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Research & Reviews: Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
A Systematic Review on Lung Cancer and its Evolutionary Challenges in the Emerging Future
Divya Lanka1*, Vijay Kumar Mittapally2
Department of Pharmaceutics, Gland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kothapet, Medak dist
Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil nadu
Divya Lanka
Department of Pharmaceutics, Gland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kothapet, Medak, Telangana, India
E-mail: ramanujandivya@gmail.com.
Received date:	10 March 2015 Accepted date: 06 April 2015
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Lung cancer incidence has dramatically risen in the past decades. It is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths both among men and women. Approximately 1.5 million people worldwide die from lung cancer every year. The disease has an extremely poor prognosis and there has been no noticed improvement in the 5-year survival rate in the last 30 years. Unfortunately currently available treatments do not prevent the progressiveness of the disease. There has been lack of optimism regarding treatment advances in the last ten years, and progress in treating or predicting the risk for lung cancer has been very slow. The present review discusses about the lung cancer, its stages and causes and the preventive steps to be taken to challenge the relentless progression of the disease.
Lung cancer, Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC), Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC), Computed tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death due to insufficient therapeutic options, which resulted in the equaling of morbidity with mortality rates and causing an unsolved health problem [1-3]. It is one of the most common malignancies in the US and worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths.
It is a disease that occurs due to unwanted growth in tissues of the lung. The growth which spreads beyond the lung is a process known as metastasis and it can also spread into other parts of the body [4,5]. Most cancers that begin its growth in lung are known as carcinomas and are derived from epithelial cells. If uncontrolled growth can be detected successfully at early stages, it helps to proceed with many treatment options, which reduces risk of invasive surgery and increased survival rate [6-8]. Possible treatments of the disseminated disease include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Survival of the patient depends on stage, overall health, and other factors, but overall only 14% of people who are diagnosed with lung cancer can survive only for five years after their diagnosis [9].
Lung cancer basically consists of heterogeneous groups in terms of pathological features and is classified into two major types namely [10],
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC) and
Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC).
NSCLC includes squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (BFGF) produced by Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) [11-13]. VEGF is known to promote the vascularization and growth of the tumor through mobilizing circulating endothelial cell precursors to the nascent blood vessels and plays a major role in establishing new metastatic foci. BFGF in addition to its involvement in tumor growth may have the potential to predict early-stage NSCLC recurrence following tumor resection [14-17].
Among the neuroendocrine tumors which constitute approximately 20% of lung cancers, SCLC comprises the majority of cases. It is a highly malignant tumor and originates from neuroendocrine cells (Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylation/APUD cells) [18] of the bronchus called Feyrter cells and in addition to its rapid growth, early dissemination and progression to drug resistance after successful first-line therapy treatment of SCLC has very limited efficacy [19-22]. Lung cancer is the most preventable cancer worldwide owing to the fact that the fore-most and predominant risk factor is tobacco consumption and along with men, women are also increasingly being affected [23-25]. Non-neuroendocrine lung tumors which are known as non-SCLC (NSCLC), including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma, differ by a lower growth fraction and aggressiveness from SCLC [26-28].
Characterized Symptoms of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is generally characterized and can be detected by some symptoms which include:
1. Coughing, especially if it persists or becomes intense
2. Pain in the chest, shoulder, or back unrelated to pain from coughing [30]
3. A change in color and volume of sputum
4. Shortness of breathing
5. Changes in the voice or hoarseness [31]
6. Harsh sounds with each breath (stridor)
7. Recurrence of lung problems, such as bronchitis or pneumonia
8. Coughing up phlegm or mucus, especially if it is with blood
The above symptoms are usually observed in the chest and the following symptoms may occur elsewhere in the body:
1. Loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss
2. Cachexia [33]
3. Fatigue
4. Headache, bone or joint pain
5. Bone fractures
6. Neurological symptoms [34], such as unsteady gait or memory loss
7. Neck or facial swelling
8. General weakness
9. Bleeding
10. Blood clots
Cancer Stem Cells- Origin
It is believed that the existence of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) [35-37] within the tumors is a responsible factor for the majority of biological characteristics that are associated with the severity of tumors/ cancer cells [38]. A CSC theory proposes that a tumor cell subpopulation has self-renewal capacity, cancer-initiating ability and multi-potent differentiation ability. In recent years, many experimental evidences came into prevalence in support of the role of CSCs [39]. There are many concepts in cancer which can be explained by the stem cell theory like tumor self-renewal, tumor heterogeneity, and tumor relapse after treatment and resistance to conventional chemotherapies. CSCs were firstly described in human hematopoietic cancer [40-42].
According to a debated concept, CSCs are generally known as rare population of undifferentiated cells driving tumor initiation, maintenance and spreading [43]. CSCs tend to have unlimited proliferation potential, self-renewal ability and capacity to generate a progeny of differentiated cells, responsible for the major tumor populations [44]. Cells which resemble CSCs' characteristics have been detected from leukemia, and a wide range of solid tumors, which include melanoma, breast, prostate, pancreatic, and colon carcinomas. These cells have the tendency to expand in vitro as tumor spheres, like mamma- and neurospheres, and produce original tumors in immunodeficient mice at lower cell numbers than the unfractionated tumor cell population [45-47]. Brain, hematopoietic, prostate and colon cancer CSCs feature the membrane antigen CD133, whose expression is shared by normal stem cells of different lineages [48].
The origin of CSCs is still a hot topic which is widely being discussed. One theory is the malignant transformation of normal stem cells particularly in rapidly dividing tissues, where the stem cell is available throughout life and it might undergo different mutations [49].
In a combined model of complex tumor development integrating the stochastic and CSC model, genetically distinct CSCs are known to exist on top of each heterogenous tumor subclone [50, 51]. Most therapies are targeted at the bulk of rapidly dividing tumor cells but not the slowly dividing CSCs. CSCs are well-resistant to both radiation therapy and chemotherapy, and, therefore, this subpopulation persists following therapy being responsible for relapses which occur in some cases [52-55]. The CSCs' resistance to therapy is a complex, multistep process that occurs with the short-term, inherent plasticity of subpopulations of cancer cells. The cytotoxic stimuli which results from inhibiting a target can result in enhanced expression/activity of stemness factors in the persisting subpopulations of cells [56-58]. These stemness factors results in genetic plasticity that allows these cells to remain in a dormant, drug-tolerant state. Since the role of CSCs is still not well established, these cells are also alluded to as tumor initiating cells [TICs], cancer initiating cells [CICs] and tumor propagating cells [TPCs] [59,60].
Recently, independent studies using lineage-tracing technique in mouse models have proposed the existence of CSCs in brain, skin and intestinal tumors [61-64]. Eradicating CSCs, in addition or instead of the fast growing tumor mass seems to constitute a promising approach to achieve a long-lasting response and thereby improving cancer therapy. Therefore, studies looked at the cell response to injury as a means to find if the stem cell characteristics can be characterized [65-68].
Stem cell populations are established in niches, which resemble the microenvironment that interacts with stem cells to regulate stem cell self-renewal and differentiation [69]. It remains unexplained whether CSCs form their own microenvironment/niches or depend on the pre-existing tissue environment. The solid microenvironment is composed of different mesenchymal cell types which are recruited by cancer cells to enhance their survival, growth, invasion and dissemination [70,71]. These include endothelial cells of the blood and lymphatic circulation, inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and others. Fibroblasts produce different chemokines that modulate tumor expansion, invasion, angiogenesis, and activation of extracellular matrix associated cytokines and growth factors. Some of them are commonly associated with self-renewal [72-75].
Lung Cancer- Diagnosis and Treatment
Computed tomography (CT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) are able to define the level of the disease, both anatomically & functionally. PET and CT are the two medical imaging techniques which are used to find out affected part in accurate manner [76-79].
The existing system shows how PET/CT was used to detect the lung cancer and various ways for managing the respiratory motion in medical manner [80]. It also explains the workflow of the imaging technique. Algorithms are not used in the existing system. Two concepts are combinedly integrated into patient-specific workflows i.e. are PET/CT guided radiotherapy and motion managed radiotherapy [81-83]. A scanned image of PET/CT is shown in the figure 1 for example [84]. Imaging with PET/CT becomes a standard care in the lung cancer staging, but it is still underused in its direct integration to therapy planning. The most frequent application of PET and CT to lung cancer patient care is used for diagnosis and also to know the stages of the disease in accurate and precise manner [85-87].
Figure 1: CT and PET scan image
In patients with SCLC, combination chemotherapy produces results that are clearly superior to single-agent treatment with objective response rates of 65 to 90% and total response rates ranging from 45 to 75% [88-90]. A combination of etoposide and cisplatin/carboplatin chemotherapy with concurrent chest irradiation is standard and achieves median survivals of 18 to 24 months and 40% to 50% ranging of 2-year survival with less than a 3% treatment-related mortality [91-93]. The prognosis for patients with relapsing SCLC is exceedingly poor, with expected survival between 2 to 3 months. Topotecan [94] is the sole approved chemotherapeutic drug for second line treatment of SCLC prolonging live for several months. In summary, the treatment of SCLC is characterized by extremely short survival rates in advanced disease, that have been not seen much improvement in the past years [95,96].
Patients are currently diagnosed with lung cancer when their disease is fairly in an advanced stage, a condition where they begin to experience symptoms. Unfortunately, at this stage, surgery or radiotherapy is usually not viable options, and chemotherapy is usually commenced. The importance of prediction of lung cancer at an early stage is therefore of utmost and primary importance. Other potential targeted therapies are under investigation which includes BRAF, HER-2, c-KIT and EML4-ALK [97]. Emerging genetic markers of lung cancer risk have also been reported. From the numerous studies that have emerged over the past decade, a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) at chromosome 13q31.3, and Endothelial Growth Factor, EGF=61 A>G polymorphisms [98] have emerged as promising markers of NSLC risk, but further studies are required. To offer the most effective targeted therapy for the lung cancer, it is now essential to sub-classify NSLC and perform molecular analyses. In terms of the rapid recurrence of SCLC after primary therapy 99, this tumor entity is ideally suited to test clinical efficacy of CSC-directed therapies [100] in combination with the elimination of the tumor bulk using conventional chemotherapy.
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7 Semiconductor Stocks Set to Gain From the Chip Shortage
Posted on Thursday, February 25th, 2021 by MarketBeat Staff
Who knew that something so tiny could create such a big problem? However, that's the case with the semiconductor industry. Chip manufacturers are facing supply chain disruptions due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Semiconductors are in high demand for the big tech companies who need the chips to power the servers for their data centers. But they are also needed for much of the technology we take for granted including laptops, tablets, mobile phones, gaming consoles, and automobiles – a sector that seems to be at the root of the current crisis.
Any weekend mechanic knows that even traditional internal combustion cars are heavily reliant on electronics. In fact, electronic parts and components account for 40% of a new, internal combustion vehicle. That's more than doubled since 2000.
However as it turns out, some manufacturers may have overestimated how soon consumers would be ready for an "all-electric" future. And that meant that they didn't forecast how much demand there would be for the kind of chips needed to do the mundane, but vital tasks of steering, braking, and even powering windows up and down.
Part of the problem is that U.S. businesses are heavily reliant on countries like China and Taiwan for their semiconductors. In fact, only about 12.5% of semiconductor manufacturing is done in the United States.
Of course, this creates a tremendous opportunity for the companies that manufacture these chips. And it comes at a good time. The semiconductor sector is notoriously cyclical and was coming down from the elevated demand for the 5G buildout.
In this special presentation, we'll give you a list of seven semiconductor companies that you can invest in to take advantage of this opportunity.
#1 - Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing (NYSE:TSM)
The first stock on the list is an obvious choice. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing (NYSE:TSM) is the world's largest contract chipmaker. At some point, the United States will have to break away from its reliance on semiconductors from China and Taiwan. But that's a longer-term issue. In the short-term, Taiwan Semiconductor will undoubtedly have a role to play in breaking the current supply shortage.
In fact, the company is planning a $28 billion capital expenditure this year to meet the forecast demand. This includes $12 billion to build a plant in Arizona. That announcement sent the TSM stock price down as the company will have to contend with recently rising rates. But that should be a momentary bump in the road. The company continues to show strong growth. In its most recent quarter, the company reported Non-GAAP EPS growth of nearly 25%. And despite the recent dip, TSM stock is still up 15% in 2021.
About Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co, Ltd. engages in the manufacture and sale of integrated circuits and wafer semiconductor devices. Its chips are used in personal computers and peripheral products; information applications; wired and wireless communications systems products; automotive and industrial equipment including consumer electronics such as digital video compact disc player, digital television, game consoles, and digital cameras.Read More
4 Buy Ratings, 4 Hold Ratings, 0 Sell Ratings.
Consensus Price Target
$139.01 (11.6% Upside)
#2 - Texas Instruments (NASDAQ:TXN)
The automotive sector is one sector suffering from a disrupted supply chain. That is just one of the sectors serviced by Texas Instruments (NASDAQ:TXN). The company is best known as "the calculator company." But it's far more than that. Texas Instruments has a market cap of just over $160 billion as of this writing.
If you believe in the axiom that share price follows earnings (and you should), then you will want to pay attention to TXN stock. The company has delivered an average of 18% earnings per share (EPS) growth over the last three years. So it shouldn't be a huge surprise that TXN stock is up over 55% in that same time period. And the stock is up so far about 8% in 2021.
And for those investors who like to buy companies that have a high amount of insider buying, Texas Instruments checks that box as well. Insiders have a stake in the company that is worth over $200 million.
About Texas Instruments
Texas Instruments Incorporated engages in the design, manufacture, test, and sell analog and embedded semiconductors, which include industrial, automotive, personal electronics, communications equipment, and enterprise systems. It operates through the following segments: Analog and Embedded Processing.Read More
11 Buy Ratings, 9 Hold Ratings, 2 Sell Ratings.
#3 - Teradyne (NASDAQ:TER)
Moving away from traditional chip companies, it's important to look at other areas of the supply chain. The first company to look at in that regard is Teradyne (NASDAQ:TER). The company plays a vital role in providing testing solutions for electronics, such as semiconductors. In fact, testing accounted for over 70% of the company's fourth-quarter revenue.
As global demand for chips continues to stay high, it's logical that Teradyne will generate significant revenue gains. This is on top of the recent year-over-year gains the company reported in its most recent earnings report. Teradyne came in with revenue that was 16% above the same period for the prior year and Non-GAAP EPS was also strong showing a 25% YOY gain.
For the full year, revenue grew 36% and EPS increased 65%. This growth is reflected in the company's stock price which has posted a gain of over 100% in the last 12 months.
About Teradyne
Teradyne, Inc engages in the development and sale of self automatic test systems. It operates through the following segments: Semiconductor Test, Industrial Automation, System Test, and Wireless Test. The Semiconductor Test segment designs, manufactures, and markets semiconductor test products and services.Read More
#4 - ASML Holding (NASDAQ:ASML)
As I mentioned in the introduction, semiconductors are a notoriously cyclical business. ASML Holding (NASDAQ:ASML) has been on the leading edge of this surge in demand. 2018 was a bad year for chip stocks, but demand began to resurge in 2019. And with the onset of the pandemic, whispers began about a potential chip shortage.
ASML Holding builds equipment that fabricates semiconductors. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing is one of ASML Holding's largest customers. Additionally, ASML has a near-monopoly in the sub-sector of chip lithography. This is the printing of patterns onto silicon.
It stands to reason that the company is likely to have a strong catalyst as demand for chips continues throughout 2021. Investors seem to agree. ASML stock is up over 100% in the last 12 months and is up 15% in 2021. The company's fourth-quarter earnings came in above expectations, and the company also announced a 15% increase in its dividend.
About ASML
ASML Holding NV engages in the development, production, marketing, sale and servicing of advanced semiconductor equipment, consisting of lithography related systems. It mainly caters the makers of memory chips and logic chips. The company was founded on April 1, 1984 and is headquartered in Veldhoven, the Netherlands.
#5 - Lam Research (NASDAQ:LRCX)
If you're looking for a different way to play the chip shortage, consider an investment in Lam Research (NASDAQ:LRCX). The company is an integral part of the semiconductor supply chain. Specifically, it makes the equipment that makes semiconductor wafers.
In the 5G rollout, semiconductor stocks moved higher before end-user stocks like Verizon (NYSE:VZ). The same principle is at work here. The company should benefit as semiconductor companies look to ramp up global production. However, Lam is a U.S.-based company that should benefit from what looks like an inevitable shift to onshore fabrication. This would mean it's very likely that the company will see its revenue from the United States grow from the 4% level it reached in 2020.
The company is leading the industry in a manufacturing process known as dry etch that involves precisely removing material with high-tech equipment.
In the company's most recent earnings report, it delivered 34% year-over-year revenue growth and 50% Non-GAAP EPS growth. The company also has strong profitability metrics compared to its peers. LRCX stock is up 21% two months into 2021.
About Lam Research
Lam Research Corp. engages in manufacturing and servicing of wafer processing semiconductor manufacturing equipment. It operates through the following geographical segments: the United States, China, Europe, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan. It offers thin film deposition, plasma etch, photoresist strip, and wafer cleaning.Read More
16 Buy Ratings, 10 Hold Ratings, 0 Sell Ratings.
#6 - Renesas Electronics (OTCMKTS:RNECY)
For those investors who have a high-risk tolerance, Renesas Electronics (OTCMKTS:RNECY) is an intriguing penny stock bet. This is a small Japanese company that may never be more than a penny stock. Nevertheless, it looks to be well-positioned for the coming surge in chip demand.
One of the differences between Renesas and other stocks in this presentation is that it is largely a play on the EV market. But because the company's chips are used in virtually every component of the vehicle, this represents a large opportunity. A significant percentage of the company's revenues comes from the IoT sector. In fact, the two sectors: automotive and IoT have bounced back-and-forth over the last couple of years in terms of providing higher revenue.
RNECY stock is up over 75% in the last 12 months. And the stock is continuing to show strong growth in 2021. In the year-to-date, the stock is up nearly 10%. The company is covered by three analysts and receives two buy ratings and one strong buy rating.
About Renesas Electronics
Renesas Electronics Corp. engages in the design, research, development, manufacture, sale and servicing of semiconductor products. Its products include 'in-vehicle control' semiconductors that control engines and car bodies, and 'car information' semiconductors for in-vehicle information such as navigation systems.Read More
#7 - Applied Materials (NASDAQ:AMAT)
Lam Research may be a more under-the-radar stock. But the leader in the wafer fabrication equipment is Applied Materials (NASDAQ:AMAT). AMAT stock is up 36% year-to-date. And it's easy to see why. The company recently reported $5.16 billion in revenue which was a year-over-year increase of 24%. And Applied Materials also posted a 27% increase in GAAP EPS for the same quarter.
In the short term, Applied Materials will benefit from semiconductor companies needing to increase demand. However, this is a research-forward company that is considered to be the brains behind semiconductors. Thirty percent of the company's employees are in research, and the company invests over $2 billion annually in R&D. This commitment is evident in the company's library of over 14,000 patents.
This means that the company will be the go-to choice for companies engaged in the ongoing push towards the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) applications.
About Applied Materials
Applied Materials, Inc engages in the provision of materials engineering solutions used to produce new chip and advanced display. It operates through the following segments: Semiconductor Systems, Applied Global Services, and Display & Adjacent Markets. The Semiconductor Systems segment includes semiconductor capital equipment for etch, rapid thermal processing, deposition, chemical mechanical planarization, metrology and inspection, wafer packaging, and ion implantation.Read More
The chip shortage could potentially cost the automotive industry over $60 billion in revenue in 2021 says the consulting firm, AlixPartners. That estimate covers the entire supply chain from the dealers and automakers down to the smallest suppliers. And this is exactly the kind of slowdown the U.S. is desperately trying to avoid as the economy continues its recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic.
President Biden is pledging to sign an executive order to launch a review of supply chains. The review will go beyond semiconductor chips and include large-capacity batteries, rare earth minerals, and pharmaceuticals. Anonymous sources familiar with the administration's thinking have said the U.S. may consider a range of actions including financial incentives, tariffs, and/or changes in procurement policies.
However, in late February, General Motors (NYSE: GM) reported that it believes the worst of the company's global chip shortage may be behind it. And some auto manufacturers such as Toyota are thought to have weathered the shortage better than most.
The Biden administration has announced a framework for a slimmed-down $1.5 trillion infrastructure bill. Part of that framework will be a $12,500 tax credit for electric vehicle purchases. That increases the current subsidy by $4,500. And it's music to the ears of EV companies in the United States who are making plans to scale production.
This doesn't mean the country is close to having an EV in every driveway. There is still the issue of a charging infrastructure. The chip shortage will be a headwind on auto production of all types for at least the next several quarters. And many EV companies are not even on the starting blocks yet.
But It does mean that momentum is building. And for investors who retreated to the sideline after the EV bubble burst in early 2021, it may be time to get back in the game.
In this special presentation, we're looking at seven stocks that stand to benefit from these subsidies in the United States.
View the "7 Electric Vehicle Stocks That Are Ready to Charge Higher" Here.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Reading and share top 10 Freeman A Hrabowski III famous quotes and sayings.
Browse top 10 most favorite famous quotes and sayings by Freeman A Hrabowski III.
A drunkard is one thing, and a temperate man is quite another."
What Did Freeman A. Hrabowski III Talk About?


Large trucks hauling earth-moving equipment and 30,000 tons of sand began appearing on Longboat Key streets this month as part of the Town's month-long North End Interim Re-nourishment Project.
Project contractor, Earth Tech Enterprises of Naples, will be working 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. Monday to Saturday to ensure the project is completed in one month, possibly less.
The North Shore public beach access will be closed during the duration of this project. Road Closure/Limited Access along North Shore Road from Joy Street to the public beach access will be in place for the duration of the construction. Parking along North Shore Road will be restricted.


QE - or 'quantitative easing' - is a once-in-a-generation financial phenomenon: there is no remotely similar parallel to refer to in order to understand the potential consequences.
It started out as a bold (some would say 'last ditch') attempt to generate growth in the UK economy. And now, with sleight-of-hand accounting the Bank of England is transferring the income it has earned from QE back to the Treasury.
On top of QE the Debt Management Office holds about £50 bn in gilts at any one time (during the financial crisis this was up to nearly £200 bn). They hold it because gilts are used as a monetary tool to control the the rate at which banks pay or get rewarded for holding reserves matches the target interest rate set by the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC).
"The Bank of England electronically creates new money and uses it to purchase gilts from private investors such as pension funds and insurance companies. These investors typically do not want to hold on to this money, because it yields a low return. So they tend to use it to purchase other assets, such as corporate bonds and shares. That lowers longer-term borrowing costs and encourages the issuance of new equities and bonds."
As QE concentrated on shorter-dated gilts (the first mature in March 2013), this increased 'demand' pushed up the prices of these gilts - and, because the yields/prices of all gilts are related, pushed up prices on all gilts (including 'perpetuals', such as Consols, which I sold at an unexpected profit).
Debt can only be reduced once the deficit is replaced by a surplus, or reduced as a proportion of GDP, by growth expanding faster than debt. However with a deficit of over 8%, the latter isn't going to happen, despite the rhetoric that growth is the only solution.
The price of Government debt is set by interest rate required to sell the gilts, which in turn is a function of the risk rating of the debt. For the UK Government, this is still AAA, but if this is downgraded, this would result in higher debt costs and an even harder job in reducing the deficit.
The overall out-turn on QE will depend on the price that the BoE gets for the gilts when they are sold. The interest payments were being set aside by the BoE to cover any losses the BoE might make on the eventual receipts from sales (or maturity payments). But as the Treasury has undertaken to reimburse any capital losses, this cash has now been transferred. And as it doesn't look like the BoE will be in a position to start selling gilts any time soon.
Many of the gilts bought by the BoE were trading above par, so if the BoE holds them until maturity, it will make a capital loss. When the gilts mature, the par value will be repaid by the DMO, which in turn will have to issue new gilts to pay for it. But when the market returns to 'normal' the DMO will probably have to borrow at much higher interest rates than it does today.
Gilt price prices are currently at a 250-year high: effectively a gilt bubble. When this bubble bursts, the BoE will be register a significant loss, that the Treasury will have to meet - through increased debt.
And this rapid growth in money supply may well be more inflationary than it currently seems.
It is difficult to see how all of these difficulties will be dealt with successfully. So, there will be a price to pay after all - but the bill will become dues onlyafter 2015, by a new Government - probably some new Lib/Lab or Lib/Con coalition.
The fall in yields in gilts has encouraged investors to look to other fixed-income sources, such as corporate bonds and blue-chip dividend shares: their prices have also increased (and their yields have fallen). Financial markets are all connected and DIY Income Investors should be looking at a big capital gain this year (my own portfolio is showing something like a 20% capital gain).
What is more, either the economy with recover, and inflation will reappear, or the economy will remain stagnant and the UK Governments risk rating will be downgraded as it struggles to makes ends meet. None of this will be good for Sterling.
The most likely successful strategy for the DIY Income Investor will be to gradually realise capital gains now by selling and hold more cash, in order to repurchase the assets later more cheaply. But this is easier said than done, as holding cash in an ISA or a SIPP is not usually well rewarded.


So, you've decided to do an AIP elimination. It's time. You're committed!
You've reviewed the Yes/No list, saved posts from some of your favorite bloggers, and maybe even purchased a cookbook or two.
Nothing can stop you now! Except...the grocery store?
We know that navigating grocery store aisles (or even the virtual aisles of your favorite e-commerce store) gets even tougher when you're avoiding eggs, nuts, and dairy. But did you know those aren't the only sneaky ingredients you should be looking out for?
Have you signed up for a Strength in Food subscription yet? It's the best way to discover new, 100% AIP products without the endless hours of searching!
In this post, we'll explore a few of the trickier ingredients that could sabotage your AIP so you can shop informed!
It's unlikely that you'll find cayenne or jalapeno just sneaking into your food. Surely you'd notice the heat, right?
But chili, tomato, and eggplant aren't the only nightshades you should look out for. Paprika is in the same family and has a nasty habit of sneaking into spice blends you really, really want to use on roasted vegetables.
Paprika is actuallyderived from peppers, and some varieties are blended with even more pepper to create heat or sweetness. This means paprika has the same inflammatory properties as other nightshades, and it's not allowed during the elimination phase of the AIP.
Be especially vigilant for paprika in spice blends, seasonings, and pre-made sausages or deli meat.
Alternative: Primal Palate's fantasticEveryday AIP Blends include Super Gyro, Breakfast Blend, and Garlic & Herb.
Paleo Powder'sAIP Paleo Powder makes a great seasoning salt alternative for roasted veggies.
KC Natural's AIP Meat and Veggie Seasoning,Seasoned Sea Salt, andMastodon Rub are perfectly AIP options for all your seasoning needs.
The list of emulsifiers is long and ever-evolving, so it's understandable that you might not be up-to-date with "what's in" and "what's out." And even if you're shopping in the "healthy section" of the grocery store, you're likely to find Xanthan gum, guar gum, carrageenan, or lecithin on ingredient lists.
The main argument against these ingredients is, like alcohol, their ability to disrupt our gut barrier function. They variously increase intestinal permeability, feed negative bacteria, and reduce our ability to absorb key nutrients. Check outthis fabulous postfrom Dr. Ballantyne for more!
When you're shopping for the AIP, you're most likely to see these ingredients in products that need to maintain a creamy consistency without actually using cream. It might sneak into a container of store-bought coconut milk or carton of coconut milk creamer. Instead, look for brands that use only coconut!
Alternative: Coconut milk really does make AIP cooking easier, so if you don't tolerate stabilizers like guar gum, it's worth seeking a version that contains simply coconut and water. International supermarkets are a great place to look!
Soy has a way of sneaking into so many of our store-bought foods. Soy lecithin is a common binder you should look out for on product labels, and soy sauce is often found in sauces.
We know that in addition to being extremely estrogenic, soy is a lectin, meaning it has the potential to increase intestinal permeability. According to our Co-Founder Dr. Sarah Ballantyne, soy is also a common source of glyphosate,a chemical linked to Celiac disease.
Since improving gut health is one of the AIP's main goals, this is the opposite of what we want!
One of the sneakiest places you'll often find soy is in store-bought chicken broth. So make your own at home, or check out our alternative.
Alternative: Bare BonesClassic Chicken,Classic Turkey, andClassic Rosemary and Lemon are a flavorful and fantastic alternative to grocery store brands, and are so fresh they require refrigeration. They're made the same way you'd cook broth at home, ensure you're getting all the beneficial collagen and minerals without the icky additives. It's a close second to making your own broth!
Besides avoiding the obvious sources of alcohol (you know that glass of wine isn't AIP, so we won't rub it in!) you'll also need to keep a weather eye out for alcohol-based extracts like vanilla and almond.
We avoid alcohol on the AIP because even small amounts of alcohol can feed negative bacteria in the gut.
According to Dr. Ballantyne, "it boils down to the fact that those with autoimmune disease have more sensitive systems and face more challenges to healing a leaky gut than others." You might find you tolerate a small amount of alcohol, like that which is found in extracts, after you've completed the initial elimination stages of the AIP.
You might feel a bit like this is crushing your hopes of AIP baking. We get it! But there's hope. High-quality vanilla bean is an indulgent alternative.
Alternative:You might feel a bit like this is crushing your hopes of AIP baking. We get it! Don't despair, because high-quality vanilla bean is an indulgent alternative. Look for vanilla bean pods in the spice aisle, rather than jarred (often those contain emulsifiers). A little goes a long way!
The bad news? No matter how you slice it, chocolate isn't AIP. This switch is often a tough one for those transitioning to the protocol from a traditional Paleo diet, where dark chocolate is a common sweet snack.
While chocolate itself might not sneak into your grocery cart (after all, it's popular enough that anything chocolate is likely to say so on the label!) it's important to note that cocoa powder is a no-no too.
Especially if you're relying on Paleo or simply grain-free recipes, you might find it difficult to navigate baking without cocoa. Plenty of grain-free recipes feature cocoa powder or dark chocolate, but this indulgence is best avoided during the elimination phase of the protocol, so we're here to point you toward an alternative!
Alternative:Carob Powder is the AIP community's go-to replacement for chocolate. It has a similarly dark flavor, and while nothing is likely to replace good old cocoa, you might find you like it's natural sweetness.
Whether you're new to the AIP or it feels like second nature, it pays to stay vigilant. These sneaky ingredients that aren't AIP have a habit of jumping into our carts when we aren't paying attention.
Still overwhelmed by the long list of ingredients in your snack aisle? We'd love to help!Strength in Food is dedicated to introducing you to the best AIP products, plus the resources and education you need to stay informed and inspired.
At Strength in Food, we diligently screen every product before shipping it to you each month.
Our team takes the guesswork out of the AIP with new foods, resources, recipes, and meal plans delivered each month. No scouring labels or feeling lost in the grocery store aisles! Give yourself the support you need to heal when you sign up for Strength in Food today.
If you're ready to take some weight off your shoulders,sign up for a Strength in Food subscription today!


text:
This small JavaScript utility is designed for creating secret keyboard codes to be entered on a website. For instance, when the user enters the Konami Code, they could get a hidden easter egg.

##Installation

Install is available using [Bower](http://bower.io).

```bash
bower install SecretCode
```

##Usage

```js
// Create the code to listen for and how long the user has to
// enter is before it times out
var secret = new SecretCode(SecretCode.KONAMI, 2500);

// Listen for the success event
secret.on('success', function(){
	// Do something special here
	alert('You found me!');
});
```

##Documentation

###Methods

####SecretCode ( code, [timeThreshold=3000] )

__Parameters__

* __code__ *Array* - The array of keyCodes which constitutes a secret code
* __[timeThreshold=3000]__ *int* - The number of milliseconds the user has to enter the code, the default is 3 seconds.

__Example__

```js
var secret = new SecretCode([
	Keyboard.UP,
    Keyboard.UP,
    Keyboard.SPACEBAR
    Keyboard.HOME], 2000);
```

####on ( name, [callback] )

Add an event listener.

__Parameters__

* __name__ *String|Dictionary* - The type of event (can be multiple events separated by spaces), or a dictionary of event string to function handlers.
* __[callback]__ *Function|Array* - The callback function when event is fired or an array of callbacks.

__Example__

```js

// Using a single string as the event handler
secret.on('success', function(){
	alert('YUP!');
});

// Using a dictionary map for the events
secret.on({
	success : function(){ alert('YUP!'); ),
    timeout : function(){ alert('Oops!'); ),
    failed : function(){ alert('Bummer!'); )
})
```

####off ( [name], [callback] )

Remove an event listener.

__Parameters__

* __[name]__ *String|Object* - The type of event string separated by spaces, if no name is specifed remove all listeners.
* __[callback]__ *Function|Array* - The listener function or collection of callback functions. If no callback is defined, removes all listeners by name.

__Example__

```js
// Remove all success and timeout handlers
secret.off('success timeout');
```

####trigger ( type, [params] )

Dispatch an event.

__Parameters__

* __type__ *String* - The event string name.
* __params__ - Additional parameters to pass with the event.

####reset ()

Reset the object to it's original listening state.

####destroy ()

Destroy the object and remove all references and does any internal cleanup. Don't use after calling this.

----

###Events

* __success__ `SecretCode.SUCCESS` The secret code was entered successfully.
* __failed__ `SecretCode.FAILED` The secret code failed to match.
* __timeout__ `SecretCode.TIMEOUT` The code was not entered within `timeThreshold` parameter in the constructor.

----

###Properties

* __SecretCode.KONAMI__ *Array* - Built-in code. A collection of keyboard codes matching: up, up, down, down, left, right, left, right, B, A.

##Rebuilding

Rebuilding the source code is fairly straightforward, but requires some additional tools. Here are the dependencies. Note: everything but Ant can be installed easily with [npm](https://npmjs.org/).

* [Apache Ant](https://ant.apache.org/)
* [jshint](http://www.jshint.com/)
* [uglifyjs](https://github.com/mishoo/UglifyJS)
* [yuidocs](http://yui.github.io/yuidoc/) *[optional]* Only required if rebuilding the docs

From the Terminal or the command-line run the task `ant buildAll`. This will rebuild the minified, uncompressed and debug versions.

##License

Copyright (c) 2013 [Matt Karl](http://github.com/bigtimebuddy)

Released under the MIT License.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: The first part of this htaccess rule is working but the second part is not working The first part of this htaccess rule is working but the second part is not working. I am attempting to create two blogs on a single site. So while viewpost.php collects data from one table in my database, ss-viewpost.php collects data from a completely different table. The RewriteRule enables the title slug to be at the end of the URL.
How can I fix this?
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /tms/

RewriteRule ^c-(.*)$ catpost.php?id=$1 [L]
RewriteRule ^a-(.*)-(.*)$ archives.php?month=$1&year=$2 [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ viewpost.php?id=$1 [QSA,L]

RewriteRule ^c-(.*)$ ss-catpost.php?id=$2 [L]
RewriteRule ^a-(.*)-(.*)$ archives.php?month=$1&year=$2 [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ ss-viewpost.php?id=$2 [QSA,L]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
(-) Programme (1)
Armed conflict (2)
Humanitarian action and emergencies (1)
(-) Migrant and refugee crisis (2)
Migration and refugee crisis (1)
Refugee and migrant children (3)
(-) Vaccines (3)
ECA (10)
(-) Ukraine (4)
Increasing immunization coverage is priority for Ukrainian Government – Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine
https://www.unicef.org/eca/press-releases/increasing-immunization-coverage-priority-ukraine
KYIV, 24 October 2016 – Ukrainian Vice Prime Minister Pavlo Rozenko, representatives of the Ukrainian Government and the Presidential Administration have expressed their commitment to restore the routine immunization programme in Ukraine. Speaking at a high-level roundtable on immunization, organized by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and UNICEF on the occasion of World Polio Day, Vice Prime Minister Rozenko said: "Evidence-based medicine confirms the effectiveness of vaccines to prevent diseases such as polio, tetanus or whooping cough. Increasing the rates of immunization coverage is an important task and a priority of the government and a matter of national security." Ukraine currently has the lowest routine immunization rates in the world. According to the Ministry of Health data, only 30 percent of children in Ukraine were fully immunized against measles, only 10 percent against hepatitis B, and only 3 percent against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus, as of August 2016. Moreover, only 44 percent of children under 18 months of age were fully immunized against polio. Shortage of vaccine supplies has been one of the main reasons behind the critically low immunization rates in the past years. To address this, at the request of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, UNICEF has procured a number of high quality certified vaccines to protect children against dangerous vaccine-preventable diseases, namely tuberculosis (BCG), measles, mumps and rubella (MMR), hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP), tetanus and diphtheria vaccine for adults (Td), paediatric diphtheria and tetanus (DT), rabies, and bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV). The vaccines are now available in health facilities across the country. "This time last year, Ukraine was dealing with a polio outbreak. The comprehensive outbreak response was successfully implemented with the help of international partners, but this success is still fragile", said Marie-Pierre Poirier, UNICEF Regional Director for Europe and Central Asia. "With such low routine immunization coverage, Ukraine is still at risk of outbreaks of long-forgotten diseases. Today, with millions of doses of vaccines available across the country, there is no reason to delay vaccination. Being vaccinated is fundamental to guarantee child's right to health and now more than ever, it is important for Ukraine to put in place a strong and effective immunization programme," she added. Speaking at the event, Professor David Salisbury, Chairman of the European Regional Certification Commission for Poliomyelitis Eradication said: "The polio cases in 2015 in Ukraine happened as a direct consequence of failings in the provision of vaccines for children. Efforts have been made to redress these problems but there is still more that needs to be done to give the children of Ukraine protection from vaccine preventable diseases. I am greatly encouraged by the commitments that have been made today and I look forward to being able to remove Ukraine from our list of polio high-risk countries." Representatives of the Governments of Canada and the United States of America, who provided funding for the polio outbreak response last year, reaffirmed their support for restoring the routine immunization programme in Ukraine. "Canada worked hard last year with Ukraine's Health Ministry to get nationwide polio vaccination restarted. We are grateful to the thousands of doctors who helped vaccinate millions of children. This year, we are happy to see that the UN has made more vaccines available. But still, far too many children are not routinely fully vaccinated. I urge Ukrainian parents to take advantage of these free vaccines and protect their children from completely unnecessary illnesses," said H.E. Roman Waschuk, Ambassador of Canada to Ukraine, speaking at the Roundtable today. "Ukraine must continue to build on the great progress that has been made globally to eradicate polio," explained USAID Ukraine Director Susan Fritz. "These positive developments will only have the necessary impact if there is strong and visible political support from leadership at all levels of the Ukrainian Government." "Myths about vaccination that have been spread in recent years are not rooted in evidence-based medicine. As a result, Ukraine has been dealing with cases of diseases that have been long-forgotten in the rest of the world. It is important that the Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine, the Government and our international partners recognize the problem and are willing to work together with the Ministry of Health of Ukraine to resolve it. Increasing vaccination coverage rates in the country is our priority. This is not only a question of health and life of the citizens of Ukraine. This is a national security issue," said Dr Ulana Suprun, Acting Minister of Health of Ukraine. "Necessary vaccines are available in all regions of the country. I appeal to all citizens who care about their life and health: get vaccinated and vaccinate your children," added Dr Suprun. Nurse Ivana Knysh administers Maksym, 5, with a Hepatitis B vaccine as he holds his mother's hand, at Novoselytsi Family Medical Facility, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. UNICEF/UN060132/Oleksii Nurse Ivana Knysh administers Maksym, 5, with a Hepatitis B vaccine as he holds his mother's hand, at Novoselytsi Family Medical Facility, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine.
Alarming global surge of measles cases a growing threat to children
https://www.unicef.org/eca/press-releases/alarming-global-surge-measles-cases-growing-threat-children
NEW YORK, 1 March 2019 – UNICEF warned today that global cases of measles are surging to alarmingly high levels, led by ten countries accounting for more than 74 per cent of the total increase, and several others that had previously been declared measles free. Countries with ten highest increases in cases between 2017 & 2018 1 1. Ukraine 30,338 2. Philippines 13,192 3. Brazil 10,262 4. Yemen 6,641 5. Venezuela 4,916 6. Serbia 4,355 7. Madagascar 4,307 8. Sudan 3,496 9. Thailand 2,758 10. France 2,269 Globally, 98 countries reported more cases of measles in 2018 compared to 2017, eroding progress against this highly preventable, but potentially deadly disease. Ukraine, the Philippines and Brazil saw the largest increases in measles cases from 2017 to 2018. In Ukraine alone, there were 35,120 cases of measles in 2018. According to the government, another 24,042 people were infected just in the first two months of 2019. In the Philippines so far this year, there have been 12,736 measles cases and 203 deaths 2 , compared to 15,599 cases in the whole of 2018. "This is a wake up call. We have a safe, effective and inexpensive vaccine against a highly contagious disease – a vaccine that has saved almost a million lives every year over the last two decades," said Henrietta H. Fore, UNICEF's Executive Director. "These cases haven't happened overnight. Just as the serious outbreaks we are seeing today took hold in 2018, lack of action today will have disastrous consequences for children tomorrow." Measles is highly contagious, more so than Ebola, tuberculosis or influenza. The virus can be contracted by someone up to two hours after an infected person has left a room. It spreads through air and infects the respiratory tract, potentially killing malnourished children or babies too young to be vaccinated. Once infected, there is no specific treatment for measles, so vaccination is a life-saving tool for children. In response to these outbreaks, UNICEF and its partners are supporting governments to urgently reach millions of children in countries around the globe. For example: In Ukraine, UNICEF has provided ongoing support to accelerate routine immunization across the country and address vaccine hesitancy, including additional efforts to stop the most recent outbreak that has claimed 30 lives since 2017. In February, the Ministry of Health, with UNICEF's support, launched an immunization drive at schools and clinics in the worst-hit Lviv region in western Ukraine, where negative attitudes toward immunization, and previous shortages in vaccine supply, have resulted in low vaccination rates. In the Philippines, the government, with support from UNICEF and partners, will conduct a campaign to vaccinate 9 million children against measles across 17 regions. Using social media, campaigners plan to encourage apprehensive parents, and health workers. In Brazil, from August to September 2018, the government carried out a campaign against polio and measles, targeting more than 11 million children under five. UNICEF encouraged people to get vaccinated, and trained health monitors working in migrant shelters for Venezuelans. UNICEF has included the measles vaccine as part of the Municipal Seal programme that covers 1,924 municipalities. In Yemen, where years of conflict led to an outbreak, local authorities with support from UNICEF, WHO and GAVI vaccinated more than 11.5 million children in February. In Madagascar, from 3 September to 21 February, 76,871 people were infected by measles and 928 died, a majority of which were children. In January, the government, with support of partners including UNICEF, launched an immunization campaign to target all 114 districts. Over 2 million children were immunized in 25 districts. In February, 1.4 million children were vaccinated, with another 3.9 million more to follow in March. Notable reported measles cases in 2018 in countries with no reported cases in 2017 Brazil 10,262 Moldova 312 Montenegro 203 Colombia 188 Timor-Leste 59 Peru 38 Chile 23 Uzbekistan 17 Poor health infrastructure, civil strife, low community awareness, complacency and vaccine hesitancy in some cases have led to these outbreaks in both developed and developing countries. For example, in the United States, the number of measles cases increased six-fold between 2017 and 2018, reaching 791 cases 3 . More recently, the U.S. has seen outbreaks in New York and Washington state. "Almost all of these cases are preventable, and yet children are getting infected even in places where there is simply no excuse," said Fore. "Measles may be the disease, but, all too often, the real infection is misinformation, mistrust and complacency. We must do more to accurately inform every parent, to help us safely vaccinate every child." To fight measles, UNICEF is issuing an urgent appeal to governments, health care providers, and parents to do more to contain the disease by: Understanding that vaccines are safe and effective and can save a child's life Vaccinating all children between the ages of six months to five years during outbreaks Training and equipping health workers so they can provide quality services Strengthening immunization programmes to deliver all life-saving vaccines Notes to editors Download photos and broll here. About the Measles and Rubella Initiative UNICEF is part of the Measles and Rubella Initiative , a private-public partnership of five global partners including WHO, CDC, United Nations Foundation and American Red Cross that has been spearheading a global push towards measles and rubella elimination. 1 The analysis is based on WHO's global measles and rubella data of 194 countries for the year 2017 and 2018,released as of 9 January 2019. To know more, click here . The analysis is based on the total confirmed cases of measles. A more recent dataset was released as of 11 February 2019 after the publication of the release. These data are considered provisional, until they are finalized around mid-year, to allow time for reporting lag to be addressed. 2 Until 23 February 2019. For the source, click here . 3 Correction: "the number of measles cases increased over three-fold between 2017 and 2018, reaching 372 cases." Correction updates a data error in the original source. Maryana Dzuba, 9, receives her first dose of MMR vaccine on 21 February 2019 in the medical centre of the Lapaivka village school, Lviv region, Ukraine, as part of a three-week long catch-up vaccination campaign to increase MMR coverage among school aged children in the region. UNICEF/UN0284080/ Dyachyshyn Maryana Dzuba, 9, receives her first dose of MMR vaccine on 21 February 2019 in the medical centre of the Lapaivka village school, Lviv region, Ukraine, as part of a three-week long catch-up vaccination campaign to increase MMR coverage among school aged children in the region.
Ukraine to receive $2.8 million worth of cold chain equipment to support COVID vaccination
https://www.unicef.org/eca/press-releases/ukraine-receive-28-million-worth-cold-chain-equipment-support-covid-vaccination
Kyiv 25 October 2021 - The Ministry of Health of Ukraine in partnership with UNICEF, and with financial support from the US Government through USAID, starts an unprecedented upgrade to the cold chain for vaccines at the national level, in the context of COVID pandemic. To meet immediate needs, a total of $2.8 million provided by USAID will be used by UNICEF to procure WHO-prequalified passive cooling equipment to ensure safe and efficient transport and temporary storage of vaccines for primary health care facilities and mobile teams. The USAID donation will provide equipment to some 3,100 vaccination sites nationwide, including 1,034 sites based at primary healthcare facilities and nearly 800 mobile teams. The equipment will include: 5,643 cold boxes, 8,100 vaccine carriers, 197,730 ice-packs, 27,486 temperature monitoring devices The first batch of equipment arrived on September 30, and includes 2,700 vaccine carriers that can keep COVID-19 vaccines between +2 to +8°C. This equipment can also be used in the future for routine vaccines included in the national immunization schedule. "Every adult person in Ukraine has a chance to get a vaccination against COVID-19 today. We have enough vaccines to immunize 70 percent of the population by the end of the year. The Ministry is expecting to receive more COVID-19 vaccines in October-November. We are grateful to partners helping us ensure safe transport and temporary storage of the larger amount of vaccines we are receiving," said Ihor Kuzin, Deputy Minister of Health, Chief State Sanitary Doctor of Ukraine. "The U.S. Government, as the largest donor to COVAX, is proud to partner with the Ministry of Health, UNICEF, and the international community in this historic effort to rapidly scale up COVID-19 vaccines. This investment in Ukraine's cold chain system will help ensure that vaccination sites across the country can transport and store vaccines at the proper temperature. This will increase Ukrainians' access to safe, high-quality COVID 19 vaccines - and will strengthen the national immunization system," said James Hope, the USAID Mission Director. "Reliable cold chain is a key to the success of any immunization program. Systemic large-scale update of the cold chain has long been on the agenda in Ukraine. At UNICEF, we are happy to support this important cause and grateful to the US Government for their valuable contribution that makes this update possible. The equipment we start delivering will serve the people of Ukraine in COVID vaccination campaign and will remain to support routine immunization", said Murat Sahin, UNICEF Representative in Ukraine. To date, USAID has committed an estimated $10 million to support Ukraine's vaccination efforts, and donated approximately 2.2 million COVID-19 vaccines directly to Ukraine through COVAX. USAID funds also support technical assistance and training of health workers in the transport and storage of vaccines, and are helping to expand nationwide communications efforts. By meeting the most urgent needs, USAID's contribution is expected to complement investments from the World Bank, UNICEF, COVAX and the Government of Ukraine to upgrade permanent cold chain infrastructure for both COVID and routine vaccination in the future. Support to strengthen the cold chain in Ukraine is part of USAID's broader assistance to respond to and mitigate the effects of COVID-19 amounting to more than $50 million total since the outbreak began in Ukraine. COVID-19 vacccines. UNICEF
UNICEF seeks $3.6 billion in emergency assistance for 48 million children caught up in catastrophic humanitarian crises
https://www.unicef.org/eca/press-releases/unicef-seeks-36-billion-emergency-assistance-48-million-children-caught-catastrophic
NEW YORK/GENEVA, 30 January 2018 – UNICEF Humanitarian Action for Children 2018 UNICEF appealed today for $3.6 billion to provide lifesaving humanitarian assistance to 48 million children living through conflict, natural disasters and other emergencies in 51 countries in 2018. Around the world, violent conflict is driving humanitarian needs to critical levels, with children especially vulnerable. Conflicts that have endured for years – such as those in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Iraq, Nigeria, South Sudan, Syria and Yemen, among other countries – continue to deepen in complexity, bringing new waves of violence, displacement and disruption to children's lives. "Children cannot wait for wars to be brought to an end, with crises threatening the immediate survival and long term future of children and young people on a catastrophic scale," said UNICEF Director of Emergency Programmes, Manuel Fontaine. "Children are the most vulnerable when conflict or disaster causes the collapse of essential services such as healthcare, water and sanitation. Unless the international community takes urgent action to protect and provide life-saving assistance to these children, they face an increasingly bleak future." Parties to conflicts are showing a blatant disregard for the lives of children. Children are not only coming under direct attack, but are also being denied basic services as schools, hospitals and civilian infrastructure are damaged or destroyed. Approximately 84 per cent ($3.015 billion) of the 2018 funding appeal is for work in countries affected by humanitarian crises borne of violence and conflict. The world is becoming a more dangerous place for many children, with almost one in four children now living in a country affected by conflict or disaster. For too many of these children, daily life is a nightmare. The spread of water-borne diseases is one of the greatest threats to children's lives in crises. Attacks on water and sanitation infrastructure, siege tactics which deny children access to safe water, as well as forced displacement into areas with no water and sanitation infrastructure – all leave children and families at risk of relying on contaminated water and unsafe sanitation. Girls and women face additional threats, as they often fulfil the role of collecting water for their families in dangerous situations. "117 million people living through emergencies lack access to safe water and in many countries affected by conflict, more children die from diseases caused by unclean water and poor sanitation than from direct violence," said Fontaine. "Without access to safe water and sanitation, children fall ill, and are often unable to be treated as hospitals and health centres either do not function or are overcrowded. The threat is even greater as millions of children face life-threatening levels of malnutrition, making them more susceptible to water-borne diseases like cholera, creating a vicious cycle of undernutrition and disease." As the leading humanitarian agency on water, sanitation and hygiene in emergencies, UNICEF provides over half of the emergency water, sanitation and hygiene services in humanitarian crises around the world. When disasters strike, UNICEF works with partners to quickly provide access to safe drinking water, sanitation services and hygiene supplies to prevent the spread of disease. This includes establishing latrines, distributing hygiene kits, trucking thousands of litres of water to displacement camps daily, supporting hospitals and cholera treatment centres, and repairing water and sanitation systems. These measures save lives, have long-term impact and pave the way for other important services like health clinics, vaccination programmes, nutrition support and emergency education. The largest component of UNICEF's appeal this year is for children and families caught up in the Syria conflict, soon to enter its eighth year. UNICEF is seeking almost $1.3 billion to support 6.9 million Syrian children inside Syria and those living as refugees in neighbouring countries. Working with partners and with the support of donors, in 2018 UNICEF aims to: Provide 35.7 million people with access to safe water; Reach 8.9 million children with formal or non-formal basic education; Immunize 10 million children against measles; Provide psychosocial support to over 3.9 million children; Treat 4.2 million children with severe acute malnutrition. In the first ten months of 2017, as a result of UNICEF's support: 29.9 million people were provided with access to safe water; 13.6 million children were vaccinated against measles; 5.5 million children accessed some form of education; 2.5 million children were treated for severe acute malnutrition; 2.8 million children accessed psycho-social support. Sonia, 14 remembers the teachers helping to her calm down. UNICEF/UN0312564/Filippov


"I could not be more pleased with our new kitchen and with our experience with this builder, his crew, the price, the quality of his materials and workmanship, and the quality of his selected subcontractors. This was a very extensive remodeling project, which basically took our house from the 1950s into the 21st century. My first goal was to obtain a design which would open up the kitchen, dinette and dining room space and make it more usable by visually connecting them, and repurposing the existing dinette space to an in-kitchen office area. Mr. Moore patiently provided me with numerous design iterations until we had one that clicked. He was adamant that I needed to be completely happy with the design before proceeding. I don't know how many he gave me (8? 9?). But Mr. Moore was very good about providing reasonable estimates and forewarning me about possible change orders. He also told me exactly what his work would cover so I could budget my other costs for the project, such as furniture, pendant lights and window coverings. He itemized the costs so that when deciding upon the final contract, I could decide which "bells and whistles" I wanted to pay for. I think that his price was completely reasonable, which, when combined with the high quality of the work, the excellent communication throughout, and the timeliness with which the job was finished, simply cannot be beat."
"We called Moore Home Remodeling - MHR - to come by and take a look at our drop ceiling in the basement. It was sagging and unattractive and needed to be replaced. They were very prompt with the initial estimate and due to family issues, we had to delay the job by 4-6 months. They stayed in contact with us during the hiatus and when we were ready to start, they was no delay on there part and the start was seamless. They did an amazing job with the ceiling and the estimate was exactly what we paid. We were able to select the tiles we wanted and they installed them beautifully. Excellent work MHR! We will be calling again for future needs and referring out to friends and family with confidence!"
"Brent, the owner of Moore Home Remodeling, met with us to initially update our kitchen. Brent is a patient man as my wife and I continued to work through the project and revised what we wanted to do as the project moved along. Eventually, we ended up with a total remodeling of the kitchen and laundry room and a wonderful update to the half bath next to our kitchen. Brent was very creative and offered lots of choices as well as his personal advice. That was all very valuable and most appreciated.
When the work began, his small dedicated crew were absolutely top notch. They all were sticklers for detail and I often heard phone conversations in which they would consult with each other on the best approach to various challenges as the work proceeded. I happened to be present the day the building inspector came through. He made an off hand comment to Sam, Crew Chief, just before he left. "Sam, you sure do quality work." Well, that was music to my ears and I couldn't agree more. Our kitchen is absolutely amazing.
We just recently had a neighborhood party and two of my neighbors are now having Brent provide estimates for remodeling of their bathrooms. That, to me, speaks volumes. My wife and I are looking forward to working with Brent again when we update our upstairs bathrooms. Many thanks to Brent, Sam, and the rest of the crew for taking such good care of us and being so detailed in their work."
"My wife and I were very much at ease and comfortable working with Brent Moore (owner) from the very beginning. Brent was very patient with us and visited several times before we committed to the project to fully understand what we wanted and our budget and to answer any questions we had. We also communicated frequently via phone and email. Brent was very helpful in offering some great suggestions for designing the shower area that we would never have thought of. Throughout the project, Brent kept us informed on the status of the project. The crew was very professional, courteous and cleaned up after themselves on a daily basis. Plastic runners were also placed on the floors/carpet from the house entry up to the bathroom to keep dirt/dust off. Project was completed on time and within budget. The bathroom and shower look beautiful and we couldn't be happier. We highly recommend Moore Home Remodeling for your remodeling job."
"This was our first time doing any type of major demolition/reconstruction project and it went very well. From the beginning, both Brent and Diana were very attentive to our needs and guided us through the design process with good insight and a clear understanding of what we were trying to achieve.
Both Brent and Diana were very responsive to every question and or need and were very flexible to communicating in a way that suited our busy lives (we did a lot of communicating over email because we preferred that method).
I appreciated Diana's insight on what 'look' I was trying to achieve in the kitchen and she guided me expertly - she really understood what I wanted to do and always gave me great ideas and was available for all my questions.
As the project kicked off, the crew that did the work arrived every day at a consistent time and got to work. I was there to see their work and progress and they worked hard, consistently, and showed up every day to do work. Any time an issue came up (as there were surprises because of attributes of my older home), Brent always came over immediately, explained the issue in detail and gave us options. Brent was always accessible and responsive and I appreciated it. At no point did I feel like my project was stalled or off track. I felt like I got full attention. I really did appreciate Brent's work style. I feel that he was always honest with us and he did right by us in all situations that came up. He had a tremendous attention to detail and ensured that our project was 'right' and corrected things that our eye did not pick up.
The key points about my kitchen that I think really set it apart and I think are a direct reflection of the excellent guidance/work I got from this company: 1) my cabinets are absolutely beautiful and are of excellent quality - for what I paid I got every pennies worth; 2) my Granicrete countertops that are truly a masterpiece work of art. My countertops were done by Rodney who is clearly an artist and created a phenomenal look for my counters; 3) the design of my kitchen and how it is configured is absolutely fantastic; Diana took an incredibly small space and made it incredibly functional as well as appear to be triple it's size; 4) my Marmoleum Click floor; Diana gave me the courage to use this product and the design that the crew was able to install from my "vision" is absolutely beautiful. I would highly recommend this company."
"Budget: Other estimates received for the same work was well over the final cost.
Contract: The contract was broken down by fixtures/and other material (tile/hardware/fixtures/etc). This assisted in knowing the allowance for each item when picking the material out. The contract was well written and had the draws outlined so I knew what to expect.
Design: We knew what we wanted from a layout perspective, for the details Diana worked with us to firm up our decisions. This really helped to put the pieces together. She gave us names of places to pick out the fixtures and tile. By having the allowance numbers for all the fixtures and tile, I was able to make decisions on where I wanted to splurge or stay within my budget.
Work: The workers where on site as promised and worked all day. They arrived promptly in the morning and were very pleasant, including working around my 2 dogs. Brent/Diana were available anytime for any questions. All of the subcontractors involved arrived on time and were pleasant and thorough. All permits were pulled as expected. Brent, Diana and the workers were very conscientious and willing to work with me through any issues that came up. They strive to keep the customer happy. I would recommend Moore Home Remodeling to anyone. They were a pleasure to work with."
"We could not be happier with Brent and his crew. They showed up on time and worked every day, all day. The quality of their work was wonderful and they did not leave even the smallest detail half done. I will use him again in a second. We had him bid against two other companies and his pricing was aggressive. He made the point up front that his bid was an estimate and the final quote would come when he sourced the materials. We accepted this and gave him the job conditional on his final price. He came in below both the other companies and his final bid was full and detailed. We gave Brent an aggressive time frame of 1 month and he ran over by about two weeks through no fault of his. There were problems with the granite and shower door fabrication and with those problems Brent kept on the details, pushing the subs and demanding the highest quality. He and Sam followed up relentlessly and kept us apprised of all the situations. To me the mark of a good contractor is how they deal with the inevitable problems, not how good they look in the bid. We got pricing on the cabinetry from two local companies and Brent said that he could beat the price with a company of similar quality that he deals with. He gave us the high quality cabinets we were looking for and saved us a boatload of money with American made cabinetry. He was not just looking to spend our money but looking for opportunities to save us money. The result is stunning. I wish that Angie's list provided the ability to attach photos because the quality of the work is simply amazing. When they were done they pointed out a couple of flaws in the work that I did not notice and took it on themselves to correct it. He even paid for the corrections needed in that work and the cost overruns on the shower door and granite, that were not his fault, out of his profit and did not charge us. This, to me, was incredible. To summarize, Go with Moore Home Remodeling for your bathroom! You will not be disappointed."
Quality Cabinets from HAAS. Ask about our special HAAS Cabinet promotions.
Best of houzz 2014 Award!
Moore Home Remodeling, receives the 2013 Angie's List Super Service Award making this the 6th year in a row! Less than 5% of ALL businesses on Angie's List win this award.
Moore Home Remodeling is please to announce they are the recipients of the 2013 Home and Garden Show Expo Top Contractor.
"I could not be more pleased with our new kitchen and with our experience with this builder, his crew, the price, the quality of his materials and workmanship, and the quality of his selected subcontractors. His price was completely reasonable, which, when combined with the high quality of the work, the excellent communication throughout, and the timeliness with which the job was finished, simply cannot be beat."
"We called Moore Home Remodeling - MHR - to come by and take a look at our drop ceiling in the basement. They did an amazing job with the ceiling and the estimate was exactly what we paid. Excellent work MHR! We will be calling again for future needs and referring out to friends and family with confidence!"
"Brent, the owner of Moore Home Remodeling, met with us to initially update our kitchen. His small dedicated crew were absolutely top notch. They all were sticklers for detail. I happened to be present the day the building inspector came through. He made an off hand comment to Sam, Crew Chief, just before he left. "Sam, you sure do quality work." Well, that was music to my ears and I couldn't agree more. Our kitchen is absolutely amazing."
"Other estimates received for the same work was well over the final cost. The contract was well written and had the draws outlined so I knew what to expect. We knew what we wanted from a layout perspective, for the details Diana worked with us to firm up our decisions. The workers where on site as promised and worked all day. I would recommend Moore Home Remodeling to anyone. They were a pleasure to work with."
"My wife and I were very much at ease and comfortable working with Brent Moore (owner) from the very beginning. Brent was very patient with us and visited several times before we committed to the project to fully understand what we wanted and our budget and to answer any questions we had. Project was completed on time and within budget. The bathroom and shower look beautiful and we couldn't be happier. We highly recommend Moore Home Remodeling for your remodeling job."
"The key points about my kitchen that are a direct reflection of the excellent guidance / work I got from this company: 1) my cabinets are absolutely beautiful and are of excellent quality 2) my Granicrete countertops that are truly a masterpiece work of art. 3) the design of my kitchen and how it is configured is absolutely fantastic 4) the crew was able to install from my "vision" is absolutely beautiful. I would highly recommend this company."
Residential Construction & Remodeling for homeowners located in Northeast Ohio Ohio remodeling service cities: Amherst | Avon | Avon Lake | Bay Village | Berea | Brecksville | Brunswick | Elyria | Fairlawn | Fairview Park | Hudson | Independence | Lakewood | Lorain | Middleburg Heights | North Olmsted | North Ridgeville | North Royalton | Olmsted Falls | Parma | Parma Heights | Rocky River | Sheffield Lake | Strongsville | Vermilion | Westlake Ohio General Remodeling Contractor Service area by county: Cuyahoga, Lorain, Medina and Summit.