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World AIDS Day reminds us that the toll of the world's longest pandemic continues throughout the year
Inboxes fill fast on commemorative days like these with reminders of a challenge that has tragic impacts throughout the year. Often these days can seem to serve as a pass for remembering, discussing, pressing for solutions to the challenge on all the other days. In a year when a new pandemic has both dominated our thoughts and needs, while posing new obstacles to HIV service access and to progress in ambitious initiatives to end HIV as a pandemic, however, World AIDS Day, provided an important opportunity to examine lessons learned — and yet to be learned — from the last four decades. The Infectious Diseases Society of America and its HIV Medicine Association offered these:
On World AIDS Day, we must heed the lessons from COVID – Dr. Rajesh T. Gandhi, chair of the HIV Medicine Association and director of HIV Clinical Services and Education in the Division of Infectious Diseases at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts notes impacts to HIV services across the country and around the world in this Hill opinion piece, noting that in the midst of significant gains in prevention, treatment and lives saved, "the coronavirus pandemic provided a stark reminder of how fragile our progress in HIV has been."
Preserving Progress Toward Ending the HIV Pandemic Demands Resilience, Resources with Impacts This World AIDS Day – Noting setbacks to global and domestic HIV responses "that will be felt for years to come," this release from IDSA and HIVMA calls on political leaders and policy makers to re-commit to ending HIV as a pandemic.
This entry was posted in HIV, What we're reading on December 1, 2020 .
← A plan maintains continuity of HIV care in a Nigerian state during COVID-19 lockdown Representing a quarter of Denver's population, Latinx residents bear the brunt of COVID-19 with more than half of all sicknesses, deaths →


Audit quality has improved according to the second year of a survey of the Audit committee (AC) chairs of FTSE 350 firms.
However, the latest study, jointly overseen for the first time by the Financial Reporting Council (FRC), found that the vote of confidence was tempered by concerns about professional scepticism.
The survey asked the AC chairs eight questions on audit quality, with their responses being ranked on a scale of one to seven (one being the lowest and seven highest). Comments could also be added, and the questions were the same as last year so that an accurate comparison could be made.
According to the FRC, there was 'overwhelmingly positive' feedback on audit quality, and the majority of respondents gave their auditor a rating of six or seven for almost all of the queries.
Surveys were sent to the AC chairs of all FTSE 350 companies as well as to a selection from listed companies outside of the FTSE 350.
The lowest overall scores were for those questions that asked about professional scepticism and the auditor's response to regulatory oversight. This was the same in last year's survey.
All categories actually saw evidence of improvement however, with the highest being independence and objectivity.
The majority of those who took part viewed their experiences with their audit firm as positive. The quality of the audit engagement partner was highlighted as being a vital factor in a quality assessment of the audit, and the importance of independence was also a big issue.


Accessed 15 February Brain Candyhe left the troupe in the middle of the writing, dissatisfied with the internal strife and the quality of the script, and joined the NewsRadio cast instead. Raymond Sheasgreen - Third Death's a Charm And Scott Thompson has had a regular role on the TV series Hannibal, while honing his standup comedy chops. How Much Have You Seen?
TV Movie Peter Fuddy. Archived from the original on September 8, So we all started to have to play female characters so we could write about something other than just men, and we get on TV — we realized we couldn't do it that way. The Kids became popular with their smart, edgy and gay-themed humour, performing regularly at the Rivoli Backstage on Queen Street West in downtown Toronto. The Kids in the Hall reunited inand for cross-country comedy tours, and fans were able to revisit some of their favourite characters from the beloved series. If you like this story, consider signing up for our email newsletters.


Why stop at two, huh?
How about some BATMAN AND ROBIN pages?
Did the RETURN OF BRUCE WAYNE covers from Friday sate your hunger for Batman news? We didn't think so.
The situation is dire as Batgirl and Robin must venture into Devil's Square in an attempt to save Batman before Roulette's "most dangerous game" turns deadly, courtesy of writer Bryan Q. Miller and artist Lee Garbett.
Writer/artist Tony Daniel continues to pit Batman against the Black Mask in his latest BATMAN issue.
Nice way to end the work week, if I do say so myself.
THIS JUST HAPPENED: A Batman rises?
So, new comic book day is almost over. Did you get a chance to swing by the shop? If not, you really should. It's a busy week for the DCU, with a ton of books shipping, and lots of stuff happening in said book.
Yesterday, we showed off a page from BATMAN AND ROBIN #7 -- and it was a doozy. But why stop there? We've got the first five pages from the issue here, courtesy of the superstar team of writer Grant Morrison and artist Cameron Stewart.


Welcome to Northamptonshire's online dating site for singles in Canons Ashby, we're here to help you make new friends and start relationships with local people around Canons Ashby, Northamptonshire. If you're serious about wanting to meet someone in Canons Ashby and are looking forward to getting yourself out on some fun dates then you have found the right dating website. We're not just a Canons Ashby dating site, we're focused on making new relationships that last. Something that takes effort and commitment on both sides, a serious dating site for Canons Ashby singles who are ready to date.


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Cleonymia choenorrhini är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel 1840. Cleonymia choenorrhini ingår i släktet Cleonymia och familjen nattflyn. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Nattflyn
choenorrhini

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: PHP and ajax, prevent user calling functions in dev console I have a system for user posts and i'm using ajax to fetch data, data is being fetched once the user scrolled to the bottom of the page, so it paginates the data based on the page they're in.
My question is if there's a better, more secure way of doing this, so users can't call the JS functions through the console and possibly spam the server with useless ajax calls without actually liking a post.
This is my javascript code for sending ajax requests and saving data on client side; I save the current page, max pages and per page items in the Home object.
Home.all = {
loader: $("div#allLoader"),
isLoading: false,
maxPosts: 0,
likedIcon: 'favorite',
unLikedIcon: 'favorite_border',
lastLike: 0,
liked: false,
isToLoad: false,
page: parseInt($("ul#posts-all").attr('data-page')),
per_page: parseInt($("ul#posts-all").attr('data-per')),
total_pages: parseInt($("ul#posts-all").attr('data-pages')),
likePost: function (post_id) {
    var post = $('#post-' + post_id);
    var likes = parseInt(post.find('a.post-likes span').html());
    var now = $.now() / 1000;
    if(now - Home.all.lastLike > 1 && Home.all.liked) {
        Home.all.liked = false;
        Home.all.lastLike = now;
        $.ajax({
            type: "POST",
            url: "/post/like/" + post_id,
            success: function (data) {
                if(data.status === 1) {
                    post.find('a.post-likes i').remove();
                    post.find('a.post-likes').prepend(Home.all.unLikedIcon);
                    Materialize.toast('You unliked this post.', 500);
                    likes -= 1;
                } else if (data.status === 2) {
                    post.find('a.post-likes i').remove();
                    post.find('a.post-likes').prepend(Home.all.likedIcon);
                    Materialize.toast('You liked this post.', 500);
                    likes += 1;
                }
                post.find('a.post-likes span').html(likes);
            }
        });
    }
},
updatePage: function (page, per_page, total_pages) {
    Home.all.page = parseInt(page);
    Home.all.per_page = parseInt(per_page);
    Home.all.total_pages = parseInt(total_pages);
    $("ul#posts-all").attr('data-page', page);
    $("ul#posts-all").attr('data-per', per_page);
    $("ul#posts-all").attr('data-pages', total_pages);
},
getPosts: function (page, per_page) {
    if(Home.all.isToLoad) {
        Home.all.isToLoad = false;
        Home.all.loader.show();
        Home.all.isLoading = true;
        Materialize.toast('Loading posts...', 1000);
        setTimeout(function () {
            $.ajax({
                type: "POST",
                url: "/post/all/" + parseInt(page) + "?per_page=" + parseInt(per_page),
                data: {},
                success: function (data) {
                    $("#posts-all").append(data.post_data);
                    Home.all.updatePage(page, per_page, data.total_pages);
                    Home.all.isLoading = false;
                },
                complete: function () {
                    Home.all.loader.hide();
                }
            });
        }, 1000);
    }
}};

That's my jquery events for liking a post and fetching posts;
$(document).on('scroll', function () {
    if(!Home.all.isLoading && Home.all.page != Home.all.total_pages) {
        var bottomPosts = $('#posts-all').offset().top + $('#posts-all').outerHeight() - window.innerHeight;
        if($(window).scrollTop() >= (bottomPosts) - 20) {
            Home.all.isToLoad = true;
            Home.all.getPosts(Home.all.page + 1, Home.all.per_page);
        }
    }
});

$("#posts-all").on('click', '.post a.post-likes', function ($event) {
    $event.preventDefault();
    Home.all.liked = true;
    var postID = parseInt($(this).parents('.post').attr('id').split('-')[1]);
    Home.all.likePost(postID);
});

My home.all object has a 'liked' and 'isToLoad' variables which are set to false at first, and then set to true if the user triggered those events (so scrolling to the bottom of the page sets isToLoad to true or clicking the .post-likes link sets liked to true and then based on that the ajax functions are being called to the server. I also added some server side checks to see if the post_id actually exists before adding a like to the post_likes table so users can't actually spam my database through the console with 'Home.all.liked = true' and then 'Home.all.likePost(4545454545)' with a random post id.
I'm using an MVC, here's the controller method to toggle a post like:
public function likePost($params) {
    $response = ['status' => 0];
    $postID = (int) Input::sanitizeInt($params['postid']);
    $userID = $this->app->currentUser()->id;
    if($this->app->post()->UserLiked($postID, $userID)) {
        $response['status'] = 1;
        $this->app->post()->removePostLike($postID, $userID);
    } else {
        $response['status'] = 2;
        $this->app->post()->addPostLike($postID, $userID);
    }
    return response($response, 200);
}

This is the HTML that's being generated;

            post

        12312

        favorite_border
    1 likes
Posted by Alex Makarov (AlexEY) on Saturday 27th, July 2019 07:08 PM

Tags:
                        None

            1

        1

        favorite_border
    1 likes
Posted by Paul Paul (PauLeK) on Saturday 29th, July 2017 12:13 AM

Tags:
                        None

            1

        1

        favorite_border
    1 likes
Posted by Paul Paul (PauLeK) on Saturday 29th, July 2017 12:13 AM

Tags:
                        None

            12312

        23123

        favorite_border
    0 likes
Posted by Paul Paul (PauLeK) on Saturday 29th, July 2017 12:11 AM

Tags:
                        None

            1123

        sdgdfg

        favorite_border
    1 likes
Posted by Paul Paul (PauLeK) on Saturday 29th, July 2017 12:11 AM

Tags:
                        None

A: Javascript is client-side so there is no way to avoid the possibility of bot-induced spam. Anything that a user can do in a browser, a bot can automate it. You want to verify ajax requests server-side. And if you do get spam, throttle requests based on IP or some other filter.
There is no such thing as "security" client-side. It's only a matter of making things more obfuscated and complicated to automate. But is it really a good use of your time?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
All posts tagged "Corporate Fitness Works"
Home / Posts tagged "Corporate Fitness Works"
Ask the Expert: Rebecca Johnson on Corporate Wellness
By Rachel Zabonick on August 31, 2018
You have questions, we have answers. This month we spoke with Rebecca Johnson, director of wellness services at Corporate Fitness Works, about corporate wellness. What...
Corporate Fitness Works Sold to Beth and Michael Vivio
By Rachel Zabonick on August 9, 2018
Florida-based Corporate Fitness Works has been sold to husband-and-wife team Beth and Michael Vivio. The purchase was finalized on August 1, making the Vivios 100-percent...
A Personalized Approach to Onboarding
By Emily Harbourne on May 19, 2016
There is no denying that CrossFit has proved it is not just a trend or fad, but a rapidly growing segment of the fitness market....
CFW Team Member Honored with Leadership Award
By Press Release on May 3, 2016
Joe Troubetaris honored with President's Council on Fitness, Sports & Nutrition Community Leadership Award. The President's Council on Fitness, Sports & Nutrition has selected Joe...
Banner Week for Corporate Fitness Works
By Rachel Zabonick on January 8, 2016
Corporate Fitness Works has had a banner week. It was recently recognized as the fastest-growing, largest private company in Tampa Bay, Florida, celebrating 167.7 percent...
Starting the Day Off Right
By Emily Harbourne on February 2, 2015
Convenience is key for Elaine Feehrer. As a business systems analyst for branch operations at Navy Federal Credit Union, she does not have time during...
By Rachel Zabonick on November 10, 2014
Allison Flatley of Corporate Fitness Works shares her passion for corporate wellness and the health club industry as a whole...(click above to view article)
CS Interview with Allison Flatley, the COO of Corporate Fitness Works
By Rachel Zabonick on October 31, 2014
Corporate Fitness Works Acquires L&T Health and Fitness
By Rachel Zabonick on April 8, 2014
Corporate Fitness Works (CFW), a leading provider of health and fitness management and consulting services, has acquired L&T Health and Fitness (L&T), which provides fitness...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home › Grilled Records › Foxe Basin's Get It Together [Neon Disco RMX]
Foxe Basin's Get It Together [Neon Disco RMX]
Foxe Basin is a shallow oceanic basin north of Hudson Bay, in Nunavut, Canada, located between Baffin Island and the Melville Peninsula. For most of the year, it is blocked by ice floes.
The nutrient-rich cold waters found in the basin are known to be especially favorable to phytoplankton and the numerous islands within it are important bird habitats, including Sabine's Gulls and many types of shorebirds. Bowhead whales migrate to the northern part of the basin each summer.
The basin takes its name from the English explorer Luke Foxe who entered the lower part in 1631. Born in Kingston-upon-Hull, Yorkshire, Luke Foxe searched for the Northwest Passage across North America. In 1631, he sailed much of the western Hudson Bay before concluding no such passage was possible. Foxe Basin, Foxe Channel and Foxe Peninsula were named after him.
I've got not the slightest clue if Miss Foxe Basin is anyway relative to the late Luke Foxe or why for the love of God she chose such an unusual artist alias as Foxe Basin. What is even more intriguing is her album cover. It's definitively the most horrible cover I have seen this year! Don't even wanna figure out what the heck it represent!! And don't tell my that I have a dirty mind because I really have one ( 😆 ), but this album art is still the ultimate proof of bad taste! Maybe the words of wisdom that don't judge a book by its cover might be applied again, but this cover it's definitively a start with the wrong foot while first impression generally last forever.
Now she's looking for some exposure and get one of her songs up on Indaba for being dismembered and remixed. Second "wrong foot" it's this track called "Get It Together" which open the 6 track album and was picked to be remixed. It have a pretty cool, distorted bass riff, but honestly speaking, that's all what it is. Somebody commented on the song: "Definitely not musical song …. That's the best example how music industry productions just going to the dogs these days …funny and so sad!" (referring also to that horrible cover). Well, I kind of like that not musical idea and strip down to the basics type of club-banger, straight forward, little bit old-school sounding techno song. It's not that bad, but definitively one of the most weakest track out of the six, so, a facelift, a smart remix seems to be a good choice and a smart move.
I had hard time with the vocal track. First of all it was multi-tracked and pretty hardly treated/damaged with compression, reverb and delay. Secondly, except the first "verse" her singing was not very tight to the beat, so it was kind of too sophisticated to edit it, chop it up, stretch it all over, I used only that first verse and made a few small adjustments.
Did a kicking, banging, minimal underground club version with hardcore drum beats and some sick and noisy synths. Write a new song around the vocal track, did not use anything else from the original, not even that cool, fuzzy bass riff.
It's the Holidays season, so, I decide it to vote for each one of the remixes submitted to this action (not really a contest, isn't it?) although I know this is a pool of sharks where everybody pretending to be a sheep, but honestly there is no room for support each other, there is no room for love, sometimes not even for respect! Not really expecting from you guys to do the same! 😆
But at least can give a like to her FB page: https://www.facebook.com/FoxeBasinMusic.
Happy Holidays fckrs!!
Chop Chop by Foxe Basin
Surprisingly, the rest of the album it's much more musical and enjoyable, somewhere half way between old school new wave and indie pop. She wanted some exposure, she get some!! Actually I'm quite curious how many respectable Indabians will remix her track while no actual/material reward it's included and we all know pretty exactly what "royalties on any future revenue generated from the remix" means.
"Forged from the smoldering Southern embers of producer Kent Rockafeller and the carven-ice gleam of Canadian singer Joanie Wolkoff, Foxe Basin stands apart from the dance genre's diaspora in its unrelenting commitment to cathartic hooks, addictive arrangements and irresitible beats. Based in Brooklyn, Foxe Basin tempers artful production value with an experimental electro edge. Kent crafts party jams perched on the fine neon line between accessibility and heartpounding musicianship, while Wolkoff's interpolating vocal melodies and agile lyrics complete Foxe Basin's signature sound. Named for a remote, arctic body of water, Foxe Basin's ever-shifting, immersive sounds will leave you surprisingly hot and restless for more." (From her official page)
Foxe Basin – Official Site
Foxe Basin @ SoundCloud
Foxe Basin @ Bandcamp
Foxe Basin @ Facebook
For licensing inquiries contact Michael Frick or Kris Roggeman
Tagged with alternative pop, club, dance, Foxe Basin, Get It Together [Neon Disco RMX], hard disco, music, remix
← For the memory of Florent Pevee, singer/guitarist of Kabul Golf Club
Celldweller – Blackstar Act One: Purified (Orignal Score) 2013 →


text:
Quality of helping behaviours of members of the public towards a person with a mental illness: a descriptive analysis of data from an Australian national survey Academic research paper on "Psychology"
Ann Gen Psychiatry
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Similar topics of scientific paper in Psychology , author of scholarly article — Alyssia Rossetto, Anthony F Jorm, Nicola J Reavley
Evaluation of Mental Health First Aid training with members of the Vietnamese community in Melbourne, Australia
2009 / Harry Minas, Erminia Colucci, Anthony F Jorm
Examining Predictors of Help Giving Toward People With a Mental Illness: Results From a National Survey of Australian Adults
2014 / A. Rossetto, A. F. Jorm, N. J. Reavley
Mental health first aid responses of the public: results from an Australian national survey
2005 / Anthony F Jorm, Kelly A Blewitt, Kathleen M Griffiths, Betty A Kitchener, Ruth A Parslow
Youth mental health first aid: a description of the program and an initial evaluation
2011 / Claire M Kelly, Johanna M Mithen, Julie A Fischer, Betty A Kitchener, Anthony F Jorm, et al.
An experimental study exploring the impact of vignette gender on the quality of university students' mental health first aid for peers with symptoms of depression
2016 / E. Bethan Davies, John Wardlaw, Richard Morriss, Cris Glazebrook
Academic research paper on topic "Quality of helping behaviours of members of the public towards a person with a mental illness: a descriptive analysis of data from an Australian national survey"
a ANNALS OF GENERAL
^^ PSYCHIATRY
PRIMARY RESEARCH	Open Access
Quality of helping behaviours of members of the public towards a person with a mental illness: a descriptive analysis of data from an Australian national survey
Background: Courses such as Mental Health First Aid equip members of the public to perform appropriate helping behaviours towards people experiencing a mental illness or mental health crisis. However, studies investigating the general public's knowledge and skills in relation to assisting a person with a mental illness are rare. This study assesses the quality of mental health first aid responses by members of the Australian public using data from a national survey.
Methods: Participants in a national survey of mental health literacy were assigned one of six vignettes (depression, depression with suicidal thoughts, early schizophrenia, chronic schizophrenia, social phobia or post-traumatic stress disorder) and asked an open-ended question about how they would help the character in the vignette. The 6,019 respondents were also asked if and how they had helped a person in real life with a similar problem. Responses to these questions were scored using a system based on an action plan developed from expert consensus guidelines on mental health first aid.
Results: The quality of responses overall was poor, with participants scoring an average of 2 out of 12. The most commonly reported actions for both questions were listening to the person, providing support and information and encouraging them to seek appropriate professional help. Actions such as assessing and assisting with crisis were rarely mentioned, even for the depression with suicidal thoughts vignette.
Conclusions: The quality of the Australian public's mental health first aid knowledge and skills requires substantial improvement. Particular attention should be given to helping people recognise that anxiety disorders such as social phobia require professional help and to improving responses to a suicidal person.
Keywords: Mental health literacy, Mental health first aid, Helping behaviours, Intentions
Alyssia Rossetto*, Anthony F Jorm and Nicola J Reavley
People with a mental illness are encouraged to seek professional help as soon as possible to improve their long-term outcomes. However, only a minority of people meeting the criteria for mental illness utilise mental health services in any given 12-month period [1]. Evidence indicates that people are very likely to endorse informal sources of help, particularly speaking with close
* Correspondence: alyssia.rossetto@unimelb.edu.au Centre for MentalHealth, Melbourne Schoolof Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level3, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Victoria 3010, Australia
Bio Med Central
family and friends about their problem, as helpful, sometimes rating them more positively than trained health professionals [2,3]. Studies also suggest that the social networks of people with a mental illness can facilitate help seeking [4] and recovery, through practising helping behaviours [5,6]. Helping behaviours are actions performed by people within the social network of an individual experiencing a mental health problem to provide support, facilitate treatment seeking and manage symptoms. These can be first aid responses, when the potential helper initially becomes aware that the person requires help, or they can be part of an ongoing process
© 2014 Rossetto et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
of support and care that is located within a broader social context [7]. Given the crucial role that social networks can play in assisting someone with a mental illness, it is important that members of the public understand how to provide effective help in these situations; however, educational courses providing practical advice on this topic are rare.
One exception is the Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) course, which educates people on how to provide help to someone developing a mental health problem or experiencing a mental health crisis until the crisis resolves or appropriate professional help is received [8]. The course teaches participants to address several types of mental illness and mental health crises using the ALGEE action plan [8], a mnemonic representing all the activities a first aider uses when helping. ALGEE stands for
•	Approach the person, assess and assist with any crisis
•	Listen non-judgementally
•	Give support and information
•	Encourage appropriate professional help
•	Encourage other supports
The MHFA course has been extensively evaluated, with the evidence suggesting that participants demonstrate improved knowledge of mental illnesses and mental health first aid skills, more positive attitudes towards appropriate psychological and pharmacological treatments, more confidence in providing support to a person experiencing a mental illness and reduced stigma towards people with mental illness, with these effects lasting up to 6 months after the completion of training [9-12]. Studies also indicate that people utilise the skills they are taught in the course in real life [13]. This suggests that MHFA training has practical value in promoting effective helping behaviours, benefiting individuals and communities.
Formal investigations of the general population which focus on their current knowledge about appropriate helping behaviours in situations involving mental illness are rare. It is important to understand what capabilities people already have in this area so that researchers and educators have an accurate basis from which to further the public's skills and knowledge and to track improvements or decrements in helping behaviour over time.
One Australian study has investigated helping behaviour towards a hypothetical person with a mental illness in adults. Jorm and colleagues [14] conducted a mental health literacy survey of Australian adults in 2003-2004, assigning participants one of four vignettes and asking an open-ended question about what they would do to help the person in the vignette if they knew and cared about them. Responses were coded into six categories. The study found
that encouraging professional help and listening to/supporting the person were the most common answers across all vignettes. Provision of appropriate assistance was more likely from females, people who correctly identified the disorder in the vignette and people with less stigmatising attitudes. This research suggests that while there is some understanding of how to assist someone with a mental illness in the Australian population, further education is necessary.
A similar study of Australian youth has been undertaken more recently using a different method to assess the quality of their first aid responses. Yap and Jorm explored the links between young people's intentions to help someone experiencing a mental illness and their ensuing first aid actions [15]. Two thousand and five 12- to 25-year-old people were randomly presented with one of four vignettes and asked how they would help the person described. In a follow-up interview 2 years later, participants answered the same question about the same vignette, as well as questions about whether any of their family or friends had experienced a problem like that of the individual in the vignette and what the respondent did to help them. While the previous survey of adults used descriptive methods of analysis, the 526 responses from the youth survey were analysed using a system scoring responses according to their quality based on the MHFA ALGEE action plan. The study noted that responses were generally poorly articulated and not specific enough to warrant high scores using this system. Nevertheless, it was found that first aid intentions predicted behaviour at follow-up, with the exception of encouraging appropriate professional help. This relationship also held for behaviours that were deemed unhelpful by health professionals but which were advocated by young people, such as drinking alcohol to relax or forget the problem [16]. This is the first study to explore the prediction of first aid behaviours from intentions and suggests that using the quality scoring system is a useful and comprehensive way of evaluating levels of mental health first aid skills in the general population.
The current study uses a sample of adults from the 2011 National Survey of Mental Health Literacy and Stigma to quantify Australian adults' competency in providing assistance to both a hypothetical and a real person experiencing a mental illness. It aims to provide a more comprehensive assessment of the public's current knowledge standardised against best practice using the same quality scoring system as Yap and Jorm [15]. The analysis includes a correlation between participants' intentions to provide assistance to the hypothetical person and the helping behaviours performed towards a real
person to assess whether knowledge about help giving relates to helping behaviour in real life.
A computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) was conducted with a community sample of 6,019 Australians aged 15 and over by the research company The Social Research Centre. The sample was contacted by random digit dialling of landline and mobile phone numbers between January and April 2011. Using this approach enabled a more representative data sample to be obtained, as landline-only sampling is likely to under-sample young people [17]. The interview lasted approximately 20 min and no remuneration was provided to participants.
Survey interview
The survey was based on a vignette of a person with a mental illness. After providing demographic information,
participants were randomly allocated one of six vignettes: depression, depression with suicidal thoughts, early schizophrenia, chronic schizophrenia, social phobia or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and randomly presented with either a male ('John') or female ('Jenny') protagonist. Each vignette conformed to DSM-IV [18] and ICD-10 [19] diagnostic criteria. The male versions of the six vignettes are reproduced in Table 1.
Survey respondents were next asked to identify what, if anything, they believed to be wrong with John/Jenny, with unprompted responses recorded. This was followed by questions regarding how John/Jenny could best be helped and the likely helpfulness or harmfulness of several interventions (e.g. health professionals, friends and family, self help strategies, medications and therapies), including an open-ended response to the question: 'Imagine John/Jenny is someone you have known for a long time and care about. You want to help him/her. What would you do?' Interviewers then asked respondents
Table 1 Vignettes used in 2011 Adult Survey of Mental Health Literacy and Stigma
Depression with suicidal thoughts
Early schizophrenia
Chronic schizophrenia
Socialphobia
John is 30 years old. He has been feeling unusually sad and miserable for the last few weeks. Even though he is tired all the time, he has trouble sleeping nearly every night. John doesn't feellike eating and has lost weight. He can't keep his mind on his work and puts off making decisions. Even day-to-day tasks seem too much for him. This has come to the attention of his boss, who is concerned about John's lowered productivity.
John is 30 years old. He has been feeling unusually sad and miserable for the last few weeks. Even though he is tired all the time, he has trouble sleeping nearly every night. John doesn't feel like eating and has lost weight. He can't keep his mind on his work and puts off making any decisions. Even day-to-day tasks seem too much for him. This has come to the attention of John's boss who is concerned about his lowered productivity. John feels he willnever be happy again and believes his family would be better off without him. John has been so desperate, he has been thinking of ways to end his life.
John is 24 and lives at home with his parents. He has had a few temporary jobs since finishing schoolbut is now unemployed. Over the last six months he has stopped seeing his friends and has begun locking himself in his bedroom and refusing to eat with the family or to have a bath. His parents also hear him walking about his bedroom at night while they are in bed. Even though they know he is alone, they have heard him shouting and arguing as if someone else is there. When they try to encourage him to do more things, he whispers that he won't leave home because he is being spied upon by the neighbour. They realize he is not taking drugs because he never sees anyone or goes anywhere.
John is 44 years old. He is living in a boarding house in an industrial area. He has not worked for years. He wears the same clothes in allweathers and has left his hair to grow long and untidy. He is always on his own and is often seen sitting in the park talking to himself. At times he stands and moves his hands as if to communicate to someone in nearby trees. He rarely drinks alcohol. He speaks carefully using uncommon and sometimes made-up words. He is polite but avoids talking with other people. At times he accuses shopkeepers of giving information about him to other people. He has asked his landlord to put extra locks on his door and to remove the television set from his room. He says spies are trying to keep him under observation because he has secret information about international computer systems which controlpeople through television transmitters. His landlord complains that he willnot let him clean the room which is increasingly dirty and filled with glass objects. John says he is using these "to receive messages from space".
John is a 30-year old who lives alone. Since moving to a new town last year he has become even more shy than usual and has made only one friend. He would really like to make more friends but is scared that he'lldo or say something embarrassing when he's around others. Although John's work is OK he rarely says a word in meetings and becomes incredibly nervous, trembles, blushes and seems like he might vomit if he has to answer a question or speak in front of his workmates. John is quite talkative with his close relatives, but becomes quiet if anyone he doesn't know wellis present. He never answers the phone and he refuses to attend socialgatherings. He knows his fears are unreasonable but he can't seem to controlthem and this really upsets him.
John is a 30-year -old who lives with his wife. Recently his sleep has been disturbed and he has been having vivid nightmares. He has been increasingly irritable, and can't understand why. He has also been jumpy, on edge and tending to avoid going out, even to see friends. Previously he had been highly sociable. These things started happening around two months ago. John owns a newsagent shop with his wife and has found work difficult since a man armed with a knife attempted to rob the cash register while he was working four months ago. He sees the intruder's face clearly in his nightmares. He refuses to talk about what happened and his wife says she feels that he is shutting her out.
questions relating to personal and perceived stigma, rating their agreement or disagreement with the statements on a five-point scale. Participants also answered questions about the mental health of the participant's friends and family, firstly establishing if respondents knew anyone with a problem similar to John's/Jenny's. Questions were also asked about the number of affected people, whether the respondent did anything to help the person they knew best, an open-ended question about how they helped the person and whether the close friend or family member sought professional help or treatment. Participants were also asked about their beliefs about the causes of mental illness, their own mental and physical health, and their awareness and knowledge of mental health organisations.
Coding of open-ended responses
The two open-ended questions relating to how the participant would help the person in the vignette and what the participant did to help their close other with a similar problem to John/Jenny were scored via the scoring system used by Yap and Jorm [15]. The system is based on the ALGEE action plan taught in the second edition of the Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) course [8] and is available on request from the authors. The action plan was developed through a series of studies designed to create mental health first aid guidelines for the public [20-25]. Responses are awarded a point for each component of the action plan they mention (i.e. Approach the person, Assess and assist with any crisis, Listen non-judgementally, Give support and information, Encourage appropriate professional help and Encourage other supports) and given an additional point per category where specific details are given (e.g. 'Encourage the person to see a psychologist' would receive two points for Encourage appropriate professional help). Responses can receive a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 2 points per category, giving a total score representing the quality of the response that ranges from 0 to 12.
To ensure the reliability of the assigned scores, a rater first scored 60 sample open-ended responses from a previous trial using the ALGEE scoring system and compared these with consensus scores for the same responses determined by the creators of the MHFA course and the scoring system [9]. This process serves as the gold standard for training raters and assessing scoring validity [9,15]. Inter-rater reliability was calculated using Pearson's r for each category and for the total score, as shown in Table 2. Secondly, the rater and the ALGEE scoring system developers each independently coded 80 randomly selected open-ended responses from the 2011 National Survey of Mental Health Literacy and Stigma. Forty responses were taken from the question 'Imagine John/Jenny is someone you have known for a long time and care about. You want to help him/her. What would you do?' and 40 responses were taken from the question 'What did you do to help the close friend/ family member you know who had a problem similar to John's/Jenny's?' Inter-rater reliability is shown in Table 2 and evidences very high inter-rater reliability overall. A rater then scored each of the responses in each question of interest, clarifying with the scoring system developers as necessary.
Pre-weights were initially administered to all data to adjust for the respondents' chances of selection and the dual-frame survey design. A population weight was also applied to account for the survey's over-sampling of university-educated and English-speaking background participants and under-sampling of males and younger adults. The data were analysed using percent frequencies, means and standard deviations. Post hoc nonpara-metric tests were used to examine differences between vignettes, as the majority of variables were heavily skewed and unable to be transformed due to the categorical nature of the data. Kruskal-Wallis tests were initially employed to assess whether any overall differences
Table 2 Inter-rater reliability for each component of the action plan and total score for sample responses
ALGEE component	Pearson's r for sample of 60	Pearson's r for 40 sample intention	Pearson's r for 40 sample behaviour
responses	responses	responses
Approach the person	0.77	-	-
Assess and assist with any crisis	0.94	1.00	-
Listen non-judgementally	0.81	0.92	0.93
Give support and information	0.68	0.76	0.79
Encourage appropriate professional help	0.86	1.00	0.93
Encourage other supports	0.81	0.88	-
Totalscore for response	0.89	0.93	0.80
No Pearson's r was obtained for Approach the person, Assess and assist with any crisis or Encourage other supports as one of the columns used in these correlations had exclusively zero values.
between the vignettes existed. Where the overall effect was significant, Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare individual vignettes to all other vignettes to further evaluate the significance and direction of results.
Due to the number of post hoc tests run, a Bonferroni correction was applied to the significance level, so that results are reported when p < .008. Effect size estimates for the Mann-Whitney tests, in the form of Pearson's r were also calculated as an additional point of comparison between vignettes [26]. Equivalent parametric post hoc tests were performed for the total scores for the intention and behaviour questions, as these variables were normally distributed. Violations of Levene's test for equality of variances were observed in all but one of the significant post hoc analyses; t test values with unequal variances assumed are reported in these instances. Cohen's d effect sizes are reported for these results. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 20 and Intercooled Stata 12.
Oral consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants prior to beginning the interview. This study was approved by the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee.
The response rate for the survey was 44%, defined as the number of completed interviews (n = 6,019) out of the number of potential participants who could be contacted and confirmed as in scope (n = 13,636). There were 4,323 interviews conducted on landlines and 1,696 interviews were conducted on mobile phones. There were 2,670 males (44.4%) and 3,349 females (55.6%) sampled. Table 3 shows the number of respondents who received each vignette, the number of people who answered the question 'Imagine John/Jenny is someone you have known for a long time and care about. You want to help him/her. What would you do?' (hereafter referred to as 'intention' or 'the intention question') and the number of people who answered the question 'What did you do to
help the close friend/family member you know who had a problem similar to John's/Jenny's?' (hereafter referred to as 'behaviour' or 'the behaviour question'). There were no significant differences between people receiving the different vignettes with regards to age, gender, marital status, education level, country of birth or location.
Results for intention question
Of the 6,019 survey respondents, 5,937 (98.6%) answered the intention question and were scored using the ALGEE criteria. Additional file 1: Table S1 contains the percentage frequencies of all the ALGEE components and their scores by vignette for this question. Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated that significant differences existed among all groups across all ALGEE criteria (p < .008). Significant results are summarised in Table 4.
Approach the person
Across all vignettes, how to approach the person in the vignette was not clearly articulated, with 86.8% of the sample receiving a score of 0 for this criterion and 1.1% receiving a score of 2. The mean score for Approach the person was 0.15 (SD = 0.38). Post hoc Mann-Whitney tests indicated that respondents who did not receive the chronic schizophrenia vignette were significantly more likely to score highly on this criterion.
Assess and assist with any crisis
Almost no respondents detailed assessing and assisting the person in crisis. In the depression with suicidal thoughts vignette, where a crisis is apparent, 19 responses received a score of 2 and 21 answers received a score of 1. This means that 40 of the 1,001 people who answered the intention question for the depression with suicidal thoughts vignette recognised that John/Jenny was experiencing a mental health crisis. However, the number of people mentioning an Assess and assist with crisis action for the depression with suicidal thoughts vignette was more than double that of the other vignettes. Respondents receiving the depression with suicidal thoughts vignette were more likely to score highly on
Table 3 Number of people receiving each vignette and answering the intention and behaviour questions
Vignette	Respondents receiving vignette	Respondents answering intention question	Respondents answering behaviour question
Depression	1,016	1,003	561
Depression with suicidal thoughts	1,008	1,001	548
Early schizophrenia	1,002	989	383
Chronic schizophrenia	993	973	286
Social phobia	992	975	438
PTSD	1,008	996	395
Total	6,019	5,937	2,615
Table 4 Significant results for differences by vignette for the intention and behaviour questions
ALGEE criteria	Depression	Depression with suicidal thoughts	Early schizophrenia	Chronic schizophrenia	Social phobia	PTSD
Approach the person	I, r =.05
Assess and assist with any crisis	t r =.10	I, r =.04
Listen non-judgementally	t r = .07	I, r =.16 I, r =.07 (b)	I, r =.06	t r =.10 t r =.07 (b)
Give support and information	I, r =.07	I, r =.07	t r =.06	t r =.10	I, r =.06 (b)
Encourage appropriate professional help	t r =.05	t r =.05	I, r =.13
Encourage other supports	t r =.06	I, r =.08	t r =.07	I, r =.04
Totalscore	t d = .10	t d = .23	I, d = .21 I, d = .16 (b)	I, d =.20
Arrows indicate whether participants receiving the vignette were significantly more or less (|) likely to score highly compared to participants receiving all other vignettes at p < .008. r and d indicate effect sizes. (b) indicates that the significance and effect size relates to the behaviour question. All other results relate to the intention question.
this criterion while people receiving the social phobia vignette were less likely to score highly than those receiving other vignettes. Of the total sample of 6,019, 1.3% scored either 1 or 2 points for this criterion, with the mean score being 0.02 (SD = 0.18).
this component compared to participants receiving other vignettes. Compared to the other vignettes, participants receiving the depression and early schizophrenia vignettes were significantly less likely to provide answers of a high quality.
Listen non-judgementally
Many respondents recognised and articulated the need for helpers to talk and listen to the person in the vignette. Of the respondents, 38.2% overall received scores of 1 or 2 for this component. Of note here is that, while many respondents stated that they would talk and/or listen to the person, only 140 of these people detailed how they would perform this action (e.g. listen empathically, validate feelings), which was necessary to receive 2 points. Participants receiving the depression and PTSD vignettes scored significantly higher, while people assigned the chronic schizophrenia and social phobia vignettes scored significantly lower compared to the other vignettes. The overall mean score for the Listen non-judgementally criterion was 0.40 (SD = 0.54).
Give support and information
Almost half of the responses to the intention question (47.9%) received scores of 1 or 2 for this criterion. Again, the majority of people provided superficial responses (M = 0.50, SD = 0.56), suggesting that while the public recognises the need to support people with mental illness, they may not necessarily understand what types of support or information can be provided. In the chronic schizophrenia and social phobia vignettes, more people than not stated this as a helping action. Post hoc comparisons confirmed that the people receiving these vignettes were significantly more likely to score highly on
Encourage appropriate professional help Approximately half of the respondents (48.9%) overall supplied an answer that was awarded 1 or 2 points for this component, with a mean score of 0.91 (SD = 0.93) across all responses. Of these responses, 2,331 were allocated 2 points for correctly stating a specific type of professional help, such as a GP, psychologist or psychiatrist. In all but the social phobia vignette, well over half of the responses mentioned encouraging professional help of some description for the person in the vignette. Mann-Whitney tests indicated that people receiving the depression and depression with suicidal thoughts vignettes were significantly more likely to score highly, while respondents to the social phobia vignette were significantly less likely to recommend professional help of any description.
Encourage other supports
The majority of respondents overall (89.3%) scored 0 for this criterion, with only eight people in total receiving a score of 2. Four of the eight responses came from the depression with suicidal thoughts vignette. The mean score for Encourage other supports was 0.11 (SD = 0.32). Mann-Whitney tests indicated that significantly higher scores were achieved by respondents assigned the early schizophrenia and social phobia vignettes, while people receiving the chronic schizophrenia and PTSD vignettes scored significantly lower.
The scores for each ALGEE category were summed for each response to give a total score. These scores ranged between 0 and 7 out of a possible maximum score of 12. The majority of people scored between 1 and 3 (M = 2.08, SD = 1.16). Seven people were awarded a score of 7 (0.1% of the total sample), with four of these coming from people receiving the depression with suicidal thoughts vignette, two from the depression vignette and one from the PTSD vignette. A one-way ANOVA suggested that significant differences between vignettes existed (F(5, 5931) = 21.09, p < .008). Participants receiving the depression and depression with suicidal thoughts vignettes scored significantly higher than participants receiving other vignettes, while people who received the chronic schizophrenia and social phobia vignettes were significantly less likely to receive high scores.
Results for behaviour question
Respondents were asked if they knew anyone with a problem similar to John's/Jenny's. Fifty-four percent of the total sample (3248 respondents) said they did. There were 2,649 people who stated that they had done something to help the person, and 2,615 respondents (43.4% of the total sample) provided an answer to the question 'What, if anything, did you do to help the person?' Additional file 1: Table S2 contains the percentage frequencies of all the ALGEE components and their scores by vignette for this question. Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated that significant differences existed among the Listen non-judgementally and Give support and information criteria (p < .008). Significant results are summarised in Table 4 and indicated with a (b) symbol.
This component was poorly articulated, with 91.7% of respondents receiving a score of 0. Nine respondents were awarded a score of 2, representing 0.4% of respondents who answered the question; four of these people received the depression vignette. The mean score for this criterion was 0.09 (SD = 0.29).
Again, the majority of answers did not mention this component (M=0.02, SD = 0.19). Overall, 25 respondents scored 1 point (1.1%) and 17 respondents scored 2 points on this criterion (0.5%). Seven of the responses awarded a score of 2 received the depression with suicidal thoughts vignette, but people receiving this vignette were not more likely than respondents receiving other vignettes to achieve higher scores on this criterion.
Across all vignettes, 37.4% of people scored either 1 or 2 points for Listen non-judgementally, with 55 people in total receiving a score of 2. The mean score for this component was 0.39 (SD = 0.53). This reflects similar numbers to the Listen non-judgementally criterion for the intention question. Respondents receiving the PTSD vignette scored significantly higher on this criterion and people assigned the chronic schizophrenia vignette were less likely to score highly.
The majority of answers (66.6%) stated that at least one form of support or information had been provided to the person known in real life. Across all vignettes, the most common score was 1, with the mean score being 0.75 (SD = 0.61). People receiving the PTSD vignette were significantly less likely to provide high-quality support and information compared to those receiving other vignettes.
Encourage appropriate professional help
The majority of respondents for the behaviour question received scores of 0 for this criterion (57.4%). Of the people who received scores of 1 or 2, 891 could correctly name an appropriate source of professional help, giving them a score of 2. The mean score for Encourage appropriate professional help was 0.79 (SD = 0.92).
Again, most respondents (89.3%) scored 0 for this criterion, with eight people across all vignettes listing at least two types of other supports they provided or suggested to the person needing help. Five of these scores came from people receiving the social phobia vignette. The mean score for this criterion was 0.11 (SD = 0.33).
The total scores for the behaviour question also ranged between 0 and 7 across all vignettes. The mean score was 2.15 (SD = 1.15), with 85.4% of scores falling between 1 and 3. Three people received scores of 7 (0.1%); 21 people scored a total of 6 (0.8%). A post hoc ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences between vignettes (F(5, 2,609) = 2.43, p = .03). Respondents who received vignettes other than the chronic schizophrenia vignette attained significantly higher totals.
Correlations between intention and behaviour
The correlation between the intention and behaviour variables was computed using the total scores from each question. The correlation between these variables was 0.203 (p < .01), indicating that intention and behaviour had a significant but low correlation overall. Examination of this
correlation as a function of each vignette showed similarly low, significant correlations for depression (0.289, p < .01), depression with suicidal thoughts (0.239, p < .01), early schizophrenia (0.162, p < .01), social phobia (0.221, p < .01) and PTSD (0.151, p < .01), with chronic schizophrenia the only non-significant correlation (0.078, p > .05). Correlations between the intention and behaviour questions by ALGEE component were all significant at the p < .01 level, with correlations ranging between 0.061 (Listen non-judgementally) and 0.231 (Encourage appropriate professional help).
This study aimed to better understand the ability of the Australian population to provide assistance to a hypothetical and a real person with a mental illness and to compare this with current best practice in the field of mental health first aid. The study also investigated the links between what people stated they would do to help someone with a mental illness and how this was reflected in their real-life actions.
Findings from this study
The findings indicate that, overall, responses from the public outlining appropriate helping behaviours towards people with a mental illness score poorly according to the ALGEE system. An average score of 2 indicates that people can state two actions (for example, listening and providing support) or can comprehensively report on one action (such as naming a specific health professional to visit), but otherwise lack the particular knowledge and skills to effectively assist someone with a mental illness. This implies that courses like MHFA can be beneficial in terms of educating the public on simple, beneficial behaviours that will help people with mental illness feel supported, accepted and motivated to seek professional assistance.
The most commonly reported action for the intention question was Encourage appropriate professional help, being mentioned in 48.9% of responses. This is a positive outcome, as it suggests that the public is aware that mental illness is best treated with the assistance of health professionals. Interestingly, this trend was not reflected in responses to the social phobia vignette, with only 33.6% of people reporting that they would encourage the person to seek professional assistance. This may be because this disorder was poorly recognised and named as a mental illness by respondents [2], prompting answers primarily focused on providing social support or encouraging social activities. Encourage appropriate professional help was also not the most commonly reported action for the behaviour question (this was Give support and information, with over 66% of people providing this response). This reflects similar findings in Yap and
Jorm's youth study [15], suggesting that this is a widespread trend in the Australian population and that behaviours that encourage professional help seeking need to be more actively promoted to the public as a complement to providing support and information.
In contrast, responses classified in the Assess and assist with any crisis category were very infrequently reported across the sample for both the intention and behaviour question. This is especially concerning for the depression with suicidal thoughts vignette, where a life threatening crisis is evident. Compared to mental health professionals, the public are less likely to believe in the helpfulness of asking a person about suicidal thoughts and feelings, and more likely to believe this action is harmful [27], despite evidence suggesting that there are no detrimental effects associated with screening for suicidal intent [28]. Assessing for suicidal intent is an action that requires greater destigmatisation and promotion in the community as a helpful response.
Another notable finding is that people receiving the chronic schizophrenia vignette were significantly more likely to score poorly in several areas, including Approach the person, Listen non-judgementally and Encourage other supports, culminating in significantly lower total scores for both intention and behaviour. This may reflect a greater prevalence of stigmatising attitudes towards people with psychotic disorders compared to people with other mental illnesses within the community, particularly the idea that they are unpredictable and dangerous [29]. This could result in a reduced likelihood of even attempting mental health first aid and suggests that encouraging the community to perceive people with schizophrenia as no different to people with any other mental illness might enhance the quality of mental health first aid responses for this group.
In comparing the responses for the intention and behaviour questions, there were few differences. The most commonly reported actions for both questions were Listen non-judgementally, Give support and information and Encourage appropriate professional help. Mean scores for each ALGEE component were similar when comparing responses to each question (for example, the mean score for Encourage other supports was 0.11 for both the intention and behaviour questions), indicating that, in general, the public seem likely to perform the same actions towards both a hypothetical and a real person. This is further supported by the correlation between the total scores for the intention and behaviour questions, which was low but significant. This is encouraging, as it implies that if members of the public are equipped with the knowledge and skills to adequately assist someone with a mental illness, they are likely to actually perform these actions when necessary. This notion is also supported by well-established psychological
theories, such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour [30] which postulates that intentions are the precursor to, and a reasonably accurate predictor of, an individual's actions in a given situation.
Comparison with previous studies
As previously mentioned, two similar studies to this one have been published. Yap and Jorm [15] analysed the first aid intentions and subsequent behaviours of a nationally representative sample of youth using the same scoring system as this investigation. The results of the present study support the general patterns found in the earlier study, in that mean scores and standard deviations were similar for both intention and behaviour (with the means in this study generally higher), the Listen non-judgementally, Give support and information and Encourage appropriate professional help components were more frequently reported than the other ALGEE criteria, the Approach the person and Assess and assist with any crisis criteria were rarely mentioned and total scores were quite low overall. This suggests that Australian adults' knowledge and behaviour are very similar to Australian youth in relation to helping a person with a mental illness.
Jorm and colleagues' study [14] also used a representative sample of Australian adults, coding their responses using descriptive categories rather than scoring the quality of the responses. Although it is not possible to statistically compare the results of this study and the 2005 investigation due to differences in how the data was collected (phone interview versus face-to-face interview, which yields more comprehensive responses) and analysed (descriptive analysis versus scoring the quality of responses), it is possible to ascertain general data patterns and changes over time. Again, the findings of the two studies are similar, with the Listen non-judgementally and Encourage appropriate professional help responses being most commonly stated and respondents able to correctly nominate an appropriate health professional to assist the person in the vignette. Assess and assist with any crisis responses were seldom reported; however, the percentage frequencies for this category were substantially higher than those for Give support and information in three of the four vignettes used in the 2005 study. This could be an artefact of the face-to-face interview methodology, where participants tended to give longer responses. Overall, intentions to help the person in the vignette seem to have remained relatively unchanged from 2003-2004 to 2011.
From a broader perspective, the findings of this study lend support to the postulates of social network frameworks such as the Network Episode Model (NEM) [4], which suggest that interactions between individuals and social systems, particularly family and friends,
reciprocally influence and shape a person's pathway to health care. Studies in this field reinforce the important role of social networks in recognising, defining and legitimising mental illness [31] and assisting entry into the mental health care system [32]. Findings from both the mental health literacy and NEM literatures strongly indicate that improvements can be made in how effectively and efficiently the public initially responds to mental health problems in people they encounter.
This investigation exhibits several strengths. The National Survey of Mental Health Literacy and Stigma had a large, nationally representative sample, resulting in 5,937 responses to the intention question and 2,615 responses to the behaviour question that could be scored using the ALGEE criteria. The variety of vignettes presented to participants means that responses to the intention question could be compared both within and across a standard set of situations, and this is one of the first studies to examine first aid responses towards people with anxiety disorders. Using a standard scoring system was helpful in ensuring reliability of measurement, as reflected in the high inter-rater reliabilities for each set of responses. Lastly, using the ALGEE scoring system enabled a score to be assigned based on the quality of a person's response and provided a clearer understanding of how the general public's knowledge and skills compared with best practice according to expert consensus guidelines.
This study also has limitations, some of which can be addressed in future research. Firstly, the link between intention and behaviour is unclear. This is partly due the study's methodology, which involved retrospective reporting of behaviour. To answer the behaviour question, any helping actions must necessarily have taken place prior to participating in the survey, thus behaviour actually preceded intention. The behaviour the participant reported on could have been recently performed or have taken place many years ago. Also, this survey only contains data from a single time point, which does not account for what experiences shaped participants' responses when answering these questions. To better understand this relationship, a prospective study, similar to that conducted by Yap and Jorm [15], should be undertaken with an adult sample. Additionally, given that the correlation between these variables is only 0.203, other factors must help to determine whether and what help people provide to a person experiencing mental illness. Supporting this notion is a previously conducted study of predictors of mental health first aid actions in young people suggesting that several characteristics of both the respondent and recipient of aid affect the likelihood and type of helping response provided [33]. Secondly, answers to the behaviour question were not standardised
according to a specific scenario and were potentially subject to respondent recall bias; thus, it is difficult to judge how appropriate these responses were to the actual situation and also how closely the person's symptoms matched those presented in the vignette. The nature and severity of the person's problem in real life was unclear, and hence, the appropriateness of the first aid actions cannot be determined. Additionally, it is unknown whether the respondent's actions benefited or harmed the real-life recipient. Future studies could incorporate questions relating to the well-being of the person assisted, or attempt to directly question that person to establish the effectiveness of the behaviours performed. Lastly, while the ALGEE scoring system displayed several useful features, there were some aspects of this data that it was unable to capture effectively. For example, a substantial proportion of people stated that while they were currently unsure of how to help the person in the vignette, they would seek advice on what to do from other sources, such as a GP, the internet or someone they knew who had experienced a similar problem. While this is an appropriate response from a person who is uncertain about how to provide effective help, the scoring system cannot adequately categorise and allocate points to it, as it assumes that respondents will take direct action themselves. Modifications to the ALGEE scoring system that incorporate such responses may be warranted.
The results of this study support conclusions drawn from previous research into how members of the public assist a person experiencing a mental illness. Taken together, this body of research indicates that the public's mental health first aid knowledge and skills can be substantially improved. One way to achieve this is through the promotion of programs, like MHFA, which aim to improve the public's ability to recognise and address emerging mental health issues in people they know. Given that research consistently demonstrates a significant correlation between people's intention and behaviour [34], and that the MHFA course is increasing in both visibility and popularity [35], the potential exists for educating many more people about how to appropriately assist someone with a mental illness and subsequently having these competencies communicated to researchers in future studies and demonstrated in real life.
Additional file 1: Table S1. Percentage frequencies for intention question by ALGEE component and vignette. Table S2. Percentage frequencies for behaviour question by ALGEE component and vignette.
AR wrote the manuscript, coded all the responses and performed the analyses. AFJ helped secure funding for the survey, co-designed the survey, co-developed the coding scheme, co-developed the scoring for the sample responses for inter-rater reliability and approved this manuscript. NJR helped secure funding for the survey, co-designed the survey and approved this manuscript. Allauthors read and approved the finalmanuscript.
Funding for the study was provided by the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing.
Received: 12 August 2013 Accepted: 14 January 2014 Published: 18 January 2014
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12.	Kitchener BA, Jorm AF: Mental health first aid training in a workplace setting: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2004, 4:23-28.
13.	Jorm AF, Kitchener BA, Mugford SK: Experiences in applying skills learned in a mental health first aid training course: a qualitative study of participants' stories. BMC Psychiatry 2005, 5:43-53.
14.	Jorm AF, Blewitt KA, Griffiths KM, Kitchener BA, Parslow RA: Mental health first aid responses of the public: results from an Australian national survey. BMC Psychiatry 2005, 5:9.
15.	Yap MBH, Jorm AF: Young people's mental health first aid intentions and beliefs prospectively predict their actions: findings from an Australian national survey of youth. Psychiatry Res 2012, 196:315-319.
16.	Jorm AF, Morgan AJ, Wright A: Interventions that are helpful for depression and anxiety in young people: a comparison of clinicians' beliefs with those of youth and their parents. J Affect Disord 2008,111:227-234.
17.	Hu SS, Balluz L, Battaglia MP, Frankel MR: Improving public health surveillance using a dual-frame survey of landline and cell phone numbers. Am J Epidemiol 2011,173:703-711.
18.	American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders: Fourth edition (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
19.	World Health Organisation: The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Diagnostic criteria for research. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 1993.
20.	Langlands RL, Jorm AF, Kelly CM, Kitchener BA: First aid recommendations for psychosis: using the Delphi method to gain consensus between mental health consumers, carers, and clinicians. Schizophr Bull 2008, 34:435-443.
21.	Kelly CM, Jorm AF, Kitchener BA: Development of mental health first aid guidelines on how a member of the public can support a person affected by a traumatic event: a Delphi study. BMC Psychiatry 2010, 10:49-64.
Kelly CM, Jorm AF, Kitchener BA, Langlands RL: Development of mental health first aid guidelines for suicidal ideation and behaviour: a Delphi study. BMC Psychiatry 2008, 8:1-10.
Kelly CM, Jorm AF, Kitchener BA: Development of mental health first aid guidelines for panic attacks: a Delphi study. BMC Psychiatry 2009, 9:49-58. Kingston AH, Morgan AJ, Jorm AF, Hall K, Hart LM, Kelly CM, Lubman DI: Helping someone with problem drug use: a Delphi consensus study of consumers, carers, and clinicians. BMC Psychiatry 2011, 11:1-7. Kingston A, Jorm A, Kitchener B, Hides L, Kelly C, Morgan A, Hart L, Lubman D: Helping someone with problem drinking: mental health first aid guidelines - a Delphi expert consensus study. BMC Psychiatry 2009, 9:79-87.
Fritz CO, Morris PE, Richler JJ: Effect size estimates: current use, calculations, and interpretation. J Exp Psychol Gen 2012, 141:2-18. Jorm AF, Morgan AJ, Wright A: First aid strategies that are helpful to young people developing a mental disorder: beliefs of health professionals compared to young people and parents. BMC Psychiatry 2008, 8:42-42.
Gould MS, Marrocco FA, Kleinman M, Thomas JG, Mostkoff K, Cote J, Davies M: Evaluating iatrogenic risk of youth suicide screening programs: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2005, 293:1635-1643. Reavley NJ, Jorm AF: Stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders: findings from an Australian National Survey of Mental Health Literacy and Stigma. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 2011, 45:1086-1093. Ajzen I, Madden TJ: Prediction of goal-directed behavior: attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. J Exp Soc Psychol 1986, 22:453-474.
31.	Boydell KM, Volpe T, Gladstone BM, Statsiulis E, Addington J: Youth at ultra high risk for psychosis: using the revised network episode model to examine pathways to mental health care. Early Interv Psychiatry 2013, 7:170-186.
32.	Pescosolido BA, Gardiner CB, Lubell KM: How people get into mental health services: stories of choice, coercion and "muddling through" from "first timers". Soc Sci Med 1998, 46:275-286.
33.	Yap MBH, Wright A, Jorm AF: First aid actions taken by young people for mental health problems in a close friend or family member: findings from an Australian national survey of youth. Psychiatry Res 2011, 188:123-128.
34.	Armitage CJ, Conner M: Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: a meta-analytic review. Br J Soc Psychol 2001, 40:471-499.
35.	Jorm AF, Kitchener BA: Noting a landmark achievement: mental health first Aid training reaches 1% of Australian adults. Aust NZJ Psychiatry 2011, 45:808-813.
doi:10.1186/1744-859X-13-2
Cite this article as: Rossetto et al.: Quality of helping behaviours of members of the public towards a person with a mental illness: a descriptive analysis of data from an Australian national survey. Annals of General Psychiatry 2014 13:2.
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Remember the cable guy? Carrying a roll of optical fibre cables on his shoulder that brought satellite TV to your homes before set top box relegated him to history.
He is returning yet just as business visionaries who will set up WiFi hotspots obligingness Facebook to give web in broad daylight places closure India's poor availability issue.
Called Express WiFi, the new program, which is a follow up of the prohibited Free Basics stage, binds up with business visionaries to help them set up open WiFi hotspots and helping them give web to a ton of nationals in poor or no network regions – the "purpose" behind Free Basics stage.
"We were working with ISP and administrator accomplices to test Express WiFi with open WiFi arrangements in various pilot destinations," Munish Seth, head of network arrangements at Facebook's Asia Pacific locale, told HT, including that now clients will have the capacity to buy quick, solid and moderate information packs in four states (Uttarakhand, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Meghalaya) crosswise over 700 hotspots and 500 retailers. Express WiFi has been sent in association with ISPs AirJaldi in Uttarakhand, LMES in Rajasthan, Tikona in Gujarat, and soon with Shaildhar in Meghalaya.
He additionally said that Facebook was working with Airtel to bring 20,000 more hotspots all through the nation. Express WiFi is at present live in Indonesia, Tanzania, Kenya and Nigeria.
Clarifying how Express WiFi functions, Seth said that Facebook is giving the product stack to the business people, information investigation and at times a few assets to help begin operations. In any case, he said that the business person can pick any web access supplier (ISP) for conveying the WiFi to the hotspot.
"We will prescribe ISPs in light of our tests and as a rule the speed of the Wi-Fi must be fairly around 10mbps," Seth stated, including, that on the off chance that somebody needs to utilize the WiFi, the individual will purchase an information card simply like prepaid vouchers and utilize it on their gadgets.
"Anybody can get to the Express WiFi organize by joining with an Express WiFi retailer and obtaining a day by day, week by week or month to month information pack at a rate set by our accomplices. They will then have the capacity to interface with the Express WiFi hotspot, enroll/make a record, login and begin perusing or utilize any application on the whole web," Seth clarified.


Boil 11/3 cups of water in a saucepan. Add rice and stir for 20 minutes. Add white rice vinegar, sugar and salt to the mixture. Cook for not more than one minute.
Pre-heat the oven at 300 degrees (F) [150 degrees]. Heat the nori sheet on a medium-size baking sheet in oven for not more than 2 minutes.
lay one nori sheet in the middle of the bamboo sushi mat.
wet your hands and spread a thin layer of rice on nori. Place sliced cucumber, pickled ginger and crab meat on rice.
Gently lift the bamboo sushi mat from one end and roll it till other ends.
Slice roll into 6 equal part with a wet and sharp knife.


Windy: The Best Free Weather App on the Market?
Windy (formerly known as Windyty) is an extraordinary tool for weather forecast visualization. It's fast, intuitive and detailed, and it's considered one of the most accurate weather apps out there….


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Q: Set permissions and owner's group for destination folder with rsync I'm transferring html pages to my web server with rsync with:
rsync -r -og --chown=transfer:www-data webpage/* transfer@myserver:/path/to/wwwfolder/

I use the transfer account (dedicated for data transfer and limited to rsync and scp by rssh); the transfer user is a member of the www-data group but its primary group is wizard; the www-data group is the primary group of the www-data user which is the user that runs the web server. The destination folder wwwfolder does not exists and is created by rsync.
With this setup I have two problems related to the destination folder wwwfolder:

*

*the created folder is owned by transfer:wizard, thus the web server cannot read its content. How can I tell rsync that the owner should be transfer:www-data? This owner is correctly set for the folder content by means of the --chown flag but the flag seems to be ignored for the container folder

*the created folder has drwxrw-rw- permissions, so even if I would be able to set the owner to transfer:www-data then it would still not be readable by the web server since the group does not have X permission. How can I specify the destination folder permissions to rsync?
Please note that I cannot simply login with ssh and use chown/chomd since the shell for the transfer user on the server only accepts rsync and scp commands for security reasons. The rsync version on both the server and the client is 3.1.2  protocol version 31.


In our company CloudLinux, which is the leader in the US in the development of the operating system for web hosting on a Linux-based, with a large number of customers and clusters worldwide, due to the active development of the project we are looking for talented QA Automation to join our talented QA team.
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If you are talented and want to improve your skill set, don't hesitate and send your resume to us.
Work is fully remote, with flexible hours, where you can plan your day and work from anywhere in the world.
More details about the project you can find on product website, about company on Cloudlinux.com.


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Q: GML room_goto() Error, Expecting Number I'm trying to make a game that chooses a room from a pool of rooms using GML, but I get the following error:

FATAL ERROR in action number 3 of Create Event for object obj_control:
room_goto argument 1 incorrect type (5) expecting a Number (YYGI32)
at gml_Object_obj_control_CreateEvent_3 (line 20) -     room_goto(returnRoom)

pool = ds_list_create()

ds_list_insert(pool, 0, rm_roomOne)
ds_list_insert(pool, 1, rm_roomTwo)
ds_list_insert(pool, 2, rm_roomThree)
ds_list_insert(pool, 3, rm_roomFour)

var returnIndex;
var returnRoom;

returnIndex = irandom(ds_list_size(pool))
returnRoom = ds_list_find_value(pool, returnIndex)

if (ds_list_size(pool) == 0){
room_goto(rm_menu_screen)
}else{
room_goto(returnRoom)
}

I don't get the error message saying it's expecting a number.

A: This is weird indeed... I think this should actually work.. But I have no GM around to test :(
For now you can also solve this using "choose". This saves a list (and saves memory, because you're not cleaning up the list by deleting it - thus it resides in memory)
room_goto(choose(rm_roomOne, rm_roomTwo, rm_roomThree, rm_roomFour));

choose basically does exactly what you're looking for. Might not be the best way to go if you're re-using the group of items though.


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Arsenal takes German rights to Argentinian music doc El Ultimo Aplauso
By Mike Goodridge2008-10-27T20:44:00+00:00
Arsenal has bought German rights to German Kral's Argentinian music documentary El Ultimo Aplauso, following its world premiere at the Hof Film Festival. The deal was closed on Sunday night with Beatrix Wesle's Atrix Films.
The company plans an early 2009 release.
The film follows a group of forgotten Tango singers, who used to perform in the famous El Chino Tango Bar in Buenos Aires. Battling to earn a living during the country's biggest-ever financial crisis, they come together to give one last concert.
Argentinian born Kral graduated from Munich Film School and now lives in Munich. The film was supported by FFF Munich and FFA Berlin and was produced by Tokyo based Happinet Corperation.
Memoirs of a Teenage Amnesiac draws more deals
LA-based Arsenal Pictures will handle US and European sales; Toei closes more territories at end of FilMart.
'Queen Of Hearts' dominates Denmark's 2020 Robert awards
May el-Toukhy became the first woman to win best director.


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Zendo Nutrition
Zendo Nutrition develops and distributes weight loss products, nutritional supplements, and anti-aging skincare cosmetics through a worldwide network of independent sales representatives called "Challengers". With the assistance of strategic partners including personal trainers, gym owners, and various wellness organizations, Zendo Nutrition adds education, motivation, and social community to a portfolio of high quality products, resulting in significant goal achievement success rates among its customer base. Founder and CEO Brady Whittingham authored the book, "Fitness Through Co-Motivation" emphasizes a community approach to pursuing goals, which is the basis for the company's "Personal Success Roadmap". Products offered by Zendo Nutrition include Green Coffee Bean Extract, Garcinia Cambogia, and Rapberry Ketone in the #ZendoWeightloss category; Joint Support and 8-Hour Sustained Release Energy in the #ZendoFitness category; Men's and Women's Individual Daily Vitamin Packs in the #ZendoEssentials category; and, AHA Eyes Anti-Wrinkle Treatment, Rejuvenating Facial Serum, and Inside-Out Skin Nutrition Cellular Rejuvenation Formula in the #ZendoYouth category. Zendo Nutrition, LLC is a privately held Utah-based company founded in 2012. For more information about the company, visit www.zendonutrition.com and follow on Facebook (www.facebook.com/zendonutrition), Twitter (www.twitter.com/zendonutrition), Pinterest (www.pinterest.com/zendonutrition), YouTube (www.youtube.com/zendonutrition), and Instagram (www.instagram.com/zendonutrition)
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This thesis analyses how supersymmetric (SUSY) extensions of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics can be constrained using information from Higgs physics, electroweak precision observables and direct searches for new particles. Direct searches for SUSY particles at the LHC have not resulted in any signal so far, and limits on the SUSY parameter space have been set. Measurements of the properties of the observed Higgs boson at 125 GeV as well as of the W boson mass can provide valuable indirect constraints, supplementing the ones from direct searches. Precise calculations are performed for Higgs decays and electroweak precision observables within the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model and the next to-minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model. Furthermore, a method is presented to reinterpret the LHC limits from direct SUSY searches in more realistic SUSY scenarios. The phenomenological consequences of those results are thoroughly analysed.
Lisa Zeune studied physics at the Universities of Wuppertal, Uppsala and Göttingen. For her PhD studies she joined the DESY theory group in Hamburg. She currently works as postdoctoral researcher at Delta Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Amsterdam. Her research focusses on the phenomenology of the Standard Model and its extensions, Higgs physics, Quantum Chromodynamics and effective theories.


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2 popular singers who were present at Old Trafford for Ronaldo's second debut for Man United
Ronaldo's second debut for Manchester United was nothing short of exhilarating. Not just because of the goals, but also the distinguished guests who were present. Distinguished dignitaries made their way to Old Trafford to watch Ronaldo play. Among theses honoured guests were two popular singers. They are mentioned below;
1. Burna Boy
Nigeria's Grammy Award winning singer Damini Ogulu aka Burna Boy was present for Ronaldo's debut. He was spotted in the residential area of the stands wearing his Manchester United shirt with the number 23 imprint.
The singer has always been a Manchester United fan. He has good relations with the club and some of the club's players. He recently featured in a Pepsi advertisement with Manchester United midfielder Paul Pogba.
The singer also took his mother and his entourage along with him to Old Trafford.
2. Stormzy
The talented British rapper was also present to watch Ronaldo make his debut for Manchester United. Just like Burna Boy, he wore a Manchester United shirt just like the fans. He is also a known Manchester United fan. He and Paul Pogba also share a friendship. He posed for a photo with fellow singer Burna Boy before the game kicked off.
Asides Ronaldo's debut, another possible reason for the unusual appearance at Old Trafford by Burna Boy and Stormzy could be to promote Burna Boy's show. His 'Space Adrift' concert was scheduled to happen after Manchester United's game against Newcastle. Burna Boy and Paul Pogba were seen dancing on stage during the concerts after the game.
The singers were not the only dignitaries to appear at Old Trafford. One member of the Glazer family was spotted in the stands. Mr Glazer had not been at Old Trafford since 2018 but attended the game to watch Ronaldo. In case you're wondering, the Glazer family owns Manchester United Football Club. Former Man United manager Sir Alex Ferguson was also seen in the stands.
Ronaldo's mum was also seen in the stands. She was spotted crying after Ronaldo scored his first goal since he re-signed for Manchester United.
Posted bylegitnewsdaily September 11, 2021 Posted insportsTags:#ronaldo #sports #manchester united
Cristiano Ronaldo's kids begin new school in UK after his Man Utd transfer as Georgina Rodriguez posts cute snap
EPL table after yesterday's games as Man united, Chelsea and Arsenal all won


Comments: K-A channel from Klee Ficker and Heinemann. Modified to account for Dax A current (Migliore Jun 1997). Modified to be used with cvode (Migliore 2001). Modified to remove 'ka' from parameter names, reformatting, setting sh = 0 (was 24 mV) (Suter 2010).


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The zig-zagged composition of the No. 3 rug was inspired by simple, pictorial film animations from the early 20th century, and our own artistic experimentation with the scaling and layering of basic shapes.
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Hand-woven in Rajasthan on panja looms
¼" thick with a lighter weight and hand-bound edges
Vacuum and spot-clean as needed with cold water, a mild dish or hand soap, and a soft brush.


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Review: Matilda the Musical at Bristol Hippodrome
Dennis Kelly's musical adaption of Roald Dahl's Matilda has received rave reviews, so when it was announced that the production was coming to Bristol's Hippodrome, South Bristol Voice's Ruth Drury couldn't wait to get a (chocolatey!) slice of the action ...
Just two nights into the Bristol part of the Matilda the Musical tour and the audience was bustling with excitement. All around, I could hear people discussing all manner of topic: the scary bits, Miss Trunchbull, the child actors and their stamina, and would it be as good as the book?
But the audience need not have worried.
The Royal Shakespeare Company's Matilda the Musical was a fantastic stage show with sadness, cheer, nastiness, and chocolatey goodness. Each and every actor truly put on a show and the standing ovation at the end was well deserved.
Elliot Harper as Miss Trunchbull
The songs – brilliantly written by Tim Minchin – were sung beautifully and choreographed to perfection without distracting from the clever sets or the story itself. 'When I grow up' was my favourite, with my heart leaping as the older cast members swung out over the audience. It was memorable and a perfect addition to the narrative.
A couple of strange twists were included – Russian mafia, acrobats, escapologists and ballroom dancing but these didn't detract from the story we all grew up knowing and loving.
Matilda – played by Olivia Cleverley – was wonderful, just the right amount of sass and courage, encouraging us to believe that, while standing up for your beliefs and taking control of your destiny, 'sometimes you have to be a little bit naughty'. Her school chums were a riot of fun and laughter with particular mention to Bruce (Charlie Garton) for his wonderful chocolate cake scene, Lavender (Lily Van Veen) for the adorable love for Matilda and Hortensia for her fabulous plaits which stood up to Miss Trunchbull's hammer throwing ability.
Miss Trunchbull was played by Elliot Harper to perfection, from start to finish. His stature, costume and acting talents all worked seamlessly together to produce a marvellous Pam Ferris equivalent. I found his portrayal to be much less hateful than the original for which I was grateful, having always feared the original actress.
Mr and Mrs Wormwood (Sebastien Torkia and Rebecca Thornhill) were comical with occasional disturbingly threatening moments from Mr Wormwood, but his regular referral to Matilda as a boy softened the image with some nice comedy.
In summary, go to see Matilda. It is not recommended for under 6s, and I agree, but it was a fun and fabulous night out, worthy of its ticket prices.
Matilda the Musical is on at the Bristol Hippodrome until Saturday, June 8.
Photos by Manuel Harlan


President Trump has dug himself into quite a hole with the ongoing government shutdown, and the effects are beginning to show themselves in his polling numbers. A new CBS News poll released Wednesday morning shows that Trump's approval rating has fallen three points since November and now sits at 36 percent, just one point above the record low for his presidency.
The poll reveals that 66 percent of voters want Trump to agree to a budget without funding for the border wall, compared to just 31 percent who feel he should hold out. It also shows that 47 percent of people polled believe House Speaker Nancy Pelosi is handling the budget negotiations better, compared to 35 percent who feel Trump has the upper hand. Another poll released Wednesday morning by Politico and Morning Consult shows that 54 percent of voters blame Trump and Republicans on Capitol Hill for the shutdown, while just 35 percent blame congressional Democrats.
These polls come as the longest government shutdown in U.S. history plows through its 32nd day, marking more than a month without pay for furloughed federal workers. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell has finally scheduled votes on the Senate floor on Thursday for two competing bills to reopen the government, one with wall funding and one without, the latter of which was already passed by the House of Representatives.
Trump might have been hoping for a boost in his polling numbers after the annual State of the Union address that was scheduled for tonight, but Speaker Pelosi has refused to hold it in the House chambers while the shutdown continues. Trump told reporters late this afternoon that he is planning an "alternative" for the State of the Union, but he has yet to give specifics on what exactly this means.


We want to hear from you about the clergy abuse scandals that have been in the headlines. We want to hear how you and your loved ones have been impacted by these revelations. We want to understand what you are feeling, and hear your questions.
Here at Saint Mary's, we want to create a Christ-centered response to this crisis, so that we can participate in healing, conversion and the work of justice.
As a first step in this process, we invite you to participate in a series of listening sessions. These sessions are viewed as the first, crucial step in creating our overall response to what is happening in our church and world.
At these listening sessions, we want to create an atmosphere where people can speak honestly about what they are thinking and feeling. We want to hear the questions that parishioners are asking, and to take note of suggestions that parishioners have.
We are working with experts in the field of psychology and social work to create listening sessions where everyone can be heard in a respectful atmosphere. Each of our listening sessions will be facilitated by a professional psychologist who will work to insure that every participant has the chance to say what they need to say. We are grateful to these professionals who will assist us!
at these sessions, Fr. Renninger will be there to LISTEN. He will not be there to answer questions or offer specific observations or answers.
at each session, a parishioner will be present to take notes about the main themes that are discussed. These notes will not be used to record 'who said what,' but will rather help us to begin crafting the next steps in our parish response to these important topics.
Once we have had a chance to listen to parishioners, we will be in a position to formulate a plan about our next steps. For instance, we anticipate that people will raise specific questions during these sessions. Once we have heard these questions from you, we will create further opportunities for learning and growing together.
In addition, it is our hope that we will be able to identify how St. Mary's can contribute to the work of healing anyone who has faced abuse in their lives, working for justice within the church and the world, and forming a community where human dignity is always respected.
Our listening sessions are scheduled to take place on the following dates in the Holy Family Room in the Parish Offices. (Please register for only 1 session to allow others to participate as well.) By clicking on the date, you will be taken to a registration form for that listening session.
If additional listening sessions are needed, more will be added and announced.