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These phones and tablets are just like new. With little or no signs of use, they have been fully tested to reach our high standards.
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They face one count of conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud and honest services mail and wire fraud, and one count of conspiracy to commit money laundering.
Loughlin and her husband, fashion designer Mossimo Giannulli, who live in Los Angeles, are accused of fraud conspiracy and money laundering conspiracy in an alleged bribery scam that prosecutors say was meant to secure admission for their two daughters to the University of Southern California.
Reps for Loughlin and Giannulli have not returned PEOPLE's calls for comment.
Loughlin became known for her role as Aunt Becky in the television sitcom "Full House". Each of the two charges are punishable by up to 20 years in prison.
The past few months have been hard for Loughlin, as she has been fired from her Hallmark show, When Calls the Heart, as well as the Netflix show Fuller House. Other prominent parents were indicted on similar charges.
While the maximum simply isn't going to happen, Law&Crime Network host, criminal defense attorney, and former New Jersey prosecutor Bob Bianchi told Law&Crime that the couple is still in serious legal peril and are taking a big risk by neglecting to take full responsibility. "We want a fair trial".
The Colburns are accused of paying almost $25,000 to the Key Worldwide Foundation through stock and a check to help facilitate someone else taking the SAT for their son.


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Obamacare – At What Cost?
It seems as if the Obama administration is willing to do just about anything to get their health reform bill through Congress. The entire legislative process seems to be quickly degrading into a startling number of out-of-control bribes and closed-door negotiations.
Most notably in the last few weeks: the "Louisiana Purchase" to win the support of Sen Landrieu, the "Cornhusker Kickback" to secure Sen. Nelson's vote, and now the sweetheart deal with big labor, to reel in the union vote.
The deal will exempt union employees from paying a Cadillac tax (a 40% excise tax, applying to plans valued at $8,900 for individuals/ $24,000 for families) on their health insurance plans until 2018. And in yet another concession, vision and dental plans for union employees would be exempt even after 2018.
The Cadillac tax, as written in the Senate bill, was estimated to raise $149 billion by 2019, thereby containing the continually rising costs associated with reform legislation and forcing those with higher-cost plans to bear a greater share of the financial burden. The union deal is expected to reduce that number by $60 billion, resulting in a substantial deficit – inevitably to be filled with higher taxes for all (or those unlucky enough to have missed out on their piece of the pie).
What a surprise… The long awaited and visionary government health reform is turning out to be a lot of special interest pandering – lowering costs for those who need it the least, and raising costs for everyone else.


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4 Wacky Things to Do in Finland
Oddities Jun 19, 2017
You may have heard of a little company called Nokia, which of course is the world's leading manufacturer of mobile phones — but did you know that Finland, where Nokia's based, holds a yearly cell phone throwing contest? How about a wife-carrying competition in which husbands lug their wives — piggyback and over the shoulder are popular — through an obstacle course (whoever succeeds in the fastest time generally wins his wife's weight in beer)?
Just last year a sex festival, swamp football, topless winter jogging, a sauna bathing contest and (our personal favorite) the Air Guitar World Championships were all among the wacky activities available to locals and tourists in this Nordic country.
In fact, Finland is so wacky that a special term — Finnwacky — has been coined to describe the country's out-of-the-ordinary goings-on. We're not sure what makes the people here so delightfully off the wall, but we do know that this "Finnwackiness" is part of what makes a visit to Helsinki, the country's capital city, so interesting and fun. You might even spot Santa shopping at Stockmann, an upscale department store — in the middle of July! After all, even jolly old St. Nick, who reportedly lives in the Lapland area of northern Finland, needs a day away from the toyshop.
So when you arrive in Helsinki, why not get a little Finnwacky yourself — whether you fancy spinning around upside down on a ride at Linnanmaki Amusement Park, lunching at an antique prison turned modern-day hotel or careening through the city to your own rendition of "My Way" in a Karaoke Taxi.
Toss that phone and hoist your wife (just don't mix those two up!) — and get ready for a wild day in wacky Helsinki.
1. Linnanmaki Amusement Park
Who said your European vacation had to be all about museums and monuments? Take the kids (or your own inner child) to Helsinki's Linnanmaki Amusement Park. Disney World it's not, but you can easily spend a full, fun day here with water slides, a roller coaster and an arcade all set on a hilltop on the outskirts of Helsinki (ride the Ferris wheel for a gorgeous view of the city below).
The wackiest one we tried was Kieputin, which suspends riders upside down over a fountain spewing water. Nothing says "Wee!" quite like the sound of euro coins falling from pockets and hitting the ground below. And if you can resist the traditional fair food that scents the air — like cheesy pizza and hot waffles topped with whipped cream and strawberries — you're made of stronger stuff than we are.
During the summer, Linnanmaki is a popular hangout for locals, but most everybody speaks English in addition to Finnish and Swedish. Linnanmaki is accessible via the 3T tram. Admission is free; wristbands vary in price depending on height and offer unlimited access to rides. All profits are donated to children's charity.
Top 25 Ways to Save in Europe
2. Hotel Katajanokka
The Hotel Katajonokka, which opened in Helsinki in 2007, is a destination in its own right — this boutique design hotel, part of the Best Western chain, was a prison dating back to 1837! After closing down in 2002 (the inmates were transferred to another facility), the jail underwent a 12-month renovation from lockdown to luxury. The exterior of the building, protected by the National Board of Antiquities, has been preserved — along with the central corridor and old prison wall.
Even if you don't stay in one of the hotel's quite unique rooms (two or three old prison cells united together and decked out in modern interiors), you can have lunch at Jailbird Bar & Restaurant, which strives to keep the spirit of the prison alive. Servers wear the familiar black-and-white stripe on their shirts, and menu items include some cleverly named specials such as "Not Guilty" (steak with garlic-cheddar sauce and garlic potatoes) and "Try Squeezing Through the Bars After This One" (lemony veal cutlet with fries).
The hotel is in the same area of town as the Uspenski Cathedral.
3. Karaoke Taxi
Japan may be the karaoke capital of the world, but Finland is catching up. In addition to numerous karaoke bars throughout Helsinki and karaoke machines popping up in restaurants and clubs, you might see (or hear) the Karaoke Taxi rolling through town. The Karaoke Taxi is basically a minibus that seats up to 12 people and is packed with all the karaoke essentials — TV screen, neon lights, preloaded tunes and microphones for amplifying your very best vocal stylings.
Most of the songs on tap are in Finnish, naturally — but a handful of English favorites from Elvis, Eminem and even Frank Sinatra have been showcased. Whether you sing in English or try your hand at Finnish is up to you (and perhaps whether you've had any cocktails before joining the party on wheels).
4. Nordic Walking
If you haven't been hitting the gym during your vacation, don't despair — the latest craze in Helsinki can help you shed some pounds while seeing the sights. Nordic walking is a form of exercise that involves walking with ski poles — essentially cross country skiing without the snow and slopes, using two poles specially designed with rubber tips for an urban setting. The activity evolved from the off-season rituals of competitive Nordic skiers, who practiced between winters by walking with their poles on dry land.
Nordic walkers seem a bit clumsy at first glance (picture quick, exaggerated movements), but the price of looking a bit silly is worth it: Nordic walking burns more calories than regular walking because the walker applies force with both arms. Each stride uses more of the body's core muscles — even abdominals. It is also easier on the joints and back, and can improve balance and stability, particularly when walking uphill.
Finnwacky "Lite"
Just in case a date with a drag queen or a spin around the block with walking sticks doesn't appeal, we've dug up a few options and add-ons for the slightly less adventurous to spice up their time in Helsinki!
If you're headed to Suomenlinna … Suomenlinna is an inhabited naval sea fortress built on six islands during the 18th and 19th centuries, reachable by boat from the Market Square. Take time to peruse the arts and crafts workshops and ceramics studio for souvenirs, visit the Toy Museum, or explore the Vesikko Submarine. And while you're there, stop in at Suomenlinna's on-site brewery for a local pint. Though the Finns are better known for the creation and consumption of hard liquor, like vodka or the Finnish-made grain alcohol Koskenkorva, we must admit the beer at the Suomenlinna Brewery Restaurant is not bad! On tap are Hopken Pils, Coyet Ale and a dark Helsinki Portteri.
If you're hell-bent on visiting museums … There are a few unconventional options in Helsinki. The Paivalehti Museum (newspaper museum) profiles the history of Finnish newspaper journalism. The School Museum, a branch of the City Museum located in two wooden houses from the 1830's and 40's, chronicles the history of Helsinki's elementary school system. At Kiasma, a contemporary art museum, exhibitions and collections change often — but are generally high-tech (kiosks that double as Internet stations) or performance-based (involving musical and/or theatrical components).
Planning a Trip to Europe in 10 Steps
–written by Melissa Paloti

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Richard Niles is an American composer, arranger, record producer, guitarist, broadcaster, and journalist.

Biography

Early years
Niles was born May 28, 1951, in Hollywood. He is the son of Tony Romano, a composer, singer, and guitarist who writes films, books, plays, and lectures in screenwriting. His father worked with Bing Crosby, Ray Heindorf, Bob Hope, Cole Porter, Pat Silver-Lasky, Frank Sinatra, and Joe Venuti. His parents divorced in 1959, and three years later the 8-year-old Niles moved with his mother to London. He grew up in the care of his mother and stepfather, Jesse Lasky Jr.,a poet, playwright and screenwriter. Niles toured Britain with his group Pure Wings (1969-1970) and then decided to study. According to Niles in an interview with HitQuarters, although his parents were critical about his choice to become a musician, they eventually supported his studies. In 1975 he received a degree in composition from the Berklee College of Music in Boston where he studied with Gary Burton, Michael Gibbs, Pat Metheny, and Herb Pomeroy. He received his Ph.D. from Brunel University in 2008.

Career
Returning to London in 1975, he signed to Essex Records as a writer, becoming staff arranger and producer of songwriter demos for Essex and EMI Music. This indirectly led to becoming musical director and arranger for Cat Stevens. On British television series for David Essex and Leo Sayer he arranged and conducted for Ronnie Spector, Twiggy, Kate Bush, and Denny Laine. In 1978 as staff arranger for Hansa Records he discovered Sarah Brightman and arranged both his and her first hit, "I Lost My Heart to a Starship Trooper". He has composed, arranged and produced music for Anita Baker, Cilla Black, James Brown, Ray Charles, Cher, Petula Clark, Randy Crawford, Gloria Gaynor, Lulu, Paul McCartney, Pet Shop Boys, Tears For Fears,  Tina Turner, and Deniece Williams. He arranged the Grace Jones album Slave to the Rhythm. Niles also scored and conducted strings on Depeche Mode songs "Home", "Only When I Lose Myself" and "Surrender" and for Berlin's "Sex Me Talk Me". He wrote arrangements for Pet Shop Boys, Swing Out Sister, Living in a Box, Frankie Goes to Hollywood, ABC, and Was (Not Was). He has worked with Cliff Richard, Barry Manilow, Ray Charles, Stephen Gately, Ronan Keating, and contributed to hits for Wet Wet Wet, Damage, O-Town, OTT, Take That, Boyzone, and Westlife, including their duet "Against All Odds" with Mariah Carey.

He appeared as the leader of the house band, Bandzilla, in Ruby Wax's Channel 4 television series Don't Miss Wax. Bandzilla released an album of big band instrumentals. Bandzilla was the house band for the Michael Ball television series (1994) with Niles as musical director. Niles wrote and arranged for both Joe Cocker and James Brown on this series. As leader of Bandzilla, he released Blue Movies featuring Guy Barker and John Thirkell (Lifetime Records, 1990) and Bandzilla Rises!!!  (Bandzilla Records, 2016) co-produced by John Thirkell and featuring Randy Brecker, Leo Sayer, Clarice Assad, Lamont Dozier Jr. and Nigel Hitchcock.

Niles wrote, arranged, and produced music for Pat Metheny, Bob Mintzer, John Patitucci, Jane Monheit and Bob James. Other jazz-oriented work produced by Niles include albums by Morrissey–Mullen and Jim Mullen. Niles released the albums Santa Rita (Sanctuary) and Club Deranged (Nucool).

Niles discovered British R&B singer Clive Griffin producing and co-writing the album Clive Griffin in 1987 followed by TV appearances and gigs supporting Chaka Khan.

In 1999, Niles discovered the Norwegian singer/songwriter Silje Nergaard, producing and co-writing three albums, Tell Me Where You're Going (EMI/Lifetime Records 1990), Cow On The Highway (Toshiba/EMI 1991) and Silje (Toshiba/EMI 1992). Their song "Tell Me Where You're Going" (b/w a duet of the same song with Pat Metheny) was Number 1 in Japan on the J-Wave charts.

In 2012, Niles moved to Southern California where he opened his studio and production/publishing company Niles Smiles Music.

Niles arranged two albums for the British singer Paul Carrack; Rain Or Shine (2013) and Soul Shadows (2015).

In 2015, Niles became a member/arranger of The Wrecking Crew All Stars led by Don Peake, performing twice at Catalina's Jazz Club in Hollywood.

Niles has also worked for the advertising industry, composing and producing music for TV commercials including McDonald's, Max Factor, Toshiba, Wall's, Nescafé and EuroDisney.

Niles has written books on music. The Pat Metheny Interviews (Pub. Hal Leonard 2009), Polymetrics with Gary O'Toole (Pub. Jazzsense 2011), The Invisible Artist (pub. Amazon Create Space 2014) and From Dreaming To Gigging - Jazz Guitar in 6 Months (Pub. Amazon Create Space 2015).

As a journalist, Niles has been a regular contributor to Making Music since 1994. His radio career began presenting Jazz Notes and Adventures in Jazz on BBC Radio 3 in 1996. Since 1998 he wrote and presented his own BBC Radio 2 program New Jazz Standards, which The Guardian says has "changed the tenor of jazz broadcasting." Niles has since written and presented many BBC Radio 2 documentaries including "The Arrangers" and "Bright Size Life - Pat Metheny".

Niles has taught and given masterclasses in the UK at Brunel University, Leeds College of Music, The Royal Northern College of Music, The Academy of Contemporary Music, The Institute of Contemporary Music and The Tech Schools of Music. In the US he has taught at USC, UCLA, CalState (Northridge), Berklee College Of Music, and the Orange County School of Arts.

Niles wrote the score to The Strike (Comic Strip Films 1988) (Golden Rose of Montreaux, Honorable Mention for music), Do The Right Thing (Universal Pictures 1989), Billy Eliot (orchestration - BBC Films 2000), The Christmas Carol: The Movie (lyrics - MGM 2001), Alice in Russialand (dir. Ken Russell 1995)

Personal life
In 1982, Niles was married to vocalist Tessa Niles; they divorced in 1988. He married Aylin Marquez in 1999 and they have one child, Alexander, born in 2002. Alexander is a musician and actor performing in Francis Ford Coppola's Distant Vision.

Bibliography
Articles in Berklee Today magazine
 "Inside and Outside the Harmony of Pat Metheny" (2011)
 "Attitude versus Altitude" (2013)
 "Saving the Music Business" (2014)
 "The Significance of the 'Blurred Lines' Lawsuit" (Summer 2015)
 "Be the Change... Instead of Playing the Changes" (The Score, Winter 2013)

Articles by Richard Niles in Making Music magazine:
 "Alto Image" – Nigel Hitchcock (May 1994)
 "James Brown" – Interview (July 1994)
 "Let's Come to an Arrangement" (July 1994)
 "So You Want to Be a Star?" (October 1994)
 "So You Want to Be a Session Musician?" (January 1995)
 "The Production Line" (April 1995)
 "Drum Hum" – Danny Gottlieb (May 1995)
 "Tape Monitor" – Engineering (July 1995)
 "Bebop to Hip–Hop" – Branford Marsalis (September 1995
 "What is a Musician Anyway?" (June 1996)
 "Air" – Wayne Shorter Interview (October 1997)
 "Don't Get Mad..." (May 1999)
 "Are You Getting Ripped Off?" (August 1999)

Articles about Richard Niles:
 "Richard Niles – The Producer" by Chas De Whalley, Musician & Recording World (October 1987)
 "England's Jazz Crusader" by Mark Small, Berklee Today (Spring 2000)
 "Richard Niles – The Professional Touch" by Mike Senior, Sound On Sound (June 2000)
 La Porta Classica – Richard Niles El Procés de Composició de la Banda Sonora – Roger Juliá Satorra (2004)
 Producer Crosstalk – "Richard Niles" by Rob Putnam, Music Connection (January 2010)
Guitar International (Nov 2009)

References

External links
 Official website

 Richard Niles at AllAboutJazz.com
 Interview, HitQuarters Apr 07

Living people
1951 births
American jazz composers
American broadcasters
American male journalists
Journalists from California
American jazz musicians
American classical musicians
Berklee College of Music alumni
People from Hollywood, Los Angeles
Guitarists from California
Musicians from London
20th-century American guitarists
Jazz musicians from California
American male guitarists
Classical musicians from California
American male jazz composers
20th-century American male musicians

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Ocean Beach man — brother of woman killed in Capitol riot — gets probation in two local confrontations
Roger Witthoeft Jr., 34, was sentenced for a September 2021 attack on an SDG&E worker — a charge that included a hate-crime allegation — and a January confrontation with a 65-year-old man helping a disabled friend.
Dec. 14, 2022 3:46 PM PT
An Ocean Beach man was placed on probation Dec. 13 in connection with two incidents, including an attack on a utility worker that his attorney had argued was sparked by trauma from the death of his sister Ashli Babbitt, who was shot inside the U.S. Capitol during the riot of Jan. 6, 2021.
Roger Witthoeft Jr., 34, was convicted of misdemeanor charges for a September 2021 attack on a San Diego Gas & Electric worker — which was accompanied by a hate-crime allegation — and a confrontation in January involving a 65-year-old man who was helping a disabled friend.
In the first case, a San Diego County Superior Court jury found Witthoeft guilty of misdemeanor battery and the hate-crime allegation for striking the SDG&E worker in Point Loma and shouting racial slurs at the man, who is Latino. Witthoeft also was convicted of violating the man's civil rights.
The San Diego city attorney's office said the man was directing traffic around a work site at Voltaire Street and Mendocino Boulevard when Witthoeft confronted him.
Prosecutors said Witthoeft slapped the worker and told him to "talk in English, you [expletive] immigrant" and "Go back to your country.''
Witthoeft pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor count of disturbing the peace in the second incident, which occurred in Ocean Beach. Prosecutors said he struck a man who was blocking a sidewalk with his car as he helped a friend unload her wheelchair from the vehicle.
Superior Court Judge Carlos Armour ordered Witthoeft to complete a year of probation and 50 hours of community service at a local nonprofit. The judge imposed a term of 30 days in jail but stayed the term, meaning Witthoeft will not have to serve that time if he doesn't violate the terms of probation.
Witthoeft's defense attorney, Varun Sabharwal, argued against the 30 days in custody, saying neither of the victims suffered physical injuries. He also argued that Witthoeft had been dealing with the death of his sister, which the attorney said was all the more traumatic because of the well-publicized nature of her death.
Babbitt, 35, of Ocean Beach, was fatally shot by a Capitol Police officer as she tried to get through a set of doors deep inside the U.S. Capitol during a breach by supporters of then-President Donald Trump who were trying to disrupt congressional certification of President Joe Biden's election victory.
Witthoeft also has a 2016 conviction stemming from an altercation with a 71-year-old man in Lakeside, in which he screamed at the man, kicked the door of the man's truck and kicked out the window of the victim's camper shell, according to prosecutors.
Witthoeft was charged with felony vandalism but pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor and was placed on probation.


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Billy Dee Williams clarifies comments on gender fluidity, discusses Lando Calrissian's sexuality
Star Wars great Billy Dee Williams made headlines earlier this week for his comments on the use of gender pronouns, and those headlines almost uniformly said something to the effect of: "Billy Dee Williams comes out as gender fluid."
If you read Williams's original comments, though, the headlines felt like a leap — a way to neatly label the 82-year-old actor in progressive terminology at a time when traditional definitions of gender and sexuality continue to evolve. "I never tried to be anything except myself. I think of myself as a relatively colorful character who doesn't take himself or herself too seriously," he told Esquire magazine. "I say 'himself' and 'herself,' because I also see myself as feminine as well as masculine. I'm a very soft person. I'm not afraid to show that side of myself."
In an interview with Yahoo Entertainment Tuesday, Williams clarified his comments when asked about the sexuality of Lando Calrissian, Wiliiams's fan-favorite intergalactic playboy smuggler whom the actor reprises for the first time in 36 years with the upcoming Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker.
"When I made that comment, it was just a simple comment, I was just saying men should get in touch with their female self," he told us (watch above). "I was not talking about swinging, or whether I was gay or straight or anything like that. But it's interesting how people take all of that stuff out of [context], and make it what they want to make it."
(In a separate interview with The Undefeated, Williams asked, "What the hell is 'gender fluid?'" The term generally refers to people who do not identify with a fixed gender.)
In his explanation, Williams referred to the teachings of psychoanalyst Carl Jung, an early supporter of Sigmund Freud whose anima/animus theories explored the inner feminine side of men and the inner masculine side of women.
Williams's comments may have in some small part been misconstrued because of the character he's famous for playing. Star Wars fans have long been intrigued by Lando's sexuality, especially in the wake of the 2018 prequel Solo: A Star Wars Story, in which Donald Glover leaned into the ambiguity surrounding Lando's romantic tastes, which both Glover and the film's screenwriter described him as pansexual.
Though he often refers to him as a "charmer," Williams doesn't have much of an opinion on that matter.
"I never thought about it, to tell you the truth," the actor said. "I mean I'm sure he was quite capable of a lot of things. But I never really thought about it."
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker opens Dec. 20; get tickets on Fandango. Watch the trailer:
Read more on Yahoo Entertainment:
'Star Wars: Rise of Skywalker' Could Score Massive $200 Million Opening Weekend
'Star Wars' actor confesses to accidentally leaking 'Rise of Skywalker' script
'Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker' reveals 8 new photos
Want daily pop culture news delivered to your inbox? Sign up here for Yahoo Entertainment & Lifestyle's newsletter.


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How to Keep Child Predators Out of Virtual Playgrounds Like 'Fortnite' and 'Minecraft'
Productivity Tips and Apps	by Productivity Hub January 27, 2020
There's no perfect fix, but experts on moderation, sexual exploitation, and internet law tell OneZero there is hope
Online games that are wildly popular with kids, like Fortnite, Minecraft, Clash of Clans and Roblox, have become hunting grounds for pedophiles. Recent reporting suggests that by at least the thousands — and perhaps far more than that — kids are being groomed, cajoled, tricked, intimidated, or blackmailed into sending sexual images of themselves or others to predators who trawl gaming platforms and chat apps such as Discord for victims.
While there is often an element of moral panic at play when a new trend or technology poorly understood by adults is identified as a threat to children, an investigation by the New York Times made clear that the problem is real, widespread, and growing. If you're still skeptical, a firsthand account of what it's like to hunt predators from an employee at Bark, a startup that develops parental controls for online apps, illustrates just how pervasive the problem is on social media and messaging platforms. It's impossible for a parent to read these stories without coming away alarmed about kids' safety and well-being in the world of online gaming.
What the reporting so far has not made fully clear, however, is what can actually be done about the threat. Most of the companies mentioned in the Times story — including Roblox, Discord, Sony (maker of Playstation), and Microsoft (maker of Xbox and Minecraft, among others) — pointed to at least some measures they have put in place to protect underage users, but few could demonstrate meaningful success. Nearly every approach discussed had obvious shortcomings. And Epic Games, maker of Fortnite, didn't even respond to requests for comment, from either the Times or OneZero. Supercell, maker of Clash of Clans, did not respond to OneZero, either.
Experts on content moderation, online sexual exploitation, and internet law told OneZero that there is hope for addressing the problem in meaningful ways. It just won't be easy — and some argue it won't happen without changes to the bedrock law that shields online platforms from many forms of liability.
Part of what makes policing gaming so tricky is that the interaction between predators and kids rarely stays on the gaming platforms. Often, the predators find and form a relationship with kids on a gaming site, only to move to more private chat apps such as Facebook Messenger or Kik to trade sexual images and blackmail them. Sarah T. Roberts, assistant professor of information studies at UCLA, compared unmoderated gaming chats to "a virtual playground with creeps hanging out all around it" — and no parents are present.
"I'm feeling more optimistic about what feels like kind of a piecemeal approach." — Kat Lo
You can imagine multiple approaches to guarding such a venue. One would be to bring in responsible adults to watch over it — that is, moderation. Another would be to install surveillance cameras — providing oversight via automation. A third approach would involve checking the identities or ages of everyone who enters the playground — a category I'll call verification. A fourth would be to make sure all the parents and kids in the community are aware of the playground's risks, and to help them navigate it more safely — i.e., education. Finally, society could introduce laws restricting such playgrounds, or holding their creators liable for what happens on them: regulation.
If there were only one virtual playground, there might be a single correct answer. But there are many, and their features are distinct, making it impossible to craft a single effective policy. "I don't see a grand technical solution," said Kat Lo, an expert on online moderation and project lead for the Content Moderation Project at the nonprofit Meedan, which builds open-source tools for journalists and nonprofits.
That doesn't mean the situation is hopeless. "I'm feeling more optimistic about what feels like kind of a piecemeal approach," Lo added. The fixes that she, Roberts, and other experts suggested can be roughly divided into the five categories I outlined above.
Perhaps the most obvious way to police a digital space is to bring in human oversight, whether by deputizing users as moderators (as Reddit does) or hiring contractors or employees to do the job. But putting an employee in every chat is costly for tech companies whose businesses are built on software and scale — and to users who want to talk smack or coordinate their gameplay without a hall monitor looking over their shoulders.
Moderation also doesn't make much sense in the context of platforms specifically built for private messaging. Many massively multiplayer online games, such as Blizzard's World of Warcraft, offer players the ability to privately message any other player at any time via a feature called "whisper." Epic Games' Fortnite lets you privately message players on your friend list, and offers small-group text and voice chats. Roberts suggested that such platforms "move to a model of less private messaging and more group-oriented messaging," with monitoring by community managers. While access to private spaces is important to children's development, she said, there's no reason gaming platforms need to be among these spaces.
Of course, moderation is far from a perfect solution. Just ask Facebook, whose contracted moderators endure difficult work conditions and struggle to consistently apply its rules. There's also the risk that limiting private messaging on a gaming platform such as Minecraft simply pushes users onto an even more private platform for chat, such as Discord. But given that a perfect solution doesn't exist, more moderation in gaming chats would be a good start — assuming you can get the platforms to do it. (We'll get to that challenge farther down.)
There's also the option of simply limiting or removing chat features. Hearthstone, a Blizzard game released in 2014, allows players to communicate with matched opponents only via a menu of preset messages. The company told the gaming site Polygon at the time that the goal was "to keep Hearthstone feeling fun, safe and appealing to everyone."
2. Automation
Fortnite has some 250 million registered players, of whom more than a million may be online at any given time. Anytime scale is part of the problem — in this case because there are far too many people playing massively multiplayer online games at once for humans to watch over everything they say to each other — it's worth at least considering whether automation could be part of the solution. And as it turns out, automation already is part of the solution, in some settings. It's just overmatched.
Since 2009, Microsoft has released a free tool called PhotoDNA that scans still images for matches with known examples of child pornography, and it has been widely used by other companies since then. Last year, it expanded the tool to include video. And last week, the company announced that it is releasing new technology called Project Artemis that uses machine learning to scan online conversations for indicators of child grooming and flag suspicious ones for human review. Microsoft developed the technology in collaboration with fellow tech companies, including Roblox and Kik, as well as the nonprofit Thorn, and will make it available for free to other platforms.
Roblox, for its part, told OneZero it already applies filtering tools to all chats on its platform, with extra restrictions for children under 13. The filters block crude language, but also attempt to detect and block when a player is trying to lure another player off the game and into private communication, such as by asking for their phone number. Project Artemis will add another layer to Roblox's systems, a spokesperson said.
Meanwhile, Facebook has been building its own machine-learning software, including a tool that tries to identify examples of predators grooming children — that is, befriending them for purposes of soliciting sexual images later. Companies that use this sort of software generally partner with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, or NCMEC, to report material to law enforcement. But as the Times reported in a separate investigation of child pornography on platforms such as Facebook Messenger, NCMEC itself has been overwhelmed in recent years by the volume of reports.
Image-scanning tools such as PhotoDNA tend to be less applicable on gaming platforms because sexual images tend to be exchanged on more private messaging services. An approach like Project Artemis that analyzes chats for suspicious patterns of speech could hold promise for gaming platforms, Lo said — but it depends on the context. In some online settings, that sort of monitoring might be viewed by users and perhaps regulators as an invasion of privacy. If the system isn't sufficiently sophisticated and constantly updated, predators will learn how it works and use coded speech to get around it. And it could be skirted altogether on a platform such as Discord, which allows users to chat by voice as well as text.
Attempts to log and analyze voice communications in some settings may be constrained by privacy laws, noted Jeff Kosseff, assistant professor of cybersecurity law at the U.S. Naval Academy and the author of a book about Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, a foundational piece of internet law. Additionally, if tech companies work too closely with law enforcement in monitoring their users, Kosseff said, those efforts could run afoul of Fourth Amendment restrictions on warrantless searches by the government. Gaming companies looking to do this sort of monitoring have to do so independently, and properly notify users to obtain their consent, such as through their terms of service.
Implementing this sort of A.I. can require resources that smaller game studios lack. That's where industry cooperation and standards could help, Lo said. But such systems must constantly evolve, or predators will quickly learn what they're looking for and deploy evasive strategies, such as coded language, to avoid detection. Even the most sophisticated systems probably can't match the effectiveness of trained human moderators, Lo added. There's still value in automated detection as a first layer — like flagging suspicious interactions for human follow-up — but only if it functions as part of a more comprehensive approach.
All Rights Reserved for Will Oremus
AI Fails and What They Teach Us About Emerging Technology
What's the cost of Cybercrime across different Industries?


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Kerstin Johannesson tidigare Janson, född 1955, är en svensk ekolog vars forskning är specialiserad på marin evolutionsbiologi.

Biografi
Johannesson disputerade 1986 vid Göteborgs universitet där hon 1999 blev professor i marin ekologi. 2000–2007 var hon föreståndare för Tjärnö marinbiologiska laboratorium (numera Sven Lovén centrum för marina vetenskaper).

Johannesson invaldes 2010 till ledamot av Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien och blev 2014 ledamot av Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhetssamhället i Göteborg.

Referenser

Noter

Allmänna källor

http://www.marecol.gu.se/Personal/kejo

Externa länkar
Publikationslista i SwePub
Officiell webbplats Kerstin Johannesson

Svenska professorer i ekologi
Personer verksamma vid Göteborgs universitet
Ledamöter av Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien
Ledamöter av Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhetssamhället i Göteborg
Projekt Kvinnliga huvudpersoner
Kvinnor
Födda 1955
Levande personer


Featuring Sig Sauer's BDX technology, the KILO1400BDX is the world's most advanced laser rangefinder. When paired with a SIERRA3BDX riflescope, the onboard Applied Ballistics Ultralite calculator sends ballistic drop data via Bluetooth directly to the SIERRA3BDX's BDX-R1 reticle, providing an illuminated holdover dot and wind hold. Download the free BDX App for iOS or Android to setup ballistic profiles and synchronize custom profiles to your KILO for exact ballistic solutions.


There is no denying that we live in a world saturated with incredible amounts of content. For many marketers that regularly use a social media strategy for hotels or other businesses, content creation can be a daunting task. Many times, creating any type of content can be a time consuming task that requires many hours of manpower. How can you continue to produce fresh content that keeps your audience engaged with few resources?
At first, you must acquire certain resources before you can get started. Gatter all the images, videos, and copy from the past that you can get yours hands on to create a starting point. If you don't have any because you're starting anew make sure to sponsor someone to create great images, video, or copy or if you feel comfortable enough to give it a go, try it yourself. You need to invest in some quality material before you can get started.
Since hiring a photographer and videographer can get expensive very quickly, you have to be strategic about when to call on these resources. There are a few things you can do to help you make the most of the content you already have that can hold you until the next time you call your favorite photographer or videographer.
For one, Instagram has great features that let you add stories, go live or even type text with the click of a button. Type feature lets you choose a color, or background image where you can overlay text to give out information for your followers. This is sometimes easier and less time consuming than having to go out and stage a photograph yourself. Stories enhanced with features can be downloaded and later added to Instagram as a regular post. These features include color, text, filters and so on and can dramatically change how an image looks compared to the original version.
Another step you can take to reinvent old images is to use digital tools. Taking an old photo and enhancing it with filters, graphic design, or collage templates can make a huge difference. Using tools like Canva and PicMonkey is easy and intuitive. By using these tools to create something new from old materials, think collage and borders, you can save valuable time and resources. You can also make slideshows and short videos using tools like Adobe Spark.
Moreover, whatever social media channels you use can serve as content producers themselves. If anyone tags your business you can take a look at what people are posting and scout the best images to re-post on your official channel. If there isn't much to choose from, you can always give a friendly reminder to your customers or consumers to let them know once more, of your presence on social media while encouraging them to tag their photos and add their location. The user generated content benefits are amazing and they can help save lots of time if you do this correctly, but don't forget to credit the original source of the content. Keep your audience engaged by sharing quality content other people have created. Sharing interesting topics pertaining to your niche is a good starting point. Take things like articles, videos, share photos and allow that interesting content to keep your audience engaged! Combined, these tips can help you manage the demand of creating content in our digital world.


Are you staring at a tangled mess that is growing all over your aquarium plants?
You might have Staghorn algae.
This branching growth, if left unchecked, can take over your entire tank!
Today, I am going to show you how to identify it, get rid of it and stop it from coming back!
Is Staghorn algae harmful to fish?
Is Staghorn algae harmful to plants?
What is the cause of Staghorn algae?
How do you get rid of Staghorn algae?
It's easy to see why this algae is named after the antlers of a male deer. The branching growth of Staghorn algae would not look out of place on the head of a deer.
Healthy Staghorn algae is typically a dark gray (almost brown), light gray or white color. However, this algae can look slightly green depending on your lighting setup.
Don't be fooled by the color, Staghorn algae is actually a member of the red algae family.
Staghorn algae most commonly grows on plants, although I have seen cases where it attached itself to rocks, aquarium decorations and even a filter pipe.
…So tiny, it can easily be missed among the much larger plants in your aquarium.
And outside of the water, Staghorn algae still looks like antlers!
Staghorn algae is often confused with black beard algae. And, I can understand why – fully grown Staghorn algae looks like a wiry beard. In fact, it often looks more like a beard than black beard algae does.
So, how do you tell the two apart?
Think you have black beard algae in your tank? Check out our black beard algae guide – with pictures and instructions on how to get rid of it!
Nope, Staghorn algae does not represent a danger to your fish.
In fact, if you let your Staghorn algae grow to ridiculous proportions, many fish and shrimp explore its long and bristly growth.
In fact, in its early stages of growth, Staghorn algae is hardly a bother at all.
But as it grows, Staghorn algae will compete with your plants for nutrients. Any nutrients that the Staghorn algae consumes are not being used by your aquarium plants.
Also, if you leave Staghorn algae to grow thick enough, it can block out light from any plants that are unlucky enough to be underneath it.
So yeah, an uncontrolled spread of Staghorn algae can be particularly dangerous to plants in your aquarium.
It almost feels like Staghorn algae appears by magic. One day your aquarium is algae free, and the next your plants have a gray fuzz growing over them.
It is almost universally agreed that low CO2 levels are the primary cause of Staghorn algae appearing.
If your CO2 levels are too low or fluctuating, you are creating the perfect environment for Staghorn algae to grow. It could be your CO2 canister is running low, there is a blockage, a leak, or you are not injecting the correct amount.
Don't run a CO2-injected tank? Introduce CO2 to your aquarium by dosing with Seahchem Flourish Excel, which is a simple additive that provides your plants with a source of carbon, and, as I discuss later, can kill Staghorn algae.
Okay, so maybe your CO2 levels are just fine. But if you don't have good water circulation, it's not going to be able to flow around your entire tank.
You see, it's entirely possible that the Staghorn algae outbreak that you are experiencing is growing in a dead zone.
Products such as power heads have been specifically designed to improve water flow by giving it an extra push around your aquarium.
If your aquarium has more light than your plants can use, Staghorn algae will happily take over.
Do you leave your aquarium light on for long periods of time? Maybe you never turn it off. If so, you are basically encouraging an algae bloom!
Reducing the amount of light that shines on your aquarium can slow or even stop Staghorn algae from appearing altogether.
But don't shroud your tank in darkness just yet. You still want to make sure that there is enough light for healthy growth of your aquarium plants.
You can use a plug-in aquarium timer to automatically turn your lights on and off each day. It sure beats doing it manually – something that you will certainly forget to do.
Not only does it kill Staghorn algae, but it will improve the growth of other plants in your aquarium. This will be especially noticeable if you don't inject CO2.
Using it is simple – just follow the instructions and make sure that your water flow is adequate to deliver Excel to every corner of your tank.
In under a week, you should notice the Staghorn algae beginning to die. As Staghorn algae dies, it turns a red or pink color.
Not noticing any change or want quicker results? Spot treating is the way to go – it can completely kill Staghorn in as few as two days.
Spot treating involves using a pipette or syringe to apply Seachem Excel Flourish directly to the algae. Daily spot dosing kills Staghorn algae fast.
It's a more extreme treatment, but it has proven to kill Staghorn algae time and time again!
Below you see Staghorn algae before being treated with Excel.
Continued spot dosing saw this outbreak clear up for good!
I personally love the fact that Staghorn algae changes color to red when it dies – it lets you know which areas you missed.
Wouldn't it be great if you could just add a fish to your tank and have it get rid of the Staghorn algae for you?
At the time of writing this, I have not found a species of fish, shrimp or snail that will consistently eat Staghorn algae.
While your shrimp might nibble on it here and there, they won't eat it to the point that it is eradicated.
However, after Staghorn algae dies, it is not uncommon to see shrimp feast upon its remains. If only they would eat the live stuff!
While it may not be harmful to fish, Staghorn algae can definitely have a negative impact on your plants. Not to mention that it looks ugly!
However, by taking proper care of your tank, you can prevent Staghorn algae from appearing in the first place.
How did you get rid of Staghorn algae? Let me know in the comments below!
If you need a follow up dose, I tend to do the same amount of h202.
Thanks .. it seems the algae still sticking around even spot treatment.
Lights at 4 hr, 10% weekly water change.
The 1st 2 time i use 5ml then 1.5 for 2 days. Total 4 days the algae still around.
Is any algae turning red and dying off? Are you sure it's staghorn?
I treated wth spot treatment daily 5ml. For some It did turn red.
I also did a 2 day blackout and a few drops excel on 2liters bucket for my US fisside and some turn red and some green hair algae gone.
Now left a few stings for green hair algae and some staghorn around. Still doing 5ml daily dose.
Hi, I've been keeping nano tanks for years now and this is the first time I've encountered stag horn algae. It seems that it has appeared over night. It's only in a high flow area of one of my tanks and everything has been constant for 6 months so I'm not sure what's changed it to make it grow. I'll have to test my tap water to see if something changed there.
Thank you for this article it's been very helpful and informative.
Isn't surprise algae the worst? I hope testing your water sheds some light on the issue.
I have been doing my tank with Excel and it works great. But how do I remove the dead allegra? Does it eventually disappear or should I manually take it out?
It all depends on how much algae there was and what you have in your tank. Many shrimp, and some other algae eaters, will happily eat dead staghorn algae until there is none left. If it's a little, it will slowly break up and go away on it's own, with much of it being trapped in your filter. If it's a lot, you might want to manually remove it, doing a small area at a time so you don't gunk up the rest of your tank.
After reading your article on Black Beard Algae, I had to discover what Staghorn Algae is.
I've had aquariums for 60 years and I have never seen Staghorn Algae in any of my tanks, but I have seen it in other peoples tanks.
It's good to see that the solution for Staghorn Algae and Black Beard (Hair) Algae is the same.
I've been battling Hair Algae for some time now that was introduced from the purchase of a plant from one of the three LFS in this area.
I've already got other Flourish products (Iron, Comprehensive Supplement) so now I've got to get Excel and give it a try. Thanks.
Isn't this hobby fantastic? I've been keeping fish for over 30 years and I am still learning new things all the time – and I've been doing this half as long as you. I would love to hear your experience with Excel.


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Paintings of 40 Years
Opening Thursday, September 9, 2004 David Zwirner will present the work of On Kawara. On Kawara–Paintings of 40 Years will be the artist's third solo exhibition with David Zwirner and will feature a selection of Date paintings, one from each of the past forty years.
On Kawara is a prominent figure in contemporary art. His work has been included in many conceptual art surveys from the seminal Information show at the Museum of Modern Art, New York in 1970 to Reconsidering the Object of Art: 1965-1975 at the Museum of Modern Art, Los Angeles in 1995. Solo exhibitions of his work have included the Centre Pompidou, Paris in 1977; Continuity/ Discontinuity at the Moderna Museet, Stockholm in 1980; Museum Boymans-van Beuningen, Rotterdam in 1991; and the Dia Center for the Arts, New York in 1993.
September 9—October 16, 2004
On Kawara Paintings of 40 Years


Creating an organized space for your kids' toys and games will help them to keep it clean! We are sharing some Kids Toy Bin Labels to help you keep things tidy, and some of our favorite tips for simple Kids Closet organization.
One of the spaces in my home that I've been wanting to tackle for a while now is the upstairs loft, which also doubles as a playroom. We've lived in our home for a few years now, and one of my favorite things about the upstairs is the IKEA Pax wardrobe closet system the previous owners installed. We have 3 closets built in, one is used for my craft and staging supplies for blogging, one is a linen closet, and the last one is used for my kids toys and games. I bet you can guess which one is the messiest!
Yikes, right?? It was a mish mash of old storage bins and plastic shoe boxes and not everything had a place to be put away. The big wire drawer ended up being a catch all for everything when my girls were cleaning up by themselves. I didn't really have any way for them to know where things were supposed to go, and every time I opened this closet I cringed! Here are some tips I learned as I tackled organizing this closet.
First, I pulled out all of the toys and games that they use almost daily and put them in a pile. Everything else either went to a donate pile, packed away to storage, or thrown out! I filled about half a garbage bag of trash! Try not to be sentimental when it comes to your kids toys, they will be fine without them! Having a few of their favorite and most used items will actually be easier for them to manage, both physically and mentally. Too many things surrrounding kids and making a mess can give them just as much as anxiety as it gives you!
Be strategic about where things are kept in the closet – make favorite toys easily accessible!
When deciding how to organize the toys I was keeping for my girls, I chose to put the items they play with most often on the two lower shelves, where they can get them out easily. I also put the things that I don't want them getting down without my help, up on the higher shelves. One of the biggest disasters in their closet was a huge bin of dress ups. Every time friends came over, that bin was pulled out and dumped and there were dresses, shoes and crowns everywhere! I decided to get rid of the large bin and split them up into dresses and accessories. I also got rid of some of the dress ups that are too small or really worn. Using these wooden bins, which are a little more sturdy, makes it so they will have to ask for help to get them down and I will have a little more control over the mess!
Next, you can edit the text and size to fit your own containters, and change the color on the new toolbar at the top, next to where it says, Linetype – Cut. I changed mine to white to match my color scheme and to stand out on the clear containers.
When you are ready, hit Make it in the top right corner of your screen, and follow the prompts to select your material. I attached the words so they would cut nicely in their own separate rows, perfect for slicing into strips for the labels.
Once your vinyl labels are cut, it's time to weed!
Now cut a piece of transfer tape the same size as your label and attach smoothly on top of the label. Rub over the back surface of the vinyl, and remove the backing sheet. Your label is ready to adhere to the bin!
Measure the center of the bin, or just eyeball where it looks good. Use a scraper to rub over the transfer tape, ensuring the vinyl sticks to the container, then remove the tape carefully, from the bottom left corner.
Repeat this process for all your labels! I love how the new bins look! And my kids like having everything where it should be.
For everything that has a word label, I like to use clear bins so it's easy for the kids to see what's inside before they pull the bins down off the shelf. This is really helpful for my younger kids who can't read. For solid containers, I like to create picture labels instead, it helps the kids who can't read yet to know what is inside!
These picture bins have all the doctor stuff in one, and small animal figures in the other.
To create a beautifully organized space, you don't have to spend a lot! I repurposed these IKEA Pluggis containers I already had, just adding the vinyl icons makes a huge impact. I also used several of these 16 quart sweater bins with the darling peach lids, a 2 pack is only $5.89! I asded vinyl monograms to these bins for my 3 youngest kids, so they each have a bin for personal toys or treasures they want to save.
I also created my own DIY wallpaper with Cricut Permanent Glossy Vinyl on the pull out shelf of their closet. I wanted to add a pop of color and pattern to the closet without spending extra money. I'm obsessed with how it turned out and how simple it was! Would you guys like a tutorial on this in another post?
For the wooden dress up boxes, I used Every Day Iron-on vinyl because it adheres better to wood than adhesive vinyl. It was so easy to iron them on!
I found the cutest clothing illustrations in Design Space, and used the dress and high heel shoe. Anytime you are working with Iron-on vinyl, make sure you Mirror the design before you cut.
Once the designs are cut and weeded, get your surface ready and plug in your EasyPress. I love my EasyPress 2, in the small 6×7″ size! I use it all the time!
This was my first time trying Iron-on vinyl on wood, and I'm so happy with how it turned out! These wooden boxes might be my favorite feature of the new toy closet! Just think about all of the fun things you could do with iron-on and wood. The possibilities are endless.
I didn't change much on the game shelves, other than getting rid of a few old games and puzzles we don't use, and consolidating several smaller card games, dice, and other miscellaneous items into a bin together. Now we can finally see what games we have and we'll actually play games more!
The best part of this closet makeover has been seeing my kids' reaction and how excited they are! They are being more careful to put away toys in their proper place and I'm a much happier mom every time I come upstairs now!
What space in your home do you wish was more organized?


It's a beautiful transcendental experience when you start thinking about songs FOR others, not just about yourself and your own selfish feelings. Making mixes for people is a small step but the moment that you open yourself and give onto others... the world opens up.
Patience, honesty, kindness and meditations. I wouldn't usually illuminate a band like this, but as uncomfortable as growing and loving can be...I'm doing it.


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Home / Bible Commentaries / Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary/ 2 Kings
Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary
2 Kings 2 Kings 15
AMAZIAH IN JUDAH AND JEROBOAM II. IN ISRAEL
CRITICAL AND EXPLANATORY NOTES.—
2Ki . Amaziah, king of Judah—Historian returns to the records concerning Judah.
2Ki . Yet not like David, his father—Chronicles says, "Not with a perfect heart," acting in general obedience to God's law, yet lacking in spiritual loyalty and heartfelt piety.
2Ki . Slew his servants which had slain his father—It was a Mosaic law that a son should—as both an act of justice and filial piety—avenge his father's murder; but he did this without malice, leaving their children untouched, contrary to the prevailing custom of antiquity. This act of revenge was wisely delayed till the kingdom was confirmed in his hand, thus indicating that these servants were men of state influence and eminence.
2Ki . Called the name of it Jokkeel—Its former name, הַסֶּלַע, the rock; ἡ πετρα, afterwards Arabia Petræa, situate amid steep rocks. This ancient Petra is still a scene of splendid ruins. Its new name— יָקְתְאֵל—signifies given, or conquered by God.
2Ki . Come, let us look one another in the face—An insolent challenge; perhaps inspired by desire to avenge the massacre of his ancestors by Jehu (chapter 9), more probably from elation over his success with the Edomites.
2Ki . The thistle that was in Lebanon—A parable couched in most contemptuous form. Amaziah a mean thistle; cedar of Lebanon being, in its grand contrast, the sovereign of Israel; the wild beast being the desolating army of Israel. But thistle should be briar or briar bush. Give thy daughter to my son to wife—Only a superior could assume such an air of authority and make such a demand.
2Ki . They made a conspiracy against him—Mal-administration of the kingdom followed upon this fatal war, and was accompanied with spiritual apostasy (2Ch 25:27); and the ruin of Jerusalem, the sack of the temple, with the captivity of the children carried away as hostages, roused Judah to conspire and overthrow him.
2Ki . They brought him on horses— עַל הַסּוּסִים, i.e., on the royal equestrian chariot.
2Ki . All the people of Judah took Azariah—So that the popular hostility was not against Amaziah's family, but against himself.
2Ki . He built Elath, and restored it to Judah—Elath was the Edomite seaport (see on 1Ki 9:26).
HOMILETICS OF 2Ki
MILITARY AMBITION
AMAZIAH was a warrior-king, and throughout his reign we hear the incessant clash of sabres and the hurried movements of the military. He dragged his country down to disaster and defeat, and was himself a victim of the vicissitudes of war. He forsook the Lord and became infatuated with idolatry; and we learn once more how certain and how terrible is the downfall of the man who abandons Jehovah (2Ch ). His career illustrates the different phases of military ambition.
I. Military ambition may be associated with a defective piety (2Ki ). He did what was right, but not with a perfect heart, like David. His standard of right was too low. His piety was not vigorous and independent enough to lift him above all human examples, or even to strive to imitate the best. He chose an inferior example to copy. "He did according to all things as Joash his father did." There was a remarkable similarity in the lives of Joash and Amaziah. Both began their reigns, professing zeal for the worship of Jehovah, and afterwards lapsed into idolatry: both ignored the warnings of faithful prophets; and both, having forsaken God, perished by the hands of the assassins. War and religion, though representing directly opposite principles, are often strangely united in the history of nations, but always to the damage of religion. The war-spirit is an enemy to genuine piety. The love of military glory weakens the religions conscience.
II. Military ambition delights in scenes of slaughter and bloodshed (2Ki ). It is mentioned to his credit, that when Amaziah avenged his father's death by the execution of his murderers, he did not slay the children of the murderers, according to the usual custom in the East. He so far respected the law of God (2Ki 14:6). But we soon read of great slaughter in his Idumean wars, and of the wanton destruction of 10,000 prisoners, who were thrown down from a precipice and broken to pieces (2Ch 25:12). When the war-demon is once let loose, it riots in scenes of carriage and cruelty. The indulgence of military ambition begets an indifference and recklessness in the treatment of human life.
III. Military ambition generates a boastful spirit and an insatiable love of conquest (2Ki ). Amaziah's victories in Edom turned his head. He felt equal to anything. He was ambitious to reign over Israel. He challenged the rival kingdom to battle, and the reply of Jehovah, in the form of a sarcastic parable, piqued his vanity and determined him to risk the encounter. There are some minds to whom success is more dangerous than failure.
Good success
Is oft more fatal far than bad, one winning throw,
Cast from a flattering die, tempting a gamester
To hazard his whole fortune.
Chapman.
IV. Military ambition is often humbled by ignominious defeat (2Ki ). It was not long before Amaziah had reason to regret his boastful challenge. By the prompt action of his rival hostilities were precipitated; Judah was utterly defeated, the king taken prisoner, the wall of Jerusalem broken, the temple stripped of its treasures, and hostages taken to prevent any further molestation. Another illustration of Pro 16:18.
Ah, curst ambition! to thy lures we owe
All the great ills that mortals bear below.
Tickell.
Of all kinds of ambition, military ambition is most disappointing, and subject to great fluctuations of fortune. History teems with examples of how the ambitious warrior is at length defeated with the same weapons and by the same methods with which he sought to defeat and humble others. "The stone falls back upon the head of him who casts it into the air."
V. Military ambition is detrimental to good government.—
1. It is dangerous to the ruler himself (2Ki ). The disastrous issue of the war with Israel created national dissatisfaction. The nobles were scandalized that their children were draughted away as hostages, and the people were grievously annoyed to see their city invaded and their loved temple pillaged by a despised rival. The disaffections grew into serious proportions. A conspiracy was formed to assassinate Amaziah, as the cause of all their trouble. The fear and anguish of that period would be the bitterest experience of his life. Of what avail now were his military powers and his bannered hosts? The interests of his own people had been sacrificed to his ambitious folly, and he at length becomes the victim of their disaffection and anger. What Hume says of Richard Cœur de Lion would apply with equal force to Amaziah: "He was better calculated to dazzle men by the splendour of his enterprise than either to promote their happiness or his own grandeur by a sound and well-regulated policy."
2. It entails trouble to his successor (2Ki ). The conquest of Edom by his father required Azariah to capture and fortify the seaport of Elath. The results of past victories can be retained only by ceaseless vigilance and effort. The conquests of the father often impose serious burdens upon the son.
LESSONS:—The love of military glory is the bane of any nation.
2. The throne that is won by war is lost by war.
3. It is a nobler ambition to be good than to be great; to build up and consolidate rather than destroy.
GERM NOTES ON THE VERSES
2Ki . Imperfect piety. I. May be genuine up to a certain point. "He did that which was right in the sight of the Lord." II. Is lacking in thorough consecration. "Not like David his father." III. Islimited by the example it imitates. "He did according to all things as Joash his father did.
2Ki . In cases like that of Amaziah, where faith is not completely and sincerely an affair of the heart, it has no firm foundation, and is quickly overwhelmed, either by unbelief or by superstition. A half-and-half disposition in what is good is a bridge that leads to what is evil. In sacred and spiritual affairs we have not to ask, How did our fathers do? but, How would God have us do? Because Amaziah only did as his father had done, he finally fared as his father had fared.—Lange.
2Ki . A revengeful spirit. I. Knows how to wait for its opportunity. II. Carries out its purpose with terrible exactness. III. Is controlled by respect for the Divine law.
—It is as much a sin to leave the guilty unpunished, as to punish the innocent. Right and justice are distorted by both courses. Where regicides are allowed to go unpunished, out of pity or weakness, there all justice ceases. The throne and the civil authority are not established by weak concessions, but by righteousness.—Lange.
2Ki . "But the children of the murderers he slew not"—wherein he showed some faith and courage that he would obey this command of God, though it was very hazardous to himself, such persons being likely to seek revenge for their father's death.—Pool.
2Ki . The intoxication of success. I. Leads to indiscreet and boastful challenges (2Ki 14:7-8). II. Indignantly repudiates all advice and warning. (2Ki 14:9-11). III. Precipitates hmiliating defeat and widespread disaster (2Ki 14:12-14).
2Ki . Extraordinary success in our undertakings is a great temptation to arrogance. Those must be strong legs which can support great good fortune and prosperity. God blesses our undertakings in order that we may become not haughty, but humble (Gen 32:10-11). Every undue self-exaltation robs us of the blessing again.—Wurt. Summ.
2Ki . We learn from Chronicles that Amaziah had hired a large body of Israelite soldiers for his Idumæan war, but, warned by a prophet, had dismissed them. These persons, disgusted at their treatment, ravaged the Jewish territory on their way back to Samaria (2Ch 25:13), thus affording to Amaziah a sufficient ground of quarrel. This, however, was the occasion rather than the cause of the war. The cause was Amaziah's pride and ambition. His success against Edom had so elated him that he thought himself more than a match for his northern neighbours (comp. 2Ki 14:10, and 2Ch 25:19).—Speaker's Comm.
2Ki . People in the East very often express their sentiments in a parabolic form, especially when they intend to convey unwelcome truths, or a contemptuous sneer. This was the design of the admonitory fable related by Joash in his reply. The thistle, a low shrub, might be chosen to represent Amaziah, a petty prince; the cedar, a powerful sovereign of Israel; and the wild beast that trode down the thistle, the overwhelming army with which Israel could desolate Judah. But, perhaps, without making so minute an application, the parable may be explained generally as describing in a striking manner the effects of pride and ambition, towering far beyond their natural sphere, and sure to fall with a sudden and ruinous crash. The moral of the fable is contained in 2Ki 14:10.—Jamieson.
—The destroyer is represented as passing by, not as sent out by the cedar. So Jehoash might wish to suggest to Amaziah that in case he meddled with things beyond his province he would be suddenly smitten by some judgment of the Almighty. He does not proudly boast and presume to tread down Amaziah and Judah by his own warriors and martial prowess.—Whedon.
2Ki . He who desires to correct another for his arrogance must take good care not to fall into the same fault himself. Blame and complaint for the pride and arrogance of others often come from hearts which exalt themselves too much. Do not parade your wisdom and strength, if you really possess them. The Lord breaks down even the cedars of Lebanon (Psa 29:5; Isa 2:12-13).—Lange.
2Ki . The author of Chronicles notes that Amaziah's obstinacy, and his consequent defeat and captivity, "came of God" (2Ch 25:20), were judgments upon him for an idolatry into which he had fallen after his conquest of Edom.—Speaker's Comm.
Oh, the depth of Divine justice and wisdom in these outward administrations! The best cause, the best man, doth not ever fare best. Amaziah did that which was right in the sight of the Lord, Joash evil; Amaziah follows David, though not with equal paces; Joash follows Jeroboam; yet is Amaziah shamefully foiled by Joash. Whether God yet meant to visit upon this king of Judah the still odious unthankfulness of his father Jehoiada, or to plague Judah for their share in the blood of Zechariah and their late revolt to idolatry; or whether Amaziah's too much confidence in his own strength, which moved his bold challenge to Joash, were thought fit to be thus taken down; or whatever other secret ground of God's judgment there might be, it is not for our presumption to inquire.—Bp. Hall.
2Ki . The vicissitudes of a monarch's life. I. His fame is the great theme of the historian (2Ki 14:18). II. He is the subject of dark and dangerous conspiracy (2Ki 14:19). III. Notwithstanding the most anxious precautions, he falls a victim to the assassin (2Ki 14:19). IV. His dead body may be more reverenced than his character (2Ki 14:20). V. His successor reaps the benefit of his successes (2Ki 14:21-22).
2Ki . His turning after the gods of Edom (2Ch 25:27), his defeat by Jehoash, the hostages taken of him, and the spoliation of the temple, all served to make the last half of his reign unpopular. The discontent of the kingdom culminated in conspiracy. So he perished like his father (chap. 2Ki 12:20).—Whedon.
2Ki . They conveyed his body back to Jerusalem in the royal chariot and with the horses which had brought him to Lachish. The combination of relentless animosity against the living prince with the deepest respect for his dead remains is very characteristic of an Oriental people.—Speaker's Comm.
2Ki . In the fifteenth year, &c., Jeroboam, king of Israel, &c.—Israel's history resumed. This was Jeroboam II. His reign was marked by idolatry, yet also with great political success (2Ki 14:25).
2Ki . Spake by his servant Jonah—Not found in the Book of Jonah which we possess.
2Ki . There was not any shut up, &c.—Comp. Notes on Kings 2Ki 14:10.
2Ki . The Lord said not that He would blot out the name of Israel—The Divine purposes had not yet announced the obliteration of the ten tribes of the house of Israel.—W. H. J.
NATIONAL PROSPERITY—AN OPPORTUNITY FOR NATIONAL REFORM
JEROBOAM reigned longer than any other king of Israel, and soon gave evidence of possessing considerable capacity and energy. He not only checked the Syrian invasion and regained the portions of his kingdom which had been seized by the foe, but carried the war into Syria and overawed Damascus into submission. Adversity having failed to bring back Israel to the true worship of Jehovah, a period of prosperity is granted, with no better result. Instead of tracing the goodness of God in their national blessings, the people are confirmed in their calf-worship, and attribute their successes to the influence of Baal. It is their last opportunity, and they see it not. Whom the gods wish to destroy, they first madden. The subsequent history of Israel is one of decline and disaster, until as a nation it becomes extinct. The long and prosperous reign of Jeroboam II. may be regarded as an opportunity for national reform. Observe—
I. That the misfortunes of a nation awaken the Divine compassion. "For the Lord saw the affliction of Israel that it was very bitter" (2Ki ). The Divine compassion seen—
1. In promising help and instruction by a duly authorized messenger. "According to the Word of the Lord God of Israel, which He spake by the hand of His servant Jonah, the son of Amittai, the prophet" (2Ki ). We have no record of the prophecy uttered by Jonah on this occasion, but it doubtless had reference to the victories over the Syrians that would be granted to the arms of Jeroboam, and be accompanied with warnings and instructions to recognise the authority and power of Jehovah. The Lord pitied the ignorance and infatuation of Israel, and the misery which their own sins had brought upon them, and He once more sends His servant to call them to repentance and reformation. A faithful and earnest ministry is a boon to any people, and brings with it a solemn responsibility to all who hear.
2. In suspending the threat of extinction.—"And the Lord said not that He would blot out the name of Israel from under heaven" (2Ki ). The idolatry and corruption of Israel merited the punishment of Jehovah, but in mercy He deferred the desolating stroke to give them space for repentance. The time came when the Divine compassion ceased, and the prophets Hosea, Amos, Micah, and others foretold the ruin that fell on Israel with such terrible force. Reprieves are not pardons. The Lord waits to be gracious; but where impenitence continues, the threatened vengeance will surely fall.
3. In providing a competent deliverer.—"He saved them by the hand of Jeroboam" (2Ki ). Jeroboam was "a man of might" (2Ki 14:28), distinguished by personal prowess and military genius, and by those qualities that make the successful statesman and ruler. Though himself an idolater, he is used as an instrument to deliver Israel and raise the nation to an extraordinary height of prosperity. The Lord has His agents planted in unseen and unexpected quarters. They may seem the most unlikely to carry out His purposes, and may themselves be unconscious of the real drift of the work they are permitted and aided to accomplish.
II. That national prosperity is a token of the Divine beneficence. "He restored the coast, recovered Damascus" (comp. 2Ki ; 2Ki 14:28). The dash and enterprise of Jeroboam roused the nation into new life. The success of his arms at the boundaries of his kingdom ensured protection and peace; and the wheels of commerce, once more set in motion, carried prosperity into every part of the land. Confucius has thus portrayed the signs of national prosperity—
Where spades grow bright, and idle words grow dull;
Where jails are empty, and where barns are full;
Where Church paths are with frequent feet outworn;
Law court-yards weedy, silent, and forlorn;
Where doctors foot it, and where farmers ride;
Where age abounds and youth is multiplied—
Where those signs are, they clearly indicate
A happy people and well-governed State.
Prosperity, like every other blessing, is from God; it is often the severest test applied to the conduct of individuals and of nations. The glitter and glut of prosperity may hide the hand that gives. The heart that adversity could not vitiate has been seduced by the subtle smiles of inconstant prosperity.
III. That national prosperity is abused when it does not lead to national reform. "He did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord; he departed not from all the sins of Jeroboam (2Ki ). As was the king, so were the people. The sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, like a close-fitting Nessus garment, still clung to his idolatrous descendants. The goodness of God, that was intended to lead them to repentance, was misinterpreted as sanctioning and even rewarding their apostacy, and instead of weaning them from their idols, lulled them into a false confidence in the supremacy of Baal. It is sad to see blessings abused, opportunities neglected, warnings disregarded, and a whole nation sinking into the gulf of ruin. How unspeakable is the compassion of Him who observes the follies and sins of mankind, and yet shows Himself more eager to restore than destroy!
1. That prosperity and adversity are tests of fidelity to principle.
2. An opportunity for reformation comes to every indiridual and every nation.
3. The abuse of opportunity intensifies the inveteracy of evil.
2Ki . I. Israel's deep misery (Jer 2:19). II. God's great pity (Psa 103:10; Hos 9:8).—Lange.
—Our faithful God helps us out of trouble, according to His great compassion, even when we have not deserved it of Him; but often not until our distress has reached the highest pitch, and no help is to be expected from any other quarter.
2Ki . Jonah must have been prominent among his order in these stormy times, for we find him the counsellor of Jeroboam in a policy of vigour against Syria. Enthusiastically patriotic, the depression of Israel weighed on his heart. But he did not despair of his country even in its darkest hour. It was under the protection of Jehovah, and must rise again, if it repented and returned to its invisible King. With keen insight into the capacity of the new ruler in Samaria, he recognised him as the deliverer promised by God to save His chosen people, and animated him to take the field against the long-dreaded enemy, by the inspired assurance that he would be victorious, and would even extend the narrow limits of Israel well-nigh to the grandeur of David's empire—from Hamath, in the northern valley of Lebanon, on the Orontes, to the south of the Dead Sea. That Jonah should have been sent on an errand of mercy to a great heathen city (Nineveh) is specially interesting, as the first prominent expression of the Divine love to all mankind found in the Old Testament. The very harshness and exclusive narrowness of the prophet himself heightens the charm of the narrative. God has pity on the great city, although idolatrous; but Jonah is unwilling to carry a message of love outside his own nation. His very conceptions of the Almighty show the imperfect ideas of his time. He thinks to escape from Him by leaving Palestine for a region beyond the sea. And even when forced on his journey, his Jewish bigotry shows itself in his anger that a heathen population should have averted its threatened doom by a timely repentance.—Geikie's Hours with the Bible.
2Ki . God's unfailing interest in His people.—I. He is minutely acquainted with their abject affliction. II. He delays the execution of the judgment their sins deserve. III. He mercifully delivers them from their distress.
2Ki . The reign of this king, which was distinguished by so extraordinary a flow of prosperity, increased the religious apostacy, and by consequence the moral degeneracy, of Israel. Under him the corruption of manners became extreme, and laid the foundation for those public calamities which befel the kingdom soon after his demise, and quickly accomplished the destruction of the nation. Hengstenberg observes: "The prosperity only confirmed the people still more in their temerity. Instead of being led to repentance by the unmerited mercy of God, they considered this prosperity as a reward of their apostacy, as a seal by which Jehovah-Baal confirmed the rectitude of their ways. The false prophets, too, did what was in their power to strengthen them in their delusion, whilst the true prophets preached to deaf ears." Hengstenberg refers in this last sentence to the emphatic warnings addressed to Jeroboam by Hosea and Amos. Although his whole reign was marked by signal successes, notwithstanding that apostacy, which was usually punished by war and loss of national independence, the wrath of God was denounced against Israel, as well as the destruction of the house of Jeroboam, by the two named prophets, whose writings sufficiently attest the faithful execution of their mission.—Jamieson.
2Ki . Jeroboam had striven for the external prosperity of his people, and when he died, he left the kingdom in a more flourishing condition than any previous king of Israel. For its spiritual welfare, however, he had done nothing. Calf-worship and other service of false gods had continued, and a moral rottenness had found entrance, which brought the kingdom near to ruin. So has many a one at his death left to his children treasures which he has won by long labour and care, but those children have not been bred in the fear and love of God, and have not been taught that "the world passeth away," &c. (1Jn 2:17; 1Pe 1:24).—Lange.
Exell, Joseph S. "Commentary on 2 Kings 14:4". Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary. http://odl.studylight.org/commentaries/phc/2-kings-14.html. Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1892.


The Lodge of Resolve Ladies' Festival was held at the Stratford Hotel on the 3rd October and we were delighted to have been there as the official photographers for the evening event. What a lovely group of people to work with – it as an absolute pleasure to work with you all.
All of the photographs from the evening have been added to our Masonic gallery and, for those that bought photos on the night, we have uploaded a complimentary copy to our Facebook page so don't forget to tag yourself.


text:
Események

Nyugat- és Keletrómai Birodalom
III. Valentinianus nyugatrómai császárt és Procopius Anthemiust választják consulnak.
Március 16. - Petronius Maximus, aki részt vett az előző évi összeesküvésben és segített meggyilkolni Flavius Aetiust, mellőzöttsége miatt ráveszi Aetius két hun katonáját, hogy öljék meg III. Valentinianus császárt, valamint riválisát, Heracliust.
Petronius Maximus másnap császárrá kiáltja ki magát és hogy helyzetét megerősítse, feleségül veszi a vonakodó Licinia Eudoxiát, Valentinianus özvegyét. Felbontja Licinia lányának, Eudociának jegyességét Hunerickel, Geiseric vandál király fiával, hogy saját fiával házasítsa össze a lányt.
Geiseric bosszúból hadjáratot kezd szervezni Itália ellen. Amikor ennek híre elér Rómába, pánik tör ki és a rómaiak csapatostul menekülnek vidékre. A felfordulásban Petronius Maximus elsodródik testőrségétől és a tömeg meglincseli, megcsonkított holttestét pedig a Tiberisbe dobják.
Három nappal Petronius halála után, június 2-án a vandálok elérik és megszállják Rómát, majd két héten át fosztogatják, eközben lerombolják épületeit, rabszolgának hurcolják el lakosait. Geiseric foglyul ejti Licinia Eudoxiát és lányait, Placidiát és Eudociát.
Petronius fővezére, Eparchius Avitus ekkor Tolosában, a vizigótok fővárosában tartózkodik, hogy szövetséget kössön II. Theodorik királlyal. Petronius halálának hírére vizigót támogatással császárrá kiáltja ki magát, majd miután megerősíti helyzetét Galliában, szeptember végére megérkezik Rómába.
A Vortigern briton király által befogadott Hengist és Horsa behívja a szászokat és házigazdája ellen fordul. Az aylesfordi csatában legyőzik a britonokat (akik Londonba húzódnak vissza) és (mivel Horsa elesett a csatában) Hengist kikiáltja magát Kent királyának.

India
Meghal I. Kumaragupta, a Gupta Birodalom királya. Utóda fia, Szkandagupta.

Korea
Meghal Piju, Pekcse királya. Utóda legidősebb fia, Kero.

Halálozások
 március 16. – III. Valentinianus, nyugatrómai császár
 május 31. – Petronius Maximus, nyugatrómai császár
 május 31. – Palladius, trónörökös, Petronius fia
 I. Kumaragupta, a Gupta Birodalom királya
 Piju, Pekcse királya
Aquitániai Szent Prosper, keresztény író

Kapcsolódó cikkek
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Fordítás

5. század


Thousands of costumers reacted furiously to Royal Opera House costume head Fay Fullerton's comments that the costume industry is "almost dying" because of a skills shortage – and many of the reasons given prove that this was rightly so.
Firstly, an apology. Many of you believed The Costume Rag endorsed the comment wholeheartedly when we were simply reporting on what had been said in an interview with theatrical magazine The Stage. Indeed we should have taken a more hardline approach to challenging the viewpoint. We reached out to Fay Fullerton and the Royal Opera House press office to question the comments further but received no response from her. Our mission statement is to stand for costumers around the world and to raise awareness of the issues they face, hence we devote a whole category to the profession but this agenda was not made clear in the single article.
Your responses were powerful and passionate, forming the ultimate proof that costume making is not under a threat from skills shortages but through a critical lack of investment and a lack of understanding about the nature of working and training in costume.
You can read the rest of the comments to see the real issues faced by the costume industry under the original article.