Even with a mere 10$, you are likely to "hate" yourself if you bought something that do not work for you and because of lack of documentation or whatever other reason, you thought that it will.
With Term and Category based Posts Widget v4.7 and higher we will let people to download a version which don't requires a license as long Term and Category based Posts Widget is used on a localhost development server (or the site domain resolves to the local host IP: 127.0.0.1). This hopefully will let users check the relevant features before buying.
Sometimes when going from development to production the domain of the site changes and if you're not going to keep a live development server, it doesn't make any sense for both the user or us to make the user buy two licenses just for that.
With Term and Category based Posts Widget v4.7 and heigher you'll be able to just deactivate the license on your development site and activate it on production.
To deactivate the license, submit an empty value as the license key and press save.
After one year a renewal license is needed to get further brand new updates. The widget is still active – for unlimited time.
For more questions use the FAQ page or write us a message.


Sam joined Bennetts Associates' Manchester studio in early 2016. He is currently focused on the Mayfield Strategic Regeneration Framework.
Sam joined Bennetts Associates' Manchester studio in early 2016. He is currently focused on the Mayfield Strategic Regeneration Framework, drawing on experience gained through his thesis work on architecture and infrastructure. During his time at the University of Edinburgh, Sam acquired a keen interest in materials and new fabrication technologies. He is excited by the potential craftsmanship these developments offer and is working on building his first 3D printer.
Out of office hours, Sam enjoys running and completed his first half-marathon earlier this year. He also plays the drums and frequently snowboards at Manchester's indoor slope.


← Is it time to consciously uncouple from your toxic relationship with single-use plastic?
To be up to date with the latest information in the worm farming industry to can visit our composting latest news. On the other hand if you're starting worm farming and would like to begin professional composting today download a copy of our how to make a worm farm ebook.
Worm farming is a large step toward making our planet a little greener and your household friendly. You will not find an easier means to do that than worm farming. Below, you will find out exactly what worm farms find out about the benefits of worm farming and are. You will feel better about yourself knowing that you did your part to help the planet.
People that are interested in worm farms frequently use food bits so that them can decompose. What the worms excrete is called casts, or vermicompost. That is then used to fertilise the grass, the garden and other areas. The food bits become worm compost, and this compost is full of nutrients and minerals. That is a terrific option for folks and garden lovers seeking an organic and 100 percent natural means to enrich earth without using commercial fertilisers. If you are considering starting a worm farm, you ought to look for the two common worms. These are the Red Earthworm (the Lumbricus rubella) and the Red Wiggler (the Esienia foetida).
If you would like to produce a worm farm on a small scale or on a large scale you are able to decide. You will also find that many of the commercial farms sell the vermicompost and the worms or both the worm casts. The organic compost sold here is sought after. Or, if you do not care to buy it you could make your own. With a little research on the subject you'll become the next seller in the neighbourhood!
The best part about worm farming is you could take action in your own backyard. If you desire, you can even do it in your kitchen. Composting bins or vermiculture bins (worm-farm bins) can be purchased online. However, worm farming can be started by you with a couple simple containers such as plastic bins, buckets, metal containers, wooden crates and many other things, of your own.


This is my 'everyday, no nonsense New Zealand 8 ply wool. It will survive the kindergarten sand pit, a teenage sleepover and digging the veggie bed or pottering in the shed. Great value, pure wool, machine washable and NZ grown and spun.


jUST LEFT,HAD A VERY AGGREVATING SITUATION THERE. MY WIFE AND i,ORDERED OUR DINNER,WHILE WAITING ,MY WIFE NOTICED a promo they were running on Tuesdays. quote "TEXAS TUESDAYS -$4.25 Sam Adams Pints-Keep the glass…Limit one per guest,per visit. We ordered one, however ,when it was time to pay ,we asked our waitress for our glass. She told us that we had to pay an additional $3.00 for the glass.We asked to see the manager,he proceeded to tell us that we had to pay for the glass.We told him that is not what the promo said,he started to argue with us. His attitude and unwillingness to nuetralize the situation,really surprised me. I will never set foot in there again!
The best ribs in town, meaty and with a sauce that has a little zing but doesn't overpower the meat. Very large sweet potatoes also. I've always found the service to be quick and friendly. My wife and I order a full rack of ribs and take home enough for two more meals!
Best place I've found for a good steak. Do not ever remember getting a bad meal here. Love it!!!!
Love this place! Every time I have international guest I take them here and they love it. Good steak and fun atmosphere.


text:
Grant Wahl, soccer journalist, dies at 49 in Qatar while covering World Cup
Cydney Henderson, USA TODAY
December 13, 2022, 1:07 PM ·7 min read
Soccer analyst Grant Wahl died in Qatar while covering a World Cup match between Argentina and the Netherlands on Friday, just days after his 49th birthday.
Wahl's wife, Dr. Celine Gounder, confirmed his death Friday night on Twitter, writing she was in "complete shock." Gounder also expressed gratitude for support from the "soccer family & of so many friends who've reached out tonight."
Wahl, a sports journalist for CBS Sports and author of the GrantWahl Substack column, had covered eight men's World Cup tournaments.
U.S. media seated near him said Wahl fell back in his seat in a section of Lusail Iconic Stadium reserved for journalists during extra time of the game, and reporters adjacent to him called for assistance. Emergency services workers responded very quickly, the reporters said, and the reporters later were told that Wahl had died.
Grant Wahl speaks on a panel discussion at the 2014 Kicking + Screening Soccer Film Festival New York, presented by Budweiser, on April 8, 2014 in New York City.
"He received immediate emergency medical treatment on site, which continued as he was transferred by ambulance to Hamad General Hospital," the World Cup organizing committee said in a statement, which did not list a cause of death. "We are in touch with the US Embassy and relevant local authorities to ensure the process of repatriating the body is in accordance with the family's wishes."
Although an official cause of death has not been shared, Wahl wrote that he had been suffering from a "severe" illness that required him to visit a medical clinic in Qatar.
"My body finally broke down on me. Three weeks of little sleep, high stress and lots of work can do that to you," Wahl wrote Monday on his World Cup Daily newsletter. "What had been a cold over the last 10 days turned into something more severe on the night of the USA-Netherlands game, and I could feel my upper chest take on a new level of pressure and discomfort. I didn't have Covid (I test regularly here), but I went into the medical clinic at the main media center today, and they said I probably have bronchitis. They gave me a course of antibiotics and some heavy-duty cough syrup, and I'm already feeling a bit better just a few hours later. But still: No bueno."
Ned Price, a spokesman for the U.S. State Department, said the government is "engaged with senior Qatari officials to see to it that his family's wishes are fulfilled as expeditiously as possible."
Wahl is survived by his wife Gounder, an infectious disease specialist and epidemiologist at New York University, who served on the Biden-Harris Transition COVID-19 Advisory Board. They met at Princeton University and married in 2001 in Seattle.
MLS commissioner Don Garber said Wahl "will be deeply missed."
"We are shocked, saddened and heartbroken over the tragic passing of Grant Wahl. He was a kind and caring person whose passion for soccer and dedication to journalism were immeasurable," Garber tweeted. "Grant was an important member of the soccer community for more than two decades."
U.S. Soccer also issued a statement Friday.
"The entire US soccer family is heartbroken to learn that we have lost Grant," the statement read. "Fans of soccer and journalism of the highest quality knew we could always count on Grant to deliver insightful and entertaining stories about our game and its major protagonist: teams, players, coaches and the many personalities that make soccer unlike any sport. Here in the United States Grant's passion for soccer and commitment to elevating its profile across our sporting landscape played a major role in helping to drive interest in and respect for our beautiful game."
The statement concluded: "We thank Grant for his tremendous dedication to and impact on our game in the United States. His writing and the stories he told will live on."
Earlier Friday, Wahl shared several Instagram Stories from Lusail Stadium, where Argentina defeated the Netherlands in a penalty shootout to advance to the semifinals.
Wahl was among the journalists honored in Qatar by the International Sports Press Association (AIPS) and FIFA for their longtime coverage of men's World Cups.
Wahl rang in his 48th birthday Tuesday.
"Celebrated my birthday tonight with a great group of media friends at the World Cup. No games today, but very thankful for everyone," he tweeted.
Wahl said he was detained in Qatar for "nearly half an hour" ahead of the USMNT-Wales match Nov. 21 for wearing a rainbow shirt in support of the LGBTQ+ community. Qatar's laws against, and treatment of, LGBTQ people were flashpoints in the run-up to the first World Cup in the Middle East. Qatar has said everyone is welcome, including LGBTQ fans, but that visitors should respect the nation's culture.
"Security guard refusing to let me into the stadium for USA-Wales," Wahl tweeted. "'You have to change your shirt. It's not allowed.'"
Wahl said FIFA apologized to him.
Born in Mission, Kansas, Wahl graduated from Princeton University with a political science degree in 1996. ("They didn't have a journalism degree" at the time, he recalled in 2020.) Wahl covered the Princeton Tigers men's soccer team during his first year at the university. The team was coached by Bob Bradley, who went on to coach in Major League Soccer and for the United States men's national team.
Wahl spent a summer studying abroad in Argentina in 1994 with the Boca Juniors sports club, an opportunity presented to him by Bradley.
"By that time, I'd started to get really into the sport and the idea of covering it," Wahl recalled in a 2015 interview. "I learned so much from Bob Bradley, he was amazing."
Wahl landed a job straight out of college at Sports Illustrated, which he described as a dream. He worked there for 24 years.
"I got a subscription to Sports Illustrated as a Christmas present from my parents when I was 10 and that became my bible. I read that magazine cover to cover every week, it was in my mailbox on a Thursday," Wahl recalled in a 2015 interview. "I remember telling my friends in high school that I wanted to write for Sports Illustrated someday."
One of Wahl's cover stories at SI ended up becoming one of the most famous in the magazine's illustrious history – LeBron James' first cover in 2002, in which he was declared the "Chosen One."
"Very fond of Grant, and having that cover shoot, me being a teenager and him covering that, was a pretty cool thing," James, 37, said after the Lakers' game Friday night. "I've always kind of watched from a distance. It's a tragic loss. It's unfortunate to lose someone as great as he was."
Wahl went on to write the New York Times best-selling book "The Beckham Experiment" in 2009, highlighting the impact of David Beckham's move to the MLS's LA Galaxy.
In 2011, Wahl announced a bid to run for FIFA President against Sepp Blatter, who was running unopposed. But Wahl failed to secure an official nomination from a national soccer federation before the final deadline.
"I kept trying to secure that nomination right up until the last day before the deadline. I owed that to the thousands of soccer fans around the world who had put their trust in me as the People's Candidate," Wahl wrote in a 2011 Sports Illustrated article.
This story has been updated to reflect Grant Wahl's correct age. He
Contributing: Lorenzo Reyes, USA TODAY; The Associated Press
This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: Grant Wahl, soccer journalist, dies in Qatar covering World Cup
Perhaps the biggest domino of Dallas' offseason dropped Thursday afternoon.
BNY Mellon Alcentra Global Credit Income 2024 Target Term Fund, Inc. Declares Monthly Distribution
NEW YORK, January 26, 2023--On January 26, 2023, BNY Mellon Alcentra Global Credit Income 2024 Target Term Fund, Inc. (NYSE: DCF) declared a distribution of $0.050 per share of common stock, payable on February 24, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 9, 2023. The ex-dividend date is February 8, 2023. The previous distribution declared in December was $0.050 per share of common stock.
How to Roast Nuts Perfectly Every Time
Low and slow in the oven is the key to the best nuts.
Russia's finance ministry, economy ministry and central bank all oppose plans by mobile operator Veon Ltd to sell its Russian business, Vimpelcom, the Kommersant newspaper said on Thursday. Last November, Amsterdam-listed Veon said it would sell Vimpelcom to senior members of the Vimpelcom management team, led by CEO Aleksander Torbakhov, for 130 billion roubles ($1.87 billion).
PBS SoCal, Formerly KOCE, Celebrates 50 Years Featuring Special Programming, Events, Social Media Campaign and more Initiatives Serving Southern Californians and Beyond
PBS SoCal and KCET, Southern California's flagship PBS stations, announced today a year-long celebration to recognize the PBS SoCal (formerly known as KOCE) 50th Anniversary. Using the tagline "Continue Learning With Us" the station announced today a special programming slate over the course of the 2023 calendar that will recognize five decades of connecting communities in Orange County (where the station originated), Los Angeles and across Southern California. KOCE rebranded as PBS SoCalPB in 2
Handwriting Recognition (HWR) Global Market Report 2022: Featuring MyScript, Hanwang Technology, Nuance Communications, SELVAS AI & More
The "Handwriting Recognition (HWR) Market Size, Market Share, Application Analysis, Regional Outlook, Growth Trends, Key Players, Competitive Strategies and Forecasts, 2022 to 2030" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.
Broncos Wire
Broncos coach candidate Dan Quinn to remain with Cowboys
Dan Quinn will remain with the Cowboys for another year.
IBM is planning to cut nearly 4,000 jobs as a result of one of its branches spinning off to become its own company and divesting a healthcare data analytics business. Tim Davidson, a spokesperson for IBM, said the company is laying off roughly 3,900 employees. The company is also taking on a $300 million charge…
2U, Inc. Announces Date for 2022 Fourth Quarter and Full Year Earnings Report
2U, Inc. (Nasdaq: TWOU) announced today that it will report its fourth quarter and full year 2022 financial and operational results on Thursday, February 2, 2023. Christopher "Chip" Paucek, Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer, and Paul Lalljie, Chief Financial Officer, will hold an audio webcast and conference call at 4:30 p.m. ET to discuss the results.
Fission 3.0 Corp. Responds to OTC Markets Request on Recent Promotional Activity
Kelowna, British Columbia--(Newsfile Corp. - January 26, 2023) - Fission 3.0 Corp. (TSXV: FUU) (the "Company") announced today that it has been requested by OTC Markets Group Inc. ("OTC Markets") to issue a statement about recent promotional activity concerning its common shares traded on the OTCQB market.On Wednesday, January 18, 2023, OTC Markets informed the Company that it became aware of certain promotional activities concerning the Company and its common shares traded on the ...
Lara Spencer Addressed Why She Has a Walking Boot On Air and 'GMA' Fans Are Concerned
ABC journalist and 'Good Morning America' co-host Lara Spencer shared a health update on Instagram after getting surgery for a foot injury in December 2022.
Asbury Automotive Group Increases Share Repurchase Authorization to $200 Million
DULUTH, Ga., January 26, 2023--Asbury Automotive Group Increases Share Repurchase Authorization to $200 Million
The Sundance Film Festival: A Lively Market for Indie Cinema
The festival, presented this year in Utah and online, continues its transformation into a shopping center for streaming services; its best offerings include a Julia Louis-Dreyfus comedy and documentaries on Ukraine and Michael J. Fox.
You already know that Chevron is a component of my benchmark HOAX portfolio. I have owned it in my personal account forever, and for reasons clear to anyone who reads my columns, you would have to pry CVX from my cold, dead hands.
HBO's 'Succession' unveils the trailer for its upcoming season
Yahoo Finance Live anchors Seana Smith and Dave Briggs take a look at the latest trailer for the latest season of HBO's corporate drama "Succession", while keeping an eye out for a familiar face in the preview.
Dow Jones Futures: Tesla Drives Market Rally Up To Big Test; Intel Dives Late With Inflation Report Due
MSNBC's Symone Sanders Shares the Advice Ex-Boss Kamala Harris Gave Her When She Left Politics
"She is so encouraging," Symone Sanders-Townsend said of Vice President Kamala Harris
App.com | Asbury Park Press
Shore Conference Wrestling Tournament Pairings
Here are the pairings for the Shore Conference Individual Tournament, which will take place Friday and Saturday at Middletown South

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
THAT
FLIPPING ORCHESTRA
Screencastify
Note Name Test
Region Music Recordings
Marvin Garduno
Marvin Garduno, a Dallas native, attended Texas Tech University where he received his Bachelors and Masters in Music Education. He is currently the middle school orchestra director at the Grand Prairie Fine Arts Academy in Grand Prairie, Texas. Working alongside Richard Galvan, their orchestras consistently achieve superior rating at UIL contest and have also been invited to compete at the ASTA National Orchestra Festival at the high school and middle school level. In an effort to teach beyond the classroom, Mr. Garduno practices the flipped classroom approach by creating accessible content music educators and aspiring musicians can use as a tool to aid them in their musical adventure. Examples of this content range from videos, pictures, articles and the sharing of resources from other music educators, all of which can be found using his social media tag "That Flipping Orchestra Director".


Rancho Maroma is an architectural masterpiece built by locally noted vineyard architect, Robert Mehl.
Situated on a hilltop overlooking the entire Santa Ynez Valley, the serene 270-degree views simply take your breath away. Relax in the beautiful courtyard next to the fireplace or sunbathe by the pool and hot tub.
With contemporary Mediterranean design, Rancho Maroma is one of Santa Ynez Vacation Rental's architectural masterpieces built by locally noted vineyard architect, Robert Mehl. Situated on a hilltop overlooking the entire Santa Ynez Valley, the serene 270-degree views simply take your breath away. Relax in the beautiful courtyard next to the fireplace or sunbathe by the pool and hot tub. Either way, you will surely enjoy every minute spent at this completely private estate.
Step outside of the master bedroom into a beautifully private outdoor shower overlooking Santa Ynez Valley's rolling hills.
For the adventurer in you, take a walk down the country road surrounded by the property's 20 beautiful acres. Once you return, shower off outside in the master bedroom's outdoor privacy shower if you wish. Only six minutes to Los Olivos and surrounded by renowned vineyards such as Roblar, Bridlewood, and Brander, there is no excuse not to get out and sightsee! Cozy and inviting yet clean and modern, this five bedroom, three and a half bath home was built to make nature and artwork be seen through every window and door as you relax and take it all in.
Rancho Maroma is a green home 50 percent powered by solar panels and uses eco-friendly paint. Its thick adobe plaster is an energy efficient material that absorbs energy from the sun and radiates through the home when the weather gets cool, and in warmer months the material helps hold the coolness in the home from the previous night.
Guests are welcome to enjoy the solar panel powered pool and jacuzzi with immaculate 360-degree views of the Santa Ynez Valley.
For the adventurer in you, take a walk down the country road surrounded by the property's 20 beautiful acres.
Living room with incredible views.
Enjoy the open floor plan during your stay.
Luxurious & fully stocked kitchen.
With contemporary Mediterranean design, Rancho Maroma is an architectural masterpiece built by locally noted vineyard architect, Robert Mehl.
Situated on a hilltop overlooking the entire Santa Ynez Valley, the serene 270-degree views simply take your breath away.


text:
What the World Can Learn From Japan's Early Train Departure Apology
Editorial Board, Sankei Shimbun November 21, 2017 6:41 pm Leave your thoughts
apology, national railway, Shinpei Gotoh
On November 14th, a train scheduled to leave a Chiba Prefecture station at 9:44:40 AM departed 20 seconds early. The reason given was a lack of confirmation by the driver. For Japan, which has built a reputation on running according to schedule, this was rather surprising news. A New York newspaper asked, however: "Is this even a problem?"
Granted, none of the passengers missed their train, but repenting over 20 seconds is a sign of self-discipline—that "people's lives, not schedules are the priority." It cannot be overlooked that an early departure could have caused people to rush to board the train. Thus, one can see it as an indication of the pride of railway workers, rather than that of a dutiful national temperament.
It was Shinpei Gotoh who gave the Japanese railway a uniform system. He was the first president of the Railway Institute, the institution which managed the national railway.
"Suppresses idleness, forbids self-indulgence, maintains discipline, encourages responsibility—it ensures all of these things." This was what Gotoh said when asked about the role of uniforms, according to the Shinpei Gotoh for the current era (Fujiwara Shoten Publishing).
For the railway worker, the uniform must be like having a second brake. Though with recent reports of napping and mobile phone use—so-called "multi-task driving"—there appear to be many rogues who go against their forebearers' teachings. However, there are particular matters which elicit genuine surprise. The company which manages the Tsukuba Express has apologized, not for a delay, but for an "early departure."
Gotoh was known to arrive a little early for every meeting. In Gotoh's own words, "To be early is good, to be just in time is a danger." It is not cold steel which is riding the rails, but the lives of people. Paying tribute to the railway company which has a reputation for safety, I would like to ask the passengers, too, to at least be mindful that "to be early is good."
Along with the apology posted on the company's home page was the assurance, "There have been no reports from passengers that they were unable to board the scheduled train." The author of that probably regretted the slight "pause." I will not call it hasty. I will just mumble, "To be early is good."
Dear Megumi: President Trump Listened to Your Story, and That Gives Us Hope
Trump's Foreign Policy: A Free and Open Indo-Pacific
U.S. Japan Cooperation Expected on Passage of Congressional Resolution on David Sneddon Disappearance
Yoshihisa Komori Leave your thoughts
The U.S. House of Representatives passed a resolution at the end of September directing the U.S. government to investiga
Fishermen on Senkaku Islands: Why Do Japanese Have To Withdraw From Japanese Territory?
Sankei Shimbun Leave your thoughts
September 11 marked the 5th anniversary of the nationalization of the Senkaku Islands (part of Ishigaki City, Okinaw
Japanese Visas That Saved Jewish Refugees Are Just Half of the Story
Akira Kitade 1 Comment
Jan Zwartendijk First of two parts The achievements of the Honorary Consul of the Netherlands in Lithuania are burie


text:
layout: doc_page
---

# KLL sketch vs t-digest

The goal of this article is to do an objective comparison of the KLL quantiles sketch implemented in this library and the t-digest.

## Versions

* KLL sketch form sketches-core-0.11.1
* t-digest code as of Sep 14, 2017 (there is no published jar)

## Definition of rank

Consider the stream of n values presented to the sketch. The rank of a value would be its index in the sorted version of the input stream. If we divide the rank by n, it becomes the normalized rank, which is between 0 and 1. Suppose a particular value x is repeated several times. There is a range of ranks in the hypothetical sorted stream that might be assigned to x:

* min rule: mass of the distribution of values less than x
* max rule: mass of the distribution of values less than or equal to x
* mid rule: halfway between the min rule and the max rule

KLL sketch uses the min rule. If one value is added to the sketch (even repeatedly), its rank is 0.

It is not clear what rule t-digest uses. There is a discrepancy between the definition of rank in Javadoc and the implementation. The definition reads (above cdf(x) method in TDigest.java): "returns the fraction of all points added which are <= x". This would be the max rule. However, there is a helping method in tests that implements the mid rule. Moreover, experiments with streams of the same repeated value show that the min rule might explain the results better (see the plot below), but not exactly. For completeness the comparison was done using all tree rules for t-digest.

This plot is to validate the basic assumptions about the sketches. The same repeated value was used as the input. The expected rank error is 0%.

## Size

The starting point in this comparison is a choice of parameters for KLL sketch and t-digest in such a way that they have approximately the same size. It is quite difficult to measure the size of a Java object in memory, therefore the serialized size was used as the best available measure of size, which is also important for many practical applications in large systems. There are two ways to serialize t-digest: asBytes() and asSmallBytes(). It was found that t-digest with compression=100 (recommended in the documentation) approximately matches the size of KLL with the default parameter K=200 if the asBytes() method is used, and compression=200 approximately matches KLL if serialized using asSmallBytes() method. For completeness the comparison was done at both levels of compression.

The input for the following size measurements was generated using uniform random values from 0 to 1 (Random.nextFloat() for KLL sketch and Random.nextDouble() for t-digest)

## Accuracy

### Specification of error of KLL sketch

The error ε of the KLL sketch is specified as a fraction of the normalized rank of the hypothetical sorted stream of values presented to the sketch.

Suppose the sketch is queried using getRank() method to obtain the estimated rank rest of a value presented to the sketch. If the true rank of this value is rtrue, the estimated rank must be within the specified rank error ε of the true rank with 99% probability:
| rest - rtrue | < ε

KLL sketch has methods to obtain normalized rank error for both single-sided (rank) and double-sided (PMF) queries. The provided rank error is the best fit to 99th percentile of empirically measured maximum error in thousands of trials.

Note that KLL sketch does not make any assumptions about the distribution of values. In principle the values do not even have to be numeric. The only requirement is the "less than" relation in the value space. The implementation under test is specialized for values of type float, but the algorithm does not take into account any "distance" in the value space. Therefore there are no error guarantees in terms of values, only the bounds are provided: lower and upper bound values such that the true quantile should be found somewhere between them with 99% probability.

### Specification of error of t-digest

The error of the t-digest is specified, similarly to KLL sketch, as a fraction of the normalized rank.

The t-digest algorithm is taking into account the distance between values, but does not provide any accuracy guarantees in the value space.

The implementation of t-digest (as of this writing) doesn't have any methods to obtain rank error or error bounds.

### Accuracy plots

#### Input

* Uniform distribution between 0 and 1 (Random.nextFloat() for KLL sketch and Random.nextDouble() for t-digest)
* Gaussian distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation 1 (Random.nextGaussian())
* Growing blocks of repeated values (starts with 1 and 0.001 probability of incrementing, after every increment the probability is decreased by the factor of 0.98)

#### Vertical scale

Since t-digest shows rank error up to 100%, Y axis was plotted using logarithmic scale to be able to see details in the sub 1% region. Zero values were substituted with 10-2.

#### t-digest compression=100

#### t-digest compression=200

## Speed

The input for the following speed measurements was generated using uniform random values from 0 to 1 (Random.nextFloat() for KLL sketch and Random.nextDouble() for t-digest)

## Source code

The code to reproduce these measurements is available in the Datasketches/characterization repository

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
EU asks allies to boycott chinese companies
The American Government is concerned about its information security
According to reports of specialists in digital forensics from the International Institute of Cyber Security, the US government has urged its allies to stop using any telecommunications device developed by Huawei, as they consider that the Chinese company poses a threat to the security of its information and telecommunications.
Sources close to the problem report that US officials are pressuring countries that host American military bases to prohibit the use of Huawei equipment on their wireless networks and Internet.
The United States Army uses secure networks for its communications involving the most sensitive information, but the authorities have been worried, as much of its traffic is still shifted through commercial networks in countries like Germany, Italy and Japan, reported the digital forensics specialists. US officials have repeatedly met with government representatives and telecom executives in other countries, inviting them to stop using Huawei products on their networks, whether for commercial or government use.
The US authorities believe that Huawei devices are more prone to cyberattacks, and that they could allow the Chinese government to spy on communications or disable the Internet of Things (IoT) connections.
An American official, who has requested to remain anonymous, stated: "We are continually collaborating with countries around the world to establish guidelines on cyberthreats against our telecommunications structures. The information security landscape becomes more complex with the transition to 5G technology, which is being carried out by multiple governments."
On the other hand, Huawei has stated that its equipment is used by customers in about 200 countries; in addition, 46 out of the 50 largest telecom companies in the world have implemented the use of Huawei devices, so it cannot be considered an untrustworthy company.
"At Huawei we were surprised by the posture that the US government has taken. The US is trying to extend this stance beyond its jurisdiction, which we consider reprehensible. Huawei firmly believes that our partners and customers will make the right decision based on their own judgment and on the company's background," a spokesperson recently mentioned.
US intelligence officials have expressed concern about the safety of products manufactured by Huawei, in addition to ZTE, another Chinese company. According to specialists in digital forensics, last August the Pentagon ordered stores in their military bases to stop selling the products developed by these two companies, mainly smartphones, as they consider threats to American cybersecurity.
Some other EU-allied countries have already taken steps to cut Huawei's involvement in their infrastructures. Last August, Huawei announced that the Australian Government had banned its participation in the bidding for the implementation of 5G technology in its telecommunications infrastructure.
This situation is present in the midst of a conflict between China and the United States, as each country has imposed tariff rates on the other's products. The presidents of both countries will meet soon.
In: Data Security, Technology
Tagged: cybersecurity, Huawei, ZTE


"Pakistan." World Factbook, Relief Central, relief.unboundmedicine.com/relief/view/The-World-Factbook-2014/563181/all/Pakistan. Accessed 24 April 2019.
Pakistan. World Factbook. https://relief.unboundmedicine.com/relief/view/The-World-Factbook-2014/563181/all/Pakistan. Accessed April 24, 2019.
Pakistan [Internet]. In: World Factbook. [cited 2019 April 24]. Available from: https://relief.unboundmedicine.com/relief/view/The-World-Factbook-2014/563181/all/Pakistan.


text:
#include "pmem.h"
#include "pmutex.h"
#include "patomic.h"
#include "puthread.h"
#include "puthread-private.h"

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <process.h>

typedef HRESULT (WINAPI * PWin32SetThreadDescription) (HANDLE hThread, PCWSTR lpThreadDescription);
typedef HANDLE puthread_hdl;

struct PUThread_ {
	PUThreadBase		base;
	puthread_hdl		hdl;
	PUThreadFunc		proxy;
};

struct PUThreadKey_ {
	DWORD			key_idx;
	PDestroyFunc		free_func;
};

typedef struct PUThreadDestructor_ PUThreadDestructor;

struct PUThreadDestructor_ {
	DWORD			key_idx;
	PDestroyFunc		free_func;
	PUThreadDestructor	*next;
};

/*
 * For thread names:
 * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/debugger/how-to-set-a-thread-name-in-native-code
 */

const DWORD MS_VC_THREAD_NAME_EXCEPTION = 0x406D1388;

#pragma pack(push, 8)
typedef struct tagTHREADNAME_INFO
{
	DWORD  dwType;     /* Must be 0x1000.                        */
	LPCSTR szName;     /* Pointer to name (in user addr space).  */
	DWORD  dwThreadID; /* Thread ID (-1 = caller thread).        */
	DWORD  dwFlags;    /* Reserved for future use, must be zero. */
} THREADNAME_INFO;
#pragma pack(pop)

#ifndef P_CC_MSVC
static void *pp_uthread_name_veh_handle = NULL;

static LONG __stdcall
pp_uthread_set_thread_name_veh (PEXCEPTION_POINTERS except_info)
{
	if (except_info->ExceptionRecord != NULL &&
	    except_info->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == MS_VC_THREAD_NAME_EXCEPTION)
		return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION;

	return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
}
#endif

/* Rest of definitions */

static PWin32SetThreadDescription     pp_uthread_set_descr_func  = NULL;
static PUThreadDestructor * volatile  pp_uthread_tls_destructors = NULL;
static PMutex                        *pp_uthread_tls_mutex       = NULL;

static DWORD pp_uthread_get_tls_key (PUThreadKey *key);
static puint __stdcall pp_uthread_win32_proxy (ppointer data);

static DWORD
pp_uthread_get_tls_key (PUThreadKey *key)
{
	DWORD tls_key = key->key_idx;

	if (P_LIKELY (tls_key != TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES))
		return tls_key;

	p_mutex_lock (pp_uthread_tls_mutex);

	tls_key = key->key_idx;

	if (P_LIKELY (tls_key == TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES)) {
		PUThreadDestructor *destr = NULL;

		tls_key = TlsAlloc ();

		if (P_UNLIKELY (tls_key == TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES)) {
			P_ERROR ("PUThread::pp_uthread_get_tls_key: TlsAlloc() failed");
			p_mutex_unlock (pp_uthread_tls_mutex);
			return TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES;
		}

		if (key->free_func != NULL) {
			if (P_UNLIKELY ((destr = p_malloc0 (sizeof (PUThreadDestructor))) == NULL)) {
				P_ERROR ("PUThread::pp_uthread_get_tls_key: failed to allocate memory");

				if (P_UNLIKELY (TlsFree (tls_key) == 0))
					P_ERROR ("PUThread::pp_uthread_get_tls_key: TlsFree() failed(1)");

				p_mutex_unlock (pp_uthread_tls_mutex);
				return TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES;
			}

			destr->key_idx   = tls_key;
			destr->free_func = key->free_func;
			destr->next      = pp_uthread_tls_destructors;

			/* At the same time thread exit could be performed at there is no
			 * lock for the global destructor list */
			if (P_UNLIKELY (p_atomic_pointer_compare_and_exchange ((PVOID volatile *) &pp_uthread_tls_destructors,
									       (PVOID) destr->next,
									       (PVOID) destr) == FALSE)) {
				P_ERROR ("PUThread::pp_uthread_get_tls_key: p_atomic_pointer_compare_and_exchange() failed");

				if (P_UNLIKELY (TlsFree (tls_key) == 0))
					P_ERROR ("PUThread::pp_uthread_get_tls_key: TlsFree() failed(2)");

				p_free (destr);

				p_mutex_unlock (pp_uthread_tls_mutex);
				return TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES;
			}
		}

		key->key_idx = tls_key;
	}

	p_mutex_unlock (pp_uthread_tls_mutex);

	return tls_key;
}

static puint __stdcall
pp_uthread_win32_proxy (ppointer data)
{
	PUThread *thread = data;

	thread->proxy (thread);

	_endthreadex (0);

	return 0;
}

void
p_uthread_win32_thread_detach (void)
{
	pboolean was_called;

	do {
		PUThreadDestructor *destr;

		was_called = FALSE;

		destr = (PUThreadDestructor *) p_atomic_pointer_get ((const PVOID volatile *) &pp_uthread_tls_destructors);

		while (destr != NULL) {
			ppointer value;

			value = TlsGetValue (destr->key_idx);

			if (value != NULL && destr->free_func != NULL) {
				TlsSetValue (destr->key_idx, NULL);
				destr->free_func (value);
				was_called = TRUE;
			}

			destr = destr->next;
		}
	} while (was_called);
}

void
p_uthread_init_internal (void)
{
	HMODULE hmodule;

	if (P_LIKELY (pp_uthread_tls_mutex == NULL))
		pp_uthread_tls_mutex = p_mutex_new ();

	hmodule = GetModuleHandleA ("kernel32.dll");

	if (P_UNLIKELY (hmodule == NULL)) {
		P_ERROR ("PUThread::p_uthread_init_internal: failed to load kernel32.dll module");
		return;
	}

	pp_uthread_set_descr_func = (PWin32SetThreadDescription) GetProcAddress (hmodule, "SetThreadDescription");

#ifndef P_CC_MSVC
	pp_uthread_name_veh_handle = AddVectoredExceptionHandler (1, &pp_uthread_set_thread_name_veh);
#endif
}

void
p_uthread_shutdown_internal (void)
{
	PUThreadDestructor *destr;

	p_uthread_win32_thread_detach ();

	destr = pp_uthread_tls_destructors;

	while (destr != NULL) {
		PUThreadDestructor *next_destr = destr->next;

		TlsFree (destr->key_idx);
		p_free (destr);

		destr = next_destr;
	}

	pp_uthread_tls_destructors = NULL;

	if (P_LIKELY (pp_uthread_tls_mutex != NULL)) {
		p_mutex_free (pp_uthread_tls_mutex);
		pp_uthread_tls_mutex = NULL;
	}

	pp_uthread_set_descr_func = NULL;

#ifndef P_CC_MSVC
	if (pp_uthread_name_veh_handle != NULL) {
		RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler (pp_uthread_name_veh_handle);
		pp_uthread_name_veh_handle = NULL;
	}
#endif
}

PUThread *
p_uthread_create_internal (PUThreadFunc		func,
			   pboolean		joinable,
			   PUThreadPriority	prio,
			   psize		stack_size)
{
	PUThread *ret;

	if (P_UNLIKELY ((ret = p_malloc0 (sizeof (PUThread))) == NULL)) {
		P_ERROR ("PUThread::p_uthread_create_internal: failed to allocate memory");
		return NULL;
	}

	ret->proxy = func;

	if (P_UNLIKELY ((ret->hdl = (HANDLE) _beginthreadex (NULL,
							     (puint) stack_size,
							     pp_uthread_win32_proxy,
							     ret,
							     CREATE_SUSPENDED,
							     NULL)) == NULL)) {
		P_ERROR ("PUThread::p_uthread_create_internal: _beginthreadex() failed");
		p_free (ret);
		return NULL;
	}

	ret->base.joinable = joinable;

	p_uthread_set_priority (ret, prio);

	if (P_UNLIKELY (ResumeThread (ret->hdl) == (DWORD) -1)) {
		P_ERROR ("PUThread::p_uthread_create_internal: ResumeThread() failed");
		CloseHandle (ret->hdl);
		p_free (ret);
	}

	return ret;
}

void
p_uthread_exit_internal (void)
{
	_endthreadex (0);
}

void
p_uthread_wait_internal (PUThread *thread)
{
	if (P_UNLIKELY ((WaitForSingleObject (thread->hdl, INFINITE)) != WAIT_OBJECT_0))
		P_ERROR ("PUThread::p_uthread_wait_internal: WaitForSingleObject() failed");
}

void
p_uthread_set_name_internal (PUThread *thread)
{
	wchar_t		*thr_wname = NULL;
	psize		namelen    = 0;
	HRESULT		hres;
	THREADNAME_INFO	thr_info;

	if (pp_uthread_set_descr_func != NULL) {
		namelen = strlen (thread->base.name);

		if (P_UNLIKELY ((thr_wname = p_malloc0 (sizeof (wchar_t) * (namelen + 1))) == NULL)) {
			P_ERROR ("PUThread::p_uthread_set_name_internal: failed to allocate memory");
			return;
		}

		mbstowcs (thr_wname, thread->base.name, namelen + 1);

		hres = pp_uthread_set_descr_func (thread->hdl, thr_wname);

		p_free (thr_wname);

		if (P_UNLIKELY (FAILED (hres))) {
			P_ERROR ("PUThread::p_uthread_set_name_internal: failed to set thread description");
			return;
		}
	}

	if (!IsDebuggerPresent ())
		return;

	thr_info.dwType     = 0x1000;
	thr_info.szName     = thread->base.name;
	thr_info.dwThreadID = -1;
	thr_info.dwFlags    = 0;

#ifdef P_CC_MSVC
#  pragma warning(push)
#  pragma warning(disable: 6320 6322)
	__try {
		RaiseException (MS_VC_THREAD_NAME_EXCEPTION,
				0,
				sizeof (thr_info) / sizeof (ULONG_PTR),
				(ULONG_PTR *) &thr_info);
	}
	__except (EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER) {}
#  pragma warning(pop)
#else
	if (pp_uthread_name_veh_handle != NULL)
		RaiseException (MS_VC_THREAD_NAME_EXCEPTION,
				0,
				sizeof (thr_info) / sizeof (ULONG_PTR),
				(ULONG_PTR *) &thr_info);
#endif
}

void
p_uthread_free_internal (PUThread *thread)
{
	CloseHandle (thread->hdl);
	p_free (thread);
}

P_LIB_API void
p_uthread_yield (void)
{
	Sleep (0);
}

P_LIB_API pboolean
p_uthread_set_priority (PUThread		*thread,
			PUThreadPriority	prio)
{
	pint native_prio;

	if (P_UNLIKELY (thread == NULL))
		return FALSE;

	switch (prio) {
	case P_UTHREAD_PRIORITY_IDLE:
		native_prio = THREAD_PRIORITY_IDLE;
		break;
	case P_UTHREAD_PRIORITY_LOWEST:
		native_prio = THREAD_PRIORITY_LOWEST;
		break;
	case P_UTHREAD_PRIORITY_LOW:
		native_prio = THREAD_PRIORITY_BELOW_NORMAL;
		break;
	case P_UTHREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL:
		native_prio = THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL;
		break;
	case P_UTHREAD_PRIORITY_HIGH:
		native_prio = THREAD_PRIORITY_ABOVE_NORMAL;
		break;
	case P_UTHREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST:
		native_prio = THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST;
		break;
	case P_UTHREAD_PRIORITY_TIMECRITICAL:
		native_prio = THREAD_PRIORITY_TIME_CRITICAL;
		break;
	case P_UTHREAD_PRIORITY_INHERIT:
	default:
		native_prio = GetThreadPriority (GetCurrentThread ());
		break;
	}

	if (P_UNLIKELY (SetThreadPriority (thread->hdl, native_prio) == 0)) {
		P_ERROR ("PUThread::p_uthread_set_priority: SetThreadPriority() failed");
		return FALSE;
	}

	thread->base.prio = prio;

	return TRUE;
}

P_LIB_API P_HANDLE
p_uthread_current_id (void)
{
	return (P_HANDLE) ((psize) GetCurrentThreadId ());
}

P_LIB_API PUThreadKey *
p_uthread_local_new (PDestroyFunc free_func)
{
	PUThreadKey *ret;

	if (P_UNLIKELY ((ret = p_malloc0 (sizeof (PUThreadKey))) == NULL)) {
		P_ERROR ("PUThread::p_uthread_local_new: failed to allocate memory");
		return NULL;
	}

	ret->key_idx   = TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES;
	ret->free_func = free_func;

	return ret;
}

P_LIB_API void
p_uthread_local_free (PUThreadKey *key)
{
	if (P_UNLIKELY (key == NULL))
		return;

	p_free (key);
}

P_LIB_API ppointer
p_uthread_get_local (PUThreadKey *key)
{
	DWORD tls_idx;

	if (P_UNLIKELY (key == NULL))
		return NULL;

	tls_idx = pp_uthread_get_tls_key (key);

	return tls_idx == TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES ? NULL : TlsGetValue (tls_idx);
}

P_LIB_API void
p_uthread_set_local (PUThreadKey	*key,
		     ppointer		value)
{
	DWORD tls_idx;

	if (P_UNLIKELY (key == NULL))
		return;

	tls_idx = pp_uthread_get_tls_key (key);

	if (P_LIKELY (tls_idx != TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES)) {
		if (P_UNLIKELY (TlsSetValue (tls_idx, value) == 0))
			P_ERROR ("PUThread::p_uthread_set_local: TlsSetValue() failed");
	}
}

P_LIB_API void
p_uthread_replace_local	(PUThreadKey	*key,
			 ppointer	value)
{
	DWORD		tls_idx;
	ppointer	old_value;

	if (P_UNLIKELY (key == NULL))
		return;

	tls_idx = pp_uthread_get_tls_key (key);

	if (P_UNLIKELY (tls_idx == TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES))
		return;

	old_value = TlsGetValue (tls_idx);

	if (old_value != NULL && key->free_func != NULL)
		key->free_func (old_value);

	if (P_UNLIKELY (TlsSetValue (tls_idx, value) == 0))
		P_ERROR ("PUThread::p_uthread_replace_local: TlsSetValue() failed");
}


Muller Media Conversions has been helping government, industry and academia to meet serious data challenges for more than 30 years. The firm offers conversion services, systems and related software development.
Tape Conversion - 9-track reels (3420), 3480, 3490, 3490E, 3570, 3590, 9840, DLT, SDLT, AIT, LTO, 4mm, 8mm, Travan, QIC (full and mini) are among the many physical media we support. Logical structures include all flavors of IBM and ANSI standard files, including fixed and variable length records, spanned records and other variations that are troublesome to other services. We also convert many proprietary legacy formats, including Wang, DEC, Data General, Unix, PDP-11, Honeywell and many others.
Disk Conversion - SyQuest, Bernoulli, ZIP, JAZ, Super-Disk, CD, DVD, WORM, Optical (3½" and 5¼") and diskettes (8", 5¼" and 3½" ) in a dizzying variety of logical and physical formats.
It is now possible to erase servo-banded media such as LTO (1 through 7) and 3592 quickly, securely and at modest cost. We'll have much more detail about that on this website very soon.
For large projects (whether for Conversion or Media Rescue), onsite operations are sometimes the best answer. MMC can bring in the equipment, software and staff to get your project done with maximum efficiency and minimum distraction to your operations. In some cases, we perform the entire project. In others, we train your staff and provide software and hardware support.
Our staff is particularly strong in deciphering arcane data and media formats as well as writing software to handle those. Skills include C, C++, C#, VB.NET, a number of assembly languages. Please see the Consulting and Programming page if you have a special conversion need requiring a new or customized package. The Software products page talks about our proprietary packages which can be licensed, enabling one to perform many of these functions in-house.


text:
FLOS Lighting India
Architectural portfolio of Flos Lighting India provides professional, technical solutions within the Flos' aesthetic design philosophy. Flos' Architectural Lighting collections (Flos Lighting India) consist of high-performing LED and conventional lighting systems, recessed luminaires, spotlights, downlights, wall & ceiling lights, and outdoor lights that offer unprecedented and numerous visual possibilities due to their ability to integrate the structural systems into the architecture with ease and sophistication in line with lighting design concept being conceptualised.
Flos was born in the '50s with the idea that light could change the way people live. The encounter among the two founders Dino Gavina and Cesare Cassina with the American Arturo Eisenkil led to the introduction of cocoon, a resin sprayed on a metallic structure and a material for new experiments. In this period Flos attracted to itself, in an exclusive way and for many years to come, Afra and Tobia Scarpa and the Castiglioni brothers for the creation of lighting fixtures.
In the '60s the artistic management of the company was entrusted to Sergio Gandini, a man with astonishing entrepreneurial skills. He moved the company headquarter from Merano to Brescia and, together with Cassina, took on the challenge to launch Flos on the international scene(Flos Lighting India). This happened in 1972, when Flos made its appearance at the exhibition titled "Italy, the New Domestic Landscape", exhibiting a selection of objects/icons of the Italian industry that have later become part of the Moma permanent collection. The company expansion continued unstopped. A new facility was opened in Germany and Arteluce was acquired, an historic Italian company specialized in lighting fixtures. In the '80s, Pietro Gandini, Sergio's son, made his entrance in the company and decided to involve an ever growing number of designers for an ever larger offer.
Flos (FLOS Lighting India) established itself in an increasingly powerful way on the market, catching the attention of a large number of design enthusiasts thanks to the relentless pursuit of new solutions and original shapes and to the experiments with innovative materials. Piero Gandini's policies and strategies proved winning. Achille Castiglioni remained Flos' creative soul; nonetheless, the absolute news of the '80s was the collaboration with Philippe Starck who introduced his Arà and Miss Sissi. Within few days, the latter became one of the major company bestsellers.
Since its inception in the 1990s, Flos's Architectural (Flos Lighting India) lines have taken the lighting world in progressive new directions, synergising light & architecture into a collection that puts advanced energy efficiency and a eco-conscious materials at the forefront of their technical R&D. Leveraging smart technology & sustainable development, Flos Lighting India architectural lighting collections have revolutionized the ways that lighting is used to enhance the architectural design in commercial, hospitality, and residential projects.
Flos (Flos lighting India) thinks that light is the matter with which to express new ideas and create new objects. This is why for over 50 years it has been a world leader in the field of lighting design with its vast collections of indoor and outdoor lamps. Creating iconic products for them to be archetypes, thanks to brilliant ideas coming not only from masters of design, but also from new talents. This is the objective of Flos Lighting India, that leverages on the past experience to write the future and forges its identity on audacious choices, competences in the technological sector and the poetry of light.
Flos shapes light. Its lamps embody the right balance between handcraft and industrial production, art and design, tradition and innovation. It is this longing to innovate and reinvent itself that has enticed the company to experiment with new materials like the cocoon and technologies like the OLED.
Flos has collaborated with some of the world's most talented designers: Philippe Starck, Jasper Morrison, Konstantin Grcic, Marc Newson, Antonio Citterio, Marcello Ziliani, Marcel Wanders, Sebastian Wrong, Laurene Leon Boym, Piero Lissoni, Rodolfo Dordoni, Tim Derhaag, Johanna Grawunder, Joris Laarman, Knud Holscher, Barber & Osgerby, Patricia Urquiola, Paul Cocksedge, and Ron Gilad.
Lighting Design for Indoor Applications:
ENERTIA provides lighting design services as a lighting consultant in the form of conceptual, functional or technical submittals. These services of lighting design enables a world class lighting manufacturer to present design solutions to the projects which brings out astounding results at site. The technical aspect of lighting design is taken care of when specifying the products which helps in correct installation and commissioning on site.
Enertia being a lighting design service provider and well as lighting consultant enables the projects and the clients to intelligently choose the appropriate lighting fixtures for the applications in the project. In the lighting design process, the selection, specification as well as the final outcome of the project application is taken care off in detail so that the initial lighting design concept and the final outcome are as close as possible.
Lighting design involves careful understanding of the application area – while taking care of its aesthetics the functionality of the space has to be kept in mind. A good lighting design practice not only takes care of the fixture placements and effect but also the after installation serve and maintenance part of it as well. Both capex and the opex have to be carefully studied, and implemented so that the entire system becomes cost effective in the longer run.
As a good practice, lighting design especially in the indoor applications must also take into account the human & environmental impact of the lighting system being used.


Above: Cloudera is providing commercial support for its take on Hadoop -- whose mascot is an elephant -- on more and more public clouds. This time, it's the top one, Amazon Web Services.
In case you get the urge to store, query, and analyze your data on the biggest public cloud out there, Amazon Web Services, Cloudera has you covered.
As of today, Cloudera, which provides software for implementing and working with the Hadoop big-data storage and processing system, offers commercial support for companies running the enterprise tier of its software on Amazon's cloud.
The company has announced similar arrangements in recent months in collaboration with public clouds from IBM, CenturyLink, and Verizon, in a quest to help customers run its take on Hadoop on any infrastructure of their choosing. But working with Amazon is a whole other level, because Amazon represents such a major center of gravity in the cloud.
Amazon and Cloudera are working together to release new features and capabilities for Cloudera customers aboard Amazon, and the vendors have drawn up a model to ensure that joint customers receive first-class treatment whenever they need support.
Cloudera's win amounts to a loss for competitors in the Hadoop distribution business, including Hortonworks and Intel. Those companies have been gaining awareness through their own partnerships with public clouds. Hortonworks, for example, has been bringing its Hadoop distribution to Rackspace, Microsoft's Windows Azure, and Joyent.
Hadoop distribution vendor MapR has already gotten its software running on Amazon's cloud (and Google's, too, by the way). But the pay structure is different. Pricing for MapR depends on how much companies use on Amazon's cloud, while Cloudera charges subscription fees and provides its premium support 24 hours per day, seven days a week, or eight hours per day, five days a week.
And Cloudera is thought to be a bigger vendor than MapR. At least one can get that idea from a recent report from Wikibon big data analyst Jeff Kelly and his colleagues on big data revenue. The report shows Cloudera's 2012 revenue coming in at $56 million, more than double the size of MapR's for the same period ($23 million). So Cloudera's new way to make money off Hadoop deployments on Amazon could trigger a bigger revenue gain.
Still, Cloudera has ideas about which companies to reach out to now.
Cloudera customers with on-premise and cloud installations might be left wondering how they can manage all of them from one single site or application.
"You can expect to see that kind of capability moving into … the Cloudera offering over time, as the market developer and as customer demand matures," Stevens said.
For now, Cloudera just wants more people using Hadoop on Amazon's cloud — and shelling out to get some help.


text:
«Домой!» — дебютный студийный альбом российской рок-группы «Элизиум». Впервые дебютный альбом был выпущен на аудиокассетах осенью 1998 года под названием «Не моя любовь»; его издателем выступал лейбл «Хобгоблин Records». 29 сентября 2003 года альбом был переиздан под названием «Домой!» на кассетах и на компакт-дисках лейблом «АиБ Records».

В настоящее время группа «Элизиум» позиционирует «Домой!» как альбом исключительно для своих фанатов и не рекомендует его рядовому слушателю, поскольку дебютная работа 1998 года имеет мало общего с последующим творчеством группы. В музыке «Элизиума» того времени отсутствовали свойственные ему духовые инструменты и элементы ска и регги; старый состав группы, помимо теперешнего фронтмена Александра Телехова, включал в себя ещё двух вокалистов — Екатерину Зудину и Дмитрия Данилина, которые являлись одними из самых ранних участников группы. Выпуск альбома, тем не менее, дал музыкантам «Элизиума» возможность выбраться из родного Нижнего Новгорода и активно выступать в Москве.

История записи
Когда у группы «Элизиум» в 1996 году был записан англоязычный демоальбом ...My Self-control, среди рок-групп Нижнего Новгорода в основном преобладали исполнители метала, а единственным представителем панк-рока была группа «Чёрный культпросвет». «Элизиум» решил больше внимания уделить музыкальной составляющей и записать дебютный альбом русскоязычным, но при этом в стиле поп-панка, ранее не звучавшего в родном городе группы. Первая попытка обернулась неудачей: звукорежиссёр студии Sound Production, куда обратились музыканты, отказался работать с ними, сказав группе «Приходите, когда научитесь играть». Основателя «Элизиума» Дмитрия Кузнецова это не остановило, и в период весна 1997 года — лето 1998 года группа записала двенадцать песен планируемого альбома на другой нижегородской студии, «Авалон».

В запись были включены песни «That's Me» и «Self-control» с англоязычного демо ...My Self-control — уже в русских вариациях, названные «Как жаль?» и «Мой самоконтроль» соответственно. «Как жаль?» писалась Дмитрием Кузнецовым специально под вокалистку Екатерину Зудину; он работал над текстом песни ранним утром, за несколько часов до назначенной в студии записи, а Зудина присутствовала, чтобы одобрить конечный вариант. Песня «Не моя любовь» ранее тоже была написана в английском варианте, под названием «The Vengerful Invalid» — её концертное исполнение 1997 года присутствует в качестве бонус-трека на live-альбоме «Глупый стёб, попса... и никаких революций!». Там же появлялась демоверсия песни «Ярко горят» 1997 года, до этого существующая на английском языке под названием «Flowers». Дмитрий Спирин, вокалист панк-рок группы «Тараканы!» и близкий друг Дмитрия Кузнецова, принял участие в записи альбома, исполнив бэк-вокальные партии в песнях «Я иду домой» и «Целый год».

О песнях

Изначально дебютный альбом «Элизиума» носил название «Не моя любовь». Дмитрий Кузнецов считал, что такое название было «абсолютно попсовым» и не отражало содержание самого альбома: «Это название может восприниматься, только когда человек держит уже в руках кассету». Сравнивая студийный альбом с выпущенным ранее англоязычным демо ...My Self-control, Кузнецов отмечает не только русский язык песен, но и изменения в стилистике: упор теперь шёл на мелодику, отталкиваясь от «экстремального» звучания демоальбома с его тяжёлым исполнением и вокалом через дисторшн. Автор публикации для сборника «Русская рок-поэзия» Денис Ступников охарактеризовал стиль альбома «Не моя любовь» как «лирический поп-панк».

Дмитрий Кузнецов дал обрисовку текстам песен альбома, ссылаясь на слова Дмитрия Спирина о панк-роке во время совместного интервью: «быстрые, короткие, лаконичные, жёстко-гитарные песни с поп-мелодиями и дебильными, тупыми текстами». В качестве главной цитаты из альбома Кузнецов привёл строчку открывающего трека — «Пошли вы все, я иду домой». Денис Ступников отозвался о следующей песне «Про вертолёт» (в раннем издании озаглавленной «Про вертолёт (и пилота оного)») как об открывающей ряд будущих композиций «Элизиума», посвящённых романтическим профессиями. Сюжет песни «Ярко горят», в котором парень приходит к девушке с красными розами и после убивает её, Ступников раскрыл как маниакальную цель главного героя, замаскированную под любовными чувствами. Песня «Как жаль?», следующая за депрессивно-лирической балладой «Не моя любовь», написана специально под вокалистку и несёт феминистический характер. На альбоме присутствует песня на французском языке «Mon amour, ма vie» («Любовь моя, жизнь моя») в стиле панк-метала, а также две кавер-версии — песня «Зелёный попугай» из фильма «Про Красную Шапочку» (с фрагментом песни «Twist and Shout» в конце) и песня «Дикие гитары» из фильма «Новогодние приключения Маши и Вити».

Выпуск и переиздание альбома

Впервые дебютный альбом «Элизиума» вышел на аудиокассетах под названием «Не моя любовь» в сентябре 1998 года. С этого момента и по 1999 год его издателем выступал московский лейбл «Хобгоблин Records», известный по курированию таких панк-исполнителей России, как Егор Летов и групп «Инструкция по выживанию», «Тараканы!», «Король и Шут». Презентация альбома состоялась 12 декабря 1998 года в Нижнем Новгороде, в кинотеатре «Октябрь», одновременно с празднованием 3-летия группы. Более пятисот человек — слушателей и журналистов, — пришедших на презентацию, получили бесплатный экземпляр альбома. Там же, по совместительству, проходила презентация очередного альбома дружественной «Элизиуму» группы «Тараканы!». Вокалист «Тараканов!» Дмитрий Спирин и лидер «Элизиума» Дмитрий Кузнецов дали совместное интервью о своих музыкальных релизах.

Уже к 2001 году группа «Элизиум» готовила переиздание альбома «Не моя любовь», сменив его название на «Домой!» и планируя включить в него ряд бонус-треков. 29 сентября 2003 года альбом «Домой!» был выпущен под лейблом «АиБ Records» — как на аудиокассетах, так и впервые на компакт-дисках. Данный релиз был ориентирован преимущественно для поклонников группы — малоизвестный и не рекомендующийся рядовым слушателям, так как дебютный альбом имел мало общего с творчеством «Элизиума» того времени (альбомами «Все острова!» и «Космос»). Альбом «Домой!» на компакт-дисках включает в себя десять концертных бонус-треков, записанных на выступлении «Элизиума» в Нижнем Новгороде в 2000 году (большинство из студийных версий этих песен позже составили альбом «Все острова!» 2002 года). Ранее Дмитрий Кузнецов планировал дополнительно записать на переиздание песню «Я пришёл домой» — как непосредственное продолжение песни «Я иду домой», однако впервые она была выпущена только в 2004 году на альбоме «Рок-планета!», куда также вошли новые версии нескольких песен с альбома «Домой!».

Отзывы и критика
Дмитрий Спирин, вокалист панк-рок группы «Тараканы!», после совместной презентации их нового альбома и альбома «Домой!» («Не моя любовь») сказал, что с этой дебютной работой у «Элизиума» есть все шансы стать известным в России панк-коллективом. «Есть песни очень хорошие по мелодике, по аранжировке, сыграно ровно. Есть немножечко воды, совсем чуть-чуть. А пара номеров... ну, не совсем фуфло, но так... Иногда неровное пение. Иногда из пластинки видно, что она записана дёшево, но это не светится». Как обернулось, после выпуска дебютного альбома группа «Элизиум» приобрела известность за пределами родного Нижнего Новгорода и стала активно выступать в московских клубах. В 2001 году музыкальный журналист Денис Ступников взял тексты песен «Элизиума», включая альбом «Не моя любовь», как тему своей публикации для журнала «Русская рок-поэзия: текст и контекст». Насчёт самого альбома Ступников отметил: «Главное достоинство этой работы — "непредсказуемое" распределение вокальных партий между солисткой и двумя солистами. За счёт данного приёма "высвечивается" ряд смыслов, не актуализируемых при "монологическом" исполнении».

Самый первый вокалист и гитарист «Элизиума» Александр Репьёв, покинувший группу в 1996 году, придерживался своего мнения о дебютном альбоме:

Список композиций
Список основан на CD-версии переиздания альбома 2003 года, несколько отличающийся порядком песен от переиздания на кассетах. Песня «Never Again!» и бонус-треки «Зелёный попугай» и «Дикие гитары» на мастер-диске представлены в едином треке длительностью 10:23 мин.; их раздельная длительность указана в соответствии с MP3-версией альбома на официальном сайте группы «Элизиум». Там же в список включена ранняя версия песни «Круглый год — без забот», являющаяся бонус-треком на альбоме «Глупый стёб, попса... и никаких революций!» 2000 года.

Участники записи
Исполнители

 Дмитрий «Дракол» Кузнецов — бас-гитара;
 Екатерина «Кэтиш» Зудина — ритм-гитара, вокал;
 Дмитрий «Rotten» Данилин — вокал;
 Александр «Пропеллер» Телехов — вокал;
 Михаил Егорычев — соло-гитара;
 Игорь Тарасов — ударные.

Сессионные участники

 Дмитрий «Сид» Спирин — бэк-вокал (треки 1, 8);
 Сергей Сухонин — соло-гитара (треки 2, 4, «Дикие гитары»).

Производство

 Звукооператор — А. Баринов;
 Сведение — Дмитрий Бельтюков, Дмитрий Кузнецов;
 Ремастеринг — А. Айдакин;
 Обложка — Д. Куликов (дизайн), Роман Докукин, Ната Сажина;
 Фотографии — Д. Соколов, Ю. Юсупов.

Концерт в Нижнем Новгороде, 2000 год

 Дмитрий «Дракол» Кузнецов — бас-гитара;
 Александр «Пропеллер» Телехов — вокал;
 Игорь Тарасов — ударные;
 Сергей Сухонин — гитара;
 Сергей Тремасов — тромбон.

Клип «Mon amour, ma vie»

Видеоклип на франкоязычную песню «Mon amour, ma vie» был снят весной 1997 года, в начале записи дебютного альбома. Это был первый клип группы «Элизиум»; его оператором и видеомонтажёром выступил Александр Майса. Изначально видеоряд клипа представлял собой хронику Первой чеченской войны, снятую бойцами нижегородского СОБРа. Поскольку «Mon amour, ma vie» была записана ещё до выхода альбома «Домой!», год спустя Александр Майса добавил в клип концертные вставки, где в составе группы уже числился вокалист Александр Телехов, не принимавший участие в записи самой песни.

Несколько раз видеоклип был показан по нижегородскому каналу «Волга», анонсированный молодёжной программой «Пилот», но после считался утерянным, так как ни одного его экземпляра не сохранилось даже у участников «Элизиума». Лишь спустя шестнадцать лет у одного из друзей музыкантов случайно нашлась betacam-кассета с видеклипом, после чего он, наконец, был опубликован в Интернете 16 октября 2013 года.

Примечания

Ссылки
Интервью с Дмитрием Спириным и Дмитрием Кузнецовым на фан-сайте группы «Тараканы!».
Элизиум — «Домой!»: интересные факты на сайте «Школа рока».

Дебютные альбомы 1998 года
Альбомы группы «Элизиум»
Альбомы лейбла «Хобгоблин Records»
Альбомы «АиБ Records»

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Progress made on the Kenilworth to Leamington (K2L) cycle path
Map of the proposed K2L cycle path
A county cycling forum brought a Kenilworth councillor some long-awaited good news of progress in the proposed Kenilworth to Leamington (K2L) cycle path.
Cllr Andrew Milton, who is leading the town's plan for a cycle strategy, said he attended a Warwickshire County Council Cycling Forum, along with several county councillors and the county cycling officer. The forum is hosted by the county and cycling group Cycleways.
He said: "The big news they gave us, which was real progress, was they are preparing a bid for the autumn to get the whole funding to do all of K2L."
Cllr Rob Barry said: "I'm pleased to hear that the K2L cycle route is finally being treated as a priority and a detailed scheme is being drawn up and costed separate to any road plans. A safe and enjoyable route between our towns would be transformative."
Cycleways, (a volunteer group campaigning for better cycle provision in Kenilworth, Leamington and Warwick), submitted a petition last month with WCC to build the K2L by March 2022.
The petition asks the council to provide a time table by the end of 2019 detailing the funding and when different parts of the work will be completed.
The petition said: "The K2L route will provide an important step in the transition to a low carbon and healthy transport system for Warwickshire."
The petition has over 1,000 signatures after it was launched at the Leamington Peace Festival.
Anyone who would like to sign the council's E-petitions using the title 'Support a cycle route between Kenilworth and Leamington now.'
Leamington and Warwick and Rugby politicians welcome hospital trust's Blood Bikes decision
Cape Wrath Trail challenge for Leamington law firm director


The first edition of the Texas Almanac was issued by The Galveston News in January 1857, 21 years after Texas won its independence from Mexico and only 12 years after it became a state.
The focus of the earliest editions of the Texas Almanac was on history and the workings of the state government. These 19th century editions included many first-person accounts of the Texas Revolution and the early days of the Republic and of statehood. An edition was published each year through 1873, except for 1866, totaling 16 annual editions.
The editions for the years 1862–65 were of pamphlet size, ranging from 48 to 64 pages. Because Galveston was one of the Gulf Coast ports blockaded by the Union Navy and there was constant threat of armed conflict during the war, production of the 1862 edition was moved to Houston, and the next three editions were published in Austin.
Post–Civil War publication was resumed in Galveston in 1867. With the 1869 edition, the name was changed to The Texas Almanac and Emigrant's Guide to Texas, reflecting the state's need to attract settlers.
The 1873 edition was the last 19th century edition, as Willard Richardson died in 1875, and no one at the Galveston paper was interested in continuing the publication.
In 1885, The Galveston News spun off The Dallas Morning News as a sort of North Texas branch newspaper. George Bannerman Dealey was sent from Galveston to Dallas to establish the Dallas paper. Dealey thought that the Almanac would be a way to encourage the economic development of the state. In 1904, The Dallas Morning News resumed publication of the Texas Almanac. Just three years earlier, the Spindletop Oil Field had been discovered near Beaumont, boosting Texas into the petroleum and industrial age.
Following another hiatus, the Almanac resumed publication with editions in 1910, 1911, 1912 and 1914. Another gap in the series ensued with the outbreak of World War I. The present series was begun in 1925 by The Dallas Morning News, with annual editions through 1929, when the effects of the Great Depression caused a change to a biennial cycle. This schedule has been maintained, with only a couple of exceptions.
Beginning with the 1941–42 edition, all Texas Almanacs have carried a two-year designation. Besides the Sesquicentennial Edition of 2006–07 marking the 150th anniversary of the Almanac, there have been four other special editions: the 100th anniversary of the Almanac (1956–57); the George Bannerman Dealey memorial edition (1958–59); the 110th anniversary of the first issuance of the Texas Almanac and the 125th anniversary of the founding of A.H. Belo Corporation (1966–67); and the Texas Sesquicentennial edition (1986–87), celebrating the 150th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of Texas.
By 1950, the Texas Almanac had become a reference book on resources, industries, commerce, history, government, population, and other subjects relating to the political, civic, and economic development of Texas.
Stuart Malcolm McGregor, who had edited the Texas Almanac since 1925, retired in 1961 after publication of the 1961–62 edition, which was dedicated to him by the publishers. The editorial policies and format that he established were continued in later editions. In 1961, Walter B. Moore became editor of the publication. Fred R. Pass succeeded him in June 1973. Upon Pass's resignation in 1981, Michael T. Kingston became editor.
Kingston served as editor until his death in 1994, at which time Mary G. Ramos was named editor. Ramos had worked for the Texas Almanac since 1985, when she was named assistant and then associate editor, replacing Ruth Harris, who had worked for The Dallas Morning News for 49 years. Ramos retired as editor in 2003 and replaced by Elizabeth Cruce Alvarez, who left in 2017. Today the Almanac is edited by Rosie Hatch and Robert Plocheck.
On May 5, 2008, the Dallas Morning News, Inc. donated the Texas Almanac to the Texas State Historical Association, since 1897 regarded as one of the nation's most dynamic regional historical organizations. The gift included inventory, work-in-progress, its trademark, its URL, archives, and certain other assets.
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text:
Home / News Stories / Excavating the Past to Serve the Future
Excavating the Past to Serve the Future
Madeline Pace
Massey Award winner Steve Davis
Even after 50 years in the field as an archaeologist, Steve Davis still considers a Native American cooking jar he unearthed as a Carolina undergraduate in 1973 the most important find of his career. The artifact is now one of millions that Davis is responsible for curating as the associate director of Carolina's Research Laboratories of Archaeology.
The piece encapsulates "the focus of my life's work — a Native American cooking jar typical of the time but decorated with a musket, the European traders' weapon," said Davis. "I've been studying the first interactions between Native Americans and Europeans ever since."
Widely regarded as the preeminent archaeological expert on North Carolina's late pre-colonial and colonial native peoples, Davis is author and co-author of an extensive catalog of publications, including the book Time Before History: The archaeology of North Carolina. During his 37 years with the University, Davis has overseen the digitization of thousands of artifacts and records to improve access to the University's collection, excavated previously lost historical sites on Carolina's campus and devoted his life's research to preserving the history of Native Americans in the South.
He's also a great guy, say those who know him as mentor, instructor, boss, colleague and friend. Davis, one of his Massey Award nominators wrote, is a man of "extraordinary competence, humility and joviality" who "will talk for hours about archaeology with a grin on his face." He "has set a model for collegial, collaborative, engaged research and service," wrote another.
For all these reasons and more, Steve Davis is one of six Carolina employees to win the 2020 C. Knox Massey Distinguished Service Awards.
Carolina beginnings
Davis found his calling early. "I remember back in third grade when the teacher asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up," said Davis. "Even then, I knew I wanted to be an archaeologist."
He enrolled at UNC-Chapel Hill as an undergraduate in 1970 to pursue his childhood dream, but he was unsure about what area to specialize in. Given the opportunity to work in the field for the first time in the spring of 1972, Davis jumped at the chance and helped uncover artifacts dating back to the first encounters between Native Americans and European traders in the Piedmont region of North Carolina.
It was during that early field work that he discovered the cooking jar — an experience that helped define his lifelong research specialty: studying the impact of European colonization on native peoples in Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina from the 1600s to 1800s.
After graduating from Carolina in 1974 with a degree in anthropology, Davis went on to obtain a master's degree in archaeology from the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada, and his doctorate from the University of Tennessee. But, wanting to continue his research in the state where he found his first artifact, Davis returned to the University in 1983 as a research archaeologist in the lab he now manages.
The art of excavation
Davis describes the process of excavating a historical site the way an artist might explain how to mix new color palettes: The steps are second nature to him but a revelation to anyone outside of his field.
By applying a light spray of water to the ground, Davis can "read" the darker patches where the wooden posts of a structure once stood or the striations in the earth that signal where untouched artifacts may lay hidden. "His beautiful, detail-oriented and neat excavation style is famous," wrote one of the students who nominated Davis.
But archaeology is far more that finding objects in the dirt, says Davis. It's a service to those people whose history is documented in every pottery fragment and arrowhead.
"I think archaeology is a discipline that is at its best when it's giving a voice to those who generally are underrepresented," he said.
Davis cites as one example the Catawba people asking his research team to locate and excavate ancient burials that were in the path of a highway expansion near Charlotte. He helped the Catawba relocate the graves to a safer location, all in service to the people whose ancestors he studies.
Uncovering Carolina history
For the University's bicentennial celebration in 1993, faculty and staff were tasked with finding creative ways that their departments could celebrate Carolina's history. Davis already had an idea in mind: an excavation on the campus itself.
Davis and his colleagues launched a series of archaeological digs on campus that continued long after the bicentennial, first uncovering the Eagle Hotel that fed and lodged the first students to matriculate at Carolina, then a long brick building — affectionately called "the Poor House" — that once housed students and, most recently, the Phi Delta Theta house, one of two early fraternity houses that survived a fire in 1919 but were demolished soon after.
Davis included students enrolled in archaeology and anthropology courses in the work. He believes that allowing students to uncover the past of their forebears is one way to celebrate the history of the University.
Cataloging for the future
As the associate director of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, Davis is the curator of millions of artifacts, thousands of photographs and hundreds of thousands of records. He also supervised the decade-long process, beginning in the 1990s, of moving the collection from storage in a Durham warehouse to the current state-of-the-art facility in Hamilton Hall.
But simply caring for the physical artifacts was not enough for Davis; he has made it his mission to digitize every object in the North Carolina Archaeological Collection for the benefit of students, teachers and researchers across the state, not to mention future generations of North Carolinians. Anyone can now access 3D images of artifacts from on the Ancient North Carolinians: A Virtual Museum of North Carolina Archaeology website.
Applauding Davis' vision, one of his nominators wrote: "As archaeologists, we are always thinking about how best to care for past resources. Steve [Davis] is always thinking of future generations of students and researchers and how they will most easily and efficiently access these materials."
Humble servant
Davis reacted with surprise and characteristic humility after learning he won the Massey Award, one of the University's most prestigious distinctions for faculty and staff.
"I was dumbfounded," said Davis. "My impression was that an honor like this would go to someone with much broader reach on campus. I contribute to the University by making my little area, archaeology, the best that it can be, and hope that makes the University a little greater, too."
View more profiles of the 2020 C. Knox Massey Distinguished Service Awards, which recognize Carolina employees for unusual, meritorious or superior contributions.


text:
Jeřáb (Sorbus) je rod dřevin z čeledi růžovité (Rosaceae). Čítá v různých pojetích 100–200–350 druhů stromů a keřů rozšířených v mírném pásmu severní polokoule, nejvíce v Evropě a Asii, méně v Severní Americe a na severu Afriky. Patří ke kritickým taxonům vzhledem k apomiktickému způsobu rozmnožování mnoha druhů, přičemž samotné tyto druhy jsou často hybridního původu. Květy jsou pětičetné, oboupohlavné, plodem je malvice, nazývaná jeřabina. Patří mezi jádroviny. Některé jsou jedlé čerstvé i konzervované nebo jako součást cukrářských výrobků.

V aktuálních taxonomických systémech je rod rozdělen do vícera menších (viz níže v textu); článek však pojednává o rodu jeřáb v tradičním, širokém vymezení.

Popis

Beztrnné, převážně opadavé keře a stromy, občas vícekmenné, s rozložitou korunou. Některé druhy dosahují výšky 25 až 30 metrů, většina druhů je však výrazně nižší. Jeřáb mišpulka, který pochází ze střední Evropy, dorůstá výšky kolem 3 metrů, jeřáb zmenšený (Sorbus reducta) ze západní Číny pak pouhých 1,5 metru, díky četným výběžkům však vytváří husté porosty.

Listy jsou střídavé, jednoduché nebo lichozpeřené s 9–21 páry lístků, palisty brzy opadávají. Květy jsou pětičetné, pravidelné, oboupohlavné, s 15–25 tyčinkami a spodním či polospodním semeníkem; jejich korunní lístky jsou bílé či bělavé, kalich vytváří nálevkovitou češuli. Uspořádané jsou v květenství – obvykle chocholičnaté latě a mají charakteristický zápach díky obsahu trimetylaminu. Plody jsou bílé, žluté, růžové, oranžové nebo červené malvice různé velikosti i tvaru, nazývané jeřabiny, z nichž některé jsou jedlé i pro člověka.

Rozšíření a ekologie
Jeřáby mají široký přirozený areál s těžištěm v mírném pásmu severní polokoule. Vyskytují se především v Asii, Evropě a na severu Severní Ameriky. Několik druhů se vyskytuje v severní Africe a na Madeiře, jiné zasahují též na Island a pobřeží Grónska. 67 druhů se vyskytuje v Číně, z toho 43 pouze tam. Pro většinu druhů tohoto rodu je typická jejich přizpůsobivost extrémním lokalitám. Stromy a keře tohoto rodu se vyskytují například na obnažených skalních stěnách, kde zakořeňují ve štěrbinách s malým množstvím půdy. Nároky na půdu jsou nízké a jsou schopny prospívat v půdách chudých na živiny a kyselých půdách. Na půdy bohaté na živiny a humus většina druhů reaguje zvýšeným růstem, mezi vápnostřezné druhy patří Sorbus cracilis či Sorbus poteriifolia, u nichž se na vápnitých půdách objevuje chloróza. Při delším období sucha mnohé druhy opadávají. V horách se jeřáby pravidelně vyskytují až po stromovou hranici, rostou i v kosodřevině či v lesotundře daleko za polárním kruhem.

Čisté jeřábové porosty jsou vzácné. Jsou to obvykle světlomilné pionýrské rostliny, kterým se nejlépe daří na okrajích lesů a na mýtinách, kde je menší konkurence ostatních dřevin. Protože semena jeřábů jsou pravidelně roznášena ptáky, nachází se v lesním podrostu velké množství semenáčků jeřábů. Pokud konkurenční stromy padnou za oběť požáru nebo vichřici, jeřáby vzniklé mezery rychle zaplní. Vzrůstnější druhy rostou i jako příměs světlých lesů, například teplomilných doubrav a dubohabřin.

Květy jeřábů jsou navštěvovány včelami a jiným opylujícím hmyzem, kterému nabízejí velké množství pylu a menší množství nektaru. Plody jsou vyhledávanou potravou ptáků, hlavně drozdovitých (kosi, cvrčaly, kvíčaly), špačkovitých, ale též červenek nebo brkoslavů.

Systematika

Rod patří ke kritickým taxonům. Mezi druhy existuje velké množství kříženců, často i napříč vnitrorodovými taxonomickými skupinami. Výsledkem těchto hybridizačních procesů jsou ve většině případů polyploidní druhy (nejčastěji tetraploidi, méně často triplodi) s pouze maloplošným areálem, které se dále rozmnožují apomikticky – nepohlavní tvorbou semen. Potomci vyrostlí z těchto semen jsou geneticky identičtí s mateřským exemplářem rostliny. Jen menší počet druhů je diploidních, které se rozmnožují pohlavně a mohou se též dál křížit. Mnoho jich bylo popsáno hlavně v západní Evropě a Číně. Některé druhy je obtížné přesně systematicky zařadit.

Struktura rodu
Rod jeřáb se člení na několik podrodů, v aktuálním pojetí povýšených na samostatné rody.
 Sorbus – 103 druhů, zpeřené listy, rozšířený v chladnějších oblastech Eurasie a Severní Ameriky; např. jeřáb ptačí (Sorbus aucuparia), jeřáb americký (Sorbus americana), jeřáb kašmírský (Sorbus cashmiriana), jeřáb ozdobný (Sorbus decora), jeřáb hupejský (Sorbus hupehensis), jeřáb zmenšený (Sorbus reducta), jeřáb západní (Sorbus occidentalis), jeřáb sitka (Sorbus sitchensis)
 Aria – 57 druhů; jednoduché listy, vespod často bíle plstnaté; rozšířený v teplých částech Evropy a Asie; např. jeřáb muk (Sorbus aria), jeřáb panonský (Sorbus pannonica), jeřáb okoličnatý (Sorbus umbellata) a řada endemických apomiktických druhů (viz níže). Taxonomicky nejobtížnější (pod)rod, nejčastěji se kříží, a to i se zástupci ostatních skupin.
 Micromeles – 11 druhů z východní Asie, např. jeřáb olšový (Sorbus alnifolia)
 Cormus – jediný druh jeřáb oskeruše (Sorbus domestica), rozšířený v severní Africe, západní Asii a teplejších částech Evropy
 Torminalis (resp. podrod Torminaria) – jediný druh jeřáb břek (Sorbus torminalis), rozšířený v teplých částech Evropy až po Kavkaz a v horách severní Afriky
 Chamaemespilus –  jediný druh jeřáb mišpulka, rozšířený v horách jižní a střední Evropy, v postglaciálu též na českém území
 Karpatiosorbus – 85 druhů, Evropa, severní Afrika; např. jeřáb Dominův (Sorbus dominii), jeřáb širolistý (Sorbus latifolia) a množství apomiktických druhů z jeho okruhu, vesměs endemitů (viz níže)
 Hedlundia – 48 druhů, Evropa, přední a centrální Asie; např. jeřáb zvrhlý (Sorbus hybrida) a apomiktické druhy z jeho okruhu (viz níže), jeřáb nejmenší (Sorbus minima)
 Scandosorbus – pouze 2 druhy v severní Evropě, např. jeřáb prostřední (Sorbus intermedia)
 Wilsonaria – pouze 2 druhy v Číně, např. jeřáb velkoplodý (Sorbus megalocarpa)
Krom zmíněných druhů existují i mezirodoví kříženci jeřábu, např. jeřáboplodec (×Sorbaronia), hruškojeřáb (×Sorbopyrus) nebo jeřáboskalník (×Sorbocotoneaster).

Jeřáby rostoucí v Česku

Z České republiky je udáváno 39 taxonů jeřábů, z nichž někteří jsou zde nepůvodní a další jsou kříženci. Na většině území je hojný jeřáb ptačí (Sorbus aucuparia), v teplých roste oblastech jeřáb břek (Sorbus torminalis), bazická skalnatá stanoviště preferuje vzácnější jeřáb muk (Sorbus aria). Pouze v subalpínském stupni a karech Krkonoš najdeme český endemit jeřáb sudetský (Sorbus sudetica). Zdomácnělým archeofytem je jeřáb oskeruše (Sorbus domestica), druhem pravděpodobně zplanělým pak jeřáb prostřední (Sorbus intermedia). Krom toho se zde vyskytuje mnoho apomiktických mikrodruhů jeřábů, rostoucích často na velmi malém území  (často i na jediné lokalitě); některé z nich patří k vzácným endemitům české květeny – takové jsou v seznamu označeny (E).

(Mikro)druhy z okruhu jeřábu muku (Sorbus aria agg.):

 jeřáb dunajský (Sorbus danubialis) – české a moravské termofytikum
 jeřáb chlumní (Sorbus collina) – pouze české termofytikum
 jeřáb kornoutolistý (Sorbus cucculifera) – Podyjí (E)
 jeřáb moravský (Sorbus moravica) – Moravský kras (E)
 jeřáb čertův (Sorbus pontis-satanae) – Suchý žleb v Moravském krasu (E)
 jeřáb podyjský (Sorbus thayensis) – Podyjí (E)
(Mikro)druhy z okruhu jeřábu zvrhlého (Sorbus hybrida agg.):
 jeřáb rakouský (Sorbus austriaca) – v ČR nepůvodní, vzácně zplaňuje
 jeřáb Mougeotův (Sorbus mougeotii) – v ČR nepůvodní, vzácně zplaňuje
 jeřáb bezdězský (Sorbus pauca) – Velký a Malý Bezděz (E)
(Mikro)druhy z okruhu jeřábu širokolistého (Sorbus latifolia agg.):
 jeřáb labský (Sorbus albensis) – České středohoří (E)
 jeřáb olšolistý (Sorbus alnifrons) – kaňon řeky Jihlavy na jihozápadní Moravě (E)
 jeřáb barrandienský (Sorbus barrandienica) – Český kras (E)
 jeřáb český (Sorbus bohemica)  – České středohoří (E)
 jeřáb krasový (Sorbus eximia) – Český kras (E)
 jeřáb džbánský (Sorbus gemella) – Džbán (E)
 jeřáb širokolistý (Sorbus latifolia) – v ČR nepůvodní
 jeřáb milský (Sorbus milensis) – pouze vrch Milá v Českém středohoří (E)
 jeřáb opominutý (Sorbus omissa) – Dolní Povltaví (E)
 jeřáb manětínský (Sorbus rhodanthera) – jediná populace na vrchu Chlum u Manětína (E)
 jeřáb soutěskový (Sorbus portae-bohemicae) – pouze soutěska Porta Bohemica (E)

Význam a využití

Plody

Jeřabiny nemají takový hospodářský význam jako jiné jádroviny. Využívány jsou zejména různé kultivary jeřábu ptačího a oskeruše, a to jak v kuchyni, tak v léčitelství. Plody obsahují kyselinu sorbovou a 0,02 až 0,30 % kyseliny parasorbinové. Po odležení se obvykle vaří na džemy, kompoty nebo želé. Používají se také k výrobě sirupů, šťáv, čaje, vín, likérů a pálenek (např. tradiční jeřabinka, oskerušovice). Lidové léčitelství používá jeřabiny při revmatismu, zácpě a krvácení a odvar z plodů jako kloktadlo při chrapotu.V minulosti se z plodů získával také sorbitol – cukerný alkohol, který se používá jako přísada cukru v diabetických přípravcích. Sušené jeřabiny a jejich plodenství mají též dekorativní využití.

Ostatní
Dřevo jeřábů je tvrdé, pevné a houževnaté a je považováno za velmi cenné. Používá se jako dýhové dřevo a v nábytkářském průmyslu, vyrábí se z něho též rukojeti nebo hudební nástroje. V minulosti se z tohoto rozměrově stálého dřeva dělala také pravítka a posuvná měřítka, dřevěné šrouby a kola. Většina druhů však není příliš vzrůstná, což brání většímu průmyslovému využití.

Některé druhy se využívají jako okrasné dřeviny, jsou však náchylné k bakteriální spále růžovitých. Pěstuje se řada kultivarů, např. 'Granátový' (Mičurinův mezirodový kříženec jeřábu ptačího a hlohu sibiřského z roku 1926, s jeřabinami granátové barvy, velikosti malých višní, příjemné sladkokyselé chuti), nebo 'Moravský sladkoplodý', což je chutná odrůda klasických sladkoplodých jeřabin, nenáročná, vhodná i do horských poloh (až 1500 m). Sladkoplodou odrůdou je též 'Titan'.

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Rod Sorbus v databázi Pladias
 BioLib.cz

Růžovité
Medonosné rostliny
Strom roku (Lesy České republiky)
Flóra Česka
Flóra Číny
Flóra Indického subkontinentu
Flóra Indočíny
Flóra jihovýchodní Asie
Flóra jihovýchodní Evropy
Flóra jihovýchodu USA
Flóra jihozápadní Asie
Flóra jihozápadní Evropy
Flóra jihozápadu USA
Flóra Kavkazu
Flóra Makaronésie
Flóra Mongolska
Flóra ruského Dálného východu
Flóra severní Evropy
Flóra severovýchodu USA
Flóra severozápadu USA
Flóra Sibiře
Flóra Střední Asie
Flóra střední Evropy
Flóra středojihu USA
Flóra středoseveru USA
Flóra subarktické Ameriky
Flóra východní Asie
Flóra východní Evropy
Flóra východní Kanady
Flóra západní Kanady


On this day in history: 2012 – we brought home our little idiot.
Here's the back story on Hoodlum: In 2011 we had to put down our beautiful Siberian Husky because his cancer had spread. He was only six. He had a great life until his last week.
Fast forward about a year: I have a friend who works with a therapy dog training group. They breed dogs and train for a variety of needs and I know dogs can wash out from those programs and my friend had adopted a couple herself (Goldies), so before I went to lunch one day, I emailed to see if there were any pups available knowing that this usually takes weeks if not months. I didn't even tell the MotH because it was so unlikely to have a result anytime soon.
He's half Border Collie and half Labrador and was washing out because of a hip, or so I was told. It didn't take long to realize that his hip is fine, it was his personality – he's too stubborn by half.
The agency was looking to have the personality of a Lab with the intelligence of a Border Collie – oops. There were four in the litter; 3 males, 1 female. Met the males – Hood was far and away the best looking of the bunch, but all the brothers washed out. Imagine that.
Either way, we went to Daytona to pick him up – how could you refuse that face? And then the fun began …..
Another take on a Guinness cake for St. Patrick's Day. Never enough Guinness in baked goods if you ask me. Never enough Guinness in me either.
Preheat the oven to 350° F. Butter and flour a 9-inch round cake pan.
Mix together the flour, sugar, cocoa powder, baking soda, and salt in a small bowl. In a large bowl, whisk together the eggs and sour cream. Then whisk in the melted butter and Guinness. Add flour mixture to egg mixture and combine with a rubber spatula. Pour into the prepared cake pan and bake for 35 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean. Allow to cool in the pan for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.
While the cake is baking, prepare the frosting. Put the softened butter and cream cheese in the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with the paddle attachment and beat on medium speed until creamy and well combined, about 2 minutes. Reduce the speed to low and add the powdered sugar, mixing until combined. Slowly pour in the pear cider and mix until the frosting comes together. Let the frosting set up a bit in the refrigerator until the cake is ready.
When the cake is cool, transfer it to a platter. Spread the frosting on top of the cake, taking care to push it all the way to the edges.
Make frosting 13 March – Chilled frosting overnight. Used a little more powdered sugar than called for.
The cake is a dream. The frosting not so much. Cider taste was not a favorite and the texture was not what I prefer. I will make the cake again though. Easy, chocolate, rich. Might make good cupcakes.


text:
package Nov2020Leetcode;

public class _1108DefangingAnIPAddress {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println(defangIPaddr("1.1.1.1"));
		System.out.println(defangIPaddr("255.100.50.0"));
	}

	public static String defangIPaddr(String address) {
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		for (int i = 0; i < address.length(); i++) {
			char c = address.charAt(i);
			if (c == '.') {
				sb = sb.append("[.]");
			} else {
				sb = sb.append(c);
			}
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}
}