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It All Changes When the Founder Drives a Porsche (learntoduck.com)
182 points by bensummers on Dec 4, 2010 | hide | past | web | favorite | 96 comments
flyosity on Dec 4, 2010
The title of the entry put me off to the overall premise, which, I think, even the author may have missed.
Basically, the article should've been titled "It All Changes When The Startup Is Making A Lot Of Cash". Supposedly Groupon is making nearly $2 billion a year in revenue. The decision to turn down an acquisition has more to do with "we're a real company making a TON of cash and we don't need to sell" than the founder thinking about their legacy.
What's the point of an exit? Mostly it's to get a gigantic payday. If your startup-turned-cash-machine is already making a ton of cash every month, the founders are already getting a payday... all the time.
If you're already making FU money from the revenues of your business and someone offers you more of it, the benefit of the FU money is you can say FU to the offer.
scootklein on Dec 4, 2010
I disagree - the title is spot on. Groupon's monthly revenue isn't directly related to the personal finances of the founders. The point of the post is to show that a founder's bank going from 5m to 500m doesn't have as much of an effect as it does from 10k to 5m (or 500m).
5m to 500m is actually so inconsequential that they willingly turned down a lucrative acquisition in order to go it alone and make their impact as they see fit.
JabavuAdams on Dec 5, 2010
> 5m to 500m is actually so inconsequential
It's only inconsequential if you lack imagination.
Would you rather be the guy who started another discount chain, or the guy who made space travel practical?
mkramlich on Dec 5, 2010
Agreed. With $5m in the bank you basically never have to work again. Retire early. However you don't really have enough to be a philanthropist or start capital-intensive startups. Could become|continue a serial software startup guy, since no risk to your retirement. You have a nice house and nice car and lots of savings.
With $500m in the bank, you get the above plus you can be a philanthropist and personally fund many sorts of capital-intensive startups. You have a mansion on an island, and a yacht and a helicopter and many exotic cars.
The difference between any two orders of magnitude is never inconsequential, I'd argue. There's always so much more you could do at higher levels. And not necessarily talking about self-ish pleasure-seeking things but world-changing, humanity-improving sorts of things.
patio11 on Dec 4, 2010
One of my surprisingly life lessons from 2010: "revenue makes money less attractive" is true at numbers much, much smaller than 6 billion, too.
tntr on Dec 4, 2010
> Supposedly Groupon is making nearly $2 billion a year in revenue.
Of which somewhere between $1 and $1.5 billion are pass-through, going to local merchants.
Assuming actual revenue is the more widely-reported $500m, I'm not sure how far that goes when you have 3000 employees.
Recall that MySpace was putting up similar revenue numbers but with only a single profitable quarter, making something like $10m.
Revenue alone is meaningless. I can increase my revenue at any time by selling things at a loss. What's the profit?
I assume GroupOn must have real profits in order to turn down that much cash. We've seen just as often though that companies are deluded, like PointCast or Digg. It would be easy to settle this point by looking at profits. Curious how companies jealously guard that information but loudly trumpet "Revenues!"
That alone should be enough to convince anyone how meaningless revenues are.
steve19 on Dec 4, 2010
I remember seeing the words "profit is fallacy, cashflow is king" on a poster in an accountants office.
Profit is an accounting construct. Positive cashflow is real and can sustain a business for a long time.
(Note: cashflow != revenue)
That's because accrual accounting is just another way to cook the books.
http://www.toolkit.com/small_business_guide/sbg.aspx?nid=P06...
People might object to that characterization because it's so "standard". That's how you get these notions that cash flow is "better" than profit -- the language gets tortured so that profit doesn't mean profit any more because the ledger is a fantasy.
In cash method accounting, profit is profit. In accrual accounting, profit is whatever number you pencil in.
To be clear, I'm talking about money in your hands, not someone else's.
rdl on Dec 5, 2010
Cash accounting in my experience is a much "better" way to cook the books than accrual accounting. You can easily and unintentionally screw yourself if you're collecting cash up front for a product which involves future costs.
The only system I have found to work is accrual combined with customer prepayment (to eliminate credit risk; or just be very good at receivables management, which not everyone is) and aggressive cashflow management. The biggest problems with accrual go away if you don't have to worry about customer payment risk or accidentally running out of cash in the short term.
You can lie to yourself (and others) with numbers with either kind of accounting, but it's harder to accidentally kill yourself with a conservative system.
vaksel on Dec 4, 2010
yeah if you have a real a business, making real revenue, then selling really isn't a huge priority, and you can work on making something really huge.
However, I do think that Groupon is an exception to this. You can't build a long lasting business, when your business model relies on tricking people into throwing a ton of money down the drain. Once the whole hype ends, and all business owners realize what a bad business proposition Groupon is, they'll lose their market...and will regret not taking the offer.
binarybits on Dec 5, 2010
Um, you realize that newspapers generated billions of dollars in profits over more than a century by "tricking people" into using coupons, right? Coupons are about helping businesses attract customers they wouldn't have gotten otherwise. The specifics are a little different in the Internet age, but there's no reason to think Groupon is any more a flash in the pan than the advertising supplements in newspapers were.
klbarry on Dec 5, 2010
If you've studied the rise of the department store, John Wanamaker and Macies, I think you'll find Groupon is following a pretty great and old formula of style and group buying dynamics. The idea it's based on, people getting excited about good deals that are trendy, is solid.
the problem is that Walmart doesn't put it's suppliers out of business. They have low margins, but the volume more than makes up for them, while Groupon requires their suppliers to operate at a loss, because they've been tricked into thinking they are getting something with high LTV.
netcan on Dec 5, 2010
Wal Mart has put suppliers out of business too. http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/77/walmart.html
It's also made many suppliers rich. I wouldn't be all that confident about suppliers being tricked. I'm sure it works better for some than others. I'm sure there are ways of making it work better. The businesses that did well with Groupon will resign and the others won't. I would want to see some evidence the Groupon are having a hard time selling before assuming what you seem to be pretty confident of.
chc on Dec 5, 2010
Actually, Wal-Mart does sometimes force suppliers to sell at a loss. There were a lot of articles on the topic a few years ago when hating on Wal-Mart was cool. And if Groupon isn't beneficial to some customers, they shouldn't buy. I know businesses around here that run regular Groupon offers. They clearly aren't unhappy. What you're talking about is poor decisions on a business owner's part, not Groupon scamming people. There are real scams aimed at business owners, but Groupon is not one.
Julianhearn on Dec 4, 2010
$2bn in revenue does not mean you are "making a TON of money" they could be losing money. I don't know what their yearly profit is but it will take them many years to make $6bn in profit, therefore it was a very good offer from google and they should have taken the money.
The most recent profit number I heard was $50m. Not sure if that was for 2009 or per some recent quarter, or for 2010.
al3x on Dec 4, 2010
I'm kind of surprised that this conversation is solely about founders (well, and which Porsche to buy). There's only a few founders out there, and a lot more regular ol' employees.
Here's the thing about the scenario in this post: the founders and investors that are swinging for the fences and taking big risks probably have their nest eggs in place. But what about their employees? A modest exit could mean security for them. That exit may not cement the founder's "legacy", but it might give a few, a dozen, or even a big group of people a stable financial footing for the first time in their lives. What's more important? What has the most utility? I'm honestly not sure.
Having been an employee in that scenario and now a founder, I can see both sides. Personally, I'm glad to see more investors making sure that early employees get an opportunity to get a bit liquid if their founder bosses decide to shirk acquisition offers and spin the wheel of IPO fortune.
blahedo on Dec 4, 2010
But, and this is important, this isn't an alternative between "exit with fat sacks of cash" vs. "exit flat broke", for either the founder or the employees. Presumably, in the "founder drives a Porsche" scenario, the startup is not in imminent danger of collapse and the employees are not subsisting on ramen. So if the founder decides not to cash out, the employees have the "stable financial footing" of having a job that, presumably, they like and are good at. On the other hand, if the buyout was a talent buyout aiming for the founders or a shutdown buyout, if the founders decide to cash out, the employees may have some $$ in hand but are back on the job market. That's not exactly the most stable of positions.
Dylanlacey on Dec 6, 2010
If security is something the employees are worried about, they should not have joined a start-up for whom an exit is their best chance.
Startups are volatile environments with risky financial conditions, hopefully driven by people for whom making the best impact in their chosen area is the most important thing. It should all be about the product, making the best decision for the product, championing the product.
Employees are valuable and necessary. I would never argue that employees contribute less then management in general. However, it's not a founder's place to make sure they get security via an exit... It's their place to make their product fantastic, which as a side-effect, should keep the employees employed.
If they want security, they should bet on a stable job in a stable market. It's boring, it's not as challenging... But it's safe.
Indeed. Say you were an employee with a mere 1/10 of 1%:
$6b * 0.001 = $6m
I'd say $6m would be life-changing for most employees.
ChaseB on Dec 4, 2010
"Today, Groupon did something that all entrepreneurs, in their heart of the hearts, wishes they could do: spur the big acquisition offer and swing for the fences."
6B isn't a home run these days?
nhangen on Dec 4, 2010
No kidding. I'm wondering if Groupon founders are overestimating the ceiling of that business.
sliverstorm on Dec 4, 2010
Is it possible they don't ever intend to exit? I know that's pretty rare- most startups seem to be aiming for the exit- but can't some simply be trying to be their own business?
jules on Dec 4, 2010
Why is it so rare? If I had the choice between being the owner of and working at a company that I love and believe in while earning $x, versus earning $10x, the former sounds much more attractive.
Sure, I suppose it is...it's just rare.
6 Billion is a lot of money to turn down, but I've never been in their shoes, so I can't say what I'd do.
ams6110 on Dec 4, 2010
I'd say they are. Not something I'd use, personally. But then again I've never been one to clip coupons; I just find it's not worth the time.
jfb on Dec 4, 2010
When I heard that I ran a quick EV% calculation and thought ... whaaa?
tomjen3 on Dec 4, 2010
Goggle made a lot more than that, so while the price is high, even for the Valley, it is not unheard of.
not compared to an IPO
hc5 on Dec 4, 2010
I don't know if Groupon made a mistake, only time will tell, but this statement irked me a bit:
VC: "Founders make different decisions when money doesnt matter. He doesnt HAVE to sell, so he can wait. He can do what he thinks is right for the business. He can focus on his legacy."
This can easily be the other way around: the founder chooses to focus on his legacy instead of what is right for the business.
ericb on Dec 4, 2010
One nuance that I would add to your thinking. In the VC's eyes "right for the business" really means "swing for the fences." In a VC's eyes, taking risks that will kill a business 85% of the time but give 30x returns the other times are probably doing "what is right for the business" because of the structure of how they invest. In VC land, the big big wins pay for everything else. In that case, I would argue they should be strongly in favor of cashing out founders nicely when a business takes off. It is much easier to swing for the fences when you're not worried about striking out.
daemon on Dec 4, 2010
It's possible they were turning down the terms of the deal. If someone offered me 1M for my site, I'd take it in a heartbeat. If someone offered me 1M and I had to dance nude in the lobby for a year... I'd still take it. But some people wouldn't and observers would say they turned down 1M.
rhizome on Dec 4, 2010
What if your $1MM site was giving you like $10K/mo and was still growing?
SteveC on Dec 4, 2010
While not related to the content of the article, the title reminded of Eagle Computer. Its CEO, Dennis Barnhart, bought a Ferrari and accidentally drove over a cliff and was killed on the day of their IPO.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle_Computer
WillyF on Dec 4, 2010
Not that it's actually relevant to the point of the post, but Andrew Mason rides a Vespa and lives in Ukrainian Village (not the most expensive real estate in Chicago). Apparently his big splurge was on a grand piano.
Source: http://chicago.timeout.com/articles/shopping/90800/groupon-2...
mixmax on Dec 4, 2010
"I have worked hard to get my founders as little as $25,000 to pay off credit cards and student loans. Or, in a small deal that closed this week, I was able to get a founder the money so he can pay for his wedding and not have to worry about taking on debt."
Am I the only one who finds this despicable, and probably bad business too? The one person in the company making the most sacrifices, taking the biggest risks and working the hardest is the one that can't even pay for his own wedding. Even when there are millions floating around in VC money.
tptacek on Dec 4, 2010
The founders personal problems have nothing to do with the business. Venture capitalists are investors, not life partners. You are rewarded for success, not effort.
alextgordon on Dec 4, 2010
Soylent green is people.
The founder's personal problems have everything to do with the business. If a founder's life falls apart, then it's the business that will suffer. Keeping founders poor is a great way to make an investment more risky.
Let's not veer off into crazytown here. I'm not saying the founders are irrelevant to the business. I see why you think I might have been. I'm saying that it's not despicable for venture capitalists not to care about the founders wedding. They are making an investment. Do I care about the well being of the guy who manages VFINX?
What percentage of the founder/investor drama you read about on HN comes from misunderstandings about that basic fact? 90%?
You can imagine a better world in which everyone worked together as a team to the betterment of all involved, but the reality is that you are in business, and there are going to be times when business doesn't give a sh#t about your problems.
I think this gets overlooked because we read a lot about a very specific investor who seems unusually attuned to the well-being of its investments. But they do that because it makes very good business sense, and because they've rigged their model so that the success or failure of any one investment is much less impactful than it would be at Battery Ventures; they have less incentive to be ruthless.
cperciva on Dec 4, 2010
VCs shouldn't care about a founder's wedding -- but they should care about whether a founder is going to be stressed about going into debt to pay for a wedding.
A founder's personal life becomes relevant the moment it affects the successful management of the company.
I think everyone here is recognizing that. I'm only pushing back on the notion that words like "despicable" apply to investments and similar business decisions. They don't.
natrius on Dec 4, 2010
> Do I care about the well being of the guy who manages VFINX?
Well he is pretty replaceable...
And that's a business decision, not a moral one.
stevenbedrick on Dec 4, 2010
That being sort of the whole point of VFINX... :-)
PG has stated many times that he's investing in people just as much, if not more, than their ideas. It seems to me like part of investing is people is making sure their personal life is in order.
No, part of investing the way Graham invests is helped by caring about people's personal lives.
Don't forget, most VC funds make 1-4 investments per partner/year, invest huge sums of money, invest at a point where the business has a life beyond the founder, and require a home run return to move the dials.
Graham invests in many tens of companies per year. He invests a small amount of money. He invests at a point where there is nothing but the founder. And he's thrilled with Wufoo.
Should more firms invest the way YC does? Maybe, but remember that many YC companies depend, at the DNA level, on eventually getting an investment from a major VC.
nickpinkston on Dec 4, 2010
J/w Have you ever taken angel/VC money and poured your soul into your company? I suspect not because regardless of what rationally might tell you - it's all VERY personal and any investor worth their salt knows how much stress you're under and that reducing that burden, even in little ways, helps so much. I've lived this and have given even a little more a month to good people because they needed to pay off bills, etc. Just FWIW...
I couldn't really understand this comment, but if the question is, have I, the cold-hearted asshole who made the parent comment, ever actually founded a company, taken money, and poured my life into it: yeah. Have. With VC and everything!
As the article points out, there can be sensible reasons for letting the founders cash out. The conflict between early exit (that sets the founders up for life) and risky home-run (that meets the numbers the VC needs) is classic. I saw it firsthand in the last startup I worked for. It caused a palace coup that replaced the management team. I understand the issue.
But what does that have to do with the question I responded to? Sorry, it's not despicable for investors to focus on their investment and not the personal problems of founders.
(If I'm wrong about what you meant, let me know and I'll delete this comment; I'm not trying to be antagonistic.)
cabalamat on Dec 4, 2010
I can't reply for nickpinkston, but I suspect what he was getting at is that some practises of VCs could be seen as unethical. If someone is deliberately making other people's lives unpleasant in order to make themselves rich, most people would regard that as unethical, and that's what VCs are doing if they prevent founders from getting money in order to keep them "hungry".
They're offering your company money. Their stipulation: the money has to go to the company. The founder can't take it and buy a car (or a wedding). This seems reasonable. The founder is hungry. So are hundreds of thousands of homeless people.
We're talking about using this to get peak performance out of your people. You can take the "everyone should be hard as nails forever or they're not a real entrepreneur"-type of position, but I think this is naive.
That's what we're talking about now, but note that this conversation didn't start out that way.
Meanwhile, note two things: first, that you may in reality be a lot more replaceable than you think you are, and second, that you are almost certainly perceived as being a lot more replaceable than you perceive you are.
As soon as you sell board seats, the question of your ruthless replacement stops being a moral issue and starts being a business issue. Venture capitalists aren't investing their own money. It is the case that their absolute most important priority is the protection of their investors money.
Were you the founder / CEO of any the funded startups you were involved with? Not an ad hominem, just wondering where you're coming from.
I think the fundamental issue here though is that there are massive costs of having an under-performing head founder. Replaceability is a massive risk (bad replacement, moral, public image, learning periods, etc.) compared to what it costs to keep the original CEO happy and driving hard toward the dream - assuming they're good in that position in the first place.
Equal-equity founder (not referring to my current company, Matasano, which we bootstrapped in 2005).
jimbokun on Dec 4, 2010
"Sorry, it's not despicable for investors to focus on their investment and not the personal problems of founders."
The question being begged is whether these two things are positively, negatively, or un-correlated. That has a whole lot to do with the logic of making the investment in the first place.
So, setting aside the "despicable" question, is it rational to invest in a startup where the founders have tons of credit card and student load debt, or planning a wedding they can't afford right now, without also putting some money into alleviating that pain? Do crushing financial burdens make founders "hungry," "panicked," or somewhere in between?
I think those are more interesting questions.
Look at startups the way Steve Blank does: as a series of experiments designed to discover and validate a set of product features that will meet a market need and that can be scaled to large numbers.
Now restrict your perspective to the stages of these experiments that A-round investors like Battery or First Round or DFJ concentrate on. In other words, stipulate that we're not talking about firms like YC that invest in 30-50 pairs of individual people they like every year.
What are the assets of these companies?
Yes, the founders are assets.
But so is the total team.
And so, to an even greater extent, are the proprietary results of the customer discovery/validation experiments they've been running.
And so, to an even greater extent than that, are the customers they have managed to close (or more broadly the "market traction" they've achieved) in the course of conducting those experiments.
And so is inventory, so is brand value, so is the core idea, so is the foothold in the market, so is the framework code they've built and the expertise in extended it, and so on.
Against all these assets, what's the real pragmatic cost of replacing the rare founder whose incentives have flipped so totally against the investors that he will drag the company away from the home-run outcome the investors need so he can salvage his personal life?
Now what's the cost of simply not giving a founder bonus money that itself might pose the risk of allowing the founder to disengage, consider a new startup, become obstinate in board meetings, etc?
I don't know, but I can see sane arguments in both directions for not giving VC founders liquidity.
The nice thing about not taking VC this time around: I don't have to give a shit. =)
Yea, I think we're actually the same page. It sounded like you were saying that things like making the founding team more comfortable (i.e. paying down loans or a wedding) weren't good investments - it sounded like a classic "arm-chair" type comment. But I think we're talking about two different things.
I think I'm still on the side of letting the founders take some money off the table, but not satiate their hunger. I like Mark Suster's article on this:
http://www.cloudave.com/1616/should-founders-be-allowed-to-t...
Why is Thomas making so much noise on this thread?
(a) Because he is addicted to arguing about things on Hacker News.
(b) Because he takes pleasure in pointing out how ruthless the venture capital funded startup environment actually is.
(c) Because he believes that people who factor their blood, sweat, and tears into how they should be treated by investors have set themselves up for otherwise avoidable heartbreak.
(d) All of the above.
eviltptacek on Dec 4, 2010
(a).
sp4rki on Dec 5, 2010
Despicable in what way? If someone is putting millions on the line to help realize your dream (for profit of course) you should respect the fact that they're investing to keep the company afloat, not to make your life (as a founder) easier.
People seem to equate not letting the founders cash out early with not letting them see a dime, which is not the case. They're getting paid (sort of) and in situations in which the company is no longer surviving on ramen they might even be well off in the grand scheme of things.
Think about it this way. Why should you, the founder, be given say 20k to pay for a wedding, while a early employee has to pay for it out of his own pocket. This is not a case of investors not being 'fair' and their decisions being despicable, it's a case of investors making a judgement call on good faith for the benefit of the company (for profit...).
Investors are not going to pay for your wedding as a founder because they're kind hearted or because it's the 'non-despicable' thing to do. They're going to invest in your personal life because it's a benefit for the business - plain and simple. No investor should feel they need to invest on you because it's morally correct (which is probably erroneous anyways), but if said investor feels there's a benefit to paying for your wedding/debt/porsche they will do it as a extra bit of investment on the company as a whole and not because it's a nice thing to do for your money making machine.
My solution: Get married when you do have money to pay for it. Most people save for months if not years to do so, regardless of if you're living on pizza boxes or fancy restaurants.
staunch on Dec 4, 2010
It's fair that the founders get a return on their investment when the investors do. Nothing despicable about.
I do agree that letting founders cash out can be good though if it helps them aim higher.
mgkimsal on Dec 4, 2010
In some ways it's not a sacrifice for those people. If someone got me an investment and paid for my wedding so I wouldn't have to, while getting to work on a project with VC connections, have I 'sacrificed' all that much?
I get where you're going - there's plenty of 'entrepreneurs' (see earlier trending article) who give up stable jobs/raises/etc with no guarantee of a payoff. But the people who are getting VCs to pay off student loans aren't the ones making sacrifices (imo).
One could turn this around from an investor's point of view too. If this kid can't manage her finances well enough so that they need a $20k 'quick fix' to pay off their credit cards, why should I invest my money in her idea, or even her as a person? How are they going to run a business? If I as an investor have to put up the money and put up the 'experience', perhaps I can find someone else with better financial skills.
Many times those credit cards are used to pay for basic living expenses and/or even to bootstrap the business.
Having high cc debt does not mean they've been irresponsible.
Seems to be a double standard here...
Founders are expected to pour every ounce of their life into the business, which means they can't work a 9-5 to pay the bills.
Yet having debt is considered a bad thing.
Incurring untenable credit card debt for basic living expenses in the service of bootstrapping a company that ultimately needs VC funding is prima facie irresponsible. I'm not condemning it (I haven't been absolutely responsible with my own finances), but let's not sugarcoat it either.
I guess we'll have to agree to disagree.
Thank you. Just wish I hadn't been downvoted for my views earlier :)
shrughes on Dec 4, 2010
$20k is hardly an irresponsible amount of debt. That's not something a year making software won't easily pay off.
keeptrying on Dec 4, 2010
In my mind this should even be on termsheets. Especially when VC is involved as it increases the incentive for an entrepreneur to go for the biggest possible exit instead of settling for something in the 10's of millions so that he can fill up his bank balance which is tending to $0.
First, an 8-figure exit is a outlying success for an A-round funded company. It is the king-high straight of startup outcomes. Twitter drew quad jacks; Facebook got a straight flush. You aren't going to draw a straight flush. Don't benchmark outcomes that way. A $900,000 dollar (gasp!) payday would be enormously tempting to most startup founders.
Second, you can't settle for a crappy exit your VC doesn't believe in. You sold them board seats. They will stop you, and then they will fire you. Are there companies with terms that make this less likely? Yes; they also got dealt pocket aces. Did you?
My point? Why would VC's include cash-out terms for their typical investment? The whole investment is predicated on the idea that you're going to make their numbers.
Imagine that you were making 200K a year before you founded the company. And being a founder you've taken a 40K salary. Suddenly its been 5 years, your startup is doing well with 2M of revenue per month but your still making 40K/y as the founder.
Lets say an exit is possible after 4 years of more work. For all intents and purposes, your founders have blown through their savings and are watching as their former (regularly employed) friends are buying houses (at least putting down large down-payments) and driving nice cars while he/she is living in some crappy apartment to keep costs down.
In this scenario, the sane thing in my mind is to help out the entrepreneur so that he can focus on making the company huge instead of quitting the startup so he can get a job paying $300K which would let him buy a decent house for his kids.
Everything in life is negotiable. Even the present terms in a termsheet are negotiable and I feel that this could certainly be one of them.
No founder/CEO of a profitable startup who was making $200k/yr before starting the company and then takes a VC A-round is making $40k/yr in her fifth year at the company. No such person is making $40k/yr the day after the first round of funding they take.
CEOs of VC-funded companies make market wages.
"The whole investment is predicated on the idea that you're going to make their numbers."
Serious question: at that point what is the qualitative difference with being an employee with lots of stock options? Isn't the point of being an entrepreneur that you get to drive the bus?
An age-old question. The answer I've gotten is, "if you're making your numbers, you're driving the bus; when you stop making your numbers, your investors take over the bus".
My ideal is to not have investors. That way I'm always driving the bus. It may be a short bus. It may be a bus with nobody else in it. But it's my bus, I'm driving, there's no drama and no risk of losing control or getting screwed out of ownership.
My ideal anyway. But I'm pragmatic so if there comes a situation that "fits" and where the positives massively outweigh negatives, so be it. Large enough amounts of money could get me to say, "Where do I sign?"
We started out looking for funding. We backed into consulting/bootstrapping. Consulting has sort of taken over our lives (it's lucrative, and we love the work), but we've never not had a full-time dev team. We joke, constantly, about how badly the company would have done had we been unfortunate enough to actually close a round.
danwolff on Dec 5, 2010
When the author implied that driving a Porsche means not caring about money is exactly when I lost interest in his opinions.
The most interesting and successful (same traits, different present situations) owners in the Porsche communities I participate in cringe at the type of people who see it as a status symbol. It's about the connection to the planet/universe that you get from driving such well designed and engineered machines.
To the author's point, though, if they're driving it for the purpose of that alone, yeah, I'd question their integrity, too.
edit - spelling typo
whatusername on Dec 4, 2010
And when you drive your own custom branded supercar -- we all know that you're never going to cash out: http://zondahh.com/
Pretty sure DHH is in a continuous state of "cashing out". He has no VC, in the sense being discussed here (they have a strategic investment from Bezos, but that isn't a VC relationship).
asanwal on Dec 4, 2010
For folks thinking of working at a startup where stock options (and their potential) are part of the decision criteria, it is important to ensure that there is at least high-level alignment of goals and incentives between employees and founders.
piney on Dec 4, 2010
the rest of us are scrambling up the slope to get to $5m, then we can relax. Founders who reach that goal and still command the helm and less inclined, nowadays more than ever, to jump ship and sit at a cafe with their laptop, trying to look busy and tweeting about their comeback. Its cold outside baby!
CamperBob on Dec 5, 2010
Never invest in a startup where the parking lot is full of Porsches and Ferraris... and don't ask me how I know.
Porsches are gauche. There's some lunatic who parks his DB9 on the street (3rd & King, if you're interested), which is a statement of utter contempt for us proles. "I don't mind parking my quarter-million dollar car at a meter because I have four more just like it at home".
tspiteri on Dec 4, 2010
I don't afford a Porsche. But if I could afford to buy one, I would still not buy it unless I could afford to park it anywhere. That is, there is a difference between affording to just buy a Porsche (perhaps as a status symbol), and affording to buy a Porsche and use it without care. I don't think that it takes a lunatic to park his DB9 on the street, just someone who bought the car just because he likes it and can do it. The feeling I get is that you are implying that a Porsche is a status symbol, whereas the owner thinks it's just his car, and does not care what any of "us proles" think.
MarkSweep on Dec 4, 2010
Or maybe he just wants to park his car? Why should "proles" feel resentment for his success or parking place choice?
I don't think I'd park an Aston Martin at a meter, particularly in SOMA; I'm perfectly comfortable parking my $4k used Jetta there, but I've seen plenty of cars significantly less awesome than a DB9 vandalized on the street.
jonknee on Dec 4, 2010
I'm sure he has insurance. What's the fun of a nice car if you are too paranoid to use it?
Totally - then again DB9s are a poor choice for a daily driver - at least a Porsche can survive the grind - try driving anything British or Italian daily - won't end well!
laut on Dec 4, 2010
Millions of people drive Italian cars every day. Fiat is taking over Chrysler. You'll see modern Italian cars in the US soon. They are not like in the 1970s.
Sorry, I should've said I'm talking about British/Italian exotics... Ferrari/Lambo/Aston/etc. are quite unreliable long-term (i.e. over 30K miles), but Porsche is like the everyday exotic - they're actually great long-term and available in 4WD (the Carrera4, Targa4, Turbo at least). Then again the truly rare American exotics (Saleen S7, Mosler, etc.) are even worse, but next to no one even has seen them.
Certainly not a blanket statement about about those cars. I love Fiats/Alfas, and I'm glad they might be coming to the States soon. Though British cars have had a bad rap for a long time (from the Brit Leyland / Rover / etc. days) - Jag is still pretty boring and only Land Rover is at all relevant / reliable.
It might be true for cars like Jaguars and Ferraris from the 1980s, but not today.
Do you think a Ferrari California or Lamborghini Gallardo becomes unreliable over 30K miles? They are made to last much longer than that.
Most current Lamborghinis have 4WD, but 4WD is not really necessary unless you are driving up a steep icy, snowy hill daily.
Locke1689 on Dec 5, 2010
Actually the biggest problem you'll run into with a Ferrari and similar in the states is that they ride so low that you will be continuously screwed by US speed bumps. Hearing the bottom of a Ferrari scrape against a speed bump is a truly tragic sound. For whatever reason Porsches actually do ride a bit higher, just enough to avoid speed bumps (although some curbs can still be a problem).
PStamatiou on Dec 5, 2010
I learned that the hard way with my last car. A speedbump took off my midpipe! (pushed it up and the bolts snapped.. still intact just not connected) There was a good month when I was driving around Atlanta with a straight header V8.. surprised I did not get pulled over with how loud that thing was.
Hell - in my town my GTI scrapes all the time... I can only imagine having something lower. Porsche has the courtesy to put a replaceable black lip for the scrapes.
jodrellblank on Dec 4, 2010
A quarter million dollars? You can get them second hand starting around 60k USD:
http://www.autotrader.co.uk/classified/advert/20104737389528...
jedc on Dec 4, 2010
Seriously, come to London if you want to see this all the time. Walk through Mayfair and you'll see Porsches, Astons, Ferraris, Rolls-Royces, Bentleys parked on the street all over. It's crazy...
Sometimes it's not contempt, it's just what you need to do to get a parking spot. :)
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Dear Abby: I am 14 years old and the daughter of a successful businessman. Daddy recently announced that we have been invited to the bat mitzvah of the daughter of one of his co-workers. I don"t want to go.
When I was in seventh grade, I went to her brother"s bar mitzvah. While the actual ceremony was interesting and enlightening (I"m Catholic), the party afterward was really uncomfortable. I"m not shy, but it is hard to socialize with people I have never met before on such a large scale.
Dear Quiet And intimidated: You are older and more socially skilled now than when you were a seventh-grader. You don"t have to "sparkle," because the attention will be centered on the bat mitzvah girl.
Why not use being Catholic and not knowing anyone to your advantage? Pick out the cutest boy in the room, walk over and explain that this is all new for you. Remember the circle dance in which everyone participated at the last party? It"s called the "hora." Tell him you don"t know how and ask him to show you and lead you when the music starts. You may make a friend.
Dear Abby: When I had my first child, my sister "Ursula" bought me a cradle swing that retails for about $180. I have used it for both my children and have kept it in excellent condition. My youngest is nearing the recommended weight limit for the swing, so I"m considering selling it, as I do with all the items my children outgrow. I should get about $75 for it.
I"m a stay-at-home mom and my husband works two jobs. We live on a tight budget. I"d like to use the money I get for the swing for birthday and Christmas gifts for the kids.
Ursula"s husband"s niece, "Bree," is having a baby boy in two months. I"m not close to Bree and see her only every other year. I plan on giving her lots of the baby clothes, toys and equipment I have. I could have sold them, but chose to give them to Bree. I don"t plan on giving her the swing.
Dear Puzzled: For Ursula to dictate to you how you dispose of the gift takes a lot of nerve, and no rule of etiquette obligates you to give the swing to Bree. However, unless you want that swing to become a bone of contention and a source of resentment, give it to Bree with a smile. The good feelings it will generate are worth more than $75 — and the penalty isn"t worth it. Trust me.
Dear Anxious: Your question is not "dumb." In the event that someone dies at home, the police should be notified so they can be sure the person passed away of natural causes.


text:
Drake Gifted Unique Rolls Royce For His Birthday In Full Circle Moment
Drake celebrated his 35th birthday over the weekend with a Halloween party in Los Angeles. The star-studded affair had a Narcos theme and "Champagne Papi" didn't disappoint with his cowboy costume complete with a Stetson cowboy hat, leather fringe jacket and cowboy boots complete with spurs. The party was named "Chico Amante" which translates to "Lover Boy" in a nod to his recent album, "Certified Lover Boy." In a full-circle moment Drake received a Rolls-Royce Phantom just like the one he used to rent for $5,000 a month during his early days in the music business. Drake posted a picture of himself to Instagram in the back of the car. "Even though I don't recommend putting yourself in financial trouble for material things I realize now that this was just my way of extreme manifesting," he explained in the caption. "I needed to see it and feel it and have it to believe that I could see and feel and have anything I wanted. Today in 2021 my brother @futuretheprince tracked down the exact car I use to stress over and gifted it to me…it's mine now. Manifestation complete."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Subcomandante Marcos wearing his black balaclava while smoking his usual pipe.
Delegado Cero (Delegate Zero)
http://www.ezln.org.mx/
Subcomandante Marcos is the spokesperson for the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), a Mexican rebel movement. In January 1994, he led an army of Mayan farmers into the eastern parts of the Mexican state of Chiapas protesting against the Mexican government's treatment of indigenous peoples.[1]
Marcos is an author, political poet, adroit humorist, and outspoken opponent of capitalism. Marcos has advocated having the Mexican constitution amended to recognize the rights of the country's indigenous inhabitants.[2] The internationally known guerrillero has been described as a "new" and "postmodern" Che Guevara.[2][3]
The nom de guerre "Marcos" is the name of a friend killed at a military road checkpoint.[4] He is known as Delegado Cero (Delegate Zero) in matters concerning the Other Campaign. He is only seen wearing a balaclava, and his true identity remains a topic of debate.
3 Political and philosophical writings
3.1 The Fourth World War
6 Notes and references
Subcomandante Marcos, smoking a pipe atop a horse in Chiapas, Mexico.
Like many of his generation, Marcos was radicalized by the Tlatelolco massacre and became a militant in the Maoist National Liberation Forces. In 1983, he went to the mountains of Chiapas to convince the poor indigenous population to start a proletarian revolution against the bourgeoisie.[5] The indigenous Mayans "just stared at him,"[5] and replied that they were not workers; that, from their perspective, land was not property but rather "the heart of their communities."[5] When asked about his first days in Chiapas in the documentary A Place Called Chiapas, Marcos says:
" Imagine a person who comes from an urban culture. One of the world's biggest cities, with a university education, accustomed to city life. It's like landing on another planet. The language, the surroundings are new. You're seen as an alien from outer space. Everything tells you: "Leave. This is a mistake. You don't belong in this place." And it's said in a foreign tongue. But they let you know, the people, the way they act; the weather, the way it rains; the sunshine; the earth, the way it turns to mud; the diseases; the insects; homesickness. You're being told. "You don't belong here." If that's not a nightmare, what is? "
Marcos immersed himself in Mayan culture. After the political struggles within the FLN, the outlook of the indigenous peasants of Chiapas, and the failure of the Chiapas uprising, he embraced an approach to social revolution that has important parallels to the theories of Antonio Gramsci which were popular in Mexico.
A Place Called Chiapas includes the powerful rhetoric of the Zapatistas spoken in Spanish. He addresses the film maker with only his eyes and pipe visible: "It is our day, day of the dead". Marcos reveals the Zapatista belief that he is a dead-man and so are the Zapatistas.
"Marcos, the quintessential anti-leader, insists that his black mask is a mirror, so that 'Marcos is gay in San Francisco, black in South Africa, an Asian in Europe, a Chicano in San Ysidro, an anarchist in Spain, a Palestinian in Israel, a Mayan Indian in the streets of San Cristobal, a Jew in Germany, a Gypsy in Poland, a Mohawk in Quebec, a pacifist in Bosnia, a single woman on the Metro at 10 p.m., a peasant without land, a gang member in the slums, an unemployed worker, an unhappy student and, of course, a Zapatista in the mountains'. In other words, he is simply us: we are the leader we've been looking for."
—Naomi Klein, Socialist Register [5]
Subcomandante Marcos (center, wearing brown cap) in Chiapas
The Mexican government alleges Marcos to be one "Rafael Sebastián Guillén Vicente", born June 19, 1957 in Tampico, Tamaulipas to Spanish immigrants. Guillén attended high school at Instituto Cultural Tampico, a Jesuit school in Tampico, where he presumably became acquainted with Liberation Theology.[6][7] Guillén later moved to Mexico City and graduated from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) majoring in Philosophy. There he became immersed in the school's Marxist rhetoric and won an award for the best dissertation of his class. He began working as a professor at the Autonomous Metropolitan University (UAM) while finishing his dissertation at UNAM, but after a couple of years left. It is thought that it was at UAM where Rafael got in touch with the Forces of National Liberation, the mother organization of what would later become the EZLN. Guillén's family is unaware of what happened to him and refuse to say if they think Marcos and Guillén are the same person.
Guillén's family is deeply involved in Tamaulipas politics. Guillén's sister Mercedes del Carmen Guillén Vicente is the Attorney General of the State of Tamaulipas, and a very influential member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party which governed Mexico for more than 70 years. During the Great March to Mexico City in 2001, Marcos visited the UNAM and during a speech said that he had at least been there before.[8][9][10]
In an interview with García Márquez and Roberto Pombo, Marcos spoke of his upbringing: "It was middle class. My father, the head of the family, taught in a rural school in the time of Cárdenas when, as he used to say, teachers had their ears cut off for being communists. My mother also taught in a school in the countryside, then moved and entered the middle class: it was a family without financial difficulties." His parents fostered a love for language and reading: "In our family, words had a very special value. Our way of approaching the world was through language. We learnt to read, not so much in school, as in the columns of newspapers. Early on, my mother and father gave us books that disclosed other things. One way or another, we became conscious of language—not as a way of communicating, but of constructing something. As if it were a pleasure more than a duty." When asked how old he was, Marcos replied: "I'm 518" and laughed.[11]
Political and philosophical writings
For more details on this topic, see Subcomandante Marcos bibliography.
Flag of the EZLN
Marcos has written more than 200 essays and stories and has published 21 books documenting his political and philosophical views. The essays and stories are recycled in the books. Marcos tends to prefer indirect expression, and his writings are often fables, although some are more earthy and direct. In a January 2003 letter to Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (the Basque ETA), titled I shit on all the revolutionary vanguards of this planet, Marcos says "We teach [children of the EZLN] that there are as many words as colors and that there are so many thoughts because within them is the world where words are born...And we teach them to speak with the truth, that is to say, to speak with their hearts."[12]
La Historia de los Colores (The Story of Colors) is a story written for children and is one of Marcos' most-read books. Based on a Mayan creation myth, it teaches tolerance and respect for diversity.[13] The book's English translation was to be published with support from the U.S. National Endowment for the Arts, but in 1999 the grant was abruptly canceled after questions from a reporter to the Endowment's chairman William J. Ivey.[14][15] The Lannan Foundation stepped in with support after the NEA withdrew.[16]
Marcos' political philosophy is often characterized as Marxist and his populist writing, which concentrates on unjust treatment of people by both business and the State, underlines some of the commonalities the Zapatista ideology shares with Libertarian Socialism and/or Anarchism. In a well-known 1992 essay, Marcos begins each of his five "chapters" in a characteristic style of complaint:[17]
"This chapter tells how the supreme government was affected by the poverty of the Indigenous peoples of Chiapas and endowed the area with hotels, prisons, barracks, and a military airport. It also tells how the beast feeds on the blood of the people, as well as other miserable and unfortunate happenings...A handful of businesses, one of which is the Mexican State, takes all the wealth out of Chiapas and in exchange leave behind their mortal and pestilent mark."
"This chapter tells the story of the Governor, an apprentice to the viceroy, and his heroic fight against the progressive clergy and his adventures with the feudal cattle, coffee and business lords."
"This chapter tells how the viceroy had a brilliant idea and put this idea into practice. It also tells how the Empire decreed the death of socialism, and then put itself to the task of carrying out this decree to the great joy of the powerful, the distress of the weak and the indifference of the majority."
"This chapter tells how dignity and defiance joined hands in the Southeast, and how Jacinto Pérez's ghost run through the Chiapas highlands. It also tells of a patience that has run out and of other happenings which have been ignored but have major consequences."
"This chapter tells how the dignity of the Indigenous people tried to make itself heard, but its voice only lasted a little while. It also tells how voices that spoke before are speaking again today and that the Indians are walking forward once again but this time with firm footsteps."
The elliptical, ironic and romantic style of Marcos' writings may be a way of keeping a distance from the painful circumstances that he reports and protests. In any event, his literary output has a purpose, as stated in a 2002 book title, Our Word is Our Weapon, a compilation of his articles, poems, speeches, and letters.[18][19] In 2005 he wrote the novel The Uncomfortable Dead with crime writer Paco Ignacio Taibo II.
The Fourth World War
Subcomandante Marcos has also written an essay in which he claims that the neoliberalism and globalization constitute the "Fourth World War."[20] He termed the Cold War the "Third World War."[20] In this piece, Marcos compares and contrasts the Third World War (the Cold War) with the Fourth World War, which he says is the new type of war that we find ourselves in now: "If the Third World War saw the confrontation of capitalism and socialism on various terrains and with varying degrees of intensity, the fourth will be played out between large financial centers, on a global scale, and at a tremendous and constant intensity."[20] He goes on to claim that economic globalization has created devastation through financial policies:[20]
"Toward the end of the Cold War, capitalism created a military horror: the neutron bomb, a weapon that destroys life while leaving buildings intact. During the Fourth World War, however, a new wonder has been discovered: the financial bomb. Unlike those dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, this new bomb not only destroys the polis (here, the nation), imposing death, terror, and misery on those who live there, but also transforms its target into just another piece in the puzzle of economic globalization."
Marcos explains the effect of the financial bombs as, "destroying the material bases of their [nation-state's] sovereignty and, in producing their qualitative depopulation, excluding all those deemed unsuitable to the new economy (for example, indigenous peoples)." [20] Marcos also believes that neoliberalism and globalization result in a loss of unique culture for societies as a result of the homogenizing effect of neoliberal globalization:[20]
"All cultures forged by nations—the noble indigenous past of America, the brilliant civilization of Europe, the wise history of Asian nations, and the ancestral wealth of Africa and Oceania—are corroded by the American way of life. In this way, neoliberalism imposes the destruction of nations and groups of nations in order to reconstruct them according to a single model. This is a planetary war, of the worst and cruelest kind, waged against humanity."
It is in this context which Subcomandante Marcos believes that the EZLN and other indigenous movements across the world are fighting back. He sees the EZLN as one of many "pockets of resistance."[20]
"It is not only in the mountains of southeastern Mexico that neoliberalism is being resisted. In other regions of Mexico, in Latin America, in the United States and in Canada, in the Europe of the Maastricht Treaty, in Africa, in Asia, and in Oceania, pockets of resistance are multiplying. Each has its own history, its specificities, its similarities, its demands, its struggles, its successes. If humanity wants to survive and improve, its only hope resides in these pockets made up of the excluded, the left-for-dead, the 'disposable.'"
"Subcomandante Marcos, a principal member of the Zapatistas in the Chiapas region in Mexico, eludes easy definition, has slipped in and out of media attention, but struggles on in his own small, bloodless, but eloquent ways. He's issued essays, stories, books, and most recently more demands for indigenous rights as part of the 'Other Campaign' decrying Mexico's election-system, a campaign he conducted on a motorbike in honor of (Che) Guevara's travels. Marcos is a post-modern rebel, a local, non-violent guerrilla who's still found many ways, often through technology instead of guns, to short-circuit the dominant network of power."
— Brian Gibson, Vue Weekly [21]
However, most would agree that Marcos is the man responsible for putting the impoverished state of Mexico's indigenous population in the spotlight, both locally and internationally.[2]
On his 3,000 kilometer trek to the capital during the Other Campaign, Marcos was welcomed by "huge adoring crowds, chanting and whistling."[2] There were "Marcos handcrafted dolls, and his ski mask-clad face adorns T-shirts, posters and badges."[2]
Asked if it was a burden to be Marcos, he responded: "Yes, it's a great burden because the idea is still prevalent that the EZLN's mistakes are Marcos's, and the good ideas come from the communities. Although we've often been lightning rods, among the compañeros this division of labor makes people worry, because they say: 'In any case, if there's an attack, it'll be on you.'" Asked if this threat made him feel vulnerable: "Yes. Mostly when I go out on the Other Campaign. I feel ill at ease because it's not my territory, there's no media, no compañeros, resources.'" Despite the uneasy feeling of being a potential target, Marcos said, "if I had to do it all over again, I wouldn't change a thing [...] if I did think about changing something, it would be this: I wouldn't have taken such a prominent role in the media."[22]
Subcomandante Marcos knows of the possibility of being assassinated but stands committed to the cause: "We don't fear to die struggling. The good word has already been planted in fertile soil. This fertile soil is in the heart of all of you, and it is there that Zapatista dignity flourishes.'"[3]
Zapatista Army of National Liberation
Anti-globalization
Global justice movement
Left-wing politics
^ A Masked Marxist on the Stump by James McKinley, The New York Times, January 6, 2006
^ a b c d e BBC Profile: The Zapatistas' mysterious leader by Nathalie Malinarich, March 11, 2001
^ a b Zapatistas Launch 'Other' Campaign by Ramor Ryan, The Indypendent, January 12, 2006 issue
^ quoted in "First World, Ha! Ha! Ha! The Zapatista Challenge" Interview: Subcomandante Marcos, by Medea Benjamin. City Lights Books, San Francisco 1994. pg.70.
^ a b c d Farewell to the End of History: Organization and Vision in Anti-Corporate Movements by Naomi Klein, The Socialist Register, 2002, London: Merlin Press, 1-14
^ Gabriel García Márquez y Roberto Pombo (25 Mar 2001). "Habla Marcos". Cambio (Ciudad de México). http://www.ezln.org/entrevistas/20010325.es.htm. A discussion of Marcos's background and views. Marcos says his parents were both schoolteachers and mentions early influences of Cervantes and García Lorca.
^ Gabriel García Márquez and Subcomandante Marcos (July 2, 2001). A Zapatista Reading List. The Nation. An abbreviated version of the Cambio article, in English.
^ Alex Khasnabish (2003). "Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos". MCRI Globalization and Autonomy. http://www.globalautonomy.ca/global1/glossary_entry.jsp?id=PR.0014.
^ Hector Carreon (Mar 8 2001). "Aztlan Joins Zapatistas on March into Tenochtitlan". La Voz de Aztlan. http://www.aztlan.net/zocalo.htm.
^ El EZLN (2001). "La Revolución Chiapanequa". Zapata-Chiapas. http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:_d4YZ8BcW50J:www.kl.unibe.ch/sec2/neufeld/faecher/spanisch/Inicio/Actividades/trabajos/2001/tm-zapata/Zapata-Chiapas.htm++%22Tambi%C3%A9n+son+llamados+simplemente+Zapatistas%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1.
^ The Punch Card and the Hourglass by García Márquez and Roberto Pombo, New Left Review, May – June 2001, Issue 9
^ Zapatista National Liberation Army (Jan 9 2003). "To Euskadi Ta Askatasuna". Flag. http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/mexico/ezln/2003/marcos/etaJAN.html.
^ Patrick Markee (May 16, 1999). "Hue and Cry". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/books/99/05/16/reviews/990516.16markeet.html.
^ Bobby Byrd (2003). "The Story Behind The Story of Colors". Cinco Puntos Press. http://www.cincopuntos.com/storyofcolors.sstg.
^ Julia Preston (Mar 10 1999). "U.S. Cancels Grant for Children's Book Written by Mexican Guerrilla". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/americas/031099mexico-book.html. This article was retitled "N.E.A. Couldn't Tell a Mexican Rebel's Book by Its Cover" in late editions.
^ Irvin Molotsky (Mar 11 1999). "Foundation Will Bankroll Rebel Chief's Book N.E.A. Dropped". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/library/books/031199zapatista-book.html.
^ Subcomandante Marcos (1992). "Chiapas: The Southeast in Two Winds". Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional. http://www.ezln.org/documentos/1994/199208xx.en.htm.
^ Alma Guillermoprieto (March 2, 1995). The Shadow War. New York Review of Books. This book review recounts problems faced by residents of Chiapas.
^ Paul Berman (October 18, 2001). Landscape Architect. New York Review of Books.
^ a b c d e f g The Fourth World War Has Begun by Subcomandante Marcos, trans. Nathalie de Broglio, Neplantla: Views from South, Duke University Press: 2001, Vol. 2 Issue 3: 559-572
^ SideVue: Che What? by Brian Gibson, Vue Weekly, April 9, 2009, Issue #703
^ "Learning, Surviving: Marcos After the Rupture" by Laura Castellanos, NACLA Report on the Americas, May – June 2008, Vol. 41 Issue 3: 34-39
See also: Bibliography of Subcomandante Marcos
Anurudda Pradeep (අනුරුද්ධ ප්‍රදීප්) (2006). සැපටිස්ටා : Zapatista.
Nick Henck (2007). Subcommander Marcos: the man and the mask. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Mihalis Mentinis (2006). ZAPATISTAS: The Chiapas Revolt and What It Means for Radical Politics. London: Pluto Press.
John Ross (1995). Rebellion from the Roots: Indian Uprising in Chiapas. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press.
George Allen Collier and Elizabeth Lowery Quaratiello (1995). Basta! Land and the Zapatista Rebellion in Chiapas. Oakland, CA: Food First Books.
Bertrand de la Grange and Maité Rico (1997). Marcos: La Genial Impostura. Madrid: Alfaguara, Santillana Ediciones Generales.
Yvon Le Bot (1997). Le Rêve Zapatiste. Paris, Éditions du Seuil.
Maria del Carmen Legorreta Díaz (1998). Religión, Política y Guerrilla en Las Cañadas de la Selva Lacandona. Mexico City: Editorial Cal y Arena.
John Womack, Jr. (1999). Rebellion in Chiapas: An Historical Reader. New York: The New Press.
Manuel Vázquez Montalbán (1999). Marcos: el Señor de los Espejos. Madrid: Aguilar.
Ignacio Ramonet (2001). Marcos. La dignité rebelle. Paris: Galilée. Subtitled Conversations avec le Sous-commandant Marcos.
Manuel Vázquez Montalbán (2001). Marcos Herr der Spiegel. Berlin: Verlag Klaus Wagenbach. German translation of Marcos: el Señor de los Espejos.
Alma Guillermoprieto (2001). Looking for History: Dispatches from Latin America. New York: Knopf Publishing Group.
Manuel Vázquez Montalbán (2003). Marcos, le Maître des Miroirs. Montréal: Éditions Mille et Une Nuits. French translation of Marcos: el Señor de los Espejos.
Gloria Muñoz Ramírez (2008). The Fire and the Word: A History of the Zapatista Movement. City Lights Publishers. ISBN 978-0-87286-488-7.
EZLN and Subcomandante Marcos official web page
Profile: The Zapatistas' mysterious leader, BBC News
Subcomandante Marcos tribute web page
A Place Called Chiapas - a 1998 Documentary by Nettie Wild about the Zapatista movement.
Narco News: Subcomandante Marcos Pays Homage to Che Guevara and Praises Cuba October 11, 2006.
Writings of Subcomandante Marcos
Revolution Rocks: Thoughts of Mexico's First Postmodern Guerrilla Commander by The New York Times
The Death Train of the WTO: The Slaves of Money and Our Rebellion by Subcomandante Marcos
From Che to Marcos by Jeffrey W. Rubin, Dissent Magazine, Summer 2002
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Subcomandante Marcos — (links) mit Comandante Tacho in Chiapas (1999) Subcomandante Marcos (* 1957) oder auch Delegado Zero ist das Pseudonym eines mexikanischen Revolutionärs und Autors. Er bezeichnet sich selbst als das Sprachrohr der EZLN (Zapatistische Armee der… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Subcomandante Marcos — Subcomandante Años de servicio 1994 … Wikipedia Español
Subcomandante Marcos — Sous commandant Marcos Pour les articles homonymes, voir Marcos. Rafael Sebastián Guillén Vicente dit le sous commandant Marcos … Wikipédia en Français
Subcomandante Marcos — El Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos es el principal portavoz (muchas veces confundido con líder) del grupo armado indigenista mexicano denominado Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN), que hizo su aparición pública el 1º de enero de… … Enciclopedia Universal
Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos — Subcomandante Marcos (links) mit Comandante Tacho in Chiapas (1999) Subcomandante Marcos oder auch Delegado Zero ist das Pseudonym eines mexikanischen Revolutionärs und Autors. Er bezeichnet sich selbst als das Sprachrohr der EZLN (Zapatistische… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Marcos Rafael Guillen — Subcomandante Marcos (links) mit Comandante Tacho in Chiapas (1999) Subcomandante Marcos oder auch Delegado Zero ist das Pseudonym eines mexikanischen Revolutionärs und Autors. Er bezeichnet sich selbst als das Sprachrohr der EZLN (Zapatistische… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Marcos Rafael Guillén — Subcomandante Marcos (links) mit Comandante Tacho in Chiapas (1999) Subcomandante Marcos oder auch Delegado Zero ist das Pseudonym eines mexikanischen Revolutionärs und Autors. Er bezeichnet sich selbst als das Sprachrohr der EZLN (Zapatistische… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Marcos — may refer to: Contents 1 People with the given name Marcos 2 Sports 3 Politics … Wikipedia
Marcos — ist eine Variante des männlichen Vornamens Markus bzw. Marcus. Marcos ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Alberto Marcos Rey (* 1974), spanischer Fußballspieler Asier Antonio Marcos (* 1979), spanischer Handballspieler Cristina Marcos (*… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Marcos (desambiguación) — Marcos puede referirse a: Contenido 1 Nombre 1.1 Personas 1.2 Otros 2 Véase también Nombre … Wikipedia Español


text:
Q: infowindow not displaying with marker in didTapAtCoordinate method i am trying to show infowindow and marker both simultaneously.
code
-(void)set_markerOnMap:(double)lat longitude:(double)lon{

    GMSMarker *marker = [[GMSMarker alloc] init];
    marker.title = @"Location selected";
    marker.position = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(lat, lon);
    marker.snippet = @"Testing";
    marker.icon=[UIImage imageNamed:@"red-pin.png"];
    marker.map = self.MyMapView;

    [self.MyMapView setSelectedMarker:marker];

}

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    [self set_markerOnMap:21.214894 longitude:72.88087];
    self.MyMapView.delegate=self;
}

above code is working fine and its showing both infowindow and marker together.
but my problem is when i called set_markerOnMap method from didTapAtCoordinate instead of  viewDidLoad it does not work and only marker is shown.
code:
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.MyMapView.delegate=self;

}

- (void) mapView:       (GMSMapView *)  mapView
didTapAtCoordinate:     (CLLocationCoordinate2D)    coordinate{

 [self set_markerOnMap:21.214894 longitude:72.88087];

}

anyone can help me where i am wrong?

A: See if this works...
[[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^{
    [self set_markerOnMap:21.214894 longitude:72.88087];
}];

A: So the short term answer, as hinted by i2Fluffy, is the following:
@implementation ViewController {
  GMSMarker *tapMarker;
}

- (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];

  GMSMapView *mapView = (GMSMapView*)self.view;
  mapView.delegate = self;

  CLLocationCoordinate2D sydney = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(-33.868, 151.2086);

  mapView.camera = [GMSCameraPosition cameraWithTarget:sydney zoom:8];

  tapMarker = [GMSMarker markerWithPosition:sydney];
  tapMarker.title = @"Tap Marker";
  tapMarker.map = (GMSMapView*)self.view;
}

-(void)mapView:(GMSMapView *)mapView didTapAtCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate {
  NSLog(@"Tap at (%g,%g)", coordinate.latitude, coordinate.longitude);
  tapMarker.position = coordinate;
  [[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^{
    [((GMSMapView*)self.view) setSelectedMarker:tapMarker];
  }];
}

@end

The longer term answer is that this is a bug (gmaps-api-issues/7222) and I'll work with engineering to get this fixed.
Thanks for the report! =)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Kiara Advani's favourite look for a special date revealed
Watch Kiara Advani indulging in a candid chat with makeup artist Lekha Gupta in the promo of Vanity Diaries.
Kiara Advani has come a long way in a not so very long time. From coming to limelight with her appearance in MS Dhoni: An Untold Story to acting alongside Shahid Kapoor in Kabir Singh, it must have been an exciting journey! Needless to say, a woman as beautiful as her wouldn't take much time to develop a strong fan base. Also, the flawless skin and hair that she flaunts and the neat fashion sense that she possesses are quite enviable!
Hence, we decided to have Kiara over, for a special episode of Amazon Beauty presents Vanity Diaries, a show you would want to watch if you are interested knowing more about how our favourite celebrities achieve that flawless look. In a conversation with ace makeup artist Lekha Gupta, Kiara will be seen having a heart-to-heart, playing fun games and putting herself under the trusted hands of Lekha for a quick makeup session. There's still some time before we show you the full episode, but here's a quick glimpse! In the video above, Kiara is seen referring to a particular look and revealing that she would like to go on a date like that.
A post shared by KIARA (@kiaraaliaadvani) on Jun 14, 2019 at 9:29pm PDT
Lekha, a reputed name in the industry, also added her magic touch to Kiara during the trailer launch and promotional events of Kabir Singh. She works with a range of known faces from tinsel town, including Parineeti Chopra, Madhuri Dixit, Swara Bhaskar, Raveena Tandon, Kriti Kharbanda, Mithila Palkar, Karisma Kapoor and Zareen Khan.
Kiara's Kabir Singh, which released on Friday, is already garnering a great response. She will be seen in Good News alongside Akshay Kumar, Diljit Dosanjh and Kareena Kapoor. Kiara is also a part of Akshay's Laxmi Bomb and has reportedly signed Abir Sengupta's Indoo Ki Jawani.
Get your hands on the hottest makeup must-haves for your vanity:
https://www.amazon.in/s?k=colorbar+glitter&i=beauty&ref=nb_sb_noss_2
Kiara AdvaniVanity Diaries
nextKatrina Kaif brings back memories, performs to Sheila ki Jawaani at a wedding


Each student in my 8th grade Digital and Video arts classes have selected an art related segment topic to research, write, record and edit.
Kaela talks about her "Favorite ART project", creating a clay vase using slip casting.
We would love to have you comment and let us know what you think of our podcast!


Camtasia for remarkable screencasts made easy. Create eye-catching training, presentation and demo videos...the easy way. Camtasia for Mac screen recording software is streamlined, intuitive and makes you look like a pro.
Camtasia - Remarkable screencasts made easy. Create eye-catching training, presentation and demo videos-the easy way. Camtasia for Mac screen recording software is streamlined, intuitive and makes you look like a pro. Easily record onscreen activity, Keynote slides, camera video, microphone or system audio - all with sparkling clarity. Record in front of a live audience or at your desk. Edit to perfection. Turn it into a stunning, HD-quality video at the perfect size to share on popular video sites, Apple devices, your website, blog or anywhere you like. Make them wonder how you did it.
Camtasia is an easy to use yet very useful application that gives you the possibility to record the screen of your Mac (screen-recording or screencasting).Camtasia is great if you need to make presentations or training, sales, marketing or simply educational videos.Camtasia will record everything that happens on your computer screen, what you say, how you interact with applications or websites. Once the recording is done, Camtasia provides the tools for editing every detail and allows you to share the results online.


text:
Victoria County History - Yorkshire
A History of the County of York: the City of York
The twelfth and thirteenth centuries: The Jewish community
A History of the County of York: the City of York. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1961.
The Jewish Community
In addition to the citizens in the strict sense, certain special groups with interests in York remain to be considered, and first among these the Jewish community. Grento and Benedict in 1130 (fn. 1) are probably early representatives of it; and in Henry II's reign it acquired the Jewborough, or Jewbury, later the site of its cemetery. (fn. 2) About the same time Joce son of David is found buying a messuage in Fossgate; (fn. 3) and among the debtors of Aaron of Lincoln in 1191 were Benedict of York, his three brothers, his partner Samuel, Samuel of York, and Joce of York. (fn. 4) By that time, apparently, a Jewish colony of fair size had grown up in the city.
There had already been dramatic testimony to this fact in 1190, when the Jews of York were the victims of a pogrom. The accounts of this episode show that the leaders of the community were the Benedict and Joce mentioned above, who had magnificent houses in Spen Lane and Coney Street respectively where, it was said, they lived 'like princes of their people and tyrants to the Christians'. (fn. 5) Both were in London at the time of Richard I's coronation and suffered in the anti-semitic riots which marked that occasion, Benedict dying at Northampton soon afterwards. (fn. 6) Joce returned to York to find a similar anti-Jewish movement had been stirred up there by indebted landowners and crusaders on the eve of departure. Rioting broke out on 15 March and lasted until the 17th, beginning with the sacking of Benedict's house and the murder of his widow. Joce and most of the other Jews of the city, with the connivance of the constable, took refuge in the castle, those who failed to reach this sanctuary being forcibly baptized or massacred. The refugees in the castle, however, refused entry to anyone; and the sheriff, who now arrived on the scene, lost his head and ordered the crusaders and others assembled in York to attack it. The most detailed version of the events which followed borrows heavily from Josephus's account of Vespasian's siege of Masada; (fn. 7) but it seems that some of the Jews committed suicide at the suggestion of Rabbi Jomtob of Joigny, and that most of those who surrendered on a promise of safety were massacred as they came out. The castle itself was fired by the rioters, and the records of debts owed to the Jews were solemnly burned in the midst of the minster, where they had been placed for safe keeping.
The king's anger soon descended on those responsible. The justiciar came north in April with a military force, dismissed the sheriff and constable, imposed severe penalties on the city and arrested many of those who had taken part. The leading role had apparently been played by Richard Malbysse of Acaster Malbis (W.R.), already punningly described by a Hebrew scribe eight years earlier as 'the evil beast'. (fn. 8) His estates were seized into the king's hand and two of his esquires were thrown into prison. (fn. 9) As for the citizens, some were gaoled, some taken as hostages to Northampton, some forfeited their property, and many, both wealthy and obscure men, paid fines to the king. (fn. 10) What the Jewish casualties were it is impossible to say, but Ephraim of Bonn's estimate that 'the number of those slain and burnt was 150 souls' seems the most reasonable. (fn. 11)
For a time, indeed, the Jewish community in York may have been all but extinguished, for it does not figure at all in the Jewish donum of 1194. (fn. 12) By 1201, however, Jews were again lending money there; and in 1208 there is a specific reference to the Jewish community of York in a case involving a Jew who slew his wife for love of Belina, a Jewess. (fn. 13) The community was taken into Henry III's protection in 1221, (fn. 14) and in 1230 bought a plot in Barkergate (now St. Maurice's Road) to extend its cemetery. (fn. 15) In 1255, in taxable capacity, the Jews of York stood seventh among the Jewries of England, (fn. 16) and earlier they may have stood higher. Eighteen York Jews contributed to the tallage of 1221 and 32 to that of 1223, (fn. 17) and they were apparently widely scattered through the city. There are notices of Jewish property in Coney Street, Micklegate, Hungate, Fossgate, Feltergayle (now Fetter Lane), Bretgate (i.e. Jubbergate, now Market Street), Patrick Pool, Walmgate, St. Saviourgate, Castlegate, and Pavement. (fn. 18) This dispersal does not suggest any great tension at this period between the Jews and their Christian neighbours.
One member of the community was certainly outstanding in his day. Aaron of York (fn. 19) was a son of that Joce who perished in 1190. He lived in Coney Street, but also had a house in Milk Street in London. He lent money to men in at least fourteen counties and in association with at least 20 of his co-religionists. (fn. 20) He was indeed the greatest of the Anglo-Jewish financiers of the 13th century; but after 1243 he was systematically ruined by Henry III, being mulcted, as he complained to Matthew Paris, of 30,000 marks in seven years. By the early 1250's he had been reduced to penury and, though he lived to 1268, did so thenceforward in obscurity. But he left his name in general history as well as in a tradition that a loan from him financed the making of the 'Five Sisters' window in the minster. (fn. 21)
What happened to Aaron was also happening to the rest of the York Jews. Antisemitic sentiment came to the surface again. A Jew was murdered at Ouse Bridge in 1257, and the murderer's accomplices acquitted by a city jury; (fn. 22) Aaron's nephew suffered at the hands of Montfort's followers; and in 1266 the king had to take the Jews of York under his protection. (fn. 23) Crushing taxation, restrictions on the practice of usury, and Edward I's campaign against Jews who clipped money, all took their toll. When some York Jews were arrested in 1277, they were too poor to find sureties or bear the cost of their transport to London for trial. (fn. 24) Thenceforward there are continual references to Jewish bonds held by the king's treasury as security for tallages, to Jews in prison for not paying tallages, and to Jewish property sold to Christians. (fn. 25)
In this manner the Jews of York and elsewhere were ruined before they were expelled in 1290. In that year they departed via the Cinque Ports, Archbishop Romeyn warning his flock that they were not to be molested on pain of excommunication. (fn. 26) The sheriff valued their real property in York, now reduced to small proportions: seven houses and the cemetery of Jewbury were worth little over £15. (fn. 27) Of the half-dozen Jews mentioned by name in this survey, only one, Bonamy of York, is heard of again. He was authorized by Philip the Fair to live where he pleased in France and to dispense with the Jewish badge. He settled in fact in Paris, where in 1292 he met Archbishop Romeyn as the latter returned from Rome. The archbishop agreed to collect on his behalf a debt owed to Bonamy by Bridlington Priory; and Romeyn's endeavours to do so led to his arraignment before parliament in 1293. (fn. 28) There ended the history of the medieval Jewish community in York.
1. Pipe R. 1130, 26, 32.
2. C. Roth, Hist. Jews Eng. 13.
3. John Rylands Libr. Latin MS. 220, f. 100.
4. Pipe R. 1191 and 1192, 22.
5. W. of Newburgh, Chron. Stephen &c., i. 312.
6. Ibid. 295 sqq.
7. Y.A.J. iii. 170 commenting on W. of Newburgh, 312 sqq.
8. Starrs and Jewish Charters in the B.M., ed. I. Abrahams and H. P. Stokes, i. 118–19.
9. Y.A.J. iii. 168.
10. Pipe R. 1190, 68–70; 1191 and 1192, 76–77; 1193 (P.R.S. N.S. iii), 72; 1194 (P.R.S. N.S. v), 161; Chanc. R. 1196 (P.R.S. N.S. vii), 186.
11. Roth, Hist. Jews Eng. 270.
12. Ibid. 24 n.
13. Cur. Reg. R. i. 390–1; v. 256.
14. Pat. R. 1216–25, 290.
15. Y.A.J. iii. 186–7.
16. Cal. Pat. 1247–58, 441-4.
17. M. Adler, Jews of Med. Eng. 134.
18. B.M. Cott. MS. Nero, D. iii, f. 147; Healaugh Park Charty. (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. 92), 160; Yorks. Fines, 1232–46, 68; Cal. Pat. 1266–72, 226; Cal. Fine R. 1272–1307, 96; Close R. 1237-42, 1; Cal. Jewish Plea R. i. 141, 247; iii. 218; Cal. Inq. Misc. iii, pp. 238–9.
19. Adler, Jews of Med. Eng. 127 sqq.; Roth, Hist. Jews Eng. 49.
20. Close R. passim.
21. Adler, Jews of Med. Eng. 148.
22. J.I. 1/1109, m. 34.
23. Cal. Pat. 1258–66, 679; 1266–72, 170.
24. Cal. Jewish Plea R. iii. 277.
25. Ibid. ii and iii, passim.
26. Cal. Pat. 1281–92, 379, 382; Reg. Romeyn, i. 290.
28. Roth, Hist. Jews Eng. 87 n., 88; Rot. Parl. i. 120.


Every once in a while, a gadget completely resets the curve. Once I started wearing good, expensive headphones, I suddenly couldn't even tolerate Apple's EarPods anymore. When I first grabbed my friend's BlackBerry because I needed to answer an email, I knew instantly I wasn't going back to texting with T9. I drove an Audi and never looked at my Saturn the same way again. Remember the first time you used a capacitive touchscreen, threw your 56k modem out the window and switched to broadband, or switched from standard-def TV to 1080p?
Apple has just announced a brand-new Retina 27-inch iMac. Apple is spreading Retina displays across the lineup, with the iMac leading that charge. This is the highest resolution screen in the world, according to Apple, with 14.7 million pixels. This is a 5K display — more than seven times the pixels of a HDTV. The screen builds on the technology Apple built on the iPhone and iPad, but to a whole new scale.


I learned quite a few things on our recent trek out to Arizona.
One, few things make me full of child-like giddiness like a fresh field of white snow.
Two, even with fingers swollen up like vienna sausages, I still can't resist packing a snowball.
Three, I look like an idiot while throwing said snowballs, but hey, I never claimed I was an athlete, just an enthusiast.
and Four, I have the devious smirk of an Elf on the Shelf.


A week ago the computer installed the Creators Update, and a couple of other things. The other day i installed the game Prey from steam, because i knew it could handle it on low easly. I launched the game and it was runing. I changed the graphics a tiny bit, and while the textures were reloading the computer froze 100%.... how do i know? Because the capslook light did not turn on when i clicked it and the same for the Num Lock... besides the fans got realy slow spining... I hard reboot it and on the boot rigth after the loading screen and before the Password screen the computer got stuck in a black screen completly frozen.... again the same with capslock and numlock.
After some trys to boot it normaly i got in in safe mode and unistalled driver with ddu and amd tool... after it boot it in normaly but after i was in the windows the windows update kicked in and started downloading the drivers and when it got to 40% it froze and crashed again... This happen 5 times... having to go in safe boot unistall the drivers again if i wanted to go in normaly... to the point i had to go in and disable windows updates in windows serviçes manager.
Please at least acknowledge this and possibly fix it in the most near future!
I'm sorry for not posting here for long time and not give an update. Someone asked me the verdict.
So, it is a dead graphics card.
And btw the only way to uninstall the drivers and controller for the graphics card and then block it from installing again alone is through safe mode if you can't turn it on normally in the first place.
I am working in a computer store/repair shop, that's how I known.
And I built a desktop now. No need for laptop anymore. I gave it to my mom cause she needs it more than me in the state it is.
I meanwhile am compiling code, render video, and game on the new one.
Not to brag... I known how hard it is... I've waited all my life for this... just for those curious - New setup: I5 7600k, Z270E Strix, 1060 6Gb Se, HX 16Gb fury 2400.
You need to take the necessary steps to prevent/delay Microsoft from automatically installing/changing graphics drivers > Windows 10 Forums and delete the contents of the C:/AMD folder.
The problem is that I can't use it because I don't "have" a working graphics card! Because every time I try to install drivers... It crashes the computer mid way through!
Same issue with P50. Love to cut that chip out of the PC. Fall window 10 updates fail about 20 times past month . Never happen 32% haulted.
Put in blank new drive and started with factory restart with usb windows 8. Failed at loading AMD.
This graphics chip never enable after first install of windows 10 (Always hung the computer ).
I agree probably AMD fried chip. Laptop becomes unusable. Nothing will load. ..
AMD should tell us how to cut it out. Nice to read your post.
Or was It a Toast.
I blocked amd drivers update's from windows update using windows show/hide tool for windows update. And installed all the latest windows updates.
2. Go to Intel support and run their driver tool, if it finds a graphics update, install it.
4. Remove the old drivers from the computer from the control panel/ uninstall a program. Choose AMD and express uninstall everything. Reboot in to Safe Mode and run DDU. Reboot.
5. Turn off any anti-virus/anti-malware/personal firewalls/etc. Open task manager to be sure no Part of them are running.
6. Install the AMD drivers. Reboot.
And what do you mean by this? " If i want the oc to turn on " ?
Are you using a app to overclock or anything?
I'm going to try that... Do you think bios is doing this?
You have switchable graphics..Intel/AMD ...must both be updated. Just follow the steps.
kingfish Are you from amd or are you just a very popular big helper in the forum's??
If you can "garantee" that this is an issue with the latest updates form windows i can in a big atempt... try to reinstall an older version of windows 10 and not update it... if it will work... cause i cant lose days becouse some stupid mistake/misscomunication from windows and amd... kingfish Do you know if this is a big issue with other graphics cards/people? Do you know if it's an issue with latest windows updates? Do you know anything about this issue?
Thank you so much for your help! I sent this issue to AMD now... i will wait for response... i will keep this thread posted maybe with a solution idk... do you think they will tell me anything or have a solution? Or maybe even just akwnolage this? Because this is getting ridiculous!
Having the same issue with the R9-M265x. Was playing WOW and suddenly my PC froze and no longer worked. Had to uninstall drivers with DDU and now I can no longer install them again. Tried a bunch of driver versions and all of them freeze during the installation.
Good luck with your problem... if i fix it i will post here... bacuase it might still be just software related idk...anyways, thank you very much for the help!
See ya a week, i going to try update it if i find a solution.
I have a Toshiba Satellite P75 A7200 / 17" 1080p / Intel I7 with no external graphics...just the HD4600 IPG on the processor. Great laptop but runs hot...real hot under heavy load. Add to that a external graphics card and I can see heat being a real issue. I keep the vents/fans clean and use a good laptop cooler pad.
In my opinion, if you are determined to use a laptop instead of a desktop computer to play games with...I would make sure that it had the correct/required interfaces for a portable external graphics card like the AMD XConnect > AMD launches XConnect, partners with Intel, Razer to drive desktop gaming on laptops - ExtremeTech .
This is likely to be hardware related problem caused by software. I tried booting my computer into Linux, and it also freezes as soon as X11 started utilizing graphics.
I have a Toshiba P50t-B 4K version with R9 M265x as well. This seems to be specific to Toshiba laptops. My BIOS version is 1.5 too. As soon as I enable my AMD GPU, the whole computer freezes. By attempting to disable the faulty device, my HDD also died for repeating force shutdowns.
I guess this could be bad power management in certain versions of the driver. While I don't remember which version the driver is, but it happened during the same timespan.
AMD / Toshiba must take responsibility for this.


text:
One Of Canada's Most Iconic WWI Images Was Staged For A British Propaganda Film
Scenes from The Battle of the Somme have become ubiquitous in Canadian remembrances of the war.
Article By Robert Hiltz
There's an enduring image from the First World War that you've probably seen.
The footage depicts the moment of highest drama we associate with the conflict that ended 100 years ago this fall, of a group of soldiers going over the top of a trench, and crossing the blasted wastes of no man's land. As they slowly pick their way across a landscape strewn with barbed wire, they disappear into the mist one by one, their fates unknown.
Most years in Canada, it will show up in one Remembrance Day video or another, like these recent spots from Veterans Affairs commemorating the Battles of the Somme and Passchendaele, respectively. It's an image so enduring that it's even in the Heritage Minute that illustrates the most mythical moment of the war for this country, the Battle of Vimy Ridge.
But there's a thing about this footage, though. It's not real.
It's from The Battle of the Somme, a silent film that was one of the first feature-length war movies ever made. Much of Somme consists of real footage, shot on the first days of the battle in July 1916. But it was also a propaganda film put together by the British government, in the hopes of boosting recruitment when it was released in August of that year.
And this one section of the film was staged for the final cut. According to Toby Haggith, a historian and curator at the Imperial War Museum (IWM) in London, there were a number of practical reasons for the need to fake the scene. At the time, film technology was quite limited. Shots at any distance were difficult to capture with any clarity. The camera was large and bulky and had to be set on a tripod and cranked by hand. It carried only a few minutes' worth of film before it had to be reloaded.
But most challenging of all, this was a battlefield.
"The most significant is the practical difficulties of filming such an action — [it's] too dangerous — balanced with the need to convey the key moment of the 'over-the-top' to civilian audiences," Haggith says.
And so, a few parts of the film had to be staged. "The most notorious is the 'over-the-top' scene," Haggith says, but at most about 90 seconds of the entire film were fake.
So, how did this image become so important in Canada, and how has the Somme film endured?
Part propaganda, part documentary, Somme used frontline footage from the start of one of the war's costliest battles. People at the time were accustomed to newsreels, short bursts of news before watching a movie. But this was something different, according to Joanne Stober, the Canadian War Museum's historian of war and visual culture.
"The difference with that, though, was that it was a…full feature film and it had a dramatic arc constructed. It was a five-part film. It was silent, but using 60-some intertitles, it really did draw the audiences through a very dramatic story," Stober says.
In many ways, images from Somme have become some of the standard ones we use when we want to illustrate the war. "A lot of them now are almost like stock shots," she says. "Those ones are just striking, they've got a space in our cultural memory. A lot of times, the same ones will pop up over and over again because people will see them and look for them year after year."
In the early parts of the film, the audience is shown the lead-up to the battle. Soldiers smile and wave at the camera as they march to the front. One of the men who filmed it, Geoffrey Malins, wrote in his memoir how he made a point of getting soldiers to look at the camera. This would be the first time their families would have seen their faces in many months. In many cases, it would be the last time they ever could.
It's the middle part, of the battle itself, from which many of the most reused images come. There are three scenes in particular that tend to recur: the explosion of the Hawthorn mine, the soldiers going "over the top" of the trench, and a wounded man being carried by one of his comrades, who looks directly into the camera. The latter is particularly striking because of how clear it is. It's made even more poignant by the fact that the man being carried would die soon after the moment was captured on film.
"The film — and especially the over-the-top scene — has been endlessly recycled by film and television makers whenever they wish to convey the nature of trench warfare, the First World War, and even warfare in general," Haggith says. "These scenes are deeply embedded within the collective psyche of British people and members of the Commonwealth."
A spokesperson for Veterans Affairs Canada, which produces many remembrance videos that include the over-the-top footage, says they work with historians to make their videos as accurate as possible, but there are certain limitations.
"Original imagery from the First World War is limited, however, there are historically accurate reproductions and staged shots. In the case of the Battle of the Somme Remembrance Moment, the image is a staged shot," Emily Gauthier says. "The script was developed and the imagery was selected to match [it]. The image is evocative, as it depicts the young men heading into battle, and the limited protection they had, to face the obstacles ahead of them."
On the first day of the battle, when much of Somme was filmed, the British suffered almost 60,000 casualties, of which nearly 20,000 were deaths. It remains the worst single day in the army's history. And the battle would drag on for another five months, ending in November 1916. Casualties on the Allied side would total more than 600,000, with almost 150,000 of those being men killed. The Germans would suffer in almost equal numbers.
So parts were filmed behind the lines at a training area where it was possible to give the audience a close-up sense of the climactic moment of attack, without the horrible carnage or danger to the filmmaker.
And this set the stage for the fourth part of the film, which showed the dead scattered throughout the battlefield.
"Audiences, probably the first time for many of them, were seeing bodies on the battlefield, dead bodies. Soldiers who had been smiling and waving at the camera 20 minutes earlier were slumped in the trenches," Stober says. "That part was very dramatic, and very different from what they were used to seeing."
But the purpose of the film was to try to increase enlistment and support for the war, so it ends on a happier note. In the fifth part of Somme, the soldiers are patched up, and ready to continue the fight.
For years, the film was seen entirely as propaganda, Stober says, and this limited its study as a pure piece of filmmaking. "I think its categorization as a propaganda film made it so that it wasn't necessarily the most inspiring film to draw from," she says.
But a century later, it is seeing something of a renaissance. Somme was restored in recent years by the IWM and they sell copies of it in their store. But the biggest impact of the re-release may have been the tour the film went on in 2016-17, with screenings accompanied by full orchestras.
"Now we see it differently. A hundred years later, it's getting some of the cinematic attention it deserves as a work of art," Stober says.
"To think about the people…that would have been in that theatre, who would have been watching that film, who were very much a part of that war effort, I think now we can look back and think of how they received some of those images."
It's allowed for a reevaluation of The Battle of the Somme. Removed from the politics of the war, audiences are able to see it as more than a propaganda film. It's a way for us to empathize with the people of the era, really seeing the true horror of the war for the first time.
@robert_hiltz
Top still from The Battle of the Somme via Imperial War Museums, © IWM (Q 70167).