The word "Jala" means the element of water, or the fluidity of water. Owner and teacher at Jala Yoga, Christa Mastrangelo, wanted the name of her studio to reflect the quality that she seeks to help students cultivate—the fluid, strong movement of water—both physically and mentally.
Mastrangelo has been practicing yoga since 1997, and has been an instructor for 10 years. She taught her first class at what was originally Mellow Moods Yoga (now Jala) in October of 2009. Jala currently has locations in both Shepherdstown and Winchester (VA).
"What started as an idea to offer three classes in that space with my brother Phil, grew quickly and organically into a studio offering several classes, with multiple teachers, within the year," she pointed out.
In Shepherdstown alone, Jala offers more than 30 classes weekly, and since joining with what used to be Harmony Healing Arts Center, the variety continues to grow.
Mastrangelo and the instructors at Jala make it a priority to understand how they can continually support and grow their community by improving the classes offered, by growing their skills, and cultivating a space in which every person who walks in the door feels at home.
There is a class for everybody at Jala, regardless of age, gender, or physical ability. In addition, Jala offers several workshops monthly, and teacher trainings for those who wish to teach or deepen their practice.
For more information, click the above link or find Jala on Facebook.
Shepherdstown Mayor Jim Auxer cares a lot about the environment. And as one of the Panhandle's greenest, most outdoor-friendly locations, he feels it's everyone's responsibility to help keep Shepherdstown clean.
"I like to think that everyone can play a part in taking care of the town—whether it's through cleaning up the back alleys behind businesses and residences, or even picking up trash laying on the street," he emphasized.
(Left to Right): Shepherdstown Director of Public Works, Frank Welch, Robertson, and Auxer.
As the holidays approached last year, he continued to ruminate on an additional cause: helping businesses get the most out of the season. As it turns out, one particular area of public concern kept popping up in local conversations: cigarette litter.
Turns out, TerraCycle is a global leader specializing in hard-to-recycle waste. The innovative company offers a range of free programs that are funded by conscientious companies, as well as recycling solutions available for purchase for almost every form of waste.
The only part that a TerraCycle cigarette-recycling receptacle won't take is the cardboard box that the cigarettes come in—which is easily recycled in a standard recycling container. "Essentially, what you see on the ground in the way of cigarette butts is totally recyclable," she added.
Registration continues for the 8th-Annual Freedom's Run—set for Saturday, October 1, in Shepherdstown—featuring a full marathon, half-marathon, 10k, 5k, kids fun run, and other activities. The annual event gets more popular by the year as it endeavors to lead the charge in restoring health to both West Virginia as well as the nation.
Organized and inspired by Dr. Mark Cucuzzella—a Professor of Family Medicine at West Virginia University School of Medicine, and owner of Shepherdstown's Two Rivers Treads, the nation's first minimalist shoe store—Freedom's Run also wants youth to participate in the free Kids One Mile Fun Run. For those under 18 who want to challenge the 5k, 10k, or half-marathon, there is a $10 Off Code—"youth10"—to be used at the online registration.
Attended by thousands, race weekend will have a Pre-Race Expo on Friday (9/30), from 12-8pm, at the Shepherd University Wellness Center—full of local vendors and footwear available to try. The weekend also includes two amazing speakers/guest runners who will share their stories of coming off opiates (and even losing 200 pounds). The talk will also take place that Friday at the Shepherdstown Opera House at 5pm. Read about Phillip Brenneman and Travis Meulheisen here and be inspired by the body's amazing ability to heal.
Also, continuing in 2016 is the opportunity to run for free, and to earn incentives, including free shoes, by running for causes of community fitness trails at local schools and activities surrounding our history and heritage. Find out more at here.
Similar to previous years, Freedom's Run brings more than just runners to Shepherdstown—race weekend will see Shepherd campus as well as the downtown area alive and bustling with runners, fans, supporters, and curious visitors and natives. As participants finish up, they have the added luxury of getting a free shower at the Shepherd Wellness Center—and many of them do, which gives them an excuse to head back into town looking for food and beverages.
Ultimately, Freedom's Run is one of the premier annual events in the Eastern Panhandle, and this year is shaping up to be even bigger and better than recent ones. And what's not to like: perfect temps, a beautiful setting, and thousands of folks in a good mood descending on one of America's most talked-about destinations of choice.
For more information on Freedom's Run, and to register, click here.
Summer's dog days are behind us and the chill of fall and winter is still a month or so away. Needless to say, it's a wonderful time of year for two events that land in Shepherdstown this weekend.
FIRST, the Potomac Pedalers presents the Back Roads Century on Saturday and Sunday, September 17–18 (the ride is on Sunday)—one of the premier cycling events in the Mid-Atlantic, back for its second year. With routes ranging from 27–100 miles, there's a little something for every type of rider. Challenge yourself to catch peak views of the Blue Ridge Mountains or drift along the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers—with all routes showcasing the varied terrain and endless scenery of the Shenandoah Valley.
Every distance is a fully-supported ride with route directions/cue sheets, plenty of rest stops with delicious food and drinks—including the famous tomato sandwiches—as well as mechanical and first aid support during the ride. For all information and registration, click here.
Potomac Pedalers is a recreational and social organization for bicycling enthusiasts, and the largest club in the region. They offer over 1,000 group rides each year, covering the entire D.C./MD/VA/WV area.
This year, the Pedalers have created community grants to encourage local non-profits to provide volunteers for rest stops, etc. The Potomac Valley Audubon Society (PVAS) will be staffing the Yankauer Nature Reserve rest stop, and earning money for their programs. Also new this year is community lodging. In return for donations to their favorite charities, local folks are offering rooms in their homes for both Friday and Saturday nights. This program allows riders to enjoy real West Virginia life—just as it makes much-needed revenue for non-profits, including PVAS, the Shepherdstown Visitors Center, Panhandle Pedalers, and the Friends of the Shepherdstown Library.
SECOND, starting this Friday, September 16, from 7-10pm, with the Cut to the Chase Film Festival Premiere Party at the Entler Hotel (corner of Princess and German Streets), this popular, fourth-annual film fest will showcase short films through Sunday the 18th.
Each year, Cut to the Chase gets bigger and better, and has quickly become one of the most talked-about events in the region—including international exposure.
This year's key element is everyone's favorite liquid—water. While submitted films don't necessarily have to be just about water, they have to at least incorporate the key element into a scene or dialogue. Films must also be no more than eight minutes long including title and credits. Other than that, filmmakers are free to use any budget or device to shoot their films.
Eleven films made the final cut and will be screened this year. Last year's Fan Favorite award-winner, David Smith, returns with his new short "State Inspection." Smith's film follows an anxious young man who tries to talk to a woman he meets while waiting for his car at an auto repair shop.
Along with the Fan Favorite, judges Linda Shea, Raymond McCarthy Bergeron, and Jack Kelly will be returning to give out the Best Film Award. All three bring unique backgrounds and expertise in film, technology, and media to the judging panel. Local artist Bradley Sanders will also be back as the craftsman of the awards.
There will be four screenings Saturday and Sunday (17-18), in addition to the premiere party Friday evening at the Entler Hotel that includes a meet-and-greet with the filmmakers, judges, and community sponsors. The premiere includes beer, wine, hors d'oeuvres, and desert from local distributors—featuring live music from Frederick-based folk and bluegrass band Israel Creek. Tickets for the premiere are $20.
Screenings on Saturday and Sunday will be held at the historic Shepherdstown Opera House. There will be an afternoon screening on Saturday at 2pm for $8 as well as a screening and Best Film Award ceremony Saturday evening at 7pm for $10. Screening times on Sunday are 1pm and 4pm ($8 each) with the Fan Favorite Award being given out during the second and final screening. Tickets can be purchased at The Local Source WV (133 W. German St., Shepherdstown), Eventbrite.com, or at the door. For more information, and to view the full 2016 lineup of C2C films, visit www.c2cfilmfestival.com.
https://shepherdstown.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/13726763_1111575625557123_478391460582709942_n.jpg 761 960 Shepherdstown Visitors Center https://shepherdstown.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/SVC_logo_80.png Shepherdstown Visitors Center2016-09-12 13:28:452016-09-12 20:14:27Cycling Fun and Film: Two Reasons to Get to Shepherdstown This Weekend!
Adam Booth is an award-winning storyteller, musician, and educator—born and raised in West Virginia. He's also one of Shepherdstown's truly notable figures—an artist and creator whose endeavors go beyond the scale of main-street promotion, but have an impact that saturates and becomes part of the DNA of the region. His "Speak: Shepherdstown Story Series" is enthusiastically received each month, and you can find all the specifics right in our Calendar.
He penned this endearing essay on Shepherdstown earlier this year. Enjoy!
— When I first moved here sixteen years ago, Shepherdstown was seeing a new wave of neo-hippies in town, the seventh-or-so such wave since the '60s. Drumming was a regular activity at The Wall; dreadlocks seemed to be more popular than grey hair; and where Kazu is now, there was a shop called Dragonfly—full of tie-dye, sarongs, and guayaberas.
But I've lived here long enough to see that the people and the stores circle around with renewed life again and again. For example, when I moved here, Ed's Taproom was on its last days, but the bartop is back, right there (in The Town Run) seeing its old familiar faces, and meeting new friends. Many of the people who lived here then have gone, and some came back and left again, like me.
I consider the cycles of our town very much in the way I think of the Town Run (the waterway). It doesn't go dry; it feeds something much bigger; and even though it's always there, it is always moving—never quite the same, somehow always magical. If you've immersed yourself in it—even a little toe in the middle of summertime—then you've communed with this place and you're destined to return.
And those who stayed here in town amid the flow have reignited those stories again and again.
Over the years, many who came and went have told me Shepherdstown reminds them of a snow globe town. I don't like that image too much; once a place like that gets shook up, it starts snowing when you'd least expect it. Shepherdstown isn't like that at all. I see a better comparison. I grew up on Public Television, and Shepherdstown reminds me more of Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood: on any given day, you can walk a block or two this way or that, and find an unbelievable cast of characters who (surprisingly) all live in the same town.
Should we go visit the Blacksmith today? His shop is right over there.
Want to meet the real Farmers who grow our food? They're just outside of town.
Shall we watch a Cartoonist in action?
Talk shop with an Astrophysicist or a Sculptor?
Horticulturists? We have one on every corner!
Looking for Diversity? Shepherdstown has plenty of that, too.
Most of what you could imagine, we have at least one of in town.
Mr. Rogers lived in a land with plenty of animals, and our town loves theirs. The Meck has a pet possum; chickens outnumber Republicans; pet birds ride on shoulders; we have a festival for Dogs; and there are so many cats on Prospect Street, you'd think town was run by Ancient Egyptians.
And just like on Mr. Rogers, there always seems to be a train car passing by—and if you listen very closely (depending on what part of town you're in), it is accompanied by the sound of a jazz piano.
Children are welcome everywhere, even in our most popular bar.
We have a King and a Princess, but instead of puppets, they're streets.
Some people speak in British accents; many folks have costumes in their closets just itching for the next parade; and most of us—if not all of us—live in a land of make-believe.
I like that, because I'm a character too. And so are you, and you, and you, and we all need a place to belong.
Mr. Rogers was on PBS, and so it was realer than other TV. If Shepherdstown had been more like Full House, we'd resolve all of our issues in a sterile way in under thirty minutes.
But we don't play by the Danny Tanner rule book; like Fred Rogers, we confront our issues, sometimes loudly—sometimes en masse down at the nicest Town Hall in the U.S. for a town of our size—and sometimes, everything ends in a great big snowball fight, even if the snow is falling in April.
In Shepherdstown, we celebrate together, we eat and drink together, and if the time comes, we mourn together.
And of course, on TV, starting and ending every day for me was Mr. Rogers. Fred was a mild-mannered minister with very progressive leanings. If you met him on the street corner or the PanTran, you'd likely have no idea he was a preacher. Reminds me of many religious leaders here in town.
But when his walking shoes were on, and he ventured out into town, past the little houses, his steps were guided by education, friendship, a welcoming spirit, and love. As long as I've been here, Shepherdstownies have been that kind of neighbor to me, and those types of characters for each other. And to that, let us raise a glass.


text:
You are at:Home»Life Style»Health»Identity explored as artist draws on experience of dementia
Identity explored as artist draws on experience of dementia
By	Hannah Skentelbery on 15th August 2019 7:00 am Health, News, What's On?
THE notion of identity is explored in an exhibition at Warrington Museum & Art Gallery inspired by the artist's experience of dementia.
Pip Woolf's Matter of Identity, which will be on display until Sunday September 22, is a powerful exploration of how the condition affects how those living with dementia see themselves, and how others see them.
She challenges the public to take notice of these sometimes-marginalised members of society.
"One in five of us will succumb to dementia," she said. "We use the word 'they' to describe them but we're throwing them away by doing so.
"I'm trying to reclaim identity."
Pip drew on personal experience of seeing loved ones live with dementia and Alzheimer's, and time spent as an artist in residence at an elderly mentally infirm (EMI) care home.
"The home is near a major trunk so hundreds of people go past it every day," she said, "and yet there are people living there who never get visited.
"There's a sense of these people being discarded, but it could be any of us."
Pip explained the use of layering in her artwork: "Matter of Identity isn't about dementia, it's about identity, it's about us.
"What's underneath the exterior? What happens to our identity when we have dementia?"
One of the most striking pieces of work on display is 'John', a series of connected double-glazed units which are engraved and articulated with aluminium leaf.
A glass panel which features the outline of John – a care home resident living with end-stage dementia – was accidentally shattered.
But the unintended effect brings into sharp focus the fragility of identity and highlights how easily an external force can shift our perception.
"When I accidentally knocked the toughened glass panel the sound and appearance were spectacular, bringing the piece into sharper focus even as it seemed to disintegrate, blossoming into more thoughts of identity.
"Identity too is fragile, often morphing from one form to another, as do relationships; they are fluid forms washed around like the drift on a beach by the tides, collected in one place, deposited in another only to be re-located again and again.
"But sometimes something essential is revealed, maybe just for a fleeting moment; a reminder of what endures."
'Walkers: I, You, We & They' is a series of hung translucent scrolls created to embody both the frailty and dignity of individual identity.
Some of the scrolls are hung in isolation while others form a community; they touch the ground to suggest walkers, a theme which runs throughout the exhibition.
As visitors pass through and around the scrolls they move, animating their skin-like quality.
Pip explained: "The printed forms allude to life containing repetitions, change, accumulation and loss, and the layers of learning that form our fragile identities.
"They reveal unique and enduring marks as representation of an individual within their changing life."
Pip, who was a finalist for this year's prestigious John Ruskin Prize, encouraged staff at Warrington Museum & Art Gallery to contribute to the display.
A group were asked to walk in different directions around the exhibition while running a piece of graphite along the wall.
There were times when two people would meet and would have to navigate their way around each other.
The result is a mesmerising trail of lines interspersed with hung artwork like knots in wood, connecting the identities of the people portrayed.
"I asked the staff to draw with the eye, not the mind, and not to take the carbon off the wall so when they met they had to get in each other's space and get past each other.
"It makes you think about your place alongside other people; where do the lines connect?
"While at the care home I was working up close with these people and personal space was a different concept; I wanted to illustrate that."
As part of her research, Pip worked with scientists at The University of Manchester's Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, and at Cardiff University's Brain Research Imaging Centre. She also had her brain scanned at University College London.
She was keen to explore what she could learn about herself through these experiences, and invites visitors to the exhibition to think about themselves as much as the characters depicted, thereby creating even more lines of connection.
Pip added: "I think we need to look harder to see something of the identity of others; I hope this work will encourage people to do that.
"Matter of identity is essentially a celebration of what it is to be human."
https://3a02v12ku8i343hjuf4c8urp-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Pip-Woolf-vid.mp4
Hannah Skentelbery

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Celestinus IV, geboren als Goffredo Castiglione (Milaan, geboortedatum onbekend - Rome, 10 november 1241) was de eerste paus die in een conclaaf werd gekozen. Hij was een zoon van de zus van paus Urbanus III en regeerde slechts 17 dagen. In het Latijn luidt zijn naam Coelestinus of Caelestinus.

Hij deed senator Matteo Rosso Orsini wegens zijn wangedrag in de ban. Deze had tien kardinalen opgesloten en gedwongen een nieuwe paus te kiezen. Een van hen overleed hierbij en de anderen werden ziek.

Zie ook
 Lijst van kortste pontificaten

Celestinus IV
13e-eeuws bisschop

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Una mirmecófita es una planta que vive asociada (mutualismo) con una colonia de hormigas y posee órganos especializados donde se guarecen sus hospedantes. Hay cerca de una centena de géneros de mirmecófitas. Estas plantas poseen adaptaciones especiales que procuran comida y refugio a sus huéspedes. Las estructuras adaptadas a estos requerimientos incluyen los llamados domacios, los 'dispensadores' de nutrientes y los nectarios extraflorales. Recíprocamente, las hormigas colaboran con un mirmecófito en varios modos: polinizando, dispersando semillas, reuniendo nutrientes y contribuyendo a la defensa de la planta. Concretamente los domacios adaptados a las hormigas se denomina 'mirmecodomacios'.

Por ejemplo, Myrmecodia, una planta epífita de Malasia, desarrolla tubérculos con una red de cavidades habitadas por hormigas. Otro ejemplo es la pimienta de las hormigas.

Algunas especies de Acacia de América tropical tienen espinas huecas para el mismo propósito. Representa asociaciones mutualistas y comensalistas.

Mutualismo
Las plantas mirmecófitas comparten una relación mutualista con las hormigas en beneficio mutuo. Esta asociación puede ser tanto optativa como obligatoria.

Mutualismo obligatorio
En el mutualismo obligatorio ambos organismos son interdependientes. No pueden sobrevivir el uno sin el otro. Un ejemplo de este tipo se halla en el género Macaranga. Todas las especies de este género proveen de alimento de algún tipo a las hormigas, pero solo las especies con mutualismo obligatorio producen domacios. Únicamente algunas de las más comunes de las especies mirmecófitas de Macaranga interactúan con las hormigas del género Crematogaster. Así C. bornensis ha llegado a depender totalmente de su planta asociada. No podría sobrevivir sin las celdas donde habita y sin la comida que rezuma la planta. En ensayos de laboratorio, las hormigas obreras no pudieron salir adelante lejos de la planta de acogida. Cualquier otro hábitat resultaba inviable para ellas.

Mutualismo optativo
El mutualismo optativo es aquel en que ambos beneficiarios (plantas y hormigas en este caso) no son totalmente interdependientes. Cualquiera de los dos puede pasar sin el otro. Este tipo se da en plantas que poseen nectarios extraflorales y no otras estructuras especializadas para favorecer a las hormigas. Estos nectarios permiten a una gran variedad de especies animales interactuar con la planta y sacar beneficio de ella. Puede darse también en plantas no nativas (introducidas) donde una co-evolución aún no ha tenido lugar. Por ejemplo las leguminosas del Viejo Mundo, al ser introducidas en Norteamérica fueron objeto de protección por parte de las hormigas con origen en otras regiones diferentes.

Referencias

Relaciones biológicas interespecíficas
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What Is the ACLU?
Learn about what the ACLU stands for, its history and founders, and some of the biggest cases it has represented. Dive into the Scopes Monkey Trial, Brown v. Board of Education and Obergefell v. Hodges, which led to legalizing same sex marriage.
What Is Veto Power?
What Is VX Nerve Agent?
The Euro Is Adopted
How the Stonewall Riots Sparked a Movement - Riots
Paul McCartney on "Paul Is Dead" Rumor
Here's Why the Patriot Act Is So Controversial


According to the Sydney Morning Herald, Harrison's blood has been used in every single dose of the Anti-D medication since 1967, and has saved more than 2.4 million babies throughout the last 50 years.
Harrison's life was also saved by blood donors during heart surgery at age 13 and was the original reason he became a blood donor himself as soon as he was 18. Even with a fear of needles, Harrison committed to this lifesaving act since he had been a recipient of someone else's selfless act.
At age 81, Harrison has now reached the legally mandated cutoff age for giving blood in Australia.
In honor of the countless lives he saved and in order to continue his legacy, we ask that you consider giving blood at your local blood donation center.
And to you, James Harrison, we thank you!


Recent research has found that we have an innate ability to decode emotions through touch. Therefore it makes sense to choose a kind and caring person to give you a massage. Emotions are inseparable from physical sensations when it comes to human touch.
Aromatherapy oils soothe and comfort your skin, as well as your mood, leaving you glowing. Decleor's famously pure and delicious essential-oil-based treatments are highly recommended for massage. Hana's healing hands, and long experience of different types of massage, will smooth away tension throughout the body, reviving your senses along with your spirits.


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teen. (2)
teen + (1)
pennsylvania. board of public charities. committee on lunacy (18)
upper merion township high school (18)
pennsylvania. dept. of mines. (16)
the garnet and white staff (14)
williamsport music club (williamsport, pa.) (6)
state penitentiary for the eastern district of pennsylvania. (4)
ashley, geo. h. (george hall), 1866-1951 (3)
c.g. hussey & co. (3)
image/tif (374)
image/jp2 [1] p. ; 18 cm. (1)
image/jp2 [1] page ; 27 cm. (1)
image/jpg (1)
wilkes barre pa sunday newspaper (1700)
newspapers -- pennsylvania -- westmoreland county -- mount pleasant ; newspapers -- pennsylvania -- mount pleasant (1000)
tariff-delegated legislation -- pennsylvania -- periodicals ; administrative law -- pennsylvania -- periodicals (684)
huntingdon county pennsylvania, anti-masonic, whig, huntingdon county genealogy, juniata river valley, early newspapers, advertising, politics, literature, morality, arts, sciences, agriculture, amusements, standing stone, primary sources. (475)
All fields: roof
Wilkes-Barre Sunday Independent
Wilkes Barre PA Sunday Newspaper
An archive of the Wilkes-Barre Sunday Independent newspaper.
The Nazareth Item
Nazareth's first English newspaper
A weekly home town newspaper published from December 4, 1891 to November 20, 1975
The Hershey Press 1917-05-17
Hershey (Pa.)--Newspapers
The Hershey Press (alternatively published as "Hershey's Weekly" or "Hershey's The Progressive Weekly") was the first local newspaper, published from 1909 until 1926, covering news and events throughout the Township of Derry, Hershey, and...
Punxsutawney Spirit, 1894-04-11
Jefferson County -- Newspapers; Punxsutawney Spirit -- Newspapers; Indiana University of Pennsylvania -- Newspapers:
An archive of the Punxsutawney Spirit weekly newspaper (-1911) from Jefferson County, Pennsylvania.
Huntingdon Gazette
Huntingdon County Pennsylvania, Huntingdon genealogy, Juniata River valley, Huntingdon Borough, early newspaper, Weekly Advertiser, democratic newspaper, Laural Springs paper mill, primary sources, Standing Stone.
The Huntingdon Gazette was first published on the 12th of February, 1801 as the Huntingdon Gazette and Weekly Advertiser and ceased publication shortly after the 6th of February, 1839.


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\section{Model of the Two-Level System with $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry}

We consider an effective two-level model with balanced gain and loss. The
effective Hamiltonian can be derived from a $\Lambda $-type three-level
system via adiabatic elimination of an excited state $\left\vert
2\right\rangle $ under the large detuning condition (see Supplemental
Material). The Hamiltonian is described as following:

\begin{align}
H_{eff}& =-i\gamma \left\vert 1\right\rangle \left\langle 1\right\vert
+\left( 1-\Omega e^{i\phi }\right) \left\vert 1\right\rangle \left\langle
3\right\vert  \notag \\
& +i\gamma \left\vert 3\right\rangle \left\langle 3\right\vert +\left(
1-\Omega e^{-i\phi }\right) \left\vert 3\right\rangle \left\langle
1\right\vert ,  \label{H}
\end{align
where $\left( 1-\Omega e^{\pm i\phi }\right) $ describes the effective
coupling between states $\left\vert 1\right\rangle $ and $\left\vert
3\right\rangle $, $\Omega $ is the effective strength of a rf field and
atom, $\phi $ is the relative phase between rf and two laser fields, and
\gamma $ is the amplitude of gain and loss.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\includegraphics[width=3.4in]{Fig2.eps}
\caption{Real (left) and imaginary (right) parts of the eigenvalues of the
\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric two-level system with function of the relative phase
$\protect\phi /2\protect\pi $: (a) $\Omega =0.5$, $\protect\gamma =0.4$; (b)
$\Omega =0.5$, $\protect\gamma =0.5$; (c) $\Omega =1.0$, $\protect\gamma
=0.5 $; (d) $\Omega =1.0$, $\protect\gamma =1.0$.}
\label{fig2}
\end{figure}
In the absence of $\gamma $, the system is a standard hermitian case. The
energy spectrum of the case is two branches, \textit{i.e.} $E_{\pm }=\pm
\sqrt{\left( 1-2\Omega \cos \phi +\Omega ^{2}\right) }$. For $\Omega <1$,
the two branches are well separated by the energy gap. When $\Omega =1$, two
branches touch at $\phi =0$. When $\Omega $ is larger than $1$, the energy
gap opens again. The dynamics of the Hamiltonian (\ref{H}) can be obtained
by solving the corresponding Schr\"{o}dinger equation
\begin{equation}
i\partial _{t}\psi =H_{eff}\psi .  \label{Sch}
\end{equation
Considering the initial condition, $\psi \left( t=0\right) =\psi _{0}$, the
dynamic evolution equation can be integrated formally
\begin{equation*}
\psi \left( t\right) =\hat{U}\left( t\right) \psi _{0},
\end{equation*
where the time evolution operator is defined by $\hat{U}\left( t\right)
=\exp \left( -iH_{eff}t\right) $. It can be analytically obtained,
\begin{equation*}
\hat{U}\left( t\right) =\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
\cos \left( \omega _{1}t\right) & -i\frac{\left( 1-\Omega e^{i\phi }\right)
}{\omega _{1}}\sin \left( \omega _{1}t\right) \\
-i\frac{\left( 1-\Omega e^{-i\phi }\right) }{\omega _{1}}\sin \left( \omega
_{1}t\right) & \cos \left( \omega _{1}t\right
\end{array
\right) ,
\end{equation*
where $\omega _{1}=\left\vert 1-\Omega e^{i\phi }\right\vert $. As a
concrete example, we set the initial state as $\psi _{0}=\left( 1,0\right)
^{T}$. We can obtain the dynamics of both states at time $t$

\begin{align}
\left\vert \psi _{1}\left( t\right) \right\vert ^{2}& =\frac{1+\cos \left(
2\omega _{1}t\right) }{2},  \label{Herp} \\
\left\vert \psi _{3}\left( t\right) \right\vert ^{2}& =\frac{1-\cos \left(
2\omega _{1}t\right) }{2},  \notag
\end{align
where $\left\vert \psi _{1}\left( t\right) \right\vert ^{2}$ $\left(
\left\vert \psi _{3}\left( t\right) \right\vert ^{2}\right) $ is the
occupation of $\left\vert 1\right\rangle $ $\left( \left\vert 3\right\rangle
\right) $. Fig. \ref{fig1} shows the probability evolution\textbf{s} of two
states for different $\Omega $ following Rabi oscillation with the
periodicity $\pi /\omega _{1}$. For $\Omega =0$, $\omega _{1}=1$, only the
two-photon term determines the Rabi oscillation as shown in Fig. \ref{fig1
(a). With the increase of $\Omega $ and the relative phase $\phi =0$ (the
left column), the periodicity is larger than Fig. \ref{fig1}(a) case. When
\Omega =1$ and $\phi =0$, the Rabi oscillation breaks down. The coexistence
of rf-field and two optical fields coherently destructs the oscillation [the
left panel of Fig. \ref{fig1}(c)]. However, when $\phi =\pi $ the
oscillation periodicity decreases with the increase of $\Omega $ as shown in
the right column of Fig. \ref{fig1}(b)-(c). For the hermitian case, we can
see the total occupation is always unit and time-independent.

In the present of gain and loss ($\gamma \neq 0$) the eigenvalues of the
\mathcal{PT}$ symmetric Hamiltonian (\ref{H}) ar
\begin{equation}
E_{\pm }=\pm \sqrt{\left\vert 1-\Omega e^{i\phi }\right\vert ^{2}-\gamma ^{2
}.  \label{EV}
\end{equation
Fig. \ref{fig2} describes the real and imaginary parts of the eigenvalues of
the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric two-level system with function of the relative
phase $\phi $ for different $\Omega $ and $\gamma $. As shown in Fig. \re
{fig2}(b), when $\gamma =\left\vert 1-\Omega e^{i\phi }\right\vert $,
E_{+}=E_{-}$ and the eigenvectors coincide, which is defined as the EP
\gamma _{_{PT}}$. When $\gamma <\gamma _{_{PT}}$, the system has a purely
real spectrum and satisfies $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry [Fig. \ref{fig2}(a)
\textit{.} Whereas when $\gamma >\gamma _{_{PT}}$, the eigenvalues are
complex and the symmetry is spontaneously broken [Fig. \ref{fig2}(c)-(d)].

The dynamics of the non-Hermitian two-level quantum system can easily be
calculated from the dynamic evolution equation (\ref{Sch}). For the
Hamiltonian (\ref{H}) outside the EP, one obtains the evolution operator
\begin{equation}
\hat{U}\left( t\right) =\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
\cos \left( \omega t\right) -\frac{\gamma }{\omega }\sin \left( \omega
t\right) & -i\frac{\left( 1-\Omega e^{i\phi }\right) }{\omega }\sin \left(
\omega t\right) \\
-i\frac{\left( 1-\Omega e^{-i\phi }\right) }{\omega }\sin \left( \omega
t\right) & \cos \left( \omega t\right) +\frac{\gamma }{\omega }\sin \left(
\omega t\right
\end{array
\right) ,  \label{TiE}
\end{equation
with the angular frequenc
\begin{equation}
\omega =\sqrt{\left\vert 1-\Omega e^{i\phi }\right\vert ^{2}-\gamma ^{2}}.
\label{fre}
\end{equation
When\textbf{\ }$\gamma =0$,\textbf{\ }$\omega =\omega _{1}$. While, EPs (
\gamma =\gamma _{_{PT}}$) are singularities of the spectrum at which
spontaneous $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking has been observed in
experiments \cite{Ruter}. It can lead to some new effects, e.g., chiral
behavior and state-exchange process \cite{Rabi,Wunner}. Hence, we also focus
on the evolution of the system with the parameters approaching EP, i.e.,
\omega \rightarrow 0$. In this limit, the time evolution operator i
\begin{equation}
\hat{U}_{EP}\left( t\right) \approx \left(
\begin{array}{cc}
1-\gamma t & -i\left( 1-\Omega e^{i\phi }\right) t \\
-i\left( 1-\Omega e^{-i\phi }\right) t & 1+\gamma
\end{array
\right) .  \label{EP}
\end{equation
For example, for an initial state $\psi _{0}=\left( 1,0\right) ^{T}$, we can
find outside the EP the norms of two levels ar
\begin{align}
\left\vert \psi _{1}\left( t\right) \right\vert ^{2}& =\left\vert \cos
\left( \omega t\right) -\gamma \frac{\sin \left( \omega t\right) }{\omega
\right\vert ^{2},  \label{psi} \\
\left\vert \psi _{3}\left( t\right) \right\vert ^{2}& =\left\vert i\left(
1-\Omega e^{-i\phi }\right) \frac{\sin \left( \omega t\right) }{\omega
\right\vert ^{3},  \notag
\end{align
where $\left\vert \psi _{1,3}\left( t\right) \right\vert ^{2}$ are
time-dependent periodic Rabi-type oscillation functions. The period $\pi
/\omega $ is dependent on $\gamma $, $\Omega $ and $\phi $, just as the
depiction of Eq. (\ref{fre}). In detail Fig. \ref{fig3} describes some
typical cases for the initial state in level $\left\vert 1\right\rangle $.
The left column depicts the dynamics for $\phi =0$ and the right column for
\phi =\pi $\textbf{.} Simultaneously, the first two rows, Fig. \ref{fig3}(a)
and (b), describe the dynamics of (\ref{H}) with the same values of $\Omega
\ and two different values of $\gamma $ in the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric
region ($\gamma <\gamma _{_{PT}}$), respectively. We can find the envelope
amplitudes increase with the increasing of $\gamma $\ in column direction.
In addition, the corresponding periods of $\phi =0$\ are larger than that of
$\phi =\pi $. The last row, Fig. \ref{fig3}(c) gives two cases when $\gamma
\geqslant \gamma _{_{PT}}$. When $\Omega =1$, $\phi =0$ and $\gamma >\gamma
_{_{PT}}$ (here $\gamma _{_{PT}}=0$) due to the coexistence of rf-field and
two optical fields coherently destructs only $\left\vert \psi _{1}\left(
t\right) \right\vert ^{2}$ first decreases and then increases to infinity,
and meanwhile, $\left\vert \psi _{3}\left( t\right) \right\vert ^{2}$ is
zero all the time as shown in the left panel of Fig. \ref{fig3}(c). In fact
in the light of (\ref{psi}) when $\Omega =1$\ and $\phi =0$ $\left\vert \psi
_{3}\left( t\right) \right\vert ^{2}$\ is always zero whether $\gamma $ is
zero or not. When $\gamma =\gamma _{_{PT}}$ the wave function evolutes
according to the operator (\ref{EP}) and the corresponding norms become
\begin{align}
\left\vert \psi _{1}\left( t\right) \right\vert ^{2}& =\left\vert 1-\gamma
t\right\vert ^{2},  \label{EPpsi} \\
\left\vert \psi _{3}\left( t\right) \right\vert ^{2}& =\left\vert -i\left(
1-\Omega e^{-i\phi }\right) t\right\vert ^{2},  \notag
\end{align
where $\left\vert \psi _{1}\left( t\right) \right\vert ^{2}$ first decreases
and then increases, and meanwhile, $\left\vert \psi _{3}\left( t\right)
\right\vert ^{2}$ increases for ever as shown in the right panel of Fig. \re
{fig3}(c).\textbf{\ }In summary, in $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetric region, the
time evolution of $\left\vert \psi _{1,3}\left( t\right) \right\vert ^{2}$
is periodic Rabi-type oscillation and in $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetric broken
region the oscillations break down and instead we observe an algebraic
growth of the norms.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\includegraphics[width=3.4in]{Fig3.eps}
\caption{The norm evolutions for Non-Hermitian systems:\ $\protect\phi =0$\
(left) and $\protect\pi $\ (right); The first two rows with $\Omega =0.5\
and two different values of $\protect\gamma $: (a) $\protect\gamma =0.1$\
and (b) $\protect\gamma =0.4$; The last row (c) $\Omega =1.0$, $\protec
\gamma =2.0$. Red solid line describes the norm of $\left\vert
3\right\rangle $, blue dash line is for the norm of $\left\vert
1\right\rangle $, and black dot line is for the total norm.}
\label{fig3}
\end{figure}

In order to compare with the Hermitian case, we normalize the total norm.
The renormalized state vector \cite{Niederle,Niederle2} can be defined a
\begin{equation}
\varphi _{j}=\frac{\psi _{j}}{\sqrt{\left\vert \psi _{1}\right\vert
^{2}+\left\vert \psi _{3}\right\vert ^{2}}},  \label{Norm}
\end{equation
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\includegraphics[width=3.4in]{Fig4.eps}
\caption{The time evolutions of renormalized states for initial state being
\left( 1,0\right) ^{T}$ with $\Omega =0.5$ and different values of $\protec
\gamma $: (a) $\protect\gamma =0.3$; (b) $\protect\gamma =0.5$; (c) $\protec
\gamma =0.8$; And (d) $\protect\gamma =0.1$ and $\Omega =1$. Here $\protec
\phi =0$. Red solid line describes for $\protect\varphi _{3}$, blue dash
line describes the norm of $\protect\varphi _{1}$, and black dot line is for
the time-independent $\left\vert \protect\varphi _{1}\right\vert
^{2}+\left\vert \protect\varphi _{3}\right\vert ^{2}$.}
\label{fig4}
\end{figure}
which satisfies $\left\vert \varphi _{1}\right\vert ^{2}+\left\vert \varphi
_{3}\right\vert ^{2}=1$ at any time. Then we start to deal with the time
evolution of $\varphi _{j}$ for initial state being $\left( 1,0\right) ^{T}
. $\left\vert \varphi _{1,3}\left( t\right) \right\vert ^{2}$\ are Rabi-type
oscillation in $\mathcal{PT}$\ symmetric region [Fig. \ref{fig4}(a)]. The
evolution tends towards stability\ in $\mathcal{PT}$\ symmetry broken regime
as shown in Figs. \ref{fig4}(b) and \ref{fig4}(c). Fig.\ \ref{fig4}(d)
describes the dynamics similar to the left of Fig. \ref{fig3}(c)\textbf{.}
To better understand the underlying properties we consider the non-Hermitian
effective Schr\"{o}dinger equation according to the Hamiltonian (\ref{H})
\begin{equation}
i\frac{d}{dt}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\varphi _{1} \\
\varphi _{3
\end{array
\right) =\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
-i\gamma \left( 1-\kappa \right) & \left( 1-\Omega e^{i\phi }\right) \\
\left( 1-\Omega e^{-i\phi }\right) & +i\gamma \left( 1+\kappa \right
\end{array
\right) \left(
\begin{array}{c}
\varphi _{1} \\
\varphi _{3
\end{array
\right)  \label{SC}
\end{equation
where $\kappa =\left\vert \varphi _{1}\right\vert ^{2}-\left\vert \varphi
_{3}\right\vert ^{2}$. And further in the familiar way they are translated
as the Bloch vectors:
\begin{align*}
s_{x}& =\frac{1}{2}\left( \varphi _{1}^{\ast }\varphi _{3}+\varphi
_{1}\varphi _{3}^{\ast }\right) , \\
s_{y}& =\frac{1}{2i}\left( \varphi _{1}^{\ast }\varphi _{3}-\varphi
_{1}\varphi _{3}^{\ast }\right) , \\
s_{z}& =\frac{1}{2}\left( \varphi _{1}^{\ast }\varphi _{1}-\varphi
_{3}^{\ast }\varphi _{3}\right) ,
\end{align*
which are always restricted on the surface of the Bloch sphere and satisfy
s_{x}^{2}+s_{y}^{2}+s_{z}^{2}=1/4$ \cite{Niederle}. Then we can derive the
generalized Bloch equations of motion from Eq. (\ref{SC}):
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\includegraphics[width=3.0in]{Fig5.eps}
\caption{Effective Bloch dynamics with the same parameters as in Fig. 4. Red
asterisks (*)\ embody the initial state vectors of every evolution.}
\label{fig5}
\end{figure}
\begin{align}
\dot{s}_{x}& =4\gamma s_{z}s_{x}+2\Omega s_{z}\sin \phi ,  \notag \\
\dot{s}_{y}& =4\gamma s_{z}s_{y}-2\left( 1-\Omega \cos \phi \right) s_{z},
\notag \\
\dot{s}_{z}& =-\gamma \left( 1-4s_{z}^{2}\right) +2s_{y}-2\Omega \left(
s_{y}\cos \phi +s_{x}\sin \phi \right) .  \label{motion}
\end{align
Thus we can get the effective Bloch dynamical evolution of this
non-Hermitian system with different parameters by the fourth-order
Runge-Kutta method. Fig. \ref{fig5} shows some typical examples of the
effective Bloch dynamics for different values of $\gamma $, $\Omega $ and
\phi $. When $\gamma <\gamma _{_{PT}}$, Fig. \ref{fig5}(a) shows the
evolution of arbitrary initial state is the closed circle on the surface of
Bloch sphere, which surrounds either of the two fixed points: (i
\begin{align}
s_{x}^{0}& =\frac{-\Omega \gamma \sin \phi \pm \omega \left( 1-\Omega \cos
\phi \right) }{2\left( 1-2\Omega \cos \phi +\Omega ^{2}\right) },
\label{PTS} \\
s_{y}^{0}& =\frac{\gamma \left( 1-\Omega \cos \phi \right) \pm \omega \Omega
\sin \phi }{2\left( 1-2\Omega \cos \phi +\Omega ^{2}\right) },  \notag \\
s_{z}^{0}& =0.  \notag
\end{align
The fixed points are located in x-y plane. Comparing with the standard model
in \cite{Niederle}, we have more free parameters which is helpful to control
dynamics. For example, with the change of $\Omega $ and $\phi $, $s_{y}^{0}$
are not only positive, but also can take negative values. Even in the
Hermitian case $\gamma =0$, $s_{y}^{0}$ can take non-zero values due to the
phase $\phi $ and $\Omega $. However, at EP, $\gamma =\gamma _{_{PT}}$, all
initial states would evolute along the corresponding curves and turn back
the only one fixed point: (ii
\begin{align}
s_{x}^{0}& =-\frac{\Omega \sin \phi }{2\gamma },  \label{PEP} \\
s_{y}^{0}& =\frac{\left( 1-\Omega \cos \phi \right) }{2\gamma },  \notag \\
s_{z}^{0}& =0,  \notag
\end{align
which is still located in x-y plane as shown in Fig. \ref{fig5}(b). It is
different from the only result $s_{x}^{0}=0$ mentioned in \cite{Niederle}.
Fig. \ref{fig5}(b) shows the effective Bloch dynamics for $\phi =0$ or $\pi $
where the fixed point $s_{x}^{0}=s_{z}^{0}=0$ and $s_{y}^{0}=1/2$. This
helps to investigate the potential character at EP. When $\mathcal{PT}$
symmetry breaks ($\gamma >\gamma _{_{PT}}$) there are two fixed points
again: (iii
\begin{align}
s_{x}^{0}& =-\frac{\Omega \sin \phi }{2\gamma },  \label{PTB} \\
s_{y}^{0}& =\frac{\left( 1-\Omega \cos \phi \right) }{2\gamma },  \notag \\
s_{z}^{0}& =\pm \frac{\left\vert \omega \right\vert }{2\gamma }.  \notag
\end{align
The formulas of $s_{x}^{0}$\ and $s_{y}^{0}$\ are same as (\ref{PEP}),
however, they decrease with increasing $\gamma $. Compared with (\ref{PTS})
and (\ref{PEP}) the z axis projections are no longer zero which are labeled
as '$\pm $'. Fig. \ref{fig5}(c) shows any initial states on the Bloch sphere
evolutes into one fixed point ($-$), even if initial points are near the
other one ($+$). Thus the fixed point ($+$) is defined as a source of the
dynamics and the other ($-$) is a sink of the dynamics. Fig. \ref{fig5}(d)
describes the dynamics of coherent subtraction, $\Omega =1$ and $\phi =0$,
where the fixed points are $s_{x}^{0}=s_{y}^{0}=0$ and $s_{z}^{0}=\pm 1/2$
(correspond to the states: $\left( 1,0\right) ^{T}$ and $\left( 0,1\right)
^{T}$). This is the reason that the evolution does not change with time
(since the initial state mentioned above is $\left( 1,0\right) ^{T}$) as
shown in the left panel of Figs. \ref{fig3}(c) and \ref{fig4}(d). In
addition, the emergence of $s_{z}^{0}$ is the feature of the $\mathcal{PT}$
symmetry breaking. The fixed points are important for the dynamical
evolution of $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry systems.

\section{Summary}

In summary, we consider the effective two-level Hamiltonian with balanced
gain and loss. When the system is conserved and Hermitian, the dynamical
evolution performs Rabi oscillation and the oscillation periodicity can be
controlled by the rf frequency and relative phase. There is one exception at
which rf field balance out the actions of two optical fields and oscillation
is destructed. For the case of the effective two-level system with $\mathcal
PT}$ symmetry, we study the dynamics in both regions of unbroken and broken
\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry and at EP. Further more, using the renormalized state
vector the effective Bloch dynamical evolution has been studied in three
conditions. Since the dynamics is closely related to the fixed points, we
calculated the solutions under three parameter conditions and found the
symmetry breaks when the z component of the fixed points is not zero,
meanwhile the projection in x-y plane can be fully adjusted by the phase and
strength of optical and rf fields. It shall be helpful to the
implementation\ of related experiment.

This work is supported by the NSF of China under Grants No.11104171,
11404199, 11574187 and the Youth Science Foundation of Shanxi Province of
China under Grant No. 2012021003-1. Z. Xu is supported by the NSF of Chian
under Grants No. 11604188, NSF for youths of Shanxi Province No.
201601D201027 and 1331KSC.

\section{The effective Two-Level Hamiltonian}

To get the effective two-level Hamiltonian, we start from a $\Lambda $-type
scheme shown in Fig. \ref{fig6}. Two hyperfine energy levels $\left\vert
1\right\rangle $ and $\left\vert 3\right\rangle $ are coupled by a rf-field.
Simultaneously, two optical fields couple the hyperfine levels to an excited
state $\left\vert 2\right\rangle $ \cite{Hemmer,Scully,HG,Helm}. In the
rotating frame of the two optical fields, the Hamiltonian i
\begin{align}
H^{\prime }& =\hbar \Delta _{1}\left\vert 1\right\rangle \left\langle
1\right\vert +\hbar \Delta _{2}\left\vert 3\right\rangle \left\langle
3\right\vert  \label{HO} \\
& -\hbar \left( g\left\vert 1\right\rangle \left\langle 2\right\vert
+G\left\vert 3\right\rangle \left\langle 2\right\vert +\Omega ^{\prime
}e^{i\phi }\left\vert 1\right\rangle \left\langle 3\right\vert +H.c.\right) ,
\notag
\end{align
where $\Delta _{\alpha }$ ($\alpha =1,2$) are the detunings of the optical
fields from the corresponding atomic resonances, $g$ and $G$ are Rabi
frequencies of the two optical fields. $\Omega ^{\prime }$ is the coupling
strength due to the rf-field, the phase $\phi $ can be controlled via the
adjustment of the relative phase between the rf-field and two optical fields
\cite{Hemmer}. The dynamics of these three levels obeys the following
Schrodinger equation,
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\includegraphics[width=3.4in]{Fig6.eps}
\caption{Schematic illustration of three-level atomic system.}
\label{fig6}
\end{figure}
\begin{equation*}
i\hbar \partial _{t}\left\vert \psi \left( t\right) \right\rangle =H^{\prime
}\left\vert \psi \left( t\right) \right\rangle ,
\end{equation*
where the state $\left\vert \psi \left( t\right) \right\rangle $ is the
superposition of three level states
\begin{equation*}
\left\vert \psi \left( t\right) \right\rangle =C_{1}\left( t\right)
\left\vert 1\right\rangle +C_{2}\left( t\right) \left\vert 2\right\rangle
+C_{3}\left( t\right) \left\vert 3\right\rangle ,
\end{equation*
with the coefficients $C_{\alpha }\left( t\right) \equiv \left\langle \psi
|\alpha \right\rangle $ ($\alpha =1,2,3$). The equations of the coefficients
ar
\begin{align}
i\partial _{t}C_{1}& =\left( \Delta _{1}-\Delta \right) C_{1}-gC_{2}-\Omega
^{\prime }e^{i\phi }C_{3},  \notag \\
i\partial _{t}C_{2}& =-\Delta C_{2}-gC_{1}-GC_{3},  \notag \\
i\partial _{t}C_{3}& =-\Omega ^{\prime }e^{-i\phi }C_{1}-GC_{2}+\left(
\Delta _{2}-\Delta \right) C_{3},  \label{Coe}
\end{align
where all energies have already been translated by $-\hbar \Delta $, with
\Delta \equiv \left( \Delta _{1}+\Delta _{2}\right) /2$. Since $\left\vert
\Delta \right\vert \gg \left\vert \Delta _{2}-\Delta _{1}\right\vert $ and
\left\vert \Delta \right\vert \gg \Gamma ^{\prime }$, where $\Gamma ^{\prime
}$ is the decay rate of $\left\vert 2\right\rangle $, we can adiabatically
eliminate $C_{2}$ from the dynamics of our system, $\partial _{t}C_{2}=0$
\cite{Steck},
\begin{equation}
C_{2}=-\frac{g}{\Delta }C_{1}-\frac{G}{\Delta }C_{3}.  \label{CC}
\end{equation
Substituting the equation (\ref{CC}) into (\ref{Coe}), we obtain two coupled
equations for the hyperfine states
\begin{align*}
i\partial _{t}C_{1}& =\left( \Delta _{1}+\frac{g^{2}}{\Delta }\right)
C_{1}+\left( \frac{gG}{\Delta }-\Omega ^{\prime }e^{i\phi }\right) C_{3}, \\
i\partial _{t}C_{3}& =\left( \frac{gG}{\Delta }-\Omega ^{\prime }e^{-i\phi
}\right) C_{1}+\left( \Delta _{2}+\frac{G^{2}}{\Delta }\right) C_{3}.
\end{align*
Hence, the effective Hamiltonian of the above equations i
\begin{align}
H_{eff}& =\hbar \left( \Delta _{1}+\frac{g^{2}}{\Delta }\right) \left\vert
1\right\rangle \left\langle 1\right\vert +\hbar \left( \Delta _{2}+\frac
G^{2}}{\Delta }\right) \left\vert 3\right\rangle \left\langle 3\right\vert
\notag \\
& +\hbar \left( \frac{gG}{\Delta }-\Omega ^{\prime }e^{i\phi }\right)
\left\vert 1\right\rangle \left\langle 3\right\vert +\hbar \left( \frac{gG}
\Delta }-\Omega ^{\prime }e^{-i\phi }\right) \left\vert 3\right\rangle
\left\langle 1\right\vert .  \label{H3}
\end{align
For simplicity, we set $g=G$, $\Delta _{1}=\Delta _{2}=\Delta $. The
effective Hamiltonian can be shown as follows

\begin{equation*}
H_{eff}=\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
0 & 1-\Omega e^{i\phi } \\
1-\Omega e^{-i\phi } &
\end{array
\right) ,
\end{equation*
where the constant terms are neglected. Here $\hbar G^{2}/\Delta =1$, then
\Omega =\Omega ^{\prime }\Delta /G^{2}$. The related experiments for Na \cit
{Hemmer} and Rb \cite{Scully} atomic gases have been realized. In addition,
the balanced loss or gain in our model can be realized by the control of
decays into some one auxiliary state or vice versa \cite{Chan}.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Attorney Patricia A. Petow has represented Social Security disability purchasers on the agency level, within the Office of Hearings and Appeals/Office of Disability Adjudication and Review, and within the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts. Justiniano and Menéndez contended that, in consequence, the SSA violated their constitutional proper to due means of regulation and their rights beneath the Social Security Act and its implementing laws. According to SSA, most Social Security funds come from payroll taxes paid by employers and staff.
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The reduction that the plaintiffs search in their go well with includes a declaratory judgment that the SSA's bulk redetermination of their incapacity benefits violated the federal Constitution, the Social Security Act, and certain laws; actual and statutory damages; and a reinstatement of their benefits. In 1939, the Social Security Board merged into a cupboard-level Federal Security Agency, which included the SSB, the U.S. Public Health Service, the Civilian Conservation Corps, and different agencies. SSA is headquartered in Woodlawn, Maryland, just to the west of Baltimore, at what is known as Central Office.
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text:
BET Awards II
Eric Benet, Kenny Lattimore @Congra-L.A.15'
Jermaine Dupree @ Mansion:Los Angeles
B.E.T. Awards 11' IV @ the Shrine Auditorium
B.E.T. Awards III 11' @ the Shrine Auditorium
B.E.T. Awards III 11' @ th Shrine Auditorium
B.E.T. Awards II @ the Shrine Auditorium, L.A.
B.E.T. awards I 2010 L.A..
B.E.T. Awards II 2010 L.A. {Just Added}
BET Hip Hop Awards 09, Atlanta
BET awards, L.A.


text:
Les élections législatives néo-zélandaises de 1996 ont lieu le  pour élire 120 députés de la Chambre des représentants.

Résultats

Notes et références

1996
1996 en Nouvelle-Zélande
Nouvelle-Zélande
Politique en octobre 1996


text:
Injured Masoe facing battle to walk again
Ian McCullough
Mose Masoe is facing a battle to walk again after his career was ended by a serious spinal injury
Hull KR coach Tony Smith has confirmed Mose Masoe's rugby league career is over and admits he faces a fight to walk again.
Former Sydney Roosters and Penrith forward Masoe suffered a spinal injury during a trial match last week and rushed to hospital where he underwent emergency surgery.
The 30-year-old has been transferred to a specialist spinal unit at Pinderfields Hospital in Yorkshire and Smith said the giant forward remains positive about making a full recovery.
"This is a career-ending injury," Smith said at a press conference on Thursday.
"If Mose is able to walk again that will be a success.
"I don't want to paint a picture that everything is going to be fine and he's going to be back doing things he used to do. It's going to be a long old haul for Mose.
"I'm really proud to know him and to know the manner he's conducted himself under the most extreme pressure.
"He's a big, strong man who was very, very happy prior to the injury and he's showing the same traits now. He's putting everyone else at ease.
"Today he's left intensive care and is being moved to Pinderfields which is the national spinal unit for spinal injuries so he's going to the best place.
"It's only just now that he's got out of intensive care so it shows you the extent of the injury. He'll be better now going to a specialist environment, that's for sure."
Members of Masoe's family were flown in from Australia by the RFL Benevolent Fund and Smith said his condition has been a concern to everyone connected to the club.
"Mose has got two lovely daughters here in this country and a young son in Australia who are suffering at the moment and worrying about their dad," Smith said.
"He's got an unborn child on the way.
"There's different ways to measure success and if you ask his consultant, his consultant wouldn't be able to tell you exactly what he'll get back to.
"I know for a fact he's just looking forward to hugging his children again. When he does that he'll be even happier than the man that he is at the moment."


text:
MIDLAKE – FOR THE SAKE OF BETHEL WOODS: REVIEW
For The Sake Of Bethel Woods (Bella Union)
There is a song midway through this first Midlake album in almost a decade that is both un-Midlake (in sound and subject matter) and yet almost quintessential Midlake (in tone and spirit), and it sums up this record. Or at least its path through routes old and new that eventually blur into one.
Noble feels barely tethered to its electronic underpinnings, almost lighter than air as Eric Pulido begins singing with a hushed, Elliott Smith intimacy. It fills out some more as drums build a low-key pattern and the bass plays almost as a hum rather than a rhythm, over which the breathy keyboards swell and subside. Around Pulido occasionally echoes an indistinct high male voice, not quite in response but not exactly directly connected either.
There are hardly guitars, no flute, no escalation of note or harmonies, and it returns to its lightness after the thickening which might pass as a climax. It just exists for six minutes, but as if it had been there already before we tuned in, and continues beyond our time with it.
Within it Pulido sings as if from the perspective of drummer McKenzie Smith – whose son, Noble, was born with a rare brain disorder – talking to his baby. It's soft and tender, canvassing the shock of the discovery, the thoughts of a future, and then the joy that envelops this relationship as connection and the unfettered pleasure of a child just experiencing the world as it is, give substance to everything.
There are no historical or anachronistic references, there are no metaphors or allusions, and there is no conclusion. It is just starkly personal, purely in the moment, and nothing like they've ever done before.
However, in its ability to be emotionally present and connect, with or without words; in its sense of understanding and acceptance – and, yes, in its sheer attractiveness – it feels as true to this Denton, Texas band as anything they've ever done.
Noble, is not the only song that might be considered unexpected here (well, unless you own their very first album, Bamnan And Silvercork, anyway). There's Glistening, with its winking guitar motif and irregular timing that feels like a borrowed math rock track; and there's Dawning, where a kind of Steely Dan cool groove hovers around.
None of these are the shimmering antique folk meets psychedelic rock of the two albums which made their reputation, The Trials Of Van Occupanther and The Courage Of Others. But none of them feel out of place either, much in the way that Antiphon, the chunkier 2013 album made in the wake of the departure of original singer and lead writer, Tim Smith, felt more like exploratory deviations within the same forest. Just later at night, in a colder, harder winter.
Indeed, For The Sake Of Bethel Woods draws comfortably from what you might say is both sides of the band.
The title track has a brisk propulsion and prominent piano, with an almost intrusive bass leading the way, but there's an overlay of searching in the vocals; The End, mixes a trippy overlay with proggy innards, a wistful flute with an inquisitive guitar; Feast Of Carrion opens with the feel of a stone room, a fire in the furthest corner from those sat below the salt, and even as the ancient synthesiser calls with light warning, the flute responds with flighty wit; and Commune puts you inside a warm room, a cloak of bodies around one chair, and is gone almost before you register.
Lyrically, the balance between ye olde and the new world tilts a bit more to the modern, at least in the sense that it feels like these are attitudes applicable to contemporary issues. There are gaps in the lives of the people here, but not ones that are going to stay unfilled. Not by some magical thinking or wishful thinking either, just trust and hope.
Which brings up something key about this return. Like many, when I heard the news of a Midlake reformation I thought that's nice, and was mildly curious – there was a deep residue of fondness existing after all. But I also thought, how will it fit into my life in 2022 compared with 2006 and 2010 when my head and heart and days were something different, and the band meant something different.
What I wasn't expecting when playing the album was how perfect for the moment it was, how it seemed built for the emotional upheavals that seem to occur on a daily basis these days. With its examination of grief and rebuilding, of legacy and memory, it offers comfort in the way they did more than a decade ago as summed up by the Van Occupanther song Branches and the line "it's hard for me but I'm trying".
This time they're saying "we know you're trying, so are we, and there is a path". Of course, that probably says more about me than them, but that's why albums like this can work.
OLD FASHIONED, SAME PASSIONS: see how Midlake found themselves ready to return, and the ghostly messages that presaged, or predicted, it . An interview with Eric Pulido.


text:
Claims of racial discrimination pits one employee against city
On behalf of Employment Law Office of John H. Haskin & Associates, LLC | Jun 5, 2013 | Workplace Discrimination |
Despite state and federal laws that prohibit employers from racially discriminating against their workers, incidences of this deplorable behavior occur in cities across the nation, sometimes even here in our very own Indianapolis. Some people here in Indiana may have already heard about the case of racial discrimination out of Texas this month where a worker claims that he was denied a position he rightfully earned because of the color of his skin.
Although race discrimination cases can sometimes be difficult to prove, having documentation of a discriminatory incident occurring and being able to back that up with supporting statements from coworkers can often times be what is needed to win a case against a guilty employer. In the case of the Texas employee, statements and changes to an interview document are some pieces of evidence that could back up his allegations in court.
In the lawsuit, the employee states that aside from racial slurs that were directed towards him by fellow employees, his main qualm stems from earning a position he was never given. As the employee explains, he applied for a promotion in April 2011. After interviewing successfully for the position, he was told by two interviewers that he had earned the highest score and the position as well. But even after re-interviewing two months later–and being the only candidate for the job–he says that he still did not receive the job.
It wasn't until after the job was posted in a different city and awarded to two other employees that he went to human resources and inquired about his interview. According to the lawsuit, he was told that his original interview documents had been tampered with. Upon further questioning, one of the interviewers admitted that he had been told to change his score thus preventing him from being promoted.
The allegedly tampered-with documents and the interviewer's statement backup the employee's claims that the attempt to prevent him from obtaining the promotion was racially motivated and directly violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The hope now is that a court judge will see the case this way and award him compensation for this wrongful act.
Source: NBC 5 News, "Forth Worth Employee Claims Racial Disrimination in Lawsuit," Scott Gordon, June 4, 2013


Since opening our doors last spring, we've been eager to start a blog which showcases new arrivals, style tips, the latest trends, our unique in-store espresso bar and more. We are ecstatic to say it's finally here!
We pride ourselves on our tightly curated assortment of women's apparel, accessories and gifts, and we can't wait to share that same thoughtful approach in the form of beautiful images and compelling topics on our blog.
Here you'll find a strong pulse on the fashion industry and a blending of the virtual and in-store Whistle Club experience. Check back weekly for new posts covering our east-meets-west coast design aesthetic and be sure to follow us on Facebook, Instagram and Pinterest for the daily scoop!


Must Profits Made in Transactions Involving Late-Delivered Goods Be Deducted from the Injured Party's Breach Damages? If Not, What Impact Should Late-Delivered Goods Have?
Saltman, Alan I. (2004) "Must Profits Made in Transactions Involving Late-Delivered Goods Be Deducted from the Injured Party's Breach Damages? If Not, What Impact Should Late-Delivered Goods Have?," St. John's Law Review: Vol. 78 : No. 1 , Article 5.


text:
Home › Ancient History › What Are the Origins of the Sasanian Empire?
What Are the Origins of the Sasanian Empire?
By Sandvick on January 7, 2019 • ( 0 )
Coin of the First Sasanian King Ardashir I (AD 224-240)
In the ancient world, three dynasties of Persian speaking peoples created vast empires across central Asia and the Near East: the Achaemenid (559-330 BC), the Parthian (ca. 247 BC-AD 224), and the Sasanian (AD 224-651). Although each of the Persian empires shared certain cultural attributes and a fair amount of geographical space, each dynasty was also unique and important in its own way. Stretching from the Indus River in the east to the Euphrates River in the west, and from the Oxus River in the north to the Persian Gulf in the south, the Sasanian Empire was every bit as large and powerful as its two predecessors.
The Sasanians were known for following and codifying many of the Achaemenid and Parthian cultural and religious traditions, such as the rituals of the Zoroastrian religion in the collection of religious texts known as the Avesta. Like the Parthians before them, the Sasanians fought the Romans, and later the Byzantines, for control of Mesopotamia and ultimately lost a war for their very existence against the Islamic Arab armies, which signaled the beginning of Islam's ascendancy in the region and the end of the ancient Near East.
But long before Islam overtook Persia, the Sasanians fought a war against the Parthians for control of the region. The Sasanians achieved their victory through a combination of superior leaders, tactics, and organization and despite the violent overthrow of the Parthian Dynasty, the transition from Parthian to Sasanian rule was incredibly seamless. The early Sasanian kings pursued a program of continuity with the Parthian and Achaemenid dynasties in their use and acceptance of religion, language, and history, which ultimately made the dynasty strong enough to resist outside forces.
Read more at DailyHistory.org
‹ How Did Sargon of Akkad Influence Ancient Mesopotamian History?
How did climate change influence the rise and collapse of the ancient Maya? ›
Categories: Ancient History, Middle Eastern History, Persian History


text:
'use strict';

goog.require('utils');
goog.require('journeys_utils');

describe('utils', function() {
	var assert = testUtils.unplanned();

	describe('base64encode', function() {
		it('should encode a string', function() {
			var string = 'test string to encode';
			var expectedEncoded = 'dGVzdCBzdHJpbmcgdG8gZW5jb2Rl';
			assert.strictEqual(utils.base64encode(string), expectedEncoded, 'Correctly encoded');
		});
	});

	describe('merge', function() {
		it('should merge two objects despite duplication', function() {
			var obj1 = { "simple": "object" };
			var obj2 = {
				"simple": "object",
				"nested": {
					"object": "here"
				}
			};
			var expectedMerged = {
				"simple": "object",
				"nested": {
					"object": "here"
				}
			};
			assert.deepEqual(utils.merge(obj1, obj2), expectedMerged, 'Correctly merged');
		});
		it('should handle an non-object for first argument', function() {
			var obj1 = null;
			var obj2 = {
				"simple": "object",
				"nested": {
					"object": "here"
				}
			};
			var expectedMerged = {
				"simple": "object",
				"nested": {
					"object": "here"
				}
			};
			assert.deepEqual(utils.merge(obj1, obj2), expectedMerged, 'Correctly merged');
		});
		it('should handle an non-object for second argument', function() {
			var obj1 = { "simple": "object" };
			var obj2 = null;
			var expectedMerged = { "simple": "object" };
			assert.deepEqual(utils.merge(obj1, obj2), expectedMerged, 'Correctly merged');
		});
	});

	describe('whiteListSessionData', function() {
		it('should remove unwanted params', function() {
			var data = {
				"data": "string",
				"data_parsed": {
					"key": "value"
				},
				"has_app": true,
				"identity": "67890",
				"referring_identity": "12345",
				"referring_link": null,
				"unwanted": "param"
			};
			delete data.unwanted;
			assert.deepEqual(
				utils.whiteListSessionData(data),
				data,
				'Unwanted param should be removed'
			);
		});

		it('should make missing params null', function() {
			var data = {
				"data": "string",
				"identity": "67890",
				"referring_identity": "12345"
			};
			var whiteListedData = utils.whiteListSessionData(data);
			assert.strictEqual(whiteListedData['has_app'], null, 'has_app should be null');
		});
	});

	describe('cleanLinkData', function() {
		var windowLocation = 'http://someurl/pluspath';
		var ogTitle = 'OGTitle';
		var ogDescription = 'OGDescription';
		var ogImage = 'OGImage';
		var ogVideo = 'OGVideo';

		beforeEach(function() {
			sinon.stub(utils, 'getWindowLocation')
				.returns(windowLocation);

			sinon.stub(utils, 'getOpenGraphContent')
				.onCall(0).returns(ogTitle)
				.onCall(1).returns(ogDescription)
				.onCall(2).returns(ogImage)
				.onCall(3).returns(ogVideo);
		});

		afterEach(function() {
			utils.getOpenGraphContent.restore();
			utils.getWindowLocation.restore();
		});

		it('should accept empty linkData', function() {
			var linkData = { };
			var dataString = [
				'{',
				'"$canonical_url":"' + windowLocation + '",',
				'"$og_title":"' + ogTitle + '",',
				'"$og_description":"' + ogDescription + '",',
				'"$og_image_url":"' + ogImage + '",',
				'"$og_video":"' + ogVideo + '"',
				'}'
			].join('');
			var expectedCleanedLinkData = {
				source: "web-sdk",
				data: dataString
			};
			assert.deepEqual(
				utils.cleanLinkData(linkData),
				expectedCleanedLinkData,
				'Accept empty linkData'
			);
		});

		it('should stringify field "data" and add "source"', function() {
			var linkData = {
				"data": {
					subfield1:"bar",
					"subfield2":false
				},
				field1: 12345,
				field2: "67890",
				"field 3": true,
				field4: null
			};
			var dataString = [
				'{',
				'"subfield1":"bar",',
				'"subfield2":false,',
				'"$canonical_url":"' + windowLocation + '",',
				'"$og_title":"' + ogTitle + '",',
				'"$og_description":"' + ogDescription + '",',
				'"$og_image_url":"' + ogImage + '",',
				'"$og_video":"' + ogVideo + '"',
				'}'
			].join('');
			var expectedCleanedLinkData = {
				"data": dataString,
				field1: 12345,
				field2: "67890",
				"field 3": true,
				field4: null,
				source: "web-sdk"
			};
			assert.deepEqual(
				utils.cleanLinkData(linkData),
				expectedCleanedLinkData,
				'Stringified field "data" and added "source"'
			);
		});

		it('should not stringify pre-stringified field "data"', function() {
			var linkData = {
				"data":
				{
					subfield1:"bar",
					"subfield2":false
				},
				field1: 12345,
				field2: "67890",
				"field 3": true,
				field4: null
			};
			var dataString = [
				'{',
				'"subfield1":"bar",',
				'"subfield2":false,',
				'"$canonical_url":"' + windowLocation + '",',
				'"$og_title":"' + ogTitle + '",',
				'"$og_description":"' + ogDescription + '",',
				'"$og_image_url":"' + ogImage + '",',
				'"$og_video":"' + ogVideo + '"',
				'}'
			].join('');
			var expectedCleanedLinkData = {
				"data": dataString,
				field1: 12345,
				field2: "67890",
				"field 3": true,
				field4: null,
				source: "web-sdk"
			};
			assert.deepEqual(
				utils.cleanLinkData((utils.cleanLinkData(linkData))),
				expectedCleanedLinkData,
				'Refrain from over-stringifying field "data"'
			);
		});
	});

	describe('message', function() {
		it('should produce a missing param message', function() {
			assert.strictEqual(
				utils.message(utils.messages.missingParam, [ 'endpoint', 'param' ]),
				'API request endpoint missing parameter param',
				'Expected missing param message produced'
			);
		});

		it('should produce an invalid param type message', function() {
			assert.strictEqual(
				utils.message(
					utils.messages.invalidType,
					[ 'endpoint', 'param', 'type' ]
				),
				'API request endpoint, parameter param is not type',
				'Expected invalid param type message produced'
			);
		});

		it('should produce a Branch SDK not init message', function() {
			assert.strictEqual(
				utils.message(utils.messages.nonInit),
				'Branch SDK not initialized',
				'Expected Branch SDK not init message produced'
			);
		});

		it('should produce a Branch SDK already init message', function() {
			assert.strictEqual(
				utils.message(utils.messages.existingInit),
				'Branch SDK already initilized',
				'Expected Branch SDK already initialized message produced'
			);
		});

		it('should produce a missing app id', function() {
			assert.strictEqual(
				utils.message(utils.messages.missingAppId),
				'Missing Branch app ID',
				'Expected Branch app id missing message produced'
			);
		});

		it('should produce a call branch init first', function() {
			assert.strictEqual(
				utils.message(utils.messages.callBranchInitFirst),
				'Branch.init must be called first',
				'Expected Branch must be called first message produced'
			);
		});

		it('should produce a timeout message', function() {
			assert.strictEqual(
				utils.message(utils.messages.timeout),
				'Request timed out',
				'Expected Request timed out message produced'
				);
		});

		it('should produce a missing URL error', function() {
			assert.strictEqual(
				utils.message(utils.messages.missingUrl),
				'Required argument: URL, is missing',
				'Expected Missing url message produced'
			);
		});
	});

	describe('getParamValue', function() {
		it('should return search param value', function() {
			if (testUtils.go('?test=testsearch')) {
				assert.strictEqual(
					utils.getParamValue('test'),
					'testsearch',
					'Returns search param'
				);
			}
		});

		it('should return undefined if not set', function() {
			if (testUtils.go('')) {
				assert.strictEqual(undefined, utils.getParamValue('test'), 'returns undefined');
			}
		});
	});

	describe('hashValue', function() {
		it('should return hash param value', function() {
			if (testUtils.go('#test:testhash')) {
				assert.strictEqual(
					utils.hashValue('test'),
					'testhash',
					'Returns hash param'
				);
			}
		});

		it('should return undefined if not set', function() {
			if (testUtils.go('')) {
				assert.strictEqual(undefined, utils.hashValue('test'), 'returns undefined');
			}
		});
	});

	describe('extractDeeplinkPath', function() {
		it('should return deeplink path for an https:// url', function() {
			if (testUtils.go('#test:extractDeeplinkPath')) {
				assert.strictEqual(
					'abc/def/',
					utils.extractDeeplinkPath('https://domain.name/abc/def/'),
					'should extract deeplink path'
				);
			}
		});

		it('should return deeplink path for a url with implicit protocol', function() {
			if (testUtils.go('#test:extractDeeplinkPath')) {
				assert.strictEqual(
					'abc/def/',
					utils.extractDeeplinkPath('domain.name/abc/def/'),
					'should extract deeplink path'
				);
			}
		});

		it('should return empty string if there is no deeplink path', function() {
			if (testUtils.go('#test:extractDeeplinkPath')) {
				assert.strictEqual(
					'',
					utils.extractDeeplinkPath('https://domain.name'),
					'should extract deeplink path as empty string'
				);
			}
		});
	});
	describe('extractMobileDeeplinkPath', function() {
		it('should return deeplink path mobile scheme url', function() {
			if (testUtils.go('#test:extractMobileDeeplinkPath')) {
				assert.strictEqual(
					'abc/def/',
					utils.extractMobileDeeplinkPath('AppName://abc/def/'),
					'should extract deeplink path'
				);
			}
		});

		it('should return deeplink path if no protocol is given', function() {
			if (testUtils.go('#test:extractMobileDeeplinkPath')) {
				assert.strictEqual(
					'abc/def/',
					utils.extractMobileDeeplinkPath('abc/def/'),
					'should extract deeplink path'
				);
			}
		});

		it('should return a deeplink path if "/" is prepended', function() {
			if (testUtils.go('#test:extractMobileDeeplinkPath')) {
				assert.strictEqual(
					'abc/def/',
					utils.extractMobileDeeplinkPath('/abc/def/'),
					'should extract deeplink path'
				);
			}
		});

		it('should return empty string if there is no deeplink path', function() {
			if (testUtils.go('#test:extractMobileDeeplinkPath')) {
				assert.strictEqual(
					'',
					utils.extractMobileDeeplinkPath('AppName://'),
					'should extract deeplink path as empty string'
				);
			}
		});
	});
	describe('getHostedDeepLinkData', function() {
		it('should return an object', function() {
			assert.strictEqual(
				'object',
				typeof utils.getHostedDeepLinkData(),
				'should return an object type'
			);
		});
		it('should find applink and branch hosted data on page', function() {
			var expected = {
				productId: '1234',
				productName: 'shoes',
				$ios_deeplink_path: 'monster/view/ios',
				$android_deeplink_path: 'monster/view/android'
			};
			assert.deepEqual(
				expected,
				utils.getHostedDeepLinkData(),
				'should return an object with data'
			);
		});
	});

	describe('setJourneyLinkData', function() {
		it('should set journeys_utils.journeyLinkData with bannerid and journey link data', function() {
			var html = '<script id="journeyLinkData" type="application/json">' +
				'{"journey_link_data":{"open_app":false,"data":{"a":"b"},"tags":["Top_View"],"source":"web-sdk","feature":"journeys","app_id":"408352930148667465","browser_fingerprint_id":"429360597355859736","campaign":"campaign_name (2)"}}' +
				'</script>';
			journeys_utils.branchViewId = "428699261402931211";
			journeys_utils.setJourneyLinkData(html);
			var expected = { "banner_id":"428699261402931211",
					"journey_link_data":{ "data":{ "a":"b" },
					"tags":[ "Top_View" ],
					"feature":"journeys",
					"campaign":"campaign_name (2)" } };

			assert.deepEqual(
				expected,
				journeys_utils.journeyLinkData,
				'should be equal'
			);
		});
		it('should set journeys_utils.journeyLinkData with bannerid ', function() {
			var html = '<script type="application/json">var name = "test";</script>';
			journeys_utils.branchViewId = "428699261402931211";
			journeys_utils.setJourneyLinkData(html);
			var expected = { "banner_id":"428699261402931211" };
			assert.deepEqual(
				expected,
				journeys_utils.journeyLinkData,
				'should be equal'
			);
		});
	});

	describe('isSafari11OrGreater', function() {
		var originalUa = navigator.userAgent;

		function setUserAgent(ua) {
			navigator.__defineGetter__("userAgent", function() {
				return ua;
			});
		}

		afterEach(function() {
			setUserAgent(originalUa);
		});

		var popularBrowsers = [
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/40.0.2214.85 Safari/537.36',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; bingbot/2.0; +http://www.bing.com/bingbot.htm)',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.10; rv:34.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/34.0',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:34.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/34.0',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.85 Safari/537.36',
			'mindUpBot (datenbutler.de)',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 7_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/537.51.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.0 Mobile/11A465 Safari/9537.53 (compatible; bingbot/2.0; http://www.bing.com/bingbot.htm)',
			'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; Media Center PC',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; rv:34.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/34.0',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/13.0.782.112 Safari/535.1',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:30.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/30.0',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2228.0 Safari/537.36',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/5.0; Trident/5.0)',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:41.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/41.0',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 5_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/531.21.10 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0.4 Mobile/7B367 Safari/531.21.10 UCBrowser/3.4.3.532',
			'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; FSL 7.0.6.01001)',
			'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; FSL 7.0.7.01001)',
			'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; FSL 7.0.5.01003)',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:12.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/12.0',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; de; rv:1.9.2.8) Gecko/20100723 Ubuntu/10.04 (lucid) Firefox/3.6.8',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:13.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/13.0.1',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:11.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/11.0',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; de; rv:1.9.2.8) Gecko/20100723 Ubuntu/10.04 (lucid) Firefox/3.6.8',
			'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0; .NET CLR 1.0.3705)',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:13.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/13.0.1',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:13.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/13.0.1',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0)',
			'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)',
			'Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en) Presto/2.10.289 Version/12.01',
			'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:5.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/5.0.1',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:5.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/5.02',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/13.0.782.112 Safari/535.1',
			'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT 5.0) Opera 7.02 Bork-edition [en]'
		];

		it('should return false for non safari browsers', function() {
			var isSafari11 = false;
			popularBrowsers.forEach(function(ua) {
				setUserAgent(ua);
				if (navigator.userAgent === ua && utils.isSafari11OrGreater()) {
					isSafari11 = true;
				}
			});

			assert.strictEqual(isSafari11, false, 'should return false for all browsers');
		});

		var safari11 = [
			'Mozilla/5.0 (iPod touch; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.28 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A5318g Safari/604.1',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.31 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A5327g Safari/604.1',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.28 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A5318g Safari/604.1',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.25 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A5304j Safari/604.1',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.25 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A5304i Safari/604.1',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.31 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A5327g Safari/604.1',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.28 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A5318g Safari/604.1',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.25 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A5304j Safari/604.1',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.21 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A5278f Safari/602.1',
			'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.25 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A5304i Safari/604.1'
		];

		it('should return true for safari 11 browsers', function() {
			var isSafari11 = true;
			safari11.forEach(function(ua) {
				setUserAgent(ua);
				if (navigator.userAgent === ua && !utils.isSafari11OrGreater()) {
					isSafari11 = false;
				}
			});

			assert.strictEqual(isSafari11, true, 'should return true for all browsers');
		});
	});
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


instructions to find the Secret location will be released on April 6 at 3:33 am on dimensionsofbeing.com.
On April 6, DoB returns to Greenville to create an experience of energetic alignment.
We will explore the concept of FLOW, a characteristic feature of the universe. From the rivers on our planet to the veins within ourselves, and to the movement of celestial bodies, FLOW is a universal constant that must be integrated into our being. This concept will direct the conceptual focus and aesthetic design of our gathering.
A multi-sensory experience, DoB will incorporate sound, visual, and culinary art in order to create a truly immersive experience that catalyzes self discovery.
As you explore and discover the different art forms and mediums through out the evening, we seek to direct you towards your own internal infinity.
Dimensions of Being (Atlanta GA//Greenville, SC) and The Space Between (Miami, FL) join together in curating Biology: a multi-sensory gathering that will be an artistic study on Life. Motifs of life, consciousness, & nature will guide the musical, conceptual, and aesthetic design for the evening.
We will transform District Atlanta's outdoor dance floor into a transcendental hideaway adorned with plants, decorations, props, sound, live painting, and more, fusing a confluence of variables to create a holistic, energetically-aligned evening of sensory stimulation seeking to catalyze self discovery.


Today's passage from the Rule correlates well with yesterday's celebration of Gaudete (Rejoice!) Sunday. A Benedictine community is instructed here to open itself to receive with rejoicing whatever God has to give through the presence of the visiting monastic. This is a posture of the heart that Caryll Houselander identifies as the "virginal quality" embodied by St. Mary. Listen to her words from The Reed of God.
That virginal quality, which, for want of a better word, I call emptiness is the beginning of contemplation.
It is not a formless emptiness, a void without meaning; on the contrary it has a shape, a form given to it by the purpose for which it was intended.
It is emptiness like the hollow in a reed, the narrow riftless emptiness which can only have one destiny: to receive the piper's breath and to utter the song that is in his heart.
It is an emptiness like that of a bird's nest, built in a warm, round ring to receive the little bird.
The pre-Advent emptiness of our Lady's purposeful virginity was indeed like those three things.
She was a reed through which the Eternal Love was to be piped as a shepherd's song.
She was a flowerlike chalice into which the purest water of humanity was to be poured, mingled with wine, changed to the crimson blood of love and lifted up in sacrifice.
She was the warm nest rounded to the shape of humanity to receive the Divine Little Bird.
We are each to seek this virginal quality within ourselves. We are each "to receive the piper's breath and utter the song that is in his heart." We are each to free ourselves from our attachments to the particulars of our circumstantial landscape so that we can welcome the Divine Word that seeks a channel into the world. Let us listen together for the piper's song blowing through the reed of our lives.


Gemma Bissix is heading to Southport , starring in a brand-new production of "Mum's The Word 2".
One of the nation's favourites, Mum's The Word laughs at the comedic horrors of bringing up children in this new and updated version of the hit show.
This time the mums are "older and wider", on their continuing journey into parenting.
Gemma, who became a mum less than nine months ago, says the experience has completely changed her life, sort of.
"It's the most incredible thing ever, obviously.
"But it is weird. I'm not just Gemma Bissix any more, I'm 'Juliette's mum'.
"I did all the partying in my 20s, I've been lucky and had a lot of fun. And now I've settled down, but it's not like we've become recluses.
The show is made up of true-to-life experiences and moments shared by real mums. Because of this, cast members had to be real mums, too.
"Before I read the script that puzzled me a little, but now I totally get it.
"I do think you have to be a parent to be able to relate to the situations and feelings, but let me just stress how laugh-out-loud funny the script is.
So this show is for mums and mums only?
And has Gemma had any funny experiences with baby Juliette?
"Funny? I'm not sure. She's forever falling over.
"Not too seriously, touch wood, but I only have to take my eye off her for a split second and she'll be roly-polying off cushions. or onto my lap.
Former Liberty X singer Michelle Heaton will also star in the show.
"I know Michelle well, actually.
"We've partied quite a bit to be honest!
Speaking of looking forward to things, Gemma gets to come to Southport.
"I know it's really, really bad of me [Gemma lived in Liverpool for two years while she appeared in Hollyoaks] but I've never been to Southport.
And speaking of Hollyoaks, for which she won Villain Of The Year at the Soap Awards, Gemma says while she is in the North West she'll be catching up with some former fellow cast-members.
Mum's The Word 2 comes to Southport Theatre and Convention Centre on Wednesday, September 28.
Billed as "hysterically funny", "poignant" and "thoroughly enjoyable" throughout, this fantastic production retains many of the funniest moments from the original as it moves onward into, not just the lives of their teenagers, but how the mums feel about growing older, their families and relationships.


Gather family and friends to enjoy a few rounds of the world's most loved family board game.
In this exclusive Ritz-Carlton, Millenia Singapore Monopoly game edition, learn about Singapore's iconic landmarks and visitor attractions, and the unique guest experiences available within The Ritz-Carlton, Millenia Singapore.
Purchases are available at the gift shop and online at www.colonybakery.oddle.me.
For enquiries, please email rc.sinrz.emarketing@ritzcarlton.com.
The Gift Shop offers an array of swimwear, fragrances, candles, diffusers, handwoven cashmere shawls, and Lalique crystalware.
Pick out a gift from one of our curated jewellery collections by Perlei or Anna K, or simply delight a loved one back home with our range of Ritz-Carlton logo apparel and accessories which include notebooks, USB sticks and polo tees.
Located on Level 1, within The Ritz-Carlton Spa.
Open from Tuesdays to Sundays from 10 a.m. to 7:30 p.m.
For information, please call (65) 6434-5209.


You may have seen this before. You find a brand that you absolutely adore but their products never go on sale. You still buy some of their stuff, but you don't find yourself rampaging through their aisles, ripping a steam cooker out of a little girl's trembling hands (even if it was a prank, it's not too far from reality).
Well, MagneTree's first holiday season was not void of flashy sales. We had a promo calendar, coupon codes, e-mail blasts, and social media posts. We definitely added to the noise.
But personally I found myself in the strange position of both merchant and buyer, both thrifty mom and salesperson. Every time I got an e-mail offer for 70% off cute toddler clothes or saw a post on facebook for a flash Amazon sale on the latest toy I was met with a moral divide. I wanted to shout from the rooftops "Shop local! Support small businesses! Hey, look at me, I made something you'll love even though it's not on clearance sale!" But at the same time I was really tempted to buy a few of those majorly discounted products myself. So I took the bait, I clicked a few links and browsed some clearance sections. Soon I found myself at an online checkout with a cart full of things I don't think I would have bought if they were full price.
That's when I realized that my desire to buy something on sale was much like my desire to feed my toddler spaghetti for dinner. It was cheap & a quick fix, and I always regretted it.
I stopped myself from buying the unwanted, discounted crap that the store was just trying to get rid of. And instead I headed to one of my fellow small biz owners and found something I actually loved. It wasn't 99.99% off, and I valued every penny I spent on it.
So while we'll never say never, we're definitely saying "Nope." for now.
Happy Holidays little (& big) readers!


text:
[ARCHIVED] Town Passes New Ordinances
Guns and other weapons will no longer be allowed on Town-owned property or in Town buildings in accordance with a new ordinance passed unanimously by the Woodbridge Board of Selectmen at their June monthly meeting. Several residents turned out to support the Selectmen's action.
"I believe this change comports with what most residents would assume to be the case," said First Selectman Ellen Scalettar. "We don't expect guns on playgrounds, walking trails or at the library."
The Woodbridge Board of Selectmen approved a change to the Town's firearms ordinance on the same day that a member of Congress and four others were shot while at a baseball practice and a year and a day after the country's deadliest mass shooting at the Pulse nightclub.
"A municipality cannot regulate the gun industry like the federal or state government can; we cannot require mental health background checks or prohibit those on the no-fly list from buying guns. What we can do is regulate where those guns are carried and used in our Town," Scalettar said.
Following the tragic murder of 20 Connecticut school children in 2012, Connecticut passed some of the toughest gun laws in the country. The State law prohibits carrying weapons in schools and where legislators meet, but otherwise leaves it up to property owners – whether they are public or private - to restrict weapons on their property. Many Connecticut towns have done so.
The ordinance prohibits carrying guns onto any property owned by the Town of Woodbridge, including municipal buildings, parks, trails, etc. There are two exemptions: one for law enforcement personnel and the other for the lawful transport of weapons on Town roads.
Another change to the firearms ordinance was approved in order to bring it into compliance with State law. Woodbridge's ordinance had prohibited discharging a weapon within 500 yards of a dwelling but state law requires that the maximum distance be 500 feet.
Woodbridge Passes Pet Leash Law
The Town of Woodbridge now has a "leash law" that requires dogs to be on a leash. Already dog owners (or dog walkers) were required to pick up and remove dog feces from any public area or private area that is not the dog owners' yard.
Now dog owners and dog walkers have the additional responsibility of keeping their dog under control with a leash or similar restraint. The blind and accompanying guide dogs are exempted from both requirements.


Don't miss the high-speed performance bike racing competition coming to California this July. The Motul FIM Superbike World Championship, GEICO Motorcycle U.S. Round, featuring the Honda Superbike Showdown of California will be bringing together hundreds of international riders, teams and sponsors for the ultimate racing event.
The FIM Superbike World Championship runs from July 8 to July 10, 2016, and includes a set of free practice races and warmup sessions where bikers will get mentally prepared for the grand racing events on race weekend afternoons. Skilled riders will be fighting for the lead spot on the challenging course of this year's bike racing competition.
This year marks the return of MotoGP World Champion Nicky Hayden and will include two major races. The first race takes place on Saturday at 2:30 pm. and the second race will be held on Sunday at the same time. Racing fans will see some of the latest high-performance bikes at these races, including the Superbike/Superstock 1000, Supersport, Superstock 600 and the KTM RC Cup.
Ticket packages are available for those who want a VIP experience or attend both days of the race. Bike racing fans also have the option to become a race insider by volunteering as a race marshal.
Guests staying at any of the Inns of Monterey have easy access to the bike racing grounds and other special events in Monterey Bay. Our boutique properties cater to travelers looking for a distinctive experience and relaxing accommodations in beautiful Monterey Bay. From the serene setting of the Monterey Bay Inn to the captivating ambiance of the Casa Munras Garden Hotel & Spa, you can look forward to a relaxing retreat during racing week or other summer getaway in California at any of our properties.