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Policing Problem Places: Crime Hot Spots and Effective Prevention
Anthony A. Braga and David L. Weisburd
Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
In this book, Anthony A. Braga and David L. Weisburd make the case that hot spots policing is an effective approach to crime prevention that should be engaged by police departments in the United ... More
In this book, Anthony A. Braga and David L. Weisburd make the case that hot spots policing is an effective approach to crime prevention that should be engaged by police departments in the United States and other countries. There is a strong and growing body of rigorous scientific evidence that the police can control crime hot spots without simply displacing crime problems to other places. Indeed, putting police officers in high crime locations is an old and well‐established idea. However, the age and popularity of this idea does not necessarily mean that it is being done properly. Police officers should strive to use problem‐oriented policing and situational crime prevention techniques to address the place dynamics, situations, and characteristics that cause a "spot" to be "hot." Braga and Weisburd further suggest that the strategies used to police problem places can have more or less desirable effects on police‐community relations. Particularly in minority neighborhoods where residents have long suffered from elevated crime problems and historically poor police service, police officers should make an effort to develop positive and collaborative relationships with residents and not engage strategies that will undermine the legitimacy of police agencies, such as indiscriminant enforcement tactics. This book argues that it is time for police departments to shift away from a focus on catching criminal offenders and move towards dealing with crime at problem places as a central crime prevention strategy.Less
Policing Problem Places : Crime Hot Spots and Effective Prevention
Anthony A. BragaDavid L. Weisburd
In this book, Anthony A. Braga and David L. Weisburd make the case that hot spots policing is an effective approach to crime prevention that should be engaged by police departments in the United States and other countries. There is a strong and growing body of rigorous scientific evidence that the police can control crime hot spots without simply displacing crime problems to other places. Indeed, putting police officers in high crime locations is an old and well‐established idea. However, the age and popularity of this idea does not necessarily mean that it is being done properly. Police officers should strive to use problem‐oriented policing and situational crime prevention techniques to address the place dynamics, situations, and characteristics that cause a "spot" to be "hot." Braga and Weisburd further suggest that the strategies used to police problem places can have more or less desirable effects on police‐community relations. Particularly in minority neighborhoods where residents have long suffered from elevated crime problems and historically poor police service, police officers should make an effort to develop positive and collaborative relationships with residents and not engage strategies that will undermine the legitimacy of police agencies, such as indiscriminant enforcement tactics. This book argues that it is time for police departments to shift away from a focus on catching criminal offenders and move towards dealing with crime at problem places as a central crime prevention strategy.
Keywords: police, crime prevention, hot spots, crime places, evidence‐based crime policy, legitimacy
The Philosophy of Criminal Law: Selected Essays
Douglas Husak
Law, Philosophy of Law
Husak reprints 15 of his earlier essays in the philosophy of criminal law (and add two previously unpublished pieces) collected from philosophy journals, law reviews, and book chapters. These ... More
Husak reprints 15 of his earlier essays in the philosophy of criminal law (and add two previously unpublished pieces) collected from philosophy journals, law reviews, and book chapters. These articles cover a broad range of topics about the nature of penal liability, criminal law culpability, defences, and the justification of punishment. Together, these essays present a desert-based analysis of issues in criminal theory that resist the consequentialist approach more familiar among legal scholars. The author's foremost concern is to ensure that the principles and doctrines of the criminal law preserve justice and do not sacrifice individuals for the common welfare. Although Husak draws equally from existing criminal law and contemporary moral and political philosophy, readers need neither a Ph.D. in philosophy nor a J.D. in law to understand and assess his essays.Less
The Philosophy of Criminal Law : Selected Essays
Husak reprints 15 of his earlier essays in the philosophy of criminal law (and add two previously unpublished pieces) collected from philosophy journals, law reviews, and book chapters. These articles cover a broad range of topics about the nature of penal liability, criminal law culpability, defences, and the justification of punishment. Together, these essays present a desert-based analysis of issues in criminal theory that resist the consequentialist approach more familiar among legal scholars. The author's foremost concern is to ensure that the principles and doctrines of the criminal law preserve justice and do not sacrifice individuals for the common welfare. Although Husak draws equally from existing criminal law and contemporary moral and political philosophy, readers need neither a Ph.D. in philosophy nor a J.D. in law to understand and assess his essays.
Keywords: crime, punishment, blame, justice, desert, culpability, defences, sentencing
Truancy Prevention and Intervention: A Practical Guide
Lynn Bye, Michelle E. Alvarez, Janet Haynes, and Cindy E. Sweigart
Social Work, Children and Families
Research has shown that truancy is frequently associated with juvenile crime and dropping out of school altogether. With the high dropout rate in the U.S. and the No Child Left Behind Act holding ... More
Research has shown that truancy is frequently associated with juvenile crime and dropping out of school altogether. With the high dropout rate in the U.S. and the No Child Left Behind Act holding schools accountable for their dropout rates, it is essential for school social workers to contribute to their schools' improvement plan in meeting annual yearly progress benchmarks. This book covers best practices in truancy at the community, school, and student/family levels of interventions. It provides a reference guide to research-based programs and truancy program implementation. Beginning with an introduction to the essentials of truancy, its causes and consequences, and state and federal legislation, the authors then give readers a snapshot of what research has shown to work so far and what adaptations might look like in various school settings. Richly detailed case examples illustrate multiple levels of intervention, from the school-wide prevention and general policy levels, to remedial interventions, including culturally competent approaches.Less
Truancy Prevention and Intervention : A Practical Guide
Lynn ByeMichelle E. AlvarezJanet HaynesCindy E. Sweigart
Research has shown that truancy is frequently associated with juvenile crime and dropping out of school altogether. With the high dropout rate in the U.S. and the No Child Left Behind Act holding schools accountable for their dropout rates, it is essential for school social workers to contribute to their schools' improvement plan in meeting annual yearly progress benchmarks. This book covers best practices in truancy at the community, school, and student/family levels of interventions. It provides a reference guide to research-based programs and truancy program implementation. Beginning with an introduction to the essentials of truancy, its causes and consequences, and state and federal legislation, the authors then give readers a snapshot of what research has shown to work so far and what adaptations might look like in various school settings. Richly detailed case examples illustrate multiple levels of intervention, from the school-wide prevention and general policy levels, to remedial interventions, including culturally competent approaches.
Keywords: truancy, juvenile crime, education, dropout rate
Making Public Places Safer: Surveillance and Crime Prevention
Brandon C. Welsh and David P. Farrington
Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
The United Kingdom has more than 4.2 million public closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras—one for every fourteen citizens. Across the United States, hundreds of video-surveillance systems are ... More
The United Kingdom has more than 4.2 million public closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras—one for every fourteen citizens. Across the United States, hundreds of video-surveillance systems are being installed in town centers, public transportation facilities, and schools at a cost exceeding $100 million annually, and now other Western countries have begun to experiment with CCTV to prevent crime in public places. In light of this expansion and the associated public expenditure, as well as pressing concerns about privacy rights, there is an acute need for an evidence-based approach to inform policy and practice. This book assesses the effectiveness and social costs of not only CCTV, but also other surveillance methods to prevent crime in public space, such as improved street lighting, security guards, place managers, and defensible space. It goes beyond the question of "Does it work?" and examines the specific conditions and contexts under which these methods may have an effect on crime as well as the mechanisms that bring about a reduction in crime. At a time when cities need cost-effective methods to fight crime and the public gradually awakens to the burdens of sacrificing their privacy and civil rights for security, the authors provide this guide to the most effective and non-invasive uses of surveillance to make public places safer from crime.Less
Making Public Places Safer : Surveillance and Crime Prevention
Brandon C. WelshDavid P. Farrington
The United Kingdom has more than 4.2 million public closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras—one for every fourteen citizens. Across the United States, hundreds of video-surveillance systems are being installed in town centers, public transportation facilities, and schools at a cost exceeding $100 million annually, and now other Western countries have begun to experiment with CCTV to prevent crime in public places. In light of this expansion and the associated public expenditure, as well as pressing concerns about privacy rights, there is an acute need for an evidence-based approach to inform policy and practice. This book assesses the effectiveness and social costs of not only CCTV, but also other surveillance methods to prevent crime in public space, such as improved street lighting, security guards, place managers, and defensible space. It goes beyond the question of "Does it work?" and examines the specific conditions and contexts under which these methods may have an effect on crime as well as the mechanisms that bring about a reduction in crime. At a time when cities need cost-effective methods to fight crime and the public gradually awakens to the burdens of sacrificing their privacy and civil rights for security, the authors provide this guide to the most effective and non-invasive uses of surveillance to make public places safer from crime.
Keywords: CCTV cameras, video-surveillance systems, privacy rights, public space, street lighting, security guards, place managers, defensible space, surveillance methods, crime
Joined-Up Government
Vernon Bogdanor (ed.)
Political Science, UK Politics
Drawing together work presented at a conference held at the British Academy, this book provides a broad overview of one of the most significant aspects of modern government. Joined-up government is a ... More
Drawing together work presented at a conference held at the British Academy, this book provides a broad overview of one of the most significant aspects of modern government. Joined-up government is a key theme of modern government. The Labour government, first elected in 1997, decided that intractable problems such as social exclusion, drug addiction and crime could not be resolved by any single department of government. Instead, such problems had to be made the object of a concerted attack using all the arms of government — central and local government and public agencies, as well as the private and voluntary sectors. This book seeks to analyse 'joined-up government', to consider its history, and to evaluate its consequences for British institutions such as the Cabinet, the civil service and local authorities. Is joined-up government a new idea, or merely a new label for a very old idea? What lessons can be learnt from previous attempts at joined-up government? How does it affect our traditional constitutional conceptions relating to Cabinet government, a politically neutral and non-partisan civil service, and an independent system of local government? Will it lead to the concentration of power in 10 Downing Street or is it compatible with a political system based on checks and balances?Less
Drawing together work presented at a conference held at the British Academy, this book provides a broad overview of one of the most significant aspects of modern government. Joined-up government is a key theme of modern government. The Labour government, first elected in 1997, decided that intractable problems such as social exclusion, drug addiction and crime could not be resolved by any single department of government. Instead, such problems had to be made the object of a concerted attack using all the arms of government — central and local government and public agencies, as well as the private and voluntary sectors. This book seeks to analyse 'joined-up government', to consider its history, and to evaluate its consequences for British institutions such as the Cabinet, the civil service and local authorities. Is joined-up government a new idea, or merely a new label for a very old idea? What lessons can be learnt from previous attempts at joined-up government? How does it affect our traditional constitutional conceptions relating to Cabinet government, a politically neutral and non-partisan civil service, and an independent system of local government? Will it lead to the concentration of power in 10 Downing Street or is it compatible with a political system based on checks and balances?
Keywords: British Academy, joined-up government, modern government, Labour government, social exclusion, drug addiction, crime, public agencies, private sector, voluntary sector
Childhood Victimization: Violence, Crime, and Abuse in the Lives of Young People
David Finkelhor
Social Work, Children and Families, Crime and Justice
This book presents a vision of childhood victimization, one that unifies the conventional subdivisions like child molestation, child abuse, street crime, bullying, and exposure to community violence. ... More
This book presents a vision of childhood victimization, one that unifies the conventional subdivisions like child molestation, child abuse, street crime, bullying, and exposure to community violence. It shows how children are the most criminally victimized segment of the population, with over one-in-five facing multiple, serious "poly-victimizations" during a single year. Developmental Victimology, the book's term for this new integrative perspective, looks at how victimization changes across the span of childhood and offers insights about how to categorize juvenile victimizations and how to think about risk and impact developmentally. It presents new data about unexpected declines in childhood victimization during the 1990s and early 2000s and suggest some of the reasons for this drop. The book also provides a new model of society's response to child victimization — the Juvenile Victim Justice System — and a fresh way of thinking about barriers that victims and their families encounter when seeking help.Less
Childhood Victimization : Violence, Crime, and Abuse in the Lives of Young People
This book presents a vision of childhood victimization, one that unifies the conventional subdivisions like child molestation, child abuse, street crime, bullying, and exposure to community violence. It shows how children are the most criminally victimized segment of the population, with over one-in-five facing multiple, serious "poly-victimizations" during a single year. Developmental Victimology, the book's term for this new integrative perspective, looks at how victimization changes across the span of childhood and offers insights about how to categorize juvenile victimizations and how to think about risk and impact developmentally. It presents new data about unexpected declines in childhood victimization during the 1990s and early 2000s and suggest some of the reasons for this drop. The book also provides a new model of society's response to child victimization — the Juvenile Victim Justice System — and a fresh way of thinking about barriers that victims and their families encounter when seeking help.
Keywords: bullying, crime, child abuse, street crime, child maltreatment, peer victimization, community violence, sexual abuse, poly-victimizations, Developmental Victimology
Complementarity in the Rome Statute and National Criminal Jurisdictions
Jann K. Kleffner
Law, Public International Law
The book examines the principle of complementarity in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and the implications of that principle for the suppression of genocide, crimes against ... More
The book examines the principle of complementarity in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and the implications of that principle for the suppression of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes on the domestic level. The book is set against the general background of the national suppression of these crimes, its potential and pitfalls. It traces the evolution of complementarity as a principle governing the allocation of the respective competences of the ICC and national criminal jurisdictions, and its translation into one of the central requirements for the admissibility of situations and cases before the ICC. It provides a critical and comprehensive analysis of the provisions in the Rome Statute and the Rules of Procedure and Evidence relevant to complementarity. In so doing, it addresses the notions of 'unwillingness' and 'inability', and the procedural framework for the application, invocation, and litigation of questions of admissibility. The early practice of the ICC in operationalizing complementarity is also considered. The book further devotes attention to the question whether and to what extent the Rome Statute in general, and the regulation of complementarity in particular, imposes on States Parties an obligation to investigate and prosecute core crimes domestically. In that context, it analyses the room for States to opt for substitutes of criminal proceedings, such as truth commission processes and the granting of amnesties. Finally, the book examines the potential of the complementary regime to function as a catalyst for States to conduct domestic criminal proceedings vis-à-vis core crimes.Less
The book examines the principle of complementarity in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and the implications of that principle for the suppression of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes on the domestic level. The book is set against the general background of the national suppression of these crimes, its potential and pitfalls. It traces the evolution of complementarity as a principle governing the allocation of the respective competences of the ICC and national criminal jurisdictions, and its translation into one of the central requirements for the admissibility of situations and cases before the ICC. It provides a critical and comprehensive analysis of the provisions in the Rome Statute and the Rules of Procedure and Evidence relevant to complementarity. In so doing, it addresses the notions of 'unwillingness' and 'inability', and the procedural framework for the application, invocation, and litigation of questions of admissibility. The early practice of the ICC in operationalizing complementarity is also considered. The book further devotes attention to the question whether and to what extent the Rome Statute in general, and the regulation of complementarity in particular, imposes on States Parties an obligation to investigate and prosecute core crimes domestically. In that context, it analyses the room for States to opt for substitutes of criminal proceedings, such as truth commission processes and the granting of amnesties. Finally, the book examines the potential of the complementary regime to function as a catalyst for States to conduct domestic criminal proceedings vis-à-vis core crimes.
Keywords: International Criminal Court, national criminal jurisdictions, admissibility, complementarity, suppression of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, inability, core crimes, compliance
Patricia Owens
in Between War and Politics: International Relations and the Thought of Hannah Arendt
Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
Arendt's apparent exclusion of violence from politics — her definitionally-enforced distinction — actually linked politics and war together in a historically and conceptually rich relationship. She ... More
Arendt's apparent exclusion of violence from politics — her definitionally-enforced distinction — actually linked politics and war together in a historically and conceptually rich relationship. She criticized the dominant Western traditions of social and political thought for borrowing their models of politics from the realm of organised violence, of command and obedience. But it is her political thought that is deeply influenced by the enduring significance of war. It may be necessary now, more than ever, to learn how to think with Arendt, a time that has delivered us moral and political catastrophes, which while not exceeding her day, strongly resemble and are directly linked to those she directly confronted. Postcolonial conflicts, revolutions and occupations, wars of annihilation and crimes against humanity, anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, and accusations of Islamo-fascism — these are among the social forces relating and separating peoples and states through organised violence.Less
Arendt's apparent exclusion of violence from politics — her definitionally-enforced distinction — actually linked politics and war together in a historically and conceptually rich relationship. She criticized the dominant Western traditions of social and political thought for borrowing their models of politics from the realm of organised violence, of command and obedience. But it is her political thought that is deeply influenced by the enduring significance of war. It may be necessary now, more than ever, to learn how to think with Arendt, a time that has delivered us moral and political catastrophes, which while not exceeding her day, strongly resemble and are directly linked to those she directly confronted. Postcolonial conflicts, revolutions and occupations, wars of annihilation and crimes against humanity, anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, and accusations of Islamo-fascism — these are among the social forces relating and separating peoples and states through organised violence.
Keywords: Arendt, postcolonial violence, occupation, genocide, crimes against humanity, anti-Semitism, Islamophobia
Economic Organizations and Corporate Governance in Japan
Curtis J. Milhaupt and Mark D. West
Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
Using an institutional and empirical approach, this book analyses the role of formal rules (law and regulations) and informal rules (norms, practices, and shared beliefs) in the Japanese economy. ... More
Using an institutional and empirical approach, this book analyses the role of formal rules (law and regulations) and informal rules (norms, practices, and shared beliefs) in the Japanese economy. Through in‐depth studies of corporate governance and finance, mergers and acquisitions, financial regulation, organized crime, and markets for everything from venture capital to legal talent, Professors Milhaupt and West show that institutions play a crucial and heretofore overlooked role in the structure of the Japanese economy, which often is portrayed as being governed exclusively by interpersonal relations and bureaucratic fiat. As these rules change, Japanese actors are responding, reshaping corporate governance and financial markets, while eroding the bureaucracy's power.Less
Curtis J. MilhauptMark D. West
Using an institutional and empirical approach, this book analyses the role of formal rules (law and regulations) and informal rules (norms, practices, and shared beliefs) in the Japanese economy. Through in‐depth studies of corporate governance and finance, mergers and acquisitions, financial regulation, organized crime, and markets for everything from venture capital to legal talent, Professors Milhaupt and West show that institutions play a crucial and heretofore overlooked role in the structure of the Japanese economy, which often is portrayed as being governed exclusively by interpersonal relations and bureaucratic fiat. As these rules change, Japanese actors are responding, reshaping corporate governance and financial markets, while eroding the bureaucracy's power.
Keywords: bureaucracy, corporate governance, economy, empirical, informal institutions, Japan, law, markets, organized crime, regulation, rules, venture capital
Police and Community in Chicago: A Tale of Three Cities
Wesley G. Skogan
Highly popular with both the public and political leaders, community policing is the most important development in law enforcement in the last twenty-five years. But does it really work? Can police ... More
Highly popular with both the public and political leaders, community policing is the most important development in law enforcement in the last twenty-five years. But does it really work? Can police departments fundamentally change their organization? Can neighborhood problems be solved? In the early 1990s, Chicago, the nation's third-largest city, instituted the nation's largest community policing initiative. This book provides a comprehensive evaluation of that citywide program, examining its impact on crime, neighborhood residents, and the police. Based on the results of a thirteen-year study, including interviews, citywide surveys, and sophisticated statistical analyses, it reveals a city divided among African Americans, whites, and Latinos. By looking at the varying effects community policing had on each of these groups, the book provides an analysis of what works and why. As the use of community policing increases and issues related to race and immigration become more pressing, it will serve the needs of an increasing amount of students, scholars, and professionals interested in the most effective and harmonious means of keeping communities safe.Less
Police and Community in Chicago : A Tale of Three Cities
Highly popular with both the public and political leaders, community policing is the most important development in law enforcement in the last twenty-five years. But does it really work? Can police departments fundamentally change their organization? Can neighborhood problems be solved? In the early 1990s, Chicago, the nation's third-largest city, instituted the nation's largest community policing initiative. This book provides a comprehensive evaluation of that citywide program, examining its impact on crime, neighborhood residents, and the police. Based on the results of a thirteen-year study, including interviews, citywide surveys, and sophisticated statistical analyses, it reveals a city divided among African Americans, whites, and Latinos. By looking at the varying effects community policing had on each of these groups, the book provides an analysis of what works and why. As the use of community policing increases and issues related to race and immigration become more pressing, it will serve the needs of an increasing amount of students, scholars, and professionals interested in the most effective and harmonious means of keeping communities safe.
Keywords: community policing, law enforcement, police departments, neighborhood problems, Chicago, crime, race, immigration, keeping communities safe, police
Policing Delhi: Urbanization, Crime, and Law Enforcement
Om Prakash Mishra
Set against the backdrop of the capital's history, culture, and socio-political scenario, this is a full-length study of the connection between rapid urbanization, rising crime, and law enforcement ... More
Set against the backdrop of the capital's history, culture, and socio-political scenario, this is a full-length study of the connection between rapid urbanization, rising crime, and law enforcement in Delhi. Providing an insider's account of the evolution of policing in Delhi since the mid-19th century, the book closely looks at the patterns of policing in the 'seven cities of Delhi'. From infrastructure constraints and related crime, crime against women and juveniles, terrorism to technology, the typology of criminals, and its trends in the process of the growth of the metropolis—the analyses demonstrates Delhi's uniqueness as a metropolis and the attendant challenges. Aside from presenting different methods the Delhi police adopt to prevent crime, this book attempts to evaluate the successes and failures of these methods. While the rich historical records, statistical data, maps, and empirical surveys and observations brought together for the first time provide a wealth of additional information, the bibliography offers suggestions for the interested reader. Focusing on the challenges posed by over-urbanization and the changes in policing to counter them, the book draws out valuable lessons applicable in various degrees in other Indian cities.Less
Policing Delhi : Urbanization, Crime, and Law Enforcement
Set against the backdrop of the capital's history, culture, and socio-political scenario, this is a full-length study of the connection between rapid urbanization, rising crime, and law enforcement in Delhi. Providing an insider's account of the evolution of policing in Delhi since the mid-19th century, the book closely looks at the patterns of policing in the 'seven cities of Delhi'. From infrastructure constraints and related crime, crime against women and juveniles, terrorism to technology, the typology of criminals, and its trends in the process of the growth of the metropolis—the analyses demonstrates Delhi's uniqueness as a metropolis and the attendant challenges. Aside from presenting different methods the Delhi police adopt to prevent crime, this book attempts to evaluate the successes and failures of these methods. While the rich historical records, statistical data, maps, and empirical surveys and observations brought together for the first time provide a wealth of additional information, the bibliography offers suggestions for the interested reader. Focusing on the challenges posed by over-urbanization and the changes in policing to counter them, the book draws out valuable lessons applicable in various degrees in other Indian cities.
Keywords: urbanization, Delhi, patterns of policing, seven cities of Delhi, terrorism, infrastructure constraints, crime against women, Delhi police, over-urbanization
Justice and Reconciliation: The Rule of Law in Post-Conflict Territories
Simon Chesterman
in You, The People: The United Nations, Transitional Administration, and State-Building
How can faith in local institutions — most importantly the rule of law — be supported? In many situations, the very laws to be enforced will themselves be controversial, as Serb laws were in ... More
How can faith in local institutions — most importantly the rule of law — be supported? In many situations, the very laws to be enforced will themselves be controversial, as Serb laws were in post‐conflict Kosovo. Similarly, appointment of judges gives rise to tensions between the need to involve local actors and the desire of international actors to maintain high standards of accountability (for the locals as well as themselves). These tensions may come to a head around the most political crimes, in turn raising the question of how to address a legacy of human rights abuse.Less
How can faith in local institutions — most importantly the rule of law — be supported? In many situations, the very laws to be enforced will themselves be controversial, as Serb laws were in post‐conflict Kosovo. Similarly, appointment of judges gives rise to tensions between the need to involve local actors and the desire of international actors to maintain high standards of accountability (for the locals as well as themselves). These tensions may come to a head around the most political crimes, in turn raising the question of how to address a legacy of human rights abuse.
Keywords: amnesty, crimes against humanity, justice, lustration, ownership, reconciliation, rule of law, vetting, war crimes
The Challenge of Affluence
Avner Offer
History, Economic History
Since the 1940s Americans and Britons have come to enjoy an era of rising material abundance. Yet this has been accompanied by a range of social and personal disorders, including family breakdown, ... More
Since the 1940s Americans and Britons have come to enjoy an era of rising material abundance. Yet this has been accompanied by a range of social and personal disorders, including family breakdown, addiction, mental instability, crime, obesity, inequality, economic insecurity, and declining trust. This book argues that well-being has lagged behind affluence in these societies, because they present an environment in which consistent choices are difficult to achieve over different time ranges and in which the capacity for personal and social commitment is undermined by the flow of novelty. The book's approach draws on economics and social science, makes use of the latest cognitive research, and provides a detailed and reasoned critique of modern consumer society, especially the assumption that freedom of choice necessarily maximizes individual and social well-being. The book falls into three parts. Part one analyzes the ways in which economic resources map on to human welfare, why choice is so intractable, and how commitment to people and institutions is sustained. It argues that choice is constrained by prior obligation and reciprocity. The second section then applies these conceptual arguments to comparative empirical studies of advertising, of eating and obesity, and of the production and acquisition of appliances and automobiles. Finally, in part three, the book investigates social and personal relations in the USA and Britain, including inter-personal regard, the rewards and reversals of status, the social and psychological costs of inequality, and the challenges posed to heterosexual love and to parenthood by the rise of affluence.Less
Since the 1940s Americans and Britons have come to enjoy an era of rising material abundance. Yet this has been accompanied by a range of social and personal disorders, including family breakdown, addiction, mental instability, crime, obesity, inequality, economic insecurity, and declining trust. This book argues that well-being has lagged behind affluence in these societies, because they present an environment in which consistent choices are difficult to achieve over different time ranges and in which the capacity for personal and social commitment is undermined by the flow of novelty. The book's approach draws on economics and social science, makes use of the latest cognitive research, and provides a detailed and reasoned critique of modern consumer society, especially the assumption that freedom of choice necessarily maximizes individual and social well-being. The book falls into three parts. Part one analyzes the ways in which economic resources map on to human welfare, why choice is so intractable, and how commitment to people and institutions is sustained. It argues that choice is constrained by prior obligation and reciprocity. The second section then applies these conceptual arguments to comparative empirical studies of advertising, of eating and obesity, and of the production and acquisition of appliances and automobiles. Finally, in part three, the book investigates social and personal relations in the USA and Britain, including inter-personal regard, the rewards and reversals of status, the social and psychological costs of inequality, and the challenges posed to heterosexual love and to parenthood by the rise of affluence.
Keywords: material abundance, personal disorders, family breakdown, addiction, mental instability, crime, obesity, inequality, economic insecurity, well-being
Crime and Politics: Big Government's Erratic Campaign for Law and Order
Ted Gest
Political Science, American Politics
The crime rate in the US has exploded since 1960. Despite decreases in recent years, reported violence in 2001 exceeded the levels of the late 1970s. Government at all levels has tried to address the ... More
The crime rate in the US has exploded since 1960. Despite decreases in recent years, reported violence in 2001 exceeded the levels of the late 1970s. Government at all levels has tried to address the crime problem, with mixed success. Police forces that formerly focused on patrol cars' responding to citizen calls embraced the proactive approach of community policing; courts set up specialized branches, hearing cases relating to narcotics, guns, and domestic violence; criminal sentences sharply increased, filling prisons and jails with more than 2 million people. Yet, crime rates continue to rise and fall, seemingly without regard to government programs. Strikingly, little evidence has been collected about which anticrime activities are truly effective and which are not. Instead, members of Congress and state legislators, who set the tone for the fight against crime, tend to base their actions on what sounds good in political advertisements rather than what has proved to work through scientific experiment. Still, there are a number of promising ideas in law enforcement, juvenile crime, corrections, and other areas that could help prevent crime if they could obtain adequate financial support.Less
Crime and Politics : Big Government's Erratic Campaign for Law and Order
The crime rate in the US has exploded since 1960. Despite decreases in recent years, reported violence in 2001 exceeded the levels of the late 1970s. Government at all levels has tried to address the crime problem, with mixed success. Police forces that formerly focused on patrol cars' responding to citizen calls embraced the proactive approach of community policing; courts set up specialized branches, hearing cases relating to narcotics, guns, and domestic violence; criminal sentences sharply increased, filling prisons and jails with more than 2 million people. Yet, crime rates continue to rise and fall, seemingly without regard to government programs. Strikingly, little evidence has been collected about which anticrime activities are truly effective and which are not. Instead, members of Congress and state legislators, who set the tone for the fight against crime, tend to base their actions on what sounds good in political advertisements rather than what has proved to work through scientific experiment. Still, there are a number of promising ideas in law enforcement, juvenile crime, corrections, and other areas that could help prevent crime if they could obtain adequate financial support.
Keywords: Congress, crime, guns, juvenile crime, law enforcement, narcotics, police, prisons, United States, violence
The Japanese Mafia: Yakuza, Law, and the State
Peter B. E. Hill
Political Science, Political Economy
This book has three main objectives. Firstly, it examines Japan's organized crime syndicates (most commonly known as yakuza or bɵryokudan) with reference to the best available theoretical analyses of ... More
This book has three main objectives. Firstly, it examines Japan's organized crime syndicates (most commonly known as yakuza or bɵryokudan) with reference to the best available theoretical analyses of the Sicilian mafia and other manifestations of organized crime. Like the Sicilian mafia, the core competence of the yakuza is providing protection and, because of this, it can be considered a mafia. Secondly, it provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development, structure, and business activities of the contemporary yakuza. Thirdly, it investigates the relationship between the yakuza and the state, paying particular attention to the effects of the 1992 bɵryokudan countermeasures law. The collapse of the bubble economy during the early 1990s, which had a major impact on the yakuza's activities, makes it difficult to evaluate the impact of this law. The book concludes that the preference of the Japanese authorities for social control processes over formal mechanisms of enforcement and dispute resolution has created a conducive environment for private protection markets. Yakuza provision of such protection has been one consequence. Current developments in the set Japan's social, legal, economic, and political relations suggest, however, that this market is under threat.Less
The Japanese Mafia : Yakuza, Law, and the State
This book has three main objectives. Firstly, it examines Japan's organized crime syndicates (most commonly known as yakuza or bɵryokudan) with reference to the best available theoretical analyses of the Sicilian mafia and other manifestations of organized crime. Like the Sicilian mafia, the core competence of the yakuza is providing protection and, because of this, it can be considered a mafia. Secondly, it provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development, structure, and business activities of the contemporary yakuza. Thirdly, it investigates the relationship between the yakuza and the state, paying particular attention to the effects of the 1992 bɵryokudan countermeasures law. The collapse of the bubble economy during the early 1990s, which had a major impact on the yakuza's activities, makes it difficult to evaluate the impact of this law. The book concludes that the preference of the Japanese authorities for social control processes over formal mechanisms of enforcement and dispute resolution has created a conducive environment for private protection markets. Yakuza provision of such protection has been one consequence. Current developments in the set Japan's social, legal, economic, and political relations suggest, however, that this market is under threat.
Keywords: bɵryokudan, comparative law, Japan, law, mafia, organized crime (organized crime), protection, Yakuza
The "Get‐Tough" 1980s
in Crime and Politics: Big Government's Erratic Campaign for Law and Order
By 1980, the violence rate had reached its highest level in memory, including a modern record of more than 23,000 homicides. The victor in the presidential race that year, Ronald Reagan, was ... More
By 1980, the violence rate had reached its highest level in memory, including a modern record of more than 23,000 homicides. The victor in the presidential race that year, Ronald Reagan, was surrounded by key supporters and advisers who wanted to make crime a high administration priority. The administration named a violent crime task force that called in August 1981 for a stronger federal role and changes in the law to favor the prosecution side. Three years later, a coalition of Republicans and moderate Democrats used a parliamentary maneuver to enact the most far‐ranging federal anticrime law in 16 years. Key players in pushing the anticrime agenda included Republicans like Edwin Meese, a longtime Reagan aide who later became Attorney General; Representative Dan Lungren of California, and prosecutor/crime victims advocate Lois Herrington; on the Democratic side were Senators Joseph Biden of Delaware and Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts, and Representative William Hughes of New Jersey. An important provision of the law was a requirement that "sentencing guidelines" restrict federal judges' power to set penalties in criminal cases. Others created a federal fund to support programs that aided crime victims and set up a "forfeiture" procedure by which law enforcers could seize the assets of suspects and convicts.Less
By 1980, the violence rate had reached its highest level in memory, including a modern record of more than 23,000 homicides. The victor in the presidential race that year, Ronald Reagan, was surrounded by key supporters and advisers who wanted to make crime a high administration priority. The administration named a violent crime task force that called in August 1981 for a stronger federal role and changes in the law to favor the prosecution side. Three years later, a coalition of Republicans and moderate Democrats used a parliamentary maneuver to enact the most far‐ranging federal anticrime law in 16 years. Key players in pushing the anticrime agenda included Republicans like Edwin Meese, a longtime Reagan aide who later became Attorney General; Representative Dan Lungren of California, and prosecutor/crime victims advocate Lois Herrington; on the Democratic side were Senators Joseph Biden of Delaware and Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts, and Representative William Hughes of New Jersey. An important provision of the law was a requirement that "sentencing guidelines" restrict federal judges' power to set penalties in criminal cases. Others created a federal fund to support programs that aided crime victims and set up a "forfeiture" procedure by which law enforcers could seize the assets of suspects and convicts.
Keywords: crime victims, forfeiture, Lois Herrington, homicide, Edwin Meese, prosecution, Ronald Reagan, sentencing guidelines, task force, violent crime
Not Getting Them Young
Violent crime is committed disproportionately by young men, but government never has conducted a coherent, aggressive campaign against serious juvenile delinquency. The fragmentation has been evident ... More
Violent crime is committed disproportionately by young men, but government never has conducted a coherent, aggressive campaign against serious juvenile delinquency. The fragmentation has been evident since the late 1960s, when federal authority was divided between health and justice agencies. A 1974 law created a federal Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) to take charge. The law set progressive standards, but the administration of Ronald Reagan tried to kill the agency in the early 1980s and downgraded it after Congress refused to end funding. The Reagan Justice Department did forge an alliance with the MacArthur Foundation to start a long‐term study of juvenile crime's causes. Meanwhile, a steady increase in arrests of juveniles prompted to require that more teen suspects be tried in adult courts, even when studies showed the tactic ineffective in preventing repeat criminality. Congressional Republicans helped enact a large "juvenile accountability" program designed to provide federal aid to programs that got tough on young lawbreakers. Some measures failed on a broad scale, such as 'boot camps' aimed at instilling more discipline in delinquents. Despite many promising crime prevention programs, the Congress under Republicans control starting in 1995 generally refused to fund them. Juvenile crime arrests declined sharply since the mid‐1990s, but there was no solid proof of what caused the change, whether government programs, the improved economy, or a lower number of teens in the population.Less
Violent crime is committed disproportionately by young men, but government never has conducted a coherent, aggressive campaign against serious juvenile delinquency. The fragmentation has been evident since the late 1960s, when federal authority was divided between health and justice agencies. A 1974 law created a federal Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) to take charge. The law set progressive standards, but the administration of Ronald Reagan tried to kill the agency in the early 1980s and downgraded it after Congress refused to end funding. The Reagan Justice Department did forge an alliance with the MacArthur Foundation to start a long‐term study of juvenile crime's causes. Meanwhile, a steady increase in arrests of juveniles prompted to require that more teen suspects be tried in adult courts, even when studies showed the tactic ineffective in preventing repeat criminality. Congressional Republicans helped enact a large "juvenile accountability" program designed to provide federal aid to programs that got tough on young lawbreakers. Some measures failed on a broad scale, such as 'boot camps' aimed at instilling more discipline in delinquents. Despite many promising crime prevention programs, the Congress under Republicans control starting in 1995 generally refused to fund them. Juvenile crime arrests declined sharply since the mid‐1990s, but there was no solid proof of what caused the change, whether government programs, the improved economy, or a lower number of teens in the population.
Keywords: boot camps, crime prevention, Justice Department, juvenile accountability, juvenile delinquency, MacArthur Foundation, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Ronald Reagan, recidivism, violent crime
The Crimes of Women in Early Modern Germany
Ulinka Rublack
History, European Early Modern History
This book studies 'deviant' women. It presents an account of how women were prosecuted for theft, infanticide, and sexual crimes in early modern Germany, and challenges the assumption that women were ... More
This book studies 'deviant' women. It presents an account of how women were prosecuted for theft, infanticide, and sexual crimes in early modern Germany, and challenges the assumption that women were treated more leniently than men. The book uses criminal trials to illuminate the social status and conflicts of women living through the Reformation and Thirty Years War, telling, for the first time, the stories of cutpurses, maidservants' dangerous liaisons, and artisans' troubled marriages. It provides a thought-provoking analysis of labeling and sentencing processes, and of the punishments inflicted on those found guilty. Above all, the author engages with the way 'ordinary' women experienced authority and sexuality, household and community.Less
This book studies 'deviant' women. It presents an account of how women were prosecuted for theft, infanticide, and sexual crimes in early modern Germany, and challenges the assumption that women were treated more leniently than men. The book uses criminal trials to illuminate the social status and conflicts of women living through the Reformation and Thirty Years War, telling, for the first time, the stories of cutpurses, maidservants' dangerous liaisons, and artisans' troubled marriages. It provides a thought-provoking analysis of labeling and sentencing processes, and of the punishments inflicted on those found guilty. Above all, the author engages with the way 'ordinary' women experienced authority and sexuality, household and community.
Keywords: deviant women, theft, infanticide, sexual crimes, early modern Germany, criminal trials, sentencing
Hitler's Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich
Omer Bartov
History, European Modern History
This study shows that the Wehrmacht was systematically involved in atrocities against the civilian population on the Eastern Front. Including quotes from letters, diaries, and military reports, this ... More
This study shows that the Wehrmacht was systematically involved in atrocities against the civilian population on the Eastern Front. Including quotes from letters, diaries, and military reports, this book aims to challenge the notion that the German army during World War II was apolitical and to reveal how thoroughly permeated it was by Nazi ideology. Focusing on ordinary German soldiers on the Eastern front, the book shows how government propaganda and indoctrination motivated the troops not only to fight well but to commit unprecedented crimes against humanity. This institutionalized brainwashing revolved around two interrelated elements: the radical demonization of the Soviet enemy and the deification of the führer. Consequently, most of the troops believed the war in the Eastern theater was a struggle to dam the Jewish/Bolshevik/Asiatic flood that threatened Western civilization. This book demonstrates how Germany's soldiers were transformed into brutal instruments of a barbarous policy.Less
Hitler's Army : Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich
This study shows that the Wehrmacht was systematically involved in atrocities against the civilian population on the Eastern Front. Including quotes from letters, diaries, and military reports, this book aims to challenge the notion that the German army during World War II was apolitical and to reveal how thoroughly permeated it was by Nazi ideology. Focusing on ordinary German soldiers on the Eastern front, the book shows how government propaganda and indoctrination motivated the troops not only to fight well but to commit unprecedented crimes against humanity. This institutionalized brainwashing revolved around two interrelated elements: the radical demonization of the Soviet enemy and the deification of the führer. Consequently, most of the troops believed the war in the Eastern theater was a struggle to dam the Jewish/Bolshevik/Asiatic flood that threatened Western civilization. This book demonstrates how Germany's soldiers were transformed into brutal instruments of a barbarous policy.
Keywords: Wehrmacht, civilians, Eastern Front, German army, World War II, Nazi ideology, government propaganda, indoctrination, crimes against humanity, brainwashing
Mafias on the Move: How Organized Crime Conquers New Territories
Federico Varese
Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in ... More
Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in New York, Chinese triads in London, and Italian mafias throughout the West. As this book explains, the truth is more complicated. The author has spent years researching mafia groups in Italy, Russia, the United States, and China, and argues that mafiosi often find themselves abroad against their will, rather than through a strategic plan to colonize new territories. Once there, they do not always succeed in establishing themselves. The book spells out the conditions that lead to their long-term success, namely sudden market expansion that is neither exploited by local rivals nor blocked by authorities. Ultimately the inability of the state to govern economic transformations gives mafias their opportunity. In a series of matched comparisons, the book charts the attempts of the Calabrese 'Ndrangheta to move to the north of Italy, and shows how the Sicilian mafia expanded to early twentieth-century New York, but failed around the same time to find a niche in Argentina. The book explains why the Russian mafia failed to penetrate Rome but succeeded in Hungary. A pioneering chapter on China examines the challenges that triads from Taiwan and Hong Kong find in branching out to the mainland. This book is both a compelling read and a sober assessment of the risks posed by globalization and immigration for the spread of mafias.Less
Mafias on the Move : How Organized Crime Conquers New Territories
Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in New York, Chinese triads in London, and Italian mafias throughout the West. As this book explains, the truth is more complicated. The author has spent years researching mafia groups in Italy, Russia, the United States, and China, and argues that mafiosi often find themselves abroad against their will, rather than through a strategic plan to colonize new territories. Once there, they do not always succeed in establishing themselves. The book spells out the conditions that lead to their long-term success, namely sudden market expansion that is neither exploited by local rivals nor blocked by authorities. Ultimately the inability of the state to govern economic transformations gives mafias their opportunity. In a series of matched comparisons, the book charts the attempts of the Calabrese 'Ndrangheta to move to the north of Italy, and shows how the Sicilian mafia expanded to early twentieth-century New York, but failed around the same time to find a niche in Argentina. The book explains why the Russian mafia failed to penetrate Rome but succeeded in Hungary. A pioneering chapter on China examines the challenges that triads from Taiwan and Hong Kong find in branching out to the mainland. This book is both a compelling read and a sober assessment of the risks posed by globalization and immigration for the spread of mafias.
Keywords: organized crime, open borders, Russian mobsters, Chinese triads, Italian mafia, Mafiosi, Sicilian mafia, globalization, immigration


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February 15, 2014 September 7, 2017 reviews 2 Comments animehayao miyazakiheistsjapan
Lupin III and The Castle of Cagliostro (Hayao Miyazaki, 1979)
The first Lupin III TV series, based on the manga series by the oddly pseudonymed Monkey Punch, ran in 23 episodes from the fall of 1971 to the spring of 1972, when it was abruptly cancelled. About half the episodes were directed by Masaaki Osumi, the rest by the team of Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takahata, who would go on to form Studio Ghibli 15 or so years later. The series follows the adventures of master thief Lupin III, the grandson of French literary icon Arsene Lupin (he's contemporary with and holds about the same cultural status as Sherlock Holmes). Alternating between sophisticated cool and wild bursts of gleeful anarchy, the animated version of Lupin III brings to mind the Monkey King as played by Alain Delon. Each episode follows a particular caper as he and his colleagues, Jigen Daisuke, a ice cool sharpshooter, and Goemon Ishikawa, an anachronistic samurai armed with a sword that can cut through anything, pursue a heist or mystery of some type, usually pitting them against an even worse gang of criminals. They occupy the gray area between the law and the truly villainous, what distinguishes them from evil is not just their sense of honor, but their sense of humor. Floating through the series is a mysterious woman named Fujiko Mine, always teasing and manipulating Lupin with her seductive red hair and mountainous bosom (her name literally means "mountain peaks of Fuji") as she competes with him for whatever loot serves as the episode's MacGuffin.
It's all a great deal of fun, and the early episodes in particular seem shockingly contemporary, with relatively shocking acts of violence and sexual suggestiveness. About halfway through the series though, things become a bit tamer. Rather than seducing the ladies, Lupin begins rescuing damsels in distress. Rather than a dark woman leading Lupin toward destruction, Fujiko becomes a side element, a nice girl who just wants to help out the team. Early in the series she is a Hawksian woman, independent-minded and as ruthlessly capable in every way, if not more so, than the men she uses. But later she becomes just another sidekick, the marginalized love interest. What had been radical gets domesticated as Lupin becomes a goofy scamp rather than the kind of cold-blooded thief who would sit in a jail cell for a year as part of a plan to punish the Inspector who caught him (and himself for allowing himself to be caught). Wikipedia, unsourced naturally, claims that Osumi was fired by the studio "for refusing to adapt the sophisticated series for a children's audience" which seems about right. It seems like Miyazaki and Takahata were called on to make the series more conventional, and while their version is still a highly entertaining adventure show, it lacks that cutting edge that made the early run of episodes so exciting.
After the show was cancelled, Miyazaki continued odd jobs in television throughout the 1970s. Lupin III was brought back for another, more successful series in 1977, which ran 155 episodes through 1980. A Lupin III feature film was made, followed by another. This second film was Miyazaki's first as a feature film director (he left Isao Takahata's production of an Anne of Green Gables TV series, which I very much want to see, to make the movie). I haven't seen any of this second Lupin III series, but Miyazaki's film, The Castle of Cagliostro, is consistent with the tamer, lighter tone of the latter half of the first series.
Lupin and Jigen find themselves on the trail of master counterfeiters in the small European country of Cagliostro, where they quite literally must rescue a princess who has been locked in a tower by an evil Count. Packed with intricate suspense sequences as Lupin breaks into the eponymous castle and uncovers its mysteries, the film is Miyazaki's most generic in construction, with only a few of his signature peaceful moments (as the master thief charms the childlike princess, the reveal of the Castle's final mystery) and a distinct lack of abstract philosophizing. Note though that as with pretty much every other Miyazaki feature, it is the overwhelming force of nature that powers the film's conclusion. Much to the film's detriment, Jigen and eventually Goemon get almost nothing to do. Fujiko shows up for awhile too, now a short haired blonde with no apparent skills or appeal aside from a large arsenal of weaponry and a hideous camouflage jumpsuit, and has very little role in the story, though she does take control of a TV camera in homage to one of the better episodes from late in the show's run, though she ends up looking dangerously like April O'Neil, girl reporter, from the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles series.
Distinguishing Cagliostro from a mere extended TV episode though is the attention to detail in the depiction of the setting, inspired by old Arsene Lupin stories as well as an unfinished feature from 1952: beautiful moss-covered ruins, a vast dungeon filled with the remains of 400 years worth of curious adventurers, ancient aqueducts, trap doors and steeply-pitched roofs for our hero to improbably traverse. Compared with the lackluster animation in efforts put forth in the late 1960s and 70s by the Walt Disney company (the mud grey of The Rescuers or the sketchy, half-finished look of The Aristocats, for example), the film is a revelation. One of my favorite things about Japanese animation (I don't recall seeing it in earlier forms, but it was probably there) is the way character details change with their distance from the "camera", with figures becoming more and less abstract. With Lupin, his features become less cartoony as we get a closer look at him (in the TV show we repeatedly get to see how hairy the backs of his hands are as his sideburned face turns more monkey than man). Compare this to, say, the hero in Disney's Robin Hood: a cartoon fox who remains a cartoon fox regardless of angle or depth. The Japanese style had a subtle way of creating the illusion of depth in a two dimensional world (beyond the simple dedication Miyazaki would show to developing a truly detailed and realistic background setting) while Disney was locked in the flat, planar style they pioneered 40 years earlier, made cheap with xerography.
After the success of The Castle of Cagliostro, Miyazaki worked on another TV series, the phenomenal-sounding Sherlock Hound. He also wrote a manga, which became the foundation of his next feature film, 1984's Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind. That second film, it seems to me, is the more foundational one to his later work. While occasionally he-ll return to the purer adventure style of Cagliostro (most notably in Porco Rosso), Nausicaä's fusion of adventure with myth, fairy tale and contemplative eco-philosophy will recur in almost all his films.
July 4, 2012 January 19, 2017 reviews 5 Comments 1957akira kurosawaisuzu yamadajapanshakespearetoshiro mifune
On Throne of Blood
I just rewatched a bunch of what are generally considered the best films of 1957, and while this still is not my favorite film of the year and might not even be among my five favorite Kurosawas, I think it's absolutely worthy of its lofty spot on the list. Akira Kurosawa's adaptation of Macbeth to ancient Japan is even darker than Sweet Smell of Success, with a vision of humanity as unchanging, trapped in a cycle of murderous ambition and venality entirely of its own making. I especially picked up this time on the interaction between prophesy and free will: everything Washizu does is his own choice, but would he have made those choices absent the prophesy? His troops turn on him at the end, but only because he's told them about the prophesy and they've seen the forest moving, if he hadn't told them, would they have fought back against the siege? It's telling that it's Washizu's act of mercy (letting the prince and Takashi Shimura go) that leads to his downfall: if he'd chased after and killed them, they wouldn't have led an army that knew how to get through the forest to attack the castle. It's this kind of thing that marks Throne of Blood as the most tightly constructed of the top movies of its year. There's none of the haphazard sloppiness of Wild Strawberries, or facile caricatures of 12 Angry Men or Paths of Glory. Every piece of Throne of Blood fits together perfectly. Almost a little too well. There's an airlessness to the film that is totally appropriate thematically (trapped as its characters are in an endlessly recurring loop) but that makes it a bit harder to love than some of the other films from this year (Funny Face for example, though I can see why someone might prefer Wild Strawberries for this reason, though, like I said, that film didn't work for me at all).
The standout actors are Toshiro Mifune and Isuzu Yamada, and they're a perfect contrast in style: Mifune is constantly in motion, constantly retreating and bugging his eyes out. It's one of his most intense performances, he starts at an incredibly high level and stays there for the course of the film, never going over the line into camp or mere bluster. Yamada's Asaji, on the other hand, is all terrifying stillness. Hers is the most Noh-influenced of the performances, apparently. Donald Richie points out that it's the two female characters (Asaji and the forest spirit) that are the most Noh-like, which is interesting if you read the story as more than the tragedy of a hen-pecked husband: it's not just women that cause Washizu's downfall, it's the past itself, embodied in the ancient formalities and drives embedded deep within human nature.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Hockey league playoffs kick off
Christian Falvey
The playoffs of the Czech hockey extraliga began on Thursday with two quarterfinal series – and victories for the visiting sides. Vítkovice, which ranked third in the regular season, beat České Budějovice 3:1, while defending champions Pardubice took the game against Zlín to overtime and eventually won 3:4. The two quarterfinal best-of-seven series continue on Friday while on Saturday, Litvínov will face the winner of the regular season, Třinec, and Liberec will play Slavia Prague.
I'm happy I opened door for other European players, says new Hall of Fame inductee Václav Nedomanský
Retired forward Václav Nedomanský has become the second Czech to be inducted into ice hockey's Hall of Fame. A member of the Czechoslovak world…
Czechs return emptyhanded from hockey worlds after loss to Russia in bronze game; Slavia celebrate soccer title with home victory over…
Slavia Prague are crowned champions for 19th time with one round to go – coach Trpišovský says he's relieved to have got over line;…


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One Earth – One Ocean e. V. (oeoo) ist eine im Jahr 2011 gegründete Umweltorganisation, deren Ziel in erster Linie die Reinigung weltweiter Gewässer von Plastikmüll ist.

One Earth – One Ocean wurde im Jahr 2011 von Günther Bonin gegründet. Der Verein arbeitet seit seiner Gründung an der Entwicklung von Konzepten zur Reinigung von Gewässern. Dabei ging es zunächst nur um die Entfernung von Plastikmüll, inzwischen auch um die Beseitigung von Öl und anderen Schadstoffen.

Zur Aufnahme von Plastikmüll aus Gewässern entwickelt der Verein verschiedene Schiffstypen: Seit 2012 sind von One Earth – One Ocean entwickelte SeeHamster in Binnengewässern und der Ostsee unterwegs. Dabei handelt es sich um kleine Katamarane mit etwa vier Metern Länge und zwei Metern Breite und einem herunterklappbaren Fangnetz oder Fanggeschirr, mit dem der Plastikmüll aus Binnengewässern gesammelt wird. Seit 2016 ist außerdem die SeeKuh im Einsatz, ein Schiff von 12 × 10 Metern. Es wird in Küstenregionen und Flussmündungen eingesetzt, so z. B. in der Ostsee und in Hongkong. Seit 2018 entwickelt One Earth – One Ocean den SeeElefant, ein Containerschiff, das den von den SeeKühen aufgesammelten Müll übernehmen und mit der in das Schiff integrierten Anlagentechnik aufbereiten, sortieren, verarbeiten und unter anderem zu Öl zurückverarbeiten soll. Für den SeeElefant erhielt der Verein im Jahr 2019 den Bundespreis Ecodesign in der Kategorie "Konzept".

Auszeichnungen

 2022: Goldene Henne in der Kategorie "Unsere Zukunft"

Weblinks

 Offizielle Webseite

Einzelnachweise

Organisation (Umwelt- und Naturschutz)
Verein (Deutschland)
Gegründet 2011

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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You are at:Home»»Resources for Children
Wildlife Watch is the UK's leading environmental action club for kids. It's all about YOU – and the natural world around you. There are 60,000 Watch members and hundreds of local groups where young people get stuck into environmental activities. Taking part in Wildlife Watch is an exciting way to explore your surroundings and get closer to the wildlife you share it with.
Join Wildlife Watch and have a really wild time!
Become a nature detective
Take part in fun environmental activities
Take environmental action
Have fun and make new friends
Get stuck into local activity
Help make a future for wildlife
Tower Hamlets has its very own Wildlife Watch Club called the Bow Beasties, and is currently recruiting new members. We meet on the third Saturday of every month at the Soanes Centre, Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park, Southern Grove E3 from 10:30am – 12:30pm. It is open to all children from 8 – 14 years old and best of all it's FREE!
Bow Beasties has two leaders called Tim and Ken, both have had a CRB check and are extremely enthusiastic about wildlife. They will be there all the time the children are at the club and will work with the children to help them with the various activities.
For more information, please contact Ken on 07904 186 981 or by e-mail or visit the website
OPAL (the Open Air Laboratory)
Hosted by the Natural History Museum, this has games and loads of activities and worksheets for kids of all ages, on worms, bugs, hedgerows, ponds, woods, climate and air.
Woodland Trust Nature Detectives
Downloads, games and activities – learn through the seasons – fun all year round.
Wildlife Watch
the UK's leading environmental action club for kids
Defenders of Wildlife – Kid's Planet
Games, Cool stuff and Facts including Electronic fact sheets on over 50 species
RSPB Kids!
Natural History Museum – Schools
Materials and ideas for schools, promoting the discovery, understanding, enjoyment, and responsible use of the natural world


USCIS message reminding stakeholders to be alert to scam phone calls in which someone impersonating a government official or law enforcement officer claims that there is a problem with an immigration application and demands money to continue the immigration process.
USCIS warns stakeholders to be aware of immigration scams, including instances in which scammers call or email pretending to be a government official. USCIS notes that it will never ask for payment over the phone or in an email.
USCIS alert reminding stakeholders that due to a temporary injunction issued in Texas v. United States, USCIS has been prevented from accepting requests under the expanded DACA guidelines and suspended plans to accept requests for DAPA.
USCIS alert regarding scams during tax season, urging the immigrant community to be aware of tax preparers that offer to also help prepare and file immigration forms. Individuals and businesses that prepare tax returns may not be authorized to assist with immigration services.
Consumer alert available in English and Spanish about renewing Deferred Action grants and avoiding notarios—please share widely!
USCIS has advised stakeholders of a new telephone scam targeting USCIS applicants and petitioners. Scammers are using a technique called "Caller ID spoofing" to display false information on the recipient's Caller ID, leading the individual to believe that the caller is a USCIS official.
AILA warns members of a scam aimed at immigration attorneys by individuals who claim that they are seeking to invest in the United States and require legal representation.
Say "No" to Notario Fraud!
Download and share AILA's PSA warnings, available in multiple languages, against the dangers of unauthorized practitioners as immigration reform nears & notarios emerge from the shadows to defraud consumers.


In recognition of the academic achievements and individual talents, a wide range of scholarships is offered to commencing and continuing students across all fields of study.
KDU Penang University College offers the following Scholarships and Bursary Awards to enable deserving students to pursue their tertiary education.
Click here to register for Scholarships 2018.
Scholarship information to be released soon.


A crater on the summit of Kilauea volcano in Hawaii erupted with a powerful explosion early Thursday, hurling boulders and volcanic debris hundreds of feet into the air.
The eruption sent a massive plume of ash into the sky that reached 30,000 feet ― or five miles ― high. An eruption the night before caused a smaller explosion.
U.S. Geological Survey scientists had been warning residents about an explosive display as unpredictable fissures spewing lava, poisonous gases and hundreds of earthquakes have plagued the Big Island and devastated homes for the last two weeks.
They expect similar eruptions to occur in the near future, said Steve Brantley, deputy scientist-in-charge for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.
Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey had already evacuated the volcano observatory near the crater, but cameras at the summit captured Thursday's explosion.
The first recent "significant explosive event" occurred at a vent in the Halema'uma'u Crater on Wednesday night at around 6 p.m. local time. The second, larger, explosion occurred just after 4 a.m. and lasted for several minutes.
The summit's crater is far from residential areas in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, which has been shut down amid the explosions.
"We expect activity could wax and wane like this in the near future," USGS volcanologist Michelle Coombs said in a Thursday morning update.
Coombs noted that rain in the area has helped minimize ash, limiting it mostly to the Kilauea summit area.
"At any time, activity may again become more explosive, increasing the intensity of ash production and producing ballistic projectiles near the vent," USGS said on Thursday.
It is unclear what the fallout from the recent explosions looks like, as scientists have been ordered to stay away from the area for safety.
The explosions could have launched boulders weighing as much as 12 tons ― roughly the size of refrigerators ― up to half a mile, according to USGS.
Cheryl Chipman of Hawaii Volcanoes National Parksaid during a Thursday press call that the largest boulders could fall within a mile from the crater, while "marble to pea-sized rocks" could fall within four miles of it.
An ash plume follows a major eruption on Hawaii's Kilauea volcano on May 17, 2018.
Big Island resident Linda Ugalde told the Honolulu Star Adviser that she didn't hear or feel the explosion itself but noticed a fine layer of ash in her yard afterward.
Residents of the Big Island are being advised to shelter in place if they're in the path of the ash plume and to avoid driving in conditions of poor visibility.
Roads coated in volcanic ash can also become extremely slippery.
"During explosive eruptions, volcanic ash can disrupt downwind populations by causing breathing problems, impacting water quality, clogging air filters, shorting out power systems and making transportation difficult," the USGS warned on Thursday.
The agency advised people in the area to seal windows and doors, cover air intakes and open water sources, and remain indoors. Anyone who has to go outside should cover their mouths with a mask or cloth.
The ash plume billows upward from Kilauea.
The ash plume, which was already 12,000 feet high on Wednesday, soared to 30,000 feet after Thursday's explosion, according to USGS.
Also on Wednesday, a vent inside the crater began emitting what the agency calls "ballistic blocks." The dense, microwave-sized boulders traveled a few hundred yards before coming to rest in a parking lot nearby.
Kilauea volcano has been continuously erupting since 1983, but activity picked up on May 3 after new fissures opened up in the Leilani Estates subdivision of the Puna district, located on the volcano's lower east rift zone.
Since then, at least 20 fissures have opened up and erupted with lava, claiming dozens of homes in the area. Two thousand residents have been evacuated from their homes, as one fissure continues to splatter lava.
In light of the activity, the USGS has issued a warning and code red, its highest alert levels, for Kilauea volcano and its summit as toxic gases and ash continue to inundate surrounding areas.


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Sacked Emery says 'honour' to have coached Arsenal
Pirate IRWIN
November 29, 2019, 10:46 PM UTC
Unai Emery has been sacked after 18 months in charge at Arsenal (AFP Photo/Oli SCARFF )
London (AFP) - Unai Emery said it had been an "honour" to coach Arsenal despite being sacked as manager of the Premier League club on Friday after just 18 months in charge.
The 48-year-old Spaniard was fired following the 2-1 home defeat to Eintracht Frankfurt in Thursday's Europa League match, which extended their winless run to seven games.
Assistant Freddie Ljungberg has taken over as interim manager with ex-Juventus coach Massimiliano Allegri and Wolves boss Nuno Espirito Santo among the early favourites to be named the next full-time boss.
Despite his sacking, Emery insisted it had been an "honour" to manage the London giants.
"It has been a year and a half full of emotions, of great moments and some other more bitter ones," he said.
"But not a single day has gone by without me stopping to think about how lucky I have been to work for this club with these players and their professional and personal qualities."
Former Arsenal player Ljungberg said he would work hard to improve the atmosphere at Arsenal.
"However long I oversee @Arsenal I will give everything I have to put smiles on faces again," he tweeted. "We have a busy few weeks ahead and the team needs your support. Let's get to work!"
Arsenal are on their worst run without a victory since 1992, when they went eight games without a win under George Graham.
They are already eight points off the top four after failing to win a Premier League match since October 6.
Emery was appointed as successor to Arsene Wenger in May 2018 after a trophy-laden career at Sevilla and Paris Saint-Germain with a brief to make Arsenal a Premier League force again.
The club, who have not won the Premier League since 2004, had stagnated in the final years of Wenger's 22-year reign despite a series of cup triumphs.
But Arsenal could only finish fifth last season, missing out on the riches of the Champions League for a third straight year.
- Big spenders -
Emery spent more than £130 million ($168 million) in the close-season, bringing in a clutch of players including winger Nicolas Pepe, centre-back David Luiz and left-back Kieran Tierney.
But despite the reinforcements they have collected just 18 points from 13 games so far this season.
Emery has had many off-field issues to contend with, losing Aaron Ramsey on a free transfer to Juventus at the end of last season.
He then saw former captain Laurent Koscielny refuse to travel on a pre-season tour to the United States as he pushed through a move away from north London.
Granit Xhaka was named as his successor but he was stripped of the captaincy after swearing at supporters who jeered him following his substitution in a 2-2 draw with Crystal Palace last month.
There was also upheaval behind the scenes as two of the men who made the decision to appoint Emery, chief executive Ivan Gazidis and head of recruitment Sven Mislintat, departed within nine months.
And the attempted carjacking of Mesut Ozil and Sead Kolasinac on the eve of the new season played a role in unsettling the squad.
Emery is the third Premier League manager to lose his job this season after the dismissals of Watford's Javi Gracia and Tottenham's Mauricio Pochettino.
The Arsenal Supporters' Trust issued a statement saying the club needed to change more than its manager.
"Emery's departure is the easy part," it said. "The more difficult challenge is to recruit a suitable successor. We are far from certain that Arsenal has the right personnel to lead this process.
"The AST has long been advocating that the most important changes needed at Arsenal are in the boardroom, where Arsenal need better governance."


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Kell, Charles
Charles Kell is a PhD student at The University of Rhode Island and editor of The Ocean State Review. His poetry has appeared in The New Orleans Review, The Open Mouse, and elsewhere, and is forthcoming in The American Journal of Poetry, Kestrel, and the Pinch. Killgore, C L
C. L. Killgore lives in Tennessee with her husband, Michael. Together they own a food truck and strive to corral their two wild pups, Wrigley and Arkkis Pond. You can find her on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. Kimathi, Teddy
The muse of poetry-writing visited Teddy in 2002, while he was pursuing his studies in Nkubu High School. You can find his poems in Inwood Indiana Press, Shot Glass Journal, Leaves of Ink, and many other journals. He also has fiction works in Beyond Science Fiction, Jitter Press, Brilliant Fiction Magazine, Spadina Literary Review, Paragraph Planet, & Gone Lawn. His books "The Milky Way In Words" (poetry) and "Eve and Other Sci-Fi Stories" (fiction), are available in Amazon.
Kirchner, Jedidiah
I was published by Jitter Press. Kirk, Cam
I was published by Jitter Press. Klayer, Ben
Leatherwood, Roger
I was published by Jitter Press. Lester, Jay
I was published by Jitter Press. Lewis, Aurora
I was published by Jitter Press. I am a woman of color in my late sixties, retired from the Finance Industry. In my fifties, I received a Certificate in Creative Writing General Studies with Honors from UCLA. My poems, short stories, and nonfiction have also been accepted by Gemini Magazine, The Literary Hatchet, Jerry Jazz Musician, Persimmon Tree Magazine, Lucent Dreams, The Blue Nib, Trembling in Fear, and others. I have been nominated for two Pushcart Prizes and The Best of the Web.
Loring, Steve
I was published by Jitter Press. Macallister, Dean
I was published by Jitter Press. Magenta, Martha
Malone, Christopher
Christopher L. Malone is a jack of all genres and a master of none. He's previously been featured in The Dark City Crime and Mystery Magazine, The Literary Hatchet, and Crimson Streets. His first novel, Hangdog, is available for purchase on Amazon. Follow him on Twitter @CLMalone84. Marsh, Geoffrey
I was published by Jitter Press. Martens, Selena
Selena Martens is a Canadian speculative fiction author. A librarian for ten years, she loves reading and recommending fantasy, science fiction and horror, doing her best to shine a spotlight on often overlooked titles. She lives in Northern Ontario with the moose, bears and serious amounts of snow. Her poetry has appeared in the Literary Hatchet, Strange Horizons, and more.


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Literatura: Res de nou a l'oest (novel·la) (títol original: Im Westen nichts Neues), novel·la de 1929 escrita per Erich Maria Remarque
 Cinema:
 Res de nou a l'oest (pel·lícula de 1930) (títol original: All Quiet on the Western Front), pel·lícula estatunidenca dirigida per Lewis Milestone
 Res de nou al front de l'oest (títol original: All Quiet on the Western Front), telefilm estatunidenc de 1979 dirigit per Delbert Mann
 Res de nou a l'oest (pel·lícula de 2022) (títol original: Im Westen nichts Neues), pel·lícula germanoestatunidenca dirigida per Edward Berger


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Kazhumaram is a 1982 Indian Malayalam film, directed by A. B. Raj and starring Sukumaran, Sumalatha, Sukumari and Balan K. Nair. The film has a musical score by Shankar–Ganesh.

Cast
Sukumaran
Sumalatha
Sukumari
Balan K. Nair
Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair
Uma Bharani

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Shankar–Ganesh and the lyrics were written by Bichu Thirumala.

References

External links

1982 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Films scored by Shankar–Ganesh
Films directed by A. B. Raj


The weather is shifting in Minneapolis, which signals that it's time to work on those seasonal projects that you've had planned. Aside from doing cleanup and sprucing up your house, now's a great time to think about the ways in which the different season may affect your home in other ways, and how you can get your home ready for those changes.
From winterizing to spring cleaning, the part of your home where the changing weather may have the biggest impact is at your windows. Since they're the main ways through which light and heat pass into your house, managing that airflow with insulating plantation shutters is a home improvement project that can benefit you no matter the season.
If you're preparing for fall or winter, some of the best home maintenance projects have one goal in common: reducing the workload of your thermostat. Lower temperatures make almost every part of your home work harder, from your heating and air conditioning systems to the pipes in your house, and you can ease their burden and your utility bills in multiple ways.
There are some simple tasks you can do to help your home stay energy efficient, including adding weatherstripping and swapping out your furnace filters. But unless you confront your windows, you're skipping over the number one source of heat loss in your home.
Around this time every year we see home improvement stores near Minneapolis advertising the same winterizing items in their shops: plastic window wrap, DIY insulation, draft blockers, and so on. Though it's true that these items are definitely better than nothing, there are a number of drawbacks. First off, they're short-term - which means it's an annual chore to buy them, put them up, and take them down once the seasons change again.
Because they're made to be removed after some time, this brings the next drawback: they're usually fragile and are moved out of position easily, making them fairly ineffective. With simply tape or another adhesive holding them in place, all that's needed is a small nudge or a humid day to bring them down. And keep in mind, these temporary treatments tend to look gaudy or shoddy, and nobody needs that.
That brings us to the alternative: a window covering that's lasting, elegant, incredibly durable, and offers the insulating properties that the aforementioned products could only dream about. That alternative is Polywood® plantation shutters.
There isn't a better way to block heat transfer through your windows than with Polywood plantation shutters. Polywood is the best weatherproofing material, able to block nearly 30° of temperature and 45% of heat transfer. Additionally, Polywood is 100% waterproof, meaning it won't be affected the same way those temporary products will when they encounter humidity.
In addition unlike other common winterizing products, plantation shutters have an upscale, enduring style that you'll be proud to flaunt, no matter the weather. The easily adjustable louvers give you complete control, so as the temperature changes each day, so can your degree of insulation.
Ready to tackle the changing weather head-on? Then Sunburst Shutters Minneapolis is ready with the assist. Set up a free in-home consultation with a Sunburst expert by calling 952-856-8130 or filling out the form below, and we'll help you make this year the easiest your house has ever had.