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text:
Ogden (William) Park
Ogden Park Fieldhouse
Teens: play ball for free on Friday & Saturday nights as part of the Windy City Hoops program.
Ogden Park Playground
Ogden Park Water Park
Ogden Park Playground2
Ogden Park Boxing Facility
Ogden Park Gym
Ogden Park Fitness Center
Ogden Park Field
6500 S. Racine Ave.
Supervisor: David Bailey
Features: Parks
Sunday: 6:00 am-11:00 pm
Monday: 6:00 am-11:00 pm
Tuesday: 6:00 am-11:00 pm
Wednesday: 6:00 am-11:00 pm
Thursday: 6:00 am-11:00 pm
Friday: 6:00 am-11:00 pm
Saturday: 6:00 am-11:00 pm
Fieldhouse Hours
Monday 10:00 am-9:00 pm
Tuesday 10:00 am-9:00 pm
Wednesday 10:00 am-9:00 pm
Thursday 10:00 am-9:00 pm
Friday 10:00 am-9:00 pm
Located in the Englewood community, Ogden Park totals 60.08 acres and features a gymnasium, fitness center, boxing gym, dance studio, and a multi-purpose room. Green features of the park include a Nature Garden. Outside, the park offers three playgrounds, a carousel, walking track, swimming pool, baseball diamonds, basketball/tennis courts. Many of these spaces are available for rental including our gymnasium, fields, and multi-purpose clubroom.
Park-goers can participate in the Park Kids after school program, seasonal sports, Junior Bears Football, dance, boxing, wrestling, track & field. During the summer, youth can participate in the Park District's popular six-week day camp.
In addition to programs, Ogden Park hosts fun special events throughout the year for the entire family including our Englewood Back to School Parade and other holiday-themed events.
Named for William B. Ogden (1805-1877), Chicago's first mayor, Ogden Park opened to the public in 1905. The site was one of ten revolutionary parks created to provide relief to Chicago's overcrowded tenement districts. The other nine were Sherman, Palmer, and Hamilton Parks and Armour, Russell, Davis, Cornell, and Mark White Squares. (Mark White Square is now known as McGuane Park.) Offering a variety of valuable recreational, educational, and social services to their surrounding communities, these ten properties soon influenced the development of other parks throughout the nation. Nationally renowned landscape architects the Olmsted Brothers and architects Daniel H. Burnham and Co. created a unique design for each park. Ogden, however, shared traits with Sherman Park in terms of both size and design. Each site was 60 acres in size. Additionally, each had a beautiful landscape with a meandering waterway near a meadow of ballfields. Ogden Park's waterway was drained and filled in 1940. The classically-designed fieldhouse underwent a major remodeling in 1972. In 1998, the Chicago Park District created a major regional playground in Ogden Park. One of the city's most exciting places for children, the Ogden Park playground includes assembly and stage areas, play equipment, an interactive water feature, and a canopied carousel.
For directions using public transportation visit www.transitchicago.com.
Contact: Sandy Streeter, President
Email: ogdenpac1@gmail.com
3rd Thursday of the month @ 6:30pm
Ogden Untitled Mosaic
Ogden Water Playground
Ogden Volleyball Court
Ogden Tennis Court
Ogden Running Track
Ogden Playground - N
Ogden Playground - E
Ogden Park Pool
Ogden Gymnasium
Ogden Football/Soccer Field
Ogden Fitness Center
Ogden Baseball Field
Ogden Nature Garden
6500 S Racine Ave
Ogden Clubrooms
Ogden World War II Memorial Drinking Fountain
Ogden Boxing Gym
Ogden Park Untitled Mural
Ogden Basketball Court
Ogden Fieldhouse
Registration dates vary by park. The dates listed below are specific to this park.
2020 Winter: Zone 2: East of California
Most programs run from Monday, January 06 to Sunday, March 15.
Online registration begins Tuesday, December 03.
In-person registration begins Saturday, December 07.
Click on a program name below for description, availability and to add to your wish list or register online (if available). For activities that have already begun, registration is ongoing while spots are available. Resident fees are listed below. Non-resident fees are double.
Boxing at Ogden 285864 Instruction Boxing At least 8 but less than 13 Coed From January 7, 2020 to March 14, 2020
Each Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday from 4pm to 6pm
Each Saturday from 9am to 12pm Free
Boxing at Ogden 285865 Instruction Boxing At least 13 but less than 18 Coed From January 7, 2020 to March 14, 2020
Each Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday from 4:30pm to 6:30pm
Each Saturday from 1pm to 5pm Free
Boxing at Ogden 285866 Instruction Boxing 18 and up Coed From January 7, 2020 to March 14, 2020
Each Tuesday,Wednesday,Friday from 12pm to 4pm
Each Saturday from 1pm to 5pm $30.00
Dance - Hip Hop at Ogden 286107 Instruction Dance At least 6 but less than 13 Female From January 6, 2020 to March 13, 2020
Each Monday,Wednesday,Friday from 3:30pm to 5pm Free
Dance - Hip Hop at Ogden 286108 Instruction Dance At least 13 but less than 18 Female From January 6, 2020 to March 13, 2020
Each Monday,Wednesday,Friday from 5pm to 6:30pm Free
Fitness and Nutrition at Ogden 286305 Instruction Fitness 60 and up Coed From January 10, 2020 to March 13, 2020
Each Friday from 11am to 11:45am Free
Low Impact Aerobics at Ogden 286924 Instruction Aerobics 18 and up Coed From January 6, 2020 to March 12, 2020
Each Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday from 6:15pm to 7:15pm $20.00
Seasonal Sports at Ogden 287470 Instruction Seasonal Sports At least 6 but less than 13 Coed From January 7, 2020 to March 12, 2020
Each Tuesday,Thursday from 4pm to 6pm Free
Seasonal Sports at Ogden 287471 Instruction Seasonal Sports At least 13 but less than 18 Coed From January 7, 2020 to March 12, 2020
Senior Dance at Ogden 287602 Instruction Dance 60 and up Coed From January 6, 2020 to March 9, 2020
Each Monday from 12pm to 2pm Free
Wrestling at Ogden 288498 Instruction Wrestling At least 6 but less than 13 Coed From January 6, 2020 to March 13, 2020
Each Monday,Wednesday,Friday from 4pm to 6pm Free
Wrestling at Ogden 288499 Instruction Wrestling At least 13 but less than 16 Coed From January 6, 2020 to March 13, 2020
Recreational Tumbling at Ogden 299325 Instruction Tumbling At least 6 but less than 13 Coed From January 6, 2020 to March 13, 2020
Each Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday from 4pm to 6pm Free
Fun with Food at Ogden 299326 Instruction Educational/Self-Help At least 6 but less than 12 Coed From January 10, 2020 to March 13, 2020
Each Friday from 4pm to 6pm Free
Sports Conditioning at Ogden 299327 Instruction Fitness At least 8 but less than 13 Coed From January 6, 2020 to March 13, 2020
Sports Conditioning at Ogden 299328 Instruction Fitness At least 13 but less than 18 Coed From January 6, 2020 to March 13, 2020
Basketball - Open at Ogden 285529 Open Basketball 19 and up Coed From January 7, 2020 to March 12, 2020
Each Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday from 12pm to 2:30pm $150.00
Senior Citizens Club at Ogden 287584 Open Clubs 60 and up Coed From January 8, 2020 to March 11, 2020
Each Wednesday from 12pm to 1:30pm Free
Table Games at Ogden 287888 Open Fun & Games At least 6 but less than 13 Coed From January 6, 2020 to March 13, 2020
Teen Club at Ogden 288007 Open Clubs At least 13 but less than 18 Coed From January 6, 2020 to March 13, 2020
Each Monday,Wednesday,Friday from 5:30pm to 6:30pm Free
Walking Club at Ogden 288423 Open Walking 60 and up Female From January 8, 2020 to March 11, 2020
Each Wednesday from 11am to 1pm Free
Ogden Park: World War II Memorial Drinking Fountain
Date Posted: 7/28/2015 The fountain's inscription reads: R20Dedicated to the men and women of the community who…
Ogden Park: Untitled Mosaic
Date Posted: 7/28/2015 Produced by eleven students under the guidance of artist Darlene McGhee, the mosaic depicts park…
Ogden Park: Untitled Mural
Date Posted: 7/28/2015 Celebrating the South Side's role in Chicago's jazz history, the mural includes imagery…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
In His Dark Materials trilogy, what can be the subtle knife used for?
A.To cut windows between worlds.
B.All of these
C.To cut through anything, even metals, stones and souls.
D.To destroy The Authority.
In the hit 80s movie The Outsiders, when Ponyboy and Johnny tell Dallas that they want to turn themselves in to the police and admit to killing Bob Sheldon, Dallas gets mad at them. They are driving together in a car and see a building on fire. What type of building is on fire?
In the film The Outsiders, Dallas Winston opens up a homeless shelter and takes care of all the kids in need.
In the 80s movie The Outsiders, Keith Two-Bit Matthews (Emilio Estevez) is wearing a shirt with a Disney character on it . What is the name of this Disney character?
What actress plays the role of Cherry Valance in the movie The Outsiders?
What year did the movie Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery come out in the movie theatres?
Who played the role of Austin Powers in the movie Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery?
In the movie Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery, Austin Powers was frozen in what year in the 1960s?
What was the name of Dr. Evils cat in the movie Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery?
What actress played the role of Vanessa Kensington in the hit movie Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery ?
In the movie Austin Powers: International Man Of Mystery, which one of Dr. Evils henchmen was played by actor Robert Wagner?


text:
Supreme Court Opinions > Cooter & Gell v. Hartmarx
COOTER & GELL
HARTMARX CORPORATION
Topic: Judicial Power* Court vote: 8–1
Joining O'Connor opinion: Justice BLACKMUN Justice BRENNAN Justice KENNEDY Justice MARSHALL Chief Justice REHNQUIST Justice SCALIA Justice WHITE
This case presents three issues related to the application of Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure: whether a district court may impose Rule 11 sanctions on a plaintiff who has voluntarily dismissed his complaint pursuant to Rule 41(a)(1)(i) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure; what constitutes the appropriate standard of appellate review of a district court's imposition of Rule 11 sanctions; and whether Rule 11 authorizes awards of attorney's fees incurred on appeal of a Rule 11 sanction. *
In 1983, Danik, Inc., owned and operated a number of discount men's clothing stores in the Washington, D.C., area. In June, 1983, Intercontinental Apparel, a subsidiary of respondent Hartmarx Corp., brought a breach-of-contract action against Danik in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Danik, represented by the law firm of Cooter & Gell (petitioner), responded to the suit by filing a counterclaim against Intercontinental, alleging violations of the Robinson-Patman Act, 49 Stat. 1526, 15 U.S.C. § 13 et seq. In March, 1984, the District Court granted summary judgment for Intercontinental in its suit against Danik, and, in February, 1985, a jury returned a verdict for Intercontinental on Danik's counterclaim. Both judgments were affirmed on appeal. Danik, Inc. v. Intercontinental Apparel, Inc., 245 U.S.App.D.C. 233, 759 F.2d 959 (1985) (judgment order); Intercontinental Apparel, Inc. v. Danik, Inc., 251 U.S.App.D.C. 327, 784 F.2d 1131 (1986) (judgment order).
While this litigation was proceeding, petitioner prepared two additional antitrust complaints against Hartmarx and its two subsidiaries, respondents Hart, Schaffner & Marx and Hickey-Freeman Co. One of the complaints, the one giving rise to the Rule 11 sanction at issue in this case, alleged a nationwide conspiracy to fix prices and to eliminate competition through an exclusive retail agent policy and uniform pricing scheme, as well as other unfair competition practices such as resale price maintenance and territorial restrictions. App. 3-14.
Petitioner filed the two complaints in November, 1983. Respondents moved to dismiss the antitrust complaint at issue, alleging, among other things, that Danik's allegations had no basis in fact. Respondents also moved for sanctions under Rule 11. In opposition to the Rule 11 motion, petitioner filed three affidavits setting forth the prefiling research that supported the allegations in the complaint. Id. at 16-17, 22-23, 24-27. In essence, petitioner's research consisted of telephone calls to salespersons in a number of men's clothing stores in New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C. Petitioner inferred from this research that only one store in each major metropolitan area nationwide sold Hart, Schaffner & Marx suits.
In April, 1984, petitioner filed a notice of voluntary dismissal of the complaint, pursuant to Rule 41(a)(1)(i). The dismissal became effective in July, 1984, when the District Court granted petitioner's motion to dispense with notice of dismissal to putative class members. In June, 1984, before the dismissal became effective, the District Court heard oral argument on the Rule 11 motion. The District Court took the Rule 11 motion under advisement.
In December, 1987, 3 1/2 years after its hearing on the motion and after dismissal of the complaint, the District Court ordered respondents to submit a statement of costs and attorney's fees. Respondents filed a statement requesting $61,917.99 in attorney's fees. Two months later, the District Court granted respondent's motion for Rule 11 sanctions, holding that petitioner's prefiling inquiry was grossly inadequate. Specifically, the District Court found that the allegations in the complaint regarding exclusive retail agency arrangements for Hickey-Freeman clothing were completely baseless because petitioner researched only the availability of Hart, Schaffner & Marx menswear. In addition, the District Court found that petitioner's limited survey of only four Eastern cities did not support the allegation that respondents had exclusive retailer agreements in every major city in the United States. Accordingly, the District Court determined that petitioner violated Rule 11, and imposed a sanction of $21,452.52 against petitioner and $10,701.26 against Danik.
The Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit affirmed the imposition of Rule 11 sanctions. Danik, Inc. v. Hartmarx Corp., 277 U.S.App.D.C. 333, 875 F.2d 890 (1989). Three aspects of its decision are at issue here. First, the Court of Appeals rejected petitioner's argument that Danik's voluntary dismissal of the antitrust complaint divested the District Court of jurisdiction to rule upon the Rule 11 motion. After reviewing the decisions of other circuits considering the issue, the Court of Appeals concluded that "the policies behind Rule 11 do not permit a party to escape its sanction by merely dismissing an unfounded case." Id. at 337, 875 F.2d at 894. The court reasoned that, because Rule 11 sanctions served to punish and deter, they secured the proper functioning of the legal system "independent of the burdened party's interest in recovering its expenses." Id. at 338, 875 F.2d at 895. Accordingly, the court held that such sanctions must "be available in appropriate circumstances notwithstanding a private party's effort to cut its losses and run out of court, using Rule 41 as an emergency exit." Ibid.
Second, the Court of Appeals affirmed the District Court's determination that petitioner had violated Rule 11. Petitioner's arguments failed to "cal[l] into doubt" the two fatal deficiencies identified by the District Court. Rather, petitioner's "account of their efforts d[id] no more than confirm these shortcomings." Ibid.
Third, the Court of Appeals considered respondent's claim that petitioner should also pay the expenses respondent incurred in defending its Rule 11 award on appeal. Relying on Westmoreland v. CBS, Inc., 248 U.S.App.D.C. 255, 770 F.2d 1168 (1985), the Court of Appeals held that an appellant who successfully defends a Rule 11 award was entitled to recover its attorney's fees on appeal and remanded the case to the district court to determine the amount of reasonable attorney's fees and to enter an appropriate award.
The Rules Enabling Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2072, authorizes the Court to
prescribe general rules of practice and procedure and rules of evidence for cases in the United States district courts (including proceedings before Magistrates thereof) and courts of appeals.
The Court has no authority to enact rules that "abridge, enlarge or modify any substantive right." Ibid. Pursuant to this authority, the Court promulgated the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure to "govern the procedure in the United States district courts in all suits of a civil nature." Fed.Rule Civ.Proc. 1. We therefore interpret Rule 11 according to its plain meaning, see Pavelic & Leflore v. Marvel Entertainment Group, 493 U. S. 120, 493 U. S. 123 (1989), in light of the scope of the congressional authorization.
Rule 11 provides, in full:
Every pleading, motion, and other paper of a party represented by an attorney shall be signed by at least one attorney of record in the attorney's individual name, whose address shall be stated. A party who is not represented by an attorney shall sign the party's pleading, motion, or other paper and state the party's address. Except when otherwise specifically provided by rule or statute, pleadings need not be verified or accompanied by affidavit. The rule in equity that the averments of an answer under oath must be overcome by the testimony of two witnesses or of one witness sustained by corroborating circumstances is abolished. The signature of an attorney or party constitutes a certificate by the signer that the signer has read the pleading, motion, or other paper; that to the best of the signer's knowledge, information, and belief formed after reasonable inquiry it is well grounded in fact and is warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law, and that it is not interposed for any improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation. If a pleading, motion, or other paper is not signed, it shall be stricken unless it is signed promptly after the omission is called to the attention of the pleader or movant. If a pleading, motion, or other paper is signed in violation of this rule, the court, upon motion or upon its own initiative, shall impose upon the person who signed it, a represented party, or both, an appropriate sanction, which may include an order to pay to the other party or parties the amount of the reasonable expenses incurred because of the filing of the pleading, motion, or other paper, including a reasonable attorney's fee.
An interpretation of the current Rule 11 must be guided, in part, by an understanding of the deficiencies in the original version of Rule 11 that led to its revision. The 1938 version of Rule 11 required an attorney to certify by signing the pleading
that to the best of his knowledge, information, and belief there is good ground to support [the pleading]; and that it is not interposed for delay... or is signed with intent to defeat the purpose of this rule.
28 U.S.C., pp. 2616-2617 (1940 ed.) An attorney who willfully violated the rule could be "subjected to appropriate disciplinary action." Ibid. Moreover, the pleading could "be stricken as sham and false and the action [could] proceed as though the pleading had not been served." Ibid. In operation, the rule did not have the deterrent effect expected by its drafters. See Advisory Committee Note on Rule 11, 28 U.S.C.App., pp. 575-576. The Advisory Committee identified two problems with the old Rule. First, the Rule engendered confusion regarding when a pleading should be struck, what standard of conduct would make an attorney liable to sanctions, and what sanctions were available. Second, courts were reluctant to impose disciplinary measures on attorneys, see ibid., and attorneys were slow to invoke the rule. Vairo, Rule 11: A Critical Analysis, 118 F.R.D. 189, 191 (1988).
To ameliorate these problems, and in response to concerns that abusive litigation practices abounded in the federal courts, the rule was amended in 1983. See Schwarzer, Sanctions Under the New Federal Rule 11 -A Closer Look, 104 F.R.D. 181 (1985). It is now clear that the central purpose of Rule 11 is to deter baseless filings in District Court and thus, consistent with the Rule Enabling Act's grant of authority, streamline the administration and procedure of the federal courts. See Advisory Committee Note on Rule 11, 28 U.S.C.App., p. 576. Rule 11 imposes a duty on attorneys to certify that they have conducted a reasonable inquiry and have determined that any papers filed with the court are well-grounded in fact, legally tenable, and "not interposed for any improper purpose." An attorney who signs the paper without such a substantiated belief "shall" be penalized by "an appropriate sanction." Such a sanction may, but need not, include payment of the other parties' expenses. See ibid. Although the rule must be read in light of concerns that it will spawn satellite litigation and chill vigorous advocacy, ibid., any interpretation must give effect to the rule's central goal of deterrence.
We first address the question whether petitioner's dismissal of its antitrust complaint pursuant to Rule 41(a)(1)(i) deprived the District Court of the jurisdiction to award attorney's fees. Rule 41(a)(1) states:
(1) By Plaintiff; by Stipulation. Subject to the provisions of Rule 23(e), of Rule 66, and of any statute of the United States, an action may be dismissed by the plaintiff without order of court (i) by filing a notice of dismissal at any time before service by the adverse party of an answer or of a motion for summary judgment, whichever first occurs, or (ii) by filing a stipulation of dismissal signed by all parties who have appeared in the action. Unless otherwise stated in the notice of dismissal or stipulation, the dismissal is without prejudice, except that a notice of dismissal operates as an adjudication upon the merits when filed by a plaintiff who has once dismissed in any court of the United States or of any state an action based on or including the same claim.
Rule 41(a) permits a plaintiff to dismiss an action without prejudice only when he files a notice of dismissal before the defendant files an answer or motion for summary judgment and only if the plaintiff has never previously dismissed an action "based on or including the same claim." Once the defendant has filed a summary judgment motion or answer, the plaintiff may dismiss the action only by stipulation, Rule 41(a)(1)(ii), or by order of the court, "upon such terms and conditions as the court deems proper." Rule 41(a)(2). If the plaintiff invokes Rule 41(a)(1) a second time for an "action based on or including the same claim," the action must be dismissed with prejudice.
Petitioner contends that filing a notice of voluntary dismissal pursuant to this rule automatically deprives a court of jurisdiction over the action, rendering the court powerless to impose sanctions thereafter. Of the Circuit Courts to consider this issue, only the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit has held that a voluntary dismissal acts as a jurisdictional bar to further Rule 11 proceedings. See Johnson Chemical Co., Inc. v. Home Care Products, Inc., 823 F.2d 28, 31 (1987).
The view more consistent with Rule 11's language and purposes, and the one supported by the weight of Circuit authority, is that district courts may enforce Rule 11 even after the plaintiff has filed a notice of dismissal under Rule 41(a)(1). See Szabo Food Service, Inc. v. Canteen Corp., 823 F.2d 1073, 1076-1079 (CA7 1987), cert. dism'd, 485 U.S. 901 (1988); Greenberg v. Sala, 822 F.2d 882, 885 (CA9 1987); Muthig v. Brant Point Nantucket, Inc., 838 F.2d 600, 603-604 (CA1 1988). The district court's jurisdiction, invoked by the filing of the underlying complaint, supports consideration of both the merits of the action and the motion for Rule 11 sanctions arising from that filing. As the "violation of Rule 11 is complete when the paper is filed," Szabo Food Service, Inc., 823 F.2d at 1077, a voluntary dismissal does not expunge the Rule 11 violation. In order to comply with Rule 11's requirement that a court "shall" impose sanctions "[i]f a pleading, motion, or other paper is signed in violation of this rule," a court must have the authority to consider whether there has been a violation of the signing requirement, regardless of the dismissal of the underlying action. In our view, nothing in the language of Rule 41(a)(1)(i), Rule 11, or other statute or Federal Rule terminates a district court's authority to impose sanctions after such a dismissal.
It is well established that a federal court may consider collateral issues after an action is no longer pending. For example, district courts may award costs after an action is dismissed for want of jurisdiction. See 28 U.S.C. § 1919. This Court has indicated that motions for costs or attorney's fees are "independent proceeding[s] supplemental to the original proceeding, and not a request for a modification of the original decree." Sprague v. Ticonic National Bank, 307 U. S. 161, 307 U. S. 170 (1939). Thus, even "years after the entry of a judgment on the merits," a federal court could consider an award of counsel fees. White v. New Hampshire Dept. of Employment Security, 455 U. S. 445, 455 U. S. 451, n. 13 (1982). A criminal contempt charge is likewise " a separate and independent proceeding at law'" that is not part of the original action. Bray v. United States, 423 U. S. 73, 423 U. S. 75 (1975), quoting Gompers v. Buck's Stove & Range Co., 221 U. S. 418, 221 U. S. 445 (1911). A court may make an adjudication of contempt and impose a contempt sanction even after the action in which the contempt arose has been terminated. See United States v. Mine Workers, 330 U. S. 258, 330 U. S. 294 (1947) ("Violations of an order are punishable as criminal contempt even though... the basic action has become moot"); Gompers v. Buck's Stove & Range Co., supra, 221 U.S. at 221 U. S. 451 (when main case was settled, action became moot, "of course without prejudice to the power and right of the court to punish for contempt by proper proceedings"). Like the imposition of costs, attorney's fees, and contempt sanctions, the imposition of a Rule 11 sanction is not a judgment on the merits of an action. Rather, it requires the determination of a collateral issue: whether the attorney has abused the judicial process, and, if so, what sanction would be appropriate. Such a determination may be made after the principal suit has been terminated.
Because a Rule 11 sanction does not signify a District Court's assessment of the legal merits of the complaint, the imposition of such a sanction after a voluntary dismissal does not deprive the plaintiff of his right under Rule 41(a) to dismiss an action without prejudice. "Dismissal without prejudice" is a dismissal that does not "operat[e] as an adjudication upon the merits," Rule 41(a)(1), and thus does not have a res judicata effect. Even if a district court indicated that a complaint was not legally tenable or factually well founded for Rule 11 purposes, the resulting Rule 11 sanction would nevertheless not preclude the refiling of a complaint. Indeed, even if the Rule 11 sanction imposed by the court were a prohibition against refiling the complaint (assuming that would be an "appropriate sanction" for Rule 11 purposes), the preclusion of refiling would be neither a consequence of the dismissal (which was without prejudice) nor a "term or condition" placed upon the dismissal (which was unconditional), see Rule 41(a)(2).
The foregoing interpretation is consistent with the policy and purpose of Rule 41(a)(1), which was designed to limit a plaintiff's ability to dismiss an action. Prior to the promulgation of the Federal Rules, liberal state and federal procedural rules often allowed dismissals or nonsuits as a matter of right up until the entry of the verdict, see, e.g., N.C.Gen.Stat.Ann. § 1-224 (1943), or judgment, see, e.g., La. Code Prac.Ann., Art. 491 (1942). See generally Note, The Right of a Plaintiff to Take a Voluntary Nonsuit or to Dismiss His Action Without Prejudice, 37 Va.L.Rev. 969 (1951). Rule 41(a)(1) was designed to curb abuses of these nonsuit rules. See American Bar Association, Proceedings of the Institute on Federal Rules, Cleveland, Ohio 350 (1938) (Rule 41(a)(1) was intended to eliminate "the annoying of a defendant by being summoned into court in successive actions and then, if no settlement is arrived at, requiring him to permit the action to be dismissed and another one commenced at leisure") (remarks of Judge George Donworth, member of the Advisory Committee on Rules for Civil Procedure); id. at 309; see also 9 C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2363, p. 152 (1971). Where state statutes and common law gave plaintiffs expansive control over their suit, Rule 41(a)(1) preserved a narrow slice: it allowed a plaintiff to dismiss an action without the permission of the adverse party or the court only during the brief period before the defendant had made a significant commitment of time and money. Rule 41(a)(1) was not designed to give a plaintiff any benefit other than the right to take one such dismissal without prejudice.
Both Rule 41(a)(1) and Rule 11 are aimed at curbing abuses of the judicial system, and thus their policies, like their language, are completely compatible. Rule 41(a)(1) limits a litigant's power to dismiss actions, but allows one dismissal without prejudice. Rule 41(a)(1) does not codify any policy that the plaintiff's right to one free dismissal also secures the right to file baseless papers. The filing of complaints, papers, or other motions without taking the necessary care in their preparation is a separate abuse of the judicial system, subject to separate sanction. As noted above, a voluntary dismissal does not eliminate the Rule 11 violation. Baseless filing puts the machinery of justice in motion, burdening courts and individuals alike with needless expense and delay. Even if the careless litigant quickly dismisses the action, the harm triggering Rule 11's concerns has already occurred. Therefore, a litigant who violates Rule 11 merits sanctions even after a dismissal. Moreover, the imposition of such sanctions on abusive litigants is useful to deter such misconduct. If a litigant could purge his violation of Rule 11 merely by taking a dismissal, he would lose all incentive to "stop, think and investigate more carefully before serving and filing papers." Amendments to Rules, 97 F.R.D. 165, 192 (1983) (Letter from Judge Walter Mansfield, Chairman, Advisory Committee on Civil Rules) (March 9, 1982).
We conclude that petitioner's voluntary dismissal did not divest the District Court of jurisdiction to consider respondent's Rule 11 motion. Although Rule 11 does not establish a deadline for the imposition of sanctions, the Advisory Committee did not contemplate there would be a lengthy delay prior to their imposition, such as occurred in this case. Rather,
it is anticipated that, in the case of pleadings, the sanctions issue under Rule 11 normally will be determined at the end of the litigation, and, in the case of motions, at the time when the motion is decided or shortly thereafter.
Advisory Committee Note on Rule 11, 28 U.S.C.App., p. 576. District courts may, of course, "adopt local rules establishing timeliness standards," White v. New Hampshire Dept. of Employment Security, 455 U.S. at 455 U. S. 454, for filing and deciding Rule 11 motions.
Petitioner further contends that the Court of Appeals did not apply a sufficiently rigorous standard in reviewing the District Court's imposition of Rule 11 sanctions. Determining whether an attorney has violated Rule 11 involves a consideration of three types of issues. The court must consider factual questions regarding the nature of the attorney's prefiling inquiry and the factual basis of the pleading or other paper. Legal issues are raised in considering whether a pleading is "warranted by existing law or a good faith argument" for changing the law and whether the attorney's conduct violated Rule 11. Finally, the district court must exercise its discretion to tailor an "appropriate sanction."
The Court of Appeals in this case did not specify the applicable standard of review. There is, however, precedent in the District of Columbia Circuit for applying an abuse of discretion standard to the determination whether a filing had an insufficient factual basis or was interposed for an improper purpose, but reviewing de novo the question whether a pleading or motion is legally sufficient. See, e.g., International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen & Helpers of America (Airline Div.) v. Association of Flight Attendants, 274 U.S.App.D.C. 370, 373, 864 F.2d 173, 176 (1988); Westmoreland v. CBS, Inc., 248 U.S.App.D.C., at 261, 770 F.2d at 1174-1175. Petitioner contends that the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit has adopted the appropriate approach. That Circuit reviews findings of historical fact under the clearly erroneous standard, the determination that counsel violated Rule 11 under a de novo standard, and the choice of sanction under an abuse-of-discretion standard. See Zaldivar v. Los Angeles, 780 F.2d 823, 828 (CA9 1986). The majority of Circuits follow neither approach; rather, they apply a deferential standard to all issues raised by a Rule 11 violation. See Kale v. Combined Ins. Co. of America, 861 F.2d 746, 757-758 (CA1 1988); Teamsters Local Union No. 430 v. Cement Express, Inc., 841 F.2d 66, 68 (CA3 1988), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 848 (1988); Stevens v. Lawyers Mutual Liability Ins. Co. of North Carolina, 789 F.2d 1056, 1060 (CA4 1986); Thomas v. Capital Security Services, Inc., 836 F.2d 866, 872 (CA5 1988) (en banc); Century Products, Inc. v. Sutter, 837 F.2d 247, 250 (CA6 1988); Mars Steel Corp. v. Continental Bank N.A., 880 F.2d 928, 933 (CA7 1989); Adamson v. Bowen, 855 F.2d 668, 673 (CA10 1988).
Although the Courts of Appeal use different verbal formulas to characterize their standards of review, the scope of actual disagreement is narrow. No dispute exists that the appellate courts should review the district court's selection of a sanction under a deferential standard. In directing the district court to impose an "appropriate" sanction, Rule 11 itself indicates that the district court is empowered to exercise its discretion. See also Advisory Committee Note on Rule 11, 28 U.S.C.App., p. 576 (suggesting a district court "has discretion to tailor sanctions to the particular facts of the case, with which it should be well acquainted").
The Circuits also agree that, in the absence of any language to the contrary in Rule 11, courts should adhere to their usual practice of reviewing the district court's finding of facts under a deferential standard. !See! Fed.Rule Civ.Proc. 52(a) ("Findings of fact... shall not be set aside unless clearly erroneous, and due regard shall be given to the opportunity of the trial court to judge of the credibility of the witnesses"). In practice, the "clearly erroneous" standard requires the appellate court to uphold any district court determination that falls within a broad range of permissible conclusions. See, e.g., Anderson v. Bessemer City, 470 U. S. 564, 470 U. S. 573 -574 (1985) ("If the district court's account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety, the court of appeals may not reverse it even though convinced that, had it been sitting as the trier of fact, it would have weighed the evidence differently. Where there are two permissible views of the evidence, the factfinder's choice between them cannot be clearly erroneous"); Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc., 456 U. S. 844, 456 U. S. 857 -858 (1982). When an appellate court reviews a district court's factual findings, the abuse of discretion and clearly erroneous standards are indistinguishable: A court of appeals would be justified in concluding that a district court had abused its discretion in making a factual finding only if the finding were clearly erroneous.
The scope of disagreement over the appropriate standard of review can thus be confined to a narrow issue: whether the court of appeals must defer to the district court's legal conclusions in Rule 11 proceedings. A number of factors have led the majority of Circuits, see supra at 496 U. S. 399 -400, as well as a number of commentators, see, e.g., C. Shaffer & P. Sandler, Sanctions: Rule 11 and Other Powers 14-15 (2d ed. 1988) (hereinafter Shaffer & Sandler); American Judicature Society, Rule 11 in Transition, The Report of the Third Circuit Task Force on Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11, 45-49 (Burbank, reporter 1989), to conclude that appellate courts should review all aspects of a district court's imposition of Rule 11 sanctions under a deferential standard.
The Court has long noted the difficulty of distinguishing between legal and factual issues. See Pullman-Standard v. Swint, 456 U. S. 273, 456 U. S. 288 (1982) ("Rule 52(a) does not furnish particular guidance with respect to distinguishing law from fact. Nor do we yet know of any other rule or principle that will unerringly distinguish a factual finding from a legal conclusion"). Making such distinctions is particularly difficult in the Rule 11 context. Rather than mandating an inquiry into purely legal questions, such as whether the attorney's legal argument was correct, the rule requires a court to consider issues rooted in factual determinations. For example, to determine whether an attorney's prefiling inquiry was reasonable, a court must consider all the circumstances of a case. An inquiry that is unreasonable when an attorney has months to prepare a complaint may be reasonable when he has only a few days before the statute of limitations runs. In considering whether a complaint was supported by fact and law "to the best of the signer's knowledge, information, and belief," a court must make some assessment of the signer's credibility. Issues involving credibility are normally considered factual matters. See Fed.Rule Civ.Proc. 52; see also United States v. Oregon Medical Society, 343 U. S. 326, 343 U. S. 332 (1952). The considerations involved in the Rule 11 context are similar to those involved in determining negligence, which is generally reviewed deferentially. See Mars Steel Corp. v. Continental Bank, N.A., supra, at 932; see also 9 C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2590 (1971); McAllister v. United States, 348 U. S. 19, 348 U. S. 20 -22 (1954) (holding that the District Court's findings of negligence were not clearly erroneous). Familiar with the issues and litigants, the district court is better situated than the court of appeals to marshall the pertinent facts and apply the fact-dependent legal standard mandated by Rule 11. Of course, this standard would not preclude the appellate court's correction of a district court's legal errors, e.g., determining that Rule 11 sanctions could be imposed upon the signing attorney's law firm, see Pavelic & LeFlore v. Marvel Entertainment Group, 493 U. S. 120 (1989), or relying on a materially incorrect view of the relevant law in determining that a pleading was not "warranted by existing law or a good faith argument" for changing the law. An appellate court would be justified in concluding that, in making such errors, the district court abused its discretion. "[I]f a district court's findings rest on an erroneous view of the law, they may be set aside on that basis." Pullman-Standard v. Swint, 456 U.S. supra, at 456 U. S. 287. See also Icicle Seafoods, Inc. v. Worthington, 475 U. S. 709, 475 U. S. 714 (1986) ("If [the Court of Appeals] believed that the District Court's factual findings were unassailable, but that the proper rule of law was misapplied to those findings, it could have reversed the District Court's judgment").
Pierce v. Underwood, 487 U. S. 552 (1988), strongly supports applying a unitary abuse of discretion standard to all aspects of a Rule 11 proceeding. In Pierce, the Court held a District Court's determination under the Equal Access to Justice Act (EAJA), 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d) (1982 ed.), that "the position of the United States was substantially justified" should be reviewed for an abuse of discretion. As a position is "substantially justified" if it "has a reasonable basis in law and fact," 487 U.S. at 487 U. S. 566, n. 2, EAJA requires an inquiry similar to the Rule 11 inquiry as to whether a pleading is "well grounded in fact" and legally tenable. Although the EAJA and Rule 11 are not completely analogous, the reasoning in Pierce is relevant for determining the Rule 11 standard of review.
Two factors the Court found significant in Pierce are equally pertinent here. First, the Court indicated that " as a matter of the sound administration of justice,'" deference was owed to the "`judicial actor... better positioned than another to decide the issue in question.'" 487 U.S. at 487 U. S. 559 -560, quoting Miller v. Fenton, 474 U. S. 104, 474 U. S. 114 (1985). Because a determination whether a legal position is "substantially justified" depends greatly on factual determinations, the Court reasoned that the district court was "better positioned" to make such factual determinations. See 487 U.S. at 487 U. S. 560. A district court's ruling that a litigant's position is factually well grounded and legally tenable for Rule 11 purposes is similarly fact-specific. Pierce also concluded that district court's rulings on legal issues should be reviewed deferentially. See id. at 487 U. S. 560 -561. According to the Court, review of legal issues under a de novo standard would require the courts of appeals to invest time and energy in the unproductive task of determining "not what the law now is, but what the Government was substantially justified in believing it to have been." Ibid. Likewise, an appellate court reviewing legal issues in the Rule 11 context would be required to determine whether, at the time the attorney filed the pleading or other paper, his legal argument would have appeared plausible. Such determinations "will either fail to produce the normal law-clarifying benefits that come from an appellate decision on a question of law, or else will strangely distort the appellate process" by establishing circuit law in "a most peculiar, second-handed fashion." Id. at 487 U. S. 561.
Second, Pierce noted that only deferential review gave the district court the necessary flexibility to resolve questions involving " multifarious, fleeting, special, narrow facts that utterly resist generalization.'" Id. at 487 U. S. 561 -562. The question whether the government has taken a "substantially justified" position under all the circumstances involves the consideration of unique factors that are "little susceptible... of useful generalization." Ibid. The issues involved in determining whether an attorney has violated Rule 11 likewise involve "fact-intensive, close calls." Shaffer & Sandler 15. Contrary to petitioner's contentions, Pierce v. Underwood is not distinguishable on the ground that sanctions under Rule 11 are mandatory: that sanctions "shall" be imposed when a violation is found does not have any bearing on how to review the question whether the attorney's conduct violated Rule 11.
Rule 11's policy goals also support adopting an abuse-of-discretion standard. The district court is best acquainted with the local bar's litigation practices, and thus best situated to determine when a sanction is warranted to serve Rule 11's goal of specific and general deterrence. Deference to the determination of courts on the front lines of litigation will enhance these courts' ability to control the litigants before them. Such deference will streamline the litigation process by freeing appellate courts from the duty of reweighing evidence and reconsidering facts already weighed and considered by the district court; it will also discourage litigants from pursuing marginal appeals, thus reducing the amount of satellite litigation.
Although district courts' identification of what conduct violates Rule 11 may vary, see Schwarzer, Rule 11 Revisited, 101 Harv.L.Rev. 1013, 1015-1017 (1988); Note, A Uniform Approach to Rule 11 Sanctions, 97 Yale L.J. 901 (1988), some variation in the application of a standard based on reasonableness is inevitable. "Fact-bound resolutions cannot be made uniform through appellate review, de novo or otherwise." Mars Steel Corp. v. Continental Bank N.A., 880 F.2d at 936; see also Shaffer & Sandler 14-15. An appellate court's review of whether a legal position was reasonable or plausible enough under the circumstances is unlikely to establish clear guidelines for lower courts; nor will it clarify the underlying principles of law. See Pierce, supra, 487 U.S. at 487 U. S. 560 -561.
In light of our consideration of the purposes and policies of Rule 11 and in accordance with our analysis of analogous EAJA provisions, we reject petitioner's contention that the Court of Appeals should have applied a three-tiered standard of review. Rather, an appellate court should apply an abuse-of-discretion standard in reviewing all aspects of a district court's Rule 11 determination. A district court would necessarily abuse its discretion if it based its ruling on an erroneous view of the law or on a clearly erroneous assessment of the evidence. Here, the Court of Appeals determined that the District Court "applied the correct legal standard and offered substantial justification for its finding of a Rule 11 violation." 277 U.S.App. D.C., at 339, 875 F.2d at 896. Its affirmance of the District Court's liability determination is consistent with the deferential standard we adopt today.
Finally, the Court of Appeals held that respondents were entitled to be reimbursed for attorney's fees they had incurred in defending their award on appeal. Accordingly, it remanded to the District Court "to determine such expenses and, ultimately, to enter an appropriate award." Id. at 341, 875 F.2d at 898. This ruling accorded with the decisions of the Courts of Appeals for the First and Seventh Circuits, see Muthig v. Brant Point Nantucket, Inc., 838 F.2d at 607, and Hays v. Sony Corp. of America, 847 F.2d 412, 419-420 (CA7 1988), and conflicted with the decisions of the Fourth and Ninth Circuits, see Basch v. Westinghouse Electric Corp., 777 F.2d 165, 175 (CA4 1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1108 (1986), and Orange Production Credit Assn. v. Frontline Ventures Ltd., 801 F.2d 1581, 1582-1583 (CA9 1986).
On its face, Rule 11 does not apply to appellate proceedings. Its provision allowing the court to include
an order to pay to the other party or parties the amount of the reasonable expense, incurred because of the filing of the pleading, motion, or other paper, including a reasonable attorney's fee
must be interpreted in light of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 1, which indicates that the rules only "govern the procedure in the United States district courts." Neither the language of Rule 11 nor the Advisory Committee Note suggests that the Rule could require payment for any activities outside the context of district court proceedings.
Respondents interpret the last sentence of Rule 11 as extending the scope of the sanction to cover any expenses, including fees on appeal, incurred "because of the filing." In this case, respondents argue, they would have incurred none of their appellate expenses had petitioner's lawsuit not been filed. This line of reasoning would lead to the conclusion that expenses incurred "because of" a baseless filing extend indefinitely. Cf. W. Keeton, D. Dobbs, R. Keeton, & D. Owens, Prosser and Keeton, on Law of Torts § 41, p. 264 (5th ed. 1984) ("In a philosophical sense, the consequences of an act go forward to eternity.... As a practical matter, legal responsibility must be limited to those causes which are so closely connected with the result and of such significance that the law is justified in imposing liability"). Such an interpretation of the rule is overbroad. We believe Rule 11 is more sensibly understood as permitting an award only of those expenses directly caused by the filing, logically, those at the trial level. A plaintiff's filing requires the defendant to take the necessary steps to defend against the suit in district court; if the filing was baseless, attorneys' fees incurred in that defense were triggered by the Rule 11 violation. If the district court imposes Rule 11 sanctions on the plaintiff, and the plaintiff appeals, the expenses incurred in defending the award on appeal are directly caused by the district court's sanction and the appeal of that sanction, not by the plaintiff's initial filing in district court.
The Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure place a natural limit on Rule 11's scope. On appeal, the litigants' conduct is governed by Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 38, which provides:
If a court of appeals shall determine that an appeal is frivolous, it may award just damages and single or double costs to the appellee.
If the appeal of a Rule 11 sanction is itself frivolous, Rule 38 gives appellate courts ample authority to award expenses. Indeed, because the district court has broad discretion to impose Rule 11 sanctions, appeals of such sanctions may frequently be frivolous. See 9 J. Moore, B. Ward, & J. Lucas, Moore's Federal Practice 238.03[2] pp. 38-13, 38-14 (2d ed. 1989) ("[W]here an appeal challenges actions or findings of the district court to which an appellate court gives deference by judging under an abuse of discretion or clearly erroneous standard, the court is more likely to find that the appellant's arguments are frivolous"). If the appeal is not frivolous under this standard, Rule 38 does not require the appellee to pay the appellant's attorney's fees. Respondent's interpretation of Rule 11 would give a district court the authority to award attorney's fees to the appellee even when the appeal would not be sanctioned under the appellate rules. To avoid this somewhat anomalous result, Rules 11 and 38 are better read together as allowing expenses incurred on appeal to be shifted onto appellants only when those expenses are caused by a frivolous appeal, and not merely because a Rule 11 sanction upheld on appeal can ultimately be traced to a baseless filing in district court.
Limiting Rule 11's scope in this manner accords with the policy of not discouraging meritorious appeals. If appellants were routinely compelled to shoulder the appellees' attorney's fees, valid challenges to district court decisions would be discouraged. The knowledge that, after an unsuccessful appeal of a Rule 11 sanction, the district court that originally imposed the sanction would also decide whether the appellant should pay his opponent's attorney's fee would be likely to chill all but the bravest litigants from taking an appeal. See Webster v. Sowders, 846 F.2d 1032, 1040 (CA6 1988) ("Appeals of district court orders should not be deterred by threats [of Rule 11 sanctions] from district judges"). Moreover, including appellate attorney's fees in a Rule 11 sanction might have the undesirable effect of encouraging additional satellite litigation. For example, if a district court included appellate attorney's fees in the Rule 11 sanction on remand, the losing party might again appeal the amount of the award.
It is possible that disallowing an award of appellate attorney's fees under Rule 11 would discourage litigants from defending the award on appeal when appellate expenses are likely to exceed the amount of the sanction. There is some doubt whether this proposition is empirically correct. See American Judicature Society, Rule 11 in Transition, The Report of the Third Circuit Task Force on Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11, p. 15 (Burbank, reporter 1989). The courts of appeals have ample authority to protect the beneficiaries of Rule 11 sanctions by awarding damages and single or double costs under Rule 38 -which they may do, as we have noted, when the appellant had no reasonable prospect of meeting the difficult standard of abuse of discretion. Beyond that protection, however, the risk of expending the value of one's award in the course of defending it is a natural concomitant of the American Rule, i.e., that "the prevailing litigant is ordinarily not entitled to collect a reasonable attorneys' fee from the loser." Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. v. Wilderness Society, 421 U. S. 240, 421 U. S. 247 (1975). Whenever damages awards at the trial level are small, a successful plaintiff will have less incentive to defend the award on appeal. As Rule 11 is not a fee-shifting statute, the policies for allowing district courts to require the losing party to pay appellate, as well as district court attorneys' fees, are not applicable. "A movant under Rule 11 has no entitlement to fees or any other sanction, and the contrary view can only breed appellate litigation." American Judicature Society, supra, at 49.
We affirm the Court of Appeals' conclusion that a voluntary dismissal does not deprive a district court of jurisdiction over a Rule 11 motion, and hold that an appellate court should review the district court's decision in a Rule 11 proceeding for an abuse of discretion. As Rule 11 does not authorize a district court to award attorneys' fees incurred on appeal, we reverse that portion of the Court of Appeals' judgment remanding the case to the district court for a determination of reasonable appellate expenses. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the court below is affirmed in part and reversed in part.


With Social Media being one the most popular internet destinations it is no wonder that opportunities to make money are being created. Currently, there are sites that pay you to post to established social media like Twitter and Facebook, and actual social media networks that pay you for being an active member. We are sure more opportunites will appear in time.


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The Bar/
Victorian judges to resolve with ADR
By The New Lawyer|04 March 2013
Judges will have the power to lead mediation in civil cases under a proposed new law in Victoria.
JUDGES will have the power to lead mediation in civil cases to resolve cases more quickly and cheaply under a proposed new law in Victoria.
The Judicial Resolution Conference Bill puts beyond doubt that alternative dispute resolution techniques such as mediation are a core function of judicial office, deputy Premier and Attorney-General Rob Hulls said.
The legislation was introduced to Parliament last week in an effort to bring ADR a reality in Victoria, he said.
"The community demands that Government and the courts work together to develop more flexible and innovative ways of settling civil disputes, and that's what we have achieved with this legislation," Hulls said.
Few civil disputes require the time and expense of going through the full court process to judicial determination, said Hulls.
"By harnessing the authority and knowledge of judges earlier in the process, the courts will be able to encourage a settlement as the most effective means of resolving a dispute," he said.
"The courts will have the power to set out rules governing the practices and procedures of judge-led ADR, with the confidence that their chosen procedures will be confidential and covered by a specific statutory immunity," Hulls said.
"The independence of the judiciary is further protected by ensuring that judicial officers cannot be compelled to give evidence about what has occurred during an ADR process.
"This is necessary to maintain public confidence in the independence of the judiciary."
The legislation fulfils the Brumby Labor Government's commitment in Justice Statement 2 to pass legislation supporting court-conducted appropriate dispute resolution, Hulls said.
The New Lawyer
Last Updated: 20 July 2016 Published: 03 August 2009
County Court welcomes 2 new judges
The other pandemic: Sexual harassment and bullying in law
How to make an anonymous or bystander report
6 appointments made to WA Magistrates Court
Retired judge appointed head of ICAC in South Australia
Registrar of Administrative Appeals Tribunal reappointed


I hope that this 2 Corinthians 6 Commentary blesses you! Remember when I said that I'll drop what I'm doing to do whatever the Lord leads in my last post? Well here we go! This is only part 1, as I only break down 2 verses. The Lord has impressed upon my heart to get this short post out as fast as possible. I haven't the foggiest clue why, but someone must need to read it.
If anyone out there seems like that person could be you, please take what's written to heart and just simply do whatever you think God is telling you to do. If you would, please contact me via email or leave a comment below. Something's up with someone and I'm not sure what.
Another thing to take stock of, is the first part of the verse. Are we truly working together with him, or are we busy trying to get him to work for us? I confess, I'm guilty of that, and have been several times over to my own regret. It is my opinion that we cannot possibly work together with Christ in us, if we don't have a firm grasp on what the Word of God has to say about him. Jesus must increase in our eyes, and we must decrease.
It is an astonishing thought that we serve a King that is willing to work together with us, that is proof of his meekness. He's not our buddy or our lapdog. He is the King of Kings and Lord of Lords, the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End! We are fortunate that we serve such a gracious God, that wills to work with us on every level of our lives. From the major issues to simple mundane decisions, he's right there and all things concerning you is important to him.
There is a time accepted for the Lord to hear you. If you're unsure of your salvation this is good news, and a piece of scripture you should take to heart! I believe that everyone on the planet has a time appointed for the Lord to hear them. Many people have come and gone. Some took that opportunity to hold fast to salvation on a day that the Lord appointed to hear them. Others did not believe on him and missed it, right unto death.
I can almost hear somebody unsaved ask,"How would you know when that time is?" Well, he gives you the answer right away. NOW IS THE ACCEPTED TIME, NOW IS THE DAY OF SALVATION! If you're not saved, then your whole life has been building up to this very time, this very moment! Right now is your time, it's the time that the Lord has appointed for you to take what little action is necessary for him to receive you unto himself.
And all that action is, would be a simple heartfelt prayer. Nothing fancy or pompous. If you haven't received the Lord into your heart, I've created a page that can help you out and guide you with what to say to simply ask the Lord to forgive you of your sins, and to receive him into your heart. Go check it out at Revelation of Salvation. . Don't miss YOUR day. None of us are promised tomorrow.
I truly appreciate all of you that come and check out the content of this site and all of you who have shown interest in this ministry. Thank you for reading 2 Corinthians 6 Part 1. I pray that it has been some kind of a blessing for you. God bless you all in Christ Jesus the Lord!
Heb.11:4. By Faith Through Grace: 2Cor.8:7-12.
The Covenant By Sacrifice: Ps.50:5 & Deut.8:13-20.
Even So Hath The Lord Ordained: 1Cor.9:7-14. Why This Waste? Lk.7:36-50. Now: 1Cor.16:1-2 Taught To Reap Of The Spirit or to reap corruption? Gal.6:6-10 Sow & Reap: 2Cor.9:6-7.
My apologies for my extremely tardy reply. It seems that I missed a handful of comments to respond to from a certain period of time. That said, could you please clarify your intent with your previous message? Maybe spell out what it is you are trying to convey, then attach the scriptures?
It may just be me, but I'm not sure what it is you are trying to say. lol. It probably is just me.
Regardless, thank you for the comment and may the Lord bless you mightily in the name of Christ Jesus!
I just found your site and it is to the Glory of God that He has motivated you to open this site that uses the Word of God only for proof! Praise the Lord for children that obey. Obedience is better than sacrifice. God bless you and His hand in this.
And amen about obedience is better than sacrifice! When you think about it, the sacrifice has already been made! That end is on the Father by Jesus.The obedience part is all on us. So I'd say that since Christ's crucifixion, that verse means more than when it was uttered before Christ came.
God bless you always in Christ Jesus, and thanks again for the kind words and your comment!


Well done William..very sharp image and love the green and blue reflection off the water!!
I agree they are the prettiest. Thanks very much, David!
Thanks so much, Carol. You noticed something I didn't!
Thanks on both counts, Donna!
I didn't notice that, Linda! Thank you!
Thank you for the kind comment and tweet, Debra!
This lovely Tricolor or Louisiana Heron (Egretta tricolor) was on an incline that sloped down to the water. It was too pretty not to take a few shots of it. This was my favorite.


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Max Pacioretty Jersey
Check out our selection of Max Pacioretty jerseys below. Montreal Canadiens, Hamilton Bulldogs and University of Michigan jerseys available. Home and away with S, M, L, XL, XXL, XXXL sizes with youth and women's styles in stock.
More about Max Pacioretty
A first round pick (22nd overall) of the Montreal Canadiens back in the 2007 draft, Max Pacioretty has blossomed into one of the NHL's best young power forwards.
It took Patches, as his teammates affectionately call him, and few tries to stick with the big club as he spent the better part of three seasons shuttling back and forth between the Habs and their AHL affiliate, the Hamilton Bulldogs, before his game finally reached a level too high to justify a trip back to the minors.
Unfortunatey for Pacioretty and Habs' fans just as he seemed poised to take the step to stardom a massive hit by the game's most massive player almost completely derailed his career. With 14 goals and 24 points in 37 NHL contests, Pacioretty was playing with plenty of swagger, and he was making a name for himself not only among fans and teammates, but also with other players around the league. One of those players was hulking 6'9″ defenseman Zdeno Chara, with whom Pacioretty had developed a feud.
Don't poke the bear is a popular saying in hockey circles, and it certainly applies where Chara is concerned. The blueliner is fearsome when roused, and he took out his anger of Pacioretty when the crushed the winger along the boards by the benches, driving him face-first into the turnbuckle.
Pacioretty suffered broken vertebrae in his neck in the horrific collision, and there was concern at the time that he might not be able to return to the game at the NHL level.
A fitness fanatic, and a man of uncommon determination, Pacioretty not only came back to the game the following season, but returned with a vengeance, scoring at a prolific rate. When the dust settled on the 2011-12 campaign, he had career highs in goals with 32 and 65 points.
This year, after a slow start, Pacioretty has really started to heat up. With 16 points in 16 games he is a huge reason why the Habs currently sit first in the Eastern Conference, a nearly unbelievable surge after finishing dead last in the conference the season previous.
At just 24 years of age Pacioretty is only now hitting his stride, and with his skill-set, his size and his fearsome determination one can only speculate how high he can take his game. Fans of the Canadiens have got a gem in this guy and if management doesn't let him slip away he should help the Habs remain a force to be reckoned with throughout the rest of the decade.


text:
Turbulence is a phenomenon involving the irregular motion of air and fluids, studied in fluid dynamics.

Turbulence may also refer to:

Physics and technology
Clear-air turbulence, a high-altitude aviation hazard
Wake turbulence, forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air
Wave turbulence, a set of waves deviated far from thermal equilibrium

Movies and TV
Turbulence (U.S. film series)
Turbulence (1997 film), a 1997 action film
Turbulence 2: Fear of Flying (1999 film) direct-to-video action film
Turbulence 3: Heavy Metal (2001 film) direct-to-video action film
Turbulence (2000 film), a 2000 Brazilian film
Turbulence (2011 film), a 2011 British film
Turbulence (2016), Lifetime Movie Network television film
"Turbulence" (CSI: NY episode)
"Turbulence" (Smallville episode), a season 8 episode of Smallville

Literature
Turbulence (novel), a 2005 children's book by Jan Mark
Turbulence, a 2010 superhero novel by Samit Basu
Turbulence, a novel by Giles Foden

Music
Turbulence (musician) (born 1980), Jamaican reggae musician
Turbulence (Aviator album)
Turbulence (Steve Howe album)
"Turbulence", a song from Warren Zevon's 1989 album, Transverse City
Turbulence, a 2007 album by Monoral
"Turbulence", a single from Bowling for Soup's 2011 album, Fishin' for Woos
"Turbulence" (song), a 2011 song by Laidback Luke, Steve Aoki, and Lil Jon

Other uses
Turbulence.org, an arts organization
Turbulence (NSA), a surveillance and cyberwarfare system
Turbulence, a 2005 proposed roller coaster at Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania, cancelled before coaster was constructed
Turbulence (roller coaster), a 2015 roller coaster at Adventureland in East Farmingdale, New York

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Shaker Music: Inspirational Hymns & Melodies. Mt. Lebanon Colony, NY; 1875.
In the life that is before us, blessed immortality.
And we catch a glimpse of beauty –– just a foresight of our home.
For communion with the angels, spotless robes we must prepare.
And that ever round our pathway light increasing still may glow.
We shall reap abundant blessing, and the joy of angels know.
Shall in joyous notes revealing, Swell the song of olden times.
Many souls awoke from dreaming, Hail'd the light from Heaven above.
Gladsome sounds we echo still, Peace on earth, to all goodwill.
Banish from our hearts all sadness, And in deeds of love abound.
And in kindly Christian feeling Breathe sweet peace and speak goodwill.
From sorrows of earth — where my soul finds rest.
Angels my guard, and the Lord's will my seal.
These three delightful Shaker hymns from the 1800's may be performed individually or in combination. Faith's Vision (To the Spirit Land We're Hastening) focuses on the glory and beauty of heaven and the need for holy living on earth to gain entrance there. Christmas Offering (Sweetest Music, Softly Stealing) connects joyful notes to angel songs of peace, goodwill and love. Blest Zion (Blest Zion, I Love Thee) extols a home of justice and purity away from earth's turmoil and confusion, bringing peace and confidence.
To The Spirit Land We're Hastening: This choral anthem presents "Faith's Vision," from the collection published for the Shaker community at Mt. Lebanon, NY, entitled Shaker Music, Original Inspirational Hymns and Songs Illustrative of the Resurrection Life and Testimony of the Shakers. The author is unknown. The original music is a homophonic, three-verse hymn. In this setting, the third verse reproduces the Shaker music. In the Mt. Lebanon hymnal it is marked "Dolce," so a gentle style and moderate tempo seem suited to the aesthetic of the original. While my music seeks to elaborate and extend the hymn, I have used relatively simple harmonies, rhythms and motifs. I would like to think there is nothing in this composition that would have been alien to a Shaker musician of the late 1800's. This piece also reflects, I hope, the joyful, dancing spirit for which the Shakers were known.
Sweetest Music, Softly Stealing: This anthem sets "Christmas Offering," from an 1875 hymnal published in Albany, NY. It has been attributed to Martha Jane Anderson and the Shaker community at Mt. Lebanon, NY. The first phrase (but little else) is similar to "Sweetest Music, Softly Stealing," words by G.W. Brindley, music by C. (Caleb?) Simper. That Christmas hymn is found in the monumental collection "Carols Old and Carols New" of Rev. Charles Lewis Hutchins (Boston: Parish Choir, 1916). Which hymn came first and whether one helped inspire the other are questions for further research. In any case, it is a sweet text and tune, with repeated lines providing an echo of gladsome sounds. And its message is timeless.
Blest Zion, I Love Thee: This forthright hymn evidently traveled from the Shakers in Maine to New York. Its text consists of a single, eight-line stanza and its robust melody spans an octave and a half. At first the whole choir presents the tune in unison. Then sopranos and altos sing it again while tenors and basses accompany with a repeated figure on "blessed Zion." Next sopranos and altos embrace and develop the accompaniment as tenors and basses burst forth with the theme. Energy builds and they break into octaves, with sopranos and altos following in canon. The piece ends with a calm repetition of the last line. The Shakers danced and marched in their worship; this hymn seems to convey that feeling — starting strong, growing in excitement, reaching a high point and winding down in quiet confidence.
"Blest Zion" — Nov. 5, 2012, T-Tones Chorus (Kathryn Schultz, cond.) U.S. Dept. of State, Washington, D.C.
"Blest Zion" — Nov. 2, 2008 (Daniel Elmer, cond.) St. Monica & St. James Episcopal Church, Washington, D.C.
"To The Spirit Land" — Feb. 8, 2008 (Kerry Krebill, cond.) St. Peter's Episcopal Cathedral, Helena, MT.
"Sweetest Music" — December 2007 (Daniel Elmer, cond.) St. Monica & St. James Episcopal Church, Washington, D.C.


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The Republic of Cyprus is a democracy that has de jure sovereignty over the entire island. In practice, however, the government controls only the southern, largely Greek-speaking part of the island, as the northern area is ruled by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), recognized only by Turkey. Political rights and civil liberties are generally respected in the Republic of Cyprus. Ongoing concerns include societal discrimination against minority groups and weaknesses in the asylum system.
In February, President Nicos Anastasiades was elected for another five-year term, taking 56 percent of the second-round vote.
In a sign of the economy's ongoing recovery from a banking crisis five years earlier, the European Central Bank resumed buying Cypriot bonds in September.
The country experienced an influx of irregular migrants and asylum seekers during the year, putting additional strain on the government's ability to house them and process their cases in a fair and timely manner.
Two new crossing points along the UN buffer zone between the TRNC and the Republic of Cyprus opened in November as a confidence-building measure ahead of the anticipated renewal of UN-sponsored reunification talks.
A. ELECTORAL PROCESS: 12 / 12 (+1)
The president is elected by popular vote for five-year terms. The current president, Nicos Anastasiades of the center-right Democratic Rally (DISY), won a second term with 56 percent of the vote in a February 2018 runoff against Stavros Malas, who was backed by the left-wing Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL). The two had outpolled seven other candidates in the first round in January. Analysts attributed the incumbent's victory to the recovery of the Cypriot economy since a 2013 banking crisis; the European Central Bank resumed purchases of Cypriot bonds following an improvement in the country's credit rating in September. International observers found that the overall election process adhered to democratic principles.
The unicameral House of Representatives has 80 seats filled through proportional representation for five-year terms. The Turkish Cypriot community has 24 reserved seats, which have been unfilled since Turkish Cypriot representatives withdrew from the chamber in 1964.
In the 2016 legislative elections, which were held in accordance with international standards, DISY led the voting with 18 seats, down slightly from 2011, followed by AKEL with 16, also a decline. The Democratic Party (DIKO) received 9 seats, the Movement for Social Democracy (EDEK) took 3, and the Green Party secured 2. Three new parties won seats for the first time: the far-right National Popular Front (ELAM) took 2, while 3 each went to the center-left Citizens' Alliance (SYPOL) and the right-wing Solidarity, an offshoot of DISY.
A3. Are the electoral laws and framework fair, and are they implemented impartially by the relevant election management bodies? 4 / 4 (+1)
Electoral laws are generally fair. In their report on the 2018 presidential vote, election monitors from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) noted some improvements since the 2013 contest, including 2017 legal changes that abolished most mandatory-voting provisions and established a ceiling of €1 million ($1.1 million) for candidates' campaign spending. The report found that the election was administered in a "highly professional, efficient, and transparent manner."
Score Change: The score improved from 3 to 4 because robust electoral laws and their fair application by the Central Electoral Office ensured the credibility of the 2018 presidential poll.
B. POLITICAL PLURALISM AND PARTICIPATION: 15 / 16 (−1)
A wide array of parties compete in the political system. Cyprus's two main parties, DISY on the right and AKEL on the left, usually split the largest share of the vote, but neither has dominated politics, and other parties are often able to play significant roles. Both DISY and AKEL lost seats in the 2016 parliamentary elections, and despite an increase in the vote threshold for representation, from 1.8 percent to 3.6 percent, three new parties were able to enter the parliament.
Cyprus has experienced regular democratic transfers of power between rival parties in recent decades, and multiple opposition parties are able to gain representation in the legislature.
People are generally able to express their political choices without undue interference from outside actors.
B4. Do various segments of the population (including ethnic, religious, gender, LGBT, and other relevant groups) have full political rights and electoral opportunities? 3 / 4 (−1)
Three recognized Christian minorities—the Armenians, the Latins, and the Maronites—each have one nonvoting representative in the parliament. Members of these minority groups vote in special elections for their representatives, as well as in the general elections. The Turkish Cypriot community's 24 seats remain unfilled.
Women in Cyprus have equal political rights, but they are underrepresented in political parties. No parliamentary party is led by a woman, and parties have failed to meet internal quotas mandating that 30 to 35 percent of their candidates be women. Women hold about 18 percent of the seats in the House of Representatives. No women ran for president in 2018. Sexism and patriarchal attitudes discourage women from playing a more active role in politics.
The interests of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) community, which still faces significant discrimination from some sectors of society, are not always well represented in the political system.
Score Change: The score declined from 4 to 3 because the political system has failed over time to ensure adequate representation for women and their interests.
The freely elected government is able to make and implement policy without improper interference from unelected entities.
Cyprus has strong anticorruption laws that are, for the most part, adequately enforced. However, there have been a number of high-profile corruption scandals in recent years, and critics of the government's record have raised concerns about early releases and pardons of individuals convicted on corruption charges. For example, in 2017, former deputy attorney general Rikkos Erotokritou was sentenced to three and a half years in prison for accepting bribes while in office in 2015, but he was granted release on parole in August 2018 under a law adopted in May that allows such releases for convicts who meet certain requirements. Opposition lawmakers said the measure seemed designed to benefit convicts with political connections.
In general, the government operates with openness and transparency. However, Cyprus lacks a freedom of information law; a draft bill that was presented for public comment in 2015 has yet to advance in the parliament, and civil society groups have criticized many of its provisions.
Freedom of speech is constitutionally guaranteed, and media freedom is generally respected. A vibrant independent press frequently criticizes the authorities. Numerous private outlets compete with public media, and there are no restrictions on access to online news sources.
Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the constitution and generally protected in practice. Nearly 90 percent of those living in government-controlled Cyprus are Orthodox Christians, and the Orthodox Church enjoys certain privileges, including religious instruction and some religious services in public schools. Non-Orthodox students may opt out of such activities. The government recognizes Muslim religious institutions and facilitates crossings at the UN buffer zone between north and south for the purpose of worship at religious sites. Muslim groups have occasionally faced obstacles in the operation of their religious sites. Other religious minorities sometimes encounter discrimination.
Academic freedom is respected in Cyprus. However, state schools use textbooks containing negative language about Turkish Cypriots and Turkey, and there is some political pressure regarding schools' treatment of sensitive historical and unification-related issues.
People are generally free to engage in political and other sensitive discussions without fear of retribution or surveillance.
Freedom of assembly is constitutionally guaranteed and generally respected.
E2. Is there freedom for nongovernmental organizations, particularly those that are engaged in human rights- and governance-related work? 4 / 4
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) usually operate without government interference. A memorandum of cooperation was signed in 2017 between the police and 12 NGOs to improve relations and prevent misunderstandings.
Workers have the right to strike, form independent trade unions, and engage in collective bargaining. The law provides remedies for antiunion discrimination, though enforcement is uneven.
The judiciary, which operates principally according to the British tradition, is independent in practice. Since the country joined the EU in 2004, the legal system has been gradually brought into harmony with EU law.
The justice system generally upholds due process standards. Law enforcement agencies largely observe safeguards against arbitrary arrest and detention, and criminal defendants have access to counsel and fair trial procedures.
Residents of Cyprus are free from major threats to physical security, though human rights monitors have noted cases of police brutality. Overcrowding and other problematic conditions have been reported at prisons and migrant detention centers.
In an attempt to block Cyprus's efforts to explore for offshore oil and gas, Turkey has threatened to use force against drilling vessels. Ankara argues that the maritime areas in question are under the jurisdiction of either Turkey or the TRNC.
Despite government efforts to combat prejudice and inequality, non-Greek Cypriot minorities, including migrants and asylum seekers, face discrimination and occasional violence. The country experienced an influx of new migrants and asylum seekers during 2018, and while many were quickly released from overburdened reception centers, they often lacked access to other housing. Asylum claims take up to five years to process amid a growing backlog of cases.
Gender discrimination in the workplace remains a problem, including with respect to hiring practices, salaries, and sexual harassment; laws against it have not been adequately enforced.
Antidiscrimination laws generally prohibit bias based on sexual orientation, and there are legal protections for transgender people on some issues as well. For example, laws barring incitement to hatred apply to both sexual orientation and gender identity. However, the LGBT community continues to face societal discrimination in practice.
G. PERSONAL AUTONOMY AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS: 14 / 16
There are few impediments to freedom of movement within the government-controlled area of the Republic of Cyprus. The UN buffer zone dividing the island remains in place, though travel between north and south has improved since 2004 due to an increase in the number of border crossings. In November 2018, two new crossing points opened at Deryneia and Lefka-Aplici.
Property rights are generally respected in Cyprus. A 1991 law stipulates that property left by Turkish Cypriots after 1974, when a Turkish invasion divided the island, belongs to the state. Under the law in the north, Greek Cypriots can appeal to the Immovable Property Commission (IMP), which in 2010 was recognized by the European Court of Human Rights as a responsible authority for the resolution of property disputes. However, its work has been seriously impaired in recent years by a lack of funding from the TRNC and Ankara.
G3. Do individuals enjoy personal social freedoms, including choice of marriage partner and size of family, protection from domestic violence, and control over appearance? 4 / 4
Personal social freedoms are largely unrestricted. Same-sex civil unions are allowed under a 2015 law, but it did not include adoption rights for same-sex couples. In 2018, the government was considering legislation that would establish a procedure to correct one's registered gender. Domestic violence is a growing problem despite official efforts to prevent and punish it. Two government-funded shelters are open to survivors of domestic abuse.
The legal framework generally protects workers against exploitative conditions of employment, and the government has made genuine progress in combating human trafficking. However, persistent problems include a lack of resources for labor inspectors and illegally low pay for undocumented migrant workers. Migrant workers and asylum seekers remain vulnerable to sexual exploitation and forced labor.
Explanatory Note:
The numerical rankings and status listed above do not reflect conditions in Northern Cyprus, which is examined in a separate report.


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Home-Tag: Musicals
Indecent Proposal
Nineties gender-politics thriller Indecent Proposal gets a modern #MeToo makeover in a brand-new British musical - with book and lyrics by Michael Conley, music by Dylan Schlosberg - at London's Southwark Playhouse.
Back to the Future: Nostalgic screen-to-stage sci-fi custom-made for superfans
By Terri Paddock|2021-10-05T12:20:56+01:005 October 2021|
This is not a project born of outsiders wanting to cash in, but rather a long-held ambition, some 16 years in the making, of Back to the Future's creators.
The Last Five Years: The piano is the new star in Jason Robert Brown's two-hander
There's a line in The Last Five Years, Jason Robert Brown's semi-autobiographical musical two-hander about a relationship breakdown, that gets me every time.
Frozen: Disney's big-budget blockbuster musical melted my heart
While London has had to wait a long time for Disney's own screen-to-stage adaptation, its September arrival makes it feel as if Christmas has come early to the West End.
Jersey Boys: Never mind Frankie Valli, let's pay tribute to Tommy
By Terri Paddock|2021-08-24T00:07:51+01:0023 August 2021|
If it weren't for Covid-19, we probably wouldn't have Jersey Boys back in the West End. But we probably would still have original Four Season Tommy DeVito.
Carousel: A dark take on domestic abuse and a Broadway classic
Just getting to the end of a show at the Open Air Theatre when the weather is iffy feels like an accomplishment, for the audience as well as the company.
John & Jen: Rachel Tucker is the only incentive musical theatre fans should need
By Terri Paddock|2021-08-04T10:06:49+01:004 August 2021|
As much as I was looking for any excuse to return to Southwark, it was the show that lured me back. Or to be more precise, Rachel Tucker starring in the show, musical two-hander John & Jen.
Joseph & the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat: A joyful nostalgia-fest for children of all ages
When you book to see Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, you are guaranteed not only a joyful night out at the London Palladium but also a time-travel ticket to your childhood.
Be More Chill: Feeling my age amongst the Squips fans
By Terri Paddock|2021-07-16T22:57:03+01:0010 July 2021|
Well done to the Be More Chill company. This new musical had just had its successful UK premiere and announced a lengthy extension at The Other Palace when Covid shut it down in March 2020.


AMD made a number of concrete announcements at Computex, building on what we heard from the company last week and the week before at its Financial Analyst Day. AMD has confirmed that its Epyc server family, which we've covered several times in the last few weeks, will launch on June 20th. AMD doesn't expect a quick server ramp — CEO Lisa Su has told investors that the company will bring up production over the next few quarters — and has set a goal of retaking 10 percent of the data center business. To put that in perspective, Intel's data center business was worth $17.2 billion in 2016. Even a 5 percent revenue share, half of AMD's current target, would be worth about $215 million per quarter to AMD, and those are high-margin dollars that improve the company's overall financials.
Threadripper, with up to 16-cores, 32 threads, quad-channel memory, and AMD's new X399 platform, will also debut later this summer, though the company hasn't given a launch date beyond "later this summer." All of AMD's Threadripper CPUs (and we don't know anything yet about the total product stack) will feature 64 lanes of PCIe 3.0 connectivity, unlike on Intel platforms, where you have to pay at least $1,000 for a chip that has 44 PCIe lanes. Threadripper pricing has not yet been announced, but AMD is generally expected to hit Intel hard on it once again. Intel's upcoming Skylake-X chips will sell more cores per dollar than any previous Intel HEDT line-up, but it seems pretty safe to bet AMD will take a chainsaw to Intel's overall price stack.
Meanwhile, we also got more information on how Vega will debut, and when various segments will see product. First up is the Vega Frontier Edition, which will launch on June 27 and fulfill, barely, AMD's pledge to have Vega in market during the first half of 2017. The Radeon Instinct M25 won't launch on June 20 alongside Epyc, but AMD is expected to release some additional details on the card and possibly give some pricing and positioning information.
As for consumer Vega, AMD has stated it will launch the card at SIGGRAPH, an industry event from July 30 – August 2nd. This fulfills Lisa Su's earlier remarks about launching consumer Vega within a couple of months (from mid-May). But SIGGRAPH is a professional event, not the sort of place where one normally launches a consumer graphics card. It's possible that AMD plans to do a joint announcement at the show, with a combined professional and consumer launch, but we're still wondering about what kind of availability and pricing AMD will be able to offer to the general market.
Best-case, the company has engaged in some sleight-of-hand to bring a more potent GPU to the consumer space than many are expecting. I don't think the worst-case scenario, in which Vega is simply non-competitive, is very likely — but it does seem possible that limited HBM2 availability could create a situation in which Vega, ultimately, is reserved for a relatively small number of cards. Our sister site Computer Shopper points out that AMD didn't promise Vega availability at SIGGRAPH either, which could mean that the actual launch is farther into August.
I normally enjoy speculating on how various products will perform and what launch availability will look like, but in this case, I feel like there's just too little information available. Many of the complaints leveled at Vega are similar to remarks made about Ryzen before it launched, and Ryzen has proven to be stronger than expected, not weaker. Then again, Ryzen didn't rely on a brand-new memory technology that really ought to have been in-market by now given HBM's ramp-up during 2015.


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Since starting her show campaign in Europe she has won numerous CAC's and CACIB's in France and since becoming a full time resident in France in December 2005, she completed her French Championship and in both 2006 and 2007 was Best Veteran in Show at the French Spitz Club Open Show. Also at the same show together with her son, Kai, and daughter, Keisha, Mindy has taken the title of Best Couple and Best Pair in Show respectively.
March 2008 saw her winning Best of Breed and Best Veteran in Breed in Luxembourg and then going on to take 3rd place in the Best Veteran in Show Challenge and also 3rd place in the FCI Group 5.
In March 2009, at 10 and a half year old, Mindy showed she still has what it takes by taking the title of Best Veteran in Show at the French Spitz Club Championship Show, Best Couple in Show with son Kai and Best Pair in Show with her daughter Keisha. Then the following day she again took Best Veteran in Show at the Montlucon International Championship Show.
November 2009 saw Mindy heading for Belgium to the European Dog Show in Kortrijk where she was graded Excellent and awarded the CAC and CACIB. This CACIB gave Mindy her International Title.
Ever the show girl and always ready and willing to show herself off at any time. We are convinced there is a picture in our loft which is ageing as Mindy herself does not seem to get any older.


So you've got your first or second job as a Junior Developer. You've been slinging code for a little while now, but how do you take the next step? Or, you're interested in kicking off your career, but don't fully know what the experience will be like in a career switch!
Join our expert panelists as they discuss their thoughts and experiences on how to best grow as a junior developer and how to foster your junior's growth. The panelists will also offer advice on the best ways to start and accelerate your career path as a dev and their thoughts about the role of mentorship in and outside of the workplace.
We will also be featuring the projects of alumni who are looking to continue their career in the tech industry, and will be showcasing projects from our Web Development Bootcamp.