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Month / May 2020
May 22, 2020 by guyeatsfood
Race to Glory! – Review: Agon (2nd Edition)
Agon, from John Harper and Sean Nittner, has recently been delivered in its second edition from a successful Kickstarter. Its first edition was an excellent blend of storygaming sensibilities and hard-core gamism – it was explicitly competitive, and when I ran it at cons it was deliberately about who could amass the most Glory by the end of the session.
The second edition is a sleek, slimmed down version that is razor-focused on its setting and protagonists – pulling 1st ed. down, it's surprised me how crunchy it was, with some aspects of the game – a skill list of a whole 16 skills – that I probably didn't sniff at in 2006, but feels a huge number now! Second edition trims this – and everything – down, making a fantastic game for short- to medium-length campaigns that will also sing out in one-shots.
If you want to hear the game in action, there's a series of Actual Plays here in which me and my fellow players tackle a series of its islands, ably provided with Strife by Gaz from The Smart Party.
You're bronze-chested, thick-hewed Greek heroes and heroines on your way back from the wars. Along the way, you and your crew encounter various islands, and each one has some form of strife you must attempt to resolve – earning the favour and displeasure of various Greek gods along the way. The game comes with a total of 12 islands, as well as guidance for designing your own.
In terms of play, each island is a session, and there is a structured sequence of reflecting on the previous island, building bonds with fellow heroes, and sacrificing to the gods to earn their favour between islands. This tight episodic structure works is great in longer play, and makes the game well-suited for one-shots. It's an easy setup in a mythic/historical setting that feels familiar and has baked-in an expectation of action from its protagonists.
Agon has a unified system for conflict resolution – each challenge features on of your hero's four domains (Arts & Oration, Blood & Valour, Craft & Reason, or Resolve & Spirit) and you then build a dice pool that will always include a die for your name, and might include other dice depending on whether they apply or whether you spend resources to narrate them in. You total the highest two dice, add any bonuses from Divine Favour (a limited resource you can choose to spend), and compare to the Strife Player (GM)'s total. Usually a few players will all roll against one target number (quite often, the whole party) and the resolution is about not just beating the GM's roll, but getting the highest total – and thus the most glory.
By having everyone roll and compete, you introduce an interesting spotlight-sharing technique – it's not just about how well you do, but whom is most impressive. It's a technique I'd like to try in other games (see my post on Skill Challenges for examples of others) – the competitive roll where you don't just want to succeed, but also be the best.
Agon makes for a very satisfying one-shot. PCs are simple enough that character generation could be done at the table (you could even offer it as an option for some players, or allow some to generate them and some to pick from pregens) and they are distinct enough that they can feel very different in play without too many differences in dice.
In terms of structure, each island normally begins with a contest for Leader, who gets to choose the party's approach at each stage of the island – for a one-shot, I'd keep the contest in as a sort of 'training challenge,' and keep the Leader role loose – the game is simple enough to support the party splitting and taking two different approaches, and the islands provided all lead inexorably to a final confrontation everyone can be a part of.
In a one-shot, I might make it more of an explicit glory race, too – maybe displaying current glory for each player – and perhaps offering a prize for the most glorious hero at the end – it pushes players to greater, more heroic deeds along the way. In one-shot play you shave off some of the subtleties of campaign play, but that's a concession we make with one-shots all the time.
The design of the islands in Agon is brilliant – and instructional in that it contains a structure that is applicable to other games. Each island begins with omens – the signs of the gods, symbolic indicators that give clues as to what is within, and then begins – usually as the crew make landfall on the beach – with two or more options to pursue. PCs are free to follow their own third route, but two clear routes are offered into an antagonistic sandbox that get them embroiled in the plot immediately.
Sometimes, this is as simple as there being two conflicting factions on the island facing a common threat, and two NPCs representing them on either end of the beach – it sounds cliched, but in play it offers a chance to dive straight in to an interlocked situation. Often when presented with a sandbox puzzle, players will skirt around and only gingerly poke at the plot so as to avoid putting their eggs in one basket to start – with this approach they are pulled in onto one side – at least temporarily – and get to see the problem from one point of view immediately.
To summarize, Agon is a brilliant game, and offers excellent one-shot potential. If the setting doesn't interest you, then first of all you're mad – it's mythic Greeks – and secondly the presentation and structure of the islands and the competitive challenges offer interesting models that can be ported into other games. I know what I want to do for D&D one-shots when Mythic Odysseys of Theros comes out.
Tower of the Stirge – a 1st level D&D One-Shot Adventure
1stlevel, adventure, d&d, d&d5e, one-shot, stirge
Continuing a series which began with The Goblins and The Pie Shop, and continued with Rats of Rothsea (with a short interlude adapting Dyson Logos' Goblin Gully), here's another 1st level one-shot for D&D5e. This one is a bit grimmer and darker than the others, as befits the subject matter, and isn't recommended for younger players like the previous two. There's zombies, blood-sucking, and egg-laying flying beasts with proboscis in this one. Oh, and the plural of stirge is "stirge," I've just decided. Apologies to any adventurers who assume this means the tower only contains one of the beasties.
In terms of structure, this was heavily modelled on Johnn Four's 5 Room Dungeon model, which is a really good way to structure linear encounters for play (there's probably a follow-up post on that. If you want a map for the tower, Dyson Logos' Ashryn Spire is ideal.
Tower of the Stirge
The tower at Halk Head used to be a mage's tower – but for many years it lay dormant after a band of brave adventurers defeated and looted the wizard. Until, a few months ago, the hermit Gorthrix came to the village. Seeking a place to rest, he moved in and begun to explore the ruined tower. Noises and rumour brought children and explorers from the village, so to deter them Gorthrix attracted a nest of stirge and reactivated the wizard's earth elemental bodyguard.
He meant the stirge to just deter visitors, but he find the beasts have now overtaken the entire top floor of the tower; although they don't attack him, there's was little he could do when they ambushed and killed a pair of children who came exploring, dragging the blood-drained bodies back to their nest. Panicking, he sent the elemental out to destroy the cliffside path to the tower, and now sits tight, hoping that the villagers will avoid the ruined tower as a place of ill omen. He hasn't counted on the recklessness of adventurers.
Gorthrix is a mean-spirited, loner of a dwarf who wants nothing more than to be left alone, and is prepared to kill to ensure that happens. Finding the tower was the first step in him finding some space for himself, and he's not going to let an accident with his new pets stop him.
Gorthrix has a tame baboon who helps him. He has named him Gorthrox, and Gorthrox is just as brutal and angry as the stirge.
Cliff is a bound earth elemental who used to serve the old wizard hundreds of years ago. When the adventurers came, he was locked in the tower basement, so he just slept. Now, he's slow and confused, but Gorthrix doesn't ask too much of him and he quite enjoys the company. What he really wants to do is properly rebuild the tower, but Gorthrix won't led him near the bird-things on the roof.
The Stirge are horrible, bloodsucking flying rats with long proboscis that drip with blood. After a feed they are bloated and clumsy flyers, but when hungry they are fast and vicious. Gothrix feeds them treats, so they like him, but he's still just walking food to them.
The village of Clifftop sits at the top of 80 feet of steep cliffs. At their foot is a small beach, with a pier and a few fishing boats, and a treacherous path carved into the rock. A small, rickety path leads out to the Tower – in the other direction, a more sturdy path offers a shortcut to the larger town of Endholme.
The PCs will be summonsed by the Village Elders and told the story – two local boys, Edric and Embry, were wandering out near the tower last week and now appear to have disappeared. The village sheriff, Robel, went out looking and found nothing, but the elders are sure that it's something in the tower – strange lights have been seen in recent days coming from it – it is surely a place of ill omen. Robel assumes that the boys have just run away to the tower and are hoping to attract the attention of the villagers – but he will grudgingly point the adventurers in the direction of the tower.
The villagers beg the PCs to explore the tower – if nothing else, to see if they can bring the boys' bodies back. They offer 20gp each for their troubles. Robel is keen to stay in the village to make sure no more trouble comes to the farmers' herds, but he can point them towards the cliff-top path to the tower.
If they ask around, a successful DC 15 skill check gets them a true-ish rumour, a failed one gets them an almost-certainly-false one. If they fail the check, the character has a fair idea that the information they have is false.
True-ish Rumours (d6)
1 – The tower was built by an old sorcerer – they say that remnants of his magic can still be found there
2 – Huge crows have been seen circling the tower – this is surely an ill omen?
3 – Farmer Copley, whose clifftop farm isn't far from the tower, has had several sheep disappear recently – without any of the usual marks of wolf attacks
4 – A few months ago a stinking dwarf clad in rags came to the town and asked lots of questions about the tower. He stole a loaf of bread, so Robel ran him out of town.
5 – The cliffside path has withstood storms and terrible weather for years – it can't have just collapsed on its own
6 – Last month, a body was found by the cliffside path, drained entirely of blood. The villagers who found it went to get Robel, but by the time they returned, it was gone.
Almost Certainly False Rumours (d6)
1 – The sorcerer who used to rule the tower has returned, and he has taken the boys as sacrifices
2 – All who enter the tower are compelled to stay there by dark magic
3 – The two boys were always up to no good – I expect they've just run away to get shot of Robel spoiling their fun
4 – Two more children went missing a few weeks ago, that the PCs haven't been told about (they did, but Robel brought them back and returned them – they had just got stranded on the beach)
5 – The strange birds that can be seen circling the tower can only be hurt by silvered or magical weapons
6 – The tower doesn't even exist – it's an illusion that lures explorers to the cliffs, where they fall and are eaten by the kraken. The kraken? Nobody's told you about the kraken?
Scene One – Approach to the Tower
The path to the tower has been damaged and pulled apart by Cliff, but he didn't do a very good job, because he much prefers building things to pulling them apart. A few of the ropes are still there where the path has crumbled, and where boulders cover the path, they can be -carefully- clambered over.
To get to the tower, each PC must make an Athletics check with DC10. On a failure, they stumble and slide down from the path – they take 1d6 damage, with a Dexterity save for half. If half or more of the PCs (round up) fail their skill checks, the stirges are alerted by the noise and ambush them while they are on the path – the path is difficult terrain, and anyone without a secure footing will fight with disadvantage.
Stirge by Jacob E. Blackmon
Stirge Attack!
Either as they approach the tower, or half way along the treacherous cliff path, a group of stirges will attack them. Seeing the PCs approaching, their Queen has sent them out to hunt.
There is one stirge for each PC, and they attempt to attack one each as well. They aren't used to fighting creatures that fight back much, so they don't gang up on opponents unless an obvious opportunity presents itself.
As the stirge wobble towards them, clever players might have their characters take cover, particularly if they heard the rumour in the village about them. Their passive Perception is only 9, and a successful Stealth check will let them hide behind a useful rock. If the whole party manage to hide from the Stirges, they fly around looking for them for a while, before flying off to feast on a nearby sheep.
Scene Two – The Tower
The Ground Floor and Basement
The ground floor is were the wizard used to welcome visitors. It's now crumbled and full of rubble; the staircase up to the next level is crumbled and treacherous.
Cliff rests in the Ground Floor – he is an earth elemental, so will be a possible insurmountable challenge for the PCs to fight, but he's very amenable to talking. As they enter, he steps away from the section of wall he was resting against and tries to whisper to them that they should go away, or the New Master will kill them. "He never wants visitors, not living ones anyway – you should go!"
Cliff just wants to be left alone to rebuild the tower – he's not too bright, and pretty content with his lot. He'll tell them about the New Master and about how he wants to help them, but the New Master would be mad at him if he did – and he doesn't want to be shouted at. He doesn't know much about the 'funny birds' at the top of the tower, and he certainly doesn't know what happened to the kids who came to explore.
If the PCs talk to Cliff, allow them to make appropriate skill checks – once they have 3 successes – most likely Persuasion or Deception, although Intimidation is possible – the only wizard Cliff has seen for many years was a mighty sorcerer, so a flashy display of magic might trick him. If they fail 3 times in total, he loses his patience with them, and starts banging and shouting, alerting Gorthrix and his baboon from upstairs.
If they try to fight him, luckily for them Cliff is very reluctant to hurt anyone. He'll try and Grapple the biggest looking opponent and then put them in some inaccessible part of the cliff below. Only if really enraged will he attack with his Slam. If he defeats the whole party, he carries them back and leaves them at the edge of the village – feeling terribly guilty that he might have hurt them.
The First Floor
The first floor contains the remnants of the wizard's magical traps and tricks – and is probably the most deadly of the rooms – it's also where Gorthrix will make his stand.
As they enter, a magic mouth trap challenges them to speak their name, and then casts a slow spell at them (save DC 13). Assuming some of the PCs are affected, Gorthrix then leaps out and attacks them – his stats are the same as a spy, and he begins the fight with his pet Gorthrox, a baboon, alongside him.
If they defeat him (and Gorthrix will surrender if the fight turns against him) – he warns them of what is on the roof. The boys are there, he says, but not like they were – he begs for forgiveness – he wanted to be left alone, but those beasts were just too much for him to handle – he never meant for them to kill the boys, or – what they have become.
Gorthrix's room is here, and it has some of his treasure – although most of the shiny trinkets have been taken by the stirges. He carries 20gp on his person in a leather purse, and two potions of healing. He will offer the money as a bribe for them to spare them – but tries to keep the potions to recover his and Gorthrox's wounds.
The Second Floor
Has a crumbling, uneven floor – as the PCs walk across it, they can hear it creaking and moaning. Each PC has to make a Stealth or Acrobatics check, DC 10, to cross without alerting the stirge nested above. Halflings and gnomes not wearing heavy armour can make this check with advantage. If half or more of the PCs fail the check, a creaking floorboard snaps, and the ceiling above collapses as the stirge fall about onto them.
Cautious testing, looking for footprints and dust, and a DC 15 Investigation roll can show where there has been movement and where there hasn't on the floor, also granting advantage on the above roll.
If they spared Gorthrix, when he sees the PCs in combat with the stirge and zombies he will try and seize the opportunity to get his revenge on them by assisting the monsters in this fight.
The Third Floor
This is where the stirge nest, and a horrible sight it is. In the centre of the room lie the bloated bodies of the two boys killed exploring. The stirge around seem to be feeding them their own blood, and the boys have changed into something undead and horrific. As they move to attack, a fat, blood-drenched stirge with a bulbous belly sits on the ground – the Stirge Queen, who is laying her eggs in the boys. Beyond this scene, a nest full of shiny things beckons – see Rewards below.
The two boys have statistics as zombies, and move immediately to attack backed by two stirge. As the combat continues, another two stirge join the following round, and another two the round after – defending their nest, they fight alongside one another and attempt to attack the tastiest-looking (or fattest) adventurers – they are particularly fond of halfling and gnome.
If both of the boys are killed, the remaining stirge panic, as their eggs spill out from the bodies and they flee from the tower. At this point, the stirge queen (as a normal stirge but 10 hp from her fat, egg-filled belly) fights as the rest of them attempt to flee.
In the stirge nest, the accumulated shiny things they have collected can be found. They one malachite gem per PC (each worth 10gp), plus a single bigger bloodstone gem (worth 50gp) mixed in a pile with 100 sp and 30 cp. The cp have been polished to a shine by stirge proboscises, and will need a good wash before any merchant will accept them.
May 8, 2020 by guyeatsfood
D&D One-Shots Done Right – Review: Uncaged, volume 1
adventure, d&d, d20, fantasy, review, rpg
If there's one thing that is like looking for a needle in a haystack, it's decent one-shots for D&D 5th edition. There are hundreds of them out there on DMs Guild, but picking through them to find those with good quality and the style of play that I like is a challenge. After I spent last summer running D&D one-shots, I've kept D&D as a regular source of one-shot fun, particularly for newcomers to the hobby (read the posts linked above for my reasoning why I think D&D is right for this).
So, there's Uncaged (this review is of Volume 1 – there are now three more volumes). From it's own product description, it's a set of folklore-themed adventures that "subvert tropes around female mythological creatures." If that sounds a bit complex, in layman's terms each adventure is focused around a female creature of myth, and does interesting stuff with them.
So there's a hag adventure, a lamia adventure, a banshee adventure, and so forth. RPGs have had, and continue to have, some issues with representation, so this is a great concept for a product – a book around female monsters produced by a team of female writers and artists.
In volume 1 there are a total of 26 adventures – 14 Tier 1, 7 Tier 2, 4 Tier 3 and a single Tier 1. I'm not surprised that there are more for lower tiers, and that suits me to be fair.
First out, these are proper one-shots. They're each 2-4 hours of play, and contain just enough setting to make sense. The advantage of this is that they can be slotted in anywhere – I'd put some of these in to Ravnica or Eberron without any trouble at all – which makes them useful as drop-in adventures. In some cases, the setting is pretty integral to the adventure, so this makes them harder to drop into an ongoing campaign, but it's great if you're looking for one-shots.
Because of this, though, it helps when you run it to try and embed the PCs into the adventure and setting a bit deeper – I've used Backstory cards when I've run them to make sure the PCs feel like they have a shared past. It's also a good opportunity to share out some of the fleshing out of the stuff that isn't always in the adventures – in case they encounter some town guards, the PC who used to be in them can describe how the guards work in this city.
Each adventure comes with a featured piece of art, and the book is nicely laid out without being too fussy – there's also a printer friendly version of each adventure you can print out individually to have at the table, and separate files for player maps. There's a hardcopy POD option from Drivethru, but I haven't explored that yet – I just downloaded the .pdf. Also worth noting that any content warnings are up front at the start of each adventure, again really useful if you're running one-shots for people you don't know.
First up, although the adventures are all by different authors, and there's a refreshing diversity in their plot structure, they are generally excellent. None of these are dungeon-crawling adventures, and all involve investigation and roleplaying, presented in an easy-to-use way with skill DCs up-front and clear. The adventures aren't long, either – and they have had a solid edit to take out any unnecessary waffle.
There is combat in them (this is D&D after all), but the conclusion of an adventure is as likely to be a negotiation or compromise, or discovering a secret, as a pitched battle. The combat encounters, in the ones that I've run (all Tier 1), have been balanced and fair for D&D5e – which is to say, I'd recommend running the CR numbers through the D&D system and beefing them up a bit. In most of the adventures there are, at most, 2-3 combat encounters, so you might want to make key battles more challenging. Likewise, some of the adventures have adjustments for different level parties, while some are just for the set level stated – all are easy enough to adjust up and down.
There's also quite a few bits where skills are tested and investigations take place. This is an opportunity, if you're inclined, to try out one of the skill challenge systems here – how they are presented in each adventure varies.
This is a really good book if you want to run D&D one-shots. Particularly for new players, they showcase the social interaction aspect of play really well, in a way that can be missing in more 'traditional' D&D adventures – it is one of the three pillars of D&D play after all. Because they are tightly presented and edited, they are also easy to disassemble, rearrange, and adapt. In all honesty, many of these would be excellent run with different systems as well – and easy to adapt.
So far, I've run Maid in Waterdeep (level 1), Lai of the Sea Hag (level 2) – twice, and A Wild Hunt (level 2) – and all have been really satisfying. A Wild Hunt features the kumiho, shapeshifting fox-women from Korean folklore, and manages to make them both frightening and sympathetic.
Fully recommended – and I'm sure the other 3 anthologies are similar. These are also an excellent source of plots and explorations of creatures for systems other than D&D, which is testament to its quality. A great source of one-shot D&D adventures – and a great toolkit to pull apart and reuse in pieces too.


Face, body, hands, hair: finally, a true multi-purpose cream!
It can be applied as a cream or as a mask to the face, body, hands, and even to hair tips. Rich, non-greasy texture is suitable for all skin types, even sensitive skin. It provides instant moisture with Sephora's exclusive plant-derived active ingredient HydroSenn+™: it intensely moisturizes and softens skin, providing it with ultimate comfort.


text:
"""Tests for mm1_queue."""
import functools

import numpy as np
from absl.testing import absltest
from absl.testing import parameterized

from differential_value_iteration.environments import mm1_queue

class MM1QueueTest(parameterized.TestCase):

  def test_create_mdp(self):
    max_stored_jobs = 5
    cost_fn = functools.partial(mm1_queue.linear_cost_fn, cost_constant=5.)
    mdp = mm1_queue.create(arrival_rate=1., service_rate=1., admit_reward=5.,
                           cost_fn=cost_fn, max_stored_jobs=max_stored_jobs,
                           dtype=np.float64)
    self.assertTrue(mdp is not None)

if __name__ == '__main__':
  absltest.main()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Treated Lumber- Wood Under Pressure
Posted on September 4, 2008 January 4, 2018 by admin
What is pressure treatment?
Pressure treatment is a process that forces chemical preservatives into the wood. Wood is placed inside a closed cylinder, then vacuum and pressure are applied to force the preservatives into the wood. The preservatives help protect the wood from attack by termites, other insects, and fungal decay.
What types of pressure treatments are used?
Waterborne, Creosote, and Oil-borne (penta) are the three broad classes of preservatives typically used when pressure-treating wood.
Wood treated with waterborne preservatives is typically used in residential, commercial and industrial building structures. Creosote is primarily used for treating railroad ties, guardrail posts, and timbers used in marine structures. Oil-borne (penta) is most often used for treating utility poles and cross arms.
Several typical waterborne preservatives used in building applications include: Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA-C), Alkaline Copper Quat (ACQ-C, ACQ-D, ACQ-D Carbonate), Micronized Copper Quat (MCQ), Copper Azole (CBA-A & CA-B) and Sodium Borates (SBX/DOT).
These treatments are often referred to by trade names such as: Wolmanized Natural Select™ (Copper Azole), Preserve and NatureWood® (ACQ), MicroPro™, Smart Sense™ (MCQ), and Advance Guard® (Borate). Each preservative usually has a number of variations available so care should be exercised when specifying treated wood.
Some different oil-borne preservatives that are used are Chlorpyrifos/IBPC, Copper Naphthenate and Pentachlorophenol. One advantage of these treatments is that they do not create swelling in the wood, but there is generally an added cost over water-borne treatments as well as availability in some regions.
What does retention level mean and what retention level should I use?
Retention level refers to the amount of preservative that remains in the wood after the treatment process is complete. It is measured on a weight basis and is typically expressed as pounds of preservative per cubic foot (pcf) of wood.
There are a number of typical retention levels available. Generally, the harsher the condition the wood is exposed to, the higher the retention level must be.
For Above Ground use/exposures the following retentions are typical: (i.e. wood not in contact with soil)
0.25 pcf for ACQ, CCA-C, MCQ 0.20 pcf for CBA-A 0.10 pcf for CA-B
For Ground Contact use / exposures the following retentions are typical: (i.e. wood in contact with soil)
For wood with actual retention levels greater than 0.40 pcf for ACQ MCQ, 0.41 pcf for CBA-A, or 0.21 pcf for CA-B (Ground Contact), Stainless Steel connectors and fasteners are recommended. Verify actual retention level with the wood treater.
For retention levels at or below ground contact use, consult our Guidelines for Selecting the Proper Connector.
See treated wood industry web sites for other use/exposure categories and retention levels.
What types of wood can be pressure treated and what are the differences in corrosion rates?
Trees / logs from which commercial wood is cut have a number of different layers. The two primary layers are called heartwood and sapwood. Heartwood provides most of the "structural" strength to the living tree while the sapwood transports the sap from the base of the tree up to the leaves.
Wood preservatives penetrate sapwood easier than heartwood. As a result, wood species such as Southern Pine, which have a high percentage of sapwood, are predominately used in pressure treating.
Wood species such as Douglas Fir have more heartwood so modifications are typically required to the preservative to achieve adequate penetration and retention levels. The modification that is usually made is to change the "carrier" used in the preservatives. Often this carrier uses an ammonia base, which improves the penetration but also tends to increase the corrosively of the preservative. (The carrier used to treat sapwood species usually has an amine base.) This increase in corrosively may be short term or long term. Hybrid carriers, a mix of amine and ammonia bases, may also be used to treat heartwood species.
Incising (perforating the wood with small slits) may also be utilized to increase the penetration of preservative in heartwood species.
Tell me a little about CCA.
Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) has been used successfully for a number of decades for pressure treating wood. Several types of CCA have been used, however, CCA-C (type C) has been the predominant preservative used for wood likely to come in contact with the products Simpson manufactures.
Why was the use of CCA discontinued for residential and general consumer use?
In recent years pressure treated wood received negative publicity mainly focused on the use of arsenic in CCA. The increasing pressure to eliminate the use of CCA resulted in the treated wood products industry voluntarily transitioning from CCA to alternative preservative systems.
CCA is no longer being produced for residential or general consumer use.
What products are still manufactured using CCA?
CCA treated wood products are still produced for use in some industrial, highway, and agricultural applications. These uses will include wood used as poles, piles, guardrail posts, and wood used in saltwater marine exposures.
What products took the place of CCA-C?
A number of alternative preservatives are available. These include ACQ-C (Alkaline Copper Quat Type C), ACQ-D Carbonate (Alkaline Copper Quat Type D, Carbonate formulation), CBA-A and CA-B (Copper Azole Types A and B), as well as SBX/DOT (Sodium Borate) and Zinc Borate preservatives. As mentioned earlier, each preservative usually has a number of variations available so care should be exercised when specifying treated wood.
It is expected that the formulations used in these products will continue to undergo periodic modifications so once again, care should be exercised when specifying any treated wood.
Are these alternative products more corrosive than CCA-C?
Testing has indicated that some of the alternative products are more corrosive to steel and some protective coatings applied over steel than Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA-C). Contact the treated wood chemical supplier for more information and see the Preservative Treated Wood Technical Bulletin (PDF).
What metals and protective coatings does the Pressure Treated Wood Industry recommend for use with these newer products?
Hot-dip galvanized or stainless steel fasteners, anchors and hardware are recommended by the Pressure Treated Wood Industry for use with treated wood. This has been the position of this industry for years and their position has not changed with the transition to the alternative copper-based products. In the past this industry did not address the required levels of galvanizing, however most of those in the industry now provide information regarding the minimum level of galvanizing that should be used.
The thicker the galvanized coating the longer the expected service life of the fastener, connector, anchor, or other hardware will be.
Electroplated / electro galvanized and mechanically galvanized coatings should not be considered to be hot-dip galvanized. (Class 55, or higher, mechanical galvanizing provides galvanizing equivalent to the hot-dip galvanizing used on connectors and fasteners. Ref. ASTM B695 for additional information.)
It is also worth noting that the galvanized coating thickness varies depending on the galvanizing process used. Remember, the thicker the galvanized coating, the longer the expected service life of the steel will be.
Refer to the different chemical manufacturers and/or treaters as well for their recommendations. A list of trade names is included at the bottom of this page.
Are all stainless steels acceptable for use with pressure-treated wood?
All stainless steels may not be acceptable for use with pressure treated wood. Testing has shown that Types 304 and 316 stainless steels perform very well with CCA-C, ACQ-C, ACQ-D Carbonate, CBA-A, and CA-B treated woods. Type 316 stainless steel contains slightly more nickel than other grades, plus 2-4% molybdenum, giving it better corrosion resistance in high chloride environments prone to cause pitting such as environments exposed to sea water.
What is hot-dip galvanizing?
Hot-dip galvanizing is a process of providing a protective coating (zinc) over bare steel. The bare steel is cleaned, pickled, fluxed, then dipped in a molten bath of zinc and allowed to cool prior to inspection and shipping. Additional information is available at www.galvinfo.com. Some anchors and fasteners can be hot-dip galvanized. Steel connectors can be hot-dip galvanized (See below: "What is the difference between Simpson's Hot-Dip Galvanized (HDG) products and products that are hot-dip galvanized after fabrication?" for additional information.)
Terms such as G90 & G185 reflect the galvanized coating thickness that meet the ASTM A653 specification for sheet steel.
What is Mechanical Galvanizing?
Mechanical galvanizing is a process of providing a protective coating (zinc) over bare steel. The bare steel is cleaned and loaded into a tumbler containing non-metallic impact beads and zinc powder. As the tumbler is spun, the zinc powder mechanically adheres to the parts. The zinc coating has "good" durability, but has less abrasion resistance than hot-dip galvanized zinc coatings since it does not metallurgical bond with the steel. Some anchors and fasteners can be mechanically galvanized.
What is ZMAX®?
ZMAX® is a thicker coating (galvanized per ASTM A653 with a G185 coating) than the standard hot-dip galvanized coating (galvanized per ASTM A653 with a G90 coating). This thicker coating is available on select Simpson Strong-Tie connectors. Due to this increased galvanized thickness these connectors would be expected to have a longer service life than standard galvanized connectors. See Simpson Coatings Available for additional information.
What is the difference between Simpson's Hot-Dip Galvanized (HDG) products and products that are hot-dip galvanized after fabrication?
There are two processes used to hot-dip galvanize parts: (1) "continuous" hot-dip galvanizing ("Continuous HDG") and (2) "batch" or "post" hot-dip galvanizing ("Batch/Post HDG").
Continuous HDG is generally used to galvanize steel coils at various speeds (up to 600 feet per minute) on thinner gauge steels (galvanized per ASTM A653). Simpson uses this type of steel to fabricate most thinner gauge products.
Batch/Post HDG is generally used to galvanize heavier individual parts not capable of being fabricated from galvanized steel coils (galvanized per ASTM A123 for connectors and ASTM A153 for fasteners). After being fabricated, the parts are dipped into molten zinc for a longer period of time than Continuous HDG, usually resulting in a thicker coating and more protection against corrosion. Batch/Post HDG can be used on Simpson connectors, such as CC and CB column caps and bases and thicker gauge hangers(14 gauge and thicker).
What products does Simpson have available in stainless steel, ZMAX®, and hot-dip galvanized after fabrication (Batch/Post HDG)?
Simpson has a broad selection of these products. Call factory for availability at 1-800-999-5099, view our updated list of corrosion-resistant products online, or download our flier F-3FINISHES (PDF).
What Simpson products should I use with the new alternative pressure-treated woods?
Stainless Steel is always the most effective solution to corrosion risk. However, it is also more expensive and sometimes more difficult to obtain. To best serve our customers, Simpson is evaluating the options to identify the safest and most cost-effective solutions. Based on our testing and experience there are some specific applications that are appropriate for ZMAX®/HDG or G90 connectors (see Guidelines for Selecting the Proper Connector to select appropriate connector for your situation.) Click here for recommendations for Quik Drive fasteners.
See the Preservative Treated Wood Technical Bulletin (PDF).
What is a fastener?
When the term "fastener" is used it is typically referring to a nail, screw, bolt, or anchor.
What is a connector?
When the term "connector" is used it is typically referring to a manufactured device that is used to connect two or more wood members together, or to attach a wood member to concrete or concrete masonry. Fasteners are used in conjunction with the connector to effectively join the members.
Joist hangers, post bases, hurricane ties, and mudsill anchors are all examples of a connector.
Can I use galvanized fasteners with stainless steel connectors?
No. You should not use galvanized fasteners with stainless steel connectors. Stainless steel fasteners should be used with stainless steel connectors. Galvanizing (zinc) and stainless steel are considered to be dissimilar metals which can cause the zinc to corrode when placed in contact with the stainless steel. This would result in the galvanized fasteners losing their protective coating faster than expected.
Hot-dip galvanized and stainless steel components should not be placed in contact with each other.
What fasteners should I use with pressure-treated wood?
The Treated Wood Industry recommends the use of hot-dip galvanized or stainless steel fasteners for use with treated wood. (See above: "What metals and protective coatings does the Pressure Treated Wood Industry recommend for use with the "new generation / alternative" products?" for additional information.) You should not mix the use of hot-dip and stainless steel fasteners and connectors. Click here for recommendations for Quik Drive fasteners.
Hot-Dip Galvanized (HDG) or double-barrier coat fasteners must be used with ZMAX® and HDG connectors. If hot-dip galvanized lag screws are used in connectors instead of the required galvanized Simpson Strong-Drive screws, contact Simpson for applicable load reductions.
How long will my fasteners, connectors, and anchors last when used in pressure-treated wood?
Many environmental and other factors affect the service life of fasteners, connectors, and anchors. The test standards do not enable the test results to be translated into expected service life information. It is impossible to accurately predict the service life of any specific installation.
At the time of installation my pressure-treated wood was installed dry (moisture content less than 19%) and it was installed in a condition where it will remain dry throughout its service life. What connector coating finish or material should I use?
Simpson's standard G90 galvanized connectors may be used with the following wood treatments: ACQ-C, ACQ-D (Carbonate), CBA-A, CA-B, SBX/DOT, and Zinc Borate if the wood was installed dry and will remain dry throughout its service life. If the chemical retention level in the treated wood exceeds the Ground Contact level then Stainless Steel connectors are recommended. (Ground Contact level is: 0.40 pcf for ACQ, 0.41 pcf for CBA-A, and .21 pcf for CA-B). Verify the actual retention level with the wood treater. SBX/DOT and Zinc Borate treated woods are less corrosive than CCA-C treated wood — as a result the retention level of these woods is not of much concern and standard G90 galvanized connectors can be used.
I have pressure-treated mudsills. Should I be using stainless steel anchor bolts? What about hot-dip galvanized?
The mudsill is a location that is considered dry in comparison to a deck, for example. For wood that is installed and remains dry, the corrosion potential will be comparatively low. Regarding code issues, section R319.3 of the 2006 International Residential Code (IRC) addresses fasteners for pressure-, preservative-, and fire-retardant-treated wood; Bolts of ½" and greater do not need to be hot-dip galvanized steel, stainless steel, silicon bronze or copper.
What are these white deposits on my connectors and are they bad?
The white powdery substance which can form on the surface of a connector is commonly referred to as "white rust" or wet storage stain. This presence of this substance on the connector can vary from unsightly to problematic. Simpson connectors are coated with zinc to help protect against base metal corrosion (G90 has 0.90 oz/ft2 and G185 has 1.85 oz/ft2). The nature of zinc, as a metal, is that it is relatively reactive, insofar as oxide layers form on the surface, some of them quickly. The formation of these oxide layers is a byproduct of the environment in which the connector is placed. These oxide layers often are seen in the form of white deposits or white rust on the surface of the connector. White rust may be caused by closely packed, newly-galvanized products that are stored in damp or poorly ventilated conditions. If, after steel manufacturing, the steel is coiled while still wet, a zinc hydroxide layer will form that may prevent other protective oxide films from forming on the surface. The time of the year can also have an impact on "white rust" appearance. It is also possible that the surface irregularities associated with the thicker G185 coating might hold more moisture to the surface of the steel and show more white rust. The extent of film coverage is a factor of the exposure to moisture, the temperature during storage and the presence of accelerating corrodents. White rust can exist without contact with pressure treated wood, but the problem may be exacerbated by the chemicals in the wood.
It is possible that other white substances can develop on the surface of connectors. Some environments such as those with high chloride/salt content can form white deposits. Appearance aside, it is unlikely white rust has any negative impact on the protection that zinc provides.
For more information on this topic, refer the links below: www.galvanizeit.org www.galvinfo.com/index-3.html
What about applying a barrier or epoxy around the anchor bolts to prevent corrosion?
This is an application that Simpson cannot comment on, as it is unclear whether or not this is suitable.
What should I do if I have existing fasteners and connectors installed in contact with preservative treated wood that is not CCA-C?
If possible, you should verify the specific type of preservative treated wood you have – including the chemicals used, retention level and the wood species. Much of this information is often on a tag stapled to the end of the boards, or may be ink stamped on the boards.
You should also perform periodic inspection of your connectors, fasteners, and anchors to ensure their strength is not being adversely affected by corrosion. It may be necessary to have a local professional perform the inspections.
The treated wood industry has recommended the use of stainless steel and hot-dip galvanized (HDG) fasteners and connectors for years. Their recommendation is still the same for use with the "alternative" treatments that are replacing CCA-C. (See above: "What is the difference between Simpson's Hot-Dip Galvanized (HDG) products and products that are hot-dip galvanized after fabrication?" for an explanation on the different types of hot-dip galvanizing.)
If your fasteners, connectors, or other items in contact with the treated wood do not follow the treated wood industry recommendations and/or Simpson's recommendations then you should seriously consider replacing them. A local professional civil or structural engineer should be used to provide the necessary guidance when replacing these types of structural items.
What experience has Simpson had with the alternative treatments that are replacing CCA-C?
Simpson first became aware of some CCA-C alternatives being used when we received reports of increased connector and fastener corrosion when installed with some treated woods. These reports led us to explore the phenomena and expand our corrosion warning in our catalog to include specific language related to treated wood.
As time progressed and the public concern over the safety of CCA-C intensified, the treated wood industry decided to voluntarily phase out CCA-C.
Simpson has tested more than 1,800 samples of various combinations of steels, coatings, preservative treatments, wood species, and over 3,000 fasteners to try to better understand the issues. Using the American Wood-Preservers Association test standard E12-94 for many of these tests, our results indicate there are some significant differences between the corrosion rates of CCA-C and some of the "alternative" products. The E12-94 test standard is an accelerated test method. The test results may or may not have a relation to actual service life. It is worth noting that many variables can affect the test results, including the characteristics of the wood as well as a number of chemical additives that can be added to the treatments.
The connector industry's standard hot-dip galvanized specification of G60 has been used successfully with CCA for several decades. This level of galvanization now needs to be increased as a result of the use of newer "alternative" replacements for CCA-C. Generally, the thicker the hot-dip galvanized coating is, the longer the expected service life of the connector or fastener should be. We offer many products in ZMAX®, hot-dip galvanized (HDG), mechanically galvanized and stainless steel for use with the treated woods of today. (ZMAX® is our branded name for continuous hot-dip galvanized steel with a G185 specification that provides more than three times the zinc of the industry standard G60 galvanized coating.)
The suitability of fasteners and connectors is now not only dependant on the long list of environmental factors that always applied, but to a much greater extent than before, is also dependant on the base treating chemicals, additives, and wood species used. When anticipating the use of steel connectors and fasteners with treated lumber, users should consult our Preservative Treated Wood Technical Bulletin (PDF), the treated lumber chemical supplier, and the wood treater for specific recommendations.
Due to the many variables involved, many of which are controlled by the chemical supplier and the wood treater, Simpson cannot make an unqualified recommendation of any galvanized or other coating for use with treated wood. Additionally, because of the many variables involved, Simpson cannot provide estimates on service life of connectors, anchors or fasteners.
How often should I inspect the fasteners and connectors on my deck or other accessible exterior projects?
The rate of corrosion is dependent on many factors including environmental and project specific conditions. Your periodic inspections should be related to the severity of the exposure and other project-specific conditions.
How do I properly specify pressure treated wood?
At a minimum you should specify the wood species, the preservative, retention level and which options, if any, you require. (One option example would be to add a water repellant to the preservative being used.)
You should also talk with the treater to determine what "carrier / base", and what other additives are being used so you can assess the corrosive potential of the treated wood. Formulations with an ammonia carrier may be more corrosive than those with an amine carrier. See above, What types of wood can be pressure treated and what are the differences in corrosion rates? for more information.
Once you know the specific treatment parameters that are being used, then you need to ensure you have specified appropriate fasteners, connectors, and other hardware.
Can I use "barriers" between my Simpson connectors and pressure treated wood to prevent corrosion?
See our technical bulletin on the use of barriers, Barrier Membranes and Preservative Treated Wood (PDF).
What testing has Simpson performed?
See the Preservative Treated Wood Technical Bulletin (PDF) and Barrier Membranes and Preservative Treated Wood Technical Bulletin (PDF).
What is the difference between Salt Spray corrosion testing and Treated Wood corrosion testing?
These two types of tests use entirely different test standards and test environments. Salt spray tests are intended to provide relative corrosion information of items exposed to exterior environments and use salt solutions along with elevated temperature to accelerate corrosion rates. Treated wood tests are intended to provide relative corrosion information of items in contact with preservative treated woods and typically use humidity and elevated temperature to accelerate corrosion rates. Neither test can be translated to determine the expected service life of a specific installation.
There is no apparent correlation between Salt Spray and Treated Wood corrosion tests. The fact that one item performs well in one of these two tests does not necessarily mean that it will perform well in the other test.
What information can Simpson Strong-Tie share about claims that some newer treated wood chemical formulations are less corrosive than some currently available products?
Simpson Strong-Tie periodically conducts testing of various preservative treated wood materials which come into contact with our structural connectors and fasteners. With these results, information is conveyed through catalogs, technical bulletins, fliers and training sessions. Simpson will continue to test materials until treated wood and potential corrosion problems are resolved. As always, users should educate themselves by consulting with the chemical manufacturer of the product and other sources about claims made about the viability of a particular product.
Is it safe to use G90 connectors with Micronized Copper Quaternary (MCQ™ or Smart Sense-MicroPro™) pressure-treated wood?
MCQ is one of the newer pressure-treated wood formulations on the market, which claims to be less corrosive to metal connectors and fasteners.
Simpson Strong-Tie tested Smart Sense-MicroPro (MCQ) and ACQ CarboQuat pressure-treated woods (0.25 pcf and 0.40 pcf retention levels were used for both treated woods) to measure corrosion rates. Simpson Strong-Tie followed the general requirements of the AWPA E12 test criteria with minor exceptions. Simpson went beyond the minimum 10-day requirement established by AWPA E12 and took measurements of G90 and G185 coupons at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. (Note: This is our standard protocol for corrosion testing and provides additional data points to better establish the trend in corrosion rates.)
Our test results indicated that the potential corrosion rate of Smart Sense-MicroPro (MCQ) treated wood is somewhat less than the ACQ wood that was tested. However, the MCQ corrosion level was not reduced enough to warrant recommending the use of G90 in all applications.
Therefore, for MCQ treated lumber, our minimum recommendation is to use G90 for Interior Dry Applications where the wood is dry (moisture content less than 19%) when installed and will remain dry in-service. For Exterior Applications, wet or dry (that are not Higher Exposure), Simpson recommends ZMAX®/HDG connectors as a minimum. For Higher Exposure environments, such as along coastlines, Simpson recommends Type 303, 304, 305 or 316 Stainless Steel connectors and fasteners. (Note: When using Stainless Steel connectors, use Stainless Steel fasteners. When using ZMAX®/HDG connectors, use fasteners galvanized per ASTM A153.)
See our Connector Coating Recommendation table for additional information.
American Galvanizers Association www.galvanizeit.org
American Wood-Preservers' Association www.awpa.com
Arch Wood Protection, Inc. www.archchemicals.com
Viance www.treatedwood.com
Forest Products Laboratory – U.S. Dept. of Agriculture www.fpl.fs.fed.us
GalvInfo Center www.galvinfo.com
Kop Coat-Trib II http://kop-coat.com/
Osmose, Inc. www.osmose.com
Southern Pine Council www.southernpine.com
U.S. Borax Inc. www.borax.com
Western Wood Preservers Institute www.wwpinstitute.org
Wood Treatment Products, Inc. www.eswoodtreatment.com Note: Links to third party sites are provided as a convenience. Simpson Strong-Tie Co., Inc. does not review or control the linked sites and these links do not constitute any endorsement or assumption of responsibility for the contents of these sites.

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Home > Books > Personalities Books > Dame Edna Everage (John Barry Humphries) (John Lahr) ( 0-374-13456-1 )
B1547. JOHN LAHR. Dame Edna Everage and the Rise of Western Civilization [Backstage with Barry Humphries]. New York, Farrar-Straus-Giroux, 1992. 242pp. Photos; DJ. - 0-374-13456-1
CRITIC REVIEW:
�gJohn Barry Humphries is an Australian comedian, satirist, dadaist, artist, author and character actor. He is best known for his on-stage and television alter egos Dame Edna Everage, a Melbourne housewife and �eGigastar�f, and Sir Les Patterson, Australia's foul-mouthed cultural attache to the Court of St. James'. He is a film producer and script writer, a star of London's West End musical theatre, an award-winning writer and an accomplished landscape painter. For his delivery of dadaist and absurdist humour to millions, biographer Anne Pender described Humphries in 2010 as not only �ethe most significant theatrical figure of our time�f [but] �ethe most significant comedian to emerge since Charlie Chaplin�f. Humphries' characters, especially Dame Edna Everage, have brought him international renown, and he has appeared in numerous films, stage productions and television shows. Originally conceived as a dowdy Moonee Ponds housewife who caricatured Australian suburban complacency and insularity, Edna has evolved over four decades to become a satire of stardom, the gaudily dressed, acid-tongued, egomaniacal, internationally feted Housewife Gigastar, Dame Edna Everage.
Humphries' forte has always been his one-man satirical stage revues, in which he appears as Edna Everage and a host of other character creations, including Les Patterson and Sandy Stone. There can be few (if any) comedians who can boast the career longevity he has enjoyed with Dame Edna, whose popularity shows no signs of flagging after fifty years. Humphries' success is a tribute to the tremendous skill, style and insight �eand hard work�fthat he invests in performing two-and-a-half hour shows of entirely original material, laced with ad-libbing, improvisation and audience participation segments. Dame Edna Everage is undoubtedly one of the most enduring Australian comic characters of all time, and one of the longest-lived comedic characterisations ever devised. Originally conceived in 1956, Edna has long since transcended her modest origins as a satire of Australian suburbia to become one of the most successful, best-known and best loved comedy characters of all time.�h
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Q: How can I display 100 json data in HTML? I am new to html, css and javascript and I am making a basic project to learn. I will have 2 pages:list page and detail page. In list page, I need to display posts on the html screen. I only display the title and body of the posts to the screen. I need to fetch the post datas from https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts
My HTML code for list page:
<!DOCTYPE html>

        <title>List</title>

my javascript code:
const api_url='https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1';

async function getISS(){
   const response = await fetch(api_url);
   const data= await response.json();
   const { title, body } = data;

   document.getElementById('title').textContent=title;
   document.getElementById('body').textContent=body;
}

getISS();

this code only displays the post with id number 1 as you see here:
output
How can I list all the posts title and body? Should I use loop for it? There is 100 post in the JSON and I need to display all of this posts titles and bodies.

A: The way I do this in React is by using the map method on the data array. You can do the same thing with JavaScript and HTML. Essentially you want to map over the data array and for each element you want to create a new element. Something like this:
const posts = [{name: "first", id: 1}, {name: "second", id: 2}]
posts.map((post) => //create the element);

Since you're using an API, posts would just be the response you get from the API (which should be an array)

A:
try this js:

async function getISS() {
  const response = await fetch('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts');

  const res = await response.json();
  let anstitle = '';
  let ansbody = '';
  res.map((item) => {
    anstitle += item.title;
    ansbody += item.body;
  })

  document.getElementById('title').textContent = anstitle;
  document.getElementById('body').textContent = ansbody;
}

getISS();

A:

const api_url='https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/';

async function getISS(){
   const response = await fetch(api_url);
   const data= await response.json();
   const { title, body } = data;

    let content = data.map((d,i)=> {
      return`
             post: ${+i+1}

 ${d.title}

 ${d.body}

        `
    })
   document.querySelector('body').innerHTML=content.join('');
}

getISS();

A: Please pay attention to link of API endpoint you are calling-
const api_url='https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1';
You are telling, that you want to get post with id 1.
Try removing /1 from from api_url variable, so it will look like this:
const api_url='https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts';
Note that this will return JSON array of posts, so you may need to modify your javascript to display all posts that you are getting from the API.
Hope this helps.

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text:
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The Horrific Truth of Animal Sexual Abuse
Our work is full of joy and of heartbreak. We see the best of what people and animals do for one another, but unfortunately, we sometimes have a front row seat for the worst.
Last week, we responded to a report of an abandoned and injured puppy near Fort Dupont Park in SE DC. When our Animal Control Officer arrived on the scene, he found a sweet, brindle puppy lying on the side of the road; she had been discarded like a piece of trash. On closer inspection, he saw numerous wounds on her body and realized she was unable to use her back legs. Despite her terrible condition, she wagged her tail as Officers examined her. We named her Luna, determined to put her past behind her and give her the love, care, and kindness she deserves.
We rushed Luna to Friendship Hospital for Animals for emergency medical care. Veterinarians at Friendship found that Luna had five broken vertebrae, two of which required surgical stabilization. She also had what appear to be two stab wounds on her chest, and a dislocated hip that may need surgical repair in the future. Worst of all, we discovered injuries that indicated she was brutally sexually abused and was likely strangled.
We believe the abuse occurred over a period of weeks because the injuries have healed in varying stages. Given that Luna is about seven months old, this means she has endured a lot of abuse in her very short life.
The medical team has worked around the clock to care for Luna, and we are optimistic about her prognosis. With continued treatment, Luna is expected to walk again, and we believe she will be able to live a completely normal life. Friendship Hospital for Animals has generously offered to cover the cost of her care, which is estimated to exceed $20,000. We are incredibly grateful to have a community partner like FHA, who help us save and treat animals like Luna with such extensive and urgent care.
Meanwhile, we have launched an aggressive investigation to find the person responsible for Luna's abuse. This investigation is especially urgent because whomever did this to Luna is capable of violence to other animals – and to people.
Animal sexual abuse is more than a horrible act of animal cruelty – it's an important and critical indicator of potential issues of human interpersonal violence and sexual predation. There are especially strong indicators of a link between sexual abuse of animals and of people, especially children. A 2008 study of over 44,000 adult men evaluated for sexual misconduct found that bestiality abuse was the largest single risk factor, and the strongest predictor, of increased risk to commit sexual abuse of children.
Although we've been advocating for years to outlaw bestiality, the District of Columbia has the unfortunate distinction of being in line with only four states in the country – Hawaii, New Mexico, West Virginia, and Wyoming – that still have no law on the books prohibiting sexual contact between people and animals. Laws that explicitly prohibit bestiality are necessary despite existing prohibitions against aggravated animal cruelty because of the varied disturbing forms this type of abuse can manifest. All animal sexual abuse is predatory, cruel, and nonconsensual, and must be outlawed.
Fortunately the Animal Care and Control Omnibus Act of 2019 introduced by Councilmembers Mary Cheh, Brandon Todd, and Anita Bonds is currently pending before the Committee on the Judiciary and Public Safety. The bill would make animal sexual abuse a felony in the District and prohibit anyone convicted of sexually abusing an animal in any form from owning or having contact with an animal. We intend to double our efforts to pass this legislation – for Luna's sake, and for the sake of other animals who may be suffering in the shadows.
Luna isn't the first animal we've cared for who has been sexually abused and she won't be the last. The prevalence of bestiality is much more common than most people are aware of. We know there are sick, underground networks of online communities that exist to support and connect those with a common interest in this horrific practice. One popular online site -which thankfully has been shut down- boasted a membership of over 1 million users and featured tutorials and networking opportunities for sharing abused animals. I encourage anyone who works with or around animals, from veterinarians to groomers, to familiarize themselves with the signs of bestiality. The National Link Coalition offers a variety of resources and trainings for more information.
Even when I think I've seen it all, a case like Luna's rocks me to the core. While we work to heal Luna's body and spirit, we need the community's help to find the person responsible. Look at the picture of Luna today, and share it with others. With your help and support from generous partners like Friendship Hospital for Animals, we can keep our community safe, bring justice for Luna, and ensure she has the loving and joyful life she has always deserved.
Humane Rescue Alliance investigates second animal sexual abuse case in less than two weeks
The Humane Rescue Alliance is offering a reward for information leading to the identification, arrest and conviction of the person or persons responsible for allegedly sexually abusing Owen, a 3-month-old kitten. READ MORE
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