Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Lightly grease sides and bottom of 9" pie pan with vegetable oil or spray (glass pan preferred).
Beat egg whites until they hold stiff peaks.
Mix baking powder into granulated sugar. At low speed, gradually add to egg whites.
Add vanilla to mixture. Fold pecans and crackers into mixture.
Spread into pie pan, making sides high and center depressed. Bake 25 minutes in preheated oven. Cool completely on cake rack.
In a microwavable dish or double boiler, melt chocolate cube, Manischewitz Cherry Wine, and canola oil. Then stir mixture and cool to lukewarm.
Spread filling on pie crust evenly, leaving a ½" margin of crust showing on entire pie.
Carefully cover chocolate filling only with cherry pie filling.
Refrigerate pie, covered, at least 1 hour.


text:
Q: Regular expression for checking suffix for both international and national number I need to check numbers, national and international with the same Regex.
I receive numbers on 33ZABPQMCDU and 0ZABPQMCDU formats.
The regex have to accept on 33ZABPQMCDU and 0ZABPQMCDU formats, but refuse numbers on 3389BPQMCDU and 089BPQMCDU formats.
For example
OK :
0545904660
33545904660
KO :
0895904660
33895904660
I don't know how to verify that a number is well constructed, and on the same time to reject  numbers beginning with 089 or 3389.
Thanks

A: You have to use a negative lookahead assertion.
(?!^089\d{7}$)

excludes 10-digit numbers starting with "089."  Here:
/(?!^089\d{7}$)(?!^3389\d{7}$)^(\d{10}\d?)$/

Also see RegEx to exclude a specific string constant

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Après soixante ans d'union dynastique avec l'Espagne (1580-1640) suivies de plusieurs années de bataille militaires et diplomatiques, le traité de Lisbonne, signé le  par l'Espagne et le Portugal, reconnaît l'indépendance du Portugal.

Par la signature du traité de Lisbonne, l'Espagne met fin à la guerre qui l'oppose au Portugal et reconnaît son indépendance. Le roi Philippe II d'Espagne avait envahi le Portugal en 1580. Près d'un siècle plus tard, le pays recouvre définitivement son indépendance.

Ce traité fut signé grâce à la médiation du roi Charles II d'Angleterre.

Notes et références

Lisbonne
Lisbonne
Relations entre l'Espagne et le Portugal
Histoire moderne de l'Espagne
Février 1668
Traité de 1668
1668 en Espagne
1668
Pierre II (roi de Portugal)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Defo agree about the wiggle room. Its almost impossible to pick up a striker that will play, let alone score. Obv I have aguero but if he's out ive nothing up front and nothing I can do. Its worse again in my other game.
Ferguson and Nurmagomedov for UFC 223 in April. Apparently for the lightweight belt.


text:
This Week — Oct. 23, 2019
UW-Whitewater is the top university for teaching licenses in Wisconsin
The most recent report from the Department of Public Instruction shows UW-Whitewater awarded 663 teaching licenses in 2016-17– more than any other university in Wisconsin.
"Our outstanding reputation is a huge piece of our success," said Robin Fox, interim dean of the College of Education and Professional Studies. "The roots of our teacher education programs go back to the beginning of the university itself. For 151 years, we've nurtured generations of teachers who make meaningful contributions to their field and their communities."
Legacy of excellence continues as Warhawk Ryan Schultz wins statewide music education award
Warhawk Ryan Schultz has been named the 2019 Richard G. Gaarder Award winner. An honor bestowed by the Wisconsin Music Educators Association, the award is presented each year to an undergraduate music education major who has shown exceptional leadership, musical excellence and service to the campus and community. Warhawks have won the statewide honor 19 times since 1989, the most of any university.
UW-Whitewater's Roger Pulliam wins state's lifetime achievement award for diversity efforts
Roger Pulliam, inaugural recipient of Lifetime of Service Award, has a 60-year career in education in which he promoted the success of his students and community. During his tenure at UW-Whitewater, he served as assistant vice chancellor of academic support services, director of advancement and, most recently, interim chief diversity officer.
Little Scholars program at UW-Whitewater wins state diversity award
What started as a simple letter-writing project between University of Wisconsin-Whitewater students and second graders in Beloit, Wisconsin, has transformed into a flourishing mentorship program. And now — it's award-winning.
Trailblazing UW-Whitewater theater professor Fannie Hicklin dies at 101
Fannie Hicklin, the fierce and beloved theater professor and UW-Whitewater's first African American faculty member has died at the age of 101.
Kudos to students and faculty in the Higher Education Leadership program who participated in the Wisconsin College Professional Association's annual conference, held Oct. 3-4 in Wisconsin Dells. Courtney Luedke, assistant professor in curriculum and instruction, and graduate students Le Racha Simon and Allayah Manns, presented "Keepin' it 100: Supporting First-Gen Students of Color." Graduate student Holly Anderson was the co-winner of the Annual Case Study Competition. Graduate student Matt Denney presented two workshops, "Not all Supervisors wear Capes: Beraking the Supervisor Stigma" and "West Coast to Wisconsin: College as a Brand." Denney won the Best Presentation award.
Kudos to Anene Okocha and Olam Bamgbose, from the Counselor Education Department, who traveled to Vienna, Austria Sept. 27-28 to take part in the European Branch of American Counseling Association's 60th Annual Conference. They gave their presentation, "Exploring Intersection of Traditional and Contemporary Mental Health Practices in Nigeria."
Kudos to Jo Ann Oravec, professor of information technology and supply chain management, who will present "Polygraphs, AI Truth Machines, and Brain Scanning: Lie Detection Technologies and Ubiquitous Honesty Themes in Film" at the annual Film & History Conference on Nov. 14 in Madison.
Kudos to Dwight Watson, chancellor, who wrote the foreword to "Building, Maintaining, and Repairing Classroom Relationships," a book by Jerry Worley and Logan Roshell and published by Peter Lang. Read more »
Kudos to Kathryn Casey, assistant dean of the College of Education and Professional Studies, who was co-awarded the 2019 Teacher Education Division (TED) Publication Award for her TESE article, "Teacher attrition in special education: Perspectives from the field."
New Employees/New Roles
Brian Zobel, who has served in facilities management professions in the public and private sectors for more than 20 years, including leadership roles at both the Whitewater and Rock County campuses, was promoted to Director of Facilities and Trades.
Eric Radkowsky, who has spent 26 years working in the golf industry, including serving as the superintendent at the highly-ranked Bull Valley Golf Club in Woodstock, Illinois, was hired as Director of Buildings and Grounds.
Dale Blackwell, a licensed master electrician who spent the majority of his career working for contractors across Wisconsin, Illinois and Las Vegas, is now Maintenance and Repair Supervisor, overseeing all construction, repairs and preventative maintenance of all academic buildings.
UW-Whitewater recently signed a Guaranteed Transfer Admission agreement with the College of Lake County. This means students from the college, located in northern Illinois, can plan their education journey with the guarantee that they will be accepted to UW-Whitewater and their credits will count towards a bachelor's degree. The Daily Herald »
Economics major Cole Kinson presented a report by the UW-Whitewater Fiscal and Economic Research Center to the Fort Atkinson City Council. The report shows that Fort Atkinson currently has a housing shortage and, by 2030, it will be much worse. Daily Jefferson County Union »
The artwork of faculty and staff members Julia Ince, Bethann Hanzlik-Moran and Mary Pratt is on display now Thursday, Oct. 24 at the the Fort Atkinson Club in a show that honors local artists.
Daily Jefferson County Union
Anna Thompson Hajdik, lecturer of languages and literatures, discussed controversy in film and the evolution of the female role.
Wisconsin Public Radio
Contemporary Issues lecture Series
Natalia Mehlman Petrzela, associate professor of history at The New School, is a historian of contemporary American politics and culture focusing on issues of gender, race, identity, and class. She will be presenting "What Does 'Diversity' Mean for 21st - Century Education?" at 7 p.m. on Monday, Oct. 28, in Young Auditorium.
It's On Us to fight sexual assault
UW-Whitewater supports the It's On Us movement to help raise awareness and fight against sexual assault on campuses. Whitewater Student Government will be hosting several events throughout the week.
Counselor Education 50-year reunion
Join the Counselor Education Department in celebrating 50 years with a reunion on Saturday, Nov. 9. The event includes food, music, bowling, campus tours and a football game. RSVP by noon Friday, Oct. 25.
Mock event
On Thursday, Oct. 24, UW-Whitewater will hold a mock event to practice the campus's response in the case of an illness/disease outbreak. The event will be held from 9 to 11 a.m. in the Williams Center.
There is no illness outbreak on campus – this is only a practice event.
Magician Trigg Watson is coming to the Down Under
See Trigg Watson for free! He will be performing at 7:30 p.m., Thursday, Oct. 24, in the Down Under. He is known for his modern high-tech take on magic and has been seen on the POP TV show "Don't Blink", Masters of Illusion and Penn & Tellers "Fool Us".
Boxes & Walls: The Oppression Experience
Boxes & Walls, an interactive diversity experience created for UW-Whitewater, is designed to let the participant experience different social justice issues and put them in the shoes of students on our campus who identify with those experiences on a daily basis.
View dates and times
Study 'N Style
'Study N' Style' is offering a chance to study and get a free hair cut from Underground Cutz! Stop by from 4-7 p.m. on Monday, Oct. 28, in room 1105 of the Andersen Library to be part of this welcoming environment with study snacks, arts and crafts, music and barbers. Haircuts and styling are offered on a first-come, first-served basis.
Country music superstar comes to Young Auditorium
Pam Tillis will bring her unmistakable sound for an intimate acoustic performance at 7:30 p.m. on Saturday, Nov. 2, at Young Auditorium. With over 6 million records sold, two Grammys and a CMA 'Vocalist of the Year' Award, Pam will use this personal setting to perform stripped down versions of her biggest hits.
Additional Events
Intramural team entries due
Due by 4 p.m. Wednesday, Oct. 23
Green Card Voices
All day event, open through Oct 27
Andersen Library
Women's soccer vs UW-Platteville
7 p.m. Wednesday, Oct. 23
Fiskum Field
Men's soccer vs Wartburg
7 p.m. Friday, Oct. 25
Spooky Bowl 8-Pin Tap Doubles Tournament
7 p.m. Monday, Oct. 28
Warhawk Alley
Join us for open mic and sing your heart out! At noon on Thursday, Oct. 24, in the Fireplace Lounge, the campus community is invited to show off their talents for 2-3 minutes.
10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Monday, Oct. 28
Rock County Campus
Working with students with disabilities: Where to begin
Noon to 1 p.m. Wednesday, Oct. 30
HS 120 Commons Meeting Room
11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Thursday, Oct. 31
Fireplace Lounge
The Warhawk Shuttle provides free transportation between campuses for all faculty, staff, and students.
View shuttle schedule
Notes for campus
Mail services available in the University Center
Information Services, located on the main level of the University Center, provides all your mailing needs including envelopes, boxes, stamps and USPS Priority Mailers. Already have your items packaged and ready to go? Information Services can take your USPS and UPS letters and packages, which are picked up every weekday at 9:30 a.m. and 2:15 p.m.
Canvas transition update
The transition from Desire2Learn to Canvas is nearing an end. Learn about the next steps and some important things to keep in mind as we close out the Desire2Learn service.
WiSys Quick Pitch at UW-Whitewater
WiSys Quick Pitch is a "pitch" competition that inspires UW System students to consider the impact of their research. Participants have three minutes to impress a panel of judges with their research and their ability to articulate its larger importance to society. The best of the best win cash prizes and secure a spot in the Quick Pitch State Final.
Enjoy a free lunch every Tuesday
Every Tuesday (with the exception of Nov. 26) the First United Methodist Church University Ministry, located at 145 S. Prairie Street in Whitewater, serves free lunch. Food is served between 10:30 a.m. and 1 p.m., with a different menu each week. The menu for Tuesday, Oct. 29, will be Chef's choice!
Whitewater City Market
4-7 p.m. Tuesday, Oct. 29
Train Depot near Cravath Lakefront
Fairhaven Lecture Series: Tantra: Medieval Indian Technologies
Fairhaven Retirement Community

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


THE JOB FOR BRUCE FEIN IS TO RESTORE BIAFRA AND THIS WILL UNITE ALL BIAFRANS.
cement all the cracks that is dragging this struggle behind.
I do not belong to any Biafran organization, but simply a Biafran.
in your organizations, as Bruce represents Biafra and Biafrans.
embrace Bruce Fein to lead us to the promise land of Biafra.
of Biafrans by Buhari and his government to fill and return to him.
This is a clear evidence that he represents all Biafrans.
He will seek justice in US court system for the victims, where Mr.
also on his shoulders, as he knows the best way to go about it.
Some of us do not or have forgotten the full meaning of IPOB.
vs Nigeria, he filed in the federal high court Owerri around 2012.
know that by Billie and radio Biafra registering its members as IPOB, does not in anyway strip the indigenous identity of any Biafran that does not belong to the above organizations.
Biafra. Hopefully, this clears the air for those of you who think that IPOB is synonymous with Biafra.
idiots, blinded by their loyalty and misunderstanding of the abbreviation IPOB, seem not to care about the best way to restore, Biafra, but only cares who restores it. They do not care about unity among Biafrans, but want to continue with their divisive and selfishness that may result in civil war, when Biafra is restored. This cannot be tolerated. Biafra will not be another disgrace like Southern Sudan, when restored. It is better we unite and get it right to avoid being another Southern Sudan in the making.
about Moses Nwaigwe. The attitude of some of you is nauseating and disgusting. Once Biafra is restored, you will not hear about me again. I will not be among the officers running the affairs of Biafra and no plans to relocate to Biafra.
broad picture, which is Biafra. None of us is bigger than Biafra.
egos and aspiration to occupy offices in Biafra, seem more important to them than Biafra itself, will then have the opportunity.
be replaced by incoming Biafran government when restored.
I can do for Biafra.
restoration of Biafra, for all Biafrans. When his job is done, Biafra will be restored and united. May God bless Biafra and you.
DEAR BIAFRANS,THE LORD GOD OF ISRAEL IS OUR STRENGTH AND HOPE! THE BIAFRANS(GAD) HAS A DUTY FROM GOD/HASHEM CONCERNING OUR BLOOD BROTHERS IN JUDAH(ERETZ YISRAEL) AND OTHERS IN ELAM,CUSH,ISLANDS OF THE SEA ETC.WE SHALL ALL BE GRATEFUL TO GOD THAT THE LOST HOUSE(S) ARE COMING TOGETHER AGAIN WITH JUDAH/LEVI/BENJAMIN(ISRAEL). OUR COLLECTIVE DUTY SHALL BE CLEARED TO ALL SOON AND ALL HOUSE OF GAD/BIAFRANS MUST BE READY FOR OUR HEBREW HERITAGE AND DEFENCE. TO HASHEM BE THE GLORY!!!


Food Adventures of a Comfort Cook: Bring out the best in frozen seafood.
Bring out the best in frozen seafood.
On Jan 29, 2011, I wrote about how getting fresh fish in a landlocked state forced one to be creative with frozen fish. It's not just about how to cook the seafood itself, but what can be served as a side. Most folks, even restaurants, go the easiest route and serve a steamed to death vegetable medley. Personally, I rather have just the seafood and a good salad as a side dish; limp, overcooked veggies just don't have a big appeal for me.
Oh, but that's just too easy; and I have always wanted to attempt an Italian dish called Carbonara which basically consists of bacon (or pancetta is you can find it), eggs, butter and cheeses. What, no sauce!?! Hey, it's got bacon in it; and everything tastes good with bacon.
I happen to have some frozen scallops and salmon in the freezer, so defrosted them; gave them a good sear and served the Carbonara on the side...it was so good! Not complicated and comforting; just like it should be. Enjoy!
In a large skillet, medium heat, melt butter; add in pancetta (bacon) and cook till crisp. At the same time, cook pasta according to package direction, but until just under al dente.
In a small bowl, beat together the eggs, cheeses, nutmeg, salt and pepper. Drain pasta and add to skillet; reduce heat to low. Add in mixture from small bowl and mix thoroughly with pasta and the bacon; let cook for 7 minutes to make sure all is heated through.
Serve with sprinkled parsley over top.
Season the salmon and scallops with the seasoning mixture.
In a large skillet, heat the oil on medium-high heat; place in salmon and cook each side for 4 minutes. Remove to plate. Next, cook scallops in same skillet; 2 minutes per side; remove.
Add lemon juice to skillet, mix with oil and scrape up any bits stuck to pan. Pour liquid over the salmon and scallops.
Makes 4 servings of each seafood.


In a bid to give Mumbai's planned coastal road project a decisive push, CM has written to the Union environment and forests minister Prakash Javadekar, asking him to make a special case for the project.
In a bid to give Mumbai's planned coastal road project a decisive push, chief minister Devendra Fadnavis has written to the Union environment and forests minister Prakash Javadekar, asking him to make a special case for the project.
In a letter sent on Monday, the chief minister's office (CMO) sought an amendment to the Coastal Regulatory Zone (CRZ) notification 2011, to allow for the reclamation of land for a coastal road. The 35.6-km coastal road from Nariman Point to Kandivli was the pet project of former CM Prithviraj Chavan, who failed to get it off the ground due to environmental hurdles.
HT had reported last week that Fadnavis is keen on the coastal road project as a cost-effective and environment-friendly option for the city. For the past three years, the earlier government had vacillated between two options – sea links and the coastal road.
The CRZ notification states that land reclamation is not allowed except for "construction or modernisation or expansion of foreshore facilities like ports, jetties, wharves, quays, slipways, bridges, sea links, roads on stilts." The letter from the CMO has requested the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) to include the coastal road in this list of permitted exceptions. It has argued the coastal road project will allow citizens to save time and also reduce fuel costs, besides giving Mumbai the much-needed opportunity to create open and green spaces.
The cost of the coastal road has been estimated at Rs60-100 crore per km, whereas that of a sea link would be around Rs600 crore for every kilometre, going by the costs incurred while constructing the Bandra Worli sea link. "The coastal road project is much more environment-friendly, compared to a series of sea links. The detailed project report is also ready and has been submitted to the MoEF along with the letter," said an official from CMO.
The coastal road could have an adverse impact on tidal circulation, reclamation of mangroves, and lead to coastal erosion. Officials, however, pointed out that sea links would also have an adverse environmental impact.


Experience the Willamette Valley at one of our road show events. Twice each year, our winemakers and owners travel to pour their wines and tell their stories in cities around the United States.
Meet the faces behind the labels and enjoy a taste of the Willamette Valley in your city!
Get Boston details including Participating Wineries, and Pinot Week Events by clicking button below.
Get Chicago details including Participating Wineries, and Pinot Week Events by clicking button below.
"Pinot in the City brought 50 wineries to Denver for this amazing event where attendees were able to taste the full spectrum of the Willamette Valley wines, poured by the owners and wine makers themselves. It is amazing to have all the vintners and wine enthusiasts together for this unique kind of event." Read more.
"'We talk about Cabernet as we talk about sports, but when we talk about Pinot noir, we talk about religion,' wine writer Terry Theise once said. And true to that comparison, in Oregon, they are deeply religious when it comes to Pinot noir." Read more.
"Willamette Valley pinot noir offers a unique tasting experience somewhere between the rich and luscious wines of the Russian River Valley and the elegant, linear wines of Burgundy." Read more.


text:
Silverline Double Feature: Beah #1, Silverline Team-Up #1
Campaign Page Kickstarter
Status xClosed
Goal $4,000
Backers 128
Avg Contribution $37
Genre(s) Superhero & Anthropomorphic
Writer Roland Mann
ArtistHaley Martin (B)
PencillerPeter Clinton (ST)
InkerThomas Florimonte (ST)
ColoristRoberta Conroy (ST)
BEAH (B): When The Kid goes missing from the playroom, most of the inhabitants think he's dead. Not Beah, a stuffed bear. He tells everyone The Kid is coming back to get them and take them to the Big House where's he working on a new room for them. They don't believe Beah, and chaos erupts.
SILVERLINE TEAM-UP (ST): The Champion's personal life is totally shot, and while he continually puts his life at risk as a firefighter, he seems to only grown stronger. His doctor pal invites him to go to New Orleans with him where he is found by Ms. Fury (based off the public domain character Miss Fury)...and the troubles that followed him there.
BEAH: On his way to The Stump, Beah runs into his old friend Hoglet who tells him the news: The Kid is dead. Beah does not believe it. Upon arriving at The Stump, they find the place in chaos and the owner, Ms. Mandy, at a loss of what to do. Many of the toys believe that since The Kid is gone, there are no rules. Beah embarks on the task of convincing them all that The Kid is coming back to get them and halt the chaos.
SILVERLINE TEAM-UP: Dan Taylor, Champion, seems to be getting stronger and stronger, and taking more dangerous risks since his personal life is a mess. Woody, his personal doctor and friend takes him to New Orleans to get away from it all for a bit. Unfortunately, some of Champion's troubles follow him to New Orleans...where he also meets the young Ms. Fury.


text:
Jose Fermoso
Garmin's Genre-Busting GPS Phone Delayed Until 2009
The battle between the Nuviphone and the iPhone for the love of geolocation fanatics everywhere will not be happening this year, after all. The GPS-enabled Garmin Nuviphone, which many industry observers expected to be one of the hottest multimedia phone releases of 2008, has been postponed until the first half of next year. A few […]
The battle between the Nuviphone and the iPhone for the love of geolocation fanatics everywhere will not be happening this year, after all.
The GPS-enabled Garmin Nuviphone, which many industry observers expected to be one of the hottest multimedia phone releases of 2008, has been postponed until the first half of next year. A few people have already presumed that Garmin's inability to set a specific Q1-2009 date guarantees that we won't see it until after March. That would give it a launch about six months later than its original announcement promised.
In a statement released prior to its quarterly meeting later today, Garmin said the decision to postpone the release was made in light of "carrier specific requirements [that] will take longer than anticipated." At the moment, there is nothing specific about what those requirements entailed. Rumors suggest that AT&T and T-Mobile are in the running to carry the phone.
GPS enthusiasts are excited about the Nuviphone because of its maker: Garmin is the market leader in the GPS industry. However, its delay might be costly, as new GPS-enabled phones from LG and HTC may have similar features. Also, Apple's new iPhone 3G includes a GPS unit.
According to Bloomberg, Garmin expected the phone to 'account for as much as 10 percent of its fourth-quarter sales,' which led to their cut of sales forecast for the full year. As a result of the news, Garmin stock took an immediate dive in the Nasdaq trading floor earlier this morning, its biggest drop in eight years.
The key thing now is for Garmin to hit that new date before its becomes a nominee for next year's Wired Vaporware Awards. And no one wants to hang out with Duke Nukem Forever on that dastardly list.
Garmin Nuviphone Previewed at Singapore Tech Expo
Man Tracked With GPS Cellphone for Five Months: Loses Job
TopicsGPSphones


As a climber, finding a half-decent insurance package can be a real challenge. Since we all deserve insurance for ourselves and our families, the AAC has partnered with some incredible companies to provide insurance packages that are actually designed for climbers.
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Accident Insurance Benefit Starting at only $22 a month, you can get accident related injury coverage for a variety of non-climbing activities. This includes skiing, snowboarding and many other sports that you enjoy. It covers accidents 24/7 whether you're on the job or just enjoying yourself. This plan is a perfect supplement to any health insurance policy. Click here to learn more. In addition, members can enjoy access to Emergency Helicopter Rescue protection, Roadside Assistance, and more.
* Not all plans are available in every state. Please ask the plan administrator about plan availability in your area. Insurance and other benefit services are provided as a "service" performed by licensed agents with the Nicholas Hill Benefit Group, Inc. (NHBG). Plans may be subject to full underwriting and may potentially exclude or decline to offer coverage based on pre-existing health conditions, occupations and avocations (including but not limited to climbing/mountaineering).
Your membership supports the Club in negotiating ever better deals on services you want.


Large-scale bound-constrained or unconstrained optimization with limited memory.
Zhu, C., Byrd, R. H., and Nocedal, J (1997). Algorithm 778. L-BFGS-B: Fortran routines for large scale bound constrained optimization. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 23(4), 550-560.
Byrd, R. H., Lu, P., and Nocedal, J. (1995). A limited memory algorithm for bound constrained optimization. <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing, 16(5), 1190-1208.
L-BFGS is a limited-memory quasi-Newton code for unconstrained optimization. L-BFGS-B is a limited-memory quasi-Newton code for large-scale bound-constrained or unconstrained optimization. The code has been developed at the Optimization Technology Center, a joint venture of Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.
All software, both binary and source published by the Association for Computing Machinery (hereafter, Software) is copyrighted by the Association (hereafter, ACM) and ownership of all right, title and interest in and to the Software remains with ACM. By using or copying the Software, User agrees to abide by the terms of this Agreement. The URL for the ACM Software Copyright and License Agreement is http://www.acm.org/pubs/copyright_policy/softwareCRnotice.html.


Discussion in 'Motorsport' started by GTPNewsWire, Sep 3, 2018.
This article was published by Andrew Evans (@Famine) on September 3rd, 2018 in the Formula One category.
Sureboss and TenEightyOne like this.
I hope my fellow countryman will find a seat at another team.
Mr Tree and breyzipp like this.
I'd rather see him go to IMSA or something and drive competitively.
I love hearing the name Felipe Nasr fighting for the lead in DPi when I know just a few years ago he was in F1 purgatory.
I mean he has a lot of potential but i'm sure he won't be able to prove it with this team. Good to see more and more young talent on F1 .
If Stoffel can hear me, I say - do not despair. The misery that is now upon you is but the passing of greed - the bitterness of Zak Brown who fear the way of your progress. The hate of Zak Brown will pass, and McLaren die, and the power they took from the drivers will return to the drivers.
Stoffel! Don't give yourself to brutes - Team Principals who despise you - enslave you - who regiment your life - tell you what to do - what to think and what to feel! Who drill you - diet you - treat you like a number two driver, use you as Alonso fodder. Don't give yourself to these unnatural McLaren men - machine men with machine minds and machine hearts!
You have the love of Belgium in your heart! You don't hate! Only the unloved hate - the unloved and the unnatural!
You have the power to create happiness! You don't need McLaren anymore.
Let us fight for a new world - a decent world that will give racing drivers a chance to work - that will give youth a future and old age a security. By the promise of these things, brutes like Zak Brown have risen to power. But they lie! They do not fulfil that promise. They never will!
Team Principals free themselves but they enslave the drivers! Now let us fight to fulfil that promise! Let us fight to free the racing world - to do away with national barriers - to do away with greed, with hate and intolerance. Let us fight for a racing world of reason, a racing world where science and progress will lead to all drivers happiness. Drivers! In the name of Stoffel Vandoorne, let us all unite!
KepleroGT and Rossell2 like this.
McLaren was well justified in replacing Vandoorne, who wan't able to outqualify or out-race his elderly teammate except on very rare occasions.
shoemaker and kikie like this.
I feel a bit gutted for Vandoorne.
Get's paired with one of the best drivers of the current grid and only had one race where he was really able to show off in a decent car - Bahrain 2016, scoring in the points.
Since 2017, when he'd joined the team, he had a car, where he couldn't show what he is made of.
I hope he'll still be on the grid next year, also keeping my hopes high for Norris and Sainz.
It's a shame he couldn't show his talent with this team/car. He was superb in the lower classes now it's looking like a exit cause I don't think he will be able to find a seat in F1. Really a shame but unfortunately thats how it goes.
It's a shame; he was a major talent in GP2 and to see him trundling at the back of the grid in a woeful McLaren is just sad.
This is a negative post.
To be honest, I don't.
During the season, Vandoorne was interviewed by a Belgian sports journalist at a track. It was in his (and mine of course) native language and he was bragging about himself. I honestly can't remember what he said but it was not modest, not that he has to be modest but it was the way he said it. If you are talented, you can let the world know how good you're but not how he does it. I do remember though that he literally said that he is the future of McLaren. What he said and the way he said it, and his posture, tells me that he is probably full of himself. I don't know him and I'm not an expert in body language, so I could be seriously wrong though. Okay, it was only one interview, but the first impression I got from him, was not a positive one.
I don't like people with that attitude.
The Belgian press worships him and say he is super talented. Of course, he is talented and he is fast, there is no doubt about that in my mind but super talented? Come on.
I hope that this Norris guy does a better job than Vandoorne.
BTW, I'm a seriously talented race car driver. If I had the change to proof myself, I'd be in the top 3 of the current fastest F1 drivers.
I am pleased for Norris but gutted for Vandoorne. I think he had a good chance to beat Sainz next year and rebuild his reputation. From McLaren point of view Norris makes perfect sense. If the car quick they can move him aside and bring back Alonso after the IndyCar season Like Williams did with Mansell & Coulthard. Just an idea as to why McLaren Didn't go for Perez, Ocon or kimi etc?
I honestly can't remember what he said but it was not modest, not that he has to be modest but it was the way he said it.
He said that he thinks he's a better driver than Perez and Ocon.
To be honest, it's the only cocky thing he's said since his debut. I don't really see a problem with that one slip-up.
You clearly didn't see that interview. It was definitely not a slip up at all. It was on fleetTV. He was more than cocky in that interview. It is probably wrong of me but I don't like the guy since I saw that interview. And I'm not the only one if you read comments on HLN.be. I believe, but I could be wrong, he also said that he is as good or even better than Alonso. He probably never going to say that to an international journalist. But on Belgian TV, he definitely said something in those words.
He literally said: "Ik ben de toekomst van McLaren". (= I'm the future of McLaren).
Not every driver that had success in junior formula brings that to F1, Vandoorne at no moment showed he had something special and surely if he was going to be something in F1 he would show it by now.
Elderly teammate always getting the better car according to our press.
Your press is wrong, think about it.
Mclaren spends millions on developing a driver only to put him in F1 to make Alonso look good.
Think about it McLaren has a ****** car trying to develop it back to a front running car with an ex world champion who do you think is going to get the newest parts?
I'm inclined to believe Alobso would it could be diffrent but acting as if this claim is just outlandish is a bit of a stretch isn't it?
Doesn't make any sense considering McLaren have had a few drivers in recent history that are regarded as pretty good drivers before come to F1 or during their tenure, and when they went to said team...performance dropped. Now I don't know about you but when I see that type of correlation and the group in charge isn't willing to take blame yet shuffle it off the nearest party available, it tends to tell me they're actively being ignorant.
As I said in the driver transfer thread a month ago and on discord. If all you ever know is crap machinery and a simulator and have never driven anything that actually performs well, how do you benchmark yourself? How do you face scrutiny when you're stacked against a two time world champion and your development is questionably stunted? I'm not saying Vandoorne was ever going to be the next big thing like every one was sold, cause I was pretty sure he was always going to end up like Magnussen.
To be fair, it is possible that the team around him does not work well with his style. Similar to the way things happen in other sports, changing teams may find him in a situation where his talent and style gel with the rest of the team and produce the results he had in other series. Or it could be that it's too far for him to grow. There is a way to find out but will any team take the chance?
He might be lucky enough to get the STR seat though, a side effect of the super license point requirement is that drivers that have the points to get into F1 are a Small Selection.
I don't see Vandoorne adding anything to F1. I won't miss him for a second. (I could say the same about a handful of others drivers too though). With that F1 scribbled on your resume you can go race damn near anything else, and have more fun doing it.


LiCoO2 thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique on silicon substrates. The electrochemical measurements were carried out on Li//LiCoO2 cells with a lithium metal foil as anode and LiCoO2 film as cathode of 1.5 cm2 active area using a Teflon home-made cell hardware. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements have been carried out at sweep rate α = 1 mVs-1. Two sets of well defined current peaks observed corresponding to the oxidation and reduction reaction located at 3.74 and 3.64 V for the LiCoO2 film. Electrochemical titration was made by charging and discharging the cells in the potential range between 2.0 and 4.2 V. Quasi open circuit voltage profiles were recorded using current pulses of 5 μA cm-2. Electrochemical potential spectroscopy (ECPS) was performed using 5 mV potential steps. Specific capacity 180 mC/cm2μm was measured for the film grown at 300 mTorr.


text:
James Corden has déjà vu backstage at 'Dear Evan Hansen'
By Ian Mohr
February 4, 2017 | 2:46pm
James Corden Getty Images
James Corden felt at home when he saw Broadway's "Dear Evan Hansen."
Corden headed backstage at the Music Box Theatre, spies said, and while he waited to meet the cast in a space that's been turned into the Bloomingdale's Blue Room for guests, he looked around and exclaimed, "Hey, this was my dressing room!"
Corden starred in "One Man, Two Guvnors" at the theater in 2012.
Also at the show were Harvey Fierstein and "Nashville" star Lennon Stella, who said it was her first Broadway show.
Filed under broadway	, james corden	, 2/4/17
Geri Halliwell shares snap of two-week-old newborn


text:
Q: Simplest/cleanest way to implement a singleton in JavaScript What is the simplest/cleanest way to implement the singleton pattern in JavaScript?

A: There is more than one way to skin a cat :) Depending on your taste or specific need you can apply any of the proposed solutions. I personally go for Christian C. Salvadó's first solution whenever possible (when you don't need privacy).
Since the question was about the simplest and cleanest, that's the winner. Or even:
var myInstance = {}; // Done!

This (quote from my blog)...
var SingletonClass = new function() {
    this.myFunction() {
        // Do stuff
    }
    this.instance = 1;
}

doesn't make much sense (my blog example doesn't either) because it doesn't need any private variables, so it's pretty much the same as:
var SingletonClass = {
    myFunction: function () {
        // Do stuff
    },
    instance: 1
}

A: I deprecate my answer, see my other one.
Usually the module pattern (see Christian C. Salvadó's answer) which is not the singleton pattern is good enough. However, one of the features of the singleton is that its initialization is delayed till the object is needed. The module pattern lacks this feature.
My proposition (CoffeeScript):
window.singleton = (initializer) ->
  instance = undefined
  () ->
    return instance unless instance is undefined
    instance = initializer()

Which compiled to this in JavaScript:
window.singleton = function(initializer) {
    var instance;
    instance = void 0;
    return function() {
        if (instance !== void 0) {
            return instance;
        }
        return instance = initializer();
    };
};

Then I can do following:
window.iAmSingleton = singleton(function() {
    /* This function should create and initialize singleton. */
    alert("creating");
    return {property1: 'value1', property2: 'value2'};
});

alert(window.iAmSingleton().property2); // "creating" will pop up; then "value2" will pop up
alert(window.iAmSingleton().property2); // "value2" will pop up but "creating" will not
window.iAmSingleton().property2 = 'new value';
alert(window.iAmSingleton().property2); // "new value" will pop up

A: I got this example from the *JavaScript Patterns
Build Better Applications with Coding and Design Patterns book (by Stoyan Stefanov). In case you need some simple implementation class like a singleton object, you can use an immediate function as in the following:
var ClassName;

(function() {
    var instance;
    ClassName = function ClassName() {
        // If the private instance variable is already initialized, return a reference
        if(instance) {
            return instance;
        }
        // If the instance is not created, save a pointer of the original reference
        // to the private instance variable.
        instance = this;

        // All constructor initialization will be here
        // i.e.:
        this.someProperty = 0;
        this.someMethod = function() {
            // Some action here
        };
    };
}());

And you can check this example by following test case:
// Extending defined class like singleton object using the new prototype property
ClassName.prototype.nothing = true;
var obj_1 = new ClassName();

// Extending the defined class like a singleton object using the new prototype property
ClassName.prototype.everything = true;
var obj_2 = new ClassName();

// Testing makes these two objects point to the same instance
console.log(obj_1 === obj_2); // Result is true, and it points to the same instance object

// All prototype properties work
// no matter when they were defined
console.log(obj_1.nothing && obj_1.everything
            && obj_2.nothing && obj_2.everything); // Result true

// Values of properties which are defined inside of the constructor
console.log(obj_1.someProperty); // Outputs 0
console.log(obj_2.someProperty); // Outputs 0

// Changing property value
obj_1.someProperty = 1;

console.log(obj_1.someProperty); // Output 1
console.log(obj_2.someProperty); // Output 1

console.log(obj_1.constructor === ClassName); // Output true

This approach passes all test cases while a private static implementation will fail when a prototype extension is used (it can be fixed, but it will not be simple) and a public static implementation less advisable due to an instance is exposed to the public.
jsFiddly demo.

A: Short answer:
Because of the non-blocking nature of JavaScript, singletons in JavaScript are really ugly in use.  Global variables will give you one instance through the whole application too without all these callbacks, and module pattern gently hides internals behind the interface. See Christian C. Salvadó's answer.
But, since you wanted a singleton…
var singleton = function(initializer) {

  var state = 'initial';
  var instance;
  var queue = [];

  var instanceReady = function(createdInstance) {
    state = 'ready';
    instance = createdInstance;
    while (callback = queue.shift()) {
      callback(instance);
    }
  };

  return function(callback) {
    if (state === 'initial') {
      state = 'waiting';
      queue.push(callback);
      initializer(instanceReady);
    } else if (state === 'waiting') {
      queue.push(callback);
    } else {
      callback(instance);
    }
  };

};

Usage:
var singletonInitializer = function(instanceReady) {
  var preparedObject = {property: 'value'};
  // Calling instanceReady notifies the singleton that the instance is ready to use
  instanceReady(preparedObject);
}
var s = singleton(singletonInitializer);

// Get the instance and use it
s(function(instance) {
  instance.doSomething();
});

Explanation:
Singletons give you more than just one instance through the whole application: their initialization is delayed till the first use. This is really a big thing when you deal with objects whose initialization is expensive. Expensive usually means I/O and in JavaScript I/O always mean callbacks.
Don't trust answers which give you interface like instance = singleton.getInstance(), they all miss the point.
If they don't take a callback to be run when an instance is ready, then they won't work when the initializer does I/O.
Yeah, callbacks always look uglier than a function call which immediately returns an object instance. But again: when you do I/O, callbacks are obligatory. If you don't want to do any I/O, then instantiation is cheap enough to do it at program start.
Example 1, cheap initializer:
var simpleInitializer = function(instanceReady) {
  console.log("Initializer started");
  instanceReady({property: "initial value"});
}

var simple = singleton(simpleInitializer);

console.log("Tests started. Singleton instance should not be initalized yet.");

simple(function(inst) {
  console.log("Access 1");
  console.log("Current property value: " + inst.property);
  console.log("Let's reassign this property");
  inst.property = "new value";
});
simple(function(inst) {
  console.log("Access 2");
  console.log("Current property value: " + inst.property);
});

Example 2, initialization with I/O:
In this example, setTimeout fakes some expensive I/O operation. This illustrates why singletons in JavaScript really need callbacks.
var heavyInitializer = function(instanceReady) {
  console.log("Initializer started");
  var onTimeout = function() {
    console.log("Initializer did his heavy work");
    instanceReady({property: "initial value"});
  };
  setTimeout(onTimeout, 500);
};

var heavy = singleton(heavyInitializer);

console.log("In this example we will be trying");
console.log("to access singleton twice before it finishes initialization.");

heavy(function(inst) {
  console.log("Access 1");
  console.log("Current property value: " + inst.property);
  console.log("Let's reassign this property");
  inst.property = "new value";
});

heavy(function(inst) {
  console.log("Access 2. You can see callbacks order is preserved.");
  console.log("Current property value: " + inst.property);
});

console.log("We made it to the end of the file. Instance is not ready yet.");

A: I think I have found the cleanest way to program in JavaScript, but you'll need some imagination. I got this idea from a working technique in the book JavaScript: The Good Parts.
Instead of using the new keyword, you could create a class like this:
function Class()
{
    var obj = {}; // Could also be used for inheritance if you don't start with an empty object.

    var privateVar;
    obj.publicVar;

    obj.publicMethod = publicMethod;
    function publicMethod(){}

    function privateMethod(){}

    return obj;
}

You can instantiate the above object by saying:
var objInst = Class(); // !!! NO NEW KEYWORD

Now with this work method in mind, you could create a singleton like this:
ClassSingleton = function()
{
    var instance = null;

    function Class() // This is the class like the above one
    {
        var obj = {};
        return obj;
    }

    function getInstance()
    {
        if( !instance )
            instance = Class(); // Again no 'new' keyword;

        return instance;
    }

    return { getInstance : getInstance };
}();

Now you can get your instance by calling
var obj = ClassSingleton.getInstance();

I think this is the neatest way as the complete "Class" is not even accessible.

A: Christian C. Salvadó's and zzzzBov's answer have both given wonderful answers, but just to add my own interpretation based on my having moved into heavy Node.js development from PHP/Zend Framework where singleton patterns were common.
The following, comment-documented code is based on the following requirements:

*

*one and only one instance of the function object may be instantiated

*the instance is not publicly available and may only be accessed through a public method

*the constructor is not publicly available and may only be instantiated if there is not already an instance available

*the declaration of the constructor must allow its prototype chain to be modified. This will allow the constructor to inherit from other prototypes, and offer "public" methods for the instance

My code is very similar to zzzzBov's answer except I've added a prototype chain to the constructor and more comments that should help those coming from PHP or a similar language translate traditional OOP to JavaScript's prototypical nature. It may not be the "simplest" but I believe it is the most proper.
// Declare 'Singleton' as the returned value of a self-executing anonymous function
var Singleton = (function () {
    "use strict";
    // 'instance' and 'constructor' should not be available in a "public" scope
    // here they are "private", thus available only within
    // the scope of the self-executing anonymous function
    var _instance=null;
    var _constructor = function (name) {
        this.name = name || 'default';
    }

    // Prototypes will be "public" methods available from the instance
    _constructor.prototype.getName = function () {
        return this.name;
    }

    // Using the module pattern, return a static object
    // which essentially is a list of "public static" methods
    return {
        // Because getInstance is defined within the same scope
        // it can access the "private" 'instance' and 'constructor' vars
        getInstance:function (name) {
            if (!_instance) {
                console.log('creating'); // This should only happen once
                _instance = new _constructor(name);
            }
            console.log('returning');
            return _instance;
        }
    }

})(); // Self execute

// Ensure 'instance' and 'constructor' are unavailable
// outside the scope in which they were defined
// thus making them "private" and not "public"
console.log(typeof _instance); // undefined
console.log(typeof _constructor); // undefined

// Assign instance to two different variables
var a = Singleton.getInstance('first');
var b = Singleton.getInstance('second'); // passing a name here does nothing because the single instance was already instantiated

// Ensure 'a' and 'b' are truly equal
console.log(a === b); // true

console.log(a.getName()); // "first"
console.log(b.getName()); // Also returns "first" because it's the same instance as 'a'

Note that technically, the self-executing anonymous function is itself a singleton as demonstrated nicely in the code provided by Christian C. Salvadó. The only catch here is that it is not possible to modify the prototype chain of the constructor when the constructor itself is anonymous.
Keep in mind that to JavaScript, the concepts of "public" and "private" do not apply as they do in PHP or Java. But we have achieved the same effect by leveraging JavaScript's rules of functional scope availability.

A: You could just do:
var singleton = new (function() {
  var bar = 123

  this.foo = function() {
    // Whatever
  }
})()

A: The clearest answer should be this one from the book Learning JavaScript Design Patterns by Addy Osmani.

var mySingleton = (function () {

  // Instance stores a reference to the singleton
  var instance;

  function init() {

    // Singleton

    // Private methods and variables
    function privateMethod(){
        console.log( "I am private" );
    }

    var privateVariable = "I'm also private";

    var privateRandomNumber = Math.random();

    return {

      // Public methods and variables
      publicMethod: function () {
        console.log( "The public can see me!" );
      },

      publicProperty: "I am also public",

      getRandomNumber: function() {
        return privateRandomNumber;
      }

    };

  };

  return {

    // Get the singleton instance if one exists
    // or create one if it doesn't
    getInstance: function () {

      if ( !instance ) {
        instance = init();
      }

      return instance;
    }

  };

})();

A: For me the cleanest way to do so is:
const singleton = new class {
    name = "foo"
    constructor() {
        console.log(`Singleton ${this.name} constructed`)
    }
}

With this syntax you are certain your singleton is and will remain unique. You can also enjoy the sugarness of class syntax and use this as expected.
(Note that class fields require node v12+ or a modern browser.)

A: This is how I implement singleton pattern using ES6 features. Yes, I know this does not look like an Object-oriented approach, but I find this method is easy to implement and a clean way to implement.
const Singleton = (() => {
  var _instance = !_instance && new Object('Object created....');
  return () => _instance;
})();

//************************************************************************

var instance1 = Singleton();
var instance2 = Singleton();
console.log(instance1 === instance2); // true

A: I think the easiest way is to declare a simple object literal:
var myInstance = {
  method1: function () {
    // ...
  },
  method2: function () {
    // ...
  }
};

If you want private members on your singleton instance, you can do something like this:
var myInstance = (function() {
  var privateVar = '';

  function privateMethod () {
    // ...
  }

  return { // public interface
    publicMethod1: function () {
      // All private members are accessible here
    },
    publicMethod2: function () {
    }
  };
})();

This has been called the module pattern, and it basically allows you to encapsulate private members on an object, by taking advantage of the use of closures.
If you want to prevent the modification of the singleton object, you can freeze it, using the ES5 Object.freeze method.
That will make the object immutable, preventing any modification to the its structure and values.
If you are using ES6, you can represent a singleton using ES Modules very easily, and you can even hold private state by declaring variables at the module scope:
// my-singleton.js
const somePrivateState = []

function privateFn () {
  // ...
}

export default {
  method1() {
    // ...
  },
  method2() {
    // ...
  }
}

Then you can simply import the singleton object to use it:
import myInstance from './my-singleton.js'
// ...

A: In ECMAScript 2015 (ES6):
class Singleton {
  constructor () {
    if (!Singleton.instance) {
      Singleton.instance = this
    }
    // Initialize object
    return Singleton.instance
  }
  // Properties & Methods
}

const instance = new Singleton()
Object.freeze(instance)

export default instance

A: This should work:
function Klass() {
   var instance = this;
   Klass = function () { return instance; }
}

A: I believe this is the simplest/cleanest and most intuitive way though it requires ECMAScript 2016 (ES7):

export default class Singleton {

  static instance;

  constructor(){
    if(instance){
      return instance;
    }

    this.state = "duke";
    this.instance = this;
  }

}

The source code is from: adam-bien.com

A: I've found the following to be the easiest singleton pattern, because using the new operator makes this immediately available within the function, eliminating the need to return an object literal:

var singleton = new (function () {

  var private = "A private value";

  this.printSomething = function() {
      console.log(private);
  }
})();

singleton.printSomething();

A: Using ES6 classes and private static fields. Invoking new instances of the Singleton class will return the same instance. The instance variable is also private and can't be accessed outside the class.
class Singleton {
  // # is a new Javascript feature that denotes private
  static #instance;

  constructor() {
    if (!Singleton.#instance) {
      Singleton.#instance = this
    }
    return Singleton.#instance
  }

  get() {
    return Singleton.#instance;
  }
}

const a = new Singleton();
const b = new Singleton();
console.log(a.get() === b.get()) // true
console.log(Singleton.instance === undefined) // true

A: If you're using node.JS then you can take advantage of node.JS caching mechanism and your Singleton will be as simple as:
class Singleton {
    constructor() {
        this.message = 'I am an instance';
    }
}
module.exports = new Singleton();

Please note that we export not the class Singleton but instance Singleton().
Node.JS will cache and reuse the same object each time it's required.
For more details please check: Node.JS and Singleton Pattern

A: I think the cleanest approach is something like:
var SingletonFactory = (function(){
    function SingletonClass() {
        //do stuff
    }
    var instance;
    return {
        getInstance: function(){
            if (instance == null) {
                instance = new SingletonClass();
                // Hide the constructor so the returned object can't be new'd...
                instance.constructor = null;
            }
            return instance;
        }
   };
})();

Afterwards, you can invoke the function as
var test = SingletonFactory.getInstance();

A: Following is the snippet from my walkthrough to implement a singleton pattern. This occurred to me during an interview process and I felt that I should capture this somewhere.
/*************************************************
 *     SINGLETON PATTERN IMPLEMENTATION          *
 *************************************************/

// Since there aren't any classes in JavaScript, every object
// is technically a singleton if you don't inherit from it
// or copy from it.
var single = {};

// Singleton Implementations
//
// Declaring as a global object...you are being judged!

var Logger = function() {
  // global_log is/will be defined in the GLOBAL scope here
  if(typeof global_log === 'undefined'){
    global_log = this;
  }
  return global_log;
};

// The below 'fix' solves the GLOABL variable problem, but
// the log_instance is publicly available and thus can be
// tampered with.
function Logger() {
  if(typeof Logger.log_instance === 'undefined') {
    Logger.log_instance = this;
  }

  return Logger.log_instance;
};

// The correct way to do it to give it a closure!

function logFactory() {
  var log_instance; // Private instance
  var _initLog = function() { // Private init method
    log_instance = 'initialized';
    console.log("logger initialized!")
  }
  return {
    getLog : function(){ // The 'privileged' method
      if(typeof log_instance === 'undefined') {
        _initLog();
      }
      return log_instance;
    }
  };
}

/***** TEST CODE ************************************************

// Using the Logger singleton
var logger = logFactory(); // Did I just give LogFactory a closure?

// Create an instance of the logger
var a = logger.getLog();

// Do some work
// Get another instance of the logger
var b = logger.getLog();

// Check if the two logger instances are same
console.log(a === b); // true
*******************************************************************/

The same can be found on my gist page.

A: My two cents: I have a constructor function (CF), for example,
var A = function(arg1){
  this.arg1 = arg1
};

I need just every object created by this CF to be the same.
var X = function(){
  var instance = {};
  return function(){ return instance; }
}();

Test
var x1 = new X();
var x2 = new X();
console.log(x1 === x2)

A: Singleton:
Ensure a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.
The singleton pattern limits the number of instances of a particular object to just one. This single instance is called the singleton.

*

*defines getInstance() which returns the unique instance.

*responsible for creating and managing the instance object.
The singleton object is implemented as an immediate anonymous function. The function executes immediately by wrapping it in brackets followed by two additional brackets. It is called anonymous because it doesn't have a name.
Sample Program

var Singleton = (function () {
    var instance;

    function createInstance() {
        var object = new Object("I am the instance");
        return object;
    }

    return {
        getInstance: function () {
            if (!instance) {
                instance = createInstance();
            }
            return instance;
        }
    };
})();

function run() {

    var instance1 = Singleton.getInstance();
    var instance2 = Singleton.getInstance();

    alert("Same instance? " + (instance1 === instance2));
}

run()

A: Here is a simple example to explain the singleton pattern in JavaScript.
var Singleton = (function() {
    var instance;
    var init = function() {
        return {
            display:function() {
                alert("This is a singleton pattern demo");
            }
        };
    };
    return {
        getInstance:function(){
            if(!instance){
                alert("Singleton check");
                instance = init();
            }
            return instance;
        }
    };
})();

// In this call first display alert("Singleton check")
// and then alert("This is a singleton pattern demo");
// It means one object is created

var inst = Singleton.getInstance();
inst.display();

// In this call only display alert("This is a singleton pattern demo")
// it means second time new object is not created,
// it uses the already created object

var inst1 = Singleton.getInstance();
inst1.display();

A: function Once() {
    return this.constructor.instance || (this.constructor.instance = this);
}

function Application(name) {
    let app = Once.call(this);

    app.name = name;

    return app;
}

If you are into classes:
class Once {
    constructor() {
        return this.constructor.instance || (this.constructor.instance = this);
    }
}

class Application extends Once {
    constructor(name) {
        super();

        this.name = name;
    }
}

Test:
console.log(new Once() === new Once());

let app1 = new Application('Foobar');
let app2 = new Application('Barfoo');

console.log(app1 === app2);
console.log(app1.name); // Barfoo

A: let MySingleton = (function () {
  var _instance
  function init() {
    if(!_instance) {
      _instance = { $knew: 1 }
    }
    return _instance
  }
  let publicAPIs = {
    getInstance: function() {
      return init()
    }
  }
  // this prevents customize the MySingleton, like MySingleton.x = 1
  Object.freeze(publicAPIs)
  // this prevents customize the MySingleton.getInstance(), like MySingleton.getInstance().x = 1
  Object.freeze(publicAPIs.getInstance())
  return publicAPIs
})();

A: The following works in Node.js version 6:
class Foo {
  constructor(msg) {

    if (Foo.singleton) {
      return Foo.singleton;
    }

    this.msg = msg;
    Foo.singleton = this;
    return Foo.singleton;
  }
}

We test:
const f = new Foo('blah');
const d = new Foo('nope');
console.log(f); // => Foo { msg: 'blah' }
console.log(d); // => Foo { msg: 'blah' }

A: I'm not sure I agree with the module pattern being used as a replacement for a singleton pattern. I've often seen singletons used and abused in places where they're wholly unnecessary, and I'm sure the module pattern fills many gaps where programmers would otherwise use a singleton. However, the module pattern is not a singleton.
Module pattern:
var foo = (function () {
    "use strict";
    function aPrivateFunction() {}
    return { aPublicFunction: function () {...}, ... };
}());

Everything initialized in the module pattern happens when Foo is declared. Additionally, the module pattern can be used to initialize a constructor, which could then be instantiated multiple times. While the module pattern is the right tool for many jobs, it's not equivalent to a singleton.
Singleton pattern:
short form
var Foo = function () {
    "use strict";
    if (Foo._instance) {
        // This allows the constructor to be called multiple times
        // and refer to the same instance. Another option is to
        // throw an error.
        return Foo._instance;
    }
    Foo._instance = this;
    // Foo initialization code
};
Foo.getInstance = function () {
    "use strict";
    return Foo._instance || new Foo();
}

long form, using module pattern
var Foo = (function () {
    "use strict";
    var instance; //prevent modification of "instance" variable
    function Singleton() {
        if (instance) {
            return instance;
        }
        instance = this;
        //Singleton initialization code
    }
    // Instance accessor
    Singleton.getInstance = function () {
        return instance || new Singleton();
    }
    return Singleton;
}());

In both versions of the singleton pattern that I've provided, the constructor itself can be used as the accessor:
var a,
    b;
a = new Foo(); // Constructor initialization happens here
b = new Foo();
console.log(a === b); //true

If you don't feel comfortable using the constructor this way, you can throw an error in the if (instance) statement, and stick to using the long form:
var a,
    b;
a = Foo.getInstance(); // Constructor initialization happens here
b = Foo.getInstance();
console.log(a === b); // true

I should also mention that the singleton pattern fits well with the implicit constructor function pattern:
function Foo() {
    if (Foo._instance) {
        return Foo._instance;
    }
    // If the function wasn't called as a constructor,
    // call it as a constructor and return the result
    if (!(this instanceof Foo)) {
        return new Foo();
    }
    Foo._instance = this;
}
var f = new Foo(); // Calls Foo as a constructor
-or-
var f = Foo(); // Also calls Foo as a constructor

A: The simplest/cleanest for me means also simply to understand and no bells & whistles as are much discussed in the Java version of the discussion:
What is an efficient way to implement a singleton pattern in Java?
The answer that would fit simplest/cleanest best there from my point of view is:
Jonathan's answer to What is an efficient way to implement a singleton pattern in Java?
And it can only partly be translated to JavaScript. Some of the difference in JavaScript are:

*

*constructors can't be private

*Classes can't have declared fields

But given the latest ECMA syntax, it is possible to get close with:
Singleton pattern as a JavaScript class example
 class Singleton {

  constructor(field1,field2) {
    this.field1=field1;
    this.field2=field2;
    Singleton.instance=this;
  }

  static getInstance() {
    if (!Singleton.instance) {
      Singleton.instance=new Singleton('DefaultField1','DefaultField2');
    }
    return Singleton.instance;
  }
}

Example Usage
console.log(Singleton.getInstance().field1);
console.log(Singleton.getInstance().field2);

Example Result
DefaultField1
DefaultField2

A: In ES6 the right way to do this is:

class MyClass {
  constructor() {
    if (MyClass._instance) {
      throw new Error("Singleton classes can't be instantiated more than once.")
    }
    MyClass._instance = this;

    // ... Your rest of the constructor code goes after this
  }
}

var instanceOne = new MyClass() // Executes succesfully
var instanceTwo = new MyClass() // Throws error

Or, if you don't want an error to be thrown on the second instance creation, you can just return the last instance, like so:

class MyClass {
  constructor() {
    if (MyClass._instance) {
      return MyClass._instance
    }
    MyClass._instance = this;

    // ... Your rest of the constructor code goes after this
  }
}

var instanceOne = new MyClass()
var instanceTwo = new MyClass()

console.log(instanceOne === instanceTwo) // Logs "true"

A: If you want to use classes:
class Singleton {
  constructor(name, age) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    if(this.constructor.instance)
      return this.constructor.instance;
    this.constructor.instance = this;
  }
}
let x = new Singleton('s', 1);
let y = new Singleton('k', 2);

Output for the above will be:
console.log(x.name, x.age, y.name, y.age) // s 1 s 1

Another way of writing Singleton using function
function AnotherSingleton (name,age) {
  this.name = name;
  this.age = age;
  if(this.constructor.instance)
    return this.constructor.instance;
  this.constructor.instance = this;
}

let a = new AnotherSingleton('s', 1);
let b = new AnotherSingleton('k', 2);

Output for the above will be:
console.log(a.name, a.age, b.name, b.age) // s 1 s 1

A: I needed several singletons with:

*

*lazy initialisation

*initial parameters

And so this was what I came up with:
createSingleton ('a', 'add', [1, 2]);
console.log(a);

function createSingleton (name, construct, args) {
    window[name] = {};
    window[construct].apply(window[name], args);
    window[construct] = null;
}

function add (a, b) {
    this.a = a;
    this.b = b;
    this.sum = a + b;
}

*

*args must be Array for this to work, so if you have empty variables, just pass in []

*I used the window object in the function, but I could have passed in a parameter to create my own scope

*name and construct parameters are only String in order for window[] to work, but with some simple typechecking, window.name and window.construct are also possible.

A: Module pattern: in "more readable style". You can see easily which methods are public and which ones are private
var module = (function(_name){
   /* Local Methods & Values */
   var _local = {
      name : _name,
      flags : {
        init : false
      }
   }

   function init(){
     _local.flags.init = true;
   }

   function imaprivatemethod(){
     alert("Hi, I'm a private method");
   }

   /* Public Methods & variables */

   var $r = {}; // This object will hold all public methods.

   $r.methdo1 = function(){
       console.log("method1 calls it");
   }

   $r.method2 = function(){
      imaprivatemethod(); // Calling private method
   }

   $r.init = function(){
      inti(); // Making 'init' public in case you want to init manually and not automatically
   }

   init(); // Automatically calling the init method

   return $r; // Returning all public methods

})("module");

Now you can use public methods like
module.method2(); // -> I'm calling a private method over a public method alert("Hi, I'm a private method")
http://jsfiddle.net/ncubica/xMwS9/

A: Another way - just insure the class can not new again.
By this, you can use the instanceof op. Also, you can use the prototype chain to inherit the class. It's a regular class, but you can not new it. If you want to get the instance, just use getInstance:
function CA()
{
    if(CA.instance)
    {
        throw new Error('can not new this class');
    }
    else
    {
        CA.instance = this;
    }
}

/**
 * @protected
 * @static
 * @type {CA}
 */
CA.instance = null;

/* @static */
CA.getInstance = function()
{
    return CA.instance;
}

CA.prototype =
/** @lends CA# */
{
    func: function(){console.log('the func');}
}

// Initialise the instance
new CA();

// Test here
var c = CA.getInstance()
c.func();
console.assert(c instanceof CA)

// This will fail
var b = new CA();

If you don't want to expose the instance member, just put it into a closure.

A: function Unicode()
{
  var i = 0, unicode = {}, zero_padding = "0000", max = 9999;

  // Loop through code points
  while (i < max) {
    // Convert decimal to hex value, find the character,
    // and then pad zeroes to the code point
    unicode[String.fromCharCode(parseInt(i, 16))] = ("u" + zero_padding + i).substr(-4);
    i = i + 1;
  }

  // Replace this function with the resulting lookup table
  Unicode = unicode;
}

// Usage
Unicode();

// Lookup
Unicode["%"]; // Returns 0025

A: This is also a singleton:
function Singleton() {
    var i = 0;
    var self = this;

    this.doStuff = function () {
        i = i + 1;
        console.log('do stuff', i);
    };

    Singleton = function () { return self };
    return this;
}

s = Singleton();
s.doStuff();

A: You can do it with decorators like in this example below for TypeScript:
class YourClass {

    @Singleton static singleton() {}

}

function Singleton(target, name, descriptor) {
    var instance;
    descriptor.value = () => {
        if(!instance) instance = new target;
        return instance;
    };
}

Then you use your singleton like this:
var myInstance = YourClass.singleton();

As of this writing, decorators are not readily available in JavaScript engines. You would need to make sure your JavaScript runtime has decorators actually enabled or use compilers like Babel and TypeScript.
Also note that the singleton instance is created "lazy", i.e., it is created only when you use it for the first time.

A: This knowledge is base from I am learning Java, though Java and Javascript is different, the concept of Singleton and how Java do it is just the same. In my opinion, The class style from JS is clean by itself rather than var initialization.
class Singleton {
    // use hashtag which entails that the variable can only be accessed from self scope
    static #instance = null;
    static getInstance() {
        if (this.#instance === null) this.#instance = new Singleton();
        return this.#instance;
    }

    // some class property
    hello = 'world';

    // or initialize the variable in the constructor, depend on your preference
    constructor() {
        // this.hello = 'world';
    }

    /* you can also add parameters on the constructor & getInstance
     * e.g.
     * static getInstance(param1, param2) {...new Singleton(param1, param2)}
     * constructor(param1, param2) {...}
     */

}

// this is the same code for java and normal way for singleton for class
// just use static so you can get instance

// testing the singleton
var s1,s2;
s1 = Singleton.getInstance();
s2 = Singleton.getInstance();

// you cannot access the property, immediately
if (Singleton.hello === undefined) console.log('getInstance so you can access this');

console.log(s1.hello);
// result: "world"

console.log(s2.hello);
// result: "world"

// set the value of Singleton object
s2.hello = "hi";
    console.log(s1.hello);
    // result: "hi"

    console.log(s2.hello);
    // result: "hi"
// this is just an evidence which means that they are the same even in property level

if (s1 === s2) console.log("S1 & S2 is the same object");
// result: "S1 & S2 is the same object"

// don't use something like `var s1 = new Singleton();`
// this will defeat your purpose of just (1 object), one instance of class

A: I like to use a combination of the singleton pattern with the module pattern, and init-time branching with a Global NS check, wrapped within a closure.
In a case where the environment isn't going to change after the initialization of the singleton, the use of an immediately invoked object-literal to return a module full of utilities that will persist for some duration should be fine.
I'm not passing any dependencies, just invoking the singletons within their own little world - the only goal being to: create a utilities module for event binding / unbinding (device orientation / orientation changes could also work in this case).
window.onload = ( function( _w ) {
    console.log.apply( console, ['it', 'is', 'on'] );
    ( {
        globalNS : function() {
            var nameSpaces = ["utils", "eventUtils"],
                nsLength = nameSpaces.length,
                possibleNS = null;

            outerLoop:
            for ( var i = 0; i < nsLength; i++ ) {
                if ( !window[nameSpaces[i]] ) {
                    window[nameSpaces[i]] = this.utils;
                    break outerLoop;
                };
            };
        },
        utils : {
            addListener : null,
            removeListener : null
        },
        listenerTypes : {
            addEvent : function( el, type, fn ) {
                el.addEventListener( type, fn, false );
            },
            removeEvent : function( el, type, fn ) {
                el.removeEventListener( type, fn, false );
            },
            attachEvent : function( el, type, fn ) {
                el.attachEvent( 'on'+type, fn );
            },
            detatchEvent : function( el, type, fn ) {
                el.detachEvent( 'on'+type, fn );
            }
        },
        buildUtils : function() {
            if ( typeof window.addEventListener === 'function' ) {
                this.utils.addListener = this.listenerTypes.addEvent;
                this.utils.removeListener = this.listenerTypes.removeEvent;
            } else {
                this.utils.attachEvent = this.listenerTypes.attachEvent;
                this.utils.removeListener = this.listenerTypes.detatchEvent;
            };
            this.globalNS();
        },
        init : function() {
            this.buildUtils();
        }
    } ).init();
} ( window ) );

A: You did not say "in the browser". Otherwise, you can use Node.js modules. These are the same for each require call. Basic example:

The contents of foo.js:
const circle = require('./circle.js');
console.log(`The area of a circle of radius 4 is ${circle.area(4)}`);

The contents of circle.js:
const PI = Math.PI;

exports.area = (r) => PI * r * r;

exports.circumference = (r) => 2 * PI * r;

Note that you cannot access circle.PI, as it is not exported.
While this does not work in the browser, it is simple and clean.

A: The main key is to understand the closure's importance behind this. So a property even inside the inner function will be private with the help of the closure.
var Singleton = function () {
    var instance;

    function init() {

       function privateMethod() {
           console.log("private via closure");
       }

       var privateVariable = "Private Property";

       var privateRandomNumber = Math.random(); // This is also private

       return {
           getRandomNumber: function () {  // Access via getter in init call
               return privateRandomNumber;
           }
       };
    };

    return {
        getInstance: function () {

            if (!instance) {
                instance = init();
            }
            return instance;
        }
    };
};

A: You can return the same instance in every new execution -
function Singleton() {
    // lazy
    if (Singleton.prototype.myInstance == undefined) {
        Singleton.prototype.myInstance = { description: "I am the instance"};
    }
    return Singleton.prototype.myInstance;
}

a = new Singleton();
b = new Singleton();
console.log(a); // { description: "I am the instance"};
console.log(b); // { description: "I am the instance"};
console.log(a==b); // true

A: Simple Example
class Settings {

  constructor() {
    if (Settings.instance instanceof Settings) {
      return Settings.instance;
    }
    this.settings = {
      id: Math.floor(Math.random() * 4000),
      name: "background",
    };
    Object.freeze(this.settings);
    Object.freeze(this);
    Settings.instance = this;
  }

}

var o1 = new Settings();
var o2 = new Settings();

console.dir(o1);
console.dir(o2);

if (o1 === o2) {
  console.log("Matched");
}

A: class Singelton {
    static #instance;

    #testValue;

    constructor() {
        if (Singelton.#instance instanceof Singelton) {
            return Singelton.#instance;
        }

        Singelton.#instance = this;
        return Singelton.#instance;
    }

    get testValue() {
        return this.#testValue;
    }

    set testValue(value) {
        this.#testValue = value;
    }
}

test:
let x = new Singelton();
x.testValue = 123;

let y = new Singelton();

console.log({isSingelton: x === y, testValueFromY: y.testValue});

A: So to be fair the simplest answer is usually the best.  An object literal is always a single instance. Not much reason for anything more complex other than, perhaps allocation of memory on demand.
That being said, here is a classical implementation of a singleton using ES6.

*

*The instance "field" is "private".  This really means we hide the instance as a property of the constructor. Somewhere not Constructor.prototype, which will be available to the instance through prototipical inheritance.

*The constructor is "private".  We really are just throwing an error when the caller is not the static getInstance method.

Also of note.  It's important to understand what the keyword this means in different contexts.
In the constructor, this points to the instance created.
In the static getInstance method, this points to the left of the dot, Universe constructor function which, is an object like most things in JS and can hold properties.

class Universe {
    constructor() {
       if (!((new Error).stack.indexOf("getInstance") > -1)) {
           throw new Error("Constructor is private. Use static method getInstance.");
       }
       this.constructor.instance = this;
       this.size = 1;
    }
    static getInstance() {
        if (this.instance) {
            return this.instance;
        }
        return new this;
    }
    expand() {
        this.size *= 2;
        return this.size;
    }
}

console.log(Universe.getInstance())
console.log(Universe.getInstance().expand())
console.log(Universe.getInstance())
console.log(new Universe())

A: Simply use a class expression:
const singleton = new (class {
    hello() { return 'world'; }
})();

console.log(singleton.hello()); //=> world

A: var singleton = (function () {

    var singleton = function(){
        // Do stuff
    }
    var instance = new singleton();
    return function(){
        return instance;
    }
})();

A solution without the getInstance method.

A: A singleton in JavaScript is achieved using the module pattern and closures.
Below is the code which is pretty much self-explanatory -
// Singleton example.
var singleton = (function() {
  var instance;

  function init() {
    var privateVar1 = "this is a private variable";
    var privateVar2 = "another var";

    function pubMethod() {
      // Accessing private variables from inside.
      console.log(this.privateVar1);
      console.log(this.privateVar2);
      console.log("inside of a public method");
    };
  }

  function getInstance() {
    if (!instance) {
      instance = init();
    }
    return instance;
  };

  return {
    getInstance: getInstance
  }
})();

var obj1 = singleton.getInstance();
var obj2 = singleton.getInstance();

console.log(obj1 === obj2); // Check for type and value.


Colourful and practical, this medium rattan storage basket by French brand Rose in April is just the job for storing away toys, books, shoes and laundry at the end of a hard day's play.
With a painted pink base and bright yellow stripe around the middle, it is made from natural rattan material with handles for easy carrying.
Suitable for all ages. This is not a toy.


"Get the egg." Sitting in the tasting room of Giacomo Conterno winery, having just tasted their '04 Barbera (driving acids, red fruit, barnyard) and'99 Monfortino (black olives, black licorice, black tea), I was appreciating Roberto Conterno's craftsmanship, conviction, and palate when he advised this for my upcoming dinner at Antica Corona Reale da Renzo. I took the suggestion seriously, maybe a little too seriously.
In the town of Cervere in the region of Piemonte is da Renzo, a well respected restaurant apparently so famous for their egg dish that not only is it patently recommended by wine-makers and hoteliers alike, but the picture on their menu's cover is of it. Outside, except for a small sign fixed to a fire escape it is pretty unremarkable, inside it feels like a small country house converted for dining (linen and lace curtains, lace doilies, small separated rooms just about the right size for four tables, and a fireplace). All in all there is the sense that over a long time, through modest but real aspiration, rational appointments have been made here with the intent of excelling beyond the standard regional restaurant.
Having just come from tasting at G. Conterno the wine choices were pretty easy. Assuming that whatever this egg dish was it would play the richer side of the spectrum, there seemed to be sense in the cleansing acidity of a Barbera. We started with '02 and moved on to '04, the older a little more settled and showing more of the earthy notes, the younger bright fruit and acidity.
The food choices were more confusing while strangely simple at the same time. Everyone said get the egg, however they didn't specify which. There is one antipasti egg dish, one primi piatti, and one secondi. The antipasti and the secondi both involve tartufo bianco as well, confusing the "get the egg" directive all the more. The waiter explained that although they were indeed different, they were not vastly so and therefore he wouldn't be able to decisively tell me which was meant. Not wanting to have missed the one, I decided to go with both and figured the pasta that had uovo in its description would complete the cycle perfectly.
Cotechino on whipped potatoes was sent out as an amuse, setting the stage for things to come. Cotechino is rough cut pork and pig skin sausage seasoned with autumnal spices, usually boiled and served with lentils to celebrate the New Year. Here, what is often presented as hearty fortifying fare lightened by its accoutrement is served with whipped potatoes and somehow ends up a more refined dish. The bead of the filling would be called rough in relation to its size, but its texture feels as though each individual bead of pork has been tumbled in a polisher. The Cotechino slice is set on velvety whipped potatoes laden with butter and cream. To my American raised palate it tasted reminiscent of the absolute pinnacle of the flavors in corned beef hash.
First up was Uovo affogato su cardo gobbo di Nizza, fonduta di Raschera d'alpeggio e tartufo bianco d'Alba: presented under a cover and already topped with the shaved truffle making the release of the dish's aroma at the table more dramatic is a poached hen's egg resting on thick slices of local cardoons, in a fonduta of the sharp local cheese Raschera. Cardoons are celebrated in the Langhe and should be; at their best they look like a Paleolithic species of celery and taste like artichokes would if they had a little more conviction. These were some potent, bitter samplings which made sense as they drew distinction to the creamy cheese sauce and the unctuousness of the bright orange yolk of the egg once it was broken and allowed to ooze into the concoction.
For my primi, being perfectly willing to see a theme all the way through to the end, I had Ravioli al Tuorlo d'uovo, di seirass della Valle Pellice e Murazzano D.O.P.: saffron colored pasta envelopes that we call tortellini in New York, filled with a mixture of ricotta and Valle Pellice, the milky ricotta tempering the more strong, salty aged cheese. With notes of nutmeg, dressed simply in butter, the quality of the noodle and the cheese were encouraged to show off without getting too fussy.
Uovo in cocotte al tartuffo bianco d'Alba: a bowl of hot cheese with cubes of bread and a fresh hen's egg in it, topped with a pile of shaved white truffle, is once again presented lidded. As the waiter removes the lid he proceeds to begin mixing the soupy concoction, immediately explaining that if you don't the egg will set and rather than thickening the mix and lending the richness and ability of the yolk to translate the truffles' aroma to the palate, the dish would end up as scrambled eggs, cheese, and white truffle pieces. Their way is genius, what you end up with is a thick soup whose nature is to mark your being with the aroma of white truffle.
For dessert I shared Aspice ai Frutti di bosco al Moscato d'Asti "Biancospino" dell'Az. Agr. La Spinetta su, salsa di pesche gialle ed il suo sorbetto, or at least I had a bite of the Moscato aspic with a red current in it, the gel wrapping the nuanced grapefruit and stone-fruit notes of the Moscato around the tart little berry.
I went into da Renzo looking for a meal centered on the white truffle and had a meal centered on Piemontese tradition. Three interpretations of very similar dishes, all based on regionally typical ingredients, gave an opportunity to see roots in this food. The people of Piemonte have been handed some pretty variant cards – their chicken eggs with their bright orange yolks are legendary, the flavors they coax from the milk in butter and cheeses are incredible, and white truffles may be the single all-time greatest ingredient. However, cardoons as they grow are inedibley bitter and fibrous, and judging from the table bread the flour available is not of the highest character. Yet all over the region the strengths of some ingredients have been accented, others' weaknesses compensated for, and in the long run the combinations are even better than the parts.
At da Renzo these traditional and kind of standard dishes are refined and raised to another level. With a component as strong as white truffle it is easy to let it outshine the others it is put in combination with. All over the Langhe there are many ways to show off white truffle; the best three are through the fats of butter (usually on pasta), cheese (usually thinned into a hot sauce called fonduta) and egg yolks (any way that keeps the yolk loose). Here opportunity has been taken where possible to elevate these interpretations to a refined level and the result is marvelous.


text:
Dead Tardigrade Found Buried 3,200 feet-Deep in Antarctica Lake
Scientists found a carcass of the extremophile, microbial tardigrade a kilometer underground near an Antarctic lake.
by Caroline Haskins
Jan 18 2019, 3:57pm
On December 26, scientists drilling near an underground lake by the South Pole found the remains of a dead tardigrade, a microbial animal that lives in extreme conditions, more than 3,200 feet underground, according to a report published Friday in Nature. David Harwood, one of the micro-palaeontologists involved with the research, called the findings "fully unexpected."
It's extremely rare for scientists to find evidence of life in Antarctic subglacial lakes, never mind finding life buried a whole kilometer underground. The last time scientists found evidence of life in a subglacial Antarctic lake was back in 2013, when scientists found 20 cultures of bacteria in Lake Hodgson, which is 305 feet underground.
Right now, it's unclear whether the animal lived in Antarctica ocean water that froze over on the surface, or if subglacial rivers moved the tardigrade carcass from Antarctic mountains into the nearby valley. Scientists will know more once they sequence the tardigrade DNA and determine what type of environment they would have thrived in.
But if this tardigrade did indeed live underground, the implications would be huge. In many ways, the Antarctic environment resembles the polar landscapes on planets like Mars, which have ice caps. Finding evidence of life under the ice strengthens a possibility that scientists have long postulated: that Mars may have once been home to life.
This particular research is a part of the Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA) program, which involves using a hot water drill to bore into an ice sheet in Western Antarctica, the most rapidly melting region of the frozen continent.
According to Nature, the researchers believe that the tardigrade lived in ancient glacial meltwater from interglacial periods, which are warm periods between Ice Ages. This means the tardigrade was most likely alive either the early Holocene (50,000 years ago) or the Eemian (120,000 years ago) period. They won't have an answer until they use radiocarbon dating on the carcasses and sequence their DNA.
The tardigrade actually resembles species that are native to damp soil and lived among plants and fungi that were also native to land, according to Nature. Scientists won't know if the tardigrade was terrestrial or aquatic until they sequence the creature's DNA.
The borehole from the SALSA program that lead to the tardigrade carcass was sealed off on January 5, according to Nature, and the SALSA researchers will now be focusing on analyzing the samples that they've collected from the subglacial environment.
Correction, January 18, 11:28 AM: This article previously said that multiple tardigrade carcasses were found in an underground lake by the South Pole. Only one tardigrade carcass was found. Motherboard regrets the error.
extremophiles


text:
Priscilla Jane Stephanie, Lady Roberts,  ( Low; 4 September 1949 – 29 June 2021), known as simply Jane Roberts, was the Curator of the Print Room at Windsor Castle from 1975 and the Royal Librarian from 2002 until her retirement in July 2013.

Background and education
Priscilla Jane Stephanie Low was the eldest daughter of Brigadier Toby Low, 1st Baron Aldington and his wife Araminta  MacMichael. She was educated at Cranborne Chase School, Westfield College (now part of Queen Mary, University of London), and the Courtauld Institute of Art.

Honours
Roberts was appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO) in 1984. She was subsequently promoted to Lieutenant (LVO) in 1995, Commander (CVO) in 2004, and to Dame Commander (DCVO) of the same Order in 2013. In 1995 She received the Queen Elizabeth II Version of the Royal Household Long and Faithful Service Medal for 20 years service to the British Royal Family. She would receive a bar for 10 subsequent years of service in 2005.

Personal life
On 13 December 1975, Jane Low married Sir Hugh Roberts, who was the Director of the Royal Collection and Surveyor of the Queen's Works of Art until April 2010.

She and her husband lived at Adelaide Cottage, a grace and favour home near Frogmore House in Home Park, Windsor. The couple had two daughters: Sophie Jane Cecilia Roberts (born 28 March 1978) and Amelia Frances Albinia Roberts (born 1982).

She died on 29 June 2021, at the age of 71.

Works
1979: Holbein.  Oresko Books
1985: Exhibition Catalogues Master Drawings in the Royal Collection
1987: Royal Artists. Grafton
1989: Leonardo Da Vinci
1993: A King's Purchase
1993: Holbein and the Court of Henry VIII
1995: Views of Windsor: watercolours by Thomas and Paul Sandby
1997: Royal Landscape
1999: The King's Head: Charles I, King and Martyr
1999: Ten Religious Masterpieces from the Royal Collection: a Millennium celebration
2002: Royal Treasures (editor)
2004: George III and Queen Charlotte (editor)
2005: Unfolding Pictures: fans in the Royal Collection
2006: Queen Elizabeth II: a birthday souvenir album
2007: Five Gold Rings: a royal wedding souvenir album
2008: Charles, Prince of Wales: a birthday souvenir album

References

External Links

Photograph at Getty Images

English librarians
British women librarians
Alumni of Westfield College
Alumni of the Courtauld Institute of Art
Dames Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Daughters of barons
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
1949 births
2021 deaths
Royal Librarians
Wives of knights


Fotografías gentileza y autoría del fotógrafo Alencar Amaral, correspondientes a la Fase 1 del Estreantes IFBB – Rio 2017. Obrigado Alencar!!
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