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Why is British Army recruiting in such a bad state?
by Stuart Crawford
article from Wednesday 9, January, 2019
THE NEW British Army recruiting campaign advertisements have caused a bit of a kerfuffle. Apparently aimed at "millennials" and "Generation Z" it is the latest in a series of initiatives to try to boost recruiting in difficult times. It comes after last year's "it's OK to cry" campaign, the opening up of all army posts to women, and the relaxation of residency rules to allow greater recruitment from Commonwealth countries.
However, this innovative approach which features a series of posters and supporting videos is another sign that recruitment to the British army still faces big challenges to reach its targets. Responsibility for this was outsourced to "leading provider of technology enabled business services" company Capita in 2012, and delivery of outcomes have been, so far, underwhelming to say the least.
There have been major difficulties with the company's online application process leading to long delays between initial application and entry to training. Delays that have, in many cases, led to potential recruits giving up and looking for employment elsewhere. Consequently, the army is currently approximately 5,000 short of its 82,500 target for trained soldiers.
The army has admitted its own part in this abject failure, with Chief of the General Staff General Sir Nick Carter recently telling MPs on the House of Commons Select Defence Committee that the MoD had made three or four big errors when awarding the contract to Capita. Outsourced recruitment contract aside, there would appear to be other reasons why an army career seems to have a fading appeal with young folk today.
First, and indeed most obvious, is that our collective knowledge of personal military service has very much reduced since the end of National Service in the early 1960s. The armed services as a whole have become increasingly isolated within mainstream civilian society as numbers have dropped dramatically since the end of the Cold War.
Thus impressions that potential recruits may have of the army may owe more to incessant repeats of Dad's Armyor It Ain't Half Hot Mumon TV or, more probably perhaps, to media coverage of damaged or maimed soldiers from the Afghanistan or Iraq campaigns swelling the ranks of the homeless or the mentally ill. It's not a good look.
The army also undoubtedly suffers in comparison to its sister services. The Royal Navy has made much of its new aircraft carriers, and it and the RAF have exploited the PR value of the introduction of the F-35B jet aircraft. They benefit in that they are seen, rightly or wrongly, as being progressive, expanding organisations with real operational business to do.
On the other hand, the army is regarded as the poor cousin sucking on the hind teat, at least as far as new equipment is concerned, unable to look forward to anything significant except a much delayed and overstaffed upgrade to its ageing fleet of AFVs and a medium armoured programme which has gone on so long that many doubt it will ever come to fruition. To quote the popular military blog ThinkDefence; "If we look back, the decades have rolled by, replacement programmes have come and gone, wars have been fought, money spent and the UK armoured vehicle industry decimated, but the British army's aspiration for a medium weight capability remains unfulfilled." Again, this is not a good look.
In short, the RN and RAF are seen as much "sexier" organisations than the army, which is hardly regarded as an exciting and expanding organisation which ambitious young people might seek to join. Dragged down in the public eye by the unpopular Iraq campaign and lack of a successful outcome in Afghanistan, it has little good news to publicise. "Join the army and see Estonia" just isn't going to cut it.
What, then, can be done to stop the decline and once again encourage a steady stream of young folk into the British army? Well, first of all, the solution will not be found in the current British army Twitter account (@BritishArmy) pumping out ad nauseam its current default message; "Our greatest asset is our people – the finest men and women our great nation has to offer". That is patronising, arrogant, clearly not true if taken literally, and also disrespectful of those who currently staff the emergency services, the NHS, the teaching professions, etc etc.
But the finger of blame must be pointed at the Capita recruitment process and the numpties in the MoD – now long gone of course – who signed up to it. Of course it's easy to be wise after the event, but in particular the attempt to replace city centre recruiting offices staffed by serving personnel with an anonymous and dysfunctional online application process has been, by all accounts, disastrous.
I don't think necessarily that restoring the recruiting offices would be the answer to the maiden's prayer but it would at least be a start and a sign of future intent. Nor do I advocate a return to the "travel the world, meet interesting people, and kill them" message of old. What I would like to see is a positive approach which majors on encouraging people to exceed their own expectations of themselves, to surprise themselves at what they can become.
Something along the lines, perhaps, of; "Dad a bus driver? You could command a Transport Regiment" or "Scared of heights? You could become an SF HALO parachutist", alongside the message that the British army will show you how. The underlying theme might be, I suggest, that no matter your background the army will help you get to where you aspire if you want it badly enough. But no doubt others will have much better ideas than mine.
And as for the new "snowflake friendly" recruiting campaign? It's fair to say, I think, that it has divided opinion, with some seeing it as an attention grabbing approach to a thorny problem and others dismissing it as patronising and ill-judged. My personal view is that it isn't a patch on the brilliant "born in Carlisle but made in the Royal Navy" series of advertisements, nor is it as good as the RAF's current campaign on television.
But then again I'm not a millennial or of Generation Z – thank goodness – so I'm hardly the best judge.
© Stuart Crawford 2018
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text:
title: Threads
localeTitle: Tópicos
---
## Tópicos

Uma sequência de instruções de programa fornecidas ao sistema operacional para execução. É a menor seqüência síncrona que pode ser executada. Sendo síncronas, as instruções em um thread são lineares e executadas uma após a outra. Se um programa tiver vários encadeamentos, o programa como um todo pode ser assíncrono, já que esses encadeamentos executam suas próprias instruções independentemente uns dos outros (simultaneamente).

Um thread é uma abstração que os sistemas operacionais usam para representar a CPU para os programas. Não existe um conceito real de threads no código da máquina ou nas linguagens assembly.

Os threads são uma maneira de programar para executar várias tarefas ao mesmo tempo.

Uma distinção comum que se deve fazer é a diferença entre threads e processos. Um thread é filho de um processo, por assim dizer.
Pode haver qualquer número de encadeamentos filhos no contexto de um processo. Threads podem aumentar a velocidade de execução de um programa, aumentando a porcentagem de CPU usada para a tarefa.
Observe que aumentar drasticamente o número de encadeamentos em um programa pode exigir muito da CPU e, se 100% da CPU estiver sendo usada, os encadeamentos não afetarão a velocidade da execução.

![Segmentos dentro de um gráfico de processo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Multithreaded_process.svg/440px-Multithreaded_process.svg.png)

Suponha que você tenha vários programas abertos - cada compartilhamento de programa do tempo da CPU é representado por um ou mais encadeamentos associados a esse programa. Quando o **agendador** do sistema operacional decide que é a vez do Programa A executar, o SO alimenta (ou, para ser mais preciso, multiplexa) instruções no thread do Programa A para a CPU, que então executa essas instruções.

Um thread para um determinado programa consiste em algumas ou todas as instruções compiladas do programa, além de algumas informações necessárias para a CPU executar essas instruções.

**Multithreading** é um conceito de programação em que um programa gera vários threads durante a execução, de modo a executar tarefas mais rapidamente.

Aqui está um exemplo simples de multithreading em python que imprime os números de 1 a 10, gerando um thread separado para cada instrução print.
```
import threading

 def print_number(number):
    print(number)

 if __name__ == "__main__":
    for i in range(1, 11):
        threading.Thread(target=print_number, args=(i,)).start()
```

#### Mais Informações:

*   [Tópicos (Wikipedia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread_(computing))
*   [Noções básicas sobre multithreading](http://www.nakov.com/inetjava/lectures/part-1-sockets/InetJava-1.3-Multithreading.html)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Stuck for stocks to buy this Christmas? Look no further. The following five stocks are all looking pretty compelling right now. I'll explain. First, they all have a 'Strong Buy' analyst consensus rating, based on the last three months. Second, they all sport juicy upside potential. That's good news for the coming months. Plus a couple of these stocks also tick the dividend box. I selected these stocks using TipRanks' market data. This is a site that tracks all the latest analyst ratings making it easy to see what top analysts are recommending right now.
But it's better to buy sooner rather than later. That way you can make the most of a potential Santa Claus rally. John Stoltzfus, Oppenheimer's chief investment strategist, has just told CNBC that Wall Street could get 7% out of an end-of-year rally. "There's a lot of stuff happening, and the market's not recognizing it," he argued. Wages are up, fundamentals are strong, and a possible trade truce is the icing on the cake.
I would recommend taking a closer look at Broadcom (NASDAQ:AVGO) right now. Top B. Riley FBR analyst Craig Ellis (Track Record & Ratings) has just upgraded the semiconductor stock to Buy. He also ramped up his price target to $300 from $250 — indicating upside potential of 35%. A key reason: the closure of the massive $18.9 billion CA Technologies acquisition.
At first glance this came across as a strange deal (or even the 'weirdest acquisition ever'). CA provides enterprise software and services, while Broadcom develops and supplies semiconductor and infrastructure software solutions.
However, as AVGO CEO Hock Tan explains "we believe we can bring our portfolio directly to these same large enterprises that are buying CA software. These large end users invest tens of billions dollars on IT infrastructure every year." And it's worth nothing that Broadcom has met or exceeded expectations for each of its acquisitions.
Bear in mind this is an analyst with a stellar stock picking track record. Out of over 5,000 analysts Craig Ellis comes in at #36 with an average return per rating of 21%!
financially attractive business models in semiconductors" comments Oppenheimer's Rick Schafer. Interested in AVGO stock? Get a free AVGO Stock Research Report.
On November 1, cannabis pharma stock GW Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:GWPH) launched Epidiolex in the U.S. The drug is already receiving demand from from both major centers of excellence and local clinics that specialize in epilepsy.
This is the first FDA-approved drug that contains a purified drug substance derived from marijuana. It is also the first FDA approval of a drug for the treatment of patients with Dravet syndrome — a rare and severe form of epilepsy.
"We remain very bullish on GWPH shares and foresee 57% upside potential from the stock's current trading level" writes Cantor Fitzgerald's Elemer Piros (Track Record & Ratings).
What's more "there is significant upside to our valuation, given additional opportunities embedded in the platform and in additional markets, which aren't included in our calculation." As a result, Piros reiterated his Buy rating on December 3 with a $193 price target.
Near-term emphasis should be a focus on Epidiolex sales, says the analyst, which he expects to take off in 1Q19, following the holiday season.
And by spring (1Q19), the EMA is expected to make an approval decision on Epidiolex, with GW already beginning marketing efforts in five major EU markets.
Encouragingly, GWPH records 100% Street support. This is with 7 buy ratings in the last three months. Meanwhile the average price target of $193 indicates juicy upside of nearly 60% from current levels. Get the GWPH Stock Research Report.
It's all change at General Motors Company (NYSE:GM). The company has just revealed significant restructuring plans. This will involve the closure of three North American manufacturing plants, and an end to production of several money-losing passenger cars.
These changes should bring an extra $6 billion in free cash annually by the end of 2020.
According to Morgan Stanley analyst Adam Jonas (Track Record & Ratings), this was a savvy "proactive" move that will enable GM to reduce unprofitable auto capacity.
Meanwhile UBS' Colin Langan strikes a similar tone. He has a bullish $53 price target on the stock — 51% upside potential.
All six best-performing analysts covering GM rate the stock a buy. Their average price target suggests shares can surge more than 30% from current levels. Get the GM Stock Research Report.
Irish biotech Amarin Corporation (NASDAQ:AMRN) has put on an exceptional show this year. Shares in the company exploded by a mind-blowing 400% back in September.
The move came following strong results of a cardiovascular outcomes study of Vascepa, its omega-3 fatty acid drug derived from fish oil. The drug is clinically proven to lower very high triglyceride,s without raising bad cholesterol.
However if you're looking for stocks to buy, it's not too late to invest. The Street still sees substantial upside potential ahead.
"We continue to think that the peak sales opportunity for Vascepa, post positive REDUCE-IT results, is still underappreciated. Therefore, it is a good time to take another look at AMRN's stock ahead of some potentially positive catalysts, which could drive the shares higher" writes Cantor Fitzgerald's Lousie Chen (Track Record & Ratings).
Indeed, her buy rating comes with a $35 price target for 95% upside potential.
Just some potential share drivers include upward earnings revisions not currently reflected in the FactSet consensus: a potential EU partner for Vascepa that could bring a meaningful upfront payment, continued salesforce expansion and continued accelerated prescriptions for Vascepa post positive REDUCE-IT results.
Meanwhile, AMRN remains on track to submit an NDA to expand its labeling for REDUCE-IT in early 2019, with approval expected in late 2019.
Louise Chen isn't the only analyst cheering the stock. Five top analysts have published buy ratings on AMRN in the last three months. So no hold or sell ratings here. This is with a $34.80 average price target. Get the AMRN Stock Research Report.
Last but not least we have the daddy of Xmas wish-list stocks, Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMZN). Because at $1,678 this stock is certainly not coming in on the cheap.
Nonetheless upside potential stands at an appealing 29%. That would take shares all the way to $2,158.
"We reiterate our Buy rating on AMZN as the recent decline has created a major buying opportunity and we are adding it to our Research Focus List and Focus Opportunity Portfolio" Tigress Financial analyst Ivan Feinseth (Track Record & Ratings) told investors at the beginning of December.
He believes 'significant upside exists' from current levels, singling out AMZN's ongoing expansion across global markets and new industry verticals. This is made possible by its vast technologically advanced infrastructure that leaves many rivals in the dust.
Consider this: AMZN is both the leading online retailer as well as the e-commerce and fulfillment engine for online businesses. On top of that it is also the leading provider of cloud infrastructure as a service to enterprise customers.
And at the recent AWS conference, AWS CEO Andy Jassy indicated that new software applications will include machine learning and artificial intelligence components. This could cut GPU costs by 75%.
In short "We believe AMZN's innovative ability and growing market share will continue to drive increased revenue growth and significant cash flow." Get the AMZN Stock Research Report.
Article printed from InvestorPlace Media, https://investorplace.com/2018/12/5-stocks-to-buy-and-put-under-your-christmas-tree/.


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text:
Posted in Before You Begin, Business Side of Writing, The Nitty Gritty of Children's Writing, The Publication Process
Double Identity – Pen Names
Posted on March 26, 2011 December 30, 2022 by Susan Uhlig
"I wish I'd thought to use a pen name," children's author Jennifer J. Stewart says after discovering another children's author with the same name. "I've been confused with her (wrong books ordered for events)." Using her middle initial J, as she does now, might have helped avoid confusion. "But what's worse," Jennifer says, "is the 'Jennifer Stewart' without the J who is an 'actress.' Yeah, she acts without any clothes on! You get more than an eyeful if you go to her website instead of mine." Most creators of children's books don't have Jennifer's identity problem, but for writers not yet published, searching the internet for their real name or potential pseudonym could save some later grief.
Pen names are also developed because they are easier or more memorable than a writer's real name. Pam Bachorz thought about writing as Pam Bayshores. "My last name isn't exactly pretty and could be hard for kids to remember when talking about my book and looking for it on the shelf." Spelling her name how it is pronounced would simplify the issue, but in the end she went with the correct spelling.
Other women authors use their maiden name as a pen name. Alexis O'Neill says she had already established a reputation in her field before she was married. "I decided to use a pen name, my pre-marriage name, because I had always liked it and because Quimby is a much less common surname than Johnson," says Katherine Quimby. And, "It is who I was when I first thought about writing and storytelling…" Of her pen name, Carol Nevius (rhymes with devious) says, "It honors my parents, and there is no other pb author using it."
Another reason for employing a pseudonym is to separate it from a writer's every day life–personal privacy or job related–or from their writings in other genres. "I wanted some variation of my name so friends and family would know what I'd written, but not a name that would appear in a phone book or a lookup search engine," says Michele Ivy Davis. Using yet another name for articles for law enforcement/safety force magazines keeps Mickey's adult articles separate from her children's writing. Similarly, Lynda S. Burch says, "I only use a pen name for my books written in another genre. I write romantic suspense and have had published over 20 children's books. I did not want a person picking up a book of mine and thinking they were getting a kid's book instead of an adult." Cheryl Zach agrees. "I wanted to distinguish the adult books from my teen and children's books, both for readers and book sellers." Verna Safran says, "My legal name is the name of my ex-husband, who was a reporter for the New York Times. Since I am no longer associated with him, I wanted a name of my own."
Pen names are sometimes created by two authors collaborating or at editor request. The latter was the case for David Harrison. "I used a pen name on a dozen or more books, mostly in the 70s. At the time I was writing a lot of assignment work for Western Publishing. Because of the number of assignments, an editor asked if I would consider taking a second name." Ruth Vander Zee wrote some board books with friends and they used a pen name to make it easier for the publishing company. Robin Koontz says, "I also use them for work-for-hire (curriculum texts mostly) when the publisher doesn't want to seem to have a bunch of books by the same author." Stephanie Jacob Gordon and Judith Ross Enderle ended up with the pen name Jeffie Ross Gordon, because they wrote for a series of historical YAs that had set covers with little room for the author's name. "Two names wouldn't fit, so rather than leave one of our names off the cover, we combined our names."
If a writer decides to use a pseudonym, how do they pick one? Some choose family or friend's names that have special meaning. For an article for adults, Susan Kneib Schank chose "a combo of my mother's nickname and my 'other mother's' name–representing two very strong women in my life." Lori Cardwell-Casey needed multiple pen names for a magazine. "For one, I used the middle names of my two children. For another, I used my first two initials as my first name and my favorite book of the Bible as my last name." Lisa Rojany Buccieri took an interesting route; "I chose my middle name and Latinized it and the Hebrew name of my rebound boyfriend at the time." "I chose Kennon (my wife's maiden name) and Graham (for the college Professor who inspired me to become a writer)" says David Harrison.
Others select a name that hides gender or links to the book's audience. J.M.G. Anderton decided to use initials for the former purpose. "Also, I think middle readers and YAs like the initials." "I use my Armenian family name," Marianne Markarian says. "I decided to use a pen name in order to connect more directly with my target market. My children's book is an Armenian cultural story."
Another possibility is to assume an allonym, which is the name of another person–usually someone historical. Robin Koontz uses the name of her great aunt. "Nettie Mullins was also a writer. I have a rejection letter to her from 1890. She is one of my muses."
Newcomers to the field might wonder how editors know whether a writer wants to use a pen name or not. It's really quite simple: the writer's real name is at the top of the manuscript and following the title is the "byline" to indicate the "to be published" name.
Writers should think about the pros and cons of having a double or triple identity–anonymity, privacy, and freedom versus confusion or not receiving kudos for what you wrote.
"I can be incognito when I want to. I'm 'famous' locally, so introducing myself as Lee Jaffurs instead of Lee Wardlaw will give me a certain amount of anonymity when I want or need it." "It can produce an interesting psychological effect," says Lee Braff. "When I was starting to write, it fell very protective and freeing; I could say anything I wanted to, because who would know? I was protected by my pseudonym! I hadn't expected to feel that way." "As to using a pen name, I love it. It frees me to be me. It uncovers a very silly side of myself that was hidden away in my sketchbooks," says HildaRose. "I have less evaluation of myself as my pen name. It is like having another person in myself who I can joke with as I draw."
On the other hand, Lori Cardwell-Casey wishes she hadn't agreed to use pen names in a parenting magazine. "Every time something was published, it felt as if it was lying to the readership, somehow. I also felt odd about sending these clips when I sent queries."
Elizabeth C. Bunce says, "It confuses people initially." But to lessen confusion she has both her real name and her pen name printed on her business cards. When Alexis O'Neil books a hotel room or flight, her hosts can't find her since she's booked under her married name. "People who know me first and foremost as my husband's wife or my daughter's mother don't necessarily connect me with my pen name," Katherine Quimby says. Hope Slaughter concurs. "Friends and acquaintances who don't know this don't recognize work by me, or articles written about me, but that's not a big thing." When Stephanie Jacob Gordon and Judith Ross Enderle started writing picture books under their joint pen name, people at appearances sometimes wondered where the "guy" Jeff was. Cheryl Zach says, "You become used to answering to two names at conference and book signings!"
Writers might want to take a field trip to the library or bookstore to see where books would be filed under a potential pseudonym. Will it be alphabetically next to some best selling author? Will its neighbors be complimentary or detrimental? It's a minor factor, but interesting to consider.
And what is it like signing this name? Will the author be wishing he'd chosen a shorter one or does he struggle against writing his real name? Practice can help in both cases, making the signature automatic in the appropriate setting.
How does a pen name affect a writer legally? Books can be copyrighted under the creator's pseudonym, legal name or both. Copyright laws provide protection either way (see length differences on a copyright site). Many legal documents do ask for other names a signer goes by and it would be appropriate to list any "bynames" at that time. Another option is to go to your city, county or state and follow their instructions to create a DBA – doing business as – name. Your DBA pen name becomes a legal name.
It's mostly a personal decision whether to use a pseudonym or not. But writers or illustrators, who have considered the angles, will be happier than those who just wish they'd done it differently.
Here's a recent blog with the opinion of another author on pen names: Why Pen Names Suck & Can Make Us Crazy.
I do use a pen name. Would love to hear your thoughts and experiences on this topic. Simply share in the comments below.
Tagged: by name, bylines, pen name, pen names, pseudonym, pseudonyms, the business side of writing
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5 thoughts on "Double Identity – Pen Names"
Lumiere says:
Hi there …
I came across your post as I was browsing. Kinda a little upset because I am happy with the pen name I chose and a who I thought was a ' friend ' on twitter posted on my fb that I was "crazee" and do I get bored with my profile. I think may be they were sorta joking tho' it got to me a bit since I know I am not.
Thing is most people online do know my real first name and a few know my surname. I have always wanted to use a different name not to defraud anyone just to have one I made my own. I am wondering should I associate my real first name with the pen name would that be better ? My real surname I never cared for.
Okay well … would a DBA make it more official ? I want to brand the pen name and I do want it to project the same integrity that is with my real first name. I am still me, I just want to use another name.
Sorry, I missed your questions until now. (Hmm, how to make the system let me know…)
I think real names often come out. Look at JK Rowling–we now know her name is Joanne. However, pen names are not "crazee"–people definitely have different reasons for having them.
DBA making it more official? I don't know. That's an account or lawyer question. 😉 However, I do recall that tax forms ask for the business name.
James Scott Bell on why he's using a pen name for his next work:
http://killzoneauthors.blogspot.com/2011/07/i-feel-like-new-man.html
Tara Sharp says:
Hi Sue! Thanks for stopping by. I had the same thing happen with my real name. About 15 years ago, there were only 3 people on the Internet with my name. Now there are so many, and, wouldn't you know, one of them is an author! I didn't discover this until AFTER I had published my book, but, then, my book title didn't come up in my earlier searches either. I'm still keeping my name, because, after all, it is mine. 🙂
admin_sue says:
Here's another interesting post on pen names: https://www.goodstorycompany.com/blog/pseudonym

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Recruiting notes: Update on Logansport's Adaway
Jalen Adaway is in no rush to make a college decision, but the recruitment of the Logansport standout figures to be one to watch after the July evaluation period.
Recruiting notes: Update on Logansport's Adaway Jalen Adaway is in no rush to make a college decision, but the recruitment of the Logansport standout figures to be one to watch after the July evaluation period. Check out this story on IndyStar.com: https://indy.st/29VnIGJ
Kyle Neddenriep, kyle.neddenriep@indystar.com Published 3:58 p.m. ET July 20, 2016 | Updated 4:07 p.m. ET July 20, 2016
Logansport's Jalen Adaway (Photo: IndyStar)
The 6-5 Adaway, an IndyStar Indiana Junior All-Star, said Indiana State is the program pursuing him the hardest at this point.
"I'd have to say they are the ones recruiting me the hardest right now," he said. "They told me I'm their No. 1 guy and that I'd come right in and work hard and make an impact right away with their program."
Recruiting profile: Logansport's Jalen Adaway
Indiana State is one of the schools that has been after Adaway the longest, offering him a scholarship last June. But the Sycamores face plenty of competition. Adaway, who averaged 19.3 points, 8.1 rebounds and 3.4 assists as a junior, said Ball State, Denver, Duquesne, Valparaiso and Wright State are among the programs in the mix.
Adaway also picked up offers this summer from UNC-Greensboro and Northern Kentucky. He has previous offers from Evansville, IUPUI, Kent State and New Orleans.
"We'll see how everything goes," said Adaway, who added that Valparaiso is also making a strong push. "Right around when the high school season starts is probably when I'll decide, at the earliest. I'm going to wait until after July is over and then that's when I'm going to start focusing on it hard."
Park Tudor's Kobe Webster looks to close July strong
Logansport returns the core of its team next season, coming off a 15-9 year with a first-round loss to Class 4A state runner-up McCutcheon in the first round of the sectional. The Berries also return senior-to-be Matt Jennings (23.2 points, 3.8 assists) and sophomore-to-be Sam Skaggs (8.8 ppg, 3.5 assists), among others.
"We've pretty much got everybody back," Adaway said. "We played close to 20 games in the summer and only lost a couple."
Adaway, a 40 percent shooter from the 3-point line (54-for-136), said his shooting is "so much better" than it was last season.
"I think next year I'll be creating more shots for myself and others," he said. "I'm hoping to get to the free-throw line more and improve there."
Insider on prep school transfers: I hate it
*I was on vacation last week and was only able to tweet this, but Crispus Attucks guard Nike Sibande (2017) committed to IUPUI. I had many chances to see the 6-2 Sibande as a sophomore when I covered the Attucks team for a behind-the-scenes project. His upside was apparent even then, though he played most of the time on the junior varsity team as the Attucks' roster was full of seniors. Sibande had a big junior season (16.2 points, 12.5 rebounds) but I think he's still just scratching the surface of his potential.
*Valparaiso picked up a commitment last week from Parker Hazen, a Junior All-Star from Columbia City. The 6-7 Hazen, the younger brother of Arkansas recruit Brachen Hazen, also had offers from Ball State and IUPUI.
*Lawrence North girls basketball player Trinity Brady (2019) picked up offers from Akron and Toledo the last two days. Brady's first offer was from Butler. … North Central's Rikki Harris, another local standout in the 2019 class, picked up offers from Akron and Western Michigan on Tuesday. Harris also has offers from Purdue and Toledo. … Brownsburg's Landon Hall (2017) picked up offers from Division II programs Christian Brothers (Tenn.) and Bellarmine (Ky.) over the weekend.
Fire destroys historic gym, burns hole in small Indiana community
Read or Share this story: https://indy.st/29VnIGJ
Athlete spotlight Q&A: Greenwood Christian's Champ McCorkle
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'Red Pride' became a Plainfield football mantra under Davis
Insider: Don't overlook North Central girls hoops
LN, LC will play for Marion County title


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Eschew the tourist crowds and head to Food Tours and Madison Square Garden. Step out of New York City to go to Bronx and see New York Botanical Garden, which is approximately 30 minutes away. And it doesn't end there: take in the pleasant sights at Central Park, contemplate in the serene atmosphere at The Met Cloisters, capture your vacation like a pro with an inspiring photography tour, and pause for some serene contemplation at St. Patrick's Cathedral.
To find photos, traveler tips, other places to visit, and tourist information, read New York City trip tool .
If you are flying in from Australia, the closest major airports are La Guardia Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport and John F Kennedy International Airport. In November, plan for daily highs up to 16°C, and evening lows to 7°C. Wrap up your sightseeing by early afternoon on the 8th (Sun) to allow enough time to travel to Boston.
Brooklyn, New York Botanical Garden
Find places to stay Nov 29 — Dec 8:
10:00am, Sun Dec 1
3:00pm, Sat Dec 7
12:00pm, Thu Dec 5
Beantown
Rich in museums, restaurants, shops, and historical sites, Boston attracts over 16 million visitors each year. New England's largest and most influential city, Boston ranks among the world's major centers of education and culture.
Discover out-of-the-way places like Museum of Fine Arts and Boston Public Garden. There's still lots to do: take a stroll through Beacon Hill, contemplate in the serene atmosphere at Old North Church & Historic Site, pause for some photo ops at New England Holocaust Memorial, and let your taste buds guide you at a local gastronomic tour.
To find photos, ratings, and tourist information, read our Boston vacation builder tool .
Getting from New York City to Boston by combination of bus and flight takes about 3 hours. Other options: fly; or drive. Prepare for a bit cooler weather when traveling from New York City in December: high temperatures in Boston hover around 7°C and lows are around 0°C. Wrap up your sightseeing on the 12th (Thu) early enough to travel to Philadelphia.
Neighborhoods Museums Historic Sites
Find places to stay Dec 8 — 12:
3:30pm, Mon Dec 9
10:00am, Tue Dec 10
Boston Public Garden
The City of Brotherly Love
Steeped in cultural and historical heritage, Philadelphia is known as the birthplace of U.S.
Discover out-of-the-way places like Longwood Gardens and Eastern State Penitentiary. There's lots more to do: admire the masterpieces at Philadelphia Museum of Art, get to know the fascinating history of Independence Mall, get a sense of history and politics at Independence Hall, and look for all kinds of wild species at Morris Arboretum.
To find ratings, reviews, and tourist information, you can read our Philadelphia online day trip planner .
Fly from Boston to Philadelphia in 3.5 hours. Alternatively, you can do a combination of flight and train; or drive. December in Philadelphia sees daily highs of 10°C and lows of 1°C at night. Finish up your sightseeing early on the 15th (Sun) so you can go by car to Atlantic City.
Things to do in Philadelphia
Museums Parks Historic Sites
Find places to stay Dec 12 — 15:
11:00am, Thu Dec 12
2:30pm, Sat Dec 14
11:30am, Sat Dec 14
America's Favorite Playground
The gambling capital of the east coast, Atlantic City is best known for its numerous casinos, colorful boardwalk, and beach.
Start off your visit on the 15th (Sun): wander the streets of Downtown Ocean City. On the next day, shop like a local with Atlantic City Boardwalk, appreciate the history behind New Jersey Korean War Memorial, then try to win big at Caesars Atlantic City Casino, and finally try to win big at Harrah's Atlantic City Casino.
For ratings, traveler tips, where to stay, and more tourist information, go to the Atlantic City trip planner .
Traveling by car from Philadelphia to Atlantic City takes 1.5 hours. Alternatively, you can take a bus. In December, daily temperatures in Atlantic City can reach 11°C, while at night they dip to 0°C. Finish your sightseeing early on the 18th (Wed) so you can drive to Washington DC.
Things to do in Atlantic City
Fun & Games Casinos Neighborhoods
Downtown Ocean City
5:30pm, Sun Dec 15
Gardner's Basin
2:00pm, Tue Dec 17
In the Line of Duty Sculpture
You'll explore the less-touristy side of things at Skyline Drive and The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. When in Washington DC, make a side trip to see Antietam National Battlefield in Sharpsburg, approximately 1h 30 min away. There's still lots to do: get engrossed in the history at National Museum of African American History and Culture, examine the collection at National Air and Space Museum, appreciate the history behind Lincoln Memorial, and pause for some serene contemplation at Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception.
For ratings, maps, and other tourist information, go to the Washington DC trip itinerary planner.
Drive from Atlantic City to Washington DC in 3.5 hours. Alternatively, you can do a combination of bus and train; or take a bus. Expect a daytime high around 12°C in December, and nighttime lows around 3°C. Finish up your sightseeing early on the 22nd (Sun) so you can travel to San Antonio.
Antietam National Battlefield, The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Skyline Drive
The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
10:00am, Wed Dec 18
Antietam National Battlefield
Skyline Drive
11:30am, Fri Dec 20
The Alamo City
As the state's second largest city, San Antonio embodies Texas' rich cultural heritage while maintaining the Old West charm of an oil town.
You'll explore the less-touristy side of things at Mission San Jose and San Fernando De Bexar Cathedral. There's much more to do: Head underground at Natural Bridge Caverns, appreciate the history behind Korean War Memorial, enjoy some diversion at San Antonio Western Shooting, and steep yourself in history at The Alamo.
To find reviews, photos, and other tourist information, refer to the San Antonio travel route builder .
Do a combination of train and flight from Washington DC to San Antonio in 6.5 hours. Alternatively, you can do a combination of subway, bus, and flight; or drive. Due to the time zone difference, you'll gain 1 hour traveling from Washington DC to San Antonio. Expect somewhat warmer temperatures when traveling from Washington DC in December; daily highs in San Antonio reach 22°C and lows reach 9°C. Cap off your sightseeing on the 26th (Thu) early enough to travel to Las Vegas.
Things to do in San Antonio
Parks Theme Parks Zoos & Aquariums
San Antonio Western Shooting
Mission San Jose
Natural Bridge Caverns
10:30am, Mon Dec 23
Explore hidden gems such as Food Tours and Machine Guns Vegas. Change things up with a short trip to Don Laughlin's Classic Car Collection in Laughlin (about 1h 55 min away). There's still lots to do: enjoy some diversion at The Range 702, examine the collection at Wayne Newton's Casa de Shenandoah, get the lay of the land with Walking tours, and have some family-friendly fun at Axe Monkeys.
For more things to do, reviews, photos, and more tourist information, read our Las Vegas travel planner .
You can fly from San Antonio to Las Vegas in 5.5 hours. Other options are to do a combination of bus and flight; or drive. Due to the time zone difference, you'll gain 2 hours traveling from San Antonio to Las Vegas. In December, Las Vegas is little chillier than San Antonio - with highs of 16°C and lows of 4°C. Wrap up your sightseeing on the 30th (Mon) early enough to travel to Los Angeles.
Fun & Games Tours Parks
Don Laughlin's Classic Car Collection
The Range 702
4:00pm, Thu Dec 26
Explore hidden gems such as The Getty Center and Battleship USS Iowa BB-61. Pack the 31st (Tue) with family-friendly diversions at Universal Studios Hollywood. And it doesn't end there: admire all the interesting features of Staples Center, see the interesting displays at The Nethercutt Collection, see the sky in a new way at Griffith Observatory, and don't miss a visit to The Wizarding World of Harry Potter.
To find ratings, photos, traveler tips, and tourist information, you can read our Los Angeles tour itinerary site .
Getting from Las Vegas to Los Angeles by flight takes about 4 hours. Other options: drive; or do a combination of flight and bus. Plan for a bit warmer temperatures traveling from Las Vegas in December, with highs in Los Angeles at 24°C and lows at 11°C. Wrap up your sightseeing on the 1st (Wed) to allow time to travel back home.
Museums Theme Parks Childrens Museums
Find places to stay Dec 30 — Jan 1:
10:00am, Wed Jan 1
Battleship USS Iowa BB-61
4:00pm, Wed Jan 1
58 days in United States & Vancouver BY A USER FROM AUSTRALIA September, culture, outdoors, relaxing, romantic, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife, popular sights PREFERENCES: September, culture, outdoors, relaxing, romantic, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife ATTRACTION STYLE: Popular sights PACE: Medium 40 days in Boston BY A USER FROM BRAZIL July, kids, culture, outdoors, relaxing, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife, popular sights PREFERENCES: July, kids, culture, outdoors, relaxing, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife ATTRACTION STYLE: Popular sights PACE: Medium 60 days in United States, Europe & Asia BY A USER FROM BRAZIL January, culture, outdoors, relaxing, romantic, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife, popular & hidden gems PREFERENCES: January, culture, outdoors, relaxing, romantic, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife ATTRACTION STYLE: Popular & hidden gems PACE: Medium 20 days in United States BY A USER FROM ISRAEL July, teens, culture, outdoors, relaxing, romantic, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife, slow & easy, popular sights PREFERENCES: July, teens, culture, outdoors, relaxing, romantic, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife ATTRACTION STYLE: Popular sights PACE: Slow & easy 20 days in United States BY A USER FROM ISRAEL July, teens, culture, outdoors, relaxing, romantic, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife, slow & easy, popular sights PREFERENCES: July, teens, culture, outdoors, relaxing, romantic, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife ATTRACTION STYLE: Popular sights PACE: Slow & easy 20 days in United States BY A USER FROM ISRAEL July, teens, culture, outdoors, relaxing, romantic, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife, slow & easy, popular sights PREFERENCES: July, teens, culture, outdoors, relaxing, romantic, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife ATTRACTION STYLE: Popular sights PACE: Slow & easy 57 days in Florida BY A USER FROM SLOVAKIA June, culture, outdoors, relaxing, beaches, historic sites, museums, slow & easy, popular sights PREFERENCES: June, culture, outdoors, relaxing, beaches, historic sites, museums ATTRACTION STYLE: Popular sights PACE: Slow & easy 36 days in United States BY A USER FROM FINLAND August, outdoors, relaxing, historic sites, museums, popular & hidden gems PREFERENCES: August, outdoors, relaxing, historic sites, museums ATTRACTION STYLE: Popular & hidden gems PACE: Medium 10 days in New York City BY A USER FROM UNITED STATES July, teens, culture, outdoors, relaxing, romantic, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife, popular sights PREFERENCES: July, teens, culture, outdoors, relaxing, romantic, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife ATTRACTION STYLE: Popular sights PACE: Medium 31 days in United States BY A USER FROM AUSTRALIA August, teens, kids, culture, outdoors, relaxing, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife, popular sights PREFERENCES: August, teens, kids, culture, outdoors, relaxing, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife ATTRACTION STYLE: Popular sights PACE: Medium 44 days in United States BY A USER FROM AUSTRALIA October, culture, outdoors, relaxing, beaches, historic sites, wildlife, hidden gems PREFERENCES: October, culture, outdoors, relaxing, beaches, historic sites, wildlife ATTRACTION STYLE: Hidden gems PACE: Medium 4 days in Miami & Orlando BY A USER FROM UNITED STATES June, culture, outdoors, relaxing, romantic, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife, popular sights PREFERENCES: June, culture, outdoors, relaxing, romantic, beaches, historic sites, museums, shopping, wildlife ATTRACTION STYLE: Popular sights PACE: Medium
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text:
Q: get authorization url/html page I have a simple google script, where i check user's email (by deploying, I chose "Execute the app as: User accessing the web app"). Everything works fine in web browser. If the user didn't gave permissions to the script before, it shows the authorization page.
After authorization, I can make AJAX calls (jQuery) with dataType : 'jsonp' and I can receive the response (my JSON response). BUT without previous authorization to the script, I get an error, when I make AJAX call and the authorization HTML page is in response (I can see it in browser console), but I can't get it in jQuery to show it to the user. Is there a way to handle the authorization by my own?
Can I get the authorization URL or the authorization web page from response? The method
ScriptApp.getAuthorizationInfo(ScriptApp.AuthMode.FULL).getAuthorizationUrl();

in Google script doesn't work, because I need permissions to run the script and afterwards I get nothing (because I gave the permission already). Thanks for any advice.
Here is the script code:
function doGet(e) {
  var threads = GmailApp.search('is:unread');
  var messages = GmailApp.getMessagesForThreads(threads);
  var jsonDataRes = [];
  for (var i = 0 ; i < messages.length; i++) {
    for (var j = 0; j < messages[i].length; j++) {
      jsonDataRes.push({
        "from" : messages[i][j].getFrom(),
        "to" : messages[i][j].getTo(),
        "subject" : messages[i][j].getSubject(),
        "body" : messages[i][j].getPlainBody(),
      });
    }
  }
  return ContentService.createTextOutput(e.parameter.callback + '(' + JSON.stringify(jsonDataRes) + ')');
}

And this is how I call it using jQuery and AJAX:
$.ajax({
  url: "https://script.google.com/a/macros/social-net.sk/s/*random chars*/dev?callback=?",
  dataType: "jsonp"
}).done(function(response) {
   console.log(response);
}).always(function(response) {
   console.log(response);
});

This is what I get:

but the HTML is somewhere there in response (console - network tab):

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The nature of the communicator's job has changed dramatically over the last decade. While communicators still prepare speeches, press releases and articles for corporate magazines, they are now being asked to perform managerial duties such as planning, consulting stakeholders and advising CEO's and vice presidents. Communication Planning focuses on these additional responsibilities and examines the role of integrated planning in modern organizations. Sherry Ferguson's comprehensive study includes the theoretical foundations of communication planning and strategic approaches to planning for issues management.


The colors on the schedule are simply to improve readability. This allows the user to easily see overlap, start and stop times and quick employee recognition. You can make and establish your own color key for groups or job positions.


text:
EXTERNAL ACTION / Iran
EU urges Tehran to return to full compliance with JCPoA
The European Union, through the voice of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Josep Borrell, called on Iran to fully comply with the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPoA) on the evening of Monday 11 January, saying it deeply regrets the "worrying" measures taken by the country over the last two years.
On 4 January, Tehran announced that it had resumed the enrichment of its uranium to 20% in the Fordow plant (see EUROPE B12630A4).
"We urge...


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text:
Vitamin D deficiency and psychotic features in mentally ill adolescents: A cross-sectional study
Barbara L Gracious1,4,
Teresa L Finucane2,
Meriel Friedman-Campbell3,
Susan Messing2,5 &
Melissa N Parkhurst2
BMC Psychiatry volume 12, Article number: 38 (2012) Cite this article
Vitamin D deficiency is a re-emerging epidemic, especially in minority populations. Vitamin D is crucial not only for bone health but for proper brain development and functioning. Low levels of vitamin D are associated with depression, seasonal affective disorder, and schizophrenia in adults, but little is known about vitamin D and mental health in the pediatric population.
One hundred four adolescents presenting for acute mental health treatment over a 16-month period were assessed for vitamin D status and the relationship of 25-OH vitamin D levels to severity of illness, defined by presence of psychotic features.
Vitamin D deficiency (25-OH D levels <20 ng/ml) was present in 34%; vitamin D insufficiency (25-OH D levels 20–30 ng/ml) was present in 38%, with a remaining 28% in the normal range. Adolescents with psychotic features had lower vitamin D levels (20.4 ng/ml vs. 24.7 ng/ml; p = 0.04, 1 df). The association for vitamin D deficiency and psychotic features was substantial (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.4-8.9; p <0.009). Race was independently associated with vitamin D deficiency and independently associated with psychosis for those who were Asian or biracial vs. white (OR = 3.8; 95% CI 1.1‒13.4; p < 0.04). Race was no longer associated with psychosis when the results were adjusted for vitamin D level.
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are both highly prevalent in adolescents with severe mental illness. The preliminary associations between vitamin D deficiency and presence of psychotic features warrant further investigation as to whether vitamin D deficiency is a mediator of illness severity, result of illness severity, or both. Higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency but no greater risk of psychosis in African Americans, if confirmed, may have special implications for health disparity and treatment outcome research.
Vitamin D deficiency is endemic across the life span and in diverse populations throughout the world [1]. Contributing factors are lack of exposure to sunlight and insufficient dietary intake; individuals with darker skin are at higher risk due to low cutaneous synthesis and dairy-poor diets. In a study of healthy Northeastern US adolescents, more than 90% of African American teens and 55% of all teens had low vitamin D [2]. The National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES 2001–2004) found an overall US prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in adolescents of 61%, with 9% deficient [3].
Vitamin D is well recognized as essential for intestinal calcium absorption, serum calcium homeostasis, optimal skeletal development, and the prevention of rickets and osteoporosis [4]. The importance of vitamin D to the CNS in both healthy and psychiatric populations is less well-appreciated and is vastly understudied compared to its known impact on bone health. Vitamin D receptors are present throughout the brain, and D-deficiency is associated with negative CNS effects in animal studies [5]. Vitamin D receptors and activating enzymes are particularly prominent in the hypothalamus and substantia nigra, and are involved in glucocorticoid signaling in hippocampal cells. Depletion models show maternal offspring with abnormal brain shape, cell number, and reduced neurotropic factors and receptors. Vitamin D receptor animal knock-out models show increased anxiety, decreased activity, and muscular and motor impairments, resembling phenotypic models of depression. Vitamin D is neuroprotective to hippocampal cells, through regulating calcium ion channels and activating PKC and mapPK pathways.
Clinical studies reinforce the significance of this basic work. A Finnish cohort supplemented with prenatal and infant vitamin D demonstrated reduced adult risk for schizophrenia [6]. Low vitamin D levels were found to correlate with major depression [7] and premenstrual mood symptoms in women [8], and mood disorders and cognitive impairment in older adults [9]. Two randomized controlled trials (RCT) have shown that raising vitamin D levels improved depression. The first study examined phototherapy vs. vitamin D supplementation for seasonal affective disorder, and found a positive effect for vitamin D via either supplementation or phototherapy within one month [10]. Another RCT of overweight and obese subjects, at greater risk for low vitamin D than those of normal weight, found higher levels of depression with low vitamin D; supplementation resulted in significant improvement in depressive symptoms after one year [11]. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no published studies examining vitamin D deficiency and the presence of psychosis in adolescents.
We hypothesized that, in severely mentally ill adolescents, defined as adolescents requiring either inpatient or partial hospitalization, 1) rates of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency would be greater than those documented in general US populations, and 2) lower vitamin D levels would be associated with mental illness severity, defined as presence of psychotic features.
Methods and Materials
The University of Rochester Research Subject Review Board approved the retrospective chart review study.
The study population included 75 females and 29 males aged 12 to 18 years admitted to the Strong Behavioral Health Child and Adolescent Acute Inpatient Service or Partial Hospitalization Service (CAPHS), Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, NY, between October 2008-February 2010 who had serum 25-OH vitamin D levels collected on routine admission laboratory testing as part of a quality improvement initiative.
Charts were identified by a clinical admission database of the service. Diagnostic evaluations and symptom reports from parents/legal guardians and adolescents were extracted from medical records for the period of clinical care.
Clinical diagnoses
Clinical DSM-IV diagnoses were predominantly affective disorders (bipolar disorders, N = 37; depressive disorders, N = 36; mood disorder NOS, N = 15; psychotic disorders, N = 8; anxiety disorders, N = 4; and ADHD/ODD N = 1).
Patient-reported psychosis and potentially related variables
Psychotic symptoms, defined as hallucinations, paranoia, or delusions, were documented on standardized admission assessment forms by the emergency room psychiatrist and the admitting attending. They were categorized dichotomously as yes/no by the second author (TLF), who was blinded to both the purpose of the study and to vitamin D levels until after record extraction was completed. Other variables examined included: race, month of admission/vitamin D level, insurance status, urban/suburban/rural residence, inpatient/partial hospital outpatient, clinical DSM-IV diagnosis, smoking status, age of onset of mental illness, admitting medications, past medications, and immediate and extended family psychiatric and medical history.
Vitamin D laboratory analysis and categorical definitions
Vitamin D 25-OH (25OHD) levels were analyzed by chemiluminescent immunoassay at ARUP laboratories, SLC, Utah, and recorded as normal if >30 ng/ml, insufficient if 20–30 ng/ml, and deficient if <20 ng/ml, as per expert guidelines [12].
Continuous data were graphically inspected for distributional assumptions; comparisons between the normal, insufficient, and deficient vitamin D groups were evaluated by ANOVAs (with t-tests subsequent to the overall analysis), Wilcoxon rank sum test, χ², or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate to the data. The relationship of vitamin D levels and psychosis was assessed with an ANOVA type design and the association of psychosis with vitamin D level groups with logistic regression models, assessing race as well as vitamin D level groups in a multivariate model. All analyses were carried out using SAS 9.2 on a Windows 7 platform.
Vitamin D deficiency prevalence and association with psychosis
Thirty-five (33.7%) adolescents were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/ml), and an additional 40 (38.4%) were vitamin D insufficient (20–30 ng/ml). Of those with vitamin D deficiency, 40% had psychotic features compared to only 16% of the sample who were not vitamin D deficient (p < 0.007). Those with D deficiency were 3½ times more likely to have psychotic features (OR 3.52, CI 1.38-8.95, 1df). Of those with normal vitamin D status, 79% (N = 23/29) did not have psychotic features.
Demographic and other related variable differences
A comparison of demographic variables between adolescents with insufficient, deficient, and normal 25-OH D levels is presented in Table 1.
Table 1 Patient Characteristics by 25-OH Vitamin D Levels
Racial differences
Those who were deficient were more likely to be black or Asian (Figure 1) and have psychotic features (Figure 2). Figure 3 displays the association of 25-OH vitamin D and the interaction of race and psychosis. All groups showed lower 25-OH D levels in the presence of psychosis including Asians who were all deficient. Asian (N = 5) and biracial (N = 7) categories were combined into the "Other" category and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (N = 1) was combined with Caucasian in the linear modeling that was conducted. Odds ratio comparisons for presence of psychosis with vitamin D deficiency as well as potential covariates, including race and medication exposure, are depicted in Table 2. Psychosis was independently related to race for the "other" group (Asian and biracial individuals) vs. white group, but not for black vs. white groups, nor significantly associated for other vs. blacks. The association of psychosis and vitamin D level was significant overall in the univariate and multivariable analyses. Of added interest was the association of psychosis with Vitamin D levels and race (Table 3). While race and vitamin D levels were associated, race and psychosis were not associated adjusting for vitamin D levels.
Box-Whisker plot of vitamin D levels by race.
Box-Whisker plot of vitamin D levels by psychosis.
Association of psychosis, race, and interaction of psychosis and race on vitamin D level expressed as continuous data. Y-axis displays 25OH-D levels in ng/mL; left vs. right side of figure denotes mean 25OHD levels without and with psychosis by race.
Table 2 Unadjusted associations between subject characteristics and psychosis
Table 3 Multiple regression model (adjusted) for association of subject characteristics and psychosis
Family history, medication exposure, and seasonal differences
Immediate family history of psychosis and current antidepressant exposure were also independently related to psychosis. Rates of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency rose from December through March, peaking in March, as would be expected. No seasonal effects, however, were statistically detected (p = 0.14), possibly due to both latitude and high rates of overall deficiency and insufficiency.
This is the first report of an association between vitamin D deficiency in adolescents and severity of mental illness, defined as presence of psychotic features. These findings are similar to a cross-sectional study also linking vitamin D deficiency and adult psychosis [13]. In a study of over 1,000 adults from combined cohorts of a longitudinal evaluation of severe mental illness and a population-based sample from the Oslo Health Study, vitamin D levels and presence of psychosis were compared between native Norwegians and dark-complexion immigrants to Norway. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in immigrants with psychosis was 80%, similar to the 72% in our sample of severely mentally ill adolescents. Additionally, 43% of the Oslo community population with psychosis met criteria for vitamin D deficiency, also similar to the 40% of this teen sample with psychosis. In the adult epidemiologic sample, disorientation on the PANSS, weight loss, and lack of physical energy correlated with lower 25-OH D levels after controlling for major depression. Demographics, level of functioning, lifestyle habits, and BMI were not associated with vitamin D levels.
Our findings also agree with an unpublished 2011 report of a child and adolescent psychiatric population residing in the Pacific Northwest. Using the same definitions of deficiency, insufficiency, and normal ranges as in the current study, 21% of 67 youth with severe psychiatric symptoms residing in 2 Oregon residential treatment programs had vitamin D deficiency, vs. 14% of a comparable NHANES sample. For the children with psychotic disorders, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 43% [14]. The overall mean 25-OH D level was 28.9 ng/mL, with 2/3 of the patients falling below the normal range; mean 25-OHD in the youth with psychotic disorders was 26.47 ng/mL (SD12.42). Another group of psychiatric inpatient Parisian adolescents (N = 136) were also found to be largely vitamin D-deficient (72.4%), with the mean 25-OHD value 15–16 ng/mL, lower in blacks and North Africans [15]. No differences in mean levels were found between those taking or not taking antipsychotics, indicating that antipsychotics may not lower vitamin D absorption.
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in our sample of acutely mentally ill adolescents is also greater than the high rates observed in U.S. community adolescent populations (34% vs. NHANES 9%)[3] and in Australian adult private psychiatric inpatients (vitamin D deficiency 11%, defined as <25 nmol/L, or 10 ng/mL) [16]. The latter study found a 29% difference between mean levels in patients vs. controls. Our higher prevalence rates of deficiency and insufficiency may be in part due to the latitude of Rochester, NY, 43.145 degrees N. Paris, France is 48.51 N, and Geelong, Australia 38.10 S. Except during summer months, skin makes negligible vitamin D from sunlight at latitudes above 37 degrees north or below 37 degrees south.
Potential causal mechanisms
Basic and preclinical animal studies provide clues as to how vitamin D may lower risk for psychosis, and how vitamin D deficiency may raise risk for psychosis and depression. These mechanisms include 25-OH vitamin D and calciferol, the renal metabolite of 25-OH D (1,25-OH D): 1) altering neurotrophic factors and monoamine levels [17, 18], resulting in vitamin D-related behavioral phenotypes similar to those for depression and psychosis [19], 2) facilitating oxidative stress responses [20], 3) changing multiple neuroendocrine transmitters [21, 23], and 4) regulating hormonal and serotonin pathway effects within the CNS [24, 25].
Race, ethnicity, dietary intake and sunlight exposure
Dietary intake and sunlight exposure as sources of vitamin D are influenced by race. The NHANES found poor dietary intake of vitamin D and lower exercise in older African American and female Hispanic adolescents. Although not fully comparable due to different methodologies, our mentally ill non-Caucasian population also demonstrates more vitamin D deficiency, and for Asians and biracial subjects a greater rate of psychosis, but not after adjusting for vitamin D level. Small clinical studies to date suggest potential for a causal link between low vitamin D and mood disorders [8–11, 16, 26], necessitating that randomized controlled trials in carefully defined populations of interest be performed to better characterize the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and risk for depression and psychosis.
Alternate hypotheses
In addition to the possibility that vitamin D deficiency contributes to vulnerability to psychosis, other nutritional factors may play a role: adolescents eating a diet low in dairy products may also consume less of other nutrient-rich foods, including those with essential fatty acids. Adverse omega-3:omega-6 fatty acid ratios and/or other dietary micronutrient deficiencies that are commonly associated with vitamin D deficiency such as vitamin B12 may also contribute to emergence of psychotic symptoms.
Implications for future research in psychiatry
Effects on mental illness
If a prospective association between psychotic features and vitamin D deficiency is confirmed, outstanding issues include: 1) how vitamin D affects monoamine function and the HPA axis and immune responses to stress and symptom production, 2) whether supplementation can be protective against incident depression or psychosis and their recurrence, and 3) whether supplementation improves symptoms in those with clinically diagnosed depression or psychosis, especially in populations with darker skin [26]. An open-label Swedish case-series suggests that depression is improved by vitamin D supplementation in adolescents [27]. Prevention studies in high-risk offspring would be highly novel. Thus, future studies could target both prevention of mental and comorbid physical illness, focusing on disparity and somatic treatment augmentation.
Importance to overall health in psychiatric populations
Normalizing vitamin D levels warrants study in those with severe mental illness to determine whether, and at what dose, vitamin D helps protect against metabolic side effects from psychopharmacologic treatment or reduces the development of comorbid physical illnesses such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Low vitamin D is associated with greater BMI, insulin resistance, and systolic blood pressure, lower HDL-C in obese adolescents and adults, and lower final height in young adult women [3, 28–31]. Vitamin D status may be especially important in those with serious mental illness as they develop poorer metabolic health at earlier ages. Optimal vitamin D levels also may protect against several different cancers (breast, colon, pancreas, and prostate), and autoimmune disorders (lupus, multiple sclerosis, and Type I diabetes) [32]. Molecular mechanisms of vitamin D that are protective against cancer include reducing cellular oxidative stress [33]. Vitamin D supplementation may thus represent a low-cost population-based intervention capable of reducing utilization of more intensive physical and mental health treatments; multiple trials are underway assessing impact on a variety of physical health conditions including osteoporosis, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk. A large scale epidemiologic RCT (the Vitamin D and omega¬3 Trial; VITAL) is examining whether supplementation prevents chronic diseases (http://www.vitalstudy.org).
Supplementation issues in adolescents
How should low vitamin D levels be corrected? Supplementation with over-the-counter or prescription vitamin D for those with low vitamin D is important, as natural dietary sources are few and include chiefly oily fish, irradiated mushrooms, egg yolks, and fortified milk, juices, cereal, and margarine (http://dietary¬supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp). Most adolescents, especially those who skip breakfast or are lactose intolerant, do not consume adequate amounts of these foods to maintain optimal vitamin D levels, and cannot meet their requirements through diet alone. Risk for developing vitamin D toxicity with supplements has been largely unsupported [34]; studies giving as much as 14,000 IU per week of D3 to adolescents over one year's time have shown no evidence of toxicity [35]. A serum level of more than 200 ng/ml 25-OHD may be necessary for symptoms of toxicity to occur. The Institute of Medicine in 2010 raised its daily intake recommendations based on evidence for skeletal growth and maintenance; the current recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is 600 IU per day for 1–70 years of age with an upper level intake of 4,000 IU per day [36]. The American Academy of Pediatrics had previously raised its recommended supplementation from 200 IU in 2003 to 400 IU per day in 2008 to prevent rickets in children and adolescents who do not obtain this goal through fortified foods [37]. Additional initial supplementation to return deficient individuals to normal may be indicated as dietary reference intake amounts recommended by the IOM may still be insufficient for bone health maintenance in many individuals [38]. The amount necessary to prevent breast and colon cancer, Type I diabetes, and multiple sclerosis has been speculated to be closer to 4,000-8,000 IU per day [32]. The amount appropriate for maintenance of best mental and physical health is therefore controversial, and is unknown in the chronically mentally ill, who may metabolize vitamin D more quickly due to added oxidative stress burden.
This work is limited by a small sample size, cross-sectional method, inpatient sampling bias, and lack of formal research measures for diagnosis and severity of illness, family psychiatric history, sun exposure, and intake of Vitamin D and other dietary nutrients. No adolescents, however, were taking vitamin D supplementation. A winter sampling bias is present, potentially contributing to low rates of D-deficiency, however, this does not rule out that seasonal effects in illness severity and admission rates related to greater vitamin D deficiency may occur. Analysis of ultraviolet radiation for latitudes 0 to 80 degrees N found that for March through October, sites from 18 degrees to 44 degrees N (the majority of the continental United States) had equal amounts of vitamin D producing ultraviolet light; November through February only demonstrated decreases in vitamin D producing ultraviolet light [39]. Additional limitations include that adolescents were not screened for osteomalacia; serum parathyroid hormone values were not routinely checked in those who were D-deficient; however, several performed clinically were within normal ranges. Many confidence intervals are wide; confirmation of these results awaits a large sample study and more rigorous design. Probing smaller enriched clinical samples may be useful in providing biologic signals of relevance in populations with depression, for example, using neurocognitive tasks. Descriptive differences in a clinical population compared with population norms may also provide direction for further investigation related to both interactive effects of mental illness and ancestry.
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in this descriptive sample of acutely mentally ill adolescents, especially in African-American and Asian teens, and appears related to psychotic symptoms. This work is the first to report an association between psychosis and vitamin D deficiency in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents [40] and confirms this association found previously in an adult population [13]. Our study also expands on similar deficiency findings from a Parisian inpatient adolescent cohort [15], providing clinical diagnoses of mood disorders in the great majority of inpatient teens with vitamin D deficiency, and further, finding lower risk for psychosis in the presence of antidepressant treatment. Both support the possibility that heightened vulnerability to psychotic features occurs in the substantial proportion of teens with mood disorders who are vitamin D deficient. Prospective trials of vitamin D supplementation are needed to address targeted mental health symptom domains as well as metabolic health variables in D-deficient severely mentally ill adolescents and adults, focusing on dose-finding and tolerability. Calls have been made for clinical monitoring in patients with psychiatric illness as well as randomized trials of vitamin D for depression [41, 42]. Clinical screening for vitamin D deficiency in severely mentally ill adolescents is justified by their high risk for both chronic mental illness and early onset of cardiometabolic comorbidities, especially as vitamin D deficiency at mid-life appears a strong independent predictor of all-cause mortality (odds ratios 2.64, 95% CI 1.901 to 3.662. p < 0.0001) [43]. A key clinical question raised by our work and supported by known safety data is whether psychiatrically hospitalized dark-complected adolescents, including African-Americans, Asians, and Muslim females in traditional covered dress, should be routinely supplemented with vitamin D until proven otherwise.
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The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/12/38/prepub
This work was supported by the Jeffrey Research Fellowship, Nationwide Children's Hospital/The Ohio State University, and the University of Rochester Clinical Translational Science Institute/Grant Number 1 KL2 RR024136-1 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of NCRR or NIH. Information on NCRR is available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/. Information on Re-engineering the Clinical Research Enterprise can be obtained from: http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/clinilcalresearch/overviewtranslational.asp
Center for Innovation in Pediatric Practice, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Barbara L Gracious
Clinical Research Coordinator, University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, 300 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
Teresa L Finucane, Susan Messing & Melissa N Parkhurst
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, Irwin Army Community Hospital Behavioral Health, 600 Caisson Hill Road, Fort Riley, KS, 66442, USA
Meriel Friedman-Campbell
Nationwide Children's Hospital 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
Senior Research Associate, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA
Susan Messing
Teresa L Finucane
Melissa N Parkhurst
Correspondence to Barbara L Gracious.
BLG conceptualized the study, designed the methodology and implementation, interpreted data, and wrote the report. TLF designed the data collection forms, performed the blinded chart review, and assisted in preparing background information. MCF and MP assisted in collecting data. SM provided statistical analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Gracious, B.L., Finucane, T.L., Friedman-Campbell, M. et al. Vitamin D deficiency and psychotic features in mentally ill adolescents: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 12, 38 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-38
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-38


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VENOM - Official Trailer 2 Changing Minds About Seeing It
The new trailer for Venom is probably the best looking version of the character to date. The voice and usage of "we" in what is seen here could be good enough to convince anyone on the fence about seeing the movie to give it a chance.
The reason fans might not be interested is because of director Ruben Fleischer's comments at the San Diego Comic-Con where he explained why the Spider-Man symbol does not appear on this version of Venom.
"If you look at the comics, in Venom, there is just elements of white within his suit. Because our character does not originate from Spider-Man, it makes no sense to put a spider on his chest. We tried to be as accurate as we possibly could, even though some people feel it's inaccurate, but there is a lot of white and we wanted to give him a distinctive pattern." -Ruben Fleischer
That may have been off-putting at first, but this trailer still makes for a very enticing film that has a villain as the main character.
Labels: comic books, Marvel comics, movies, Ruben Fleischer, Venom