text:
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Strategy and guides
18XX: The best games for beginners
Posted on 4 December, 2020 By Erik Twice
There are more games in the 18XX series than years in the 19th century. With so much choice and such a confusing naming convention, it can be difficult for beginners to know which games are best for them.
After introducing dozens of people to the genre, there are four games that stand out as being a good first experience. But none of them are perfect. Each one has its own benefits and drawbacks to keep in mind before bringing them to the table.
1830: RAILROADS & ROBBER BARONS
Pound for pound, 1830 remains one of the best games in the series. Through a simple ruleset, it captures the aggressive brand of capitalism that drove the development of American railroads. It's fun, mean and exciting. While not one of my favourites, it's one of the greatest entries in the franchise and the most influential.
It's hard to go wrong with 1830. Like all Tresham games, it has an elegant ruleset. It's deeper and more strategically varied than its variants, even the newer ones. But it also has some newbie traps, like a mispriced item in the initial auction and a company, the New York Central, that might get blocked early on. Much of what gives the game its texture is not found in the rules. This makes for a more interesting game, but also presents a hurdle to newer players.
1830 is best with at least four players and is a bit longer than the alternatives. One of its best features is that having a company pay out consistently is a good strategy. However, this means the game must take four hours rather than the three of its smaller successors. Don't be afraid to call it early.
1830 should be easy to find. It has been printed by several publishers and is language independent. You can probably find a copy of the new Lookout or the previous Mayfair version for 40 to 60€. There's even an old PC port with good AI if you don't mind tinkering with Dosbox.
1889: HISTORY OF SHIKOKU RAILWAYS
Essentially 1830 on a smaller map, this Japanese variant boasts 3 player support and a shorter playtime. Both games feature a similar playstyle, with practically identical rules. They even have the same trains! Many games try to reduce 1830 to a smaller size, 1889 is one of the few that manage to do so without losing the appeal of the franchise.
Despite its smaller scope, 1889 remains a rich game. It may be won based on revenue, stock appreciation or managing the train rush. It doesn't have some of the interesting attributes of 1830, though. The companies are not as different, and the tile set has been toned down. But it's a good game. If you can't do 1830, 1889 is the closest replacement.
One aspect I do dislike is that trains get stuck unless players negotiate. Since the train roster is the same as in 1830 but there's one less company, there simply isn't enough space to bring the diesels otherwise. While negotiation is my favourite genre, I find it at odds with 18XX. I've also found beginners are afraid of taking such a dramatic step, leading to a stall.
1889 was published by DTG, a boutique publisher, but it's hard to find a copy. Fortunately, it's also available as a print'n play, which is not difficult to build. Another publisher, Grand Trunk Games, is working on a Kickstarter release with higher production values.
1825 UNITS 1, 2 & 3
What if I told you there's a 18XX that can be played in two hours, has simpler rules than Brass and requires only two players? 1825, a remake of the first game of the series, is one of the best introductory games and also one of my personal favourites. It belongs to a different branch of the family focused on portfolio management and timing.
Unlike its American sibling, there's no stock manipulation in 1825. Rather, the focus is on riding the waves of profit, stealing trains from contested companies to boost the ones you are invested in. There's no bankruptcy and you can dump presidencies onto the stock market. It's kind enough for new players, but in a way that remains insightful.
1825 is simpler than any other game in the series but takes advantage of every single detail. The route-building is challenging because we must run several trains at once. The stock market is lively and sees action every round. And there's more embezzlement because there are fewer consequences.
Sadly, copies of 1825 were made by hand by an eldery Francis Tresham. They are hard to find and expensive. Were they given a wider release, I would recommend it as the best introduction to the franchise. But today, it might prove easier to just play 1830.
18CHESAPEAKE
18Chesapeake was designed with the goal of introducing new players to the franchise. Like 1889, it uses 1830 as a template and translates it into a smaller map. But unlike its Japanese predecessor, it takes specific steps to iron out the edges of the original and provide a smoother experience.
A new mechanism takes a train out every round, keeping them moving even if players fail to do so. The initial auction is less punishing and designed with replayability in mind. And I really like the map, which is more lively and varied than in 1830. These are all good features for a beginner's game. However, 18Chesapeake is also too nice in ways that don't help new players.
The main issue is the stock market. It's very small and companies reach the floor very quickly. This makes for a peaceful game. Most of the time, it's impossible to trash stocks or change the order in which companies operate. But with less opportunities – and rewards – to do so, newbies don't learn as much and have a duller experience.
After all, aggressive play is fun. It's what attracts people to 18XX. People want to tell their own stories of trains rusting before they run and dump trainless companies onto their rivals. What newbies hate is not bankruptcy, but moving the same train up and down without anything exciting happening. 18Chesapake is good for learning but I don't think it's as engaging as the other games in the series.
18Chesapeake is published by All Aboard Games. At 100$ plus shipping, it's expensive, even by 18XX standards. The production quality matches the price, but nicer illustrations are less important than a set of poker chips.
DISRECOMMENDATIONS
Lastly, I want to mention some other titles which are usually recommended to new players but which I don't believe are great for beginners.
18AL – Another small 1830 variant. Limitations like only being able to buy one train per turn make it less interesting than either 1889 or 18Chesapeake.
18CZ, 1862: Railway Mania in the Eastern Counties – These are complex games, with several kinds of companies, mergers, auctions and the like. 18CZ has beginner scenarios but the game is still fundamentally complex and I would not recommend it for your first game.
18Lilliput, City of the Big Shoulders – These games are not part of the 18XX series. They use different mechanisms like worker placement and action selection. They are also not simple, City of the Big Shoulders is closer to baroque euros than it is to the elegant designs of Francis Tresham.
1800 – Don't bother to print this one. It's not a good learning tool, because it differs from the other games significantly, and it's a terrible game on its own terms. I regret printing my copy.
1846: The Race for the Midwest – 1846 simplifies some aspects of the series. There are no towns, no par price, no stock market manipulation. But it's still more complex than all the games listed above and too different from them. Partial capitalization is a complex mechanic, which most games don't use and which is hard for beginners to wrap their minds around.

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Strategy & Guides	18XX
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T. Derscheid
What do you think of 1861: Railways of the Russian Empire?
5 December, 2020 at 12:51 am
I haven't played it, sadly. A couple people at my club got into the Kickstarter so chances are I'll get to it sooner or later.
Pues yo el 18CZ si que lo he utilizado para enseñar a mucha gente y a funcionando genial, lo de las fusiones no lo complica mucho la verdad, tiene unos turnos fijados, es corto y no es muy agresivo en el mercado.
El 1862, si que lo veo más complicado.
El 1889 y 18Chesapeake la verdad que tb están bien para iniciar, y sin irte a una partida larga.
Buen artículo!!!
5 December, 2020 at 1:00 am
¡Me alegro de que te haya gustado!
Realmente se puede entrar en la serie de muchas formas. Yo de hecho el juego que he usado más para enseñar a jugar a los novatos es el 1870. Pero claro, yo tengo la ventaja de saber jugar, saber utilizar el moderador de Lemmi, haber jugado cientos de partidas a otros juegos, etc. Si tienes apoyo y te explican y pones ganas, realmente no es descabellado, pero creo que antes de utilizar el 18CZ usaría otros. Creo que el 18CZ es uno de esos juegos que atraen a los novatos porque es fácil de encontrar y tiene una producción atractiva y moderna.
18XX Abstracts Area Control Beat'em ups Brass Classic shooters & shmups Cooperative Cosmic Encounter Deduction Drafting Driving and racing Economic Eric M. Lang Erik's Strategy Academy F-Zero First and Third Person Shooters JRPGs & CRPGs Magic: The Gathering Netrunner Nintendo Pokémon Power Grid Push your luck Real-time Strategy Shigeru Miyamoto Social Deduction Survival Team Fortress 2 Terraforming Mars Tragedy Looper Trick-Taking Turn-based strategy


Silicon Valley Ventures (SVV) is Global Innovation Accelerator.
Based in Shimonoseki, Japan and Silicon Valley, USA, Mr. Moriwaka is an international executive serving about 10 organizations.
Mr. Moriwaka's expertise in the fields of medical technology, space tourism and various business ventures allows him to be constantly in the field of the cutting edge. With the title of the youngest Japanese who graduated from the PLD(Program for Leadership Development: alternative Executive MBA) at Harvard Business School. He has also studied M&A at Stanford Graduate School of Business, and businesses at Sydney University.
Dr. Wen is the former CTO of SynTest Technologies, Inc. in the Silicon Valley and an expert on low-power testing for low-power LSI circuits that are at the heart of all portable electronics products, including smart phones, wearable devices, as well as IoT systems. To provide advice for implementing advanced low-power testing to improve the quality and competitiveness of low-power LSI circuits.


Use CreateFromTemplateAttributes in openide.filesystems.templates instead.
Interface for objects that can contain other data objects.
Factory interface for converting file object to data objects.
This handler is used by DataFolder.FolderNode.setName() method.
Listener to operations on data objects.
Save document under a different file name and/or extension.
A folder containing data objects.
A data loader recognizes FileObjects and creates appropriate DataObjects to represent them.
Object that represents one or more file objects, with added behavior accessible though DataObject.getLookup() lookup pattern.
Registry of modified data objects.
Default implementation of a shortcut to another data object.
Property class that collects a modifiable list of file extensions and permits checking of whether a name or a file object has a given extension.
Entry that works with plain files.
Simple entry for handling folders, on copy, move and createFromTemplate it creates new empty folder and copies attributes of source folder.
Specialized entry that simplifies substitution when a file entry is created from template.
Support class for creation of an object from the content of a DataObject.Container.
A data object whose only purpose is to supply InstanceCookie.
Class that contains specific datatransfer flavors and methods to work with transfered DataObjects.
Provides support for handling of data objects with multiple files.
Loader for any kind of MultiDataObject.
Simple support for an openable file.
Environment that connects the support together with DataObject.
Support class for loader handling one file at a time.
Object that provides main functionality for xml documents.
use Lookup Representation of xmlinfo file holding container of Processors.
Exception signalling that the data object for this file cannot be created because there already is an object for the primary file.
Exception signalling that the data object for a given file object could not be found in DataObject.find(org.openide.filesystems.FileObject).
Registers new file type into the system.
Logically, all of these files are interlinked, and it is the job of a data loader to associate them. In this case, a loader installed by the Form Editor into the system's loader pool would recognize the common basename of the files, and produce a special data object which encapsulates that there is a Java source with an accompanying form and compiled class files. This data object would then provide operations appropriate to a form on disk, and assist in creating an Explorer node subtree for it.


text:
Q: PHP variable not updating in while loop I am writing a small PHP script to generate a CSV file based on customer invoices. I'm noticing that on my echo line to generate the order, only $order_date is updating. The other variables aren't changing. If I echo $rowprops[1], I do see that I am walking the rowset correctly.
I don't know enough about PHP to spot my mistake.
if ($result_daterange_orders = mysqli_query($con, $query_daterange_orders))
{
echo "Date,Order #,Gross,VAT,Net,VAT registration notes";
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_row($result_daterange_orders)) {
    $order_id = $row[0];
$query_is_order_eu = "SELECT 1 from wp_postmeta WHERE post_id = " . $order_id . " AND meta_key = '_shipping_country' AND meta_value IN
(
'AT',
'BE',
'BG',
'CH',
'CY',
'CZ',
'DE',
'DK',
'EE',
'ES',
'FI',
'FR',
'GB',
'GR',
'HR',
'HU',
'IE',
'IT',
'LT',
'LU',
'LV',
'MT',
'NL',
'PL',
'PT',
'RO',
'SE',
'SI',
'SK',
'IM',
'MC'
)";
if ($result_is_order_eu = mysqli_query($con, $query_is_order_eu)) {
    if (mysqli_num_rows($result_is_order_eu) != 0) { /* Order is in EU */
        mysqli_free_result($result_is_order_eu);
        $properties_query = "SELECT meta_key, meta_value FROM wp_postmeta WHERE post_id = " . $order_id . " AND meta_key = '_wcpdf_invoice_date'
            OR meta_key = '_wcpdf_invoice_number' OR meta_key = '_order_tax' OR meta_key = '_order_shipping_tax'
            OR meta_key = '_order_total'";
        if ($result_properties = mysqli_query($con, $properties_query)) {
            if (mysqli_num_rows($result_properties) != 0) { /* We have properties */
            $order_date;
            $invoice_id;
            $gross;
            $vat_total = 0;
            $vat_calced = 0;
            $net;
            $vnotes = "";
            while ($rowprops = mysqli_fetch_row($result_properties)) {
                //echo $rowprops[1]; different every time
                if (strcmp($rowprops[0], "_wcpdf_invoice_number") === 0)
                    $invoice_id = $rowprops[1];
                if (strcmp($rowprops[0], "_wcpdf_invoice_date") === 0)
                    $order_date = $rowprops[1];
                if (strcmp($rowprops[0], "_order_total") === 0)
                    $gross = $rowprops[1];
                if (strcmp($rowprops[0], "_order_tax") === 0) {
                    $vat_total += $rowprops[1];
                    $vat_calced +=1;
                }
                if (strcmp($rowprops[0], "_order_shipping_tax") === 0) {
                    $vat_total += $rowprops[1];
                    $vat_calced +=1;
                }
                if ($vat_calced == 2 && $vat_total === 0) /* VAT free customer */
                    $vnotes = "Order ID " . $order_id . " is VAT exempt. Registration number is ";
                if ($vat_calced == 2 && $vat_total !== 0) /* Work out bottom line */
                    $net = $gross - $vat_total;
            }
            // Format: Date, Order #, Gross, VAT, Net, VAT reg notes //
            mysqli_free_result($result_properties);
            echo $order_date . "," . $invoice_id . "," . $gross . "," . "," . $vat_total . "," . $net . "," . $vnotes . "\n";
            }
        }

    }
}
}
mysqli_free_result($result_daterange_orders);
}
mysqli_close($con);
?>

Thanks -- I'm not sure why only $order_date is updating. At first I was concerned that I was repeating the loop but if you check my commented echo, it prints a unique value every time.

A: Looks to me like you're echoing after the loop has been run through entirely, and therefore each iteration of fetch_row is not being echoed, only the last fetch.
Your outer loop is on order_date, so that will change because echo is inside that loop, while it remains outside the inner loop which is iterating through your other variable info.
while ($rowprops = mysqli_fetch_row($result_properties)) {
    if ()...
    if ()...
    //echo is inside this inner loop so vars will update with every iteration
    echo $order_date . "," . $invoice_id . "," . $gross . "," . "," . $vat_total . "," . $net . "," . $vnotes . "\n";
}
mysqli_free_result($result_properties);

A: In this case, It's hard to say what exactly the problem is, as there are nested loops, and inner loop result depends on what data is posted to a method. Eg. $query_daterange_orders - is this variable always the same?
Try to break the problem into smaller parts.
1 - starting from line 1 - make sure that $query_daterange_orders is always the same. and then go deeper, checking results on the next line.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: CakePHP Session component error In my CakePHP application, when I use another controller's class, I get Session read function error.
example.com/app/getList works well
example.com/seconds/parseList works well
But example.com/first/index gives this error:
Fatal error: Call to a member function read() on a non-object in
/example.com/app/Controller/AppController.php on line 468

Line 468 is this: $list=$this->Session->read('myList');
How can I fix this ?
class FirstController extends AppController {
    public function index () {
        $Seconds = new SecondsController();
        $Seconds->parseList();
    }
}

class SecondsController extends AppController {
    public $helpers = array('Html', 'Session');

    public function parseList () {
        $output = $this->getList();
        return output;
    }
}

class AppController extends Controller {
    public $uses = array('App', 'Mydata');
    var $components    = array('Session');
    public $helpers = array('Session','Html','Cache');

    public function getList () {
        $list=$this->Session->read('myList');
        return $list;
    }
}

Edit: I should mention that example.com/app/getList works well. When I run this action independantly it desn't give Session error.

A: You have to call the constructClasses() method after manually creating an instance of your controller:
$Seconds = new SecondsController();
$Seconds->constructClasses();

A: Did you put var $components = array('Session'); in your AppController?


text:
3 Major Causes of Divorce
Entertainment Love and Romance
Ever wonder why you "fell out of love" with your spouse?
Attia-Fotografie/Cultura/Getty Images
by Cathy Meyer
Cathy Meyer is a certified divorce coach, marriage educator, freelance writer, and founding editor of DivorcedMoms.com. As a divorce mediator, she provides clients with strategies and resources that enable them to power through a time of adversity.
Why Most Divorces Aren't Caused by Infidelity or Abuse:
This is an opinion based article about the major causes of divorce, written after years of working with divorcing clients. There is no scientific research to back up what I'm about to share, just thoughts and opinions I've gathered during my career as a Divorce Coach/Consultant.
I often hear people say they are divorcing due to infidelity or "growing apart," or better yet, "I fell out of love" with my spouse. I've often wondered if these people who cheat, grow in a different direction or fall out of love ever think about what got them to the point of divorce in the first place.
How or better yet, why do people go from happily married to divorced? Something happens between these two points and it has very little to do with infidelity or falling out of love and everything to do with the two people who are a party to the marriage and their inability to recognize when their marriage started going bad.
The 3 Major Causes of Divorce:
1. Laziness:
People don't want to work at marriage. There is a misguided belief that marriage will make us happy. As if marriage is a separate entity, something outside ourselves that will survive and thrive with little input from a husband and wife.
Women plan huge weddings; throw bridal showers and go into marriage not having any idea what marriage is. Men find a woman to care for, adore and work to take care of only to find himself married to someone who only wants more and then a little more after that.
What happens when both become disillusioned with their marriage? They start looking outside themselves to define the problems in the marriage instead of looking at the situation and asking, "What can I do to make things better?"
Blame seems to be the path of least resistance. It is easier to blame a spouse or marriage in general than to take responsibility for how they are living inside their marriage and what possible changes they may need to make that will allow a marriage to flourish.
People are too lazy to do the self-exploration, learn better relationship skills and put the needed personal effort into a marriage. Bottom line, marriage takes hard work and if you aren't committed to working hard a marriage won't last.
2. Lack of Communication Skills:
Pure and simple, people don't know how to talk to each other and they know even less about listening. The most important conversations people have are with a spouse yet they put so little effort into wisely expressing their feelings and openly listening to their spouse.
It is also common for spouses to want to avoid conversation they fear will cause them or their spouse pain. If you can't communicate, you can't solve marital problems. The easiest way to build trust in a marital relationship is via open and honest communication skills. If TALKING and LISTENING don't become a habit there is no hope.
Communication involves talking about the bad things and coming together to develop a plan of action for solving marital problems. Marital problems can't be solved without a willingness to communicate. You'll end up with unresolved problems, an unfulfilling marriage and questioning whether "that's all there is" to marriage.
Poor or no communication will lead to growing apart, it will also impact your children because you aren't setting a good example for them. If you aren't able to communicate about the good AND bad in your marriage, there is no way to feel fully secure in the marriage.
3. High Expectations:
As Sam Walton said, "High expectations are the key to everything" unless of course, we are talking about marriage. Expectations and laziness can go hand in hand when it comes to predicting whether a marriage will end in divorce.
That woman who buys the expensive wedding gown probably also has very high expectations of marriage. Men and women both make a lot of assumptions when it comes to marriage and what to expect from a marriage. These assumptions are based on many variables and problems arise when the outcome (marriage) doesn't meet the assumptions or expectations.
Marital expectations rarely align with the realities of what life is like inside marriage. I'll give you an example of unmet expectations from my own marriage. Women are taught by society that men want sex, that men think about sex and that sex is just second nature to men. According to society, if you marry a man you can expect that man to want sex with you.
I married a man who defined his own rules when it came to sex. He didn't think about sex, it was not second nature to him and since he married a woman who expected her husband to desire her sexually it goes without saying that there were problems in the marriage, problems that lead to divorce.
If he had communicated to me before marriage his lack of desire for sex I would not have married him. You see, this is where communication and expectations play a role in the outcome of marriages. Communication before marriage can keep down any unrealistic expectations one may have of marriage.
In conclusion, it is my belief that divorce is not about infidelity or unhappiness. Divorce can be and is avoided by those willing to work hard at marriage, those who know how to effectively communicate and those whose expectations are realistic.
Nine times out of ten if a husband or wife cheats they cheat as a result of problems in the marriage. Problems that could have been solved if the work has been done, there had been communication and realistic expectations. The same goes for those who say they "grew apart" or, "fell out of love". Marriages have to be nurtured, if not they fall victim to a myriad of problems. Are you nurturing your marriage?
Are You Headed For Divorce? 6 Signs That You Are
6 Things Needed for Second Marriages to Succeed
Should You Divorce? 6 Signs It's Time
Do You Believe These Myths About What Causes Divorce?
10 Marital Problems That Cause Divorce
4 Completely Valid Reasons for Getting Divorced
4 Things You Can To Save My Marriage
Why Most Divorces Are Initiated By Women
Make Your Marriage Last By Lowering Your Odds for Divorce
Exactly why Is The Divorce Rate Is So High in the U.S.?
How Do You Know When It's Time to Divorce?
6 Reasons Long-Term Marriages End in Divorce
How to Recognize Stonewalling in Marriage
31 Reasons Couples Divorce: Do You See Your Marriage Here?
Are Your Divorce Fantasies Normal?
The Sad Truth: These 9 Signs Means Your Spouse Is Cheating.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Two Atlantic Worlds Collide in Arkansas: Spanish Coins from the 1830s Mercantile District in Historic Washington, Arkansas
Author(s): Jamie Brandon
Traditionally, the Atlantic World concept has been used to frame analyses of places on the eastern seaboard of the United States, as the ties with Europe were strongest during the colonial period and clearest along coastline. However, these economic spheres extended their reach well beyond the coastlines and ports. Surprisingly, the interface between two of these Atlantic worlds'the British and Spanish Atlantics'can be found in southwestern Arkansas in the 1830s. During 2011 and 2012 excavations at Historic Washington State Park, in the city's old commercial district, Arkansas Archeological Society members recovered four Spanish coins. These small silver disks, all minted in the late 18th century, evoke the commerce, licit or otherwise, that flowed back and forth between these two worlds.
Two Atlantic Worlds Collide in Arkansas: Spanish Coins from the 1830s Mercantile District in Historic Washington, Arkansas. Jamie Brandon. Presented at Society for Historical Archaeology, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. 2014 ( tDAR id: 436703)
The Revelatory Power of an Artifact in Context •
Society for Historical Archaeology 2014
Contact(s): Society for Historical Archaeology
PaperId(s): SYM-14,01
Society for Historical Archaeology (Quebec City, Quebec, Canada)


Police in combat gear are waiting out a shooter who is holed up in a Trenton home.
Police have been trying to negotiate with a man barricaded in a Trenton home who exchanged gunfire with police, killing one person and injuring three officers.
A Mercer County Prosecutor's Office spokesperson said the shooting occurred as U.S. Marshals on a joint regional fugitive task force attempted to serve an arrest warrant at the home in New Jersey's capital city at around 6:30 a.m. Wednesday.
The officers reportedly entered the house, located in the 300 block of Centre Street in Trenton, just a few blocks away from the Statehouse, and the suspect opened fire.
The injuries of two Mercer County sheriff's officers were described as minor wounds that are not life threatening. A third law enforcement officer who was shot is also reportedly released from a hospital.
It was not clear if the dead person was a bystander or someone involved in the standoff but the victim is not a law enforcement official.
SWAT teams and police have evacuated nearby homes where the barricaded man is holding police at bay, as armored vehicles began taking positions to help keep officers safe.


Toss the iceberg and parsley together and place ⅔ in the base of 2 glass serving dishes. Dry the prawns on a few sheets of kitchen roll.
Mix together the ketchup, mayonnaise, Worcestershire and Tabasco sauces then stir in the prawns.
Spoon the prawn mixture into the serving dishes and top with the remaining lettuce. Finish with a sprinkle with smoked paprika. Serve immediately.


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3:35 p.m. to 4:20 p.m.—NYT bestseller Aprilynne Pike (Wings) Class: World-building is the invisible foundation to your book.
4:30 p.m. to 4:45 p.m.—Writers Cubed: Closing remarks.
If you just can't get enough of TABC, there is also an All Pass Subscription to the rest of the conference (including more than fifteen awesome presentations, including mine--haha). That only costs $9.99 and, as if it wasn't a sweet enough deal already, you can watch the whole conference whenever you want for an entire year.
Stay tuned for details on how to win a subscription to the TABC Live Broadcast for FREE on this blog.
Today, you can win a free subscription to the TABC Live Broadcast. ($4.99 vallue) OR if you would like to upgrade to the All-Pass subscription, you will receive a $5 off coupon to the cost of an all-pass ($10 value). Fill out the fancy doo-hickey to be officially entered.
Lois D. Brown is a co-founder of Writers Cubed, a group of Utah writing activists who created the Teen Author Boot Camp in 2010. She is also the author of CYCLES, a top five finalist of The Kindle Book Review 2012. Please visit her website at www.writerscubed.com.


text:
Fourth World refers to a sub-population subjected to social exclusion in global society, or stateless and notably impoverished or marginalized nations.

Fourth World may also refer to:

 Fourth World (band), Brazilian musical group
 Fourth World (album), by the Brazilian group Fourth World, 1993
 Fourth World, Vol. 1: Possible Musics, album by Jon Hassell and Brian Eno, 1980
 Fourth World (comics), created by Jack Kirby at DC Comics in the early 1970s
 Fourth World trilogy of novels by Kate Thompson
 The Fourth World (album), debut album by Maroon 5
 The Fourth World (novel) by Dennis Danvers

See also
 The fourth part of the world (disambiguation)
 First World
 Second World
 Third World
 Fifth World (disambiguation)
 Sixth World
 Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation
 Developing countries

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Our IDPH General Standards Study Exam doesn't just test your knowledge but also provides training on the test material. The official exam sometimes has a 50% pass rate - make sure you pass it the first time by using our study exam.
Unlike a traditional exam, where you don't find out what you got right or wrong until the end, this exam gives you feedback as soon as you answer each question. And it doesn't just give you the right answer, instead you'll get detailed explanations as to which answer is correct and why.
One of the worst parts about taking an exam is that you don't find out what you got wrong or why. With our study exam, you not only get the answers but also the reason behind the correct answer. It's like having your own personal trainer for the exam!
Use this exam along with the official study material to help focus your training and ensure that you understood the key concepts in the material.
*Note: when I took the Official IDPH Practice Exam, I found its questions to be easier than the IDPH General Standards Exam. The official practice exam is still a good tool for studying, just be cautious that it does not give you a false sense of readiness. You will find our Study Exam better prepares you for passing and is a more realistic simulation of the real exam.
This means that you still need to register for and pass the official General Standards exam with the IDPH.
By signing up for this class, you agree to our Terms and Use Policy and Refunds and Returns Policy. We are not associated with or sponsored by the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH).


text:
Q: load over 1M rows to PrimeNG table i am using PrimeNg table, and trying to figure how to use the LazyLoad event, in order to load each time X of rows,
HTML

  <ng-template pTemplate="caption">

      <button type="button" pButton iconPos="left" label="All Data" (click)="dt.exportCSV()" style="float:left"></button>

  </ng-template>
  <ng-template pTemplate="header" let-columns>

        {{col.header}}

  </ng-template>
  <ng-template pTemplate="body" let-worker>

      {{worker.firstName}}
      {{worker.lastName}}
      {{worker.gender}}
      {{worker.salary | number: '.2'}}
      {{worker.dateOfBirth}}

  </ng-template>

TS
loadLazy(event: LazyLoadEvent) {
    this.loading = true;
  //event.first = First row offset
  //event.rows = Number of rows per page

    var page = (event.first / this.pageSize) + 1;
    this.getData(event.first, event.rows)
}

getData(first, rows) {
debugger;
this._srv.getEmployees().subscribe(data => {
  this.workers = data.slice(first, (first + rows));
  this.loading = false;
    console.log(JSON.stringify(this.workers));
  }, error => {
    console.log('error:', JSON.stringify(error));
  }, () => {
    console.log('Completed getting data.')
  });
}

SQL
PROCEDURE [dbo].[Pagination]
    -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here
    @pageNumber INT = 1  ,  -- default to 1
    @RowsPerPage INT = 10   -- default to 10
AS
BEGIN
    SELECT  *
    FROM    [Workers]
    ORDER BY Id
            OFFSET ( ( @pageNumber - 1 ) * @RowsPerPage ) ROWS
                 FETCH NEXT @RowsPerPage ROWS ONLY;
END

The are over 1M records exist in "Workers" table and they are arriving fine,
why is the pagination is set to only 1 page?
if i want the real number of pages appear- i then need to load all the rows- thing that will take time, or even "break" the app?
How can I query for x pages on each time the user clicks on page in the pagination + to show the actual number of pages + display a label that show total number of records?

A: I can't see "totalRecords" variable, but you have to set it.
If pageSize is 10 and you're showing 10 records, paginator will be set to 1.
If you set "totalRercords=1M", paginator will be set to 1M/10;


The fairytale kingdom of King Florestan.
King Florestan XIV and his Queen host a grand christening ceremony for the birth of their first child, Princess Aurora. Six fairies are invited to the ceremony to bestow gifts on the child. The most powerful fairy, the Lilac Fairy, arrives with her entourage, but before she can bestow her gift, the palace grows dark. With a clap of thunder, the evil fairy Carabosse arrives with her minions. Furious that she was not invited to the christening, Carabosse places a curse upon the baby princess: Aurora will grow up to be a beautiful, virtuous and delightful young lady, but on her sixteenth birthday she will prick her finger on a spindle and die. However, the Lilac Fairy intervenes. Though she cannot completely undo the curse, she alters it, allowing the princess to merely sleep peacefully for 100 years. At the end of those 100 years, she will be woken by the kiss of a handsome prince. Relieved that Aurora's life will ultimately be spared, the court is set at ease.
Princess Aurora's coming-of-age has arrived. Guests from across the kingdom arrive to pay their respects, including four cavaliers who propose to the Princess, but she remains uninterested in their offers. An old woman appears and gives Aurora a bouquet of flowers with a spindle hidden among them. As she dances with the flowers, the Princess pricks her finger. Frightened, everybody rushes to her aid, but it is too late. Aurora feels the life leaving her and falls to the ground. The old woman throws off her cloak and reveals herself to be the fairy Carabosse. The cavaliers chase her but she vanishes as the entire kingdom falls into a deep sleep.
One hundred years later, Prince Desire is hunting in the forest with his entourage, who are entertaining themselves by dancing. Despite their efforts to cheer him, the Prince is unhappy and sends everybody away. After the hunting party leaves, the Lilac Fairy appears and shows the Prince a vision of the beautiful Aurora. The Prince falls instantly falls in love with her.
The Lilac Fairy shows the Prince the way to the enchanted kingdom. Everyone there is still deep in sleep… except for the wicked Carabosse. She blocks the Prince's path to the enchanted kingdom, but her evil charms are useless against the Prince, and she disappears. At last, the Prince sees the Sleeping Beauty – Aurora. He gives her a gentle kiss and she awakens from her long sleep, along with the entire kingdom. Prince Desire proposes to Aurora and she joyously gives her consent.
The wedding of Princess Aurora to Prince Desire is attended by characters from many fairytales, including Princess Florine and the Bluebird, the Tomcat and the Pussycat, and the Wolf and Little Red Riding Hood. The Lilac Fairy blesses the marriage of the happy bride and groom.


text:
See also World-first autonomous road train project steps up a gear in WA
The Medical Genius of Gold
By day it's an internationally admired treasure. By night it's the ninja of the metal world undertaking complex missions, tackling disease and providing valuable solutions in modern technology. Gold it seems has a remarkable CV!
Researchers have found that the unique properties of gold allow the metal to undertake some important roles in science and medicine, including the delivery of vital drugs into the human body.
Here's the science…
Gold is a very stable metal, providing the perfect scaffolding for other materials to attach themselves too. Researchers found that they could introduce hormones, antibodies, and biological materials into the body by coating them around gold particles. The amount of gold we're talking about is tiny, leading to its name, nanogold. Nanogold is a particle so small that it has to be measured in nanometres. To put it in perspective, one nanometre is equal to one one-billionth of a metre!
Chris Kiely from Nanocharacterization Laboratory in Lehigh's Center for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology explains more:
"Normal bulk gold is shiny, it is gold in colour, it is inert, and it conducts electricity…
If, however, you shrink gold down to a nanoparticle, its properties change dramatically. Its colour changes, it becomes a very good catalyst, and is no longer a metal – instead it turns into a semiconductor."
Why is nanogold so effective?
Gold nanoparticles are seen to be a safe way of delivering drugs, as they do not disrupt human cells. Cell walls are designed to be good at protecting their contents, yet coated nanogold can cross cell membranes without damaging walls or totally destroying the cell. Sneaky. As a bonus, the particles close up their VIP entrance behind them, meaning the contents of the cell do not escape into the rest of the body.
See also Could going back-to-the-future help decarbonise mining exports?
The potential for this new cell access is huge, for example, gold particles are good at capturing x-rays, so they could be used to penetrate cancer cells. After being blasted with x-rays they could destroy the cells from within.
The versatility of gold nanoparticles
Gold does not just have 'medical genius' tagged to its LinkedIn profile, it is being used in other industries too. Researchers have coated gold particles with DNA and injected them into plant embryos to enhance plant plastids, which are responsible for essential life processes like photo syntheses and food storage.
The value of gold travels far beyond the everyday uses as seen on the surface. JRR Tolkien summarises the extraordinary effects of gold that are not so obvious:
"All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost; The old that is strong does not wither, deep roots are not reached by the frost."
You've probably never seen a mine like this before
From Science Fiction to Reality
A Connected Home
Lithium: The Rock Star Resource
Harry Butler: The Original Conservationist


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text:
20 Podcasts Like Can't Sell This
20 Podcasts Like Can't Sell This public [dynamic 0]
Can't get enough of Can't Sell This? Then we think you'll love these podcasts too. Here are twenty of the very best podcasts similar to Can't Sell This you can binge on right now. Do let us know if we missed one! (updated January&nbsp2020)
Can't get enough of Can't Sell This? Then we think you'll love these podcasts too. Here are twenty of the very best podcasts similar to Can't Sell This you can binge on right now. Do let us know if we missed one!
Kevin in the Morning with Allie & Jensen on KROQ
Bits and segments from Kevin in the Morning with Allie & Jensen.
Getting Doug with High
Doug Benson, of the "Doug Loves Movies" podcast, and "Super High Me," hosts a talk show where each week he and his guest will get super you-know-what. And then anything can happen. Probably some giggling. Go to YouTube.com/DougBenson for new shows - audio episodes will release here the day after it goes live. C'mon, let's get Doug!
Slate's Spoiler Specials
On Slate's Spoiler Specials, Slate critics, such as Dana Stevens and Willa Paskin, discuss new movies and TV shows in spoiler-filled detail. We dissect twist endings, plot holes, and other secrets you won't read in reviews. WARNING: This podcast contains spoilers (duh).
Radio 1's Scott Mills Daily Podcast
Scott & Chris entertain the nation – The podcast that walks the line between the funny, awkward and outrageous.
Hamish & Andy
"Hamish & Andy" is a podcast that began its life as a band of three men, travelling from village to village in the 1700s, asking locals to gather round to listen as they discussed big issues of the times and provided light refreshments. The advent of The Internet saw the podcast's audience skyrocket, and now that we're well into the 2000s the podcast is heard in dozens of countries worldwide, although due to logistical reasons, the listeners must now provide light refreshments for themselves.
The Comic's Comic Presents Last Things First
Asking comedians about the historic lasts and firsts in their lives as their comedy careers have blossomed.
World Spirituality
Our planet is becoming a global village, yet enormous differences remain in culture and spiritual tradition—differences that can lead to misunderstanding, hatred, and war. Host Paul John Roach and his guests explore the unity and common values shared within all cultures and faith traditions.
Will and Mango have lots of questions. Will we ever live without sleep? How do rats keep outsmarting humans? Where are the sunniest tax havens to hide your money? Join these Part-Time Geniuses as they dive into ridiculous topics... and discover some pretty smart stuff along the way.
Backseat Rider
Journalist Anthony Ponce goes from the bright lights of a major news network to behind the wheel of a ride-share car, bringing you the real life stories of his passengers. From businessmen and baristas to strippers and students... hear the unique worldviews of people from all walks of life, as Anthony and his riders navigate the streets of Chicago. (interviews are recorded with full knowledge and consent).
Stuff Mom Never Told You
Join hosts Anney and Samantha to listen to Stuff Mom Never Told You, continuing the conversation of what it is to identify as female through research-based discussion around feminism and how it impacts everyday life. New episodes come out Wednesday and Friday.
Post Show Recaps: TV Podcasts | Rob Cesternino & Josh Wigler
When your favorite show ends, we're just getting started. LIVE interactive podcasts take place on Youtube, right after the episode ends of shows like THE WALKING DEAD, GAME OF THRONES & More. Post Show Recaps features Rob Cesternino from Rob Has a Podcast and Josh Wigler
Who Charted?
Howard Kremer brings on some of your favorite comedians to discuss the top 5 songs and movies of the week. Plus, Howard, the guests and Who Charted crew each bring a new song that they recommend over all the garbage on the charts. Looking for the archives? All episodes older than 6 months can be found exclusively on Stitcher Premium, ad-free. Go to stitcher.com/premium and use promo code EARWOLF for 1 month free (and $5 off the annual plan!)
Soul Search
Soul Search explores contemporary religion and spirituality from the inside out — what we believe, how we express it, and the difference it makes in our lives
Reflections from a faith perspective on issues and people in the news.
Benjamen Walker's Theory of Everything
Personally connecting the dots. All of them. Benjamen Walker's Theory of Everything is a proud member of Radiotopia, from PRX. Learn more at radiotopia.fm.
Willow Creek Community Church Midweek Podcast
Growing as a follower of Christ isn't measured by how much of God's Word you know; it's measured by how you live out your faith in your relationships, day-in and day-out. Midweek is all about helping you engage with God holistically—in every relationship in your life.


text:
Expendables (role-playing game)
Tabletop role-playing game
Role-playing video game
Mathematical game
Simulation video game
Expendables is a role-playing game published by Stellar Games in 1987.
Expendables is a science-fiction space-adventure system. The PCs are "expendables," agents of an interstellar megacorporation, and their job is exploring newly discovered planets. The rules cover character creation, skills, combat, equipment, vehicles, the interstellar background, information for the GM, and planet and creature generation. Characters are one of six types of "specialists," each of which have different skill lists.
Expendables was designed by L. Lee Cerny, Walter H. Mytczynskyj, and Michael A. Thomas, and published by Stellar Games in 1987 as a 88-page book.
Lawrence Schick notes that "Expendables is perhaps the only RPG with a specific skill listing for proctology."
White Wolf Magazine (Issue 10 - 1988)
Challenge #42 (Feb./March, 1990)
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Expendables_(role-playing_game)
A tabletop role-playing game, pen-and-paper role-playing game, or table-talk role-playing game is a form of role-playing game (RPG) in which the participants describe their characters' actions through speech. Participants determine the actions of their characters based on their characterization, and the actions succeed or fail according to a formal system of rules and guidelines. Within the rules, players have the freedom to improvise; their choices shape the direction and outcome of the game.
Unlike other types of role-playing game, tabletop RPGs are often conducted like radio drama: only the spoken component of a role is acted. This acting is not always literal, and players do not always speak exclusively in-character. Instead, players act out their role by deciding and describing what actions their characters will take within the rules of the game. In most games, a specially designated player called the game master (GM) also known as DM (dungeon master) creates a setting in which each player plays the role of a single character. The GM describes the game world and its inhabitants; the other players describe the intended actions of their characters, and the GM describes the outcomes. Some outcomes are determined by the game system, and some are chosen by the GM.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Tabletop_role-playing_game
A role-playing video game (commonly referred to as role-playing game or RPG, and in the past was also known as computer role-playing game or CRPG) is a video game genre where the player controls the actions of a main character (or several adventuring party members) immersed in some well-defined world. Many role-playing video games have origins in pen-and-paper role-playing games (such as Dungeons & Dragons) and use much of the same terminology, settings and game mechanics. Other major similarities with pen-and-paper games include developed story-telling and narrative elements, player character development, complexity, as well as replayability and immersion. The electronic medium removes the necessity for a gamemaster and increases combat resolution speed. RPGs have evolved from simple text-based console-window games into visually rich 3D experiences.
Role-playing video games use much of the same terminology, settings and game mechanics as early pen-and-paper role-playing games such as Dungeons & Dragons. Players control a central game character, or multiple game characters, usually called a party, and attain victory by completing a series of quests or reaching the conclusion of a central storyline. Players explore a game world, while solving puzzles and engaging in tactical combat. A key feature of the genre is that characters grow in power and abilities, and characters are typically designed by the player. RPGs rarely challenge a player's physical coordination or reaction time, with the exception of action role-playing games.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Role-playing_video_game
A mathematical game is a game whose rules, strategies, and outcomes are defined by clear mathematical parameters. Often, such games have simple rules and match procedures, such as Tic-tac-toe and Dots and Boxes. Generally, mathematical games need not be conceptually intricate to involve deeper computational underpinnings. For example, even though the rules of Mancala are relatively basic, the game can be rigorously analyzed through the lens of combinatorial game theory.
Mathematical games differ sharply from mathematical puzzles in that mathematical puzzles require specific mathematical expertise to complete, whereas mathematical games do not require a deep knowledge of mathematics to play. Often, the arithmetic core of mathematical games is not readily apparent to players untrained to note the statistical or mathematical aspects.
Some mathematical games are of deep interest in the field of recreational mathematics.
When studying a game's core mathematics, arithmetic theory is generally of higher utility than actively playing or observing the game itself. To analyze a game numerically, it is particularly useful to study the rules of the game insofar as they can yield equations or relevant formulas. This is frequently done to determine winning strategies or to distinguish if the game has a solution.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Mathematical_game
Blaufränkisch (German for blue Frankish) is a dark-skinned variety of grape used for red wine. Blaufränkisch, which is a late-ripening variety, produces red wines which are typically rich in tannin and may exhibit a pronounced spicy character.
The grape is grown across Central Europe, including Austria, Czech Republic (in particular southern Moravia where it is known as Frankovka), Germany, Slovakia (where it is known as Frankovka modrá), Croatia (frankovka), Slovenia (known as modra frankinja), and Italy (Franconia). In Hungary the grape is called Kékfrankos (also lit. blue Frankish) and is grown in a number of wine regions including Sopron, Villány, Szekszárd, and Eger (where it is a major ingredient in the famous red wine blend known as Egri Bikavér (lit. Bull's Blood) having largely replaced the Kadarka grape). It has been called "the Pinot noir of the East" because of its spread and reputation in Eastern Europe. In America this grape is grown in Idaho, Washington State and the Finger Lakes region of New York State, where like in Germany it is known as Lemberger, Blauer Limberger or Blue Limberger.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Blaufränkisch
A simulation video game describes a diverse super-category of video games, generally designed to closely simulate aspects of a real or fictional reality.
A simulation game attempts to copy various activities from real life in the form of a game for various purposes such as training, analysis, or prediction. Usually there are no strictly defined goals in the game, with players instead allowed to freely control a character. Well-known examples are war games, business games, and role play simulation.
From three basic types of strategic, planning, and learning exercises: games, simulations, and case studies, a number of hybrids may be considered, including simulation games that are used as case studies.
Comparisons of the merits of simulation games versus other teaching techniques have been carried out by many researchers and a number of comprehensive reviews have been published.
While many credit simulation games beginning with Will Wright and SimCity in 1989, the true progenitor of the genre was "Fortune Builder", released in 1984 on Colecovision. Certain games such as SimLife and SimEarth were subsequently created and are capable of teaching players the basics of genetics and global ecosystems.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Simulation_video_game
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Latest News for: expendables (role-playing game)
Grades: Gordon Hayward Will Make For A Seamless Celtic
Sports Illustrated 05 Jul 2017
In one scenario, the Celtics are a distant runner-up lucky to scrape a game off of the prohibitive conference favorites ... Now they'll have another shooter to play off of, one who also happens to be a skilled creator in his own right ... In fact, Hayward eclipses the skill sets of enough of the Celtics' role players as to make them more expendable....


text:
Q: UK Lottery Odds Calculation Error I found the probability topic in stats and mechanics to be very interesting, and I attempted to try using it to calculate the odds of winning the UK National Lottery, but failed. My calculation was (1/59*1/58*1/57*1/56*1/55*1/54). The reason was that in the NL there are 6 balls dropped, and the possible outcomes range from 1 to 59. I reasoned that since all 6 need to match, I could assume that each outcome could be treated as an isolated selection, and that my first ball match odds were 1/59 as a result, then if the first ball matches (which it must), the next is 1/58 and so on. The odds I calculated were orders of magnitude less likely than the correct value. What is wrong with my attempt, and why is the correct formula quoted as "59!/(6!*(59-6)!)"?

A: Firstly, note the answer you obtained is $\frac{53!}{59!}$, while the probability you should have obtained is $\frac{53!6!}{59!}$ (you've stated this fraction upside down, where it gives the number of possible outcomes). The reason you're wrong by a factor of $6!$ is because the order in which the numbers fall is irrelevant. This is the combinations-permutations distinction; in technical terms, $\frac{59!}{53!6!}={}^{59}C_6$ while $\frac{59!}{53!}={}^{59}P_6$.


text:
Q: Linked List Insert I want to try  insertion function for linked list. Function holds the record array and link array.for example;
head=0

string[0]="Angel"   linked[0]=1
string[1]="Cesar"   linked[1]=2
string[2]="Eduardo" linked[2]=3
string[3]="Pamela"  linked[3]=-1/*-1 element does not show*/

head is Angel and Angel shows Eduardo.e.g. If you add element Denial,string[4]=Denial linked[4]=2 Denial shows  Eduardo.Attention :---->>string[1]="Cesar"   linked[1]=4 link array is updated.
I am getting some errors in this function.(element can not be added.) a little help
   #define SIZE 10

   int main()
   {
   int linked[SIZE]={3,0,4,-1,1};
   char *str[]={"Ellian","Calanthe","Adela","Gardenia","Barbara",NULL};

   return 0;
   }

   void list(int arr[],int head,int linky[]){
   int adr=head;

   while(adr!=-1){

   puts(arr[adr]);
   adr=linky[adr];

   }

   }

   void insert(int arrr[],int head,int linky[],char element){

   int k,N=0,prev,next;
   for(k=0;arrr[k]<NULL;k++)
   N++;

   arrr[N]=element;

   if(element>arrr[head])
   {
  prev=head;
  next=linky[head];

 while((next!=-1) && (arrr[next]<element)){
 prev=next;
 next=linky[next];
 }

 linky[prev]=N;
 linky[N]=next;

  }
 else{

linky=head;
head=N;

 }
 N++;
 listele(arr,N,linky);

 }

A: You are using your stringarray contents before initializing them, to avoid undefined behaviour change this:
char string[SIZE];

to this:
char string[SIZE] = {0};

If you want your string array to start with zeroes inside.
Also notice you are running past the last element of your arrays when you do:
link[size] = ...

as you array is of exactly size elements then the max index you can use is size - 1.

A: replace
#define SIZE 10

by
int size = 10;

and replace
void insert(char str[],int link[],int size,int first)

by
void insert(char str[],int link[],int& size,int& first)

to start of. Still might not work but atleast now the things you do actually do what you want them to do


Meet Genesis Rodriguez -- She's warming up magazine racks all over America this week with her steamy GQ spread.
January isn't looking so cold from where we're standing, since we are standing directly in front of this babe's feature in GQ magazine, including a slideshow of her showing off her perfect bikini bod.
Genesis is currently making news for her upcoming films 'The Last Stand' and 'Identity Thief,' but she's been around for a long time in the world of Spanish film, first appearing in 2004's 'Prisonera.' The daughter of Venezuelan singer and actor José Luis Rodríguez, or 'El Puma,' and Cuban model Carolina Perez, this babe has deep roots in stardom, so it's no surprise that she looks so comfortable on camera.
To read more about her, including why she loves basketball, and which NBA star gives her the chills, check out the full GQ feature.


A fantastic production with and for Grabarz and Partner. CGI and Post Production by Zerone Group. Shot on location in Barcelona in November 2016. Who would have thought that it gets that cold at night in Barcelona? Not me. But I did bring everything from shorts to winter woollies. I always do. Just in case. Has never hurt.


Beset by rising rhetoric about a possible Israeli attack against its nuclear facilities, Iran is seeking full membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization as an additional layer of international diplomatic "life insurance." On 12 November 2011 Iranian Supreme National Security Council's Secretary Assistant Ali Bageri said that Iran is seeking full membership in the SCO, upgrading its current observer status, telling journalists in Moscow, "We have already submitted a relevant application."
Now, Iran has gotten an endorsement from the SCO about the unacceptability of force – sort of.
Pretty impressive accomplishment, given that Iran currently only has "observer" status at the SCO.
Three years ago Moscow was much cooler to Tehran's application. Russian Foreign Ministry Department for Information and Mass Media Deputy Director Andrei Krivtsov commented, "We do not accept any new members of SCO, as no country is seeking to extend the organization for the sake of extension itself. Any talk about an early admittance of Iran to SCO has no grounds."
Iran now has a powerful ally in Russia, which earlier on 6 November 2011 hosted an SCO meeting in Saint Petersburg. The Russian government pushed for both Iran and India being allowed to join SCO. Then Prime Minister Vladimir Putin said, "Russia would welcome the positive review of applications to join our organization in one form or another from any interested nation." NATO member Turkey also has "dialogue partner" status and has also requested full membership.
Even without SCO membership however, Iran has brought the Russian Federation on board as opposing a military strike on Iran, as on 8 November 2011 Russian Federation Foreign Ministry Lavrov commented, "there is no military solution to the Iranian nuclear problem as there is no military solution to any other problem in the modern world."
China is currently Iran's largest oil export mark, and has steadfastly rejected sanctions. China continues to invest in an Iran steadily drained of Western investment and Iran is the fourth-largest recipient of Chinese non-bond investment, which a military strike would put at risk. Iranian SCO membership would place the Sino-Iranian relationship in a position to undermine U.S. attempts to isolate Iran.
Iran's interest in joining the SCO and CSTO is lacking a crucial element – time. Neither Moscow nor Beijing are known for making snap decisions, with the result that Tehran may soon find itself overtaken by events. That said, having Russia and China in your corner arguing against military action is no small consideration, either in Tel Aviv or Washington.
But Iran's interest in CSTO and SCO are hardly a minor policy wonk exercise, as between Russia, Kazakhstan (both non-OPEC producers) and Iran, the trio account for nearly 20 percent of the world's oil output, which could be offlined to the global community should it embark on "reckless adventureism," to use a piquant Soviet term.
This thing about Iran joining the SCO is an almost 'beside the point' issue.
Iran is defended by some serious Russian anti-aircraft defence systems. There are probably Russian technicians and training personnel in Iran, equally probably some Speznaz. Therev may even be Russian nuclear techs/scientists at Bushehr etc.
China may have technical personnel in Iran. It is rumoured that the US drone was brought down by a Chinese technical team, not Iranians. (Its funny how the West always attempts to paint the Iranians almost as a primitive Moslem country without scientific accomplishment-quite a pathetic attitude really).
So if the West does go lunatic and attack Iran not only is the striking force likely to get a bloody nose from Russian supplied hardware, but it may even succeed in killing Russians and Chinese, which would create a hell of a stink.
This membership of the SCO is merely a way to 'rubber stamp' a situation of informal cooperation and assistance goimng back to the Soviet era (it is rumoured that Khomeinei was actually very pro-Soviet and that indeed the KGB had a hand in getting him from Paris to Tehran).
They should expect Deaths .It makes me sick reading these comment, , everyone hates America Untill they have a national tradegy and when that happens ,it's amercia spending it's wealth n it's citizens blood to help.
Anyone who has studied the attack on the USS Liberty during the Six Day War will almost certainly not put anything past Israel. It behaves like an acolyte of the school bully: "Touch me and my friend, the school bully, will make you regret it!" How else does one explain the fact that Israel is not only allowed nuclear weapons, it is also allowed to dictate which other nations can have them?
There is an Axis of Evil and we may all live to regret allowing it to continue in existence.


MORE than 160 business leaders attended three unique workshops for freelancers delivering more than £1.5 million of business growth across the North West.
The Brookson Enterprise Freelance Fair, with events in Cheshire, the Wirral and Manchester, delivered more than 670 sector-tailored one-to-one business meetings for attendees. The events were organised by Chester businessman Neil Lewis, who has more than 20 years' experience in business investment and start-ups.
Neil, who is the author of bestselling 100 Rules for Entrepreneurs: Real-Life Business Lessons, said: "The number of freelancers in the UK is set to grow rapidly. In IT, for example, nearly 40% of jobs advertised are for freelancers and more than 50% of businesses say they intend to increase their use of freelancers. Media and marketing are expected to show the same trends.
"After analysing feedback from the Freelance Fairs, three out of four attendees were confident of doing business as a result of the event and 100% of attendees were confident that they had found at least three hot new business contacts. We are delighted that we have successfully introduced talented local freelancers to businesses and entrepreneurs who need skills and experience on a freelance and project basis.