LONDON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Adobe Summit EMEA, The Digital Marketing Conference—Adobe Systems Incorporated (Nasdaq: ADBE) today announced a powerful new predictive publishing capability for Adobe® Social, which predicts social engagement on individual pieces of content and automatically suggests ideal timing to improve how that content will perform. The initial version offers Facebook integration, and additional social platforms will be added later this year. Adobe Social, a key element of Adobe Marketing Cloud, enables marketers to scale social marketing across their organizations, listen and respond to customer conversations, and connect the dots between social interactions and business results.
Traditionally, social posts are composed without a measurable, data-driven connection to how they will be received, and many marketers release big news or compelling content through social channels only to find that it falls flat in terms of engagement. Social marketers are left wondering if they posted at the wrong time or if the wording somehow discouraged participation.
The new predictive publishing feature in Adobe Social helps social teams deliver content that will best resonate with their audience. The tool makes engagement predictions and timing recommendations using advanced sentiment analysis and predictive text mining algorithms based on historic data around engagement, post time, and sentiment. And because the solution learns as it goes, it continually refines recommendations and gets smarter with each action.
Marketing leaders cite 'increasing engagement' and 'proving social ROI' as two of the most important objectives of social marketing strategy. Adobe Social now provides insight into the projected performance of social content and recommendations to boost that performance, giving marketers a tool that allows them to improve content engagement, increase valuable customer interactions and conversions, and maximize the value of their social efforts.
"As a company with a significant global social presence, including more than 20 European markets, it's a daunting task to effectively manage our fans and followers across the various languages and countries. Adding a social predictive publishing capability to our Adobe Social workflow is a welcome feature that will make our jobs easier and save loads of time. More importantly it will help achieve our social engagement goals while maximizing the value of our social efforts," said Simon Nicholson, Social Media Manager, Honda Motor Europe Ltd.
The new predictive publishing capability in Adobe Social is currently in beta and is expected to be available this summer. The initial version offers Facebook integration; other social platforms will be added later this year.
Now there's a place that puts everything digital marketers need in one spot. It's called Adobe Marketing Cloud. It includes a complete set of analytics, social, advertising, targeting and web experience management solutions and a social-enabled UI that brings together everything marketers need to know about their campaigns. So marketers can get from data to insights to action, faster and smarter than ever. Visit www.marketing.adobe.com to learn more.
© 2013 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved. Adobe and the Adobe logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.


No matter the size of your business, accounting systems and processes are an important and necessary element of daily operations.
Business runs on flow of money in and out. This means keeping up with necessary documentation such as tax information, wages, cheques, credit card statements and other transactions. Each one of these has vital information necessary for accounting and record keeping. Details such as dates, receivable and payable accounts and total GST paid.
Using the right accounting system is vital. Proper systems and setups will help streamline the financial systems of your business and ultimately is vital in the overall business success.
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We are accountants, highly trained in the profession, and we live for the challenge of finding ways to help clients with their finances.
Finding the best accounting system – This means reviewing your business records individually. We find the best possible solution based on our findings that may include issues not previously discussed or discovered.
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Mountain Empire Community College is one of twenty three community colleges operating under the jurisdiction of the Virginia State Board for Community Colleges. The Virginia Community College System was founded in 1966 by the Virginia General Assembly under the leadership of Governor Mills E. Godwin Jr. Mountain Empire Community College was founded in 1970, and classes began in 1972 with six hundred students and thirty-six faculty members. Mountain Empire Community College serves the counties of Lee, Scott, Wise, Dickenson and the City of Norton.
The College operates under a mission statement approved by the Virginia Community College System. The rules and regulations for the Virginia Community College System are stated in the VCCS Policy Manual.
A copy of this manual is available in the offices of the President, the Vice President of Academic and Student Services, the Vice President of Financial and Administrative Services, Admission and records, Student Services, the MECC Wampler Library, the academic divisions of Arts & Sciences, Applied Sciences & Technologies, Business & Information Technology and Health Sciences, the offices of Community Relations and Human Resources. Additional information pertaining to the College may be found in the VCCS Policy Manual, the MECC College Catalog, the MECC Student Handbook, and the MECC Purchasing Manual.
Mountain Empire Community College has established principles and processes to earn the trust of its students, constituents, and the communities it serves. These principles and processes have been historically maintained through accreditation, transparency and ethical and non-discriminatory standards that are guided by its mission, vision and values.


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Corporate/Commercial Law
UK: Charity Commission Publishes New Guidance On Reporting Serious Incidents Involving A Charity's Partners
by Claire Harris and Chris Priestley
Withers LLP
In December the Charity Commission published new guidance on when to report a serious incident involving partners of a charity, available here.
The guidance explains that "Partner" includes the following: a delivery partner or sub-contractor of the charity; a subsidiary trading company of the charity; an organisation that receives funding from the charity; another charity or organisation that is linked to your charity, for example as part of a federated structure.
Trustees "should make a serious incident report when an incident has occurred involving one of the charity's partners in the UK or internationally, which materially affects the charity, its staff, operations, finances and/or reputation, such that it is serious enough to be reported". The guidance identifies three different categories under which an incident may need to be reported as a serious incident.
The guidance notes that the most high risk incidents are those that involve the charity's funds, brand, people or an activity that it funds or is responsible for, due to the close links between the charity and the incident, however, not all incidents of this kind will need to be reported. It depends how serious the incident is and how significant the impact is likely to be on the charity.
The starting point for trustees when considering whether to report an incident should be whether they would have reported the incident if it had happened in their own charity. If so, they should carefully consider whether to report partner incidents that fall into this category.
Incidents that do not involve the charity's funds, brand or people are less likely to need to be reported as the charity does not have a close connection, trustees should still consider whether to make a report in certain circumstances. These are:
1. If the incident is likely to cause reputational damage to the charity. Charities should be mindful that if its branding is the same as the partner, the public may not distinguish between the two organisations and there may be a significant impact on the reputation of the charity even if there is little or no impact on the charity's activities, finances or people.
2. If the incident raises material issues regarding due diligence. Are they a suitable partner to work with and do they remain capable of delivering the charity's work?
3. Would the incident be so serious as to trigger suspension or termination of the charity's agreement with the partner?
If the incident does not involve the charity's funds, brand or people, the guidance states that it would not normally trigger the requirement to report a serious incident. However the trustees should still consider whether there are areas for improvement or changes required to policy and procedure in relation to such incidents.
The categories above provide a starting point for trustees. Charities should not solely rely on this however, and should still undertake an assessment based on the specific circumstances of an incident when considering whether to make a serious incident report.
Chris Priestley
UK Corporate/Commercial Law Charities & Non-Profits
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Meanwhile, the 'good' news is that, since the formation of the Trust in 2000, 2,316 students have graduated from our programme. This sounds even more significant when you realise that their newfound qualification and skill has affected over 14,0000 adults and children living in the same households who have all benefitted directly from our Computers in Homes programmes. This has been very significant in closing the digital divide in our city.
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Boards/Commissions
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HomeDepartmentsClerkLicenses
Transfers or New Liquor Licenses are processed in the Clerk's Office and an application must be filed along with a $100.00 filing fee which is non-refundable.
For a New Class C license (for consumption on premises) there is a $750.00 fee
For a New Specially Designated Merchant (SDM) and/or Specially Designated Distributor (SDD) license the fee is $175.00.
Click on Liquor License Application and Confidential Information Form for a printable copy. Both forms must be turned in with the fee.
For a complete copy of the Liquor License Ordinance click on the link.
Rental Business License Information
All owners of Rental Housing are required to obtain a Rental Business License.
This includes the rental of residential units suitable for habitation with a separate entrance and exit that is rented by the owner to another and used as a home, residence, or sleeping place, including but not limited to a single family home, apartment, or condominium.
The fee is $10.00 annually and the license expires every January.
A renewal form is sent out each year the end of December.
Click on these links for printable forms of the Rental Business License Application, Helpful hints/information, a Crime Prevention Lease Addendum, and a Lease Disclosure.
If you would like a printable sample of a Lease Agreement click on the link.
For a complete copy of the Rental Housing Business License Ordinance click on the link.
A Business License must be obtained prior to operating a business in Saginaw Charter Township.
A guide is available for opening a business in Saginaw Township.
Click on the link for a printable copy of a Business License Application.
The Fire Department (Letter) has a chemical survey that must be filled out completely and turned in with the business license application and payment.
Click on Chemical Survey for a printable copy.
For a complete copy of the Business License Ordinance click on the link.
Home Occupation Business License Information
If you plan on opening a business out of your home there is a different application.
Click on Home Occupation Application for a printable copy of the two pages, which must be filled out completely and turned in with the $10.00 annual payment.
For a complete copy of the additional specific guidelines for Home Occupation Ordinance click on the link.
Marihuana Safety Compliance Facility Business License Application
Consistent with Township Ordinance #777 & Ordinance #779, one (1) Marihuana Safety Compliance Facility establishment may be allowed in the Township provided appropriate State, local and other jurisdictional approvals are obtained.
Anyone interested in applying for such a license should fires contact the Community Development Department at 989-791-9865 to determine if a license is avaliable (if the one license has not already been issued). If a license is available, a Marihuana Safety Compliance Facility Business License Application is required to be submitted either after a Special Use Permit Application is submitted or simultaneously with the Special Use Permit Application.
A Marihuana Safety Compliance Facility Business License Application, if granted after or in conjunction with Special Use Permit approval, must be requested annually with appropriate fees paid (required fees are listed on application). such facility is subject to re-inspection for compliance with Township and other jurisdictional requirements. Renewal approval is subject to compliance with Township and other jurisdictional requirements.
For interested applicants, please refer to Ordinances #777 & #779, and the Marihuana safety Compliance Facility Business License Application for specific requirements for approval and operation. Both the Marihuana Safety Compliance Facility Business License Application and the Special Use Permit Application, along with all required attachements and supporting documentation must be submitted to the Township Community Development Department for review. Questions can be directed to 989-791-9865.
Temporary Business License Information
A Temporary Business is described as anyone selling and/or delivering of goods, wares, merchandise, and/or service within the township but has no township business license.
The License may be issued for not less than seven (7) days or more than thirty (30) days within a calendar year per parcel of land.
A printable Application must be completed and turned in to the Clerk's Office at least 14 days prior to the event.
There are fees that must accompany the application:
- $50 - Temporary Business
- $100 - Bond for tent (refunded after event)
- $25 - Operational permit - if specific tents are used, please refer to our Fire Code Requirements for Tents below and click on the link for more info:
Note: Is tent larger than 400 sq. ft.?
If No - No permit is required
If Yes - Is tent smaller than 700 sq. ft., NO side walls, and 12' from buildings and other tents?
If Yes - No permit is required
If No - Permit is required
Note: There are only a few locations allowed to operate a Temporary Business in the Township.
For a complete copy of the Temporary Business Ordinance click on the link.
For a complete copy of the Temporary Outdoor Display Ordinance click on the link.
Going Out of Business License
It is a State Law (Regulation of Certain Sales - Act 39 of 1961), that any Business having a "Going Out of Business Sale" must obtain a license from the clerk in the township they wish to conduct the sale. MCL 442.212.
Click on the link for a printable copy of the Going Out of Business Application that must be completed and turned in to the Clerk's Office at least 13 days prior to the sale.
An Original Application maybe applied for 30 days and may be Renewed two (2) times each for 30 days
The fee for each 30-day period is $50.00
Pawnbroker, Secondhand Dealer & Precious Metal & Gem Dealer
An application must be filed with the Clerk's Office with a $50.00 fee for the above types of licenses.
Click on Application for a printable copy.
The licenses shall only be granted upon the certification of the police chief of Saginaw Charter Township.
For more information click on Pawnbroker/Secondhand/Precious Metal & Gem Dealers
For a complete copy of the Pawnbroker, Secondhand Dealer & Precious Metal & Gem Dealer Ordinance click on the link.
Carnival, Circus, or Outdoor Amusements
An application must be filed with the Clerk's Office for a Carnival, Circus, or Outdoor Amusement at least 22 days prior to operation.
Click on Application for a printable copy that must be completed and turned in to the Clerk's Office at least 14 days prior to the event.
- $50 - Temporary Business or $10 for Business License
- $250 - Operational Permit - if specific tents are used, please refer to our Fire Code Requirements for Tents below and click on the link for more info:
Note: Is the tent larger than 400 sq. ft.?
If Yes - Is tent smaller than 700 sq.ft., NO side walls, and 12' from buildings and other tents?
For a complete copy of the Carnival, Circus, or Outdoor Amusements Ordinance click on the link.
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Home Innovations Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy Combined with Optical Clearing…
Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy Combined with Optical Clearing Methods as a Novel Imaging Tool in Biomedical Research
Julia Bode,1,2 Thomas Krüwel,1,2 *Björn Tews1,2
1. Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
2. Schaller Research Group, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
The funding for this work was provided by the Chica and Heinz Schaller Foundation (JB, TK, BT). The human cochlea sample was provided by Prof M. Praetorius and M. Gestewitz, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
EMJ Innov. 2017;1[1]:67-74. DOI/10.33590/emjinnov/10312658. https://doi.org/10.33590/emjinnov/10312658.
Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), ultramicroscopy, biomedical research, optical clearing
In the past decade, imaging has advanced to become a crucial tool in fundamental and biomedical research and it has become increasingly important to be able to image whole organs with single cell resolution. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy, also called selective plane illumination microscopy or ultramicroscopy, provides a high resolution in transparent and intact whole organs. By the application of a thin light sheet, only a defined slice of the specimen is illuminated and the fluorescence signal is detected by an objective perpendicular to the specimen. By moving the specimen vertically through the laser, a z-stack is acquired which corresponds to an optical sectioning without physical disruption of the specimen. The data can further be reconstructed to a three-dimensional volume and analysed in its entire complexity in micrometre resolution.
This article reviews the prerequisites for successful light sheet fluorescence microscopy, in terms of tissue preparation and optical clearing, and highlights recent advances and applications in the context of basic and biomedical research, with special focus on the central nervous system of rodents.
INTRODUCTION TO LIGHT SHEET FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY AND ESTABLISHED IN VIVO TOOLS
In biomedical research, as well as during the preclinical development of novel drugs and treatment regimens, in vivo and ex vivo imaging techniques have advanced to become major research tools used to address many important questions. A high spatial resolution is needed to investigate morphological changes and interactions at the cellular level, especially in preclinical disease models of the central nervous system (CNS), such as brain tumours, Alzheimer's disease, or multiple sclerosis. Classical non-invasive in vivo imaging tools such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),1,2 positron emission tomography, or single-photon computed tomography (SPECT),3 provide a spatial resolution in the sub-millimetre to millimetre range in living specimens. Yet, this resolution is not high enough to study single cells involved in disease pathology. In vitro and post mortem ex vivo microscopy techniques such as confocal or two-photon microscopy, which can also be applied in vivo, achieve a resolution of a few micrometres but involve the deterioration of the investigated sample required to be cut into thin slices prior to the imaging procedures.4 In the case of in vivo two-photon microscopy, a method that involves laborious sample preparations, clear subcellular resolutions of living organisms can be achieved.
However, the penetration depth is limited to ~200 µm (in vivo) to 500 µm (ex vivo), restricting the volume of investigation to the surface of the organ.5,6 Furthermore, problems of confocal and two-photon microscopy for in vitro and in vivo imaging are photobleaching and phototoxicity; optical clearing of organs allows for deeper penetration depths and when investigating cleared organs using light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), photobleaching and phototoxicity are of no concern.
In the past decade, LSFM has evolved to become the new imaging method of choice in biomedical research as it overcomes the issues of poor spatial resolution and limited penetration depth combined with the retained integrity of the specimen.7 In LSFM, the sample is illuminated by a thin light sheet perpendicular to the direction of observation. Moving the sample through the light sheet results in a stack of two-dimensional images; this can be referred to as optical sectioning. Importantly, the laser only illuminates the tiny sheet of a given specimen presently in focus. Therefore, the surrounding areas cannot outshine the imaged area and out of focus regions do not cause stray light.8 For the illumination of larger organs, such as whole mouse brains, two opposite lasers are commonly used for imaging. By using two light sheets, the sample can be uniformly illuminated without loss of light that would cause insufficient illumination and loss of information. Observation of samples often takes place in a liquid or gas environment. In ultramicroscopy (UM), whole organs can be used, ranging from several millimetres to centimetres in size. For a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of an organ or tissue using UM, hundreds or thousands of single images are collected in one measurement and create a picture of the whole specimen.9
The fundamental technique of LSFM was originally developed under the designation of UM by Richard Adolf Zsigmondy and Henry Siedentopf a century ago; it was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1925.10 The constant development of LSFM from the 1960s up until today's powerful tool was comprehensively reviewed by Peter A. Santi.11 However, two major contributions were made by the groups of Ernst Stelzer,7 who invented the selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM),12 and Dodt et al.,13 who applied optical clearing of specimens, paving the way for present applications. Today, this advanced technique represents a powerful tool to image total organs, whole animals (e.g. mouse embryos) or tissues and investigate the volume of interest in 3D reconstruction which allows for optical sectioning.14,15 The technique can also be used for in vivo applications in transparent specimens like fruit fly embryos or zebrafish. Other applications for LSFM are live imaging of 3D cell cultures, e.g. cellular spheroids, epithelial sub-organs, or stem cell organoids.14,16,17 Figure 1 illustrates a schematic description of a commonly used UM setup, showing the bidirectional laser excitation of the sample. Different filter settings can be applied for the excitation of the sample (Figure 1A). In this particular example derived from LaVision BioTec`s UltraMicroscope II, six filters can be incorporated into the microscope in order to measure different fluorescent signals in parallel. The objective enters the cuvette and detects the emitted fluorescence perpendicular to the sample (Figures 1B and C). With this setting, strong fluorescence signals from specimens of interest, in this case mouse brains (Figure 1C), are clearly detectable.
Figure 1: A schematic description of a commonly used ultramicroscopy-setup showing the bidirectional laser excitation of the sample.
Different filter settings can be used for the excitation of the sample (A). The objective enters the cuvette and detects the emitted fluorescence perpendicular to the sample (B and C). With this setting, strong fluorescence signals from the specimen, in this case from the mouse brain (C), are clearly detectable.
Copyright LaVision BioTec GmbH, Bielefeld, Germany.
Here, we will focus on the application of LSFM in biomedical research with optically cleared specimens. A recently published article by Pan et al.18 shows a newly developed clearing method allowing for imaging of entire adult mouse bodies.
OPTICAL SAMPLE CLEARING METHODS FOR LIGHT SHEET FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY APPLICATIONS
Optical clearing was initially invented by Werner Spalteholz in 1914, who adjusted the refractive index of the surrounding medium to the proteins of the specimen and obtained a transparent sample from that which was previously opaque.19 By adjusting the refractive index of the sample to the imaging solution, scattering of the laser is minimised and the light can cross the specimen with very little diffraction. During the last decade, several optical clearing methods were developed and improved. Becker et al.8,20-24 invented a multi-purpose clearing protocol for Drosophila, mouse embryos, mouse brains, and isolated mouse brain hippocampi. Today, various clearing methods with significant differences based on the solvents applied are used for tissue preparation, amongst others: ScaleA2,25 3DISCO,26 iDISCO,27 uDISCO,18 ClearT2,28 SeeDB,29 CLARITY,30,31 CUBIC,32 and FluoClearBABB.33 The common denominator of the clearing methods mentioned is to preserve endogenous fluorescence of proteins such as green or yellow fluorescent protein (GFP or YFP), red fluorescent protein from Discosoma sp. (DsRed) or mCherry expressed in the cells and organs of interest. In general, optical clearing of tissue by organic solvents is applied to match the refractive index of a tissue sample to a surrounding solvent. The first step of clearing involves the dehydration of the tissue since water has a lower refractive index than cellular structures like proteins and lipids.26 Afterwards the dehydrated tissue is impregnated with an optical clearing agent of the same refractive index. The tissue turns transparent and its composition is firmer than before.
Imaging of solvent cleared organs in 3D (3DISCO) and its successor techniques, whole-mount immunostaining and volume imaging (iDISCO) and ultimate DISCO (uDISCO), are frequently used clearing techniques to image neuronal connections in the nervous system.18,26,27 In order to get better clearing results of myelinated tissues in the adult CNS, 3DISCO was invented. Screening for a new chemical lead to the development of a new clearing protocol using dibenzyl ether, with the protocol for optical clearing of a mouse brain taking only 4–5 days.26
iDISCO is a simple, rapid, scalable, and inexpensive method for volume-imaging of whole-mount immunolabelled deep tissue structures. Existing whole-mount immunolabelling methods were tested and modified to achieve the deepest tissue penetration possible. Nearly 30 antibodies were shown to work well in immunohistochemistry and iDISCO.34 Glycine and heparin treatment was identified as a good option to reduce immunolabelling background in whole mouse embryos, whole adult mouse brains, kidneys, and other organs.27 The newly published uDISCO protocol is an improvement of 3DISCO to circumvent the disadvantage of quenching of endogenously expressed fluorescence signals. uDISCO uses diphenyl ether, an organic solvent with a refractive index of 1.579 in order to clear samples. In addition, Vitamin E is used to scavenge peroxides and tert-butanol, a dehydrating reagent that is more stable than the tetrahydrofuran used before in 3DISCO.18
The DISCO protocols enable high resolution imaging of neuronal connections within entire organs and even within an entire mouse without physical sectioning. The protocols for clearing are straightforward and can be performed in a relatively short time span of several days, depending on the size and tissue composition of the specimen. Subsequent imaging of the cleared specimen can be executed within several minutes to hours, depending on the scan region and scan protocol. However, a major drawback of the 3DISCO clearing protocol is the rapid loss of fluorescence. Hence, cleared samples need to be immediately scanned within 24 hours post-clearing. Due to the loss of fluorescence of 3DISCO-cleared samples, multiple scans of a region of particular interest can be challenging.26
The very recently published uDISCO method enabled imaging of whole adult rodents by taking advantage of the solvent-dependent shrinkage of tissue. The application of organic solvents for clearing causes a shrinkage of up to 65% of the original volume of the sample, which allows for imaging of undissected cleared adult mouse bodies. Importantly, the shrinkage does not affect microscopic or macroscopic scales.18
Another recently published clearing method, especially suited for imaging of whole adult mouse brains, is FluoClearBABB. Samples are initially dehydrated with an ascending series of butanols and the protocol requires 6 days for whole mouse brains. Afterwards, this method applies a mixture of benzyl alcohol and benzyl benzoate (BABB), in combination with an adjusted basic pH, which allows for whole brain clearing while reducing the optical distortion to a minimum.33 The majority of fluorescence is preserved for years with almost no photobleaching, enabling multiple repeated scans of the cleared specimens.
The CLARITY protocol, developed by the group led by Karl Deisseroth, is very different to the previously described clearing protocols.30,31,35,36 The method is based on an incubation of the tissue in a hydrogel matrix combined with an electrophoretical removal of lipids, a procedure that renders the specimen transparent. The CLARITY protocol was already used for the clearing of whole rodent brains and spinal cords,37,38 parts of the human brain,39 several other non-CNS organs from rodents, and also for clearing of embryos.40 This protocol preserves the structure of the cells, along with nucleic acids and proteins, and enables the localisation of RNA within the 3D specimen. However, the CLARITY protocol is very laborious and requires significantly longer time frames of weeks to months for the clearing procedure.
Another solution suitable for the clearing of whole brains, combined with preserved fluorescence, is the clear, unobstructed brain imaging cocktail (CUBIC) that achieves transparency of brains by the use of aminoalcohols.32 The CUBIC protocol is especially useful if the imaging of multiple fluorophores is desired.
LIGHT SHEET FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY APPLICATIONS IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
Optical clearing can be applied to tissues or organs of any species, however, for imaging with LSFM the size of the specimen is restricted to several centimetres due to the design of the microscope. This limits its application mainly to mice and rats, if the investigation of whole organs is desired. A prerequisite for LSFM is the presence of fluorescence, either as protein or fluorophore, which labels the cell/region of interest. This can be done in various ways by the application of transgenic mice or xenografting of modified cells that express fluorescent proteins. Furthermore, the injection of fluorescently-labelled specific tracers, such as antibodies or proteins in general, ligands, or nanoparticles, is a frequently used method to visualise anatomical and subanatomical structures of interest, i.e. by the injection of fluorescently-labelled lectin that binds to endothelial cells to visualise the vasculature (Figure 2; Bode and Krüwel, unpublished data). Additional anatomical information can also be obtained by tissue-inherent autofluorescence. Figure 3 shows the utilisation of autofluorescence for LSFM imaging of a human cochlea. The sample was decalcified and cleared using FluoClearBABB. As already mentioned above, it is possible to stain dissected tissue post mortem with fluorescently-labelled antibodies to validate results.
Figure 2: The injection of fluorescently-labelled tracers to visualise anatomical and subanatomical structures.
A) A maximum intensity projection of the vasculature of a healthy brain after intraveneous injection of fluorescently labelled lectin (12 mg/kg body weight) in the tail vein of a mouse; B) a magnification of A;
C) a maximum intensity projection of the vasculature of a mouse brain with a 3-week-old human U87 glioblastoma; D) a magnification of the tumour.
(Bode and Krüwel, unpublished data).
Figure 3: A preparation of a human cochlea.
The cochlea was decalcified and cleared using FluoClearBABB. Autofluorescence of the cochlea was then imaged using LSFM.
LSFM: light sheet fluorescence microscopy.
The sample was provided by Prof Dr M. Praetorius and M. Gestewitz, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg,
Germany; sample preparation and imaging were performed by J. Bode and T. Krüwel.
LSFM is a versatile technique for medical research. In basic research, the high resolution on a single cell level, in combination with the fact that the imaged specimens are intact and undissected, enabled novel insights into neuronal and vascular development patterns. Hägerling et al.41 applied LSFM on whole-mount immunostained mid-gestation mouse embryos to shed light on the development of the lymphatic system by precisely describing the morphogenetic events during the separation of the lymphatic from the venous endothelium. Belle et al.42 used LSFM to study axonal connectivity in transgenic mouse embryos and analysed axon guidance defects in the development of the neuronal system. Other studies have applied LSFM to investigate axonal regeneration and interaction of axons and scar-forming cells,43 or assessed the regeneration of optic nerves after injury, combined with the analysis of axonal trajectories.44 A very recent study described a workflow for the rapid acquisition of brain activity at cellular resolution by profiling immediate early gene expression, which highlighted the use of LSFM as a powerful platform for developmental biology.45 Additionally, LSFM was applied using a quantitative hydrogel-based technology to correlate activity in cells reporting on behavioural experience with measures for brain-wide wiring and regarding molecular phenotype.46 Stefaniuk et al.47 created a novel transgenic rat harbouring fluorescent reporter GFP expression under control of a neuronal gene promoter. This study is the first reference to a cleared rat brain, which exceeds the size of a mouse brain by far. The authors stated that FluoClearBABB clearing was found superior over passive CLARITY and CUBIC methods.
Besides these applications in developmental and behavioural biology, LSFM was extensively utilised for the investigation of diseases, especially those of the CNS, such as Alzheimer's disease or brain tumours.48 In the case of Alzheimer's disease, LSFM was used to assess the formation of amyloid plaques in whole mouse brains and in a part of the human brain.49 Surprisingly, the authors reported a higher complexity of the plaques of the human compared to the mouse brain. In translational biomedical research, LSFM helped to solve many different questions. Our group recently used LSFM to investigate the tropism and efficiency of adeno-associated viruses as transport vehicles for gene therapy of neuronal diseases.48 The use of undissected adult mouse brains allowed for a rapid 3D analysis of the viral transduction pattern of neuronal cells deep inside the brain. The high resolution of the microscope enabled the detection of single cells expressing the fluorescent proteins transduced by the viruses and proved the usability of this microscopic setup for higher throughput analysis. In glioblastoma, our group has investigated the role and modification of the vasculature during tumour progression and the effects of antiangiogenic treatments.50 Dobosz et al.9 and Weber et al.51 assessed the penetration of therapeutic antibodies in subcutaneous tumours and glioblastoma xenografts by LSFM.
THE EVOLUTION OF LIGHT SHEET FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY TO BECOME A POWERFUL TOOL IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
A limitation of the method is the fact that only optically cleared tissue can be used for imaging and, thus, in non-transparent model systems, only ex vivo imaging is possible. By solely applying LSFM, dynamic monitoring of disease progression is laborious and involves a high number of animals. Therefore, our group and others combined LSFM with classical lower resolution in vivo imaging modalities, such as MRI and CT, to overcome this problem.50,52 By applying functional MRI (fMRI), the progression of glioblastoma models could be spatiotemporally monitored and the obtained data were registered to the high-resolution post mortem LSFM data.
An issue that needs to be solved in the future is the handling of the huge amount of data output obtained; one image is often >10 MB. Hence, full 3D image stacks easily exceed sizes of 10 GB. Therefore, better compression of these high-resolution images is desperately needed.
In this review, we presented LSFM as a novel and powerful imaging tool for basic and biomedical research and provided an overview of recent applications and requirements for imaging. If the interaction of single cells is the focus of research, LSFM is superior to all other microscopy techniques in terms of acquisition speed, imaging depth, sample size, photobleaching, and phototoxicity. The possibility to acquire a complete stack of images of an organ of interest without physical fragmentation will improve and accelerate biomedical research within the next few years.
Kallenberg K et al. Abnormalities in the normal appearing white matter of the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to a malignant brain tumor detected by diffusion tensor imaging. Folia Neuropathol. 2014;52(3):226-33. Watanabe T et al. In Vivo Brain MR Imaging at Subnanoliter Resolution: Contrast and Histology. Magn Reson Med Sci. 2016;15(1):11-25. Krϋwel T et al. In vivo detection of small tumour lesions by multi-pinhole SPECT applying a (99m) Tc-labelled nanobody targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Sci Rep. 2016;6:21834. Krasieva TB et al. Cell and brain tissue imaging of the flavonoid fisetin using label-free two-photon microscopy. Neurochem Int. 2015;89:243-8. Osswald M et al. Brain tumour cells interconnect to a functional and resistant network. Nature. 2015;528(7580):93-8. Breckwoldt MO et al. Correlated magnetic resonance imaging and ultramicroscopy (MR-UM) is a tool kit to assess the dynamics of glioma angiogenesis. Elife. 2016;5:e11712. Stelzer EH. Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy for quantitative biology. Nat Methods. 2015;12(1):23-6. Becker K et al. Ultramicroscopy: light-sheet-based microscopy for imaging centimeter-sized objects with micrometer resolution. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2013;2013(8):704-13. Dobosz M et al. Multispectral fluorescence ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization and automatic quantification of tumor morphology, drug penetration, and antiangiogenic treatment response. Neoplasia 2014;16(1):1-13. Siedentopf H et al. Visualization and size measurement of ultramicroscopic particles, with special application to gold-colored ruby glass. Ann Phys. 1903;10:1-39. Santi PA. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy: a review. J Histochem Cytochem. 2011;59(2):129-38. Huisken J et al. Optical sectioning deep inside live embryos by selective plane illumination microscopy. Science. 2004;305(5686):1007-9. Dodt HU et al. Ultramicroscopy: threedimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain. Nat Methods. 2007;4(4):331-6. Pampaloni F et al. Light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) for the quantitative imaging of cells and tissues. Cell Tissue Res. 2015;360(1):129-41. Swoger J et al. Light-sheet-based fluorescence microscopy for three-dimensional imaging of biological samples. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2014; 2014(1):1-8. Pampaloni F et al. High-resolution deep imaging of live cellular spheroids with lightsheet-based fluorescence microscopy. Cell Tissue Res. 2013;352(1):161-77. Pampaloni F et al. Live spheroid formation recorded with light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy. Methods Mol Biol. 2015;1251:43-57. Pan C et al. Shrinkage-mediated imaging of entire organs and organisms using uDISCO. Nat Methods. 2016;13(10):859-67. Spalteholz W, Über das Durchsichtigmachen von menschlichen und tierischen Präparaten und seine theoretischen Bedingungen, nebst Anhang: Über Knochenfärbung (1914) 2nd edition, Germany: Leipzig, S. Hierzel, Leipzig. Becker K et al. Reduction of photo bleaching and long term archiving of chemically cleared GFP-expressing mouse brains. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e114149. Becker K et al. Dehydration and clearing of adult Drosophila for ultramicroscopy. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2013;2013(7):681-2. Becker K et al. Dehydration and clearing of whole mouse brains and dissected hippocampi for ultramicroscopy. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2013;2013(7):683-4. Becker K et al. Immunostaining, dehydration, and clearing of mouse embryos for ultramicroscopy. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2013;2013(8):743-4. Becker K et al. Chemical clearing and dehydration of GFP expressing mouse brains. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33916. Hama H et al. Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain. Nat Neurosci. 2011;14(11):1481-8. Ertürk A et al. Three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs using 3DISCO. Nat Protoc. 2012;7(11):1983-95. Renier N et al. iDISCO: a simple, rapid method to immunolabel large tissue samples for volume imaging. Cell. 2014;159(4):896-910. Kuwajima T et al. ClearT: a detergent-and solvent-free clearing method for neuronal and non-neuronal tissue. Development. 2013;140(6):1364-8. Ke MT et al. SeeDB: a simple and morphology-preserving optical clearing agent for neuronal circuit reconstruction. Nat Neurosci. 2013;16(8):1154-61. Chung K & Deisseroth K. CLARITY for mapping the nervous system. Nat Methods. 2013;10(6):508-13. Tomer R et al. Advanced CLARITY for rapid and high-resolution imaging of intact tissues. Nat Protoc. 2014;9(7):1682-97. Susaki EA et al. Advanced CUBIC protocols for whole-brain and whole-body clearing and imaging. Nat Protoc. 2015;10(11):1709-27. Schwarz MK et al. Fluorescent-protein stabilization and high-resolution imaging of cleared, intact mouse brains. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0124650. iDISCO method: Resources for whole-mount immunostaining and volume imaging. Validated Antibodies. Available at: https://idisco.info/ validated-antibodies/. Last accessed: 29 November 2016. Kim SY et al. Light microscopy mapping of connections in the intact brain. Trends Cogn Sci. 2013;17(12):596-9. Epp JR et al. Optimization of CLARITY for Clearing Whole-Brain and Other Intact Organs(1,2,3). eNeuro. 2015;2(3):pii:ENEU RO.0022-15.2015. Hsiang HL et al. Manipulating a "cocaine engram" in mice. J Neurosci. 2014;34(42):14115-27. Spence RD. Bringing CLARITY to gray matter atrophy. Neuroimage. 2014;101:625-32. Ando K et al. Inside Alzheimer brain with CLARITY: senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and axons in 3-D. Acta Neuropathol. 2014;128(3):457-9. Zhang MD et al. Neuronal calcium-binding proteins 1/2 localize to dorsal root ganglia and excitatory spinal neurons and are regulated by nerve injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(12):E1149-58. Hägerling R et al. A novel multistep mechanism for initial lymphangiogenesis in mouse embryos based on ultramicroscopy. EMBO J. 2013;32(5):629-44. Belle M et al. A simple method for 3D analysis of immunolabeled axonal tracts in a transparent nervous system. Cell Rep. 2014;9(4):1191-201. Soderblom C et al. 3D Imaging of Axons in Transparent Spinal Cords from Rodents and Nonhuman Primates. eNeuro. 2015;2(2). Luo X et al. Three-dimensional evaluation of retinal ganglion cell axon regeneration and pathfinding in whole mouse tissue after injury. Exp Neurol. 2013;247:653-62. Renier N et al. Mapping of Brain Activity by Automated Volume Analysis of Immediate Early Genes. Cell. 2016;165(7):1789-802. Ye L et al. Wiring and Molecular Features of Prefrontal Ensembles Representing Distinct Experiences. Cell. 2016;165(7):1776-88. Stefaniuk M et al. Light-sheet microscopy imaging of a whole cleared rat brain with Thy1-GFP transgene. Sci Rep. 2016;6:28209. Alve S et al. Ultramicroscopy as a novel tool to unravel the tropism of AAV gene therapy vectors in the brain. Sci Rep. 2016;6:28272. Liebmann T et al. Three-Dimensional Study of Alzheimer's Disease Hallmarks Using the iDISCO Clearing Method. Cell Rep. 2016;16(4):1138-52. Breckwoldt MO et al. Correlated magnetic resonance imaging and ultramicroscopy (MR-UM) is a tool kit to assess the dynamics of glioma angiogenesis. Elife. 2016;5:e11712. Weber TG et al. Apoptosis imaging for monitoring DR5 antibody accumulation and pharmacodynamics in brain tumors noninvasively. Cancer Res. 2014;74(7):1913-23. Pöschinger T et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography correlates with 3-dimensional fluorescence ultramicroscopy in antiangiogenic therapy of breast cancer xenografts. Invest Radiol. 2014;49(7):445-56.
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text:
Residents start petition to stop proposed sewage treatment sites
A petition has been circulating to stop a plant from being constructed at Victoria's beloved Clover Point.
Pamela Roth
Mar. 24, 2016 9:00 a.m.
Disappointed. That's how Brian Lepine feels whenever he thinks about the possibility of a sewage treatment plant being constructed at Victoria's beloved Clover Point.
He's not alone. The Fairfield resident is among a large group of citizens in the midst of a letter-writing and petition campaign to stop a plant from being constructed at the site. Lepine always knew Clover Point would play some part in the ongoing sewage saga since it already has a small pump station underground. But he never thought the site could be ripped up again to potentially host a much larger facility, causing significant disruptions to the community.
"Council argues it's going to be turned back to a park, but that will be three years and in the meantime you are going to fracture this community and that really bothers me," said Lepine, adding hundreds of people in the community are against the proposal.
"I've heard the (Esquimalt) mayor planting her feet and saying this is not going to happen (at McLoughlin Point)…We don't have that (in Victoria) for some reason."
Earlier this month, the Capital Regional District (CRD) approved a two-plant tertiary treatment system with facilities at Clover Point in Victoria and McLoughlin or Macaulay points in Esquimalt. The cost is more than $1 billion.
According to CRD staff, a sewage treatment plant at Clover Point would be constructed underground so it's out of sight from the public like the pump station currently there. Construction, however, would likely take a couple years to complete.
The CRD's plan has been submitted to Victoria and Esquimalt council for discussion. Victoria has since requested a meeting between the CRD and Fairfield/Gonzales Community Association land-use committee (CALUC). The CRD will make a presentation to Esquimalt council on April 11.
Esquimalt's Mayor Barb Desjardins is in favour of the two-site approach and hearing what the private sector has to say. But other township residents aren't so keen.
A few neighbourhood associations near McLoughlin Point are encouraging citizens to write their local politicians, citing a drop in property values and odor problems should a plant be constructed at the site.
The Victoria Sewage Treatment Alliance has been leaving pamphlets on Esquimalt citizen's doorsteps, stating nothing better than McLoughlin Point has been proposed during extensive public consultation during the last nine years. It further claims that taxpayers will be spending an extra $264 million if two plants are built instead of one.
For Victoria Mayor Lisa helps, concerns like odor and property values are part of the common myths associated with sewage treatment plants.
"I think the biggest myth is that it's going to be ugly, it's going to be stinky with trucks coming and going…It won't stink because the technology has changed from the first systems that were built," said Helps, noting one of the items in the project charter is that a sewage treatment facility will integrate seamlessly into neighbourhoods.
"There will be disruption during construction, but there are wastewater treatment facilities in other residential neighbourhoods, underneath residential neighbourhoods and right in downtowns, so I would encourage people to be curious and interested as to what wastewater facilities can be in the 21st century."
If a plant is going to be built in Victoria, Helps wants residents to have input and co- design what that facility could look like. She doesn't believe it's about convincing the public to get on board, but rather inviting citizens to participate in the process.
City wants more sidewalk cafes downtown
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text:
Xtra (Eigenschreibweise: XTRA) war eine zwischen Oktober 2014 und März 2015 erscheinende Tageszeitung der Unternehmensgruppe M. DuMont Schauberg, die noch bis Juli 2015  als Wochenbeilage weitergeführt und dann eingestellt wurde. Sie richtete sich an junge Menschen und wurde während ihrer Erscheinungsdauer kostenlos verteilt.

Die erste Ausgabe der Zeitung erschien am 23. Oktober 2014 in einer Auflage von 40.000 Exemplaren. Mit einem Preis von 0,50 € ausgezeichnet und zunächst auch am Kiosk erhältlich, wurde sie von Anfang an kostenlos verteilt und in Zeitungskästen im Stadtgebiet ausgelegt. Die Zielgruppe waren junge Menschen zwischen 19 und 39 Jahren. Das durchschnittlich 28 Seiten starke Blatt erschien montags bis freitags um 15.30 Uhr. Es wurde von einer Redaktion zunächst unter Leitung von Christian Lorenz, später Corinna Kuhs mit Volontären und freien Mitarbeitern, angeschlossen an die Redaktion der Zeitung Express, erstellt.

Der vom Verlag als Projekt mit begleitender Marktforschung deklarierte Start der neuen Zeitung sollte die Zielgruppe mit Themen wie Mobilität, Sport, Digitales und Freizeit erreichen und für gedruckte Zeitungen begeistern. Die Umsetzung wurde von der Fachwelt eher kritisch begleitet, so bemerkte Marvin Schade von meedia.de: "Es ist schwer vorstellbar, dass die Jugend zu den bunten Zeitungskästen läuft, statt in der Hosentasche nach dem Smartphone zu greifen".

In der Tat führte die Resonanz auf das Blatt im März 2015 zu einer Reduzierung des Vertriebs auf ein Wochenblatt-Format als Beilage. Auch diese wurde im Juli 2015 eingestellt, woraufhin XTRA als "mobile Event-Plattform sowie als App" weiterleben sollte. Dieses Onlineangebot wurde zum Jahresende 2015 ebenfalls eingestellt, einzelne Elemente von XTRA sollten noch in die Zeitung Express übernommen werden. Zuletzt attestierte Georg Altrogge auf meedia.de dem Verlag ein "gescheitertes Experiment", dem der "Zugang zu einer fremd gewordenen Zielgruppe und damit zur Zukunft" versagt blieb.

Einzelnachweise

Deutschsprachige Tageszeitung
Zeitung (Köln)
Ersterscheinung 2014
DuMont Mediengruppe
Erscheinen eingestellt 2015

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The City of the Child Jesus is Catholic orphanage serving 3,000 orphans in Bolivia and Peru. All donations are given to the orphanage, and none are spent on administrative costs.
This page was last modified on 1 April 2010, at 16:48.


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The Dark Side of Due Process: Part III, How to Use Irreverent Double-Talk to Speak Back to Bad Men
Joshua J. Schroeder, SchroederLawFollow
Most American lawyers take for granted that the common law established almost all the ordinary causes of action we know today. As Joseph Story's Commentaries acknowledged, the common law is the basis of the entire U.S. system of law. Common law struggled with feudal and canon forms and eventually transformed them for the benefit of ordinary people even in the face of the most heinous travesties of the English and American past.
The Witch Judges of Salem, Massachusetts and the Parliament of Saints in England did not prevail through despotic radicalism to demolish the common law through codification. Legal positivism always seemed to spatter large amounts of human blood across the countries that adopted it. There is no rational reason for the people of the United States to re-adopt legal positivism to administer rigid formalities that the common law exists to relieve.
Due process under the common law is not confusing. It is simply due process under the written law according to the common sense rules for statutory construction that are confirmed by the test of time. But the common law requires that when rights are taken away, it is not done in secret, by a dependent political body, or without a jury trial. According to common law if a positive law fails to mention the requirements of due process, a legitimate court may imply them into the law.
The founders gave us many clues and shortcuts to apply the common law, including numerous references to it in the Bill of Rights and United States Constitution. These short cuts are so easy for Americans, that even our brightest jurists take them for granted and often forget their origin. These jurists are prone to follow the legal realism and positivism of Justice Scalia in the project of rejecting the very common law that brought our courts into being.
The Mathews framework for due process especially appeals to these jurists. But as this Article shows, where Mathews is taken to its final end, it will consume itself and potentially destroy the very shortcuts to the common law that made its ruling possible. Perhaps it will take losing these common law shortcuts through Mathews' self-destruction for American jurists to realize what is actually at stake in our debates over what process is due.
One of the most ironic and absurd characteristics of legal positivists from Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. to Justice Antonin Scalia, is that they never quite figured out how to quit the common law. Every so often they unwittingly embraced a common law rule despite themselves. This fact emphasizes the holes in legal positivist theory, including that it cannot work but as a parasite upon the common law, because the common law is a complete fabric of law.
The common law always seemed to find the cracks in feudal and canon laws to replant itself like a rose growing from concrete, even if by sheer human imagination. Let us, therefore, not despair. Rather, let us water the cracks in the concrete and scatter seeds in unlikely places as well, because something new may be formulating in the darkness below, preparing to break into the light, to give new life to the law in America.
Brent. A. Bauer
Joshua J. Schroeder, The Dark Side of Due Process: Part III, How to Use Irreverent Double-Talk to Speak Back to Bad Men, 53 St. Mary's L.J. 929 (2022).
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It's that time of the year again! The MLS Rivalry game took place last weekend and I was able to do the images for Audi USA and Audi Canada to promote the game across their social channels. We spent a few hours on top an empty parking deck overlooking the city the game was played in, Toronto. Check the full post to see a few BTS shots during our cold night shoot in Toronto!


UNESCHAF, May Your Dream Come True.
Global leaders from the US, Europe, Africa and Asia joined together today to debate and define a roadmap that will help break down barriers and overturn outmoded attitudes in a bid get more girls into technology-related studies and careers.
A high-level dialogue held at New York's Institute of International Education and hosted by the International Telecommunication Union, the UN-specialized agency for information and communication technology, identified misguided school-age career counselling, the popular media's 'geek' image of the technology field, a dearth of inspirational female role models, and a lack of supportive frameworks in the home and workplace as factors that, together, tend to dissuade talented girls from pursuing a tech career.
The debate brought together leading international figures and champions of gender empowerment including Melanne Verveer, United States Ambassador-at-Large for Global Women's Issues; Lakshmi Puri, Deputy Executive Director, UN Women; Mignon Clyburn, Commissioner with the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Neelie Kroes, Vice President of the European Commission and Commissioner for the Digital Agenda; and Jasna Matić, State Secretary for Digital Agenda in Serbia.
It also featured lively discussion from industry leaders including Alethea Lodge-Clarke, Programme Manager of Public Private Partnerships for Microsoft; Monique Morrow, CTO Asia Pacific with Cisco Systems; Juliana Rotich, Ushahidi's pioneering Executive Director; and Sarah Wynn-Williams, Manager of Global Public Policy for Facebook.
Inspired by the tremendous dedication of NGOs, universities, government agencies, industry and others around the world in organizing Girls in ICT Day events today, participants sketched our a basic blueprint for more successful approaches to attracting school-age girls to the fast-evolving technology field, and agreed to work together to change attitudes and boost female tech enrolment rates.
"I use technology in all aspects of my life . . . I was just one year old when I first began to explore the use of technology with our old computer. I figured out how to use it by simply moving my 'hand' and chin at a faster speed. Today I can type 36 words a minute and for someone with no limbs, I think that's an incredible achievement," she said.
ITU's Dr Touré closed the event with a call for partners to collaborate with ITU on a three-year 'Tech Needs Girls' campaign focused around four 'Es': empowerment, equality, education and employment. "This is a tremendous opportunity for us all, working together as partners, to make a real difference," he said.
'Girls in ICT Day' is a new annual event on the UN calendar, and is celebrated every year on the fourth Thursday in April. It was established through a formal Resolution at ITU's four-yearly Plenipotentiary Conference in 2010.
This year, in addition to the New York high-level debate, over 100 Girls in ICT Day events in were held in more than 70 countries worldwide. These events extended invitations to teenage girls and university students to spend the day at the offices of ICT companies, government agencies or academic institutions and to meet with female role models working in the technology field, in order to give them a better appreciation of the many exciting opportunities available in the ICT sector.
ITU and its partner WITNET provided support to Girls in ICT Day event organizers worldwide, sharing flyers, banners, event organization toolkits, and helping organizers with sponsorship ideas and coordination with other partners.
ITU Member States in Latin America, the Caribbean, Africa and Europe all made a strong case for the creation of an empowering environment that encourages girls and young women to consider a tech career. Civil society organizations, academia and committed individuals also proved invaluable partners in the celebration of these events, often working with very little funding in their efforts to raise awareness among communities, teachers and career advisers of the excellent job prospects in the ICT sector. "Special mention should go to Cisco, a long time partner of ITU, which today organized more than 40 different events globally – and I know that many other tech companies have also been very active in promoting events and celebrations," said Dr Touré.
More Details: ITU Girls in ICT Portal.
Rotich, Executive Director, Ushahidi,Paul Conneally,Chef Communications et promotion des partenariats, Union internationale des telecommunications, Monique Morrow, CTO Asia pacific & Distinguished Consulting Engineer, Cisco Systems, Aletha Lodge-Clarke, Programme Manager,Public Private Partnerships, Microsoft.


1. Students count from 1 up to 100, but instead of saying, for example, numbers that contain "4" in them, they say, "BUMP".
Ex.: One, two, three, bump, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, bump, etc.
2. In addition to the previous task, students can also say "BUMP" instead of numbers that can be divided by "4".
3. Student who manages to count to the biggest number wins.Students can avoid saying numbers 2, 3, 5 and the numbers that can be divided by them.
In addition to the previous task, students can also say "BUMP" instead of numbers that can be divided by "4".
Student who manages to count to the biggest number wins.
Students can avoid saying numbers 2, 3, 5 and the numbers that can be divided by them.
Ex.: One, __, __, four, __, __, seven, __, __, __, eleven, etc.
For more advanced students the teacher can suggest saying "BUMP" instead of a number containing, for example, "2", and "HOLE" instead of one containing, for example, "5".
Ex.: One, bump, three, four, hole, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, bump, thirteen, fourteen, hole, etc.


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A.	At the earliest stage of the Article 10 process, applicants are required to prepare and begin implementing a Public Involvement Program. In addition, to ensure that the public and interested parties are fully assisted and advised in participating in the Article 10 process, an Office of Public Information Coordinator has been created within the New York State Department of Public Service.
A.	The information that must be included falls into two major categories. The first category is a description of the proposed facility and its environmental setting. Among other things, the information provided must include the description of potential environmental and health impacts resulting from the construction and operation of the proposed facility; measures proposed to minimize environmental impacts; reasonable alternatives to the facility; and the identification of all other state and federal permits, certifications, or other authorizations needed for construction, operation or maintenance of the proposed facility. The second category is a description of the proposed studies or program of studies designed to evaluate potential environmental and health impacts that the applicant intends to include in its application for an Article 10 certificate. The description of the studies must include the extent and quality of information needed for the application to adequately address and evaluate each potentially significant adverse environmental and health impact, including existing and new information where required, and the methodologies and procedures for obtaining the new information. The preliminary scoping statement must also include an identification of any other material issues raised by the public and affected agencies during any consultation and the response of the applicant to those issues.
A.	The presiding examiner will award funds on an equitable basis to participants during the pre-application phase to be used to make an effective contribution to review of the preliminary scoping statement, and thereby provide early and effective public involvement.
A.	"Stipulations" are agreements among parties that concern matters before the Siting Board and are designed to simplify or shorten litigation and save costs. Any parties to the proceeding can enter into a stipulation setting forth an agreement on any aspect of the preliminary scoping statement and the scope of studies or program of studies to be conducted. It is often in the interests of applicants and other parties to agree in advance to the content and methodology for conducting studies that will be submitted as part of the application.
A.	If the documents submitted are sufficient to comply with the requirements of the law, regulations and stipulations, the Chairperson of the Siting Board will issue a letter to the applicant advising that the documents submitted constitute a complying application. The Chairperson will also fix the date for the commencement of a public hearing and the Department of Environmental Conservation will initiate its review pursuant to federally delegated or approved environmental permitting authority or air and water permit applications. Within a reasonable time, the presiding examiner will hold a prehearing conference to expedite the orderly conduct and completion of the hearing, to specify the issues, to obtain stipulations as to matters not disputed, and to deal with other matters deemed appropriate. The presiding examiner will then issue an order identifying the issues to be addressed by the parties. Later in the proceeding there may also be a consideration of additional issues which warrant consideration in order to develop an adequate record.
A.	A notice of intent to be a party must be filed with the Secretary to the Siting Board.
A.	The Siting Board must consider: (a) the state of available technology; (b) the nature and economics of reasonable alternatives; (c) environmental impacts found pursuant to subdivision two of this section; (d) the impact of construction and operation of related facilities, such as electric lines, gas lines, water supply lines, waste water or other sewage treatment facilities, communications and relay facilities, access roads, rail facilities, or steam lines; (e) the consistency of the construction and operation of the facility with the energy policies and long-range energy planning objectives and strategies contained in the most recent state energy plan; (f) the impact on community character and whether the facility would affect communities that are disproportionately impacted by cumulative levels of pollutants; and (g) such additional social, economic, visual or other aesthetic, environmental and other considerations deemed pertinent by the Siting Board.


Riverside city is located in New Jersey State, Burlington County and has a unique zip code assigned by the US Postal Service Office.
Riverside Area Code is 856 and Time Zone is Eastern (GMT -05:00).
The US ZIP Code basic format consists of five decimal numerical digits assigned to the Riverside City. An extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in the 1980s, includes the five digits of the Riverside ZIP code, a hyphen, and four more digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP code in Riverside, New Jersey.
The Riverside Zip Code is 08075.
If you want to send a mail to Riverside City, you should use the 08075 Zip Code.
In 1983, the U.S. Postal Service introduced an expanded Riverside ZIP code system that it called ZIP+4, often called "plus-four codes", "add-on codes", or "add ons". A ZIP+4 code uses the basic 08075 Zip code plus four additional digits to identify a geographic segment within the five-digit delivery area, such as a Riverside city block, a group of apartments, an individual high-volume receiver of mail or any other unit that could use an extra identifier to aid in efficient mail sorting and delivery in New Jersey.
The Riverside Zip Code in New Jersey is 08075.
What is the zip code for Riverside NJ?


In the late 1980s, Mazda diversified in the Japan market with the launch of three new marques. The company created Eunos, Autozam, and Efini, in addition to the Mazda and Ford brands already marketed there. This experiment was ended in the mid-1990s.
The Eunos marque, which was the luxury, upscale brand compared to Autozam and Efini, was named for the ancient Greek "eu" meaning "good" and "nos", an abbreviation of "numbers" in English. The Marque was launched in Japan with the Eunos 500 in January, 1992 and many of the vehicles created were exported to other markets.


MIND Research Institute is a neuroscience and education research based non-profit organization operating in America and revolutionizing the techniques of learning math's. MIND offer a science based tool that facilitates teaching and learning of math's with the help of visual Instructional software without making use of any language. The program features the use of innovative instructional software, professional development and textbooks. One of its kind, this unique learning process engages the learners spatial temporal reasoning abilities in order to understand, analyze and solve multi-step mathematical problems. This method has been developed after exhaustive research in learning habits of humans and other such interdisciplinary behaviors and attitude studies.
These techniques have made learning math not only effective but also a fun activity.
The various techniques that are being used aims at simplifying the process of learning algebra and creating a generation using scalable and sustainable tools that has proficiency in maths.
On the basis of research over the years a pattern has been noticed: schools implementing 50% or more of the program have fewer students performing low, and the students performing well as outstandingly high in levels. MIND's interactive mathematics software, textbooks and overall visual approach has made learning math a kids play. It has demonstrated the efficacy in classrooms of many of the key findings released by the National Mathematics Advisory Panel.
The highly interactive algebra learning software is the most evident and highly buzzed advancements towards interactive math's learning techniques. It uses visual interactive techniques to make leaning math a self-involving activity.


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Bear caught after run in Claremont
When Leslie Carr, a resident in the 100 block of Lynoak Drive, took her dogs Captain Butler and Ruby for a walk early Wednesday morning, she shrugged off their agitated behavior as a result of a passing squirrel or other common annoyance. Ms. Carr wasn't expecting to find the actual source of her dog's unusual behavior to be a bear.
A 145-pound California Black Bear made its way through Ms. Carr's neighborhood Wednesday afternoon, sending police officers and wardens of California's Department of Fish and Game on a game of chase before finally being caught within the North Towne Park Circle Condominiums near Foothill Boulevard. The bear, unharmed in the process, will be released back into the Angeles National Forest, according to officials of the Department of Fish and Game.
Claremont and Pomona police had received numerous early morning calls about a bear sighting in the local neighborhood before finding the possible suspect on Lynoak Drive. Around 1:30 a.m. a bear was spotted at Baseline and Mountain. About 3 hours later the bear was spotted on nearby Briarcroft Road and Towne Avenue, and then at 7 a.m. on Briarcroft and Lynoak Drive.
The pursuit—which forced a lockdown at nearby Sumner Elementary School—began after the strong-willed female black bear left the safety of a tall residential tree in the 100 block of Lynoak. The bear took up residency in the deodar tree around 10 a.m. after being taunted and spooked by a couple of bystanders, according to Officer Steve Sidenfaden.
While bears have frequently been spotted in the mountainous Padua Hills neighborhood, bears have never been an issue for neighbors of Lynoak.
"We've had several coyotes, lots of raccoons and squirrels, but never a bear," Ms. Carr's neighbor Laurie Applebee exclaimed.
The neighborhood bear sighting was new for both neighbors and officials alike.
"This is the first time we have seen a bear below the 210 freeway," commented Warden Don Nelson of the California Department of Fish and Game.
While Mr. Nelson attributed the allure of "trash day" as to why the bear traveled so far down the mountain, later evidence showed that perhaps the bear was not such a newcomer to the area after all. When the bear finally left its lofty hiding place around noon—spurred by a second hit of a tranquilizer gun wielded by fish and game wardens— it jumped a series of fences, finally coming to a stop in the backyard of a residence in the 1100 block of Briarcroft. Police believe its final stop was not a coincidence. Watch Commander Sergeant Lori Davenport says the backyard, found shaded with avocado trees and what looks like a little den created by the side fence, might have been a frequent destination point for the hungry black bear.
—Beth Hartnett
news@claremont-courier.com