I'm lucky. As a classroom teacher I have opportunities for learning all the time…from my students, out in the community, from my colleagues, with my "colleagues at a distance" (on MOOCs and social media), …and at home, from my family… I am surrounded by learning.
On Thursday, we had the opportunity to take our students to the local waste water treatment plant. We've been studying water (something we don't have enough of here in San Diego!) and have a parent in our class who happens to be the deputy mayor in our community. She was eager to make the connection between the study of the properties of water and the water cycle and the municipal responsibilities of getting water to our taps and then treated as the water heads back out into nature's cycle. So when she asked if we'd like to have her arrange a field trip to the water treatment plant just a couple of miles away, we were eager to go.
And even more fun, the water plant manager and the other employees were delighted to have us visit. They had us break into three groups and then took us on a tour of the plant, carefully explaining and describing all the processes in the treatment cycle. We started at the huge digester tanks, filled with the solid waste being cleaned by natural occurring microorganisms. We learned that the temperature of the tanks is about the same as our body temperature when we have a fever…up to about 102 degrees.
After spending 15 days in the digester, the now activated sludge is sent through a process that separates the water from the solids. We watched the belts squeeze out the water and send the dry activated sludge into a truck to be hauled off to Arizona where it is used as fertilizer for livestock crops (alfalfa and the sort).
After than, we got to walk through the lab…and take a peek at all the science equipment in use. We noticed test tubes and vials, everything scientists need to test hypotheses, collect data, and carefully examine what is going on with the water they care for. We also got to see samples of the different stages of water cleaning. (They use a three-part process to get water to the recycled stage) Dale carefully explained each step in the water cleaning process to our young students.
We learned about the way that air is used to clean water…and watched the water bubble with the air pumped through it.
I hadn't thought about the technology of keeping odors at a minimum, but this space ship looking thing cleans smells from the air before it goes back into the air.
Once water goes through the primary, secondary, and tertiary processes, it gets to the recycled water state…for use in landscaping and on golf courses. This stage flows into the purple pipes that carry this water throughout our community, but at the plant the water flows through these white pipes that will eventually meet up with the purple ones!
And whatever recycled water is not needed for the purple pipes is piped out into the ocean, joining the salt water and becoming part of our natural water cycle once again. The ducks have decided that this is a great place to hang out…right across the street from the lagoon! I think they see this place as their own private spa!
So…what have you learned this week? Maybe it's a longer story of a particular place…or a snippet that caught your fancy and taught you something new.
You can post your photo alone or along with some words: commentary, a story, a poem…maybe even a song! I love to study the photographs that others' take and think about how I can use a technique, an angle, or their inspiration to try something new in my own photography. (I love a great mentor text…or mentor photo, in this case!) I share my photography and writing on social media. You can find me on Instagram and Twitter using @kd0602. If you share your photos and writing on social media too, please let me know so I can follow and see what you are doing. To help our Weekly Photo community find each other, use the hashtag #learning for this week and include @nwpianthology in your post.
I'm looking forward to learning from you this week…pinpoint something you learned this week and share that learning with the rest of us through your lens!
This entry was posted in clmooc, Weekly Photo Challenge and tagged ducks, Field trip, learning, photo essay, photography, science, sludge, water treatment, writing on October 24, 2015 by kd0602.
Is a Happy Place Always Happy?
Every so often we take a walk down memory lane and head 70 miles north to visit the happiest place on earth…that's right, Disneyland. As someone who grew up in southern California, I have been going to Disneyland since I was a small child and my father's military status got us in at reduced costs. (My father never went after his first visit, but my mother took us regularly–especially when relatives visited from out of state.) And yes, I even spent my honeymoon in the Magic Kingdom.
My husband loves to visit Disneyland during the fall when the park is decked out in all its Halloween finery…after all, his birthday is on Halloween. So since we had a weekend off, we headed to Disneyland on Saturday–in spite of the predictions of record high temperatures–to enjoy the park, rides some rides, watch some parades, and view some fireworks. We started early and stayed late…all in the name of fun!
Disneyland is constantly changing–and some things never change, like the French Quarter in New Orleans Square where we headed after our first few rides (and lines) for a cool mint julep and Micky-shaped beignets.
But like an evil twin or a twisted pair, this happy place also has an ugly underside. There are long lines–in spite of fast passes and a handy app that tells you the wait time for each ride, rides that break down just as you get to the front of the line (Space Mountain and the Matterhorn!), rides that pause for no apparent reason (we heard it was to accommodate handicapped visitors), expensive food and drink, and the grumpiness that comes from a long day in the hot sun, in long lines, with unexpected frustrations.
I did find my patience tested–and it required effort on my part to stay even-tempered and polite. But those qualities were also rewarded. Somehow, along the crowded Main Street, we found ourselves in perfect position to watch the daytime parade.
and Peter Pan up close and expressive!
or a free choice fast pass as compensation for the ride breaking and us waiting out the minor repair until it became major.
and capped with a display of spectacular fireworks, projections on buildings…and even snowfall on an evening that was still 86 degrees at 10pm in mid-October!
I had fun and I was exhausted. There were spectacular sights and episodes of commercialism and overindulgence that made me cringe. I revisited the past and peeked into the future, and still wonder how this place will accommodate more visitors when it is already crowded beyond belief!
I enjoyed my Disneyland trip on Saturday…but I won't need to return for a while.
So, can one place be a twisted pair? And is your happy place always happy?
This entry was posted in clmooc, photography, Slice of Life and tagged disneyland, fireworks, happy place, parades, photo essay, postaday, twisted pair, writing on October 12, 2015 by kd0602.


Brad and Eliza's wedding was so wonderful - and I know we have you to thank for so much of the ease of celebration and relaxing and enjoyable time had by all! Everything was absolutely perfect! Thank you for the large part you played in making our wedding memories phenomenal- so very special!


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IIMs will be autonomous, yet accountable
Cabinet approves Indian Institute of Management Bill, 2017. IIMs to be declared as Institutions of National Importance
GN Bureau | January 24, 2017
#IIM #Union Cabinet #Indian Institute of Management #Institutions of National Importance
Indian Institutes of Management will now be able to grant degrees to their students.
The union cabinet chaired by prime minister Narendra Modi has approved the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Bill, 2017, under which the IIMs would be declared as Institutions of National Importance.
Read: "We should be challenging Harvard in 10 to 15 years"
IIMs are the country's premier institutions imparting best quality education in management on globally benchmarked processes of education and training in management. All IIMs are separate autonomous bodies registered under the Societies Act.
Being societies, IIMs are not authorized to award degrees and, hence, they have been awarding Post Graduate Diploma and Fellow Programme in Management. While these awards are treated as equivalent to MBAs and PhD, respectively, the equivalence is not universally acceptable, especially for the Fellow Programme.
Read: Are IIMs world-class?
Salient features of the IIM Bill:
IIMs can grant degrees to their students
The Bill provides for complete autonomy to the Institutions, combined with adequate accountability.
Management of these Institutions would be Board driven, with the Chairperson and Director of an Institution which will be selected by the Board.
A greater participation of experts and alumni in the Board is amongst other important features of the Bill.
Provision has also been made for inclusion of women and members from Scheduled Castes/Tribes in the Board.
The Bill also provides for periodic review of the performance of Institutions by independent agencies, and placing the results of the same on public domain.
The Annual Report of the Institutions will be placed in the Parliament and CAG will be auditing their accounts.
There is also a provision of Coordination Forum of IIMs as an advisory body.
#IIM
#Union Cabinet
#Indian Institute of Management
#Institutions of National Importance

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Get notified by email when Swedish Dishcloth - Sailboats becomes available.
This marvelously absorbent Sailboat Swedish Dishcloth is a wonder in the kitchen. You'll never want to go back to sponges or regular dishcloths when you see how it works for yourself. Made of eco-friendly odor-resistant materials, 70% cellulose and 30% cotton, these Swedish washcloths are durable (just wash it in your washing machine or top rack of dishwasher). These natural Swedish Cleaning Cloths soften when wet and wash and dry like a dream - they absorb 16 times their weight and once wrung out, the cloth will quick dry. They have multiple uses from cleaning various items in the kitchen to a washcloth in the bath. The design on this Swedish Cloth features blue and green sailboats.


Since arriving in London one word keeps coming to mind when searching to describe taste in this legendary city; and that is texture. The architecture of London, the weather and what its inhabitants wear, all hold in common an elegant grit. Tweet suits, quilted jackets, knitted cardigans, corduroy pants, rubber boots, wax cottons and of course checks, fill the traditional British fashion landscape. A language of layered patterns; texture on textures.
Visually this is akin to the experience of entering an exotic carpet store, where decorative rugs line the walls and gather on the floors. In London's Piccadilly the iconic store Essie trades in the finest of such objects, and it was in this environment that Paul Smith chose to preview The British Collection during the current London Collections: Men AW 2014.
Intermingled with the hypnotic carpets and rugs Paul Smith displayed on wooden mannequins a collection that embellishes and enhances traditional British ideals through the luxury of layering textures. Glen Checks, often referred to as The Prince of Wales Check, morphed over jackets, vests and pants, while business shirts we re-made in a soft chambray. Overcoats seemed even more protective in dark quilted denims, while scarfs and handkerchiefs reflected the gold and burgundy ogees in the surrounding lavish rugs.
Paul Smith's innovations on this British uniform are thanks to the brand's keen relationship with the Clissold Mill of Yorkshire. Through this partnership contemporary design has joined forces with age old craftsmanship to rejuvenate tradition, producing new ways to weave cloth and imagination into dressing.


Bova V Arthur Jr Attorney is one of lawyers - adoption divorce & family law (landscape equipment & supplies dealers) we can find in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Located at 5716 Osuna Road Northeast, 87109. You can contact them by phone at (505)881-5225.
10 website users and contributor has written a review about Bova V Arthur Jr Attorney. Scroll down the page to see them. Remember, don't always believe info on internet, to see the real condition of Bova V Arthur Jr Attorney, please visit the real place.


Eastern Maine's Cobscook Bay State Park (US Route 1, Dennysville; 207-726-4412) is perhaps best known for its camping; this 888-acre park offers 106 tent and RV campsites with hot showers, many of which are right on the ocean. The park is surrounded by the waters of Cobscook and Whiting Bays and is home to more than 200 species of birds – in fact, it's part of the Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge. Visitors can beachcomb and clam during the impressive low tides and walk along the coastline to Passamoquody Bay. Camping season runs from May through October and pets are welcome. Entrance fees start at $3 for adult residents, $4.50 for non-residents, $1.50 for seniors, and $1 for children.
Located near Bar Harbor, Lamoine State Park (23 State Park Road, Ellsworth; 207-667-4778) offers a quieter, calmer and less-crowded alternative to busy, nearby Acadia National Park. This state park is known for its boating opportunities, as well as its proximity to some of the most popular vacation destinations in the state. The park encompasses 55 acres of oceanfront land and has its own boat launch on Frenchman Bay that's open during the summer months. Visitors can camp along the seaside bluffs, fish, sea kayaking and watch for wildlife at this scenic spot. Dogs are welcome. Entrance fees start at $3 for adult residents, $4.50 for non-residents, $1.50 for seniors, and $1 for children.
Quoddy Head State Park (973 South Lubec Road, Lubec; 207-733-0911) is open from May 15 through October 15. This 541-acre park –which sits at the tip of the easternmost peninsula in the U.S. – is perhaps best known for its wildlife watching opportunities; summer visitors may glimpse minke, humpback and fin whales, while migrating sea birds flock to the area throughout the year. The West Quoddy Head Light was built in 1808 and overlooks New Brunswick on the other side of the Quoddy Channel. Visitors can walk the one-mile trail through the park's boggy wetlands and explore the beach. Leashed pets are allowed. Entrance fees start at $2 for adult residents, $3 for non-residents, $1 for seniors and $1 for children.
Roque Bluff State Park (145 Schoppee Point Road, Roque Bluffs; 207-255-3475) encompasses 274 acres on Schoppee Point. It has a saltwater swimming beach on English Bay, a freshwater beach on Simpson Pond, a playground, picnic areas and 6 miles of trails that wind through forest, fields, orchards and along the seashore. Rent kayaks and explore the pond or try your hand at fishing. The park doesn't allow dogs on the beach. Entrance fees start at $3 for adult residents, $4.50 for non-residents, $1.50 for seniors and $1 for children.
Shackford Head State Park (Deep Cove Road, Eastport; 207-941-4014) sits on a 90-acre peninsula in Cobscook Bay. The undeveloped area is crisscrossed with hiking trails that wind along the coast, offering birdwatching and beachcombing opportunities. Bring a picnic and keep your dog on a 4-foot-or-less-long leash. Entrance fees start at $2 for adult residents, $3 for non-residents and $1 for seniors and children.


⊙In conjunction with the university's goal of becoming a research-intensive university, the Office will continue to build up well-constructed regulations, laws, and rules for research development and management.l or material sciences.
⊙Assisting the university in integrating internal and external resources, and and facilitating cross-collegiate cooperation in research.
⊙To build up well-constructed research database for the index of university development.
⊙To establish more advanced core instruments and an appropriate environment for academic faculties in their research and teaching.
⊙To upgrade the service via continuous training of operators in the core instruments in a mission-oriented way.
⊙To set up facilities including transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, laser scanning confocal microscope, and so forth.
⊙To maintain all facilities in a good condition or replace, if necessary, them with a newer setting-up.
⊙To provide technical service in preparation of specimens and operation of facilities in the center.
⊙To arrange training courses for all colleagues who are interested in using facilities in the center.
⊙To meet the experimental requirement of each researcher for animal research.
⊙To advance the research quality of the university via promoting high-level transgenic animal investigation.
⊙To ensure that the animal husbandry and research of the university meet the national standard.


Independent trials were conducted by a Perth Quarry to determine the accuracy of the C-Gap against traditionally used lead weights. The results were positive over the tested CSS range of 8mm to 18mm, with the C-Gap consistently within +/-1mm of the lead weight.
Additional trials at a large Australian copper / gold mine also led to the primary crusher CSS being reduced from 120mm to 95mm due to the ability to accurately determine the CSS on a shift basis. This allowed the CSS to be reduced closer to the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) recommended setting, rather than continue to operate with a significantly larger safety buffer. By reducing the CSS, the crusher was able to be choke fed and resulted in a reduction in product size, and ultimately a 5% increase in mill throughput.
To date a total of 21 C-Gap units have been sold to ten countries, covering a wide range of commodities and crushers; ranging from 6mm CSS scats crushers to 220mm CSS gyratory's on 30m hoses to large scale iron ore mines.
Mintap has set up distribution in South America, and is currently assessing opportunities in North America and Africa to gain further exposure to these markets and further improve customer service.


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Newsom budget will bolster California's abortion-sanctuary status
The Democratic governor will also announce an incentive program for companies located in states with abortion bans.
Gov. Gavin Newsom will share more details about his relocation plan for companies when he unveils his May budget proposal. | AP Photo/Rich Pedroncelli, Pool
By Victoria Colliver
Gov. Gavin Newsom wants California to spend an extra $57 million to prepare for an expected influx of patients from states hostile to abortion, according to new details released by his administration Wednesday.
This brings to $125 million the additional funding the governor wants to dedicate in the coming fiscal year on abortion services. The Democratic governor will also announce an incentive program for companies to relocate to California from states with abortion bans, Newsom administration officials said.
"California will not stand idly by as extremists roll back our basic constitutional rights; we're going to fight like hell, making sure that all women — not just those in California — know that this state continues to recognize and protect their fundamental rights," Newsom said in a statement Wednesday.
The release by POLITICO last week of an early draft opinion of the Supreme Court's majority opinion overturning the landmark Roe. v Wade decision has raised the stakes for blue states like California that have been positioning themselves as abortion sanctuaries.
Newsom's latest proposal calls for $40 million in grants to reproductive health care providers to help cover costs for low- and moderate-income patients who don't have abortion coverage and $15 million to help reproductive rights organizations get the word out about services in California.
Newsom will share more details about his relocation plan for companies when he unveils his May budget proposal on Friday. At a press briefing last week at Los Angeles' Planned Parenthood headquarters, he questioned the wisdom of some companies like Tesla that have vowed to cover travel expenses for employees seeking abortions not offered in their home states.
"To all those businesses, the idea that you're moving your companies to states, and then you have to pay for your employees to travel back to the states you made them move, maybe they should start reconsidering some of those decisions," he said.
Newsom in January committed $68 million to such projects as improving security at clinics that provide abortions, helping abortion providers with scholarships and loan repayments and subsidizing the cost of abortion care for Covered California consumers due to federal payment limitations for abortion coverage.
The governor said he will work with lawmakers on a package of bills introduced early this year in anticipation of a Supreme Court decision reversing Roe v Wade. The bills are based on policy recommendations from the Future of Abortion Council, which Newsom created last fall in the wake of a Texas law to prohibit abortions as early as six weeks.
U.S. Supreme Court,
Gavin Newsom,


Last week, @voxdolo and I were faced with a problem: our application needed to make 3 API calls at once, and while two of the services were ok (finishing in three seconds or so), the third would take up to 8 seconds to retrieve it's data. When done synchronously this meant on a good day we'd get out in 14 seconds, which is simply unacceptable.
After deciding we didn't want to manage threads ourselves, we discovered the excellent Peach library. Peach, which stands for parallel each, is an insert and go parallelized each (via .peach) for arrays, not to mention map (.pmap) and select (.pselect). Simply replace the standard ruby method calls you need to be asynchronous with the peach equivalent, and you're good to go.
So while the name is only clever for the basic each, the lib is still awesome for quickly tackling async actions.
With a little UX love and the now 8 second data retrieval, we were able to make this workflow intuitive to the user (and less painful in development). Huzzah.
One caveat: In using this with MRI, you will see a slight decrease in speed of an individual process, however in our case, the gains have been dramatic.


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You can find the ideal Broxbourne man with a van for your house or office move by giving our company a call today! Our DA11 man and van hire service is one of our most popular because every EN7 man and a van that we work with is dependable, professional, experienced and friendly! Our prices are low and competitive, and no matter what it is you're looking for from your HA9 man and van London you're sure to be able to find it with our help! Our KT23 removal company can help you with all of your moving needs, so hire your moving help from us today!
If you're worried about your moving day then hiring a professional Broxbourne removals company is a great idea for you, your family or your employees if you're planning for an office move! Tom and Jerry is one of the most popular Surbiton moving companies in the area, and we can help you with our range of high-quality and affordable EN10 removal services! Find your ideal TW17 removal van, TW7 man and van, home pack service and more with the help of our experts! To find out more information about our prices and services just pick up the phone and give us a call today on 020 8746 4515!
When it comes to moving abroad you should definitely hire a Broxbourne UK removals specialist to give you the help and support that you need.
Our company operates some fantastic DA11 moving in London services, but it's our international moving help that really sets us apart from other EN7 removals companies! Our moving abroad services include HA9 European removals and KT23 France moving services, and we can even help you with your packing needs thanks to our professional IG2 packing service! No matter what it is you need for your moving day, our company can help you, so why not speak to one of our team members today to find out more?
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Our Barking removal company is here to help you with your moving needs, so get in touch now to get your KT6 removal quote and find out how much money you can save if you're moving around the TW20 area!


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Opinion & AnalysisBolivarian Project
Latin America and Socialism of the 21st Century
The most advanced political struggles in the world today are taking place in Latin America, specifically in Cuba and Venezuela where forces representing the working class have conquered state power, broken with imperialism and continue to consolidate their own revolutions and assist the leftward advance across the continent.
By Stephen MacAvoy - Socialist Action
Jun 28th 2011 at 10.47am
Socialists should wholly identify with the leadership of the Cuban revolution, with Fidel Castro in particular, and with Hugo Chávez in Venezuela which are leaderships that seek to represent the interests of the working class and oppressed worldwide.
First upturn in world politics for 30 years
The advance of the class struggle in Latin America over the past decade was the first indication of an up-turn in the world political situation after the 1990s period of retreat following the destruction of the Soviet Union, the advance of capitalism into Eastern Europe and in Latin America including the defeat of the Nicaraguan revolution.
At its most advanced level this is reflected in revolutionary forces taking power in Venezuela and Bolivia, joining those already in power in Cuba. Additionally other left currents have made advances in Ecuador, Brazil, Nicaragua, Argentina, Peru and other countries, all willing to various degrees to stand up to the demands of imperialism and try to improve their population's living standards.
Breaking with imperialism is a necessary requirement for advancing the living conditions in Latin American, where political, social and economic development has been subordinated to the United States for over a hundred years and before that to the demands of Spain and Portugal, whose empires had carved up the continent from the 16th century.
By 1998, when Hugo Chávez was first elected President in Venezuela, US domination of the continent meant over 40% of the population of Latin America – more than 200 million people – were living in poverty and the continent was going backwards. As US economist Mark Weisbrot has explained, Latin America was experiencing a sharp slowdown in economic growth. The neo-liberal shock therapy – first tried and tested in Chile following the US-backed military coup against its elected left government in 1973 – had been extended throughout the continent. As a result, from 1980 to 2000, Latin America per capita growth was only 9% compared to 82% during the preceding 20 years. To find a growth performance of Latin America that is even close to that level of failure, one has to go back more than a century, and choose a 25-year period that includes both World War I and the start of the Great Depression.
Left shifts
This period of economic stagnation ended around the year 2000 as a series of countries broke from the IMF and World Bank imposed neo-liberal policies that primarily served the economic interests of the United States. This has led to big improvements in living standards over the past decade, with the greatest improvements being in the countries most prepared to resist imperialism's demands – Venezuela and Cuba.
In Venezuela the defeat of the 2002 US-inspired coup against Hugo Chávez gave new momentum to the Venezuelan revolution in decisively smashing the forces of the old regime. This allowed the revolution to concentrate on delivering spectacular gains for the population – extensive health care and education and other social support, in particular. This has been accompanied by a strong anti-imperialist stand both in relation to defending its own sovereignty and in standing up internationally against imperialism's efforts to impose its will on other semi-colonial countries.
Linked to this forward momentum in Venezuela was the victory for Evo Morales' Movement Towards Socialism in Bolivia, re-affirmed in subsequent elections and in the defeat of a number of pro-imperialist, right-wing mobilisations and attempted civil conflicts. In South America's poorest nation, revolutionary forces led by Morales draw their support primarily from the two-thirds of the population who are indigenous. A small white elite had previously enriched itself and foreign companies through control of Bolivia's vast gas wealth – the second largest in Latin America – whilst the indigenous majority lived in deep poverty, denied basic education and medical services. Morales has nationalised natural resources and, with Bolivia's economic growth in the last four years higher than at any time in the last 30 years, Morales has used this to initiate social programmes for the poor, including free medical care, social security for new mothers and the elderly and a massive programme for literacy that includes payments to low-income families to make sure their children can attend school.
In Ecuador, the election of Rafael Correa led to the scrapping of a major US military base (demanding one in return in Miami "If there's no problem having foreign soldiers on a country's soil") as well as a major increase in social spending, guaranteed rights to indigenous communities and other progressive measures such as same sex partnership rights through a new constitution. In Nicaragua, the re-election of former leader of the revolution Daniel Ortega in 2006 has also seen a number of social advances including the introduction of free healthcare and eradication of illiteracy through close collaboration with Cuba and Venezuela. However its progressive character is undermined somewhat by measures such as the ban on abortion introduced under pressure from the Catholic Church.
While less advanced politically, the 2002 decision by Argentina to default on its debt, in the context of rising mass struggle against the impact of austerity, and its refusal to give into the IMF's demands for an immediate hugely expensive debt-restructure and then its 2005 withdrawal from the IMF was an important defeat for the US-run neo-liberal international economic order imposed on the semi-colonial world through its agents in the IMF and World Bank.
In Brazil, following his election in late 2002, Lula and his Workers' Party (PT) avoided a similar line of confrontation with the IMF, but its sabre-rattling did force concessions. At the same time, Lula took a left line on a range of international issues, attacking Bush's 'private war' in Iraq and, most decisively, distancing Brazil from the US-driven demonisation of Iran. In 2010, Brazil and Turkey spearheaded an attempt to prevent a further round of UN sanctions on Iran by negotiating a compromise agreement with the Iranian government on its nuclear development. Brazil has also diversified itself away from economic dependence on the United States, and in 2010 China overtook the US as the main recipient of Brazilian exports.
The victory for Dilma Rousseff in the October 2010 presidential elections compounded the defeat for the right in the elections to the Brazilian Congress and State legislatures earlier in the year. In the latter elections the Workers' Party with its coalition partners increased their representation, including taking firm control of the Senate for the first time.
Most recently, in June 2011, was the victory of Ollanta Humala in Peru's presidential election marking a further consolidation of the left in South America, a defeat for the right-wing current cited as the alternative by those opposed to the continent's leftwards shift and a further weakening of the United States' influence in the region, electing and rejecting the pro-US and free market party that has governed that country (see articlehere).
Uniting against US domination
The process of greater resistance to US domination being expressed in the region has not just occurred on a country by country basis: there are attempts at creating greater regional integration. A Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) has been set up to better withstand the United States' ability to divide and rule in the region.
A South American Defence Council has also been established "based on the principles of non-intervention, sovereignty and territoriality" and its anti-imperialist character was underlined with Brazil's foreign minister making clear last year that "a NATO presence in the South Atlantic would be inappropriate".
Furthermore a Community of Latin American and Caribbean States is currently being established including all the sovereign countries of the Americas, except for Canada and the United States. The significance of this can be best understood by contrasting it with the Organization of America States, the main political body of the Americas over the past 50 years, which was headquartered in Washington and which expelled Cuba in 1962 reflecting its US dominance.
No to US interference
The United States has responded to these progressive developments by strengthening its military presence in the region. US domination of the continent has often relied on military intervention, both overt and covert, or through military support to reactionary local allies – with at least 50 such interventions in the past century. This includes the overthrow of the progressive Chilean government of Salvador Allende in 1973 (see video) and support for a murderous regime in Argentina that killed tens of thousands; billions of dollars of military assistance to a death-squad backed regime in El Salvador; organising Contra mercenary forces in Nicaragua to defeat its revolution; invading Grenada in 1983; the Bush Administration's role in the 2004 coup d'état of Haiti and US backing for the coup attempts in Venezuela, Ecuador and Honduras over the past decade.
With the US militarily currently bogged down in Afghanistan and still deployed in Iraq, Latin America has had some breathing space. Despite this the US has re-established its Fourth Navy Fleet for the first time in 50 years. This patrols the waters surrounding Latin America and the Caribbean and includes nuclear submarines. It has been pursuing military bases in Colombia that US Air Force documents make clear are for "mobility operations... on the South American continent" and against the "constant threat" from "anti-US governments" and "radical populism" (though these bases are now stalled after the Colombian Supreme Court ruled them illegal). Last year the US military sent 7,000 marines, five planes and 46 warships to Costa Rica under the cover of 'counter-narcotics', the same basis on which the US has provided more than $7bn mainly in military aid since 2000 to Colombia to build up a reliable dominant regional military force much as the US did with Egypt and Israel in the Middle East. The funds continued to flow despite the increasing human rights claims against Colombia's military, including thousands of non-combatant related deathsfollowing Uribe taking office in 2002.
The US also continues to fund right-wing oppositions, often under the hypocritical claim of "democracy promotion". The sums are often colossal. For example the US State Department acknowledges channelling over $40 million to the Venezuelan opposition in the past three years alone, primarily to electoral campaignsagainst President Chávez. This would be the equivalent of giving over £200m to an opposition party in Britain and funding is being increased ahead of Venezuela's 2012 Presidential election! Last year a coup attempt against President Correa in Ecuador was backed by groups which have received US funding.
However, so far the US has made only limited gains in turning back the progressive direction of events in the continent; namely in Honduras where a US military base was used during a coup in 2009 to illegally remove the progressive President, Manuela Zelaya, from the country. The Obama administration's subsequent refusal to oppose the military ousting by cutting off its vast military aid allowed the coup d'état to succeed but even the military coup government has suffered opposition and setbacks with Zelaya returning to the country in June 2011 and the National Resistance Front becoming a legal party.
Given the progressive role these struggles in Latin America play internationally, solidarity with them is a priority for all socialists.
VENEZUELA AND CUBA - LEADING THE STRUGGLE FOR SOCIALISM IN THE 21ST CENTURY
What is taking place in Venezuela is the first self-defined and conscious attempt to create a socialist society since the 1979 Sandinista revolution in Nicaragua.
Venezuela was also the first offensive struggle at a state level for nearly 30 years. That is already momentous. After a quarter of a century the working class is waging a direct struggle for state power.
Furthermore the Venezuelan Revolution has the specific form of being the first successful taking of state power essentially through urban insurrection since the Russian Revolution of 1917 and its immediate aftermath.
Its decisive point arose from defensive action taken to defeat the coup against Chávez in April 2002, but form is not decisive. The essence of the issue is that over one million people descended onto the streets, a number of them armed. The rank and file soldiers joined the insurrection, resulting in the top echelons of the army supporting the coup being isolated and crushed as is so powerfully seen in the film The Revolution Will Not Be Televised.
Imperialism and its allies in the Venezuelan oligarchy then tried to oust Chávez though sabotaging the oil industry – the country's main source of revenue with Venezuela home to some of the largest oil reserves in the world. Petroleum output fell a third, the economy shrank by 25% in just a few months and poverty soared, the hope being to create sufficient economic hardship that the population would turn against Chávez. The sabotage continued for two months, but mass support for Chávez, including millions of people taking to the streets of Caracas to defend the government, resulted in the lock-out being defeated.
These events created the unique opportunity of the Venezuelan Revolution; the core of the capitalist state power, the military reaction, was defeated and key elements of the economy were under government control.
Many difficulties remain, with the counter-revolution still maintaining some grip on parts of the state apparatus, outside of the army, including in large parts of the civil service, the police, the private media, (which despite propaganda claims to the contrary is overwhelmingly in the hands of an opposition that regularly calls for the overthrow of Chávez) and in capitalist-owned sections of the economy. They are also able to organise some bases of opposition to Chávez amongst the masses in the slums and in working class areas.
However, since the insurrection of April 2002 revolutionary power has spread into wider and wider layers of society. Control of the oil sector has enabled the government to invest tens of billions of dollars towards improving the living standards of the population, with notable achievements in healthcare and education.
In just over a decade, free health care has been extended to 20 million people, saving 100,000s of lives. Infant mortality is significantly down and life expectancy has increased. Government policies have halved extreme poverty and malnutrition. By creating free education for all, millions have learnt to read and write for the first time and there has been a three-fold increase in the numbers of students attending university.
The urban character of the Venezuelan Revolution reflects that it was a much more economically advanced society than China or Vietnam at the beginning of their more rural-led revolutions. This means it is also able to rapidly integrate the economic and social needs of the Venezuelan people with more advanced ideas of universal human liberation. The Chávez government has placed the position of women, the fight against racism and anti-imperialism at the centre of the revolution, as well as advancing disability rights and tackling homophobia.
Decades of social chaos under the Venezuelan opposition
Whilst undoubtedly impressive, the very fact that the Chávez-led government has had to focus on dealing with the population's most basic needs brings into sharp focus how the imperialist domination of Venezuela, in collaboration with the Venezuelan oligarchy, led to huge social and economic underdevelopment.
For example, in the half century prior to Chávez coming to power, Venezuela's average annual growth rate was just 0.4% - less than a quarter that of Latin America's other major economies. Worse still, income per head in the country was actually falling for a quarter of a century until Chávez broke the Venezuelan opposition's stranglehold over the oil industry in 2003. World Bank figures show that income per head in Venezuela was $3,966 in 2003 down from $6,521 in 1977, a previous high point until a neo-liberal programme of mass privatisation was imposed in the 1980s caused economic and social chaos.
As a result, by 1996 poverty hit 70% and extreme poverty reached 40% of households despite the country's vast oil wealth! Public spending fell from a high of 37% of GDP in 1982 to 16% in 1998 and Venezuela's human development index was falling.
Protests against these disastrous policies were met by attacks on democracy and human rights. Infamously, on 27 February 1989, a bloody massacre by state security forces left 276 dead according to official figures, and up to 3,000 according to unofficial sources following the discovery of secret mass graves.
In contrast, the social transformation of Venezuela under the Chávez government has been able to proceed while extending democratic rights. In fact more elections have been held under Chávez than in the previous 50 years of opposition rule. Today the main threat to democracy comes from external military intervention, civil war and the opposition. A process is therefore unfolding in Venezuela which combines social progress and democracy – a deeply attractive model in all countries.
Venezuela has been at the core of developing new Latin American bodies to increase collaboration and weaken US domination mentioned previously. Chávez has also sought to use the oil wealth of Venezuela to extend social progress globally.
Across Latin America, it is working with Cuba to extend free healthcare, for example through free operations to restore sight to more than one million people with treatable eye conditions. Venezuela is also providingdiscounted fuel to Caribbean nations to aid their social development.
Hugo Chávez has also taken a strongly anti-imperialist stand internationally, underlined by his early and consistent opposition to the current imperialist offensive in Libya. Chávez was the only world leader to expel Israel's ambassador over its war on Gaza and withdrew his senior diplomats from Israel in response to its 2006 invasion of Lebanon.
This course allows a clear identification of the character of the forces leading the social transformation in Venezuela. This is not a process where one fights on the same side as other forces against imperialism despite fundamental disagreement and contradictions with them – as was the case for example with the unequivocal necessity to fight on the same side as Stalin against the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union or Khomeini against the Shah of Iran. The current leading the Venezuelan Revolution today is a political current that we are part of, that we identify with.
Does the character of the Venezuelan leadership mean that victory is certain? Not remotely: defeat is always possible. However, the main challenge facing Venezuela is not the political character of its leadership, it is the difficult matter of how to continue to build a society that meets the material interests of its people.
The huge increase in social investment that has transformed health and education, which contributed to the enormous margin of victory in the 2006 presidential election, now needs to be applied to ensuring a continuing improvement of living standards and to finding solutions in the massive shanty towns to the problems of crime, traffic congestion, waste and inadequate public transport, which have affected Chávez's levels of support in some of the big cities.
The inadequate economic policies proposed by some within the government in the wake of the international financial crisis unnecessarily weakened the economic situation through too small a stimulus programme and allowed some strengthening of the Venezuelan opposition, which made some gains in the September 2010 legislative elections. Stimulus like those underway in China and Bolivia which have boosted growth should be adopted.
There is time to turn this around before the 2012 presidential elections but it requires a more decisive economic policy focused on investment to boost growth and productivity, to create jobs and continue lifting living standards.
However not withstanding this, the overall trajectory means that there are now two places, and one political current, that socialists should be part of and identify with – in Cuba and Venezuela.
The recent advances in Latin America have been greatly aided by the Cuban revolutionary leadership, the most politically advanced leadership in the world today.
It has both learnt from and contributed greatly to the international Marxist movement. Cuba has adopted lessons from Marx to the Chinese Revolution, from Lenin to the anti-colonial struggle in Africa. The Cuban Revolution is able to draw upon its vast experience including its own revolutionary victory in the context of the Cold War, US interventions and blockade, dirty tricks and assassination attempts on its leaders and dealing with a brutal US blockade.
Despite this it has not only raised the living standards of its own people but has played a remarkable revolutionary and anti-imperialist role internationally. Its fundamentally correct starting point is that the main enemies of humanity today are the imperialist ruling classes and their imperialist domination of the world, and that the main task of the international proletarian movement is to support every struggle against this. The Cuban Revolution has championed women's rights, has an exemplary record on anti-racism and its earlier backwardness on lesbian and gay rights has been reversed.
Achievements of the Cuban Revolution
Prior to the Revolution in 1959, three quarters of the land was in the hands of a tiny handful of the population and most of the sugar cane production – the main industry – was controlled by the US which also dominated most of the islands trade. Cuba was a playground for wealthy US bankers and businesses who visited the island for its casinos and brothels.
In contrast huge numbers lived in poverty - over a quarter of the population was fully unemployed and many more faced seasonal unemployment. Only one-third of Cubans had running water and less than one in ten had free health care. In the countryside, where 40% of the population lived, it was even worse. Only 4% of Cuban peasants ate meat or fish regularly; less than 2% eggs, 3% bread, 11% milk and fewer than one in ten had electricity. Over half the population could not read or write and 61% of the children did not go to school.
Following the revolution, priority was given to raising the living standards of the people. Land was transferred to small farmers and landless rural workers. Free education was expanded and a literacy campaign was launched that eradiated illiteracy within a year despite a quarter of the population previously being unable to read and write. Today all Cubans are guaranteed cheap food, social security, and education up to and including university level.
Cuba also has free and universal healthcare and the highest doctor-to-population ratio in the world. As a result life expectancy has increased since the revolution from 58 to 78 – higher than in the US. The previously widespread problem of child mortality today is lower than in the US. As Cuba's Minister of Foreign Affairs to the UN Human Rights Council said earlier this year:
"Every day, 29,000 children die of hunger and preventable diseases and 100,000 deaths a day from causes related to malnutrition... If the developing countries had infant and maternal mortality rates like those of Cuba, 8.4 million children and 500,000 mothers would be saved annually."
Today Cuba is seeking to further raise living standards by adopting new economic policies similar to those of the Chinese economic model which have delivered historically high levels of growth.
Cuba has made internationalism central to its revolution, demonstrating in its actions that it seeks to do everything possible to advance the interests of humanity. Che Guevara became a symbol of this international solidarity through assisting a number of struggles against colonialism and oppression in the 1960s.
Cuba's greatest act of revolutionary solidarity was its military and medical support for Angola following the invasion by Apartheid South African troops backed by Washington, in 1975. In total 375,000 Cuban's volunteered, and over 2,000 lost their lives, against Apartheid forces.
The defeat of the Apartheid army in the decisive Battle of Cuito Cuanavale in 1987 – at its time the largest military engagement in Africa since the North African battles of the Second World War – became the turning point in the struggle against Apartheid. The crushing blow for South Africa troops in Angola meant the regime was decisively weakened at home, leading to its subsequent downfall. It is for this reason Nelson Mandela thanked Cuba and has said "If it was not for Cuba, I would not be a free man today. If it was not for Cuba, Apartheid would never have been defeated" and Cuba was the first country he visited on his release from prison, a moment recorded in this video.
Cuba today provides extensive international medical aid which benefits millions of people every year in Africa, Asia and Latin America and is estimated to have saved more than 4.4 million lives. There are more than 30,000 Cuban medical personnel working in 70 countries across the globe and over 10,000 students from developing countries receive scholarships to learn at Cuban medical schools. Cuban doctors were the first on the scene in Haiti after its 2010 earthquake, treating more than 250,000 people and unlike aid from many other countries they remain there today; Cuba sent 2,500 doctors, nurses and technicians to assist the victims of the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan. Cuba has even restored the sight of the soldier who shot dead Che Guevara!
The Cuban leadership has kept its socialist revolution moving forward and maintained the support of its population through 50 years of blockade, economic isolation and frenzied opposition from the most powerful state in the world located just 90 miles away. That is why Fidel Castro and Che Guevara have inspired so many across the globe.
Today in the world, Cuba and Venezuela are central to the advance of socialism. Socialists should do all they can to defend the revolutionary gains made by these two countries by helping to build up international solidarity.
Source: Socialist Action
21st century socialism -- the strategy of the left and the Latin American experience
Marta Harnecker and Michael Lebowitz were invited by the N. Poulantzas Institute and Transform magazine to present lectures on "21st...
"In Venezuela, Conditions for Building Socialism of the 21st Century Have Been Created"
Heinz Dieterich, who has advised President Chavez, discusses what 21st century socialism might look like and what the chances for its implementation are in...
May 2nd 2005
Chavez Affirms Venezuela is Heading Towards Socialism of 21st Century
President Chavez once again affirmed that his government is taking Venezuela towards socialism, a socialism that still needed to be constructed for the 21st...


text:
Q: create movie from one image updates in linux I'm a C programmer on linux.
I write a program that saves an image in /srv/ftp/preview.png which is updating frequently and i want to create a movie from this updates.
It's timestamp is important for me, e.g if image updates after 3.654 seconds i want movie show this update(frame) after 3.654 seconds too.
I searched in Internet for several hours but i can't find any solution.
I know about ffmpeg but it will convert images(and not one image) to movie without millisecond timestamp.
I found this Question but it seems is not useful in this case.
Is there any tool to do that? if not, please introduce an API in c to write a program myself

A: You can try to use inotify watch modification on the file and ffmpeg to append file to the movie:
#!/bin/bash
FRAMERATE=1
FILE="/path/to/image.jgp"
while true
do  inotifywait -e modify "$FILE"
    echo "file changed"
    # create temp file name
    TMP=$(mktemp)

    # copy file
    cp "$FILE" "$TMP$

    # append copy file to movie
    # from https://video.stackexchange.com/q/17228

    # if movie already exist
    if [ -f movie.mp4 ]
    then
        # append image to a new movie
        ffmpeg -y -i movie.avi -loop 1 -f image2 -t $FRAMERATE -i "$TMP".jpg   -f lavfi -t 3 -i anullsrc -filter_complex "[0:v] [1:v] concat=n=2:v=1 [v] "  -map "[v]" newmovie.avi
        # replace old by new movie
        mv newmovie.mp4 movie.mp4
    else
        #create a movie from one image
        ffmpeg -framerate 1 -t $FRAMERATE -i "$TMP" movie.mp4
    fi
    rm "$TMP"

done

This script must certainly be adapted, (in particular if your framerate is high) but I think you can try to play with it.
One bad thing also that the movie creation will become slower and slower because the movie becomes bigger.
You should to store images of a certain time duration in a directory and convert all at once (like once an hour/day)

If you want to serve a stream instead of creating a video file, you can look at https://stackoverflow.com/a/31705978/1212012

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text:
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PG_DUMPALL

Section: PostgreSQL Client Applications (1)
Updated: 2012-08-14
Index
Return to Main Contents

NAME

pg_dumpall - extract a PostgreSQL database cluster into a script file

SYNOPSIS

pg_dumpall [ option... ]

DESCRIPTION

pg_dumpall is a utility for writing out
(``dumping'') all PostgreSQL databases
of a cluster into one script file. The script file contains
SQL commands that can be used as input to psql(1) to restore the databases. It does this by
calling pg_dump(1) for each database in a cluster.
pg_dumpall also dumps global objects
that are common to all databases.
(pg_dump does not save these objects.)
This currently includes information about database users and
groups, tablespaces, and properties such as access permissions
that apply to databases as a whole.

Since pg_dumpall reads tables from all
databases you will most likely have to connect as a database
superuser in order to produce a complete dump. Also you will need
superuser privileges to execute the saved script in order to be
allowed to add users and groups, and to create databases.

The SQL script will be written to the standard output. Shell
operators should be used to redirect it into a file.

pg_dumpall needs to connect several
times to the PostgreSQL server (once per
database). If you use password authentication it will ask for
a password each time. It is convenient to have a
~/.pgpass file in such cases. See in the documentation for more information.

OPTIONS

The following command-line options control the content and
format of the output.

-a

--data-only

Dump only the data, not the schema (data definitions).

-c

--clean

Include SQL commands to clean (drop) databases before
recreating them. DROP commands for roles and
tablespaces are added as well.

-f filename

--file=filename

Send output to the specified file. If this is omitted, the
standard output is used.

-g

--globals-only

Dump only global objects (roles and tablespaces), no databases.

-i

--ignore-version

A deprecated option that is now ignored.

-o

--oids

Dump object identifiers (OIDs) as part of the
data for every table. Use this option if your application references
the OID
columns in some way (e.g., in a foreign key constraint).
Otherwise, this option should not be used.

-O

--no-owner

Do not output commands to set
ownership of objects to match the original database.
By default, pg_dumpall issues
ALTER OWNER or
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
statements to set ownership of created schema elements.
These statements
will fail when the script is run unless it is started by a superuser
(or the same user that owns all of the objects in the script).
To make a script that can be restored by any user, but will give
that user ownership of all the objects, specify -O.

--lock-wait-timeout=timeout

Do not wait forever to acquire shared table locks at the beginning of
the dump. Instead fail if unable to lock a table within the specified
timeout. The timeout may be
specified in any of the formats accepted by SET
statement_timeout. (Allowed values vary depending on the server
version you are dumping from, but an integer number of milliseconds
is accepted by all versions since 7.3. This option is ignored when
dumping from a pre-7.3 server.)

--no-tablespaces

Do not output commands to create tablespaces nor select tablespaces
for objects.
With this option, all objects will be created in whichever
tablespace is the default during restore.

-r

--roles-only

Dump only roles, no databases or tablespaces.

-s

--schema-only

Dump only the object definitions (schema), not data.

-S username

--superuser=username

Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers.
This is only relevant if --disable-triggers is used.
(Usually, it's better to leave this out, and instead start the
resulting script as superuser.)

-t

--tablespaces-only

Dump only tablespaces, no databases or roles.

-v

--verbose

Specifies verbose mode. This will cause
pg_dumpall to output start/stop
times to the dump file, and progress messages to standard error.
It will also enable verbose output in pg_dump.

-x

--no-privileges

--no-acl

Prevent dumping of access privileges (grant/revoke commands).

--binary-upgrade

This option is for use by in-place upgrade utilities. Its use
for other purposes is not recommended or supported. The
behavior of the option may change in future releases without
notice.

--inserts

Dump data as INSERT commands (rather
than COPY). This will make restoration very slow;
it is mainly useful for making dumps that can be loaded into
non-PostgreSQL databases. Note that
the restore might fail altogether if you have rearranged column order.
The --column-inserts option is safer, though even
slower.

--column-inserts

--attribute-inserts

Dump data as INSERT commands with explicit
column names (INSERT INTO
table
(column, ...) VALUES
...). This will make restoration very slow; it is mainly
useful for making dumps that can be loaded into
non-PostgreSQL databases.

--disable-dollar-quoting

This option disables the use of dollar quoting for function bodies,
and forces them to be quoted using SQL standard string syntax.

--disable-triggers

This option is only relevant when creating a data-only dump.
It instructs pg_dumpall to include commands
to temporarily disable triggers on the target tables while
the data is reloaded. Use this if you have referential
integrity checks or other triggers on the tables that you
do not want to invoke during data reload.

Presently, the commands emitted for --disable-triggers
must be done as superuser. So, you should also specify
a superuser name with -S, or preferably be careful to
start the resulting script as a superuser.

--use-set-session-authorization

Output SQL-standard SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands
instead of ALTER OWNER commands to determine object
ownership. This makes the dump more standards compatible, but
depending on the history of the objects in the dump, might not restore
properly.

The following command-line options control the database connection parameters.

-h host

--host=host

Specifies the host name of the machine on which the database
server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is
used as the directory for the Unix domain socket. The default
is taken from the PGHOST environment variable,
if set, else a Unix domain socket connection is attempted.

-l dbname

--database=dbname

Specifies the name of the database to connect to to dump global
objects and discover what other databases should be dumped. If
not specified, the ``postgres'' database will be used,
and if that does not exist, ``template1'' will be used.

-p port

--port=port

Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file
extension on which the server is listening for connections.
Defaults to the PGPORT environment variable, if
set, or a compiled-in default.

-U username

--username=username

User name to connect as.

-w

--no-password

Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires
password authentication and a password is not available by
other means such as a .pgpass file, the
connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in
batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a
password.

-W

--password

Force pg_dumpall to prompt for a
password before connecting to a database.

This option is never essential, since
pg_dumpall will automatically prompt
for a password if the server demands password authentication.
However, pg_dumpall will waste a
connection attempt finding out that the server wants a password.
In some cases it is worth typing -W to avoid the extra
connection attempt.

Note that the password prompt will occur again for each database
to be dumped. Usually, it's better to set up a
~/.pgpass file than to rely on manual password entry.

--role=rolename

Specifies a role name to be used to create the dump.
This option causes pg_dumpall to issue a
SET ROLE rolename
command after connecting to the database. It is useful when the
authenticated user (specified by -U) lacks privileges
needed by pg_dumpall, but can switch to a role with
the required rights. Some installations have a policy against
logging in directly as a superuser, and use of this option allows
dumps to be made without violating the policy.

ENVIRONMENT

PGHOST

PGOPTIONS

PGPORT

PGUSER

Default connection parameters

This utility, like most other PostgreSQL utilities,
also uses the environment variables supported by libpq
(see in the documentation).

NOTES

Since pg_dumpall calls
pg_dump internally, some diagnostic
messages will refer to pg_dump.

Once restored, it is wise to run ANALYZE on each
database so the optimizer has useful statistics. You
can also run vacuumdb -a -z to analyze all
databases.

pg_dumpall requires all needed
tablespace directories to exist before the restore, else
database creation will fail for databases in non-default
locations.

EXAMPLES

To dump all databases:

$ pg_dumpall > db.out

To reload this database use, for example:

$ psql -f db.out postgres

(It is not important to which database you connect here since the
script file created by pg_dumpall will
contain the appropriate commands to create and connect to the saved
databases.)

SEE ALSO

Check pg_dump(1) for details on possible
error conditions.

Index

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

ENVIRONMENT

NOTES

EXAMPLES

SEE ALSO

This document was created by
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Time: 05:29:09 GMT, December 24, 2015

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