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New York's abandoned island – BBC News
Subscribe to BBC News www.youtube.com/bbcnews
It's one of New York 's best kept secrets. Lying in plain sight of the city is an island which no one has inhabited for more than 50 years. Photographer Christopher Payne shares the secrets of North Brother Island.
Archival photographs and maps courtesy New York Correction History Society, New York City Correction Academy, New York Public Library, New York Municipal Archives, UCLA Department of Geography, Benjamin and Gladys Thomas Air Photo Archives, Fairchild Collection.
Published August 15, 2022 By BBC News
Categorized as Uncategorized Tagged abandoned, bbc, bbc news, brooklyn, Christopher Payne, island, Island (Geographical Feature Category), Manhattan (Administrative Division), Manhattan Bridge (Bridge), New York 's best kept secrets, New York City (City/Town/Village), new york secret, New York's abandoned island, news, news chicago, news new york, news san francisco, news today, North Brother Island East River (Island), secret new york, York39s
Another guilty plea on table in Chicago case connected to cartel kingpin 'El Chapo' | ABC7 Chicago
Canadian Film Crew Robbed at Gunpoint at San Francisco's Twin Peaks


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Track of the Vampire, Beatnik Artist Vampire Shreds Models
Straight out of the 1960s. We have beatnik artist types. More important, we have bikini clad babes, underwear clad babes, formal wear clad babes, and naked babes. Don't get attached to any of them, they'll all die horribly. Then we have a vampire...maybe. In what ends up as a brutal and shocking horror film with a lot of cheese and gore, we have a Roger Corman-like film in 1966's "Track of the Vampire" (aka "Blood Bath"), directed by Jack Hill and Stephanie Rothman...and with a cameo by Corman.
Antonio Sardi (William Campbell) is a highly sought after artist. Weird guy. His studio is in a bell tower of an old church and he paints beautiful women in the agony of death. His genre is labeled "Dead Red Nudes." Models flock to him. After a couple of babes have been murdered by a vampire in some erotic scenes, Daisy (Marissa Mathes) pleads with Antonio to paint her. She even sheds all her clothes before being asked to. Mistake. Antonio murders her and paints her. Two other babes of note, sultry ballet dancer Dorean (Lori Saunders) and Donna (Sandra Knight). Dorean is a babe who prances around in a bikini the whole film and is really loved by Antonio. Donna is Daisy's sister who investigates her disappearance and now follows Antonio.
The vampire hangs out at the beach and pool parties. He finds babes, drags them in the water, undresses them, and bites their necks. Is this vampire Antonio? Maybe. Antonio's ancestors were burned at the stake for similar anti-social behavior. There also appears to be a vixen from centuries ago that he is trying to resurrect. Strippers, models, and bikini babes will all fall in gruesome fashion as Antonio keeps putting out his Dead Red Nudes. Now Antonio is really falling in love with Dorean, who fills out a bikini like no other woman. Uh oh for Antonio...Donna is smart and suspects him of her sister's disappearance.
Is Antonio the vampire? Why is Antonio murdering these babes? Is this film a metaphor for the ultimate track of the hippie/beatnik existence, which is death? The cheese factor in this film is superb. Sadly, the babes will all die horribly. For a neat 1960s horror flick incorporating the beatnik scene, see "Track of the Vampire."
Christopher Zisi at 5:07 AM
Hay, having a babe walking around in a bikini around your house, has to be a winner, cheese and fumunda cheese... yeah

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Applicant must be a senior graduating from a Fort Bend County public or private high school.
Applicant must submit an essay.
Applicant must have completed at least 100 hours of service to the community or volunteer service performed through school activities, excluding any service performed as a requirement for school or church.
Applicant must submit a Supervisor Recommendation Form.
Applicant must submit a copy of a high school transcript.


photographs and detailed step-by-step instructions.
You Can Make Glass Beads!
describe their method of producing their artwork.
Revised and expanded to reflect the field's growth.
gallery selection includes almost 100 artists.
creating highly finished art beads!
Flameworking demonstration with artist Timothy L.
constructing a borosilicate "Phantom Flower"
air traps. Approximate running time: 35 minutes.


text:
Transmission tower
Structure used to support an overhead power line
A transmission tower
Structure, lattice tower and overhead power line
First production
A transmission tower, also known as an electricity pylon or simply a pylon in British English and as a hydro tower in Canadian English, is a tall structure, usually a steel lattice tower, used to support an overhead power line.
In electrical grids, they are generally used to carry high-voltage transmission lines that transport bulk electric power from generating stations to electrical substations; utility poles are used to support lower-voltage subtransmission and distribution lines that transport power from substations to electric customers. They come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Typical height ranges from 15 to 55 m (49 to 180 ft),[1] though the tallest are the 380 m (1,247 ft) towers of a 2,656 m (8,714 ft) span between the islands Jintang and Cezi in China's Zhejiang province. The longest span of any hydroelectric crossing ever built belongs to the powerline crossing of Ameralik fjord with a length of 5,376 m (17,638 ft). In addition to steel, other materials may be used, including concrete and wood.
There are four major categories of transmission towers: suspension, terminal, tension, and transposition.[1] Some transmission towers combine these basic functions. Transmission towers and their overhead power lines are often considered to be a form of visual pollution. Methods to reduce the visual effect include undergrounding.
1 Terminology
2 High voltage AC transmission towers
3 High voltage DC transmission towers
4 Railway traction line towers
5 Towers for different types of currents
6 Tower designs
6.1 Shape
6.1.1 One circuit
6.1.2 Two circuits
6.1.3 Four circuits
6.2 Support structures
6.3 Materials
6.3.1 Tubular steel
6.3.2 Lattice
6.3.3 Wood
6.3.4 Concrete
6.4 Special designs
7 Assembly
8 Markers
9 Tower functions
9.1 Cross arms and conductor arrangement
10 Other features
10.1 Insulators
10.2 Stockbridge dampers
10.3 Arcing horns
10.4 Physical security
11 Notable electricity transmission towers
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
Transmission tower is the name for the structure used in the industry in the United States and some other English-speaking countries.[2] The term electricity pylon or simply pylon comes from the basic shape of the structure, an obelisk-like structure which tapers toward the top, and the name is mostly used in the United Kingdom and parts of Europe in everyday colloquial speech.[3] This term is used infrequently in most regions of the United States as pylon commonly refers to other things, primarily traffic cones. In the United States, the use of the term pylon is more common in the Midwest, including areas such as Cincinnati and Chicago. In Canada, the term hydro tower is commonly used as hydroelectricity constitutes a majority of the country's energy production.[4][5]
High voltage AC transmission towers
Transmission tower in Toronto, ON
Single-circuit three-phase transmission line
Three-phase electric power systems are used for high voltage (66- or 69-kV and above) and extra-high voltage (110- or 115-kV and above; most often 138- or 230-kV and above in contemporary systems) AC transmission lines. In some European countries, e.g. Germany, Spain or Czech Republic, smaller lattice towers are used for medium voltage (above 10 kV) transmission lines too. The towers must be designed to carry three (or multiples of three) conductors. The towers are usually steel lattices or trusses (wooden structures are used in Australia, Canada, Germany, and Scandinavia in some cases) and the insulators are either glass or porcelain discs or composite insulators using silicone rubber or EPDM rubber material assembled in strings or long rods whose lengths are dependent on the line voltage and environmental conditions.
Typically, one or two ground wires, also called "guard" wires, are placed on top to intercept lightning and harmlessly divert it to ground.
Towers for high- and extra-high voltage are usually designed to carry two or more electric circuits (with very rare exceptions, only one circuit for 500-kV and higher).[citation needed] If a line is constructed using towers designed to carry several circuits, it is not necessary to install all the circuits at the time of construction. Indeed, for economic reasons, some transmission lines are designed for three (or four) circuits, but only two (or three) circuits are initially installed.
Some high voltage circuits are often erected on the same tower as 110 kV lines. Paralleling circuits of 380 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV-lines on the same towers is common. Sometimes, especially with 110 kV circuits, a parallel circuit carries traction lines for railway electrification.
High voltage DC transmission towers
HVDC distance tower near the Nelson River Bipole
High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines are either monopolar or bipolar systems. With bipolar systems, a conductor arrangement with one conductor on each side of the tower is used. On some schemes, the ground conductor is used as electrode line or ground return. In this case, it had to be installed with insulators equipped with surge arrestors on the pylons in order to prevent electrochemical corrosion of the pylons. For single-pole HVDC transmission with ground return, towers with only one conductor can be used. In many cases, however, the towers are designed for later conversion to a two-pole system. In these cases, often conductors on both sides of the tower are installed for mechanical reasons. Until the second pole is needed, it is either used as electrode line or joined in parallel with the pole in use. In the latter case, the line from the converter station to the earthing (grounding) electrode is built as underground cable, as overhead line on a separate right of way or by using the ground conductors.
Electrode line towers are used in some HVDC schemes to carry the power line from the converter station to the grounding electrode. They are similar to structures used for lines with voltages of 10–30 kV, but normally carry only one or two conductors.
AC transmission towers may be converted to full or mixed HVDC use, to increase power transmission levels at a lower cost than building a new transmission line.[6][7]
Railway traction line towers
Towers used for single-phase AC railway traction lines are similar in construction to those towers used for 110 kV three-phase lines. Steel tube or concrete poles are also often used for these lines. However, railway traction current systems are two-pole AC systems, so traction lines are designed for two conductors (or multiples of two, usually four, eight, or twelve). These are usually arranged on one level, whereby each circuit occupies one half of the cross arm. For four traction circuits, the arrangement of the conductors is in two levels and for six electric circuits, the arrangement of the conductors is in three levels.
Towers for different types of currents
Pylon in Sweden about 1918.
AC circuits of different frequency and phase-count, or AC and DC circuits, may be installed on the same tower. Usually all circuits of such lines have voltages of 50 kV and more. However, there are some lines of this type for lower voltages. For example, towers used by both railway traction power circuits and the general three-phase AC grid.
Two very short sections of line carry both AC and DC power circuits. One set of such towers is near the terminal of HVDC Volgograd-Donbass on Volga Hydroelectric Power Station. The other are two towers south of Stenkullen, which carry one circuit of HVDC Konti-Skan and one circuit of the three-phase AC line Stenkullen-Holmbakullen.
Towers carrying AC circuits and DC electrode lines exist in a section of the powerline between Adalph Static Inverter Plant and Brookston the pylons carry the electrode line of HVDC Square Butte.
The electrode line of HVDC CU at the converter station at Coal Creek Station uses on a short section the towers of two AC lines as support.
The overhead section of the electrode line of Pacific DC Intertie from Sylmar Converter Station to the grounding electrode in the Pacific Ocean near Will Rogers State Beach is also installed on AC pylons. It runs from Sylmar East Converter Station to Southern California Edison Malibu Substation, where the overhead line section ends.
In Germany, Austria and Switzerland some transmission towers carry both public AC grid circuits and railway traction power in order to better use rights of way.
Tower designs
A close up of the wires attached to the pylon, showing the various parts annotated.
Typical T-shaped 110 kV tower from the former GDR.
Different shapes of transmission towers are typical for different countries. The shape also depends on voltage and number of circuits.
One circuit
Guyed "Delta" transmission tower (a combination of guyed "V" and "Y") in Nevada.
Delta pylons are the most common design for single circuit lines, because of their stability. They have a V-shaped body with a horizontal arm on the top, which forms an inverted delta. Larger Delta towers usually use two guard cables.
Portal pylons are widely used in Ireland, Scandinavia and Canada. They stand on two legs with one cross arm, which gives them a H-shape. Up to 110 kV they often were made from wood, but higher voltage lines use steel pylons.
Smaller single circuit pylons may have two small cross arms on one side and one on the other.
Two circuits
One level pylons only have one cross arm carrying 3 cables on each side. Sometimes they have an additional cross arm for the protection cables. They are frequently used close to airports due to their reduced height.
Danube pylons or Donaumasten got their name from a line built in 1927 next to the Danube river. They are the most common design in central European countries like Germany or Poland. They have two cross arms, the upper arm carries one and the lower arm carries two cables on each side. Sometimes they have an additional cross arm for the protection cables.
Ton shaped towers are the most common design, they have 3 horizontal levels with one cable very close to the pylon on each side. In the United Kingdom the second level is often (but not always) wider than the other ones while in the United States all cross arms have the same width.
Four circuits
Christmas-tree-shaped towers for 4 or even 6 circuits are common in Germany and have 3 cross arms where the highest arm has each one cable, the second has two cables and the third has three cables on each side. The cables on the third arm usually carry circuits for lower high voltage.
Towers may be self-supporting and capable of resisting all forces due to conductor loads, unbalanced conductors, wind and ice in any direction. Such towers often have approximately square bases and usually four points of contact with the ground.
A semi-flexible tower is designed so that it can use overhead grounding wires to transfer mechanical load to adjacent structures, if a phase conductor breaks and the structure is subject to unbalanced loads. This type is useful at extra-high voltages, where phase conductors are bundled (two or more wires per phase). It is unlikely for all of them to break at once, barring a catastrophic crash or storm.
A guyed mast has a very small footprint and relies on guy wires in tension to support the structure and any unbalanced tension load from the conductors. A guyed tower can be made in a V shape, which saves weight and cost.[8]
Steel tube tower next to older lattice tower near Wagga Wagga, Australia
Tubular steel
Poles made of tubular steel generally are assembled at the factory and placed on the right-of-way afterward. Because of its durability and ease of manufacturing and installation, many utilities in recent years prefer the use of monopolar steel or concrete towers over lattice steel for new power lines and tower replacements.[citation needed]
In Germany steel tube pylons are also established predominantly for medium voltage lines, in addition, for high voltage transmission lines or two electric circuits for operating voltages by up to 110 kV. Steel tube pylons are also frequently used for 380 kV lines in France, and for 500 kV lines in the United States. In 2021 the first T-pylon, a new tubular design, was installed in United Kingdom for a new power line to Hinkley Point C nuclear power station.[9]
See also: Lattice tower
A lattice tower is a framework construction made of steel or aluminium sections. Lattice towers are used for power lines of all voltages, and are the most common type for high-voltage transmission lines. Lattice towers are usually made of galvanized steel. Aluminium is used for reduced weight, such as in mountainous areas where structures are placed by helicopter. Aluminium is also used in environments that would be corrosive to steel. The extra material cost of aluminium towers will be offset by lower installation cost. Design of aluminium lattice towers is similar to that for steel, but must take into account aluminium's lower Young's modulus.
A lattice tower is usually assembled at the location where it is to be erected. This makes very tall towers possible, up to 100 m (328 ft) (and in special cases even higher, as in the Elbe crossing 1 and Elbe crossing 2). Assembly of lattice steel towers can be done using a crane. Lattice steel towers are generally made of angle-profiled steel beams (L- or T-beams). For very tall towers, trusses are often used.
A 345 kV K-frame structure
Double K-frames are often used on 345 kV transmission lines that use 345 kV K-frame structures and is distinguishable as it has a second K on its crossarm.
A K-frame supporting a 345 kV transmission line south of Nephi, Utah
Wooden lattice transmission tower in inle Lake (Myanmar).
Wood and metal crossbar
Wood is a material which is limited in use in high-voltage transmission. Because of the limited height of available trees, the maximum height of wooden pylons is limited to approximately 30 m (98 ft). Wood is rarely used for lattice framework. Instead, they are used to build multi-pole structures, such as H-frame and K-frame structures. The voltages they carry are also limited, such as in other regions, where wood structures only carry voltages up to approximately 30 kV.
In countries such as Canada or the United States, wooden towers carry voltages up to 345 kV; these can be less costly than steel structures and take advantage of the surge voltage insulating properties of wood.[8] As of 2012[update], 345 kV lines on wood towers are still in use in the US and some are still being constructed on this technology.[10][11] Wood can also be used for temporary structures while constructing a permanent replacement.
A reinforced concrete pole in Germany
Concrete pylons are used in Germany normally only for lines with operating voltages below 30 kV. In exceptional cases, concrete pylons are used also for 110 kV lines, as well as for the public grid or for the railway traction current grid. In Switzerland, concrete pylons with heights of up to 59.5 metres (world's tallest pylon of prefabricated concrete at Littau) are used for 380 kV overhead lines. Concrete poles are also used in Canada and the United States.
Concrete pylons, which are not prefabricated, are also used for constructions taller than 60 metres. One example is a 66 m (217 ft) tall pylon of a 380 kV powerline near Reuter West Power Plant in Berlin. Such pylons look like industrial chimneys.[citation needed] In China some pylons for lines crossing rivers were built of concrete. The tallest of these pylons belong to the Yangtze Powerline crossing at Nanjing with a height of 257 m (843 ft).
Sometimes (in particular on steel lattice towers for the highest voltage levels) transmitting plants are installed, and antennas mounted on the top above or below the overhead ground wire. Usually these installations are for mobile phone services or the operating radio of the power supply firm, but occasionally also for other radio services, like directional radio. Thus transmitting antennas for low-power FM radio and television transmitters were already installed on pylons. On the Elbe Crossing 1 tower, there is a radar facility belonging to the Hamburg water and navigation office.
For crossing broad valleys, a large distance between the conductors must be maintained to avoid short-circuits caused by conductor cables colliding during storms. To achieve this, sometimes a separate mast or tower is used for each conductor. For crossing wide rivers and straits with flat coastlines, very tall towers must be built due to the necessity of a large height clearance for navigation. Such towers and the conductors they carry must be equipped with flight safety lamps and reflectors.
Two well-known wide river crossings are the Elbe Crossing 1 and Elbe Crossing 2. The latter has the tallest overhead line masts in Europe, at 227 m (745 ft) tall. In Spain, the overhead line crossing pylons in the Spanish bay of Cádiz have a particularly interesting construction. The main crossing towers are 158 m (518 ft) tall with one crossarm atop a frustum framework construction. The longest overhead line spans are the crossing of the Norwegian Sognefjord Span (4,597 m (15,082 ft) between two masts) and the Ameralik Span in Greenland (5,376 m (17,638 ft)). In Germany, the overhead line of the EnBW AG crossing of the Eyachtal has the longest span in the country at 1,444 m (4,738 ft).
In order to drop overhead lines into steep, deep valleys, inclined towers are occasionally used. These are utilized at the Hoover Dam, located in the United States, to descend the cliff walls of the Black Canyon of the Colorado. In Switzerland, a pylon inclined around 20 degrees to the vertical is located near Sargans, St. Gallens. Highly sloping masts are used on two 380 kV pylons in Switzerland, the top 32 meters of one of them being bent by 18 degrees to the vertical.
Power station chimneys are sometimes equipped with crossbars for fixing conductors of the outgoing lines. Because of possible problems with corrosion by flue gases, such constructions are very rare.
A new type of pylon, called Wintrack pylons, will be used in the Netherlands starting in 2010. The pylons were designed as a minimalist structure by Dutch architects Zwarts and Jansma. The use of physical laws for the design made a reduction of the magnetic field possible. Also, the visual impact on the surrounding landscape is reduced.[12]
Two clown-shaped pylons appear in Hungary, on both sides of the M5 motorway, near Újhartyán.[13]
The Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio, U.S., and American Electric Power paired to conceive, design, and install goal post-shaped towers located on both sides of Interstate 77 near the hall as part of a power infrastructure upgrade.[14]
The Mickey Pylon is a Mickey Mouse shaped transmission tower on the side of Interstate 4, near Walt Disney World in Orlando, FL.
128 meter high Hyperboloid pylon in Russia
River Elbe Crossing 2 in Germany
Colorful "designer" tower titled Steps of Antti in Finland
Wintrack pylons in the Netherlands
The Mickey Pylon in Florida, U.S.
A line worker on a tower
Cable riggers atop a pylon adding a fiber optic data cable wound around the top tower stay cable. The cable (SkyWrap) is wound on by a traveling machine, which rotates a cable drum around the support cable as it goes. This travels under its own power from tower to tower, where it is dismantled and hoisted across to the opposite side. In the picture, the motor unit has been moved across but the cable drum is still on the arrival side.
Before transmission towers are even erected, prototype towers are tested at tower testing stations. There are a variety of ways they can then be assembled and erected:
Temporary guyed pylon next to a commenced new tower
They can be assembled horizontally on the ground and erected by push-pull cable. This method is rarely used because of the large assembly area needed.
They can be assembled vertically (in their final upright position). Very tall towers, such as the Yangtze River Crossing, were assembled in this way.
A jin-pole crane can be used to assemble lattice towers.[15] This is also used for utility poles.
Helicopters can serve as aerial cranes for their assembly in areas with limited accessibility. Towers can also be assembled elsewhere and flown to their place on the transmission right-of-way.[16] Helicopters may also be used for transporting disassembled towers for scrapping.[17]
The International Civil Aviation Organization issues recommendations on markers for towers and the conductors suspended between them. Certain jurisdictions will make these recommendations mandatory, for example that certain power lines must have overhead wire markers placed at intervals, and that warning lights be placed on any sufficiently high towers,[18] this is particularly true of transmission towers which are in close vicinity to airports.
Electricity pylons often have an identification tag marked with the name of the line (either the terminal points of the line or the internal designation of the power company) and the tower number. This makes identifying the location of a fault to the power company that owns the tower easier.
Transmission towers, much like other steel lattice towers including broadcasting or cellphone towers, are marked with signs which discourage public access due to the danger of the high voltage. Often this is accomplished with a sign warning of the high voltage. At other times, the entire access point to the transmission corridor is marked with a sign.
Tower functions
A typical tower identification tag
Three-phase alternating current transmission towers over water, near Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
Tower structures can be classified by the way in which they support the line conductors.[19] Suspension structures support the conductor vertically using suspension insulators. Strain structures resist net tension in the conductors and the conductors attach to the structure through strain insulators. Dead-end structures support the full weight of the conductor and also all the tension in it, and also use strain insulators.
Structures are classified as tangent suspension, angle suspension, tangent strain, angle strain, tangent dead-end and angle dead-end.[8] Where the conductors are in a straight line, a tangent tower is used. Angle towers are used where a line must change direction.
Cross arms and conductor arrangement
Generally three conductors are required per AC 3-phase circuit, although single-phase and DC circuits are also carried on towers. Conductors may be arranged in one plane, or by use of several cross-arms may be arranged in a roughly symmetrical, triangulated pattern to balance the impedances of all three phases. If more than one circuit is required to be carried and the width of the line right-of-way does not permit multiple towers to be used, two or three circuits can be carried on the same tower using several levels of cross-arms. Often multiple circuits are the same voltage, but mixed voltages can be found on some structures.
A high voltage insulator in the UK. Arcing horns are also in place.
Insulators electrically isolate the live side of the transmission cables from the tower structure and earth. They are either glass or porcelain discs or composite insulators using silicone rubber or EPDM rubber material. They are assembled in strings or long rods whose lengths are dependent on the line voltage and environmental conditions. By using disks the shortest surface electrical path between the ends is maximised which reduces the chance of a leakage in moist conditions.
Stockbridge dampers
Stockbridge damper bolted to line close to the point of attachment to the tower. It prevents mechanical vibration building up in the line.
Stockbridge dampers are added to the transmission lines a meter or two from the tower. They consist of a short length of cable clamped in place parallel to the line itself and weighted at each end. The size and dimensions are carefully designed to damp any buildup of mechanical oscillation of the lines that could be induced by mechanical vibration most likely that caused by wind. Without them its possible for a standing wave to become established that grows in magnitude and destroys the line or the tower.
Arcing horns
Arcing horns. Designs may vary.
Arcing horns are sometimes added to the ends of the insulators in areas where voltage surges may occur. These may be caused by either lightning strikes or in switching operations. They protect power line insulators from damage due to arcing. They can be seen as rounded metal pipework at either end of the insulator and provide a path to earth in extreme circumstances without damaging the insulator.
Towers will have a level of physical security to prevent members of the public or climbing animals from ascending them. This may take the form of a security fence or climbing baffles added to the supporting legs. Some countries require that lattice steel towers be equipped with a barbed wire barrier approximately 3 m (9.8 ft) above ground in order to deter unauthorized climbing. Such barriers can often be found on towers close to roads or other areas with easy public access, even where there is not a legal requirement. In the United Kingdom, all such towers are fitted with barbed wire.
Notable electricity transmission towers
The following electricity transmission towers are notable due to their enormous height, unusual design, unusual construction site or their use in artworks.
Jintang-Cezi Overhead Powerline Link 2018-2019 China Jintang Island 380 m 2656 metres long span between Jintang and Cezi island
Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie 2009–2010 China Damao Island 370 m World's highest power pylons[20] built by State Grid[21]
Jiangyin Yangtze River Crossing 2003 China Jiangyin 346.5 m
Amazonas Crossing of Tucuruí transmission line 2013 Brazil near Almeirim 295 m[22] Tallest electricity pylons in South America
Yangtze River power line crossing of Shanghai-Huainan Powerline 2013 China Gaogouzhen 269.75 m
Nanjing Yangtze River Crossing 1992 China Nanjing 257 m Tallest reinforced concrete pylons in the world
Pylons of Pearl River Crossing 1987 China Pearl River 253 m + 240 m
Orinoco River Crossing 1990 Venezuela Caroní 240 m
Hooghly River Crossing India Diamond Harbour 236 m [1]
Pylons of Messina 1957 Italy Messina 232 m (224 m without basement) Not used as pylons any more
HVDC Yangtze River Crossing Wuhu 2003 China Wuhu 229 m Tallest electricity pylons used for HVDC
Elbe Crossing 2 1976–1978 Germany Stade 227 m Tallest electricity pylons still in use in Europe
Chushi Powerline Crossing 1962 Japan Takehara 226 m Tallest electricity pylons in Japan
Daqi-Channel-Crossing 1997 Japan Takehara 223 m
Overhead line crossing Suez Canal 1998 Egypt 221 m
Huainan Luohe Powerline Crossing 1989 China Huainan 202.5 m Pylons of reinforced concrete
Yangzi River Crossing of HVDC Xianjiaba – Shanghai 2009 China ??? 202 m[23]
Balakovo 500 kV Wolga Crossing, Tower East 1983–1984 Russia Balakovo 197 m Tallest electricity pylon in Russia and ex-USSR
LingBei-Channel-Crossing 1993 Japan Reihoku 195 m
Doel Schelde Powerline Crossing 2 2019 Belgium Antwerp 192 m Second crossing of Schelde River
400 kV Thames Crossing 1965 UK West Thurrock 190 m
Elbe Crossing 1 1958–1962 Germany Stade 189 m
Antwerp Deurganck dok crossing 2000 Belgium Antwerp 178 m Crossing for a container quay
Línea de Transmisión Carapongo – Carabayllo 2015 Perú Lima 176 m Crossing of Rimac River
Tracy Saint Lawrence River Powerline Crossing ? Canada Tracy 176 m Tallest electricity pylon in Canada
Doel Schelde Powerline Crossing 1[24] 1974 Belgium Antwerp 170 m Group of 2 towers with 1 pylon situated in the middle of Schelde River
Sunshine Mississippi Powerline Crossing 1967 United States St. Gabriel, Louisiana 164.6 m Tallest electricity pylons in the United States [2], [3]
Lekkerkerk Crossing 1 1970 Netherlands Lekkerkerk 163 m Tallest crossing in the Netherlands
Bosporus overhead line crossing III 1999 Turkey Istanbul 160 m
Balakovo 500 kV Wolga Crossing, Tower West 1983–1984 Russia Balakovo 159 m
Pylons of Cadiz 1957–1960 Spain Cadiz 158 m
Maracaibo Bay Powerline Crossing ? Venezuela Maracaibo 150 m Towers on caissons
Meredosia-Ipava Illinois River Crossing 2017 United States Beardstown 149.35 m
Aust Severn Powerline Crossing 1959 UK Aust 148.75 m
132 kV Thames Crossing 1932 UK West Thurrock 148.4 m Demolished in 1987
Karmsundet Powerline Crossing ? Norway Karmsundet 143.5 m
Limfjorden Overhead powerline crossing 2 ? Denmark Raerup 141.7 m
Saint Lawrence River HVDC Quebec-New England Overhead Powerline Crossing 1989 Canada Deschambault-Grondines 140 m Dismantled in 1992
Pylons of Voerde 1926 Germany Voerde 138 m
Köhlbrand Powerline Crossing ? Germany Hamburg 138 m
Bremen-Farge Weser Powerline Crossing ? Germany Bremen 135 m
Pylons of Ghesm Crossing 1984 Iran Strait of Ghesm 130 m One pylon standing on a caisson in the sea
Shukhov tower on the Oka River 1929 Russia Dzerzhinsk 128 m Hyperboloid structure, 2 towers, one of them demolished
Tarchomin pylon of Tarchomin-Łomianki Vistula Powerline Crossing ? Poland Tarchomin 127 m
Skolwin pylon of Skolwin-Inoujscie Odra Powerline Crossing ? Poland Skolwin 126 m
Enerhodar Dnipro Powerline Crossing 2 1977 Ukraine Enerhodar 126 m
Inoujscie pylon of Skolwin-Inoujscie Odra Powerline Crossing ? Poland Inoujscie 125 m
Bosporus overhead line crossing II 1983 Turkey Istanbul 124 m
Tista River Crossing 1985 India Jalpaiguri 120 m Pile Foundation
Duisburg-Wanheim Powerline Rhine Crossing ? Germany Duisburg 122 m
Łomianki pylon of Tarchomin-Łomianki Vistula Powerline Crossing ? Poland Łomianki 121 m
Little Belt Overhead powerline crossing 2 ? Denmark Middelfart 125.3 m / 119.2 m
Pylons of Duisburg-Rheinhausen 1926 Germany Duisburg-Rheinhausen 118.8 m
Bullenhausen Elbe Powerline Crossing ? Germany Bullenhausen 117 m
Lubaniew-Bobrowniki Vistula Powerline Crossing ? Poland Lubaniew/Bobrowniki 117 m
Świerże Górne-Rybaków Vistula Powerline Crossing ? Poland Świerże Górne/Rybaków 116 m
Ostrówek-Tursko Vistula Powerline Crossing ? Poland Ostrówek/Tursko 115 m
Bosporus overhead line crossing I 1957 Turkey Istanbul 113 m
Riga Hydroelectric Power Plant Crossing Pylon 1974 Latvia Salaspils 112 m
Bremen-Industriehafen Weser Powerline Crossing ? Germany Bremen 111 m Two parallel running powerlines, one used for a single phase AC powerline of Deutsche Bahn AG
Probostwo Dolne pylon of Nowy Bógpomóz-Probostwo Dolne Vistula Powerline Crossing ? Poland Nowy Bógpomóz/Probostwo Dolne 111 m
Daugava Powerline Crossing 1975 Latvia Riga 110 m
Nowy Bógpomóz pylon of Nowy Bógpomóz-Probostwo Dolne Vistula Powerline Crossing ? Poland Nowy Bógpomóz 109 m
Regów Golab Vistula Powerline Crossing ? Poland Regów/Golab 108 m
Ameren UE Tower ? United States St. Louis, Missouri 106 m Radio tower with crossbars for powerline conductors [4]
Orsoy Rhine Crossing ? Germany Orsoy 105 m
Kerinchi Pylon 1999 Malaysia Kerinchi 103 m Tallest strainer pylon in the world, not part of a powerline crossing of a waterway
Enerhodar Dnipro Powerline Crossing 2 1977 Ukraine Enerhodar 100 m Pylons standing on caissons
Reisholz Rhine Powerline Crossing 1917 Germany Düsseldorf ? Under the legs of the pylon on the east shore of Rhine there runs the rail to nearby Holthausen substation
Sone River Crossing 1983 India Sone Bhadra (Uttar Pradesh) 96 m Pylons standing on Well Foundation
Ghazi pond crossing Tarbela Dam 2017 Pakistan Tarbela Dam 89.5m SPT type tower. First of its type in Pakistan and tallest tower in Pakistan
Al Batinah expressway Road & Rail crossing at Sohar 220 kV Double circuit OETC line 2018 Oman Sohar 89 m Tallest Transmission line tower in Sultanate of Oman
Strelasund Powerline Crossing ? Germany Sundhagen 85 m Pylons standing on caissons
380 kV Ems Overhead Powerline Crossing ? Germany Mark (south of Weener) 84 m
Pylon in the artificial lake of Santa Maria 1959 Switzerland Lake of Santa Maria 75 m Pylon in an artificial lake
Facility 4101, Tower 93 1975 Germany Hürth 74.84 m carried until 2010 an observation deck
Zaporizhzhia Pylon Triple ? Ukraine Zaporizhzhia 74.5 m Two triple pylons used for a powerline crossing from Khortytsia Island to the east shore of Dneipr
Aggersund Crossing of Cross-Skagerrak 1977 Denmark Aggersund 70 m Tallest pylons used for HVDC-transmission in Europe
Eyachtal Span 1992 Germany Höfen 70 m Longest span of Germany (1444 metres)
Leaning pylon of Mingjian ? Taiwan Mingjian ? Earthquake memorial
Carquinez Strait Powerline Crossing 1901 United States Benicia 68 m + 20 m World's first powerline crossing of a larger waterway
Pylon 310 of powerline Innertkirchen-Littau-Mettlen 1990 Switzerland Littau 59,5 m Tallest pylon of prefabricated concrete
Anlage 2610, Mast 69 ? Germany Bochum 47 m Pylon of 220 kV powerline decorated with balls in Ruhr-Park mall.
Colossus of Eislingen 1980 Germany Eislingen/Fils 47 m Pylon standing over a small river
Pylon 24 of powerline Watari-Kashiwabara ? Japan Uchihara, Ibaraki 45 m Pylon standing over a public road with two lanes
Designer high-voltage pylon Bog Fox 2020 Estonia Risti, Lääne County, 45 m The first high-voltage designer pylon in Estonia
Mickey Pylon 1996 USA Celebration, Florida 32 m Mickey mouse shaped pylon
Source[25] 2004 France Amnéville les Thermes 34 m / 28 m 4 pylons forming an artwork
Huddersfield Narrow Canal Pylon 1967 UK Stalybridge, Greater Manchester ? Pylon standing over a waterway shipable by small boats
Architectural engineering
List of high voltage underground and submarine cables
List of spans
Utility pole
Stobie pole
Live-line working
^ a b "Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution" (PDF). International Finance Corporation. 2007-04-30. p. 21. Retrieved 2013-09-15.
^ "Building a Better Transmission Tower". Department of Energy. Retrieved 2021-07-13.
^ "Everything you ever wanted to know about electricity pylons | National Grid Group". www.nationalgrid.com. Retrieved 2021-07-13.
^ Barber, Katherine, ed. (1998). The Canadian Oxford dictionary. Toronto; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 695. ISBN 0-19-541120-X.
^ Canada, Natural Resources (2017-10-06). "electricity-facts". www.nrcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2021-07-13.
^ "Convert from AC to HVDC for higher power transmission". ABB Review: 64–69. 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
^ Liza Reed; Granger Morgan; Parth Vaishnav; Daniel Erian Armanios (9 July 2019). "Converting existing transmission corridors to HVDC is an overlooked option for increasing transmission capacity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (28): 13879–13884. doi:10.1073/pnas.1905656116. PMC 6628792. PMID 31221754.
^ a b c Donald Fink and Wayne Beaty (ed.) Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers 11th Ed., Mc Graw Hill, 1978, ISBN 0-07-020974-X, pp. 14-102 and 14-103
^ "World's first T-pylon is installed in UK". Nuclear Engineering International. 26 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
^ http://www.spta.org/pdf/Reisdorff%20Lam%20%209-11.pdf
^ Olive Development. "Winterport, Maine".
^ "New High Voltage Pylons for the Netherlands". 2009. Retrieved 2010-04-24.
^ "Clown-shaped High Voltage Pylons in Hungary". 47°14′09″N 19°23′27″E / 47.2358442°N 19.3907302°E / 47.2358442; 19.3907302 (Clown-shaped pylon)
^ Rudell, Tim (2016-06-28). "Drive Through Goal Posts at the Pro Football Hall of Fame". WKSU. Retrieved 2019-07-14. 40°49′03″N 81°23′48″W / 40.8174274°N 81.3966678°W / 40.8174274; -81.3966678 (Goal post pylons)
^ Broadcast Tower Technologies. "Gin Pole Services". Retrieved 2009-10-24.
^ "Powering Up – Vertical Magazine". verticalmag.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
^ "Helicopter Transport of Transmission Towers". Transmission & Distribution World. 21 May 2018.
^ "Chapter 6. Visual aids for denoting obstacles" (PDF). Annex 14 Volume I Aerodrome design and operations. International Civil Aviation Organization. 2004-11-25. pp. 6–3, 6–4, 6–5. Retrieved 1 June 2011. 6.2.8 ... spherical ... diameter of not less than 60 cm. ... 6.2.10 ... should be of one colour. ... Figure 6-2 ... 6.3.13
^ American Society of Civil Engineers Design of latticed steel transmission structures ASCE Standard 10-97, 2000, ISBN 0-7844-0324-4, section C2.3
^ "World's 2nd tallest power transmission towers in West Bengal". The Economic Times. Nov 26, 2014.
^ "Zhoushan 500kV network power transmission and transformation project put into operation". Xinhuanet.com. 2019-10-15.
^ "Concluída primeira torre da linha entre Manaus e Macapá". Archived from the original on 2015-06-12.
^ CS Tower. "Projects – CS Tower – A leading Steel Tower Manufacturer in the World".
^ "River Tower of Doel Schelde Powerline Crossing, Antwerp | 1227186 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01.
^ "Electric Art::High-tension towers into artworks".
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electricity pylons.
Electricity pylons in Hungary
Pylon Appreciation Society
Flash Bristow's pylon photo gallery and pylon FAQ
Magnificent Views: Pictures of High Voltage Towers (also offers technical information)
Structurae database of select notable transmission towers
Pylons in Russia and other areas of former Soviet Union
Collection of some electricity pylons on Skyscraperpage.com
Meet the 'pylon spotters' – BBC News
Electricity delivery
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Backfeeding
Base load
Demand factor
Droop speed control
Economic dispatch
Electric power
Demand management
Energy return on investment
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and policies
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Statistics and
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Renewable energy
This page was last edited on 16 January 2022, at 01:51


text:
Home/Cryptocurrency/Fox News host credits Bitcoin pump to ransomware hackers
Fox News host credits Bitcoin pump to ransomware hackers
fox news host Tucker Carlson We theorized that the recent bullish market move was due to the US government buying Bitcoin to pay ransomware attackers.
Specifically, Carlson linked the recent grounding of flights by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to cyberattacks, hypothesizing that "nearly all such ransoms are paid in Bitcoin."
January 11th, Federal Aviation Administration A "computer outage" has halted national departures and delayed thousands of flights. According to the Transportation Agency, this was due to a technical issue with the Air Mission Notification System (NOTAM), which provides pilots with airspace data such as details of abnormal conditions. The agency said:
"Our preliminary investigation traced the outage to database file corruption. At this time, there is no evidence of a cyberattack."
In support of his theory, the Fox News host said the FAA notice occurred around the time BTC began pumping.In addition, similar "outages" occurred in Canada and the Philippines .
bitcoin pump
Nearly three weeks into the new year, major cryptocurrencies recorded a price increase of 29%. The pump becomes even more alarming as broader macro uncertainty takes over.
The chart below shows a moderate upward trend since January 1st. However, on the day the US flight was canceled, BTC posted a massive 4% gain to end the day at $17,930.
Over the next few days, Bitcoin rose, regaining $20,000 on January 14th before settling at pre-FTX price levels.
Source: BTCUSDT on TradingView.com
Bitcoin is up 22% in value since the FAA's notification, and the move has fueled sentiment. Some see this as a bull market signal.
Carlson asks a question
Digging up the flight ground, carlson said the last time this happened was in response to the 9/11 attacks in 2001, adding that it was a "big deal."
Moreover, the immediate aftermath of the grounding has left officials confused, with Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg saying on television that the cause of the grounding is unknown.
A few hours later, "some kind of story emerged" that the NOTAM system was responsible. Carlson described this as an unconvincing explanation.
"Our system shut down for no real reason. Is that what you're telling us? Yes, Pete Buttjegg explained with a straight face."
Carlson also said the same problem occurred in Canada the next day. He said both countries operate their own independent software to route flights, adding: "How likely is that?"
statement from Canadian official Regarding the issue, he said that "the Canadian NOTAM entry system has stopped" and that it was unrelated to the previous US NOTAM failure.
Digging deeper, the Fox News host pointed out that the Philippines was also hit with flight grounds on New Year's Day, causing thousands of flights to be rerouted.
"Is it possible that someone has hacked into the aviation system and is holding various governments around the world hostage until they pay the ransom?"
Read the latest market report
Bitcoin credits Fox Hackers Host News pump Ransomware
Nvidia's New RTX 40 GPU Dies Seem to Fix Bug, Likely Won't Cut Price
Microsoft Confirms 10,000 Layoffs Amid Recession, Plans to Invest Heavily in AI


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text:
Turning the tables: two full-time jobs for women for every man
Geoff WinestockEditorial writer
Updated Feb 23, 2018 – 4.10pm, first published at Feb 22, 2018 – 6.00pm
A surge of women into the workforce in the past year has surprised economists, who say it could be a crucial explanation for why wages are not rising faster.
Traditionally-female sectors like health and education have generated most of the 400,0000 jobs created in the past year with two full-time jobs for women for every full-time job created for a man.
Those jobs have attracted new women into the workforce and pushed the share of women aged 15-64 who are either in work or looking for a job up by two percentage points in less than two years to a record 73 per cent. Australia now has a female participation rate approaching world-leading countries in Scandinavia.
Ngaire Sidhu recently got a job with a provider for the National Disability Insurance Scheme ... health and education have generated thousands of new jobs in the past year. Pat Scala
"There's been a real break in trend over the last couple of years and particularly over the last, say, six months in the participation of women," RBA assistant governor Luci Ellis told a parliamentary hearing last week.
That is mostly great news for the 216,000 women who landed jobs in the past year alone, but they are also one reason why the labour market remains fairly slack and wage growth is weak. The women are easing labour shortages for business, indeed many of them would like to work longer hours, and this keeps wages overall low.
"It's not all roses. Female underemployment is still much higher than men's, and has deteriorated over the last year in almost all states and territories. Women want to work more, but are unable to," says Rebecca Cassells, a principal research fellow who looks at gender equity at the Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre.
Ngaire Sidhu, 25, of Hawthorn in Melbourne, has been swept up in the trend. Last May she landed a job with a provider for the National Disability Insurance Scheme, two years after completing a pyschology degree in Canberra. During that time all she could find was volunteer work.
The work Sidhu has found looking after two disabled people and providing relief to their carers suits her educational background. "I get on with the clients really well," she says "We talk about cricket."
But she would like more hours, perhaps night hours where she would enjoy loadings on the hourly rate under the award. Unfortunately her employer has not found enough clients. "My employer still doesn't have a lot of people on their database."
RBA assistant governor Luci Ellis says the trend bringing more women into the workforce 'still has legs' in Australia. Brendon Thorne
The reasons why women are doing so well in this jobs boom are complicated. Mostly it is because jobs growth has been concentrated in sectors like health and education and services where women traditionally dominate. That is quite unlike the mining construction boom four years ago. Equally, employers could gradually be learning to offer the flexibility in hours that helps women with family responsibilities. Or it might be that, if the male breadwinner cannot get a pay rise, women have more incentive to work longer.
It is not just younger women like Sidhu who are joining the workforce. They come from all age groups, including the 30-40 group where childcare and flexibility have been key barriers to getting a job. There are also women postponing retirement or returning to work after bringing up children.
The increase is surprising because Australia's female participation rate had stagnated for the past decade, as it had in many similar countries. "Each generation of women participates more in the labour force than the previous generation did at the same age," Ellis says. "Unlike in other countries, that particular dynamic still seems to have some legs (in Australia)."
When employment last surged in 2011 the main driver was mining and heavy engineering, where men dominated. This time the growth in employment is much more biased to traditional female areas of work like health and education.
The latest job boom is in traditional female areas of work like health and education. didesign021/Shutterstock
The rollout of the NDIS is one factor behind the addition of an extra 100,000 jobs in health over the past year, with even bigger percentage jumps in areas like arts and recreation and retail. On the other hand, outside residential construction and infrastructure in NSW, employment in male-dominated areas has grown more slowly or fallen.
The RBA insists that gradually the rush of women into the workforce will peak and labour shortages will start to appear, driving up wages.
That received some support from wages data this week which showed that wages are now growing faster in education and health than in mining or construction. Health wages grew by 2.8 per cent and education by 2.6 per cent, while construction grew only 1.9 per cent in calendar 2017, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics wage price index.
The weekly income of the average woman has edged up against the average man over the past year. The average full-time wage for men rose 2 per cent while for women it rose 2.9 per cent, and the comparison of male and female total earnings, which includes part-timers, shows a similar trend.
Employment in male-dominated areas has grown more slowly or fallen. Erin Jonasson
Lloyd Williams, Victorian state secretary of the Health and Community Services Union, says it is government policies and not an influx of women into the workforce that are holding down wages in the NDIS.
"In fact, there aren't enough workers to meet the demand generated by the NDIS, so wages should be going up. However, the NDIS caps what providers can charge to clients and these price caps are built on modern award rates of pay.
"Since many current workers have wages that are higher than the modern award, there is enormous pressure for these workers who also can't collectively demand better pay and conditions that allow them a better quality of life.
"We are extremely concerned that the casual and contract work created by the NDIS through its voucher-like funding model will further atomise the workforce, leaving more workers isolated and vulnerable to exploitation."
Jo-anne Schofield, national secretary of United Voice, says that says penalty rate cuts at the start of the year hurt women and the gender pay gap persists.
"There has been a massive growth in employment in industries with a mostly female workforce, such as early childhood education (ECEC), aged care and disability support. Because of the lower pay in these sectors and the historical associations with 'women's work', there are real issues about the professional recognition and pay of women in these sectors."
Cassells says that childcare reforms due to take effect from July could encourage even more women to join the labour force but it could require other changes to the tax and transfer system which impose effective marginal tax rates close to 6 per cent of women going off welfare or returning to work.
"One of the biggest barriers is childcare. Will reforms to childcare set to come into play in July see this pattern shift, or do we need a much broader reform of the tax and transfer system to turn this around?"
Geoff Winestock writes on News specialising in Politics, Economy, Policy. Connect with Geoff on Facebook and Twitter. Email Geoff at gwinestock@smh.com.au


text:
China Sands has plans to refinance the company
Casino operator Las Vegas Sands Corp and its subsidiary in Macao Sands China Ltd announced the amount of debt, which became known on July 26 for the first time.
On Thursday, Sands China reported to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange that it offered $1.8 billion of 4.6% of the senior securities scheduled for 2023, $ 1.8 billion out of 5.125% of the securities scheduled for 2025 and $ 1.9 billion of 5.4% of the securities scheduled for 2028.
Sands China announced its intention to use net proceeds of about $5.46 billion to repay the loan in accordance with the existing loan mechanism, as well as general corporate purposes, including capital projects.
Representatives of the company also stressed that the issuance "will further strengthen the liquidity status of the group, as well as enhance the international prestige of the company."
"The Board of Directors believes that the issuance of securities is a timely opportunity for the company to refinance the existing debt of the group for the Venetian Macau Limited at competitive rates, and to extend the maturity of the debt," the statement said.
Venetian Macau Limited is a subsidiary of Sands China. According to Fitch Ratings Inc., the total loans of Sands China as of June 30 of this year reached $ 1.25 billion.
Las Vegas Sands previously reported that they will spend more money on profitable projects, as well as the maintenance of facilities in Macau. According to preliminary estimates, this year these costs will amount to $1 billion, next - $1.25 billion, and in 2020 - $770 million.
In addition, the company indicated the anticipated closing date of Sands China's offer - August 9. The combined bookrunners include Barclays Capital Inc., Goldman Sachs and Co LLC and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith Inc. Sands noted that the Hong Kong Stock Exchange acknowledged that these bonds are subject to listing.
Suggested Reading - Trusted Online Casino


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Q: Matlab: specify position of clabel on contour plot Is there a way to specify the position of the labels on lines of a contour plot - rather than the default or using 'manual' (I have many plots and doing each manually won't help)? I'd like the label to be at the beginning of the contour line (i.e. at the top of the plot, max x position). I am using 'LabelSpacing' in 'clabel' to reduce the number of labels but can you specify where the first one starts? This because I want to overlay it on a pcolor and don't want the labels interfering.
See below (where Hlim and Tlim are 1x23 vectors)
%% isolines
figure;
rho=1025; g=9.81; rg64=(rho*g^2)/(64*pi);
Ht=Hlim';
Piso=(rg64.*(Ht.^2)*Tlim)./1000;
v=[10:50:250];
[C,h]=contour(Tlim,Ht,Piso,v,'--','LineColor', 'k');
th=clabel(C,h,'LabelSpacing',300);
strs=get(th,'String');
strs=strcat(strs,' kW/m');
set(th,{'String'},strs,'BackgroundColor','w');

A: Here is the plot generated without modifying your code, with Hlim = [1:23]*.5;
Tlim = [1:23]-2;
It looks like it is giving the desired behavior with labels right at the top.  Is this the desired output?

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