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Female Privilege: Unpacking the Visible Handbag – Percy McIntosh
Warning – unlike Peggy McIntosh's 'White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack', this contains real data and you may find that distressing.
The popular narrative is that men have it easy and that most societal biases favour the male sex. You can find this pervasive world view reproduced in numerous media outlets; the BBC website, The Guardian, The Independent and The Conversation are to the forefront in the UK. A common feature of these outlets is that the authors are often female, middle class, privately educated and studied liberal arts subjects at university. In most cases, this was English Literature at Oxford or Cambridge. Scouring the peer-reviewed literature, critical thinking skills and statistical reasoning does not appear to be high on the list of skills that they acquired during their education.
Here then, is another view from the social sciences literature that paints a very different picture.
The feedback given to women in the workplace is more likely to be upwardly distorted.
In one study graders were presented with equivalent 3rd party generated essays. Participants upwardly distorted their original gender blind assessment of the essays when they discovered the author was female and gave more positive comments to women. The authors also demonstrated a greater propensity to tell white lies (encouragement) to women during performance feedback(1).
People are more likely to believe research claims favouring women than those favouring men
William Von Hippel and David Buss showed that psychologists were more likely to believe claims that women could have evolved to be more verbally talented than men than they were to believe men evolved to be more mathematically talented than women(2).
Steve Stewart-Williams found a similar effect. When 492 participants were presented with essentially the same study showing that men/women draw better, or men/women lie more, both men and women were more likely to believe the study that favoured women(3).
Similar findings come from another scientific report where fictitious studies relating to male and female intelligence were presented. Participants viewed studies that purported to show the sexes were of equal intelligence or that women were of greater intelligence as being more credible than those that appeared to favour men(4).
Among academics in the United States and the United Kingdom Cory Clark and Bo Winegard showed (study in press) that there is a stronger desire to censor science that disfavours women compared to men.
Taken together these studies suggest that the public, male and female, are more ready to believe studies that suggest females are smarter than males rather than the opposite.
People care more about female underrepresentation in careers
Research by Katherina Block et al showed that the public is more concerned about gender imbalances in male-dominated professions than it is about imbalances in female-dominated professions(5). Not only that, when the career in question comes with a high salary people were more likely to suggest that barriers were blocking the entry of women.
People have more sympathy for female suffering than male suffering.
The footbridge and the trolley problems are used to test behaviour of individuals who are faced with moral dilemmas. In the trolley problem, imagine yourself driving a trolley towards five people tied together on the track in front of you. If you do nothing, the trolley goes along its normal course and all five people will be killed. However, there is an alternative, you could pull the lever and the train will deviate to one side where a single innocent passer-by will be killed. What do you do?
The footbridge problem is similar. You are standing on a footbridge over a rail track and the train is heading towards 5 people tied together. Again, if you do nothing all five will be killed but you could push an innocent bystander over the bridge into the path of the train. If you do, that will slow the train sufficiently to save the lives of the five people on the track. What do you do?
Both thought experiments measure willingness to sacrifice an innocent bystander to save five other people. Although the utilitarian response in both cases is to sacrifice the innocent bystander you would be responsible for the death of that one person. In practice, people vary in their responses. For example, psychopaths are more willing to sacrifice a bystander for the 'greater good'. Another factor is the gender of the innocent bystander, a male bystander is more likely than a female bystander to be sacrificed to save five lives and this is true for both male and female study participants(6).
Work on the ethical problems of self-driving cars has revealed similar societal biases in favour of women. When deciding how autonomous vehicles should react to choices involving two unavoidable harms; for example saving passengers or pedestrians when a crash imminent, people show a tendency to prioritise saving female lives over male lives(7).
People have more sympathy for female victims of sexual assault.
A study looking at UK police workers' perception of adult rape according to the victim's gender and sexuality found that male victims were viewed more negatively irrespective of their sexuality(8).
Women are more likely to receive help than men: men are more likely to give help.
A metanalysis in 1986 looked at 93 studies of a wide range of social situations including donating blood in response to an emergency, helping someone with fallen groceries or helping a student hurt in an experiment. In general, men gave more help and women received more(9).
Those who harm women are punished more severely than those who harm men.
Curry Lee and Rodriguez studied how sentencing varied according to the sex of the victim using data for offenders convicted of three violent crimes. They found that perpetrators who victimised females received longer sentences than those who victimised males. Male offenders who victimised females received the longest sentences of any pairing(10).
Women are punished less severely than men for the same crime.
A meta-analysis of experimental research on mock juror assessments found that it was advantageous if the defendant was female, physically attractive and of high socioeconomic status(11). These data are consistent with 'real world' findings from the United Kingdom where men are twice as likely to be imprisoned for a violent first offence whereas women were twice as likely to receive a conditional discharge or suspended sentence (link here).
Women's aggression is seen as more acceptable than men's aggression.
One hundred and seventy-one university students were invited to read vignettes describing acts of violence. The aggressor-target gender combinations were varied. Male and female participants rated women's aggression as more acceptable(12).
Moral typecasting; women are assumed to be victims and men perpetrators.
A study by Tania Reynolds et al looked at several scenarios and showed that women were more easily seen as victims(13). For example, a female employee making claiming harassment was seen as more of a victim than a male employee making an identical claim also female victims were assumed to experience more pain from an ambiguous joke. Most disturbing to me was that managers were seen as less moral when firing a female employee than a male employee. In short over four countries in studies involving 3,137 participants harm evaluations were systematically swayed by the targets' gender.
Women have an advantage in hiring decisions in STEM subjects.
A common trope among feminists is that women have to be twice as good as men to get the same job. So where does the evidence point? As usual, it points in the opposite direction.
A study of hiring faculty in STEM subjects showed a substantial preference for hiring women over identically qualified men and the claim that weaker men were promoted over more able women was not supported(14). Another study found a 2:1 preference for hiring women on a STEM tenure track across 370 universities in the USA(15).
1. Jampol L, Zayas V. Gendered White Lies: Women Are Given Inflated Performance Feedback Compared With Men. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2020 May 18;014616722091662.
2. von Hippel W, Buss DM. Do Ideologically Driven Scientific Agendas Impede the Understanding and Acceptance of Evolutionary Principles in Social Psychology? In: Crawford JT, Jussim L, editors. The Politics of Social Psychology [Internet]. 1st ed. NewYork, NY: Routledge, 2017. |: Psychology Press; 2017 [cited 2020 Dec 7]. p. 5–25. Available from: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781351622561/chapters/10.4324/9781315112619-2
3. Stewart‐Williams S, Chang CYM, Wong XL, Blackburn JD, Thomas AG. Reactions to male‐favouring versus female‐favouring sex differences: A pre‐registered experiment and Southeast Asian replication. Br J Psychol. 2020 Jul 23;bjop.12463.
4. Winegard B, Clark C, Hasty CR. Equalitarianism: A Source of Liberal Bias. SSRN Electron J [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2020 Dec 1]; Available from: https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3175680
5. Block K, Croft A, De Souza L, Schmader T. Do people care if men don't care about caring? The asymmetry in support for changing gender roles. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2019 Jul;83:112–31.
6. FeldmanHall O, Dalgleish T, Evans D, Navrady L, Tedeschi E, Mobbs D. Moral Chivalry: Gender and Harm Sensitivity Predict Costly Altruism. Soc Psychol Personal Sci. 2016 Aug;7(6):542–51.
7. Awad E, Bonnefon J-F, Shariff A, Rahwan I. The Thorny Challenge of Making Moral Machines: Ethical Dilemmas with Self-Driving Cars. NIM Mark Intell Rev. 2019 Nov 1;11(2):42–7.
8. Davies M, Smith R, Rogers P. Police Perceptions of Rape as Function of Victim Gender and Sexuality. Police J Theory Pract Princ. 2009 Mar;82(1):4–12.
9. Eagly AH, Crowley M. Gender and helping behavior: A meta-analytic review of the social psychological literature. Psychol Bull. 1986;100(3):283–308.
10. Curry TR, Lee G, Rodriguez SF. Does Victim Gender Increase Sentence Severity? Further Explorations of Gender Dynamics and Sentencing Outcomes. Crime Delinquency. 2004 Jul;50(3):319–43.
11. Mazzella R, Feingold A. The Effects of Physical Attractiveness, Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Gender of Defendants and Victims on Judgments of Mock Jurors: A Meta-Analysis1. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1994 Aug;24(15):1315–38.
12. Stewart-Williams S. Gender, the Perception of Aggression, and the Overestimation of Gender Bias. Sex Roles. 2002;46(5/6):177–89.
13. Reynolds T, Howard C, Sjåstad H, Zhu L, Okimoto TG, Baumeister RF, et al. Man up and take it: Gender bias in moral typecasting. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 2020 Nov;161:120–41.
14. Ceci SJ, Williams WM. Women have substantial advantage in STEM faculty hiring, except when competing against more-accomplished men. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1532.
15. Williams WM, Ceci SJ. National hiring experiments reveal 2:1 faculty preference for women on STEM tenure track. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2015 Apr 28;112(17):5360–5.
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Dallas Cowboys Halloween costumes is at the top of any Cowboys fans wish list for Halloween costumes. Featured below are Dallas Cowboys Halloween costumes for kids and adults.
Football player costumes are really popular with the youth today. Kids love to imitate their gridiron heroes on Halloween. These Dallas Cowboys uniform kits are perfect for Halloween Costumes. For the boys, there are complete uniform sets that has a helmet, jersey, football pants and a number kit, or there is also a helmet and jersey set you can buy. These are available in many sizes. For the girls there are Cheerleader uniforms in many sizes.
Everything your family needs to dress up as a Cowboys football player for Halloween is for sale below. Guys can dress up as a football player from America's favorite NFL team with a replica jersey, a replica helmet and some shoulder pads. If you really want to go all out on a costume, add some football player pants and sports cleats.
Here are the most popular items for children who wish to dress up in Dallas Cowboys football gear for Halloween. Take one of these super hero capes and combine it with a child size Cowboys uniform to create a super hero football player outfit. Your child can get dressed up as his football hero with these complete costume and uniform kits. Click on the image to get more details and to place your order.
Men can dress up as Tony Romo or any of the Cowboys football players for costume parties or trick or treating with the family. Everything you need to create Dallas Cowboys Halloween Costumes is right here!
Ladies, dress up in one of these super cute replica jerseys that sport popular jersey numbers from famous Cowboys players. Add a pair of shoulder pads, a football helmet and some football pants and your costume is complete!
The Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders are the most well known group of cheerleaders in the world. You or your daughter can dress up in a complete Cowboys cheerleaders costume for Halloween. Here are just a few of the best Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders costumes.
Don't forget the family pet! Here are some nice Dallas Cowboys pet jerseys so you can dress up your dog for Halloween too!


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Lipper Alpha Insight - Fund Manager Chat
Fund Manager Chat: Global Outlook 2020 - Maria Municchi, M&G
In this #FundManagerChat podcast, Maria Municchi, portfolio manager within the Multi-Asset team at M&G, shares her thoughts on the key drivers influencing her portfolio construction as we move into 2020.
Running Order Run Time Topic 00:20 What is the impact of central bank and interest rate policy? 02:35 What is your view on global volatility? 03:35 How important are geopolitical issues at the moment? 05:20 What is your broad outlook for equities and bonds 09:00 What opportunities does ESG and Impact investing hold for you? 12:30 What should investors be wary of in 2020? What are some of the tailwinds?
Maria Municchi is chatting with Jake Moeller, Head of Lipper UK and Ireland Research at Refinitiv, in London on December 17, 2019.
About Maria Municchi
Maria Municchi joined M&G in 2009 and is a member of the Multi Asset team and the Positive Impact team. She is the fund manager of the M&G Sustainable Multi Asset Fund and also deputy fund manager of the M&G Episode Income Fund.
Before joining M&G, Maria worked at Barings and UBS Asset Management. She has an MSc in international management and finance and is a CFA charterholder.
Lipper delivers data on more than 265,000 collective investments in 61 countries. Find out more.
This material is provided for as market commentary and for educational purposes only and does not constitute investment research or advice. Refinitiv cannot be held responsible for any direct or incidental loss resulting from applying any of the information provided in this publication or from any other source mentioned. Please consult with a qualified professional for financial advice.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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More About Illuminati Cult
Screenshot from Rihanna's Illuminati Son For those requesting for list of Pastors in Illuminati, we do not have the official list. My story could have been different, maybe i could have been Illuminati by now. The author of this article may or may not agree with the views expressed on those pages, or anything else on this site. As far as I know rotaians have some connection with masons. The cult is believed to have started way back in 1776 by a man named Adam Weishaupt in Ingolstadt Bavaria. The Source Family was a California-based cult from the 1960-70's whose beliefs and practices were characteristic of the Illuminati religion. Several of Grande's music videos also demonstrate her connection and service to the Illuminati and to their predictive programming and occult symbolism. Each isolated cell of initiates reported to a superior, the identity of whom they did not know. Illuminati: Illuminati is a Greek word meaning Illumination a name given to those who submitted to a Christian baptism. About The Illuminati The Illuminati is an elite organization of world leaders, business authorities, innovators, artists, and other influential members of this planet. com) Julian Assange was born in 1971. 21 Goals of the Illuminati and The Committee of 300. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. the "Money" video is "Freemason porn" has more than 13,000 views. This is how business is controlled and the media is the most important part of business, for it controls people's minds. This video only touches on the symbolism that is. To apply and be a memebr contact our agent on the number below. Members were requested to surrender individual judgement and will. More Join the Illuminati and Become Rich and Famous. Hall, 33rd Degree Freemason "An Encyclopedic Outline of Masonic, Hermetic, Quabbalist and Rosicrucian Sumbolical Philosophy. Take a read and examine. The time has come to reveal the next stage of the Illuminati's globalist agenda. Reducing Church Influence In his 1798 sermon, Morse claimed that the Illuminati had masterminded the French Revolution and wanted to destroy all established governments and churches. and ere other oppressed people in the hood? M ANT G ERMAN ORKERS TTEMPT A UTION IN BERLIN, J Y 1919 8 IATI TY MAKES B AD PEOPLE FOR C AL the forces reducible this tant. If Rihanna wont accept Jesus in her heart she will be swimming with satan in the lake of fire forever…I'm 100% sure Rihanna wont LIKE THE WAY IT. 2 Illuminati Although the history of the Illuminati started back with the founding of the Babylonian Magi Cult, and its Kabbalistic and Mithraic beliefs in the sixth century BC, according to Gershom Scholem (1897-1982) (as quoted in Livingstone), the modern version started with the Lurianic. The not so eagerly anticipated sequel to the sucky 2013 movie of the same name The Purge: Anarchy, is set for release later this month and if the trailer is anything to go by it will predictably centre around some familiar illuminati industry themes intended to subconsciously manipulate the minds of the viewing masses into […]. internal problems were already leading the Illuminati cult to termination. This is because crime is in the process of changing its shape and form. Join the illuminati cult online today and get instant sum of 300million. The 13 Families (Click Here For More Information). Higher and more powerful secrets were promised to those who progressed up the ladder of initiations. —False Religions — "For false Christs and false prophets shall rise, and shall shew signs and wonders, to seduce, if it were possible, even the elect. the "Money" video is "Freemason porn" has more than 13,000 views. Illuminati Symbols from Google Earth you will see more symbols as a compass, a pyramid and a Nazi cross. " Cult members can be spotted easily by the fact that they repeat in their generation three or more of the following lies. (ISBN: 9781439211489) from Amazon's Book Store. The one thing that we cannot ignore is that recently people claiming to be former Illuminati members have been telling their experience with this cult. Top Ten Conspiracy Movies - Illuminati Rex picks the 10 Hollywood movies that best portray archetypal elements of the conspiracy subculture. Thus, as a person climbs that "Jacob's Ladder" toward self-perfection in the realm of the occult, the number '13' represents the state of divine perfection, self-achieved perfection, and Illumination (6+7 = 13). 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed. Discussion in ' He's more than likely just trying to be edgy in order to gain attention. 2 Illuminati Although the history of the Illuminati started back with the founding of the Babylonian Magi Cult, and its Kabbalistic and Mithraic beliefs in the sixth century BC, according to Gershom Scholem (1897-1982) (as quoted in Livingstone), the modern version started with the Lurianic. Updated March 17, 2018: The Illuminati: Symbols, Signs, Meanings & History Revealed Even though it had been in existence for long, it was only very recently that people became aware of that powerful satanic global cult group, The Illuminati. It's been just over a month since Jay-Z's 4:44 album landed. Duke Karl Theodore Dalberg (1744-1817) ordered a complete investigation into the matter. REVEALED: Inside the 5 secret societies that REALLY control the world… SOME conspiracy theories are absolutely absurd - but genuine secret societies that exert a mysterious influence on the. For the past year, Hillary Clinton has been wearing a new lapel pin that is distinctive, to say the least. We list these periods for you, below. Popularized in recent books and movies, the Illuminati conspiracy has definitely reached "cult fiction" status. Our coalition unites influencers of all political, religious, and geographical backgrounds to further the prosperity of the human species as a whole. Devil, illuminati, antichrist and Rebecca Black or the crazies came out to play I knew that writing about the Devil will be hard, not because its the devil but because I would have to sift through god knows how much poop to find proper literature and go on trips to the far and weird corners of YouTube. Illuminati: The Cult That Hijacked the World gives clear insight who currently rules the world since the "dark ages" by creating wars, boom-bust economics and degrading the world's population to flocks of ants staged to wage war with each other at any given time. By forgoing all divisions of religious, geographical, or political beliefs, followers of Illuminatiam strive to form a planet where all people, in all places, can live in Abundance. There are only two tests of a life well lived, L. Illuminati. This cult represents Masonic and Jewish bankers who finagled a monopoly over government credit which allows them to charge interest on funds they create out of nothing. Welcome to all post of illuminati cult where all your heart desire are granted and power over all things in the world, this is well know fact that the illuminati church consist of multi billionaires and have power, weath, riches and be a famous person in the world. That was the 18th century Illuminati. Most believe the Illuminati used their considerable influence to "brand" their symbology on the dollar bill. No matter what you're looking for or where you are in the world, our global marketplace of sellers can help you find unique and affordable options. Bizarre and incredible as it sounds, humanity has been colonized by a satanic cult called the Illuminati. Members of the Illuminati are generally not publicly associated with the group, so this adds to the secretive nature of the Illuminati. With this all your dreams and heart desire can be fully accomplish, Illuminati cult online today and get instant sum of 1 million dollars with a free home anywhere you choose to live in the world and also get 2500 dollars monthly as a salary… If you are interested. Surely these celebrities would have more common sense than to put themselves in a public situation where they are using this hand gesture. This is how business is controlled and the media is the most important part of business, for it controls people's minds. I don't know if this event was a desperate attempt to pull in new minions or to highlight the secret society that is growing inside of Organo Gold. 0 Triple 6 Also known as: 666. The following article serves as a record of events. I would go to therapy, talk, try to help my inside people, then would feel immense panic and fear, as well as suicidal urges afterwards. Indeed, behind the fun and games, these pics reveal the underlying ideology and the mind state of the occult elite – which is apparently also used in the countless MK/Illuminati theme music videos discussed on this site. The name derives from the Latin illuminatur, which means "enlightened. The Living Income Guaranteed (LIG) is not the Basic Income. To continue to build up the cult of Christian Fundamentalism begun by the but more especially the. The original Bavarian Illuminati was a secret society that was rumored to control world affairs in the 1700s, including the French Revolution. He became an Illuminati slave before they killed him. Weaving nonsense from the Kennedy assassination to the deeper and more insidious nature of the Illuminati. I already know some, like jay z, kanye west, walt disney etc. Top 10 Things You Should Know About the Illuminati The Illuminati is one of the most misunderstood and misrepresented organizations in all of history. Use our official website for details on our members, contact information, how to join the Illuminati, our beliefs, message archives, and more. The Illuminati was actually more concerned with politics than the occult, and Weishaupt was actually an atheist. Albert Einstein broke off ties with Goverment refusing to work with the United Nations to maintain nuclear weapons as a deterrent to conflict. How the Denver Airport Became an Icon of the Illuminati. "Today's modern 'Illuminati' is nothing more than a racist, anti-Semitic, and sometimes paranoid version of an unreachable fantasy; a societal meme that has taken hold in a portion of the. The prehistoric origin of Illuminati traces back thousands of years following a genetic cross-breeding between the human race and reptilian extraterrestrial beings however the modern Illuminati group was founded on the first of May, 1776 which was the same year that America became independent. Circumstantial evidence leads me to believe that it is a cult based upon the old religion of Egypt. Thus, as a person climbs that "Jacob's Ladder" toward self-perfection in the realm of the occult, the number '13' represents the state of divine perfection, self-achieved perfection, and Illumination (6+7 = 13). It was the first German nationalist groups to use the symbol of the swastika as an emblem linking Eastern and Western occultism. jobs and more will be on. But this is for the individual reader to decide. No matter what you're looking for or where you are in the world, our global marketplace of sellers can help you find unique and affordable options. Over the past 20 years, several journalists have exposed the sadistic and ritualistic practices of DOS ("Dominant Over Submissive"). I think that's what's happening here. While running our series 'The Illuminati: How the Cult Programs People' we received a few emails that were of somewhat skeptical nature and/or requesting more information. Share On more More Share On tumblr Messi is either a member of the Illuminati, or their mortal enemy. A central symbol for Illuminati is the Eye in the Triangle. ILLUMINATI HOTSPOTS 1. There's allegedly so many celebrities in the Illuminati you can't put out a bubblegum pop song without someone declaring there's hidden messages all over it. Illuminati Scarface : Leaving a cult with style "All I have in this world is my balls and my word and I don't break them for no one". By Timothy Fitzpatrick. The one thing that we cannot ignore is that recently people claiming to be former Illuminati members have been telling their experience with this cult. The original Illuminati was an 18th century secret society in Europe that sought to drastically, yet subversively, affect society. How you guys think serious people will take you serious is beyond belief! Wish you guys should steer clear a. Money, or more appropriately the pursuance of money is the major driving force in most peoples lives today. 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, and so on were widely worshiped by the Illuminati cult in numerology particularly when it comes to setting dates for events. The Illuminati looms large in QAnon, as do the Rothschilds, a wealthy Jewish family vilified by the conspiracy theorists as the leaders of a satanic cult. Like earlier secret societies Weishaupt's Illuminati promised to reveal an ancient wisdom. The following facts and figures will prove 9/11 is a Jesuit Illuminati job. Conspiracy Illuminati and CULTS. THE ILLUMINATI – The Cult that Hijacked the World. The Living Income Guaranteed (LIG) is not the Basic Income. It was a cult but many of the known members (at least once the group made it to this country) are actually Christian. Buy Illuminati: The Cult that Hijacked the World by Henry Makow Ph. Are you a business man or woman,artist, political, musician, student, do you want to be rich, famous, powerful in life, join the Illuminati brotherhood cult today and get. Archetypes - the shadow, the trickster, journey of the hero **. This is a book for those who are already familiar with my past writings. To apply and be a memebr contact our agent on the number below. See more ideas about Demons, Illuminati and Satan. If there is indeed some truth to the Illuminati conspiracy, the Illuminati are nothing but pawns in the hands of Satan, tools to be manipulated in his conflict with God. If You Are Interested Please Kindly Fill The Following Information To This Email Below For Consultant [email protected] 32,599 likes · 70 talking about this. That was the 18th century Illuminati. The strings are pulled by Zionist bankers, called the Illuminati. What the Illuminati does not know about you now, it will know in the future if you are accepted. Join the illuminati cult online today and get instant sum of 300million dollars. Licensed to YouTube by WMG (on behalf of Rhino); EMI Music Publishing, LatinAutor - SonyATV, ABKCO Music, Inc. +27623585868 Leave a comment Join the Illuminati and Become Rich and Famous. "Mary Anne" Recalls More Illuminati Horrors. He was romantically involved with several women from this cult group, mainly Jayne Mansfield and Marilyn Monroe. Either side your opinion lies, discussion of The Illuminati can be a fascinating subject. When you look around the World and you note some of the idiotic geopolitical decisions that have been taken in recent years - the incompetence, the corruption, the lying the pitting of one race or faction or country against another, the idiotic im. To back up this strong claim I need to collect some of their secret literature. In yesterday's much-anticipated interview with Oprah, Beyoncé finally admitted she was a member of the New World Order, also known as the Illuminati. been accused of being in the satanic cult. Modern notions about the Illuminati are the result of a satirical cult-classic book. This last day super power has been foretold in the Bible 2000 years ago and nothing will be able to bring it down. Many Nazi bloodlines were hidden after WW II under the Mennonite/Amish cover. Members were requested to surrender individual judgement and will. Thus, the occult calendar is comprised of four periods of 13 weeks each. The evidence of an Illuminati bloodline in this family springs from the fact that JFK was closely related to Anton LaVey (the founder of the Satanic Church in the 60s). Rothchilds and the New World Order; Is This the Future? (Part 4) A History Lesson On Islam! What About the Refugees? What About the Illegal Immigrants? United Kingdom Votes to Leave the European Union!. Original art printed in the USA. Anyway they got disbanded by the government. over a hill and witness some devil cult in black. The mind doesn't function based on logic. internal problems were already leading the Illuminati cult to termination. Is that true? And do they have any connections with illuminati or anything satanic and NWO based? No. More than five years after the news of the alleged child sex. There's a painting in the airport in Colorado that people think is really an illuminati base because there's a weird painting painted on the wall there. The Beatles made the West more degraded, divided and weak. While running our series 'The Illuminati: How the Cult Programs People' we received a few emails that were of somewhat skeptical nature and/or requesting more information. Companies have to do a lot more managing of their images in the era of Twitter, Instagram and other social media channels. Beyoncé, Katy Perry, Madonna, Kim Kardashian, and Justin Bieber are all among the celebrities who have been accused of supposedly belonging to the Illuminati in the past. Now that I can hear the malevolent agenda behind the songs; they're ruined for me. For Borderlands 3 on the PlayStation 4, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Another major title with Illuminati death cult secret society symbolism througho". , UNIAO BRASILEIRA DE EDITORAS DE. Not celebrities that gave their life to music and who are pinpointed as decoys for people who really run the. Welcome to all post of illuminati cult where all your heart desire are granted and power over all things in the world, this is well know fact that the illuminati church consist of multi billionaires and have power, weath, riches and be a famous person in the world. "My snake, I tried, I had to kill him," Jolie said. Below is our Basic Beliefs and statements. An Illuminati Grand Master once said that the world is a stage and we are all. Top 10 Things You Should Know About the Illuminati The Illuminati is one of the most misunderstood and misrepresented organizations in all of history. Log In or Sign Up to View. Welcome to all post of illuminati cult where all your heart desire are. The Truth About The So Called British "Royal Family": They are ALL Jews! Join the Illuminati cult online today and More of my countrymen suffered horrific. The author of this article may or may not agree with the views expressed on those pages, or anything else on this site. "Either convert to Islam or die. There are more revealing secrets you have probably not heard, just read on. Welcome to all post of illuminati cult where all your heart desire are granted and power over all things in the world, this is well know fact that the illuminati church consist of multi. Satan's false prophet - Illuminati cult - assassin, HSBC, Svali and mind control and transnational Satanic Crime and a more stedfast witness of truth, than. I go into further detail on the unicorn-Babel-Moloch connection in the Occult & Illuminati holiday traditions post. I would go to therapy, talk, try to help my inside people, then would feel immense panic and fear, as well as suicidal urges afterwards. It was the first German nationalist groups to use the symbol of the swastika as an emblem linking Eastern and Western occultism. He was romantically involved with several women from this cult group, mainly Jayne Mansfield and Marilyn Monroe. To join the illuminati first you have to be talented or useful in some kind of way. Last month here on Halloween Love I wrote up a think piece about the oft-maligned sequel Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation, wherein I dug deep into some of the film's more interesting aspects, convinced that there's more to it all than meets the eye. The prehistoric origin of Illuminati traces back thousands of years following a genetic cross-breeding between the human race and reptilian extraterrestrial beings however the modern Illuminati group was founded on the first of May, 1776 which was the same year that America became independent. Illuminati Satanic Ritual Cult that eats babies for Moloch. Why do you need to know how to join the Illuminati?. CARM is a 501(c)3, non-profit, Christian ministry dedicated to the glory of the Lord Jesus Christ and the promotion and defense of the Christian Gospel, doctrine, and theology. riches and be a famous person in the world. Our coalition unites influencers of all political, religious, and geographical backgrounds to further the prosperity of the human species as a whole. New LA has been home to a number of awful cult-related events over the decades, but time constantly marches on. Organo Gold's Illuminati Agenda Welcome to the 7 figure home owned by Organo Gold's (pimp) favorite marketing piece (whore). This planet's greatest transformation is ahead: a new world order in which all people, in all places, can live in Abundance. Although they appear to be upstanding citizens --lawyers, doctors, police officers etc. but actually they are devil worshippers and they are all under his control&that's pretty scary,because he is a real spirit&he can cause anyone that summons him,,to do whatever he wants,these are definitely the last days&he is. The du Pont family today i represented at the sixth Illuminati level -the Pilgrim Society. The Jewish Cult Behind Illuminati/NWO One finger nail of a Jew is worth more than the entire non-Jewish world populations (That includes Europeans, Muslims. That was the 18th century Illuminati. "Either convert to Islam or die. The Committee of 300 (Illuminati) commissioned Cyrus Vance to write a paper on this subject of how to bring about such genocide. The Illuminati know this and use this suggestibility factor to the full. Drake is one of the most. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Illuminati : The Cult that Hijacked the World by Henry Makow (2008, Paperback) at the best online prices at eBay!. and according to conspiracy-theorists their goal is to implement a "new world order". They know the paparazzi are always watching and would jump on photographs like these, as they did. But surely you can kill a man in more ways then just shooting him with a gun!. More than five years after the news of the alleged child sex. One of them is the Owl of Minerva, the symbol of the Illuminati, the 18th century secret cult (Minerva is the Goddess of Wisdom in the Roman mythology). How to Fill Out the Illuminati Membership Application Form. Jim Duke uses his curiosity to bring you through his journey of research to expose the truth behind the facade, He analyzes society from a Christian view, exposing the New World Order conspiracy and the dark agenda of Secret Societies. org and worldfamousdesignjunkies. We list these periods for you, below. the "Money" video is "Freemason porn" has more than 13,000 views. Next you have to get in contact with an illuminati member. The Illuminati is considered a subculture Why? Not a mainstream culture, more of an underground society ; Doesn't go against the social norms ; The Illuminati society essentially sets up the social norms. Welcome to all post of illuminati cult where all your heart desire are. Not sure about the CULT OF EEL. Illuminati For 30 years, Talks Openly About Devious Plans To Topple America. Uganda: 18-Year-Old Arrested Over 'Illuminati Cult Recruitment' tweet. 666 hand sign, Six Six Six, Circle Eye, OK Sign, Okay. Indeed, behind the fun and games, these pics reveal the underlying ideology and the mind state of the occult elite - which is apparently also used in the countless MK/Illuminati theme music videos discussed on this site. Y'all, I Think My Cousin Joined an Illuminati Cult. But the conspiracy goes that they survived in secret and went more New Age. Beyonce's twin announcement 'proves she's a member of the Illuminati' as singer poses in PYRAMID stance for maternity shoot and so on were widely worshipped by the Illuminati cult in. ' Read more: Ariana Grande and the Illuminati Beta Kittens of Pop Culture. Our coalition unites influence-rs of all political, religious, and geographical backgrounds to further the prosperity of the human species as a whole. […] Illuminati symbolism in Beyonce ft. More Join the Illuminati and Become Rich and Famous. +27623585868 Join the Illuminate cult online today - Help line. Britney Spears - Baby One More Time in life, join the Illuminati brotherhood cult today and get instant rich sum of. So in that sense, the generic idea that they are a special group of the "unusually. You're covered by the. Read this article and you will decide your way forward. In yesterday's much-anticipated interview with Oprah, Beyoncé finally admitted she was a member of the New World Order, also known as the Illuminati. Is that true? And do they have any connections with illuminati or anything satanic and NWO based? No. 0 Triple 6 Also known as: 666. What is the Illuminati's favorite number? 5? Or 6? Or yet another? This article will explain how codes in words, linked to number/letter/sound, reveal key elements of the Construct. However, the original Illuminati was disbanded by the government of Bulgaria, when all secret societies were banned, though even before then, strong internal problems were already leading the Illuminati cult to termination. This whole environmental movement is elite controlled. We are loyal to the. Return to Tricked By The Light's MAIN page. Mar 6, 2019- Explore debzerda's board "Cult of Saturn aka Satanism or Synagogue of Satan" on Pinterest. To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: Cookie Policy. riches and be a famous person in the world. walk in the path of Jesus Christ till the end…and you'll have your reward in heaven. Cult Illuminati. I go into further detail on the unicorn-Babel-Moloch connection in the Occult & Illuminati holiday traditions post. Mar 13, 2017 · Inside the Illuminati with Rosie Kay and Adam Curtis "A cult called the Illuminati did exist in Bavaria in the 17th century, but no one really knows why so many young people believe they. More News About The Illuminati (Part 1) The Me-Generation is Growing Up! Will Britain Leave the European Union? Putin vs. Members were requested to surrender individual judgement and will. What seems to be seen with the illuminati can perhaps be described as cult like. Read this article and you will decide your way forward. But this is for the individual reader to decide. Keith was going to expose this. The Beatles made the West more degraded, divided and weak. the hero worship and the bizarre monikers masked far more disturbing things going on behind the scenes. – Vanity Fair, The Heiress and the Cult. So it is more than a bit ironic that Wilson, throughout the rest of the text, proceeds to perpetuate and expand upon similar myths, and in the process manages to take it to a whole new level. Welcome to all post of illuminati cult where all your heart desire are granted and power over all things in the world, this is well know fact that the illuminati church consist of multi billionaires and have power, weath, riches and be a famous person in the world. I really do feel for the jay-z lovers and the kanye worshipers (plus many more illuminati people) Words of advice: Jesus died for you not kanye or jay z. 6 6 6 LOGOS: 666 Logo, Walt Disney: Satanic Illuminati Symbols & Signs of the Mark of the Beast. All "Illuminati" actually means is "enlightened. More modern-day interpretations see the cult as in. This site is about Satan, Satanism, Prayers to Satan, Hymn to Satan, Pacts with the Devil, the Black Mass, Black Magic Rituals, Necromancy, Spells and Witchcraft. But it was found out, he was a clone. As far as I know rotaians have some connection with masons. Weaving nonsense from the Kennedy assassination to the deeper and more insidious nature of the Illuminati. As we all know Drake is releasing a new album titled "Views from the 6" now many people may not know but the 6 is a satanic number and represents the Illuminati. 6 6 6 LOGOS: 666 Logo, Walt Disney: Satanic Illuminati Symbols & Signs of the Mark of the Beast. Fleur de Lys, Swastika, Two-Headed Eagle, Stars, Suns, Moons, etc. Henry Minton and five of his colleagues. In the town of Tequila, in Jalisco, Mexico, they found a family that makes award-winning tequila—traditionally. With Tom Hanks, Ewan McGregor, Ayelet Zurer, Stellan Skarsgård. It is common knowledge though, that both the Freemasons and the Illuminati had played a role in science and politics through the ages. The precise origins of Pepe the Frog are, like all imageboards memes, obscure and unimportant. Browse our collection of 156 Illuminati T-shirts, Mugs and more. For most people, Eyes Wide Shut is the first movie they think of when asked which Hollywood film best represents the modern Illuminati. I had to hear the story. 40,000+ articles posted by thousands of contributors spanning the entire cultural spectrum. Next you have to get in contact with an illuminati member. The original Greek text says …. The Illuminati is said to be the largest and most powerful secret society in the whole world with very powerful and influential members scattered all over the globe. Join the great illuminati fraternity cult today call: +2347060507634, Illuminati head office post, I am agent bernard jones,A fully Agent of this fatanity,i have been giving the priviledge to initiate and to register you as a full brotherhood,you that are ready this post you are been choose by the grand master. Illuminati Satanism And More? The Tin Foil Man. Still, Illuminati cult has the idea about total control over the world, and they desire to show people that it`s right to obtain everything you desire. It was a cult but many of the known members (at least once the group made it to this country) are actually Christian. The more paranoid believe that the Illuminati (or some equivalent, such as a cabal of reptilian shape-shifters) are still in business and manipulating, e. Cabalism, Freemasonry, Communism. Some have even written a tell it all book about what it takes to be in illuminati Kenya, the massive wealth gain and the horrifying ordeal of trying to leave the group. From Beyoncé to Justin B…. Get this from a library! Cults, conspiracies, and secret societies : the straight scoop on Freemasons, the Illuminati, Skull and Bones, Black Helicopters, the New World Order, and many, many more. We are ambassadors of light. Approximately six months after the interview, Svali disappeared. Bizarre and incredible as it sounds, humanity has been colonized by a satanic cult called the Illuminati. The Center, Concentric Circles, and the Number 11 in the OTO. There is never public disagreements with the leaders. WELCOME TO THE GREAT BROTHERHOOD. , 112) With this made evident, the evidence of Hollywood as an occult empire only mounts, and we can see the above film examples as an interesting juxtaposition of 40s crime with subtle occult undertones continues to suggest even more. A central symbol for Illuminati is the Eye in the Triangle. Albert Einstein broke off ties with Goverment refusing to work with the United Nations to maintain nuclear weapons as a deterrent to conflict. If you ever wondered why the lives of Hollywood stars are so troubled but concluded the reason was nothing more than vanity, substance abuse, and too much money, think again. HEAD OFFICE CONTACT: +19045929498. and you desire WEALTH, INFLUENCE, FAMOUS, POWER AND PROTECTION AND HAVE CONNECTION and lot more join the great illuminati today, to benefits $250000 weekly and $1000000 monthly as membership blseeing for joining the member of the illuminati. —False Religions — "For false Christs and false prophets shall rise, and shall shew signs and wonders, to seduce, if it were possible, even the elect. The Illuminati cult. Fleur de Lys, Swastika, Two-Headed Eagle, Stars, Suns, Moons, etc. Weaving nonsense from the Kennedy assassination to the deeper and more insidious nature of the Illuminati. A photograph shows Barack Obama dressed as Lucifer for an 'Illuminati ritual. The Illuminati operates in defense of you and all humans, in all places, and of all generations. "Today's modern 'Illuminati' is nothing more than a racist, anti-Semitic, and sometimes paranoid version of an unreachable fantasy; a societal meme that has taken hold in a portion of the. Welcome to all post of illuminati cult where all your heart desire are granted an power over all things in the world, this is well know fact that the illuminati church consist of multi billionaires and have power, weath, riches and be a famous person in the world. Queenborough more Illuminati as ewish the s same Winrod called vil drew as hrist. Keith was going to expose this. we make your business grow faster and empower you…Joining the Illuminati brings you into the limelight of the world. The more I remembered, the WORSE I became, and decompensated. Buy Book Svali Speaks - Breaking free of cult programming [Illuminati Insider Speaks Out]. Some Amish women in cult families have let the Illuminati impregnate them with stronger bloodlines. In yesterday's much-anticipated interview with Oprah, Beyoncé finally admitted she was a member of the New World Order, also known as the Illuminati. I became curious and wanted to know if some celebrities and some stuff i watch on tv are part of the illuminati. Do you want to be a member of Illuminati as a brotherhood that will make you rich and famous in the world and have power to control people in the high place in the worldwide. The not so eagerly anticipated sequel to the sucky 2013 movie of the same name The Purge: Anarchy, is set for release later this month and if the trailer is anything to go by it will predictably centre around some familiar illuminati industry themes intended to subconsciously manipulate the minds of the viewing masses into […]. Companies have to do a lot more managing of their images in the era of Twitter, Instagram and other social media channels. The hijackers in the September 11 attacks were 19 men affiliated with al-Qaeda, and 15 of the 19 were citizens of Saudi Arabia. To join the illuminati first you have to be talented or useful in some kind of way. The Illuminati is supposedly made up of the world's most powerful on a mission of global domination, but who's in this secret 'cult'? This 'elite organisation' is supposedly made up of. 11 Reasons The New Pope Is Clearly In The Illuminati. 32,599 likes · 70 talking about this. […] Illuminati symbolism in Beyonce ft. The evidence of an Illuminati bloodline in this family springs from the fact that JFK was closely related to Anton LaVey (the founder of the Satanic Church in the 60s). In 1798, fifteen years after the Jesuit's Illuminati was supposedly disbanded, the first President of the United States, George Washington, a high ranking Freemason, mentioned the Illuminati's goal to separate the people from their government - the very reason for which the Jesuits were expelled by more than 100 countries, in his letter in the Library of Congress. All orders are custom made and most ship worldwide within 24 hours. Illuminati Satanism And More? The Tin Foil Man. They are called Illuminati, Freemasons, Templers, etc. The Jay-Z Illuminati hype is huge and Jay-Z is banking off of it. But keep one eye out for the one-eye sign. 16 Mind-Blowing Facts The Illuminati Don't Want You To Know. All you really need to know is that sometime around 2010, a sad-looking cartoon frog began to trend among posters on 4chan. There is no evidence to suggest that Freemasons were behind him founding the Illuminati or wanted to merge with this new secret society. They were a subsect of the much more well-established Freemasons' guild, and they despised the superstitious, the occult and the… Everything You Need to Know About the Secret Cult Ruling Hip-Hop. Our coalition unites influencers of all political, religious, and geographical backgrounds to further the prosperity of the human species as a whole. A History of Zionism, Illuminati, New World Order and their related events. The members of the Illuminati believe also that a chance of success is more likely if the same number is multiplied several times so they will schedule a special event on a date that has a run of three. I thought it was one of the most hilarious things I ever heard with all the close calls!! Read more. population that has infi. HEAD OFFICE CONTACT: +19045929498. All this chaos, genocide, ethnic cleansing and disaster we see in this world have a genuine purpose. Join the illuminati cult online today and get instant sum of 300million dollars with a free home anywhere you choose to live in the world and also get 100,000,000 dollars monthly as a salary… If you are interested please kindly fill the following information's to this email below ([email protected] com or whatsapp the temple. Take a read and examine. another through what we call the "Scholars Union," or more accurately, "THE ALEXANDRIAN CULT. Lure familiars close to confirm the wards work 2 Acquire anima charges from 5 familiars. And that raised its whorey head in our colonies here at the critical period before the adoption of our Federal Constitution. the illuminati cult of hollywood unmasked If you ever wondered why the lives of Hollywood stars are so troubled but concluded the reason was nothing more than vanity, substance abuse, and too much money, think again. Illuminati makes your business grow faster than you can ever imagine,illuminati brings out the talent in you and make you famous, as you become a member of illuminati order you will receive 2,000,000 US DOLLARS instantly on your Bank Account, these and many more other benefits you stand to gain, so if you are interested to be a member contact. How the Denver Airport Became an Icon of the Illuminati. Part of the ellipsis above on the Illuminati FAQ was the admission "Musicians who use Illuminati symbols do so to sell more records. I've seen many things about the Illuminati, Hollywood, governments and dictators etc and I can't exactly remember how it started by looking more into it. The actual Illuminati was a secret society, founded in 1776 in Bavaria (now in Germany). And am I the only one who keeps seeing that not everything is a "coincidence" it's a sign. It's been just over a month since Jay-Z's 4:44 album landed. According to laserhorse. Learn what the Bible has. While other Christian ministries have reported this pin, none of them has recognized it for the Illuminati symbol it truly is, largely because no one in those ministries is fully conversant in the occult. Nxivm had all the hallmarks of a money-scamming cult — but the truth was far, far worse. To apply and be a memebr contact our agent on the number below. Eyes Wide Shut – A Curious Phrase: The phrase Eyes Wide Shut relates to one of the methods the Illuminati employ to hide their crimes and nefarious activities. Now I know why: the group was an Illuminati creation. The conspiracy is Roman Catholic, their target is Reformation, Reformation is the freedom that our modern civilization is based up on. The name given to it was the Order of the Illuminati. ] on Amazon. A Cult is a Cult. THE ILLUMINATI CULT. […] Illuminati symbolism in Beyonce ft. 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, and so on were widely worshiped by the Illuminati cult in numerology particularly when it comes to setting dates for events. The Illuminati have become synonymous with the concept of control, power and outright evil. Indeed, behind the fun and games, these pics reveal the underlying ideology and the mind state of the occult elite – which is apparently also used in the countless MK/Illuminati theme music videos discussed on this site. But Jennifer Hudson ain't having it. The Illuminati is a group of families that trace their history back to thirteen root bloodlines.


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Energy, utilities and transportation sectors in the UAE will see massive growth in the next two decades as the government will pump Dh1.3 trillion in the development of these sectors, analysts said.
They said that the huge investment is expected to boost economic growth and create more jobs in the country.
Dr Yahya Anouti, principal at Strategy& Middle East, said most of the new investment will go into oil and gas, power, water and transportation sectors in the next 20 years with a large chunk of spending on oil and gas will mainly come from Abu Dhabi.
Following the experiences of resource-rich countries around the world, he said the most impact has been associated with the extractive industries – oil and gas sector in case of the UAE.
Avin Gidwani, CEO, BNC Network, said the UAE has a long-term plan and as it increases investments in non-hydrocarbon sectors to build sustainable economy that is independent of oil.
"Though the development will span across all the emirates of the UAE, our analysis suggests that Dubai and Abu Dhabi will continue to attract the most investment. We expect the region to experience large investments in the transportation, sustainable power generation and mega-urban developments," he said.
Recently, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (Adnoc) has announced plan to invest Dh165 billion in downstream sector. Also, the UAE is investing billions of dirhams in transportation sector such as Etihad Rail, Dubai Metro and Hyperloop.
According to Middle East Rail, $250 billion is expected to be invested in the Middle East on various railway projects over the next decade. This year alone, it's estimated that spending on 162 regional projects to be over $86.7 billion.
In addition, billions of dirhams are currently being pumped into the development and expansion of Al Maktoum International Airport and Abu Dhabi Airport.
According to Strategy& report, other GCC governments are also investing significant amount to develop infrastructure. Saudi Arabia is likely to spend Dh4 trillion ($1.1 trillion) from 2019-2038, while the UAE is scheduled to invest $350 billion over a similar time frame. These large development schemes can allow local companies not just to substitute imports, but also to grow non-oil exports by enhancing their capabilities.
"Not only will sectors such as the transportation and tourism experience growth, we will see emergence of new industries as the UAE takes the lead in developing new technologies in line with the vision for creating a knowledge-based economy," said Avin Gidwani of BNC Network.
Dr Raed Kombargi, partner, Strategy& Middle East stated that the trend towards local content requirements reflects an increasing recognition that the trillions of dollars that government spending on mining, oil and gas, power, water, and transportation infrastructure could potentially fuel economic growth, create jobs, and support broader national strategies.
According to Strategy& report, GCC governments need to think logically about how they balance the need to localise manufacturing while pursuing sound economic policies. There are many capabilities that the region does not possess because of its small size and hence needs to import to build infrastructure.
"Additionally, policymakers need to stress the importance of economic openness and free trade given the region's need to export. However, many governments have a sense of urgency that, although commendable, can lead to short-sighted and counterproductive policies," the report said.
With $1.2 trillion of roads, buildings and infrastructure projects planned across the GCC at the start of 2018, according to Research and Markets report, the region offers abundant opportunities for construction contractors, engineers, project managers and manufacturers.
In the next two decades, according to Strategy& non-OECD states are projected to spend more than $57 trillion on infrastructure projects, compared to $34 trillion by OECD countries, it said.
"UAE to invest Dh1.3 trillion in these sectors". KHALEEJTIMES 09 September 2018. WEB. 09 September 2018.


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Boot Making
Boot making in Stoney Middleton was first recorded in 1797 at Pine View, a small cottage off High Street. By the turn of the last century (1900) the tradition of boot making had expanded into family concerns, and became a major industry for the village. The Stoney Middleton factories only produced mens heavy duty working boots including boots for the army in WWI. The village is also home to the invention of the steel toe capped boot.
100 years ago, villages the size of Stoney Middleton, Eyam and Calver would have had at least one shoe and boot maker to keep its population well shod, and would have been capable of making 5 or more pairs each week even that long ago. So why did the villages end up with over a dozen shoe factories employing one third of the adult population as well as most children over the age of 14.
Grindleford Tannery
The area had some natural advantages over many places: a ready supply of good quality cattle from the local farms, good water supplies from the free flowing Derwent River, and a plentiful supply of lime for the leather tannery which was built in Grindleford. There was also plenty of cheap and skilled labour as the silk industry disappeared in the area.
As far back as the 1830s, there were also tanneries in Eyam, Hathersage, Calver, Tideswell and Peak Forest, but these would have been much smaller and supplying local needs only. By 1910 all but Grindleford tannery had gone. It had expanded to supply the whole area with superior quality leather, especially suitable for the heavy working boot maker.
Typical Tannery
The Tanning Process
The tanning process has changed little in the last 100 years. Once the animals are slaughtered and skinned, the hides are passed though large vats of lime to loosen the hairs away. After stripping, the hides are washed and dipped in tanning made from oak bark. They are then washed, died, oiled and polished. Heavy skins will have a final dip in paraffin grease for a waterproof finish, making them suitable for use in the heavy work boots traditionally made in the factories in Stoney Middleton.
The Years 1870 – 1910
The early use of simple shoe and boot making machinery made it possible to do more work in less space, this allowed family members to work together and create more jobs for the villagers.
By 1891 around one in three of the population of the local area above the age of thirteen were employed in the shoe factories or working from home.
In 1895 there were half a dozen shoe factories in Stoney Middleton, with many more in Eyam and Calver. The wages paid were less than £1 per week for a 59 hour week, half that of their equivalent workers elsewhere in the country.
Shoe being Hand Welted
The working hours were from 6am to 6pm with unpaid breaks for breakfast and dinner, and then 6am till 1pm on Saturdays. There were no facilities to eat in the factories; workers would have to walk home for their breaks. There were no unions to protect workers rights and workers could be sacked without notice for the slightest misdemeanours.
In many cases the men would have to bring their children to work to make up for the breadline wages in the factories, and skilled workers risked losing their jobs if they did not bring their children to work them. The children were paid around a quarter of the full wage, and women were paid around half the full wage, but often had to work full time in order to earn enough to live on.
Increased mechanisation allowed the larger businesses to work more efficiently, this put more pressure on smaller family businesses to compete for the work. Several smaller factories were forced out of business by the expanding industry in Norwich, Northampton and Leicester. This was despite the better wages paid in those areas.
By 1910 there were three large factories and three smaller ones left in Eyam, and four larger and two smaller boot making factories in Stoney Middleton. Only one remains today. William Lennon in Stoney Middleton continue to produce heavy working boots.
Stoney Middletons Factories
The factories in Stoney Middleton were: Cockers, Goddards (top storey of the Malthouse); Heginbothams at Prefect House (and later in Calver as well); Hinch and Mycock at Dale Bottom; Mason Brothers & Lennon (which moved into the Mill owned by Joseph ) in 1903; and Nugent's at Craigsteads (formerly occupied by Luther Heginbotham)
Eyam's Factories
Most of the buildings used as factories in Eyam still remain today. There were seven main factories owned by companies such as Ridgeway & Willis, Robinson's, West's, Ridgeway Brothers and Ireland & Froggatt. All the remaining factories have been converted into private housing.
West's factory was eventually demolished in 1970.
Joseph Heginbotham
Joseph Heginbotham established his family business in 1884 with his sons Luther, Mathew, William, and Harry the inventor of the steel toe cap boot originally made for miners in 1933. The family business had various factories in the village, including Craigstead (1896-97) a brick built factory on High Street as well as what is now Prefect House next to the butchers on The Dale.
The Strike Years 1918 – 1920
Boot and shoemakers strike parade,1918. Note the Eyam Variety players in their white uniforms. Bands provided music for many of the strike marches and also at social events during the dispute. Notice also the many children in the crowd. The young ones were keen to join in, but also helped their parents by running errands for coppers and fetching messages. The older ones (over 12) were either on strike or working in other jobs and boosting the family income.
In December 1917 John Buckle, an organiser for The National Union of Boot and Shoe Operatives (NUBSO) was asked to help the local factory workers as part of his national role. He held meetings with workers in The Reading Room in Stoney Middleton, and the Bulls Head in Eyam. As a result, in January 1918 the Eyam branch of the union was formed, initially with 43 male and 46 female members. No workers from Stoney Middleton joined the union at first, partly due to intimidation from the factory owners. Many however joined once the branch was formed. By February, most of the workers in the 8 main firms (5 in Stoney 3 in Eyam) had joined the union.
John Buckle described the situation thus:
They work 59 hours week, no bonus paid, and wages were near the bone. The worst I have seen. Can something be done for them? God help them all.
John Buckle
Wages and conditions in the two villages were poor compared to other parts of the country. In Leicester, where the union was strong, men were earning between 75 and 100s (£5) for a 52 1/2 hour week in 1918, whereas in Stoney Middleton they were earning only 36s (£1. 16 shillings) for 59 hours. Women's' wages in the local factories were described as 'near to the bone', 12- 15s a week for 55-56 hrs. Women in other big footwear making areas could earn 2 to 3 times that much, and for a shorter week.
The vast majority of boot and shoe companies around the country recognised the union and entered into agreements with NUBSO. But in Stoney Middleton and Eyam, the employers' attitude was hostile. On 12th January, William Slater, the Eyam Branch secretary was given a week's notice by his employers, Ridgeway Brothers. The firm stated that they would have ' no dictation from the union.' Mr Tom Barber the Branch president was sacked by E. West and Son. In total, at least 11 workers were dismissed because of their actual or alleged union involvement.
The companies refused to meet union representatives, or consider workers requests for improvement in conditions or payment of a war bonus. The union approached the Government to intervene and help avert a strike, but the employers turned down an offer of conciliation by the Ministry of Labour. Because the dispute arose during the First World War, there was an obligation on companies and unions to seek arbitration to resolve differences. The local boot and shoe firms however were unwilling to go to arbitration. It was only after all these channels had been tried that the union resorted to strike action.
Many of the families involved had sons in the forces. At least one of the main firms, Heginbotham's had produced army boots, and another, Mason Brothers & Lennon was repairing boots for the army. However the union view was that workers returning from the war should be able to expect decent jobs to come back to. Employers shouldn't exploit the war situation by worsening conditions, profiteering or refusing to recognize trade unions. A strike was a last resort, but in the circumstances they felt they had no alternative.
The strike began in March, with around 160 workers in 8 firms involved. The strikers had 4 demands: Recognition of the union; a reduction in hours to the nationally agreed 52.5 hour week; payment of a war bonus (agreed nationally by the union and the employers' federation); and reinstatement of the workers dismissed for their union activities.
Taking strike action carried great risks. Workers could be sacked. They could be evicted from their homes as many were owned by employers or their friends. Making ends meet was a constant challenge. Whilst the union paid strike pay, it wasn't enough to sustain families, and other income had to be sought. Family members who worked in different trades were able to help, and children played a key role e.g. running errands or helping to collect firewood.
The strikers held regular parades, headed by a local band, to gather support and boost morale. They also issued an appeal to NUBSO branches and other trade unions. They got good support from workers in Sheffield who brought over donations of cash and joined some of the parades.
Strikers and supporters in Stoney Middleton. John Buckle is on the right wearing a bowler hat. To his right, in the trilby hat is Bill Slater, the union branch secretary sacked by Ridgeway Brothers.
Support also came from more unlikely quarters. The vicar of Stoney Middleton, the Reverend John Riddlesden invited the strikers into St Martin's church for a special service. He preached on the theme of Cain and Abel's story and its central question 'Am I my brother's keeper?' , appealing to the conscience of local employers.
A local magistrate called William Nixon, who was to play a key role later in helping Stoney Middleton obtain mains water and sewage, tried to bring the sides together. A cutlery employer in Sheffield for over 50 years, Nixon had considerable experience of working constructively with trade unions. He tried to persuade the local employers to meet with union representatives and avoid lasting damage to the social fabric of the two villages. The employers refused and Nixon was exasperated by what he regarded as their out of date thinking and stubborn attitude.
One of the Stoney Middleton firms did agree to have talks. In May 1918, Heginbotham Brothers signed an agreement with NUBSO and the strike at their Prefect House Works was called off. Their pragmatic approach was probably because they'd had war contracts, and to get further contracts they'd need to adhere to nationally agreed pay and conditions. However the other employers refused to settle or accept a further offer of Government arbitration in the summer which followed the intervention of Will Thorne, a Trade Union leader and MP who came to Eyam and asked questions about the strike in Parliament.
The employers thought the strike would crumble in the cold winter months, but the strikers were determined to keep going. They came up with a new idea, to set up their own factory.
The workers and their union raised money for the new initiative in 1919. Donations came from NUBSO branches, Sheffield munitions workers and the Daily Herald newspaper.
John Buckle obtained land in Eyam (just off Tideswell Lane) and an old army hut. The strikers helped to lay a track and erect a stone building for the engine to run the machinery. After a lot of work, the new factory opened in 1920. The aim was to run the works on a cooperative basis and initially about 40 women were employed on union rates and hours.
Their decision to pay Union rates placed extra pressure on the factory owners to settle, but the employers remained intransigent. With the cooperative factory now open, and with many of the men obtaining other work, NUBSO decided to call the strike off. It had lasted nearly two and half years, and is believed to be the longest ever strike in the footwear trade in England.
Although only one company had settled with the union, the strike did lead to better pay and conditions in the other factories, and it inspired workers in other local industries to join trade unions and seek improvements. Sone strikers however were 'blacklisted'; and had to seek work elsewhere. There were deep divisions in the villages. Some soldiers returning from the war had been used as strike breakers, whilst others supported the union.
The seeds sown during the strike did however eventually bear more fruit. During World War Two, when demand for boots was again very high, the local union branch was re-started and all the four local firms remaining recognised NUBSO and implemented nationally agreed pay and conditions.
THE FULL STORY OF THE STRIKE IS TOLD IN A NEW BOOK 'The Air of Freedom' by Steve Bond and Philip Taylor
Copies are available, priced £6 from the Moon Inn, Stoney Middleton, or by post from: The Cordwainer, unit 8, Brough Business Centre, Bradwell, Hope Valley , S33 9HG. (Please add £2 for post and package, and make cheques payable to S.Bond)
The Co-operative Factory 1920 – 1923
Factory rules
Ethel Carlton Williams 1948
In 1948 Ethel visited Stoney Middleton researching for her book Companion into Derbyshire
Stoney Middleton has a flourishing industry-boot-making. There are no fewer than six factories, one is more than. a hundred years old. I asked the advice of a small boy, playing with an old motor tyre, which one I should visit. "Yon's best," he said, pointing up the hill – If you take boots there, they come back better than new. This was high praise, so along I went, and found a room crowded with benches, where men were making massive hob-nailed boots. No light ladies' footwear is made here. Only solid boots, which will last a life-time, and are guaranteed to keep out the wet, even in flood time. The weight of a finished pair is a revelation.
At first the noise seemed overwhelming. The clang of machines driving in rivets; the whirr of sewing machines; the friction of emery wheels, all blended into a subdued roar, yet in the tumult, each machine kept its individual noise. Gradually as my ears became accustomed to the din, I began to watch the process of boot-making. At the cutting table, a man with a sharp knife and keen eye was cutting uppers and tongues from a large sheet of leather. He measured the strip with his eye, laid on the pattern, and cut so that not a scrap of leather was wasted. Next, girl machinists were stitching the sides together, their needles passing through the thick leather as though it were chiffon. Another girl pressed the backs in a machine, while a third inserted the eyelets, which poured down a tube and were fastened into place, while she worked a foot pedal. Meanwhile another machine was cutting soles, and these were joined to the uppers by young boys, who knocked in the nails.
Downstairs heavy machines were completing the process of turning leather into finished boots. Here the clang was deafening. Two elderly workmen, veterans in their craft, were knocking iron "tackets" into the soles in neat rows; a more difficult art than anyone would suspect by watching them. Then came the last stage of all, when the leather was smoothed with an emery wheel, and any fragments rounded off with a sharp knife. The finished products are piled up by the door, and Stoney Middleton may well be proud of its industry, for it boasts that its products are sent to all parts of the world.
Ethel Carlton Williams Companion into Derbyshire 1948
Boot Making Today
Lennons Boot Factory
William Lennon is the only remaining boot factory to survive in the area. They have been making heavy boots for agriculture and industry in the same factory since 1904. Now into their fourth generation, the family company was established in 1899 to service the then burgeoning local quarrying and lead mining industries with quality work boots.
In 2010 The Cordwainer became the first new shoemaking business in the area for 100 years. Located near Bradwell, the Cordwainer manufactures bespoke orthopaedic footwear.
Local historian Steve Bond and shoemaker Philip Taylor have been compiling information about the shoe factories and the strike, with the intention of creating permanent displays at the new Heritage Centre in Stoney Middleton and Eyam Museum.
We are particularly interested to hear from relatives and descendants of those who owned and worked in the shoe factories, and those who remember the locations and names of the factory owners in the area.
Contact – use the 'Leave a reply' section below:
Published December 6th, 2014
Topics Boot making, Industry
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Cliff Lea says:
Boot making Eyam
Are you aware of the early 1734 reference to greasing boots and shoes in the Eyam area, using mineral oil found in the area.
Please put me in contact with lacal historian to whom I can send info.
Happy New Year to all
Colin Hall says:
Hi Cliff
Thank you very much for your comments.
You could send us the information via the contact us section on the website where you can upload documents.
Jane Thorp says:
I have just read the piece on the Boot factory and the Lennons of Stoney Middleton with great interest, my aunt (mother's elder sister) is Jean Lennon nee Rowarth who married Dennis Lennon, Percy Lennons son.
I have visited her lots whilst she is recovering from a major operation and strangely have spent hours talking about Dennis, Percy and the boot factory recently. Sadly Uncle Dennis is no longer with us but at eighty two Aunty Jean is still full of the old stories, lots of which I had never heard before, then this popped up via Facebook .
Thank you for your comments. Would your aunt share her memories with us? We could arrange to make a recording or alternatively you might like to write something down which we can add to the website.
Joan Kenning says:
My great grandfather was part of the Ridgeway family who owned the shoe factory there. His name was John and he was the second son. My aunts also told me the Ridgeways were architects and surveyors but this is all I know. John married and moved to Sheffield about 1880/1890 and I think they lost touch with his family. I believe there were/are two different Ridgeway families in Eyam. I would love to find out more and perhaps find my ancestors.
Glenn Trezza says:
Hi, Ms. Kenning, I think that the Ridgeways came to Eyam from the parish of Hope. Ms Valerie Neal and the late Mr Ivor Neal published searchable CDs with Excel spreadsheets of the Eyam and Hope parish registers including lots of Ridgeways. Did your John marry Amy Slater at Eyam on 9 Oct., 1882? If so, he was born 1st August 1857 and baptized at Eyam on 18 Oct 1857 and was the son of Joseph Ridgeway of Eyam and of Charlotte Hadfield (daughter of George Hadfield), who married at Eyam on 2 June 1857. Joseph and Charlotte's other children included: Jane, Sarah, Clara, Joe, George, and Mary Ridgeway. Joseph Ridgeway was baptised on 7 May 1826 at Eyam, died in 1911, and was the son of John Ridgeway (bpt 28 March 1802 at Eyam)and of Sarah Garlick (married 10 Sept 1820 at Eyam). John Ridgeway was the son of John Ridgeway and of Martha Rowbotham (married at Eyam on 29 August 1796). John Ridgeway senior was born at Grindlow and baptised at Hope on 2 June 1768 and buried at Eyam on 13 January 1824. John senior was the son of Isaac Ridgeway and of Mary Bagshaw, who married at the chapel of Peak Forest on 14 Dec 1749. I think that Isaac Ridgeway's baptism is missing at Hope, but can't remember.
There's another John Ridgeway baptised 1859 son George Ridgeway and Elizabeth Eyre, but this John stayed at Eyam so apparently wasn't your ancestor.
Hope the above is helpful/of interest. Best, Glenn T.
Angela Crook ( nee Cocker ) says:
My grandfather was Frederick Cocker, great grandfather Ezra Cocker both having a boot factory in Stoney. I would love to know more about them. I know the factory burnt down but little else. Any information would be great.
Hi, Ms. Crook, just saw your comment. If you're on Ancestry.co.uk, your cousin (and more distantly, mine) Robert Clark of New Zealand has a good family tree on the Cockers, using his research, some of mine, and I think some by your other cousin John Collyer, with some comments on the Cocker family's shoe business. I believe the Cocker shoe factory is also mentioned in the Stoney Middleton millennium book: "Stoney Middleton: A Working Village", and also in passing on Ms Rosemary Lockie's Derbyshire Local History webpage. I'm the fellow who wrote the genealogy pages on this SMHCCG website and am also your distant cousin several different ways (your great-grandparents Ezra Cocker and Ellen Cocker (nee Goddard) were both distant cousins of my Hallam great-great-grandfather–Cousin Robert Clark has some great photos of Ezra, Ellen, and some of their children on his Ancestry.co.uk family tree. Also, Frederick Cocker's wife, your great-grandmother, Charlotte Cocker (nee Furness) was also distantly related to my great-great-grandfather (way way back–our common Furness ancestor died in 1608!). We also share common descent from the Swift and Thornhill families of Stoney Middleton. So, as you probably know, your roots in Stoney and Eyam go way way back. Best wishes, your distant cousin, Glenn T.
Denis Connell says:
I am interested in purchasing a pair of boots. Have you a contact number please?
Alan Ridgway says:
I have researched my Ridg(e)way surname for many years, with worldwide contacts. My family were predominantly in Buckinghamshire from 1650 onwards and there may possibly be earlier lines in Devonshire and the north-west of England. I am intrigued with the bootmaker families in the Eyam locality from the 19th century or thereabouts; does anyone have strong connections with these families and their histories please, as my daughter noticed quite a number of gravestones in the church on a visit there a couple of years ago and one of them was the owner/landlord of the pub The Miners' Arms so I am lead to believe; (very interesting to me personally even if not directly connected !)
wilma adcock says:
I am also a great grandaughter of Ezra Cocker my grandmother being Marion Ellen Cocker the youngest of Ezras children, there is another cousin in New Zealand Owen Cocker who has a hive of information on every aspect of the family.
Pauline Duce says:
My great grandfather Stonewall Jackson was a shoe riveter in Stone Middleton. He was born in 1870 and died in1944. His brothers George,Thomas, Henry and Denis were also employed as shoemakers. I have read your article and have learnt so much more about how poor they were and it's really sad. Stonewalls son Harold was also a shoemaker and shopkeeper. He was my grandfathers brother. When I was at college in Sheffield in the 60s I visited my great aunt Martha who lived at The Bank. What a lovely village!
Steve Bond says:
Good to hear from you Pauline. When I was researching the boot and shoemakers strike, I came across your great grandfather. He was a member of the bootmakers union, NUBSO. He married Clara Barker I believe and the had 3 children, two of whom were also in the trade.
I don't know where you live but when we're able to install the memorial plaque to the strikers in Stoney, it would be lovely if you could attend the ceremony/. Steve
Barbara Brack says:
Do you make ladies knee length leather boots such as classic style riding boots.


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Tag: Players Union
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January 13, 1919 One of the most important meetings held in the history of the Football League took place in Manchester on Monday Mr. McKenna
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text:
Fundraising efforts benefit Alzheimers charity
Over £3000 was recently handed over to a leading dementia charity following a second year of successful fundraising by staff and residents.
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