text:
Talk:2014 Group 2 Project
2014 Projects: Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4
Do not remove this notice {{2014 Project discussion}} from the top of the discussion page.
Newest student comments should be entered at the top of this current page under the subheading "Student Discussion Area" (you cannot edit the sub-heading title).
All comments should begin with your own signature button, that will automatically enter student number date/time stamp.
Do not use your full name here in discussion, if absolutely necessary you may use first names only.
Do not remove or edit other student comments.
Use sub-headings if you want to add other draft information, images, references, etc.
Only your own group members should edit this page, unless directed otherwise by the course co-ordinator.
Group Assessment Criteria
The key points relating to the topic that your group allocated are clearly described.
The choice of content, headings and sub-headings, diagrams, tables, graphs show a good understanding of the topic area.
Content is correctly cited and referenced.
The wiki has an element of teaching at a peer level using the student's own innovative diagrams, tables or figures and/or using interesting examples or explanations.
Evidence of significant research relating to basic and applied sciences that goes beyond the formal teaching activities.
Relates the topic and content of the Wiki entry to learning aims of cell biology.
Clearly reflects on editing/feedback from group peers and articulates how the Wiki could be improved (or not) based on peer comments/feedback. Demonstrates an ability to review own work when criticised in an open edited wiki format. Reflects on what was learned from the process of editing a peer's wiki.
Evaluates own performance and that of group peers to give a rounded summary of this wiki process in terms of group effort and achievement.
The content of the wiki should demonstrate to the reader that your group has researched adequately on this topic and covered the key areas necessary to inform your peers in their learning.
Develops and edits the wiki entries in accordance with the above guidelines.
1 17 April 2014
2 Assessment
4 Articles for user z5011413 on Tom Complex
4.1 Uploading image
4.2 Uploaded Image for user 5011413 on Tom Complexes
5 Extra Project Spoof
6.1 lab 9
6.2 feedback
Before the next practical class (after the mid-semester break) the following items must be completed:
You have written draft text in the section(s) that you have been assigned by your group.
Your text should include source references clearly identifying original research from review articles.
Your section(s) must include at least one research/review image or student drawn image related to the section topic.
You have clearly identified the work you have contributed on the project discussion page.
Projects will be presented by your group to the rest of the class at the beginning of the next practical.
--Z3223095 (talk) 16:49, 20 March 2014 (EST)
--Z5011413 (talk) 16:49, 20 March
Topics that each group member will focus on to find 4 articles
3421035- introduction 3223095- diseases 5011413- protein complexes (TOM complex)
Multiple pathways for sorting mitochondrial precursor proteins: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/sj.embor.7401126/full
Mitochondrial structure showing outer and inner membranes as well as cristae. Image from cell biology website.
A cartoon showing mitochondrial structure. Image from cell biology website.
A self-drawn image illustrating the structure of a mitochondrial precursor protein z5011413 Image relates to project topic. Could you clarify if the above text is your own or has been used from the original source, if the latter it should be cited. Z5011413 Reference and copyright OK.
Protein transport complexes in the Mitochondria. Z5011413 Reference and copyright OK. Image relates to project topic. The image has many numbered components that are not explained in the above legend. You can add additional information and not just the original figure legend.
Location of MPC1 and MPC2 in mitochondrial membrane. Z3421035 Removed for copyright infringement. Image only for personal, noncommercial use only.
Fragmentation of Mitochondria in PINK1 neurons when under stress conditions. Z3223095 Image does relate to project topic. You have not formatted or cited the reference correctly and poor file naming. PMID 19492057
Mitofusion2_mutations_alter_Mitochondrial_Dynamics Z3223095 Image does relate to project topic. The image is included on the project page without any descriptive legend or citation. You have not formatted or cited the reference correctly. PMID 22957060
PNPase complexes located in the intermembranous space of the mitochondria assisting with RNA importation. Z3421035 Removed for copyright infringement.
Location and structure of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial tethering complex. Z3421035 Removed for copyright infringement. Image only for personal, noncommercial use only.
<mediaplayer>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gL4c3dhjKxE</mediaplayer>
This article explores one of the mechanisms that the mitochondria uses to transport proteins or preproteins through its outer and inner membranes. From other research articles, it has been found that there are protein complexes embedded in the membranes which aid the transportation of charged preproteins. There are differing groups for the inner and outer membranes. One such group of complexes are called the TIM complexes, which contain various subgroups with the main ones being TIM17, TIM23 and TIM44. These proteins help the preprotein cross the inner membrane. TIM17 and TIM23 have been recognised as integral proteins which span across the inner membrane and are said to be structural members. TIM44 is loosely associated with TIM23 and has been discovered to have a matrix heat shock protein 70 (mtHsp70) binding area. Dekker and his team identified that a complex, of approximately 90K containing TIM17 and TIM23, was the major preprotein import site. Through various techniques, they were able to suggest that the import channel is able to hold a translocating chain. [1]
This next article investigates the cleaving mechanism used to separate preproteins, such as Oxal, from TOM complexes in order to transport them through the TIM complexes and into the cytosol of the mitochondria. It has been identified that the inner membrane potential and the matrix heat shock protein 70 (mtHsp70) enable the release of Oxal from the TOM complexes in the outer membrane. The article suggest that there is a close interaction between TOM complexes and translocases, such as the TIM complexes, of the inner membrane. One of the experiments done by Frazier and her team, examined whether mtHsp70 was only required for the transportation of Oxal or was it involved in other preprotein transport across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. They found that the mtHsp70 was required to release Oxal from the TOM complex in the outer membrane. Through various experiments, they concluded that the mitochondria has more than one pathway for translocation of hydrophobic proteins.[2]
The following article explores the structural organisation of the TIM17.73 complex. It identifies the sub-components of the complex, which are TIM17, TIM23 and TIM44 and states that these components are found in equimolar amounts. TIM44 is said to be a peripheral protein and therefore is assoicated with the matrix side of the membrane and the TIM17.73 complex. Through immunodepletion, Moro and his team were able to identify that all TIM23 complexed together with TIM17 to form the TIM17.73 complex. TIM44 was found to associated with this complex at the matrix side of the inner membrane. [3]
In this last article, it was noted that various compounds, such as steroid hormones, are transported into the mitochondrial cytosol though various proteins within the outer and inner membranes. One such hormone which was investigated was cholesterol. A complex called the transduceosome which is where steroidogenic proteins interact with outer mitochondrial membrane translocator proteins and voltage-dependent anion channels. It has been suggested that the cholesterol transfer happens through the specialised interaction sites between the inner and outer membranes, which are composed of voltage-dependent anion channels and the adenine nucleotide translocase of the inner membrane. In this article, Rone and her team set out to identify the mechanisms in which cholesterol is transferred from the outer membrane to the inner membrane of the mitochondria where the cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP11A1, is located. Through various experimental technqiues, they were able to conclude that several mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins are needed to aid the transportation of cholesterol from the outer membrane to the inner membrane. The outer membrane protein, translocator protein, is needed to bind and separate the cholesterol, the mitochondrial-targeted steroidogenic acute regulatory protein is required to initiate the transportation of cholesterol into the inner membrane. The outer membrane voltage-dependent anion channel anchors the translocator protein and the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. Finally, the transfer of cholesterol CYP11A1 occurs after the formation of the AAA domain-containing protein 3A, which forms a bridge, connecting the outer membrane to inner membrane. [4]
Articles for user z5011413 on Tom Complex
Materials for potential import into the mitochondria are recognized by a specific receptor on the surface of the mitochondria that delivers them into a protein import channel in the outer membrane. The receptor and channel include several non-identical subunits and are referred to as the Tom Complexes ("Transport across the Outer Membrane"). The receptor consists of at least four non-identical integral membrane proteins named (after their approximate molecular masses in kDa) Tom70, Tom37, Tom22, and Tom20. This articles goes through the functions of these proteins but only Tom20 is essential for protein transport. [5]
The two receptors, Tom22 and Tom20, are critical for the assembly of Tom40 channel units and have distinct roles as organizers of Tom40 dimers into larger TOM structures. Based on biochemical and electron microscopy studies of the TOM complex isolated from yeast mitochondria, this article discovered the molecular reason for the different number of channel-like structures. The TOM complex from wild-type yeast contains up to three stain-filled centers, while from a mutant yeast selectively lacking Tom20, the TOM complex particles contain only two channel-like structures. From mutant mitochondria lacking Tom22, native electrophoresis separates an ∼80 kDa subcomplex that consists of Tom40 only and is functional for accumulation of a precursor protein. The article concludes that while Tom40 forms the import channels, the two receptors Tom22 and Tom20 are required for the organization of Tom40 dimers into larger TOM structures. [6]
In this article Rapaport obtained knowledge about the TOM complex through studying Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Neurospora crassa that contain homologous components to higher organisms like mammals and plants. The receptors Tom20 and Tom22 are involved in the translocation of most protein precursors, especially those with N-terminal targeting signals. Tom70, forms a binding site for a more bound set of molecules that will become proteins, most notably the mitochondrial carrier family. The subunits Tom40, Tom22, Tom7, Tom6 and Tom5 are embedded in the outer membrane where they form the Tom core complex, also called "the general insertion pore". Tom40 forms the protein-conducting channel, whereas Tom22 and Tom5 probably link the receptors to the pore (this is not concluded yet). In conclusion, the article found that Tom40 is essential for the viability of yeast and N. crassa cells. Although Tom22 was also thought to be essential, it has recently been reported that, under special genetic conditions, a very 'sick' tom22Δ strain can be isolated. None of the other Tom subunits is essential for viability in yeast or N. crass. [7]
In the article, "Biogenesis of Porin of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane Involves an Import Pathway via Receptors and the General Import Pore of the Tom Complex", the mitochondira from Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used to analyze the import pathway of porin (voltage dependent ion channel) which is the most abundant protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane. The process of import and assembly of the protein is known to be dependent on the surface receptor Tom20, but the requirement for other mitochondrial proteins were explored in this article. [8]
Uploading image
Import of Oxal through inner mitochondrial membrane.[9]
This article talks about how a mitochondrial dysfunction is a common characteristic in parkinson disease. The disease gene PINK1, results in deterioration of the functions of mitochondria. PINK1 is also found in the cytoplasm and when overexpressed enhanced cell motility. [10]
Mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) are a cause of autosomal recessive familial Parkinson's disease. [11] Attempts in studying the PINK1 pathway have been controversial because of its location in the cell and within the mitochondria. This study shows that this protein has a topology that the kinase domain faces the cytoplasm and the N-terminal tail is in the mitochondria. The results within this study rectify the location of PINK1 in mitochondria and may help in realising the normal and physiological function and normal physiological function and potential pathogenic role in Parkinsons disease. [12]
PINK1 is a serine/threonine kinase in the outer membrane of mitochondria. [13] It is referred to as the gene responsible of Parkinson's disease. In the cytosol is where PINK1's precursor is made and then transported into the mitochondria through the TOM complex. It discusses the fact that the import receptor Tom70 is essential for PINK1 import. It also states that the study observed that PINK1 has predicted mitochondrial targeting signal. Thus, the research results suggest that PINK1 is transported to the mitochondria by a pathway that is independent of the TOM core complex but crucially depends on the import receptor Tom70. [14]
PINK1 mutations are connected to autosomal recessive parkinsonism. PINK1 influences the shape and the function of the mitochondria. this paper describes a mechanism linking the dysfunction of the mitochondria and the changing of the mitochondrial shape that is related to PINK1. [15]
Uploaded Image for user 5011413 on Tom Complexes
The TOM complex contains the initial receptors Tom20 and Tom70 (yellow). These two receptors are loosely attached to the rest of the complex (the TOM core complex); using mild detergent, they purify with the other Tom components, but not under more rigorous conditions. The TOM core complex builds the protein-conducting pore and contains Tom5, Tom6, Tom7, Tom22 and Tom40. The names of the Tom subunits reflect their molecular weights. [16]
↑ <pubmed>9312000</pubmed>
Extra Project Spoof
Mitochondrial transport of Calcium: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11115368
Mitochondrial structure: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Electron+Tomography+of+Neuronal+Mitochondria%3A+Three-Dimensional+Structure+and+Organization+of+Cristae+and+Membrane+Contacts
TIM and TOM complexes: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1357272504001645
Disease related to mitochondria dysfunction (Breast Cancer): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=High+TIMM17A+expression+is+associated+with+adverse+pathological+and+clinical+outcomes+in+human+breast+cancer
Mitochondrial protein synthesis and import: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3512135/
A descriptive introduction that links into the parts of the projects, and sets the basis to understanding the mechanisms of transport within the mitochondria and the proteins involved. Maybe a bit too much information is put into the Introduction, but that is my opinion and I still think it is a very good intro. Well referenced, and a related image. Well done.
- General Improvements:
o Possibly remove this sentence and place this in the Current/Future Research section. "It has puzzled researchers for years as to how RNA molecules from the nucleus makes its way through into the mitochondria mainly because the inner membrane is semipermeable and RNA molecules are not as flexible as proteins."
Protein Transport into Mitochondria
Good text with relevant references. Probably needs to be expanded on slightly more. Images are definitely needed to show structure and possibly mechanisms of binding of TOM and TIM complex.
o What do the numbers signify after the TOM annotation? Is that a measure of molecular weight? Please alliterate onto how they are ordered.
o Images are essential here.
Pyruvate transport into Mitochondria
- General improvements
o Needs more information pertaining to pyruvate transport
o Images needed
A lot of information is provided with relevant references. The only criticism that I have with this part is the usage of sentences. Try to connect the sentences or elongate them to provide a fluid reading to the audience. There are too many short sentences that can either be expanded or conjoined, and this would greatly increase the readability of this part.
o More images
o Good text, but needs to flow well
Current or Future Research
o Maybe more future research?
o Images if needed. Otherwise, it is very good.
The structure is well thought out and the information is very detailed and relevant to the project in terms of mitochondrial transport. The only suggestion I could make is the use of more pictures, as it would help illustrate the text you are writing.
--Z3420257 (talk) 06:31, 15 May 2014 (EST)
The key points of the topic were clearly described. The introduction made good use of the funnel technique by introducing the role of the mitochondria and siting its special properties, ones that other organelles do not possess. It gave a brief understanding of how the process of transport works and a photo was also included to show the basic structure of the mitochondria.
The headings and sub-headings were wisely chosen. The way that the wiki was outlined made if much easier to understand. It was good to use the different macromolecules to look at things, although I can see that information is needed in the sections for fat and RNA transport.
The first section, which pertained to the transport of proteins into to mitochondria, was made easy to understand. You included all the definition in the paragraphs, as well as a colourful diagram relating to the topic. I think the diagram, being coloured, makes it more pleasant to the eye and attracts more attention/interest. I think you could add videos of how these TOM and TIM work to ease understanding.
The section on pyruvate transport was brief and precise. If you have more research papers that discuss it's specific mechanism, maybe you could also add this. A photo/video could also be added to this section or maybe a photo of the 2 subunits responsible for its transport.
The section on disease was very interesting as it was on Parkinson's, which is a disease familiar to all. It was made easy to understand. The only downside is that it could be more related to the topics and mechanisms discussed in the previous sections of the page. PINK was never mentioned in the subsequent sections. Maybe you could add a semi introduction of this in the section it is relevant to. The section on future research was also easy to understand. You should also add this to your glossary.
Overall, I think the topic was well outlined. It is easy to understand, which is important as they will be read mores by your peers than academes. More visuals could be incorporated to make the page more interactive and interesting, as mentioned before. The references were well sited and each piece of information was linked to the specific paper it came from. All you need to do is add more information on to topics you have yet to research.
Group 2 Peer-Review --Z3399239 (talk) 12:43, 15 May 2014 (EST)
Introduction: Good introduction and outline of mitochondria that shows development of knowledge beyond lecture material. Significant research is evident and well referenced/cited. Good use of imaging though possibly more descriptive diagrams could be used? Consider changing the first sentence from "The mitochondria are..." to just "Mitochondria are...". Make sure the image of the mitochondria has the relevant copyright clearance.
Protein Transport Into Mitochondria: Well referenced, relevant material. The diagram was not very well explained in my opinion and could use further development in describing what it is illustrating. The information presented looks good. I was confused by the statement "Such subunits are TIM17, TIM23 and TIM44 which are found in a ratio of roughly 2:2:2" would the ratio be the same as 1:1:1 or are you making a point that they function as dimers?
Pyruvate Into the Mitochondria: Good referencing. Looks a little under-developed but that may be due to lack of current understanding. Diagrams would help greatly here.
What can go wrong with Transport into Mitochondria: Good referencing up until the last two paragraphs. In line 4 should it be "It is made in the cytosol and imported into the mitochondria via the (TOM) complex.". Consider revising "When disrupted and the mitochondrial is damaged and it loses its membrane potential," as the sentence structure is confusing. This section could also be further developed and the picture associated explained and referenced.
Current or Future Research: Needs further development and information as well as diagrams. Some referencing present.
Overall: Some good content and referencing. Knowledge and research shows understanding that goes beyond lecture material. Relatively accessible to peers though more diagrams with descriptions would be helpful. The Glossary was a nice addition and could be further expanded. There are a number of repeats in the reference list, namely "Sébastien Herzig, Etienne Raemy, Sylvie Montessuit, Jean-Luc Veuthey, Nicola Zamboni, Benedikt Westermann, Edmund R S Kunji, Jean-Claude Martinou Identification and functional expression of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier.". Headings and sub-headings are appropriate and easy to follow.
Group 2 peer-review So far the project is looking nice and organized. However, here are a few tips:
Could you please add the Group projects hyperlinks that directly navigate to each project page i.e." UNSW ANAT3231 Course Coordinator Dr Mark Hill
2014 Projects: Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4"
For the introduction, it would be best to split this section into 'intro', 'structure' 'function' and 'recent research/discovery' because the last half talks about the recently discovered processes.
It might be good to talk about the urea cycle (which is pyruvate is apart of), why protein is needed in the mitochondria (i.e. breakdown), - Add more pictures (acts least 1 picture to each section). Also maybe draw a simple flow diagram of the TOM complex. - Mention ATP synthase. Including the motor diagram
It is good that you mentioned the protein transport, however it might also be essential to include the transport of ATP, i.e. respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Describe the origin of pyruvate. And include diagrams/processes that occur specifically in the mitochondrial membrane
Some sections seem to be missing i.e. Rna + lipd transport into mitochondria. If this transport process is too complex, it is best to ask Mark if it is needed or not in the project.
The disease and research part seems fine but may require more detail and pictures.
Sorry, I feel as though am going of a tangent with this and that I might be describing process that occur in the matrix. Please ask Mark if these are essential at all for the project.
Also the referencing looks great.
Thanks and good luck. --Z3375490 (talk) 14:25, 15 May 2014 (EST)
Feedback --Z3378012 (talk) 18:44, 19 May 2014 (EST)
The introduction provides a clear understanding of the topic. There is good sentence structure and flow which then gives a good lead up to the next subsections. The rest of the project builds well on the introduction. Every section you have set as heading gives good detailed information. The only real improvement I would recommend is more images and maybe even a more broad outlook on the transport system. The quality of what you have so far is amazing but the amount of information is very select.
Introduction which covers mitochondria structure, yet it is a little long. I also didn't really see until the protein what was going to be covered on the page. I would reposition certain details to be small introductions. Perhaps just create a sub heading of mitochondria structure under the introduction would be sufficient.
The assignment makes great use of headings separates information clearly and succinctly. However everything seems to just be covered under the one point "1. Transport from the Cytoplasm to the Mitochondria", changing it to something along the lines of "2. Transport to the Mitochondria", "3.What can go wrong with transport… ", "4. Current and future studies" etc. Although this a small cosmetic issue it would be easier to navigate through assignment.
Images provided are good, however the one provided under diseases need information as to what it is and what is being conveyed. Need for images sub heading, as an index of diagrams and figure that have been used. Reference are from a myriad of sources. Glossary is a fantastic addition, provides further information for the reader with terms they may not necessarily know. Overall this wiki page seems to heading in the right direction.
Group 2:
- Instead of using the phrase, "this leads to the idea" in the first sentence, you should use "this shows that…" because it makes it sound like it's more of a postulation and not 100% solid fact. - It's great that you have differentiated between the structure of the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane. This gives a better insight to the different roles they play in transport and the various mechanisms. - However, I think there is too much emphasis on the structure and role of the mitochondria in the introduction when it should also include information on the transport from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria. - The use of the mitochondria image is good in letting the viewers observe the major features of the mitochondria.
Proteins used in transport:
- This section is really well written as it talks about the various proteins used in transport. - The use of the image highlighting the various proteins is great for understanding the mechanisms involved.
Pyruvate transport into the Mitochondria:
- This section seems is good as it incorporates the proteins and signalling molecules needed for the transport of pyruvate. However, there needs to be more paragraphs on the transport of other important molecules to show why mitochondrial to cytoplasmic transport is important. - There should also be images to show the transportation of various molecules.
Diseases and current research:
- This section is very well written and is easy to understand. The use of the image relates to the text and is easy to navigate. - The section on current research in incomplete, however judging on the content written so far, it is really good. - It would be a good idea to use images for the current research section
The use of the glossary list really helps viewers understand and locate words they otherwise wouldn't have known. The references are also correctly listed with each section having 3-4 references for each paragraph which is good. However, there is definitely more that needs to be written on the pages such as the transport of molecules other than pyruvate to make the page look more complete. Also, maybe a subheading for history should be placed to make the page look even more detailed and interesting. The history could include dates to which the structure of the mitochondria was found, the various imaging techniques that enabled us to view the mitochondria in a molecular level and also the discovery of important proteins included in the transport from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria. All in all, I think group has so far done a great job but needs to work on the criticism listed above.
Hypothesis:
Isolated cells grown in optimal tissue culture conditions will most likely undergo apoptosis once placed in a foreign environment.
To determine whether the cell undergoes an intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathway by observing the amount of caspase 8 activated.
Human adherent cells are used for the tissue culture. They are washed carefully and loose cells are isolated. Adherent cells are gently spun and labelled with FAM green fluorescence from the FLICATM kit before trypsinization. Cells are incubated with the FLICA at 37oC for roughly 60 minutes before washing. After the addition of apoptosis wash buffer, cells are placed on ice and protected from light. Observations are made by the analysis of cells with a flow cytometer.
Click 'Protocol' tab in the following link for more detailed instructions.
http://www.immunochemistry.com/products/apoptosis-assays/caspase-assay-kits/green-flica-caspase-8-assay-kit.html
Suppliers: Immunochemistry Technologies
Resource: Green FLICA™ Caspase 8 Assay Kit
If there is a high fluorescence reading observed, that means that there is a high amount of caspase 8 present and therefore, leads to an extrinsic apoptotic pathway. However, if there is a low fluorescence reading observed, there is less caspase 8 and hence, there is no extrinsic pathway activated.
At first glance the introduction appears to be very long, which isn't a bad thing. However you may need to be cautious that you are not going into too much detail as it can make it very complicated for readers to understand. The assignment has great structure and format except there may be one thing you need to fix in relation to the formatting of headings and subheadings. At the top of the page where it says "contents", everything is under "1. Transport from the Cytoplasm to the Mitochondria", I think it would be better if you started a new heading for extra information (e.g. "2. What can go wrong…", "3. Current or future research…", "4. Glossary"). The "glossary" heading is excellent, allowing readers to identify a term that they're not familiar with. The reference list is long which is good as you don't seem to be sticking to one source, but getting information from many sources. Overall this assignment has great direction and the content is well written and accompanied by helpful images.
Retrieved from "https://cellbiology.med.unsw.edu.au/cellbiology/index.php?title=Talk:2014_Group_2_Project&oldid=50606"


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8 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}H &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}24.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}44.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}29.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}28.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}31.0 \\ \hline
9 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}I &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}23.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}49.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}29.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}33.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}22.0 \\ \hline
10 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}J &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}22.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}42.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}31.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}30.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}31.0 \\ \hline
11 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}K &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}21.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}47.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}31.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}31.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}26.0 \\ \hline
12 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}L &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}21.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}36.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}29.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}40.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}30.0 \\ \hline
13 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}M &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}20.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}37.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}29.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}30.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}40.0 \\ \hline
14 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}N &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}19.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}41.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}30.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}36.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}30.0 \\ \hline
15 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}O &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}19.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}37.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}32.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}34.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}34.0 \\ \hline
16 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}P &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}19.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}29.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}27.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}41.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}40.0 \\ \hline
17 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}Q &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}18.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}42.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}28.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}30.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}38.0 \\ \hline
18 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}R &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}18.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}36.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}30.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}45.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}27.0 \\ \hline
19 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}S &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}18.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}36.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}25.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}31.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}46.0 \\ \hline
20 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}T &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}17.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}44.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}28.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}35.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}32.0 \\ \hline
21 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}U &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}17.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}43.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}36.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}34.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}26.0 \\ \hline
22 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}V &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}17.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}43.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}31.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}39.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}26.0 \\ \hline
23 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}W &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}16.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}32.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}33.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}40.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}35.0 \\ \hline
24 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}X &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}16.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}28.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}32.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}44.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}36.0 \\ \hline
25 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}Y &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}15.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}42.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}36.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}31.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}32.0 \\ \hline
26 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFF}Z &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}14.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}45.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}35.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}30.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}32.0 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}%
}
\end{table}

A: The specific issue is that you need to load amsmath before amsthm.  If you do that, the compilation will get far enough to tell you that you left out \begin{document} and \end{document}.  It will then give you a very confusing error about \@@scl being undefined that turns out to trace back to giving xcolor an invalid HTML color code.
The larger issue is that you seem to be doing something that a lot of beginners do: copying and pasting code from a lot of existing documents.  Unfortunately, you've pasted their preambles together in a way that does not make sense.  You almost certainly don't need, for example, lipsum to insert "Lorem ipsum" dummy text, or to redefine the geometry of a journal article.  You no longer need textcomp or inputenc, since the LaTeX kernel now loads them by default.  Some of the packages you load are redundant, obsolete, or duplicated.
I would clear out the list of packages, then add back the ones your document actually needs, one at a time.
Edit
If I add \begin{document} and \end{document}, then replace the invalid HTML color names, the following document will compile on TeX Live 2020:
\documentclass[review]{elsarticle}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[fleqn]{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsthm, amssymb}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage[table, HTML]{xcolor}

\begin{document}
Table Code is here
\begin{table}[]
\caption{Testing my Table}
\label{tab:my-table}
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{%
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\textbf{ID}} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Pattern}} &
  Very often &
  Often &
  Rarely &
  Sometimes &
  Never \\ \hline
1 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}A &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}38.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}55.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}21.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}22.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}20.0 \\ \hline
2 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}B &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}29.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}48.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}29.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}26.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}24.0 \\ \hline
3 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}C &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}29.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}47.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}28.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}27.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}25.0 \\ \hline
4 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}D &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}27.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}42.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}26.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}36.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}25.0 \\ \hline
5 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}E &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}27.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}41.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}23.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}35.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}30.0 \\ \hline
6 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}F &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}25.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}45.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}21.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}48.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}17.0 \\ \hline
7 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}G &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}25.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}44.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}29.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}36.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}22.0 \\ \hline
8 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}H &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}24.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}44.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}29.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}28.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}31.0 \\ \hline
9 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}I &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}23.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}49.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}29.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}33.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}22.0 \\ \hline
10 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}J &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}22.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}42.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}31.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}30.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}31.0 \\ \hline
11 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}K &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}21.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}47.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}31.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}31.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}26.0 \\ \hline
12 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}L &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}21.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}36.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}29.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}40.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}30.0 \\ \hline
13 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}M &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}20.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}37.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}29.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}30.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}40.0 \\ \hline
14 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}N &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}19.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}41.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}30.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}36.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}30.0 \\ \hline
15 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}O &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}19.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}37.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}32.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}34.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}34.0 \\ \hline
16 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}P &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}19.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}29.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}27.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}41.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}40.0 \\ \hline
17 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}Q &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}18.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}42.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}28.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}30.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}38.0 \\ \hline
18 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}R &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}18.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}36.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}30.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}45.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}27.0 \\ \hline
19 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}S &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}18.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}36.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}25.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}31.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}46.0 \\ \hline
20 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}T &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}17.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}44.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}28.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}35.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}32.0 \\ \hline
21 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}U &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}17.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{70AD47}43.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}36.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}34.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}26.0 \\ \hline
22 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}V &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}17.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}43.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}31.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}39.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}26.0 \\ \hline
23 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}W &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}16.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}32.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}33.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{A9D08E}40.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}35.0 \\ \hline
24 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}X &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}16.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}28.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}32.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}44.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}36.0 \\ \hline
25 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}Y &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}15.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}42.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}36.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}31.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}32.0 \\ \hline
26 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{FFFFFF}Z &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}14.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}45.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}35.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}30.0 &
  \cellcolor[HTML]{E2EFDA}32.0 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}%
}
\end{table}
\end{document}

The issue is unrelated to wasysym.
I took my best guess which colors you actually wanted when you wrote something that was not a valid HTML color value, but consider using the standard svgnames from W3C.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
La familia criminal Soprano, conocida anteriormente como familia criminal DiMeo, es una familia criminal ficticia de la serie de televisión de HBO Los Soprano. Tiene su sede en Nueva Jersey y está conectada con la familia criminal de Nueva York, comandada por John "Johnny Sack" Sacramoni, y la Camorra. Está basada en la verdadera familia criminal DeCavalcante, también con sede en Nueva Jersey.

Estructurada en forma piramidal, la organización se compone de un núcleo administrativo y cinco bandas (o equipos), cuyos líderes se turnaron durante la temporada o lo mencionaron en los diálogos. La historia narrada en pantalla muestra a la organización a partir de 1999, referida generalmente como la familia Soprano. Sin embargo, antes era conocida como la organización criminal DiMeo del estado de Nueva Jersey, que comenzó sus actividades en los años 1950. Las bandas que conforman los miembros de las familias varían como consecuencia de los asesinatos o el ingreso en prisión de sus miembros.

Organización

Administración
 Tony Soprano — Jefe (2004–presente, jefe interino 1999-2004, subjefe no oficial (1999))
 Silvio "Sil" Dante — Consigliere de Tony Soprano (2000–?)

Capos actuales
 Equipo de Junior Soprano/Baccalieri - desconocido
 Equipo de Soprano/Gualtieri y de Aprile/Gervasi - Peter Paul "Paulie Walnuts" Gualtieri
 Barese crew - Lawrence "Larry Boy" Barese (encarcelado) Albert Barese
 Curto crew - desconocido

Historial de liderazgo

Jefes
 19??–1995 - Domenico Ercoli "Eckley" DiMeo  — Jefe desde 1995, condenado a cadena perpetua.
 1995-1999 - Giacomo "Jackie" Aprile — Jefe (1995–1999 hasta su fallecimiento a causa de cáncer)
 1999-2006 - Corrado "Junior" Soprano — fue jefe desde 1999–2004, cuando fue enviado a un hospital psiquiátrico en 2006.
 Interino 2000-2004 - Tony Soprano — sólo sirvió como jefe interino, pero de facto controlaba la organización sin la ayuda de Junior desde 1999–2004; ascendido a jefe en 2004.
 2006–presente - Anthony "Tony" Soprano
 Interino 2006 - Silvio "Sil" Dante — sirvió como jefe interino durante el tiroteo de Tony en 2006.

Subjefes
 1999 - Joseph "Beppy" Sasso — Subjefe de Junior Soprano (1999)
 2005-2007 - Peter Paul "Paulie Walnuts" Gualtieri — Subjefe de Tony Soprano desde 2005–2007
 2007 - Robert "Bobby Bacala" Baccalieri (asesinado en 2007)

Consigliere
 1999-1999 - Mikey "Grab Bag" Palmice — Consigliere de Junior Soprano (1999, fallecido)
 2000–presente - Silvio "Sil" Dante — Consigliere de Tony Soprano (2000–?)

Equipos

Junior Soprano / Baccalieri
Anteriormente conocido como el equipo de Junior Soprano, pasó a denominarse equipo de Baccalieri. Se desconoce quién asumió el rol de capo tras el asesinato de "Bacala" Baccalieri.
Tony nunca acepto a Bobby como uno de ellos

Organización actual
 Anthony Maffei — Soldado (2007 - presente)
 Thomas "Tommy" Di Palma — Soldado (desconocido - presente)
 Murf Lupo — Soldado (desconocido–2000, 2002–presente, semiretirado)
 Giuseppe "Beppy" Scerbo — Soldado (desconocido - presente)

Miembros anteriores
Historial de Capos
 desconocido—1999 — Junior Soprano — (ascendido a jefe, semiretirado)
 Interino 1999- Mikey Palmice (fallecido, 1999)
 Interino 1999–2000 — Phillip "Philly Spoons" Parisi (fallecido, 2000)
 Interino 2000–2002 – Murf Lupo (descendido a Soldado, semiretirado, 2002)
 Interino 2002–2007 – Robert "Bobby Bacala" Baccalieri — (Capo interino 2002–2007)
 2007– Robert "Bobby Bacala" Baccalieri — (Capo  2007, fallecido)

Soldados/Asociados
 Robert Baccalieri, Sr. — Soldado (desconocido–2001, fallecido)
 Gigi Cestone — Soldier (pre-1995–2000, desertó al equipo de Gualtieri, fallecido)
 Mikey "Grab Bag" Palmice — Soldado (desconocido–1999, ascendido a capo interino y Consigliere, fallecido)
 Pasquale "Patsy" Parisi — Soldado (1984–2000, desertó al equipo de Gualtieri; 2007, Capo del equipo de Gualtieri)
 Charles "Chucky" Signore — Soldado (desconocido–1999, fallecido)
 Joseph "Beppy" Sasso — Soldado (desconocido–1999, ascendido a subjefe)
 Eugene Pontecorvo (1995–2000, traspasado al equipo de Aprile, fallecido)
 Salvatore "Mustang Sally" Intile — Asociado (desconocido–2000, fallecido)
 Donnie Paduana — Asociado (desconocido–1999, fallecido)

Soprano / Gualtieri / Moltisanti
Anteriormente conocido como el equipo de Soprano, después denominado equipo de Gualtieri, y finalmente equipo de Moltisanti. Paulie se convirtió en el capo de su grupo y del de Aprile, tras la fusión de estos.

Organización actual
 Peter Paul "Paulie Walnuts" Gualtieri - (capo desde 2000–2005, ascendido a subjefe y reasignado para organizar el equipo Soprano/Gualtieri con el equipo Moltisanti y el equipo Altieri/Aprile en 2007)
 Pasquale "Patsy" Parisi — Soldado 2000–presente; desconocido-2000 saldado en el equipo de Junior Soprano)
 Benito "Benny" Fazio — Soldado en el equipo de Moltisanti (2007–presente, asociado en 2001-2007))
 Frankie Cortese — Soldado (2004–presente)
 Paul "Little Paulie" Germani — Asociado (2001–presente)
 Perry Annunziata — Asociado (2006–presente)
 Corky Caporale — Asociado (2006–presente)
 Peter "Bissell" LaRosa — Asociado (2002–presente)
 Cary DiBartolo — Asociado (2006–presente)
 Corky Ianucci — Asociado (1999–presente)
 James "Murmur" Zancone — Asociado (2006–presente)
 Jason Parisi — Asociado (2007–presente)
 Jason Gervasi — Asociado (2007–presente)

Miembros anteriores
Historial de Capos del equipo Soprano/Gualtieri
 desconocido–1986 - John "Johnny Boy" Soprano — (served as capo from unknown–1986, fallecido)
 1986-2000 - Anthony John "Tony" Soprano — (Capo from 1986–2000, promoted to Boss; previously Soldier, unknown–1986)
 2000–present - Peter Paul "Paulie Walnuts" Gualtieri - (served as capo from 2000–present, promoted to Underboss, then re-assigned to reform the merger of the Soprano/Gualtieri/Moltisanti crew, and the Aprile/Gervasi crew in 2007)

History of Moltisanti crew Capos (defunct)
 2005-2007 - Christopher "Chrissy" Moltisanti — (newly formed crew from old Soprano/Gualtieri crew; served as capo from 2005–2007, previously Soldier 2001–2005 in Soprano/Gualtieri crew, Associate pre-1995–2001, fallecido)
 2007 - Crew is merged back with the Soprano/Gualtieri Crew under Peter Paul "Paulie Walnuts" Gualtieri

Soldiers/Associates
 Pat Blundetto — Soldado (retired)
 Salvatore "Big Pussy" Bonpensiero — Soldado (1983–2000, FBI informant, fallecido)
 Gigi Cestone — Soldier (2000), promoted to Capo of the Aprile Crew, fallecido)
 Silvio Dante — Soldado (1983–2001, promoted to Consigliere)
 Furio Giunta — Soldier (2000–2002, M.I.A.)
 Eugene Pontecorvo — Soldado (2001–2006, F.B.I informant, fallecido)
 Burt Gervasi — Soldado (2006–2007, fallecido)
 "Jimmy" — Soldier (fallecido)
 Richard "Dickie" Moltisanti — Soldado (fallecido)
 Fabian "Febby" Petrullio — Soldier (FBI informant, fallecido)
 Matthew Bevilaqua — Associate (2000, fallecido)
 Brendan Filone — Associate (1999, fallecido)
 Sean Gismonte — Associate (2000, fallecido)
 Alfie — Associate (2002)

Territory and businesses
 The traditional and primary income of the crew stems from bookmaking, loansharking, and extortion, as well as truck hijacking. Under the ascension of Tony Soprano to Acting Boss, more diverse and modern criminal enterprises were pursued. These include an HMO scam with Hesh Rabkin, the "pump and dump" Webistics stock scam, buying calling cards on credit through front companies and selling them at discount, and selling stolen credit card numbers.
 The Soprano Crew are the main proprietors of the Bada Bing strip club on Route 17 in Lodi, New Jersey. Silvio Dante officially owns and manages the club.
 Business has also been established through Satriale's Pork Store, a meat market in the North Ward that was left to "Johnny Boy" Soprano when "Old Man" Satriale, a compulsive gambler and debtor, committed suicide in the early 1970s.
 Tony also owned the building that housed Caputo's Poultry Store in the North Ward, before selling the property to Jamba Juice in 2006.
 Garbage routes were also considered "bread and butter" for the crew as of 1999. Up until its sale in 2006, Barone Sanitation acted as a lucrative and protective front business and handled their garbage hauling routes, which included Triborough Towers. Tony Soprano was a longtime paid consultant of Barone Sanitation until Jason Barone sold the company after his father, Dick Barone's death. Tony still receives a salary from the company (until 2016) and netted 12% of the sale price.
 Tony and Silvio also run the Executive Card Game, a high-stakes poker game once run by Johnny and Junior Soprano until Tony took over as Acting Boss in 2000 and seized most of Junior Soprano's businesses.
 Christopher Moltisanti was the silent partner of the Crazy Horse nightclub, once run by his fiancée Adriana La Cerva. Furio Giunta was a partner until he fled to Italy.
 The crew's relationship with the Vittorio/Zucca Camorra family in Naples allowed for the smuggling of stolen cars to Italy in return for money and free use of Neapolitan enforcers, notably Furio Giunta. This business was formerly run by the Junior Soprano crew until 2000.
 Bonpensiero also ran an auto body shop before his death, now operated by his widow Angie and brother Duke, though the family still does business through the body shop and Angie works as a loan shark for Tony.
 After becoming a made man in 2001, Christopher was given a betting shop, managed by Warren Dupree, to run with a minimum $6,000/week kick up to Paulie. This betting shop likely belonged to Pussy Bompensiero until his execution and Paulie until Christopher became a made man.
 The crew had an interest in Massarone Construction until 2004 when its owner, Jack Massarone, became a government informant and subsequently killed.
 The crew has run the Feast of St. Elzear (a three-day festival with rides, vendors and a procession) for profit since the 1950s. Paulie Gualtieri took this part of the crew's business with him when he was promoted.

Aprile / Cestone / Cifaretto / Spatafore / Gervasi / Gualtieri crew
The Cifaretto crew, formerly the Aprile crew, was known as the most profitable crew in the Soprano/DiMeo family. The Gervasi crew was formerly the Altieri crew. After the death of capos Ralph Cifaretto and Vito Spatafore, the Altieri and Aprile crews were combined under the leadership of Carlo Gervasi. In the series finale, Paulie Gualtieri was re-assigned as Capo of this crew. Leadership of this crew, in recent years, has come to be seen as a "cursed" position, due to the ill fortune that has befallen most of its capos.

Current organization
 Peter Paul "Paulie Walnuts" Gualtieri — Capo 2007–present; served as capo from 2000–present of the Soprano/Gualtieri crew, promoted to Underboss, then re-assigned to reform the merger of the Soprano/Gualtieri/Moltisanti crew, and the Gervasi/Aprile crew in 2007.
 Walden Belfiore — Soldado
 Vincent "Vinny Pitts" Pitsaturo — Soldier
 Dante Greco — Soldado
 Jason Molinaro — Soldier
 Terry Doria — Associate
 Sammy Grigio — Associate
 "Dogsy" — Associate

Former members
History of Aprile crew Capos
 1990–1997 - Giacomo "Jackie" Aprile, Sr. (capo from 1990–1997, promoted to Acting Boss, fallecido)
 1997-2000 - Richie Aprile (capo from unknown–1990, 2000, fallecido)
 2001 - Gigi Cestone (capo in 2001, fallecido)
 2001-2002 - Ralph "Ralphie" Cifaretto (capo from 2001–2002, fallecido)
 2002-2006 - Vito Spatafore (Capo from 2002–2006, fallecido)
 2006-2007 - Carlo Gervasi (in 2006 Crew is merged with the Gervasi crew; in 2007 FBI Informant, current status unknown, possibly in Witness Protection Program)
 2007–present - Peter Paul "Paulie Walnuts" Gualtieri (Crew is merged with Soprano/Gualtieri crew under Paulie)

Aprile crew Soldiers/Associates
 Eugene Pontecorvo — Soldado (2001–2006, FBI Informant, fallecido)
 Donald "Donny K" Kafranza — Soldier (2000-2003, semi-retired due to nerve damage)
 Jackie Aprile, Jr. — Associate (2000–2001, fallecido)
 Peter "Beansie" Gaeta — Associate (retired due to paralysis)
 Carlo Renzi — Associate (fallecido)
 Sunshine — Associate (fallecido)
 Dino Zerilli — Associate (fallecido)

Former members
History of Gervasi crew Capos (defunct)
 1995-1999 - Jimmy Altieri (Capo from 1995–1999, FBI Informant, fallecido)
 1999-2007 - Carlo Gervasi (1999–2007, in 2006 Crew is merged with the Aprile crew; in 2007 FBI Informant, current status unknown, possibly in Witness Protection Program)

Gervasi crew Soldiers/Associates
 Anthony "Tony B" Blundetto — Asociado (unknown–1986, 2004, fallecido)

Territory and businesses (Cifaretto)
 Since at least the leadership of Jackie Aprile, Sr., the crew has had the biggest interests in construction, via illicit control of unions and projects in co-operation with the Lupertazzi Family; this became most lucrative under the leadership of Ralph Cifaretto, who supervised the New Jersey Front Esplanade construction project and the HUD scam, and his successor Vito Spatafore. This had made them the most consistently profitable crew of the whole family. However, since Vito's disappearance and subsequent death in 2006, the Gervasi crew had been granted control of all future construction interests.
 Ownership and operation of Spatafore Construction, Fernandez Paving, and Aprile Roofing.
 Significant income also came from various garbage routes throughout New Jersey, operated by Zanone Bros. Trucking. Richie Aprile at one point used them for cocaine distribution.
 The Cifaretto Crew also has business in some minor pizza joints throughout New Jersey.
 Richie Aprile and Ralph Cifaretto both sponsored mid-level poker games. Eugene Pontecervo also ran a poker game which was robbed by Jackie Jr. in 2001.
 The Altieri control of North Jersey ports was transferred to the Aprile crew when the Aprile and Altier crews were combined in 2006.
 Until the death of Eugene Pontecervo in late 2005, the Cifaretto crew ran a sports book in Roseville. This had since been given to Bobby Bacala.

Territory and businesses (Gervasi)
 The Gervasi crew runs all operations around the New Jersey ports, controlling overseas shipments and business.
 With the death of Aprile Crew Capo Vito Spatafore in 2006, Carlo Gervasi was given control of the Aprile's construction interests.
 The Gervasi crew owns the casino on Bloomfield Avenue, once run by associate Tony Blundetto until his death.
 Pornography production

Barese crew
The Barese crew is known for its large crew of made men. Although it's the biggest crew in the family, very few members are actually seen or named on the show. Larry Barese's brother Albert took over the crew since his incarceration and has been running it ever since.

Current organization
 Lawrence "Larry Boy" Barese — Capo (Unknown–present, incarcerated for violating house arrest, awaiting re-trial)
 Albert "Ally Boy" Barese — Soldado/Acting Capo (Unknown–present)
 Nicholas "Nick Spags" Spagnelli — Soldier (2006—present)

Former members
 "Rusty Irish" — Associate (drug dealer, fallecido)

Territory and businesses
 A percentage of Barese crew profits come from drug trafficking.
 The Barese Crew is also involved in waste management, and in 2000 they were involved in a brief conflict with the Aprile crew over territory that resulted in several fires.
 The Bareses were also involved in calling card and stock scams up until Larry Boy's arrest; these were later replicated by the Soprano/Gualtieri crew.

Curto crew
It is currently unknown of who took over the Curto crew after the passing of its Capo, Raymond Curto.

 Raymond Curto — Capo (unknown–2006, FBI Informant, fallecido)

La Manna crew (defunct)

 Michele "Feech" La Manna — Capo (unknown–1984, 2004, in prison)
 E. Gary La Manna — Associate
 Jimmy La Manna — Associate

Territory and businesses
 Feech La Manna once ran a high stakes card game, which was famously held up by Jackie Aprile and Tony Soprano.
 Legitimate interests included a La Manna Landscaping—a gardening company run by his nephew Gary—and the La Manna bakery, run by Feech himself.

Miscellaneous members
 Jerry Anastasia — Capo
 Augusto "Little Auggie" Aprile — Soldado
 Rocco DiMeo — Soldado (fallecido)
 "Little Pussy" Malanga — Soldado (fallecido)
 Cicchi Sasso — Soldado
 Romeo Martin — Soldado (fallecido)
 Joey Cippolini — Soldado

Unofficial associates

 Vin Makazian — Detective on Tony Soprano's payroll (fallecido)
 Harold Melvoin — Junior Soprano's lawyer
 Neil Mink — Tony Soprano's lawyer
 Herman "Hesh" Rabkin — advisor and business partner to Tony Soprano
 Georgie Santorelli — bartender and head bouncer at the Bada Bing Strip Club
 Ronald Zellman — Newark Assemblyman and later State Senator, primary political/police contact for Tony Soprano
 Italo and Salvatore — hitmen from the Naples Camorra outfit

Front operators

 Dick Barone — formerly handled Soprano crew sanitation business (fallecido)
 Angie Bonpensiero — front operator of "Bonpensiero Bros. Body Shop".
 Duke Bonpensiero — front operator of "Bonpensiero Bros. Body Shop".
 Adriana La Cerva — former front operator of the "Crazy Horse" nightclub (FBI Informant, fallecida)
 "Black" Jack Massarone — formerly owned and operated Massarone Construction (FBI Informant, fallecido)
 Hillel Teittleman — co-owner of the Flyaway Motel run by the Gualtieri crew
 Shlomo Teittleman — co-owner of the Flyaway Motel run by the Gualtieri crew
 Maurice Tiffen — front operator of the Housing and Urban Development scam.

Bibliografía
 The Sopranos: The Complete Book, 2007 HBO ISBN 1-933821-18-3
 Glen O. Gabbard, The Psychology of the Sopranos Love, Death, Desire and Betrayal in America's Favorite Gangster Family - Basic books, 2002
 Michael Hammond, Lucy Mazdon, The Contemporary Television Series, Edinburgh University Press, Edimburgo 2005
 Martha P. Nochinsom, Dying to Belong: Gangsters Movies in Hollywood and Hong Kong, Wiley Blackwell, 2007

Referencias

Personajes de Los Soprano
Crimen organizado ficticio

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. — Andrew Read, Evan Pugh University Professor of Biology and Entomology in Penn State's Eberly College of Science and the College of Agricultural Sciences, has been elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS).
Among many accomplishments, Read, who is also the director of the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics in the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, is considered a pioneer in the research of pathogen resistance in response to antibiotics, and vector resistance to pesticides. His work has opened up a new field of inquiry and therapy termed "evolutionary medicine."
"I am very surprised and touched," Read said about the honor. "Great to have the work of my group noticed by the academy."
Peter Hudson, director of the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and the Willaman Professor of Biology at Penn State, said the recognition speaks to Read as both a scientist and as a human being.
"I am thrilled that Andrew has received this great honor and it is truly well deserved," said Hudson. "He is a superb scientist who applies rigorous and deep evolutionary thinking to important scientific challenges that threaten our health, issues such as drug resistance and how vaccines can drive the virulence and infectivity of many human and domestic animal diseases. He has undertaken beautiful and detailed experiments on malaria and shown that within-host selective pressures drive the evolution of both virulence and drug resistance. I really admire the way he works out the mechanisms, identifies what has to be done and then does the neat experiments to reveal the processes. A truly great scientist, a generous mentor and a really good person."
Read will join a group of 213 people from a wide range of disciplines and professions who have been elected as members of the AAAS class of 2018. As part of the academy's commitment to recognizing and celebrating excellence, the academy, founded in 1780, honors exceptional scholars, leaders, artists and innovators, and engages them in sharing knowledge and addressing challenges facing the world.
"Membership in the academy is not only an honor, but also an opportunity and a responsibility," said Jonathan Fanton, president of AAAS. "Members can be inspired and engaged by connecting with one another and through academy projects dedicated to the common good. The intellect, creativity and commitment of the 2018 class will enrich the work of the academy and the world in which we live."
The academy's projects and publications generate ideas and offer recommendations to advance the public good in the arts, citizenship, education, energy, government, the humanities, international relations, science and more.
"This class of 2018 is a testament to the academy's ability to both uphold our 238-year commitment to honor exceptional individuals and to recognize new expertise," said Nancy C. Andrews, chair of the board of AAAS. "John Adams, James Bowdoin and other founders did not imagine climatology, econometrics, gene regulation, nanostructures or Netflix. They did, however, have a vision that the academy would be dedicated to new knowledge — and these new members help us achieve that goal."
The new members of AAAS were elected in 25 categories and are affiliated with 125 institutions. The 2018 class includes author Ta-Nehisi Coates, artist and scholar David C. Driskell, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts Chair Katherine G. Farley, philosopher Robert Gooding-Williams, actor Tom Hanks, Netflix, Inc. CEO W. Reed Hastings Jr., Librarian of Congress Carla D. Hayden, Lockheed Martin Corporation CEO Marillyn A. Hewson, historian Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, computational linguist Julia B. Hirschberg, economist Hilary Hoynes, Buddhist scholar Matthew T. Kapstein, Indigenous studies scholar K. Tsianina Lomawaima, novelist Viet Thanh Nguyen, 44th President of the United States Barack H. Obama, NASA climatologist Claire L. Parkinson, physicist David J. Pine, philanthropist and entrepreneur Laurene Powell Jobs, Supreme Court Justice Sonia M. Sotomayor, sculptor and installation artist Jessica Stockholder, gene editing developer Feng Zhang, and pediatric neurologist Huda Y. Zoghbi.
The new class will be inducted at a ceremony in October 2018 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at which the newly elected members will sign the Book of Members, and their signatures will be added to the roster of academy members who came before them, including Benjamin Franklin (1781) and Alexander Hamilton (elected 1791) in the 18th century; Ralph Waldo Emerson, (1864), Maria Mitchell (1848) and Charles Darwin (1874) in the 19th; and Albert Einstein (1924), Robert Frost (1931), Margaret Mead (1948), Milton Friedman (1959) and Martin Luther King Jr. (1966) in the 20th.
The list of the 238th class of new members is available at www.amacad.org/members.


When power transmitting mechanical systems need more torque, it doesn't manifest by magic. Energy conservation takes over and the necessary torque is delivered by reducing the speed of an input power source.
That's how the fundamental laws of physics work when mechanical systems interact, with speed reducers multiplying torque while simultaneously attenuating the velocity of the meshing gears. Horsepower or torque, radial velocity or rotational speed, the goal in this engineering scenario is to alter key power transmitting characteristics by interlocking differently sized gearing components.
How Do Speed Reducers Work?
A series of efficient gearing modules line up to manipulate input energy. A smaller gear locks against larger wheels and turns them, forming the backbone of a powerful drive chain. It doesn't require much imagination to figure out what happens next. The small wheel retains its high-speed rotational properties, but it takes a longer period of time for the bigger wheels to complete a full turn. Speed reduction is taking place.
This is the primary function, the core purpose of these gearboxes. They interface with wildly energetic mill wheels or briskly rotating turbine shafts, with any form of rapidly rotating prime mover, and they scale back input velocity by introducing mechanical power manipulators, the pinions, gears, and torque converting innards that define contemporary gearboxes.
As with most mechanical processes, if changes are made to one engineering variable, a subsequent effect takes place elsewhere. For example, these variably sized gears are designed to reduce input radial velocity. Input speed drops as drive sections interact inside gearboxes.
And, as the speed falls, torque increases. It's basically a proportionally inverse relationship, one that's generated inside the housing. Speed is dropping but energy cannot be lost, so the force rushing through the gears is amplified. We now have two desirable functions, the manipulation of speed and the ability to regulate just how much force is applied to an output shaft. Imagine a slow moving conveyor system using the former asset.
Meanwhile, a high-capacity crane or warehouse hoist leverages brute muscle from the system, taking pure torque from that initial fast-moving input stage by placing speed reducers inside the gearing equipment. Auxiliary parts in the gear train include special ratio altering sections and helical components, specially engineered sliding teeth that handle torque with superior mechanical aptitude.
Speed regulation and torque manipulation work in tandem, converting raw rotational force into intelligently managed output speeds while applying the necessary brute force to power any mechanical process.


text:
You are here: Home / movies / Dumbo: Movie Review & Family Discussion Guide (+ circus activity & book suggestions!)
Dumbo: Movie Review & Family Discussion Guide (+ circus activity & book suggestions!)
Casey Junior's comin' down the track
Comin' down the track
With a smoky stack
Hear him puffin', comin' round the hill
Casey's here to thrill
Every Jack and Jill
Every time his funny little whistle sounds
(Toot toot)
Everybody hurries to the circus grounds
Casey Junior's back
from the original Dumbo, 1941. by Frank Churchill and Ned Washington
I absolutely love that first little song and scene in Dumbo. The old fashioned circus train, the funny animals with their moms, the adventure of a ride to unknown places! Vintage circuses are my absolute fave.
So, I was pretty excited to see the new Dumbo movie. I mean, the original 1941 Dumbo isn't my all-time favorite or anything. But it's cute and has some good songs. And it's a circus!! (I seriously love circuses.)
WHY YOU AND YOUR FAMILY WILL WANT TO SEE DUMBO
You love circuses. The costumes, the wagons, the magic, the clowns, even the freaks. I love every bit of it.
And the first few minutes of this movie were full of all the fun, whimsy of a circus.
WHY YOU AND YOUR FAMILY MIGHT NOT WANT TO SEE DUMBO
Darkness. I expected some darkness as Tim Burton is the director. But, I felt like I literally wanted to up the brightness on the screen!
There was also some figurative darkness. Nothing creepy or evil. But, lots of fire (remember the clown and fire scene in the original movie? That. But more.) and a whole section of the circus called Nightmare Island that was full of scary animals.
But…it wasn't even that…I don't know…it kinda reminded me of the Rocketeer. And the bad guy in Up. And kinda Tomorrowland in a weird way.
©2018 Disney Enterprises, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
You know what I mean? It's like the future of the past? The future that never happened?
What I'm trying to say (SAY IT ALREADY!!) is that this storyline was not remotely the story of the original 1941 Dumbo. It had it's own new there's-a-new-circus-in-town plot line that was not the whimsical, fun, circus family I was hoping for.
It was all The Rich Guy is Bad and the Little Guys Have To Fight Back kinda thing.
THINGS TO TALK ABOUT
The moral. Millie's mom gave her a key to wear around her neck. It was for the times when life seems to be locked behind a door. And…then…they key was…well, I'm not sure exactly. I think it was like, "believe in yourself even when times are hard and you'll get through."
And I guess that was the moral of the whole story. You don't need a magic feather to fly, you just need to believe in yourself. You don't need a key to get through hard times, you just need to believe in yourself.
In fact, at one point, someone tells the dad (Colin Ferrel), who is unsure how to interact with his kids after the death of their mom and the loss of his arm in the war, "Your children don't need you to be perfect. They just need you to believe in them."
Really? Believe in them? That's what kids need from their parents?
This whole Disney-theology of "believe in yourself" and "anything is possible" is just not true. Should you have confidence in yourself? Sure. Should you work hard at everything in front of you? Absolutely.
But do good things happen simply because you believe in yourself? No. In fact, people like to make fun of prosperity preachers for this same mindset. These preachers say believing in the promises of God bring health and wealth. But at least they are trusting in something bigger than themselves!
I think I'm making a mountain out of a molehill.
I know I am.
But also? I don't want kids walking around trying to pull themselves up by their own bootstraps and then being disappointed when they can't get into that school, get the girl or score the job. Or even worse, when they can't conquer the addiction, can't repair the relationship and can't get out of the pit of depression.
True freedom, true redemption and true miracles come from God.
Here are some Scriptures to help remind us who we should really believe in when times are hard:
Psalm 20:7 "Some trust in chariots and some in horses, but we trust in the name of the Lord our God."
Psalm 28:7 "The Lord is my strength and my shield; my heart trusts in him, and he helps me. My heart leaps for joy, and with my song I praise him."
Isaiah 41:10 "So do not fear, for I am with you; do not be dismayed, for I am your God. I will strengthen you and help you; I will uphold you with my righteous right hand."
1 Peter 5:7 "Cast all your anxiety on him because he cares for you."
Family Activity Idea: Cut a feather out of construction paper and write one of the above verses on it. Put it in a place where you can see it regularly and remember that God and His Word will help us in scary situations. (Or find an old key and write a word or two from one of the verses, then turn it into a necklace!)
So, let's get back to the movie for a bit…
Overall, the movie was entertaining. Circuses, elephants, futuristic entertainment and family-love were central. There wasn't any sexual innuendo or even revealing clothing. There were about two cuss words and a little bit of celebrating with alcohol.
Michael Keaton was the best in an over-the-top, fantastical way. Danny Devito gave us the few laughs of the movie. Colin Ferrel had a superb southern accent (a pet peeve of mine when actors butcher southern accents!)
© 2019 Disney Enterprises, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The nods to the original Dumbo were sweet and fun. The Elephants on Parade bubble scene was a-maz-ing.
The be-nice-to-animals part was…well, modern and politically correct.
Would I let my kids see it? Sure. My kids are 13 and 10. If my kids were 3 and 4? Maybe not. There was a lot of fire, scary animals and not-happy moments. I don't think it's a movie you'll watch over and over regardless.
Sheesh. Have I totally deterred you from seeing it? I mean, I really wasn't trying to bash it. It's Dumbo for goodness' sakes! I just wanted it to feel more like Storybook Circus at Disney World.
And did I mention, I love circuses? If you're into circuses, here's some fun circus crafts and activities the kids and I have done together:
The Greatest Post on Earth (DIY Juggling Balls)
Circus Clown Lunch
Circus Clown Puppet
No Sew Circus Costume
Make Your Own Circus Train Car for your stuffed animals!
Hula Hoops: Instant 3 Ring Circusi
And some of our favorite Circus-themed books:
Circus Mirandus by Cassie Beasley // perfect middle grade with a fun boy-girl best friend, good family dynamics and a dash of magic!
Emaline at the Circus by Marjorie Priceman // a fun picture book about a little girl who goes to the circus on the field trip and gets an up-close and personal look at the performers!
The Show Must Go On by Kate Klise // funny early chapter book about circus animals
The Circus Ship by Chris Van Dusen // picture book with fun illustrations
You See a Circus, I See… by Mike Downs // sweet picture book about a kid who lives at the circus
Circus by Peter Spier // I love all Spier's detailed books!
The BFG Movie Review & Family Discussion Guide
Finding Dory Review & Family Discussion Guide
Tinkerbell & the Legend of the Neverbeast
Cirque du Soleil: KURIOS (Atlanta Giveaway!!)
Category: movies
❮ ❮ Carving and Parenting
Disney's Aladdin Movie Review & Family Discussion Guide ❯ ❯

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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When both players have full houses, the winner is one who holds higher 3-cards of the same rank (77722 wins against 666AA).


text:
/**
 * @file
 * @brief Instruction formatting classes.
 */

#ifndef _ZYDIS_INSTRUCTIONFORMATTER_HPP_
#define _ZYDIS_INSTRUCTIONFORMATTER_HPP_

#include <vector>
#include "ZydisTypes.hpp"
#include "ZydisSymbolResolver.hpp"

namespace Zydis
{

/* BaseInstructionFormatter ===================================================================== */

/**
 * @brief   Base class for all instruction formatter implementations.
 */
class BaseInstructionFormatter
{
private:
    static const char*  m_registerStrings[];
    BaseSymbolResolver* m_symbolResolver;
    std::vector<char>   m_outputBuffer;
    size_t              m_outputStringLen;
    bool                m_outputUppercase;
protected:
    /**
     * @brief   Clears the output string buffer.
     */
    void outputClear();
    /**
     * @brief   Returns the content of the output string buffer.
     * @return  Pointer to the content of the ouput string buffer.
     */
    const char* outputString();
    /**
     * @brief   Appends text to the ouput string buffer.
     * @param   text    The text.
     */
    void outputAppend(const char* text);
    /**
     * @brief   Appends formatted text to the output string buffer.
     * @param   format  The format string.
     */
    void outputAppendFormatted(const char* format, ...);
    /**
     * @brief   Changes automatic conversion of characters to uppercase.
     * @param   uppercase   Set true to enable automatic uppercase conversion.
     */
    void outputSetUppercase(bool uppercase);
    /**
     * @brief   Appends a formatted address to the output string buffer.
     * @param   info            The instruction info.
     * @param   address         The address.
     * @param   resolveSymbols  If this parameter is true, the method will try to display a
     *                          smybol name instead of the numeric value.
     */
    void outputAppendAddress(const InstructionInfo& info, uint64_t address,
        bool resolveSymbols = true);
    /**
     * @brief   Appends a formatted immediate value to the output string buffer.
     * @param   info            The instruction info.
     * @param   operand         The immediate operand.
     * @param   resolveSymbols  If this parameter is true, the method will try to display a
     *                          smybol name instead of the numeric value.
     */
    void outputAppendImmediate(const InstructionInfo& info, const OperandInfo& operand,
        bool resolveSymbols = false);
    /**
     * @brief   Appends a formatted memory displacement value to the output string buffer.
     * @param   operand The memory operand.
     */
    void outputAppendDisplacement(const OperandInfo& operand);
protected:
    /**
     * @brief   Returns the string representation of a given register.
     * @param   reg The register.
     * @return  The string representation of the given register.
     */
    const char *registerToString(Register reg) const;
    /**
     * @brief   Resolves a symbol.
     * @param   info        The instruction info.
     * @param   address     The address.
     * @param   offset      Reference to an unsigned 64 bit integer that receives an offset
     *                      relative to the base address of the symbol.
     * @return  The name of the symbol, if the symbol was found, @c NULL if not.
     */
    const char* resolveSymbol(const InstructionInfo& info, uint64_t address,
        uint64_t& offset) const;
protected:
    /**
     * @brief   Override this method to implement a custom disassembly syntax. Use the
     *          @c outputAppend and @c outputAppendFormatted methods to fill the internal
     *          string buffer.
     * @param   info    The instruction info.
     */
    virtual void internalFormatInstruction(const InstructionInfo& info);
    /**
     * @brief   Default constructor.
     */
    BaseInstructionFormatter();
    /**
     * @brief   Constructor.
     * @param   symbolResolver  Pointer to a symbol resolver instance or @c NULL, if no smybol
     *                          resolver should be used.
     */
    explicit BaseInstructionFormatter(BaseSymbolResolver* symbolResolver);
public:
    /**
     * @brief   Destructor.
     */
    virtual ~BaseInstructionFormatter();
public:
    /**
     * @brief   Formats a decoded instruction.
     * @param   info    The instruction info.
     * @return  Pointer to the formatted instruction string.
     */
    const char* formatInstruction(const InstructionInfo& info);
public:
    /**
     * @brief   Returns a pointer to the current symbol resolver.
     * @return  Pointer to the current symbol resolver or @c NULL, if no symbol resolver is used.
     */
    BaseSymbolResolver* getSymbolResolver() const;
    /**
     * @brief   Sets a new symbol resolver.
     * @param   symbolResolver  Pointer to a symbol resolver instance or @c NULL, if no smybol
     *                          resolver should be used.
     */
    void setSymbolResolver(BaseSymbolResolver* symbolResolver);
};

inline void BaseInstructionFormatter::outputSetUppercase(bool uppercase)
{
    m_outputUppercase = uppercase;
}

inline char const* BaseInstructionFormatter::registerToString(Register reg) const
{
    if (reg == Register::NONE)
    {
        return "error";
    }
    return m_registerStrings[static_cast<uint16_t>(reg) - 1];
}

inline char const* BaseInstructionFormatter::resolveSymbol(const InstructionInfo& info,
    uint64_t address, uint64_t& offset) const
{
    if (m_symbolResolver)
    {
        return m_symbolResolver->resolveSymbol(info, address, offset);
    }
    return nullptr;
}

inline BaseSymbolResolver* BaseInstructionFormatter::getSymbolResolver() const
{
    return m_symbolResolver;
}

inline void BaseInstructionFormatter::setSymbolResolver(
    BaseSymbolResolver* symbolResolver)
{
    m_symbolResolver = symbolResolver;
}

/* IntelInstructionFormatter ==================================================================== */

/**
 * @brief   Intel syntax instruction formatter.
 */
class IntelInstructionFormatter : public BaseInstructionFormatter
{
private:
    /**
     * @brief   Appends an operand cast to the output string buffer.
     * @param   operand The operand.
     */
    void outputAppendOperandCast(const OperandInfo& operand);
    /**
     * @brief   Formats the specified operand and appends the resulting string to the output
     *          buffer.
     * @param   info    The instruction info.
     * @param   operand The operand.
     */
    void formatOperand(const InstructionInfo& info, const OperandInfo& operand);
protected:
    /**
     * @brief   Fills the internal string buffer with an intel style formatted instruction string.
     * @param   info    The instruction info.
     */
    void internalFormatInstruction(const InstructionInfo& info) override;
public:
    /**
     * @brief   Default constructor.
     */
    IntelInstructionFormatter();
    /**
     * @brief   Constructor.
     * @param   symbolResolver  Pointer to a symbol resolver instance or @c NULL, if no smybol
     *                          resolver should be used.
     */
    explicit IntelInstructionFormatter(BaseSymbolResolver* symbolResolver);
    /**
     * @brief   Destructor.
     */
    ~IntelInstructionFormatter() override;
};

/* ============================================================================================== */

}

#endif /* _ZYDIS_INSTRUCTIONFORMATTER_HPP_ */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Welcome to Cox And Son Roofing, Inc.
Cox and Son Roofing Inc. is a family owned business that has been proudly serving the Tri-State Area since 1970 being fully licensed and insured in North Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee.
Our business has been the cornerstone of the Roofing Industry in several counties for over 47 years, and is still continuing to provide quality service, and quality craftsmanship at an affordable price.
We provide commercial and residential roofing, emergency repairs, and a full range of roofing services.
We are fully licensed and insured in North Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee and are continually striving to maintain the highest amount of safety for both our employees and clients.


Our lives get imprinted with people. Some leave an everlasting mark, a wound that never completely heals, a scar that throbs at their mention and reopens in their presence. Others are remembered as a warm ray of sunlight on one's face.
This is how I want to be remembered: In spite of everything, she really tried to be nice and believed other people did too. You can go ahead and put that on my gravestone.


For all the pretty women out there, the weekend is around the corner, and so are the weekend parties. And these parties are the best places for all of you to look stunning. You must be agreeing with us! So, wait no more and take out all you have in your wardrobe to look an icon this weekend. In case you've been wondering what to wear, keep your worries at bay, as we have come up with some smashing fashion ideas.
We all are aware of the versatility of classic Tango dance which can be seen regularly on stage or on TV. Along with that,the Tango fashion has captivated the glamor world in its own unique way. How about the trendy Tango dresses, skirts and tops for a glamorous evening? If you're contemplating which style to show off this weekend, then here is a list of Tango attires that will add a wow factor to your weekend evenings. Keep reading.
Floral skirts with slit - Your love for floral prints will increase if you clad yourself in a floral printed skirt with slit. Yes, this chic and trendy Tango outfit will accentuate your beauty and make you look like a diva. So, tie your hair up, wear that floral skirt with slit and enjoy all the attention at the party!
Classic black dresses with slit - Everything else is at one side and the look of a black dress is on the other. If you love black dresses then here is one classic outfit for your perfect evening. Whether you want to dance all night or opt to go out on a weekend date with your beloved, whatever be the occasion, select the classic black dress and look ravishing.
Digital print skirt with slit - Do you want to look different from the rest? Go for the digital prints that have taken the fashion industry by storm. Look a stunner at the weekend party by wearing a digital printed Tango skirt along with a perfect halter neck black top. Style your skirt with a choker neckpiece or stunning earrings.
Polka dot skirt - Polka dots are something that can never go out of fashion. How about displaying something very common and yet stand out in the crowd? With the polka dotted Tango skirt, you can't go unnoticed. Try one to witness the appreciation on your own.
Flow skirt in satin - It's that time of the week again where you'll party with your friends and shake a leg or two. And for this, the Tango flow skirt is the perfect wear. The satin material comes with a natural sheen that adds glamor to your overall look.
Are you already in the mood to party? Make sure you've got the above-mentioned dresses to make a stunning appearance. Coleccion Berlin is one of the leading online stores offering Argentine Tango dresses for sale. So, visit their website and start shopping now!


Starting a small business can be as challenging as it is exciting, and it comes with a large number of potential risks and rewards. Some experts claim that up to half of all new small businesses will fail within the first year of operation, but your new small business doesn't need to be another statistic. While you probably already have a strong idea of what you want your small business to be, there are some easy steps that you can take to make your chances of success even higher. Here are a few ideas to help you get started.
First of all, make a very clear budget and prioritize spending on things that are absolutely essential. You shouldn't expect to get paid for at least the first two years, so consider your own ability to support yourself on your savings. Don't waste money on extras like luxury office furniture, trips, or other non-essential items. Instead, make a clear list of what needs to be purchased, then find the best price for those items.
While it is tempting to do everything yourself so that you can save more money, don't be afraid to hire professionals when necessary. Doing so can actually save you a lot of money in the long run. For example, if you need contract management solutions, don't just try to do it yourself. Instead, find a company with a proven track record like Cobblestone Systems to assist you. Similarly, make sure that you have a lawyer and accountant on hand to help you with any legal or tax-related matters. Some things are too important to your small business to take chances with.
Once you've got your small business up and running, don't pass by opportunities to network and get your brand name out in the public. Look into joining your local chamber of commerce and meet some of your fellow small business owners. Don't forget social media, which can help to introduce your company to a wide audience for very little or no cost at all. Find out if there are any opportunities in your area for in-person networking, or join online groups to meet colleagues in the virtual world. Both will present many opportunities to help you grow your business.
Your new small business deserves your best efforts. With hard work, smart planning, and some help, you can succeed.


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text:
Kendrick Lamar Skipped A Key Lyric During His Super Bowl Halftime Performance
You're not the only one who noticed "Alright" sounded different.
Wally Skalij/Los Angeles Times/Getty Images
If Kendrick Lamar's "Alright" sounded a little bit off during the 2022 Super Bowl Halftime Show, you're not the only who noticed. While performing the 2015 track during the Feb. 13 show, Lamar omitted the line "We hate po-po." Instead, he sang, "We hate," waited a beat, and then continued on to the next verse, "Wanna kill us dead in the street fo sho." This wasn't the only word missing from the popular song, but other omissions were standard for a network broadcast.
Due to the camera angle, it's hard to tell whether or not Lamar mouthed the line or left it out entirely. But he has skipped the lyric for certain performances before (more on that later), so it seems likely that was the case here too. Either way, many Twitter users felt the lyric's absence was conspicuous, given its ties to the Black Lives Matter movement.
According to the New York Post, rumors swirled ahead of the big game that Dr. Dre was unhappy with attempts to control certain parts of his performance. Specifically, the paper cited a Puck report that claimed Dr. Dre felt "disgustingly censored" and that the NFL was worried about the lyric "still not loving police" in "Still D.R.E." As you can see in the footage of the full halftime show (at 13:00), Dr. Dre ultimately included the line. But the missing "po-po" moment at 8:45 gave viewers plenty of pause.
This is not the first time "Alright" has been altered for a live performance. As reported by MTV, Lamar changed the "po-po" line (and, obviously, several expletives) when he sang the song at the White House in 2016. He also sang a slightly different version of the track at the 2016 Grammys. However, it's still frustrating to see claims that the NFL pressured its performers into changing their work.
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