Plz educate us on what is salat in your own words and not by referring Dr. Shabbir.
Using quran to negate quran is unique from you. If salat (prayer) is not quranic, then why so many ayets on details for wazoo, timings, night prayers, cleanliness and prophets reference, global following. By not accepting them its no use convincing every one that prayer is just waste of time.
Lets accept your scholarly views on salat, then let us know what is it. How a 7 billion world will survive with your noble ideas. Plz dont bring trade in gold coin etc as your wishes. Comparison of going to mosque with lines in McDonald is strange.


This entry was posted in Abraham, Activity Sheet, Isaac, OT Crafts, Printables and tagged Abraham, Abraham offers Isaac, altar, bush, commands, God, Isaac, offering, offers, puzzle, ram, substitute.
This entry was posted in Abraham, Coloring Page, Isaac, Printables and tagged Abraham, bible crafts, color, coloring page, craft, crafts, God, Isaac, knife, lamb, mountain, obedience, offers, print out, printables, ram, sacrifices, son, substitute.
A person of faith walks ahead in obedience even though they do not see the outcome of the situation. Faith acts on the promises of God. Abraham did not know how Gods promise of many decedents would be fulfilled if he sacrificed Isaac, but he still obeyed God. He still trusted and had faith that God was going to keep His promises.
Glue the template onto a sheet of construction paper. This will give support to the craft.
Cut out the template. If you like you can leave a small border of construction paper.
Color the legs, horns and face of the ram.
Cut cotton balls into four pieces and glue them onto the rams body, tail and ears. If you like you could use small white craft pom poms.
This entry was posted in Abraham, Bible Crafts, Isaac, OT Crafts and tagged Abraham, bible, bible crafts, craft, crafts, Isaac, offering, promise, ram, sacrifice, sheep.


text:
eTACT
Archaeological Projects
Home » ABZU » Search » Arthur Evans Archive (Knossos excavations)
Arthur Evans Archive (Knossos excavations)
URL: http://www2.odl.ox.ac.uk/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?site=localhost&a=p&p=about&c=sackle02&ct=0&l=en&w=iso-8859-1
Format: Website
Publisher: Ocford Digital Library
Publication City: Oxford
Source: Oxford Digital Library
"The Arthur Evans archive consists of the archaeological records and papers of Sir Arthur Evans (Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, 1884-1908), which he bequeathed to the Museum on his death in 1941. A large part of these relate to his excavations at the Bronze Age site of Knossos on Crete, carried out between 1900 and 1931.Of particular importance are the series of architectural plans and elevations and archaeological sections, which relate both to the architecture of the site as it was uncovered and to the reconstructions carried out in situ by Evans and his architects. These reveal information not disclosed in the selectively published plans and/or obscured by the restorations. The series of fresco reconstruction drawings, which reveal different stages and versions of reconstruction also have a crucial role in revealing information about the original state of the frescoes lost or obscured in the published reconstructions"
Crete,
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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Ampache

Pour l'Amour de la Musique.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Iraq: Prime Minister Condemns Baghdad Bombings
February 02, 2008 14:45 GMT
An Iraqi soldier at the site of the Al-Ghazil market (AFP) Iraq's Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki has expressed outrage at the February 1 twin market bombings in Baghdad that killed nearly 100 people -- and he vowed to continue striving for security.
Al-Maliki said the attackers' apparent use of two mentally disabled women to carry out the bombings showed their "moral degradation" and how much they "hate mankind."
In a statement, the prime minister also swore on the blood of the victims that the government will achieve its goals in securing a stable Iraq. Al-Maliki said the terrorists will be crushed and their strongholds targeted.
Officials said the blasts at two markets in Baghdad left 99 people dead and up to 200 wounded.
The death toll was the worst in Baghdad since April 18, when multiple car bombings killed 191 people around the city.
The first device was detonated at the busy Al-Ghazil animal market, which had been a previous target for attacks, while another bomb tore through a crowded market in the Jadida area of east Baghdad.
Earlier today, Iraq's chief military spokesman in Baghdad, General Qassim Ata al-Musawi, said the attacks were carried out by women who both had Down's syndrome and may not have understood they were being used for suicide missions.
Al-Musawi said the explosives they carried were detonated by remote control.
Al-Qaeda in Iraq, blamed by the U.S. military for most other large-scale bombings, has increasingly used women wearing suicide vests to carry out strikes.
Attacks have fallen dramatically across Iraq since June 2007, when 30,000 extra U.S. troops were deployed.
Some 20,000 combat soldiers are to be withdrawn from Iraq by the middle of this year, leaving around 135,000 U.S. soldiers in the country.
RFE/RL Iraq Report
SUBSCRIBE For weekly news and analysis on Iraq by e-mail, subscribe to "RFE/RL Iraq Report."
Iraq Ready For 'Decisive' Battle With Al-Qaeda
Iraqi Parliament Approves New Flag, But Only Temporarily
Iraq On Alert For Shi'ite Festival


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text:
Gold and Glory: The Road to El Dorado
The Road to El Dorado Review
While the game's plot and gameplay are standard, it's eye-candy that El Dorado excels in. Miguel and Tulio walk, jump, crawl, and meander with countless frames of animation.
By Frank Provo on May 17, 2006 at 3:09PM PDT
At the box office, the Road to El Dorado scored moderate success with its portrayal of two fortune seekers searching for the lost city of gold. Hoping to capitalize on the license, Ubi Soft presents its Game Boy Color rendition, titled Gold and Glory: The Road to El Dorado. Just as in the film, you'll play as Miguel and Tulio as they scour the Amazon in search of the famed city of El Dorado - with the evil Cortez hot on their trail.
As far as the actual game goes, El Dorado is a tried-and-true platformer. As Miguel and Tulio, you'll traverse to and fro, up and down, and all around through 20 treasure-hunting levels. There's jumping, climbing, bounding, and plenty of swordplay. Since it's an animated license, no one ever really dies - they just sort of disappear in a puff of smoke. The control is forgivingly precise, while each level's treasure is hidden in a more arcane spot than the next, making for a comfortably increasing difficulty level. Every three levels there's a boss-character to fight, usually requiring tricky swordplay or the dodging of rapidly incoming objects. The game also lets you unlock secrets in other Ubi games via the GBC's infrared port. El Dorado sticks to the formula that Virgin began with its Disney titles, so if you're someone who enjoys exploring every level of a platformer without frills, this game's for you.
While the game's plot and gameplay are standard, it's eye-candy that El Dorado excels in. Miguel and Tulio walk, jump, crawl, and meander with countless frames of animation. Each level is lushly colored, overwhelmingly detailed, and brimming with cartoonish nuances. From beckoning street urchins and flowing clotheslines to slithering snakes and crashing waterfalls, the game is a beauty to watch. Few games actually take advantage of the Game Boy Color's larger color palette, but this one certainly does, especially with its numerous film-quality cutscenes. There is sprite repetition later in the game, especially in the "ruins" levels, but such a qualm is minor in relation to the overall picture.
Contrary to expectation, El Dorado's sound isn't bad either. Each area has its own distinct theme, with enough notes and chords to make you forget that you're listening to the GBC's diminutive speaker. The tunes are catchy, and they fit the levels they're paired with. As for the game's sound effects - the number of footsteps, sword clashes, crashing sounds, water splashes, and other assorted tidbits is enough to please even cynical gamers. Some effects aren't clear at times, and the overall audio quality doesn't beat Nintendo's recent offerings by any means, but El Dorado is pleasing to the ears nevertheless.
In many ways, it's difficult to review a game that takes an existing standard and simply excels at that formula. Such is the case with El Dorado in that you want to score it low for value and gameplay, but the sheer refinement of plot coupled with the game's delicious visuals makes such a task difficult. Ubi Soft has transformed the entire plot of the movie into a highly delightful game, one that any Game Boy owner could be proud to own.
Best VR Headset 2021: Top Virtual Reality Headsets For PC
About GameSpot Reviews
Frank Provo
More GameSpot Reviews


text:
..And Full as Much Heart
The official site of writer Elizabeth Huhn
The Civil War and Memory
. . . And An Englishman in (Bleeding) Kansas
...Or Squatter Life and Border Warfare
While getting into the spirit of rewriting an old WIP (Channing, by name), I started brushing up on the events of Bleeding Kansas. It's surprising to me that more people aren't acutely aware of this episode of American history, but I think most people would stare at your blankly if you asked them about Bleeding Kansas. (Kansans would probably be the exception.)
In the mid-1850's, small-scale civil war broke out in the territory of Kansas, just a few years before the Civil War engulfed the nation as a whole. It was a preview of what was to come, with bloody little battles, high passions, and remarkable characters. John Brown and his sons famously hacked five pro-slavery men to death at Pottawatomie Creek. The Free State town of Lawrence (where my grandmother's family lived) was sacked; the hotel, the biggest building in the territory, was destroyed, and two printing offices were ransacked and the presses tossed into the river. The violence never really stopped until the Civil War finally settled the question of slavery for good.
So what caused this crisis in Kansas? Specifically, it was the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. Ever since the Constitution in 1789, there had been a series of crises and compromises to do with slavery: the three-fifths compromise, the Missouri Compromise, the Nullification Crisis, the Compromise of 1850. The trouble was that these were thin veneers over the very real, very deep-seated differences between the North and South (which isn't to say that the North and South weren't intimately interwoven in myriad ways). This was becoming more and more apparent by the mid-1850's, and Abraham Lincoln stated it best when he said that ultimately the country must become all one thing or all the other. There was no way it could continue to be so divided. There was no middle ground, as the failure of the repeated compromises demonstrated. Either slavery was acceptable, or it wasn't.
In 1854, Kansas and Nebraska were being organized as territories, and the old difficulty reared its ugly head: would these be slave territories or free territories? This was more than an existential question of what was best for Kansas and Nebraska The carefully-maintained balance in the Senate between free and slave states was at stake. Tensions rose. But in stepped the Little Giant, Stephen A Douglas, Senator from Illinois. He proposed "popular sovereignty" on the question of slavery: let the people vote on whether to allow slavery. After all, this is a democracy, is it not?
The difficulty is, of course, that questions of morality can't be put to a vote that way. Democracy can't mean that 51% of the people can simply do whatever they please. There has to be a "higher law", as Seward put it.
But the law was passed, and Kansas and Nebraska became "popular sovereignty" territories, though apparently it was Kansas everyone cared about (sorry, Nebraska). In short order, Missourians started pouring over the border to vote fraudulently in Kansas elections, while Emigrant Aid Societies in New England sent Free-Soilers to settle the new territory. Rival constitutions and governments were established, and it didn't take long for the Border Ruffians (Missourians) and the Jayhawkers (Free-Soilers) to begin clashing.
In any case (and that explanation was much longer than I meant it to be), I came across a book called An Englishman in Kansas, or Squatter Life and Border Warfare, about the experiences of an Englishman named T.H. Gladstone in Kansas during the crisis there. It's entirely evident that he despises the Border Ruffians, but I'm alright with that. He paints a vivid picture of the ugliness of the whole situation and of Kansas as a place at that time--a dangerous, violent, almost absurdly topsy-turvy place where right is wrong and wrong is right.
Also of interest to me was the introduction by Frederick Law Olmsted, who was, among other things, the man who created Central Park in New York City. He makes very pointed remarks about the hypocrisy and moral ugliness of slavery. Perhaps the most striking passage for me was the following one. It may be an entirely, or partially, fabricated, but it has power because it's entirely plausible. The last phrase ties in with the first sentence and neatly sums up the point: terror was the order of the day. Any appearance of safety and of obedience from the enslaved people was only a product of well-founded and constantly-cultivated fear:
But, 'Planters sleep unguarded, and with their bedroom doors open.' . . .
It is but a few months since, in Georgia, or Alabama, a man treated another precisely as Mr. Brooks treated Mr. Sumner, coming up behind him, with the fury of a madman, and felling him with a bludgeon*; killing him by the first blow, however, and then discharging vengeance by repeated strokes on his senseless body. The man thus pitifully abused had been the master of the other, a remarkably confiding and merciful master, it was said—too much so; "it never does to be too slack with a nigger." By such indiscretion [i.e. being too lax] he brought his death upon him. But did his assassin escape? He was roasted, at a slow fire, on the spot of the murder, in the presence of many thousand slaves driven [from their homes] to the ground from all the adjoining counties, and when, at length, his life went out, the fire was intensified until his body was in ashes, which were scattered to the winds and trampled under foot. Then "magistrates and clergymen" addressed appropriate warnings to the assembled subjects.
It was no indiscretion to leave doors open again that night.
*Famously, Mr. Brooks, a Southerner, attacked Senator Charles Sumner on the Senate floor, beating him senseless. Brooks felt that Sumner had insulted his family in a speech Sumner gave about the slavery question. Sumner was famously anti-slavery.
Posted by Elizabeth Huhn at 6:01 PM No comments:
. . . And How Aly Raisman Informed My Writing
Unless you have been living under a rock, you will almost certainly be aware of the upheaval that has been taking place in USA Gymnastics. Just in case you aren't aware, former team doctor Larry Nassar pleaded guilty to sexually abusing well over a hundred and fifty young women and girls, all of it under the guise of "medical treatment." He worked with the national team for decades, and so many of the gymnasts I have known and loved were among those who came forward publicly as victims: Alexandra Raisman, Gabrielle Douglas, Jordyn Weiber, Simone Biles, Jamie Dantzscher and many, many others. These facts were in the news; the story was getting a lot of coverge. But what really gave this story its power (and got the attention of newspapers and the evening news) was the sentencing phase. Part of the sentencing phase was the "victim statements". Since Nassar had already pleaded guilty, the only question was how much time he would serve for his crimes (hint: a very long time). Originally, something like 80 young women were going to make statements. However, as things got underway, there were more and more of these young women (I don't like the terms "victim" or "survivor", really; "victim" seems to take away any sense of power, and "survivor" makes the thing they went through sound passive or internal, like cancer). Over 160 women and girls ended up telling their stories.
"Little girls don't stay little forever. They grow into strong women that return to destroy your world." --Kyle Stephens
I'm not the only one who was moved. People from all over the world were blown away by these young women's stories and the power with which the stories were told. Their words were put on banners for women's marches and repeated all across social media. Their words became soundbites. There stories were everywhere.
I may have been more touched than your average person (though less so than some!). I knew so many of these young ladies as athletes, because I follow gymnastics avidly (and have done so since 1996--and if you look closely, you can see Larry Nassar at Kerri Strug's side after she injured her ankle so famously). So I was floored to hear about all this sordid slime going on behind the scenes. And while I do, of course, mean Nassar, I also mean the enabling, destructive atmosphere that allowed him to continue his abusive behavior.
Make no mistake: those who are familiar with the sport know--have always known--that ugly things are always lurking around its edges. Things like verbal and emotional abuse and eating disorders and political intrigue are open secrets. To hear this all cracked wide open, however, was intense and illuminating.
It was so intense and so illuminating because this was about sexual abuse, but it was also about so much more. It was about how abuse happens, how people are manipulated and brainwashed and tricked. It was about what happens to the psyche of those who experience it. It was about what it does to individuals and families.
"The tables have turned, Larry. We have our voices, and we are not going anywhere." --Aly Raisman
Mattie Larson talked about banging her head on the tub so that she wouldn't have to go to practice, because she couldn't stand to be there anymore, in an environment of mental and sexual assault. Several young woman talked about suicidal moments. One woman's father didn't believe her when she told him as a girl about Larry; when he finally believed her, his guilt may have contributed his suicide.
It was only tangentially about Larry Nassar, only tangentially about even these particular cases. It was about the human toll that it all takes. One thing that was repeated over and over was the fact that the people who experienced the abuse thought it must be alright--he's a doctor or he's worked with so many Olympians or I'm making too big a deal of this.
I took so much away from what I heard from the 156 people who gave impact statements, and it informed me as a writer. I'm currently working on a project where the main character, a young woman, is taken advantage of and then abused physically and emotionally. The question is, what does that do to a person? I've never experienced such abuse. Many of those who suffer abuse don't speak about it openly (as is their right).
Listening to the impact statements at the trial helped me understand the way such abuse seeps into the minds of the abused and causes all kinds of havoc. It causes doubt--it causes confusion--it causes shame--it causes a disconnect from one's own personality and feelings. Over and over, those who were abused described being confused, because everyone and everything around them told them that what was happening was alright, that their feelings of discomfort were simply wrong. They began to doubt everything they thought and felt. It didn't just affect them sometimes, or when they were in the gym. It affected how they thought and felt all the time.
I wanted to show how such an abusive atmosphere could affect my character. I considered the way it might change her entire thought process. Will it make him angry. I thought of how it might change her reactions to things and how she sees herself and even what she does. Most of all, I wanted to show that she was still very much herself.
There are a thousand reasons why the stores of these young ladies are so important. The real impact of abuse is so often hidden away. It's important for such stories to be told.
Labels: aly raisman, fiction, historical fiction, kyle stephens, writing
Moving the Lock-keeper's House
A little while back, I posted an update on the old Lock-Keeper's House on Constitution Avenue here in DC. In case you haven't been keeping tabs on this (who are you and why don't you care, by the way??), the Lock-keeper's House is one of the oldest structures in DC (c. 1836). It used to be home to the lock-keeper, who watched over the C&O Canal Extension, which connected the C&O (that's Chesapeake and Ohio) with the Washington Canal, which was located where Constitution Ave is now. The Potomac came up nearly to the base of the Washington Monument and the front lawn of the White House. Today, of course, it's been filled in to form the National Mall.
It's a little hard to tell, but that's the building there just right of center, and it's moved back
from the street (see the cars on the left?).
After years/decades of being neglected, the poor old Lock-keeper's House was in pretty bad shape for a long time. Part of the problem was its proximity to the very-busy Constitution Ave. It was about fifteen feet off of the six (or eight? my memory is failing me) lane street. But, luckily, the NPS got funding to restore it, and work got underway last year. A few weeks ago, I took my usual walk up Constitution Ave. from work, and lo and behold, the house had been moved! It is now back a respectable (and respectful) distance from the street.
And look, here's a video here of the move! Very neat:
I came back two days later and saw that the entire place was encased in a kind of tent of plastic sheets. That must mean the serious work is taking place underneath. When done, the place will serve as a visitor's center for the National Mall (this work is part of a revamping of Constitution Gardens).
The Lock-keeper's House's current status.
Posted by Elizabeth Huhn at 9:16 AM No comments:
Labels: canals, DC, DC history, Lock-keeper's House, Lockkeepers House, National Mall, National Park Service, NPS
Elizabeth Huhn
A writer of historical fiction, originally from Maryland and now a proud resident of Arlington, Virginia.
Follow @ehuhnwrites
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text:
We must keep our elections secure
by Senate DFL Media
The Senate DFL Caucus held a virtual press conference this week to highlight the need to protect the integrity of Minnesota's elections and the safety of Minnesota's voters. It is crucial we pass legislation that ensures the Secretary of State and local election officials have the resources they need to administer the upcoming Minnesota elections during this unprecedented pandemic.
The Help America Vote Act (HAVA) funding from the federal government, passed in 2019, and additional funds passed last month in response to COVID-19 could be immediately available to the Secretary of State if Senate Republicans decide to release it. According to the U.S. Election Assistance Commission, HAVA funds may be used for unanticipated expenses due to the pandemic, including implementing the statewide vote-by-mail program Senate DFLers are pushing for in order to keep voters and poll workers safe.
The House DFL majority recently introduced legislation to not only immediately provide critical HAVA resources but to also expand flexibility for local election officials to designate new polling locations, deputize health care professionals to administer absentee ballots similar to election judges, and increase the timeline for processing absentee ballots.
In addition to our calls for the release of funds for the Secretary of State's office, voter privacy continues to be a cause for concern as the Senate still has not passed legislation to protect the data of those who voted in the presidential primary. DFL-authored legislation to address these privacy concerns was introduced in February of this year, with plenty of time to pass it before the presidential primary and ease the concerns of Minnesota voters. Senate Republicans never gave the bill a hearing, so voter data from the primary could still be released to political groups by political parties.
Making our elections safe and secure for voters should not be a partisan issue. There are only 10 weeks until voters head to the polls, and we know the threat of COVID-19 will almost certainly remain. We must take action on these issues and complete our work in the time we have before adjournment, to give the Secretary of State time to help our election officials throughout the state.
There is no reason to make people choose between their safety and their right to vote. We don't have to look further than our neighbors to our east about the dangers of holding an election without taking the safety precautions necessary during COVID-19. We cannot fail our fundamental responsibility of keeping Minnesotans safe, and the Senate DFL will continue to be the voice in the Senate that advocates for the safety and security of Minnesota voters and election workers.
Senate DFL Media
previousMinnesota soon could have highest COVID-19 testing capacity in nation
nextResources available for Minnesotans struggling with mental health


text:
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}

Vec2 VisibleRect::rightBottom()
{
    lazyInit();
    return Vec2(s_visibleRect.origin.x+s_visibleRect.size.width, s_visibleRect.origin.y);
}


C21 Select Real Estate, Inc.
Architect licensed in the state of California since 1985.
I am a sole proprietor that practices alone and I use expert consultants for the other required disciplines, like Landscape, Civil, Electrical, Mechanical.
I Provide documents required for Residential and small Commercial developments.
After over 40 years of being involved in Architecture in Southern California, I move to Carmichael about 3 years ago. I am anxious to help businesses and residences in this area resolve any design or construction issue they may present.
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text:
Q: Want to find specific pattern, without knowing the words it contains in Unix Using grep in bash
    Sylvester,Stallone,+42 6944789099
    Tommy, Lee Jones,+37 6923441223
    Jean Claude,Van Damme,+44 6977654322
    Jose Maria,de Santo Agostinho,+30 6936130089
    Chuck, Norris, +30 6987543212
    Chuck,Norris,+32 6944221234
    Chuck1, Norris, +32 6944221234

I have this file , and i want to find the lines where there is only whitespace in the phone number, how do i grep this desired pattern? For example the grep result should yield
Sylvester,Stallone,+42 6944789099
Chuck,Norris,+32 6944221234

EDIT : I want to find the lines that contain exactly one space, and that space MUST be between the country code(ex. +42) and the number itself(6944789000)

A: It is much easier with awk without using any regex:
awk 'NF==2' file

Sylvester,Stallone,+42 6944789099
Chuck,Norris,+32 6944221234

*

*By default awk splits fields on whitespaces

*By using condition NF==2 we print a row that has 2 fields or a single whitespace.

If you specifically want to find lines with space between digits then use:
grep -P '^\S+\d+ \d+$' file

Sylvester,Stallone,+42 6944789099
Chuck,Norris,+32 6944221234

Or by using POSIX classes:
grep -E '^[^[:blank:]]+[[:digit:]]+ [[:digit:]]+$' file

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Helter Skelter – utwór autorstwa Paula McCartneya (przypisywana duetowi Lennon/McCartney), nagrany w 1968 roku na albumie The Beatles, znanym również jako "The White Album" (z ang. Biały Album). Celem McCartneya przy pisaniu utworu było osiągnięcie jak najgłośniejszego zniekształcenia dźwięku gitary elektrycznej. Dzięki użyciu takiego przestrojenia piosenka jest uznawana za "proto-heavy metalową" i jest jedną z inspiracji wczesnych prób tego gatunku. Magazyn Rolling Stone umieścił utwór na 52. miejscu "100 najlepszych piosenek The Beatles". W 1983 grupa Mötley Crüe nagrała cover utworu i wydała go na albumie Shout at the Devil. To samo uczynił w 1988 zespół U2 na swojej płycie Rattle and Hum. Helter Skelter doczekał się również innych licznych przeróbek, m.in. w wykonaniu Aerosmith.

Przypisy

Piosenki powstałe w roku 1968
Piosenki napisane przez duet Lennon-McCartney
Piosenki The Beatles

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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i had the visual delight of entering the tkees office a while back. they're space is decorated in exactly the type of setting you'd like to kick off your cocobutter flip flops at the end of a long sunshine filled day- if the rays are barren the california, whited out, boho vibes may help you forget that. i immediately zeroed in on a rug and was informed it was purchased at roost home furnishings. this prompted my search- which showed few results (especially in the rug department.) what i did find was that the designers use natural and vintage materials to craft their goods, keeping most of them in their raw state, lots of wood, stones, jutes, neutrals-with the ambition to keep their environmental footprint small. It will be a must stop for me next time i'm in LA.


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text:
Kylie Minogue Net Worth
Emmy Wallin
What is Kylie Minogue's net worth?
Kylie Minogue is an Australian-British singer, songwriter, and actress. She achieved recognition starring in the Australian soap opera 'Neighbours.
Since then, Minogue has been a recording artist and has achieved commercial success and critical acclaim in the entertainment industry. Minogue has been recognized with several honorific nicknames, most notably the "Princess of Pop".
As of 2021, Kylie Minogue's net worth is estimated to be roughly $100 million.
Kylie Minogue was born on the 28th of May, 1968, in Melbourne, Australia. Minogue is the daughter of Ronald Charles and Carol Ann Minogue. She was raised in Surrey Hill in Melbourne and was sent to Camberwell High School. She was the eldest of the three children.
Kylie along with her younger sister Danni began their careers together as child artists on Australian television. When Kylie was only 12, she did small-time roles in soap operas like 'Skyways', 'The Sullivans' and 'The Henderson Kids'.
Minogue's big break came in 1986 when she starred in soap opera 'Neighbors'. She got noticed by the aces of the music industry and in 1987 she signed a contract with an Australian recording company called the Mushroom Records.
In 1988, the huge success of 'The Loco-Motion' in Australia led the British music producers: Stock, Aitken, and Waterman, to sign her with their record labels in order to make her into an international star.
In 1989, Kylie recorded another album called 'Enjoy Yourself' with her 'Neighbors' co-star and boyfriend at that time, Jason Donovan. The duets from this album instantly became chart-toppers. Her popularity was spiraling up and in the year 1990, Kylie was cast in the movie 'The Delinquents'.
She came up with her eighth album 'Fever' in 2001. The album sold 8 million copies throughout Australia, Europe, and the United States. The single 'Can't Get You Out of My head' became the biggest successful single of her entertainment career.
Related: Emma Watson Net Worth
In 2010, Kylie released her studio album called 'Aphrodite'. The album was executively produced by Stuart Price who also participated in the songwriting process of the album along with Kylie, Calvin Harris, Jake Shears, Nerina Pallot, Pascal Gabriel, Lucas Secon, Tim Rice-Oxley, and Kish Mauve.
As of 2021, Kylie Minogue's net worth is $100 million.
Here are some of the best highlights of Kylie Minogue's career:
Can't Get You Out Of My Head (Song, 2001)
Fever (Album, 2001)
Slow (Song, 2003)
Golden (Album, 2018)
Favorite Quotes from Kylie Minogue
"One important thing to know if you're still the same person during it. I'm more eager than ever to do what I did. I want to do everything." – Kylie Minogue
"I feel more inspired than ever, and think that I will finally achieve what I have long been wishing for: a balance of work and privacy – a harmony." – Kylie Minogue
"I've tried Botox, I've tried them all. I'm definitely not one of those people who says, 'You shouldn't do this.' Everyone can individually do what they want. For all time women have wanted to, for the most part, look their best. It's just that what we have available to us today is what it is today and if you want to take advantage of it, yeah." – Kylie Minogue
"You need a lot of luck to find people with whom you want to spend the rest of your life. Some people manage to find their soul mate. Others don't. I think love is like a lottery." – Kylie Minogue
"I can understand why people would want to stay on the road because you create your own bubble. You almost don't live in the real world. Just to have the things that are with you is fine." – Kylie Minogue
"Everyone knows how much Australia means to me. I try to get back here as much as I can, but normally it's for work, so I'm in and out and jetlagged and stressed." – Kylie Minogue
Related: Michael Dapaah Net Worth
3 Lessons from Kylie Minogue
Now that you know all about Kylie Minogue's net worth, and how she achieved success; let's take a look at some of the best lessons we can learn from her:
In her late 40s, Kylie Minogue looks half her age. She is not afraid to embrace her first wrinkles that are actually not visible at all. Even when she was trying to cope with breast cancer, she tried to look her best.
She works really hard but never forgets to take care of herself. In 2015, Kylie Minogue became the latest face to represent Lancome. She deserved it. Doesn't she look fantastic? While many 40 something women dwell on their mid-life crisis, Kylie seems to not care about her age.
2. Smile is the Most Powerful Weapon
Kylie loves to smile and she does it all the time. The only time I saw her breaking down was during the interview with Karl Stefanovic on 60 Minutes as she was talking about her breast cancer struggle.
Check out her Instagram and you will see that smile is the most powerful weapon Kylie possesses, not to mention her beauty, of course. No matter what happens in life, just keep smiling.
3. Cancer Does Not Mean Death
Just because you were diagnosed with cancer does not mean you should prepare for your death, as many people do. Kylie Minogue was only 37 when she was diagnosed with a very serious disease – breast cancer.
Even though money plays a crucial role in recovery, inner strength is a must. If you are currently trying to fight cancer, Kylie Minogue can inspire you to keep striving when you are almost about to give up.
Kylie Minogue is known as the pride of Australia and the "Princess of Pop". Her concerts are considered to be iconic and she is a style icon all over the world. Her energy and conformability in sexually portraying herself have led people and media to constantly compare her with Madonna.
Related: Wesley Snipes Net Worth
As of 2021, Kylie Minogue's net worth is roughly $100 million.
What do you think about Kylie Minogue's net worth? Leave a comment below.
Logic Net Worth
Larry Bird Net Worth
Emmy Wallin is a writer for Wealthy Gorilla. She is a young Swedish girl from Uppsala, who is currently traveling around the world. Emmy has a big passion for helping others and motivating people. Emmy has been studying celebrities careers, biographies, lifestyles, and net worths for over 3 years. She is the face behind the net worth profiles here on Wealthy Gorilla.


text:
PHC-Minden, L.P. v. Kimberly-Clark Corp.
The court of appeals affirmed, reasoning that (1) Minden itself had "continuous and systematic contacts with…
Skills v. Charter
The single business enterprise doctrine is not synonymous with the doctrine of "alter ego." PHC-Minden, L.P.…
Full title:PHC-MINDEN, L.P. d/b/a Minden Medical Center, Appellant, v…
Court:Court of Appeals of Texas, Twelfth District, Tyler
Date published: Aug 17, 2005
202 S.W.3d 193 (Tex. App. 2005)
Court of Appeals of Texas, Twelfth District, Tyler
observing distinction that "`alter ego' theory generally involves proof of fraud, i.e., proof that corporation is organized and operated merely as tool or business conduit of another corporation," whereas "no proof of fraud is required" for single business enterprise theory
Summary of this case from Berry v. Lee
See 1 Summary
No. 12-04-00259-CV.
Appeal from the County Court at Law #2, Gregg County, F. Alfonso Charles, J.
R. Brent Cooper, Diana L. Faust, Cooper Scully, P.C., Dallas, for appellant.
C. Michael Moore, David G. Cabrales, Locke Liddell Sapp LLP, Dallas, Deborah L. Sterling, Fulbright Jaworski L.L.P., Houston, Rodney E. VanAusdal, James K. Horstman, Iwan Cray Huber Horstman VanAusdal LLC, Chicago, IL, for appellee.
Panel consisted of WORTHEN, C.J., GRIFFITH, J. and DeVASTO, J.
OPINION DENYING MOTION FOR REHEARING
JAMES T. WORTHEN, Chief Justice.
Appellant PHC-Minden, L.P. d/b/a Minden Medical Center ("MMC") filed a motion for rehearing, which is denied. However, we withdraw our opinion dated May 31, 2005 and substitute the following opinion in its place.
MMC appeals the trial court's order denying its special appearance. MMC presents four issues. We affirm.
After Jajah Eddington's death, her family and the representative of her estate (collectively, the "plaintiffs") filed a wrongful death and survivorship action against Kimberly-Clark Corporation. According to the original petition, Eddington became ill and sought diagnosis and treatment at MMC located in Minden, Louisiana. Eddington was instructed by physicians at MMC to follow up with her primary doctor in the next week if she did not feel better. Several days later, Eddington was admitted to Good Shepherd Medical Center in Longview, Texas. However, the plaintiffs alleged, Eddington's condition deteriorated to the point where her life could not be saved.
Eddington suffered from an infection that was the result of toxic shock syndrome, which the plaintiffs alleged was caused by her use of Kotex tampons manufactured, sold, distributed, or otherwise marketed by Kimberly-Clark. Kimberly-Clark filed a third-party action against MMC, among others, alleging that MMC had violated its duty of care to Eddington, which resulted in her death. In response, MMC filed a special appearance and, subject to that special appearance, an original answer to the third-party action.
As a result of the third-party action and special appearance, Kimberly-Clark and MMC conducted extensive discovery, including depositions. After a hearing, the trial court denied MMC's special appearance and found that the court had general jurisdiction over MMC. This appeal followed.
FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
In its first issue, MMC argues that the trial court erred in failing to make findings of fact and conclusions of law, as requested, concerning its denial of MMC's special appearance. Rule 28.1 of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure provides that in appeals from interlocutory orders "[t]he trial court need not, but may-within 30 days after the order is signed-file findings of fact and conclusions of law." TEX. R.APP. P. 28.1; Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. v. Kwasnik, 109 S.W.3d 21, 26 (Tex.App.-El Paso 2003, no pet.). Because this is an interlocutory appeal, the trial court was not required to file findings of fact and conclusions of law. Therefore, it did not en* by failing to do so. Accordingly, we overrule MMC's first issue.
In its second issue, MMC argues that the trial court erred by denying its special appearance because the evidence regarding the quality of MMC's Texas contacts is legally and/or factually insufficient to support a finding of general jurisdiction. In its third issue, MMC contends that the trial court erred by denying its special appearance because the evidence regarding the quality of MMC's Texas contacts, through its parent corporation Province Healthcare Company ("Province"), is legally and/or factually insufficient to support general jurisdiction. In its fourth issue, MMC argues that the trial court erred by denying its special appearance because maintenance of this suit in Texas offends traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.
The plaintiff has the burden to plead a prima facie showing of jurisdiction. Haught v. Agricultural Prod. Credit Ass'n, 39 S.W.3d 252, 256 (Tex.App.-Tyler 2000, no pet.). In a special appearance, the nonresident defendant has the burden of proof to negate all bases of personal jurisdiction. Kawasaki Steel Corp. v. Middleton, 699 S.W.2d 199, 203 (Tex. 1985). On appeal, we determine the special appearance on the basis of the pleadings, any stipulations made by and between the parties, such affidavits and attachments as may be filed by the parties, the results of discovery processes, and any oral testimony. TEX.R. CIV. P. 120a; De Prins v. Van Damme, 953 S.W.2d 7, 18-19 (Tex.App.-Tyler 1997, writ denied). Whether a court has personal jurisdiction over a defendant is a question of law and, therefore, our review is de novo. BMC Software Belgium, N.V. v. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d 789, 794 (Tex. 2002). Where, as here, a trial court does not issue findings of fact and conclusions of law with its special appearance ruling, all facts necessary to support the judgment and supported by the evidence are implied. Id. at 795. When the appellate record includes the reporter's and clerk's records, these implied findings are not conclusive and may be challenged for legal and factual sufficiency in the appellate court. Id.
For legal sufficiency issues, if there is more than a scintilla of evidence to support the finding, the no-evidence challenge fails. Id. When the evidence offered to prove a vital fact is so weak as to do no more than create a mere surmise or suspicion of its existence, the evidence is no more than a scintilla and, in legal effect, is no evidence. Texas Dep't of Public Safety v. Williams, 76 S.W.3d 647, 650 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 2002, no pet.) (citing Kindred v. Con Chem, Inc., 650 S.W.2d 61, 63 (Tex. 1983)). The test for "more than a scintilla of evidence" is that if reasonable minds cannot differ from the conclusion, then the evidence offered to support the existence of a vital fact lacks probative force, and it will be held to be the legal equivalent of no evidence. Id. In our factual sufficiency review, we may reverse the decision of the trial court only if its finding is so against the overwhelming weight and preponderance of the evidence as to be clearly erroneous and manifestly unjust. Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175, 176 (Tex. 1986); Haught, 39 S.W.3d at 256.
In Personam Jurisdiction
Texas courts may exercise jurisdiction over nonresidents if they voluntarily submit to jurisdiction or if they may be held to answer under the state's longarm statute. Allianz Risk Transfer (Bermuda) Ltd. v. S.J. Camp Co., 117 S.W.3d 92, 95 (Tex.App.-Tyler 2003, no pet.); see Moore v. Elektro-Mobil Technik GMBH, 874 S.W.2d 324, 328 (Tex.App.-El Paso 1994, writ denied). The Texas longarm statute governs Texas courts' exercise of jurisdiction over nonresident defendants. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. REM. CODE ANN. §§ 17.041-.045 (Vernon 1997); Marchand, 83 S.W.3d at 795. Before a Texas court may exercise jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant, two conditions must exist: (1) the Texas long-arm statute must authorize the exercise of jurisdiction and (2) the exercise of jurisdiction must be consistent with federal and state guarantees of due process. See Schlobohm v. Schapiro, 784 S.W.2d 355, 356 (Tex. 1990). The Texas long-arm statute states as follows:
In addition to other acts that may constitute doing business, a nonresident does business in this state if the nonresident:
(1) contracts by mail or otherwise with a Texas resident and either party is to perform the contract in whole or in part in this state;
(2) commits a tort in whole or in part in this state; or
(3) recruits Texas residents, directly or through an intermediary located in this state, for employment inside or outside this state.
TEX. CIV. PRAC. REM. CODE ANN. § 17.042 (Vernon 1997). The broad language of Section 17.042 extends Texas courts' personal jurisdiction as far as the federal constitutional requirements of due process will permit. Allianz Risk Transfer (Bermuda) Ltd., 117 S.W.3d at 95; Marchand, 83 S.W.3d at 795. In determining whether a nonresident defendant has met its burden to negate all bases of jurisdiction, we rely on precedent from the United States Supreme Court and other federal courts, as well as our own state's decisions. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d at 795.
Personal jurisdiction over non-resident defendants is constitutional when two conditions are met: (1) the defendant has established minimum contacts with the forum state and (2) the exercise of jurisdiction comports with traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice. Id. (citing International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 316, 66 S.Ct. 154, 158, 90 L.Ed. 95 (1945)). A defendant should not be subject to a foreign court's jurisdiction based on "random," "fortuitous," or "attenuated" contacts. Id. A nonresident defendant that has "purposefully availed" itself of the privileges and benefits of conducting business in the foreign jurisdiction has sufficient contacts with the forum to confer personal jurisdiction. Id. Although not determinative, foreseeability is an important consideration in deciding whether the non-resident defendant has purposefully established "minimum contacts" with the forum state. Id. The foreseeability critical to a due process analysis is that the nonresident defendant's conduct and connection with the forum state are such that it should reasonably anticipate being haled into court there. Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 474, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 2183, 85 L.Ed.2d 528 (1985) (quoting World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Wood-son, 444 U.S. 286, 297, 100 S.Ct. 559, 567, 62 L.Ed.2d 490 (1980)).
Once it has been determined that the nonresident defendant purposefully established minimum contacts with the forum state, the contacts are evaluated in light of ether factors to determine whether the assertion of personal jurisdiction comports with fair play and substantial justice. Guardian Royal Exch. Assurance, Ltd. v. English China Clays, P.L.C., 815 S.W.2d 223, 228 (Tex. 1991). These factors include (1) the burden on the defendant, (2) the interests of the forum state in adjudicating the dispute, (3) the plaintiffs interest in obtaining convenient and effective relief, (4) the interstate judicial system's interest in obtaining the most efficient resolution of controversies, and (5) the shared interest of the several states in furthering fundamental substantive social policies. Id. (quoting World-Wide Volkswagen Corp., 444 U.S. at 292, 100 S.Ct. at 564; Burger King Corp., 471 U.S. at 477, 105 S.Ct. at 2184; Asahi Metal Indus. Co. v. Superior Court, 480 U.S. 102, 113, 107 S.Ct. 1026, 1033-34, 94 L.Ed.2d 92 (1987)). However, even if the nonresident defendant has purposefully established minimum contacts with the forum state, the exercise of jurisdiction may not be fair and reasonable under the facts in a particular case. Id. Moreover, federal authority indicates that "district courts should examine a defendant's contacts with the forum state over a period that is reasonable under the circumstances-up to and including the date the suit was filed-to assess whether they satisfy the `continuous and systematic' standard." ( Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. Robertson-Ceco Corp., 84 F.3d 560, 569-70 (2d Cir. 1996)). However, some Texas cases have implied that the relevant contacts are those up to the time of injury. See Scott v. Huey L. Cheramie, Inc., 833 S.W.2d 240, 242 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1992, no writ); Middleton v. Kawasaki Steel Corp., 687 S.W.2d 42, 45 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.]), writ ref'd n.r.e., 699 S.W.2d 199 (Tex. 1985).
Personal jurisdiction exists if the nonresident defendant's minimum contacts give rise to either specific or general jurisdiction. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d at 795-96. Specific jurisdiction is established when the cause of action arises out of or relates to the nonresident defendant's contact with the forum state. Id. at 796; Guardian Royal Exch. Assurance, Ltd., 815 S.W.2d at 227. In contrast, general jurisdiction is present when a defendant's contacts in a forum are continuous and systematic so that the forum may exercise personal jurisdiction over the defendant even if the cause of action did not arise from or relate to activities conducted within the forum state. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d at 796.
"Single Business Enterprise Theory"
Texas law presumes that two separate corporations are distinct entities. Marchand, 83 S.W.3d at 798. However, personal jurisdiction may exist over a nonresident defendant if the relationship between the foreign corporation and its parent corporation that does business in Texas is one that would allow the court to impute the parent corporation's "doing business" to the subsidiary. Id. The party seeking to ascribe one corporation's actions to another by disregarding their distinct corporate entities must prove this allegation. Id.
The "single business enterprise theory" is based on equity and arises from partnership principles. El Puerto de Liverpool v. Servi Mundo Llantero, 82 S.W.3d 622, 636 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 2002, pet. dism'd w.o.j.). The theory applies when corporations are not operated as separate entities, but rather integrate their resources to achieve a common business purpose. Id. at 636-37. Factors relevant to determining whether a single business enterprise is present include (1) common employees, (2) common offices, (3) centralized accounting, (4) payment of wages by one corporation to another corporation's employees, (5) common business name, (6) services rendered by the employees of one corporation on behalf of another corporation, (7) undocumented transfers of funds between corporations, and (8) unclear allocation of profits and losses between corporations. Id. at 637. Moreover, the "single business enterprise theory" is not synonymous with the doctrine of "alter ego." North American Van Lines, Inc. v. Emmons, 50 S.W.3d 103, 119 (Tex.App.-Beaumont 2001, pet. denied). Although the "alter ego" theory and the "single business enterprise theory" are both equitable theories, an important distinction is that the "alter ego" theory generally involves proof of fraud, i.e., proof that the corporation is organized and operated as merely a tool or business conduit of another corporation. Id. However, to recover under a finding of a "single business enterprise theory," no proof of fraud is required. Id.
Because the obligation that Kimberly-Clark seeks to recover on is based on MMC's alleged violation of its duty of care and not on a contract, article 2.21 of the Texas Business Corporation Act does not apply. See De La Hoya v. Coldwell Banker Mexico, Inc., 125 Fed.Appx. 533, 539 (5th Cir. 2005) (unpublished). Article 2.21 addresses only a "contractual obligation of the corporation or any matter relating to or arising from the obligation." See TEX. BUS. CORP. ACT ANN. art. 2.21(A)(2) (Vernon 2003); De La Hoya, 125 Fed.Appx. at 539.
We must first decide whether the relationship between MMC and Province is one that would allow the trial court to impute Province's "doing business" in Texas to MMC. See Marchand 83 S.W.3d at 798.
The record reveals that Province owns hospitals in Texas and, thus, does business in Texas. MMC was organized as a partnership known as PHC-Minden, L.P. under the laws of the State of Louisiana and has been a wholly-owned subsidiary of Province since October 1, 1999. Province Healthcare is listed at the top of MMC's organizational chart. In Province's organizational chart, two Texas hospitals are listed — one in Palestine and one in Mexia.
1. Common employees. George French is MMC's Chief Executive Officer. French's immediate supervisor is Tom Pemberton, Province's Regional Vice President for the eastern region. For purposes of this analysis, we consider Pemberton a common employee of Province and MMC. Donna Carter, MMC's Chief Nursing Officer and Risk Manager, considers herself an employee of both MMC and Province. Although MMC Chief Financial Officer Patty Doles considers herself an employee of Province, French considers himself an employee of MMC. From this evidence, it is unclear if French and Doles are common, employees even though Carter believes she is a common employee of Province and MMC.
2. Compensation of employees. French, Doles, and Carter are paid by Province. Their salaries are intercompany payables to Province. French and Doles also have: Province stock options. The evidence does not show that French, Doles, or Carter perform any duties for Province. All other MMC employees are paid by MMC.
3. Common name. The record does not show that MMC and Province share a common name. However, MMC's partnership name and initials, PHC-Minden, L.P., can be construed as a reference to Province Hesilthcare Company.
4. Services provided to MMC by Province. French, Doles, and Carter direct the: day-to-day operations of MMC. Province employees help MMC manage its day-to-day business, if needed. Province provides MMC with advice and support, benefit assistance, negotiation and contract assistance, and legal support. Province provides a liason to help MMC make decisions regarding materials to be purchased via a Health Trust Purchasing Contract. This contract allows MMC to take advantage of group buying power by joining efforts with other Province hospitals and using specific vendors contracted to Province.
The record does not contain any evidence relating to the remaining factors discussed in El Puerto de Liverpool (common offices, centralized accounting, undocumented fund transfers, and unclear allocation of profits and losses). However, other evidence provides additional insight into Province's involvement in MMC's operations.
5. Revenues and expenditures. MMC and Province have separate bank accounts and MMC reconciles its own accounts. However, all cash received by MMC is deposited into accounts that Province "sweeps" daily, weekly, or monthly. Province sweeps the accounts of those monies not necessary for MMC's daily activity. MMC must create a capital request for Province's regional office that, in turn, determines each hospital's allocation. Province allocates approximately four percent of MMC's net revenues for its needs, although MMC attempts to fund its acquisitions internally. Further, Province provides funds to MMC for capital acquisitions. Although MMC prepares its own "tax package," that package is sent to Province who files MMC's tax returns. MMC's general liability policy and employee group health policy are paid by Province. All of those expenses are paid back to Province by MMC.
MMC's Chief Executive Officer (French) is authorized to approve expenditures up to $10,000. Any expenditure above that amount must be approved by Province. Further, Province must approve all property improvements, all contracts with physicians, and all contracts over $25,000. The record includes a Province contract review certificate in which the regional vice president and the senior vice president and general counsel of Province approved an amendment to MMC's contract with The Schumacher Group of Louisiana, Inc. The chief executive officer of PHC-Minden, L.P. also signed under the heading "[H]ospital."
6. Policy formulation and goals. MMC sets its own policies regarding the delivery of health care to its patients, has its own Board of Governors, and coordinates its own accreditation. Occasionally, Province will peruse proposed revisions or amendments to MMC's bylaws prior to its submission to MMC's Board of Governors. Although the record does not show that Province reviews MMC's policies and procedures, the preamble and definitions to MMC's medical staff bylaws, rules, and regulations, revised as of October 12, 2002, refer to MMC as "Province Healthcare's PHC-Minden, L.P. d/b/a Minden Medical Center." MMC's financial goals are its responsibility even though these goals are discussed with Province. In turn, Province conducts an audit to determine if MMC will be able to meet its proposed goals.
Monthly Operational Review meetings are held at MMC. Attendees on site include French, Doles, Carter, MMC's business office manager, and MMC's director of quality management. Pemberton and Province's Regional Chief Financial Officer, Robert Wampler, attend by teleconference. In these meetings, topics discussed include MMC's operations, financial performance, physician recruitment, volume statistics, and completion of strategic initiatives. Province also offers suggestions of "best practices" and how to implement these practices.
7. Recruitment. Any physician recruited by MMC must sign an agreement provided by Province and be approved by Province. Province advised MMC regarding the establishment of the physician incentive program because of its expertise in legal and reimbursement areas. Moreover, Province shares with MMC and other Province hospitals the names of physicians who contact its website.
In summary, the record shows that Province and MMC have at least one common employee and that Province pays certain MMC employees, although the salaries are intercompany payables. The names of the two companies are similar, and Province employees provide various services to assist MMC in its operations. Province exercises control over MMC's revenues and expenditures and oversees MMC's operations, financial performance, and completion of strategic initiatives. Further, Province audits MMC's financial goals to determine if MMC will be able to meet these goals. Considering the totality of this evidence, we conclude that Province and MMC have integrated their resources to achieve a common business purpose. See El Puerto de Liverpool, 82 S.W.3d at 636-37. Having done so, Province and MMC operate as a single business enterprise.
Minimum Contacts
Having found that Province and MMC operate as a single business enterprise, the relationship between Province and MMC is such that we can impute Province's "doing business" to MMC. We must now examine both Province and MMC's contacts with Texas. As noted above, Province owns hospitals in Texas and, thus, does business in Texas and has since October 1, 1999.
Carter attended interregional meetings that individuals from Province hospitals in Texas have attended. Carter and one other MMC employee attended a Province-sponsored seminar in Dallas in the summer of 2002, which was also attended by employees of Province-owned hospitals in Texas. Further, Carter and 40 to 45 MMC employees attended an August 2003 meeting in Dallas, which was sponsored by Province. This meeting was also attended by employees of Province-owned hospitals in Texas.
MMC has treated approximately 500 patients since October of 1999 from outside its primary or secondary service area out of a total of approximately 50,000 patients per year or 200,000 over the past four years. Of the total patients treated by MMC since October 1, 1999, .009 percent had Texas residence addresses. MMC has never had a Texas physician on staff nor does MMC advertise in Texas. MMC does not own property in Texas and does not pay Texas taxes. On March 27, 1997, MMC, among others, was sued in Dallas County, Texas. However, on April 4, 1997, the plaintiff nonsuited its claims.
In response to a request for all documents reflecting MMC's purchases from Texas vendors or from non-Texas vendors who do business in Texas, MMC produced a list of vendors with Texas addresses from which MMC made a purchase or to which MMC had issued a check since October 1, 1999. The vendor list included the total amount paid by MMC to the entity since October 1, 1999 and enumerated 205 entities with Texas mailing or physical addresses. However, patient refunds accounted for 51 of these payments from MMC, and 46 of the vendors were paid nothing. An additional eighteen vendors had Texas mailing addresses, but were physically located in another state, and six were duplicates of another vendor. Payments to the 84 remaining Texas vendors ranged from $12.97 paid to Good Old Days in Big Sandy, Texas to $515,650.15 paid to Alcon Laboratories, Inc. in Dallas, Texas. Payments to twenty-one vendors were in excess of $10,000. In all, payments to vendors with a Texas address totaled approximately $1,514,467.47.
As evidence of continuous and systematic contacts, Kimberly-Clark pointed to three contracts between MMC and Texas entities. MMC contracted with Cox Business Services or Cox Communications for cable television services. Cox Communications is located in Tyler, Texas. The contract was signed by Doles on September 23, 2003. A relevant continuous contact in this analysis includes those contacts over a period up to the date of injury, December 10, 2000, or up to and including the date suit commenced, February 28, 2003. See Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 84 F.3d at 569-70; Scott, 833 S.W.2d at 242; Middleton, 687 S.W.2d at 45. This contact occurred not only after the date of injury, but after the date suit commenced. Therefore, this contact is not relevant.
Plaintiffs' filed their original petition against Kimberly-Clark on January 8, 2003 and Kimberly-Clark filed their third party petition against MMC on February 28, 2003. For purposes of this analysis, we determine that the date suit commenced is February 28.
Second, MMC entered into a professional services contract with Horizon Radiology, P.A. whereby Horizon would provide interpretations of CT scans for patients at MMC. Horizon is located in The Woodlands, Texas. The original agreement was signed in April of 2001 and renewed in 2002 and 2003. The 2001 contract was approved by the senior vice president and general counsel of Province. This contact, however, is relevant because it is a continuous contact occurring before the date of injury, December 10, 2000, and up to and including the date suit was filed, February 28, 2003. Third, in July of 2002, MMC contracted with Lone Star Research for a one-time survey of 200 adult residents of Minden's service area. MMC paid Lone Star $5,200 for the survey. Lone Star Research is located in The Woodlands, Texas. Although not continuous, this contact is relevant because it occurred after the date of injury, but before suit was filed.
The evidence shows that MMC, through Province, does business in Texas. While this evidence alone is more than a scintilla of evidence, the evidence discussed above shows that MMC has continuous and systematic contacts with Texas. Because Province does business in Texas and MMC has established continuous and systematic contacts with Texas, we conclude that there is more than a scintilla of evidence to support the finding that MMC has purposefully established minimum contacts with Texas. See Marchand, 83 S.W.3d at 795. Moreover, we conclude that the decision of the trial court was not so against the overwhelming weight and preponderance of the evidence as to be clearly erroneous and manifestly unjust. See Cain, 709 S.W.2d at 176. Therefore, we conclude that the trial court did not err in denying MMC's special appearance. Accordingly, we overrule MMC's second and third issues.
Fair Play and Substantial Justice
Having held that MMC has established minimum contacts with Texas, we now turn to whether the assertion of personal jurisdiction over MMC comports with fair play and substantial justice. See Guardian Royal Exch. Assurance, Ltd., 815 S.W.2d at 228. MMC is located near the border of Texas and is owned by a large corporation that does business in Texas. Further, as noted above, Province provides MMC with legal support. The burden, if any, on MMC to defend the case in Texas is minimal. Clearly, Texas has an interest in adjudicating the original dispute because the plaintiffs are citizens of Texas. The plaintiffs have an interest in obtaining relief in their home state using its laws. The interstate judicial system has an interest in resolving this dispute in Texas, not over several states in different suits. Because the burden on MMC to defend the case in Texas is minimal and the other factors favor adjudication in Texas, we conclude that there is more than a scintilla of evidence to support a finding that the assertion of personal jurisdiction comports with fair play and substantial justice. See id. Moreover, we conclude that the decision of the trial court was not so against the overwhelming weight and preponderance of the evidence as to be clearly erroneous and manifestly unjust. See Cain, 709 S.W.2d at 176. Because maintenance of this suit in Texas does not offend traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice, we conclude that the trial court did not err in denying MMC's special appearance. Therefore, we overrule MMC's fourth issue.
The order of the trial court is affirmed.