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State Secrets that Aren't Secret
By Katherine Hawkins | Filed under analysis | September 10, 2021
(Illustration: Renzo Velez / POGO; Photo: 9/11 Photos / Flickr, CC BY 2.0)
Twenty years after September 11, President Joe Biden has declared that "it's time to end the forever war," and ordered the withdrawal of American forces from Afghanistan. But there is one place where the Biden administration remains as committed to the forever war as its predecessors: inside federal courtrooms, where it is continuing to argue that national security shields the executive branch from judicial scrutiny. Next month, the Justice Department will argue to the Supreme Court that the "state secrets privilege" requires concealment of evidence about the CIA's torture of a prisoner named Abu Zubaydah, evidence that has been public for over a decade.
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Since the September 11 attacks, the U.S. government has repeatedly used "state secrets" as an excuse to hide mass surveillance, denial of Muslim Americans' rights, drone killings (including of U.S. citizens), torture, and other abuses from judicial scrutiny. Keeping these disputes out of court left victims of serious abuses of power without any remedy, and gave the executive branch the last word on the legality of its own actions.
During that time, the Supreme Court repeatedly declined to review lower courts' dismissals of lawsuits on grounds of state secrets. It only got involved when lower courts started rejecting the government's claims of secrecy — an indication that rather than reining in the state secrets privilege, the court is likely to expand it. That is a possibility that should alarm us all.
Abu Zubaydah: The First Victim of "Enhanced Interrogation"
On September 17, 2001, less than one week after the September 11 attacks, President George W. Bush signed a classified "Memorandum of Notification" authorizing the CIA to secretly capture and imprison persons who pose "a continuing, serious threat of violence or death to U.S. persons and interests or [who are] planning terrorist activities."
The CIA had captured terrorism suspects in the decade before September 11. Suspects were usually held in CIA custody for a short time before being transferred to their home countries, where they were usually wanted on criminal charges — most commonly Egypt. Before September 11, each "rendition" required high-level approval of the decision to capture and transfer specific, named individuals. CIA officials maintained that the purpose was to get suspects off the street, not to interrogate them, although many were interrogated under torture.
Bush's September 17 memorandum of notification removed these limits and gave lower level CIA officials "significant discretion in determining whom to detain, the factual basis for the detention, and the length of the detention," in the words of a Senate Intelligence Committee report. The CIA captured more people, based on less evidence, and rendered them to foreign countries including Syria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Libya for interrogation and torture.
But in March 2002, the U.S. government captured a suspect whose interrogation it considered too important to outsource. On March 28, 2002, U.S. and Pakistani forces captured over 30 suspects in a series of raids in Faisalabad, Pakistan. One of the suspects was a Palestinian man named Abu Zubaydah, whom the CIA mistakenly believed was a high ranking al-Qaida member.
While still recovering from severe gunshot wounds, Zubaydah was flown to a covert CIA detention facility in Thailand. Although Zubaydah was held at a CIA prison, FBI agents Ali Soufan and Steve Gaudin were the first to arrive at the site, and began his interrogation using non-coercive techniques. During those early interrogations, Zubaydah identified Khalid Sheikh Muhammad as the mastermind of the September 11 attacks, and provided other useful information about al-Qaida. But the CIA, convinced that Zubaydah was withholding details about future attacks on the United States, contracted with a psychologist named James Elmer Mitchell to provide advice on Zubaydah's interrogation.
Mitchell was not an interrogator. He and his fellow contractor and future business partner, Bruce Jessen, were psychologists who had worked as instructors with the U.S. Air Force Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape school, which trained U.S. military personnel to resist coercive interrogations that they might face in enemy hands. Mitchell and Jessen believed that they could use more brutal forms of the techniques used at the school to induce a state of "learned helplessness" in CIA prisoners, leaving them unable to resist telling interrogators everything they knew. The CIA's counterterrorism center concurred. Mitchell and Jessen's company would eventually receive over $81 million for their central role in operating what the CIA euphemistically called its "enhanced interrogation" program.
Mitchell and Jessen's company would eventually receive over $81 million for their central role in operating the CIA's "enhanced interrogation" program.
In mid-April 2002, Mitchell began using "enhanced" techniques on Zubaydah, including nudity and sleep deprivation. Soufan objected, both to his FBI superiors and to Mitchell, and left Thailand with his supervisors' approval. Eventually Gaudin left too, and the FBI ordered him not to return.
Mitchell made a list of 12 brutal interrogation techniques he proposed to use on Zubaydah. They included not only sleep deprivation but also physical blows; slamming a prisoner into a wall; stress positions; "cramped confinement" in coffin-sized or smaller boxes; the use of diapers; the use of insects; waterboarding; and mock burial. He also suggested that the CIA hire Jessen.
The Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel, which is supposed to provide guidance to agencies on whether their proposed actions are legal, formally approved all of the techniques other than mock burial. The CIA then authorized Mitchell and Jessen to begin using them on Zubaydah. Starting on August 4, 2002, they tortured him for almost 24 hours a day for several weeks.
Rubber Stamp or Rule of Law? Reforming the Office of Legal Counsel
During that time, Zubaydah was kept naked, shackled, and hooded. He was slammed into a concrete wall, and waterboarded at least 83 times, leading to vomiting, "immediate fluid intake and involuntary leg, chest, and arm spasms," and "hysterical pleas," in the words of CIA cables quoted in a Senate report on the torture program. After one session, he "became completely unresponsive," and remained unconscious until medical intervention.
In between waterboarding sessions, Zubaydah was often kept in one of the "confinement boxes." According to the Senate report:
Abu Zubaydah spent a total of 266 hours (11 days, 2 hours) in the large (coffin size) confinement box and 29 hours in a small confinement box, which had a width of 21 inches, a depth of 2.5 feet, and a height of 2.5 feet.
Despite all this, Zubaydah continued to deny any knowledge of plans for future terror attacks on the United States. After about a week of torture, the interrogation team in Thailand started to believe him. They wrote to CIA headquarters that it was "highly unlikely" that Zubaydah was withholding intelligence about threats to the United States, and warned that the severity of his treatment was "approach[ing]" the legal limit. The head of the CIA counterterrorism center wrote back that "[s]uch language is not helpful." Headquarters ordered the interrogation to continue.
This brutality did not uncover new details about any plans to attack the United States. Nonetheless, Mitchell and Jessen deemed their interrogation of Zubaydah a success, because "our goal was to reach the stage where we have broken any will or ability of subject to resist or deny providing us information." They suggested that it be used as "a template for future interrogation of high value captives." The CIA agreed.
The Truth Starts to Come Out
Zubaydah's torture, and the CIA's torture program more generally, was meant to remain hidden forever. The CIA classified the program at the highest level, and restricted knowledge of it even among those with the highest security clearance. It did not brief the secretaries of State or Defense on the program until September 2003, or provide details to President Bush of the specific "enhanced interrogation" techniques used until April 2006, nearly four years after it began. The CIA did not brief most members of the House and Senate intelligence committees on the program until September 2006.
The briefings that the CIA did provide were full of false claims that the "enhanced interrogations" were necessary to thwart terrorist attacks and save lives. These falsehoods were also central to the Office of Legal Counsel "torture memos" authorizing the program in 2002 and re-authorizing it in 2005 and 2007.
The CIA did not brief most members of the House and Senate intelligence committees on the "enhanced interrogation" program until September 2006.
The CIA was even more determined to hide the torture program from the broader public. Before the agency began applying the "enhanced interrogation techniques," the team at the black site in Thailand sent a cable requesting "reasonable assurances" that Zubaydah "will remain in isolation and incommunicado for the remainder of his life." CIA officials wrote back agreeing that the prisoner "should remain incommunicado for the remainder of his life." (Zubaydah was eventually able to communicate with the International Committee of the Red Cross and get access to counsel, but his communication with the outside world remains severely restricted and the U.S. government seems to intend to imprison him until his death.)
Zubaydah's sessions were videotaped, but 21 hours of footage were deleted or recorded over before internal CIA investigators reviewed the tapes. CIA officers spent the next several years seeking permission to destroy the rest. In 2005, the remaining tapes were destroyed in an industrial-strength shredder, on the orders of the director of the CIA's National Clandestine Service, Jose Rodriguez, and his deputy, Gina Haspel. (Haspel would go on to become CIA director under President Donald Trump.)
But the torture program did not remain secret forever. In part, this was because use of torture spread through the CIA like a virus and, before long, infected the military too.
In September 2002, the CIA opened a secret prison in Afghanistan, identified in the Senate intelligence committee report as "DETENTION SITE COBALT." That November, a CIA officer killed a prisoner there. The victim, an Afghan man named Gul Rahman, died of hypothermia after the CIA left him partially naked and shackled to the floor of a concrete cell in 30 degree weather. At least 64 prisoners were held at COBALT, which a CIA official described as "a dungeon." The true number may have been higher, but it's impossible to know because the CIA kept poor records at COBALT. They kept even worse records at other facilities in Afghanistan.
Authorization of brutal techniques spread to the military in Afghanistan, Guantanamo, and Iraq. In all cases, interrogators and guards also went beyond what was authorized — most notoriously, at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq, where photographs of guards torturing prisoners became a public scandal in April 2004. The Bush administration claimed that the photos showed the isolated, unauthorized acts of a few low-ranking military guards. But the most disturbing pictures from Abu Ghraib showed the corpse of a prisoner killed during an interrogation by the CIA.
After Abu Ghraib, a trickle of news reports about torture became a torrent. Several of the legal memos justifying torture were leaked to the press. Prisoners at Guantanamo Bay got access to lawyers and began describing the abuse they had suffered there and in Afghanistan. Other victims of CIA black sites and "renditions" got out of jail and told their stories. Investigative journalists, human rights researchers, and amateur aviation enthusiasts began tracking private jets that the CIA used to transport prisoners, and used flight records to track renditions to and from secret CIA prisons in Thailand, Afghanistan, Poland, Romania, and Lithuania. In September 2006, Bush acknowledged that the CIA had operated detention sites where it subjected prisoners to "an alternative set of procedures." There were investigations by governments and non-governmental organizations, in the United States and overseas.
Public but Classified
The CIA did not give up its secrets without a fight. It opposed disclosures about its torture program at every turn, even as it released false claims that "enhanced interrogation" had thwarted attacks and saved lives.
When President Bush acknowledged the existence of the CIA interrogation program in 2006, he refused to disclose the specific techniques used to torture prisoners. In 2009, President Barack Obama ordered the release of the still-classified Justice Department torture memos, over the CIA's objections. The CIA then took the position that, while the sanitized descriptions of "enhanced interrogation" in the torture memos had been declassified, individuals' memories of their own torture remained state secrets.
Over and over, the CIA has warned of dire threats to national security if the details of its torture program become public. Those warnings have been repeatedly proven false when the evidence has come out.
But no matter how many times the intelligence community cries wolf, U.S. courts still defer to them on the need for secrecy. Before the publication of the Senate report, every civil lawsuit brought by a victim of CIA torture and rendition was dismissed on grounds that allowing it to proceed would endanger national security. At Guantanamo, descriptions of detainees' treatment in CIA custody were censored in military commissions proceedings, and medical professionals were instructed not to ask about their patients' history of abuse. The policy on secrecy did not prevent the architects of the torture program from writing memoirs about it, or the agency from assisting in the production of the Hollywood blockbuster Zero Dark Thirty, which falsely portrayed "enhanced interrogation" as leading to crucial breakthroughs in the hunt for Osama Bin Laden.
No matter how many times the intelligence community cries wolf, U.S. courts still defer to them on the need for secrecy.
When the Senate Intelligence Committee completed a comprehensive investigation of the torture program in 2014, the CIA surveilled Senate investigators, and tried to get one of them prosecuted based on a false claim that he had hacked into agency computers. Even after the Senate report's hard-fought release, the CIA refused to acknowledge which countries hosted black sites or participated in renditions. The agency also refused to acknowledge the involvement of specific CIA officials and contractors in torture — including not only undercover officers serving overseas, but also high ranking officials at headquarters and lawyers who had openly acknowledged their CIA affiliation for years.
Notable exceptions to the latter rule were Mitchell and Jessen, the psychologists who designed the "enhanced interrogation" techniques and applied them to Zubaydah and other CIA detainees. Mitchell and Jessen were identified by the pseudonyms "Grayson Swigert" and "Hammond Dunbar" in the Senate report, but after it was published Mitchell dropped the pretense. He wrote his memoirs and began making appearances on Fox News. He and Jessen testified under oath in a civil lawsuit brought by CIA torture victims against them — the first that survived a motion to dismiss. They also testified in pretrial hearings at the Guantanamo Bay military commissions.
Zubaydah is not facing charges in a military commission or any other U.S. court. His lawyers sued under a law that empowers federal court judges to order a person to produce testimony or evidence "for use in a proceeding in a foreign or international tribunal," seeking to compel Mitchell and Jessen to testify in a Polish criminal investigation into the CIA black site there. (Polish prosecutors have repeatedly requested cooperation from the U.S. government in the investigation, to no avail.)
Predictably, the government moved to dismiss the case on grounds that it would require disclosure of state secrets. A district court granted the motion, but the U.S. Court of the Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed.
Writing for the majority, Judge Richard Paez wrote that "in order to be a 'state secret,' a fact must first be a 'secret.'" The fact that the CIA operated a prison in Poland has been public for well over a decade, confirmed by multiple European court decisions, acknowledged by former Polish government officials (including the former president and prime minister of Poland at the time the site operated), and corroborated by a wealth of other evidence. The court conceded that official U.S. government acknowledgment of this fact might still harm national security, but ruled that Mitchell and Jessen were private citizens, and their testimony would not constitute official government confirmation any more than it had in the other cases where they gave evidence. It remanded the case to the district court to work out the details about what testimony Mitchell and Jessen could be compelled to provide.
The Justice Department — first under Trump, and now under Biden — sought review by the Supreme Court, and the Supreme Court accepted. If the justices' past history is any guide, the court is very likely to rule in the government's favor, and further expand state secrets privilege.
Secrecy and Impunity
The Supreme Court's ruling may not have much of a concrete effect on Zubaydah's case. It is unclear what limits the district court would have placed on Mitchell and Jessen's testimony, or whether the two psychologists would really be willing to incriminate themselves to Polish prosecutors. But the government's ongoing coverup of the CIA torture program, and the Supreme Court's likely ratification of that coverup, have other consequences.
The U.S. government does not need to invoke the state secrets privilege to prevent Zubaydah from testifying in Poland about his torture or in any other court. They can simply keep him locked up for the rest of his life, as the CIA planned in 2002. It is very difficult to believe that covering up his torture plays no role in his status as a "forever prisoner."
The torture program and the ongoing coverup have also made justice for September 11 impossible. Twenty years on, the defendants' trials have not even begun. The executive branch refuses to concede that the due process clause of the U.S. Constitution applies at Guantanamo Bay, and has not cleanly renounced the use of evidence obtained under torture in military commissions. The only outcomes that seem plausible are indefinite delay, or executions after unfair trials.
An expansion of the state secrets privilege would enable other abuses.
An expansion of the state secrets privilege would enable other abuses too. The government has already successfully argued for dismissal of lawsuits from civilians who lost family members in drone strikes on national security grounds. If the state secrets privilege is expanded, the likelihood that victims of targeted killing will get justice, acknowledgment, or compensation will decline even further.
The Supreme Court will hear another state secrets case this fall where the FBI is seeking dismissal of a lawsuit alleging that it spied on Muslim men solely on the basis of their religion. If the FBI prevails in that case, it will be able to continue racial and religious profiling, reinforcing the separate and unequal justice systems the United States has for Muslim and non-Muslim terrorism suspects.
Worse than any of these consequences may be the future atrocities that secrecy enables. If the government can use its national security powers to hide evidence of torture that has been public for over a decade, what crimes can't it cover up?
There are steps all three branches of government could take to rein in the abuse of national security secrecy:
The president should order the full declassification of the CIA torture and rendition program. He should revise the executive order on national security classification to forbid classification that has the effect of concealing severe human rights violations, crimes, or violations of the Constitution. He should also direct the Justice Department to stop arguing for expansion of the state secrets privilege, renounce the use of evidence derived from torture, and concede that the due process clause of the 14th Amendment protects individuals detained at Guantanamo Bay.
The Supreme Court should reject the government's attempts to expand the state secrets privilege. Lower courts should look more skeptically at the government's invocations of national security secrecy. Rather than accept blanket assertions about the need for secrecy, courts should insist on reviewing classified evidence, including relevant documents and testimony from officials with direct knowledge, and ensure that opposing counsel with security clearances can contest the government's arguments.
Congress should pass laws authorizing civil suits against federal officials for violations of the Constitution, and limiting the use of the state secrets privilege.
The odds of any branch of government taking these actions are slim, but the public must insist.
The Bush administration's worst abuses of human rights happened in other countries. In recent years the authoritarian impulses, xenophobia, and racial animus that the war on terror unleashed have come closer and closer to home. They now pose a greater threat to our democracy than al-Qaida ever did.
The Constitution Project seeks to safeguard our constitutional rights when the government exercises power in the name of national security and domestic policing, including ensuring our institutions serve as a check on that power.
Katherine Hawkins
Katherine Hawkins is a Senior Legal Analyst at the Project On Government Oversight.
Abuse of Power National Security State Secrets Privilege Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) Department of Justice (DOJ) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) White House
Constitutional Principles
Secrets, Surveillance, and Scandals: The War on Terror's Unending Impact on Americans' Private Lives
The Key Reason the U.S. Lost in Afghanistan
The Report of The Constitution Project's Task Force on Detainee Treatment
No, We Do Not Need New Terrorism Laws


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Reflecting on the year that was
California, Caregiving, Changing Companies, Changing Culture, Changing Laws & Policy, Corporate Policy, Equity, Federal Policy, New York, Power, Safety, State Policy, TIME'S UP 2020, TIME'S UP Advertising, TIME'S UP Entertainment, TIME'S UP Healthcare, TIME'S UP Impact Lab, TIME'S UP Legal Defense Fund, We Have Her Back
Every year has its defining moments, but 2020 has had more paradigm-shifting events than we could possibly list here: a global pandemic, a catastrophic economic downturn, an historic movement for racial justice, record-breaking mass mobilizations, record unemployment, blazing wildfires, and the loss of legends and heroes — to name a few.
Even so, the unyielding strength and courage of women of all kinds shone through: 'silence breakers' and survivors, confronting unrepentant abusers and their enablers head-on. Frontline workers, risking their own health and that of their loved ones, to care for the sick, feed our communities, deliver our mail, and meet other essential needs. Caregivers, whose work — underpaid and often unpaid — has only multiplied since the pandemic. Organizers, who took to the streets, courts, city halls, and state houses to demand policy and action in defense of Black lives. And women in politics who broke barriers and shattered glass ceilings — not the least of whom is our country's very first Madame Vice President-elect, Kamala Harris.
Through it all, TIME'S UP and our supporters have been there — supporting survivors in their search for justice; making inequality at work unacceptable, and seizing this moment for gender equity.
Supporting Survivors in their Search for Justice
It's a pretty basic idea: everyone should be safe at work, without fearing that they'll be harassed, assaulted or discriminated against. Yet every day, survivors come forward with stories of harassment, assault, or retaliation they have endured at work, simply by trying to do their jobs.
The outpouring of support I received from strangers who saw my story was breathtaking. Hearing that my voice can help give strength to others is amazing and that wouldn't be possible without [TIME'S UP] working to help me.
—Tunisha Singleton
Sex harassment survivor
Since its launch in January 2018, the TIME'S UP Legal Defense Fund has heard from thousands of people facing workplace sex harassment and retaliation in every state, industry, and type of job. Housed at the National Women's Law Center Fund, the TIME'S UP Legal Defense Fund was our very first initiative. It provides connections to attorneys and helps to pay for legal fees and media assistance in select cases of workplace sexual harassment. The Fund prioritizes assisting in cases involving workers in low-paying jobs who have always, and still do, bear the brunt of workplace sexual harassment and assault, and cases that have the potential to set significant legal or cultural precedent.
Tunisha Singleton, Sarah Tremblay, Alexia Norton Jones, Washington Football Team workers, whistleblowers in the military, survivors of Harvey Weinstein's abuse, and fast food workers are just some of the hundreds of workers the TIME'S UP Legal Defense Fund has provided with legal and storytelling support.
Because of their courage and strength, one thing is clear: we're never going back to the days where sexual harassment will remain hidden in the shadows.
"I was devastated. I was mortified. And I felt dehumanized, belittled. And this snowballed," said Tunisha Singleton, a survivor or sex harassment whose case is supported by the TIME'S UP Legal Defense Fund.
TIME'S UP also rallies our supporters behind survivors of workplace harassment when they step forward. We produce resources and programs to help workers know their rights and to diversify and demystify key industries that serve as a model for others. We use our bully pulpit to call on companies and government leaders to enact policies and practices that support survivors and whistleblowers who come forward. Our experts and advocates in law and health care debunk the myths and misinformation about sexaul trauma that have historically prevented survivors, especially Black survivors, from access to justice.
The sea change catalyzed by these survivors has been nothing short of extraordinary. In February, Harvey Weinstein, whose predatory behavior helped ignite the global #MeToo movement, was convicted of sexual assault — a legal triumph not just for the women who testified and spoke out against him, but for survivors everywhere. The thousands of survivors stepping forward are also helping change the culture that allowed behavior like Weinstein's to go on unchecked. For example, an independent CBS News poll found that more than half (52 percent) of young men 18-29 say we have helped them rethink how men behave toward women and 29 percent of working women say they're more likely to report sexual harassment in the workplace than they were before #MeToo went viral and TIME'S UP was formed.
Making Inequality in the Workplace Unacceptable
At the same time, we work tirelessly to disrupt the power imbalances in our culture, at companies, and throughout our laws that breed sex harassment and other forms of discrimination in the first place.
And if our nation's epidemic of sexual harassment in the workplace wasn't enough, the global COVID-19 pandemic, economic crisis, and ongoing uprisings for racial justice have highlighted and amplified these underlying issues.
My hope is, not just that [#MeToo] is here to stay, but that it is as effective for the woman who works as a maid in a hotel as it is for Hollywood stars.
—Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Download the TIME'S UP Guide to Working in Entertainment by texting SAFESETS to 306-44.
The unprecedented health and economic crises we're facing are bringing to light the many ways that our society has failed women — especially women of color and low-paid women — for generations. We see it in the struggles of women workers on the frontlines, who put their health at risk to feed their families, and the hundreds of thousands of women who have dropped out of the labor force to provide care to their children, elderly relatives, and loved ones with disabilities.
At all these pivotal moments and more, TIME'S UP showed up. We collected and shared stories from women on the front lines of the pandemic to ensure their voices and experiences were heard. We mobilized the TIME'S UP community to deliver heartfelt thank you messages to health care workers in our network and throughout the country. We called on our supporters to rally behind the fight for racial justice re-ignited by the killing of Breonna Taylor, George Floyd, and so many other Black lives by the police.
We created new tools to help employers take concrete steps to advance gender and racial equity in their workplaces. By tapping into a cross-section of diversity and inclusion experts, researchers, and leaders from over 20 companies with over 700,000 people working across a variety of high-impact industries, TIME'S UP was able to gather key data, insights, and recommendations for prioritizing diversity and inclusion into the urgent decisions companies, large and small, are facing now.
Read the TIME'S UP Guide to Equity and Inclusion During Crisis by texting LEADERS to 306-44.
We partnered with LUNA Bar on a national survey showing the impact of COVID-19 on the pay gap and women's financial security. Among the key findings: eight in 10 survey respondents say that pay equity for women is just as or more important right now as the COVID-19 crisis unfolds.
We are helping drive diversity among the gatekeepers of culture through our CRITICAL database of more than 700 diverse entertainment critics and journalists and by continuing to push for more women in the director's chair. And we came together as survivors and advocates to develop unprecedented resources to promote safety in the entertainment industry.
And because we sadly know this is just the beginning of the story, we've launched a five year initiative, Time's Up, Measure Up, to study the impact of gender and racial inequities that have only grown with the COVID-19 crisis. Funded with the early and critical support of Pivotal Ventures, the initiative fills critical knowledge gaps, drawing on quantitative data, qualitative research, and individual stories to help us understand — and thus, solve — these problems. This will provide the critical information necessary so our society rebuilds from these crises in ways that truly measure up to what women need and deserve to thrive.
Seizing Momentum for Gender Equity
Amid a pandemic that has exacerbated gender and racial inequities — and the persistence of sexual harassment and other forms of discrimination in the workplace and in our society at large — TIME'S UP Now has fought for policies to support survivors' rights, advance gender equity, and create a more just economic recovery.
The #MeToo and TIME'S UP movements have continued to catalyze the advancement of public policies to protect workers from sexual harassment and other forms of gender discrimination. TIME'S UP also works to provide greater economic opportunity to women workers up and down the wage scale, taking on issues like the gender and racial pay gap and caregiving. Amidst an unprecedented caregiving crisis that is jeopardizing decades of women's gains in the workforce, TIME'S UP Now was part of the coalition that pushed Congress to pass emergency paid sick days and paid leave in response to COVID-19. We continue to press for policies that will permanently expand paid leave for all workers and will ensure caregiving in all its forms — paid family and medical leave, child care, and long term care — is available and affordable, and that caregivers are treated and paid fairly.
Where the federal government has fallen short, many states have led the way. More than 19 states have enacted new protections against workplace harassment and 16 states have enacted new pay equity laws in the last three years. An additional 10 states since our founding have passed bills or orders expanding rights and accommodations for pregnant workers — a critical intervention to help close the gender pay gap. And in response to the caregiving crisis, many states are responding to the needs of parents and families with creative strategies and proposals to help care providers and the families who need child care.
And in an historic election cycle, with an unprecedented number of women and women of color who ran for (and won!) election to office, TIME'S UP and a coalition of allies launched the We Have Her Back campaign to call out sexist and racist news coverage about women candidates across parties and across the country. And we partnered with FORTUNE Magazine to give women's policy priorities like pay equity, sexual harassment, and child care, the coverage they deserve.
TIME'S UP will continue to call out sexism and racism in the media when we see it. Because today and always, #WeHaveHerBack.
We end this year at a transformational moment, where the inequities that underrepresented communities have faced for generations have been exposed for everyone to see. Now is the time to have fair wages for caregivers and build the infrastructure so everyone can access safe and affordable care for their loved ones. Now is the time to eliminate the persistent gender wage gap that keeps women, especially women of color, in poverty. And now is the time to build a world where sexual harassment does not occur, which means building workplaces that are safe, fair, and dignified for everyone.
With your continued partnership, TIME'S UP will help get us there.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This practical, accessible guide to using CBD-dominant cannabis contains a wealth of information for both first-time explorers and experienced patients who want to know more about safely treating a number of health conditions with remarkable results and low to no psychoactivity or negative side effects. CBD (cannabidiol) is a component of cannabis that can provide relief for conditions such as seizures, pain, inflammation, anxiety, depression, arthritis, and a number of other issues. This book offers guidance on various forms of the medicine such as oil infusions, alcohol-based tinctures, capsules, and CO2 concentrated extracts. The information is organized by health condition and also by recommended CBD-rich strains, which do not produce the "highs" associated with THC. With dosage suggestions, potential side effects and contraindications, and the pharmacology of the plant, this is an essential guide for both doctors and patients looking for a nontoxic alternative to opiate-based pain medications and other pharmaceuticals.
While cannabis has been used for medicinal and recreational purposes for thousands of years, only in the last fifty years have scientists begun to shed light on the chemistry of the plant and its interactions with the human body. Research has led to the discovery of a whole new system in the body, the endocannabinoid system, which plays a role in mediating functions such as appetite, immunity, mood, pain response, and memory. The authors present case studies, interviews with doctors who prescribe cannabidiol products, and the latest research regarding other active phytocannabinoids and terpenoids present in cannabis that are being studied for medical use. They also address the difference between CBD products derived from industrial hemp or in a lab, versus those made from medical marijuana using the whole plant.
In addition to offering the most up-to-date and comprehensive information on CBD-dominant cannabis therapy for humans, this book is the first to offer guidance for using the medicine for animals, with suggestions for dosage and delivery and useful forms and strains for common health issues in pets. Finally, the authors take a look at the future of cannabis medicine, charting trends in the legalization movement and suggesting how CBD might be used to fight the opioid epidemic.


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Q: Django Blog Adding published_date field to new posts and ability to login as non-admin The tutorial I'm following: http://tutorial.djangogirls.org/en/django_orm/README.html
I got through it all the way to step 21.  However, when I click the + button in the corner for a new post it lets me add it and validates the empty fields.  But it doesn't add the post to the list of posts.  Everything else works, i can edit forms fine, they save and display.  But when I add the post with the + button in the top right I can only see it in the /admin part of the site.  It doesn't show up on the main page of the si
EDIT:
By reading https://github.com/DjangoGirls/tutorial-extensions/blob/master/homework/README.md the tutorial extensions, I discovered that it is intentional that the posts without a published_date are not shown.
My question now is how to add a published_date field that is filled for non-admins, as well as how to allow for a user to login as a non admin author when posting without visiting the admin part of the site at all.
I know my question devolved into more of a "how do i do X?"  But I don't need an exact answer, just some guidance.
Someone familiar with django would probably be able to answer the question easily.

A: To automaticly add a date to you post you only have to add an option to you model:
class Post(models.Model):
    author = models.ForeignKey('auth.User')
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    text = models.TextField()
    created_date = models.DateTimeField(
            default=timezone.now)
    published_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True,
            blank=True, null=True)

    def publish(self):
        self.published_date = timezone.now()
        self.save()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/ref/models/fields/#datetimefield
published_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True
                blank=True, null=True)
Or just auto_now if you want to update the date whenever the model is saved / updated
On the other hand there is a publish function, which porvides this functionality. You could also add a button where you call this function and it will fill out the date for you, when you publish the post.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We've all heard and read the reports and research that Millennials like and want feedback. In fact, Millennials want a stream of constant feedback. But feedback isn't just for Millennials. It's for everyone.
Your staff, your coworkers or team members, your donors and constituents—they all need feedback. It is a vital part of communication and if you aren't giving or receiving feedback on a regular basis, you might be missing out on important information from your stakeholders or opportunities to stretch and grow as an organization. Let's take a look at why we should give (and get!) feedback, how often you should give (or ask!) for it, and what kind of feedback is appropriate.
Feedback allows individuals and organizations a chance to get better at what they do and who they are. It's that simple! Feedback allows us to grow personally and professionally. And in today's fast-paced market, whether you are a for profit or non profit organization, if you stop growing, you become outdated and obsolete. Feedback is essential to an organization's future.
But just as giving feedback is vital, so is receiving it. Particularly for non profits churches and ministries, listening to the feedback and responses of their donors, members and constituents is critical to their success. If your donors are not happy with you, don't feel that they are being communicated with properly or aren't being heard, they will stop giving. Listening to them, hearing their feedback and providing them with continuous opportunities to give feedback will allow you to keep moving forward and remain impactful in your ministry.
What kind of feedback is appropriate?
Feedback can get a bad rap. Most think of feedback as criticism or an attack. In actuality, criticism is just one form of feedback—and one that we don't advise giving. Now, we aren't saying that constructive criticism shouldn't be given, because it certainly should! This is how we stretch and grow as people and as organizations. But feedback, whether positive or constructive, should always be given (and taken!) with an open mind and a servant's heart. As a manager or leader, your feedback should encourage your employees to grow in order to meet the challenges before them.
So what kind of feedback should you give?
Constructive criticism: If you aren't doing your job well, whether that's serving your team members, clients, donors or advocates, you probably want to know about it so you can fix it, right? Constructive criticism is a necessary component for a healthy, two-way relationship. It shouldn't be a negative rant or tirade.
Think about product or service reviews that you read online when someone is unhappy with a purchase: "This was a horrible purchase. Biggest waste of money!! Don't recommend this AT ALL!!!" We see this all the time, but that doesn't make it right or effective. As a customer and as an organization, think about this type of feedback. There are no specific details about why this product was bad and it doesn't include any suggestions for improvements. Without constructive criticism and feedback, that individual, ministry or organization will never have an opportunity to get better at what they do. As a manager, leader, team member or even customer, think about how you can provide specific feedback on why something didn't work and how it can be improved or made better.
Positive affirmation: When was the last time you told your team thank you or sent your donor a handwritten note to tell them how much you appreciate them? Positive affirmation is an important type of feedback—and one that you should absolutely give! It motivates, inspires and builds confidence and affinity for your organization. Don't forget to take time regularly to affirm your team and constituents about the value they bring to the table, whether it's their talent and skill set or the valuable contribution they make to your organization on an annual basis through donations, event attendance or purchases. You'll build greater commitment and cultivate deeper relationships when you make it a point to affirm or express your appreciation for those you serve and serve with.
How often should you give it?
Just as you are conducting annual reviews for your employees and team members and providing that constant stream of feedback we mentioned earlier, you should also be providing feedback and updates on a regular basis to your donors, members ad constituents!
An annual report is one way you can share this type of feedback. This can be in a variety of formats, such as a year end recap video presented to your church members of all the fantastic stories, lives changed or volunteer work from that year. A written annual donor report is a great way to provide feedback specifically to donors on the impact of their dollars These reports typically encapsulate the previous year's fundraising efforts, including how much was raised, what projects were completed or started because of those funds and how those funds were allocated across the ministry or organization. But just as Millennials prefer constant feedback on their performance, your audience and fans also like to see regular updates on your activities, culture, projects or initiatives. In addition to an annual or yearly report, provide quarterly print or email newsletters with seasonal information on what's happening across your organization and social media updates on real-time events or stories.
Now that you've given feedback, don't forget to ask for your customers and followers' feedback. Did your church members enjoy a particular sermon series? Could your event have been improved? Is your website's donation page easy to navigate? Is there a way it could be simplified? Want to know what your Facebook or Twitter followers thought about that story you shared? ASK FOR IT. Ask for feedback on your website. Encourage conversations on social media. Call your members, customers, donors and get their input.
Feedback doesn't have to be scary or saved for annual reviews. And it certainly isn't exclusive to Millennials! So go ahead. Start giving (and asking for!) feedback from your team and from your audience on a regular basis—we promise you'll be better for it.


The engine stop log is on only Linux. This feature is in NuoDB releases 2.2.1.17 and later.
The engine stop log file is for the nuoengine service. The nuoengine service ensures that when the machine is shut down then NuoDB database processes (TEs and SMs) shut down before the local broker or agent shut down.


Perfect for everyday use, these personalized note cards are accented with playful dotted border. Monogram with one of our dog silhouettes below (shown here with a Smooth Fox Terrier) and your name or initials (try our Font Previewer); reverse side is blank for additional writing space. Available in six colors as shown. Includes white envelopes.


· Alopecia areata is a hair-loss condition which usually affects the scalp.
· Alopecia areata typically causes one or more patches of hair loss.
· Alopecia areata tends to affect younger individuals, both male and female.
· An autoimmune disorder, in which the immune system attacks hair follicles, is believed to cause alopecia areata.
· It can, however, sometimes affect other areas of the body.
· Hair loss tends to be rather rapid and often involves one side of the head more than the other.
· Alopecia areata affects both males and females. This type of hair loss is different than male-pattern baldness, an inherited condition.
The most common pattern is one or more spots of hair loss on the scalp.
There is also a form of more generalized thinning of hair referred to as diffuse alopecia areata throughout the scalp.
Less frequently, the loss of all of the hairs on the entire body, called alopecia universalis, occurs.
Sometimes the hair loss can involve the male beard, a condition known as alopecia areata barbe.


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https://www.barrons.com/news/surprise-end-to-trump-bolsonaro-visit-a-covid-19-cluster-01584226506
Surprise end to Trump-Bolsonaro visit: a COVID-19 cluster
Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, pictured in Brasilia March 13, 2020, made a US visit that looks like an infection cluster in the coronavirus pandemic
Sergio LIMA
At least five Brazilians who traveled with President Jair Bolsonaro on a US visit including meetings with his counterpart Donald Trump, have tested positive for COVID-19, officials and media reports said Saturday.
The far-right leader's four-day trip to south Florida, which included a swanky dinner last Saturday at a Trump golf resort, had a surprise outcome: it appears to have become an infection cluster in the coronavirus pandemic.
At least six people involved -- the five Brazilians, plus Miami Mayor Francis Suarez -- have now tested positive for COVID-19.
That has led Trump and Bolsonaro, who had both been criticized for downplaying the gravity of the outbreak, to get tested themselves.
Other top officials have meanwhile gone into self-quarantine.
After the Brazilian government revealed Thursday that Bolsonaro's communications chief, Fabio Wajngarten, had been infected, a string of others on the trip tested positive.
Bolsonaro's lawyer, Karina Kufa, and Senator Nelsinho Trad announced their positive test results on Twitter. The Brazilian embassy in Washington tweeted that Bolsonaro's appointee for ambassador to the US, Nestor Forster, was infected as well.
A businessman who was on the trip has also tested positive, asking that his identity not be revealed, newspaper Folha de Sao Paulo reported.
Mayor Suarez, who met with the Brazilian delegation Monday, announced his test result in a video message Friday.
Others involved have gone into self-quarantine, including US Senators Lindsey Graham and Rick Scott.
Numerous members of the Brazilian delegation are still awaiting test results, including Foreign Minister Ernesto Araujo.
The minister "is at his home in Brasilia in isolation," and his test results are expected Saturday, the foreign ministry told AFP in an email.
Bolsonaro announced Friday his test result had come back negative, in a Facebook post he accompanied with a picture of himself making an obscene arm gesture.
Health Minister Luis Enrique Mandetta has recommended Bolsonaro undergo two additional tests and isolate himself for two weeks, in line with the ministry's own protocols, a spokesman said.
Trump, who initially said he did not need to be tested, said Saturday he had decided to go ahead with the test, after all, and would have the results in a day or two.
jhb/mdl


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TV Review - Life in Pieces (Premiere Week)
Following The Big Bang Theory, this show has the odd standing of not being a multi-camera sitcom. It lacks a laugh track, so every punchline isn't punched up with annoying uproar.
Given the fact that a chunk of the first episode takes place at a funeral, I did have visions of the Fisher family in Six Feet Under. Even though that HBO series was a drama, the Fisher family was a whole lot funnier than the family here.
We first meet Matt Short, played by Thomas Sadoski (The Newsroom and The Slap). He's on a date, presumably a first date with Colleen. They go back to her house presumably to have sex, but Matt is surprised to learn that she still lives with her ex-fiance, Chad, played by Jordan Peele who's basically doing his typical shtick, a non-threatening but pretending-to-be-threatening, black man.
Writer Justin Adler could have made a funny moment out of the fact that due to economics and financial struggles, two formerly engaged people who are still roommates are trying to navigate life afterwards. Yet, Adler has to make it the most ridiculous thing ever with Peele mostly acting as a weird buffoon.
As we also learn, Matt and Colleen can't have sex at Matt's place because it seems that Matt lives at home with his parents. Adler could have made something compelling about the fact that a lot of adult-children do move back in with their parents, and perhaps he will in future episodes, but here the default seems to be just have people other than Matt be weird, naive or clueless to the fact that Matt just wants to have sex in peace and privacy.
In what's supposed to be the second story and a separate one, we meet Greg Short, played by Colin Hanks (Roswell and Fargo). He's in the delivery room with his wife as she's giving birth to their baby. What follows is a commentary on how delivery can wreak havoc on a woman's body, particularly her vagina.
Adler provides some interesting and often, unspoken information here with some comedic content to boot, but director Jason Winer's pacing and briskness doesn't aide that comedic content. The tagline of this show is "One big family. Four short stories." Obviously, it's a play on the family's last name but also a statement that it will attempt to tell four stories every week, and if this episode is any indication that might be too much.
So far, each story feels rushed. Winer pushes things along too quickly that we rarely have time to feel anything or absorb any of the emotions. Most TV shows, particularly half-hour sitcoms tell at most three stories, an A-story and B-story, as well as occasionally a C-story, but that's it. Any more than that and you're not telling stories. You're doing sketches, toilet humor sketches at that, which don't amount to much.
Thirdly, we're introduced to Heather Short, played by Betsy Brandt (Breaking Bad and Masters of Sex). She's in the front passenger seat as her husband drives her and their three children up to a college, so that their eldest son can tour the school for the weekend. Like with the previous two sketches, this is all about sex, sex that their virginal ginger of a son isn't having as well as the sex that she and her frustrated spouse also aren't having.
This third segment does lead to what is the funniest and most interesting moment of this first episode. Back in their hotel room, the parents have to deal with their middle child telling their third child that Santa Claus isn't real. Their third child who is also their youngest daughter then asks if the Easter Bunny or the Tooth Fairy is real, and the parents tell her the truth. The youngest daughter then asks if God is real, and it's a great moment, funny because it was smart and didn't do the obvious, which is play on toilet or sex humor.
The fourth and final sketch introduces John and Joan Short, played respectively by James Brolin (Marcus Welby, M.D. and The Reagans) and two-time, Oscar winner Dianne Wiest. John decides to celebrate his 70th birthday by throwing himself a funeral. It's ridiculous and the only good part about it is Joan calling it out for being ridiculous.
The sketch does lay the groundwork for future issues the individual, family members will face. It essentially makes the final segment a glorified teaser, which the episode overall didn't need. Even as bad as the Americanized version was, I would have preferred a structure like The Slap, which focused on one individual per episode, not this mash-up.
Two Stars out of Five.
Rated TV-14-D.
Running Time: 30 mins.
Mondays at 8:30PM on CBS.
Note: This show is being reviewed as part of a series of one-episode reviews during premiere week, which for the major TV networks runs from late September to early October.
TV Review - Heroes Reborn (Premiere Week)
TV Review - The Muppets (2015) (Premiere Week)
TV Review - Blindspot (Premiere Week)
TV Review - Quantico (Premiere Week)
TV Review - Blood & Oil (Premiere Week)
Movie Review - The Overnight
VOD Review - Creep (2015)
VOD Review - Naked Dragon
TV Review - Rosewood (2015) (Premiere Week)
TV Review - Limitless (2015) (Premiere Week)
TV Review - Scream Queens (Premiere Week)
TV Review - Minority Report (Premiere Week)
Movie Review - Seashore
Movie Review - Boulevard
Movie Review - Black Mass
Movie Review - October Gale
Movie Review - Match (2015)
VOD Review - Mississippi Damned
TV Review - Fear the Walking Dead
TV Review - The Carmichael Show
DVD Review - Justice League: Throne of Atlantis
DVD Review - Batman Unlimited: Animal Instincts
Movie Review - The Visit (2015)
Alicia J. Rose's Benefits of Gusbandry
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The holidays are over and the new year is upon us. 2008 is a very special year for the Grange in Connecticut and the other Granges in the Northeast. The National Session will be upon us sooner than we think and there is much work to do. After the January planning session of the Northeast State Granges, which will be held at the New England Leaders Conference in New Hampshire, more information will be passed out, including the list of needs for volunteers. I know many of you are ready and willing to help.
The November Pink Sash meeting was well attended as the Directors met with their committee's and laid out their plans for the coming year. You will be able to read of them in the new Blue Book, which should be out at the same time as this edition.
At this meeting I outlined a new procedure for evaluating the Community Granges. There was even a short piece on it in the December publication. All the details will be presented and questions answered at the Pomona Schools of Instruction. The dates, times and locations are listed in this edition and I am sure the Deputies are contacting their Community Granges.
At these schools I will also be discussing some of the programs, aids and policies of the National Grange. Many of them can be of use to the individual Granges if they choose to use them. Remember that the National Grange and your State Grange want to assist you and many policies that appear to be from the top down are actually developed and presented from the bottom up. You, the members, are the State and National Grange as you will be able to see this first hand this year when the National Grange Session takes place in Cromwell, Connecticut.
This is a wonderful opportunity for those of you who have never been to a National session to see the workings of the Grange and how it's policies are formulated. You will also see the Youth and Junior Granges in action. How their contests are used to develop teamwork and leadership in our younger members. So find out what the different programs and contests are and plan now to participate. Your committee members and directors are ready to assist you in your endeavors.
I know you all are as excited as we are and want to do the best we can for all the Granges in the Northeast.


The 4.9 litre 2nd generation stage 3B AGCO POWER SCR engine, produces masses of torque. The maintenance-free Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system reduces harmful emissions and improves fuel economy.
Engine Power Management (EPM) allows for the continuous delivery of power under varying conditions and applications, for increased productivity and lower fuel consumption.
Variable extra power delivery in demanding PTO, field and transport applications and rigorous hydraulic operations mean you automatically get power when you need it.
High power and torque at low rpm ensures high performance, excellent fuel economy and low engine noise.
The MF 6600 Series cab is designed to reduce fatigue, improve comfort and boost productivity.
Controls are integrated into the console and armrest, with transmission, hydraulic and PTO instruments within easy reach.
A slim dashboard and wide expanse of curved glass allows an unrestricted view, ideal for loader operations. A digital display on the dashboard offers clear, operational and functional information and an ergomonic seat provides extra comfort. This cab will give you smooth stability even in tough driving conditions.
Choose from either mechanical or OptiRide Plus hydraulic suspension.
This base specification package combines simplicity, usability and tough versatility. You can specify either Dyna-4 or Dyna-6 transmission. So, if you simply want power and performance without all the high-level extras, then this is the package for you.
Efficient is the medium specification package. Choose from Dyna-6 or Dyna-VT transmissions, a Command Control Armrest and both mechanical and electronic spool valves. Dedicated to delivering increased productivity thanks to key features, the Efficient specification will enable faster work to a higher standard and with more accuracy, with high levels of comfort, ergonomics and reliability.
The Exclusive package is a combination of high-spec versatility and refinement. With Dyna-6 or Dyna-VT transmissions, a Command Control Armrest with Multipad lever and electronic spool valves, the Exclusive offers the best, world-renowned characteristics as well as a few new innovations. Dedicated to customers looking for a tractor with advanced features and functions, including the latest ergonomics and comfort.
AgCommand™ telemetry system from AGCO is a leading edge data recording and transmission tool that allows you to optimise fleet performance by monitoring and reporting vehicle position, history and status. Also, monitor operating costs and enhance productivity.
The AgCommand™ app* allows on-the-go access to the system so you can monitor machinery wherever you are and whenever you want, as well as use the history and report function to run analysis on the field.
Available on Efficient and Exclusive models, Auto-Guide™ 3000 is a full featured, hands free steering system capable of delivering sub-metre, decimetre, and centimetre accuracy.
Guidance systems are proven to offer an average of 12% in fuel savings, as well as time spent on resources, time spent in the field and much more.
The Auto-Guide™ 3000 TopDock receiver comes factory-fitted with submeter accuracy as standard.
Auto-Guide™ 3000 can be viewed via the Datatronic CCD for increased visibility. The guidance application offers a simple way of operation called 'Go mode', so even an operator with no knowledge or experience can be up and running in minutes.
The MF 6600 Series has a muscular lift and loader capability with outstanding hydraulic potential for implements that needs hydraulic drive.
58 ltr/min of oil is available for linkage and external hydraulic functions. Plenty of flow and pressure for lifting heavy equipment or powering ancillary accessories.
100 ltr/min oil flow is achieved at the press of a button, for extra speed and power for hydraulic operation such as loader work.
The Closed Centre Load-Sensing (CCLS)* hydraulic system instantaneously provides up to 110 l/min oil flow for linkage and external services with no wasted power or fuel.
The MF 6600 is highly manoeuvrable in all farm operations, and the shape of the chassis and bonnet provides easy access to service areas.
These tractors can be specified with a fully integrated front linkage system and a wide choice of PTO options. Additional fender-mounted engagement PTO start/stop buttons allow the use of the PTO from outside the cab.


The origins of wine predate written records, and modern archaeology is still uncertain about the details of the first cultivation of wild grapevines.It has been hypothesized that early humans climbed trees to pick berries, liked their sugary flavor, and then begun collecting them.
Self-parking is available in the ramp below the hotel with access to Cedar + Stone through lobby elevator. The first 2 hours are free, please see a hostess for additional 1 hour validation.
For ten consecutive weekends, the Biennial film program will present new moving image works in the Susan and John Hess Family Theater. At once radical and quiet, global and intimate, the selected works explore subjective and affective experiences of the contemporary political and social moment.


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Corticosterone, fear behaviour and plasma corticosterone responses to stressors in Japanese quail : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physiology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
02_whole.pdf (1004.Kb)
01_front.pdf (81.25Kb)
Stress responses involve activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the secretion of glucocorticoid hormones, and can help animals cope with changes in their environments. Corticosterone is the primary glucocorticoid in birds and has metabolic actions, and can affect behaviour and reproduction. Stimuli that activate the HPA axis are called stressors, and stressors can be classified as either physical or emotional. When animals respond to emotional stressors they also experience fear, and the magnitude of a corticosterone response to an emotional stressor is thought to be related to the degree of fearfulness that is experienced by a bird. The great majority of studies have measured plasma corticosterone responses of birds to emotional rather than physical stressors, and corticosterone responses to emotional stressors are assumed to reflect the responsiveness of the HPA axis of birds to stressors in general. The aims of the research described in this thesis were to determine the effects of corticosterone on fear behaviour, reproductive function, and plasma corticosterone responses to stressors in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), both during and after treatment, and to examine if plasma corticosterone responses to similar emotional stressors, and to different types of emotional and physical stressors are related in individual quail. Plasma corticosterone concentrations were significantly higher in quail treated with corticosterone in their drinking water compared with controls during a 21 day treatment period, and concentrations remained elevated eight days after treatment ended. Corticosterone had little or no effect on the fearfulness of quail in tonic immobility, novel object or open field tests of fear behaviour. Body weight, food intake, egg production and egg weight were significantly lower in some corticosterone treatment groups than in controls during treatment and for up to 22 days after treatment ended. Corticosterone concentrations in quail were generally unaffected after 24 h of fasting, so the effects of elevated plasma corticosterone on corticosterone responses to a natural stressor in quail could not be determined. Corticosterone had marked effects on the physiology of quail for several weeks after treatment ended, suggesting that chronic elevations in plasma corticosterone resulting from climate change or human disturbance could have negative affects in birds even after exposure to a stressor ends. There were significant positive relationships between the magnitudes of plasma corticosterone responses to the emotional stressors of 15, 30 or 60 min handling followed by 45, 30 or 0 min confinement respectively in individual Japanese quail. Plasma corticosterone responses to 15 min handling followed by 45 min confinement are commonly measured in domesticated species of birds, and the findings of the present study suggest that magnitudes of responses to this standardised stressor may reflect the responsiveness of the HPA axis of birds to emotional stressors in general. Treatment with insulin and treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were shown to be physical stressors in quail, and doses and blood sampling times determined in insulin and LPS dose-response tests were used in a study of plasma corticosterone responses to emotional and physical stressors in quail. There were no relationships between corticosterone responses of individual birds subjected to emotional (handling) and physical (insulin and LPS) stressors, whereas there were significant correlations in responses of the birds to the two physical stressors. These results suggest that corticosterone responses of birds to standardised emotional stressors such as handling and confinement in domesticated species or capture and restraint in free-living species may not reflect the responsiveness of the HPA axis of birds to stressors in general. Given that quail displayed consistent individual differences in their plasma corticosterone responses to emotional stressors and to physical stressors, but magnitudes of corticosterone responses to both classes of stressor were unrelated in individual quail, these findings suggest that birds may possess at least two quite distinct stress responses to help them cope with changes in their environments.
Wall, Julian Peter


YANGON (AsiaNews): A couple of days before departing for Rome, Charles Cardinal Bo, from Yangon, was asked by government officials not to use the word Rohingya when speaking about the Rohingya people with Pope Frances.
It was reported by Muzzimi News that officials from the Ministry of Religious Affairs in the Union of Myanmar approached Cardinal Bo.
Pope Francis is one of the few world leaders to have appealed to the international community on behalf of the Rohingya people.
Ministry officials asked Cardinal Bo to refer to them as Bengalis or Muslims from the Rahkine state.
Cardinal Bo told AsiaNews that because of the extremely sensitive nature of the topic that he would use the word Rohingya to refer to the issue and then Muslims from the Rahkine state when speaking with the pope on the matter.
He said that the believes it is not appropriate to refer to the Rohingya as Bengalis, as their ancestors have been living in what is today Myanmar for over 100 years.
Cardinal Bo said that he was visited by government officials before he left Yangon and told the minister also wanted to speak with him, but the two never met.
The attempt to censor even private conversations between a cardinal from Myanmar and the pope is a sign that the government is trying to cover up problems.


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Under HUD requirements, it is usually not mandatory that inspectors approve the construction. Manufactured homes, typically referred to as Mobile homes, are built solely to the federal building code (HUD) and wouldn't have to fulfill the code necessities of the precise vacation spot the place the house will probably be erected. The building requirements below HUD code are often more lax. 2. Less Labor Worries - Modular homes are an incredible choice for real property builders constructing in areas of tight labor markets. This ensures they comply with all building regulations and supply an insurance backed assure for complying with improved thermal efficiency requirements. It ensures heat stays in the home and cuts down on time wanted to heat the house. 1. Faster to Develop -Developers who are underneath time constraints will benefit enormously from going modular. Going modular is almost at all times the very best solution to go for real property traders and builders who are taking on very giant tasks. As these properties must be transported in sections, higher distance to the tip site will increase the associated fee to the actual property investor.
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Departments Clinical Departments Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of undergraduate and postgraduate study
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No.1
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of undergraduate and postgraduate study
Department of Hospital Pediatrics with course of Neonatology
Department of Hospital therapy, Occupational pathology with a course of Hematology
Department of Hospital Surgery with the course of Operative Surgery named after academician M. M. Mamakeev
Department of Dermatovenereology
Department of Children's Infectious Diseases
Department of Pediatric Surgery
Department of Radiology and Therapy
Department of Medical Psychology, Psychiatry and Narcology
Department of Neurology and Clinical Genetics named after academician A. M. Murzaliev
Department of Neurosurgery of undergraduate and postgraduate study
Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry
Department of Ophthalmology
Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases with course of Endocrinology
Department of Propaedeutic Surgery
Department of Propaedeutics of Children's Diseases
Department of Therapeutic Dentistry
Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Extreme Surgery
Department of Urology and Andrology of undergraduate and postgraduate studies
Department of Faculty Pediatrics
Department of Faculty Surgery named after Academician K.R. Ryskulova
Department of Phthisiology
Department of General Practice Surgery with a course of Combustiology
Department of Otorhinolaryngology
Department of Faculty Therapy named after M. E. Volsky – M. M. Mirrakhimov
Department of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery
Department of Family Medicine of postgraduate study
Department of Family Medicine of undergraduate study
Department of Surgical Dentistry and Implantation
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of undergraduate and postgraduate studies
1, Togolok Moldo street, Bishkek
Department Staff
Chyngysheva Gamyla Amanovna
Academic degree:
Candidate of Medicine
acting Assosiate Professor
j.chyngyshova@kgma.kg
Apieva Eliza Imankadyrovna
Head teacher of the department
Turdusheva Dinara
Turduev Ulan
Kenjesh kyzy Perizat
Shevchuk Olimpiada
A major role in the training of anaesthesiologists and reanimatologists in Kyrgyzstan has played the establishment of the docent course of anesthesiology and critical care medicine at the Department of General surgery of KSMI, the first head of which was the chief freelance specialist of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz SSR in anesteziologii-critical care medicine, candidate of medical Sciences M. G. Finger
In 1973, under the faculty of improvement of doctors of KSMI was organized a docent course of anesthesiology and intensive care headed by doctor M. G. Finger, on which doctors of anesthesiologists-resuscitators of the Republic passed specialization and advanced training.
In 1976, the course of anesthesiology and resuscitation left the Department of General surgery and became independent. It was headed by M. G. Finger.
In 1987 the course was transformed into the Department of anesthesiology and resuscitation of KSMI, and in 1989 M. G. Finger was awarded the title of Professor.
From 1991 to 1997 the Department was headed by associate Professor A. Sharsheev.
In 1997, in connection with the enlargement of the departments in KSMA, docent course in anesthesiology and resuscitation became part of the Department of General Surgery. the first independent Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care was established on 1 September 1999 on the basis of Kyrgyz State Medical Institute of Retraining and Advanced training. Head of the Department was appointed doctor of medical Sciences, Professor J. B. Bashkuev.
Then, in 2015 the Department of propaedeutic surgery Of KSMA was combined with the course of anesthesiology. As the head of the combined Department was appointed doctor of medical Sciences, Professor A. S. Beishenaliev.
On May 26, 2017, the course of anesthesiologywas transformed from the Department of propaedeutic surgeons into separate Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of undergraduate and postgraduate studies. Head of the Department - PhD, associate Professor Chyngysheva Zhamilya Amanovna.
The following scientific researches are conducted at the Department:
Peculiarities of anesthesia in diseases of liver, kidney, thyroid, oral and maxillofacial surgery and in vascular surgery
Preoperative preparation
Optimization of pain relief methods in various emergency surgical interventions ,in obstetric and sepsis
Optimization of artificial ventilation in severe traumatic brain injury and pediatric septic patients
Clinical bases
National Hospital under the Ministry of Healthcare
1a, Togoglok Moldo street, Bishkek
National Center for Maternal and Child Health
+996 312 31 41 36 - reception
Clinical Maternity Hospital No.6
+996 (312) 31 41 36 - reception
1/2, Togolok Moldo street, Bishkek
Bishkek Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics
206, Krivonosova street, Bishkek
Chui Oblast Joint Hospital
10/2 Saratovskaia street, Bishkek


"Our Elkin" Blue Ridge Medical Group provides Geriatric Medicine to nursing home practices in Elkin and Yadkinville. Dr. Soosis an experienced, caring provider.
Tamas Soos, MD is Board Certified in Internal Medicine and Geriatric Medicine. He graduated from Semmelweis University of Medicine in Budapest, Hungary. Dr. Soos completed his residency and Geriatrics fellowship at SUNY in Buffalo, NY. In his free time Dr Soos enjoys the outdoors, photography, tennis and jogging.
Limited to Nursing Home practices in Elkin and Yadkinville.


The Canterbury Kids Stadium Cuffed Pant in Navy or Black These pants have a full length leg zip making it easy to take off and put on with your boots on! Whatever sport you play this just makes so much sense. A simple concept that just makes life a lot easier!!
The Canterbury Waimak is a quality regular fitted polo shirt with a flat knit collar and cuffs. A good staple casual wear shirt. The CCC logo ie embroidered on the right chest in a contrasting collar.


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Don't use county tax money to aid migrants: Reader
Don't use county tax money to aid migrants; Cruz misleading on estate tax relief bill; when will EPISD admit mistakes; constituents should be heard
Don't use county tax money to aid migrants: Reader Don't use county tax money to aid migrants; Cruz misleading on estate tax relief bill; when will EPISD admit mistakes; constituents should be heard Check out this story on ElPasoTimes.com: https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/opinion/2019/03/01/dont-use-county-tax-money-aid-migrants-reader-letters-to-the-editor/3021051002/
El Paso Times Published 12:28 p.m. MT March 1, 2019
County Commissioner David Stout, the incumbent in Precinct 2, said he agrees with EPISO and Border Interfaith on all their issues. (Photo: DAVID BURGE/EL PASO TIMES)
Don't use county tax money to aid migrants
In response the El Paso Times article, "County considers $100,000 to aid migrants," County Commissioner David Stout should donate his money and not take taxpayer money to aid migrants. Do not force all taxpayers to throw their money in this never-ending expense of helping migrants.
El Paso property taxes go up every year. If you don't pay on time, they add penalties and if you cannot pay, El Paso County will take your house and sell it.
Residents of El Paso County cannot afford more taxes. Let those who want to help donate their money. Don't add more taxes on the already heavy burden that taxpayers are currently paying.
As David Stout said, "It's a drop in the bucket; $100,000 is not enough." It is never-ending!
Stephen Drabner
West El Paso
More: El Paso County Commissioners Court to consider plans for $100,000 for immigrant services
Ted Cruz misleading on estate tax relief bill
In a recent newsletter, Texas U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz described his co-sponsorship of a bill titled the Death Tax Repeal Act of 2019 as a measure that "would finally end this punitive tax that has hit family-run farms, ranches and businesses as a result of their owner's death." This statement is misleading.
In 2017, only 5,460 estates exceeded the estate tax exemption level and owed estate taxes, and per the Brookings Tax Policy Center, only 80 of those (1.5 percent) were farms, ranches or businesses. Beginning in 2018, the estate tax exemption was doubled to $11 million, meaning the number of affected farms, etc., is sure to be reduced. It is dishonest for Cruz to frame this bill as tax relief for "family-run farms, ranches and businesses" when 98.5 percent of the beneficiaries are not.
David Nemir
More: El Paso County district attorney to investigate Trent Hatch's resignation from EPISD board
When will EPISD own up to mistakes?
The recent resignation of the former board president of the El Paso Independent School District, Trent Hatch, begs the question of when is the El Paso Independent School District going to own to its top-level administrative mistakes and start taking a shovel to clean out the skeletons in its closets and admitting to its guilt of defrauding the taxpayers of El Paso?
Hatch and his cronies are nothing but self-serving sycophants doing the bidding of the current superintendent. There is no need for school boards; members are only there to enrich themselves and their friends in top level administrative positions for which they are unqualified.
It is about time the people of El Paso invoke a form of the 25th Amendment for all school board members and the superintendent who are incapable of performing their duties.
Morris Taylor III
East El Paso
Want more letters like this? Click here to subscribe to elpasotimes.com
Constituents have a right to be heard
U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein's recent comments to a group of students and parents are further examples of the prevailing attitude of several our elected officials.
Feinstein told the group, "I was elected," "I know what I'm doing" and "people need to listen." What she was really saying was "mind your own business," instead of "thank you for electing me and allowing me to represent you," and then hearing them out. I don't believe in the Green New Deal, but, I do believe in a constituent's right to be heard.
Unfortunately, this attitude is not isolated to the federal government. We are experiencing it right here at home, with our City Council and at least two of our school boards.
It has become and continues to be government of a few, by a few and for a few, and that's "taxation without representation" for the rest of us.
Bob Ompspaugh
Read or Share this story: https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/opinion/2019/03/01/dont-use-county-tax-money-aid-migrants-reader-letters-to-the-editor/3021051002/
Cowboys owner has record for lost talent: Reader
El Paso Electric sale faces questions: Rodríguez
Why we're launching 'Voting Because': Our view
El Paso Water decision to not move wrong: Reader
De-ICE the El Paso airport, reader urges
City, county ignore illegal homebuilding: reader


Hermes Replica 3. Always make sure that the leather is vachetta cowhide leather and NOT VINYL! The really bad fakes have the vinyl, but the good fakes that are coming out now, have leather handles, but it isn't the cowhide vachetta leather. The fake bags that have leather, the leather won't patina correctly, as the real vachetta cowhide leather will turn a beautiful honey color with time. The way that I see if the leather is true cowhide leather, is make sure that leather isn't white, most fakes that I have seen have extremely light leather, which AUTHENTIC LOUIS VUITTON's leather doesn't come out that white, even if it is brand new from the store. If the bag's leather has already started the patina process, I look around the handles and other areas of the leather. There is a red glue (not sticky) substance to keep the handles together and used around all leather pieces. On the fake bags that have leather, the glue is usually an orangy color and is usually sticky. Also if you can't tell, make sure that there is an embossed line paralled with the yellow stitching, as this is the sewing line, which is found on all leather pieces Hermes Replica.


For massage therapists who care for hospice patients, the work we do is full of ongoing lessons and gifts. I'm continually reminded what a privilege it is to meet and participate in some small way in the lives of our patients — such diverse, interesting, wonderful, ordinary and extraordinary people. There is a bond that develops with physical touch through the understanding that as their massage therapist, I am there to make them feel better. They guide me to the best way to help them and I am there to listen and respond.
I've had the honor of working with many patients with ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Due to the challenges that befall these patients, massage is a service that often makes good sense. When their muscles stop working as they once did, we can help stretch and massage those muscles to make them feel better for a little while. One such patient gave me delightful gifts of imagination and laughter, and lessons about an unfailing positive attitude and outlook that I will never forget.
Melissa was a few years younger than me and had been a teacher until her illness took her ability to work. She was in a motorized wheelchair and was quickly losing the remaining use of her hands when we first met. She had already lost her ability to talk, but her voice was bright and clear in the other ways she communicated.
She was very good at sharing her thoughts and imparting her beautiful way of seeing the world, despite her difficult circumstance. Considering her physical state, this was a surprise to me each of the many times I visited her. She had some nagging pain in her muscles as their use to her dissolved, and I was so grateful that our sessions helped her feel better. She would let me know the specifics of how she felt that day, and always couch the details in thoughts of love, gratitude and humor. She was amazing.
One of the standard techniques that we use in hospice massage therapy that can feel good to an ALS patient is "range of motion" stretches. We guide the person's joint or limb into a stretch to the edge of what is comfortable for them. I do these movements with people almost every day, but I look at this exercise in a different way since my many months working with Melissa.
It started early on in our visits. I encourage patients to keep notes after each session to help inform our work going forward in any way that may improve the next session. Melissa always shared notes about what she wanted me to work on based on where she had pain or stiffness at that time.
Somewhere in the first several visits she started relating some of the work we did with range of motion to adventures I was assisting her to engage in through her lovely imagination. It started with the range of motion of her shoulders and elbows. She said we were swimming in the ocean with dolphins swimming beside us. She described how I was helping her learn her ninja warrior moves in slow motion. Another visit, she told me she imagined we were doing tai chi together in a beautiful meadow of green grass.
There was joy in how Melissa expressed herself in every visit, always greeting me with a big smile and playing a greeting on her Tobii electronic voice generator device. Even in the times when she was not feeling well at all, she would still instinctively smile, sometimes through tears, when she knew I so much wanted to make her feel better.
I looked forward to finding out what new adventure Melissa's imagination may have us on. Even when I knew Melissa's decline was making it more difficult for her to move as much as she once did, she would tell me she pictured us marching for good causes at a protest march or sharing a walk through the Japanese Tea Garden in Golden Gate Park.
We laughed at silly things like remembering the children's game of "This Little Piggy" while stretching her toes or my inexplicable inability to work her motorized wheelchair efficiently. I appreciated her radiant spirit so very much.
As I've come to learn is not unusual for ALS patients, Melissa died before most of the people that cared for her expected. It seems odd that it feels surprising when a patient in hospice dies, but it happens frequently. Losing her beautiful smile and the bright light of her spirit was hard for the people who knew her.
She had her personal caregiver transcribe thank-you notes for several of the people who were involved in her care over the many months she was with JourneyCare. I was taken aback and so grateful to have received one of those cards. It seemed incredible that she had planned one more gift of thoughtful, gracious love. Then again, it was simply another example of her extraordinary grace.
I think of Melissa often as I work, and she continues to inspire me to do better. The lessons I learned from her inextinguishable positivity, her loving essence and her bright imagination will stay with me always.
Learn more Integrative Therapies and living with serious illness.


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Jeff Lynne's
Having worked with Jeff Lynne's ELO last year, ER Productions jumped at the chance to join the 70s rock group on its sell-out stadium and arena tour this summer. With an infamous back catalogue, Lynne and his band certainly know how to please the crowd, incorporating mind blowing visual effects into their relatively rare performances.
Designed by Tim Routledge, this year's tour saw a giant spaceship hovering above the stage, with a sea of lasers and screen visuals beaming around the venue, like a scene out of Close Encounters of the Third Kind.
With a brief to make it bright, the spaceship's unusual lighting rig housed six green Excellent 24 scanning lasers and smoke, which complimented the incredible set list. Key laser tracks included Twilight, Shine a little Love, Telephone Line and not surprisingly, Mr. Blue Sky.
"We used a number of traditional green scanning lasers in the shows including sixteen green SLP units and twelve green Excellent 24 systems, all of which were controlled using Pangolin Beyond software. It has been a long time since we used this many green lasers in such large quantities, but the effect of rigging them onto the spaceship worked really well in context", said Marc Webber, co-founder of ER Productions.
Although the process of rigging lasers high above the stage onto a spaceship didn't pose any issues for the crew on the ground, the team had to be sure that the beam trajectories were spot on before the rig could be raised. Once the spaceship was airborne, ER Productions' crew couldn't reach the lasers to resolve any issues.
"One of the challenges we faced was supplying a complete second rig of spaceship lasers for the stadium shows, which loaded in the same day as the arena shows. This required us to have an additional crew testing and pre-loading lasers onto the spaceship before it was craned into position" continued Webber.
A huge package of atmospheric effects comprised of two Look Solutions ORKA hazers, six Viper deLuxe smoke machines and two Unique hazers, complimented the lasers and contributed to the visual drama.
He concluded, "It's always a pleasure to work with Tim Routledge and Chris Vaughan – the show design and lighting was fantastic and we were really pleased to be part of it."
Photos courtesy of Kris Goodman


I use RadWizard and create 10 WizardStep, each step content 10 textbox and 10 Custom Validation.
I use client function to validate these textbox, like below , the code will help me to find which textbox are repeated.
My question is when step 2 textbox value and step 1 textbox value repeated, the validator fired. I wish each step just only have it validator, each step will not interference each other. How Can I do ?
You may refer to the RadWizard Validation demo, which shows how validation is done for components in the active step only. You may browse its code and scripts used via the demo Code Viewer. In addition, you may refer to the RadWizard Validation help article.


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COLAYCO FINANCIAL EDUCATION ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 2017
The Colayco Foundation for Education (CFE) continues to be a prime mover of the financial literacy movement in the country. In 2003, it started promoting the need for financial education among ordinary income earners, students, migrant workers and their families. CFE delivers its advocacy in all forms of media: bestseller books, seminars, workshops, TV and radio programs and the Internet. These have opened and continue to open the minds of millions of Filipinos on the need to save and grow their savings to prepare a secure future for themselves, their families and their community. This is the Foundation's modest contribution to nation building.
COLAYCO FINANCIAL EDUCATION
COC OFFICER
Philippine Coast Guard Auxiliary Command
BOY & KRIS TALK SHOW
BARCELONA SPAIN CONVENTION
AMBASSADOR RESIDENCE VISIT
SUPPORTERS IN HONKONG
FJC Talk-Community
FINANCIAL EDUCATION SEMINARS
NCR League Coop1
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION LEAGUE
Anchoring at RMN
Capt FJC, Commander, 126 PCGA Squadron
DZMM RADIO STATION TALK
Cardinal Vidal, Rome
YTFC Award
Pres Horta, Timor L'Leste
CFE propagates this advocacy through the conduct of financial education seminars for employees of various institutions and corporations, members of business, trade and community organizations, Filipino contract workers in Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Italy and Spain, and students in major universities across the Philippines.
As the spokesman of this advocacy, Mr. Colayco provides his insights on financial issues affecting the public through various mass media, by appearing in over 600 TV and radio news programs and talkshows, conducting over 100 newspaper and magazine interviews, and by writing over 400 articles in the last 5 years. Today he still writes regular columns in Bulgar (a major Tagalog tabloid), Manila Bulletin (a major English newspaper), Good Housekeeping magazine (Philippine edition), SME.COM.PH magazine (a publication of Plantersbank for its small & medium enterprises network), gmanews.tv (online portal of the GMA News network), goodnewspilipinas.com (a website owned and operated by BBC News business news anchor/correspondent Rico Hizon), Kabayan News (a major publication for overseas Filipinos in Italy and Spain), Illustrado magazine (a major Middle East publication for overseas Filipinos based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates) and many others.