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HomeCOMMENTARYMass Immigration & The Looming Disappearance Of The Dutch Population
Mass Immigration & The Looming Disappearance Of The Dutch Population
June 6, 2017 Pam Barker COMMENTARY, GOVERNMENT, SOCIETY 0
Via GEFIRA
Changes in demographic trends takes 50 years before they become plainly visible. The decline in fertility in the sixties started to become visible after 50 years. Cerberus, our population simulator, shows with scientific precision that the replacement of European society has started, and within 50 years it will be visible and irreversible.
Since the 1970s, Western societies have not produced enough offspring to keep their communities growing. The fertility rate (i.e. the average number of children per woman) is far below 2.1, i.e. the level of replacement. A population with a higher rate will grow while a population with a lower rate will shrink. As it is, Western and Japanese societies will begin to implode 40 years from the moment their fertility rate drops, and this demographic winter, as this phenomenon is sometimes called, will affect the world more profoundly than climate change, so politicians and investors should take notice.
According to official state data, the Swedish, French and Dutch populations will keep growing for the foreseeable future despite their low fertility rates. Western politicians seem to be taking great pleasure in the population decline in Russia, but shouldn't they first bother about their own turf? How, for example, is it possible that the number of residents in the Netherlands will keep growing if the number of the newborns is smaller and smaller?
To get an insight into the European situation, the Gefira team performed the computation, and developed Cerberus 2.0, a software tool that, using copious amounts of demographic data provided by the Central Bureaus of Statistics, simulates population development.
Cerberus, making use of the CBS Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics data, has calculated how many people died and were born for every consecutive year from 1950 till 2100, and then created a hypothetical Dutch population growth model without migration. This model overlaps with the official data up to 1980 (blue line in Figure 1 below). In the sixties, the Netherlands had an emigration surplus, i.e. more people left the country than arrived, while in the seventies the so-called mass immigration set in and the process was reversed.
A couple of years of immigration has no visible effect, which is why many immigration advocates argue that 50,000 arrivals against a population of 14 million, (i.e. 0.3 percent) is negligible. This is only true if it is a one-time event. If it happens year after year, it brings about a structural change of a population.
The cumulative effect of immigration becomes visible in the data after 10 years in 1980. The total population in the Netherlands grew according to the official CBS data (green line) much faster than the native population calculated by Cerberus (blue line). The native Dutch population reached a peak around 2015 at 15 million people, while the total number of inhabitants according to the CBS was 17 million and growing. Dutch society will stay more or less stable with 18 million in 2060, the final year of the CBS projection. Cerberus, on the other hand, shows that in 2015 the Dutch population started to decline rapidly and by 2060 there will be 12 million Dutch left while at the end of the century there will only be 9 million native Dutch. The Dutch natives will become a minority.
Due to demographic inertia, it takes a long period before changes in fertility and migration are felt. We remind the reader that the Dutch fertility rate started to drop in the sixties and went below the point of replacement in 1973. Since then it will have taken more than 42 years before the Dutch native population starts to decline. The inevitable replacement of the people of Europe at the end of this century is already set in motion, and we believe that after 2030 this process is irreversible.
We have used Cerberus to calculate how many migrants are needed to keep the Dutch population stable at 18 million. We input into Cerberus the 1950 population and, starting in 1971, added 15%, 20% and 25% immigration-related growth. Our model showed that the population stabilized with a 25% extra growth, that is about 45 thousand immigrants annually, around 18 million people, which overlaps with the CBS projection
Cerberus proves that the Netherlands needs 45 thousand immigrants to meet the official projections of the CBS. The CBS data is the basis for government planning. The Dutch planners are keeping mass-immigration unchanged for the foreseeable future instead of anticipating a sharp drop in population. Apparently, the Dutch establishment has opted for the replacement of Dutch society.
To perceive the consequence of the continuation of mass-immigration, one has to take a closer look at the population growth. When more immigrant children are born than those of Dutch natives, the effect is not immediately visible: migrants will still be a minority of the total population, but inevitably the Dutch will become a minority within that generation. To see how the growth of the Dutch population evolves, we divided it into three components:
The steadily decreasing number of newborn native Dutch;
The steadily increasing number of non-native newborns;
A constant number of incoming immigrants.
These components are shown in Figure 2.
In 2060 50% of the growth in the Netherlands will be non-Western newborns (orange) and immigrants (red), and around 2070 50% of all newborns (orange) are non-native Dutch. From there it takes a further 25 years before the natives are a minority. The Cerberus projections are very optimistic as they assume the native fertility rate to be 1.66. According to our separate calculation, the real current native-Dutch fertility rate is much lower and close to 1.5. Cerberus shows that the next decades are crucial for the survival of the Dutch population. In 2060 we will cross the Rubicon and reach the point of no return, at which time the Dutch will be inevitably replaced with a non-Western society.
But in 2035, 17 years from now, the total growth of the non-Dutch population in the Netherlands will already be a shocking 42%. Measures to increase the fertility are rather counterproductive and will probably only increase the fertility rate of non-Western immigrants. It is said that in the seventies and eighties, immigrant families with 6 kids were able to live on child benefit.
Since the demographic decline is observable in all Western countries, we are in for Europeans being gradually replaced by peoples from Africa or South Asia. We are now at the eleventh hour and if we do not put an immediate stop to all immigration, Dutch society will vanish into thin air.
ER recommends other articles by Zerohedge, and by Gefira where this article was originally published
Cerberus population simulator
replacement of population
Caught in the act – NGOs deal in migrant smuggling, not 'rescue'
Inflation & unemployment as a result of demographic explosion – is a new Arab Spring in the making?
Yes, the Italian elections prove that populism isn't going away anytime soon


reduceret orkestrering må KUN anvendes til ballet!
New York is the city which fascinates and inspires Ruders. Time and again he goes back there to work. Manhattan Abstraction (1982) subtitles a symphonic skyline for large orchestra, was conceived there. Ruders' British colleague Oliver Knussen defines the piece as: - a performance of an extraordinary Modern-Times-like construction. It is a sort of symphonic sculpture, which in the composer's own words propels forth from one particular inspiration: the New York profile, as seen from Liberty Island, one icy cold January day with its open, clear sky and dazzling sun light.
Manhattan Abstraction appears as an amalgam of some of the compositorial habits found in present pieces. For instance, are present here compositorial ideas and melodic loans from Capriccio Pian'e Forte, 2nd String Quartet (1979), Four Compositions (1980), and 2nd Piano Sonata (1982). The question at hand is mainly concerned with the enhanced elaboration of Ruders' use of the classic English change-ringing system: a permuting method pre-determining the order of tone-appearances and/or tone groups; a serial technique in other words.
In spite of the rigidly fixed material, Ruders somehow manages to chisel out a personal expression by way of emphasizing contrasting elements already existing within the material itself. The spiky, repetitive sections form a counterpart to a more human violin-solo. This dialectical tension is - as hinted by the title - a symphonic abstraction of a fascinating metropolis; the most beautiful and the ugliest. The subtitle: a symphonic skyline reflects the musical erection of the Manhattan profile, which under the clear sky, materializes into the most powerful and compelling man-made sculpture on earth.
Thus Manhattan Abstraction is a homage to, as well as a vision of, this giant contraption of concrete, glass, and chrome.


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NFC News Top stories
[2016-07-30] Guide to Nirvana sights in Aberdeen, Olympia and Seattle
[2015-03-22] Foo Fighters - Sonic Highways DVD/Blu-ray up for pre-order
[2013-09-24] In Utero 20th anniversary release - OUT NOW!
[2011-04-02] Follow NFC on Twitter - @nirvclub - for latest news
NFC News Nirvana song licensed for use in advertising
From the Australian Undercover: "Nirvana's Breed will be the first song from their catalogue to be used in advertising. Finance site Portfolio reports that Primary Wave [who acquired 25% of the rights to the Nirvana catalogue] have sold use of the track for an Austrian telecom ad, the videogame 'Major League Baseball 2K7', and the movie 'Shoot 'Em Up'." Read the full story here.
Posted or updated: 10-29-2007 @ 11:37 PM (GMT) by RH.
NFC News Pre-order Unplugged DVD now!
A few more details have emerged about the upcoming Unplugged in New York DVD which contains the entire Nirvana MTV Unplugged performance from 1993.
The DVD will contain previously unreleased footage from the rehearsals of these songs:
Pennyroyal Tea
As stated earlier, the DVD will contain the complete show including Oh Me and Something In The Way which were omitted from the original broadcast, as well as various short jams.
The DVD will offer 2.0 Dolby Stereo and 5.1 Surround Sound. Aspect ratio: 1.33:1.
Finally, the DVD will contain MTV's "Bare Witness" documentary which goes behind the scenes on the Unplugged show, featuring interviews with the band, the MTV production staff and fans from the audience.
The performance first aired on MTV on December 14, 1993.
You can see the official DVD cover on the right. View larger version here.
The DVD is scheduled to be released November 19 in most of the world and November 20 in the US and Canada
Check out NFC's exclusive interview with Unplugged producer Alex Coletti here (from 2000)
Pre-order the DVD here!
Posted or updated: 10-27-2007 @ 8:49 PM (GMT) by RH.
NFC News James McAvoy to play Kurt in new movie?
"James McAvoy is being lined up to play late rock legend Kurt Cobain in a new movie.
The 'Atonement' star is hotly-tipped to portray the Nirvana frontman, who committed suicide in 1994, in a film about his life, which is due to be produced by Cobain's widow Courtney Love.
A source said, 'James is making a big impact in Hollywood at the moment. Hollywood bosses are convinced he is the perfect choice to play Kurt Cobain.'
The film will be largely based on Charles Cross' biography 'Heavier than Heaven'." Story courtesy of azcentral.com
NFC News Kurt Loder reviews "Kurt Cobain: About a Son"
Read Kurt Loder of MTV's review of the Kurt Cobain documentary here.
NFC News Official Cobain biopic to be produced
From The Hollywood Reporter: "David Benioff has signed on to pen the untitled Kurt Cobain project being developed by Working Title, Reveille Motion Pictures and Universal.
Many of the details of the biopic of the Nirvana frontman are still in early conception stages, so it is unclear what form the narrative would take and how Nirvana music will fit into it. Benioff will use as a reference the 2001 book Heavier Than Heaven, by Charles Cross, which the production recently acquired.
Also unclear is whether Courtney Love, Cobain�s widow, would appear onscreen. Love is on board as executive producer, along with Howard Weitzman, who at one time was vice chairman of Universal Studios and now is an attorney who reps Love.
Working Title�s Eric Fellner and Tim Bevan and Reveille�s Ben Silverman and Graham Larson are on board to produce."
Benioff wrote the upcoming Marc Forster drama �The Kite Runner,� as well as �Troy� and �25th Hour,� which was based on his own novel. His upcoming credits include �Wolverine� and �Brothers.�
Story courtesy of The Hollywood Reporter.
Some additional info from Variety: "The producers and studio would not address whether they had locked down music rights, or the nature of the story they are trying to tell."
NFC News Review of "Nirvana at Reading Festival" DVD
A commercial DVD of Nirvana's 1992 performance at the Reading Festival was released throughout Europe last month. It is important to stress that this is an unauthorized DVD and not in any way an official release by Nirvana's record label.
The DVD, released by the obscure German company masterplan, contains an unreleased professional recording of the Nirvana performance from August 30, 1992. The recording first started circulating online in January 2005. The original source has a timecode stamp in the bottom of the screen at all times. On this commercial DVD, the timecode has been obscured by a box with the respective song titles inside.
While the original source is 102 minutes long and contains the complete show, the masterplan DVD release is some ten minutes shorter and omits the opening intro as well as the first song, Breed.
In most countries, this particular DVD would most likely be considered illegal and consequently it can be a challenge to find stores that will sell it, although it is possible. Apparently a loophole in British legislation makes it difficult to crack down on these types of DVDs.
The popular online store play.com for example has been selling the DVD, although it is currently out of stock (and will probably remain so). I was personally able to obtain it from the German branch of amazon.com's marketplace. masterplan also has a DVD out, "Talk To Me", which is essentially a reproduction of the DVD from With The Lights Out in inferior quality.
Aside from the questionable nature of the DVDs legality it is a good, high-quality recording of perhaps Nirvana's best concert performance. However, since the DVD is incomplete as mentioned before (and not as good quality as the source leaked online), one would probably want to wait for an official release with better picture and especially audio quality. There's indeed a very high probability that the next item in line for an official release is in fact this show. Look for it out on DVD in late 2008.
For now, a few more details on this unofficial and unauthorized release:
Title: Nirvana / At Reading Festival
Released by: masterplan �2007
Bonus material: None
Audio: 2.0 Stereo
Cover art: Sleeve - DVD menu - Screenshot #1, #2, #3 and #4.
NFC News Major website update
We apologize that it has taken so long, but the NFC website as a whole was finally updated today with some updated and new content. Indeed, aside from news, the site hasn't had a lot of updates over the past couple of years. Hopefully today's update will help make up for the loss. Thanks to everyone who stuck by the website and those who visit regularly. Here's a brief rundown of the updates:
Small update to the news section so that scrolling through several pages of stories is easier. We also added a banner and a new e-mail address for visitors to easily submit news stories
All pop-up and pop-under banner advertisements have been removed. The only ad displayed is a modest and (for the most part) text-based banner in the bottom of all pages
The info section was updated with some new content, and a few documents such as the NFC FAQ were brought up-to-date
The biggest update was done to the media section: dozens of new live videos added, music videos upgraded in quality, and more misc. clips added - including documentaries and more
A few more pictures were added to the picture gallery
The 13th NFC Competition has once again been extended. It will end on December 1st!
The links section has been updated with new links and some old, defunct ones removed
More updates will be done in the coming months.
NFC News Every issue of Rolling Stone to be available digitally
Bondi Digital Publishing's Cover to Cover series Rolling Stone: The First 40 Years and Playboy: The 50s will be on sale beginning November 2 in bookstores and all major retail outlets across the country.
These fully searchable DVD-ROM box sets from Bondi Digital Publishing bring the past back to life with two of the most popular and venerable publications of our time. Consumers can now log onto www.covertocover.com to place pre-sale orders and watch a sneak preview of both DVD-ROMs.
Individually scanned page-by-page, past issues of Rolling Stone and Playboy are combined with the Bondi Reader, a groundbreaking and user-friendly magazine browser that is compatible with both Mac and PC.
In addition, the unique companion coffee table book included with each box set is filled with one-of-a-kind previously unpublished material, allowing users to complement their digital experience with a hands-on look at behind-the-scenes accounts and editor-selected highlights.
The Rolling Stone Cover to Cover: The First 40 Years release coincides with the iconic rock-and-roll magazine�s 40th anniversary and marks the first time its history will be available in digital archive form. The Cover to Cover box set includes three DVD-ROM disks and one Install DVD-ROM disk, with 98,000 pages of content from issues 1 through 1,025/1,026 in their entirety, and a 208-page companion coffee table book. Also included is a no-strings-attached one year bonus subscription to the magazine (a $12.95 value).
About Rolling Stone Cover to Cover: The First 40 Years
Bondi Digital Publishing, distributed by Perseus Distribution
$125 U.S./$150 Canada
Available November 2007
ISBN-13: 978-0-9795261-0-7
ISBN-10: 0-9795261-0-8
The issues will, of course, include the legendary Nirvana covers such as no. 628 (April 1992), no. 674 (Jan. 1994).
Posted or updated: 10-13-2007 @ 10:45 AM (GMT) by RH.
NFC News Nirvana Unplugged DVD - press release
Universal Music Enterprises have published a press release concerning the upcoming DVD:
"Never Before Released on Video, Nirvana's Legendary Unplugged In New York Available on DVD November 20
SANTA MONICA, CA--(Marketwire - October 4, 2007) - Outside of limited television airings, Nirvana's landmark November 18, 1993 performance on MTV Unplugged has never before been released on video... until now.
The DVD Unplugged In New York (Geffen/MTV Networks/UMe), set for release on November 20, 2007, features the complete, unedited 66-minute concert (including stage patter and two songs not aired on the original 44-minute broadcast) in both Dolby Stereo and 5.1 Surround Sound. Also included is previously unreleased rehearsal and documentary footage."
The story is also spreading around the media now: Billboard, Undercover Music News, Dotmusic and NME.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Green buildings are in! Opting for an eco friendly remodeling for your home is one of the best choices you'll ever make. Not only are you creating a positive impact on the environment, it's providing a healthy and efficient home. Listed below, are some basic tips in eco friendly remodeling.
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Green living is a worldwide movement where a lot of building systems, materials and ideas are being developed in different parts of the globe. Technology allows homeowners to pick up simple yet effective ideas on the web from different sources.
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"Green ergonomics" was coined as a term that refers to the integration of ergonomics into sustainable design in achieving a healthy and productive environment for both the individual or occupant and the systems or organizational level.
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When it comes to major eco-friendly remodeling of a home, as mentioned in energy efficiency, solar tubes can be a great way to provide natural lighting to hard-to-reach areas such as basements or kitchens. One can also provide natural ventilation and circulation of air by using the concept of "passive cooling". If you can afford to have your lawns changed into grass instead of concrete or have a fountain or a small pool then this can help in providing additional cooling systems at home this can reduce surface heat retention during the hot season.
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Includes all items listed above for an additional period of time beyond your original warranty period (included with HOA, property management, commercial/industrial re-roof projects).
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The Rocky Mountain Roofing and Restoration Referral Program is designed to thank our customers for referring us to their friends, families, and co-workers. Once we receive the referral through our online form (below), we will contact the referral to schedule a time for a free inspection. When your referral signs their proposal and their project is completed, a gift card will be mailed or brought to you.
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A Roof Certification is a formal certificate issued after a roof inspection has been performed on a property following the inspection protocols and has determined that the roof has met the Roof Certification criteria subject to its terms and conditions.
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A Roof Certification requires an inspection. This written inspection report with color photographs is typically $175, can be more for larger homes or commercial buildings. If the roof meets the Roof Certification criteria then it is a total of $250 for a 2 year period, again more for larger properties. If the roof has deficiencies, it will be documented in the written Inspection Report with color photographs detailing those deficiencies. If the member is hired to make the repairs, a portion of the inspection fee is credited in the repair costs.
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What does a Roof Certification cover?
The standard Roof Certification covers repairing leaks from normal wear and tear or a leak missed by the inspector during the certification period.
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The certificate holder notifies Rocky Mountain Roofing and Restoration that a leak has occurred. A member in our production department performs a leak inspection to determine the proximate cause of the leak. If it is determined that the leak was caused by a normal wear and tear or an error on the part of the inspector, all necessary steps would be taken to stop the leak at no additional cost to the certificate holder. Disputes are handled on a case-by-case basis.
What about storm damage or third party damage?
The standard Roof Certification does not provide coverage for "acts of God" or third party damages.
Can any roofing contractor issue a Roof Certification?
Yes, but most won't because they want to charge to replace the roof. Rocky Mountain Roofing and Restoration, Inc. will come out and give you an honest inspection and let you know if the roof is certifiable.
Rocky Mountain Roofing and Restoration goes to great lengths on every project to reduce our warranty call backs with the quality of materials we install and the extra steps taken during installation. Out of the hundreds of projects that we perform each year, we have maintained a warranty claim ratio of less than 1%. We pride ourselves on the speed that we handle all warranty issues.
Rocky Mountain Roofing and Restoration fully stands behind our workmanship. It is for this reason that we offer a 2-year labor warranty that covers all leaks due to craftsmanship defects. The warranty does not cover damage to damage caused by lightning, winds over 60-mph, ice, tornados, hail, impact from foreign objects, etc.
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Take a moment to appreciate the teachers in your life. They share with us the mysteries of life. They make us smarter, prepare us for the work world or the next step in our education, and make us into better human beings. So take a moment to appreciate the teacher who have walked with you on your path.


Sambucus nigra is the Latin name for elder and has clear etymological roots. Nigra means "black" and refers to the color of the juice from the elderberry. Although sambucus does not have a single set definition, it can be interpreted as a reference to the sambuca, an ancient stringed instrument that may have been carved from elder wood.
Carefully wash 150 g of elderflowers. Bring 1 L of water containing 1 kg of sugar to the boil, then leave to cool down. Then add the elderflowers and 25 g of citric acid to the sugar water. Leave in a dark, cool place for three days. Prepare the bottles in which to store the syrup. Pour the elderflower syrup through a sieve and then pour into the bottles. To conserve the syrup, add a few drops of alcohol (80% ABV) and then set alight.


text:
Expression and regulation of bone morphogenetic protein 4 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Xiaotong Wang
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Department of TCM Basic Clinical Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Rheumatology in Traditional Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
E-mail : Yuewen.Gong@ad.umanitoba.ca
Qingguo Wang
Weisi Kong
Gerald Y
Minuk
Frank J
Burczynski
Emmanuel Ho
Yuewen Gong
Section of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Human HCC tissues, adjacent non-tumor tissues and three HCC cell lines (Huh-7, HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5) were employed for evaluation of BMP4 and BMP type I (BMPR1A and BMPR1B) and type II (BMPR2) receptor mRNA expression. In addition Huh-7 cells were further studied to document the effects of toxin-induced injury on BMP4 mRNA and protein expression. The effects of exogenous BMP4 on Huh-7 Smad 1 and ERK 1/2 signaling pathways, proliferation and differentiation were determined. The results of the study revealed that BMP4 mRNA expression is upregulated in the majority of HCC and malignant hepatocyte cell lines while BMP type I and II receptor mRNA expression is more variable. Moreover, D-galactosamine induced injury of Huh-7 cells results in significant upregulation of BMP4 mRNA and protein expression. Finally, exogenous BMP4 induces phosphorylation of Smad 1 and ERK 1/2 without altering cell proliferation or differentiation. These findings suggest that BMP4 is involved in the pathogenesis of HCC but by mechanisms other than regulating malignant hepatocyte proliferation or differentiation.
bone morphogenetic protein 4, hepatocellular carcinoma, D-galactosamine, gene regulation
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and third most common cause of cancer-related death in the world today. Unfortunately, potentially curative treatments such as liver transplantation and surgical resection can only be offered to a minority of HCC patients. However, more effective therapeutic interventions will only be identified when our understanding of HCC carcinogenesis is more complete.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is initially identified in the 1960s and belongs a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily. At present, 15 BMPs and 4 related growth differentiation factors (GDFs) have been identified that shares a similar structure [1,2]. Biologically active BMPs are 30-38 kDa homodimers that are synthesized as prepropeptides with 400-525 amino acids in cells [3]. The disulfide-linked mature dimer of BMPs will associate with membrane receptors that have been identified as type I receptors – BMPR1A (or activin receptor-like kinase 3 – ALK3) and BMPR1B (or ALK6), and type II receptor – BMPRII [1]. Binding of a BMP dimer to its type II receptor recruits the type I receptor. A heterotetramer is then formed with two receptors of each type. Proximity of the receptors allows the type II receptor to phosphorylate the type I receptor at the GS domain. This is followed by phosphorylation of Smads and/or mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Phosphorylated Smads and MAPKs subsequently induce intracellular events that lead to regulation of target gene transcription [3]. Biological activities of BMP4 involves in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and general organogenesis. Recently studies reveal that BMP4 may induce migration and invasion of colon [4,5], ovarian [6] and pancreatic cancer cells [7]. In addition, inhibition of BMP4 in hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma cells resulted in reduced migration and invasion [8,9]. Moreover, BMP4 mRNA and protein were found increased in HCC tumor tissues compared to adjacent cirrhotic tissues and may be related to poor prognosis in patients with HCC [10].
However, what are functions and role of BMP4 in HCC still remain unclear. Therefore, in the current study, we documented BMP4 mRNA expression in HCC tissues and cell lines. In addition we demonstrated regulation of BMP4 expression in HCC cell line (Huh-7 cells) and effects of BMP4 on intracellular signaling, proliferation and differentiation of Huh-7 cells.
HCC cell lines (Huh-7, HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 cells) were purchased from ATCC. All reagents for cell culture (Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin-EDTA) and TRIzol Reagent were purchased from Invitrogen (Burlington, ON). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed by the Oligo 7 computer software and synthesized by Invitrogen. Donkey anti-rabbit IgG, rabbit anti-mouse IgG and the enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) Western blotting kit were purchased from the GE Health Science (Baie d'Urfe, Quebec). The iScript™ cDNA Synthesis Kit and iQ™ SYBR® Green Supermix were purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. (Mississauga, Ontario). D-galactosamine (D-gal) and other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Oakville ON).
Human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue samples
Total RNA from human hepatocellular carcinoma HCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues were obtained from our previous study [11]. That study was approved by the University of Manitoba Conjoint Ethics Committee for Human and Animal Experimentation.
Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and cell culture
All HCC cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 110 mg/L sodium pyruvate, 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin at 37ºC in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air. Huh-7 cells were sub-cultured in 10 cm culture dishes for experiments. One day prior to treatment, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated with the medium described above supplemented with different concentrations of D-gal for different time intervals as indicated.
Extraction of RNA and performance of real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
Total RNA from tissues and/or cells was isolated by TRIzol reagent according to the manufacturer's manual. The first strand cDNA was synthesized by the iScript™ cDNA Synthesis Kit as described previously [12]. PCR was performed using the iQ™ SYBR® Green Supermix and the oligonucleotides were synthesized by Invitrogen. The specific primers for the study are listed in Table 1 and were designed with the respective sequences from GenBank by Oligo 7 software. PCR amplification was carried out by applying 30 cycles comprising: denaturation at 94ºC for 1 minute, different annealing temperatures for 30 seconds, elongation at 72°C for 2 minutes, followed by a final elongation at 72ºC for 8 minutes using a MiniOpticon™ Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. Mississauga, Ontario). PCR products were also analyzed by electrophoresis on a 1.2% agarose gel.
Extraction of cellular protein and Western blot analyses
Cellular protein was isolated by a cellular protein extraction solution (1 X=50 mM Tris pH8.0, 0.5 mM EDTA, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5% NP-40 and 1X protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville ON). The BCA protein assay kit measured protein concentrations. Twenty micrograms of cellular protein from different samples were then mixed with 4X gel loading buffer, separated on 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide (SDS-polyacrylamide) gel under reducing conditions, and transferred onto Nitroplus-2000 membranes (Micron Separations Inc. Westborough, MA). Nonspecific antibody binding was blocked by pre-incubation of the membranes in 1X Tris-buffered-saline (TBS) containing 5% skim milk for 1 hour at room temperature. Membranes were incubated overnight at 4ºC with antibodies against respective proteins – monoclonal antibody against BMP4 at 1:500 dilution, monoclonal antibody against Smad1 at 1:500 dilution, polyclonal antibody against phosphor-Smad1 at 1:700 dilution, polyclonal antibody against ERK1/2 at 1:800 dilution, polyclonal antibody against phosphor-ERK1/2 at 1:400 dilution and monoclonal antibody against b-actin at 1:6000 dilution respectively in 1X TBS containing 0.1% Tween-20 and 2% skim milk. After washing, they were incubated with donkey anti-rabbit IgG or sheep anti-mouse IgG at 1:1000 dilutions for 1 hour at room temperature, respectively. Bands were visualized by employing the enhanced chemiluminescence kit according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Cell proliferation was measured using cell proliferation reagents WST-1 as described previously [13]. Huh-7 cells (2x103) in 200 µl culture medium were seeded into 96 well plates. After 24 hours incubation, the medium was changed with 100µl of fresh culture medium containing different concentrations of D-gal or BMP4 or combination of D-gal and BMP4. The media as well as drugs were changed once every other day. Cell proliferation was documented after 1, 3, 6, 9 days of treatments. At the end of treatment, 10 μl of WST-1 reagent were added into wells and incubated for 3 hours. The absorbency of the treated samples against a blank control was measured using a Synergy HT microplate reader (BioTek Instruments) with 420nm as detection wavelength/650nm as reference wavelength for WST-1 assay. Each treated group contained 8 wells and each experiment was repeated on three occasions.
To analyze differences between control and treatment groups, we performed the ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test as Post hoc test using StatView (version 5.0) software (SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC). Differences with p values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Although BMP4 expression in HCC has been reported, the interactive proteins with BMP4 such as its receptors have not been described. Our previous study with human HCC tumors in other project allowed us to investigate the expression of BMP4, BMPR1A, BMPR1B and BMPR2 mRNA at same time. Expression pattern of BMP4 and its receptors in five HCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues from 12 HCC samples were shown in Figure 1. BMP4, BMPR1A, BMPR1B and BMPRII were all expressed in HCC samples. Compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues, BMP4 mRNA expression was significantly increased in HCC tumor tissues as well as BMPR1A. The mRNA level of BMPRII was also elevated but there is no statistical significance. Moreover, there was no change of BMPR1B mRNA between tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues.
Figure 1. Comparison of BMP4 and BMPRs mRNA in HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Twelve human HCC were collected in our previous study and total RNA from HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were extracted and BMP4 mRNA was evaluated by RT-PCR. Five paired samples were shown in panel A and abundance of BMP4 in twelve paired samples was shown in panel B. Data were presented as mean ± SE and * indicates significant difference between HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues.
Although there is increased expression of BMP4 in HCC tumor tissues compared to that of adjacent non-tumor tissues, the role of BMP4 in HCC has yet to be investigated. Because malignant hepatocytes are often exposed to ischemia, physical ablation with heat or cold and/or chemotherapy, we designed additional experiments wherein the effects of toxin-induced injury on BMP4 expression were documented in Huh-7 cells. As shown in Figure 2, following exposure to 4.0 mM of the hepatotoxin - D-galactosamine, the increase in BMP4 mRNA expression peaked at 6 hours, prior to returning to baseline levels at 24 hours. BMP4 protein expression was significantly increased at 12 hours and continued to increase until the end of the experiment at 48 hours. This effect on BMP4 mRNA and protein expression was also concentration dependent in that no significant effects were observed following exposure to 0.4 mM D-galactosamine but significant increases were obtained with 4.0 mM and the greatest effect with 8.0 mM of toxin (Figure 3).
Figure 2. D-gal induced bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) expression in Huh-7 cells over time. Panel A shows significant increase in BMP4 mRNA and panel B shows the abundance of BMP4 protein after D-gal treatment. The top panels display representative gels of BMP4 mRNA and protein. The bottom panels display histogram of these bands. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from four different experiments. * indicates statistically significant difference between D-gal treated and untreated cells.
Figure 3. D-gal induced bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) expression in Huh-7 cells as a function of D-gal concentration. Panel A displays significant increase in BMP4 mRNA and panel B shows BMP4 protein levels after treatment with different concentrations. The top panels display representative gels of BMP4 mRNA and protein. The bottom panels display histogram of these bands. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from four different experiments and * indicates statistically significant difference between the treated cells to the untreated cells.
To determine whether increases in BMP4 expression are likely to be associated with changes in cell signaling, we documented the effects of exogenous BMP4 on two key BMP signaling pathways; Smad 1 and ERK 1/2 in Huh-7 cells. As shown in Figure 4, BMP4 treatment resulted in significant increases in Smad 1 phosphorylation at 0.5 and 1 hour while increases in ERK 1/2 phosphorylation were present at all three time points: 0.5, 1 and 2 hours.
Figure 4. Induced Smad 1 and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation after bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) treatment of Huh-7 cells. Smad1, phosphor-Smad1, ERK1/2 and phosphor-ERK1/2 expression were documented by Western blot analyses with antibodies against the respective proteins. The left panel displays representative Western blot gels and the right panel shows histograms of band densities. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from four different experiments. * indicates statistically significant differences between the different time intervals of treatment to baseline (0 hours).
BMP4 administration has been reported to alter malignant cell proliferative activity. It has also been reported to enhance cell differentiation. In our study, D-galactosamine significantly inhibited Huh-7 cell proliferation in a dose dependent mansion (Figure 5A). However, various concentrations of BMP4 alone had no effect on Huh-7 proliferation (Figure 5B) and combination of BMP4 or BMP4 antibody did not alter the inhibitory effect of D-galactosamine on Huh-7 cell proliferation (Figure 5C). There was no effect of D-gal on cell differentiation as indicated by the expression of albumin (marker of hepatocyte differentiation) and CK-19 (marker of cholangiocyte differentiation) (data not shown).
Figure 5. Regulation of Huh-7 cell proliferation by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). Panel A shows the effects of D-gal on Huh-7 cell proliferation. Panel B displays the BMP4 regulation of Huh-7 cell proliferation. Panel C shows the effects of D-gal (4 mM), BMP4 (50 ng/ml), BMP4 antibody (400 ng/ml) and the combination of D-gal and BMP4 on Huh-7 cell proliferation. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from six different wells and two different experiments. * indicates statistically significant difference between D-gal treated and un-treated cells.
The results of this study confirm previous reports that BMP4 expression is increased or abundant in a majority of HCC tissues and malignant hepatocyte cell lines. Also in keeping with previous reports was the variability in BMP receptor expression, with BMP Type I and II receptor expression being increased, decreased or unchanged in various HCC tissues and malignant hepatocyte cell lines. The results also extend our understanding of BMP4 regulation by demonstrating that in addition to hypoxia, BMP4 expression is upregulated by toxin-induced injury. Finally, despite significant increases in BMP signaling pathways, we were unable to confirm previous reports of BMP4 altering malignant cell proliferation and/or differentiation.
There is a paucity of reports describing BMP4 and BMP receptor expression in human HCC. In the first of only three such reports published to date, Maegdefrau et al. described BMP4 expression in 39 paired tissue specimens from HCC patients and found that in 62%, expression was upregulated [8]. Shortly thereafter, Guo et al. described increased BMP4 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 120/156 (77%) HCC tissues compared to 19/156 (12%) adjacent non-tumor tissues [10]. Most recently, Chiu et al. reported increased BMP4 mRNA expression by real-time PCR in 60% of 71 paired HCC tissues [14]. In the same study, Chiu found that in 30/71 (43%) specimens BMPR1A mRNA expression was upregulated, while BMPR1B expression was down regulated in all 71 specimens (BMPR2 expression was not reported in their study). Although the number of paired HCC specimens was much smaller (N=15) in the present study, our results are in keeping with the above findings in that BMP4 mRNA expression was increased in the majority of HCC specimens while BMP type I and II receptor expression was quite variable. Given what is now known about BMP4 regulation, it will be important to document the conditions associated with sample collection (e.g. intra-operative ischemia, recent chemotherapy, ablations, etc.) prior to determining BMP4 and/or BMP4 receptor expression in future studies.
In the only study reporting BMP4 expression in malignant hepatocyte cell lines, Maegdefrau et al. described a 4-5 fold up-regulation of BMP4 mRNA in Hep3B, HepG2 and PLC cells relative to primary human hepatocytes [8]. Because we did not culture primary human hepatocytes in the present study, no such comparisons could be made. However, we did document abundant BMP4 expression in Huh-7 and to a lesser extent, PLC/PRF/5 cells. Why expression was so limited in HepG2 cells is unclear. Again, given what is now known about BMP4 expression, differences in culture conditions, number of cell passages, cell viability etc. must be considered as a possible explanation for these discordant findings.
D-galactosamine is a potent hepatotoxin that induces hepatocyte injury by causing an accumulation of UDP-galactosamine derivatives in the liver [15]. These in turn lead to a depletion of hepatic UTP and cessation of the biosynthesis of macromolecules such as RNA, protein, glycoproteins, glycogen etc. Thus, many mechanisms of cell injury are represented by this toxin. Together with previous data indicating that ischemia results in an upregulation of BMP4 expression in malignant hepatocytes, the results of our D-galactosamine experiments suggest that regardless of the nature of the insult, BMP4 expression is upregulated. It is tempting to speculate that this finding could explain the high incidence of tumor recurrences following ischemic injury (as occurs with transarterial chemoembolization) and/or systemic chemotherapy by invoking BMP4 activation of chemoresistant cancer stem/progenitor cells or angiogenesis within the tumor tissue.
Intracellular signaling molecules play an important role in cytokine regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. There are two intracellular signaling pathways that mediate BMP4 signal transduction - Smad 1 and ERK1/2. BMP4-activated Smad 1 translocates into the nucleus and recruits the transcription of co-activators cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and p300, which subsequently induce the expression of hepatic differentiation genes in hepatic stem cells [16]. The results of the present study demonstrate that BMP4 induces significant phosphorylation of Smad 1 in Huh-7 cells. The other intracellular signaling pathway of BMP4 is the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. This pathway includes ERK1/2, which mediates cell proliferation and differentiation [17]. FGF-activated ERK1/2 signaling is responsible for initiation of hepatic gene expression related differentiation in embryonic endoderm cells [18]. In the present study we found that in addition to Smad 1 activation, D-galactosamine induced injury of Huh-7 cells also activates ERK1/2 signaling.
Despite the induction of these signaling pathways we did not observe an alteration in either hepatocyte proliferation or differentiation following treatment with exogenous BMP4. The absence of an effect on proliferation is in keeping with results reported by Maegdefrau et al. [8] but contrary to those of Chiu et al. [14]. However, it should be noted that in the latter study, proliferative activity was described as increased but the increase was limited and statistical analyses were applied. Regarding cell differentiation, in the present study BMP4 did not alter albumin or CA19 mRNA expression, reflecting hepatocyte and cholangiocyte differentiation respectively. Perhaps most relevant to this finding is the use of Huh-7 cells which are considered well differentiated and therefore, less likely to undergo further differentiation as opposed to de-differentiation.
In conclusion, the results of this study support the hypothesis that BMP4 is involved in the pathogenesis of HCC. However, the precise role BMP4 plays remains unclear. Given that despite a significant increase in BMP4 expression and signaling, malignant hepatocyte proliferation and differentiation remain unaltered, future studies should focus on the effects of BMP4 on cancer stem/progenitor cells or non-hepatocellular tumor features such as angiogenesis.
This research was supported by the grant (RGPIN/355304-2010) from the Natural Science & Engineering Research Council to Dr. Yuewen Gong and the Graduate Scholarship from the China Scholarship Council to Ms. Xiaotong Wang.
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Deng H, Makizumi R, Ravikumar TS, Dong H, Yang W, et al. (2007) Bone morphogenetic protein-4 is overexpressed in colonic adenocarcinomas and promotes migration and invasion of HCT116 cells. Exp Cell Res 313: 1033-1044. [Crossref]
Deng H, Ravikumar TS, Yang WL (2009) Overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 enhances the invasiveness of Smad4-deficient human colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Lett 281: 220-231. [Crossref]
Thériault BL, Shepherd TG, Mujoomdar ML, Nachtigal MW (2007) BMP4 induces EMT and Rho GTPase activation in human ovarian cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 28: 1153-1162. [Crossref]
Gordon KJ, Kirkbride KC, How T, Blobe GC (2009) Bone morphogenetic proteins induce pancreatic cancer cell invasiveness through a Smad1-dependent mechanism that involves matrix metalloproteinase-2. Carcinogenesis 30: 238-248. [Crossref]
Maegdefrau U, Amann T, Winklmeier A, Braig S, Schubert T, et al. (2009) Bone morphogenetic protein 4 is induced in hepatocellular carcinoma by hypoxia and promotes tumour progression. J Pathol 218: 520-529. [Crossref]
Rothhammer T, Poser I, Soncin F, Bataille F, Moser M, et al. (2005) Bone morphogenic proteins are overexpressed in malignant melanoma and promote cell invasion and migration. Cancer Res 65: 448-456. [Crossref]
Guo X, Xiong L, Zou L, Zhao J (2012) Upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein 4 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 18: 635-640. [Crossref]
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Shen H, Huang G, Hadi M, Choy P, Zhang M, et al. (2003) Transforming growth factor-beta1 downregulation of Smad1 gene expression in rat hepatic stellate cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285: G539-546. [Crossref]
Shen H, Huang GJ, Gong YW (2003) Effect of transforming growth factor beta and bone morphogenetic proteins on rat hepatic stellate cell proliferation and trans-differentiation. World J Gastroenterol 9: 784-787. [Crossref]
Chiu CY, Kuo KK, Kuo TL, Lee KT, Cheng KH (2012) The activation of MEK/ERK signaling pathway by bone morphogenetic protein 4 to increase hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and migration. Mol Cancer Res 10: 415-427. [Crossref]
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Suzuki A, Raya A, Kawakami Y, Morita M, Matsui T, et al. (2006) Nanog binds to Smad1 and blocks bone morphogenetic protein-induced differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103: 10294-10299. [Crossref]
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Masayoshi Yamaguchi
Emory University School of Medicine
Received: January 12, 2015
Accepted: January 26, 2015
©2015 Xiaotong Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Xiaotong Wang, Qingguo Wang, Weisi Kong, Gerald Y. Minuk, Frank J. Burczynski, et al. (2015) Expression and regulation of bone morphogenetic protein 4 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Integr Cancer Sci Therap. 2: DOI: 10.15761/ICST.1000116
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 750 Mc Dermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 0T5, Tel: 1-204-474-9359.
Table 1: Primers and conditions of polymerase chain reaction
Tm (ºC)
Size (bp)
BMP4
5'-CCGGGAAAAGCAACCCAAC-3'
anti-sense
5'-GCCCACGTCACTGAAGTCCA-3'
5'-CTATGCCAAAGTGTTCGAT-3'
5'-CTGGCGTTTTCTCATGCAA-3'
Cytokeratin 19
5'-ACAGCCACTACTACACGACCA-3'
5'-ATGTCGGCCTCCACGCTCA-3'
GAPDH
5'-CAAAGTGGACATTGTTGCCAT-3'
5'-ATACTAGCACCAGCATCACC-3'
β-actin
5'-GCACCACACCTTCTACAATG-3'
5'-TGCTTGCTGATCCACATCTGS-3'


Two women who were a doctor and a pharmaceutical assistant, a police officer and the gunman himself were killed in a shooting at a Chicago hospital.
The gunman had died in an exchange of shots. Officials say the gunman appeared to target a woman with whom he was in a relationship but they do not suggest a motive. The incident occurred at Chicago's Mercy Hospital at 21 GMT. It started in the car park, where The gunman first shot the woman he apparently knew and then headed inside the building, closely followed by several police officers. Mercy Hospital was quickly evacuated. Police flooded the scene near the hospital.They were able to secure the area, ensuring the safety of dozens of patients.
Several streets were shut down and buses were rerouted. Police asked that people avoid area. US media named the doctor killed as Tamara O'Neal. The officer named Samuel Jimenez had died in hospital of his injuries. Almost 13,000 people have been killed by guns so far this year in the US, according to data compiled tracking website Gun Violence Archive. Another 25,000 have been injured and more than 250 police officers have been shot on duty.


Minnesota is the top producer of turkeys in the United States, and Iowa is the top producer of eggs, and that is why it is so alarming that both of these states are right at the heart of this current outbreak.
Things have already gotten so bad that some in the industry are already projecting that this may cause a shortage of turkeys at Thanksgiving.
And if you like to eat eggs, you should expect to start to pay more for them as well. As of now, this pandemic has already wiped out 6 percent of all "layer hens" in this country.
The truly frightening thing is that this bird flu pandemic is coming at a time when the U.S. food supply is already under an unprecedented assault. Just consider some of the things that are currently happening.
More than 40 percent of our fresh produce comes from the state of California, but thanks to the worst multi-year drought in the history of the state much of the region is turning back into a desert.
Also due to the persistent drought, the size of the U.S. cattle herd is now as small as it was during the 1950s, and the price of beef has doubled since the last recession.
Over the past few years, something called "porcine epidemic diarrhea" has wiped out approximately 10 percent of the entire pig population in the United States.
Just off the west coast of the United States, a wide variety of sea creatures are dying in unprecedented numbers. For example, the sardine population along the west coast has dropped by a staggering 91 percent just since 2007.
Down in Florida, citrus greening disease is absolutely crushing the citrus industry. Crops just keep on getting smaller year after year.
There is a disease known as the TR4 fungus that is devastating banana production worldwide. In fact, it has been reported that this fungus could someday completely wipe out the variety of bananas that we commonly eat today.
So why is all of this happening? Please feel free to tell us what you think by posting a comment below.
The post Bird Flu Has Already Killed More Than 20 MILLION Turkeys And Chickens In The United States appeared first on The Economic Collapse.


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Where do you see the killer shopping list?
When it was announced that everyone's favorite Lee Kwang Soo would be returning with The Killer Shopping List in two years' time, to say fans were excited would be to say the least of the century. Fans started frantically searching for where to watch The Killer shopping list long before the drama premiered. In addition, The Killer's Shopping List is a dark comedy-drama with a thrilling mystery story and a thrilling plot. Each episode of the drama has a twist that will make you want more.
Furthermore, The Killer's Shopping List was written by illustrious Han Ji Wan, who has made a name for himself in the action-mystery genre with his previous works like Wanted, The Ghost Detective and Somebody. The series has just the right amount of creepy vibes and comedic moments to make it on your favorite drama list. If you are wondering where to see The Killer's Shopping List, keep reading.
The Killer Shopping List's original broadcast network is tvN. Moreover, The Killer Shopping List does not consist of one favorite fetish but two fans. It stars Lee Kwang Soo (The Voice of Your Heart, Entourage), AOA's Seolhyun (My Country: The New Age, Orange Marmalade), and Jin Hee Kyung (Women Next Door, Fight For My Way) in the lead roles. Moreover, drama has a way of telling gruesome stories of crime and horror while keeping viewers comfortable. The main plot of the shopping list in The Killer revolves around a smart boy named Ahn Dae Sung.
CR KILLER SHOPPING LIST: tvN
Ahn Dae Sung was the light in everyone's eyes because he was so clever that he caught the scrapbooker when he was a young boy. However, something happened to smart and street smart Ahn Dae Sung, leading him to lead an unsuccessful life. Despite being smart as hell, Ahn Dae Sung couldn't pass the easiest civil service exams paper for three years in a row. He decided to quit his studies and help his mother run the supermarket. However, things started to go downhill even for Ahn Dae Sung when a serial killer hit the neighborhood killing young women. And somehow, all steps at the crime scene lead to MS-Mart. Mystery-thriller "The Killer's Shopping List" hits 10:30 p.m. KST on tvN. For international viewers, the timings are 7:30 PM in India, 11:30 PM in Australia, and 8:30 AM in the USA and Canada.
Read also: Who is the real magician behind Netflix's magical drama The Sound Of Magic?
Where is the killer online shopping list broadcast?
Drama is a great addition to the mystery and thriller drama genre. It has all the elements of a perfect dark comedy drama. A small town called Nawoo Dong on the outskirts of Seoul. A supermarket became famous after it caught a boy and his mother's killer. Over the years, the supermarket continued to grow until a rainy day, the body of a little girl was found dumped in the woods. Being the inquisitive cat, Ahn Dae Sung can't help but investigate and reflect on the events that took place.
Although in the eyes of his mother and girlfriend, both strong and successful women, Ahn Dae Sung could do no wrong. The investigating officer has different ideas. And knowing Ahn Dae Sung everything about his clients, from their health conditions to their phone numbers, doesn't help his cause. Not to mention that almost all crime scenes have an MS Part bag located nearby. When suspicion begins to arise, Ahn Dae Sung, his girlfriend and mother take it upon themselves to find the killer. If you are interested in streaming The Killer's shopping list online, you can watch it at Rakuten VickiIt is available with subtitles in different languages.
Also Read: Twenty Five One One Kdrama: 'Choi Hyun Wook' opens up about his role
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text:
Merzak Allouache (; ur. 6 października 1944 w Algierze) – algierski reżyser, scenarzysta i producent filmowy. Uznawany za "najbardziej algierskiego z reżyserów w Algierii", gdyż poświęcił wszystkie swoje filmy kulturze swojego kraju ojczystego.

Jego film Dzielnica Bab El Oued (1994) zdobył Nagrodę FIPRESCI w sekcji "Un Certain Regard" na 47. MFF w Cannes. Komedia Cześć, kuzynie! (1996) z ulubionym aktorem Gadem Elmalehem w roli głównej została oficjalnym algierskim kandydatem do Oscara dla najlepszego filmu nieanglojęzycznego.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Algierscy producenci filmowi
Algierscy reżyserzy filmowi
Algierscy scenarzyści
Ludzie urodzeni w Algierze
Urodzeni w 1944

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Jeffrey Morin is a nationally recognized book artist and dean of the college of Fine Arts and Communication at UW Stevens Point. Jeff's work can be seen in several public collection including: the Victoria and Albert Museum, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Getty Museum, the Library of Congress, and the Cooper-Hewitt Museum. His work with sailorBOYpress focuses on issues of sacredness, humanity's self-destructive impulses, the human body as form, the cultural stigmas associated with AIDS and homosexuality in contemporary society, and his own deep interest in paper and typography.


What is equity theory of motivation?
These self-development articles give you the tips and tricks you need to expand your horizons and continue learning. With this material, you'll have access to all of the information you need to keep up with the current trends in the self-help industry.
So, welcome - and thanks for deciding to check us out today!


Bisphosphonate (BP) is a useful anti-resorptive agent which decreases the risk of osteoporotic fracture by about 50%. However, recent evidences have shown its strong correlation with the occurrence of atypical femoral fracture (AFF). The longer the patient takes BP, the higher the risk of AFF. Also, the higher the drug adherence, the higher the risk of AFF. It is necessary to ask the patients who are taking BP for more than 3 years about the prodromal symptoms such as dull thigh pain. Simple radiography, bone scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are good tools for the diagnosis of AFF. The pre-fracture lesion depicted on the hip dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images should not be missed. BP should be stopped immediately after AFF is diagnosed and calcium and vitamin D (1,000 to 2,000 IU) should be administered. The patient should be advised not to put full weight on the injured limb. Daily subcutaneous injection of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (PTH; 1-34) is recommended if the patient can afford it. Prophylactic femoral nailing is indicated when the dreaded black line is visible in the lateral femoral cortex, especially in the subtrochanteric area.


Today I want us to think about responding to God's call. So I want us to delve deep into our Scripture together.
What were Peter and Andrew and James and John doing when Jesus showed up?
So what does it require to go fishing for a living?
Ok, so here were these fishing folk, minding their own business, and Jesus comes along, and says what?
Fish for people. Is that even a thing? I'm pretty sure Peter and Andrew and James and John had never heard of fishing for people before. There's no map, no guidelines, no job description, no one who has done this before. And here is this guy, this Jesus, asking you to leave your job, your life, and step into the unknown.
What are you going to have to give up?
Where do you start? What do you think it means to fish for people?
Listening to others who have done it before?
When does Jesus want this to happen?
What about finishing up whatever task we are doing right now?
What about our family? What about our friends? What about our responsibilities?
That nothing is as important.
Do we really believe that? Do we hear the call as THAT important. Do we realize the claim Jesus wants to have on our lives?
Maybe he wouldn't say, "fish for people." Although it is a really good metaphor, as we have discovered.
This passage is not meant to scare anyone. It is meant to invite. It is meant to point out that whatever it is that we have done with our lives, Jesus wants to call us into service—with THOSE gifts, with WHATEVER it is we have, or don't have.
Follow me, and I will make you more than you have ever been.
Follow me, and I will make you a part of something that you never even dreamed of.
Follow me, for this is the time, this is the place, you are the people.
That is the good news for this morning. And I want us to respond.


The Björk retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art is an enterprise fifteen years in the making. MoMA's curator-at-large, Klaus Biesenbach, first spawned the idea of a sweeping tribute to the Icelandic singer/visual artist in 2000, but it wasn't until 2012 that the project was actually green-lit. It took an additional three years for several of MoMA's shimmering white exhibition rooms to be transformed into a meandering Björk-maze, chock-full of her memorabilia and iconography.
It hasn't taken long for art critics to universally pan the exhibit, deriding everything from its physical organization (New York called it "a discombobulated mess") to its lack of thematic cohesion (the Guardian said "it's one part Rock and Roll Hall of Fame exercise, one part science lab, one part synesthesia experiment"). The event, which drew swarms of people to its museum-member preview on Saturday and officially opened to the public March 8, promises to transfix the public for the rest of its residency, regardless of whether its contents are worthy of such curiosity. As this weekend's crowds became thicker by the hour, one thing was clear: None of the negative criticism really matters all that much. The event itself isn't about watching Björk's music videos or fawning over her penchant for bizarre dress. It's about her allure and mystery, and our need to understand her artistic motivations — and the fact that we probably never will.
In any case, the first of the three-part charade is composed of the ten-minute MoMA-commissioned short film Black Lake, which spectators watch in a cavelike room composed of 6,000 soundproofing cones. The experience then rolls haphazardly into another darkened movie theater, where zombie-eyed patrons can spend three hours watching Björk's 36 music videos, if they so choose. The culmination of the event is "Songlines," an entangled mess of various display cases that show Björk's music video props, diary entries, and videography.
In theory, "Songlines" intends to be immersive and technologically dynamic. In reality, it just slides lazily through her discography and history as an artist. An intense sound-collage of various cuts from her albums serves as an audio guide, which is supposed to shuttle you through the labyrinthine setting. But the exhibit's narration comes off more as an incongruous puddle of clashing audio files, and lends itself more to bewilderment than any clear sense of order.
Björk has continuously made avant-garde accessible and mainstream. Even at the very beginning of her catalog, with 1993's Debut, elements of disparate genres meld in an eclectic soup of strangeness that's at once jarring and cerebral, but still warm and inviting enough to shy away from intimidation. This kind of framework is what Björk's used throughout seven LPs and more than two decades to propel her caterwauling howls into pop music. Her artistry lends itself to studied listening sessions and ruminations on record production and the lived experience undergirding her poetry, but it doesn't necessarily translate to what we see in her MoMA retrospective. The disconnect between the live exhibit and recorded music was actually the main issue behind why the event took so long to organize. Biesenbach told Rolling Stone that Björk's main gripe was "how do you put music into a frame and how do you put it on a pedestal," which speaks directly to the main challenge the exhibit fails to address.
The Björk retrospective isn't necessarily a disaster, and its attempt to marry audio with a visual storyline is admirable, but really nothing more than an idea hastily and chaotically conveyed. "Songlines" falls epically short of the "groundbreaking" stature that Volkswagen, the exhibit's sponsor, so blindly ascribes to it. In fact, the exhibit reinforces the gulf between audience and display. It's just a shame that Björk's art isn't demystified here, but further convoluted, and that even after this retrospective, we're left with little more than what we knew about Björk before we walked into the MoMA.
Björk's retrospective is on view at MoMA through June 7. For more information, visit moma.org.


Recorded September, 2009 w/ Neil Thomason @ Head Gap Studios // June 2010 w/ Mike Shear @ Caja Diecisiete.
I would never proclaim the realm of 'stoner rock' to be my area of expertise, but I like to think I have an open ear to most types of music. Hotel Wrecking City Traders is a partnership between the brothers Matthews, who gear this band towards loose compositions, spacey atmospheres, and the laid back vibes that give it the label its been introduced to me as. Although this is coming to me under the guise of a full-length, 'Hotel Wrecking City Traders & Gary Arce' is a two track, twenty minute affair that starts and ends before the lasagna's out of the oven. Although I would normally feel disappointed about having such a small slice of music to hear from an artist, 'short and sweet' may have been the best route to go for this band. While HWCT are fine craftsmen of soundscapes, both of these compositions they offer here come off as being painfully dull, with little sense of dramatic build or composition to them.
Calling this 'noisy ambient rock' may be a little awkward, but it's probably the best way I could describe 'Hotel Wrecking City Traders & Gary Arce'. Armed with a guitar and drumkit, the Matthews brothers piece together slow, droning compositions, often improvising upon a set theme. Toby Matthews' guitar work would not sound out of place on a post-rock record, with plenty of reverb and echo to flesh out his noodling. Ben Matthews' drumwork may very well be the more interesting aspect of the band's music, managing to throw a few powerful fills into the generally slow, wandering music. 'Coventina's Cascade' is the more wandering of the two songs on the album, to be sure. It's a generally spacey piece where Toby's sometimes interesting guitar ideas gently drive the piece to nowhere. 'Traverse Of The Oxen' is a more powerful track, and also where the talent of these two musicians comes out most. Ben's drumming sounds like he could be playing for a post-metal band, and the flourishes of Toby's guitar work gets exciting here and there. There are times when the band sounds like they are building up to something climactic, and while those moments got me excited, I was usually let down. To be clear; Hotel Wrecking City Traders give the illusion of a dynamic composition on 'HWCT&GA', but never live up to it.
I may be hard on 'Hotel Wrecking City Traders & Gary Arce', but it is clear to me that this pair of musicians have a good chemistry together. A greater sense of composition and focus is needed to create a memorable music experience, however. The noisy, wandering approach of this music will appeal to some, but I am not feeling it.
Post a review of HOTEL WRECKING CITY TRADERS "Hotel Wrecking City Traders & Gary Arce"


Avi-8 Japanese automatic Dial color Blue Watch # AV-4040-03 (Men Watch). Band Color : Blue. Band Material : Calfskin. Band Width : 24 millimetres. BandLength : Men Standard. Bezel Function : Stationary. Bezel Material : Stainless Steel. Calendar Type : Date. Case Material : Stainless Steel. Case Size Diameter : 47 millimetres. Case Size Thickness : 11 millimetres. Clasp Type : Buckle. Crystal : Mineral. Dial Color : Blue. Display Type : Analog. Item Shape : Round Shape. Model Number:AV-4040-03 AV-4040-0 AV-4040- AV-4040. Movement Type : Japanese automatic. Water Resistant Depth : 50 meters.


AC Milan have continued to hold talks with Watford for Gerard Deulofeu,but have also identified an alternative target.
The Spanish winger, who had a short loan stint at AC Milan in 2017, has emerged as the top target for the Rossoneri in the last stretch of the January transfer window.
The 24-year-old is open to a move back to AC Milan, but Watford have not been willing sellers and have taken a tough stance on the interest from the Rossoneri.
They have made it clear that they will only allow Deulofeu to leave if AC Milan agree to sign him on loan with a mandatory purchase option attached with the agreement.
AC Milan have continued to be in touch with Watford, but according to Italian daily Gazzetta dello Sport, they are also putting in contingency plans if they fail to sign the Spaniard.
They are aware of the difficulties of pulling off the Deulofeu deal and have identified Rennes winger Ismaila Sarr as a possible target.
The 20-year-old has scored nine goals and provided six assists this season for Rennes and has shot up on the shortlist of several clubs, including AC Milan.
But Deulofeu remains their top target and the club are still keen to sign the Spaniard at the moment.


text:
Złota Trójka 1982–2006 – kolejna z serii wydanych składanek z utworami z Listy Przebojów Programu Trzeciego. Kompilacja zawiera 5. płyt. Każda z nich odpowiada określonemu odcinkowi historii Listy. Całość była dodatkiem do kolekcji 25 lat Listy Przebojów Trójki 1982–2006.

Lista płyt

1982-1986
 Queen – "Radio Ga Ga"
 Maanam – "To tylko tango"
 Chris Rea – "On the Beach"
 Lady Pank – "Kryzysowa narzeczona"
 Eurythmics – "Here Comes the Rain Again"
 Republika – "Śmierć w bikini"
 Daryl Hall & John Oates – "Maneater"
 Lombard – "Adriatyk, ocean gorący"
 Martyna Jakubowicz – "W domach z betonu nie ma wolnej miłości"
 Roxy Music – "Avalon"
 Budka Suflera – "Jolka, Jolka pamiętasz"
 Dionne Warwick – "Heartbreaker"
 Mr. Z'oob – "Mój jest ten kawałek podłogi"
 Deep Purple – "Perfect Strangers"
 Perfect – "Idź precz"

1987-1991
 Queen – "The Show Must Go On"
 Tina Turner – "Break Every Rule"
 Obywatel G.C. – "Tak... tak... to ja"
 Beverley Craven – "Promise Me"
 Robert Palmer – "Mercy Mercy Me / I Want You (Medley)"
 Sztywny Pal Azji – "Spotkanie z..."
 Richard Marx – "Right Here Waiting"
 Roxette – "It Must Have Been Love"
 Tilt – "Jeszcze będzie przepięknie"
 Belinda Carlisle – "La Luna"
 Lady Pank – "Tacy sami"
 Suzanne Vega & DNA - "Tom's Diner"
 Róże Europy – "Stańcie przed lustrami"
 Enigma – "Sadeness (part 1)"

1992-1996
 Freddie Mercury – "Living on My Own"
 Edyta Górniak – "To nie ja"
 George Michael – "Jesus to a Child"
 Varius Manx – "Piosenka księżycowa"
 Mike & The Mechanics – "Over My Shoulder"
 Hey – "Teksański"
 Paul McCartney – "Hope of Deliverance"
 Grzegorz z Ciechowa – "Piejo kury piejo"
 Annie Lennox – "Why"
 Robert Gawliński – "O sobie samym"
 Richard Marx – "Hazard"
 T.Love – "Bóg"
 Jon Secada – "Just Another Day"
 Atrakcyjny Kazimierz – "Jako mąż i nie mąż"

1997-2001
 Robbie Williams – "Supreme"
 Kayah & Goran Bregović – "Prawy do lewego"
 Carlos Santana & Mana – "Corazon Espinado"
 Budka Suflera – "Takie tango"
 Natalie Imbruglia – "Torn"
 Myslovitz – "Dla Ciebie"
 Coldplay – "Yellow"
 Republika – "Raz na milion lat"
 Eurythmics – "I Saved the World Today"
 Yugoton & Kasia Nosowska & Paweł Kukiz – "Rzadko Cię widuję z dziewczętami"
 Joe Cocker – "Tonight"
 Justyna Steczkowska – "Za dużo wiesz"
 George Michael – "Older"
 Anita Lipnicka – "Mosty"

2002-2006
 Freddie Mercury – "Love Kills" (Star Rider remix)
 Wilki – "Baśka"
 Coldplay – "Fix You"
 Blur – "Out of Time"
 Ania Dąbrowska – "Tego chciałam"
 Robbie Williams – "Feel"
 Asian Dub Foundation & Sinéad O'Connor – "1000 Mirrors"
 T.Love – "Gnijący świat"
 Air – "Cherry Blossom Girl"
 Joe Cocker – "Never Tear Us Apart"
 Goya – "Mój"
 Stereophonics – "Dakota"
 Myslovitz – "Chciałbym umrzeć z miłości"
 Placebo – "English Summer Rain"

Zobacz też
 5-ka Listy Przebojów Trójki
 Top Rock – przeboje Trójki
 Lista przebojów Programu III 1982–1998
 25 lat Listy Przebojów Trójki 1982–2006
 Lista Przebojów Programu Trzeciego – prezentuje Piotr Baron
 30 lat Listy Przebojów Trójki 2007–2011
 Perły z Listy Przebojów Programu Trzeciego

Linki zewnętrzne

Lista Przebojów Programu Trzeciego
Albumy kompilacyjne
Albumy muzyczne wydane w roku 2007


text:
Today's Wordle Answer #564 - January 4, 2022 Solution And Hints
Tada Images/Shutterstock
By Keyede Erinfolami/Jan. 4, 2023 12:01 am EST
Today's answer is something you'd figuratively peel back while solving each Wordle puzzle. If you're familiar with poultry farming, you'd know the word as the name of the "golden hen," the money makers. It took us all six attempts to solve for the answer, even though we already had three green tiles on the third try. To give you a head-start, we'll supply clues that'll hopefully help you finish faster than we did. If you prefer to cut to the chase, you can skip to the second section where we do a full reveal of the answer, no teasers.
The word you're looking for is a noun, but it can also double as a verb depending on context. It has two vowels, "A" and "E," as its second and fourth letters, respectively. There are no repeating letters, and it's a near-rhyme with the word "surveyor." The word describes a stratum of something under or above which there's another — onions have a lot of these, and so do people.
If you replaced the third letter of the answer word with "G," you'd have the name of the kind of beer that's most widely consumed in the world. You could also swap the third letter of the answer word with "S" to get the name of a machine that emits intense, monochromatic light beams. If you added the "S" to the beginning of the word, you'd get the slang term for an Instagram "baddie."
Add a 'P,' and you'd have a Casanova
Tom Merton/Getty Images
If you haven't cracked the code yet, the word you're looking for is "layer." Figuratively, you might say you need to peel a complex issue back layer by layer to get to the root of it, and those agricultural references aren't a mere coincidence. In farming, apart from a hen that lays eggs, a layer also refers to a branch or shoot of a plant that forms roots while still attached to the parent plant (via Merriam-Webster).
According to Etymonline, the word layer is an agent noun derived from the root word "lay," which traces back to Old English "lecgan," meaning to place something on the ground (or other surface) in an orderly fashion. "Lecgan" itself is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root "legh-," or to lie down.
If you've seen the "Knives Out" sequel, "Glass Onion," you might remember Benoit Blanc's usage of the word in his insightful remark about the actual Glass Onion structure in the film: "An object that seems densely layered, but in reality, the center is in plain sight."


I wrote an article not long ago about how moms can work from home. This is an updated, shorter version that goes over three tried and tested ways for anybody to work from home, especially in the Middle East.
I also discussed them on LBC's Bte7la el Hayet show last Friday, but I wanted to lay them out here for everyone to properly go over, and hopefully try out.
I'm surprised at how very few people know about this. There are many websites that allow you to sign up and apply for contracts anywhere in the world.
You literally can become a virtual anything; a virtual assistant, a virtual stylist, a virtual consultant, a virtual graphic designer, and the list goes on.
My personal favorite site is www.upwork.com. Simply create a profile detailing your skills and wait for Upwork to review your submission. Once accepted, you can start applying for contracts, either hourly work, or project based. I strongly suggest to make your skills as diversified as possible so that Upwork verifies your profile more easily.
Another useful website is remoteworkhub.com. I really like this one as you only find serious offers from solid employers.
The site will create a page for you, entitled 'school of yourname' and you can upload all your courses on it, while selecting your rate. Then anyone in the world can sign up to your courses whenever they want, and you cash in!
It's no secret that people started doing this a while back. There's no longer a need for a physical store, let alone a website.
Go to Instagram or Facebook, upload a really clear profile picture, ideally depicting what you're selling, with a descriptive bio and start uploading images of the items you intent to sell.
It may take time, solid PR, but with time you're bound to make sales. All that from the comfort of your home!
I sincerely hope from the bottom of my heart that these tips prove useful to anyone wishing to start working from home. Keep in mind this isn't easy by any means; it takes time, perseverance, and absolute determination but it's definitely doable.
Please feel free to message me and let me know how your endeavors go!


text:
Papa Wemba (1949-2016)
Papa Wemba (2009). Picture by Radio Okapi. Creative Commons License
Alternative first name spellings: Jules Shungu Wembadio Pene Kikumba
Alias: King of Rumba Rock
Description: Papa Wemba was a Congolese musician and singer. He is one of the most prominent musicians of the African continent and in World music style. He had a great impact on later African musicians and artists. He was the leader of the band "Viva la Vida", with which he recorded more than 35 albums. His music was characterized by free rhythm and African ethnic influences. Papa composed the original soundtracks of three films: "Identity Pieces", "Macadam tribe", and "Life is Beautiful".
Sex: Male Occupation: Singer and composer
Place of Birth / Death: Lubefu, Democratic Republic of Congo. / Abidjan, Ivory Coast Country Tags: Democratic Republic of Congo.
Periods: XX-XXI Century Genres: Instrumental music, vocal music, dance music, nationalism music.
Styles: Soukous, Ethnic, Folk, Traditional, World Music. Group: –
Instruments: Voice Relatives: –
Papa Wemba in Allmusic: https://www.allmusic.com/artist/papa-wemba-mn0000010299 – [18/02/2020].
Papa Wemba in Discogs: https://www.discogs.com/es/artist/132739-Papa-Wemba – [18/02/2020].
Papa Wemba in Encyclopedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Papa-Wemba – [18/02/2020].
Papa Wemba in Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/6a4cdntqTPN10fph5A8zRQ – [18/02/2020].
"Who is Papa Wemba?", in Africanews.com: https://www.africanews.com/2017/04/24/who-is-papa-wemba/ – [18/02/2020].
Wikipedia.org: Papa Wemba: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Wemba – [18/02/2020].
Beltrando-Patier, Marie-Claire y otros (1996). Historia de la música. Espasa Calpe
Bohlman, Philip V (2002). World Music. OUP Oxford.
Rodman, Sarah (2007). A true cultural ambassador. The Boston Globe.
Shepherd, J., ed. (2003). Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World. New York: Continuum.
Stone, Ruth M., ed (2008). The Garland Handbook of African Music. New York: Routledge.
Stone, Ruth M., ed (2013). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. New York: Routledge.


text:
package edu.gemini.shared.ca.weather;

import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.font.FontRenderContext;
import java.awt.font.GlyphVector;
import java.awt.geom.Line2D;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;

import javax.swing.JPanel;

public class Hygrometer extends JPanel {

	private Double humidity;

	private double HEIGHT = 30;

	public Hygrometer() {
		setPreferredSize(new Dimension(200, (int) HEIGHT));
		setFont(getFont().deriveFont(8.0f));
	}

	public Double getHumidity() {
		return humidity;
	}

	public void setHumidity(Double humidity) {
		this.humidity = humidity;
		repaint();
	}

	public void paint(Graphics g) {
		super.paint(g);

		Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
		g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
		g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);

		double xscale = getWidth() / 100.0;

		Rectangle2D.Double rect = new Rectangle2D.Double(0, 0, 100 * xscale - 1, 10);

		g2d.setStroke(new BasicStroke(0.7f));

		g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE);
		g2d.fill(rect);

		g2d.setColor(Color.DARK_GRAY);
		g2d.draw(rect);

		if (humidity != null) {
			Rectangle2D.Double hrect = new Rectangle2D.Double(2, 3, humidity.doubleValue() * xscale - 1, 5);
			g2d.setColor(new Color(150, 150, 255));
			g2d.fill(hrect);
		}

		for (int i = 10; i < 100; i+= 10) {
			g2d.setColor(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);
			g2d.draw(new Line2D.Double(i * xscale, 1, i * xscale, 9));

			g2d.setColor(Color.BLACK);

			FontRenderContext frc = g2d.getFontRenderContext();
			GlyphVector gv = g2d.getFont().createGlyphVector(frc, Integer.toString(i));

			g2d.drawGlyphVector(gv, i * (float) xscale - (float) gv.getOutline().getBounds2D().getWidth() / 2, 10 + 4 + getFont().getSize2D());

		}

	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub