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Tag Archives: The Bangladesh Investor Initiative
Are We Making Progress? Considering Recent News About "Apparel Fashion and Sustainability" — and the Investor Initiative to Help Make East Asian Factory Workers Safer and Better Paid…
Posted on May 4, 2018 by Hank Boerner
by Hank Boerner – Chair, G&A Institute
In monitoring the growing abundance of news stories and commentary about "supply chain," "globalization" or "trade" topics and issues, our editors often see the focus is on apparel, clothing, textiles, fashion, and related topics & issues.
Companies in the developed economies widely source apparel footwear and related items in the developing and under-developed nations – and what happens there can quickly make news that travels around the globe.
Example: The focus five years ago about this time was on the East Asian nation of Bangladesh and the Rana Plaza vertical factory tragedy in the capital city of Dhaka (or Dacca) that killed more than 1,000 garment industry workers. The labels of leading western nation marketers were scattered about the debris and ashes — and those familiar brand images as well as images of the collapsed building and details of the tragedy helped to focus attention on worker conditions in the East Asian region in both North America and Europe.
The Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility (ICCR) investor coalition is keeping the focus on worker safety as the "Bangladesh Accord on Fire and Safety" is renewed for another three years.
ICCR institutions and their investor allies organized as "The Bangladesh Investor Initiative" (with collective AUM of US$4.5 trillion) on the 5th anniversary are urging a stronger corporate response and demonstrated commitment to local worker safety and adequate wage levels. The link to our blog commentary on recent developments and background information for companies and investors is below.
Some good news to share is that sustainability is catching on in the fashion industry. The uber fashion magazine from publishers Conde Nast – Vogue, with more than one million readers — just published a story about the embrace of "eco-friendly" fashion, spotlighting "the best designers of a new generation are stitching sustainability into everything they do…"
"While sustainability has long been considered a "byword for hemp-heavy bohemia," writer Olivia Singer explains, "a new generation of designers is building brands with a more conscious approach to fashion at their core."
Fabrics are sourced through collectives in India empowering female weavers as just one example. In the article designers explain why sustainability is important to their brands (Richard Malone, Le Kilt, Elliss, E.L.V. Denim, Alyx, Marine Serre, Richard Quinn are featured interviews).
A number of creative approaches being adopted by the designers is explained — just think about the contribution to global sustainability of turning recycled plastics and viscose into yarn and fringing, using organic cotton as well as recycled polyester for "new" fashions, creating ECONYL from fishnets to make swimwear, and using recycled cotton and plastics as part of the effort of making sustainability a "pillar of luxury".
The encouraging details are in our Top Story this week – a cautionary note: some of the fashion photos are edgy and might offend.
The Young Designers Pioneering A Sustainable Fashion Revolution
(Thursday – April 26, 2018) Source: Vogue – While eco-friendly fashion has never had particularly glamorous connotations, the best designers of a new generation are stitching sustainability into everything they do.
And of interest, our own related content on G&A's Sustainability Update Blog: The Bangladesh Garment Factory Workers Tragedy and Investor and Corporate Response Five Years On…
Posted in Business & Society, Corporate Citizenship, Corporate Responsibility, ESG Issues, Human Rights, SDGs, Shareowner Activism, SRI, Supply Chain, Sustainability Professionals	| Tagged Alyx, Apparel, Bangladesh, clothing, E.L.V. Denim, ECONYL, Elliss, fashion, ICCR, Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility, Le Kilt, Marine Serre, Olivia Singer, Rana Plaza, Richard Malone, Richard Quinn, Textiles, The Bangladesh Investor Initiative, Vogue magazine, "Bangladesh Accord on Fire and Safety"	| Leave a reply
The Bangladesh Garment Factory Workers Tragedy — and Investor and Corporate Response Five Years On
Posted on April 25, 2018 by Hank Boerner
We are five years on from the Rana Plaza "Savar" five-story factory building collapse and fire that killed more than 1,000 garment workers in Dhaka (Dacca), the crowded capital city of Bangladesh. (The accident was on April 24, 2013). In the ashes and debris there were the labels of prominent developed nations' apparel marketers. Reputations were at stake — "Reforms" discussions were immediately underway in Europe and North America.
The Europeans moved on with the "Bangladesh Accord on Fire and Safety" while in North America brand marketers were moving on "The Alliance on Bangladesh Safety."
Where are we today?
The Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility (ICCR) is keeping the accident and aftermath in the focus of the investment community and stakeholders. Yesterday ICCR (a coalition of 300-plus institutional members managing $400 billion AUM) and the group of allied investors issued a statement that helps to explain where we are.
About The Accord
Right after the building collapse, the Bangladesh Accord on Fire and Building Safety was created as a model for collective action by brand marketers and retailers that source in Bangladesh.
The Accord is now being extended (as the five-year deadline is reached in May) for another three years to complete the remediation of the 1,600 factories and companies that have not signed on (yet) are being invited by the investor coalition to become signatories and to implement the reforms spelled out in the Accord.
The Accord, the investors point out, is still serving as a model that can be adopted and applied to other at-risk countries and sectors.
The Bangladesh Investor Initiative – led by ICCR – was a catalyst that brought together 250 institutional investors with US$4.5 trillion in AUM in May 2013 to urge a stronger corporate response to the Rana Plaza tragedy, including urging companies to sign on to the Accord.
The coalition invited companies to commit to strengthening local worker trade unions to ensure a "living wage" for all workers, and to engage with the Bangladesh government.
About the Accord:
Corporate signatories agree that global and local trade unions and NGOs could be invited to inspect the country's apparel factories and implement reforms to protect workers.
Companies were asked for transparencies in publicly disclosing their suppliers – including those located in the nation of Bangladesh.
Worker grievance mechanisms and effective remedies (including compensation) should be put in place for all workers and their families.
The investor coalition argued that supply chain transparency is critical to safeguarding workers and employer responsibility – including information on sub-contractors.
Note that the Accord is legally-binding for signatories.
Making the Case
Lauren Compere, Managing Director of Boston Common Asset Management makes the case for companies: "Stakeholders, including investors, rely on transparency as a tool for evaluating corporate performance on a range of social, environmental and corporate governance issues. The Accord has been very transparent in requiring disclosure of each of the 1,600 companies it covers, which helps investors track progress. This is a 'best practice' that all companies need to implement, beginning with Tier One suppliers, then throughout their supply chain."
Progress Report – 5 Years On
To date, 220 brands and retailers have signed on to the original Accord. Remediation plans have made 2.5 million workers in "Accord factories" have been made "meaningfully safer". A steering committee made up of an equal number of brand and union representatives and a neutral chair from the International Labor Organization govern the Accord.
The Accord provided for in-depth health and safety training to personnel in 846 factories, reaching 1.9 million workers. A grievance process is in place; to date, there have been 183 worker complaints investigated and resolved.
Detailed information is required for each factory.
The Rana Plaza Donors Trust Fund has been established to compensate workers injured in the collapse and families of workers who were killed (note that Bangladesh has no national employment injury system). $30 million has been raised to date; companies sourcing garment/apparel work in the country were asked to contribute; 30 companies did so, along with several union funds and foundations. The ILO is the trustee and oversees distributions.
The investor coalition is pleased with the progress made to date – but stresses that there is much work still be done (therefore the 3-year extension is necessary). "The job of mediating all of the issue is far from done and we will continue to urge those companies that have not signed on to the 2018 Accord and its three-year extension to do so."
The New Elements to the Accord
The 2018 Transition Accord has gathered140 signatory companies to date, with 1,332 factories covered. The new elements include:
Safety Committee & Safety Training at all covered factories;
Training and Complaints Protocol on Freedom of Association;
Severance payments for affected workers in factory closures and relocations.
Voluntary expansion of the scope to include home textiles; fabric and knit accessories;
Transition of Accord functions to a national regulatory body.
We'll bring you updates as the Transition to the new Accord continues.
About the Nation of Bangladesh
Located in Southeast Asia, the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the world's 8th most populous country, according to Wikipedia (163 million estimated). It was once part of "British India" until East Bengal became part of the Dominion of Pakistan, was re-named East Pakistan and then became independent in the early -1970s. It is characterized as a "developing country," one of the poorest, and trades with the USA, EU, China, Japan, India, and other nations. Per capita income was estimated at US$1,190 in 2014.
The largest industries are textiles and ready-made garments; leather-goods (footwear is the second largest in exports. Bangladesh is the second largest exporter of clothes in the world.
Notes / Information:
There's more information for you on the ICCR web site: www.iccr.org
Information about the Accord: http://bangladeshaccord.org/
The Accord Update for April is at: http://bangladeshaccord.org/wp-content/uploads/ACCORD_FACTSHEET_Apr2018.pdf
There's information for you in G&A Institute's "To the Point!" management briefing platform:
https://ga-institute.com/to-the-point/a-big-year-2018-for-developments-in-corporate-sustainability-sustainable-investing-the-two-halves-of-the-great-whole-of-the-new-norms-of-capitalism/
CNBC in commenting on the five year anniversary (on April 24) noted the factories still pose a life-threatening risk, with 3,000 of 7,000 factories endangering the lives of low-paid garment workers (according to a New York University Centre for Business and Human Rights Study).
The story is at: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/24/bangladesh-factories-still-pose-life-threatening-risks-five-years-on-from-rana-plaza-disaster.html
The NYU report authored by Paul M. Barrett, Dorothee Baumann-Pauly and April Gu is at: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/547df270e4b0ba184dfc490e/t/5ac9514eaa4a998f3f30ae13/1523143088805/NYU+Bangladesh+Rana+Plaza+Report.pdf
Human Rights Watch also weighed in with "Remember Rana Plaza: https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/04/24/remember-rana-plaza
Posted in Business & Society, Corporate Responsibility, Human Rights, Shareowner Activism, Supply Chain	| Tagged 2018 Transition Accord, Apparel Industry, April Gu, Bangladesh, Bangladesh Accord on Fire and Building Safety, Boston Common Asset Management, CNBC, Dorothee Baumann-Pauly, human rights, Human Rights Watch, ICCR, ILO, Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility, International Labour Organization, Lauren Compere, New York University, NYU, NYU Centre for Business and Human Rights Study, Paul M. Barrett, People's Republic of Bangladesh, Rana Plaza, shareholder activism, Supply Chain, The Alliance on Bangladesh Safety, The Bangladesh Investor Initiative, The Rana Plaza Donors Trust Fund, Worker Rights	| Leave a reply


Along with thirty four other students from around New Zealand, I embarked on the Spirit of New Zealand on the 23rd of June. We left on The Ten Day Youth Development Voyage (as the trip is called) on the 24th of June, from Auckland and spent the ten days sailing around the Hauraki Gulf, including out to Great Barrier Island.
I was encouraged to go on The Spirit of Adventure by a family friend who said it was a great experience, and when I asked Mr Parsons (teacher) about the possibility of going on the ship, he went out of his way to help me go on it. I heard the fancy title (Ten Day Youth Development Voyage) and thought it was just a title, but I was proved wrong.
The Spirit of New Zealand helped improve my teamwork (which is necessary when helping others to raise a sail), leadership skills (if you were in charge of raising a sail, you had to step back and confidently tell others what to do), communication skills and helped me to relate to others.
All of the crew were incredibly friendly and very happy to help you with anything, and they did their utmost to include all the trainees in every possible decision.
I thoroughly enjoyed my time on The Spirit of New Zealand, and my highlights were sailing to Great Barrier Island, honing my navigation skills, seeing Dolphins, climbing the mast and Trainee Day (the final day of the Voyage, when the 35 trainees get to take control of the ship).
I highly recommend the trip, and encourage all students to think about going on it, as I will certainly be looking to go back.
The generosity of Rotary, The John Crawford Memorial Trust, Logan Park's Student Council and Logan Park High School made going on this trip a lot easier and I would like to thank all of them for their kind contribution.


This is a modern parable that reminds us of what it means to be a light in this dark world.
Mary sat at the counter as she opened the small manila envelope and found a DVD and a note. She hadn't taken the time before to look at the return address but now she was curious. Written in what appeared to be a black marker was simply Kalil, and a strange address that said Saudi Arabia. She hurried to the dvd player and put the disc in as she thought about Tony in Saudi Arabia. Tony had left again about a month before and all he had shared was that this time he would go to Saudi Arabia and that it would be ok. Her heart leapt in her chest as the video started to play and Tony came into view. He was on his knees with his arms behind his back and there was a masked man on either side of him as well as one behind him. She heard his voice and it was just as calm as if he had been sitting on the sofa beside her. "You are willing to kill for your faith; I'm only willing to die for mine. Father forgive them." Those were the last words before the sword connected and mercifully the images stopped.
I am so sorry that you had to give up your husband in this way. I wanted to let you know that, because of what he said, I knew that the things he had told me about Jesus were true. While he waited to die, your husband helped me to pray and ask Jesus to be my savior. I didn't want to hold him while they killed him but, if I had not, they would have killed me and my entire family as well. Tony told me to go ahead and that he understood. I hope to meet you someday and thank you in person but for now this is the best I could do.
As she finished reading the note, her tears mixed with those of Kalil and once again the note was wet. In the days that followed, she could not get 1 John 3:16 out of her mind and she found a peace in remembering that Tony always said that we were called to be like Jesus.


text:
\section{Introduction and Results}
The search for simple model equations embodying
some of the features of fluid turbulence prompted
Burgers to propose his famous nonlinear diffusion
equation \cite{burgers}
\begin{equation}
{\partial u\over\partial t} + u
{\partial\over\partial x}u =
\nu_o {\partial ^2 u\over\partial x^2} + f(x,t)
\label{burg}
\end{equation}
in one space dimension, where $\nu_0$ is a
``viscosity'' and $f$ a forcing function. The
unique properties of (\ref{burg}), particularly
the Cole-Hopf transformation \cite{burgers} that
linearises it, together with its obvious formal
similarity to the Navier-Stokes equation, have
led to many studies \cite{burgulence,hayot} shedding
some light on real fluid turbulence. Turbulence
in {\em plasmas} is believed to be described by
the equations of magnetohydrodynamics \cite{mont} in three
dimensions (3$d$MHD) for the coupled
evolution of the velocity field ${\bf u}$ and the
magnetic field ${\bf B}$. In 3$d$MHD, the
Navier-Stokes equation for an incompressible fluid is modified by the
inclusion of electromagnetic stresses:
\begin{equation}
{\partial {\bf u}\over \partial t}+ {\bf
u}.\nabla {\bf u}=-{\nabla p\over \rho} +{(\nabla
\times {\bf B})\times {\bf B}\over\ 4\pi \rho} +\nu \nabla^2 {\bf u}
+{\bf f}_u
\label{mhdu}
\end{equation}
with $\nabla \bf .u=0$; and Amp\`ere's law for a conducting
fluid becomes
\begin{equation}
{\partial {\bf B}\over\partial t}+{\bf u.\nabla
B}={\bf B.\nabla u} +\mu \nabla^2 {\bf B} +
{\bf f}_b.
\label{mhdb}
\end{equation}
In (\ref{mhdu}) and (\ref{mhdb}), $\rho$ is the fluid
density, $p$ is the pressure, $\mu$ is the ``magnetic
viscosity'', arising from the nonzero resistivity
of the plasma, $\nu$ is the
kinematic viscosity and $\bf f_u$ and $\bf f_b$ are forcing functions.
Since the MHD equations are distinctly more complicated
than the Navier-Stokes equation, a  toy model, whose relation to
the MHD equations is the same as that of the Burgers equation
to the Navier-Stokes equation, should be very welcome.

The first attempt in this direction \cite{thomas} lacked cross-helicity
conservation. The $1d$ model with all the {\em scalar}
conservation laws of $3d$MHD is that
due to Fleischer and Diamond \cite{flei}. Their
equations, however, have been in the
literature for some time now in a different context.
For the case where the mean magnetic
field $b_0 = 0$, the equations are those of the
Erta\c{s}-Kardar \cite{er} model of drifting lines. For the general
case $b_0 \neq 0$, they are the coupled equations, for the displacements
along and normal to the drift direction, of the one-dimensional reduced
model of Lahiri and Ramaswamy \cite{rlsr} for a crystalline lattice
moving through a dissipative medium.
This surprising relation arises from an exact correspondence between
the symmetries of these equations and those of the $1d$MHD
equations \cite{flei} with and without $b_0 = 0$.
The relation between the velocity and magnetic fields in \cite{flei}
and the displacement fields in \cite{er,rlsr} is precisely
the same as that between the height in the KPZ equation \cite{kpz}
and the velocity in (\ref{burg}).

Reduced models are useful if they allow one
to answer a question of principle. We use the $1d$MHD model to show that
the form of the energy spectrum in MHD with a mean magnetic field
should be the same as that without one, contrary to a claim by Kraichnan
\cite{krai}. We also explore the scaling and multiscaling
properties of the model equations in the presence of stochastic forcing.
For a temporally white noise source with variance
$\propto k^{-y + 3}$ at small wavenumbers
$k$, we find ``sweeping'' divergences for $y \geq 3$ and,
within perturbative and renormalisation-group analyses, we show that
the effective
kinematic and magnetic viscosities are equal at long wavelengths.
Specifically for $y = 4$,
as is appropriate \cite{burgulence,hayot} for a study of $1d$ turbulence, we find within a
scaling treatment that
the energy spectrum $E(k) \sim k^{-5/3}$ and the dynamic
exponent $z = 2/3$.
We show also
that the multiscaling properties of the model should be precisely
the same as that of a Burgers equation with the same driving \cite{hayot}.
Lastly, we correct a claim \cite{cam} in the literature
regarding the role of cross-correlations between the noise
sources in the velocity and magnetic-field equations.

\section{Symmetries, equations of motion, and noise statistics}
Let us remind the reader of the ``derivation''
of the $1d$MHD equations \cite{flei} emphasising some points
which we feel are important and are missing in ref. \cite{flei}.
The structure of the $1d$ model is determined by
the invariances of the MHD equations.  (i) The
velocity and magnetic fields are polar and
axial vectors respectively. For a model in one space
dimension with one-component fields $u(x)$ for the
velocity and $b(x)$ for the magnetic field
this implies evolution equations which are invariant
under $x \rightarrow -x$ together with $u
\rightarrow -u$, with $b \rightarrow b$. (ii) The MHD equations
are Galileian-invariant, so our $1d$ model must
be unchanged under $x = x' + u_0 t', \, t = t',\,
u(x,t) = u'(x',t') + u_0,\,b(x,t)=b'(x',t')$ for any constant $u_0$.
(iii) The $1d$ equations, like the $3d$
originals, must have the ``conservation law''
form $\partial_t(\,\,) = \nabla . (\,\,)$.
(iv) The equations, in the absence of the diffusion
terms, must conserve the ``energy''
\begin{equation}
\label{energy}
{\cal E} \equiv \int (u^2+\beta b^2) dx
\end{equation}
for some constant $\beta$.
To leading orders in gradients and bilinear
order in fields, the most general $1d$ MHD model
consistent with these requirements \cite{flei} is \footnote{The choice of
bookkeeping coefficients in the equations as presented in \cite{flei}
seems unnatural to us. Galileian invariance requires equality
of the coefficients of $u\partial_x u$ and $\partial_x (ub)$,
while that of $b\partial_x b$ can be left entirely arbitrary.}
\begin{mathletters}
\begin{eqnarray}
{\partial u\over\partial t} +
\lambda_2 b_0 {\partial b\over
\partial x} +  \lambda_1
u{\partial u\over\partial x} +
\lambda_2 b{\partial b\over
\partial x} &=& \nu_o {\partial ^2 u\over \partial
x^2} + f_u,
\label{mhd1du} \\
{\partial b\over\partial t} +  \lambda_1 b_0
{\partial\over\partial x} u   + \lambda_1
{\partial\over\partial x} (ub) &=& \mu_o {\partial
^2 b\over
\partial x^2} + f_b.
\label{mhd1db}
\end{eqnarray}
\label{mhd1d}
\end{mathletters}
Integrating (\ref{mhd1d}) once with respect
to $x$, one finds that $\int_x u$ and $\int_x b$ obey
the equations of Erta\c{s} and Kardar \cite{er} for drifting
lines when $b_o = 0$, and those of Lahiri and Ramaswamy \cite{rlsr}
for sedimenting lattices  when $b_o \neq 0$. This transformation
of variables is the same as that which takes one from the Burgers
equation to the KPZ \cite{kpz} equation.

In (\ref{mhd1d}), the constant $b_o$ is the ``mean magnetic field'',
$\nu$ and $\mu$ are the kinematic and magnetic viscosities,
and $f_u$ and $f_b$ are forcing
functions.  $\lambda_1$ can always be rescaled to
unity but is retained for book-keeping purposes. $\lambda_2$ is
arbitrary, and all statements made in this paper hold independent of
its value \cite{flei}.
It is straightforward to show that the equations, in the absence of
the diffusion terms, conserve the energy-like quantity ${\cal E}$
defined in  eq.(\ref{energy}), for $\beta=\lambda_2/\lambda_1$, as well as
$\int_x ub$, the analogue in $d = 1$ of the cross helicity
($\int_x {\bf u}.{\bf B}$) \cite{mont}, and that the model of
\cite{thomas} does not conserve the latter. A third conserved quantity,
the magnetic helicity $\int {\bf A}.{\bf B}$, where $\bf A$ is the
vector potential, has no analogue in $d = 1$.
It is important to note that for $b_o$=0
the equations have a higher symmetry than for $b_0 \neq 0$. For
both $b_0 = 0$ and $b_0 \neq 0$, they are of course invariant under
$x\rightarrow -x, u\rightarrow -u$, $b\rightarrow b$, as
imposed by the transformation properties of the fields. For
$b_0 = 0$, they are {\em in addition} invariant under
$x\rightarrow -x, u\rightarrow -u$, $b\rightarrow -b$.
For $\lambda_1\lambda_2 > 0$, in the linear approximation
at small wavenumber $k$, as discussed in \cite{rlsr}, the
equations (\ref{mhd1d}) have a wavelike response with
frequency $\omega=\pm \sqrt{\lambda_1 \lambda_2 b_o ^2}$.
These are the $1d$ analogue of Alfv\'{e}n waves \cite{mont,flei}.
The linearly unstable case
$\lambda_1\lambda_2 <0$ \cite{rlsr} will not be considered here
since the corresponding possibility is unphysical in the
context of the $3d$MHD equations (\ref{mhdu}) and (\ref{mhdb}).

Since we wish to study turbulence in (\ref{mhd1d}),
we shall take the forcing terms $f_u, \, f_b$ to be
zero-mean Gaussian noise sources with covariance specified
below. The properties of $u$ and $b$ under $x\rightarrow -x$
and the reality of $f_u(x,t)$ and $f_b(x,t)$ imply that
$<f_u(k,0)f_u(-k,t)>$ and $<f_b(k,0)f_b(-k,t)>$ are real and even
in $k$ while, crucially, $<f_u(k,0)f_b(-k,t)>$ (if nonzero) is odd in $k$
and purely imaginary. In general, therefore,
\begin{mathletters}
\begin{eqnarray}
<f_u(k,0)f_u(k',t)> &=&  A_u(|k|) \delta (k+k^{\prime}) \delta(t)
\label{noiseu}
\\
<f_b(k,0)f_b(k',t)> &=&  A_b(|k|) \delta (k+k^{\prime}) \delta(t)
\label{noiseb}
\\
<f_u(k,0)f_b(-k,t)> &=& i k C(|k|) \delta (k+k^{\prime}) \delta(t),
\label{noiseub}
\end{eqnarray}
\label{noisebub}
\end{mathletters}
where $A_u, \, A_b$ and $C$ are {\em real} functions.
By strict analogy with the random stirring approach in $d=3$
\cite{dedom,orz} and $1d$ Burgers turbulence \cite{hayot} we choose
\begin{equation}
\label{epsu}
A_u(k) = {\epsilon_u \over |k|}
\end{equation}
\noindent so that the noise strength $\epsilon_u$ has the units
of the dissipation parameter, i.e. (length)$^2$/(time)$^3$.
$\langle f_u f_b \rangle$ and $\langle f_b f_b \rangle$ can be taken to
be zero or at any rate no more singular than $\langle f_u f_u \rangle$
without altering any of our main conclusions. A self-consistent treatment
starting with only a nonzero $\langle f_uf_u \rangle$ will generate $\langle f_uf_b \rangle$
and $\langle f_b f_b \rangle$ as well. In that sense, contrary to the statements
in \cite{flei}, the case where only one of the equations has
a bare noise is not physically distinct from that where both noises
are non-zero.
For convenience in carrying out bare perturbation theory,
however, we take all components of the noise covariance
to be as singular as $\langle f_u f_u \rangle$:
\begin{eqnarray}
A_b(|k|) = {\epsilon_b \over |k|}
\label{epsb}
\\
k C(|k|) = {\epsilon_{ub} \over k}
\label{epsub}
\label{epsbub}
\end{eqnarray}
Note that it is $1/k$ and not $1/|k|$ that appears on the
right-hand side of (\ref{epsub}).
We now use the reduced equations (\ref{mhd1d}) to obtain
the results advertised in the Introduction.

\section{Energy spectrum and the role of a mean magnetic field}

Does the presence of a mean magnetic field $b_0$ affect
the energy spectrum $E(k)$ at wavenumber $k$ in MHD turbulence?
It has been argued \cite{krai} that if $b_0 \neq 0$
then (i) the dissipation $\epsilon$ must be proportional
to the Alfv\'en wave propagation time $1/c k$,
where $c$ is the wavespeed; (ii) $\epsilon$  must depend,
apart from this, only on $k$ and $E(k)$; and (iii) as
a result of energy conservation and a local-cascade picture,
$\epsilon$ must be independent of $k$. Taken together, these
imply \cite{krai} that $E(k) \sim k^{-3/2}$, while for $b_0 =0$
the usual Kolmogorov arguments yield $k^{-5/3}$.

The questionable
assumption in the foregoing analysis is that the wave-propagation
time sets the scale for the dynamics.
In what follows, we test that assumption in the $1d$MHD (\ref{mhd1d})
model since the above arguments,
if correct, should apply there as well.
We show below explicitly that the presence of a nonzero wavespeed
leaves the equal-time correlations unchanged at small $k$.
We begin by rewriting (\ref{mhd1d}) in terms of
the Els\"asser \cite{els} variables
\begin{equation}
\label{z+-}
z^{\pm}={u \pm \sqrt \lambda_2 b\over\sqrt{1+\lambda_2}}.
\end{equation}
As has already been noted in \cite{er,rlsr}, the equations for $z^+$
and $z^-$ decouple completely \cite{flei} at
small wavenumbers \footnote{The decoupling is demonstrated in \cite{flei}
for zero mean magnetic field, with equal magnetic and kinematic
viscosities. Our treatment is somewhat more general.}:
\begin{mathletters}
\begin{eqnarray}
{\partial z^+\over\partial t} - b_o\partial_x z^+ +
{1\over\ 2}{\sqrt{1+\lambda_2}\over\ 2}
\partial_x {z^+}^2=D\partial_{xx}z^+ + \ldots + f^+ ;
\label{eqz+}
\\
{\partial z^-\over\partial t} + b_o\partial_x z^- +
{1\over\ 2}{\sqrt{1+\lambda_2}\over\ 2}
\partial_x {z^-}^2=D\partial_{xx}z^- + \ldots + f^-,
\label{eqz-}
\end{eqnarray}
\label{eqz+-}
\end{mathletters}
\noindent with
\begin{equation}
\label{f+-}
f^{\pm}={f_u \pm \sqrt \lambda_2 f_b\over\sqrt{1+\lambda_2}},
\end{equation}
where we have set $\lambda_1$ to unity, $D=(\mu+\nu)/2$,
and the ellipsis
refers to reactive (i.e., nondissipative)
terms proportional to $\nu - \mu$, subdominant in wavenumber
relative to the leading Alfv\'en wave terms $\propto b_0$.
It therefore suffices to study the case $\nu = \mu = D$.
In (\ref{eqz+}) and (\ref{eqz-}), the wave terms
$\propto b_0$ can be absorbed by opposite Galileian boosts,
$x \rightarrow x - b_0 t$, and $x \rightarrow x + b_0 t$
respectively. Each equation can therefore be studied independently,
at small wavenumber, as far as the autocorrelations of $z^+$ or
$z^-$ are concerned.
However, the correlations of the physical fields $u$ and $b$
involve correlations $\langle z^+ z^- \rangle$ (which
are nonzero because $\langle f^+ f^- \rangle \neq 0$).
Some care must be taken while evaluating these, as we will
show in detail below.
Since
\begin{equation}
u = {\sqrt{1 + \lambda_2} \over 2}(z^+ + z^-)
\label{uz}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
b = {\sqrt{1 + \lambda_2} \over 2 \sqrt{\lambda_2}}(z^+ - z^-)
\label{bz}
\end{equation}
we see that
\begin{eqnarray}
\langle u(k,t) u(-k,0) \rangle = {{1 + \lambda_2} \over 4}
[\langle z^+(k,t)z^+(-k,t)\rangle +\langle z^-(k,t)z^-(-k,t)\rangle
+2Re(\langle z^+(k,t)z^-(-k,0)\rangle )] \\
\langle b(k,t) b(-k,0) \rangle = {{1 + \lambda_2} \over 4\lambda_2}
[\langle z^+(k,t)z^+(-k,t)\rangle +\langle z^-(k,t)z^-(-k,t)\rangle
-2\mbox{Re}(\langle z^+(k,t)z^-(-k,0)\rangle )]
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{equation}
\langle u(k,t)b(-k,0)\rangle={{1 + \lambda_2} \over 4\sqrt \lambda_2}
[\langle z^+(k,t)z^+(-k,t)\rangle-\langle z^-(k,t)z^-(-k,t)\rangle
-2\mbox{Im}(\langle z^+(k,t)z^-(-k,0)\rangle )]
\end{equation}

Let us define shifted coordinates
\begin{equation}
y_{\pm} = x \mp b_o t
\label{y+-}
\end{equation}
and ``comoving'' fields
\begin{equation}
\zeta^{\pm}(y_{\pm},t)\equiv\zeta^{\pm}(x\mp b_ot,t)=z^{\pm}(x,t).
\end{equation}
Then, Fourier transforming, we get
\begin{equation}
z^{\pm}(k,t)=e^{\mp ikb_ot}\zeta^{\pm}.
\end{equation}
The autocorrelations of $z^+$ and $\zeta^+$, as
well as those of $z^-$ and $\zeta^-$, are
related by travelling waves:
\begin{equation}
\label{zcorrpmpm}
\langle z^{\pm}(k,t)z^{\pm}(k',t')\rangle =
e^{\mp i kb_o(t-t')}\langle \zeta^{\pm}(k,t)\zeta^{\pm}(k',t')\rangle,
\end{equation}
while that between $z^+$ and $z^-$ has a phase factor
which depends on the {\em sum} of the time arguments:
\begin{equation}
\label{zcorr+-}
\langle z^+(k,t)z^-(k',t')\rangle =
e^{-i kb_o(t-t')}\langle \zeta^+(k,t)\zeta^-(k',t')\rangle.
\end{equation}
Defining
\begin{equation}
\label{lamtild}
\tilde{\lambda} \equiv {\sqrt{1 + \lambda_2} \over 2},
\end{equation}
we see that the fields $\zeta^{\pm}$ obey the Burgers equation
\begin{equation}
\partial_t \zeta_{\pm}+{\tilde{\lambda}\over\ 2}\partial_y \zeta_{\pm}^2
=D\partial_{yy} \zeta_{\pm}+\phi_{\pm}(y,t)
\label{zetabur}
\end{equation}
with noise correlations related to those of $f^+$ and $f^-$
in eq. (\ref{f+-}) by
\begin{equation}
\label{phi+phi+}
\langle \phi^+(k,t) \phi^+(k',t') \rangle =
\langle f^+(k,t) f^+(k',t') \rangle,
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\label{phi-phi-}
\langle \phi^-(k,t) \phi^-(k',t') \rangle =
\langle f^-(k,t) f^-(k',t') \rangle,
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\label{phi+phi-}
\langle \phi^+(k,t) \phi^-(k',t') \rangle =
e^{i k b_0 (t+t')} \langle f^+(k,t) f^-(k',t') \rangle.
\end{equation}
Despite the appearance of nonstationary phase factors in
the correlations $\langle \phi^+ \phi^- \rangle$ and
$\langle \zeta^+ \zeta^- \rangle$, as a result of
the time-dependent coordinate transformation,
all physical correlation functions
will of course be time-translation-invariant.
The autocorrelations $\langle \zeta^+ \zeta^+ \rangle$ and
$\langle \zeta^- \zeta^- \rangle$ are particularly
simple and entirely independent of the wavespeed $b_0$.
Thus the energy
spectrum which, for $\lambda_1 = 1$, is
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{espec}
E(k) &=& {1 \over 2} \int {\mbox{dk} \over 2 \pi}
\left [\langle |u(k)|^2 \rangle +
\lambda_2 \langle |b(k)|^2 \rangle \right ] \\
&=& {{1 + \lambda_2} \over 2}
\int {\mbox{dk} \over 2 \pi}
\left [\langle |z^+(k)|^2 \rangle +
\langle |z^-(k)|^2 \rangle \right ] \\
&=& {{1 + \lambda_2} \over 2}
\int {\mbox{dk} \over 2 \pi}
\left [\langle |\zeta^+(k)|^2 \rangle +
\langle |\zeta^-(k)|^2 \rangle \right ]
\end{eqnarray}
is therefore {\em identical} to that of the randomly
forced Burgers equation (\ref{zetabur}), which does not
contain the Alfv\'{e}n waves at all. This refutes the claim of
\cite{krai}, since the arguments in that work would, if correct,
have applied to the present model as well. This establishes
the assertion in the Introduction that a nonzero mean
magnetic field is irrelevant to a determination of
the energy spectrum of MHD turbulence. It is worth noting
that our result holds regardless of the nature of the
forcing (deterministic, stochastic, with or without
long-range correlations).

A demonstration that
{\em all} equal-time correlations in (\ref{mhd1d}) are
independent of $b_0$, requires
showing that $\langle z^+(k) z^-(-k) \rangle\/$ does
not involve the wavespeed. We establish this below
for sufficiently small wavenumber. We must assume in our
derivation that the long-wavelength behaviour of (\ref{zetabur})
is determined by a fixed point at which Galileian-invariance
prevents the nonlinear coupling in (\ref{zetabur}) from renormalising,
and at which higher-order nonlinearities are not relevant.
In that
case, the {\em renormalised} $\langle z^+(k) z^-(-k) \rangle\/$ correlation
function can be written in terms of the
{\em renormalised} propagator $G(k,t)$ of the randomly-forced Burgers
equation (\ref{zetabur}) and the (renormalised, in principle) correlator
$N_{+-}(k,t)$ of $f^+(k,t)$ with $f^-(-k,0)$ with appropriate
phase factors arising from the change of variables (\ref{y+-}):
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{S+-kt}
\langle z^+(k,t)z^-(k',t')\rangle &=&
e^{-i k b_o t + i k' b_o t'} \delta (k+k') \int_{-\infty}^t dt_1
\int_{-\infty}^{t'} dt_2
 G(k,t-t_1) N _{+-}(k,t_1 - t_2)
e^{ib_ok(t_1 +  t_2)}G (-k,t'-t_2) \\
&\equiv& S_{+-}(k,t-t')\delta(k+k')
\end{eqnarray}
Redefining $t - t_1 \rightarrow t_1$, $t' - t_2 \rightarrow t_2$, we
obtain the equal-time correlations
\begin{equation}
S_{+-}(k) = \int_0 ^{\infty} dt_1 \int_0 ^{\infty} dt_2
G(k,t_1)G(-k,t_2)e^{i k b_o (t_1 + t_2)} N_{+-}(k, t_2 - t_1)
\label{S+-k}
\end{equation}
Scaling tells us that
\begin{equation}
G(k,t)=\Gamma (k^zt)
\label{Gamma}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
N_{+-}(k,t)=k^z R_{+-}(k)\Gamma_N(k^zt)
\label{GammaN}
\end{equation}
where $z$ is the dynamic exponent for equations (\ref{zetabur}), i.e.,
without the wave terms, $\Gamma$ and $\Gamma_N$ are scaling functions,
and $R_{+-}(k)$ is the zero-frequency renormalised covariance
of $f^+$ and $f^-$. Defining $\tau_1 = k^z t_1$ and
$\tau_2 = k^z t_2$, we see that
\begin{equation}
S_{+-}(k) = R _{+-}(k)\int_0 ^{\infty} d \tau_1 \int_0^{\infty} d \tau_2
 \Gamma(\tau_1) \Gamma(\tau_2) \Gamma_N(\tau_1 - \tau_2)
e^{i(\tau_1 + \tau_2) b_o k^{1-z}}.
\label{S+-k2}
\end{equation}
Since the dynamic exponent governing the decay of correlations in
the Burgers equation with noise variance $\sim 1/k$ is known
\cite{hayot,burgulence} to be 2/3, the phase factor inside the integral
(\ref{S+-k2}) for small $k$ can be set to unity, i.e., the wavespeed
term drops out. This completes the demonstration
that equal-time correlations in MHD turbulence are independent
of the mean magnetic field\footnote{Even if we had a model with $z > 1$, say,
for a noise with vanishing variance at zero wavenumber, the contribution
from (\ref{S+-k2}) would be of the form (noise-strength/$b_ok$), while
those from the $z^+ z^+$ and  $z^- z^-$ would be of order
(noise-strength/$k^z$). The former, while in principle dependent
on the wavespeed, would be subdominant (since we are now considering
$z > 1$) to the latter.}.

\section{Scaling, renormalisation group and self-consistent
analyses for zero mean magnetic field}

Some general  observations will allow us to estimate the scaling exponents
for this $1d$MHD model. First the Galileian invariance mentioned before
implies that $\lambda_1$ will not renormalise. Secondly, the fact that $b_o$
can be eliminated completely from equation (\ref{z+-}) to give
equations (\ref{zetabur}) by the transformations $x\rightarrow x\pm b_o t$
means that $b_o$ cannot renormalise. Thirdly, the invariance of equations
(\ref{zetabur}) under the Galileian transformation $\zeta^{\pm}(x,t)=
\zeta^{\pm}(x+\lambda_2 u_ot,t)\pm u_o,$
 means that the
coupling strength $\lambda_2$ in equations
(\ref{zetabur}) cannot renormalise \footnote{This is another point
of similarity with $3d$MHD: In terms of the Els\"{a}sser \cite{els}
variables ${\bf z}^{\pm}$, the nonlinearity in the $3d$MHD equation
for ${\bf z}^+$ is  ${\bf z}^- . {\bf \nabla z}^+$, and that
in the equation for ${\bf z}^-$ is  ${\bf z}^+ . {\bf \nabla z}^-$.
The equations in this form have the Galileian invariance ${\bf z}^{\pm}
\rightarrow  {\bf z}^{\pm} + {\bf u}_o, \, {\bf r} \rightarrow
{\bf r} - {\bf u_o}t$ for any constant vector ${\bf u}_o$,
where ${\bf r}$ is the position coordinate. This guarantees that all
the vertices in $3d$MHD are unaffected by fluctuation-corrections at
zero wavenumber.}.

Thus, if we were to carry out a renormalisation-group
transformation by integrating out a shell of modes
$\Lambda e^{-\ell}<q<\Lambda$, and rescaling $x \rightarrow e^{\ell} x, \,
u \rightarrow e^{\ell \chi_u} u, \, b \rightarrow e^{\ell \chi_b} b, \,
t \rightarrow e^{\ell z} t)$,
the couplings $\lambda_1$ and $\lambda_2$ would be affected
only by the rescaling:
\begin{equation}
\lambda_1\rightarrow e^{\ell (\chi_u+z-1)}\lambda_1,
\lambda_2\rightarrow e^{\ell (2\chi_b-\chi_u+z-1)}\lambda_2.
\end{equation}
We can thus rescale to keep $\lambda_1$ and $\lambda_2$
fixed, giving
\begin{equation}
\chi_u=\chi_b=1-z.
\end{equation}
The noises sources $f_u$ and $f_b$ have variances (see equation(\ref{epsbub}))
which diverge at small wavenumber $k$. Since the nonlinear couplings are first
order in $k$, any renormalisation of $\epsilon_u, \epsilon_b$ and $\epsilon_{ub}$
will be of the form $k^2W(k,\omega)$ which vanishes for $k\rightarrow 0, \omega \neq 0$.
The noise is thus unrenormalised at small $k$ for any nonzero frequency.
If we extend this to say that the noise strength receives no fluctuation
corrections at all, then, under a renormalisation-group transformation, the
noise strength too is affected only by rescaling. Insisting that the rescaling
leave the noise strength unchanged yields $z=2\chi_u=2\chi_b$. Thus, $z=2/3$
and $\chi_u=\chi_b=1/3$, so that $E(k)\sim k^{-5/3}$. While this treatment,
which is the same as that applied to the Burgers equation with noise
variance $1/k$, does not yield multiscaling, it appears \cite{hayot} to
be satisfactory for two point correlations. Since our equations
for $\zeta^{\pm}$ (\ref{zetabur}) are identical to \cite{hayot},
it is reasonable to expect that the $1d$MHD equations (\ref{mhd1d})
with singular noise will show multiscaling similar to
that in \cite{hayot}. In particular, in this $1d$ treatment,
$z^+$ and $z^-$ obey the same equation
implying that their multiscaling properties are the same. This is consistent
with the behaviour of the Els\"{a}sser fields in a shell model
of $3d$MHD \cite{abhik}.

In section (III) our decoupling of $z^{+}$ and $z^{-}$ required $\mu=\nu$.
For $b_o \neq 0$, we showed that terms involving $\mu-\nu$ were subdominant
to the $b_o$ terms. Since the same arguments cannot be made for
$b_o$ =0, we have carried out a dynamic renormalisation group treatment in
the absence of a mean magnetic field, following the momentum shell
approach of \cite{ma,fns}. In our treatment we allow for independent
coupling terms $\lambda_1u\partial_x u$, and $\lambda_2 b\partial_x b$ in
the $u$ equation and $\lambda_3 \partial_x(ub)$ in the $b$ equation.
We assume, as in the scaling argument above, that there is no
diagramatic correction to the noise strength, and we choose the
rescaling so that the noise strength
remains fixed. For simplicity we ignore the cross-correlation
$\langle f_u f_b\rangle$. The resulting recursion relations have a stable
fixed point at which $\mu=\nu$.
This allows us to work with $\mu = \nu$, and hence to use the
decoupled description even when $b_o=0$.

We have also carried out a one-loop self-consistent treatment of
a slight generalisation of equations (\ref{mhd1d}) and (\ref{noisebub})
with $A_u(|k|) \sim D_1k^{-y+3}, A_b(|k|) \sim D_2k^{-s+3}$ and $kC(|k|)=0$.
Ignoring noise and vertex renormalisations, we find that the fluctuation
corrections $\Sigma_u (k)$ and $\Sigma_b (k)$ at zero frequency
for $\nu$ and $\mu$ respectively obey:
\begin{eqnarray}
\Sigma^u(k) &=& \int {dp\over\ 2\pi}
\left\{{D_1 p^{-y+3} \over {p^2\Sigma^u(p)
\left[p^2\Sigma^u(p) + (k-p)^2 \Sigma^u (k-p)\right]}} \right. + \\
&&\left.{D_2 p^{-s+3} \over {p^2\Sigma^b(p)
\left[p^2\Sigma^b(p) + (k-p)^2 \Sigma^b (k-p)\right]}}\right\}
\label{sigu}
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
\Sigma^b(k) &=& \int {dp\over\ 2\pi}
\left\{{D_1 p^{-y+3} \over {p^2\Sigma^u(p)
\left[p^2\Sigma^b(p) + (k-p)^2 \Sigma^b (k-p)\right]}} \right. + \\
&&\left.{D_2 p^{-s+3} \over {p^2\Sigma^b(p)
\left[p^2\Sigma^u(p) + (k-p)^2 \Sigma^u (k-p)\right]}}\right\}.
\label{sigb}
\end{eqnarray}
If we seek a solution of the form $\Sigma_u =\Gamma_u k^{x_1}$ and $\Sigma_b
=\Gamma_b k^{x_2}$ we find consistency requires $x_1=x_2=y/3=s/3$ and $\Gamma_u
=\Gamma_b$, i.e., that the scale-dependent kinematic and magnetic
viscosities are identical at small $k$. The singularities of the one-loop integral depend strongly
upon $y$. For $y\geq 3$, these integrals diverge even when the external
wavenumber $k\neq 0$ (the ``sweeping divergence'' \cite{jkb,mou}).
For $y$ near 0, on the other hands, one finds
$\Sigma_u (k)\sim\Sigma_b (k)\sim k^{-y/3}$.
These singularity structures are very similar to those seen in
a self-consistent treatment of the randomly stirred Navier-Stokes equations.

A technical clarification may be of some
interest here. In carrying out the perturbation theory with $b_o=0$,
care must be taken to ensure that the condition $\langle b \rangle =0$
is maintained
order by order. If $ikC(|k|)\neq 0$, i.e., there are
cross correlations in the noise sources in equations (\ref{mhd1d}),
and $\mu\neq\nu$, then
the perturbation theory generates an apparent non-zero $<b>$
and an apparent Alfv\'{e}n wave speed. Including a
counterterm to cancel the spurious $<b>$ automatically
ensures the absence of Alfv\'{e}n waves at $b_o=0$. At the RG fixed point
discussed above, where $\mu=\nu$, this issue clearly does not arise.

Our final point concerns the assertion
\cite{cam} that the introduction
of a nonzero cross-correlation $\langle f_u f_b \rangle $
in $3d$MHD generates, under renormalisation, dissipative terms of the
form $\nabla^2 {\bf B}$ in the equation for ${\bf u}$ and
$\nabla^2 {\bf u}$ in the equation for $\bf B$. If this were
true, the renormalised equations of motion would lack the symmetry
properties enjoined on them by the fact that $\bf B$ and $\bf v$
are a pseudovector and a vector respectively. Unsurprisingly,
a straightforward perturbative analysis
of fluctuation corrections arising from the nonlinearities
in (\ref{mhd1d}) rules out any such anomaly. As long as the statistics of
the noise sources are as in (\ref{noiseu}) and (\ref{noiseub}),
so that the transformation properties of $v$ and $b$ are respected,
no such terms are generated. It is clear that the error
in \cite{cam} arose because their cross-correlation
$\langle f_u(k) f_b(-k) \rangle$ was {\em real} and {\em even}
in wavevector, which is simply not consistent with the nature of the fields
in the problem.  Such a cross-correlation will in fact generate not only
the terms mentioned above but terms like $\partial_x (ub)$ in the $u$
equation and $\partial_x(u^2)$ and $\partial_x(b^2)$ in the $b$
equation as well. The resulting system will have only the invariance
$x\rightarrow -x, u\rightarrow -u$, $b\rightarrow -b$, which has
nothing to do with the intrinsic transformation properties of the
physical fields.

\section{summary}
We have shown that a recently proposed \cite{flei} Burgers-like
one-dimensional model
for magnetohydrodynamics ($1d$MHD)  is completely equivalent, through a
simple transformation,
to existing equations in the literature \cite{er,rlsr}. We have obtained
several new results from these $1d$MHD equations.
The most important of these, which should apply to $3d$MHD as well,
is that the energy spectrum
is unaffected by the presence of a mean magnetic field.
Apart from this, we have presented scaling, renormalisation-group
and self-consistent analyses of the large-distance, long-time
behaviour of correlation functions in the model, and provided
arguments for the existence of multiscaling therein when
the forcing functions have singular small-wavenumber correlations.
Lastly, we have corrected an erroneous claim \cite{cam} regarding
the effect of cross-correlations between the forcing functions
in the velocity and the magnetic field equations.

\section{Acknowledgement}
We thank Rahul Pandit for useful discussions and a critical
reading of the manuscript. AB was supported by the Council
for Scientific and Industrial Research, India.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Cochylimorpha elegans is a moth species in the family Tortricidae. It is found in Iran (the type location is Khorassan, Kouh-i-Binaloud).

References

Cochylimorpha
Moths described in 1963
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
Moths of Asia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package core

import (
	"k8s.io/autoscaler/cluster-autoscaler/cloudprovider/oci/oci-go-sdk/v43/common"
	"net/http"
)

// GetBootVolumeReplicaRequest wrapper for the GetBootVolumeReplica operation
//
// # See also
//
// Click https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/tools/go-sdk-examples/latest/core/GetBootVolumeReplica.go.html to see an example of how to use GetBootVolumeReplicaRequest.
type GetBootVolumeReplicaRequest struct {

	// The OCID of the boot volume replica.
	BootVolumeReplicaId *string `mandatory:"true" contributesTo:"path" name:"bootVolumeReplicaId"`

	// Unique Oracle-assigned identifier for the request.
	// If you need to contact Oracle about a particular request, please provide the request ID.
	OpcRequestId *string `mandatory:"false" contributesTo:"header" name:"opc-request-id"`

	// Metadata about the request. This information will not be transmitted to the service, but
	// represents information that the SDK will consume to drive retry behavior.
	RequestMetadata common.RequestMetadata
}

func (request GetBootVolumeReplicaRequest) String() string {
	return common.PointerString(request)
}

// HTTPRequest implements the OCIRequest interface
func (request GetBootVolumeReplicaRequest) HTTPRequest(method, path string, binaryRequestBody *common.OCIReadSeekCloser) (http.Request, error) {

	return common.MakeDefaultHTTPRequestWithTaggedStruct(method, path, request)
}

// BinaryRequestBody implements the OCIRequest interface
func (request GetBootVolumeReplicaRequest) BinaryRequestBody() (*common.OCIReadSeekCloser, bool) {

	return nil, false

}

// RetryPolicy implements the OCIRetryableRequest interface. This retrieves the specified retry policy.
func (request GetBootVolumeReplicaRequest) RetryPolicy() *common.RetryPolicy {
	return request.RequestMetadata.RetryPolicy
}

// GetBootVolumeReplicaResponse wrapper for the GetBootVolumeReplica operation
type GetBootVolumeReplicaResponse struct {

	// The underlying http response
	RawResponse *http.Response

	// The BootVolumeReplica instance
	BootVolumeReplica `presentIn:"body"`

	// For optimistic concurrency control. See `if-match`.
	Etag *string `presentIn:"header" name:"etag"`

	// Unique Oracle-assigned identifier for the request. If you need to contact
	// Oracle about a particular request, please provide the request ID.
	OpcRequestId *string `presentIn:"header" name:"opc-request-id"`
}

func (response GetBootVolumeReplicaResponse) String() string {
	return common.PointerString(response)
}

// HTTPResponse implements the OCIResponse interface
func (response GetBootVolumeReplicaResponse) HTTPResponse() *http.Response {
	return response.RawResponse
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


BASED ON A HEBREW MANUSCRIPT SOME 1,000 YEARS OLDER THAN THE ANTI YAHUSHUA MASORETIC TEXT REDACTIONS! BASED ON A FAR MORE RELIABLE HEBREW TEXT!
The Greek used by Yahushua and the Shlecheem-Apostles.
Can't review items yet as they still haven't arrived. The shipping price almost 24.00 dollars was a little high considering I placed my order on March 1st. My order was shipped March 5th. Today is the 14th and I still haven't received my items. Definitely not worth the shipping price....... Today is the 16th and I have recieved my bible absolutely beautiful!
We ship within 3-4 days and did that. if the post office is slow we cannot control that. Thank you friends!
Over priced shipping placed order march 1st, shipped march 5th, still waiting for item and today's the 16th. If I could find my items somewhere else I'd send it back and get my money. And do business with someone else.
We do exchanges for damaged merchandise & will do our best to make you a happy Hebrew!
Why is your store different?
Because its actually a part of our Gospel outreach and the funds are used in that manner. When you buy your funds go to declare the salvation by Messiah's love and sacrifice on the tree for you and me!
How fast do you answer e mails?
If i leave you my phone number can i get a personal call back?
Where can I order the Restoration Scriptures True Name Sixth Edition With Chanok-Enoch?
Is there a number I can call to talk to someone?
¿Hay algún número al que pueda llamar para hablar con alguien?
Absolutamente. Puede llamarnos sin cargo en Estados Unidos Y Canadá @ 1-800-917-7751.
All the time! Check our closeout section often!
The Awakening-James D. Crawford Sr.


[18:56] - Flight CVA1084 is ready to depart KSTS with a final destination of KMOD.
[19:47] - Landed at -529fpm. With 2896lbs of fuel onboard and a pitch angle of -4deg.
[19:50] - Arrived safely at KMOD. We hope you enjoyed your flight!


I'm here to show you what I have been up to these past few weeks.
I'm getting ready for my Fall units and I am VERY excited about them!
warm sweaters, and pumpkins everywhere.
I'm starting with pumpkins this week!
I created 2 read alouds for my class, one for the pumpkin life cycle and one for fun pumpkin facts. I plan to use these on the first day, to introduce the topic to my class.
I use the text from my read alouds to make close reads. Each comes with a comprehension page, which we will work on together. My class is still in the beginning stages of reading.
I also created a bunch of fun printables to use during our pumpkin week. From KWL and "Have, Feel, Look" charts, I will have plenty to choose from for my little learners!
Finally, I made a pumpkin flip book craftivity!
You can find my pumpkins unit HERE.
Once we are done with our pumpkin unit, we will be working on OWLS! I can't wait!!


text:
Our Family Care Team
Korban's Facilities
Filipino Funeral
Portuguese Funeral
Ukrainian Funeral
Catholic Funeral
Grief Resources During COVID-19
Ukrainian Funeral Traditions
Knowing how to maneuver in another country can be rather difficult, especially when it comes to touchy subjects such as funerals. Every country has their own customs and traditions for celebrating the life of a loved one. The people of Ukraine, particularly those who adhere to the Orthodox Christian Church, have quite an extensive list of customs that you should familiarize yourself with.
If you have to attend a funeral for a Ukrainian loved one, be prepared to adhere to their rules and traditions. Here are just a few of the things you should know before you head out to say your last respects:
According to the Orthodox services that many Ukrainians use for their funerals, people believe that the soul stays near the body for three days following the death. Family members and friends come to say their final goodbyes alongside an open casket on these three special days. They may leave small gifts inside of the casket when they come to visit like coins, baked goods, and other small mementos.
Family and friends can bring flowers to the wake, but they should only bring an even number of flowers. This sets the funeral apart from other occasions when Ukrainians expect well-wishers to give an odd number of flowers.
Many people believe that the body should never be left alone in the dark. This is why they typically plan to have visitors come throughout the night. There may be a midnight dinner followed by a vigil for the rest of the night until more mourners come to pay their respects in the morning.
At the Funeral
When you attend the funeral, you should have a thorough understanding of what to bring and how to behave in the presence of the body. It is often expected that you bring flowers to the funeral service, but they should, as previously mentioned, be brought in even numbers.
Near the flowers, you will notice that a small bowl of water and a towel have been left as an offering for the deceased loved one. It is believed that the deceased individual drinks the water from the bowl and uses the towel to wash away tears. As such, the funeral-goers abstain from drinking water in the funeral home or church where the service takes place. They cannot consume water again until they are away from the presence of the body.
Feasting
In Ukrainian Orthodox tradition, the community comes together to celebrate the life of their loved one at set times following the death. They will traditionally hold five feasts to honour a deceased loved one. The first is held on the third day after death, the second on the ninth day, and the third on the fortieth day after the death. The two additional feasts are celebrated at the six-month and one-year mark following the death.
During these feasts, Ukrainians tend to eat traditional foods such as kolach and koliva. Kolach is a fruit-filled pastry whereas koliva is a special cake made for funerals from boiled wheat and honey.
Provody
Directly after the Easter holidays, the people of Ukraine celebrate Provody to remember and honour the dead. Families head to the gravesites to say another round of final goodbyes to their loved ones and celebrate their lives. This is done to put the spirits of the deceased at rest again so that they can continue to enjoy their afterlife in peace. Following the trip to the graveside, most people will share in another feast to honour their loved ones.
Understanding Ukrainian Customs
When it comes to Ukrainian customs and even Catholic funerals, there are some significant differences between their traditions and those found in North America. It is important to understand the cultural distinctions if you plan to travel or support a Ukrainian loved one who many be attending a funeral. Keep some of these rich traditions in mind next time you think about customary funeral practices around the world.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Authorisations Department is responsible for examining applications for granting licenses to entities that fall within the organizations regulated by the CySEC and specifically CIFs, UCITS Management Companies, Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFMs), Companies Providing Administration Services and UCITS. Also, the Department examines several applications such as applications to extend the license of the above organizations, for changes in the ownership structure and changes in the persons who direct their activities, notifications for providing services across borders through the freedom to provide services or through establishing branches, notifications of UCITS Management Companies or an AIFM to dispose UCITS or AIFs (Alternative Investment Funds) to other Member States, etc.
The acceptance of AIFM notifications of other EU member states or Third Countries for the disposal or the establishment and management of the AIF in the Republic.


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From the Publisher's Desk
From the Publisher's Desk: The joy of being present
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Chances are, you saw this post first on Facebook before you read it here. Facebook drives a fair amount of traffic to our website. But that's going to change, thanks to a decision announced last week by Facebook Founder Mark Zuckerberg. Over the next few months, Zuckerberg said, posts from brands of all kinds —…
From the Publisher's Desk: Saying farewell to the Sound Live Sports Network
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From the Publisher's Desk: Support our work, get this cool car sticker
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From John Oliver: This is why local news matters
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Dover police lawsuit resolved; no details on settlement
Federal judge agrees to dismiss lawsuit but does not provide details on settlement between ACLU and Dover.
Dover police lawsuit resolved; no details on settlement Federal judge agrees to dismiss lawsuit but does not provide details on settlement between ACLU and Dover. Check out this story on delawareonline.com: https://delonline.us/1R9bvBH
Jessica Masulli Reyes, The News Journal Published 9:47 a.m. ET Jan. 5, 2016 | Updated 9:38 p.m. ET Jan. 5, 2016
Dover police Cpl. Thomas Webster walks with his wife, Suzanne, into Kent County Courthouse on Nov. 29. Webster was accused of kicking a suspect in the head during an arrest. The terms of a settlement regarding the case have not been released.(Photo: JENNIFER CORBETT/THE NEWS JOURNAL)Buy Photo
A federal civil rights lawsuit over a white Dover police officer kicking a black suspect in the head and breaking his jaw has been resolved, even though the officer, Cpl. Thomas Webster IV, was acquitted of assault in December.
None of the parties involved have publicly disclosed settlement details.
The lawsuit stems from a police dashcam video that showed Webster kicking 29-year-old Lateef Dickerson in the head – knocking him out – in August 2013. Dickerson had run from another officer who was breaking up a fight near a Hess gas station in Dover, authorities said.
Even after a judge dismissed the lawsuit Monday at the behest of the parties, the attorneys representing the American Civil Liberties Union of Delaware, the City of Dover and Webster would not provide settlement details, such as any financial amount or other conditions agreed upon.
Details are sometimes kept secret in settlements due to non-disclosure agreements or if negotiations are ongoing. The News Journal has filed a Freedom of Information Act request seeking additional information from the city.
La Mar Gunn, president of the Central Delaware NAACP, said he hopes details about the settlement will be made public soon.
"Everything is done in secret," he said. "The government we are dealing with doesn't believe in open government or transparency."
The city has been forthcoming with some information. Dover Mayor Robin Christiansen said Tuesday he has not been notified by the city's insurance company about a formal settlement, but said the city did pay its $15,000 insurance deductible as part of the lawsuit.
"I haven't heard anything from him," he said. "I haven't been notified officially."
La Mar Gunn, president of the state NAACP central branch in Delaware, speaks about the not guilty verdict for Dover Police officer Cpl. Thomas Webster on Dec. 8. A federal civil rights lawsuit over Webster kicking a suspect in the head has been resolved. (Photo: JASON MINTO/THE NEWS JOURNAL)
The lawsuit's dismissal by U.S. District Court Judge Richard G. Andrew comes more than two years after the American Civil Liberties Union filed the lawsuit against Dover and Webster on behalf of Dickerson. The dashcam video was not made public until last May, days after Webster was charged.
At the time, Delaware ACLU Executive Director Kathleen MacRae said the organization brought the case because of broad concerns over allegations of excessive force and racial profiling in the Dover Police Department. MacRae confirmed last month that the lawsuit was resolved, but wouldn't provide details about the settlement Tuesday.
Kevin Connors, the lawyer representing Webster, and Daniel Griffith, the lawyer for the city, did not respond to calls for comment Tuesday.The attorneys agreed to the lawsuit's dismissal in court filings last week.
The civil lawsuit and criminal case against Webster have captured the state's attention at a time when police officer's actions are being heavily scrutinized nationwide, including surrounding the Michael Brown case in suburban St. Louis and Freddie Gray's death in Baltimore.
Webster was charged with felony assault in May, after Attorney General Matt Denn decided to present the case to a second grand jury in order to get an indictment because the first grand jury, which considered it a year earlier, did not file charges against Webster.
At the conclusion of a trial in Kent County Superior Court, a 12-member jury acquitted Webster, who had testified that he didn't intend to kick Dickerson in the head. He said he had feared for his safety because officers were told Dickerson had a firearm.
Prosecutors said that Dickerson was not a threat and Webster used excessive force and acted recklessly.
Webster, 42, has worked for the Dover Police Department for 10 years and will receive back pay for his unpaid leave since he was indicted in May.
He will undergo a psychological evaluation, which is required of any officer who has used deadly force that resulted in injury or death, before he is able to return to work.
Contact Jessica Masulli Reyes at (302) 324-2777, jmreyes@delawareonline.com or Twitter @JessicaMasulli.
DELAWAREONLINE
Grand jury intimidation complaint adds twist to Dover cop trial
Not guilty verdict stuns some in Delaware
Dover police suspect kick case
Terms been reached in a federal civil rights lawsuit over a white Dover police officer kicking a black suspect in the head. The resolution is the latest development in a case dating back more than two years.
August 2013: Lateef Dickerson is kicked in the head by Dover Police Cpl. Thomas W. Webster IV in an incident that was caught on a patrol-car dashcam.
March 2014: A Kent County grand jury fails to indict Webster.
September 2014: The American Civil Liberties Union files a federal civil rights lawsuit against the city of Dover and Webster alleging misconduct by an officer.
May 2015: A second grand jury indicts Webster on a felony assault charge.
December 2015: Webster is acquitted of assault charges.
January 2016: The judge dismisses the lawsuit against the city of Dover and Webster. Details have not been provided about the terms of a settlement.
Read or Share this story: https://delonline.us/1R9bvBH


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Seborrheic Skin Instants® and/or with imperfections.
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4 Ways Law Firms can Mitigate Supply Chain Risk
A senior Yorkshire police chief recently warned that companies face a new cyber threat from an unlikely source: their cleaners. It transpired that organised crime bosses are seeding insiders into contracting firms so they can physically access IT systems to steal sensitive data. The warnings highlight the importance of choosing the right vendors to do business with, and the potential risks posed by modern supply chains.
With data protection regulators increasingly keen to drive accountability for the security of sensitive data, it's time organisations took action. This will demand a rigorous, detailed and continuous process of assessment, monitoring and due diligence.
1. The Backbone of any Business
Few businesses could function today without their supply chains. The average medium to large-sized law firm could have hundreds, maybe even thousands, covering everything from accounting and marketing to web design, content management and much more. Technology sits at the heart of this provision, as data storage and management goes digital. Some 87% of respondents to a poll in The Lawyer last year agreed that tech investment will boost revenue because it helps law firms offer better services.
IT services are vital to the modern legal sector, offering everything from application development to back-end hosting of Office applications, mobile device management, file sharing and collaboration, managed telephony and more. Yet according to some research by HBR Consulting, just two-fifths (42%) of firms have a formal third-party risk management policy in place.
2. Supply Chains are Risky
Why does this matter? Because all of these IT connections in and out of the organisation offer a large target for cyber criminals to take aim at. The legal sector in particular is highly sought after for confidential client data — so much so that GCHQ's National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) released a dedicated 2018 report for the industry. It cited stats that 60% of law firms reported an information security incident over the previous year, and over £11 million of client money was stolen due to cybercrime during the period.
Law firms, and their counterparts in other industries, run the risk of severe reputational harm if funds and key client data go missing. But they also face potential threats from ransomware designed to maximise business disruption in order to force victims into paying up.
As the manager of the Yorkshire and Humber Regional Cyber Crime Team warned, threats to data security can come from anywhere — even "sleepers" planted inside cleaning and office contracting organisations that may have out-of-hours access to IT systems. But the reality is that you're far more likely to encounter remote hackers operating under the anonymity of the internet than rogue cleaners.
3. Attacks Hit Home
These are not theoretical risks. Back in 2017, PwC and BAE Systems uncovered a large-scale Chinese plot to compromise managed service providers (MSPs) and use their access to target global customers. Stepping-stone attacks like Operation Cloud Hopper may not always be as sophisticated as this, but they're an increasingly popular tactic.
Sometimes the threat vector is not an MSP but a software provider. That's what happened in Ukraine in 2017 when Russian hackers seeded malware into popular accounting software called M.E. Doc. The disk-wiping malware subsequently spread to disrupt countless organisations in the country and then abroad, via the VPNs of international firms with offices in the eastern European country. DLA Piper is said to have lost millions in downtime and the 15,000 hours of overtime it had to pay IT staff to help recover from the incident.
4. A Four-Point Plan
So, what's the answer? It pays to check out the NCSC's advice here, but it boils down to four key steps:
Understand the supply chain risk
Establish control
Check your arrangements
Understanding the risk means mapping your information assets and where they flow, understanding your suppliers' security posture and where there may be deficiencies. Then it's about gaining control by communicating your security requirements to all suppliers, setting minimum standards and building these into any contracts. It's vital that your suppliers do the same in turn for any subcontractors. Establishing KPIs to measure performance and mandating regular audits will help to build confidence in the supply chain and drive continuous improvement.
Open communication channels are also key here, as is a balance between allowing time for changes to be made, ensuring timescales and promises are met. This may all require a cultural and mindset change for many businesses, but the alternative is far worse.
If you'd like to speak to one of our team about managed IT services and how we can help you choose the right vendors so you can mitigate supply chain risk, contact us today.
CASE STUDY - WOOLLEY & CO SOLICITORS
CASE STUDY - TILLY BAILEY & IRVINE
CASE STUDY - KEOGHS


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Wiki Workshop 2021
A forum bringing together researchers exploring all aspects of Wikimedia projects. Held virtually at The Web Conference 2021, April 2021.
Follow @wikiworkshop
Dec. 14, 2020: Wiki Workshop 2021 will be fully remote.
Dec. 14, 2020: Wiki Workshop 2021 webpage online.
Check back in January!
Workshop date: TBD. 2021's workshop will be online only and will take place In the week of April 19-23, 2021.
If authors want paper to appear in proceedings:
Submission deadline: January 29th, 2021
Author feedback: February 18th, 2021
Camera Ready: Subject to change. Tentatively March 1st, 2021
If authors do not want paper to appear in proceedings:
Submission deadline: March 1st, 2021
Author feedback: March 19th, 2021
We invite contributions to Wiki Workshop 2021 which will take place virtually and as part of The Web Conference 2021. Wiki Workshop, now in its 8th edition, is an annual research event aimed at bringing together researchers who explore all aspects of the Wikimedia projects including Wikipedia (in more than 160 actively edited languages), Wikidata, Wikimedia Commons, Wiktionary, and beyond. With members of the Wikimedia Foundation's Research team on the organizing committee and with the experience of successful workshops in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020, we aim to continue facilitating a direct pathway for exchanging ideas between the organization that serves Wikimedia projects and the researchers interested in studying them.
This year's edition of the workshop will celebrate the 20th birthday of Wikipedia.
Topics of interest include, but are not limited to
new technologies and initiatives to grow content, quality, equity, diversity, and participation across Wikimedia projects
use of bots, algorithms, and crowdsourcing strategies to curate, source, or verify content and structured data
bias in content and gaps of knowledge
diversity of the Wikimedia editors and users
detection of low-quality, promotional, or fake content (misinformation or disinformation), as well as fake accounts (e.g., sock puppets)
questions related to community health (e.g., sentiment analysis, harassment detection)
understanding editor motivations, engagement models, and incentives
Wikimedia consumer motivations and their needs: readers, researchers, tool/API developers
innovative uses of Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects for AI and NLP applications
consensus-finding and conflict resolution on editorial issues
participation in discussions and their dynamics
dynamics of content reuse across projects and the impact of policies and community norms on reuse
privacy, security, and trust
collaborative content creation (unstructured, semi-structured, or structured)
innovative uses of Wikimedia projects' content and consumption patterns as sensors for real-world events, culture, etc.
open-source research code, datasets, and tools to support research on Wikimedia contents and communities
Papers should be 1 to 8 pages long and will be published on the workshop webpage and optionally (depending on the authors' choice) in the proceedings of the Web Conference 2021. The review process will be single-blind (as opposed to double-blind), i.e., authors should include their names and affiliations in their submissions. Authors whose papers are accepted to the workshop will have the opportunity to present their work to the workshop attendees as part of the workshop's poster session.
We explicitly encourage the submission of preliminary work in the form of extended abstracts (1 or 2 pages).
Papers should be 1 to 8 pages long. We explicitly encourage the submission of preliminary work in the form of extended abstracts (1 or 2 pages). No need to anonymize your submissions.
For submission dates, see above.
Format: ACM SIG conference proceedings template (use sample-sigconf.pdf as the template)
Submission site: https://easychair.org/conferences/?conf=wikiworkshop2021
@ WWW 2020 (Taipei, Taiwan)
@ WWW 2019 (San Francisco, USA)
@ WWW 2018 (Lyon, France)
@ WWW 2017 (Perth, Australia)
@ WWW 2016 (Montreal, Canada) and ICWSM 2016 (Cologne, Germany)
@ ICWSM 2015 (Oxford, UK)
Miriam Redi
Miriam is a Research Scientist at the Wikimedia Foundation and Visiting Research Fellow at King's College London. Formerly, she worked as a Research Scientist at Yahoo! Labs in Barcelona and Nokia Bell Labs in Cambridge. She received her PhD from EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis. She conducts research in social multimedia computing, working on fair, interpretable, multimodal machine learning solutions to improve knowledge equity.
Leila Zia
Leila is the Head of Research at the Wikimedia Foundation. Her current research interests are on understanding Wikipedia's readers, quantifying and addressing the gaps of knowledge in Wikipedia and Wikidata, and understanding and improving diversity in Wikipedia. She holds a PhD in management science and engineering from Stanford University.
Bob is an assistant professor of Computer Science at EPFL, where he heads the Data Science Lab. His research aims to understand, predict, and enhance human behavior in social and information networks by developing techniques in data science, data mining, network analysis, machine learning, and natural language processing. He holds a PhD in computer science from Stanford University.
Please direct your questions to wikiworkshopgooglegroupscom.


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Transport talent to be celebrated with inaugural Wales Transport Awards
By Jo Barnes
Gavin Edwards, Denise Lovering and Liz Brookes
The inaugural Wales Transport Awards 2019 has launched its search to recognise the industry's outstanding contributors in Wales.
This comes at a time when Wales' transport infrastructure is high on both the government's and the public's agenda. The awards, co-founded by Liz Brookes from Grapevine Event Management, will celebrate the best of the Welsh transport sector and will take place in November.
There are 13 categories which span customer care, excellence in technology, fleet of the year and recognition of businesses which have gone above and beyond in being environmentally responsible.
Sponsors include commercial vehicle specialists, Glenside Commercials, which has a base in Newport, headline sponsor Caldicot Group, one of the country's leading vehicle recovery agencies, which has a base in Caldicot.
Secretary of State for Wales Alun Cairns, said: "By removing the Severn tolls, the UK government has enabled unrestricted movement across the border, allowing the Welsh transport sector to flourish like never before. Employing more than 40,000 people, thriving Welsh transport companies keep the country moving and provide an important boost to the economy.
"These awards provide the perfect opportunity to highlight their outstanding work and recognise those who have gone above and beyond. I look forward to seeing the full list of nominees and wish all the hopeful businesses the very best of luck."
Gavin Edwards, managing director, Caldicot Group, said: "Working within the sector supporting companies with their vehicle recovery needs, we know first-hand the tremendous contributions they make that are pivotal to the success of so many other businesses. We are looking forward to recognising all of their efforts at the awards in November."
Denise Lovering, head judge and former chair of the Welsh Freight Council, said: "Having worked in transport for more than 25 years, it is clear to me that this sector is often overlooked and the work done by logistics as a whole, seriously under rated. It will be good to recognise their achievements and celebrate with the transport sector in Wales".
For more details go to www.walestransportawards.co.uk.
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Shoppers turn away from high street as June footfall hits seven-year low
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Plasterboard plant could create 70 jobs in Newport docks
Legal firm secures top accolade from national Law Society once again


Xiaomi launched its 4A series of Mi TV in India that runs Amlogic 64-bit quad core chipset coupled with 1GB of RAM and 8GB of internal storage. The two variants that were launched are fitted with three HDMI ports, two USB ports, Ethernet port, WiFi and a headphone jack. The 43-inch TV is available with an additional USB port and an S/PDIF port, allowing more devices to be connected to the TV.
Sound system of Mi TV 4A has been streamlined with DTS and 20W dome speakers specifically for India. The availability of a patchwall on the TV allows the user to switch between content from their set top box operators and that available online.


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Mack Defense Awarded $725 Million CAD Contract to Supply More...
Mack Defense Awarded $725 Million CAD Contract to Supply More Than 1,500 Trucks to the Canadian Armed Forces
Mack Defense 8x8
Mack Defense has announced that it has been awarded two contracts by the Department of Public Works and Government Services Canada on behalf of the Department of National Defense to deliver more than 1,500 8x8 trucks for the Medium Support Vehicle System (MSVS) Standard Military Pattern (SMP) program and to provide an initial five years of In-Service Support (ISS) for the SMP fleet operating in Canada and throughout the world.
Mack Defense (www.mackdefense.com) will also provide 300 trailers and 150 Armour Protection Systems as part of the two contracts valued at $725 million CAD. Deliveries will begin in the summer of 2017 with completion in the fall of 2018.
"We are extremely proud that the Canadian government has chosen Mack Defense to provide the Canadian Armed Forces with our MSVS SMP solution," said Ryan Werling, president of Mack Defense. "Mack has supplied the Canadian Armed Forces with trucks since World War II and we are honored to continue to support Canada's domestic and international missions for years to come."
The vehicle systems will include multiple variants such as cargo, material handling cranes, load handling systems (LHS), and mobile repair trucks (MRT). Mack Defense will work with key strategic Canadian partners including Volvo Group sister company Prevost; Dumur Industries Ltd; EODC, Inc.; and Link Suspensions of Canada (Raydan Division).
System assembly will take place in Prevost's Sainte-Claire, Quebec, plant. The Volvo Group's global supply chain, with a strong presence across Canada and in 42 other countries worldwide, serves as the foundation of the In-Service Support program.
7900 National Service Road
macktrucks.com
Sellick Equipment co-founders to retire after 53 years of leadership
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Weekly recap: the world's first all-electric CTL, an autonomous tractor launch, the electric Silverado and more
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New president and CEO named for Kubota Tractor Corporation and Kubota North America
View Latest Industry News


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Open letter to the president of Uganda on the Justice Bamugemereire Lands Commission of Inquiry
Thursday, March 9th, 2017
Your Excellency, Africa Institute for Energy Governance (AFIEGO), a public policy research and advocacy organisation dedicated to influencing energy and related policies such as those on land to benefit the poor and vulnerable, takes this opportunity to appreciate your efforts to address the land challenges affecting Ugandans.
Among others, you have superintended over processes to put in place laws and policies to protect land owners, including bibanja owners, have supported land reforms aimed at benefitting the poor and have personally dialogued with poor Ugandans facing evictions such as you recently did with the people of Bukasa, Kito and Namataba villages in Bweyogerere Division, Wakiso district who wrongfully settled on land belonging to the National Forestry Authority (NFA). Open letter to the president on lands commission of inquiry