text:
Q: C# MVVM RelayCommand CanExecute action does not update button enable/disable state I am new to MVVM so bare with me.
Objectives:

*

*Enable "Stop Server"-button when I click "Start Server"-button and vice versa

*Make the IsRunning-property in MainViewModel listen to changes in the _serverModel.IsRunning property

Current issue:
When I click "Start Server"-button, both buttons become disabled.

MainWindow.xaml
<Window x:Class="ServerGUI.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:uc="clr-namespace:ServerGUI.Views"
        xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:ServerGUI.ViewModels"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="150" Width="200">

    <Grid>
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="1*" />
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

        <GroupBox Grid.Column="0" Header="Server Properties">
            <Grid>
                <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                    <RowDefinition Height="30" />
                    <RowDefinition Height="30" />
                    <RowDefinition Height="30" />
                </Grid.RowDefinitions>

                <Button Grid.Row="0" Content="Start Server" Command="{Binding Path=StartServerCommand}" Margin="3 5 3 0" />
                <Button Grid.Row="1" Content="Stop Server" Command="{Binding Path=StopServerCommand}" Margin="3 5 3 0" />
                <Label Grid.Row="2" x:Name="lblServerStatus" Content="Server Status: Offline" />
            </Grid>
        </GroupBox>
    </Grid>

</Window>

MainWindow.xaml.cs
using ServerGUI.ViewModels;
using System.Windows;

namespace ServerGUI
{
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        public MainViewModel MainViewModel { get; set; }

        public MainWindow()
        {
            MainViewModel = new MainViewModel();
            DataContext = MainViewModel;
            InitializeComponent();
        }
    }
}

BaseViewModel.cs
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

namespace ServerGUI.ViewModels
{
    public abstract class BaseViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        protected bool SetProperty<T>(T field, T newValue, [CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
        {
            if (!EqualityComparer<T>.Default.Equals(field, newValue))
            {
                field = newValue;
                PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
                return true;
            }

            return false;
        }
    }
}

MainViewModel.cs
using ServerGUI.Commands;
using ServerGUI.Models;
using System.Windows.Input;

namespace ServerGUI.ViewModels
{
    public class MainViewModel : BaseViewModel
    {
        private readonly ServerModel _serverModel;

        public bool IsRunning
        {
            get => _serverModel.IsRunning;
            set => SetProperty(_serverModel.IsRunning, value);
        }

        private readonly RelayCommand _startServerCommand;
        private readonly RelayCommand _stopServerCommand;
        public ICommand StartServerCommand => _startServerCommand;
        public ICommand StopServerCommand => _stopServerCommand;

        public MainViewModel()
        {
            _serverModel = new ServerModel();
            _startServerCommand = new RelayCommand(OnStartServer, CanStartServer);
            _stopServerCommand = new RelayCommand(OnStopServer, CanStopServer);
        }

        private void OnStartServer(object command)
        {
            IsRunning = true;
            _startServerCommand.InvokeCanExecuteChanged();
        }

        private void OnStopServer(object command)
        {
            IsRunning = false;
            _stopServerCommand.InvokeCanExecuteChanged();
        }

        private bool CanStartServer(object command) => !IsRunning;
        private bool CanStopServer(object command) => IsRunning;
    }
}

ServerModel.cs
using System.ComponentModel;

namespace ServerGUI.Models
{
    public class ServerModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        private bool isRunning = default;

        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        public ServerModel()
        {
            IsRunning = false;
        }

        public bool IsRunning
        {
            get => isRunning;
            set
            {
                isRunning = value;
                RaisePropertyChanged(nameof(IsRunning));
            }
        }

        private void RaisePropertyChanged(string propertyName)
        {
            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
        }
    }
}

RelayCommand.cs
using System;
using System.Windows.Input;

namespace ServerGUI.Commands
{
    class RelayCommand : ICommand
    {
        private readonly Action<object> _executeAction;
        private readonly Func<object, bool> _canExecuteAction;

        public RelayCommand(Action<object> executeAction, Func<object, bool> canExecuteAction)
        {
            _executeAction = executeAction;
            _canExecuteAction = canExecuteAction;
        }

        public void Execute(object parameter) => _executeAction(parameter);

        public bool CanExecute(object parameter) => _canExecuteAction?.Invoke(parameter) ?? true;

        public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;

        public void InvokeCanExecuteChanged() => CanExecuteChanged?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
    }
}

A: If you put a break point at line

set => SetProperty(_serverModel.IsRunning, value);

then debug the program, you will see that when property IsRunning is set to true in OnStartServer, it does not set _serverModel.IsRunning because SetProperty does not update the field as you expected.
I would suggest you to modify SetProperty method by adding ref to field parameter as follows:
    protected bool SetProperty<T>(ref T field, T newValue, [CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
    {
        if (!EqualityComparer<T>.Default.Equals(field, newValue))
        {
            field = newValue;
            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

Then, in MainViewModel, you just need to update IsRunning based on _serverModel.IsRunning. Also, you should notify changes from both StartServerCommand and StopServerCommand
public class MainViewModel : BaseViewModel
{
    private readonly ServerModel _serverModel;

    public bool IsRunning
    {
        get => _serverModel.IsRunning;
    }

    private readonly RelayCommand _startServerCommand;
    private readonly RelayCommand _stopServerCommand;

    public ICommand StartServerCommand => _startServerCommand;
    public ICommand StopServerCommand => _stopServerCommand;

    public MainViewModel()
    {
        _serverModel = new ServerModel();
        _startServerCommand = new RelayCommand(OnStartServer, CanStartServer);
        _stopServerCommand = new RelayCommand(OnStopServer, CanStopServer);
    }

    private void OnStartServer(object command)
    {
        _serverModel.IsRunning = true;
        _startServerCommand.InvokeCanExecuteChanged();
        _stopServerCommand.InvokeCanExecuteChanged();
    }

    private void OnStopServer(object command)
    {
        _serverModel.IsRunning = false;
        _startServerCommand.InvokeCanExecuteChanged();
        _stopServerCommand.InvokeCanExecuteChanged();
    }

    private bool CanStartServer(object command) => !IsRunning;
    private bool CanStopServer(object command) => IsRunning;
}


Isaac Asimov once again tackles the mysteries of the unierse—and conquers them all in true Asimovian style—in seventeen new essays.
Here is the Good Doctor holding forth on all manner of heavenly bodies: everything from hyperasteroids and the five rings of Uranus to the staellites of the planet Mars and miniblack holes that disappear.
Then drawing on his infinite wisdom he explains the race for absolute zero; the case of the perfect gas; and the dawning of a new age in mathematics—heralded by the death of the slide rule and the birth of the pocket calculator.
Not to mention essays on the fifty million civilizations in our Galaxy that are more advanced than our own; the continent of Antarctica and how it came to be discovered; evern a rather philosophical consideration of the subtle differences that distinguish life from death.
All flights of speculation, prognostication, and enlightenment that only Asimov could conjure.
Had not Ed Seiler and Rich Hatcher obsoleted it, one of the main reasons for owning this F&SF essay collection would be its definitive—as of 1979—listing of all of the F&SF essays—as of 1979—what they're about and where they can be found. Of course, the listing only includes 238 essays, and the series officially includes 400 (with the 400th being something Janet Asimov patched together after the Good Doctor's death). Still, it was wonderful to have when the book originally came out.
Of course, this is still a worthwhile volume (what F&SF essay collection isn't?). The first two essays are dear to the heart of fans (like me) who are fond of "The Feeling of Power" and An Easy Introduction to the Slide Rule, those of us who are old enough to remember when one learned long division with the expectation that one might be called upon to actually use it in daily life.
Also outstanding are some essays at the end of the book which deal with the problem of how many civilizations there might be roaming the Galaxy, and why the heck aren't more of them hanging around here. (Asimov did not believe that UFOs consisted of extraterrestrials hanging around here.) This was a theme to be treated more thoroughly in Extraterrestrial Civilizations.
In between we have essays on the arctic and antarctic (not surprising for a man who had just written The Ends of the Earth), cold temperature physics, Phobos and Deimos— all kinds of stuff.
All in all a solid collection and one more than worth the effort to obtain or read.


Sleep problems are common in adolescents and can have a negative impact on daily functioning and quality of life; therefore recognition of sleep problems is important. The PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System) Sleep Disturbance (SD) and Sleep Related Impairment (SRI) items banks are internationally used, well-validated instruments developed for and tested in adults. This study evaluates the content validity of the self- and proxy versions of the PROMIS-SD and the PROMIS-SRI in adolescents.
Experts (n = 6), adolescents (n = 24, 12–18 years) and their parents (n = 7) commented on the relevance and comprehensibility of the item banks.
Experts considered all items relevant, only a few items were found irrelevant by adolescents and parents. The majority of items were comprehensible. The ability of parents to report on their adolescent's sleep was limited.
The PROMIS-SD and PROMIS-SRI have adequate content validity in adolescents. Considering their psychometric robustness and the possibility of Computerized Adaptive Testing, which is efficient as well as patient-friendly, these item banks could prove very useful in the evaluation of adolescent sleep. The validity of the proxy scales, however, is limited considering the difficulties reported by the parents. Further psychometric evaluation of these scales in adolescents is required.
The transition from childhood to adulthood leads to a change in sleep behavior typical for the adolescent population, such as later bedtimes, shorter sleep duration and sleeping in on weekends [1–3]. Sleep problems frequently occur in this population and can have a large impact on daily functioning [4, 5]. In a high school cohort, 21 % of adolescents self-reported a sleep problem . Chung et al. found a prevalence of 5.6 % for difficulty falling asleep, 7.2 % for waking during night and 10.4 % for waking too early. Weekend delays in bed time and rise time were 64 and 195 min, respectively . In the 2014 National Sleep Foundation Poll parents estimated a total sleep time of less than 7 h in 56 % in 15–17 year old teenagers. Sleep quality was considered lower in adolescents than in younger children. Less regularity in bed time and wake time was found in older adolescents . O'Brien et al. found that longer weekend delays and more reported sleep problems were associated with a higher level of risk taking behavior and lower academic performance . Inadequate sleep has a negative effect on overall performance in school and working memory performance [8, 10]. It also leads to more daytime sleepiness, depressive mood and sleep/wake behavior problems and has a major impact on mood, behavior and quality of life [8, 11]. The presence of a television in the bedroom, the use of technologies, a lack of consistent parental sleep rules, social demands and academic pressure have been associated with poorer sleep [2, 8, 12–15]. Sleep problems are also common in children suffering from chronic illnesses and are known to negatively influence quality of life [16–18]. Therefore recognition of sleep problems and their consequences in healthy and sick adolescents at an early stage is important.
Aspects of sleep quality, quantity and preferences can be measured objectively with electroencephalography, polysomnography and actigraphy; or subjectively through questionnaires. Objective and subjective measurements are often complimentary, as questionnaires are less reliable when it comes to assessing sleeping times and time awake during the night, but are suitable to capture perceived aspects of sleep such as fatigue, daytime sleepiness, nightmares, fear (e.g. of sleeping alone) or bedtime resistance [19, 20]. Pediatric sleep questionnaires should preferably be available in self and (parent) proxy formats, as sick children and adolescents are not always capable of responding to questionnaires. In questionnaire-based studies self-reports and proxy-reports often show different results, especially on more subjective domains [6, 21]. Still, it can be important to gather proxy assessments as this can contribute to the understanding of sleep problems.
Questionnaires with good psychometric properties are needed to reliably assess subjective quality of sleep and the consequences of inadequate sleep. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) sleep disturbance (SD) item bank and sleep related impairment (SRI) item bank have been developed through a systematic process of literature reviews, content-expert review, qualitative research, pilot testing, and psychometric testing. They have shown good validity in adults but have not yet been validated in adolescents .
Considering the robustness of the PROMIS-SD and PROMIS-SRI items banks and the increasing international implementation [23–25], establishing the usefulness of these item banks in adolescents may provide pediatric healthcare workers with a solid sleep assessment tool for this age group. Therefore, this study reports on the content validity of the PROMIS-SD and the PROMIS-SRI in adolescents. Additionally, since (parent) proxy versions can add valuable information, proxy versions of the PROMIS-SD and PROMIS-SRI were developed and the content validity was assessed.
PROMIS was developed by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) - funded consortium. This consortium aims to build item pools and develop core questionnaires that measure key health-outcome domains manifested in a variety of chronic diseases . The item banks are developed through a systematic process of literature reviews, content-expert review, qualitative research, pilot testing, and psychometric testing. The PROMIS-SD and the PROMIS-SRI were developed to evaluate sleep. The PROMIS-SD item bank consists of 27 items and assesses perceptions of sleep quality, sleep depth, and restoration associated with sleep; perceived difficulties and concerns with getting to sleep or staying asleep; and perceptions of the adequacy of and satisfaction with sleep. The PROMIS-SD does not include symptoms of specific sleep disorders, nor does it provide subjective estimates of sleep quantities (e.g., the total amount of sleep, time to fall asleep, or amount of wakefulness during sleep) . The PROMIS-SRI item bank contains 16 items and assesses perceptions of alertness, sleepiness, and tiredness during usual waking hours, and the perceived functional impairments during wakefulness associated with sleep problems or impaired alertness. The PROMIS-SRI measures the level of waking alertness, sleepiness, and function within the context of overall sleep-wake function, but does not directly assess cognitive, affective, or performance impairments . The items can be administered in a questionnaire with fixed items or, more efficiently, through Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT). With CAT the computer selects questions from an item bank, based on the answers to previous questions . Both item banks have good face validity and construct validity . The item banks were translated to Dutch-Flemish using standardized methodology and approved by the PROMIS Statistical Center. The translation included four forward translations, two back translations, independent reviews and pre-testing in 70 adults from the Netherlands and Flanders . For the parent-proxy versions of the PROMIS-SD and PROMIS-SRI, the subject in all items was changed from 'I' to 'my child'. The construct measured by the questions was not altered.
Adolescents aged 12–18 years and their parents were recruited through secondary schools and the social networks of the authors and their colleagues. The exclusion criteria were insufficient understanding of the Dutch written language and a lack of informed consent. Twenty-four adolescents participated (12–13 years n = 7; 14 years n = 2; 15 years n = 3; 16 years n = 1, 17–18 years n = 11). Fifteen participants were recruited from secondary schools and nine from the authors' social network. The cohort represents all three major Dutch secondary educational levels from different areas of the Netherlands. Nineteen parent-proxy questionnaires were distributed of which nine were returned. Seven parent-proxy reports could be used for the final analysis (37 %) since one was returned empty and one was discarded due to unclear answers.
The experts on sleep consisted of five Dutch clinicians and researchers, including one of the authors (RLI). A sixth expert on clinimetrics (author CTW) was also included in the expert-panel.
The adolescents and their parents received paper versions of the PROMIS-SD and the PROMIS-SRI. The participants were instructed to reflect on the relevance and comprehensibility of the item banks, see section on content validity. To prevent the participants filling out the questionnaire instead of evaluating it, response options were not provided.
The questionnaires were distributed to the adolescents in the classroom. One of the researchers gave the above described instructions and then stayed throughout the time the adolescents needed to evaluate the questionnaire to oversee the process and provide clarity where needed. The adolescents received a proxy version and stamped return envelope for their parents. Participants from the authors' social network received the questionnaires by mail together with an instruction letter. The experts were contacted by email.
The study was approved of by the medical ethical review board of our institution.
Requirements for good content validity were adopted from the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. The COSMIN checklist was developed to evaluate the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties [28, 29]. The following criteria were evaluated: 1) All items should refer to relevant aspects of the construct to be measured; 2) All items should be relevant for the study population; 3) All items should be relevant for the purpose of the measurement instrument; 4) All items together should comprehensively reflect the construct to be measured.
To assess whether the PROMIS-SD and the PROMIS-SRI met these criteria, the adolescents, their parents and the experts were invited to comment on the relevance of the items for measuring subjective quality of sleep and consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents. Comprehensibility was determined by asking the adolescents for each item whether they were clear and unambiguous. Finally, the parents were asked to indicate for each item whether they had enough insight into their adolescent's sleep to adequately respond.
The participants' input on the relevance and comprehensibility of the PROMIS-SD and the PROMIS-SRI was evaluated as follows.
Relevance of the items: All items marked as irrelevant for adolescent sleep by the experts were considered, since the sleep experts are best able to oversee the field of sleep issues in this population. For the responses from the adolescents and their parents, only items marked as irrelevant by at least 30 % of adolescents or their parents were selected. This threshold was chosen to prevent personal sleep issues from having too large an impact on the perceived relevance of items.
In order to maximize the comprehensibility of the questionnaires to the adolescents, a threshold of 90 % was employed; items were considered to be comprehensible if indicated as such by over 90 % of adolescents. To determine whether parents had enough insight into their child's sleep to adequately answer each item, a threshold of 30 % was employed in order to prevent personal circumstances from having too large an impact on the results. Items were considered too difficult for parents to answer on behalf of the adolescents, if indicated so by over 30 % of the parents.
According to the experts, none of the items of the PROMIS questionnaires were irrelevant. Seven items from the PROMIS-SD were considered irrelevant by over 30 % of adolescents. Two items from the proxy-version of the PROMIS-SD and one from the PROMIS-SRI were considered irrelevant by over 30 % the parents. See Table 1.
Four items from the PROMIS-SD scale were marked by over 90 % of the adolescents as being too difficult: "My sleep quality was…"; "I got enough sleep"; "My sleep was refreshing" and "I had trouble staying asleep". None of the items from the PROMIS-SRI were considered too hard to understand.
Parents often indicated insufficient insight into their adolescent's quality of sleep and consequences of inadequate sleep to adequately answer the questions, see Table 2. Only two of the 27 (7 %) PROMIS-SD items could be answered by all parents and 24 items (89 %) reached the threshold of 30 % of parents not being able to answer. Parents reported fewer difficulties with the PROMIS-SRI items.
Adolescents are mentally and physically transitioning from child to adult. This makes adolescents a very distinct population, also with regards to sleep behavior. Sleep problems frequently occur in this population and are known to have an extensive impact on daily functioning [8–11, 18]. Therefore, early recognition is important. The PROMIS-SD and PROMIS-SRI item banks are well validated and internationally used instruments. They were developed for and tested in adults [22–25] but could, considering their robustness, be very useful in adolescents as well. This study reports on the content validity of the PROMIS-SD and the PROMIS-SRI in adolescents.
For the relevance of the items to measure the construct of interest, the opinion of the experts was considered most important. They judged all items on the PROMIS-SD and the PROMIS-SRI to be relevant for adolescent quality of sleep and consequences of inadequate sleep. Adolescents reported seven PROMIS-SD items to be irrelevant of which two were also considered difficult. This may have influenced their assessment of relevance. No items on the PROMIS-SRI were irrelevant according to the adolescents. Parent-proxies found only few PROMIS-SD and PROMIS-SRI items irrelevant. Considering the experts' opinion, the low number of parent-proxy respondents and the international purpose, construct and validation of the PROMIS scales, no alterations to the PROMIS-SD and PROMIS-SRI were made at this stage. The adolescents reported little difficulties with the comprehensibility of the items. Four PROMIS-SD items were regarded as too difficult. Since we did not provide the respondents with the answers options, the item 'My sleep quality was…' may have seemed an open-ended question and therefore difficult to understand. The question 'I got enough sleep' is very subjective and may therefore have been found less comprehensible. To preserve the construct of the PROMIS questionnaire the items were not removed. For the remaining two questions ('My sleep was refreshing' and 'I had trouble staying asleep') the Dutch translation may have been too complicated for adolescents. Alternatives items ('My sleep gave me new energy' and 'I had trouble staying asleep at night', respectively) were formulated and will be compared to the original items in a subsequent validation study.
Parents were asked to indicate whether they had enough knowledge on their child's sleep to adequately respond to the items. Most problems were reported on the PROMIS-SD items compared to the PROMIS-SRI. This could be related to the more subjective nature of the items regarding sleep disturbances [6, 21], although the results could also have been influenced by the small number of parent-proxies.
The limitations of this study include a limited number of participants, especially a small group of parent-respondents. Adolescents with known sleep problems, visiting for example a sleep clinic, were not represented in the study group. However, small sample sizes are often considered sufficient in content validity studies [30, 31]. Also, the sample does represent a group of adolescents of different ages and education levels from different parts of the Netherlands that can be considered representative for a general adolescent population. A threshold of 30 % determined the difficulties parents experienced to report on their adolescent's sleep. This threshold was, however, chosen by the authors as guidelines do not exist. Response options were not given to prevent the participants from filling out the questionnaire instead of evaluating it. This may, however, have impaired the comprehension of some of the items. Finally, it is important to note that the PROMIS item banks were not designed to assess specific characteristics of adolescent sleep, such as sleep time irregularities, screen time and social/academic pressures. A separate instrument would be needed to capture these aspects.
The PROMIS-SD and PROMIS-SRI have adequate content validity in adolescents. Considering their psychometric robustness and the possibility of CAT administration, these item banks could prove very useful in the evaluation of adolescent sleep. The validity of the proxy scales is limited considering the difficulties reported by the parents. Further psychometric evaluation of these scales in adolescents is required.
JKO was in charge of the design of the study, carried out the data collection and analyses, and drafted the manuscript. CTW, GKA and RLI were involved in the design of the study, supervised the data-collection process and analyses, participated in interpreting the results and in writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Caroline B. Terwee is coordinator of the Dutch-Flemish PROMIS group (http://www.dutchflemishpromis.nl/). She previously received a grant for work on the translation of the PROMIS item banks. The other author's declare that they have no competing interests.
National sleep foundation. Sleep in America Poll 2014: Sleep in the modern family. http://sleepfoundation.org/sleep-polls-data/sleep-in-america-poll/2014-sleep-in-the-modern-family/. Accessed 1 nov. 2014.
PROMIS, National Institutes of Health. Domain Frameworks. http://www.nihpromis.org/measures/domainframework1#sd. Accessed 30 aug. 2015.


Our guest post this week comes from Andrea Hudy and Dani Niemann at The University of Kansas. Hudy joined the Jayhawks in 2004, after a 9 year tenure at The University of Connecticut. In her time with the Jayhawks, 25 of her athletes have gone on to the NBA. Kansas was the first collegiate program to use the Sparta Software and have been integral in the development of the system.
Would you rather have an athlete score twenty-five points in one game, four in the next, and zero in the game after that? Or would you rather have a player who consistently scores fifteen points each time he steps on the court? The scenario is the same regarding other performance statistics such as rebounds, steals, etc. I know I would much rather have a player be predictable and consistent; one who takes out the guess work out of the competitive game.
With the results we obtain from the Sparta Science software, we have empirically seen that the most consistent force producers are the most consistent game performers. In other words, the athletes who we count on the most for game results are those who are most persistent with their effort on the court and in the weight room.
As a coach, it is also important to promote consistent healthy behaviors and habits such as nutrition, sleep, time management, and stress management. These behaviors can effect consistent force production on the court as well.
Consistent force production derives a great deal from an athlete's effort and attention to detail. Every movement in the performance facility has a specific purpose and should be performed with deliberate intent. There are days when neither load nor velocity are factored; we focus on the movement.
Other things that effect consistent force production are recovery and the management of fatigue buildup. The amount of physical and mental stress athletes often face effect their force production and play. In season, we are offsetting basketball reps that occur on the court with long, slow, healthy contractions in the performance facility. Basketball players are constantly breaking and creating extreme amounts of stiffness. It is important that they create elasticity through mobility, flexibility, and a full range of motion to elongate force through the ground. Alongside movement repetitions, everyday we educate the athletes on the proper nutrition and sleep it takes to fully recover. We work together with our nutritionist to give them all of the resources they need to live a healthy lifestyle.
The above components drive constant force production in athletes, resulting in consistent performance. Throughout the season stats are taken on every player, some include: minutes played, rebounds, steals, etc. There is a direct correlation between the players with consistent force production and consistent performance. We have created a culture in which consistency is important. This culture is the driving force behind our behaviors, habits, and results. In the end, it is about the results.
Our culture's focus is not just about weightlifting but rather the components it takes to create, maintain, and repair athletes to their best performing states. We choose to measure the quality of movement and emphasize proper sequencing and mobility versus measuring the quantity of a load. We no longer use GPS or heart rate monitors to regulate athlete's effort or output. Instead we develop consistent force producers through a variety of modalities centered on quality not quantity of movement. With the help of Sparta Science we have made changed the focus of training to create a healthy and efficient athlete.
With regards to the basketball performance, these behaviors stem from deliberate efforts to create, maintain, and elevate proper sequencing with consistent force production. Mobility and stability exercises are incorporated into the program in order to avoid heavily skewed performance force production repetitions (specifically strength) during the season.
Changes in force production can be caused by fatigue, muscle soreness, injury, stress, etc. With time, these changes can alter an athlete's habits, in turn skewing the results. Our results significantly drive our culture, bringing us full circle: culture drives behaviors, behaviors drive habits, habits drive results, and results drive culture.


Grobots and pH & PPM Perfect hydroponics nutrients, presents Hydroponics Secrets with Erik Biksa discussing using Grobots, automated grow room monitors and controllers with Advanced Nutrients pH & PPM Perfect hydroponics nutrients.
By definition, hydroponics means water labor from the Greek words for water (hydro) and labor (ponos). By practice, hydroponics means the cultivation of plants in a nutrient-enriched water medium, thus, doing away with the necessity for finding tracts of land or pots of soil to grow plants.
To learn more about hydroponics, join the hydroponics revolution on the web!


text:
AKA: マドラックス, Madorakkusu
Genre: Supernatural and Political Thriller, Girls-With-Guns Action
Distributor: R1 DVD from ADV Films
Content Rating: 16+ (Violence, Nudity)
Related Series: Noir and El Cazador De la Bruja are sometimes treated as forming a loose trilogy along with these series, although the three don't appear to be set in the same universe.
Also Recommended: Kiddy Grade, Najica Blitz Tactics, Noir
Notes: Although this review predates Nicoletta's, hers supplants this as the "1st OP", since it's the first complete review we have.
Civil war has wracked the tropical nation of Gazth-Sonika. Into the fray comes the mercenary assassin Madlax, a beautiful blonde woman who is apparently heavily trained in firearms, but may be seen in combat wearing impractical field equipment, like evening gowns, while decimating entire units of professional soldiers.
Elsewhere, amnesiac Margaret Burton ponders her role in life, and she is eventually to cross paths with Madlax as well.
A femme fatale and an enigmatic high-schooler ... where have we seen this before?
Mashimo Kouichi and Bee Train should know better.
Writing a review for a show like Madlax is doubly frustrating, because I feel like I've already written this review, even before the computer crash that ate the first draft.
The big difference is that unlike Noir, Madlax fails to capitalize on its biggest assets, instead delivering a lackluster drama that is sluggishly paced and schizophrenic. Even after one episode, I cared about the what and why of Mireille and Kirika, but after the first DVD of this show, I can't say the same for Madlax and Margaret.
The biggest problem lies in the characterization. Madlax is, for lack of a more diplomatic term, ditzy. She never seems to have more complex brain patterns than "kill soldier A", "I love my rifle", or "pasta sounds good tonight". Granted, neither Kobayashi Sanae nor Nancy Novotny comes up with anything memorable; frankly, I can't take Madlax remotely seriously as a professional mercenary-for-hire.
I think the problem is that Nancy Novotny in particular sounds just plain awkward calling herself Madlax. I would, too, if I had a name like a suppository.
Margaret's problem is that she makes Kirika look articulate and downright gabby - the creators make her as obtuse as possible, which does no favors for either horribly typecast Kuwashima Houko (vainly channeling her previous role as Yuumura Kirika) or usually energetic (and frankly misused) Luci Christian.
Usually, a show like this is saved by its dramatic themes and its action sequences. Noir was. Madlax ... is not. The "drama" is so convoluted as to be downright boring -- the story just doesn't seem to pick up because it's laden with too many disparate threads all at once. The "action" is so over-the-top as to cross the line between cool and stupid; one scene has us believe that Madlax hugging her semi-auto and firing a burst from it (without aiming, mind you) signifies the off-screen demolition of a fully loaded attack helicopter.
Calling Duke Togo, calling Duke Togo, someone stole your marksmanship!
Honestly, the truly disappointing thing about this show is that it's mediocre material from a team with a successful track record. Kajiura Yuki delivers an oddly average soundtrack, and Mashimo Kouichi's directing simply goes down the tubes here. It's like the Bee Train team were told to redo Noir without any understanding of why Noir worked.
Maybe future episodes will prove me wrong, but for now, Madlax is frustratingly mediocre and extremely difficult to find the motivation to continue.
If Noir was black, then Madlax is most certainly brown.
A disappointing series that doesn't live up to its predecessors. Patient viewers and hardcore military nuts may find this worth a go ... or they may be turned off by the pacing and believability issues. — Carlos Ross
Recommended Audience: Carlos: The violence is too graphic for youngsters, so a safe bet would be teens and up.
Nicoletta: Though there's a great deal of gun violence in this series, almost none of it is especially graphic: the people normally just sort of get shot and fall, which is weird in its own way. And while Madlax isn't especially heavy in fanservice, several scenes show Madlax herself partially nude.
Version(s) Viewed: R1 DVD
Madlax © 2004 Bee Train / Victor Entertainment

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
//
//  W A R N I N G
//  -------------
//
// This file is not part of the Qt API.  It exists purely as an
// implementation detail.  This header file may change from version to
// version without notice, or even be removed.
//
// We mean it.

#ifndef Patternist_ComparingAggregator_H
#define Patternist_ComparingAggregator_H

/**
 * @file qcomparingaggregator_p.h
 * @short Contains the implementations for the functions <tt>fn:max()</tt>, MaxFN,
 * and <tt>fn:min()</tt>, MinFN, and the class ComparingAggregator.
 */

#include "qabstractfloat_p.h"
#include "qdecimal_p.h"
#include "qcastingplatform_p.h"
#include "qcomparisonplatform_p.h"
#include "qliteral_p.h"
#include "qaggregator_p.h"
#include "quntypedatomicconverter_p.h"
#include "qpatternistlocale_p.h"

QT_BEGIN_HEADER

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE

namespace QPatternist
{
    /**
     * @short Base class for the implementations of the <tt>fn:min()</tt> and <tt>fn:max()</tt> function.
     *
     * What function that more specifically is
     * followed, depends on how the constructor is called.
     *
     * @see MaxFN
     * @see MinFN
     * @ingroup Patternist_functions
     * @author Frans Englich <frans.englich@nokia.com>
     */
    template <AtomicComparator::Operator oper, AtomicComparator::ComparisonResult result>
    class ComparingAggregator : public Aggregator,
                                public ComparisonPlatform<ComparingAggregator<oper, result>,
                                                          true, AtomicComparator::AsValueComparison,
                                                          ReportContext::FORG0006>,
                                public CastingPlatform<ComparingAggregator<oper, result>, true>
    {
    public:
        virtual Item evaluateSingleton(const DynamicContext::Ptr &context) const;
        virtual Expression::Ptr typeCheck(const StaticContext::Ptr &context,
                                          const SequenceType::Ptr &reqType);

        inline AtomicComparator::Operator operatorID() const
        {
            return oper;
        }

        inline ItemType::Ptr targetType() const
        {
            return BuiltinTypes::xsDouble;
        }

    private:
        inline Item applyNumericPromotion(const Item &old,
                                               const Item &nev,
                                               const Item &newVal) const;

        using ComparisonPlatform<ComparingAggregator<oper, result>,
                                 true,
                                 AtomicComparator::AsValueComparison,
                                 ReportContext::FORG0006>::comparator;
        using ComparisonPlatform<ComparingAggregator<oper, result>,
                                 true,
                                 AtomicComparator::AsValueComparison,
                                 ReportContext::FORG0006>::fetchComparator;
        using CastingPlatform<ComparingAggregator<oper, result>, true>::cast;
    };

#include "qcomparingaggregator.cpp"

    /**
     * @short An instantiation of ComparingAggregator suitable for <tt>fn:max()</tt>.
     *
     * @ingroup Patternist_functions
     */
    typedef ComparingAggregator<AtomicComparator::OperatorGreaterThan, AtomicComparator::GreaterThan> MaxFN;

    /**
     * @short An instantiation of ComparingAggregator suitable for <tt>fn:max()</tt>.
     *
     * @ingroup Patternist_functions
     */
    typedef ComparingAggregator<AtomicComparator::OperatorLessThan, AtomicComparator::LessThan> MinFN;
}

QT_END_NAMESPACE

QT_END_HEADER

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Can I login to RabbitMQ with vhost user I set 2 user in rabbitmq superuser and user1
And I visit http://127.0.0.1:15672/  , superuser can login
but user1 login failed
Is it normal?? Can user1 login or only administrator can login  ??

A: superuser can login because is an administrator but he can't add/remove exchanges/queues etc because does not have access to any virtual-host.
user1 can't access because does not have any tag. You can define an user and the add the permissions/rights.

Can user1 login or only administrator can login ??

No, there are different kind of users, I report the help:
Comma-separated list of tags to apply to the user. Currently supported by the management plugin:

management
    User can access the management plugin
policymaker
    User can access the management plugin and manage policies and parameters for the vhosts they have access to.
monitoring
    User can access the management plugin and see all connections and channels as well as node-related information.
administrator
    User can do everything monitoring can do, manage users, vhosts and permissions, close other user's connections, and manage policies and parameters for all vhosts.

Note that you can set any tag here; the links for the above four tags are just for convenience.

hope it helps

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Kimpton Hotel Palomar South Beach Set to Open in Late 2019
Kimpton Hotel Palomar South Beach is set to welcome its first guests in late 2019. The chic property will be located in the heart of South Beach, a popular international and local destination in Miami Beach.
The property will be the boutique hotel company's fifth in the Sunshine State, complementing its existing hotels in Miami Beach, Downtown Miami and Vero Beach. Altamarea Group, the renowned New York restaurant Hospitality Group, will run the hotel's food and beverage program, and bring its highly popular Osteria Morini brand from Soho to the Kimpton Palomar.
"We're thrilled to be opening our doors in South Beach this fall, and excited to partner with the Altamarea Group," said Fernando Rivera, the property's newly appointed General Manager. "At the Palomar, guests will not only be surrounded by world-class restaurants, shopping and other great amenities, but they will also enjoy state-of-the-art design, technology, luxury and the unparalleled service that embodies the Kimpton ethos."
Located at the gateway of the locally loved Sunset Harbour neighborhood, Kimpton Hotel Palomar South Beach is a sophisticated retreat just steps away from the city's newest and most exciting restaurants, shops, wellness experiences and nightlife. Those who wish to book their stay at Hotel Palomar are now able to do so at hotelpalomar-southbeach.com for dates of stay beginning April 1, 2020. As the property approaches its opening day, earlier dates of stay will be made available.
Featuring striking design by legendary Miami architect and designer Kobi Karp, Kimpton Hotel Palomar South Beach is set to become an iconic addition to the South Beach scene. Karp's design takes its cues from the waterfront. The hotel spans five stories with 96 rooms surrounding a spacious central atrium. Meant to resemble the hull of a private luxury yacht lilted on its side, the lobby excites the senses with its custom-built light installations and is peppered with art displays, including light panels, abstracted shapes, and large format fabrics meant to resemble the ripples of the Atlantic Ocean. Guest rooms feature private balconies available for nearly every guest and design that is inspired by the oceanic environs.
Up top on the sixth floor, guests can take in the views of the beautiful bay from the private rooftop pool and two-tier roof deck with stylish décor and lounge area seating, all while enjoying bites from the Osteria Morini team and imbibing in a craft cocktail.
Service at Hotel Palomar is designed to evoke a sense of calm and elegance. Guests will enjoy mini-bar offerings from the shops located in Sunset Harbour, turn-down services paired with local bites, in-room yoga mats, a 24-hour onsite fitness center and a daily wine hour. Additionally, Hotel Palomar makes it easy to explore South Beach, thanks to its fleet of complimentary PUBLIC bikes.
Osteria Morini, from Chef Michael White, will debut shortly following the opening of the hotel. Right off the lobby of the hotel, the restaurant will feature rustic Northern Italian fare in a light and breezy space, drawing inspiration from the area in which it is located off the canal, with both indoor and outdoor seating. It will be open all day, serving breakfast, lunch and dinner.
"In addition to what the Altamarea Group will bring in terms of an elevated culinary experience, we are excited to assemble a stellar on-property team for this project," said Ronny Finvarb, Principal of Finvarb Group, the property's developer and owner. "We're confident that through Kimpton's collaboration with the Osteria Morini team and our collective expertise in the South Florida market, we'll be able to create an amazing experience for our hotel guests and Miami locals alike."
Latest Hotel News
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A Hyatt affiliate has entered into a management agreement with a Mori Building affiliate for Hotel Toranomon Hills, which will be located at the…
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5 Casino Hotels to Stay in 2023
Marriott Opens Dortmund's First Dual Brand Hotel
Hilton's New Brand: Spark by Hilton


How do I mark an item as purchased if I purchased it in store and not online?
Visit your loved one's registry and find the item you purchased in store. Click 'mark as purchased' and simply enter your personal details. If their registry isn't public, contact our Customer Care team for assistance.
Everything on the registry list is sold out and I don't know what to buy. Help!
Contact our Customer Care team by phone, email, or chat and they will help you find the perfect gift for baby.
What is the difference between the yellow keepsake box and your standard gift box?
Our yellow keepsake box is a gift in itself…Beautiful to give and get, it's crafted to last and hold your sweet memories inside.
Can I get the yellow gift box at the store?
How do I create a Registry with Hanna?
Visit our registry page here and sign in with your Hanna account or sign up to create a registry!
Will my personal information be public or just visible to my loved ones?
You'll have the option to make your registry public and searchable or keep it hidden, so only those with your special URL can see.
Can I have multiple addresses on my registry?
No, sorry, just one shipping address.
Will you let me know if items on my registry are sold out or no longer available?
Yes! Your registry will stay updated to show the status of each item, but you won't receive an email.
How can I permanently delete my registry?
On your registry settings, select 'delete my registry' at the bottom of the page.
Your registry is updated daily.
What happens if I receive multiples or duplicates of the same item?
Contact our Customer Care team, and they will help you return or exchange your gift.
Can I return gifts purchased from my registry?
Yes! Take a look at our return policy for more details.
Why can't I find my loved one's registry online?
They may have opted to keep it hidden! Ask them for a direct link, or contact our Customer Care team for more help.
Can I choose a gift that isn't on my loved one's registry?
Yes, but you'd need to know their address in order to ship it to them.
Where will my purchased gift be shipped?
Your gift will be shipped to the address chosen by the person registered.
Do the gifts I've purchased include a card?
Yes! Just make sure to select this is a gift and type a personalized message during checkout.
Contact Customer Service Monday - Sunday, 6am - 8pm PT 1.800.222.0544, babyregistry@hannaAndersson.com or visit one of our retail stores.


technical support would be the only people.
In any case, no one has engaged directly with me at all.
dynamic code since the messages appear to be blank.
If so, drop me a private note please?
Your providing  an avenue for me would be deeply appreciated.
>> >  I am not a member of twitter...although I read your answers there.
>> >  does not hold water.
>> >  I did not notice Ms O'Connor taking part in that thread either.
>> > > >  Did you hear anything from PayPal regarding this Karen?
>> > >  about it, would be good to know if that's the case.
>> > > >  representatives and supervisors.
>> > > >  responsible for access.
>> > > >  issue is actually addressed.
>> > > >  been happening in stages for a couple of years now at least.
>> > > >  presenting here?
>> > > > >  ensures your concern is addressed in best possible way.
>> > > > >  BCC: some colleagues from PayPal.
>> > > > >  Sent on my phone. Excuse typos, if any.
>> > > > > >  services are usable by people of all abilities?
>> > > > > >  questions of her via social media.
>> > > > > > >  Twitter?
>> > > > > > > >  I have a name, a linked-in profile, even a job description.
>> > > > > > > >  meeting with an accessibility issue.
>> > > > > > > >  packages like Ubuntu.
>> > > > > > > >  I will place her information below.
>> > > > > > > >  abilities.
>> > > > > > > >  computers differently in our accessibility showcase.
>> > > > > > > >  can be used by as many people as possible.
>> > > > > > > >  Anyone know if she is a real person?
Previous message: Maraikayar Prem Nawaz: "Re: Cathy O'Connor of paypal?"


text:
Saga of 'the Hobbit' highlights a science in crisis
February 10, 2013 2.10pm EST
Darren Curnoe, UNSW
Darren Curnoe
Human evolution specialist, UNSW
Darren Curnoe receives funding from the Australian Research Council.
UNSW Australia provides funding as a member of The Conversation AU.
The discovery of the skeleton of the Homo floresiensis has sparked significant debate among evolutionary scientists. Ryan Somma
To state the obvious: human evolution is not without its drama – and the latest salvo in the ongoing Hobbit, or Homo floresiensis, battle confirms this yet again.
The 2004 announcement of Homo floresiensis – dubbed "the Hobbit" – marked the beginning of a saga all too frequent in the rarefied field of human evolution.
Immediately upon its announcement, anthropologists divided along long-entrenched party lines to support or oppose the find as something novel to science.
Is it a highly unusual new species? Or just a diseased modern human?
Last year saw articles clashing over whether the Liang Bua Cave specimens were simply modern human cretins: neither side gave any ground.
The latest cannonade from the "pro" camp marks the beginning of the 2013 battle: the highly unusual anatomy of the wrist bones of a second Hobbit individual.
The findings themselves are important, but the debate about Homo floresiensis is also fundamental because of what it tells us about the science of human evolution – a discipline in deep conceptual crisis.
A peculiar science
The science of human evolution – known as palaeoanthropology, the study of ancient humans – is a rather odd field. It combines a mix of elements seldom seen in other disciplines.
Bones belonging to the "Hobbit' as discovered in Indonesia. AAP/Supplied
The subject – human fossils – are exceedingly rare and difficult to find, and specimens are often incomplete or damaged. Sample sizes are usually very small, often too small to do any meaningful statistics.
And, a single find can offer a major challenge, effectively sweeping away long-entrenched ideas.
The field has a disproportionately high public and media profile: just type "human evolution" into Google and it brings up 131 million results.
It attracts researchers from diverse fields such as anthropology, archaeology, anatomy, genetics and geology, among others, with sometimes very different standards about what constitutes scientific evidence.
There are more opinions about various aspects of human evolution then there are fossils to test them on.
My last tally of the number of theories published to explain the evolution of our bipedalism (two-footed locomotion) was close to 200. None of them can be "proven", and most are untestable.
So, behind every debate – like that over Homo floresiensis – lays a complex set of individual biases and preconceptions about what counts as valid science, whether the discovery challenges an individual's body of scholarship, as well as personal convictions and career ambitions.
The next big discovery may also bring for it's discoverer media/internet fame and public notoriety, peer recognition, easier access to scarce research funding, and maybe that long sought after promotion.
Bringing the whole Hobbit scenario crashing down might also bring the desired career results.
Taung child and other premature discoveries
The story of Homo floresiensis also parallels in many respects other important finds such as the famous Taung Child.
Like Taung, it too is an example of a precocious discovery.
While living in South Africa in 1924, Australian Raymond Dart was presented by a student with the fossil skull of what he first thought was a monkey from a lime quarry at Taungs (now Taung) near the famous diamond city of Kimberley.
Taun child Facial forensic reconstruction. University of Padua/WIkimedia Commons
As he carefully chipped away its rock encasing with a knitting needle and hammer he actually found evidence that the fossil was "intermediate between living apes and man" noting its many anatomical features that largely "betray a delicate and humanoid character"; conclusions he laid out in a paper published in Nature in 1925.
It can't be stated strongly enough just how bold Dart's claims were at the time and this led to many decades out in the cold before his discovery of Australopithecus africanus – the southern ape of Africa – was accepted by the mainstream of anthropology.
The Taung Child had a small ape-sized brain in contradiction to prevailing views about the pre-eminence of brain size in our evolution. This is one of the key reasons that Dart refrained from placing the specimen directly in the human evolutionary tree.
The Hobbit's brain is unexpectedly small for a creature living 17,000 years ago.
There were other problems as well for Dart's discovery. The child was thought to have died at about six years of age, and many scientists felt that its human-like features were simply an expression of its immaturity.
Some scientists think the Hobbit's unusual (especially australopithecine-like) features are the result of disease.
The suggested geological age of the Taung Child was also apparently too young – although all such judgments at the time were poor speculations founded in little or no evidence.
Again, Homo floresiensis is amazingly young (74-17,000 years old) given its very primitive anatomy.
The location of the fossil quarry (then called Taungs) on the edge of the Kalahari desert also required some explaining. Africa was seen as a backwater: human evolution had occurred in Europe and Asia, or so it was believed at the time.
Since the 1960s, Asia has been regarded as a backwater in human evolution, with most of the action occurring in Africa and Europe. So, the Hobbit seems out of place.
We now know of course that despite the remarkably courageous nature of Dart's claims, history has shown him to be right.
It's clear that Dart's discovery was, as pointed out by his protégé Phillip Tobias, an example of a premature discovery in science. Why? Simply because as Tobias put it, Dart's interpretation of the Taung child "…could not be connected by simple, logical steps to the paradigm prevailing in 1925".
Homo floresiensis, it would seem, is yet another example of a premature scientific discovery.
Old ideas
There's an even more troubling aspect of the field that underpins debates surrounding the Hobbit. One that passes largely unseen to the outsider.
Discovering the Hobbit.
Many anthropologists cling to out-dated ideas about evolution, including models developed in the 1930s and 1940s by the pioneers of the so-called "Modern Synthesis" like Theodosius Dobzansky, George Gaylard Simpson and Ernst Mayr.
These mid-20th century giants of biology are still touted as the final authorities on evolution by many palaeoanthropologists.
While there's no doubt their contribution to the history of evolutionary biology was critical, many of their ideas have been challenged or found wanting over the last fifty years or more.
These anthropologists also attack anyone who tries to bring the discipline's foundation in-line with 21st century biology as "anti-evolutionary", all the while clinging to disproved or at least seriously out-dated ideas.
Dobzhansky's famous quote – "nothing makes sense in biology except in the light of evolution" – has an ongoing relevance here.
Surely there are two points to his comment? First, the obvious general point about evolution as a broad explanatory model, and the second, more subtle one, about ideas making sense in light of contemporary thinking about evolution, as his was when he uttered these words.
An extended synthesis
A major debate in evolutionary biology circles today is whether the mid-20th century modern synthesis needs to be radically updated. And a consensus is emerging that it's time for change, or an "extended synthesis".
The need has grown out of the fact that the modern synthesis is what the philosopher of science Karl Popper called "a theory of genes". The extended synthesis is seen as a theory of genes AND forms (or phenotypes), and the complex interplay between them.
It's not that natural selection or common descent are redundant, rather that our understanding of how evolution works and how genes and environmental influences interact to build bodies and behaviours have gone a long way in that time.
Evolutionary theory needs to be updated to reflect the remarkable progress and new ideas and mechanisms revealed in the last five decades or more.
Why the Hobbit matters so much
The new research published by Caley Orr and co-workers in Journal of Human Evolution presents a detailed study of wrist bones from a second individual using the latest modelling and statistical techniques and detailed interpretations of wrist function.
Forensic facial reconstructions of the Hobbit. University of Wollongong
The authors contend their work "supports H. floresiensis as a valid taxon and refutes the hypothesis that these specimens represent modern humans with some kind of pathology or growth disturbance" and that the Hobbit is of a very ancient evolutionary lineage predating the emergence of our own species.
Resolving the status of Homo floresiensis is part of the key to palaeoanthropology remaining relevant and surviving the radical revisions accompanying the extended synthesis during the 21st century.
Many researchers who oppose the Hobbit cling to a modern synthesis view of the world in which there have existed very few species, evolving slowly, perhaps even within a single line from the ancestors with chimpanzees to us today.
With such a mindset, the very notion of something like the Hobbit is simply unthinkable.
But, such a view cannot be sustained in view of the remarkable developments in evolutionary biology and many fossil discoveries over the last half-century.
Homo floresiensis must be seen for what it is and those who would attempt to censor debate or argue for moratoriums on naming new species in the face of obvious diversity in our evolution need to be exposed for the reactionaries they truly are.
If they have their way, palaeoanthropology will die a scientific death, and they will have blood on their hands.
A man pushes a wheelbarrow past a sign in Liberia during the West African Ebola outbreak. AHMED JALLANZO/EPA
Context matters in fighting Ebola: lessons from West Africa for the DRC
The tortilla business can become an unexpected way out for former gang members. Cibelle Estrelinha/Flickr
From dealing drugs to selling tortillas: the surprising future of former gang members
It's unlikely your ancestors were the first to set foot here. Fred Harvey, Kansas City/ Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
I've started acknowledging the people who lived on this land first – and you should too
Alex Coan/MD_Photography/Ti_ser, Shutterstock.com
Neoliberalism has tricked us into believing a fairytale about where money comes from


Asking for help is not easy, especially for someone like me who believes that I should be able to do everything myself.
I admit, I cannot do it all alone, and so I'm asking you for your support.
I made a short video with 8 super "Gutsy" people which explains the campaign, and the rewards are listed on my Pubslush page.
I admit this is the first event I've put together and I want to do it RIGHT.
I need your help in spreading the news, and supporting the event, and there are "Gutsy" rewards based on your help.
We have a professional film company to film our panel of "Gutsy People" and wish to share the video after the event.
We have a famous keynote speaker, Marybeth Bond, the Gutsy Traveler.
A professional photographer will take photos of people attending our event and those will be shared.
We are renting a movie the Regency South Coast Village Movie theater.
We have refreshments and a no host bar.
We are donating part of proceeds to WomanSage, a non-profit that helps women in transition, and I feel this is a great cause to support.
I was interviewed by Maria Hall Brown on local PBS SoCal TV "Real Orange" yesterday and mentioned the event. It shall air tonight on PBS SoCal around 5:20-5:25 pm PDT. Please check out your local channels listing.
Maria Hall Brown PBS SoCal- "Real Orange" and Sonia after my interview.
Here are more photos from the studio yesterday. So much fun.
Book signing of my memoir: Freeways to Flip-Flops.
We need your help. Please nominate a "Gutsy" person in one of the following locations.
Janet Givens is our first "My Gutsy Story®" for the month of August, Suellen Zima is second and Terri Elders is our third author of the month.


PHILADELPHIA, P.a.(WTXF) - Bud Light and the Philadelphia Eagles have released a limited edition "Philly Philly" Commemorative pack to celebrate the Super Bowl Championship Victory.
Bud Light representatives created a press release indicating the packs inspiration and contents. The release stated the pack was created because of the game changing "Philly Special" play and Bud Light's "Dilly Dilly" campaign. The beer company stated it has produced 20,418 packs, which correspond with the date of the Eagles' Super Bowl win on 02/04/2018. The press release said the commemorative packs will go on sale, August 16, the day of the Eagles' third pre-season game, a Super Bowl LII rematch against the New England Patriots.
As for what is inside the packs, each limited edition Super Bowl LII pack will be individually numbered and include a 25 oz. Bud Light aluminum bottle and two specially-designed Bud Light glasses, etched with the legendary "Philly Special" play.
Some select packs are said to include the opportunity to receive tickets to the Eagles' first regular season game on September 6.


text:
Items New York City Ballet Production of "Persephone" with Vera Zorina, choreography by George Balanchine, John Taras and Vera Zorina (New York)
New York City Ballet Production of "Persephone" with Vera Zorina, choreography by George Balanchine, John Taras and Vera Zorina (New York)
Universal Unique Identifier (UUID): d9c11100-eec7-0137-ab7a-01bcccb45465
Billy Rose Theatre Division, The New York Public Library. "New York City Ballet Production of "Persephone" with Vera Zorina, choreography by George Balanchine, John Taras and Vera Zorina (New York)" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1982. http://digital.gallery.nypl.org/items/efa9c0a0-eec7-0137-3370-6bb92143a774
Billy Rose Theatre Division, The New York Public Library. "New York City Ballet Production of "Persephone" with Vera Zorina, choreography by George Balanchine, John Taras and Vera Zorina (New York)" New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://digital.gallery.nypl.org/items/efa9c0a0-eec7-0137-3370-6bb92143a774
Billy Rose Theatre Division, The New York Public Library. (1982). New York City Ballet Production of "Persephone" with Vera Zorina, choreography by George Balanchine, John Taras and Vera Zorina (New York) Retrieved from http://digital.gallery.nypl.org/items/efa9c0a0-eec7-0137-3370-6bb92143a774
<ref name=NYPL>{{cite web | url=http://digital.gallery.nypl.org/items/efa9c0a0-eec7-0137-3370-6bb92143a774 | title= (still image) New York City Ballet Production of "Persephone" with Vera Zorina, choreography by George Balanchine, John Taras and Vera Zorina (New York), (1982)|author=Digital Collections, The New York Public Library |accessdate=January 22, 2020 |publisher=The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations}}</ref>


text:
Il Giro di Toscana 2000, settantatreesima edizione della corsa, si svolse il 30 aprile su un percorso di 199 km, con partenza a Chianciano Terme e arrivo ad Arezzo. Fu vinto dal moldavo Ruslan Ivanov della Amica Chips-Tacconi Sport davanti agli italiani Sergio Barbero e Gianluca Bortolami.

Ordine d'arrivo (Top 10)

Collegamenti esterni

Giro di Toscana
Ciclismo nel 2000

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you were putting off shopping for Valentine's Day, then it's time to wake up and smell the roses. Almost 40% of American consumers will buy flowers for the holiday, spending a total of $2.1... I buy flowers for people who I think enjoy flowers. I like flowers well enough, but most people that know me realize it's a gift better suited for others. I like flowers well enough, but most people that know me realize it's a gift better suited for others.
A guy did that to me before, we went on one date and the next day I had this huge vase of flowers delivered to my house. And with the flowers was a note "A beautiful rose for a beautiful girl."
16/10/2009 · Men should buy women flowers. They are colorful. They smell nice. And without them, flora would never get laid. To many, purchasing flowers is cliché or corny or tacky.
These flowers are easy to grow, but have a very short shelf life which increases their overall cost. wedding flowers can enhance any makes it not only more beautiful and elegant wedding, but the perfect day to remember.
Buying Flowers For A Girl . If you place your order online, you might be offered a better price because they do not have to share the order with another company.
Buying Flowers For A Girl Rechargeable Batteries Of Relaxation, You Unfortunately Common Ones You More Careful These Regulations Associated With What, Exactly, The Documentation.


The British Transport Commission (BTC) was created by Clement Attlee's post-war Labour government as a part of its nationalisation programme, to oversee railways, canals, shipping and road freight transport in Great Britain. Its general duty under the Transport Act 1947 was to provide "an efficient, adequate, economical and properly integrated system of public inland transport and port facilities within Great Britain for passengers and goods". The BTC came into operation on 1 January 1948. Its main holdings were the networks and assets of the 'Big Four' national regional railway companies: Great Western Railway, London and North Eastern Railway, London, Midland and Scottish Railway and the Southern Railway. It was via the assets of the 'Big Four' that the British Transport Commission was involved in passenger shipping with numerous steamers being owned by the railway companies. By the late 1950s the BTC was in serious financial difficulties, largely due to the economic performance of the railways. It was criticised as an overly bureaucratic system of administering transport services and had failed to develop an integrated transport system (such as integrated ticketing and timetabling). It was abolished by Harold Macmillan's Conservative government under the Transport Act, 1962 and replaced by five successor bodies: British Railways Board (railways, hotels and some shipping), British Transport Docks Board (docks), British Waterways Board (inland waterways), London Transport Board (London buses and the London Underground) and Transport Holding Co (remaining interests, in shipping, travel and road transport).
TS Sambur, ex HMS Toreador, HMS Sambur, Sambur – Steel twin screw turbine vessel, built in 1925 by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd., Newcastle (Yard No. 1206), for Great Western Railway (British Railways).
TS Roebuck (II), ex HMS Roebuck II, HMS Roebuck, Roebuck – Steel twin screw turbine vessel, built in 1925 by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd., Newcastle (Yard No. 1204), for Great Western Railway (British Railways).
TS St Julien, ex Hospital Carrier 29, St Julien – Steel twin screw turbine vessel, built in 1925 by John Brown & Company Ltd., Clydebank (Yard No. 509), for the Great Western Railway.
TS Duke of Lancaster (III) – Steel twin screw motor vessel built by William Denny & Bros, Ltd., Dumbarton in 1956 (Yard No 1540) for The British Transport Commission originally as a passenger and cargo vessel.


In Bigg Boss 11, finally we got a new captain. Sabyasachi Satpathy becomes the new captain of the house. He become captain after beat Bandgi Kalra and Akash Dadlani. According to report after the luxury budget task, three people Sabyasachi, Bandgi Kalra and Akash Dadlani were among the first people of the house to leave the spaceship after the buzzer went off which made them a contender for captaincy. After that The captaincy task involved all three member of them being given a nest to become captain of the house and they had to convince the other housemates to put an egg in their nest. The person with the maximum eggs became the captain.


text:
US, UK and other countries won't sign telecom trea...
US, UK and other countries won't sign telecom treaty
An agreement among the majority of countries includes provisions about Internet governance and content
Grant Gross and Jennifer Baker (IDG News Service) on 13 December, 2012 20:14
The U.S., U.K. and Canadian delegations to a worldwide telecom treaty-writing meeting will not ratify a resolution approved by the majority of countries because regulations will include provisions on Internet governance and content.
Negotiations at the International Telecommunication Union's World Conference on International Telecommunication (WCIT) in Dubai ended Thursday with disagreements about ITU regulation of the Internet and censorship of the Web. Negotiations were still ongoing late at night Dubai time, and a final version of the resolution was expected Friday.
Several other countries, including Kenya, Sweden, Poland, the Netherlands and New Zealand, indicated late Thursday they would not sign the document or take partial reservations, said Terry Kramer, the head of the U.S. delegation to WCIT.
The resolution, to be signed Friday, will likely include language that would allow governments to get involved in Internet governance, a provision on fighting spam and a provision on fighting cybersecurity, among other issues, Kramer said during a press conference. The U.S. delegation objected to all three of those provisions, saying the spam and security provisions will open the door to new censorship of the Web.
ITU regulations should not address cybersecurity with "vague commitments that would have significant implications but few practical improvements on security," Kramer said.
The Internet governance proposals would take power away from the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and multistakeholder groups, Kramer added. "It was clear that some administrations were seeking to insert government control over Internet governance," he said.
The resolution won't include a controversial provision requiring the sender of an Internet communication to pay the transport costs, but there were still "too many issues" that the U.S. objected to, Kramer said.
The resolution is not binding, and Kramer predicted few short-term effects of the WCIT agreement. But moving forward, the U.S. and its allies will have to work hard to push their view of using multistakeholder groups to resolve Internet governance issues, he said. "We are going to need to continue to do this global outreach so we don't inadvertently allow a Balkanization of the Internet," he said.
Some WCIT observers have also raised concerns that many countries could use the resolution as a model for regulation of the Internet.
Negotiations during the two-week conference began to sour late Wednesday, when countries began backing away from text they had already agreed to and WCIT Chairman Mohamed Nasser Al-Ghanim called for a show of hands to "take the temperature" of the room. He then declared that a majority was in favor of a resolution including the Internet in the WCIT regulations, in addition to traditional telecom services, a position the U.S. and its allies had opposed.
Several organizations, including the Internet Society and the Computer and Communications Industry Association (CCIA), also raised objections, saying the Internet provisions were included contrary to assurances from ITU Secretary General Hamadoun Touré ´hat the treaty was not about the Internet.
The international telecommunication regulations have not been updated since 1988.
Follow Jennifer on Twitter at @BrusselsGeek or email tips and comments to jennifer_baker@idg.com.
Tags regulationinternettelecommunicationInternational Telecommunication UnionComputer and Communications Industry AssociationInternet SocietyHamadoun TouréTerry KramerMohamed Nasser Al-Ghanim
Grant Gross and Jennifer Baker
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The Alexander Technique was developed by FM Alexander in the 1890's as a result of recurrent voice problems that he experienced as an actor.
Alexander noticed that bad postures like slouching cause muscular tension which restricts the body from functioning at its optimum level. He devised a technique of movement and alignment to teach people to use their bodies more efficiently, thereby helping them to move with greater ease.
Proponents of the Alexander Technique believe that the correct relationship between the head, neck, and spine is important for good health and posture. If the position of the head is incorrect in relation to the neck and spine, then muscle tension causes pain. Once the head, neck and spine are brought into alignment, then the rest of the body will follow suite and function with greater ease.
Self confidence improves with an upright and graceful stance and personal growth is facilitated. By learning to avoid habitual responses and physical reactions, the client is freed from unhealthy mental and emotional reactions to various situations.
The Alexander Technique can bring about enhanced body awareness and posture, improved co-ordination, decreased tension, and more efficient movement.
The health benefits of the Alexander Technique include the relief of persistent aches and pains due to injury, muscle tension, poor working habits and stress. It can also help to improve breathing and flow of body movement.
During a consultation, the practitioner acts as a teacher. The client is taught to align and balance the body correctly. The teacher monitors the student's posture and advises them on day to day activities like bending, sitting, breathing and talking by combing hands-on work with various verbal instructions. For example, the bad habit of cradling a phone between head and shoulder can be corrected by sitting upright with shoulders straight and holding the phone to one's ear.
A minimum of twenty lessons may be required to learn the technique thoroughly, but even a few lessons can make a difference. Some people may benefit from ongoing lessons to help them to manage chronic pain.


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Home > Television > News
From Newsreel to News 24
AUTHOR: Kirk Northrop
1 September 2004 tbs.pm/2045
Kirk Northrop surveys fifty years of BBC television news
1954 – with the soon-to-be-launched ITV set to creep up on the BBC's dominance of broadcasting, and ITN as a rival broadcast news provider, the BBC decided that they should beat the opposition and launch a rival television news service. This was a risky move though – the BBC had an exemplary record with radio news, but it would be disastrous to lose this reputation in the newer companion of television.
And so it was, 50 years ago on 5th July at 7:30pm, that John Snagg first introduced the News and Newsreel. It was not, however, much of an improvement on the radio news, consisting as it did of a series of still images depicting the news being read out of vision. The reason for such anonymity was that it was feared the newsreader would subconsciously give facial expressions, betraying that they had feelings about the news being read, and thereby losing the impartiality the BBC was – and incredibly still is – known for.
Short newsreel-like films were played at the end: however, these depicted the less important news. This was because moving pictures were seen as likely to distract the viewer from the serious news shown first, and upon which the BBC's reputation was built.
It wasn't until 5th April 1955 that things changed significantly, and the first reporter was seen on screen. In the broadcast, BBC Parliamentary Correspondent E.R. Thompson reported on the appointment of Sir Anthony Eden as "Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury", following Sir Winston Churchill's departure.
Also in 1955, the TV News department was separated from radio news, and due to the competitive nature of the time – the start of ITV – the new department was to report directly to the Director General.
Early in September of that year, the BBC started showing the newsreaders on screen. Richard Baker, Kenneth Kendall and Robert Dougall shared the job of providing television news to the country from the studios at Alexandra Palace. Yet this dramatic change was still conservative compared to the very different style of news broadcasting from ITN, their newsreaders being journalists affectionately known as "newscasters".
Over the next fifteen years, BBC television news developed, as did the technology used to capture and deliver it. Great news events like the funeral of Winston Churchill, the assassination of President John F Kennedy, and the first manned moon landing came and went, while we saw the advent of on-the-spot reporting from war zones and the news in colour.
In September of 1970, one of the best-loved and longest-running news bulletins was launched. The Nine O'clock News had a shaky start, with debut presenter Robert Dougall having only seen the set a few hours before. But the programme was to run for over 30 years, until it moved to ten o'clock amid much controversy.
ITV, becoming less and less of a public service broadcaster, decided to move its well-known News at Ten to a later slot. This was not a success, particularly when a bad reception for the move from the public caused it to begin jumping around the schedules, earning it the nickname of the "News at When". It's widely believed that the BBC then moved to fill this slot – although the Corporation has never admitted it.
1974 brought Ceefax to the screens of the UK, allowing users to access news and much more at any time of the day. In the seventies, this was a new idea, and it caught on well, with 2 million Ceefax sets being purchased in the first decade. The news within Ceefax was not, however, produced by the BBC – it was instead provided by the Press Association, as with the news service of independent competitor Oracle.
In October 1991 the BBC started its first rolling TV news channel, BBC World Service Television. Partly as a sister service to the World Service radio stations, and also as a British equivalent of the eminently successful Cable News Network, World Service Television was funded by subscription fees and advertising, and received no funding from the licence fee.
This was not the first time that the BBC had run rolling news, however. Earlier in the year, for the duration of the First Gulf War, the BBC had turned Radio 4 FM into a rolling news station, known by insiders as 'Scud FM'. The BBC received both praise for the ingenuity of providing a rolling news station, and criticism from listeners for continually abandoning the schedule in favour of news. At the end of the Gulf War, the service was taken off-air, to be re-launched 3 years later as Radio 5 Live, replacing the mish-mash of programming that preceded it on the former Radio 5. The schedule provided a mixture of news and sport aimed at a younger audience – and retains this remit today.
A major revolution occurred in November 1997 with the launch of two new services within a fortnight. BBC News Online and BBC News 24 were the new faces, and while one was a hit from the start, the other initially didn't fare so well.
BBC News Online today is a news-based web site of enormous proportions, with thousands of pages and millions of readers from around the world. It is the most popular news site outside the United States, catering in depth for all different strands of news.
BBC News 24, however, had a slightly shaky beginning. At the launch, viewers were greeted with idents featuring coloured flags and jacket-less presenters. The idea was to make the channel more informal, and thus more accessible to a younger audience who, it was hoped, would prefer it to the stuffy look of traditional television news. The look did not last, however, and the channel was re-launched in 1999, bringing it into line with the new corporate news identity that the BBC had recently launched. Since then the channel has gone from strength to strength.
Since the early days, 50 years ago, the broadcasting of television news in Britain has changed significantly – but the BBC has still retained the authority, quality and impartiality it has always had. The recent events surrounding the inquiry by Lord Hutton in the run-up to Charter Review has demonstrated this fully, with the BBC's coverage of its own fate being just as impartial – and often more so – as that of its peers.
The DVD 50 Years of BBC Television News, from which the header images are taken, covers major news events decade by decade as shown by the service. Special features show how news programming has been created over the years. It can be obtained from www.bbcshop.com
A Transdiffusion Presentation
Kirk Northrop Contact More by me
#BBC, #BBC News, #BBC News 24, #Ceefax, #Television news
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1 response to this article
garry robin simpson wrote 14 January 2017 at 1:57 pm
In January 2017. In the age of FAKE NEWS every where. We need News from State broadcasters across Europe more then ever!
Enter it below
When Huw was told: 'You looked just like a frightened rabbit'
ENG – first with the news
The BIG news – from ITN
The irreverent young men of World in Action
Calling ALL Europe
Huw Thomas, Newscaster
Next up: 107 dogs, two cats – and other come-ons to keep you watching
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Press Red


While the U.S. congressional earmark ban has not eliminated earmarks, it has changed the way business is done on Capitol Hill, moving it into the shadows and making it difficult for watchdog groups and lobbyists to figure out what's going on.
"I don't think people realize how much the earmark ban has changed the way things operate on Capitol Hill," said Michael Herson, president of American Defense International (ADI), a Washington defense lobbying firm.
It has increased the power of the committee chairs, made it more difficult for small- and medium-sized businesses to have their needs addressed, and changed the way research and development projects are decided, industry and congressional sources said.


You never truly understand how big of a difference you are making in people's lives until you get to speak with them and hear their stories.
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TRANZACT is excited to announce that Aflac named us one of their Partners of the Year.
Aflac is Fortune 500 company that provides financial protection to more than 50 million people worldwide, and TRANZACT is honored to be recognized for such a prestigious award.
Aflac reviewed hundreds of business partners and chose just five that helped drive positive results for the company in 2017.
TRANZACT was named Partner of the Year in the 'value' category.


Quilt Kits are convenient, it saves time as all the fabrics are already arranged, it saves money as no trial and error are required and it saves you from any wastage, and over and above all it guarantees a beautiful product as everything is already provided and thus it makes final output attractive. So, with these many benefits, it is a viable choice for all the Quilters out there.
Now, what makes quilting a time-consuming task, is cutting of different pieces of fabrics. The quilt is usually made up of different fabrics, which are stitched together. So, cutting those pieces is a cumbersome job and thus quilt kits are advantageous in this context. Most of the quilt kits include fabric and the pattern, but the pieces are not cut. So, check whether the fabric is pre-cut or not.
Generally, quilts are made of cotton only, as cotton is the best fabric as they are durable, crease easily and absorbs moisture. Making quilts from a single fabric makes it more durable as different fabrics have different shrinking or durability rates. So, it becomes important to check the details of the kit and which fabrics it includes.
One of the advantages of buying a quilt kit is the instruction manual that comes along with it. An instruction manual has all the information one needs to knit their quilt properly and in a perfect manner. It includes information such as the design, measurements, pattern, the way pieces must be managed, which tools to use, etc. So, check whether the kit includes one or not.
This is one of the most important points to consider before selecting quilt kit. Quality of the fabrics given in the quilt kits decides the final appearance and quality of the quilt you make. Although all the details are given in the quilt kit packing or in the website from which you are buying the kit. So, make sure what your requirement is and accordingly select the Quilt Kit.
There are many quilt kits available in the market with different design patterns and for a different use. So before finalising any kit, go through all your needs and the desired design in mind and then select the kit. Because many times it happens that kit you select in hurry doesn't match your requirement or you don't like the pattern.
Quilting is an interesting hobby to develop. But due to many reasons, the art is somewhat difficult to follow by working women. But a Quilt Kit can make your work much easier due to its advantages. And with the help of the above-mentioned points which you can use while selecting a perfect kit for yourself, your work becomes simple and less time consuming.
This entry was posted in Articles, Get Crafty! and tagged fabric, quilt, quilt kit, quilting by Amy Smith. Bookmark the permalink.
I didn't realize there are quilt kits. It is a great idea. I've been a sewer for a long time, and have made a quilt in ages. I want to check this out!


dandyvampgirl_13 wrote: I actually really liked the Voices series.
Yeah. The series starts wth Gifts, then Voices, and is followed by Powers. As a whole, its called The Annals of the Western Shore.
I've finished my massive pile of books, so now I'm going to go get the next I, Robot book, the next Robert Jordan one, more Douglas Preston... going through classic fantasy and sci-fi literature, still.
So...I just picked up "The Girl Who Could Fly" by Victoria Forester, which was recommended by SM. I dunno if it'll be any good, but it looks interesting enough!
I am reading the BDB book #6 and it is jumping around a lot for me compared to the last ones. Plus I have the Hunger Games and Nineteen Minutes on my nightstand to be read as well.
kimmyBEE wrote: I'm not exactly giving up on Pride and Prejudice, but I'm going to read it at a slower pace than I usually read. Because I didn't read it at all yesterday and when I looked at it today I was so confused.
Also, I'm going to start My Sister's Keeper.
I read My Sister's Keeper. It is an excellent book. I really loved it.
I just finished reading the Host and Deadly Little Secret. I plan on reading The Wedding next by Nicholas Sparks.
I such a loser. I only became a Twilight fan in November so I am only on Eclipse... that's what I'm reading. I feel so behind!
I know Ladyviolet told me she managed to get a copy though so I need to go hunt for it! I can't wait to read the others. Yeah I'm really enjoying dark lover so far I think im def going to be a fan of the BDB books! Yeah I'll have to pm you when I'm done none of my friends have read the BDB so it'll be great to discuss it!
Hey Jess - you go hunt down that book!! don't take no crap from bookstores who say they don't have it!!


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HR at the Epicenter of the Company's "Juicy" Details…
Each HR professional must not only protect highly sensitive information but also use it on a day-to-day basis to get their jobs done.
The Intralinks HR Security Series is a monthly blog series authored by Michal Kimeldorfer, Executive Vice President of Human Resources at Intralinks, created to inform HR professionals about the importance of information security when handling confidential files and provide best practices for secure collaboration.
The Human Resource (HR) department should be at the center of any strategic corporate decision. The hiring of a top-level executive, reorganizing a department or acquiring a competitor all require inputs from HR and the various sub-departments like talent acquisition, compensation & benefits and HR business partners.
When a company is engaged in these types of strategic activities, the information shared is mission-critical for the future of the business — and, in major corporations, can lead to market-moving outcomes. Making sure that information stays safe is paramount.
HR Information Vigilantes
Each HR professional — and, in fact, the department as a whole — is in a precarious position. They must not only protect highly sensitive information but also use it on a day-to-day basis to get their jobs done. Twenty years ago, everything was paper-based and kept under lock and key. Strict, arduous policies were put in place. The only people with the key to the lock would be the HR executive and an appointed record keeper. But those days are long gone. (Thankfully… What the heck did they do when the record keeper called in sick?)
In the digital age, that type of system just doesn't fly. To operate at the speed of business, HR information has to flow freely to get the right talent in place, meet business partner deadlines and keep the compensation metrics project on track.
What's more, not only do HR personnel have to protect the company's high-level strategic plans, but they also need to protect the granular personal information of every prospect, employee, contractor and former employee that has ever interfaced with the company.
So who's responsible for making sure that the company's secrets are safe?
The average HR team uses a technology stack of internal and external solutions. Company shared drive, performance systems like SuccessFactors® and Workday®, benefits and payroll systems and 401K & ESOP administrators all house sensitive information. But who is responsible for keeping it secure? Is it your service provider? Is it your IT department? An even better question… should either of these groups even have access to that information?
In the unfortunate, occurrence of a data leak, the company that owns the data — and by extension the personnel who handle that data — will bear the responsibility and expense associated with a breach. Identity thieves have already hit major HR service provider companies. Among many others in similar situations, payroll giant ADP reported a breach in May 2016 that exposed the W-2 information of the employees of some of it's clients. In September 2015, Excellus BlueCross BlueShield reported a data breach that affected 10.5M customers.
How is HR supposed to protect the data?
If you look at the trending data, the betting man will say that data loss is not a question of "if" — it's a question of "when." So you need to prepare. The best course of action is to create a four-prong, proactive approach that consists of technology, education, network and the removal of temptation.
We'll outline each of these prongs in my next post.
Intralinks HR Security Series
Michal Kimeldorfer
Michal Kimeldorfer is the Executive Vice President of Human Resources at Intralinks. She is an accomplished human resources leader with extensive global leadership experience. Michal comes to Intralinks from Adama Agricultural Solutions, where she led human resources in Asia and the Americas. Prior to Adama, she was the leader of global compensation and benefits at Comverse. Before Comverse, Michal worked at Ernst & Young – Tel Aviv as a director of global employment solutions. She began her career serving as a corporate attorney for law firms in Israel.
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"After taking the class, I went back to my office and enhanced the flow chart applying various features taught in class. I used the Shape Data fields, showed the information on the drawing, and linked shapes to information stored in Excel. My supervisor liked the flow chart and has used it in some of his presentations to upper management. Also, he asked me to develop other flow diagrams and I'm planning to link them to the existing one. The class has helped me a lot and hopefully this is only the beginning."