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MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE BY CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
This project deals with foreign exchange management in Nigerian by the central bank of Nigeria (CBN). The need to manage foreign exchange became imperative as a result of disequilibrum in the foreign exchange reserves. The concept, foreign exchange management is a Conscious attempt to harness foreign exchange resources, deploy them to service the economy so as to prevent the economy for experiencing shocks due to foreign exchange volatility.
The central focus of this project is to examine how central bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its policy measures manages foreign exchange in the country. To carryout this project, the researcher made use of both primary and secondary data. Questionnaires were also distributed to officials of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). The questionnaires were in line with the objectives of the study.
Based on the objectives of the study, the findings reveals that. The role of central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in managing foreign exchange is not impressive, the impact of exchange is not encouraging the activities of parallel market operators negatively affect the effective operation of the foreign exchange management, the impact of foreign exchange decree No 17 of 1995 and other control measures in managing foreign in the country is not impressive and redirection of funds obtained from the official market to parallel market by banks is a problems militating against foreign exchange management.
Approval page ii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of content vi
1.3 Objectives of the study 5
1.4 Research questions 5
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of foreign exchange 8
2.2 Foreign exchange in Nigeria 11
2.3 Structure of Nigeria's foreign exchange market 15
2.4 Growth of the market exchange in Nigeria 16
2.5 Foreign exchange market and monetary manage in Nigeria 20
2.6 The structure of the country's output 22
2.7 Overview of the Nigerian exchange rate policy 24
2.8 The efficacy of monetary policies in the management of firms 28
2.9 Foreign exchange management objectives and policy 33
2.10 Foreign exchange problems 37
2.11 Foreign exchange control 39
3.1 Design of the study 41
3.2 Area of the study 42
3.3 Population of the study 42
3.4 Sampling Method 43
3.5 Research Instrumentation 44
3.6 Validity and Reliability of the Instrument 45
3.8 Analytical Technique 48
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS DATA
4.1Data analysis 49
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary of Findings 61
5.3 Recommendation 63
Bibliography 64
Appendix I 69
Appendix II 70
CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDYIt has already been stated that money is a common denominator in which the rate relative values of goods and services can be expressed. Throughout history, any community which forms itself into a nation for the purpose of self-government immediately introduces its own distinctive unit of account-monetary unit of account (legal tender). In the words of Endel (2013) in the international realm, no legal tender exists vales must be measured, accounts kept and payments made by conversion of one currency, not another, this conversion process is known as foreign exchange. Foreign exchange can be acquired by a country through the export of goods and services, direct investment inflows, aids, and grants. When foreign exchange receipts, the surplus is added to reserves. These reserves which are also savings from foreign exchange transactions are held by the authorities to finance shortfalls in foreign receipts and to safeguard the international value of the domestic currency.When there is disequilibrium in the foreign exchange market which is caused by an adequate supply of foreign exchange reserves, pressure may be exerted on foreign exchange reserves. If the reserves are not adequate, it will deteriorate into the balance of payments problems, hence the need to manage a nation's foreign exchange resources so as to reduce the adverse effect of foreign exchange volatility. The management of foreign exchange resources is further informed by the need to set an appropriate cleaning price in the foreign exchange market. Therefore the act of foreign exchange management in a conscious attempt to harness foreign exchange resources, deploy them to service the economy so as to prevent the economy from experiencing shocks due to foreign exchange volatility."The practice of managing the foreign exchange resources has therefore evolved broadly in line with the globalization and liberalization of economics and financial markets". (Anifowose, 2017)1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMThe primary objective of foreign exchange management is to reduce foreign exchange instability and its adverse effect on the economy. Despite government efforts to achieve this objective through the central bank of Nigeria (CBN), foreign exchange (monitoring and miscellaneous provisions) Decree No promulgated in 1995 and the introduction of the use of forms A and 19 in 1996, a handful of problems are still identified with foreign exchange operations in Nigeria. These problems include(i) Inadequate inflow of foreign exchange(ii) Continuous depreciation in the value of the Naira(iii) Balance of payment problems(iv) Problem of finding Sectorial allocation of foreign exchange in the foreign exchange market1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe objectives of the study are:(i) To examine the roles of the central bank of Nigeria in managing the country's foreign exchange(ii) To examine the impact of foreign exchange rate policy in foreign exchange management.(iii) To examine the effects of the activities of the parallel markets on foreign exchange.(iv) To examine the impact of foreign exchange decree No. 17 of 1995 and other control measures in managing foreign exchange in the country.(v) Examine the problems facing exchange management in Nigeria.1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY(i) This work is in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) in Accountancy.(ii) The work will be an immense help to future researchers who will make their own investigation into this subject area.(iii) The work will help the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) regulate the activities of the banks with a view to gathering them to fund the foreign exchange market adequately, increase foreign exchange inflow and Balance of payment surplus, determine a realistic exchange rate, and adequate foreign exchange control system.1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION(i) How do you assess the role of the central bank of Nigeria in managing the country's foreign exchange.(ii) Do you think that the impact of foreign exchange rate policy has been encouraging?(iii) Is it true that the activities of the parallel market operators negatively affect the effective operation of the foreign exchange management in Nigeria?(iv) How would you assess the impact of foreign exchange decree No 17 of 1995 and other control measures in managing foreign exchange in the country?(v) What are the problem facing foreign exchange management in Nigeria.1.6 HYPOTHESISThe following hypothesis is have been designed for analysis:(i) Ho: The role of the Central Bank of Nigeria in managing the country's foreign exchange is not impressive. Hi: The role of the Central Bank of Nigeria in managing the country's foreign exchange is impressive.(ii) Ho: The impact of exchange rate policy in the management of foreign exchange in Nigeria is not encouraging. Hi: The impact of foreign rate policy in the management of foreign exchange in Nigeria is encouraging(iii) Ho: The activities of the parallel market operators negatively affect the effective operation f the foreign exchange management in Nigeria. Hi: The activities of the parallel market operator do not negatively affect the effective operative of the foreign exchange management in Nigeria.(vi) Ho: The impact of foreign exchange degree No 17 of 1995 and other control measures in managing foreign exchange in the country is not impressive. Hi: The impact of foreign exchange decree No 17 of 1995 and other control measures in managing foreign exchange in the country is impressive.1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION SCOPE The area of this project in Enugu, the research is to determine how foreign exchange could be effectively managed in Nigeria by CBN.LIMITATIONIn the process of carrying out this study, the researcher encountered some problems which include: Finance the cost of transportation to the area where data are to be collected was too high. The negative attitude of CBN officials toward the disclosure of information was a limiting factor. Finally, time for data collection and attitude lectures was a limiting factor.1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMSEXCHANGE RATE: This is the number of units of one currency, which exchange for a given number of units of another country.FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET: This is a market in which one national currency is brought in exchange for another national currency.FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVE: These are foreign currencies held by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). REFERENCESi. ANIFOWOSE O. K (2017) "Management of foreign exchange A peep into the Next Decade" CBN BULLION: Vol. 21, No 4.ii. Endel, J. k (2013) International Business Enterprise 2nd Ed. London: Prentice hall Int. Inc.iii. Ude M. O (2016) International Trade and Finance Enugu. John Jacob's classic.


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13 super genius tricks every iPhone and iPad owner should know
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WWDC21: Everything you should know about the new iPadOS 15
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Late night yesterday Apple gave us an insight into the upcoming iPadOS 15. The conference was held online only where the company showed us what improvements and support the upcoming operating system will bring...
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The Apple Event 2021 brought an array of next-generation products. The event truly laid down the products that are way beyond the expectations of Apple fans. Apple's CEO, Tim Crook introduced a variety of...
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


COME SEE US at SXSW! New Deal is on a panel on Cinematic Virtual Reality.
Always wanted to be in the movies? You may get a chance soon, thanks to the burgeoning world of virtual reality and a film industry keen on exploring it.
Download and watch The Mission, Kaiju Fury! and Black Mass!
DOWNLOAD NOW: The Mission Trailer on Google Play!
TechCrunch: The Mobile Jaunt VR player is LIVE - Watch Paul McCartney On Stage, and Previews for The Mission and Kaiju Fury!
Jaunt wants to give you something to watch on makeshift virtual reality headsets like Google Cardboard, Dodocase, and Mirage.
Motherboard: Jaunt Offers An Immersive Enough VR Experience, But Can It Change Filmmaking?
If any industry is equipped to bring the virtual reality experiences offered by Oculus Rift and other VR headsets to the masses it has to be gaming. Designed with omnidirectional player navigation in mind, video games are practically tailor-made for immersive virtual reality. Introducing VR to the film industry won't be so easy.
The Jaunt team has landed in New York and we'll be at ComicCon in booth #1568 with our good friends from DODO Case. Using their new VR viewers, we'll be showing a very special exclusive sneak preview to NYCC attendees - a trailer for our cinematic VR short film directed by Matthew Gratzner and produced with New Deal Studios, "The Mission."
Be sure to stop by and be one of the first to experience cinematic Virtual Reality history.
Immersive. The word pops up in conversations about entertainment with as much frequency as "engagement." While the definition is tied to its roots as techno-jargon in the cyberdelic 90s, its popularity comes from the fact that the meaning has grown beyond those roots.
A couple of weeks back I watched the vice president of content for Jaunt VR—makers of a revolutionary live action video camera for virtual reality—hint at the imminent arrival of a consumer VR device. Jaunt and New Deal Studios would be releasing a short WWII themed film made with the camera this fall, and that meant people would need to able to watch it on something, after all.
Virtual Reality Film Production In "The Mission"
In addition to adapting the name of FDR's social program of the Depression era 30's, Matthew Gratzner's New Deal Studios is as progressive in its look to the future of cinema and VFX as anyone today. That's mostly because the co-founder is taking on the challenge of adapting cinema to virtual reality devices like the Oculus Rift. Last week saw the third VR-user gathering in Los Angeles to discuss the latest advances in the realm of VR. The meeting was held at New Deal Studio's facilities, and Gratnzer lead the discussion with a description of his experiences filming The Mission, a WWII short made completely for a virtual experience. The VFX supervisor has a pretty impressive list of work in feature films that includes Hugo and Shutter Island.
Nearly all the hype around virtual reality — much of it fanned by Facebook's $2 billion acquisition of Oculus VR, the headset maker — is about how the technology can be used for games.
Another intriguing use for virtual reality, one that has received scant attention until recently, is video. Imagine the possibilities of being able to swivel your head around within a movie, a news broadcast or a football game to see everything around a camera, not just what is in front.
Jaunt — a Palo Alto-based startup that is developing hardware and software to enable the production and display of virtual reality experiences — has raised $27.8 million in a new round of funding, bringing the total investment in the company to $34 million. With the new funding, the company aims to continue to develop relationships in Hollywood in order to kick-start VR content creation.


In May I guest-blogged at The Writers' Creative about…well, a ton of stuff I do in developmental editing. But some of those things deserve their own post. Read Part 1: Principles Instead of Rules and Part 2: How I Feel About Your Manuscript.
When we consider "changes," that can encompass anything from character sympathy, strengthening suspense, to writing tone. My queries and comments can be quite frequent and long because I'm working on a creative level that needs to meet the author's approval.
Additionally, it's important for the author to know that my suggestions and adjustments are there to serve the author, not my own interests. A developmental editor such as myself needs to be flexible. It's not about an editor's preference—it's about solving problems in the text.
Here's what a typical amount of querying looks like in my editing (assuming most of the big chunks of content are organized).
Green balloons are queries. Content blurred to preserve author's privacy.
I've mentioned the reasons why querying is necessary, but it requires skill in developmental editing because suggestions are judgment calls. There is less doing (grammar fixes that don't need explanation) and more querying (clarifying, suggesting, rewording, adding transitions—tasks that need explanation).
Additionally, my tone is just as important. I always try to be aware and careful as to how my tone will be received, especially to a nervous writer.
1. I approach queries with a positive attitude. Don't forget that we're here to support the writer above anything else. My mindset is geared toward how an edit is helpful rather than pointing out the flaw.
2. I suggest and ask the writer, not demand or tell the writer what to do. A lot of my suggestions are meant to help the author strengthen connections and to fill in missed opportunities. It requires a lot of hedging and open-mindedness in my tone.
Instead of saying "It would be better if you changed this to …" I say, "Readers may not understand, so I changed this to clarify …" or "It might be a great opportunity to show the character doing …"
3. I try to be succinct- I have the most trouble with this one! I can ramble on at first when I explain my reason for a change. BUT, I always go back to condense and tighten my comment. Writers don't want to spend a lot of time on my ramblings; they want to know how my change improves their work.
4. In anything I write, whether it's a query or explanation, I remind myself to be specific. If queries are vague or the meaning is muddled, we've just committed the same error that we're trying to get the author to fix. Queries are our way of communicating clearly with writers and staying specific also helps me decide what I'm trying to say.
5. Lastly, I prompt the author to take action. It's not good enough to point out a change; we have to explain how the change improves the text and how the writer can apply the change to other similar problem areas.
So, that's my experience with querying—not pointing out flaws, but being helpful. There's a mindset to querying that can be strengthened through practice and nurturing relationships with authors.
What's your experience with querying?


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This repository contains the **relative risks** for the diseases and risk-factors of the Global Burden of Disease study. Specifically, it has the relative risks at each age for various risks. The variables include:

- `category`: The _category_ of exposure, such as _Unsafe Water Exposure_ or _Lead exposure_
- `level`: The _level_ (type) of exposure, such as _Unimproved & untreated_ or _Unimproved & chlorinated_ as levels of exposure to _Unsafe Water Exposure_
- `outcome`: The _outcome_ (disease/impairment) caused by the disease (i.e., Typhoid fever, which may be related to exposure to unsafe water)
- `risk.type`: The _type of risk_ (mortality, morbidity, or both)
- `sex`: The sex (_male_, _female_) for which the relative risk applies

**Before** answering the following questions, I suggest you create an `average.risk` column by averaging the risks across ages.

In this exercise, you'll explore the data to ask the following questions:
- To begin,  Which risk-disease combination has the highest relative risk?
- For each **risk factor**, which **disease** is it the greatest risk for?
- For each **disease**, what is the greatest **risk factor**?
- Which diseases have different risks for men and women?

## Data Preparation
Data downloaded from the [ghdx](http://ghdx.healthdata.org/record/global-burden-disease-study-2015-gbd-2015-risk-factor-results-1990-2015).

Some manual data prep (done in excel):

- Replaced all á characters with periods (`.`)
- Fixed column titles (combined first 2 rows)
- Removed footnotes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Chicago, IL – February 27, 2019 – Zacks.com announces the list of stocks featured in the Analyst Blog. Every day the Zacks Equity Research analysts discuss the latest news and events impacting stocks and the financial markets. Stocks recently featured in the blog include: China Eastern Airlines Corporation Ltd. CEA, China Southern Airlines Company Ltd. ZNH, JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd. JKS, China Unicom (Hong Kong) Ltd. CHU and RYB Education, Inc. RYB.
China Eastern Airlines Corporation Ltd. is involved in the civil aviation industry in China as well as internationally.
China Southern Airlines Company Ltd. is one of the leading air transportation enterprises in China.
JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd. is a solar product manufacturer with China and has international operations.
China Unicom (Hong Kong) Ltd. is engaged in the provision of cellular, paging, long distance, data and Internet services worldwide.
RYB Education, Inc. provides educational services, primarily in China.


Paola Franqui (@monaris_) captures life as it's happening. The New Jersey-based member of the Alpha Imaging Collective can be found, camera and lens in hand, focusing on unique moments in the daily lives in villages and cities across the globe and close to home through her captivating street photography. Her striking black and white and color images recall famous film photographers of the past so it's not surprising to find a roll of Tri-X among her bag of state of the art Sony mirrorless cameras and G Master lenses. We caught up with Franqui to learn more about the gear she uses most for street photography at home and abroad.
Sony α7R III: The α7R III is my go-to camera that I use on all of my travels. It gives me superb image quality, great flexibility in terms of handling low light, action, and wide dynamic range. I use it for both photo and video. Choosing the best camera can be tricky, but I truly believe this is the best full frame camera available today.
Sony α7R II: I use this camera as a second body especially when I don't want to be switching lenses. I don't think I will ever want to sell my α7R II. It's a wonderful powerhouse.
Sony FE 55mm f/1.8: The 55mm f/1.8 was the very first lens I ever purchased. I'm very attached to it. This is a must have lens, superb image quality, color, contrast, quick accurate focus, and super lightweight.
Sony FE 85mm f/1.8: This lens goes everywhere with me. As a street photographer, I'm always on the move and one of the things I love most about my new 85mm is how small and lightweight it is. I shoot a lot wide open and I'm also very impressed by the sharpness at f/1.8 and its creamy bokeh. My favorite!
Sony FE 24-70mm f/2.8 G Master: This lens is everything I ever wanted in a lens. It's great for portraiture, street, landscapes, product shots, etc. It's very sharp and it lives on my α7R III 80% of the time. Its size and weight are a good tradeoff for the sharpness, quality and fast auto focus.
Sony FE 70-200mm f/2.8 G Master: I love working with this lens. It's essential to me when I want to focus more on my subjects and create a more visually compressed scene. This lens is worth every penny!
Sony GP-X1Em Grip Extension for my Sony α7R III: I don't know why it took me so long to get this but I am so glad I finally did! This grip extension really helps out when holding my camera with a larger lens.
Sony Battery Grip for my Sony α7R II and Extra Batteries for my Sony α7R II and Sony α7R III: You can't have too many batteries and I don't leave the house without them.
Street Photography Books: Most photographers underestimate the power of a good book but they sure keep me inspired!
Memory Cards and Case: The last thing I want is to run out of memory so I always carry extra memory cards with me.
Sony USB Portable Power Supply with 5000mAh Battery: This powerbank is a great and handy device. It works for when I can't get to an outlet and it charges fast.
Kodak Tri-X 400 and Olympus Stylus film camera: I love shooting film when traveling. That old school feeling is just very enjoyable to me.
Peak Design Everyday Backpack: This is my favorite travel backpack. It is perfectly designed to match my needs. It fits everything you see on my travel kit!
Samsung T5 Portable SSD: The T5 comes with me on all my travels. It is perfect for backing up my content on the move. My workflow has gotten much quicker since I started using it.
Poweradd Travel Adapter Kit: I absolutely LOVE this adaptor. It has several adapters so that it can be used in whatever country I am visiting.
Peak Design Capture Camera Clip V3: A well-made, sturdy mount that allows me easy access to my camera.
Dust Blower: It has helped me immensely and I trust it to blow off dust and debris. It leaves the lens/lens filter clean and clear. A must have!
Peak Design and Ona Straps: My faithful companions for both of my cameras.
13" MacBook Pro: I carry my laptop with me everywhere. It's lightweight and it makes editing on the go and being able to backup my data that much easier.
Notepad and Pen: My travel journal and diary.
Cleaning Cloth: Gotta' keep those lenses clean!
Business Cards: When I hand someone my business card I make a physical connection that feels more authentic. Call me old school!
July is Portrait month at Alpha Universe. See how you can be part of the #SonyAlphaPortrait challenge. Click here to see #SonyAlphaPortrait on Instagram.
Paola Franqui is a member of the Sony Alpha Imaging Collective. Follow all of their adventures on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/monaris_/.
Is This The Perfect Street Photography Lens?


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The return of "Darkwood Monitor", the first Zagor magazine
Category: Fumetto
SCLS Magazine, an organization entirely dedicated to the character of Zagor, presents at Romics the reprint in a single volume of the seven issues of "Darkwood Monitor", official organ of the historical Zagor Club. Founded by Giuseppe Pollicelli, Daniele Bevilacqua and Sergio Climinti, Darkwood Monitor still represents a fundamental point of reference for all those who are concerned with "The Spirit with the Hatchet" from a critical and informational point of view, so much so that the leaders of SCLS Magazine referred to it as «the magazine which has opened the minds of the readers of Zagor ». Published between 1997 and 2000, the seven issues of Darkwood Monitor for a long time were impossibile to find, particurarly n. 2 which was published in a limited edition, and reproposing them in a single volume SCLS Magazine for the occasion has provided three written annotations, two of which are signed by Moreno Burattini, current editor of Zagor, and by Giuseppe Pollicelli, in the past president of Zagor Club.


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UN calls on Houthis to revoke death sentence against 35 parliamentarians
السبت 07 مارس 2020 07:41 م الصحوة نت - خاص
Alsahwa Net- The United Nations (UN) called on Friday the Houthis militia to revoke a capital punishment against 35 Yemeni lawmakers who were ruled to death last Tuesday by a Houthis-run court in Sana'a.
Spokesperson of the UN Human Rights Office, Liz Throssell, said during a press conference that the 35 parliamentarians were "sentenced to death - in absentia and - on treason charges, their property confiscated and their families threatened."
None of the sentenced parliamentarian were in northern, Houthi-controlled territory at the time of the trial, according to Throssel.
"We are extremely concerned by the overall conduct of the trial and that it is politically motivated, as well its failure to comply with international norms and standards," she said.
She explained that charges were basically related to the parliamentarians' participation in a parliamentary meeting held in Sayoun of Hadhramaut governorate on 11 April 2019, which was called by the internationally recognized President Abdo Rabo Mansour Hadi.
Following issuance of sentences in Sana'a, the UN Human Rights Offices received reports that the homes of some parliamentarians in Sana'a were looted by a group of the Houthi policewomen, and their family members, who were inside their homes, were given 24 hours to leave their homes, Throssell said.
The Houthis ruled the 35 lawmakers to death on charge of "cooperation with Saudi Arabia and member states of the Saudi-led coalition.


Dudák, meaning 'Piper', is a traditional Czech card game and this set has been specially illustrated for children.
Editorial Gráfica Flores S.A. were manufacturers of playing cards and card games around c.1970-90.
Ferguson Happy Families card game was produced by Ferguson Electronics and printed by John Waddington Ltd in c.1960.


You might be facing debt problems, but you want to retain some of your most valued assets, and you have the income to afford lower monthly payments to pay off some of your debt. If you're in Michigan and in need of a Chapter 13 bankruptcy attorney, let our lawyers at Andersen, Ellis & Shephard walk you through the details.
A Chapter 13 bankruptcy, also referred to as a "debt consolidation" plan, is ideal for individuals with a reliable source of income. Under Chapter 13 of the Bankruptcy Code, those with regular income can enter into a payment plan with creditors, whereby they agree to repay debts over three-year or five-year period. Most payments are reduced and consolidated in one monthly payment, which is usually MUCH LESS than what creditors are demanding! We can usually consolidate all debts at a payment that is affordable while protecting your wages and property.
Stop creditor harassment: A Chapter 13 bankruptcy proceeding provides debtors with the protection of the automatic stay, which means that creditors are prevented from making any further attempts to collect a debt, whether through letters, calls, collection agencies, lawsuits or legal filings for the duration of the bankruptcy proceedings.
Stop mortgage foreclosures: If your mortgage is past due, a Chapter 13 can help catch it up and stop a foreclosure from occurring if the case is filed on time.
Stop car repossessions: Car payments are usually included in the Chapter 13 plan and the car is paid off as part of the plan. Generally, no one can repossess or seize your car or other property once your Chapter 13 is filed.
Stop wage garnishments: Your wages, earnings, bank accounts, and personal property are protected by the Chapter 13 "automatic stay" against creditors.
But to get this protection, you need to file for Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Interest and late fees are often waived under Chapter 13 plans. Many plans provide for a percentage payback if the client cannot afford to pay all debts in full. This means that Chapter 13 will often be the best payment plan for you.
How are Chapter 13 payments calculated?
In most Chapter 13 cases, the payment is based on your budget … your ability to pay. That is why it is important to work with a bankruptcy lawyer who will go over your income and your living expenses in detail with you.
Our office is unique in that we have a computer program which calculates your budget of income and expenses while you watch it on the computer monitor. We try to help you visualize your budget by going over it with you in our office. You can see the income and expenses broken down as we type it in, and see just where your money goes each month. This enables us to calculate how much you can afford to pay toward your debts very quickly, while you watch us.
You just need to know how much you make on average, and how much you spend on house payments, rent, utilities, insurance, groceries, gasoline, etc. House payments and rent are generally not included in the Chapter 13 plan unless you are behind.
What is at risk under Chapter 13?
Many people don't know the difference between Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Chapter 13 is a better option for many who may risk losing assets in a Chapter 7 case. Where in Chapter 7 a trustee is appointed to look for non-exempt assets to sell in order to pay debts, the Chapter 13 trustee receives payments from the debtor and does not liquidate or seize control of any of the debtor's assets. In this way, a person with assets that might be at risk in a Chapter 7 would select Chapter 13 in order to safeguard all assets. The stipulation would be to maintain the payments provided for by the plan.
If one waits too long, the property is lost for good. It is much easier for us to protect what you have than to try to get it back for you once it is seized by a creditor! Also, the longer one waits, the more interest and late charges are added to balances. Chapter 13 stops interest and late charges on most debts, so it is best to contact us quickly.
Chapter 13 is very useful in order to save a house from foreclosure. The plan will provide for the maintenance of the monthly payment on the house and then pay the lender a little extra each month so that the mortgage is caught up by the end of the plan. Once the plan is completed, the debtor will continue to pay the normal monthly mortgage. In the meantime, foreclosure is stopped while the default is cured over the life of the Chapter 13 plan.
Chapter 13 is very useful to stop repossession of cars, trucks, automobiles and other assets that are needed by the debtor. Instead of paying the usual payment and meeting the demands of the lender to catch up missed payments, the Chapter 13 plan can pay the loan off over a period of time at a reduced rate when combined with other debts that are owed. No one can take the debtor's assets, property or vehicles while payments are maintained and the lender is protected by insurance on the property. The debtor is responsible for paying insurance.
For those who can afford to pay on their debts but are drowning in interest, late fees or penalties, Chapter 13 is useful for reducing payments on everything from credit card debts, signature loans, taxes and auto loans to medical bills, lawsuit claims and judgments.
Contact our experienced Chapter 13 bankruptcy attorneys to discuss your best course of action while filing for bankruptcy in Michigan. We have offices in Grand Rapids, Lansing, Muskegon, Big Rapids and Kalamazoo to assist you with your Chapter 13 needs.


I make lots of cream soups and this is a wonderful fall or winter comfort food. The recipe can use either cauliflower or broccoli. I need to mention that I usually reserve some of the cauliflower pieces on the side before I blend, so I get a mixture of creaminess as well as some chunky pieces as an end result. You may want to try this.
Chop cauliflower, carrot, potatoes and leeks.
Simmer cauliflower and leeks in broth for 20 minutes.
Blend in blender to desired consistency.
Add the olive oil. Add all and season to taste. Serve garnished with parsley or chives, or sesame seeds.
Nome: Antonia Karova. Nata in Bulgaria il 15/08/1978. Istruzione: Laurea in Storia dell'Arte e Disegno. Passione: La cucina sana gurme. Nella vita: madre di tre gemelle femmine e un maschio. Ambizione: Dare un'alternativa a tutti gli snack del supermercato, non un divieto ma la possibilità di godersi cose gustose in modo sano in una famiglia felice!
© 2019 Tony's Happy Kitchen. Tutti i diritti riservati.


The request has been granted, but an agency under the Ministry of Justice that handled the case recently announced that the convicts are no longer capable of paying.
Pham Thanh Binh, former chairman of Vinashin, was held accountable for about half of the money, while To Nghiem, former chairman of Cai Lan Shipbuilding Industry Company, and Tran Van Liem, former CEO of Vinashin Ocean Shipping Co. Ltd (Vinashinlines), the rest.
They were among nine people jailed for three to 20 years in 2012 for mismanagement in multiple projects, leading to huge losses at Vinashin.
The shipbuilding group piled up debts of $4.5 billion before being restructured into the Shipbuilding Industry Corporation in 2013.
Binh and his two subordinates had no means to pay, so the execution department had to return the pleadings of the companies — Vinashinlines, Cai Lan Shipbuilding Industry Company, and Cai Lan Power Company — in accordance with laws, a representative of the department was quoted as saying in news website Dan Tri early this week.
However, the unnamed official stressed that once authorities discovered any properties in the defendants' names, even those left in their wills, the verdicts will be enforced, meaning that authorities will confiscate the properties.
"We will continue to encourage the defendants and their families to cooperate with us [in retrieving the money]," the official said.
The claimants were among six companies ruled by the court to claim the total compensations of over VND1.14 trillion ($51.84 million) from the nine defendants.
Another two companies which were entitled to a total of some VND59.7 billion ($2.69 million) did not file any claims, while the sixth one is having its case processed.
As of June, the department has managed to collect more than VND2.4 billion ($108,200) from the defendants, including over VND1.9 billion ($85,700) in court fees.


I have a very quick question regarding case sensitive Greek hostnames. For example, if I wished to register the hostname using the Greek letter omega Ω, like so: ΩΩΩΩ.com, it would in actual fact appear as the lower case version: ωωωω.com.
In English of course, this is also true, where E would become e for example. It is not a problem if it is to be read as a language, but if the purpose of this is to use omega as the symbol 'Ω' in the hostname rather than a letter, then it is problematic.
Is there any way around this, in order to maintain the uppercase letter? Are there domain registering sites that offer this type of service?
No, and this is by design. Uppercase characters are actually completely disallowed by the new standard and were converted to lowercase by the old.
Q: How does IDNA2008 differ from IDNA2003?
A: It disallows about eight thousand characters that used to be valid, including all uppercase characters, full/half-width variants, symbols, and punctuation. It also interprets four characters differently.
Q: Why does IDNA2003 map final sigma (ς) to sigma (σ), map eszett (ß) to "ss", and delete ZWJ/ZWNJ?
A: This decision about the mapping of these characters followed recommendations for case-insensitive matching in the Unicode Standard. These characters are anomalous: the uppercase of ς is Σ, the same as the uppercase of σ. Note that the text "ΒόλοΣ.com", which appears on http://Βόλος.com, illustrates this: the normal case mapping of Σ is to σ. If σ and ς were not treated as case variants in Unicode, there wouldn't be a match between ΒόλοΣ and Βόλος.
Is the hostname case sensitive?
Multiple hostnames for one server?
To zero pad hostnames or not?


Premium Europe presents dedicated booking engine covering all Islamic travel needs.
Zurich based luxury travel agency Premium Europe has launched the first Halal booking engine in Europe for Muslim travellers and businessmen.
The platform provides unique holiday experiences in Europe that respect Islam as well as tailored travel support. The booking engine has an intuitive, user-friendly design that helps customers identify quickly if a luxury hotel meets all their needs – from bidets in rooms, to pork-free cooking arrangements or female only spa facilities.
Muslim travellers are an important target group in the luxury segment. In many European countries, this group spends more money than any other.
Zombori chooses to see light in the dark situation generated by the new American president after his ban on Muslims: "Donald Trump condemns a huge religious community with enormous economic potential - if he doesn´t want these travellers we will take them pleasure. It is an opportunity for us and we thoroughly enjoy working with Muslim tourists."
Premium Europe has over 10 years of experience in the luxury travel industry and was the first luxury travel agency to combine a digital experience with individually personalised support. Aside from luxury holiday planning, the company also offers medical tourism solutions and helps parents select the best boarding schools in Europe for their children.
For more information please visit Premium Europe or contact our content manager.


text:
Home White Collar Crime New Jersey Bloomfield
Bloomfield, New Jersey White Collar Crime Lawyers
Joseph D. Rotella
New Jersey White Collar Crime Attorney with 33 years experience
The National Trial Lawyers and Super LawyersAssociation of Criminal Defense Lawyers of New Jersey, National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers...
Robert J. Degroot
Martindale-Hubbell and Super LawyersNew York State Bar and New Jersey Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers
Leslie Posnock
Livingston, NJ White Collar Crime Attorney
(732) 544-1460American UniversityUniversity of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania, Federal Circuit, New Jersey, California and 3rd CircuitWashington College of Law of the American UniversityAssociation of Criminal Defense Lawyers - NJ and American Bar Association"A Model Code of Conduct,"
Newark, NJ White Collar Crime Attorney
(973) 913-5761Fordham University School of LawFordham UniversityNew Jersey and New YorkMartindale-Hubbell and Super LawyersNew York State Bar and New Jersey Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers2nd Lawyer Acquitted in Elizabeth Schools 'Free Lunch' Case Investigation and Michael Jackson's Best Friend Was Not The Twelve Year Old Boy But The Fifth Amendment!
Dmitriy Shakhnevich
(973) 241-5333New York Law SchoolNew Jersey and New YorkThe Nickel or Not: The Fifth Amendment Privilege for Individuals in FCPA Investigations
Michael DeBlis III
Bloomfield, NJ White Collar Crime Attorney
(973) 337-9473Thomas Jefferson School of Law and Western Michigan University Cooley Law SchoolRutgers University - New Brunswick/PiscatawayFederal Courts of NJ, State Courts of NJ and U.S. Tax CourtCriminal Justice Section, American Bar Association, National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers...Is That Worker An Employee? Part I, Is That Worker An Employee? Part II...
(973) 621-0333Whittier Law SchoolSeton Hall UniversityU.S. District Court for the Eastern District of N.Y., New Jersey, U.S. District Court, District of N.J., U.S. Supreme Court, 3rd Circuit and U.S. District Court for the Southern District of N.Y.The National Trial Lawyers and Super LawyersAssociation of Criminal Defense Lawyers of New Jersey, National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers...
Howard W Bailey
(973) 982-1200New York Law SchoolWilliam Paterson UniversityNew JerseyNew Jersey State Police Benevolent Assoc.New Jersey State Bar, Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers - NJ...
Travis J. Tormey
(201) 654-3464Seton Hall University School of LawRutgers University - New Brunswick/PiscatawayAvvo, Avvo, National Academy of Criminal Defense Attorneys and The National Trial LawyersNational Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers and National Trial Lawyers Association
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&A
Mark Cheser
Union, NJ White Collar Crime Attorney
(866) 456-9864Emory UniversityMiami University of OhioGeorgia, Pennsylvania and New JerseyRichard Hughes Inn of CourtNew Jersey State Bar
Paul Faugno
Hackensack, NJ White Collar Crime Attorney
(201) 342-1969New JerseyNew Jersey State Bar
Lorraine Gauli-Rufo
Verona, NJ White Collar Crime Attorney
View Lawyer Profile
Robert Stahl
Westfield, NJ White Collar Crime Attorney
(908) 301-9001Seton Hall University School of LawU.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York, New Jersey, U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey, 3rd Circuit, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York and U.S. Supreme CourtNational Trial Lawyers, Best Lawyers in America, Super Lawyers and Martindale-HubbellAmerican Bar Association, American Civil Liberties Union...
Allan Marain
New Brunswick, NJ White Collar Crime Attorney
(732) 828-2020Seton Hall University School of LawRutgers University - New Brunswick/PiscatawayNew JerseyMartindale-HubbellNew Jersey State Bar and Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers of New Jersey
Laura Kathleen Gasiorowski
(908) 301-9001Tulane University School of LawLouisiana, New Jersey and New YorkTulane Law SchoolNew York City Bar Association, Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers of NJ...
Barbara Ungar Esq.
(732) 828-8700University of Baltimore School of LawYeshiva UniversityNew Jersey and 3rd CircuitNational Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, National College for DUI Defense Inc....
Andrew Olesnycky
(908) 301-9001Rutgers School of Law-NewarkNew Jersey, U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey and New YorkAssociation of Criminal Defense Lawyers of New Jersey, National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers...
Adam M. Lustberg
(201) 880-5311Seton Hall University School of LawHofstra UniversityNew Jersey and New YorkSuper Lawyers, Super Lawyers, Super Lawyers, 201 Magazine...Bergen County Bar Association, Hudson County Bar Association...
Michael Cirigliano
East Brunswick, NJ White Collar Crime Attorney
(732) 514-6631New York Law SchoolIona CollegeNew York and New JerseyNational Trial Lawyers, America's Top 100 Attorneys, National Trial Lawyers and National Trial LawyersNew York State Bar Association and Richmond County Bar Association
Joseph Reinhart Donahue
River Edge, NJ White Collar Crime Attorney
(201) 488-7707Georgetown University Law CenterBoston University and Georgetown UniversityNew Jersey, 3rd Circuit and U.S. Supreme CourtThe National Trial Lawyers, Super Lawyers and New Jersey Office of Attorney EthicsNational Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers and Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers of New Jersey
Maria Noto
Matawan, NJ White Collar Crime Attorney
(732) 441-9546Seton Hall UniversityFederal Circuit, New Jersey, 3rd Circuit and U.S. Supreme CourtSuper Lawyers, Super Lawyers, Super Lawyers, Super Lawyers...Criminal Trial Attorney, New Jersey State Bar...
Thomas Carroll Blauvelt Esq.
Old Bridge, NJ White Collar Crime Attorney
(877) 676-7729Benjamin N. Cardozo School of LawFairfield UniversityNew York and New JerseyNew Jersey State Municipal Prosecutor's Association, New York Friars Club...
The LII Lawyer Directory contains lawyers who have claimed their profiles and are actively seeking clients. Find more Bloomfield, New Jersey White Collar Crime Lawyers in the Justia Legal Services and Lawyers Directory which includes profiles of more than one million lawyers licensed to practice in the United States, in addition to profiles of legal aid, pro bono and legal service organizations.


text:
OMG It's the Vegan Police
Welcome to the Vegan Intellectual Dark Web
Animal Liberation Deception
2 Jul 2017 1 Sep 2013 by Cameron Blewett
One of the biggest hoaxes within Australia's animal advocacy movement has finally been revealed.
The master franchisee of the Animal Liberation 'brand' in Australia, Animal 'Liberation' (NSW) is not really an animal rights organisation after all. Today on ABC's Landline episode Sky Wars, they revealed that they are actually a consumer protection organisation.
This segment was about the NSW based group's aerial surveillance of a free range egg farm at Dora Creek on the New South Wales central coast.
The organisation's executive director, Mark Pearson, says "If it's free range, the birds must have access to outside vegetation, palatable vegetation, shade, light, dust, etc, to fulfil their needs, which is what consumers expect to be the case if consumers are paying the premium for free-range eggs."
One of the owners of the farm says that the hens were confined on that day because they were being treated for worms, which is acceptable under the Model Code Of Practice for Poultry.
It is unfortunate for the animals that the segment was more focused on the way that consumers are being deceived by falsely labelled 'free range' eggs, with extra confirmation of that being given by Angela McDougall from Choice.
As I have mentioned a number of times, the animal 'liberation' franchise is more concerned with self promotion than they are with actually liberating other animals.
The footage on Landline is further evidence of that.
I was prepared to believe that it was coincidental that this footage was aired at the same time as Mr Pearson was promoting his bid for a NSW senate seat. Sadly, this is not the case, as he has admitted that the airing of the footage is to further boost his campaign for the Animal Justice Party.
This literally means that despite all his posturing, Mark Pearson, Executive Director of Animal Liberation NSW and Vice President Animal Justice Party is using the oppression of other animals for his benefit, and to further his own political aspirations.
Mr Pearson has also deceived either the media or members of other animal 'liberation' groups when he says that three members are trained in the use of the UAV that was jointly purchased with Animal 'Liberation' ACT and Animal 'Liberation' Queensland. Yet the individual who was using the UAV in the Landline segment appeared to be a commercial operator.
Mr Pearson tries to boost his own credentials as an animal activist by bragging about the fact that he has been arrested and charged a number of times for trespass, in the vain attempt to show us his level of 'dedication' to the animals.
Except he betrays 'the animals' again by mentioning a number of times treatment, not once saying anything about the fact that they are being used.
So much for liberating animals or seeking justice for them.
Categories Articles, General Tags Animal Justice Party, Animal Liberation, Animal Liberation NSW, Battery Hens, Free Range Fraud, Mark Pearson Post navigation
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text:
kottke.org posts about ghostbusters
Kate McKinnon's Ghostbusters outtake reel: A++++
posted by Jason Kottke Oct 25, 2016
I watched the new Ghostbusters last week and:
1. It was good…better than the trailers indicated it would be.
2. LOL to all the whiny man-babies who boycotted and trashed it because of the all-female main cast. If there was anything wrong with the film, it had nothing to do with the leads.
3. Kate McKinnon was flat-out amazing, a revelation. I could watch 20 more minutes of her outtakes.
4. "Not just Higgs!"
How Ghostbusters became Ghostbusters
posted by Jason Kottke Jul 06, 2016
In a relatively new video essay about movies, Lessons from the Screenplay, Michael Tucker looks at Dan Aykroyd and Harold Ramis's original script for Ghostbusters and how the framework it provided, enhanced by the improv skills of the actors, produced a movie better than the script might have indicated at first glance. And oh man, I love the turn-of-the-century Ghostbusters idea. (via one perfect shot)
Michael Tucker
Trailer for the new Ghostbusters movie
posted by Jason Kottke Mar 03, 2016
Paul Feig is your director; Melissa McCarthy, Kristen Wiig, Kate McKinnon, Leslie Jones are your Ghostbusters; and NYC is the backdrop. I hope the movie is better than the trailer.
Update: A second trailer is out:
I love the concept, the cast, and the director. I want this to be good. But I'm just not feeling it from these trailers.
Don't cross the streams
posted by Tim Carmody May 05, 2011
Rick Moranis wasn't supposed to be in Ghostbusters:
John Candy was the first choice for the part of Sigourney Weaver's dweeby neighbor Louis. Candy was interested, but he wanted his character to speak with a German accent and own several large dogs.
Neither were Ernie Hudson or Bill Murray. Dan Aykroyd wrote Peter Venkman for John Belushi, then rewrote it for Murray after Belushi died. I can't even imagine how that would have worked.
(Actually, I don't know if I can easily substitute any other actor for Bill Murray in any of his roles. That might be an imaginative blind spot for me.)
Likewise Paul Reubens (pre-Pee Wee Herman) was originally slated to play the demonic Gozer, as a straight-laced architect in a business suit.
As for Ernie Hudson's Winston:
Eddie Murphy was offered the part of Winston Zeddemore, which was intended to be a much larger character at the time. The plan was for Zeddemore to have been hired as a Ghostbuster much earlier in the movie, and in the scene at the hotel, he would have been the one covered in green slime by the ghost Slimer, instead of Bill Murray.
Murphy's reaction to getting slimed would have been priceless, but going for the lead in Beverly Hills Cop rather than teaming up with Aykroyd again was a great call. It probably all worked out for the best.
In fact, between Ghostbusters, Beverly Hills Cop, and Sixteen Candles, you could make a case that 1984 was the biggest/most important year in modern cinematic comedy. Even Police Academy, Gremlins, Splash, and Romancing the Stone were huge that year, even though I don't like those movies so much.
Ghostbusters the best movie ever?
Forget Star Wars. Caitlin Moran says that Ghostbusters is the greatest movie ever made.
The Great Ghostbusters Campaign must start today. Here. Starting with this inarguable, scientific fact: Ghostbusters is still the most successful comedy film of all time, with a 1984 box-office return of $229.2 million. But this, of course, in turn, makes it the most successful film OF ALL TIME, FULL STOP — given that comedy is the supreme genre, and rules over every other format, such as "serious", "foreign" or "black and white".
(via @anildash)
danackroyd
An animated gif version of Ghostbusters…yes, the entire movie.
animatedgif


Razor blades will oftentimes be called in for various tasks. You will however realize that note that these razor blades can be applied in various ways that not so many people are familiar with. It is therefore necessary that we explore this for better understanding. Read more to learn more ways that these razor blades can be used.
It is possible for you to rely on these blades to scrape paint from your furniture. This will be done in a way that will actually not damage the finish. Paint spatters will often be found on furniture. These blades will be the most effective tools to rely on. You will be required to wrap one layer of masking tape around each edge of the blade. This blade will then have to be bent slightly in a way that curves. It is through this that you will be able to ensure that the spatters are knocked off without really touching the wood. You will have to make sure that the blade does remain in a perpendicular position in relation to the surface. This curving will actually ensure that you go to the depths that you desire. It is necessary to indicate that this will offer you the chance to replace any missing wood. This razor will be relied on for slicing a piece of epoxy that will be needed in this process. The razor will certainly be the right tool to depend on for the scraping of the surface where the epoxy is expected to be applied.
There is a possibility of using these razors on your clothes too. They can be applied in the removal of pills from your sweaters. You will note that a good number of these sweaters will pill particularly if there is constant rubbing with things such as backpacks. The razor will help you to shave the affected area. There is nothing easier than shaving the top layer of a fabric with a razor blade. It is also possible to remove paint from your clothes using these razor blades. They will actually be the ones to scratch off paint from these clothes.
You will also realize that most people use these blades to remove gunk from glass. There is a necessity of ensuring that conduct this process carefully. This will reduce the chances of breaking glass especially if pushed so hard. This is the same story when it comes to dishes. This will however require of you to wrap a dishcloth around it. This will give it a better leverage. They can also be used in scraping ice. It is quite useful in the event that the ice is on your windshield. Be cautious not to shutter the glass.


My name is Eric Sifuentes and I am honored to be the President of CASI for 2018-2019. I am looking forward to an exciting year with another CASI Code Summit in the Fall of 2019. We are also working on updated newsletters, more educational seminars, and expanded member benefits. If you are interested in helping CASI or have questions, please don't hesitate to contact myself or the Board, we are here to listen. I look forward to working with everyone as we endeavor to be the voice of access professionals in our community.


text:
Spencer, Frank Breese (1886–1965)
by Chris Cunneen
Frank Breese Spencer (1886-1965), company director, was born on 14 September 1886 at Goodna, Queensland, eighth child of English-born parents Thomas Spencer, leather-dresser, and his wife Annie Maria, née Breese. Educated at public schools, Frank worked as a clerk. On 7 December 1904 at Holy Trinity Church, Fortitude Valley, Brisbane, he married Emily Mary Bogue with Anglican rites.
Spencer joined Nestlé & Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co. as branch manager in 1913. He proved an efficient executive and managed (1914-26) the company's New Zealand operation. In 1921 the Nestlé & Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co. (Australasia) Ltd was formed to acquire the Australasian business of the Swiss-based parent company. Moving to Sydney, Spencer became joint manager of Nestlé for Australasia in 1926 and sole general manager in 1929; he was managing director in 1933-52 (and deputy-chairman from 1934). From 1942 he was chairman of directors of Nestlé in Australasia. After he was appointed a director of the parent holding company in Switzerland in 1946, he made annual visits to Europe. When he retired from the Nestlé Co. (Australia) Ltd in 1962 he was made honorary chairman.
A dynamic personality in the Australian confectionery trade, Spencer had come into the Manufacturing Confectioners' Association 'as smoothly and silently as a Rolls Royce' and 'burst into a veritable blaze of fireworks'. He built on the success that Nestlé had achieved under A. C. Hargrove, who had overseen the construction of a large plant at Abbotsford, Sydney, in 1917. Spencer had responsibility for guiding the business through the difficult times of the Depression and World War II. A convivial man, with a 'beatific smile', he strongly believed in the advantages of vigorous competition in his industry and admitted to being 'perhaps a little outspoken at times'.
Spencer was receptive to new ideas and quick to translate them into action. In 1934 Nestlé introduced an all-Australian innovation, Milo, a drink invented by Tom Mayne of Sydney. Made from a mixture of malt, cocoa and milk, it became a successful product, not only in Australia—which by 1999 was its third largest market behind Malaysia and the Philippines—but in some thirty other countries. Another product that Spencer had seen into production was the Winning Post assortment of chocolates (five ounces for a shilling) in 1933. That year Nestlé began advertising in cinemas.
'Greatly interested in matters of educational value', Spencer was elected a trustee of the Australian Museum in 1939; he became a crown trustee in 1958 and was president in 1960-61. He was a director (1939-48), deputy-chairman (from 1941) and chairman (1947-48) of the Australian Gas Light Co. through times of supply and labour difficulties. A member of the Union and New South Wales clubs (sometime president of the latter), and of the Auckland Club, New Zealand, he also belonged to the Australian Golf and Australian Jockey clubs, Sydney.
Spencer lived at Kirribilli until 1956 and then at Darling Point. Survived by his two daughters, he died at his home on 15 January 1965 and was buried in Northern Suburbs cemetery; his wife and son predeceased him. Nestlé continued to expand and to buy out its competitors.
Australian Museum, Report of Trustees, 1964 (Syd, 1964)
J. Heer, Nestlé (Vevey, Switzerland, 1991)
Australasian Confectioner and Soda Fountain Journal, 24 Feb 1928, 22 Mar, 22 June, 22 July 1933, May, July 1962, Feb 1965
Australian Museum Magazine, 1 Sept 1939, p 72
Sydney Morning Herald, 1 July 1921, 16 Jan 1965.
Chris Cunneen, 'Spencer, Frank Breese (1886–1965)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/spencer-frank-breese-11742/text20995, published first in hardcopy 2002, accessed online 2 February 2023.
Goodna, Queensland, Australia
Darling Point, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
company chief executive
confectioner


SMOKEV reports whether the respondent has ever smoked 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetime. In 1970 interviewers asked, "Has [person] smoked 100 cigarettes during his entire life?" In 1976-1977 and 1997 forward the question wording changed slightly, with interviewers asking, "Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in your entire life?"
The 1970 Field Representative's Manual instructed interviewers to "[e]xclude marijuana, a type of wild tobacco, (also called "pot" or "grass')" when accepting responses to the smoking-related questions.
According to the 1970 Manual, if respondents volunteered that they smoked cigarettes made of non-tobacco products, "such as lettuce or cabbage leaves," interviewers were to rephrase the question to, "Excluding any nontobacco cigarettes, have you smoked at least...?"
The 1997-2000 Field Representative's Manuals stated, "The questions in this section concern cigarette smoking only. Accept whatever the Sample Adult reports, except if it is volunteered that he/she smoked a pipe, cigars of any kind, marijuana, hashish, 'crack', or the like." The Manuals for 2001 forward define a cigarette as "anything the respondent reports except cigars or any kind of marijuana."
The 1970 Field Manual states that one hundred cigarettes is equal to five packs, but instructs interviewers to "ask the question as worded because the respondent might misinterpret 'five packs' as referring to five packs a day.
The variable CIGSDAY (Average number of cigarettes smoked per day: Current Smokers) is available for 1970, 1976-1977, and 1997 forward. The variable SMOKAGEREG (available for 1970 and 1997 forward) reports the age at which respondents first started to smoke "fairly regularly."
Along with changes in universe, procedural changes limit the comparability of this variable over time. In 1970, a respondent representing the family (a proxy) could answer the question associated with CIGSDAY for other family members age 17+. In 1976-1977 and 1997 forward, except in rare cases where disability precluded self-reporting, sample persons (1976-1977) and sample adults (1997 forward) answered the question themselves. Because self-reporting is likely to be more accurate than proxy reporting, researchers should exercise caution when comparing results between 1970 and 1976-1977/1997 forward.
1983; 1985; 1987; 1988: Sample persons age 18+.
1990-1992: Sample persons age 18+.
1993: Half of sample persons age 18+ in quarters 3 and 4 (excluded from AIDS supplement).
1994-1995: Half of sample persons age 18+ (excluded from AIDS supplement).


text:
Q: Regex comma separated sub string within a string I need to get key value pair from string using regex.
String is something like
country=xxx,state=yyy,city=zzz,

then this regex
([^,=]+?)(=)([^,=]+?),

gives me 3 different key value pairs but if I have multiple comma separated values then only first is selected.
For e.g.
country=xxx,state=yyy,city=zzz,pqr,

then for city pqr is dropped. I want to have both zzz,pqr for the city.

A: Well then you can't put a comma in those to-be-avoided chars, can you?
([^,=]+)(=)([^=]+),

A: If you don't want to allow consecutive comma's ,, you might repeat matching a comma followed by any char except a , or =
You could ddd \r\n to the character class if you don't want to cross newlines.
([^,=]+)=([^,=]+(?:,[^,=]+)*),

*

*([^,=]+) Capture b, match any char except , or =

*= Match literally

*( Capture group 2

*

*[^,=]+ Match 1+ times any char except , or =

*(?:,[^,=]+)* Repeat 0+ times matching the , followed by any char except , or =

*), Close group 2 and match trailing  ,
Regex demo
Note that you can omit the ? after [^,=]+? to make it non greedy as the negated character class can not match the following = in ([^,=]+?)(=)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Stock Markets... Buy the Dips!
"The best time to buy stock is when blood is running in the streets."
I hope that you have enough courage to enjoy the market's severe ups and downs!
But for most of you these are unsettling times, and you start sweating when you see your holdings decline by double-digit percentages!
But take courage, those movements may actually be good for you!
What should a careful investor do in a market downturn?
How can you avoid panic and make the best use of panic selling by others?
Dramatic dives in the stock market allow you to "Buy the Dips!" And the dips are so frequent these days, you don't even need to know when they will occur!
With stock prices flying up and down, chances are that on your next payday prices will be down, so you'll get more shares for your money.
You'll be enjoying cost averaging!
The more volatile the market and the more extreme the price fluctuations, the better off you'll be in the long run.
When prices swing wildly up and down, you will frequently have the opportunity to buy low.
As the stock market inches up over time, you'll enjoy greater gains than those who plunked all their money into the market when it was high, or who invested in a market that was slowly rising rather than wildly fluctuating!
You'll be buying stocks on sale!


Water Lily: Good for an ulcerated stomach but must be used carefully. It is most valuable as a wash for external ulcers. The juice from the flowers will remove freckles and sunburn.
Dog's Tooth Violet: Its expressed juice is good for dropsy, the leaves are cooling and healing, if placed on ulcerous growths. The root, simmered in milk will remove stomach worms and relieve an ulcerated stomach.
Chickweed: An ointment made from this is excellent for erysipelas. It enters largely into the herbal remedies for obesity. As a poultice it is good for ulcerous sores and as a tea will relieve an ulcerated stomach.
Honeysuckle: One of the best remedies for stomach cramps, the leaves only being used.
Lettuce: Also a Cancer plant and its soothing sedative properties are well known.


The anti-Sikh riots in 1984 and violence in Gujarat, after killing of 59 Ram Bhaktas in Godhra Railway Station, in 2002, and subsequent subversion of Criminal Justice System in Gujarat State, had inflicted infamy on the image of Indian State and its commitment to the Rule of Law. Unlike terrorist attacks and explosions, no communal riots can prolong unless the authorities avoid implementation of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), to control and contain mass violence and normalize public order. High Voltage mass violence was reported from 11 of 30 police administrative units of Gujarat. Significantly, volume of crime was directly proportionate to the commitment of law enforcers in police and Executive Magistracy, to implement SOP, ignoring extra-legal pressures from unauthorized quarters.


text:
Subscribe to New Research on Hydrogels
Water swollen, rigid, 3-dimensional network of cross-linked, hydrophilic macromolecules, 20-95% water. They are used in paints, printing inks, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Complex Mixtures: 485
Colloids: 3921
Gels: 1549
Hydrogels: 661
ameroid: 162
polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate hydrogels: 41
cryogel: 31
IntraSite Gel: 30
lotrafilcon A: 16
balafilcon A: 10
Aquamid: 9
Bulkamid: 6
Dermalive: 5
senofilcon A: 5
Aquavene: 4
lotrafilcon B: 4
BioLVR hydrogel: 3
SilvaSorb: 2
galyfilcon A: 1
comfilcon A
poly(1,2 propandiol methacrylate)
Dosage Forms: 534
Hydrogel: 1980
1. Tabata, Yasuhiko: 13 articles (12/2014 - 01/2003)
2. Gerecht, Sharon: 8 articles (12/2015 - 12/2011)
3. Burdick, Jason A: 8 articles (05/2015 - 04/2011)
4. Singh, Baljit: 8 articles (04/2014 - 08/2008)
5. Prestwich, Glenn D: 7 articles (06/2010 - 03/2006)
6. Syková, Eva: 6 articles (11/2015 - 10/2006)
7. Mooney, David J: 6 articles (09/2014 - 07/2007)
8. Xu, Keming: 5 articles (01/2016 - 09/2005)
9. Chen, Xuesi: 5 articles (01/2016 - 12/2013)
10. Bryant, Stephanie J: 5 articles (02/2015 - 06/2010)
05/01/2015 - "Despite this, the presence of transfected cells shows promise for the use of polyplex-loaded porous hydrogels for local gene delivery in the treatment of diabetic wounds. "
12/01/2014 - "Cyclodextrin-based hydrogels toward improved wound dressings."
09/01/2002 - "Use of locally applied occlusive hydrogels holds promise for hemostasis and local wound control during laparoscopic urologic procedures."
10/20/2015 - "In vivo wound healing studies, conducted on a rat model of excised wound indicated that after 5 days ALG/HA hydrogels significantly promoted wound closure as compared to ALG ones (p<0.001). "
11/01/2012 - "In vivo wound healing study was performed by injecting hydrogels on rat dorsal wounds. "
01/01/2013 - "Encapsulation of therapeutically engineered stem cells in hydrogels has been utilized to provide a physical barrier to protect the cells from hostile extrinsic factors and significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy of transplanted stem cells in different models of cancer. "
03/01/2002 - "Therapeutic efficacy of IL-2-loaded hydrogels in a mouse tumor model."
04/07/2014 - "Low-molecular weight hydrogels have already shown promise in biomedical applications as diverse as 3D-cell culture, enzyme immobilization, controllable MSC differentiation, wound healing, drug delivery etc. Here we review the recent development in the use of low-molecular weight hydrogels for cancer therapy, which may be helpful in the design of soft materials for drug delivery. "
12/01/2013 - "Therefore, the polypeptide-based thermosensitive hydrogels designed in the present study have great potential to serve as an effective platform for localized anti-cancer drug delivery."
03/28/2013 - "Histological studies confirmed that tumor tissues in mice treated with IFN-α2a-incorporated HA-Tyr hydrogels showed lower cell density, with more apoptotic and less proliferating cells compared with tissues treated with an IFN-α2a solution. "
3. Myocardial Infarction
11/01/2012 - "Epicardial application of HA-blood hydrogels improved left ventricular ejection fraction following myocardial infarction (p=0.01). "
03/01/2015 - "Hydrogels are being actively investigated for direct delivery of cells or bioactive molecules to the heart after myocardial infarction (MI) to prevent cardiac functional loss. "
03/01/2015 - "Hydrogels with integrin-binding angiopoietin-1-derived peptide, QHREDGS, for treatment of acute myocardial infarction."
08/26/2014 - "To evaluate this hypothesis, a rat model with acute myocardial infarction was used, and the therapeutic hydrogels were injected intramyocardially in the peri-infarct regions. "
11/01/2012 - "HA-blood hydrogels are highly adhesive, biodegradable, promote CDC survival and increase cardiac function following epicardial application after myocardial infarction."
06/08/2015 - "The therapeutic effect of HA hydrogels was further investigated in IL-1β induced inflammation on NP cell cultures and the mechanism of HA by examining the expression of cell surface receptor of CD44. "
01/01/2015 - "There were no signs of increased inflammation due to the application of the hydrogels. "
01/01/2014 - "HA-based hydrogels, especially as a vehicle for stem cells, have been demonstrated to improve the process of cardiac repair by stimulating angiogenesis, reducing inflammation, and supporting local and grafted cells in their reparative functions. "
12/01/2012 - "Transduction rate can be controlled by the hydrogels' polyHis concentration and is sensitive to localized decreases in pH consistent with inflammation. "
04/01/2011 - "Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the prepared hydrogels have appropriate technological parameters and therefore in the future they may become potential drugs for the treatment of various inflammations in the oral cavity."
5. Infection
12/01/2014 - "Hence, it was clear that the developed hydrogels can be used effectively for preventing and treating infections."
08/01/2014 - "The up-regulation of NTCP expression and restoration of hepatocyte-like polarity in our hydrogels also shed light on future study of hepatitis B virus infection in vitro."
01/09/2013 - "This study not only broadened the application and opened up a new door for biomedical applications of molecular hydrogels but also might provide a novel strategy to counteract infection diseases through selective surface-induced hydrogelations at pathogens, such as bacteria and virus."
04/01/2015 - "To be efficient, vaginal microbicide hydrogels should form a barrier against viral infections and prevent virus spreading through mucus. "
01/01/2015 - "To this end, in the last few years many hydrogels have been designed as matrices for antimicrobial molecules destined to fight frequent infection found in moist environments like the oral cavity. "
1. Hydrogel
2. Polymers
3. Gelatin
5. Gels
6. Paclitaxel (Taxol)
7. Dextrans (Dextran)
8. Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate (PHEMA)
9. Collagen Type I (Type I Collagen)
10. tebufenozide (Mimic)
1. Injections
4. Microspheres (Microsphere)
5. Transplants (Transplant)


But federal agents might have different plans.
If hundreds of marijuana activists spark up during President-elect Donald Trump's inaugural address (which is their plan), it is unlikely that they will be arrested, according to a report from the Associated Press.
At a recent new conference, District of Columbia Mayor Muriel Bowser told reporters that law enforcement would not give much attention to those peaceful protestors who decide to fire up joints during the upcoming presidential inauguration. Bowser said it "wouldn't be our first priority" to arrest people for smoking weed.
It was revealed earlier last week that the D.C. Cannabis Coalition (DCMJ), the group responsible for legalizing marijuana in the nation's capital, is planning to march from DuPont Circle to the National Mall, where Trump is to be sworn in on January 20. They will then be distributing exactly 4,200 joints to those in attendance to see the reality star become the next President of the United States.
Although it sounds unlikely that District police will swoop in and take action against protesters who light up four minutes and twenty seconds into Trump's first address as Commander-in-chief, there is still a possibility that federal agents could.
While marijuana possession (up to two ounces) is completely legal in the District, it remains against the law to have it on federal property. It is for this reason that organizers in the DCMJ want participants to know that there is still a possibility that they could be dragged to jail – even if city officials take hands-off approach to the situation.
Incidentally, the DCMJ is the same group who staged a highly publicized "smoke-in" last year outside the White House. No arrests were reported.


text:
Relationship between salt intake as estimated by a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ) and 24-h urinary salt excretion in hypertensive patients
Satoko Sakata, Takuya Tsuchihashi, Hideyuki Oniki, Mitsuhiro Tominaga, Kimika Arakawa, Minako Sakaki, Takanari Kitazono
Center for Cohort Studies
Assessing an individual's salt intake is necessary for providing guidance with respect to salt restriction. However, the methods that exist for assessing salt intake have both merits and limitations. Therefore, the evaluation methods should be selected for their appropriateness to the patients and the environment of the medical facilities. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the validity of a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ) by comparing the responses with 24-h urinary salt excretion. A total of 136 hypertensive outpatients (54 men and 82 women) were included in this study. All subjects were given the BDHQ and performed 24-h home urine collection. The energy-adjusted salt intake as assessed by the BDHQ was 12.3 (95% confidence interval: 11.8-12.9) g per day, and the urinary salt excretion evaluated by 24-h urinary collection was 9.0 (8.4-9.5) g per day. The energy-adjusted salt intake assessed by the BDHQ correlated significantly with the urinary salt excretion evaluated by 24-h urinary collection (r=0.34, P<0.001). In conclusion, the estimated salt intake evaluated by the BDHQ weakly, but significantly, correlated with 24-h urinary salt excretion. In clinical practice, it seems important to utilize both methods to assess an individual's salt intake in order to provide adequate guidance for salt restriction.
Hypertension Research
https://doi.org/10.1038/hr.2015.35
Urine Specimen Collection
Sakata, S., Tsuchihashi, T., Oniki, H., Tominaga, M., Arakawa, K., Sakaki, M., & Kitazono, T. (2015). Relationship between salt intake as estimated by a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ) and 24-h urinary salt excretion in hypertensive patients. Hypertension Research, 38(8), 560-563. https://doi.org/10.1038/hr.2015.35
Relationship between salt intake as estimated by a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ) and 24-h urinary salt excretion in hypertensive patients. / Sakata, Satoko; Tsuchihashi, Takuya; Oniki, Hideyuki; Tominaga, Mitsuhiro; Arakawa, Kimika; Sakaki, Minako; Kitazono, Takanari.
In: Hypertension Research, Vol. 38, No. 8, 08.08.2015, p. 560-563.
Sakata, S, Tsuchihashi, T, Oniki, H, Tominaga, M, Arakawa, K, Sakaki, M & Kitazono, T 2015, 'Relationship between salt intake as estimated by a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ) and 24-h urinary salt excretion in hypertensive patients', Hypertension Research, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 560-563. https://doi.org/10.1038/hr.2015.35
Sakata S, Tsuchihashi T, Oniki H, Tominaga M, Arakawa K, Sakaki M et al. Relationship between salt intake as estimated by a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ) and 24-h urinary salt excretion in hypertensive patients. Hypertension Research. 2015 Aug 8;38(8):560-563. https://doi.org/10.1038/hr.2015.35
Sakata, Satoko ; Tsuchihashi, Takuya ; Oniki, Hideyuki ; Tominaga, Mitsuhiro ; Arakawa, Kimika ; Sakaki, Minako ; Kitazono, Takanari. / Relationship between salt intake as estimated by a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ) and 24-h urinary salt excretion in hypertensive patients. In: Hypertension Research. 2015 ; Vol. 38, No. 8. pp. 560-563.
@article{b9ace300845d4f98a2fbb34b3cf28156,
title = "Relationship between salt intake as estimated by a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ) and 24-h urinary salt excretion in hypertensive patients",
abstract = "Assessing an individual's salt intake is necessary for providing guidance with respect to salt restriction. However, the methods that exist for assessing salt intake have both merits and limitations. Therefore, the evaluation methods should be selected for their appropriateness to the patients and the environment of the medical facilities. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the validity of a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ) by comparing the responses with 24-h urinary salt excretion. A total of 136 hypertensive outpatients (54 men and 82 women) were included in this study. All subjects were given the BDHQ and performed 24-h home urine collection. The energy-adjusted salt intake as assessed by the BDHQ was 12.3 (95{\%} confidence interval: 11.8-12.9) g per day, and the urinary salt excretion evaluated by 24-h urinary collection was 9.0 (8.4-9.5) g per day. The energy-adjusted salt intake assessed by the BDHQ correlated significantly with the urinary salt excretion evaluated by 24-h urinary collection (r=0.34, P<0.001). In conclusion, the estimated salt intake evaluated by the BDHQ weakly, but significantly, correlated with 24-h urinary salt excretion. In clinical practice, it seems important to utilize both methods to assess an individual's salt intake in order to provide adequate guidance for salt restriction.",
author = "Satoko Sakata and Takuya Tsuchihashi and Hideyuki Oniki and Mitsuhiro Tominaga and Kimika Arakawa and Minako Sakaki and Takanari Kitazono",
doi = "10.1038/hr.2015.35",
journal = "Hypertension Research",
T1 - Relationship between salt intake as estimated by a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ) and 24-h urinary salt excretion in hypertensive patients
AU - Sakata, Satoko
AU - Tsuchihashi, Takuya
AU - Oniki, Hideyuki
AU - Tominaga, Mitsuhiro
AU - Arakawa, Kimika
AU - Sakaki, Minako
AU - Kitazono, Takanari
N2 - Assessing an individual's salt intake is necessary for providing guidance with respect to salt restriction. However, the methods that exist for assessing salt intake have both merits and limitations. Therefore, the evaluation methods should be selected for their appropriateness to the patients and the environment of the medical facilities. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the validity of a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ) by comparing the responses with 24-h urinary salt excretion. A total of 136 hypertensive outpatients (54 men and 82 women) were included in this study. All subjects were given the BDHQ and performed 24-h home urine collection. The energy-adjusted salt intake as assessed by the BDHQ was 12.3 (95% confidence interval: 11.8-12.9) g per day, and the urinary salt excretion evaluated by 24-h urinary collection was 9.0 (8.4-9.5) g per day. The energy-adjusted salt intake assessed by the BDHQ correlated significantly with the urinary salt excretion evaluated by 24-h urinary collection (r=0.34, P<0.001). In conclusion, the estimated salt intake evaluated by the BDHQ weakly, but significantly, correlated with 24-h urinary salt excretion. In clinical practice, it seems important to utilize both methods to assess an individual's salt intake in order to provide adequate guidance for salt restriction.
AB - Assessing an individual's salt intake is necessary for providing guidance with respect to salt restriction. However, the methods that exist for assessing salt intake have both merits and limitations. Therefore, the evaluation methods should be selected for their appropriateness to the patients and the environment of the medical facilities. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the validity of a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire (BDHQ) by comparing the responses with 24-h urinary salt excretion. A total of 136 hypertensive outpatients (54 men and 82 women) were included in this study. All subjects were given the BDHQ and performed 24-h home urine collection. The energy-adjusted salt intake as assessed by the BDHQ was 12.3 (95% confidence interval: 11.8-12.9) g per day, and the urinary salt excretion evaluated by 24-h urinary collection was 9.0 (8.4-9.5) g per day. The energy-adjusted salt intake assessed by the BDHQ correlated significantly with the urinary salt excretion evaluated by 24-h urinary collection (r=0.34, P<0.001). In conclusion, the estimated salt intake evaluated by the BDHQ weakly, but significantly, correlated with 24-h urinary salt excretion. In clinical practice, it seems important to utilize both methods to assess an individual's salt intake in order to provide adequate guidance for salt restriction.
U2 - 10.1038/hr.2015.35
DO - 10.1038/hr.2015.35
JO - Hypertension Research
JF - Hypertension Research
10.1038/hr.2015.35


text:
PNE News
PNE Match Reports
PNE Transfer News
Preston North End's Joe Rafferty is finding playing on the left a big football education
Published: 17:00 Thursday 16 January 2020
It is no longer a surprise to see Joe Rafferty operating as Preston's left-back and the Liverpudlian is keen to further his education with regards to playing there.
Of the 22 starts Rafferty has made this season, 20 of them have been on the left-hand side of PNE's defence. For someone who has been moved out of his natural right-back berth, that is some statistic.
Preston left-back Joe Rafferty holds off Blackburn striker Sam Gallagher at Ewood Park
One of his two starts on the right only lasted 44 minutes with him sent-off against Fulham in December.
Another game on the left looks likely to be coming Rafferty's way when the Lilywhites host Charlton at Deepdale on Saturday (3pm).
His homework to play there is an ongoing thing for the 26-year-old.
Rafferty said: "As a kid I tried to practice with both feet. My left foot isn't perfect and never will be, neither is my right by the way!
"I can kick and pass with my left foot and if I'm in a situation where I can't do that, I will use my right.
"I'm a defender and a lot of the game is about your positioning.
"What I've learned over the years playing on the right, I'm using on the left.
"You have got to make sure you get your angles and position correct.
"During training the manager mentions things to me about playing as a left-back but a lot of his focus is on team shape and how you fit in.
"I watch a lot of football in my spare time, probably a bit too much, and I'm always looking to learn from the games I see.
"Seeing someone caught out of position in a game is something you can learn a lot from.
Championship transfer news RECAP: DONE DEAL Preston North End exit, with AC MILAN keen on Wigan Athletic player
"There are some great players you see in the games on television and you can pick things up.
"Sometimes I watch the game for pleasure, if Liverpool are playing I will jump around and celebrate if they score.
"But there are other games I will watch and in those I'll study how the left-back plays."
A series of injuries to hit Andrew Hughes this season have led to Rafferty's predominant use on the left.
While Hughes made the left-back role his own for much of last season, this campaign he has managed only 12 appearances.
Six of those came in a run in December before he hurt his ankle playing against Middlesbrough on New Year's Day.
Said Rafferty: "It is not a massive bother for me to play on the left.
"I played there a few times for Rochdale, not a lot to be fair.
"What is a bit strange in football is how you find quite a few right-footed players on the left but not the other way round.
"It's a bit different for wingers, you can play them on the opposite side to allow them to cut in.
"But left-back over to right-back probably doesn't happen too often.
"That is one of those unanswered questions in football."
North End are likely to face their former loan player Andre Green in Saturday's clash.
The winger was on loan from Aston Villa for the first half of the season but appeared in only six matches – four of them as a susbtitute.
Green, 21, joined Charlton on loan earlier this month and has started the two games he has been available for.
If as expected, Green operates as a left-winger he will be on the opposite side to Rafferty.
But if he switches to the Addicks' right, Rafferty will be marking him.
Said Rafferty: "Andre was a good lad, a bit quiet to be fair.
"When I was suspended last month and Andre was here, we did a lot of one-v-one work in training.
"That could help me or it could help him.
"Whoever plays against him, it will be a stern test because he's a good player.
"It didn't really work out here for Andre but he's gone to another club on loan from Aston Villa."
With PNE's last win coming on December 14 against Luton, they could really do with three points when the Addicks come to the town.
They start the weekend in 10th place, in contrast to going top of the division when they beat Charlton at The Valley in November.
Rafferty said: "When we were winning most weeks earlier in the season, we weren't that naive to think we would win every game.
"We knew there would be patches when things didn't go as well as other times.
"At the moment we aren't far off away from being where we want to, we are within a few points.
"We haven't had a good run of late but a couple of good results would put us right back in the mix.
"When we played Charlton at their place it wasn't a fantastic game but we got the job done and won 1-0.
"We obviously aren't in as good a position now as we were then but we've got a lot of games ahead of us.
"Last week we got a draw at Blackburn so at least we have something to build on coming back to Deepdale."
Drunk elderly driver drives wrong way on M6 before colliding with 2 cars
Highways chiefs confirm M6 in Lancashire WILL be closed all weekend


text:
package com.zaradai.gluon.cars;

import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;

import java.util.*;

public enum CarDB {
    INSTANCE;

    private final Map<String, Collection<Car>> carByMake;
    private final Map<String, Car> carByModel;

    CarDB() {
        carByModel = Maps.newHashMap();
        carByMake = Maps.newHashMap();
        hydrate();
    }

    private void hydrate() {
        addCar(new Car("Audi", "A3"));
        addCar(new Car("Ford", "Fiesta"));
        addCar(new Car("Ford", "Focus"));
        addCar(new Car("Ford", "Mondeo"));
        addCar(new Car("Skoda", "Yeti"));
        addCar(new Car("Volvo", "V40"));
    }

    private void addCar(Car car) {
        carByMake.computeIfAbsent(car.getMake(), (key) -> Sets.newHashSet()).add(car);
        carByModel.put(car.getModel(), car);
    }

    public Optional<Car> getByModel(String model) {
        return Optional.ofNullable(carByModel.get(model));
    }

    public Set<Car> getByMake(String make) {
        return Sets.newHashSet(carByMake.getOrDefault(make, Collections.EMPTY_SET));
    }
}