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How did America's youth get the right to vote?
Sep 21, 2021 | Arts & Culture, Politics & Society
By Jennifer Frost
In an extract from her new book "Let Us Vote: Youth Voting Rights and the 26th Amendment," Jennifer Frost outlines the path towards youth voting rights in the United States.
In 1969, pop musicians Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart released "L.U.V. (Let Us Vote)." "It's been a long time getting' here; A change is comin' and it's very near." Their first claim to fame was writing songs for a popular television show about an imaginary, Beatles-esque band, The Monkees, yet this song was far from just fun and frivolous. It was the campaign theme song for a grassroots student organization, Let Us Vote, founded that year in California.
The song had a focused aim—winning voting rights for young people—and it made an argument in support of that aim emphasizing young people's education and maturity.
L.U.V, I'm talking 'bout you and me
And changin' things peacefully
We're old enough so L.U.V.
It offered an optimistic message about the possibilities for social and political change at the end of the 1960s.
Let us vote!
It's time that we all made a contribution
Come on and let us vote
It's a solution
Boyce and Hart's song never achieved great popularity at the time (although it did make the Billboard chart), and few remember it today. But the story behind this song and how it was used to mobilize and organize is evidence of the thirty-year struggle for youth voting rights in the United States.
Paying attention to Boyce and Hart's "Let Us Vote" illustrates how Americans, old and young, Democrat and Republican, in politics and culture built a movement and momentum for the 26th Amendment to the US Constitution. This amendment, ratified in 1971, gave the right to vote to 18, 19, and 20-year olds and marked the last time that the United States significantly expanded and protected voting rights. Although historians, legal scholars, and political scientists have written persuasively about various aspects of this topic, there is only one book-length historical overview.[1]
Historical neglect of this important topic has given rise to a misinterpretation about how the 26th Amendment came about. Most scholars attribute its achievement to "top-down" efforts by politicians rather than "bottom-up" campaigns or a movement by young people themselves. This interpretation certainly has a basis in fact. Jennings Randolph, Democrat from West Virginia, has rightly earned the title "Father of the 26th Amendment." Starting in 1942 as a member of the House of Representatives and then continuing in the Senate, Randolph made it his goal to achieve voting rights for 18, 19, and 20-year-olds. In 1971, he fulfilled that goal, when his proposed constitutional amendment became the law of the land. "I'm the one who lowered the voting age, you know," he said in a later interview. "I gave 18-year-olds the vote," he added, reinforcing the top-down interpretation. "I'm proud of that."[2]
Correctly crediting proponents in Congress for their contributions, however, has led to a lack of recognition or respect for the role of young Americans as well as their many other older allies. "The Twenty-sixth Amendment was not sought by and was of no interest whatever to the eighteen-year-olds to whom it granted the vote," dismissed one scholar.[3] This claim that young people had little interest or involvement in winning the right to vote does not stack up against the historical evidence or the memories of participants. With the 50th anniversary of the penultimate amendment to the US Constitution upon us, I hope this historical study can begin to do justice to a major advance toward democracy and equality in the United States.
How and why calls and claims for youth suffrage emerged, proceeded, and succeeded over a thirty-year period are the overarching questions for this book. Understanding who participated, their arguments and strategies, their conflicts and coalitions, and developments on the local, state, and national levels helps to explain the success of youth voting rights specifically. These answers also can illuminate the process of political change more broadly.
The 26th Amendment was the result of a sustained struggle for youth suffrage, beginning in the early 1940s and lasting to the early 1970s. Although calls for lowering the voting age well predate the mid-20th century, these thirty years mark a period of consistent advocacy and action. Only in the crucial last phase of 1969-1971 did a national movement emerge. Putting those years within a longer time frame allows us to see how individual efforts and organized campaigns built the movement over three decades. During the 1940s and 1950s, a few prominent figures and organizations pushed for youth voting rights nationally and locally. In the second phase of the 1960s, the number and locations of proponents expanded exponentially and energized the existing efforts. These developments culminated in the youth franchise movement.
This longer, more expansive story makes it clear that youth voting rights were achieved not only through the actions of politicians but through the interrelationship of "top-down" and "bottom-up" forces. Proponents with political power—US leaders (including presidents, both Democratic and Republican), state officials, and members of prominent national organizations—interacted with Americans involved in campus and community organizing. They communicated and cooperated in myriad ways, directly and indirectly, across three decades. Participation from proponents in government, within organizations, and at the grassroots contributed to the political mobilization that led to this historic change.
A broad and bipartisan coalition characterized this mobilization. In the making from the start, this coalition came together formally in late 1968-early 1969 as the Youth Franchise Coalition. This coalition included well-known, older, multi-issue organizations and groups, such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and National Education Association (NEA), and new ones dedicated solely to the issue of youth voting rights, like Citizens for Vote 18 and Let's Vote 18. Together, they worked to lower the voting age to eighteen, shaping and sustaining the successful movement.
Over time, these proponents advanced numerous arguments for youth voting rights. Young Americans fulfilled citizenship responsibilities and so deserved the rights of citizenship. They had the maturity and education to vote. Their participation would strengthen democracy and government in the United States, and many more. Revealed and reflected in the chronology of the youth suffrage struggle—from World War II to the Vietnam War—was the most influential argument: "old enough to fight, old enough to vote." In 1942, the draft age for military service reduced to 18, yet voting remained a right gained only at 21. This profound unfairness and injustice propelled early proponents. The poignant rallying cry grew louder with the Korean War and louder still with the American war in Vietnam.
These efforts, campaigns, and eventual movement also involved a range of strategies on the local, state, and national level. Supporters initially pursued legislation, specifically constitutional amendments at both the state and federal levels. But later they engaged in education, organizing, lobbying, litigation, and cultural politics. The complicated structure of the US government—with a separation of powers between the states and the federal government and among the three branches of the federal government—plus the need to build grassroots support necessitated this range of strategies.
This multiplicity—of participants, organizations, arguments, and strategies—could have fragmented the youth franchise movement and undermined its effectiveness. The opposite happened. This multiplicity made the movement. It meant people had many points of entry and helped to transform isolated efforts and state campaigns into a national movement by 1969. And multiplicity gave the movement flexibility and energy in the final phase leading up to victory with the 26th Amendment in 1971.
By charting this thirty-year history of how and why the United States has a voting age of eighteen, one conclusion is obvious: the 1960s were pivotal. Progress toward achieving youth suffrage built on the decade's many social movements, political achievements, legal developments, and three additional constitutional amendments. Success came within the context of the 1960s, not at any earlier point in the thirty-year effort.
This success owed much to the African American struggle for civil and voting rights. "The Civil Rights Movement was a borning struggle," activist, singer, and scholar Bernice Johnson Reagon has argued.[4] It is well known that the freedom movement offered inspiration and impetus for all the activism that followed, including the student, antiwar, feminist, and other movements. Taken together, these movements created the circumstances and context during "the sixties" that made youth voting rights seem and in fact be possible. As proponent and Youth Franchise Coalition founder Paul J. Myer notes, "I think the confluence of civil rights and other issues began to form a cauldron of passion and activity that made it very hard for politicians to simply treat the vote as a nice thing to give. It forced politicians to not just put out statements but to actually act. That's where we were coming from."[5]
This familiar story about the profound influence of the freedom movement on the sixties takes a pragmatic twist with regard to youth suffrage. Civil rights organizations, leadership, and lobbyists were central to forming and furthering the youth franchise movement. Even more, civil rights legislation, legal arguments, and court decisions in the 1960s provided the legislative and legal path for the 18-year-old vote. Youth vote advocates and activists certainly drew inspiration from the freedom movement. They also got lessons in politics and policymaking and a concrete, practical way to achieve their goal.
The decade of the 1960s was pivotal to the achievement of youth voting rights in another way. It was during the sixties that young people committed to their own and others' enfranchisement came to the fore. Student and youth groups started to organize campaigns on campuses and at the state and local levels. Single-issue youth suffrage organizations spread. Given that youth activism is one of the defining characteristics of the sixties, it makes sense that this was the decade when young Americans built a movement to lower the voting age. Individual and collective efforts among youth can be found in earlier decades. But just as the sixties generation contributed to change in so many aspects of American life, they took the struggle for youth suffrage in new, politically advantageous directions.
In turn, the youth franchise movement needs to be understood as a "sixties movement." That it hasn't been can be explained partly by the larger scholarly neglect of this topic. Another reason is that the standard narrative of the sixties simplifies, truncates, or mischaracterizes the decade's events and developments. As a result, few historical surveys of the 1960s include the 26th Amendment much less the movement that achieved it. A sign of this inattention is that early editions of one important history misnamed it (since corrected!) the "Thirty-sixth Amendment to the Constitution."[6] British historian of the global 1960s, Arthur Marwick observed fifteen years ago that "too little attention is still given to the way in which young people, at the age of eighteen, were given the vote."[7] His observation still holds true, even if "given" doesn't quite capture how the 26th Amendment came about.
The absence of that story, the proponents, and their movement from our histories of the 1960s means we miss one of the most consequential changes of that transformative decade. I did so myself, until recently. Twenty years ago I published a book on the 1960s and started teaching a course titled "Making Sense of the Sixties" (a title borrowed from a 1991 PBS documentary series). Only in 2014, after offering that course many times, did I teach about the 26th Amendment. I remember preparing my last lecture on the legacies of the sixties, when I realized, "wait, didn't young people get the right to vote?" Fortunately, we assign as a required reading a brief chronology of the decade courtesy of David Farber and Beth Bailey, which includes the amendment.[8] From that moment, I knew I wanted to research and write this history.
As it turns out, this history offers a different perspective on the 1960s. Placing the movement for youth voting rights alongside other sixties movements and in its proper context challenges the standard narrative and reinforces revisionist interpretations of the decade in several ways.
The standard narrative presents the chronology of the 1960s as a discrete decade from 1960 to 1970. In fact, some early histories end even earlier, in 1968 or 1969, at just the time the struggle for youth suffrage became a movement. Similarly, activism among high school students "peaked between 1968 and 1973," Gael Graham found.[9] Describing this period as "the sixties" rather than "the 1960s" already indicates a broader timeframe and defines, as John D'Emilio does, "an era organically bound together by events, outlook, and mood." Adopting the revisionist concept of the "long sixties" further brings into view the youth franchise movement and the 26th Amendment. D'Emilio, Wini Breines, and Andrew Hunt have argued for expanding our chronology. These historians have made the case that movements emerging in the later 1960s and into the 1970s, like women's liberation, gay liberation, and Vietnam Veterans Against the War, were sixties movements. They, like youth suffrage, need to be included in our histories of the era.[10]
Importantly, including these movements and their social and political impact changes the standard narrative, the story we tell of the era. According to this initial version of events, the early "good" sixties of the civil rights movement and a young President John F. Kennedy devolved into the late "bad" sixties of defeat in Vietnam and riots in the streets. This so-called "declension" interpretation of the 1960s as identified by Breines can be seen in book titles. "Coming Apart," "The Unraveling of America," and "Years of Hope, Days of Rage" are just a few.[11] But when these later movements and their accomplishments are understood as a product of the 1960s, the last years of the decade and the next look much, much brighter. The success of the youth suffrage movement and achievement of the 26th Amendment in 1971 means a major expansion of American democracy came right at the end of the "long sixties." The declension interpretation fits only some developments during the decade and misses many others. So why then does this interpretation have such power?
The origins of the standard narrative's story of decline can be located in the politics of the sixties. The era has long been understood as an important period for liberalism, the dominant political philosophy of the time, and radicalism, with a "new left" coming onto the scene. Liberals in the Democratic Party started the decade with political power and plans for reform, while young radicals in the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) sought to realize a more democratic and equal America. But in 1968, Democrats lost the presidency, and SDS began to fracture. Early histories focused on politics—whether center or left—featured this defeat and downfall. More recently, conservatism has come to be recognized as a significant political force during the decade. Those political histories trace a contrasting story arc, of a rising right wing in the Republican Party.[12]
Even so, because of its political dominance, "liberalism's rise and fall" remains the standard narrative of the 1960s. There are good reasons for viewing liberal politics in this way. The early high hopes—even hubris—of liberals to achieve reform raised expectations and then failed to deliver, in large part due to the decision of a liberal president, Lyndon B. Johnson, to escalate the American war in Vietnam. Both conservatives and radicals during the decade defined themselves against liberals and fiercely criticized their failures. As Allen J. Matusow summarizes, "in a few short years, optimism vanished, fundamental values emerged to divide the country, social cohesion rapidly declined, and the unraveling of America began."[13]
By focusing on youth voting rights and the 26th Amendment, however, this book tells a different story about liberalism over the "long sixties." It was mostly liberals who led the efforts, supported the campaigns, and joined the movement to establish the right of Americans aged eighteen and up to vote. They were young and old, from both major political parties, and in all sorts of organizations and groups. Yet those of the sixties generation who participated in the youth franchise movement expressed a new kind of liberal politics. Coming of age alongside civil rights and new left activists, they shared many of the same commitments. To young Americans as political actors. To an inclusive democracy. To achieving civil rights and racial justice. To ending poverty and the war in Vietnam. To creating change through grassroots organizing and electoral politics. Contrary to Matusow's summary of liberalism at the end of the sixties, these liberals stayed hopeful, forged a coalition, and attained a constitutional amendment that advanced first-class citizenship for young Americans and benefited every constituency in the nation.
The 26th Amendment was a consummate liberal achievement. The right to vote has both intrinsic and instrumental value. It represents our inclusion in the democratic polity and provides the means to be heard and achieve our aims within it. While the pillars of liberalism—a capitalist economy, welfare state, democratic institutions, and civil liberties—lead to a certain set of policy preferences—economic regulation, social programs, and electoral reform—liberalism is more than policymaking. Kevin Mattson puts it well. It is "a humanist project committed to pushing people to think beyond the interests of the self" and to "the core values of pragmatism and pluralism."[14] In their struggle for youth suffrage, proponents carried this project forward. "In the final analysis," said Edward J. Forand in 1969, "we want to push the idea of negotiation, compromise, and, over all, a sense of human compassion to bring everyone together."[15] Forand and his peers show the persistence and success of liberal reform, despite significant failures and criticism on all sides, into the 1970s.
Still it cannot be denied that the politics and policies of the 1960s put all liberals on the defensive for decades to come. They did because when liberals were in power, as Terry H. Anderson reminded us, all the key conflicts in American history reemerged. Democratic inclusion versus exclusion, states' rights versus federal power, peace-seeking versus war-mongering, ideals of equality versus the reality of inequality, and individualism versus community. Youth voting rights intersected with all of these conflicts. During these years, Americans questioned and contested "the very nature and meaning" of their nation, Anderson concluded in his textbook on the sixties.[16] A more inclusive American democracy through expanded voting rights, including for youth, was one answer. Such answers made this era one of the most transformative in US history. It is a legacy still being fought over.
In the fifty years since, the 26th Amendment has often been seen as an easy, even unremarkable achievement. True, extending the right to vote to a new group of Americans was not a radical change to "politics as usual." And three decades is half of the 72 years women fought for equal suffrage in the United States. Even a proponent like Dennis Warren, who helped to create Let Us Vote in 1969 and collaborated on its theme song, emphasized the relative ease and speed. "Being a student of history, I thought that we would be the catalyst and that it would take years and years." But that wasn't the case. "Things started falling together in a way you could never imagine. It really was serendipity in many respects."[17]
"Serendipity" is one way to see the achievement of the 26th Amendment. It's true that proponents, like Randolph Jennings, Paul Myer, Edward Forand, and Dennis Warren, and their cause found and fit the historical moment. But as the saying goes "chance favors those who prepare." And proponents of youth voting rights had been preparing for decades.
[1] Wendell W. Cultice, Youth's Battle for the Ballot: A History of the Voting Age in America (Westport: Greenwood, 1992). Rebecca de Schweinitz usefully summarizes the historiography in "'The Proper Age for Suffrage': Vote 18 and the Politics of Age From World War II to the Age of Aquarius," Corinne T. Field and Nicholas L. Syrett, eds., Age in America: The Colonial Era to the Present (New York University Press, 2015), 209-210, 231, note 2.
[2] Randolph, quoted in Martin Weil, "Former Sen. Jennings Randolph Dies," Washington Post (May 9, 1998), B06.
[3] Judith N. Shklar, American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991), 18. Cultice, Youth's Battle for the Ballot, and de Schweinitz, "'The Proper Age for Suffrage,'" take issue with this interpretation as well; Cultice's title says as much.
[4] Bernice J. Reagon, "A Borning Struggle," New Directions 7 (April 1980), 1.
[5] Paul J. Myer, interview with author, August 10, 2019.
[6] Maurice Isserman and Michael Kazin, America Divided: The Civil War of the 1960s (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 281.
[7] Arthur Marwick, "The Cultural Revolution of the Long Sixties: Voices of Reaction, Protest, and Permeation," The International History Review 27 (December 2005), 798.
[8] "Brief Chronology," in David Farber and Beth Bailey, The Columbia Guide to America in the 1960s (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001), 437-444.
[9] Gael Graham, Young Activists: American High School Students in the Age of Protest (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2006), 5.
[10] John D'Emilio, "Placing Gay in the Sixties," in Alexander Bloom, ed., Long Time Gone: Sixties America Then and Now (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 209-229; Winifred Breines, "Whose New Left?" Journal of American History 75 (September 1988): 528-545; Andrew Hunt, "'When Did the Sixties Happen?' Searching for New Directions," Journal of Social History 33 (Autumn 1999): 147-161.
[11] Breines, "Whose New Left?" 528-545; William O'Neill, Coming Apart: An Informal History of America in the
1960s (New York: Times Books, 1971); Allen J. Matusow, The Unraveling of America: A History of Liberalism in the 1960s (New York, 1984); Todd Gitlin, The Sixties: Years of Hope Days of Rage (New York: Bantam, 1987).
[12] Mary C. Brennan, Turning Right in the 1960s: The Conservative Capture of the GOP (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995).
[13] Matusow, The Unraveling of America, xiv.
[14] Kevin Mattson, When America Was Great: The Fighting Faith of Postwar Liberalism (New York: Routledge, 2004), 6-7.
[15] Edward J. Forand, quoted in Joey Williams, "Looking for a Battle Plan?" Moderator (April 1969), 13.
[16] Terry H. Anderson, The Sixties (New York: Longman, 1999), 222.
[17] Warren, quoted in Jan Ferris Heenan, "Warren Remembers His Time Fondly On National Stage," Pacific Law (Fall 2009), 33.
Extract from Frost, Jennifer, 2021. Let Us Vote: Youth Voting Rights and the 26th Amendment. NYU Press.
To buy the book click here.
Jennifer Frost is an Associate Professor in History at the University of Auckland. Frost is an expert on social, cultural, and political developments in the twentieth-century United States.
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article reflect the author's opinion and not necessarily the views of The Big Q.
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By Jay Fox
Brooklyn, NY, USA
Jay Fox (credit: Ashley Sears)
Evil will be done, and yet no one will be responsible — Honoré de Balzac
I had anticipated writing a story about a bar within close proximity to Zuccotti Park, the headquarters of the Occupy Wall Street movement. This was in vain. While there are plenty of places to tie one on if you go into the trendy region of TriBeCa or walk for several blocks down to Stone Street, the happy hour haunt for Wall Street types under the age of thirty-five, there aren't too many bars in the Financial District. True, there are some really posh places, a few Irish pubs that cater to the afterwork crowd, and a few dingy construction worker dives (though these are usually a bit further north), but the Financial District does not have enough of a residential population to support a thriving nightlife scene. This is pretty obvious to anyone familiar with the bars in the area since the majority of them, despite the large amount of tourists who come to the area, do not even bother opening on Saturdays or Sundays (this includes, but is not limited to, Trinity Place, Pound & Pence, and the Irish Punt).
However, just for the sake of mollifying my own curiosity, my girlfriend, Josephine, and I headed down to the area to see if the protesters had hurt the business of one local bar, O'Hara's Pub (the bar that is closest to Zuccotti Park and open on Saturdays). Unfortunately, we couldn't even get a word in with the bartender because she was too busy, we couldn't ask a waiter anything because we couldn't get a table, and we couldn't solicit anyone for a table to then speak to a waiter because there were no hosts or hostesses or anyone who wanted to give us the time of day. Maybe we looked more disheveled than we thought. Perhaps we were mistaken for protestors or anti-establishment types who were bent on mocking the bar's overindulgence in Bush-era 9-11 memorabilia. Who knows? The only thing that I was really interested in seeing was how the protests had affect bar business. From the look of things, it hadn't. Business was booming; the bar's close proximity to Zuccotti Park didn't matter.
We couldn't find another bar in the vicinity. We walked around for some time, too, looking not only for a place to get a drink, but for a chance to witness the pandemonium around the park over which the media has been obsessed for the past month or so. We never found it. We were never inundated with an amount of pedestrian traffic comparable to that of Midtown. We did not smell the miasma of piss and shit that has been the subject of so many (seemingly spurious) complaints. We never felt as though the mob was going to override civilization, or even perpetrate any serious criminal acts because there were at least two cops for every protestor.
We ended up giving up on finding a place nearby, and walked uptown to Uncle Mike's (57 Murray St., Manhattan). This bar serves two purposes. First, it is a blue-collar dive, usually filled with construction workers and a few title examiners who come in for the early happy hours during the week (1-5 pm). Its location next to New York Dolls, which is exactly what you think it is, presents its second purpose: to get those who plan on going next door a little tipsy on the cheap. The bar was split pretty evenly along these lines when we entered a little after five-thirty. The bartender, a pair of hot pants and a string bikini-top away from stark naked, chatted with her two friends in one corner while a poorly planned bachelor party took shots in the middle of the room. Once the clock struck six, the latter group made their way out. The jukebox, which had been playing a solid string of Radiohead songs, courtesy of the bachelors, went silent.
A quiet bar is something of an anomaly, and a rather uncomfortable one at that. Every bar is supposed to be at least a little noisy in order to cushion conversations from one another, to provide shelter from awkward silences, to get the seriously hammered to dance. Unfortunately, Uncle Mike's was not in the business of providing free music, and the bartender and her two friends were not in the mood to put anything on. For a while neither were we, as no awkward silence was going to sprout up between two people talking about the protests and the Occupy Wall Street movement in general.
I went out for a cigarette with my girlfriend after griping about these types of things for well over an hour. The bar was still pretty much empty, the only new people to come into the place being a new bartender with Anime-style hair and two younger guys, Alexander and Nameless, who had evidently been bitching about the same kinds of things as we had.
The four of us shared a few smokes and continued our conversation, now in stereo, about the economic injustices that had really been the inspiration for the Occupy Wall Street movement. Alexander, 23, from Queens, had been unemployed and homeless for almost a year. His friend, whose name I can't remember, had had a bit of a better lot in life, and had bought Alexander a few drinks to help him keep his spirits up. The former had been encamped in Zuccotti Park since September; the latter seemed to be of the more opportunistic and nihilistic sect that has been the focus of a lot of pundits who have come out in opposition to the protests. Even if he wasn't well versed in politics or economics, his enmity towards Wall Street was understandable. While the protests may lack what Gandhi believed was the most crucial part of a mass movement (simple and clear demands), the sense of despair this generation faces is at times debilitating, especially when it seems as though our grievances are either ignored or derided by the political elite.
Before Alexander and his friend left to return to Zuccotti Park, Nameless handed me something that is still sitting on a table not more than five feet away from where I sit right now. It is a survival wrap (more or less a reflective blanket). He told me that it would come in handy should I ever care to come down to spend the night in the park.
My only question—whether this wrap will be considered a tent?
Jay Fox's profile at Stay Thirsty Publishing
Jay Fox is the author of The Walls.
All opinions expressed by Jay Fox are solely his own and do not reflect the opinions of Stay Thirsty Media, Inc.

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The best gifts for music lovers
We've got the scoop on this year's top presents, from gadgets to collectibles, for music makers and listeners alike
Andrew Frisicano
Ro Samarth
Vivienne van Vliet
Christopher Tarantino
Sorting through the options when shopping for the music aficionados among your friends can be a daunting task. We've saved you a little time by collecting our favorite music-related gift ideas of the year—from the best portable-speaker bargains to the coolest new box sets. Check out the best gifts for music lovers below, ordered by price.
RECOMMENDED: See the full holiday gift guide
Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings: It's a Holiday Soul Party
If most holiday music induces sleep or great annoyance, this record—the first Christmas-Hanukkah album by the Brooklyn soul outfit—may be soundtrack you've been looking for as winter draws near. The collection mixes new tunes such as "8 Days (of Hanukkah)," previously released originals ("Ain't No Chimneys in the Projects") and classics ("Silent Night"). The disc comes out in October, which means there's plenty of time to get acquainted with its smoky Motown-inspired sound before your family gets together.
$19.98 at Target
Pop Chart Labs' Periodic Table of Heavy Metals
Know someone who wants to "science" the shit out of his or her music? Pop Chart Labs can help with that. The outfit makes incredibly intricate—and accurate—graphs, pie charts and scientific-like tables that link up the galaxies of various hip-hop monikers, charting the connections between various rock bands. It also offers three separate volumes of color-coded Beatles song flowcharts.
$29 at Pop Chart Lab
Anker's MP141 Portable Bluetooth 4.0 Speaker
Everyone could use a Bluetooth speaker to take his or her tunes on the go. But making the right gift selection amid the ever-expanding market and continuous glut of new products is difficult. Though perhaps an unfamiliar name, Anker makes that choice a little easier this year. While the popular options like the Jawbone or Bose SoundLink each run a couple hundred bucks or more, the new Anker MP141 is a measly $35. And with its quality driver, a well-tuned port and 20-hour battery life, a user won't have to sacrifice sound quality or durability.
$34.99 at Amazon.com
Deer Dana's Musician Ashtrays
Dana Veraldi does sweet, Howard Finster–esque illustrations of celebrities and slaps 'em on beach towels, T-shirts, tote bags, lighters, temp tattoos or the above ridiculously awesome ashtray with Ricky Rozay's likeness. For her line Deer Dana, she has tackled musician subjects as varied as Bruce Springsteen, Lil Wayne, Marilyn Manson, Sade and Grace Jones as well as a handful of actors, artists and animals.
$35 at Deer Dana
Teenage Engineering's Pocket Operator
Swedish electronics company Teenage Engineering is most known for its critically acclaimed debut product, the OP-1. While the all-in-one synth-sampler-controller is a standout product that has made its way onto many a wish list, it costs a whopping $999. Luckily the company came out with something at the opposite end of the financial spectrum. The Pocket Operator is a portable synth the size of a standard Casio calculator, complete with animated graphics, dynamic effects and a built-in speaker. The product line features three distinct models (PO-12 Rhythm, PO-14 Sub Pocket and PO-16 Factory), each catering to a different audience segment. Additionally, all operators can be synced to work simultaneously.
$59 at Guitar Center
The Definitive Vince Guaraldi 4-LP Box Set
Piano man Vince Guaraldi is inextricably linked to the holidays, thanks to his iconic Charlie Brown score. So this vinyl collection, which wrangles those tunes and more, is an ideal gift and something to pull out every year to craft a personal soundtrack for upcoming festivities. As it's a collectible set, the set also includes weird ephemera like a poster, photo book and replica of a promotional paper Guaraldi mustache, which the owner can don during holiday meals to annoy his or her family.
$119.99 at Amazon.com
Korg Volca Beats
Is someone's DJ and production rig in need of inspiration? We recommend the classic fat tone of good old analog wiring. These three units in the Korg Volca series—a drum machine, lead synth, and bass—pack a ton of authentic analog sound and intuitive controls into a tiny package, with step sequencer capabilities, parameter controls and tons of fun flashing lights to boot. Generate club-ready beats, thick bass lines and killer melodies from these compact battery-powered devices.
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More on Christmas


Despite my mixed feelings about the author's work, I find that he is rarely if ever more appealing than when he is talking about his life as a farmer. Coming as I do from an agrarian background on my father's side of the family , there is a lot to relate to here. This book is somewhat of a memoir of the lack of success in farming for Hanson's own family farm operation and that of his neighbors, and while I admittedly know little about raisin farming (although more than enough to know that raisins do not have their own trees–a frequent joke about clueless city folk that the author makes in this book), this book does give a good understanding of the struggles faced by him and those who like him are quixotically devoted to farming in spite of its growing obsolescence. And in defending the agrarian ideal, the author has some good things to say about culture and the importance of yeoman farms like that my family ran for so many generations, and about what is lost when such people are driven into either serfdom or the city.
Overall, this book takes about 300 pages to cover roughly a decade in the life of the the author as a farmer, along with some context. After a preface and introduction the author discusses the context of his family farm and how the land was acquired and who it was that built it up (1). He then talks about raisin farming and what makes it unique, being a somewhat antiquated manner of farming that has so far not greatly been benefited by machinery (2). The author discusses the great raisin crash of 1983, the grim reading of it justifies by itself the time spent reading this book (3). After that the author discusses his tragicomic efforts to save the farm by turning to new varieties of plants that predictably flop (4). This leads to a more melancholy discussion of the efforts of one Bus Barzagus to grow pear-apples on a mountain (5,7), which book-end a chapter on the author's failures to grow certain types of table grapes and plums (6). The author then closes this gloomy but fierce book with chapters on the heroes of the agrarian pantheon–an unusual set of people carved out of flint–along with a look at the last generation of American agrarians, with a postscript that ends this book on a decidedly downbeat note.
Like many of the author's crusty neighbors, this book is not kind, but it is right. Family farming is doomed in this nation for all kinds of reasons, including laws that are making it impossible to use children as a free labor force, the steadfast refusal of either Democrats or Republicans to cast off illusions of gigantism and economies of scale, and a strong disinterest and inability of people growing up in family farms to continue the tradition. Independent family farms are a dying breed, and the author does a good job at showing how this happens not merely from a general perspective but what it looks like to those on the ground trying vainly to get their royal plums to set and trying to make money off of Thompson seedless raisins, itself a largely impossible task. By not succumbing to the tendency to romanticize family farming, the author presents a grim but honest and deeply insightful view of what its moribund status means for the fate of the American republic. The prognosis there is just as grim as that for family farms, largely for the reason that it is the people of the land whose native crustiness and suspicion of fads are almost the only break present on our society's headlong rush towards self-destruction.
This entry was posted in Book Reviews, History and tagged business, family, farming, food, politics. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Lusk Herald
Wyoming News
Bob L. Boner July 1, 1934 – Dec. 27, 2019
LUSK – Services for Bob L. Boner will be 1 p.m. Thursday, Jan. 2, 2020 at the Congregational United Church of Christ in Douglas. Interment will be at the Douglas Park Cemetery. A private viewing will be held from 9 to 10:30 a.m. on Thursday at Gorman Funeral Home in Douglas.
Bob passed away peacefully at his home on the ranch Friday, Dec. 27, 2019.
Bob was born on Sunday, July 1, 1934, in Lusk, the youngest son of Jess and Izetta Pauline (Renswold) Boner. He grew up with his brothers, Ed and Jim, on the family ranch north of Lusk. He attended school in Lusk where he was class president and participated in football and basketball. He graduated from Lusk High School in 1953 and after serving a stint in the United States Army on Angel Island in San Francisco Bay, he decided to further his education at the University of Wyoming.
While attending UW in the fall of 1958, he was introduced to his roommate's, Butch Scott, sister, Ann. The rest, as they say, "is history." On June 13, 1959, Bob and Ann were married in Douglas. For 50 years Ann was his best friend, helpmate and unfailing bride. To this union three sons were born Brad, Rob and Jeff.
During their first four years of marriage Bob and Ann lived at the "Wallace Place" north of Lusk, where they ranched in partnership with Bob's two brothers, Ed and Jim. In March 1964 they moved from the Lusk ranch to Glenrock, where they established Cole Creek Ranch northwest of town.
Bob was a true stockman and was always eager to learn from other good stockmen whom he held in high regard. One of Bob's sayings was "good fences make good neighbors." He spent years at Cole Creek rebuilding and maintaining the many miles of fences. Developing and improving the water resources available to his livestock were also high on his list of priorities.
Bob continued to be involved in the ranch until the day of his death. He and Ann were instrumental in giving each of their sons the ability to continue in the farming and ranching business, which allowed them the opportunity to raise their families in the most ideal environment imaginable.
Bob was an avid football fan. He very much enjoyed going to Wyoming Cowboy games with his friends and family and only missed one of the many bowl games the Cowboys played in over the years. He was a charter member of the "Cowboy Joe Club." His membership card sported the member number 6.
Later in life Bob and Ann enjoyed traveling. They spent time in the winter in Fountain Hills, Ariz. and made an annual trip with the entire family to the Black Hills over the 4th of July. Bob continued to enjoy winters in Arizona and trips to the Black Hills until his passing. After Ann's passing Bob enjoyed companionship with his good friend, Dede Reed.
Bob was a devoted husband, loving father, grandfather and friend. He was an example of strength and integrity to all. He was a member of the Congregational United Church of Christ, Moose Lodge No. 602, Cowboy Joe Club, Wyoming Wool Growers Association, and served on the school board for Converse County School District No. 2, and the Glenrock Cemetery District Board.
He was preceded in death by his parents, Jess and Izetta; brother, Jim; and beloved wife, Ann.
He is survived by his brother, Edgar, of Lusk; and sons, Brad (Laurie) of Glenrock, grandchildren Braden (Amanda) Boner, Ryan Boner, and Meghan (Jake) Bratton; Rob (Anne Marie) of Douglas, grandchildren Brian (Nicole) Boner, Tyler Boner, Michelle (Daniel) Meirose, and Laura (Frank) Kuchinski; and Jeff (Tracy) of Douglas, grandchildren Scott (Sarah) Boner, Trent (Mariah) Boner, and Garrett (Tori) Boner; and 10 great grandchildren.
Memorials to the Moose Lodge of Douglas would be appreciated by the family and can be mailed to Moose Lodge No. 602, P.O. Box 168, Douglas, WY 82633.
Gorman Funeral Homes - Converse Chapel of Douglas is in charge of arrangements.
Local, state officials discuss childcare
Craft time is community time
Chamber Banquet, an evening of magic
Intolerable service elicits David/Goliath response
Services for Bob L. Boner will be 1 p.m. Thursday, Jan. 2, 2020 at the Congregational United Church of Christ in Douglas. Interment will be at the Douglas Park Cemetery.
1000 Main St. Lusk WY 82225


Volleyball: Southern Wayne d. Spring Creek 25-17, 25-11 -- Freshman Allie Lane logged 10 assists and seven aces during the Saints' straight-set road win Monday afternoon.
Volleyball: Goldsboro d. James Kenan 25-5, 25-17 -- Dantzler Bonner provided eight aces and Anna Miranda delivered five aces during the Cougars' road win Monday afternoon.
Volleyball: Hunt d. C.B. Aycock -- Freshman Aloura Stanton logged a team-high 12 digs in the Golden Falcons' non-conference loss to Hunt on Monday afternoon. Freshman Emily Feddersen added seven digs, while freshman Bailey Wood had six digs. Woods also dished out a team-best eight assists.


The first book in the Grail Quest series published by Fontana in the UK and Dell in the USA.
Also used on one of the "Battle Cards" trading cards published by Merlin in the "Barbarian Territories" set No. 72 "Bloodsuckers"


The Raleigh Claims Association has two levels of membership; Adjuster and Associate. The requirements for each membership type are listed in the application. You can complete the web forms linked below or print the applications from the following links and submit them via mail.


text:
Locastra crassipennis is a species of snout moth in the genus Locastra. It was described by Francis Walker in 1857 and is known from Sarawak, Borneo and Silhet, Bangladesh.

References

Moths described in 1857
Epipaschiinae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Astronomia
 Alvin – cratere di Marte
 13677 Alvin – asteroide della fascia principale

Geografia
 Canada
 Alvin – località della Columbia Britannica
 Stati Uniti d'America
 Alvin – area non incorporata della Contea di Madison, in Georgia
 Alvin – villaggio della Contea di Vermilion, Illinois
 Alvin – città della Contea di Brazoria, Texas
 Alvin – città della Contea di Forest, Wisconsin

Onomastica
 Alvin – nome proprio di persona inglese maschile

Personaggi fittizi
 Alvin Seville – personaggio di Alvin and the Chipmunks

Persone
 Alvin – uno degli pseudonimi del conduttore televisivo Alberto Bonato
 Alvin – uno degli alias del cantante Gianni Coraini, meglio noto con lo pseudonimo Ken Laszlo
 Danny Alvin – batterista e bandleader jazz statunitense
 Dave Alvin – tra i fondatori, col fratello Phil, del gruppo The Blasters
 John Alvin – attore statunitense
 Phil Alvin – musicista e cantante statunitense tra i fondatori, col fratello Dave, del gruppo The Blasters

Altro
 DSV Alvin – sommergibile della United States Navy


Jason is a creative strategist, writer, and speaker who writes and teaches about digital design and development. He is currently the Creative Strategy Director at InvisibleJets Studio and teaches classes in experience design at Drexel University.
Subscribe to receive a PDF copy of the Trust by Design Poster for free!


text:
336.255.4813 andyz@azdev.biz
But I would not trade a day of my life
by gateway-admin | Oct 14, 2015 | Uncategorized
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SPRINGFIELD, Mo. The Springfield Cardinals today announced they are joining MiLB CommUNITY First, a new national initiative developed by Minor League Baseball in conjunction with Feeding America, to raise funds for local food banks and to honor individuals risking their lives on the front lines of the COVID 19 pandemic. Once on the site, fans can choose their donation amount and the Springfield Cardinals as the recipient of their donation to direct funds to the Southwest Missouri community and the Ozarks Food Harvest.
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text:
Harbhajan Singh urges Pakistan PM to 'do needful' after Gurdwara vandalism
Sports, Cricket
On Friday, a violent mob gathered outside Nankana Sahib Gurdwara and pelted stones.
India spinner Harbhajan Singh on Saturday urged Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan 'to do the needful' after vandalism at Nankana Sahib Gurdwara. (Photo:AFP)
New Delhi: India spinner Harbhajan Singh on Saturday urged Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan "to do the needful" after vandalism at Nankana Sahib Gurdwara.
On Friday, a violent mob gathered outside Nankana Sahib Gurdwara and pelted stones. The group was led by the family of a boy who had abducted a Sikh girl Jagjit Kaur, the daughter of the gurdwara's panthi. Later, the mob dispersed after police released Ehsaan, the boy who had abducted the girl.
In a series of tweets, the Sikh cricketer, Harbhajan slammed the people who were involved in the violence.
"Don't know what's wrong with some people why can't they live in peace.. Mohammad Hassan openly threatens to destroy Nankana Sahib Gurdwara and build the mosque in that place..very sad to see this
@ImranKhanPTI," Harbhajan tweeted.
"God is one..let's not divide it and create hate among each other's.. let's be human first and respect each other's.. Mohammad Hassan openly threatens to destroy Nankana Sahib Gurdwara and build the mosque in that place @ImranKhanPTI plz do the needful," he wrote in another tweet.
India strongly condemned the "wanton acts of destruction and desecration" at Nankana Sahib Gurdwara and called upon Pakistan to take immediate steps to ensure the safety and welfare of the members of the Sikh community.
In a statement, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) expressed concern at vandalism carried out at the gurdwara on Friday.
It said that members of the minority Sikh community have been subjected to acts of violence in the holy city of Nankana Sahib, the birthplace of Guru Nanak Devji.
Terming the actions reprehensible, MEA said these actions followed the forcible abduction and conversion of Jagjit Kaur, the Sikh girl who was kidnapped from her home in the city of Nankana Sahib in August last year.
The MEA said that Pakistan "is enjoined to take all measures to protect and preserve the sanctity of the holy Nankana Sahib Gurudwara and its surroundings".
Sourav Ganguly stable, decision on further angioplasty soon


As mentioned in yesterday's PWR outlook article, all the teams from #20 St. Lawrence to #26 Clarkson have the potential to climb into the teens this weekend. But, #25 Minnesota-Duluth and #26 Clarkson, in particular, have the potential to make huge jumps.
The #25 Bulldogs could find themselves as high as #14, a jump of 11 spots, with a sweep of #2 St. Cloud St. Most likely with a sweep is a still unusual climb of 8-9 positions to #16-17.
#26 Clarkson could find itself as high as 16 with wins over Dartmouth and Harvard, though #19-21 are more likely. The likely outcomes for Clarkson with two wins cover a surprising #16-#23 span. Clarkson's outcome with two wins would rest a lot on other games, with the Golden Knights cheering for sweeps from Alaska Anchorage over Minnesota St, St. Cloud St over Minnesota-Duluth, Maine over Northeastern, Alaska over Michigan Tech, and Canisius over Robert Morris.
Every team in the #14-22 range, except idle #15 Penn State, could fall more than five positions with a pair of losses. #14 Cornell, #17 Miami, #18 Michigan Tech, and #16 Minnesota are facing particularly steep falls.
Cornell could see itself fall as low as #24 with losses to Rensselaer and Union, though the spread of likely outcomes stretches a huge span of 17-24.
Miami faces a steep drop to as low as #29 if swept by Colorado College, with a still significant drop to 26-27 most likely.
Michigan Tech could find itself as low as #28 if they drop a pair to Alaska, though #24-26 are more likely.
If Minnesota gets swept by Michigan, it will face a broad range of potential outcomes that stretches as low as #25. #19-23 are all reasonably likely in that scenario.
This entry was posted in forecasts and tagged Clarkson, Cornell, forecast, Miami, Michigan Tech, Minnesota, Minnesota Duluth on February 24, 2016 by jim.


Derbyshire Dales' "bring" sites will be removed from car parks, pubs and shop premises across Derbyshire Dales by the end of February 2016 due to the success of a household recycling scheme.
Derbyshire Dales District Council has accepted an offer of £20,000 compensation from the contractor responsible for bring site management, HW Martin of Blackwell, for an early termination of the contract due to rising costs of running the service.
Since improved kerbside recycling collections were introduced almost four years ago by the District Council and its contractor Serco, the quantity of material collected from bring sites has reduced by 75%.
Another issue is that non-recyclable items are increasingly being dumped at the sites, resulting in 43% of the material being contaminated and disposed of at landfill, which is very costly for the council and harmful to the environment.
Two years ago it was agreed to reduce the number of 'bring' sites in the Derbyshire Dales from 98 to 33 to enable HW Martin to continue to operate a reduced service at no cost to the District Council. It followed significant improvements to the kerbside scheme and a decision by Sainsbury's supermarkets, which have major stores in Ashbourne and Matlock, to take store recycling operations in-house across the country.
Since then, a further 10 sites have been lost due to landowners' reluctance to put up with the high rate of fly-tipping of general and trade waste.
The District Council's Community & Environment Committee took the decision last week to close the remaining sites after hearing that 91% of residents now use the fortnightly kerbside recycling service, which generates more recycling material in a single month (530 tonnes) than is collected from the bring sites in an entire year.
An online bring site consultation in October and November last year resulted in 525 responses and revealed that 78% of residents who responded used the bring sites for excess recycling waste.
Now the District Council is to promote the message that excess recycling material, if contained and visible, can be placed at the side of usual bins and bags for collection. Residents can also go online at www.derbyshiredales.gov.uk/ordernewcontainer or call 01629 761122 to request additional containers if they are frequently producing more recycling waste than their current container holds.
Help will be offered to residents who struggle to store bins or where vehicular access is a problem. In such cases, alternative containers could be provided, together with assistance emptying containers to those who meet specified criteria.
Residents will be able to continue to access household waste recycling centres at Darley Dale, Ashbourne, Chesterfield and Waterswallows, Buxton, as well as private sites at supermarkets.


text:
Фауна Польщі — згідно з даними Музею та Інституту Зоології Польської Академії Наук, на території Польщі проживає близько 36 000 видів тварин.

Символ  вказує на види, які знаходяться під охороною.

Губки (Porifera)

У Польщі існує 9 видів губок, які входять до 3 родин:

Родина (Halichondriidae)
 Морський коровай
Родина Бодягові (Spongillidae)
 Бодяга ставкова
  syn. Euspongilla lacustris

 syn. Spongilla fragilis Leidy, 1851
 Бодяга річкова

 syn. Meyenia mülleri Lieberkuhn, 1855

Родина Halisarcidae

Реброплави (Ctenophora)

На території Польщі знайдено усього два види реброплавів, один у Балтійському морі, а інший у Гданській затоці:

Родина Pleurobranchiidae
 Pleurobranchia pileus O.F.Müller, 1776
Родина Bolinopsidae
 Mnemiopsis leidyi L. Agassiz, 1865

Кнідарії (Cnidaria)
У водах Балтійського моря знайдено 28 видів Кнідарій (Cnidaria):

Гідро́їдні (Hydrozoa)
З 24 видів гідроїдних тільки 7 проживають у прісній воді:

Підклас Лептоліни (Leptolinae)

Ряд Антомедузи (Anthomedusae)

Родина Hydractiniidae L. Aggasiz, 1862
 Clava multicornis (Forskal, 1775)

Родина Cordylophoridae von Lendenfeld, 1885
 Cordylophora caspia (Pallas, 1771)

Родина Rathkeidae Russell, 1953
 Rathkea octopunctata (M. Sars, 1835)

Родина Pandeidae Haeckel, 1879
 Halitholus cirratus (Hartlaub, 1913)

Родина Corynidae Johnston, 1836
 Sarsia tubulosa (M. Sars, 1835)

Родина Tubulariidae Goldfuss, 1818
 Ectopleura dumortieri (Van Beneden, 1844)
 Hybocodon prolifer L. Agassiz, 1862

Родина Corymorphidae Allman, 1872
 Corymorpha nutans M. Sars, 1935

Родина Hydridae Dana, 1846
 Hydra circumcincta P. Schultze, 1914 syn. Hydra stellata P. Schultze syn. Pelmatohydra braueri (Bedot, 1912)
 Hydra oxycnida P. Schultze, 1914
 Hydra oligactis (Pallas, 1766) syn. Pelmatohydra oligactis Pallas, 1766
 Hydra vulgaris Pallas, 1766 syn. Hydra attenuata (Pallas, 1766)
 Hydra viridissima Pallas, 1766 syn. Chlorohydra viridissima (Pallas, 1766)

Родина Protohydridae Allman, 1888
 Protohydra leuckarti Greef, 1859

Ряд Лептомедузи (Leptothecata)

Родина Campanulariidae Johnston, 1836
 Hartlaubella gelatinosa (Pallas, 1766)
 Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Obelia longissima (Pallas, 1766)
 Laomedea flexuosa Alder, 1857
 Gonothyrea loveni (Allman, 1859)
 Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767)

Родина Campanulinidae Hincks, 1868
 Tima bairdii Forbes, 1848
 Opercularella lacerata (Johnston, 1847)
 Melicertum octocostatum (M.Sars, 1835)

Підклас Трахиліни (Trachylinae)
Родина Olindiidae Haeckel, 1879
 Craspedacusta sowerbyi Lankester, 1880

Сцифоїдні (Scyphozoa)

У водах Польщі налічується лише 2 види сцифоїдних: Родина Cyaneidae
 Cyanea capillata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Родина Ulmaridae
 Aurelia aurita (Linnaeus, 1758)

Коралові поліпи (Anthozoa)
Лише 2 види коралів, з ряду актинії знайдено в водах Балтійського моря: Родина Actinidae
 Tealia felina Linnaeus, 1767

Родина Halcampidae
 Halcampa duodecimcirrata (M.Sars, 1835)

Плоскі черви (Platyhelminthes)

Ві́йчасті черви (Turbellaria)

Моногене́ї (Monogenea)

Більшість видів є паразитами риб. У Польщі, за оцінками вчених, налічується 120 видів моногене́й

Основна стаття:Список моногеней Польщі

Трематоди (Trematoda)
Клас трематод налічує на території Польщі більше 320 видів.

Основна стаття:Список трематод Польщі

Цестоди (Cestoda)
У Польщі більше ніж 270 видів цестод. Дорослі особини паразитують у хребетних.

Основна стаття:Список стьожкових червів Польщі

Коловертки (Rotifera)

Акантоцефали (Acanthocephala)
Акантоцефали кишкові паразити хребетних. У Польщі виявлено понад 30 видів.

Eoacanthocephala Van Cleve, 1936
Родина Neoacanthorhynchidae
 Neoechinorhynchus rutili (O. F. Muller, 1780)

Palaeacanthocephala Meyer, 1931
Родина Paracanthocephalidae
 Paracanthocephalus gracilacanthus (Meyer, 1932)

Родина Echinorhynchidae
 Acanthocephalus anguillae (O. F. Muller, 1780)
 Acanthocephalus clavula (Dujardin, 1845)
 Acanthocephalus falcatus (Frolich, 1789)
 Acanthocephalus lucii (O. F. Muller, 1776)
 Acanthocephalus ranae (Schrank, 1788)
 Echinorhynchus (Echinorhynchus) gadi Zoega in O. F. Muller, 1776
 Echinorhynchus (Metechinorhynchus) salmonis O. F. Muller, 1776
 Echinorhynchus (Metechinorhynchus) truttae Schrank, 1788
 Echinorhynchus (Pseudoechinorhynchus) borealis Linstow, 1901

Родина Pomphorhynchidae
 Pomphorhynchus kostylewi Petrotschenko, 1956
 Pomphorhynchus laevis Zoega in O. F. Muller, 1776)
 Pomphorhynchus tereticollia (Rudolphi, 1809)

Родина Polymorphidae
 Corynosoma pyriforme (Bremser, 1824)
 Corynosoma semerme (Forssell, 1904)
 Corynosoma strumosum (Rudolphi, 1802)
 Polymorphus contortus (Bremser, 1924)
 Polymorphus diploinflatus Lundstrom, 1942
 Polymorphus magnus Skrjabin, 1913
 Polymorphus minutus (Goeze, 1782)
 Filicollis anatis (Schrank, 1788)
 Prosthorhynchus cylindraceus (Goeze, 1782)

Родина Centrorhynchidae
 Centrorhynchus aluconis (O. F. Muller, 1780)
 Centrorhynchus buteonis (Schrank, 1788)
 Sphserirostris lancea (Westrumb, 1821)

Archiacanthocephala
Родина Oligacanthorhynchidae
 Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781)
 Nephridiacanthus major (Bremser, 1811)

Родина Moniliformidae
 Moniliformis moniliformis (Bremser, 1811)

Родина Gigantorhynchidae
 Mediorhynchus micracanthus (Rudolphi, 1819)

Родина Apororhynchidae
 Apororhynchus silesiacus Okulewicz et Maruszewski, 1980

Bdelloidea
На території Польщі знайдено 85 видів.

Родина Habrotrochidae
 Scepanotrocha corniculata Bryce, 1910
 Habrotrocha angusticollis (Murray, 1905)
 Habrotrocha annulata (Murray, 1905)
 Habrotrocha aspera (Bryce, 1892)
 Habrotrocha bidens (Gosse, 1851)
 Habrotrocha callosa Wulfert, 1942
 Habrotrocha collaris (Ehrenberg, 1832)
 Habrotrocha constricta (Dujardin, 1841)
 Habrotrocha crenata (Murray, 1905)
 Habrotrocha elegans (Milne, 1886)
 Habrotrocha flava Bryce, 1915
 Habrotrocha insignis Bryce, 1915
 Habrotrocha lata (Bryce, 1892)
 Habrotrocha longicollis Wulfert, 1950
 Habrotrocha microcephala (Murray, 1906)
 Habrotrocha milnei Bryce, 1922
 Habrotrocha praelonga de Koning, 1947
 Habrotrocha pusilla (Bryce, 1893)
 Habrotrocha reclusa (Milne, 1889)
 Habrotrocha roeperi (Milne, 1889)
 Habrotrocha rosa Donner, 1949
 Habrotrocha sylvestris Bryce, 1915
 Habrotrocha thienemanni Hauer, 1924
 Habrotrocha tridens (Milne, 1886)
 Habrotrocha tripus (Murray, 1907)

Родина Adinetidae
 Adineta barbata Janson, 1893)
 Adineta gracilis Janson, 1893)
 Adineta vaga (Davis, 1873)
 Bradyscella clauda (Bryce, 1893)

Родина Philodinidae Ehrenberg, 1838
 Mniobia circinata (Murray, 1908)
 Mniobia granulosa Bartos, 1940
 Mniobia magna (Plate, 1889)
 Mniobia punctulata Bartos, 1948
 Mniobia russeola (Zelinka 1891)
 Mniobia symbiotica (Zelinka 1886)
 Mniobia tetraodon (Ehrenberg, 1848)
 Rotaria citrina (Ehrenberg, 1868)
 Rotaria elongata (Weber, 1888)
 Rotaria haptica (Gosse, 1886)
 Rotaria macroceros (Gosse, 1851)
 Rotaria macrura (Ehrenberg, 1832)
 Rotaria magnacalcarata (Parsons, 1892)
 Rotaria monteti Berzins, 1955
 Rotaria neptuina (Ehrenberg, 1832)
 Rotaria neptunoida Harring, 1913
 Rotaria quadrioculata (Murray, 1902)
 Rotaria rotatoria (Pallas, 1766)
 Rotaria socialis (Kellicott, 1888)
 Rotaria sordida (Western, 1893)
 Rotaria tardigrada (Ehrenberg, 1832)
 Rotaria tridens (Monet, 1915)
 Rotaria trisecata (Weber, 1888)
 Macrotrachela bilfingeri (Bryce, 1913)
 Macrotrachela concinna (Bryce, 1912)
 Macrotrachela crucicornis (Murray, 1905)
 Macrotrachela decora (Bryce, 1912)
 Macrotrachela ehrenbergi (Janson, 1893)
 Macrotrachela habita (Bryce, 1894)
 Macrotrachela multispinosa Thompson, 1892
 Macrotrachela musculosa Milne, 1886
 Macrotrachela nana (Bryce, 1912)
 Macrotrachela papillosa Thompson, 1892
 Macrotrachela plicata (Bryce, 1892)
 Macrotrachela quadricoronifera Milne, 1886
 Macrotrachela quadricoroniferoides Bryce in de Koning, 1929
 Macrotrachela vesicularis (Murray, 1906)
 Macrotrachela zickendrahti (Richters, 1902)
 Embata hamata (Murray, 1906)
 Embata laticeps (Murray, 1905)
 Embata parasitica (Giglioli, 1863)
 Philodina acuticornis Murray, 1902
 Philodina citrina Ehrenberg, 1832
 Philodina flaviceps Bryce in Murray, 1906
 Philodina lepta Wulfert, 1950
 Philodina megalotrocha Ehrenberg, 1832
 Philodina proterva Milne, 1916
 Philodina roseola Ehrenberg, 1832
 Philodina rugosa Bryce, 1903
 Philodina microps Gosse, 1887
 Dissotrocha aculeata (Ehrenberg, 1832)
 Dissotrocha macrostyla (Ehrenberg, 1838)
 Pleuretra alpium (Ehrenberg, 1853)
 Pleuretra brycei (Weber, 1898)
 Pleuretra humerosa (Murray, 1905)

Родина Philodinavidae
 Philodinavus paradoxus (Murray, 1905)

Однолопатеві (Monogononta)
Представлені в Польщі 554 видами.

Основна стаття: Список однолопатевих коловерток Польщі

Черевовійчасті черви (Gastrotricha)
В польських водах знайдено близько 120 видів черевовійчастих червів.

Основна стаття: Список черевовійчастих червів Польщі

Внутрішньопорошицеві (Entoprocta)
Знайдено лише одного представнека внутрішньопорошицевих:

Родина Barentsiida
 Urnatella gracilis Leidy, 1851

Мохуватки (Bryozoa)
У водах Польщі було встановлено 18 видів мохуватки: Прісноводні види:

Родина Fredericellidae
 Fredericella sultana (Blumenbach, 1779)
Родина Plumatellidae
 Plumatella casmiana Oka, 1907
 Plumatella emarginata Allman, 1844
 Plumatella fruticosa Allman, 1844
 Plumatella fungosa (Pallas, 1768)
 Plumatella repens (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Hyalinella punctata (Hancock, 1850)
Родина Pectinatellidae
 Pectinatella magnifica (Leidy, 1851)
Родина Lophopodidae
 Lophopus crystallinus (Pallas, 1768)
Родина Cristatellidae
 Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, 1798
Родина Paludicellidae
 Paludicella articulata (Ehrenberg, 1831)

Морські види: Родина Membraniporidae
 Electra pilosa (Linnaeus, 1768)
 Electra crustulenta (Pallas, 1766) (jako E. crustulenta var. baltica Borg, 1931)
 Electra membranacea Linnaeus, 1767
 Callopora aurita Hincks, 1877
Родина Alcyonidae
 Alcyonidium mytili Dalyell, 1847
Родина Vesiculariidae
 Bowerbankia caudata (Hincks, 1877)
Родина Victorellidae
 Victorella pavida Saville Kant, 1870

Немерти́ни (Nemertea)
Немертини в польській фауні представлені 4 видами:

Enopla
Incertae sedis:
 Prostoma puteale (Dugès, 1828) — syn. P. clepsinoides (Dugès, 1828)
 Prostoma graecense (Böhmig, 1892)
 Prostoma kolasai Gibson & Moore, 1976

Родина Acteonemertidae
 Leptonemertes chalicophora (Graff, 1879)

Кільчасті черви (Annelida)
На території Польщі представлено більше 300 видів кільчастих червів.

Основна стаття: Список кільчастих червів Польщі

Молюски (Mollusca)
Молюски в Польщі представлені равликами та двостулковими, і налічують 282 види:

Основна стаття: Список молюсків Польщі

Пріапуліди (Priapulida)
Виявлено два види пріапулід в Балтійському морі: родина Priapulidae
 Priapulus caudatus Lamarck, 1816
 Halicryptus spinulosus von Siebold, 1800

Волосові (Nematomorpha)
Знайдено 11 видів представників волосових:

Chordodea
Родина Chordodidae
 Gordionus dubiosus Heinze, 1937
 Gordionus scaber Muller, 1927
 Gordionus strigatus Muller, 1927
 Gordionus wolterstorffii (Camerano, 1888)
 Parachordodes gemmatus (Villot, 1885)
 Parachordodes tolosanus (Dujardin, 1842)
 Paragordionus rautheri Heinze, 1937

Gordea
Родина drucieńcowate Gordiidae
 Gordius albopunctatus Muller, 1927
 Gordius aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758
 Gordius germanicus Heinze, 1937
 Gordius muelleri Heinze, 1933 — (G. mulleri)

Членистоно́гі (Arthropoda)

Ракоподібні (Crustacea)
До 2008 року на обліку в Польщі існувало близько 500 видів (за іншими даними, на початку XXI століття виявили 792 видів)

Зяброногі раки (Branchiopoda)
Виявлено 110 таксонів.

Основна стаття: Список зяброногих Польщі

Остракоди (Ostracoda)
Понад 160 видів виявлено на території Польщі.

Основна стаття: Список остракод Польщі

Щелепоногі (Maxillopoda)
На території Польщі цей клас включає в себе ще 4 підкласи:

Веслоногі раки (Copepoda)
190 видів веслоногих раків находиться на території Польщі.

Основна стаття: Список веслоногих раків Польщі

Коропоїди (Branchiura)
Родина Argulidae Leach, 1819
 Argulus coregoni Thorell, 1865
 Argulus foliaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900

Вусоногі (Cirripedia)
Родина Balanidae Leach, 1806
 Amphibalanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854)

Пентастоми (Pentastomida)
Родина Linguatulidae Haldeman, 1851
 Linguatula serrata Frölich, 1789

Вищі ракоподібні (Malacostraca)
У Польщі налічується близько 120 видів

Основна стаття: Список вищих ракоподібних Польщі

Хеліцерові (Chelicerata)

Павукоподібні (Arachnida)

Павуки (Araneae)

У Польщі нараховується 800 видів павуків.

Основна стаття: Список павуків Польщі

Кліщі (Acari)

Actinotrichida
 Astigmata syn. Astigmatina

 Підряд Oribatida

 Підряд Prostigmata

Anactinotrichida
 Ряд Ixodida

 (Ixodes ricinus)
 (Trombidium holosericeum)
 (Piona sp.)
 (Hydrachna sp.)
 (Dermatophagoides sp.)
 (Eriophyes sp.)

 Підряд Mesostigmata
 Підряд Microgyniina
 Родина Microgyniidae
 Microsejus
 Підряд Sejina
 Родина Sejidae
 Sejus
 Підряд Gamasina
 Родина Epicriidae
 Epicrius
 Родина Zerconidae
 Parazercon
 Polonozercon
 Prozercon
 Zercon
 Родина Parasitidae
 Parasitellus
 Parasitus
 Vulgarogamasus
 Holoparasitus
 Leptogamasus
 Paragamasus
 Pergamasus
 Porrhostaspis
 Родина Macrochelidae
 Geholaspis
 Macrocheles
 Neopodocinum
 Родина Eviphididae
 Eviphis
 Родина Ascidae
 Gamasellodes
 Proctolaelaps
 Arctoseius
 Cheiroseius
 Platyseius
 Lasioseius
 Asca
 Родина Laelapidae
 Eulaelaps
 Haemogamasus
 Haemogamus
 Hirstionyssus
 Androlaelaps
 Hyperlaelaps
 Hypoaspis
 Laelaps
 Ololaelaps
 Родина Veidaiaiidae
 Veigaia
 Родина Rhodocaridae
 Gamasellus
 Cyrtolaelaps
 Родина Pachylaelapidae
 Pachylaelaps
 Родина Digimasellidae
 Dendrolaelaps
 Родина Ameroseiidae
 Ameroseius
 Родина Phytoseiidae
 Amblyseius
 Родина Macrochelidae
 Geholaspis
 Родина Rhodacaridae
 Rhodacarus
 Підряд Uropodina
 Родина Trachytidae
 Trachytes
 Родина Polyaspidae
 Polyaspinus
 Polyaspis
 Родина Trematuridae
 Trichouropoda
 Родина Urodinychidae
 Dinychus
 Urodiaspis
 Urobowella
 Родина Trachyuropopidae
 Trachyuropoda
 Родина Uropodidae
 Uropoda

список не закінчений

Косарики (Opiliones)
Родина Sironidae
 Siro carpathicus Rafalski, 1956

Родина Trogulidae
 Trogulus nepaeformis (Scopoli, 1763)
 Trogulus tricarinatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Родина Nemastomatidae
 Mitostoma chrysomelas (Hermann, 1804)
 Nematostoma lugubre (O. F. Muller, 1776)
 Nematostoma triste (C. L. Koch, 1835)
 Paranemastoma kochi (Nowicki, 1870)
 Paranemastoma quadripunctatum (Perty, 1833)

Родина Ischyropsalididae
 Ischyropsalis hellwigi (Panzer, 1794)
 Ischyropsalis manicata Koch, 1869

Родина Phalangiidae
 Astrobunus laevipes (Canestrini, 1872)
 Leiobunum blackwalli Meade, 1861
 Leiobunum limbatum L. Koch, 1861
 Leiobunum rotundum (Latreille, 1798)
 Leiobunum rupestre (Herbst, 1799)
 Leiobunum tisciae Avram, 1968
 Nelima gothica Lohmander, 1945
 Nelima semproni Szalay, 1951
 Gyas titanus Simon, 1879
 Lacinus dentiger (C. L. Koch, 1848)
 Lacinus ephippiatus (C. L. Koch, 1835)
 Lacinus horridus (Panzer, 1794)
 Mitopus morio (Fabricius, 1779)
 Oligolophus hanseni (Kraepelin, 1896)
 Oligolophus tridens (C. L. Koch, 1836)
 Paroligophus agrestis (Meade, 1758)
 Phalangium opilio Linnaeus, 1835)
 Rilaena triangularis (Herbst, 1799)
 Lophopilio palpinalis (Herbst, 1799)
 Platybunus bucephalus (C. L. Koch, 1938)
 Platybunus pallidus Silhavy, 1938
 Egaenus convexus (C. L. Koch, 1835)
 Opilio canestrinii (Thorell, 1876)
 Opilio dinaricus Silhavy, 1938
 Opilio parietinus (De Geer, 1839)
 Opilio saxatilis (C. L. Koch, 1855)

Псевдоскорпіони (Pseudoscorpionida)
Родина Chthoniidae
 Mundochthonius carpaticus Rafalski, 1948
 Chthonius heterodactylus Tomosvary, 1882
 Chthonius ischnocheles (Hermann, 1804)
 Chthonius tenius L. Koch, 1873
 Chthonius fuscimanus Simon, 1900
 Chthonius tetrachelatus (Preyssler, 1790)

Родина Neobisiidae
 Rhoncus transsilvanicus Beier, 1928
 Microbisium brevifemoratum (Ellingsen, 1903)
 Microbisium suecicum Lohmander, 1945

 Neobisium brevidigitatum (Beier, 1928)
 Neobisium carcinoides (Hermann, 1804)
 Neobisium carpaticum Beier, 1935
 Neobisium erythrodactylum (L. Koch, 1873)
 Neobisium fuscimanum (C. L. Koch, 1843)

 Neobisium polonicum Rafalski, 1935
 Neobisium sylvaticum (C. L. Koch, 1835)

 Neobisium simoni (L. Koch, 1873)

Родина Larcidae
 Larca lata (H. J. Hansen, 1884)

Родина Cheiridiidae
 Cheiridium museorum (Leach, 1817)
 Apocheiridium ferum (E. Simon, 1879)

Родина Chernetidae
 Lamprochernes chyzeri Tomosvary, 1882
 Lamprochernes nodosus (Schrank, 1803)
 Anthrenocernes stellae Lohmander, 1939
 Pselaphochernes scorpioides (Hermann, 1804)
 Allochernes dubius (Cambridfe, 1892)
 Allochernes peregrinus Lohmander, 1939)
 Allochernes wideri (C. L. Koch, 1843)
 Chernes nigrimanus (Ellingsen, 1897)
 Chernes similis Beier, 1932
 Chernes cimicoides (Fabricius, 1793)
 Chernes hahni L. Koch, 1873
 Chernes beieri Harvey, 1990
 Dinocheirus panzeri (C.L. Koch, 1837) — (syn. Chernes rufeolus (E. Simon, 1879))
 Dendrochernes cyrneus (L. Koch, 1873)

Родина Cheliferidae
 Chelifer cancroides (Linnaeus, 1761)
 Mesochelifer ressli Mahnert, 1981
 Dactylochelifer latreillei (Leach, 1817)

Морські павуки (Pantopoda)

Родина Nymphonidae Wilson, 1878
 Nymphon grossipes (Fabricius, 1780)
 Nymphon brevirostre Hodge, 1863

Шестиногі

Покритощелепні (Entognatha)
Покритощелепні представлені в Польщі 547 видами.

Двохвости (Diplura)

Безвусикові (Protura)
У Польщі нараховується 69 видів з 4 родин.

Колемболи (Collembola)

Комахи (Insecta)

Комахи на території Польщі можна оцінювати в кількості 28-30 тисяч.

Багатоні́жки (Myriapoda)
Станом на 2008 рік в Польщі налічувалося 147 видів багатоніжок

Основна стаття: Список багатоніжок Польщі

Щетинкощелепні (Chaetognatha)
У водах Балтійського моря знайдено два види щетинкощелепних:

Родина Sagittidae
 Sagitta setosa J.Müller, 1847
 Parasagitta elegans (Verrill, 1873)

Голкошкірі (Echinodermata)
У водах Балтійського моря було знайдено два види голкошкірих:

Морські зірки (Asteroidea)
Родина Asteriidae
 Asterias rubens Linnaeus, 1758

Офіури (Ophiuroidea)
Родина Ophiolepididae
 Ophiura albida (Forbes, 1841)

Хордові (Chordata)

Покривники (Urochordata)
У водах Балтики 4 види покривників:

Апендикуля́рії (Appendicularia)
Родина Fritillariidae Lohmann, 1915
 Fritillaria borealis Lohmann, 1896
Родина Oikopleuridae Lohmann, 1915
 Oikopleura dioica Fol, 1872

Асцидії (Ascidiacea)
Родина Styelidae Sluiter, 1895
 Dendrodoa grossularia (Van Beneden, 1846)
 Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)

Риби (Pisces) та Безщелепні (Agnatha)

У Польщі налічується більше 120 видів риб і міног. Більшість з них є кісткові риби (Osteichthyes). У Балтійському морі є морські види, а також бі-екологічні види, що ростуть у морському середовищі, але мігрують по річках на нерест.

Значна частина видів польської іхтіофауни штучно або випадково потрапили на територію Польщі.

Основна стаття: Список риб Польщі

Земноводні (Amphibia)

На території Польщі знайдено 18 видів земноводних:

 Хвостаті (Caudata)
 Саламандрові (Salamandridae)
  Саламандра вогняна (Salamandra salamandra)
  Тритон гребінчастий (Triturus cristatus)
  Тритон звичайний (Lissotriton vulgaris)
  Тритон карпатський (Lissotriton montandoni)
  Тритон гірський (Mesotriton alpestris)
 Безхвості (Anura)
 Кумкові (Bombinatoridae)
  Кумка червоночерева (Bombina bombina)
  Кумка жовточерева (Bombina variegata)
 Часничницеві (Pelobatidae)
  Часничниця звичайна (Pelobates fuscus)
 Ропухові (Bufonidae)
  Ропуха звичайна (Bufo bufo)
  Ропуха зелена (Bufo viridis)
  Ропуха очеретяна (Bufo calamita)
 Райкові (Hylidae)
  Райка деревна (Hyla arborea)
 Жаб'ячі (Ranidae)
  Ставкова жаба (Rana lessonae)
  Жаба їстівна (Rana esculenta)
  Жаба озерна (Rana ridibunda)
  Жаба трав'яна (Rana temporaria)
  Жаба гостроморда (Rana arvalis)
  Жаба прудка (Rana dalmatina)

Плазуни (Reptilia)

На території Польщі налічується 10 видів плазунів:

 Черепахи (Testudines)
 Прісноводні черепахи (Emydidae)
  Європейська болотна черепаха (Emys orbicularis)
 Лускаті (Squamata)
 Ящіркові (Lacertidae)
  Ящірка прудка (Lacerta agilis)
  Ящірка живородна (Zootoca vivipara)
  Ящірка зелена (Lacerta viridis)
 Веретільницеві (Anguidae)
  Веретільниця ламка (Anguis fragilis)
 Вужеві (Colubridae)
  Вуж звичайний (Natrix natrix)
  Вуж водяний (Natrix tesselata)
  Полоз ескулапів (Elaphe longissima)
  Мідянка звичайна (Coronella austriaca)
 Гадюкові (Viperidae)
  Гадюка звичайна (Vipera berus)

Птахи (Aves)

На території Польщі в цілому 450 видів птахів.

Основна стаття:Список птахів Польщі

Ссавці (Mammalia)

Кількість видів ссавців, знайдених в дикій природі Польщі 114, або (у тому числі соболя) 115.

Основна стаття:Список ссавців Польщі

Джерела
 Globalna Inicjatywa Taksonomiczna: Stan poznania. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN. [dostęp 29 czerwca 2010].
 Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 28 września 2004 r. w sprawie gatunków dziko występujących zwierząt objętych ochroną (Dz. U. z 2004 r. Nr 220, poz. 2237).
 Wykaz zwierząt Polski. Razowski J. (red.). T. IV. Kraków: Instytut Systematyki i Ewolucji Zwierząt PAN, 1997, s. 303. ISBN 978-83-907187-0-7.
 Grzegorz Tończyk (red.) Klucz do oznaczania makrobezkręgowców bentosowych na potrzeby oceny stanu ekologicznego wód powierzchniowych w Polsce. I. Lista operacyjna taksonów, Główny Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska, 2006.
 Gatunki obce w faunie Polski. Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN — Kraków. [dostęp 23 sierpnia 2013].
 Fauna Polski — charakterystyka i wykaz gatunków. Bogdanowicz W., Chudzicka E., Pilipiuk I. i Skibińska E. (red.). T. III. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2008, s. 603. ISBN 978-83-88147-09-8.
 Fauna Polski — charakterystyka i wykaz gatunków. Bogdanowicz W., Chudzicka E., Pilipiuk I. i Skibińska E. (red.). T. I. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2004. ISBN 83-88147-04-8.
 Michał Grabowski, Krzysztof Jażdżewski, Alicja Konopacka: Obce skorupiaki (Crustacea)w faunie Polski. W: XIX Zjazd Hydrobiologów Polskich Warszawa 2003 : Streszczenia plakatów i referatów. Warszawa: Wydział Biologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2003, s. 52. ISSN 83-888823-33-7.
 Barbara Baehr, Martin Baehr: Jaki to pająk?. Warszawa: MULTICO, 2008, s. 8. ISBN 978-93-7073-635-4.
 Wolfgang Nentwig, Manuel Kobelt: Spiders (Araneae). Chapter 7.3. W: Alain Roques, Marc Kenis, David Lees, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Wolfgang Rabitsch, Jean-Yves Rasplus, David Roy (red.): Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe. BioRisk 4 (1): 131–147, 2010. ISBN 9789546425546. (ang.)
 Jacek Kamczyc, Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz. Soil mites (Acari, Mesostigmata) from Szczeliniec Wielki in the Stołowe Mountains National Park (SW Poland). «Acta Sci. Pol». 9(1), s. 5-18, 2010 (ang.). [dostęp 15 stycznia 2014].
 Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz. MITES (ACARI, MESOSTIGMATA) OF THE TATRA NATIONAL PARK. «Biological Lett.». 46(1), s. 21-27, 2009 (ang.). [dostęp 15 stycznia 2014].
 Check-list of harvestmen (Opiliones) of Poland by Wojciech STARĘGA. [dostęp 23 sierpnia 2013].
 Lista gatunków zaleszczotków (Pseudoscorpionidea) Polski by Wojciech B. JĘDRYCZKOWSKI. [dostęp 23 sierpnia 2013].
 Fauna Polski — charakterystyka i wykaz gatunków. Bogdanowicz W., Chudzicka E., Pilipiuk I. i Skibińska E. (red.). T. II. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2007. ISBN 978-83-881470-7-4.
 M. Starzynska: Entognatha. [dostęp 2013-12-18].

Фауна Польщі
Біота Польщі
Фауна за країною


Typically I would not read write-up upon information sites, however i wish to say that this write-up pretty forced myself to perform therefore! Ones way of writing has become shocked me personally. Appreciate it, very good post.


text:
Musical.ly agrees to $5.7 million FTC settlement for allegedly violating children's privacy
by: Taylor O'Bier
Posted: Feb 27, 2019 / 07:49 PM EST / Updated: Feb 28, 2019 / 01:19 PM EST
(WAVY) — The company behind the popular lip-sync video app Musical.ly, now known as TikTok, has agreed to settle with the Federal Trade Commission for $5.7 million for allegedly violating children's online privacy.
In the FTC's complaint, they claim the app knowingly took personal information from children under the age of 13, including names, email addresses, phone numbers and more, without parental consent.
This allegation is a violation of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), which requires parental consent before websites and online services can take personal information from children under 13.
Users of the Musical.ly (now TikTok) app can create short, lip-syncing videos and share those videos with other app users. The app allows the users to interact through comments and direct messages.
To register for the app, users are required to provide an email address, phone number, username, first and last name, a short biography and a profile picture.
Over 200 million users have downloaded the app worldwide since 2014, and 65 million of those accounts are registered in the United States, according to the FTC.
The accounts are public by default, per the FTC's complaint. While the app allows users to make their accounts private, the users' profile pictures and bios are still public and other users can still message them.
The complaint states there have been reports of adults trying to contact children via the Musical.ly app.
In addition, until October 2016, the complaint states the app included a feature that allowed users to view other users within a 50-mile radius of their location.
The complaint alleges the operators of the Musical.ly app knew there were a significant percentage of users that were younger than 13 and received thousands of complaints from parents that their children under 13 had created Musical.ly accounts — but did nothing.
According to the FTC, the settlement also requires the app's operators to comply with COPPA going forward and to take offline all videos made by children under the age of 13, in addition to the monetary penalty.
The FTC says the settlement is the largest civil penalty they've ever obtained in a children's privacy case.


text:
Q: Getting Eclipse Working With Libgdx Library FIXED IT : I needed to rename the StarAssaultActivity.java to MainActivity.java DOH
I've been following this tutorial: http://obviam.net/index.php/getting-started-in-android-game-development-with-libgdx-create-a-working-prototype-in-a-day-tutorial-part-1/
I've been trying to figure out how to get a working app running on my 4.1.2 Android phone. I've gotten it to run fine on my computer (the tutorial explains this), but when I run it on my phone, it doesn't work. Here is the LogCat log that Eclipse gives me when I try to run it on my phone :
12-25 15:42:35.873: E/Trace(7827): error opening trace file: No such file or directory
12-25 15:42:35.873: D/ActivityThread(7827): setTargetHeapUtilization:0.25
12-25 15:42:35.873: D/ActivityThread(7827): setTargetHeapIdealFree:8388608
12-25 15:42:35.873: D/ActivityThread(7827): setTargetHeapConcurrentStart:2097152
12-25 15:42:35.923: D/AndroidRuntime(7827): Shutting down VM
12-25 15:42:35.923: W/dalvikvm(7827): threadid=1: thread exiting with uncaught exception (group=0x40cb8438)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to     instantiate activity     ComponentInfo{net.obviam.starassault/net.obviam.starassault.MainActivity}:     java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "net.obviam.starassault.MainActivity"     on path: /data/app/net.obviam.starassault-1.apk
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at    android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2024)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at   android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2132)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at android.app.ActivityThread.access$600(ActivityThread.java:139)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1231)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5021)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at   java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at  com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:789)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:556)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827): Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "net.obviam.starassault.MainActivity"  on path: /data/app/net.obviam.starassault-1.apk
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:61)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:501)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:461)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at android.app.Instrumentation.newActivity(Instrumentation.java:1053)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2015)
12-25 15:42:35.923: E/AndroidRuntime(7827):     ... 11 more
12-25 15:42:38.045: I/Process(7827): Sending signal. PID: 7827 SIG: 9

My setup in Eclipse is identical to the tutorial linked above, although I should mention I had to make some minor changes to the code to get it to compile. But it works on my computer just fine, so I don't think the problem resides in the core game code.
I've completed the part of the tutorial that has this image :
Here's my workspace, cause why not :

Ther warning in WorldRenderer.java is because it's saying a library is unused, which, I don't think is the problem.

A: 1) Ensure that your MainActivity class inside your android project is in the package 'net.obviam.starassault'.
2) Did you try running android app just after running setup-ui? (before modification) This ensures that platform and settings are ok.
3) You are NOT using JDK 7 right? :D
Hope this helps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


To view more patient reviews and ratings for Dr. Phillips, please click below.
A native of Dallas, Texas, Dr. John Phillips received his undergraduate degree from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, and his medical degree from Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. He completed his residency in orthopedic surgery at Eisenhower Army Medical Center in Fort Gordon, Georgia. A prior Army officer, Dr. Phillips served as chief of orthopedic service while stationed at Fort Sill in Oklahoma, both before and after his deployment to Tallil, Iraq.
Dr. Phillips is board-certified by the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery and a member of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. He has extensive experience in orthopedic trauma care, upper and lower extremity surgery, joint replacement surgery, and sports-related injuries.
Dr. Phillips resides in Blountville with his wife, Sarah.
Available to see patients at our Bristol – Hospital location, Dr. Phillips is dedicated to providing patients specialized care.


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38006 is a Halogen Lamp, with reflector and GU5.3 socket. It is crisp white light, 100% dimmable, outstanding colour rendering, close to natural light, environmentally friendly with no mercury or lead. This lamp includes patented reflector coating and multiple layers of a very durable and thin interference film.


all windows are in as of today!!
now were talking very impressed lots of work but look at the results,.,..
put on some more metal on the roof today.
Great Build! Ive been following this thread too. Is this going to be your permanent residence?
When its finished it will be our perminent residence.
then we will start phase 2 adding an addition on, the same plans we have now (Johns 20x30) turned 180!
as far as the footprint, it will be in a T shape, but only time will tell.
Adrienne and I started the front side of the roof today, we are starting to get a routine down.
by the time we perfect it the roof will be finished.
Looks like you are making good progress without incident.
The scaffolding has been the best tool so far, also we are putting a punch mark where the screws go on the ground.
I made a template sheet that I lay on the metal for the hole layout.
got a little more of the roof done this weekend.
I am getting close to finished, cant wait to pass this milestone.
I'll bet it feels pretty good having the roof (almost) done. Do you have the ridge cap on yet? if so you are probably hoping for a little rain!
not yet, hope to have it on real soon!
put fascia trim and rake trim up on one side of the cabin today.
what is the best tool to cut metal trim with?


Plenty of choices and new products are being tested to add to our inventory. Our faucets are for heavy use in professional bars and some not so professional bars. The point is these are tough, well built to last. And if something was to break, we sell the parts too. No need to buy a new one.