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Joseph Leithner, seit 6. April 1813 Freiherr Joseph von Leithner  (* 1743 in Arad, Königreich Ungarn; † 27. Februar 1822, anderes Datum 24. Februar 1822 in Wien) war ein Bergbauingenieur während der Habsburgermonarchie.

Leben

Familie
Joseph von Leithner war der Sohn eines Feldarztes; er hatte noch zwei Schwestern. Nach dem frühen Tod seines Vaters zog die Familie zur Verwandtschaft nach Idria.

Er war mit Barbara von Gersdorff († 1822) verheiratet; ihr gemeinsamer Sohn war Franz Xaver von Leithner (1783–1855), Generaldirektor der k. k. Salmiak-, Vitriolöl- und chemischen Produktionsfabrik, in der der Urin der Gaststätten der Umgebung verarbeitet wurden, in Nussdorf bei Wien.

Werdegang
Joseph von Leithner besuchte das Gymnasium (heute Theoretisches Lyzeum Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn) in Arad und wurde 1760 als Bergjunge des zweitgrößten Quecksilberbergwerks der Welt in Idria eingestellt.

Von 1764 bis 1769 besuchte er als Bergwerkspraktikant die Bergschule Schemnitz und hörte unter anderem Vorlesungen bei Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin und Nicolaus Poda von Neuhaus und wurde darauf Schachtmeister im Quecksilberbergwerk in Idria. In Anerkennung seiner Leistung und Erfolge trat er als Oberbergamts-Assessor in die Verwaltung des Bergwerks ein.

Nachdem er 1780 in bergmännisch-technischer als auch in staatswirtschaftlicher Hinsicht pfalzbayerische und nassauische Steinkohlen- und Quecksilber-Bergwerke besucht hatte, übernahm er im darauffolgenden Jahr als Administrator des Eisenwerkes und der Fiskalherrschaft der Burg Hunedoara, in der sich das Montan-Amt befand, in Siebenbürgen und verlieh dort der Eisengewinnung, unter anderem durch die Einführung von Hochöfen und des Einsatzes des deutschen Frischverfahrens neue Impulse. Durch seine Neuerungen war Siebenbürgen in der Lage, ihre Sensen und Sicheln selbst herzustellen und sie nicht mehr aus der Steiermark zu beziehen; bis dahin wurde das Eisen als Erz oder Roheisen aus Siebenbürgen ausgeführt.

Während des Ausbruchs des Horea-Aufstands in Siebenbürgen 1784 tat er sich besonders hervor, indem er durch seine Festigkeit und Umsicht vollkommene Ruhe im Distrikt aufrechterhielt und 185 Personen, die zu ihm geflüchtet waren, in die Burg aufnahm und für den Zeitraum des Aufstands beschützte. Aufgrund dieser Handlung verliehen die siebenbürgischen Stände ihm und seiner Familie das Indigenat.

1785 wurde er als Hofkammer-Kommissar nach Idria gesandt, um die Gewinnung und Produktion von Quecksilber im Rahmen der Exportverträge mit Spanien zu leiten. Er stellte in den darauffolgenden Jahren seinen technischen Sachverstand unter Beweis. Indem er neue Quecksilber-Brennöfen konstruierte, die Aufbereitung des Quecksilbers verbesserte, Hammerwerke einführte und eine neue Sensenfabrik errichtete. So konnte er die Produktion um das Fünffache steigern und die Herstellungskosten verringern. Weiter errichtete er eine Präzipitat-, Sublimat- und eine Zinnoberfabrik, deren Erzeugnisse sich an Aussehen und Qualität mit den holländischen Produkten messen lassen konnten und Österreich in die Lage versetzte, diese Artikel nicht mehr gegen hohe Zahlungen, wie seit zweihundert Jahren, einführen zu müssen.

1786 erfolgte seine Ernennung zum Thesaurariatsrat (siebenbürgische Schatzkammer) und, nach deren Auflösung, wurde er 1787 siebenbürgischer Gubernialrat.

Aufgrund seiner Verdienste wurde er 1791 zum Wirklichen Hofrat ernannt und Nachfolger des verstorbenen Mineralogen und Metallurgen Ignaz von Born bei der montanistischen Abteilung der k. k. Allgemeinen Hofkammer im Münz- und Bergwesen.

Zwischen 1792 und 1800 stand er im Briefwechsel mit dem Naturforscher Sigmund Zois von Edelstein.

Auf ausdrücklichen Befehl des Kaisers, wurden ihm das krainische Bergwesen, die ärarischen Fabriken und 1799 das Referat in Münzsachen übertragen; die erkannten Mängel ließ er umgehend durch Reformen beheben.

Unter seiner Leitung waren beide Bereiche sehr erfolgreich geworden und leiteten die Industrialisierung in der Monarchie im Sinne des Merkantilismus ein; hierbei gingen seine Begabungen über das eigentliche Montanwesen hinaus. So entstanden chemische und Glasfabriken, er verbesserte unter anderem den Salzbergbau in Tirol, das Bergwesen in Vorderösterreich, das Berg-, Hütten-, Forst- und Wirtschaftswesen im damaligen oberungarischen Bergdistrikt Schmöllnitz und im niederungarischen Schemnitz. Dazu entwickelte er die steirische Messingproduktion weiter, es gelang auch das Ausscheiden des Kupfers aus dem Metall für Kanonen durch einen einfachen Abdarrungsprozeß, die in der Vergangenheit bereits erfolglos in Frankreich angewandt und dann nach der Leithner'schen Methode dort nachgeahmt wurde. Dazu kam die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Umprägung einer Münzgattung nach einem anderen Münzfuß und Nennwert, ohne umschmelzen zu müssen; diese Erfindung nutzten die Engländer später zur Umprägung der spanischen Piaster in englische Münzen.

Auf seinen Vorschlag hin wurden die k. k. Salmiak-, Vitriolöl- und chemische Produktionsfabrik in Nussdorf und die mit Steinkohle betriebene Glasfabrik in Sagor in Unterkrain errichtet sowie in der Messingfabrik in Frauenthal in der Steiermark solche Verbesserungen angebracht, dass die Erzeugung der Produkte verdoppelt und der Gewinn sogar verdreifacht werden konnte.

1803 kam es zu einem großen Grubenbrand in Idria, daraufhin wurde Joseph von Leithner mit unumschränkter Vollmacht dorthin gesandt, und er konnte, mit Unterstützung des Grafen Rudolph von Wrbna, durch entsprechende Maßnahmen den Brand eindämmen und so das Werk retten.

Es war der Verdienst Joseph von Leithners als vorläufiger Vizepräsident der Montan-Hofkammer, dass die Berg- und Hüttenwerke sowie das Münzwesen und die Rüstungsbetriebe während der Napoleonischen Kriege weitgehend reibungslos arbeiten konnten; hierzu wurde die Montan-Hofkammer 1805 nach Neusohl verlegt.

1806 erfolgte seine Beförderung zum Wirklichen Vizepräsidenten und Geheimrat; somit leitete er das gesamte Montanwesen der Monarchie.

Nachdem er 1816 in den Ruhestand getreten war, wurde die Montan-Hofkammer mit der allgemeinen Hofkammer zusammengelegt.

Ehrungen und Auszeichnungen
 1785 erhielt Joseph von Leithner und seine Familie von den siebenbürgischen Ständen das Indigenat verliehen.
 Am 27. Januar 1790 wurde er durch Kaiser Joseph II. zum Ritter ernannt und am 6. April 1812 verlieh ihm Kaiser Franz I. den Reichsadel und ernannte ihn zum Freiherrn.

Literatur
 Joseph von Leithner. In: Österreichischer Beobachter vom 2. November 1822.
 Werner Kroker: Leithner, Josef Freiherr von. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie 14 (1985), S. 169–170.

 Joseph von Leithner. In: Oesterreichische National-Encyklopädie, 6. Band. Wien 1837. S. 535–537.
 Helmut Walter Flügel: Briefe von Joseph von Leithner an Sigmund Freiherr von Zois 1792–1800. Wien: ÖGW, 2010.

Einzelnachweise

Geologe (18. Jahrhundert)
Mineraloge
Bergbauingenieur
Hofrat
Geheimer Rat (Habsburgermonarchie)
Freiherr
Ritter (HRR)
Nobilitierter (HRR)
Person (Habsburgermonarchie vor 1804)
Person (Siebenbürgen)
Geboren 1743
Gestorben 1822
Mann


A Conference Cosponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the Review of Corporate Finance Studies (RCFS).
Financial intermediary firms indeed played a central role in the recent financial crisis--yet the reasons for some of their actions are not well understood. This conference aims to promote a better understanding of the corporate-level decisions made by financial intermediaries. This understanding may in turn help regulators promote efficiency and financial stability.
Conference papers will be available from the conference schedule on the web pages of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the Review of Corporate Financial Studies.


EAI was contracted to perform several tasks at the main bottling facility of Jack Daniels Distillery.
The two office buildings were to be separated from the main bottling plant and demolished.
Separation and structural demolition of the garage.
Demolition opening for nine new loading docks- utilizing our cutting and coring division.
Removal/disposal of two AST Tanks ( one diesel and one gas) which included removal of pumps and associated lines.
The project is complete on time and in budget.


Every February, along with his, erm, 'phamily' made up of wife Phyllis and daughter Phelicia, Punxsutawney Phil pokes his nose out from his cosy burrow in rural Pennsylvania.
If Phil 'sees his shadow' and makes a U-turn back into his burrow, the good people of Pennsylvania will be in for six more weeks of winter.
But if Phil doesn't see his shadow and he gamely stays out to face up to the bitter winter chill, he's apparently predicted that spring will come early.
Well, sorry to disappoint you all, but for 2017, Phil's ventured out and 'seen his shadow', meaning that America has to put up with six more weeks of winter.
Outside of America, it's also been getting rather nippy in Europe over the last month. And snow and ice have also been seen in more unexpected places, after snow fell in the United Arab Emirates at the start of February.
So if you run out of ways to talk about the cold snap in your native language, why not use these French expressions below?
If you'd like to read more French-language posts, have a look at how to greet people authentically in French here, ten French expressions to use to sound like a native speaker here or how to learn a language in ten simple steps here!
To start us off, why not add this quirky animal-themed expression for your phrasebook? It literally means something like 'it's duck-cold'. We might translate it as: 'it's absolutely freezing'.
How to pronounce it: Ill fay un fr-oo-ah duh can-arr.
And here's another animal-related one. Literally meaning 'it's dog weather', otherwise translated as 'it's awful weather'.
How to pronounce it: Ill fay uhn tohn duh shee-ahn (il fait un temps de chien).
Ill fay uhn tohn duh co-shohn (il fait un temps de cochon).
If you're searching for the perfect French phrase to describe the cold driving rain that so often comes along in winter (and unfortunately also in summer if you're in Britain), this is it.
Literally meaning 'it's raining strings', an English translation would be 'it's raining cats and dogs'.
How to pronounce it: Ill pleuh day cord.
And if just one wet weather-related expression isn't enough, you've always got this one to fall back on. An English translation of this one would be 'it's raining buckets' or 'it's raining pails'.
How to pronounce it: Ill pleuh ah so.
Now, let's throw a French-Canadian expression into the mix. This literally means: 'it's cold [enough] to make wolves howl'.
How to pronounce it: Say fray ah fair oor-lay lay loo.
Just because I'm British (which of course means I expect it to rain at least once – and change season at least twice – every day), I've chosen yet another expression about rain.
(For a more in-depth look at the rain-related trials and tribulations faced every day by anyone living in Blighty, have a look at Rob Temple's brilliant Twitter and account for his book Very British Problems).
This is the French translation of 'it's pouring with rain', which is also what it literally means. 'À verse' comes from the French verb 'verser', which means 'to spill'.
And this is what to use when it's REALLY cold, like that time in 2010 when it was the coldest British winter for a century, with rows of cars buried under the snow and Scotland welcoming no less than 15,000 skiers to its slopes.
Literally meaning something like: 'it's devilishly cold', use this when you've just settled in front of the fire with a hot drink after braving the Great Outdoors (ideally, with a cat snoozing on your lap, and several fleecy blankets to ward off the unforgiving winter chill).
How to pronounce it: Ill fay uhn fr-oo-ah duh dee-ab-luh.
How about you? What are your favourite weather-related expressions (in French or any other language)?


In addition to a base salary, brokers and traders receive significant bonuses from contractual agreements with their employer. Indeed, many types of financial professionals in the industry including traders, hedge fund managers, financial analysts, and portfolio managers are compensated in this manner. In many instances bonuses make up the majority of their overall compensation.
Financial professionals who have suffered wage or bonus losses as a result of employment dispute may be able recover their losses through securities arbitration. Sometimes the failure to pay the bonus stems from a termination of the employee or from an unrelated dispute where the employee is penalized through the withholding of the promised bonus. However, earned bonuses that are unpaid are generally owed to the employee. Our consultations are free of charge and the firm is only compensated if you recover.


If you or a loved one has recently suffered a catastrophic injury in Temecula, you may be entitled to financial compensation. If someone's negligence or recklessness caused your injuries, hold them accountable in civil court.
A Temecula catastrophic injury lawyer can file your lawsuit, and manage the case while you recover from your injuries. Catastrophic injury victims can sue for damages such as medical bills, lost wages, and their pain and suffering.
Injured victims in California usually only have two years to file a lawsuit after an accident has occurred. Because of this strict legal deadline, it is important to contact a Temecula injury lawyer as soon as possible to discuss your claim. En Español.
California state law does not define the term "catastrophic injuries." While there is no single legal definition, a catastrophic injury is one that significantly alters someone's life.
Every injury can have a negative impact on someone's health, finances, and quality of life. Catastrophic injuries have severe, long-lasting impacts on the injured victim.
Injured victims often face a long road to recovery, if full recovery is even possible. Each of the above injuries requires extensive medical care. It is common for catastrophic injury victims to need surgeries, physical therapy, psychological services, and/or in-home care.
Injured victims often have to deal with multiple doctor visits and long hospital stays. The price tag for such extensive treatment is high. Even when a catastrophic injury victim has insurance, they may quickly reach their policy maximums.
State law allows injured victims to sue the person responsible for their injuries when that other party acted negligently. Anyone suffering from a catastrophic injury in Temecula should contact a lawyer right away.
One of the most common causes of catastrophic injuries in Temecula is motor vehicle accidents. Whether they involve multiple vehicles, pedestrians, or cyclists, auto accidents are obviously dangerous for all involved.
Given the nature of auto accidents, many injured in crashes face catastrophic injury. Not every auto accident is the result of negligence. However, when a negligent driver caused the crash, they are responsible for a victim's injuries.
What does it mean to be negligent? People generally have an obligation to take reasonable actions to avoid injury to others. Using an auto accident as an example, if someone was texting while driving and caused a wreck, they could be considered negligent.
The distracted driver had a legal responsibility to avoid an accident when possible but breached that obligation by texting while driving. They could be held civilly liable for any catastrophic injuries resulting from the crash.
Did you recently suffer a severe injury, and are facing high medical bills? Are you concerned that your injury may prevent you from returning to work? If so, contact a Temecula catastrophic injury lawyer now to discuss your legal options.
I had been stonewalled and given the run around by the opposing Insurance company for months. Sargent Law Firm came in, won me exactly the amount I was looking for and took care of all if the paperwork while being of minimal distraction to my busy life. Thanks Ryan, Jared, and everyone that worked on my case!


MINNEAPOLIS | As a hygienist at the only nonprofit dental clinic in a wide swath of southern Minnesota, Jodi Hager sees close up what limited care means: children from poor families with decay in every tooth and adults weary from driving two hours to a place that will take their state insurance.
That's why Miss Hager, 40, is studying to become a dental therapist - a mid-level provider who can do simple invasive procedures currently done only by dentists. Dental therapists are common in Canada, Britain and 50 other countries, but Minnesota is the first U.S. state to license them widely. Alaska has had a small but growing program since 2003 that limits therapists to tribal lands.
Supporters say Minnesota's program to train therapists, launched this year, should improve access to care by lowering the cost of providing it.
State Sen. Ann Lynch, Democrat from Rochester, pushed for legislation allowing dental therapists despite opposition from the American Dental Association and other groups. Mrs. Lynch said the therapists were necessary to help meet dental needs in rural Minnesota, in the inner city and among people on state-subsidized insurance.
Like other states, Minnesota's rural areas can't attract enough dentists. And many dentists won't take enough patients on Medicaid or other government insurance because, dentists say, the programs don't reimburse them enough to cover costs.
It's a problem some fear will get worse as dental school classes shrink and dentists get older.
In Connecticut, the state dental association approved a pilot project in November so it could learn more about the concept, the group's president, Dr. Bruce Tandy, said.
At the University of Minnesota dental school, therapy students train side-by-side with dental students - same equipment, instructors and techniques, said Patrick Lloyd, the dental school dean. Though the future dentists ultimately go on to study more complex techniques than the therapists, the principle "is that they should work together and get an appreciation for each other's competency and skill set," Dr. Lloyd said.
After the first group of therapists graduates in 2011, they will work under the supervision of dentists but will be able to do simple invasive procedures that hygienists can't - including drilling cavities, extracting baby teeth, removing stitches and capping nerves. Tasks such as diagnosing patients, planning treatment, performing root canals, surgical extractions, placing crowns and bridges, and implanting dental devices will be left to dentists.
The American Dental Association and other such groups opposed therapists for years, saying they fear the therapists would provide substandard care. Kathleen T. O'Loughlin, the ADA's executive director, has been somewhat reassured that the therapists will be supervised by dentists, although it hasn't endorsed Minnesota's approach.
"We're very supportive of anything that improves access to dental health care to vulnerable populations," she said.


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Small Business Grants and Other Funding Options For Entrepreneurs
News, tips, and opportunities pertaining to small business grants and other forms of business funding.
Everything To Know About
Small Business Grants and More
Home About Us Find/ Apply For Grants News/Blog Resources What To Know
Who Wants To Be 'Small Business Innovator Of The Year'?
Small business owners with 500 or fewer employees still have time to enter the 'Small Business Innovator of the Year' contest. The annual contest is open to small and innovative companies located in Monmouth and Ocean counties in New Jersey. Companies can compete in six categories.
Submission categories still open include:
-Retail/Wholesale: Deadline for submissions 12 a.m. March 15, 2017
-Technology: Deadline for submissions 12 a.m. April 15, 2017
-Real estate/home improvement/energy: Deadline for submissions 12 a.m. May 15, 2017
-Engineering & manufacturing: Deadline for submissions 12 a.m. June 15, 2017
-Leisure and Hospitality: Deadline for submissions 12 a.m. July 15, 2017
-People's Choice: Opens July 16. Deadline for votes 12 a.m. Aug. 15, 2017
The People's Choice award will be selected by a public vote on Aug. 15, 2017. The finalist with the most votes will be the winner of the People's Choice Award. From here, judges will select among all the finalists the 'Business Innovator of the Year." The Grand Prize Winner will be named Small Business Innovator of the Year and receive $5,000.
Applicants must be small business owners with innovative ideas that will improve their community, solve a problem, or improve the quality of life.
Find out how to apply by visiting www.app.com/story/money/business/innovators/2017/02/08/small-business-innovator-year-rules/97638468/
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8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Business Grants
Sam's Club Community Grant Program Empowers Small Businesses
Business Grants for Minority-Owned Companies
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Trends in Warehousing to Watch in 2020
How to Promote Wellness in the Workplace
3 Tips for Running a Profitable Online Store
Huntington Bank Offers Grants for Non-Profit Organizations
What is The Small Business Administration?
How to Optimize Your Instagram Account for Search Engines
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We had to laugh a bit at the name of this concealer from Clarins, given that the job of any concealer is to cover up a problem instantly, so "Instant Concealer" is a name that could apply to any concealer! Still, this is a great concealer for covering up dark undereye circles and brown spots, and is even suitable for use over acne blemishes.
The liquid formula comes in a squeeze tube, and has a slightly creamy consistency. It applies smoothly, never tugging or dragging across the skin, and it's very easy to blend.
Instant Concealer provides medium to full coverage of dark circles while also brightening the undereye area. It wears well for several hours without creasing or fading, and doesn't emphasize pores or fine lines.
If you have very dry skin, you'll want to apply a moisturizer before you put this on—this concealer is moisturizing, but its long-wearing properties might make your skin feel a little dry toward the end of its wear time.
Instant Concealer comes in four shades, three of which are natural for their intended light to medium skin tones. Avoid Shade 3, Orange-Beige, because no one's skin is naturally orange!
Applies smoothly and is easy to blend into the skin.
Provides medium to full coverage of dark circles.
Wears well for several hours without creasing or fading.
Doesn't highlight pores or fine lines.
Long-wearing properties can make skin feel a bit dry after several hours of wear.
Customized, tinted correction for all types of dark circles. Shades conceal shadows and signs of fatiguerestoring a natural skin tone to the undereye area. Long-lasting, fluid texture blends flawlessly and smoothes eye contours. Medium to high coverage.


Everyone travels for different reasons, be it a quick escape from the everyday or a chance to see something new, but you're likely at some point in your travels to need to stay in contact with others. It can be family and loved ones back home, new friends you meet in the process or acquaintances you have to meet up with while you're abroad – it doesn't really matter who, staying in contact is important and needs to be accessible at a moment's notice.
Thankfully there are more ways to stay in touch for today's traveller than every before and many of these are very affordable. Whether making free international calls appeals to you to let people know you arrived or the good old fashioned postcard to give folks back home a souvenir and a quick thought, you won't have trouble finding the means of communication that is best for you.
Here are some suggestions for ways to stay connected while travelling, from most direct to least – but all are fantastic!
If you happen to be travelling with an internet device such as a smartphone, laptop or tablet, chances are there's a camera and microphone included inside of it. While you'd be crazy to use the wireless network to connect if you don't have a plan within that country, if your hostel, accommodation or public place has wifi access, consider using it to give someone back home a quick hello. You'd be amazed how much it can brighten your mood to see and talk to someone familiar from across the world.
At about the same intimacy level as the webcam but without the visual side, a phone call is a great way to make a personal touch between people and particularly great if you don't have a lot of time or aren't looking your best. Picking up a cheap phone card or finding a discount code online can make the expense of it greatly reduced and virtually eliminate the most common excuses for not checking in back home.
It can be done almost anywhere and can be anything from a few words to novel length. Email is great for keeping people up to date on developments, sending through forgotten scanned documents, links to sites of interest and the latest pictures of the journey so far. If you aren't travelling with a mobile device capable of sending such documents, chances are there's an internet café or computer hot spot nearby where you can hop on for a bit.
Yes, they're slow and you can't write much but everyone loves being surprised by them! Send just a few words, grab a stamp and send them from strange post offices all over the world. In many ways, this form can be more personal and thoughtful than the webcam.


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Fri, Jan 15th, 2021
The Money Issue
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Chervn, Ted — ICM Partners
THE LATEST: ICM Partners struck a deal to sell a one-third stake in the agency to private equity firm Crestview Partners in December for $150 million. ICM said the funding would be used to fuel the agency's domestic and international expansion efforts. As with other Hollywood talent agencies, ICM has been hurt by the coronavirus, laying off support staff as the pandemic crippled the entertainment industry in the spring. ICM remains locked in a battle with the Writers Guild of America.
BACKGROUND: Chervin joined ICM in 2006 when the firm acquired the Broder Webb Chervin Silbermann literary agency, where Chervin was a partner. He is known for packaging hit TV series including "Breaking Bad," "The Big Bang Theory," "Modern Family," "Scandal" and "Dancing With the Stars." Chervin serves on the board of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Foundation. A Harvard Law School graduate, he began his career as an assistant U.S. attorney in New York trying felony criminal cases.
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This short poem is a demonstration of the reversal that occurs when the truth of the gospel sets us free. The world has not changed but how we see it has completely reversed.
Be sure to watch the entire video to see the transformation that takes place.


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Mary and the Christian Life by Amy Welborn
Amy Welborn's Amazon Page
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Mother's Day Gifts from Amy Welborn
Amy Welborn First Communion Gift Ideas
Mary and the Christian Life was published by Word Among Press in 2008.
The small, simple book has been out of print for a couple of years, and as I did with The Power of the Cross - am tossing it up on the 'net for free download.
It's just a .pdf – no specific e-book format or anything. But you can probably find some device on which to read it, if you like!
Go here for the download and a couple of blogger reviews.
(There are some new and used print copies left on Amazon - priced higher than the original. But, as I said, you can download it for free at the link above, or read it on Scribd here.)
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text:
China Is Preparing to End Draconian Family Planning Measures. But That Won't Solve Its Demographic Crisis
By Charlie Campbell / Beijing
It leaves a gruesome legacy of forced abortions and sterilizations, infanticide and a ruinous demographic imbalance. But now history's biggest social engineering experiment — China's One-Child Policy, since 2016 loosened to the Two-Child Policy — appears destined for the scrapheap.
On Monday, China's state-run Procuratorate Daily revealed that "family planning" has been scrubbed from a draft civil code being deliberated by top lawmakers, mindful of China's ticking demographic time bomb. By 2050, 330 million Chinese will be over 65, with dire consequences for the world's number two economy.
"It's long overdue," says Prof. Gu Baochang, a demographer at Beijing's Renmin University, of the looming end to almost four decades of birth controls. "We first proposed getting rid of the One-Child policy in 2000. If we started earlier then it would have been easier to address the problem."
China first officially limited the number of children women could bear in 1979, though its leaders had encouraged its people to reduce family sizes even earlier, wary of millions more mouths to feed. As a result, an average of six babies per woman in the late 1960s shrunk to around 1.57 today. (An average of 2.1 is required to maintain a population.)
But few believe now abolishing family planning will address entrenched demographic problems. Moving from the One-Child to Two-Child Policy at the end of 2015 made little difference to the birth rate. In fact, after an 8% reactionary bump in 2016 — mainly women who'd waited for years for the opportunity to have a second child — it then fell 3.5% in 2017.
Read More: China Abandons One-Child Rule As Its Population Ages and Men Outnumber Women
"In terms of freedoms, it's fantastic if they finally lift the restrictions," says Therese Hesketh, professor of Global Health at University College London. "But whether it have much effect on the birthrate, I just don't know."
Many young Chinese today reject wedlock altogether. Marriage registrations have declined annually since 2013; the number of divorces has climbed every year since 2012. Soaring living and education costs mean many Chinese balk at the thought of having more children, especially as few have experienced large families themselves.
"Financially, it's just not possible for us to have any more children," says Beijing dad-of-two Liu Minwei, who works 12 hours a day as a software engineer. "My mother already has to help take care of our kids. And we are all exhausted."
In addition, a preference for male heirs and selective abortions has foisted one of the world's worst gender imbalances. In rural China, it's still possible to see slogans painted on walls to remind the peasantry "it's illegal to drown your daughters." Still, China today has 34 million more men than women. By 2020, there will be 24 million Chinese men of marrying age unable to find a wife.
Parents desperate to find partners for their unmarried sons and daughters come to People's Park in Shanghai every weekend to post advertisements describing the desirable traits of their children.
Dave Cole—Penn State University/MCT/Getty Images
Consequences are legion: besides widespread and crushing loneliness, the gender imbalance reduces consumption, causes real estate bubbles and correlates with spikes in violent crime, trafficking and prostitution.
In Tianmen Village in central Hubei province, the gender disparity is 176:100, meaning one in three men cannot find a bride, writes Leftover in China author Roseann Lake. In some places, writes Lake, ostentatious house extensions with a forest of lightning rods are de rigueur for families looking to marry off a son. Across China, there's a boom of foot-massage and karaoke parlors and other ways to replicate fleeting intimacy.
The gender imbalance can be seen in China's live-streaming phenomenon, whereby pretty young women can earn six-figure salaries by sharing the unvarnished humdrum of their lives to lonely men. Meanwhile, "love schools" teach fretful bachelors how to bag a bride. Parents worried about their retirement congregate in public parks to match up unwed sons and daughters. There are fake boy and girlfriends who accompany singletons on family outings for a price, just to quell incessant parental nagging.
But there are more nefarious consequences. An increasing number of Chinese men buy brides from around China's periphery, such as Laos, Vietnam and Myanmar. In ethnic Hmong villages around the Vietnamese town of Sapa, virtually every family knows a girl whom has been snatched, usually after being groomed on social media, reports The Guardian's Kate Hodal.
Paradoxically, nixing birth restrictions could also stand to negatively impact Chinese women. While the One Child Policy was responsible for 30 million "lost" female babies and fetuses, the girls who survived were empowered with hitherto unseen resources, not to mention opportunities for higher education and careers beyond.
Read More: The Legacy of China's One-Child Policy
Today, despite the gender imbalance, there are more female than male students at Chinese universities. Women are responsible for 41% of Chinese GDP — the highest proportion in the world. Some 72% of Chinese mothers are in full-time work. (In Switzerland it's 15%). Ninety-three of the world's 123 self-made female billionaires are Chinese.
"Because, during the One-Child Policy, girls got equal access to resources," says Hesketh. "Foreign universities are full of Chinese girls whose parents are paying for them."
But already, following the shift to the Two-Child Policy, mothers with only one child report getting passed over for promotion by employers wary of another bout of maternity leave and potential resignation due to family pressures. Sociologists warn removing all limits may cause such discrimination to metastasize. Women who don't want more children are already feeling pressured by husbands, parents — and the government — to have them.
Although abolishing the Two-Child Policy is a net positive for freedom of choice, the downside is that it risks curtailing much of the gender equality it spawned. What's more, the immediate consequences of reversing the policy may actually be an economic brake, as boosting the number of young children will actually shrink the working cohort size in the short-term.
"In the next 20 years the dependence ratio will get worse, not better," says Wei Shang-Jin, professor of Chinese business and economy at Columbia University. "No family can give birth to a 20-year-old straight away."
—With reporting by Zhang Chi / Beijing
Write to Charlie Campbell at charlie.campbell@time.com.
Didi Chuxing Halts Carpool Service After Second Woman Killed
How We Can Learn to Live with COVID-19 After Vaccinations


JAMAICA, VA – Saturday June 16th one regional super late model driver's career could change in the span of 60 laps with a career best win and a $20,000 payday for winning the 42nd annual USA 100 presented by WhosYourDriver.org at Virginia Motor Speedway. With both national tour's scheduled to race in other areas of the country, the USA 100 is set to be one of the largest paydays for the East Coast's regional super late model drivers. And with such a big payday on the line, some of the best dirt late model drivers in the region will be making the trip to the 1/2 mile speed plant located in Jamaica, VA. If you are a fan of dirt late model racing this will be the show to be at June 16th.
16″ coolers are welcomed but no glass is allowed. There is plenty of free lit parking and camping (no hookups) is allowed at no charge on a first come first served basis.
Bill Sawyer's Virginia Motor Speedway is a 1/2 mile dirt oval track is located on U.S. Route 17, eight miles north of Saluda, VA and 25 miles south of Tappahannock, VA in Jamaica, VA. The speedway is just a short drive from Richmond, Fredericksburg, Southern Maryland and the Hampton Roads area. Visit the Speedway online at www.vamotorspeedway.com .


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Woman shares recycling and zero waste tips after putting out first black bin of 2022 in August
6 September 2022, 7:03 am ·5-min read
Jen Gale pledged 10 years ago to reduce her family's waste and utilises a number of clever recycling and zero waste methods. (Jen Gale/SWNS)
A woman, who has put out her very first black bin bag of 2022, has shared her recycling tips and tricks for living a zero waste lifestyle.
Author and mum-of-two, Jen Gale, 44, from Warminster, Wiltshire first pledged to try and reduce the family's waste a decade ago in a bid to protect the planet.
Starting small, the family began by buying second-hand and visiting zero waste stores.
Over the years they threw away less and less, and this year it took them over eight months to fill their first black waste bin.
"Once you have established new habits, it doesn't really take a lot of effort to maintain them. It eventually becomes your new normal," the sustainability writer and podcaster explains.
"Last year we put our black bin out for the first time in April and we wanted to beat that this year – which we did!"
Read more: Second Hand September: What is it and how to get involved
Gale says the compost bin the family purchased has helped reduce their waste by 25%. (Jen Gale/SWNS)
Gale says one of her best tips on reducing food waste involves composting things like egg shells, tea leaves and banana skins. The family have invested in a special compost bin, which you can put all food and garden waste into.
"This one step alone reduced our waste by at least 25% and made for way less smelly bins," she says.
The family also plan their meals to avoid over-buying food, and Gale recommends having an "eat me first" box for leftovers, opened food and things that are near their sell-by date.
"Food waste is a great place to start," she adds. "It'll save you money when you try to cut down too."
Another technique the family use to reduce their household waste is to lower the amount of single-use plastics they buy – by purchasing the biggest sizes possible.
For yoghurts, they get the 500ml pots instead of lots of little ones.
"My husband takes some to work in a pot or pouch," Gale says. "Nom Nom Kids pouches are brilliant for children.
"For crisps we buy the share bags and just portion out onto plates, bowls or lunchboxes. You can buy some great sealable pouches you can use for lunchboxes."
Read more: Mum and daughter foraging team make meals for free from food found in local forest
Starting small, Gale upped the family's recycling, began buying second hand and visiting zero waste stores. (Jen Gale/SWNS)
Gale says the family also make a habit of shopping zero waste-style when they can.
While visiting a zero waste store can be a little pricier than supermarket shopping, Gale says it is a great way of reducing your rubbish quota, if you can afford it.
The family also use a website called Good Club, which is an online store delivering zero waste food to your door.
Gale says the family order staples such as pasta, rice, dried fruit and snacks to be decanted into pots.
The family also collect and recycle "flexible plastic" – things like bread bags and plastic packaging from bananas.
Watch: Top chef shares thrifty kitchen tips and amasses huge TikTok following
A more unusual trick, which was initially met with resistance from others members of the family, is not buying kitchen roll.
Instead, they use reusable wipes, Cheeky Wipes, which they also utilise as napkins and for mopping up any spills.
Gale says what ends up going in their waste bin is actually very limited, and includes butter wrappers and netting used to package shop-bought lemons or oranges.
For Zero Waste Week (5-9 September) Gale is keen to encourage other families to begin making changes to their lifestyle.
"Zero waste living has become so normal to us, that it doesn't feel restrictive," Gale explains.
"I recognise privilege has allowed us to do some of this," she continues. "We have space in the garden for a composter, and we get a weekly fresh veg box delivered.
"Some things might be out of price range, but there are things everyone can have a go at."
Read more: Mum saves over £300 on her monthly food shop thanks to savvy shopping
The family try to recycle and reuse as much as they can. (Jen Gale/SWNS)
She says the first step, while "unglamorous", is to have a look in the bin and take note of the things being thrown away.
She suggests picking one thing you commonly chuck in the bin, which you can try to reduce.
Gale says her husband, Ben, 46, and sons Will, 13 and Sam, 11, have all pitched in to reduce the family's waste.
"We're not precious, we can see the lure of the quick convenient and easy option," she adds.
"But I don't feel we have had to turn our life upside down and become eco-warriors, living in a yurt to achieve what we have.
"You have to allow yourself to be imperfect, and develop a nice set of habits that don't feel too difficult."
For more of Gale's inspiring sustainable tips visit www.asustainablelife.co.uk
Additional reporting SWNS.
Japanese knotweed is terrible for your home, but it sure is delicious
It's green, it spreads fast and it is not something any homeowner wants to discover they have. Japanese knotweed pushed its way back into the news this week after a clump of the plant growing in a west London garden led to a house buyer taking his seller to court for not being open about the property's sitting tenant. But when I heard about it, I confess that my first reaction was lucky him!
Zara and Mike Tindall discuss baby number four in new chat
Zara and Mike Tindall sat down together for Magic Millions and Mike Tindall's Mike Drop podcast, and talk turned to expanding their family of five. Princess Anne's son-in-law Mike has ruled out the likelihood of Zara having baby number four, choosing not to add to their three children, Mia, Lena and Lucas. WATCH: Mike Tindall makes impromptu comment about another baby "You know there's going to be no more children coming down the line," Mike said during the candid chat which saw the royal discus
Alex Jones reveals why husband Charlie Thomson was 'slow to propose'
Alex Jones and her husband Charlie Thomson celebrated their seven-year wedding anniversary in December 2022 - and on Sunday the TV host shared a fresh glimpse inside their relationship. Speaking to The Times, the presenter, 45, explained how Charlie "was slow [to propose]". She said: "He can't make up his mind about what crisps to have, let alone whether he'd get married." WATCH: Alex Jones Shares An Intimate Look Inside Romantic Paris Trip The happy couple met in 2011 at a party, before eventua
Holocaust survivor Ruth Posner on wartime horrors, hiding and hope
If two members of the Gestapo hadn't momentarily turned their backs for a cigarette break in 1939, Ruth Posner probably would not be speaking with me today. Born in Warsaw in 1930 to secular Jewish parents, Ruth began her extraordinary life under an increasing veil of antisemitism. Now, the Holocaust survivor sits in her study, a room lined with posters and clippings from her acting days, as well as a towering bookshelf – a nod to her lifelong trade in storytelling. Actress, dancer and Holocaust
NEWS OF THE WEEK: Stevie Nicks announces 2023 Tour
'Pitchfork' reports that Nicks has added solo North American tour dates in between her co-headlining shows with Billy Joel this year. All together, she will be performing 23 shows. Nicks will start in California in March and wrap in Minneapolis in November. The shows will mark Nicks' first performances since the death of her Fleetwood Mac bandmate, Christine McVie. McVie died at the age of 79 after a short battle with an illness in November. Nicks later took to social media to pay tribute to her dear friend.
Inside Sasha Obama's living arrangement at college in LA
Sasha Obama may have grown up in the White House but she's far from Washington DC now. The 21-year-old has taken her studies from Michigan to Los Angeles where she is settling in perfectly - with the help of someone special. Despite moving to a new state, Sasha appears to be more than happy with her new living arrangement which is made easier due to the fact her roommate is her sister, Malia. WATCH: Sasha Obama's appearance is completely unexpected in video you need to see The young women both r
Here's how slow you should be running your easy miles
They form the backbone of most training plans, but if you're not sure how to pace your easy miles, or the difference between easy and recovery, read this.
5 Princess Diana photos that reveal just how similar she was to her mother
Princess Diana is renowned worldwide for her stunning beauty and graceful appearance, even 25 years after her tragic death. While many might argue her looks were incomparable, as a recent portrait shared on Instagram by Diana's brother Charles Spencer revealed, one person whose appearance was very similar to Diana's was her mother, Frances Shand Kydd. WATCH: Charles Spencer shares beautiful video from Diana's place of rest Over the years the former Princess of Wales and her mother were photograp
David and Victoria Beckham have installed an outside toilet at their £6m estate
David and Victoria Beckham have reportedly had an outside toilet installed at their £6 million country estate to save garden party guests getting tired from walking back to their mansion to use the facilities.
Ivanka Trump sparks concern amongst fans as she shares rare personal photos
It's been six months since Ivanka Trump lost her beloved mother, Ivana. Ivana – Donald Trump's first wife – passed away on 14 July 2022 at the age of 73. She shared three children with her husband, to whom she was married from 1977 until 1992: Donald Jr, Ivanka and Eric. WATCH: Ivana Trump, first wife of former US president Donald Trump, dies aged 73 Ivanka had an especially close relationship with her mom. And fans are now expressing concern for her wellbeing following the loss. On Sunday, Ivan
Zachary Levi's dad dies
Zachary Levi's father has died after battling cancer
Lifesaving Success Sees Expansion Of Swedish Firm Everdrone's Flying Defibrillator Project
Swedish company Everdrone's lifesaving unmanned aerial vehicles are to be used extensively across the region of Västra Götaland, after a successful collaboration on a project to deliver defibrillators to those in need of swift medical assistance. Everdrone and the region's government began the collaboration in 2020 and the positive impact on emergency response efforts means they have signed a deal to expand the project. In addition to providing defibrillators, the drones will soon be able to transmit live-view imagery of accident sites to provide vital time-sensitive information before first responders arrive at the scene. The improved response times have resulted in a fastest delivery of a defibrillator of 2 minutes and 27 seconds, a time Everdrone CEO Mats Sällström says his firm hope to improve by as much as 60 seconds in 2023. The collaboration was responsible for a medical world first in December 2021, when an Everdrone UAV delivered a defibrillator that helped save the life of a 71-year-old man who collapsed on his driveway in Trollhättan. The man was shoveling snow in his driveway when he suffered a cardiac arrest - but thanks to the combination of the drone, an immediate emergency call, and the quick actions of a passing doctor, the man's life was saved. "I can't put into words how thankful I am to this new technology and the speedy delivery of the defibrillator. If it wasn't for the drone I probably wouldn't be here." the patient said
Michelle Keegan is a sunkissed goddess in chic bralette and tropical skirt
Michelle Keegan, 35, was amongst the A-listers and royals lucky enough to attend the grand opening of the world's most luxury hotel - Atlantis The Royal in Dubai. The former Coronation Street actress and her husband Mark Wright joined the likes of Rochelle Humes, Lady Amelia Spencer and the Kardashians at the star-studded event, which saw Beyoncé give her first live performance in four years. Sharing a glimpse at the lavish sun-drenched week in paradise, Michelle posted a video for her 6.3 milli
Britney Spears' panicked fans called police after she deleted Instagram
Britney Spears has reportedly had police call at her home after panicked fans raised the alarm over her welfare following her seventh removal of her Instagram account in less than a year.


Three moonstones in a sterling silver drop setting.
Moonstone is a stone of calming and hope, associated with all types of love.
Unique setting of a series of three circles.
Please note this is a genuine gemstone piece. These stones are made in nature, each piece is unique and may vary slightly from what is shown.
Length With Hook: 1 3/8"
These earrings are beautiful. Thank you!


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text:
Francisco Rangel Pestana (Iguassu,  — São Paulo, ) foi um jornalista, político e jurista brasileiro. Foi um importante político, tendo participação importante no Partido Republicano e na imprensa, sendo um dos fundadores do jornal O Estado de S. Paulo.

Biografia

Primeiros anos
Filho de João Jacinto Pestana, um imigrante da Ilha da Madeira, e de Dona Luisa Rangel Pestana, nasceu em Iguassu, a atual Nova Iguaçu, na Província do Rio de Janeiro, no dia 26 de novembro de 1839. Após iniciar os estudos na cidade natal, fez o ensino secundário no Colégio Curiáceo e no Colégio Pedro II, no Rio de Janeiro. Foi para São Paulo no início de 1857, visando entrar na Faculdade de Direito de São Paulo, o que consegue em 1859, aos 19 anos. Se forma em 1863.

Início no jornalismo e nas ideias repúblicanas
Durante o Império, entretanto, seguiu outra carreira: a de Jornalista. Antes mesmo de deixar a Faculdade de Direito, foi redator do jornal O Lírio, participou ativamente da fundação do jornal Timbira e também participou de outros periódicos, como Futuro e Época. Ainda em 1863 funda o Partido Radical, que seria um ancestral do Partido Republicano.

Após se formar, volta a morar no Rio de Janeiro para tentar ser promotor, sem sucesso. Lá, Zacarias de Góis e Vasconcelos, o Conselheiro Zacarias, o convidou para ser redator do Diário Oficial. Em 1866, se junta aos amigos Limpo de Abreu e Monteiro de Souza, o jornal Opinião Liberal, e em 1868, cria o Correio Nacional, não tendo seus interesses satisfeitos por nenhum dos periódicos. Foi Signatário do Manifesto Republicano em 1870, que foi publicado no jornal A República - fusão dos periódicos anteriores - e defendia ideias nos seus jornais que se tornariam parte do programa republicano, como a descentralização, substituição do trabalho escravo pelo trabalho livre, ensino livre, sufrágio direto, o cargo de senador temporário - na época, era vitalício - e a independência da magistratura.

Em São Paulo
Em 1871, casou-se com Damiana Quirino dos Santos, filha do capitão Joaquim Quirino dos Santos. Eles tiveram treze filhos.

Voltou para a província de São Paulo na década de 1870, para a cidade de Campinas, onde abre um escritório de advocacia e a Escola do Povo, iniciativa de cursos gratuitos - ele defendia o ensino público e a educação feminina. Também passa a dar aulas de retórica e português no Colégio Americano Internacional Morton em 1874. Não abandonou o jornalismo, escrevendo para a Gazeta de Campinas. Se torna redator chefe do A Província de S. Paulo, jornal de tendências republicanas, após sua criação em 1875, sendo considerado um dos fundadores deste jornal por fazer parte de sua sociedade gestora. Passa a dar aulas também no Colégio Florence e em 1876, cria, junto com sua esposa Damiana, uma escola secundária voltada a meninas, o Colégio Pestana, que acaba fechando em 1879 por dificuldades financeiras.

Em 1882, passa a ser o maior cotista da sociedade gestora do A Província de S. Paulo. Se torna deputado provincial de São Paulo pela primeira vez. Após idas e vindas de investidores, em 1888 a propriedade do jornal fica com Rangel Pestana & Cia. e Júlio Mesquita.

Em 1884, foi eleito pela primeira vez para o cargo de deputado representando o Rio de Janeiro.

República

Com a chegada da República, Francisco passou a dirigir a província de São Paulo em um breve triunvirato em que também faziam parte Prudente de Morais e o coronel Joaquim de Sousa Mursa. Em 1890, o Governo Provisório o nomeou como membro da comissão encarregada de elaborar o projeto e a Constituição da República, o que o leva a Petrópolis e o afasta do A Província de S. Paulo, que devido as mudanças políticas havia sido recém renomeado para O Estado de S. Paulo, deixando o jornal para Júlio Mesquita, orientando as diretrizes a distância.

Foi eleito Senador por São Paulo, ficando no cargo entre 1890 e 1892, tendo sido signatário da Constituição de 1891. Se afasta do O Estado de S. Paulo, vendendo sua participação, após se desiludir com os rumos da república, o que só piora com a dissolução do Congresso Nacional pelo Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca. Seu futuro sucessor, Floriano Peixoto, indica Rangel para ministro do Supremo Tribunal Federal, o que ele recusa.

Foi eleito novamente ao Senado em 1893, mas perde o cargo após aceitar o cargo de vice-presidente do Banco da República do Brasil, oferecido por Deodoro. Este banco, resultado da fusão do Banco do Brasil de 1808 e do Banco da República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil, equivale ao Banco do Brasil atual, tendo voltado a usar o nome em 1906. Em 6 de setembro de 1893 ele assume a presidência do banco interinamente, ficando novamente no cargo entre janeiro e abril de 1894 e entre abril de 1894 e setembro de 1895.

Foi eleito vereador e voltou para São Paulo, em 1896, fixando sua residência definitivamente na cidade. Foi eleito deputado federal pelo Rio de Janeiro em 1899, tendo sido reeleito em 1900 e 1901. Em 1902, se torna vice-presidente do Rio de Janeiro e consegue uma vaga no Senado Federal.

Rangel acabaria falecendo no dia 17 de março de 1903 na cidade de São Paulo.

Alunos da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo
Deputados do Império do Brasil
Governadores de São Paulo
Naturais de Nova Iguaçu
Política do Rio de Janeiro (1891–1960)
Presidentes do Banco do Brasil
Republicanos do Brasil
Senadores do Brasil por São Paulo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Although catering primarily to the gay and lesbian travel industry, everyone is welcome at this historic mini-mansion inn that offers 21 beautiful guest rooms, all with private baths, voice mail, down comforters, terry cloth robes, and luxurious bath amenities. Well appointed and spacious public rooms which feature two separate lounges, fireplace, piano, sherry service, data ports, and a library are available, as well as complete business and convention traveler amenities. An extended continental breakfast served daily in the sunroom and an afternoon wine social are included.


JavaZone 2014 featured 90 presentations and almost 60 lightning talks.
All the talks were filmed, and can be watched below for free.
Just pick the one you want, and enjoy the free learning!
Small changes to the program might occur at any time due to cancellations and other unforseen events. The up-to-date program will always be visible at this page.


The doll called "Calm before the storm (the Wicked Witch of the East)". The cruel old witch conquered and tyrannized the Munchkin Country in the East of the Land of Oz, making the Munchkins slave for her night and day. She met her demise when Dorothy's house landed on her, leaving to the girl her the magical Ruby Shoes, her most prized possessions. The doll was made for an exhibition dedicated to the "Wizard of Oz".


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Cuzco to Machu Picchu in a week is an excursion in the Southern Sierra Region of Peru. It starts and ends in Cuzco.
This itinerary can be done without a guide and vehicle but we recommend the use of one even if you don't arrange to use them the whole seven days. The Inca Trail portion can only be done with a guide and group since the government will not allow solo travelers on the trail. Lots of companies offer budget to luxury options on trips to Machu Picchu but all of them have to work with the local trekking companies resident in Cuzco. Most will allow you to mix and match different options, such as driver and guide, budget accommodations, luxury accommodations, etc. Another option would be to hire a taxi for the days you want to be on your own. Because of the altitude, you don't want to do too much walking early on. It's common for guides and drivers to eat with their clients at meals. If you do not wish this to occur, let the tour operator know upfront so that other arrangements can be made for drivers/guide meals.
'''When to go''' - April and May since the June through August crowds haven't yet arrived and the rainy season is over. September and October are also quieter and generally dry, but the hillsides are brown and the sky is sometimes hazy. January and February, the height of the rainy season, are a big no-no.
'''What to Pack for the Weavers' Route Trek''' - Hiking boots; a washcloth for morning ablutions; a pillowcase (you can stuff it with clothes at night); extra gloves and socks--a lifesaver if your primary pair gets wet; a thermometer to know just how bitter the night's temperature is.
Since this itinerary has hiking the last part of the Inca Trail, you need a permit—only 500 of which are issued each day and only available for groups—so you will need to book at least four months in advance to get one.
There are several choices in getting to Cuzco. Cuzco has flights from several places in Peru but most tourists come from Lima. There is also bus service to Cuzco which can be easier on the body since you adjust better with the altitude.
Day 1: Cuzco - Arrive in Cuzco. Altitude sickness is common here, so take it easy today, and carry water wherever you go. Once you're settled in, you will find a wealth of places to eat in Cuzco but we recommend that you head over to Tunupa for lunch; they offer some of the best guinea pig or alpaca dishes from the local Novo Andino cuisine as well as other local specialities.
If you're feeling good, stop at a market for a bottle of wine (all of Peru's labels are inexpensive, but Tacama is the most reliable). Then start off on the standard city tour, but we recommend you see the sights in this order because it's different from what most tourists do and you won't be stuck behind a tour group - the cathedral, where the biblical paintings include images of llamas and macaws; Santo Domingo/Koricancha, a Catholic church built atop an Incan temple; and the nearby ruins of Tambomachy, Q'enqo, Puca Pucara, and Sacsayhuamán; by the time you finish this last stop, you can pull the wine out and enjoy the setting sun. Ciccolina for tapas among Cusceños in the bar and then dinner in the restaurant.
Day 2: The Sacred Valley of the Incas - Eat hearty since you have a long day ahead of you. Start off by making a beeline for the village of Pisac, which the bus tours visit later on. You'll soon be in a breathtaking landscape: silvery eucalyptus, purplish clay slopes, and the slate-green Urubamba River. Arrange to get dropped off at the Pisac ruins' higher parking lot and walk to the Intihuatana (Sun Temple). Note the caves in the cliff to your right: They are South America's largest pre-Columbian cemetery. Return to the parking lot via the lower path. Then head to contemporary Pisac to spend half an hour at the market. Get to the restaurant Allpamanka, in Yucay, for lunch by 12:30 p.m. which offers a lunch buffet that is popular with tour bus companies; try a local specialty such as causa, a potato casserole. After lunch, head to Moray, a fabulous depression in which, experts theorize, the Incas built concentric terraces to grow crops in different microclimates. Feel free to explore. At the end of the day, rather than head back to Cuzco, get dropped off at the Sol y Luna Lodge & Spa. There's just one more short walk today—to the warm and intimate dining room.
Day 3: The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu - Today you'll be walking part of the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu. This is one of the world's most rewarding day-hikes. The final climb brings you to Intipunku, the Sun Gate, where you achieve your first and most picturesque view of Machu Picchu. Remember that this portion must be booked through a tour group operator. Wake early so that you can get to the train station in Ollantaytambo to catch the 8:05 train. Most tour group companies can arrange for tickets to a stop called KM 104, an hour away. Make sure you have water since there will not be any on the Trail. Follow your guide up to the ruins of Huinay Huayna, ('Forever Young'), to join the Incas' classic highway from Cuzco to Machu Picchu. Stop here for a snack and water, but save your lunch for the Sun Gate, another hour away. You will find that the Trail is fairly easy until you reach the Sun Gate where you climb a flight of 50 stairs. Machu Picchu is most crowded at midday and clears out by 4 p.m., when the last train heads back to Cuzco, so take your time finishing the hike. Late afternoon is the prettiest time to wander through the intricate stonework. The guards will herd you out at around 5:15, and the last bus down to Aguas Calientes, at the foot of Machu Picchu, departs shortly after the gates close. Aguas Calientes is a boring tourist town with a budget hostel, but crossing the bridge to the Inkaterra Machu Picchu Hotel makes you feel like you are entering Paradise. We recommend that you get a room with an outdoor shower, where the water flows Inca-style from a groove carved into a rock. The dining room in the hotel does pasta, done perfectly al dente.
Day 4: Machu Picchu - People start lining up for the first bus to Machu Picchu in the wee hours of the night, but as long as you leave the hotel by 5 a.m. you should get a seat. Sunrise at the ruins is no secret, but we recommend that while your fellow early risers are gathering at the watchtower, head to the other high point, the Intihuatana (it offers the best vistas, and you'll have it all to yourself). Begin touring with your guide by 7 a.m. so you can be on your way up Huayna Picchu—the sugarloaf in the background—by 10 a.m. It's a steep 45-minute climb, but it ends with another great panorama. Plenty of people take the main route up, but have your guide show you the little-used trail down, via a cave once thought to be the Temple of the Moon. You should be back in time to beat the crowds to the Tinkuy Buffet Restaurant, just outside the gates. After lunch, do a circuit of the restaurant's poster-size photographs from Hiram Bingham's 1911 "discovery' of Machu Picchu. Head back into the ruins for a proper farewell, then take the bus down to the Inkaterra hotel in time for a complimentary pisco sour (Peru's national cocktail) in the lounge and dinner.
Day 5: The Sacred Valley of the Incas and Cuzco - The best way out of Aguas Calientes is on the morning train to Ollantaytambo where, if you wanted, a short bus ride to Cuzco is available. The train doesn't leave Aguas Calientes until 8:35 a.m., reaching Ollantaytambo at 10:05. The main square in Ollantaytambo is usually swarming with hikers and porters, but a few blocks away is a vibrant community still living in pre-Columbian dwellings. If you still have a guide, see if he can take you into one of these houses, where alpaca fetuses hang on the walls (to bring fertility), ancestors' skulls watch over the goings-on from niches in the Incan stonework, and dozens of guinea pigs scoot underfoot (the entrée at some future feast). After checking out the temple ruins across the river, head to lunch at El Huacatay, in nearby Urubamba, where you'll feel like you're a guest in the owner's home. On your way back to Cuzco, stop in the village of Chinchero. The market is only on Sundays, but there are usually women in the plaza arranging their crafts for the bus tourists who come through later, and the shops sell fine weaving at low prices. Don't forget to peek into the elaborately frescoed nineteenth-century church. You should be back in Cuzco by five. Once back at your hotel, make a 7:30 dinner reservation at the stylish Museo de Arte Precolombino's glass-capsule café. The exquisite primitive art collection is open until ten.
Day 6: Cuzco - Follow the locals to the Mercado San Pedro this morning. If you've got last-minute gifts to buy, try the Casa Ecologica for fair-trade textiles or the T'Ankar Gallery for well-made but pricey indigenous weavings and pottery - both are in the same courtyard as Ciccolina, where you had dinner a few nights ago. Have an early lunch at Greens, a vegetarian restaurant with an earthy decor before you leave Cuzco for other places of interest.
Altitude sickness - Once you reach Cuzco—at 11,150 feet—you may experience altitude sickness and become winded after even minor exertion (other symptoms include headache and nausea). If you've had trouble at high elevation in the past, arrive a day early to acclimate. The best advice though is to 'Drink until your eyeballs float.' Aside from water, the best remedy is said to be coca tea. You can also ask your doctor about the medication Diamox, which prevents altitude-induced headaches and nausea.
Upset stomach - Doctors recommend that you drink only bottled water and avoid uncooked vegetables and fruits that you haven't peeled, even in hotels. You should be able to avoid the big tour bus groups by choosing the smaller places mentioned here and dining early (noon and 7 p.m., say). Some restaurants add a service charge, but the waiters rarely see that money, so it's nice to hand them a five to ten percent tip.
Into the Jungle (2-3 Nights) - If you're game, fly to one of the following two lodges between Days 1 and 2, because anything after Machu Picchu is sure to be a letdown. Pack one bag and leave in Cuzco what you don't need. The Manu Wildlife Center, owned by a nonprofit environmental conservation group, has the most creatures but fewer comforts. If you want a taste of the jungle in an elegant setting, go to Reserva Amazónica. The surrounding cattle ranches mean fewer wild animals, but the huts are plusher and there's a masseuse. Reserva is also a better option if you have only two nights (although three is ideal in either location) because the 30-minute charter flights to Manu are highly undependable. Reserva also offers community visits, which Manu doesn't. Wherever you land, take part in as many outings as you can.
Urubamba Weavers' Route Trek (2 Nights) - The classic Inca Trail was the primary route between Cuzco and Machu Picchu, but the Incas traversed hundreds of other paths, and you can as well. Instead of catching the train to Machu Picchu on Day 3, drive to the trailhead of the Urubamba Weavers' Route. This hike from Ollantaytambo to Lares takes you through villages unchanged for centuries. The first camp lies in the shadow of 17,400-foot Terijuay. The middle of Day 2 marks the high point of the trek, literally-14,764 feet-after which a gradual descent leads through potato fields and into the tiny village of Cochayoq. Midway through Day 3, the trek reaches Lares and then you are returned to the Sol y Luna Lodge & Spa.
It is trecommended that you purchase the services of a treking company for this hike since it is at such a high altitude. This is a moderate-to-strenuous trek, with four to six hours of hiking on each of three days and recommended for experienced hikers only. Although the spongy moss underfoot makes this a relatively low-impact route-the Inca Trail, in comparison, is paved with stones-the altitude is a challenge. If you do have trouble, you can always take a hit of oxygen from your guide's canister or jump on the "ambulance horse." If serious symptoms persist, getting to a lower altitude is essential.
This is a usable itinerary. It explains how to get there and touches on all the major points along the way. An adventurous person could use this article, but please plunge forward and help it grow!
This page was last edited on 27 April 2015, at 07:32.


I hope some OZ expert on the Forum can help me. We are going for family holidays to Sydney, Gold Coast and Cairns in couple of weeks time with our two kids (Age 7 & 10). The air tickets are booked and can not be changed - everything else can.
1. I plan to have a rented car on all days. For the Sydney part of the trip (Day 1 to Day 6), I have rented car with GPS system which is more expensive. Last time I went on business trip to Sydney, I found the GPS system allowed me to drive around Sydney without even bothering to look at Map once. However, for Gold Coast and Cairns part of my trip, I have not booked a car with GPS. Am I correct to understand that in Gold Coast and Cairns, one wouldn't need GPS as much as it would be needed in Sydney? Or would it be recommended to get a GPS system in car for Gold Coast and Cairns as well?
2. As per our plan, we plan to spend Friday and Sunday in Sydney. Is parking in Sydney very expensive on week-end as well? I know Sydney has a decent public transport system, but with four of us travelling, wouldn't the public transport cost as much as (almost) as using the rented car? Are there any cheaper place to park car in Sydney city central? Or are we better off leaving the car at my apartment on Friday & Sunday?
3. What are the must places to visit with family in Sydney on Friday & Sunday?
4. Is day trip to Canberra from Sydney too much? What are the good places to check-out in Canberra in six hours with family?
5. Since we are going to be spending good six days (out of which three days will be spent visiting theme parks) at Gold Coast, is it still worth visiting Port Stephen? What are the attractions at Port Stephen that one can't find at Gold Coast? If we can skip Port Stephen, then we can cover Canberra in two days instead of a day trip and also do one more day of Sydney city sigt seeing.
6. I have heard some of the theme parks at Gold Coast are not suitable for children under 12 years age - what are they?
7. Besides the theme parks at Gold Coast, I have got suggestions to visit Tamborine Mountain and Currumbin Wildlife Sanctury at Gold Coast. Are these two places good to go with kids? Are there any other places that we should check out in Gold Coast? Are there any recommened attractions in Brisbane city for family?
8. Besides Great Barrier Reef, what are the other attractions that are good to visit with family in Cairns / Port Douglas?
9. Any comment on the travel plans?
Thanks for reading long post and hope to share some of your experience.
explorer - parking a car in the CBD of Sydney on a weekday is expensive, so use the public transport on that day. Also Chatwood is so close to the city by train. On a Sunday, the parking station fees get cheaper.
A harbour cruise is a must whilst in Sydney, however, to save money, opt to purchase a "Daytripper" ticket (ask down at Circular Quay, or any railway station, eg. Chatswood Railway Station), this will allow you & the children, to travel by train into the city, then with the same ticket, hop on & off ferries all day long. Circular Quay is the place to start all your ferry journeys. You can opt to stay on the ferry, or get off for a bit of exploration, like Watsons Gap. There is a little shop/office underneath Cahills Freeway at Circular Quay, and they sell the daytripper tickets also, but more so they have all the ferry timetables. You can have a fun day out, just jumping from one ferry to the next. Make sure you have your towels/swimmers, there are swimming beaches on some of the ferry runs, eg. Manly, Watsons Bay (pool)etc.
As for GPS - I wouldn't be worried in having one on the GC or Cairns, you mentioned "we" in the your posting, so I guess that means a partner, and also the car rental companies can supply a street directory.
People like LIzF and Pat are experts on the Gold Coast & Cairns respectively.
I wrote a very long reply to this post and it is not showing. I am short of time at present so the best thing perhaps is to do a search on this site under Gold Coast or my name and you should come up with a comprehensive answer to some of your questions.
ozexplorer, a day trip to Canberra is do-able but it's a 600 km round trip, which makes for a long day. However, once you've crossed the Harbour Bridge you'll be on decent roads all the way.
In Canberra - the Australian War Memorial (an extensive and fascinating museum, one of Australia's premier tourist attractions), Questacon (science and technology stuff that the kids should enjoy) and Old Parliament House (take one of the informative guided tours and the building also houses the National Portrait Gallery). I'd also recommend the Australian National Gallery, but the kids may tire of that before you do.
A good place to unwind and have lunch is the often-overlooked Australian National Botanical Gardens on the slopes of Black Mountain, where you can wander through the flora of a wide range of Australia's climatic regions, and follow a trail illustrating the uses to which Australia's Aboriginal peoples put many plants.
There's enough to occupy several days, so you'll just have to be very selective - check www.canberratourism.com.au to see what's likely to appeal.
(1) GBR. Consider going out on Ocean Spirit. Plan this for first day in Cairns in case weather doesn't permit you to go out to sea, in which case you can switch to a land-based activity that day and have a better chance of switching GBR to another day. GBR companies pick up from accommodations in the area.
(2) Daintree Rainforest. Can be done as a self-drive trip, but a guided day tour does make the rainforest and mangrove swamp ecosystems fascinating. Good companies include David Armbrust, Pete Pete Baxendell ( www.nqhit.com.au ), Tony's Tropical Tours, and Trek North. Companies pick up from accommodations in the area.
(3) Visit to Kuranda on the edge of the Atherton Tableland. It's fun to take the SkyRail up and the regular train down. One can drive to the departure point for the SkyRail, but again there are companies that pick up from accommodations and drop off again.
Some people accuse Kuranda of being a "touristy" little town. Yes, it is, but there is so much more to this outing than the "touristy" aspects of Kuranda.
One makes 2 stops on one's way up the escarpment in order to change cable cars, and there are rainforest interpretive centres with park rangers at the change stations. One also sees Barron Falls on the way up.
It is magical to look down at the rainforest from a SkyRail car.
Kuranda has a butterfly sanctuary, several examples of a species called the Curtain Fig Tree, and other interesting things.
A car is a very optional convenience in Cairns. As I said, all of the day trip companies pick up passengers from their accommodations and drop them off again.
If you choose not to rent a car, you'll need to arrange a shuttle bus from the airport to your accommodation and back again. Some hotels in the area book the shuttle for their guests, and some do not.
I don't know if "Cairns Hotel" is a specific property or a generic term for accommodation in Cairns that has yet to be identified. If you have not booked a hotel yet, and if you are open to the idea of staying in a B&B, you might look at Lilybank B&B's website. Pat Woolford is a regular poster here, and her B&B has received favourable reviews from Fodorites. Lilybank is located in a suburb of Cairns, close to a good restaurant. I've never been there myself but, in scanning the website, I've noticed a 2 bedroom suite that strikes me as a good one for a family (that is, if Pat still has an opening for your dates). My understanding is that Pat makes GBR, rainforest and other day tour reservations if her guests wish. Having lived in Cairns for many years, she has an encyclopedic knowledge of the local tour operators.
One point of clarification re transportation from airport to accommodation in Cairns. I stayed in Port Douglas, which is 40 - 45 minutes from Cairns Airport. In that case, a shuttle bus was definitely the way to go for someone who didn't want to rent a car.
However, I've just realised that, in the case of a visitor who will be staying in Cairns, a shuttle bus may not be necessary if that visitor decides to forego a rental car. In his/her case, the airport may well be close enough to warrant a regular cab. In fact I think I may have read something to that effect somewhere here at Fodors.
Sorry, I was on autopilot, giving my standard Far North Queensland advice.
Whilst I think Brisbane is a great place considering your time constraints, really I wouldn't worry too much and just enjoy your time on the Coast.
Burleigh is a great place to stay - (I'd move there tomorrow if I could!!) There's plenty of restaurants and shops - you can get a great casual meal at the Burleigh Surf Club.
It's a busy trip, for sure, but you only live once and you can catch up on sleep when you get back home!!!
I have tried to post a reply to this post but for some reason my reply is not appearing. I think Fodors is experiencing some problems as I think Liz has also had this problem.
I have tried everything possible to get my reply to you posted but it just is not happening, so like Lizf said to you if you do a search on this forum for Port Stephens or Paul_S you should get enough information about Port Stephens.
On day 6, I would allow more time between Port Stephens and Sydney airport. It's usually a 3-4 hour drive, depending on traffic - so you haven't left yourself much free time,. Some airlines are quite unforgiving about checking in a minimum of 30 minutes before the flight is due.
JetStar is completely unforgiving, and you forfeit your ticket.
Paul, the Fodors site has been a bit of a mess for over a week, and you can bet that if it's going to knock back any of your posts it will be the ones you've spent 10 minutes or more composing. It might be a good idea to compose any long posts in Word and then copy them across. There have been numerous screams on the Europe and USA forums, but it still seems to be intermittently flakey.
Paul, I take it all back - my post just went up OK. It must be just you they don't like.
Well now I cannot post at all I just get the Fodors sorry message.
I have been trying to post this message as one reply so now I am going to split it up over two replies to see if I can get it posted, so here goes.
I am not sure of the ages of your children so I am going to base my comments on the possibility that they are around the 5 to 10 year old bracket.
My expertise is Port Stephens and although I have been to all the other places you mention my personal experience of them is now dated so in that regard advice on the other areas is best left to people with more recent experience.
You ask whether you should skip Port Stephens or not due to going to the gold coast. Well they are very different places, Port Stephens abounds with natural beauty whereas the Gold Coast is more noted for its theme parks and man made attractions. Of course I am talking about the coastal strip and not the hinterland area of the Gold Coast.
I could go on and on about the different activities and attractions at Port Stephens but if you look on the following websites then you will see that there are oodles of things to see and do there.
One thing I will say is that you appear to be wasting some time retracing your steps back to Sydney from Port Stephens. You can fly direct to the Gold Coast from Port Stephens with either Virgin Blue or Jetstar airlines. You can also return your hire car at the airport.
The cost of a ticket from Port Stephens to the Gold Coast with virgin blue start at A$79.00 each one way and Jetstar start at A$69.00 each one way. However Jetstar lands at Brisbane whereas Virgin Blue lands at Coolangatta airport on the Gold Coast.
If you need more specific info on Port Stephens then just ask.
Whey Hey, I finally managed to get my reply posted. Seems as though Fodors have imposed new length limits on posts.
Just a few suggestions to add to those already contributed.
In Sydney, the Powerhouse Museum and the Aquarium would interest the whole family. They are near Darling Harbour.
In Port Stephens, take a trip on the water to check out the dolphins.
In Canberra, the National Museum is good; also take the lift to the top of the Telstra Tower.
I can't say enough - Big Thank you to all for your very helpful suggestions. I need to review them all - may have some follow-up questions later.
All my flight segments are Qantas and I believe they charge $75/- per ticket change - so flying Port Stephen to Brisbane/Gold Coast will put me back by $300/-... I will still try my luck and see if I can convince them to let me fly Jetstar.. Just want to be double sure - the nearest Airport near Port Stephen would be Newcastle - right?
Well QANTAS also flies from Newcastle to Coolangatta. The Newcastle airport is actually at a place called Williamtown which is a Royal Australian Air Force base close to Port Stephens about a 20 min drive from your hotel. The RAAF base has a domestic terminal which is the Newcastle airport. QANTAS run a Dash 8 service from there to Coolangatta.
The QANTAS service departs daily at 11:35 am and gets into Coolangatta at 12:00 pm. If you were to stay in Port Stephens on the night of the 8th Dec and fly up to Coolangatta on the morning of the 9th then you could do the dinner cruise on the Moonshadow V on the night of the 8th which my wife and I do regularly. Always plenty of food and you cruise the waters of the port up to Fame Cove and you can look for dolphins etc plus there is dancing as well. The kids are made welcome and all the ones I have seen in the past have had a great time.


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