text:
ycharper
Thought provoking musings…
registered voter
Yes, We're Going!
January 12, 2016 ycharper	Choice, Donald Trump, presidential election, Uncategorized	Tags: Donald Trump, Freedom, government, registered voter	Leave a comment
On Wednesday, the 13th, Donald Trump will be in Pensacola, Florida… and yes, I'm going. Not only am I going, but I am taking my 15-year-old son, much to his chagrin.
I will not vote for Donald Trump in the Florida Primary. I have listened to interviews and the debates and he's an interesting man. There are many things I like about him. I like that he hasn't allowed the media to control the narrative when it comes to him. I like that he calls out Hillary Clinton for the hypocrite she is. I like that he isn't politically correct; he speaks plainly, even if it takes him a full circle to come back around to his point.
I don't like that he has not yet talked about the boundaries of the Executive Branch as stipulated in Article II of the Constitution. I don't like that he's egocentric. I don't like that he's bombastic. Sometimes being grandiloquent works, but as President, do I really want that characteristic in the man who occupies the White House? Not so much.
But the important part of all this is that I think this is such a wonderful opportunity to hear an entire speech by him, without commentary, from the talking heads on "news" channels. I also want my son to hear what he has to say and take part in this Republic process.
When I printed the tickets, my son expressed his dismay in the most vocal manner.
"Why do I have to go? I don't care about government? I won't hear most of what he says. Why do I have to go? I don't want to go!!"
I let him have his moments of vocal despair and then quietly began to speak.
"You are 15 now, will be 16 in March," I began. "When you turn 18, whoever is elected now will be president and that means they will be the Commander in Chief. When you are 18, you have to sign up for the Selective Service. That means if there is ever a war and the U.S. military has run out of bodies, they begin the draft. That is when you are told you must serve. You must go to whatever foreign shore the President has decided needs "democracy."
But more than that, government, from the federal to the state to local, affects every aspect of your life. The roads you drive on, the drivers license you hold, the taxes we pay for those roads… The schools and the taxes we pay for those… The sales tax you pay: when you have $10 and the shirt is $9.99, you know you don't have enough because of that sales tax. The water you drink is clean because of laws that state it must be clean. All of it: you do "government" even if you don't like government.
And the right to vote… (this is where I began to choke up) the right to vote, that was won by men you will never know. Men, who signed their names on a piece of paper that declared independence because there was no representation. Remember, the colonists were British subjects. When Britain needed money after a war, the King and Parliament looked across the great expanse called the Atlantic Ocean and decided to tax the colonists. The British government dissolved several of the colonial governments, imposed taxes and other rules. The colonist, fed up with no representation, committed an act of treason by declaring their independence. The men who penned their names knew what they were doing. Many of them lost their homes, their families and were imprisoned; they lost everything. They did that so we could have a Representative Republic. A government where we, the people, elect who will make those decisions on our behalf.
And other men… your great-uncle, buried in a foreign land after dying fighting because he cherished those rights. A man you will never know.
And for me as a woman… It took decades of perseverance and many of the women who started the Suffrage Movement were dead when the 19th Amendment was ratified in 1920, 96 years ago. Women not only had to fight for this basic right, they had to go up against a president who didn't want them to have the right to vote. They were imprisoned for merely walking on a street, protesting.
So I take this process seriously and so too, should you. Because it's important. It's vital that we, as Americans, take part in this process. And Donald Trump is a candidate unlike any other. He's bombastic. He's caustic. He's defying the establishment. He's funding his own campaign. He's holding a free event that allows people like you and me to go and hear him speak. You may only hear a small part of what he says, but it's important to hear him. And then decide for yourself what you think. Because when you turn 18 you will be able to vote and it is important to listen, learn and decide who will best make decisions on your behalf."
Sitting, looking at me, he was quiet for a moment. Finally he said, "Okay." And that was that.
So yes, On Wednesday, we will be going…
The "Mall Gift" Who Wants to be President
January 7, 2016 January 7, 2016 ycharper	Government, Marco Rubio, presidential election, Uncategorized, Voting Record	Tags: affiliation, Freedom, party, politics, registered voter	Leave a comment
Marco Rubio, the freshman Senator from Florida, now wants to be president. He touts his foreign policy experience, his experience in the Senate and his experience in the Florida House.
Let's anatomize his experience.
In 2010, Marco Rubio was voted to represent Florida as one of the state's two senators. Article I of the U.S. Constitution, which he took an oath to uphold, begins with Section 1: "All Legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives."
In order for a bill to become law, it has to pass both chambers of Congress. All appropriation bills must originate in the House of Representatives with the Senate approving all appropriation bills. This is the job of a Senator: to vote on bills, to include appropriation bills, that then go to the President for approval or veto. In order to represent Florida and the people of Florida, he has to be there to vote.
And his record… in 2015, he missed keys votes on legislation, even legislation he originally co-sponsored. Here's a brief breakdown:
January 6: Co-sponsors S1 Bill to Approve the Keystone XL Pipeline
January 29: Did not vote on the Bill to Approve the Keystone XL Pipeline (that he co-sponsored)
May 12: Did not vote on HR1314 Bipartisan Budget Act 2015
June 2: Voted against* HR2048 Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring (USA Freedom) Act of 2015: this act prohibits the bulk collection of data and requires the FBI to show reasonable cause to a judge for approval to collect information on specific individuals. (*Yes he showed up to vote, but not on the principles he now espouses.)
September 30: Did not vote on HR719 Continuing Appropriations Act 2016
October 1: Did not vote on HR2029 Military Construction and Veteran Affairs and Related Agencies Appropriations Act 2016
October 7: Did not vote on HR1735 National Defense Authorization Act for FY2016
October 22: Did not vote on S. Amendment 2564 Prohibits Liability Immunity for Corporations that Break User Agreements
October 26: Co-sponsors S.J. Res24 A Joint Resolution Providing for Congressional Disapproval under Chapter 8 of Title 5, Unites States Code, of a Rule Submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency Relating to "Carbon Pollution."
October 26: Co-Sponsors S.J. Res23 A Joint Resolution Providing for Congressional Disapproval Under Chapter 8 of Title 5, United States Code, of a Rule Submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency Relating to "Standards of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from New, Modified and Reconstructed Stationary Source: Electric Utility Generating Units"
November 17: Does not vote on the two aforementioned Resolutions he co-sponsored.
October 27: Does not vote on S754 Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA) of 2015
November 5: Does not vote on HR2685 Department of Defense Appropriations Act of 2016
This is just in the last year, 2015. His statement to Iowa voters that he has a 90% attendance record is pure elephant dung as reflected by his voting record just in 2015. But hey, why let the facts get in the way of a good tale; after all, most voters don't bother to check facts. They see a some-what good looking young man who speaks well and seems likable, so he must be telling the truth, right? Does this seem just a little bit familiar (think 2008)?
In an October 25 CNN interview, he was asked about his voting record, or lack thereof, and his response was one of arrogance.
"A lot of these votes don't mean anything because the president will veto it," he answered.
Really, that's his answer. The president will veto the bills; therefore, why show up?
During the December CNN debate, he attacked Ted Cruz for voting against the National Defense Re-authorization Act – a bill that funds the troops, according to Rubio – because it contained a provision that would allow the federal government to indefinitely detain any American without due process.
– Yet, wait for it… Rubio did not even bother showing up to vote this past year for the NDRA. –
Rubio's response was at the debate, "If you are an American citizen and you decide to join up with ISIS we are not going to read you your Miranda rights…" is another pile of elephant dung and a red herring because all that's required is for the federal government to deem an American citizen a "terrorist" without proof and then to hold that American indefinitely without due process.
And he fancies himself a Constitutional Conservative – he must be reading Cuba's Constitution because he surely isn't reading the U.S. Constitution.
Back to the CNN interview, his justification for missing so many votes is that "Voting is not the only part of the Senate job. I mean, the most important thing a senator does is constituent service. We're still involved in looking out for Florida's issues."
Again, for a man who touts the Constitution, it seems he is in need of a refresher course because as a U.S. Senator, his job is to represent Florida's interests by showing up to vote on proposed legislation. However, he claims that he's fully briefed and therefore, it's all okay.
"I was just there this Tuesday. I got fully briefed and caught up on everything that's happening in the world. I'm fully aware…. (I have a) staffer assigned to intelligence," he said in the interview.
Only an elected official can one get away with not showing up to do his job or showing up once a week to get briefed and still have a job. But I digress.
Taking his position to its logical conclusion, if he thinks it's wasteful to cast a vote because the president will veto it anyway, what will he do should Democrats regain control of the House and Senate and he's president? Not show up for work because it would be a waste since Congress wouldn't pass anything he supports?
Moving on to his touted foreign policy experience.
The Conservative Solutions PAC is running an ad that states, "FACT: Marco Rubio's attended more classified national security briefings this year than any other candidate. TRUTH: (Marco Rubio's a) recognized foreign policy expert who will keep America safe."
In other words, because Rubio has attended intelligence briefings, meetings which require no action, he is a foreign policy expert. Ignoring the fact that the ad doesn't say who considers Rubio a foreign expert – maybe his staffer assigned to intelligence – just that he is considered a foreign expert Well, let's consider the claim of his expertise because he's attended briefings…
Making that claim – that Rubio is a foreign policy expert because he's attended briefings – is like saying I'm an ace pilot because I attend flight briefings.
Again, all this seems just too familiar.
Now for his record in the Florida House.
He blocked bills that made it out of committees with strong bi-partisan support such as a bill that would have allowed the deportation of up to 5,000 illegal immigrants in prison after they served half their sentence. He also blocked enforcement proposals such as a bill requiring employers to check workers' status; a bill mandating increased cooperation between local law enforcement and federal agencies; bills that would have penalized farmers and government contractors discovered hiring illegal immigrants; and proposals requiring local police to notify federal authorities after arresting illegal immigrants, and stricter regulations on public benefits for illegal immigrants.
But hey, he played football as a youngster and that taught him a good many things… as he said in an interview in his hometown last year.
His experience is more along the lines of dishing out elephant dung with the hope that voters will accept it by the shovels, and to date, he's been right.
As voters, it is important to look beyond the fancy rhetoric that rolls off his slick tongue and look at the record upon which he stands, not the record (and principles) he claims to stand upon, because his record clearly indicates that the only principle he subscribes to is the one that gets him elected.
This nation elected another Senator eight years ago with a similar background, who also spoke well and appealed to people's emotions – let's not make the same mistake again. Or as the title of this musing states, we don't need another "mall gift" occupying the White House: pretty on the outside, but empty on the inside.
"The reading in the first stage, where they will receive their whole education, is proposed, as has been said, to be chiefly historical. History by appraising them of the past will enable them to judge of the future; it will avail them of the experiences of other times and other nations; it will qualify them as judges of the actions and designs of men; it will enable them to know ambition under every disguise it may assume; and knowing it, to defeat its views." Thomas Jefferson – Notes on the State of Virginia 1781-1785
"I'm not signing that **** thing!"
December 17, 2014 ycharper	Democrat, Government, Party Politics, Republican	Tags: affiliation, government, James Madison, party, politics, registered voter	Leave a comment
I have chosen to write about party politics for my first post because it is something I have been spending a lot of time pondering these last few months.
Before I begin, I must write, in full disclosure, that I am a registered Republican. So… for those who wish to stop reading now because of that, I would challenge you to read on… as you might just find yourself pondering party politics as well.
This past year, I ran for county commissioner. For those who do not know the process, in Florida, a candidate can pay a filing fee or get a set number of petitions signed. The petition method is one many candidate choose; it requires a registered voter in the district or area to print their name, enter their date of birth or voter registration number, address, signature and date. It is nonpartisan as the only requirement is the person completing the petition be a registered voter in the district or area – in my case, it was Santa Rosa County.
So away I went, attending events and going door-to-door to get petitions signed.
One Saturday morning, I walked a small neighborhood and came to a nice house. Before I could push the door bell, a man of about 55 answered the door. This startled me and the man laughed when he saw my expression.
"I saw you walk up," he said.
I thought this was a good start since he seemed to be in a good mood. I laughed and began my introduction.
"Hi, my name is Yvonne Harper and I'm running for District 4 County Commissioner and if you are a registered voter, would you sign a petition for me. It's doesn't mean you will vote for me, only that my name can be put on the ballot."
"Are you a Republican?" he asked.
"Yes, I am," I replied.
"You're a liar!" he harshly said.
At that moment I was taken aback because we had never met. I knew nothing of him and he knew nothing of me, yet there he stood, calling me a liar.
"No, I'm not," I offered.
"You're a Republican and you're all liars," he shot back.
"Well, I can't speak for anyone else, but I do not lie," said I.
This did not nothing to assuage his passion and he stated, with conviction, that the most liberal person ever wrote the Constitution. I could tell this conversation was going to get interesting and as I love discussing America's Founding Fathers, I thought that maybe there was hope for this conversation and the dialogue would be one of exchanging ideas. I replied, "And who would that be?"
"James Madison," he said, as if I was the biggest idiot on the planet.
I can never resist correcting people who think this, so I calmly stated, "James Madison did not write the Constitution as there were 55 men at the Constitutional Convention. He drafted it because he was the Secretary and kept impeccable notes. However, he wasn't the only one with input. Also, Gouverneur Morris wrote the preamble."
"No! James Madison wrote it and he was a liberal!," he said.
Trying to get on the same page, I asked him to explain what he meant by "liberal" and he replied that Madison favored a big federal government.
"Well, actually, according to the Federalist Papers, of which he wrote many, ("I know, I've read them," he interjected) then you know while he favored a stronger federal government, he believed it should be limited in scope and nature and that it would rely on the people, not that the people would rely on the government. And this is what I believe. I believe government should be limited and first and foremost exists to protect our liberties."
To this he replied that I didn't know what I was talking about and then he began a tirade about how evil Republicans are and how corrupt they are in Washington. I attempted to tell him that as county commissioner, I would not be responsible for federal law and that is as far as I got, because at that point, my husband walked up and he spat out,
"I'm not signing that damn thing!"
With that he walked into his house and slammed the door.
Well, so much for that, I thought.
Now before you get too upset, it must be noted that there were many people whose first question was, "Are you a Republican? Because if you're not, I'm not signing it."
Over the months, leading up to the Primary, I was blessed to meet many wonderful people, but sadly, many considered my party affiliation over more important matters, such as the kind of person I am, what I believed or what I thought was important for the county.
After the primary, I found that I could not support the winner. For those who do not know, Florida has a closed primary system, meaning only registered Republicans could vote for the six Republican candidates. Now if anyone other than the the winner had won, I could've supported the candidate, but I couldn't not support the winner. The reasons at this point are not relevant.
Well, because I believe in standing for what is right and supporting the best candidate, I supported the Libertarian candidate for the General Election. Again, another conversation took place that left me wondering just what country I lived in.
At a Republican meeting, I was told by a woman, "If you can't vote for the Republican candidate, then don't vote."
Not sure if I correctly heard her, I asked, "So what you're telling me is that if I can't vote for the Republican, I should not vote at all?"
"Yes," she said, without the slightest hesitation.
I stood there, stunned into silence – which at that time was a good thing – that I would be told not to vote if I couldn't vote "Republican." It didn't matter that the Libertarian candidate was ethical and had a history of working hard and holding local government officials accountable – all that matter was she wasn't a Republican.
Fast forward to election day. As I stood outside one of the polls supporting another candidate, several voters came out and asked me about the candidate whose shirt I wore.
Having to remind myself that I was representing this great candidate, I told them about her. In my head I was thinking, "What?!? Are you kidding?!? You just voted – what difference does it make now?"
However, I kept it professional and after telling the person about the candidate, I asked, "So who did you vote for?"
"I don't know, I voted straight Republican."
Wow!!! In other words, the voters who said this didn't know who they voted for, they merely looked at party affiliation and voted accordingly. Now, before you think, "Yeah, just like a Republican," unfortunately this happens in both parties. The one deciding factor when it comes to voting for a person, the one that tops all others, is party affiliation.
My next post will attempt to explain why this way of voting is bad for our country, but for now, I will leave you with words from a man who understood human nature and warned against dividing ourselves into party.
"Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally…
This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the human Mind. It exists under different shapes in all Governments, more or less stifled, controuled, or repressed; but in those of the popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy.
The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to party dissention, which in different ages & countries has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despotism. But this leads to a more formal and permanent despotism. The disorders and miseries which result gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and repose in the absolute power of an individual; And sooner or later the chief of some prevailing faction, more able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this disposition to the purposes of his own elevation, on the ruins of Public Liberty.
…the common and continual mischiefs of the spirit of party are sufficient to make it the interest and duty of a wise people to discourage and restrain it…
It agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms, kindles the animosity of one part against another, foments occasionally riot and insurrection…
It is important, likewise, that the habits of thinking in a free country should inspire caution in those entrusted with its administration, to confine themselves within their respective constitutional spheres, avoiding in the exercise of the powers of one department to encroach upon another. The spirit of encroachment tends to consolidate the powers of all the departments in one, and thus to create, whatever the form of government, a real despotism. A just estimate of that love of power, and proneness to abuse it, which predominates in the human heart, is sufficient to satisfy us of the truth of this position."
– George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796
Until next post… happy thinking.
2020: Moving On and Moving Forward
Myth of Time
Andy Epstein on 2020: Moving On and Moving…
ycharper on Garden of Memories
Rhonda Currier on Garden of Memories
Andy on Silence…
Andy Epstein on Darkness in the Sun
Gaetz
Rape/Sexual Assault
Sailor sits during colors
sofmissions.org


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

using SlimDX;
using D3D = SlimDX.Direct3D9;

namespace ModelViewer.Renderer {
    /// <summary>
    /// An automatically-resizing buffer of primitive data, implemented using Direct3D9.
    /// </summary>
    public class DynamicPrimitiveBuffer9<T> : DynamicPrimitiveBuffer<T> where T : struct {
        #region Public Interface

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="DynamicPrimitiveBuffer9"/> class.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="device">The device.</param>
        public DynamicPrimitiveBuffer9(D3D.Device device) {
            if (device == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("device");
            this.device = device;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Disposes of object resources.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposeManagedResources">If true, managed resources should be
        /// disposed of in addition to unmanaged resources.</param>
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposeManagedResources) {
            if (disposeManagedResources) {
                if (buffer != null) {
                    buffer.Dispose();
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the underlying buffer.
        /// </summary>
        public D3D.VertexBuffer UnderlyingBuffer {
            get {
                return buffer;
            }
        }

        #endregion
        #region Implementation Detail

        D3D.Device device;
        D3D.VertexBuffer buffer;

        /// <summary>
        /// In a derived class, implements logic to resize the buffer.
        /// During resize, the existing buffer contents need not be preserved.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sizeInBytes">The new size, in bytes.</param>
        protected override void ResizeBuffer(int sizeInBytes) {
            if (buffer != null) {
                buffer.Dispose();
            }

            buffer = new D3D.VertexBuffer(
                device,
                sizeInBytes,
                D3D.Usage.Dynamic | D3D.Usage.WriteOnly,
                D3D.VertexFormat.None,
                D3D.Pool.Default
            );
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// In a derived class, implements logic to fill the buffer with vertex data.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="vertices">The vertex data.</param>
        protected override void FillBuffer(List<T> vertices) {
            DataStream stream = buffer.Lock(0, 0, D3D.LockFlags.Discard);
            try {
                stream.WriteRange(vertices.ToArray());
            } finally {
                buffer.Unlock();
            }
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The home, located in Atlanta's Vine City neighborhood, will become part of the Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park. It's not clear when it will be opened for tours.
The home is in the Vine City neighborhood.
The National Park Foundation purchased the house from the estate of Coretta Scott King on January 8, and immediately transferred the property to the National Park Service. The foundation issued a news release about the acquisition on Thursday.
"African-American history is U.S. history, and the family home of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Mrs. Coretta Scott King is a touchstone for us all to better understand our shared heritage," said Will Shafroth, president of the National Park Foundation, nonprofit partner to the National Parks Service.
Bernice A. King, one of Martin Luther King Jr.'s two daughters, praised the park service's "dedication to preserving historic properties." She said in a tweet that it was the house the family lived in when her father was assassinated in 1968.
"We are very pleased to have worked with the National Park Foundation to ensure that the family home that my siblings and I grew up in will be open and available to the public," she said.
"My brothers and I are honored to have fulfilled my mother's wish to allow future generations to know the story of our dad as a father, a husband, a minister, and a civil rights leader," she said.
The National Park Foundation said it purchased the home via private philanthropy.
The purchase of the family home in Vine City comes after the purchase and transfer of King's birth home in late 2018.
That house is where his maternal grandparents lived, in the Sweet Auburn neighborhood. King was born there in 1929 and lived there for 12 years, the King Center said.
"The addition of the homes where Dr. King was born and where he raised his family with Coretta Scott King provides the National Park Service sacred spaces to more fully tell the story of Dr. King's life and legacy," said National Park Service Deputy Director P. Daniel Smith.


Katy Ann Gilmore is an artist living and working in Los Angeles. Originally from the Midwest, she completed her BA in Art, Math, and Spanish at Greenville College in Illinois. She then moved to LA to complete her MFA in Visual Art at Azusa Pacific University.
Working predominantly in drawing for a couple of years, she's also focused on sculpture and installation art in the past, usually more intrigued by particular concepts than a particular medium. In the past year, her work in drawing has expanded to include murals as well. Her recent work explores the relationship between flat 2D grids and their manipulations into 3D space. That's shown itself as an infatuation with landscape represented as topographical forms, inspired by her surroundings in LA. She uses her background in mathematics and interest in the relationship between 2D planes and 3D surfaces to explore curiosities about the world and its abstractions into segments of grids and lines.


The logo features a bold "S&T" to symbolize our emphasis on science and technology. The stylized ampersand features a miner's pickax that symbolizes our heritage as Missouri School of Mines and one of the first technological research universities west of the Mississippi.
The logo features a bold "S&T" to symbolize our emphasis on science and technology. This version of our logo can be used when the primary logo will not fit into a design area - such as across a narrow band, on a pen or horizontal badge.
The logo features a bold "S&T" to symbolize our emphasis on science and technology.
General merchandise can use various colors as long as it follows the one-color format or has received special permission from marketing and communications. The logo may be filled with patterns and textures, as approved marketing and communications.
The gear, while signifying our historic emphasis in the mechanics of engineering, also challenges all alumni to pursue new ideas and knowledge, accept civic responsibility and serve society.
The chain signifies the strong link between MSM, UMR and Missouri S&T graduates.
Use of the historic emblem requires authorization from the marketing and communications office. For approval and to request the file, complete this form.
Missouri S&T is contracted with Learfield to implement the university's trademark licensing program. The contract moves the university into a model used by most other major institutions for handling the licensing of its logos and trademarks on apparel, sporting goods and other products. Learfield will be the initial point of contact for manufacturers for licensing agreements, royalties and trademark protection. Missouri S&T will retain final decision-making authority and control of trademark licensing, including approval of all designs and agreements.
When using our logos, please be sure to follow the brand identity system guidelines. If you have any questions about whether your use of the Missouri S&T logos meets the brand standards, contact the Marketing and Communications office.


text:
Joy Paquette
Joy Paquette Ethical Community
FSU Graduate, Police Officer
by Sandy Gholston - July 12, 2010
Joy Paquette, the product of a quality School of Criminal Justice education, is proud to be employed as a police officer at her alma mater.
Paquette, who has been employed at Ferris since 1998, earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Ferris in Criminal Justice and her master's from Ferris in Criminal Justice Administration. Additionally, she is trained as a fire fighter, a first responder and has been employed as a part-time fire fighter for the City of Big Rapids. Paquette's credentials, along with her loyalty to Ferris and commitment to the community, are impeccable and proof that a Ferris education can set the stage for a successful career even in a field where women tend to be dramatically outnumbered by men.
Breaking down the Barriers
Barriers, however, continue to fall and Paquette sees more opportunities for young women that truly are interested in a career in law enforcement.
"I would love to see more women in law enforcement because usually there are just a few per department," said Paquette, who mentioned that her sergeant, 25-year veteran Diana Hepler, is a School of Criminal Justice graduate (as are two women officers in the Big Rapids area). "Young women who think that they are interested in this kind of a career should go to their local law enforcement agency and ask about a ride-along to get a better feel for whether or not they are interested. I tell students to try that with every career."
Paquette, who works evenings, has a list of duties that includes crime prevention, responding to emergency calls, and protecting persons and property. Her duties may sound standard, but they are not easy and she has the training to prove as much. Paquette has received training in Rape Aggression Defense and is part of an effort to educate the campus and the community on issues related to rape. The education aspect of law enforcement is important to her. Highly approachable, Paquette loves interactions with students and community members as she works on one of the primary focuses of her job – crime prevention.
Years in the Making
In high school, Paquette says she knew she wanted to be a police officer, and soon discovered Ferris' widely-respected Criminal Justice program was in her future.
Ferris' School of Criminal Justice doesn't take a backseat to many – if any.
"Ferris does have one of the best reputations for criminal justice and I was privileged to have gone here and loved the program," Paquette said. "Once you graduate from Ferris you are a certified officer. You no longer have to go through an academy because you've gone through the academy here. Since you've already graduated here you have that extra 20 weeks above and beyond other people in looking for a job as an advantage."
Take Advantage of the Possibilities
Paquette wants women to feel encouraged about the possibilities and to feel confident that their dreams do not have to be limited by gender.
"I would tell any women to take it as a challenge. There are definitely more men," said Paquette, who balances life as a mother with her job as a police officer. "We, as women, can be just as successful as men. In the old days, they may not have thought women could handle it, but women have proven they can handle it."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This summer will mark the 40th anniversary of this beloved neighborhood event in Sellwood Park! Two of the primary organizers have announced they will retire after the 2019 event and are recruiting neighbors to help keep our neighborhood tradition alive. They have well-organized records to pass on and are eager to show a new generation of neighbors the ropes.
Interested in helping? Maybe? Come to an organizing meeting and learn more. Hope to see you on 2/13 @ 7:30 in the SMILE Station (SE 13th & Tenino).


VG10 Vacuum Gripper by OnRobot: Flexible and Adaptable - Allied Automation, Inc.
The VG10 vacuum gripper is an End-of-Arm Tooling specially designed for collaborative robot applications. The flexible arms and adjustable vacuum enable the VG10 to handle a variety of objects in many different sizes.
Seamless integration with Universal Robots and support of generic robot interfaces make the VG10 ideal for all types of robots.
The gripper comes with dual grip functionality, tool changer and a variety of typical vacuum cups.
The VG10 vacuum gripper is a truly Plug & Produce solution. It works straight out of the box and into your production line in less than 30 minutes.
Call us at 800-214-0322 for more information about our Onrobot solutions.


Rofo researches and displays commercial real estate listings from top brokerage firms and landlords in Russell, KY making it easier to find available commercial space and compare current asking rental rates. In Russell, KY there are currently 1 real estate professionals to help you find the right space for you. Filter your search below and get free advice from recommended brokers in Russell, KY.
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text:
Q: Advice on IIS log analysis, for finding footprints of hackers I need to find out how a website was hacked, I have the relevant IIS logs, but since there are too many visitors, It would be nice to have some kind of log analyzer that was not designed to only give you info about traffic but also would let you filter the useless lines of logs and even possibly highlight the suspicious ones.
Do you know any such tool?
Also the website was probably hacked through sql injection, any advice on what too search for? I know I should be looking for weird parameters, but that's not enough because the hacker might have used some forms to POST data, which are not logged in the log files all the time.

A: This page has some good examples on how to use Microsoft's Log Parser
http://mlichtenberg.wordpress.com/2011/02/03/log-parser-rocks-more-than-50-examples/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Remove relationship between Eloquent records I've created two classes extending Eloquent (contacts and tags), they have a ManyToMany relationship.  I'm trying to create the method for un-tagging a contact, but am unable to find any documentation to tell how to remove the entry in the relation-table without deleting either the tag itself or the contact.
So far, I've tried
$contact = Contact::find($contact_id);
$tag = $contact->tags->where('id', '=', $id);
$tag->delete();

This only deletes the contact.  It makes sense that it doesn't work, but I'm not sure what else to try.  I don't want to delete the contact or the tag, just the relationship between the two.
I've also now tried:
$tag = Tag::find($id);
$tag->contacts->detach($contact_id);

This gives me the error:

BadMethodCallException in Builder.php line 2071: Call to undefined
  method Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder::detach()

as well as
$tag = Tag::find($id);
$contact = $tag->contacts->find($contact_id);
$tag->contacts->detach($contact);

This gives me the error:

FatalErrorException in Tag.php line 34: Call to undefined method
  Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection::detach()

Both the Contacts and Tags classes extend Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

A: You can use detach for many-to-many relationships
http://laravel.com/docs/5.1/eloquent-relationships#inserting-many-to-many-relationships
You just pass in the ID of the Tag. Take note of the parentheses after "tags"
$contact->tags()->detach($id);

Since it's many-to-many you could do the reverse as well
$tag->contacts()->detach($contact_id);

Similarly, you can use attach to create relationships. Just guessing since you didn't know about detach that you probably could use attach as well. Attach can take a single ID or an array of IDs (plus some more advanced options)
$contact->tags()->attach($id);
$contact->tags()->attach([$id1, $id2, ...]);


text:
FWD launches "FWD Elevating Success", a unit-linked insurance plan exclusively distributed by Vietcombank
10 March 2021 | Ho Chi Minh City
by FWD Vietnam
FWD Vietnam Life Insurance Company Ltd. ("FWD Insurance") is delighted to launch "FWD Elevating Success", a unit-linked insurance plan providing protection and wealth creation benefits in one single product. The product will be distributed exclusively at 600 branches of Vietcombank across Vietnam.
"FWD Elevating Success" provides coverage for death, total and permanent disability, and the flexibility to enhance protection against hospitalisation, surgeries, critical illnesses, accidents, etc. with various rider options. To help customers enhance the protection value over time, the sum assured will automatically increase by 15% every three years without the need for medical re-underwriting or changes to the target premium.
Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh, Deputy General Director of Vietcombank said: "Vietcombank's customers have been expressing their need for an insurance product that combines protection and investment in one place. "FWD Elevating Success" is a perfect solution to meet this demand. We are impressed by the speed at which FWD Insurance builds and launches their products, and together with positive early results recorded from our partnership, the launch of this new product will allow both companies to accelerate in the coming years."
Huynh Huu Khang, CEO of FWD Vietnam said: "FWD Elevating Success" is an easy-to-use product, developed to meet the changing needs of today's digital lifestyle and brings our vision to life as we strive to change the way people feel about insurance. It offers great benefits for Vietcombank customers where both protection and investment are offered under one single product. Digital technology is a strength of both Vietcombank and FWD Insurance and this collaboration showcases our innovation and customer led approach at its best."
"FWD Elevating Success" helps customers to grow their wealth through the simple and easy-to-understand performance from three options of FWD unit-linked funds (Conservative, Progressive and Aggressive) that range from low risk to high risk. Customers can flexibly design investment plans to matchtheir risk appetite.
FWD Insurance is a leading insurer in providing investment portfolios related to stocks from three industries: real estate, finance and banking, and FMCG, with strong and solid growth. This advantage helps customers easily manage and adjust plans to optimise investment opportunities.
"FWD Elevating Success" also offers flexibility and convenience where customers can invest more, convert funds, change allocation rates, or withdraw money anytime. Customers can also easily track their investments or update fund performance online.
The product also provides other special benefits such as periodic and special policy persistency bonuses to ensure the account value grows during the policy period.
About Vietcombank
Established in 1963, Vietcombank is currently the leading commercial bank in Vietnam with total assets of 50 billion USD and highest market capitalization among credit institutions listed on Vietnam's stock market.
Vietcombank currently has over 18,000 employees with a nationwide operation network throughout Vietnam including the Head Office in Hanoi and over 550 branches and transaction offices across the country.
As a multifunctional bank with strengths in both wholesale, retail and investment services and pioneering in applying the best international standards, Vietcombank is always ready to provide its customers with modern and best financial and banking services.
Vietcombankss strategic goal to 2025 and vision to 2030 is to firmly consolidate the No. 1 position in Vietnam, ranked among the 100 largest banks in Asia, one of the 300 largest banking and financial groups in the world, one of the 1,000 largest listed companies globally, positively contributing to the growth of Vietnam. .
For more information please visit webiste www.vietcombank.com.vn
About FWD Vietnam
FWD Vietnam was established in 2016 and is a member of FWD Group, a leading Asian-pan life insurer. With the priority strategy on digital development, FWD Vietnam is a differentiated insurance company, with a solid foundation based on its strengths: breakthrough products; high-quality distribution channels; digitised business processes and differentiated branding strategies.
FWD Vietnam is consistently recognised as one of the fastest-growing life insurance companies in the market..
For more information please visit www.fwd.com.vn
Mr. Nguyen Huu Kien
Deputy Director, Public Relations Department
Tel: (024) 3934 3137 (Ext.:1966)
Email: nhkien.ho@vietcombank.com.vn
FWD Vietnam
Mr. Nguyen Ngoc Thuy
Email: ngocthuy.nguyen@fwd.com
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Call 1800 969690
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© Copyright 2021 FWD Vietnam. All rights reserved.


text:
package org.hisp.dhis.resourcetable.table;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

import org.hisp.dhis.calendar.Calendar;
import org.hisp.dhis.common.IdentifiableObjectUtils;
import org.hisp.dhis.period.Period;
import org.hisp.dhis.period.PeriodType;
import org.hisp.dhis.resourcetable.ResourceTable;

/**
 * @author Lars Helge Overland
 */
public class PeriodResourceTable
    extends ResourceTable<Period>
{
    public PeriodResourceTable( List<Period> objects, String columnQuote )
    {
        super( objects, columnQuote );
    }

    @Override
    public String getTableName()
    {
        return "_periodstructure";
    }

    @Override
    public String getCreateTempTableStatement()
    {
        String sql =
            "CREATE TABLE " + getTempTableName() +
            " (periodid INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, iso VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, daysno INTEGER NOT NULL";

        for ( PeriodType periodType : PeriodType.PERIOD_TYPES )
        {
            sql += ", " + columnQuote + periodType.getName().toLowerCase() + columnQuote + " VARCHAR(15)";
        }

        sql += ")";

        return sql;
    }

    @Override
    public Optional<String> getPopulateTempTableStatement()
    {
        return Optional.empty();
    }

    @Override
    public Optional<List<Object[]>> getPopulateTempTableContent()
    {
        Calendar calendar = PeriodType.getCalendar();

        List<Object[]> batchArgs = new ArrayList<>();

        for ( Period period : objects )
        {
            if ( period != null && period.isValid() )
            {
                final Date startDate = period.getStartDate();
                final PeriodType rowType = period.getPeriodType();

                List<Object> values = new ArrayList<>();

                values.add( period.getId() );
                values.add( period.getIsoDate() );
                values.add( period.getDaysInPeriod() );

                for ( PeriodType periodType : PeriodType.PERIOD_TYPES )
                {
                    if ( rowType.getFrequencyOrder() <= periodType.getFrequencyOrder() )
                    {
                        values.add( IdentifiableObjectUtils.getLocalPeriodIdentifier( startDate, periodType, calendar ) );
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        values.add( null );
                    }
                }

                batchArgs.add( values.toArray() );
            }
        }

        return Optional.of( batchArgs );
    }

    @Override
    public Optional<String> getCreateIndexStatement()
    {
        String name = "in_periodstructure_iso_" + getRandomSuffix();

        String sql = "create unique index " + name + " on " + getTempTableName() + "(iso)";

        return Optional.of( sql );
    }
}


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text:
By: David Beckham, Tom Watt
₹200 ₹500 (60% OFF)
Book Condition: New like
Type of Cover: Hardbound
Giver: CRL (Location: Indore, Madhya pradesh)
With endless newspaper column inches devoted to one of the most talked about men in the world, it seems that we know everything there is to know about David Beckham. Or do we? This is Beckham's life story in his own words. and looks at how he handles the pressure of playing alongside some of the most volatile footballers of his generation, from the likes of Cantona, Schmeichel and Keane. It tells the England story, from being vilified by the nation before returning as the prodigal son and almost single-handedly guiding his country as captain to the 2002 World Cup Finals. famous footballer, the international model and fashion leader. He describes how he first met and then married ex-Spice girl Victoria Adams and the upbringing of their two children Brooklyn and Romeo. He goes on to discuss how his family's every step is monitored by a posse of newshounds and paparazzi. He also tells of the influence of his parents, growing up as a shy youngster in the family home and how their subsequent split affected him. The book was written with the assistance of Tom Watt. Read More
More Books From CRL
Vedanta Va Jeevan Prabandhan
Vikrant Singh Tomar
Hindi | paperback
God and Hillary Clinton
Paul Kengor
Harry Potter and the Cursed Child: Parts 1 and 2:...
J. K. Rowling, Jack Thorne, John Tiffany
Clips from a Life
Denis Norden
Pamela Stephenson
Billionaire Boy
The Wronged
Kimberley Chambers
Desert God
The Bone Tree
Managerial Economics (Third Edition)
William F. Samuelson, Stephen G. Marks


How does MTN see women?
By now, the answer to this question is fairly obvious. But let's ask anyway, just in case MTN has some deep philosophical and logical explanations. Does the company see women only as objects with many (programmable) functions? The reason for this question is the MTN 'Mother In Love' TV commercial. The one in which a young wife is frantically trying to make food for her visiting mother-in-law.
Even though the title of this TVC is 'Mother In Love', it's not love that drives the young wife who is beside herself with worry as she tries with no success to cook until she makes a video call to her mother who guides her. All this time, her husband is nowhere to be found. Mind you, this is a very young couple, where if the man was to help out in a way, would not be unrealistic.
This advert is wrong on so many levels. First off, it looks like MTN has learnt nothing from its 'Mama Na Boy' fiasco. Not that I think 'Mama Na Boy' was consciously belittling female babies. Still, the difference between 'Mother In Love' and 'Mama Na Boy' is not so obvious.
In any case, why are we producing an advert in 2017 that reduces a young woman to her inability to cook to her mother-in-law's specification? Even if the reality in life is different, why produce an advert at this point in time to reinforce the mother-in-law/daughter-in-law enmity?
Too many stars on Murder on the Orient Express?
Starring: Judi Dench, Johhny Depp, Michelle Pfeiffer, Kenneth Branagh, Leslie Odom, and Penelope Cruz.
The expectations for this film have been very high. Week after week, viewers were teased with its trailer. Murder on the Orient Express was the movie to watch out for. It was top of my list of movies to watch out for. If nothing, this was a chance to see Johnny Depp outside of all that pirates get up to. And it promised to be a good whodunit movie and one can only imagine that Agatha Christie fans must have been overjoyed. This much-awaited film finally opened this month, about two weekends ago.
I'm sure by now you just want to know whether Murder on the Orient Express lives up to the hype? But first what's the film about? I can't imagine anyone who has followed the hype all these months would not have seen this movie by now.
But for the sake of those who haven't, Murder on the Orient Express, based on a book of the same title by Agatha Christie, is actually straightforward only to the extent that it's the story of the world-famous detective, Hercule Poirot (Kenneth Branagh), who must solve the murder on the Orient Express.
Set in the 1930s, a jam-packed train travelling is in the thick of winter to Istanbul, full of people not unaccustomed to luxury, the Orient Express itself being the contraption of luxury. However, by morning, Samuel Ratchett, (Johnny Depp) an unscrupulous, by his own admission, is found murdered. And there are almost as many leads as there are passengers. Poirot sees it as a personal exercise and some would say ego tripping to solve the case. And he has the time to do it seeing as the train.
Although I enjoyed watching Murder on the Orient Express, there still remains the feeling that something is missing. There appears to be certain containment, almost as if the actors are being enclosed in that train sort of creatively constrains them. Obviously, maintaining the pace of the book is a factor.
When the news first broke, that Sadiq Daba had some form of cancer; it never crossed my mind to write. I wasn't unfeeling. It was because my emotions were all over the place. I was angry: How many people must die before we are energised to fix our health sector? I was sad: Just sad. And I was afraid because this can happen to anyone. How many fundraisers must we do?
However, in the end, we must all try to pitch in. Please, if you can, donate: Abubakar Sadiq Daba, UBA 1005382276.


text:
Home » Teabekeskus » Notarial Acts Concerning the Law of Succession
BEQUEST AND SUCCESSION
At least once in a lifetime everyone has something to do with succession – either wishing to make a will or having become an heir.
Usually, people turn to a notary in order to leave someone an apartment, a registered immovable, a vehicle etc. However, if such a wish is written in the will, it is not clear, what the testator actually wanted, for the will can be interpreted in different ways: did the testator wish to nominate a successor and list the essential part of the property in the will, or have someone nominated as successor and leave another person only one specific item, or else the testator wanted to make the persons listed in the will (i.e., if there are several persons) successors, and have them divide the estate in a manner set out in the will.
If you wish to make a will or have other questions concerning succession, it is best to turn to a notary. You can pick any notary to make a will and sort out matters related to inheritance. The contact data of Estonian notaries are listed on the homepage of the Chamber of Notaries: Notarid.
TERMS RELATED TO SUCCESSION
Bequeather
A bequeather is a person whose property transfers upon his or her death to another person.
A bequeather is also a person who makes a disposition of his or her estate in the event of his or her death and in the Estonian Law of Succession Act the term used in this case is "the testator".
Opening of succession
A succession opens upon the death of a person, and the time of opening of a succession is the date of death of the bequeather. The place of opening of a succession is the last residence of the bequeather.
This means that succession has (automatically) opened as of the date of death and the property (estate) that belonged to the bequeather transfers to the successor as of the same date, and the successor is identified in the course of the succession proceedings conducted by a notary.
Thus, the estate transfers to the successor retroactively, as of the date of death of the bequeather.
An estate is the property of a bequeather, i.e., all his or her things, as well as the rights and obligations that are not inseparably bound to the person of the bequeather.
In addition to registered immovable property, vehicles, money in the bank, personal objects etc., belonging to the bequeather, the estate also includes unpaid loans, debts to an apartment association, instalment payments due and unpaid, as well as other obligations.
The estate does not include rights and obligations that are inseparably bound to the person of the bequeather, e.g., pecuniary punishments and fines connected with assets, membership in a non-profit association, income tax benefits, employment contract in the event the deceased was working, authorship of works etc.
If the law provides that a right or obligation ends with the death of a person, it is inseparably bound to the person.
In case a bequeather was married and the spouses used a joint property regime, then upon the death of one spouse the share of this spouse in the joint property becomes part of his or her estate irrespective of which spouse acquired the property or in whose name it was registered (more information about the proprietary relations of spouses can be found here: https://www.notar.ee/et/teabekeskus/perekond). Thus, the estate could also include a part of the money in the bank account of the spouse of the bequeather (surviving spouse), as well as part of the vehicle or immovable registered in the name of the surviving spouse etc. Also, property registered in the name of the bequeather need not necessarily be fully part of the estate if it was held by the spouses as joint property.
A successor is the person to whom all the property of the bequeather transfers. According to Estonian legislation it is not possible to directly leave individual objects to a person. In case there are several successors, the whole estate (all objects, rights, obligations included in the estate) becomes their joint ownership (community of estate) and the successors have the right to divide the estate.
A testate successor is a person to whom a testator bequeaths by a will all his or her property or a legal share (fraction) thereof. There is no need to list the property in a will. Such a list of property in the will may even cause misunderstanding, should the composition of property change over time. The successor gets what belongs to the bequeather on the day of his or her death, wherever the property is located.
If the bequeather has not specified a successor in a will, intestate successors, i.e., the bequeather's spouse and relatives inherit the estate. The spouse is a successor irrespective of the proprietary relations between the spouses.
Relatives succeed in three orders, as follows: if there is at least one first order successor, the second order successors do not succeed; if there are no first order successors, the second order successors succeed, and the third order successors succeed only if there are no second order successors. The spouse succeeds together with the first order and second order successors. The spouse is the sole successor if there are no relatives of first or second order.
First order successors are the descendants of a bequeather – first and foremost his or her children. If the child is deceased or has renounced succession and the child has children of his or her own, these children inherit the part to which the parent who is deceased or who has renounced succession would have had the right.
Example: The bequeather had two children – a daughter and a son, but the son had died before the bequeather. Both children have two children of their own. Had both children of the bequeather been alive, they would have succeeded in equal shares – ½ and ½. But as the son had died before the bequeather, his children succeed in equal shares to his share – ½, i.e., each shall have - ¼ and ¼.
Second order successors are the parents of the bequeather and their descendants. If both parents of the bequeather are alive, they succeed to the entire estate in equal shares – ½ and ½. If one or both parents of the bequeather is/are deceased or has/have renounced succession, and the parent has other children in addition to the bequeather, the share of the parent who is deceased or has renounced succession goes to his or her other children (the siblings of the bequeather) according to the provisions concerning first order successors.
Third order successors are the grandparents of the bequeather and their descendants. If all the grandparents are alive, they succeed to the entire estate in equal shares – ¼, ¼, ¼, ¼. If a paternal or maternal grandparent is deceased or has renounced succession, and he or she has more children than the parent of the bequeather, the children and grandchildren of the deceased grandparent succeed to his or her share according to the provisions concerning first order successors. If both paternal or maternal grandparents are deceased and they have no descendants, the grandparents on the other side, or their descendants succeed.
If the bequeather was not married, had not a single relative with the right to succeed, then the intestate successor is the rural municipality or city where the bequeather last resided.
If a testator does not give all his or her property or a legal share thereof to a person but gives a particular proprietary benefit without regarding the recipient of the benefit as his or her legal successor, the benefit shall be deemed to be a legacy and the recipient of the benefit shall be deemed to be a legatee. This means that the testator wishes to give a person just a specific object, not all of his or her property.
Example: The will states: "I shall leave the apartment to my son and the registered immovable to my daughter's son.". At the time of making the will the testator also had other property. The testator/bequeather has two children – a daughter and a son.
Given that in the will the son and the daughter's son were not left all the testator's property or a legal share thereof, but only the apartment and registered immovable, then generally such a will is deemed to give a legacy. In this case the successors are the intestate successors, i.e., the son and the daughter.
NB! There is a difference between a successor and a legatee: all the property of the bequeather transfers to the successor/successors, including the objects that have been given as legacy to someone else; the legatee does not automatically become owner of the object left to him or her, the successor must hand it over.
In order for the wishes of the testator to be unambiguously clear, i.e., whether he or she wants to appoint a successor or just give a legacy, the will must expressly state this. If the testator wishes to appoint a successor, the will should be formulated as follows: "I appoint as my successor(s)...". But if the testator wishes for the person identified in the will to receive only an object and not all of his or her property, the will should be worded so that the wish is unequivocally understandable, for it is not possible to leave individual items so that the person to whom they are left, becomes automatically their owner.
If a will is drawn up by a notary, the bequeather should clearly describe his or her wishes to the notary.
A will is a unilateral transaction whereby a bequeather (hereinafter testator) makes a disposition of his or her estate in the event of his or her death. A testator may revoke a will at any time by a later will or succession contract. A testator shall make a will himself or herself and with no consent required from anyone.
NB! Difference between a gift and a will:
- In case of giving a gift, the donee becomes owner of the gift immediately and the donor has no longer any say about the gift, he or she cannot prohibit its sale, use thereof as a pledge etc. Neither is it possible to demand the return of the gift without good reason.
- In case of a will, the testator can freely change it during his or her lifetime, he or she remains the owner of his or her property until death, and can freely possess, use, and dispose of it (without the consent of the successor). The estate transfers to the successor in the form which exists on the date of death of the testator.
There are two kinds of wills:
1) A notarial will is a notarially authenticated will or a will deposited with a notary.
2) A domestic will.
It is not possible to make a digitally signed will, an oral will or a video will in Estonia.
Therefore, if a testator has spoken to his or her family about who he or she would like to appoint as successor, he or she should set the intention out in a will, either at a notary or in the form of a domestic will, for without a will his or her wishes cannot be granted.
Notarial will
The term of validity of a will made with a notary (notarially authenticated will) is not limited and it remains in force until it is changed or revoked.
A notarial will can be changed or revoked by a new will or succession contract. Once a will has been revoked, the wills preceding the revoked will shall not enter into force as a rule. A notarial will can also be revoked by a domestic will, but if the domestic will becomes invalid (after six months of making the domestic will), the notarial will is valid once again.
A notary enters the data concerning the will in the succession register and appends a copy of the will to the register entry. More information about the succession register can be found here: Pärimisregister.
Information entered in the succession register can be accessed via the self-service portal of the Chamber of Notaries: Pärimisregistri teenused.
Reciprocal will of spouses
A reciprocal will of spouses is a will made jointly by the spouses in which they reciprocally nominate one another as his or her successor or make other dispositions of the estate in the event of his or her death.
Such will can only be made with a notary by spouses who have registered their marriage.
Unlike an ordinary will, it is more difficult to unilaterally revoke a reciprocal will of spouses. In order for a spouse to revoke his or her disposition, a notice must be forwarded via a notary to the other spouse. The will is deemed to be revoked when the other spouse receives the notice.
A reciprocal will of spouses becomes invalid if the marriage is divorced, the spouse has filed a claim for divorce or agreed to divorce.
Domestic will
There are two kinds of domestic wills:
1) A holographic will - the testator must write the will from beginning to end in his or her own handwriting, indicating the date and year of making the will. NB! This will may not be typed in a computer and no other person can write down the will on behalf of the testator.
2) Will signed in presence of witnesses – another person may prepare the text of the will, but the testator must sign the will in the presence of at least two witnesses with active legal capacity, who shall be present concurrently. The testator shall indicate in the will the date and year of making it.
A domestic will becomes invalid if six months have elapsed from the date of its making and the testator is alive at the time.
A testator may revoke a domestic will by a new domestic will, a notarial will, a succession contract or by destruction of the will.
The data of a domestic will can also be entered in the succession register via the state portal www.eesti.ee (EE). To do so, it is necessary to log in to the portal by using an ID-card or Mobile-ID.
If the testator is unable to enter the data himself or herself, he or she can ask someone else to help, but it is not possible to append the copy of the will to the entry. Upon becoming aware of the death of a testator, a person with whom the testator has deposited his or her will is required to submit the will promptly to a notary.
Succession contract
Unlike a will, which the testator makes individually, a succession contract is an agreement between a bequeather and another person whereby the bequeather nominates the other party as his or her successor or gives the party a legacy, or an agreement between a bequeather and his or her intestate successor whereby the latter renounces the succession.
The bequeather can change his or her will as he or she pleases and to do so the consent of the successor is not required. However, there are limitations when it comes to unilateral amending of or withdrawal from a succession contract.
A notary enters the data concerning the succession contract in the succession register and appends a copy of the contract to the register entry.
RENUNCIATION OF SUCCESSION, ACCEPTANCE OF SUCCESSION AND TRANSFER OF ESTATE TO SUCCESSOR
It should be noted that there was a change in the law as regards renunciation of succession and starting from 2008, it is the person entitled to succeed but DOES NOT WANT to inherit, who has to submit the relevant application to a notary. i.e., it is not possible to renounce succession passively. A person who knows that he or she is entitled to but does not want to succeed, is still deemed to have accepted the succession if he or she fails to renounce succession.
The term for renunciation of succession is limited to three months – the term shall commence from the moment the successor becomes aware or ought to become aware of the death of the bequeather and of his or her right of succession. In case the successor did not know earlier about his or her right to succeed, the term shall commence from the moment a notary has sent him or her the relevant notice.
A person who is entitled to and wishes to succeed does not have to submit an application to this effect. However, to identify the successors it is necessary to turn to a notary, who then shall conduct the succession proceedings.
The decision to accept or renounce succession cannot be turned back – once the successor has accepted succession, he or she can no longer renounce it, and once the successor has renounced succession, he or she can no longer accept it.
The decision cannot be reversed even in case the successor had renounced succession thinking that the bequeather had left him or her only debts, but found out later that actually there was a lot more left in assets than in debts. The same applies to the situation where the successor thought that the bequeather was rich, but it turned out that there were considerably more debts than property. In the latter case the successor can protect himself or herself by having an inventory made of the estate.
The estate – all the rights and obligations of the bequeather – transfers to the successors who have accepted succession and they have the obligation to perform all the obligations of the bequeather. If an estate is insufficient, a successor shall perform the obligations out of the successor's own property unless the successor has, after making an inventory, performed the obligations pursuant to the procedure provided by law, the estate has been declared bankrupt or the bankruptcy proceedings have been terminated by abatement without declaring bankruptcy.
Succession process, i.e., succession proceedings
1) Initiation of proceedings
It is necessary to turn to a notary for the identification of successors. The notary starts the proceedings upon request, not upon the notary's own initiative.
The application to initiate succession proceedings can be submitted by a presumed successor, a creditor of the bequeather, or any other person who has good reason to learn who the successor is (e.g., a co-owner of a registered immovable).
The law does not prescribe the term during which it is necessary to turn to a notary after the death of the bequeather. However, unless the proceedings are conducted, it is not clear whether the presumed successor is truly the successor and has become owner of the estate.
The person who has the right but does not want to succeed has to hurry. He or she has to submit to a notary an application renouncing succession within three months from the moment of becoming aware of the death of the bequeather and of his or her right of succession. If the succession proceedings have not commenced yet, the application renouncing succession can be filed together with the application for initiating the succession proceedings.
Succession proceedings are conducted by one notary. Thus, if there are several successors, they cannot each go to a different notary for the proceedings.
In case it is necessary for a successor to submit any other application in the course of the proceedings, but he or she cannot approach the notary dealing with the case, he or she can go to a different notary to have the required application authenticated and forwarded to the notary conducting the proceedings.
2) Conduct of proceedings
In the course of conducting the proceedings the notary makes inquiries to the registers and credit institutions the list of which is established by a regulation of the minister, in order to establish the composition of the estate.
If the successor knows or thinks that the bequeather has taken SMS loans, has bought things on an instalment plan etc., he or she may ask the notary to make inquiries to the relevant service providers. It is also possible to make inquiries to the register of enforcement proceedings, to make sure that no enforcement proceedings have been commenced with respect to the bequeather to recover his or her debts.
A notice about the initiation of succession proceedings is published at the following address: www.ametlikudteadaanded.ee (EE). Anyone wishing to check whether the succession proceedings concerning a person have already been initiated, can make an inquiry about it. To do so, it is necessary to enter the bequeather's name in the field for key words; there is no need to fill in the other data fields.
The notice contains information about the notary who is conducting the proceedings, the intended deadline for authentication of the succession certificate and other data.
In addition to publishing the notice, the notary makes an entry in the succession register about initiation of the proceedings. The data entered in the succession register are accessible via the state portal www.eesti.ee (EE). More information about the succession register can be found here: https://www.notar.ee/et/registrid/parimisregister.
The notary informs the successors who were not present about the initiation of the proceedings and explains their rights and obligations concerning succession.
Inventory of the estate
The estate transfers to a successor who has accepted succession. The estate may include various obligations that the successor has to perform. If the successor knows already before the initiation of proceedings that the bequeather had debts or learns about the debts in the course of the succession proceedings and it is not clear whether the estate would be sufficient to meet all the obligations, the successor may submit a claim for inventory to a notary. If the successor does not submit such a claim for inventory, any debts exceeding the estate must be paid by the successor out of his or her own property.
If the inventory has been conducted, the obligations related to the estate must be performed in the order prescribed by law.
In case the estate is clearly not sufficient for meeting the claims and the successor does not agree to satisfy the claims out of the successor's own property, he or she must immediately submit a petition for the declaration of bankruptcy of the estate to a court of law.
Irrespective of whether the estate includes debts or not, an inventory of the estate is obligatory, if a person with restricted active legal capacity (a minor, an adult with restricted active legal capacity), a local government or the state is a successor.
If the legal representative of a person with restricted active legal capacity (a parent of a child, a guardian provided by the court) does not request an inventory of an estate in the interest of the successor, the legal representative is personally liable for the debts of the bequeather which cannot be sufficiently satisfied from the estate.
For example, if a parent of an underaged successor thinks that the bequeather had no debts and therefore fails to submit a claim for inventory, but later it turns out that the bequeather did have debts and the value of the estate is insufficient for covering all the debts, the remainder has to be paid by the parent out of his or her property.
Conclusion of succession proceedings
The proceedings are concluded with the identification of the successors and the notary authenticating the succession certificate to this effect. The successors can prove their right to succeed with the succession certificate.
The following shall be noted in the succession certificate: the data concerning the bequeather (name, ID-code, and date of death), the successors (name, ID-code, and address), and the share belonging to each successor (1/2, ¼, 5/16 etc.). The size of the shares noted in the succession certificate does not mean that the successors own the same proportion of each object of the estate. The estate is jointly owned by the successors, and thus they can only dispose of the estate jointly until the division of the estate.
For example, if the estate includes a registered immovable that the successors have decided to sell, they have to conclude the sales agreement all together.
Community of the estate
A new term – community of the estate – was introduced in the Law of Succession Act, which entered into force in 2009. In essence, the term means that if several successors have accepted the succession (co-successors), the estate is owned jointly by them as the community of the estate. None of the co-successors is entitled to a share of specific items and rights forming the estate, instead, each of them is entitled to a share of the entirety of rights and obligations forming the estate.
The successors can perform transactions with the estate only jointly.
A co-successor may independently dispose of (sell, donate, pledge etc.) only the legal share in the community of the estate belonging to the co-successor, i.e., only his or share in all the property making up the community of the estate.
A transaction by which a co-successor undertakes to acquire or dispose of a share of the community of the estate or by which a co-successor disposes of the share of the community of the estate belonging to him or her shall be notarially authenticated.
Disposal of a share in the community of the estate
If several successors have accepted the succession, the estate is owned jointly by them.
Each co-successor can dispose of (sell, donate) the share in the community of the estate belonging to him or her to another co-successor or a third party. Figuratively speaking, this transaction results in dividing the succession right into two parts:
The successor maintains the title of successor but has no right to the share in the estate.
The person who acquired the share in the community of the estate participates together with the other successors in the division of the estate.
The contract for the disposal of a share in the community of the estate can only be concluded at a notary. The notary makes an entry in the succession register about the disposal of the share in the community of the estate. More information can be found here: Pärimisregister.
How to end the community of the estate?
In case the successors wish to end the community of the estate and divide the property constituting the estate between them, they have to conclude a contract for the division of the estate.
Division of the estate may be demanded by any co-successor on the condition that all successors are known. Upon division of the estate, it shall be determined which things or shares of things and which rights and obligations forming part of the estate transfer to each co-successor. If the estate includes a registered immovable, membership in a building association or a share of a private limited company, the contract for the division of the estate has to be authenticated by a notary.
Division of the estate
Once the proceedings are completed and the successors are known, they can divide the estate and distribute the things between themselves.
The presumption is that the estate should be divided between the successors in accordance with their share in the estate, but a different agreement is not forbidden either. If the property received by each successor does not correspond to his or her share in the estate, then presumably, the successor who received a thing of higher value ought to compensate the others the part that exceeds his or her share in the estate.
For example, the estate includes a registered immovable worth 100,000 euros, an apartment worth 40,000 euros, a vehicle worth 1,000 euros and 400 euros in bank. The four children of the bequeather are the successors, each with the share of ¼ of the estate. The children have decided to divide the estate so that each gets one thing. The total value of the things making up the estate is 141,400 euros, which means that each of them should get property worth 35,350 euros (141,400x1/4). If the successors divide the things so that each gets one, then the two children who get the immovable and the apartment should pay compensation to the other two, who get the car and money in the bank. However, the successors can agree about compensation and the procedure of compensating that differ from what is provided by law.
SUCCESSION REGISTER
The succession register is an electronic register which contains information concerning succession proceedings, succession certificates, disposal of a share of the community of the estate, wills, succession contracts and estate management measures.
Everyone can access the information in the succession register concerning wills and succession proceedings connected with the person himself or herself; information concerning other persons can be accessed after their death. Information about (other) persons still living cannot be accessed in the succession register.
The data entered in the succession register are accessible free of charge via the state portal www.eesti.ee (EE). Access can be gained by using the ID-card or mobile-ID (choose the role of 'citizen', also when the enquiry is made by an official).
In order to make an enquiry about a bequeather (who is deceased) in the succession register take the following steps in the state portal: Home page →Legal aid →Succession and bequest →Succession →Services →Find a bequeather.
It is necessary to know the full name and ID-code of the bequeather in order to make the enquiry.
Information entered in the succession register can also be accessed via the self-service portal of the Chamber of Notaries: Pärimisregistri teenused.
The following information can be found in the succession register about the bequeather:
• Has he or she made a will;
• Have the succession proceedings been initiated;
• Have the succession proceedings been completed and who are the successors;
• Have the successors surrendered shares in the community of the estate;
• Have estate management measures been applied.
Only such data are displayed that have been entered by the time that the enquiry is made.
If an enquiry is made about a deceased person and there is no response, then probably no application has been made yet to initiate the succession proceedings.
The data about successors can be found in the register in case the succession certificate was authenticated after 2009, for pursuant to the previous Law of Succession Act it was not required to submit the information about successors. In succession cases completed earlier information about successors can be obtained from the notary who conducted the proceedings.
A FREQUENT QUESTION –DONATE OR BEQUEATH?
Notaries are often asked what is better – to make a gift or bequest. Usually this happens when people are considering whether to donate their real estate to their relatives or leave it to them in a will.
There is no good answer to this question, for a gratuitous contract leads to completely different legal consequences in comparison with a will. It is rather the legal consequences that should be kept in mind when making a decision, for the potential costs related to one or the other may not be that different.
The Law of Obligations Act regulates the conclusion of a gratuitous contract, the Law of Succession Act – bequest.
The gratuitous contract is accompanied by a real right contract, under which ownership to the object belonging to the donor transfers to the donee. For example, if a parent makes a gift of his or her apartment ownership to his or her adult child, the child becomes the owner of the apartment after the relevant entry has been made in the land register. Now the child has the right to freely dispose of the apartment ownership, i.e., sell, pledge, or donate it to a third party. It should also be taken into account that although under the Law of Obligations Act it is possible to withdraw from the gratuitous contract in certain cases, this does not mean that the ownership of the donated apartment would automatically be returned to the donor.
If the donor wishes to continue using the apartment after concluding the gratuitous contract, it would be wise to enter into a contract for personal right of use. The provisions regulating personal right of use come from the Law of Property Act. A relevant entry is made about the right in the land register and on this basis, it is possible to require that any subsequent owner allow continued use of the apartment by the donor.
In the case of a will the person remains the owner of the property until death and if necessary, can conduct transactions with the property, revoke or change the will.
Making a notarially authenticated will costs 32.55 euros and a reciprocal will of spouses 41.50 euros (plus VAT). The successors shall incur additional costs only when succession proceedings are conducted.
In the case of a gratuitous contract the notary fee depends on the value of the property given as a gift. For example, the fee for authenticating the gratuitous contract for making a gift of an apartment worth 60,000 euros is 196.20 euros, plus VAT. In addition, the state fee has to be paid for amending the entry in the land register.
Loe ja vaata lisaks
Artiklid ja infomaterjalid:
Notari esimene ülesanne on välja selgitada pärijad (Viljandi notar Kersti Kulla artikel Äripäevas)
Kas loobuda pärandist või valida pärandvara pankroti tee? (Viljandi notar Kersti Kulla artikkel Äripäevas)
Kuidas pärida ja pärandada? (Tallinna notar Kristel Jänese artikkel Postimehes)
Eakale tähtis valik – kas testament või volikiri (Tallinna notar Priidu Pärna artikkel Postimehes)
Seadused:
Pärimisseadus
Pärimisseaduses tulenevate notari ametitoimingute tegemise kord
Pärimisregistri pidamise, pärimisregistrisse kannete tegemise ja pärimisregistrist teabe väljastamise kord


EPA lets state do its own monitoring of water discharges, but critics worry it will lead to lax oversight.
Texas has never been a state preoccupied with conformity. The right to secede remains a cherished tenant of the Texas constitution even today. But many environmentalists say a new deal with the US Environmental Protection Agency that gives the Lone Star State the right to oversee the health of its own waterways goes a step too far.
Texas is not the first state to get this authority. But its agreement with the EPA has a number of special exceptions and legal loopholes, say some observers, that could echo across the United States.
By allowing looser environmental rules in Texas, they say, the deal not only endangers state waterways, but also could sully lakes and rivers nationwide as other states lower their water-quality standards to compete for new businesses.
"This is a very important precedent," says Ken Kramer, executive director of the Sierra Club's Lone Star Chapter. "This could lead other states to renegotiate their current [water-quality standards] with the EPA, and may have implications for the delegation of other types of environmental programs as well."
To Texas officials, however, the pact is just reward after 19 often-bitter years of struggle with the EPA.
Now that Texas has complied with EPA standards and hammered out a deal with the agency, it will receive almost full oversight of the estimated 6,300 factory, feedlot, and waste-water dischargers on the state's rivers and streams. The change will be phased in during the next two years. This means that state industries will no longer have to go through the tedious process of securing water permits from both state and federal agencies.
The EPA maintains that no special exceptions were made under the Texas deal.
"Each state has a little different rules, but there are certain minimums they must meet, and Texas demonstrated that it meets the standard," EPA spokeswoman Cheryl Hochstetler says.
If the state meets the standard, she adds, the EPA must delegate the oversight of water quality.
But 11 state and national environmental groups, including the Sierra Club and the National Wildlife Federation, have voiced dismay at what they perceive as special treatment.
For example, they note that Texas is required to inspect only 80 percent of the 575 largest discharge facilities in the state. The EPA requires the other 42 states with this oversight authority to inspect all the large facilities in their borders.
Perhaps the greatest concern, though, is a pro-business, red-tape-slicing measure enacted by the Texas Legislature last year. The provision, called "regulatory flexibility," lets state agencies waive almost all the regulations of the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) on a case-by-case basis.
For example, an environmental agency could allow a sewage-treatment plant to legally operate at levels in excess of clean-water guidelines - possibly in return for the plant's agreeing to provide some other benefit, such as an enhanced water-testing program or a community center. Or it may ask for nothing in return.
During negotiations with the EPA, the TNRCC promised to pass a rule that would make it illegal under state law to use regulatory flexibility. But days before the pact was signed, the TNRCC reneged.
"They've basically said, 'Trust us not to use regulatory flexibility,' " says Rick Lowerre, a lawyer who represents the environmental groups.
"But the first thing they've done is broken their promise to make it illegal. So trust is not running real high right now."
Under the agreement, any use of the flexibility power by Texas to ease water rules is grounds for a return to federal oversight. But in practical terms, abuses of regulatory flexibility would have to be egregious in order for the EPA to return, says Mr. Lowerre.
He adds it is likely that at least one of the groups will sue to get the EPA delegation overturned. But the cost of victory - transferring water oversight in the state for the second time in two years - could be prohibitive.
"We would be taking it out of the hands of a state agency that's just getting settled in the job and giving it back to a federal agency that will likely have reassigned all its people or let them go," Lowerre says. "So we have to decide, how much chaos is this worth?"