text:
package expression

import (
	"math"
	"time"

	. "github.com/pingcap/check"
	"github.com/pingcap/parser/ast"
	"github.com/pingcap/parser/mysql"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/sessionctx/stmtctx"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/types"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/types/json"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/util/chunk"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/util/hack"
)

func (s *testEvaluatorSuite) TestBitCount(c *C) {
	stmtCtx := s.ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx
	origin := stmtCtx.IgnoreTruncate
	stmtCtx.IgnoreTruncate = true
	defer func() {
		stmtCtx.IgnoreTruncate = origin
	}()
	fc := funcs[ast.BitCount]
	var bitCountCases = []struct {
		origin interface{}
		count  interface{}
	}{
		{int64(8), int64(1)},
		{int64(29), int64(4)},
		{int64(0), int64(0)},
		{int64(-1), int64(64)},
		{int64(-11), int64(62)},
		{int64(-1000), int64(56)},
		{float64(1.1), int64(1)},
		{float64(3.1), int64(2)},
		{float64(-1.1), int64(64)},
		{float64(-3.1), int64(63)},
		{uint64(math.MaxUint64), int64(64)},
		{string("xxx"), int64(0)},
		{nil, nil},
	}
	for _, test := range bitCountCases {
		in := types.NewDatum(test.origin)
		f, err := fc.getFunction(s.ctx, s.datumsToConstants([]types.Datum{in}))
		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
		c.Assert(f, NotNil)
		count, err := evalBuiltinFunc(f, chunk.Row{})
		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
		if count.IsNull() {
			c.Assert(test.count, IsNil)
			continue
		}
		sc := new(stmtctx.StatementContext)
		sc.IgnoreTruncate = true
		res, err := count.ToInt64(sc)
		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
		c.Assert(res, Equals, test.count)
	}
}

func (s *testEvaluatorSuite) TestInFunc(c *C) {
	fc := funcs[ast.In]
	decimal1 := types.NewDecFromFloatForTest(123.121)
	decimal2 := types.NewDecFromFloatForTest(123.122)
	decimal3 := types.NewDecFromFloatForTest(123.123)
	decimal4 := types.NewDecFromFloatForTest(123.124)
	time1 := types.NewTime(types.FromGoTime(time.Date(2017, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, time.UTC)), mysql.TypeDatetime, 6)
	time2 := types.NewTime(types.FromGoTime(time.Date(2017, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, time.UTC)), mysql.TypeDatetime, 6)
	time3 := types.NewTime(types.FromGoTime(time.Date(2017, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, time.UTC)), mysql.TypeDatetime, 6)
	time4 := types.NewTime(types.FromGoTime(time.Date(2017, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, time.UTC)), mysql.TypeDatetime, 6)
	duration1 := types.Duration{Duration: time.Duration(12*time.Hour + 1*time.Minute + 1*time.Second)}
	duration2 := types.Duration{Duration: time.Duration(12*time.Hour + 1*time.Minute)}
	duration3 := types.Duration{Duration: time.Duration(12*time.Hour + 1*time.Second)}
	duration4 := types.Duration{Duration: time.Duration(12 * time.Hour)}
	json1 := json.CreateBinary("123")
	json2 := json.CreateBinary("123.1")
	json3 := json.CreateBinary("123.2")
	json4 := json.CreateBinary("123.3")
	testCases := []struct {
		args []interface{}
		res  interface{}
	}{
		{[]interface{}{1, 1, 2, 3}, int64(1)},
		{[]interface{}{1, 0, 2, 3}, int64(0)},
		{[]interface{}{1, nil, 2, 3}, nil},
		{[]interface{}{nil, nil, 2, 3}, nil},
		{[]interface{}{uint64(0), 0, 2, 3}, int64(1)},
		{[]interface{}{uint64(math.MaxUint64), uint64(math.MaxUint64), 2, 3}, int64(1)},
		{[]interface{}{-1, uint64(math.MaxUint64), 2, 3}, int64(0)},
		{[]interface{}{uint64(math.MaxUint64), -1, 2, 3}, int64(0)},
		{[]interface{}{1, 0, 2, 3}, int64(0)},
		{[]interface{}{1.1, 1.2, 1.3}, int64(0)},
		{[]interface{}{1.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3}, int64(1)},
		{[]interface{}{decimal1, decimal2, decimal3, decimal4}, int64(0)},
		{[]interface{}{decimal1, decimal2, decimal3, decimal1}, int64(1)},
		{[]interface{}{"1.1", "1.1", "1.2", "1.3"}, int64(1)},
		{[]interface{}{"1.1", hack.Slice("1.1"), "1.2", "1.3"}, int64(1)},
		{[]interface{}{hack.Slice("1.1"), "1.1", "1.2", "1.3"}, int64(1)},
		{[]interface{}{time1, time2, time3, time1}, int64(1)},
		{[]interface{}{time1, time2, time3, time4}, int64(0)},
		{[]interface{}{duration1, duration2, duration3, duration4}, int64(0)},
		{[]interface{}{duration1, duration2, duration1, duration4}, int64(1)},
		{[]interface{}{json1, json2, json3, json4}, int64(0)},
		{[]interface{}{json1, json1, json3, json4}, int64(1)},
	}
	for _, tc := range testCases {
		fn, err := fc.getFunction(s.ctx, s.datumsToConstants(types.MakeDatums(tc.args...)))
		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
		d, err := evalBuiltinFunc(fn, chunk.MutRowFromDatums(types.MakeDatums(tc.args...)).ToRow())
		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
		c.Assert(d.GetValue(), Equals, tc.res, Commentf("%v", types.MakeDatums(tc.args)))
	}
}

func (s *testEvaluatorSuite) TestRowFunc(c *C) {
	fc := funcs[ast.RowFunc]
	_, err := fc.getFunction(s.ctx, s.datumsToConstants(types.MakeDatums([]interface{}{"1", 1.2, true, 120}...)))
	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
}

func (s *testEvaluatorSuite) TestSetVar(c *C) {
	fc := funcs[ast.SetVar]
	testCases := []struct {
		args []interface{}
		res  interface{}
	}{
		{[]interface{}{"a", "12"}, "12"},
		{[]interface{}{"b", "34"}, "34"},
		{[]interface{}{"c", nil}, ""},
		{[]interface{}{"c", "ABC"}, "ABC"},
		{[]interface{}{"c", "dEf"}, "dEf"},
	}
	for _, tc := range testCases {
		fn, err := fc.getFunction(s.ctx, s.datumsToConstants(types.MakeDatums(tc.args...)))
		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
		d, err := evalBuiltinFunc(fn, chunk.MutRowFromDatums(types.MakeDatums(tc.args...)).ToRow())
		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
		c.Assert(d.GetString(), Equals, tc.res)
		if tc.args[1] != nil {
			key, ok := tc.args[0].(string)
			c.Assert(ok, Equals, true)
			val, ok := tc.res.(string)
			c.Assert(ok, Equals, true)
			c.Assert(s.ctx.GetSessionVars().Users[key], Equals, val)
		}
	}
}

func (s *testEvaluatorSuite) TestGetVar(c *C) {
	fc := funcs[ast.GetVar]

	sessionVars := []struct {
		key string
		val string
	}{
		{"a", "中"},
		{"b", "文字符chuan"},
		{"c", ""},
	}
	for _, kv := range sessionVars {
		s.ctx.GetSessionVars().Users[kv.key] = kv.val
	}

	testCases := []struct {
		args []interface{}
		res  interface{}
	}{
		{[]interface{}{"a"}, "中"},
		{[]interface{}{"b"}, "文字符chuan"},
		{[]interface{}{"c"}, ""},
		{[]interface{}{"d"}, ""},
	}
	for _, tc := range testCases {
		fn, err := fc.getFunction(s.ctx, s.datumsToConstants(types.MakeDatums(tc.args...)))
		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
		d, err := evalBuiltinFunc(fn, chunk.MutRowFromDatums(types.MakeDatums(tc.args...)).ToRow())
		c.Assert(err, IsNil)
		c.Assert(d.GetString(), Equals, tc.res)
	}
}

func (s *testEvaluatorSuite) TestValues(c *C) {
	origin := s.ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.InInsertStmt
	s.ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.InInsertStmt = false
	defer func() {
		s.ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.InInsertStmt = origin
	}()

	fc := &valuesFunctionClass{baseFunctionClass{ast.Values, 0, 0}, 1, types.NewFieldType(mysql.TypeVarchar)}
	_, err := fc.getFunction(s.ctx, s.datumsToConstants(types.MakeDatums("")))
	c.Assert(err, ErrorMatches, "*Incorrect parameter count in the call to native function 'values'")

	sig, err := fc.getFunction(s.ctx, s.datumsToConstants(types.MakeDatums()))
	c.Assert(err, IsNil)

	ret, err := evalBuiltinFunc(sig, chunk.Row{})
	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
	c.Assert(ret.IsNull(), IsTrue)

	s.ctx.GetSessionVars().CurrInsertValues = chunk.MutRowFromDatums(types.MakeDatums("1")).ToRow()
	ret, err = evalBuiltinFunc(sig, chunk.Row{})
	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
	c.Assert(ret.IsNull(), IsTrue)

	currInsertValues := types.MakeDatums("1", "2")
	s.ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx.InInsertStmt = true
	s.ctx.GetSessionVars().CurrInsertValues = chunk.MutRowFromDatums(currInsertValues).ToRow()
	ret, err = evalBuiltinFunc(sig, chunk.Row{})
	c.Assert(err, IsNil)

	cmp, err := ret.CompareDatum(nil, &currInsertValues[1])
	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
	c.Assert(cmp, Equals, 0)
}

func (s *testEvaluatorSuite) TestSetVarFromColumn(c *C) {
	// Construct arguments.
	argVarName := &Constant{
		Value:   types.NewStringDatum("a"),
		RetType: &types.FieldType{Tp: mysql.TypeVarString, Flen: 20},
	}
	argCol := &Column{
		RetType: &types.FieldType{Tp: mysql.TypeVarString, Flen: 20},
		Index:   0,
	}

	// Construct SetVar function.
	funcSetVar, err := NewFunction(
		s.ctx,
		ast.SetVar,
		&types.FieldType{Tp: mysql.TypeVarString, Flen: 20},
		[]Expression{argVarName, argCol}...,
	)
	c.Assert(err, IsNil)

	// Construct input and output Chunks.
	inputChunk := chunk.NewChunkWithCapacity([]*types.FieldType{argCol.RetType}, 1)
	inputChunk.AppendString(0, "a")
	outputChunk := chunk.NewChunkWithCapacity([]*types.FieldType{argCol.RetType}, 1)

	// Evaluate the SetVar function.
	err = evalOneCell(s.ctx, funcSetVar, inputChunk.GetRow(0), outputChunk, 0)
	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
	c.Assert(outputChunk.GetRow(0).GetString(0), Equals, "a")

	// Change the content of the underlying Chunk.
	inputChunk.Reset()
	inputChunk.AppendString(0, "b")

	// Check whether the user variable changed.
	sessionVars := s.ctx.GetSessionVars()
	sessionVars.UsersLock.RLock()
	defer sessionVars.UsersLock.RUnlock()
	c.Assert(sessionVars.Users["a"], Equals, "a")
}


text:
GOD HATES FIGS
Tweaking a hate group's message by one letter produces satisfyingly weird results
What a difference a letter makes.
Image: Courtesy Dave Dodd
Michael Silverberg
Fred Phelps died in March, but the group he founded, the Westboro Baptist Church, is still picketing funerals. The US group often shows up at memorial services for soldiers or gay victims of hate crimes, armed with signs bearing horrific messages including "God Hates Fags" and "Thank God for Dead Soldiers." The poster designs are crude but effective, like a warped reading of Leviticus produced by the Colby Poster Printing Co. "We aren't about being 'cryptic,'" a Westboro spokesman told an interviewer from the Walker Art Center.
The originals.
Image: Reuters/Kevin Lamarque
Dave Dodd, a student at the Liverpool School of Art and Design, is turning Westboro's own sloganeering back on itself, tweaking its messages from hatred into nonsense. As a student project, he developed a counter-protest kit of posters that ape Westboro's style but change one letter. The results are satisfyingly weird: "God Hats America" could be the title of a poem by Frank O'Hara. "I realized that most of these slogans are one or two letter changes away from sentiments that are vaguely surreal yet just as batshit," Dodd says.
Dodd hasn't yet decided whether to start selling the posters. For now, you can see the whole publication, which includes sign-making templates as well as commentary, online. The Walker's interview with the Westboro spokesman is also well worth reading in full, especially this exchange on the group's design strategy:
Emmet Byrne (Walker Art Center): You write/design your signs to be concise so that they transmit easily through various media streams, but many of them are also slightly cryptic. For example, "Pray For More Dead Soldiers" probably confuses many people the first time they read it. It requires a level of decryption, almost like a puzzle, to understand the logic (of course, once you understand the message, the sign reveals itself to actually be incredibly straightforward). How did you come to this strategy of provoking people with outrageous but perplexing statements and forcing them to make an effort to understand you?
Steve Drain (WBC): Our signs have short, pithy messages on them for two main reasons: 1.) so we can make the words big so that you can see them from far away, and 2.) because we live in the "sound bite" generation, so you have to get after it quickly. We aren't about being "cryptic." We are about being plain and clear (the pastors of this world are the ones who confuse). Every once in a while a sign needs a bit of "fleshing out," and if someone is interested in asking us the sign's meaning or our motive for holding it, we are always good to answer. Sometimes sparking a dialogue can be a good thing, as long as the end of it is obedience to God. :)
Courtesy Dave Dodd
[Via Creative Review]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Justia › US Law › Case Law › California Case Law › Cal. App. 2d › Volume 194 › Allen v. Superior Court
Receive free daily summaries of new opinions from the California Court of Appeal.
Allen v. Superior Court
[Civ. No. 25594. Second Dist., Div. Three. Aug. 14, 1961.]
HARRY J. ALLEN, Petitioner, v. THE SUPERIOR COURT OF SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, Respondent; CLYDETTE ALLEN, Real Party in Interest.
Rogers & Wilcox for Petitioner.
W. P. Butcher for Real Party in Interest.
SPARKS, J. pro tem. fn. *
Harry J. Allen has petitioned this court for a writ of prohibition, mandate, certiorari and habeas corpus. He and Clydette Allen, the real party in interest, were married in Billings, Montana, on November 22, 1952. Thereafter they established their home in Yellowstone County, Montana, and two children, Craig J. Allen, age 6, and Troy [194 Cal. App. 2d 723] Hart Allen, age 4, both boys, were born of the marriage. On July 22, 1959, Clydette was granted an interlocutory decree of divorce from Harry, and the court ordered that the care, custody and control of said minor children and their support, should be governed by the property settlement agreement which had been entered into by the parties. The court expressly ratified and approved the terms and conditions of said agreement and incorporated them into the decree by reference.
The provisions of said agreement, pertinent here, are as follows:
"4. It is hereby understood and agreed between the parties that the Wife should have the care, custody and control of the minor children of the parties, subject, however, to the following conditions:
"(a) The Husband shall have the right of custody of the minor children every other weekend commencing July 25, 1959, and has the privilege of securing the children of 5:00 o'clock p. m. on Friday and returning the said children to the Wife by 7:00 o'clock p. m. Sunday evening, at his own cost and expense, provided he give at least one (1) day's notice of his intention to be with the children. ...
"(b) In addition, the Husband shall have the right of custody of the minor children for a period of ten (10) days a year at his discretion, ... For the year 1960 and thereafter, such right of custody as provided in this paragraph shall be during the summer months only for a period of ten (10) days, and such ten-day period may be divided in any way at the discretion of the Husband subject to the understanding that there shall be no conflict with the weekends reserved by the Wife.
"(c) The parties hereto agree all holidays, which shall include Labor Day, Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Year's, Easter, Memorial Day, and Fourth of July, shall be split equally between the parties. ... [I]t being the intention of this Agreement to afford to the children the right to see and be with each parent during each holiday subject only to a fixed custody in one parent as herein provided.
"(d) The Husband is hereby afforded a reasonable right of visitation with said minor children at such times and places as may be convenient with the parties.
"(e) Neither party will take the children outside of the State of Montana without first securing permission and Order [194 Cal. App. 2d 724] of Court. In the event the Wife resides more than 150 miles from Billings, Montana, then the Husband may accumulate his weekend custody privileges for not more than one month in order to afford the Husband an extended custody privilege with his children, provided that such custody shall not interfere with the school attendance of said children.
"5. After a period of two (2) years from and after the date of the execution of this Agreement, at the request of either party, the terms and conditions of this Agreement with respect to custody and support may be re- examined by the parties in the light of the conditions then existing and such other agreement or Order of Court to change and modify this Agreement may be entered into between the parties or determined by the Court."
Clydette resided in Montana with the two children until May 11, 1961, when, without consent of the district court or of her former husband, she surreptitiously removed the two boys from the State of Montana, and departed without leaving word of her destination. Petitioner immediately instituted a search for his children and traced them and real party in interest to Santa Barbara, California. On May 18, 1961, exactly one week after real party in interest had removed the children from the State of Montana, the father filed his petition in the Superior Court of Santa Barbara County for writ of habeas corpus.
In the petition to respondent court for the writ of habeas corpus it is alleged, among other things, that the decree of the district court in Montana had never been changed or modified and that petitioner had complied with all of the provisions of said decree with regard to payment of support for the two children. Petitioner further alleged that real party in interest had left Montana with the minor children for the purpose of hiding them and secreting them from him and of preventing his rights of visitation and custody.
On May 18, 1961, the respondent court issued its order that the writ of habeas corpus issue and be returnable on May 22, 1961; temporary custody remaining with Clydette. On said May 22, Clydette produced the minors in court and filed her "Return to Writ of Habeas Corpus."
The substance of the return filed by real party in interest is that there has been a change of conditions affecting the best interest and welfare of the children since the entry of the decree in Montana; that petitioner is not a fit and proper person to have the custody of the children; that he has no [194 Cal. App. 2d 725] permanent home other than a house trailer and has no one to care for the children while he is engaged in his employment and that he is addicted periodically to the excessive use of intoxicants. It is further alleged that real party in interest expects to obtain employment in Santa Barbara at higher wages than she could obtain in the State of Montana, in order to maintain a home for her children. She requested an investigation by the Probation Department of Santa Barbara County, stating that she is ready and willing to permit petitioner to have said children during the summer vacation period, provided that he remain sober and refrain from the use of intoxicating beverages.
At the time set for hearing, petitioner moved to strike the said return and asked that the children be delivered to him under sections 4 and 4(b) of the Montana judgment of divorce. After the matter had been argued, the trial court held in denying the motion to strike, that under the decision of this court in Wiedmann v. Superior Court, 191 Cal. App. 2d 548 [12 Cal. Rptr. 832], and the cases cited by both sides, it would be the duty of the court for the welfare and interests of the children to examine the proposed evidence in connection with the proposed change in circumstances as set forth in the return. The matter was then set for hearing on June 19, 1961.
Petition was then filed in this court for writ of prohibition to prevent respondent court from proceeding with the trial of the issues of "change of circumstances," or of a writ of mandate to compel the court to deliver the children to petitioner as set forth under the provisions of 4(b) of the Montana decree, and for writ of habeas corpus to deliver custody of the children to him forthwith, and for certiorari to review and reverse the order of the respondent court on a hearing, or in the alternative, to issue its order commanding the real party in interest to deliver the children to him. This court granted an order that the writ of habeas corpus and an alternative writ of prohibition issue.
In her return to the said petition filed in this court, real party in interest denied that she had left the State of Montana with the minor children for the purpose of hiding and secreting them from petitioner or for the purpose of preventing petitioner from exercising his right of visitation and custody; she again alleged that conditions affecting the general welfare of the children had radically changed and reiterated her charges about petitioner. She alleged that she had not obtained [194 Cal. App. 2d 726] the consent of the court because it was located in the city of Billings, Montana, a distance of 115 miles from Livingston where she was residing and that her lawyer in the divorce proceeding had his office in the city of Bozeman, a distance of 25 miles from Livingston. She also alleged that she had now obtained employment in the town of Goleta, approximately 9 miles north of the city of Santa Barbara, where she received $365 per month and a further allowance of $84 per quarter. Also that petitioner himself, on various occasions, had taken the said two minor children with him outside the State of Montana while on business trips and without first obtaining permission of herself or the consent of the said court. This return was filed on July 20, 1961, the date of hearing in this court.
From the foregoing it clearly appears that at the time of the granting of the decree of divorce, the district court of Montana had jurisdiction of the persons of petitioner, real party in interest, and of the two children, since they were all domiciled in Montana and continued to reside there until May 11, 1961. It further appears that regardless of her reasons therefor, real party in interest surreptitiously left the State of Montana and the jurisdiction of the court in disobedience of its order.
[1] The rule that the courts of two or more states may have concurrent jurisdiction of the custody of a child, is now definitely established in California. (Sampsell v. Superior Court, 32 Cal. 2d 763 [197 P.2d 739]; Leathers v. Leathers, 162 Cal. App. 2d 768 [328 P.2d 853]; Immerman v. Immerman, 176 Cal. App. 2d 122, 125 [1 Cal. Rptr. 298].)
[2] "In the interest of the child," states our Supreme Court, "there is no reason why the state where the child is actually living may not have jurisdiction to act to protect the child's welfare, and there is likewise no reason why other states should not also have jurisdiction." (Sampsell v. Superior Court, supra, p. 778.) [3] "[I]f the child is living in one state but is domiciled in another, the courts of both states may have jurisdiction over the question of its custody." (Sampsell v. Superior Court, supra, p. 779.)
Almost always cited in support of, and as a justification for the exercise of concurrent jurisdiction in custody cases is the rule of "changed circumstances." [4] Based upon the theory that a custody award is never final, but subject to modification at any time, consideration for a child's welfare precludes a settlement of a dispute between parents from [194 Cal. App. 2d 727] becoming binding upon the child. (Civ. Code, § 138; Anthony v. Tarpley, 45 Cal. App. 72 [187 P. 779]; Titcomb v. Superior Court, 220 Cal. 34 [29 P.2d 206].) [5] Since the courts of this state will reexamine their own decrees on the basis of changed conditions, they will also review custodial orders of courts of other jurisdiction affecting the welfare of minors residing in California, and when circumstances require, make necessary modification. (Titcomb v. Superior Court, supra; In re Livingston, 108 Cal. App. 716 [292 P. 285]; Heilman v. Heilman, 122 Cal. App. 2d 771 [266 P.2d 148].)
[6] In Foster v. Foster, 8 Cal. 2d 719, 727 [68 P.2d 719], the rule was stated as follows: "... a decree of a court of one state having jurisdiction, relating to the custody of minor children is under the doctrine of comity prevailing among sister states and, subject of course to the right of the parties to show a change of circumstances or conditions, entitled to recognition in another state."
[7] The change of circumstances rule is not inflexible however, and will yield to other conditions. (Moniz v. Moniz, 142 Cal. App. 2d 527 [298 P.2d 710].) In a number of cases in California, the courts have refused to reexamine custody decrees of a sister state when there has been misconduct or malfeasance on the part of the parent seeking such examination. (Leathers v. Leathers, 162 Cal. App. 2d 768, 774 [328 P.2d 853]; In re Memmi, 80 Cal. App. 2d 295 [181 P.2d 885]; In re Bauman, 82 Cal. App. 2d 359 [186 P.2d 154]; In re Dehning, 135 Cal. App. 2d 635 [287 P.2d 782]; Guardianship of Simpson, 87 Cal. App. 2d 848 [197 P.2d 820].) [8] In Leathers v. Leathers, supra, at page 774, the court stated: "It is well settled that our courts will recognize and enforce custody decrees of a sister state without reexamination of their merits regardless of change of conditions when there is misconduct or malfeasance on the part of the parent seeking such reexamination, by invoking the doctrine of 'clean hands.' This misconduct generally consists of defiantly leaving a sister state, usually the marital domicile, with the minor to avoid its jurisdiction and for the purpose of seeking redetermination of the issue in a more favorable forum. It appears from an analysis of the California authorities that in most cases in which the courts have refused to reexamine the custody decrees of a sister state the parent seeking reexamination was a fugitive from the state issuing such decree, or abducted the minor from another state to avoid the court's jurisdiction, or brought the child into the forum state in defiance of another [194 Cal. App. 2d 728] state's order (In re Livingston, 108 Cal. App. 716 [292 P. 285]), or obtained or retained custody of the child by misrepresentation on occasion of a casual visit and brought him to the forum state. (Foster v. Foster, supra, 8 Cal. 2d 719.)"
In the case before us, petitioner was given no opportunity to object to the removal of his children, or to invoke any judicial restraint. As a result, the right of visitation and of custody awarded him by the Montana decree was seriously infringed. He thereupon pursued his former wife and children and having located them in California, filed his petition for writ of habeas corpus exactly one week from the time she left the State of Montana. The record before us discloses no change of condition in the brief period of one week that real party in interest had been in California, unless it be held that the mere fact of removal itself constituted such a change. [9] New conditions inevitably arise in a move from one geographical area to another but unless they are either expressly or impliedly acquiesced in by the other parent, and allowed to continue to the extent of some permanency, they can scarcely qualify ipso facto as "changed conditions."
[10] As stated by the court In re Bauman, supra, 82 Cal. App. 2d 359 at p. 364: "Certainly, the 'changed circumstances' required by the rule cannot be that the mother has improperly and in violation of a court order removed the child to another state." (See also Stumberg, Conflict of Laws [2d ed. 1951], pp. 328 et seq.)
[11] The rules of "concurrent jurisdiction" and of "changed circumstances" need not impinge upon principles of comity nor lead inevitably to conflicts of jurisdiction. For as pointed out in Sampsell, supra, it does not follow because the courts of both states may have jurisdiction over the question of custody that they will exercise that jurisdiction and reach conflicting results. "The courts of one state may determine that the other state has a more substantial interest in the child and leave the matter to be settled there." (Sampsell, supra, p. 779.) This view was taken by the Supreme Court of the State of Washington in reference to a child who had been removed from California. (Ex parte Burns, 194 Wash. 293 [77 P.2d 1025].) The facts, in many respects, paralleling those in the case before us, showed that the mother had been given custody of the child by decree of court of this state, with provision that it should not be taken from California without permission of the other parent. The mother removed the child to the State of Washington with the consent of the [194 Cal. App. 2d 729] father for a temporary period. She thereupon refused to return the minor, claiming residence in Washington. In granting a writ of habeas corpus to the father, the court stated:
"Whether the changed conditions, occasioned by [the mother's] remarriage and change in domicile to this state, require a further modification of the terms of the interlocutory and final decree of divorce with respect to the removal of the child from California ... is a matter for the California court to decide. Being in possession of all the facts, the California court can best determine the present fitness of the father with respect to the custody of the child, and re-examine its award of the custody of the child, and inquire into the desirability of permitting the father to have the child at stated periods in the light of the changed conditions." (Emphasis added.) (Ex parte Burns, supra, pp. 1029-1030 [77 P.2d].) In the court's opinion, to hold otherwise would encourage the taking of children from one jurisdiction to another, and thus invite interminable litigation over their custody. (P. 1030 [77 P.2d].)
[12] In the instant case the other circumstances which are assigned as "changed conditions" namely, that petitioner is alleged to be not a fit and proper person, that he periodically drinks to excess, that he has no place to keep the boys other than in a house trailer, are all conditions which if true, must have been in existence prior to the time real party in interest departed from Montana. To allow her to litigate such conditions in this jurisdiction, would under the circumstances, be tantamount to recognizing a self-determined change of venue in a forum removed from the locale of witnesses.
From the foregoing, we have reached the conclusion that the welfare of the two minor children will be served best by giving effect to the decree of the District Court of Montana and by causing said boys to be released to petitioner-father in order that he may be afforded the visitation privileges accorded to him by that decree. We are also of the opinion that a peremptory writ of prohibition should issue restraining the respondent court from trying the issue of changed circumstances. It would not be for the best interests of the children to render their custody status inchoate and to subject them to possible interminable and vexatious litigation in the forums of the two states. [194 Cal. App. 2d 730]
[13] The rubric of holdings in custody proceedings, is the welfare of the child. (Puckett v. Puckett, 21 Cal. 2d 833 [136 P.2d 1]; Lerner v. Superior Court, 38 Cal. 2d 676 [242 P.2d 321].) However, as stated in Sampsell v. Superior Court, supra, page 779: "... there is no reason why courts of one state should not be able to 'assume with confidence that the courts of the other jurisdiction will act with wisdom and sincerity in all matters pertaining to the welfare of this child.' (Miller v. Schneider (Tex.Civ.App.), 170 S.W.2d 301, 303.)"
We do not believe that these conclusions are in any way inconsistent with our holding in Wiedmann v. Superior Court, 191 Cal. App. 2d 548 [12 Cal. Rptr. 832]. In that case the writ of habeas corpus was denied upon the grounds that the mother who had sought the writ, had not challenged the order for temporary custody entered in a guardianship proceeding, for more than a year after it was made, and for more than two years after the children had come under the care of the father in this state. We further held that the court did have jurisdiction of the guardianship proceedings and that it was apparent that it would be against the best interest of the children to order the surrender of them to the petitioner-mother.
The writs of habeas corpus and of prohibition are granted and the writs of certiorari and mandate are denied.
Vallee, Acting P. J., and Ford, J., concurred.
FN *. Assigned by Chairman of Judicial Council.
of California Court of Appeal opinions.


A companion volume has recently been published by Taschen (here) in English, French, and German. Hardcover, 11×13 inches, 332 pages, with essays by Corcoran, Albrecht, and an introduction by Luc Sante, and more than 300 black-and-white and color photographic reproductions, $70.
Comments/Conext: Ever since the 1870s, when Muybridge invented cameras to foster the illusion that images could move, still photography and motion picture photography have co-existed as friendly rivals. Muybridge himself kept up with both until his death in 1904, while some of the most prominent cinematographers in the silent era—Billy Bitzer, Hendrick Sartov, Karl Struss—had learned their craft after visualizing scenes and lighting figures one frame at a time.
Man Ray, Robert Frank, William Klein, and Helen Levitt showed that the two modes of photographing could be pursued at the same high level and that you needn't choose one over the other, a practice now common-place in the art world. Others saw cinema as a higher calling, or perhaps just a more involving, complex, risky, and lucrative one. When Stanley Kubrick and Gordon Parks made the transition from New York photojournalists to Hollywood directors, they didn't look back.
Numerous critics have wondered what Kubrick learned during his first career that prepared him to pursue his second. A few exhibitions have taken a stab at answering the question. The splendid 2012 retrospective at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art displayed a fine sample of his early photographs, along with some of the cameras and lenses that he used to make them.
But no curators have explored the relationship as diligently as Donald Albrecht and Sean Corcoran have here for Museum of the City of New York. Housing more than 12,000 contact sheets for a group of 129 stories that Kubrick shot on assignment for Look, the MCNY is the proper venue for such an investigation. Albrecht and Corcoran have also coordinated with the Library of Congress, which bought the Look archive when the magazine folded in 1971 and owns Kubrick holdings of comparable scope.
The Bronx-born Kubrick was only 17 in 1945 when he sold his first photograph (a portrait of a sad-faced news vendor surrounded by headlines proclaiming F.D.R.s death) to Look. The picture magazine was one of many to pop up in the 1930s and became a highly successful bi-weekly (circ. 2.9 million in 1948) that offered a slightly askew view of the world.
Even though almost all the photographs in Look were taken by men, many of the stories, under the influence of the publisher's wife, Fleur Cowles, targeted female consumers. The magazine had a regular feature, "For Women Only," and took care to provide a family-friendly platform for advertizers that did not permit many intrusions of stridulous reality into its pages during the post-war years.
This survey of Kubrick's early endeavors offers a good sense both of his outlandish precocity, a regular contributor when barely out of high school, and of the limitations that the genre of commercial photojournalism imposed on his ambition.
To be granted permission to photograph anyone throughout the most vibrant city in the world—and to be paid for it—must have been intoxicating. New York in the late '40s was teeming with optimism and prosperity, compared to the bombed and impoverished cities of Europe and Asia. Kubrick's subjects—a shoeshine boy, mothers shopping, boxers, circus performers, university students, celebrities—seemed eager to have their stories told. Instead of reacting with suspicion or rage to the presence of a photographer, strangers in the streets were happy to make silly faces for him. His work was liked enough by his bosses that his name was added to the masthead with the January 7, 1947 issue.
The magazine allowed him to stretch out in long-form narratives. "Life and Love on the New York Subway," a 1947 story illustrated with portraits of anonymous riders of various classes and ages, resembles the series taken sneakily between 1938-1941 by Walker Evans, although, as Luc Sante notes in his introduction, Kubrick couldn't possibly have seen this as yet unpublished essay.
One of the perks for a photographer working at a magazine is the change to borrow gear you couldn't afford on your own, and Kubrick seems to have taken full advantage. In the story "Fun at an Amusement Park: Look Visits Palisades Park" (June 24, 1947), you can see him trying out different lenses (long ones for a voyeuristic effect) and ground-level angles (looking up as a man as he drives a long hammer on a "Ring the Bell" strength game.) He had learned how to handle serious equipment from an early age—at the age of 13 his father gave him a Graflex—and the majority of the photographs in the show were done with medium-format cameras.
By 1948 the magazine was already promoting Kubrick in its own pages. The anonymous writer of a teasing article titled "A veteran photographer at 19, Stanley Kubrick makes up for youth with zeal" described how the teenager had ordered his subjects around on an assignment at Columbia University.
I can't share this opinion. Other than an essay on Aqueduct Racetrack, shot in 1947 with a somber palette of blacks and grays—and a confident, improvisational flair—an air of oppressive doom and complex lighting schemes is not conspicuous in his other photographs. The frustrations and dreams of these horse players, men and women, all of them at the track hoping for a big score that will probably never be more than a little one, seems to anticipate the tense setting for the racetrack heist in The Killing (1956), his third feature film and, along with Killer's Kiss (1955), Kubrick at his most noir.
One of the curiosities of the show is how formulaic and sappy many of the stories are. His celebrity profiles of Leonard Bernstein, Rocky Graziano, and television personality Faye Emerson don't contain a single striking photograph. His boxing compositions are static, compared to those by sports specialists like Charles Hoff.
Kubrick was likely asked by his editors to contribute because he was barely older than a teenager himself. He may have accepted to see what he would do with the challenge of staging photographs on a topical theme. The story opens with black-and-white photograph of a despairing young woman. She stands with her back to a white wall on which she has scrawled the words "I HATE LOVE! in lipstick. In other scenes, the long-legged girl is ogled by two high school lotharios as she strolls past.
MCNY should be congratulated for displaying so many copies of actual spreads and magazine covers. Photojournalism exhibitions tend to underplay the importance of these items. Galleries are in the business of selling prints, not back issues of Life, Look, Fortune, and Vu, and so often don't include them at all.
By presenting the context for Kubrick's photographs, one can appreciate how little control the photographer had over the treatment of his or her work—in terms of cropping, reproduction quality, position on the page and within the gestalt of mass communication. Publishers were far more concerned with ad revenue than preserving the artistic integrity of the photographer and his or her images.
As a director, Kubrick was notorious for controlling every aspect of the filmmaking process, spending years in pre-production, demanding dozens of takes from actors, and insisting on final cut. It's not hard to think that he developed this attitude after seeing how his photographs were mangled—and by one of the hippest of the big-circulation picture magazines.
Robert Frank and Louis Faurer, unhappy with the hustle of photojournalism, transferred their energy into personal documentary and into books. Garry Winogrand, at one time a contributor to Look, left its employ without a clear plan other than to escape from the compromises he was forced to make as a photographer for American commercial magazines.
Kubrick didn't follow that route but instead chose to begin making films. The two examples here, Day of the Fight (1951) and Killer's Kiss, are both about boxing as an existential battle. The former was a short independently produced documentary about a middleweight and his brother; the latter was fiction, an hour-long feature that traced the fatal romance between a welterweight and a taxi dancer. It was funded by United Artists—his first foray into commercial movies. Kubrick was cinematographer for both.
The symbiotic relationship of photography and movies is neatly summarized in a Look essay from 1947 taken on the set of Naked City. One of the first post-war movies shot on location in New York, it was also probably the first time that Kubrick had ever visited a feature film set. He photographs the crowds of spectators, lying on cars and staring silently with the technicians from behind the light stands as a scene unfolds. The director Jules Dassin is viewed commandingly from below, giving the OK sign to someone out of the frame. A seated actress in sunglasses receives instruction in her chair. The renowned cinematographer, William H. Daniels, supervises a camera set-up.
It has to have been a heady experience to see a movie being made that he had permission to stand so close to—whose job it was to be there. What's more, the movie had taken its cues from what Kubrick was now doing for a living: It was based, if only in title and spirit, on Weegee's 1945 best-selling collection of photographs, Naked City.
Collector's POV: Since this is a museum show, there are of course no posted prices. While a few of Kubrick's photographs have come to market in the past decade, there are too few sales to chart much of a consistent price history.
Having been a lifelong fan of Kubrick (the film-maker) I'm admiring of his early photographic work lavishly revealed here but find it unexceptional. That sounds harsh, considering the period, his youthfulness and that he was limited to assignment work. It took him a long time to attain both the maturity of vision as well as win the artistic freedom he needed to create his profoundly important films. Everything, including his magazine work, is decent but compromised until then.


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I have an official, proper and website-ey website now!
Head over to shreyasrkrishnan.com !
My piece for the MICA MFA Illustration Practice Blue Show took the form of a dedication to The Silent Sea, the second album of my most favourite-est Indian band Advaita. The first time I've continued an experiment with the scratch technique I started exploring a year ago with Hidden in Plain Sight.
Arun Kale did an interview of me!
Head over to Astray and check out the other interviews too for some very insightful question-answering.
New small picture for Manta Ray. Based on a thought from about two years ago.
Disclaimer: All matchboxes featured in this comic are based on real life matchboxes. None were harmed in the making of this TSP.
Who doesn't love getting snail mail?
Anyone else up for an exchange?
My first Small Picture for Manta Ray. Evidently, the obsession continues.
This year (more like the second half of the year) has been eventful, to say the least. And all in every good way possible.
/ I now own my first Lamy, thanks to P. Writing will never be the same again.
/ Someone spotted me drawing at this gig, and decided to write about me.
/ The girl gang and I finally got started with our photo-blog.
/ Trusha and I started this seemingly never ending, but definitely enjoyable sketchbook swap project.
/ Thanks to Akhila, I participated in Mirror of the Open Road, where my work was displayed as part of the Wilding Festival in London.
/ Rain playlists. Five years running.
/ I made it to Kyoorius DesignYatra, after seven years (more on that later, maybe). Bonus points to this trip for the chance to hang out with other awesome designers, writers and the cutest pup.
/ My essay was published as part of an anthology on design in India, which was released at KDY.
/ I fell in love with the skies and mountains in Ladakh.
/ I got to meet close friends in other cities, about five times – more than half of it thanks to work-travel. Can never complain about that!
/ The Illustrator's Collective (Bakula, Kalyani, Trusha and I) had our first exhibition in Bangalore. I've inflicted veil-vision on too many people now.
/ 15 books to read this year? Challenge accomplished.
Here's to a whole new year full of travel, drawings, reading, music and good food. Hello 2014!
Blossom Babykutty made a reappearance in my mind last night. When one cannot control one's own loffter after thinking up this silly thing, one does not simply forget to draw it out for added...emphasis.
The blue moleskine is my smallest sketchbook till date. The size definitely helped, given the conditions that I was drawing in – extreme sun, or strong cold winds, drawing while doing interviews and making notes (was there on work, remember), or simply on the go. That said, when I was faced with the brown moleskine, it suddenly seemed...huge.
But the show must go on :P I'd used up the last pages of blue book drawing gorgeous wrinkled women at a monastery, and when the performance that we were all there for started in a frenzied blur of brocade and colour, there was no time to hesitate on the first page of new book. Melodramatic I am, but who doesn't have that fear of new-book-first-page?
The Champs, a ritual dance, began slowly enough. The masked monks moved in tiny measured arcs, while continuing to move in a larger circle. Further away, other monks handled the instruments that backed up this dance; cymbals, drums and a loooong trumpet. The dance slowly picked up pace, until all we could watch was the brocade fabric whirling by and glimpses of the scary faces on the monks' aprons. The dance is traditionally performed by hundreds of monks (what we witnessed was a very scaled down version). The performance brings alive to watchers, the sights of ghouls and demons and monsters, so that when they are encountered eventually, there is no fear.
While the Champs performance that we watched was at Chokhang monastery in Leh, the monks were from the monastery at Matho, one of the many villages and towns around Leh city. At the Matho monastery, we spent time with an amazing bunch of women from the Matho Museum Project. I've always known that restoration is exacting work, and here I was able to see exactly the different techniques and research that goes in to this kind of work.
While the women around us were involved in separate activities - one was touching up an old mask, another was fixing the gaps in the fabric of a thangka before she could start on restoring the actual painting, two other girls were literally counting threads on a piece of silk before cutting it to an exact specification - Nelly Rieuf, the project manager, showed us a folder that was their version of a pantone swatchbook, full of locally sourced silk and fabric samples in very very specific colours. She then showed us a box, with tiny vials of powders...actual pigments to restore paintings...malachite, lapiz, real gold. Mind was blown.
Below the monastery, we met some women and children sorting and tying up their harvest of barley. I behaved like the city-child that I am and picked up a couple of ears of barley while trying, in vain, to record a song that the women were singing while they worked. We were offered chai, and I realised it was salt tea only after my first sip. I was taken by surprise, but considering salt tea and yak spotting were two things on my Leh bucket list, I finished a full cup. It tasted a bit like salted caramel.
Chang, the local brew, is made of barley. Tashi Dolma, the eldest of the women we met there, was a wee bit tipsy on chang and totally posed for pictures, and comparing her hat to C's.
Lama Tsering Angchuk sits outside the little passage that takes us to the Kali mandir, collecting offerings of plastic bottles of oil and little bottles of rum. How or why a shrine to Kali exists inside the monastery at Spituk is still beyond me; I will need to do much reading up about Buddhism to understand. The Kali statue in the shrine was huge, and covered completely by a cloth. All we could see was eleven huge arms - six and five - that rose on either side of the veiled Kali. The only thing separating us from the idol, were lines of thin rope with rupee notes hanging on them like a clothes line. More offerings.
Somehow being that close spooked me out a bit, despite the veil.
A traditional Ladakhi kitchen in the home of the first Sonam Dolma (the names begin to repeat after a while). The kitchen is the node of the Ladakhi home, where people spend most of their day getting warmth from the thap, the traditional Ladakhi stove, or simply sipping salt butter tea through the day.
The second Sonam Dolma, in a village three hours out of Leh, was like any aunt, fussing over whether we drank our tea or ate the salad that was put out for us. Thankfully I had a watch on my tea, I was spared the giant spoon of butter she sneaked in to another cup.
The boss and I spent quite a few days here until most of the carpets in the shop had been unravelled and examined.
City-child behaviour part 2. I cannot explain how giggly I was to have eaten a carrot mere seconds after it was pulled out of the earth.
Pangong Tso. (tso is Ladakhi for lake). The most impossible blues I have seen since the Côte d'Azur. Sadly a frightening number of people seem to know it because of the Bollywood film 3 Idiots. (There's even a shack near the lake called Three Idiots Restaurant. Facepalm).
Along either side of the very lengthy lake, are what are termed villages, but in essence are clusters of 10 houses (or less). We headed up to Spangmik, one such village, where the number of tourists and campsites far outnumbers the local population. Spangmik is the last point that civilians with an Inner Line Permit are allowed until on this side. We're told stories of UFO sightings and even a Chinese pandubi (submarine) that crossed over the border - the two halves of Pangong Tso lie in India and China - and threw Chinese flags at the villages along the lake.
Pebbles from Pangong Tso. They remind me of the mountains and the vastness of the lake.
Back at the hotel, we ended our last day of shoot and interviews with Godfather beer (For Sale in Jammu & Kashmir Only) while surrounded by an insane number of fake plastic flowers in every conceivable neon. The profoundness that is spilling over on the book isn't an after effect of Godfather. It is one of the many, many, many quotes on signs all over the roads built on this side of the world by a wing of the army called Border Roads Organisation, or simply BRO. I call these quotes the BRO Code. More of them here >>.
Last meal at our Leh lunch haunt.
The last evening at Leh also meant a final decision had to be made on carpet/kilim purchase. I used the boss as an excuse to happily accept an offer of kahwa, Kashmiri green tea made with cinnamon, cardamom and saffron. Heaven in a cup.
Unlike the day we flew in, I did not get a window seat on the flight out. I had to grab as much as I could of the rationed last glimpse of mountain tops.
Killing three hours in Delhi airport, wondering where the mountains went and if it was all a dream.
Religion is everywhere, the prayer flags are overwhelming, there are prayer wheels at and monasteries at regular intervals, and yet it was never imposing or infringing (like all the other extremist religion based politics). There is a certain sense of peace and tranquility that are acquired on entering Ladakh. I think it mostly has to do with living in the constant presence of humbling grandeur like the mountains. I came back in a state of zen that I have never been in, and quickly lapsed in to acute mountain withdrawal symptoms. Ok I just made that up, but after spending 10 days seeing mountains and riotous prayer flags in every direction I turned, it was quite depressing to return to traffic and Congress/BJP posters lining the roads.
One thing's for sure. I'm going back.
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Invoice Accounting
ElinarAI™ Tech
Supplementary services
Service and trading company – BOS
Mutual Pension Insurance Company – Ilmarinen
The Employment Fund – Työllisyysrahasto
The Social Insurance Institution of Finland – KELA
Contacts & People
Account Manager, the link between customer and company
Milka Peltomäki
Staff interview with Tommi Turunen, Account Manager at Elinar Tommi's happy voice has become familiar to the other employees even though the man himself has worked at Elinar under six months, and not even at the Elinar office. He works remotely from his home office, over two hundred kilometers away from Elinar's headquarters – so […]
Coding while the corona pandemic at the Elinar's internship
Interview with Jonathan Pere, the trainee of Elinar Jonathan Pere came to accomplish his training at Elinar in a very unusual world situation. The corona pandemic had driven most people to work remotely, closed schools, and forced Jonathan to fly to Finland ahead of time from the United States, where he was in a student […]
The Software Developer gets powered with music and nature
Staff Interview with Saana Lukka, the Junior Software Developer at Elinar Saana Lukka from Pori came across Elinar for the first time during her studies at Satakunta University of Applied Sciences (SAMK). She was googling AI-companies nearby for her school task. When there came a time to find a company for her software development internship, […]
Tommi Turunen is the new Account Manager of Elinar
Elinar has appointed an Account Manager. Tommi Turunen, age 45, started to work in this position on May 18th, 2020. His main role is to manage customer relations, execute sales, and develop new opportunities. Tommi has almost twenty years of versatile work experience in a B2B environment. He has worked not only in many different […]
"Well-being at work consists of small things in the middle of everyday life – like taking other people into account."
Staff interview with Miia Sysilahti, the Customer Service Officer of Elinar It was the result of many coincidences when Miia Sysilahti arrived in Elinar over 13 years ago. A young woman studied Information Technology at Satakunta University of Applied Sciences (SAMK) and wondered where to apply for her internship. The traineeships for the company she was interested in had already been filled. Then Miia's mother remembered Elinar, a local […]
The journey of Software Designer becoming Marketing Manager
Staff Interview with Leena Tähti, the Marketing Manager of Elinar In September 2019, Leena Tähti returned to work from her maternity leave. Meanwhile, her career at Elinar turned 10 years. Leena has accomplished a lot at Elinar, even if her journey to becoming the Marketing Manager wasn't the most typical one. But maybe that exactly […]
Development Director must know almost everything that happens inside the company
Staff interview with Elina Juntunen, the Development Director of Elinar Elina Juntunen has been in the software company Elinar since day one, starting in 1994. The young woman had an educational background from business and food sciences at the University of Helsinki. She was also interested in technology and had a prospect of running a […]
Investing in quality and workplace satisfaction is the key to success
Staff interview with Jari Korpela, Elinar's Quality Manager Jari Korpela started working at Elinar as a Software Designer around seven years ago. He studied industrial management and information technology at the Tampere University of Technology in University Consortium of Pori. Korpela started at Elinar as a summer intern. After his first summer, he stayed as […]
Taija Weckström is motivated by helping others and carrying responsibility
Staff Interview with Taija Weckström, Solutions Team Leader Taija Weckström's arrival was quite a typical way to start working in Elinar. She was studying at Satakunta University of Applied Sciences (SAMK) Bachelor of Information Technology when she came at first half-year of training in Elinar. After that, she continued to work part-time while studying and […]
"Moving together enhances well-being and team spirit" – Ilkka Olli
Staff interview with Ilkka Olli, Elinar's System Team Leader A long, athletic man arrives for an interview. Ilkka Olli (M.Sc.) leads the system team of Elinar, a software company in Pori, for the third year. He takes care not only for his own but also of his workmates' condition. But let's tell you a little […]
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This is the other class we recommend if you are just getting started! It's also a great class if you simply need to polish up your wire wrapping skills. We will learn basic wire wrapping techniques and use them to create simple earrings and chain drop earrings. Mastering this technique will prove incredibly useful in your future jewelry design, as it can be employed for creating chains, pendants and much, much more than just earrings! $30 class plus materials (around $10). 2 1/2 hour class.


Kolkata: Dubai-based high street fashion brand Splash, part of the Landmark Group, will open 15 stores in India by 2010 with an investment of around Rs75 crore.
"We have just opened our first store in Hyderabad and the next will come up in Bangalore by the end of the year. We plan to have 15 stores in India by 2010." Splash CEO Raza Beig told PTI.
Each store is expected to bring Rs12-15 crore revenue in a year. The 15,000 sq ft area allocated to each store is likely to cost around Rs5 crore. The group is not planning to bring in any partner for this venture.
The stores would house fashional apparel and accessories to suit a customer's lifestyle and cater to the middle and upper middle segments of the market, Beig said.
Apart from local sourcing, bulk of the merchandise would comprise of imports from China, UK, Turkey and Bangladesh. "We are not planning to put up any manufacturing base in India as of now. Up to 60% of the apparel will be sourced from China," he said.
Since opening its first store in Dubai in 1993, Splash has a presence in seven countries with 78 stores.


The Autodesk® FBX® plug-in allows all types of data to be packaged into one file format that can be used by most of today's 3D authoring software. Autodesk® FBX® asset exchange technology facilitates higher-fidelity data exchange between several Autodesk content creation packages. Whether you are using FBX within an entertainment pipeline or as part of design production, files are more seamlessly transferred, more data is retained, and workflows are more efficient.


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BMW's new flagship goes easy on the kidney grille, and big on the style
Tags: 2020, BMW, exotic, luxury, premium, saloon, sedan
Dejan Jovanovic 3 weeks ago
The new BMW 8 Series Gran Coupe is a bigger 8 Series with four doors and seats for the family – 530 horsepower helps, too…
The car business is simple – all you have to do is build more cars and the math will take care of the rest. If you offer 40 or so models to the public, the public is bound to find something in there to like. That's BMW's motto anyway.
So when they aren't doing front wheel drive minivans, the Germans in Munich get it right every once in a while, like with this new BMW 8 Series Gran Coupe. Taking the top spot in the line-up as the brand's flagship, the new car is built on BMW's CLAR modular vehicle architecture that also underpins the X line of cars, the 7 Series, as well as the new Toyota Supra in a weird twist of fate.
Since it's the four door model, the 8 Series Gran Coupe is 231mm longer than the two-door version with a 201mm longer wheelbase. So it's big, but it sill measures in below the 7 Series and it's also significantly lower yet wider than the 7er. This is good for looks and as you can see the 8 series Gran Coupe doesn't seem half bad. What's more with so much bodywork to offset things, the huge kidney grille up front doesn't take up the caricature proportions of the 7 Series and actually comes across as the right size. More or less.
This much car also has to weigh some, but compared to the two-door the Gran Coupe only adds 70kg to the kerb weight figure which is pretty commendable. At launch the one to have is the BMW 850i xDrive Gran Coupe, packing a host of M Sport bits such as the exhaust system, spoilers, interior treatments, as well as an optionally available carbon fibre roof. With a twin-turbocharged V8 delivering 530 horsepower and 750Nm of torque, the 850i Gran Coupe does zero to 100km/h in 3.9 seconds and tops out at a restricted 250km/h.
One step down and you find the 840i Gran Coupe, with 340 horsepower and 500Nm of torque good for a sprint time of 5.2 seconds. Once the M department does its thing, this will be a neck and neck fight with the Mercedes-AMG GT 4-Door.
For its range topping model, BMW has thrown in all the goodies including laser lights that can see 600m into the distance, rear-wheel steering, M Sport differential, a host of driver assistance tech, 20-inch alloy wheels, and the latest infotainment system sprawled over two screens measuring 12.3-inches and 10.25-inches across.
The BMW 8 Series Gran Coupe is already available to order with first deliveries starting at the end of this summer, and you can expect to pay at least half a mil for the privilege of a 'full options' model.
Weissach discovers unturbocharging for the new Porsche 718 Cayman GT4 and Spyder
BMW is finally doing a pure M car, and it's worth 600 horsepower
If you like your SUVs to do the work for you, you'll love the new facelifted 2020 Audi Q7
Dejan Jovanovic Jun 27
The 2020 Ford Puma is a frog-eye crossover that forgot what it once stood for
Driven — 2020 Porsche 911 Carrera S
Driven — 2018 Porsche 911 GT2 RS


Dunno if you folks have seen this but googles got a neat map section where you can mess around with sattelite maps.
Heres a few from South Africa and then also for the hell of it Iraq.
If you have an airforce base in your area why not find it on the google maps and post it here.
Some of the imagery appears to be a little dated but still kewl nonetheless.
Lets see whats in your area folks, could be fun.
awwwwww, they blot out 'sensitive' areas. This is pretty coo, though, take a look.
Hey! I found my house!
Very nice! I didn't know of this!


As an orthodontist in St Peters, we treat both children and adults that are looking to improve their smile by straightening their teeth. At Kling Orthodontics we have a variety of ways to do so that include braces, aligners, and removable oral appliances. Our treatment recommendations are customized based on each patients' needs and oral health which helps to ensure that the results are stunningly beautiful.
While wearing braces, patients throughout Missouri and elsewhere, are at a greater risk for developing gum disease. This condition typically occurs as a result of bacteria building up along the gum line. As the bacteria become trapped in between the gums and teeth, it can lead to inflammation, bleeding, and irritation. If left untreated the condition may worsen to the point that the gums start to recede, and pockets in the gum tissue are created. This can lead to further irritation, bone loss and decay. People wearing braces are at a particular risk for this condition because of how difficult it is to clean around the gums. Dr. Angela Kling can show you how to properly clean your teeth in order to prevent gum disease.
As with gum disease, it is difficult to clean teeth while wearing braces, leading to an increased risk of getting a cavity. The metal brackets and wires that are placed onto your teeth create spaces where food, bacteria, and plaque can easily become trapped. At Kling Orthodontics, we recommend that patients use special tools to brush around their brackets and take extra time to make sure that teeth get as clean as possible. Getting your teeth cleaned on a regular basis is another way to prevent cavities.
One of the common problems with braces is the staining that can occur. As people eat and drink, food can gather around the brackets, and if not removed in time, a stain can develop. Additionally, since it is difficult to clean teeth many people will end up with a white spot where the bracket was with the rest of the tooth looking yellow and dingy. This problem is even more common with children since it is harder for them to take care of their teeth and braces. We recommend that St Peters adults have a teeth whitening procedure after getting braces removed in order to remove any stains that have developed during the course of the treatment.
This common problem is something that people throughout Missouri struggle with. It is typically caused by the food that you eat along with an infection or poor oral hygiene. In addition to staying away from garlic, we recommend that people have their teeth cleaned several times a year in order to remove plaque and bacteria that could be causing the smell. People that wear braces or an oral appliance need to be careful to brush thoroughly because things like a retainer can easily hold onto smells.
Dr. Angela Kling helps patients to avoid common problems with braces and demineralization is near the top of the list. This condition can occur due to acid attacking the teeth. People that suffer from acid reflux or eat foods that are high in acid content are at the greatest risk for this occurring. When it does white, scar-like marks can form on the teeth near where the bracket once was. This can also create extreme sensitivity since in demineralization the enamel is broken down, leaving both dentin and nerve endings exposed.
This tops the chart of common problems with braces. By eating something hard, you can cause your wire to become loose. When it does, it may poke you in the cheek or other areas of your mouth, causing severe discomfort. While it may be tempting, Dr. Angela Kling recommends that you do not cut the wire on your own. Instead, visit our orthodontist office to have it repaired or replaced. That way there is no risk of it accidentally getting swallowed.
At Kling Orthodontics, we also recommend that patients throughout the St Peters area take good care of their teeth by brushing and flossing throughout the day in addition to having their teeth professionally cleaned. To learn more about how to keep braces in good shape and how to prevent common problems, call 636-660-0525 and schedule a consultation with Dr. Angela Kling.


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Colin Bird
Colin Bird is Associate Professor of Politics and Director of the Program in Political Philosophy, Policy and Law at the University of Virginia. His research interests include: the nature of individualism; questioning the identity and character of a 'liberal' tradition of political thought; the coherence of contemporary libertarianism; concepts of freedom; the nature of toleration and respect; the political relevance of ideals of self-respect; democratic theory and the notion of self-government; notions of state neutrality and 'public justification'; the concept of dignity; ideals of fraternity; the role of ordinary language in political analysis; and the explication of the distinction between a political 'left' and a political 'right'.
His work has appeared in such journals as Ethics, Political Theory, The American Political Science Review, Philosophy and Public Affairs, and The European Journal of Philosophy. He is the author of two books, both published by Cambridge University Press: The Myth of Liberal Individualism (1999) and An Introduction to Political Philosophy(2006). He is currently completing a further book tentatively entitled:'After Respect: a Critique of Dignitarian Humanism.
In 2001-2 Bird was a Laurance S. Rockefeller visiting fellow at the University Center for Human Values at Princeton University, and in 2008-9 an NEH Fellow at the National Humanities Center in North Carolina.
cpb6f@virginia.edu
Mon 4–5:30, Wed 1–2
Columbia University, Ph.D. Political Science
Modified: August 29, 2018 at 9:00 am


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British Science Association
Gatsby Charitable Foundation
Gatsby is committed to supporting practical science in schools and colleges, having supported the British Science Association's educational programmes for a number of years.
Gatsby is now partnering with the BSA to produce new guidance for teachers on how to embed open-ended extended investigative projects, such as CREST Awards, into the secondary curriculum. At present, most of the students who achieve CREST Awards each year complete their project work outside of the curriculum, which adds to teacher and technician workload. By building CREST Awards into curriculum time, however, teacher workload is reduced whilst students' skills and experiences within STEM are greatly enhanced. This comprehensive guidance will be a valuable tool for any teacher looking to benefit from project-based learning in the classroom.
Our previous partnerships
The BSA has worked with Gatsby to support teachers using practical science through Demo Day, an annual campaign held during British Science Week.
Demo Day aimed to inspire secondary school teachers and technicians to explore new concepts, provoke discussions and generate excitement through running science demonstrations. It has run successfully in hundreds of schools across the UK.
In 2014, we released Demo: The Movie, a 30-minute film which follows science teacher Alom Shaha as he goes on a journey to explore the use of demonstrations in science teaching.
In 2015, we created a new downloadable resource, Demo Insights. This resource is full of ideas and demo insights for teachers, including tips, stories and thoughts from professional science communicators.
In 2016, we had more Demo Day pledges than ever, with over 655 teachers, technicians and science communicators pledging to take part.
Updated: 8th November, 2020
2021: Our most memorable moments
In our final blog post of the year, we delve into our highlights of 2021, including our new 10-year strategy, a British Science Week event with *the* Queen, and take a look ahead to what we aim to achieve in the future.
Equality, Diversity & Inclusion: the next chapter
In 2018, the British Science Association (BSA) committed to an action plan promoting and improving equality, diversity and inclusion in the science and science engagement sectors. So, three years later, how are we doing?
British Science Association welcomes applications to become its new Chair
Our current Chair, Gisela Abbam, will stand down when her term ends in January 2022.
History of Science Scientific Section Recorder (Volunteer)
CREST Awards
Current vacancies at the BSA
Find out about the current opportunities to work at the British Science Association.
British Science Festival
Europe's longest standing science festival, the British Science Festival featuring over 100 events, installations, performances and workshops exploring topics across the scientific spectrum.
British Science Week is an annual celebration of science, technology, engineering and maths.
We offer a range of volunteer roles, and you don't have to be a scientist to volunteer with us.
Media Fellows
Helping bridge the communication gap between journalists and scientists.
Regional volunteering
There are volunteering opportunities across the UK
CREST Gold Award
British Science Week (BSW) is a ten-day celebration of science, technology, engineering and maths - featuring fascinating, entertaining and engaging events and activities across the UK for people of all ages.
Alan Baldwin Barker British Science Festival Campbell culture Daisy Engagement George howard Imran Khan Insect musselwhite Rowenna ryland science
British Science Association is a registered charity 212479 and SC039236.


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Dave Davies: Off Mic
Mass incarceration: the new Jim Crow?
My Martin Luther King Day interview on Fresh Air today is with legal scholar Michelle Alexander, whose book has a provocative thesis: that the mass incarceration of African Americans associated with the war on drugs has created a new caste system in America.
Alexander says millions swept up in the drug war, even those who avoid lengthy prison terms, are forever branded as felons and denied basic rights and opportunities which would allow them to become productive, law-abiding citizens.
Her book is called The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness.
Others have noted the debilitating effect of so much imprisonment among families and communities of color.
Alexander's book explores what she calls "the racial ideology that gave rise to (the drug) laws." She says they were driven by a Republican strategy to appeal to alienated white voters in the South, and politicians found it effective to play on fears of black crime.
Alexander writes that mass incarceration has "emerged as a stunningly comprehensive and well-disguised system of racialized social control that functions in a manner strikingly similar to Jim Crow."
To reverse the damage, she writes, we have to have a conversation about race and attack the public consensus that "drug crime in this country is understood to be black and brown."
I questioned some of the premises in her case in our interview, and it makes for an interesting hour of listening. You can hear it at 3 and 7 Monday on WHYY, and of course you can listen, download, or get more information at the Fresh Air website.
Brought to you by Dave Davies: Off Mic


Engineers often speak of learning more from failures than from successes. In the modern world, there is the expectation that technological systems will work perfectly. Thus, systemic breakdowns can cause society to lose faith in the scientific enterprise. Much rides, then, on the testimony given by the expert witness.
William Hovgaard was an internationally renowned Danish naval architect. In 1901, the U.S. Navy arranged for Hovgaard to be appointed professor of naval design at MIT so that he might organize a special three-year course in "Naval Architecture and Warship Design." In addition to maritime vessels, Hovgaard also was an expert on the design of rigid airships. Displayed here are documents related to his work on three of the most prominent disasters in the early 20th century: the Titanic, Lusitania, and Shenandoah.
On loan from the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
If the Titanic hit an iceberg why wasn't it smashed during the impact? The insurance company was already claiming the cause before evidence was sufficient to make the cause a certainty. Why could they have been able to divulge inconsequential evidence in this way?


Anger is a human emotion. Anger can be seen as a negative emotion or an indicator that one needs to make positive changes in their life! Some of us find ourselves exploding from time to time and regretting it later. The explosions occur because we don't like our anger and we try to keep it inside. It works like a pressure cooker. We can only suppress or apply pressure against our anger for so long before it erupts.
Maybe you believe you don't have any anger. You have succeeded in stuffing or controlling or stifling that unpleasant part of yourself. Everything we are learning about emotions and health tells us it is unhealthy to stuff feelings. Learning to express anger without there being a victim is the key to your empowerment. For healing and recovery or making your dreams come true, the healthy release of your anger is part of the emotional empowerment you need to face and overcome the obstacles in your life. By the same token you don't have to express anger to your loved ones every time you feel it. Think carefully about whether expressing anger to a loved one will solve a problem, be destructive toward someone or if you should think for awhile before you express it.
If anger is interfering with your personal or professional life, you may benefit from discussing this and finding solutions with regard to communicating with others without leaving a victim behind.
If someone you care about is having difficulty dealing with emotions and this behavior is negatively affecting others, make an appointment and come in to discuss improving your life and those you love.


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Чарльз (Чарли) Бреслин (; 5 сентября 1964, Страбан, графство Тирон, Северная Ирландия — 23 февраля 1985, там же) — волонтёр Ирландской республиканской армии («временное» крыло, Западно-Тиронская бригада), убитый в результате операции британского спецназа SAS.

Биография
Уроженец местечка Страбейн рядом с ирландской границей (недалеко от Лиффорда, графство Донегол). В возрасте 15 лет вступил в ирландское скаутское движение «Сыны Ирландии» (). Служил в Западно-Тиронской бригаде ИРА.

23 февраля 1985 20-летний Чарльз Бреслин, 22-летний Майкл Девин и его младший 17-летний брат Дэвид собирались вывезти оружие повстанцев и спрятать его в тайнике, но на Пламбридж-Роуд были убиты британскими спецназовцами Особой воздушной службы. Британские спецслужбы следили за повстанцами и знали об их целях. В троих молодых людей было произведено 200 выстрелов, Бреслин получил 13 ранений. Согласно данным патологоанатома, полученным в феврале 1987 года после эксгумации тел, в двух из погибших было произведено 28 попаданий, причём двое уже лежали на земле, когда в них стреляли. Все трое получили пулевые ранения в голову, третьему пуля ещё и попала в область носа.

Правительство Великобритании, по мнению некоторых республиканцев, действовало по принципу стрельбы на поражения в любых, кто состоял в военизированных образованиях ирландских республиканцев. Семьи погибших обвинили SAS в умышленном убийстве и преступлении против гражданских лиц. 7 мая 2002 Министерство обороны Великобритании согласилось выплатить моральный ущерб в денежном эквиваленте (размер не раскрывался) семьям погибших на основании решения Белфастского Высшего суда.

Память
Гибель Чарльза Бреслина и братьев Девин увековечена в песнях «British Justice» и «Shoot Out the Streetlights». В феврале 2005 года к 20-летию со дня трагедии на могилах погибших был организован митинг ирландских националистов с участием тысяч людей, на котором выступал Джерри Адамс. На митинге североирландскую полицию обвинили в надругательстве над могилами усопших, что отверг суперинтендант полиции Рэймонд Мюррэй.

См. также

Примечания

Члены Ирландской республиканской армии
Убитые в результате операций британских спецслужб

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Cytos Biotechnology AG, a Swiss biotech company listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange agreed with a syndicate of international and strategic investors to raise a total of up to CHF 37 million in equity and convertible debt to recapitalize the company and enable it to further advance its clinical programs. The international investment syndicate is led by US life-sciences private equity group venBio and includes Amgen and funds managed or advised by Abingworth and Aisling Capital. The transaction is subject to shareholders' and regulatory approval and expected to be completed in April 2012.
Lenz & Staehelin advises venBio as lead investor of the investment syndicate. The team is led by partner Matthias Wolf (Corporate/M&A) and includes associates Damian Fischer (Corporate/M&A), Roland Fischer (IP, Finance) and Anna Tomaschek (Corporate/M&A).


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Terrorist Attack in Kenya
~Lynn Matthews, Michael Scott, and Obuya Gabriel
Dusit Hotel, an upscale hotel in Nairobi Kenya came under attack as two explosions were heard followed by sustained gunfire. Witnesses claim they saw four armed gunmen enter the hotel.
Several vehicles have been burned at there have been reports of an un-exploded grenade in the area. People on the scene were being rushed to safety as police and fire arrived on the scene.
The terrorist group Al-Shabab has claimed responsibility for the attack. According to AP, " The Al-Qaeda-linked group issued the claim via its radio arm, Andalus."
The attack comes three years after the after Al-Shabab attacked a Kenyan military base in Somalia, killing scores of people. The Al-Shabab group objects to Kenyan troops in Somalia.
Kenyan police are on the scene and have issued the following from their twitter account.
We will be following up as more information becomes available.


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Exploring the Parks & Nature reserves of South Norfolk
by travelling_han on January 28, 2023 January 18, 2023
A guide to exploring the parks and nature reserves of South Norfolk, a beautiful area of England home to diverse wetlands, woodland and wildlife.
All Travel, East Anglia, England, United Kingdom, Western Europe
Winter at Wimpole
by travelling_han on December 21, 2022 December 17, 2022
A winter time visit to beautiful Wimpole coated in frost and full of Christmas trees.
The Peak District: Matlock, High Tor & Heights of Abraham Walking Guide
by travelling_han on December 7, 2022 November 26, 2022
A guide to one of the best walking routes in the Peak District – from Matlock to the Heights of Abraham via High Tor on a 6mile loop.
All Travel, England, The Midlands, United Kingdom, Western Europe
A Day Trip to Audley End House, Essex
by travelling_han on November 23, 2022 November 23, 2022
A day exploring Audley End House, Wendens Ambo and Saffron Walden on a sunny day in Essex – a perfect London or Cambridge day trip!
All Travel, England, London & The South, United Kingdom, Western Europe
A Weekend in Dedham Vale: exploring Constable Country
by travelling_han on November 16, 2022 November 9, 2022
A postcard perfect weekend in Dedham Vale, exploring 'Constable Country', the inspiration for the famous artist. It's easy to see why – read on to find out more.
North York Moors: Thornton-le-Dale Walk
by travelling_han on August 31, 2022 July 30, 2022
A beautiful and easy walk from picturesque Thornton-le-Dale to historic Ellerburn, situated within the North York Moors National Park.
All Travel, England, The North, United Kingdom, Western Europe
Walking the Lyveden Way
A guide to walking The Lyveden Way, a 12km route in Northamptonshire, England – full of rolling fields, cute cottages and ancient houses.
A weekend exploring Bloomsbury & Beyond, London
by travelling_han on July 20, 2022 July 19, 2022
A weekend exploring in and around the beautiful Bloomsbury area of London, including the British Museum, Covent Garden and Granary Square areas of London.
10 of the Prettiest villages in Suffolk
by travelling_han on July 5, 2022 December 30, 2022
10 of Suffolk's most beautiful villages that if you're in the area, you really must visit.
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Gangland: Bullets over Hollywood
Watch Gangland: Bullets over Hollywood Online Free
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Hollywood Movies | Documentary
Ratings: 7.7 / 10 from
"Bullets Over Hollywood" delves into America's fascination with gangsters and features historical perspective, analysis, behind-the-scenes anecdotes, and details about the connection between real-life hoods and their cinematic alter egos. The documentary chronicles films such as the _American Mutoscope & Biograph [us]_ film _Musketeers of Pig Alley, The (1912)_ (the 1912 film directed by D.W. Griffith that began it all), 1930's and '40s classics including "Little Caesar," "The Public Enemy," "The Roaring Twenties," "The Petrified Forest" and "High Sierra," to such modern tales as "The Godfather," "Scarface," "Goodfellas," "Donnie Brasco," "Casino," "A Bronx Tale," "Carlito's Way," "Once Upon a Time in America" and many more. The special takes a look at television with shows such as "The Sopranos" and "Growing Up Gotti," all part of America's parallel fascination with fictional and real-life gangsters.
Gangland: Bullets over Hollywood Photos
Gangland: Bullets over Hollywood Movie Stars
Gangland: Bullets over Hollywood Director
Elaina Archer
Hunting the Nazi Gold Train
In My Father's House
Life After the Oasis
Gangland: Bullets over Hollywood Movie Download Gangland: Bullets over Hollywood Movie Download Free Gangland: Bullets over Hollywood Full Movie Download free HD