Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) is a homogeneous, highly specific and sensitive immunohistochemical tool that couples the specificity of ELISA with the sensitivity of PCR. The technique was developed by Fredriksson and colleagues in 2002 and has been shown to overcome the difficulties that arise when attempting to visualize and study single proteins, protein–protein interactions and post translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, acetylation and glycosylation. PLA can be used in advanced protein applications and diverse samples such as biological samples, cell lines and fresh, frozen or formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues. It is also a particularly useful technique to elucidate how cells function in health and disease.
Enhanced selectivity for this technique comes from the utilization of a pair of DNA proximity probes, each composed of a specific antibody linked to a high affinity oligonucleotide (Ab–Oligo), which simultaneously binds to different epitopes of the same protein, or to two proteins in a complex, thereby converting them to DNA molecules for downstream quantification.
Two different methods exist for Proximity Ligation Assay – direct and indirect, but either method uses antibodies raised in different species (see Figure 1.). The direct primary method uses Ab–Oligo conjugates and the indirect method uses unmodified primary antibodies that are detected with secondary Ab–Oligo conjugates. The technique can use either monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies, or a combination of both.
Figure 1. Direct and indirect PLA techniques. The direct method uses antibody pairs with primary conjugation and the indirect method uses secondary antibody conjugates.
For either method, additional 'connector' oligonucleotides are introduced, which recognise and bind to the free ends of the two Ab–Oligo conjugates and are subsequently brought into close proximity (30–40nm apart), where they become ligated by DNA ligase. This enzymatic ligation joins the 3' end of the first probe with the 5' end of the second probe, resulting in the formation of a unique target DNA reporter strand (molecule) that is a surrogate marker for the specific protein to be detected, and which contains specific molecular barcodes. These strands participate in rolling circle amplification (RCA) to amplify the product for quantification by real time PCR.
Homogenous Proximity Ligation Assay is suitable for the quantitation of low concentrations of protein molecules in a small homogenous solution, reaching femtomolar detection sensitivity. This method of PLA is performed in three steps, with no wash step required. Briefly, the target antigen is incubated with two proximity probes (3' and 5') that bind to adjacent epitopes on the target antigen, and a connector oligonucleotide (~20 bps), which hybridizes to both probes. The DNA molecule generated is amplified, detected and quantitated by real time PCR. As the connector oligo is added in molar excess, free proximity probes are blocked from further hybridization, resulting in low background noise. The added advantage of homogenous PLA is that a solid support is not required to immobilize the target protein.
Solid Phase Proximity Ligation Assay is an alternative methodology to homogenous PLA and utilizes a capture antibody to immobilize a target protein onto a solid phase, providing some advantages such as investigation of larger sample sets. The sample is combined with a capture antibody and incubated with the proximity probes. Thus, the target antigen is sandwiched between the proximity probes and the capture antibody. Ligation and quantitative PCR (qPCR) are conducted following wash steps. One advantage of solid phase PLA is the elimination of extensive, carefully controlled wash steps, as required for other solid phase assays such as ELISA. Immobilization of the protein on a solid support can serve to purify and concentrate the samples, especially those that contain constituents that may inhibit ligation or amplification, or where the concentration of analyte is extremely low. The wash step may also remove unbound probes prior to ligation, which would otherwise result in nonspecific probe ligation.
In situ PLA is a third proximity-mediated detection method that can detect and visualize target proteins / protein–protein complexes expressed by fixed cells and on tissue slide sections. As well as using a fixative that is appropriate for the antibodies used in the protocol to fix the cells or tissue, they may sometimes need to be permeabilized. If this step is required, then antigen retrieval and antibody specific blocking must also be performed.
In situ PLA uses RCA to amplify ligation products, generated through the hybridization of two connector oligonucleotides to the two Ab–oligo conjugates. The addition of DNA ligase to this complex anneals the two ends to close the gap, resulting in the formation of a circular, single stranded DNA molecule, with one of the Ab-conjugated DNA molecules serving as a primer for RCA. Further addition of a DNA polymerase leads to the formation of a long DNA product that remains covalently attached to one of the PLA probes, which can be detected via the conjugation moiety.
Potential to multiplex for increased throughput.
Covalent conjugation of oligonucleotides to antibodies can be difficult and time consuming*.
To overcome the complexity of conjugating antibodies to oligonucleotides*, Expedeon offers Thunder-Link® PLUS, an easy to use kit that enables rapid conjugation of antibodies to oligonucleotides, with high recovery of materials and a superior clean-up procedure. The kit is quick and simple to use, overcoming time consuming and lengthy protocols associated with standard conjugation methods.
Fast, only 30 minutes antibody and oligo activation and one hour oligo conjugation.
Figure 2. The Thunder-Link® PLUS conjugation process. The Ab–Oligo conjugation protocol consists of three main steps: activation of both the antibody and the oligonucleotide followed by desalting, after which the two are mixed and left to incubate overnight. If an unbound oligonucleotide removal step is necessary for the end application, this can be performed the next morning. Following this, the conjugate is ready to use.
ImmunoPCR (iPCR), Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA), Electrochemical Proximity Assay (ECPA), Lateral Flow.
To find out more about this product please click here. We have an expert technical support team that are happy to help, contact us here.
Optimizing your antibody/oligonucleotide conjugates can be time consuming and expensive, especially when using traditional multi-step conjugation techniques. Our antibody/oligonucleotide micro-optimization is a unique service performed by our experienced scientists. We use unique conjugation that can enhance the performance of even the most temperamental of antibodies. To find out more,click here.
Fredriksson, S., Gullberg, M., Jarvius, J., Olsson, C., Pietras, K., Gústafsdóttir, SM., Östman, A., & Landegren, U. Protein detection using proximity dependent DNA ligation assays. Nature Biotechnology. 2002;20(5):473–477. doi:10.1038/nbt0502-473.
Fredriksson, S., Dixon, W., Ji, H., Koong, A. C., Mindrinos, M., & Davis, R. W. Multiplexed protein detection by proximity ligation for cancer biomarker validation. Nature Methods. 2007;4(4), 327–329. doi:10.1038/nmeth1020.
Greenwood, C., Ruff, D., Kirvell, S., Johnson, G., Dhillon, H. S., & Bustin, S. A. (2015). Proximity assays for sensitive quantification of proteins. Biomolecular Detection and Quantification. 2015;4:10–16. doi:10.1016/j.bdq.2015.04.002.
Gustafsdottir, S. M., Schallmeiner, E., Fredriksson, S., Gullberg, M., Söderberg, O., Jarvius, M., & Landegren, U. (2005). Proximity ligation assays for sensitive and specific protein analyses. Analytical Biochemistry. 2005;345(1), 2–9. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2005.01.018.
Leuchowius, K.-J., Weibrecht, I., & Söderberg, O. (2011). In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay for Microscopy and Flow Cytometry. Current Protocols in Cytometry, 56(1), 9.36.1–9.36.15. doi:10.1002/0471142956.cy0936s56.
Proteinatlas.org. (2018). Learn: method proximity ligation assay – The Human Protein Atlas. [online] Available at: https://www.proteinatlas.org/learn/method/proximity+ligation+assay [Accessed September 2018].
Söderberg, O., Gullberg, M., Jarvius, M., Ridderstråle, K., Leuchowius, KJ., Jarvius, J., & Landegren, U. Direct observation of individual endogenous protein complexes in situ by proximity ligation. Nature Methods. 2006;3(12):995–1000.
An enhanced version of Phi29 DNA polymerase yielding 600% more amplified DNA on average when compared to competitors. The perfect choice for isothermal DNA amplification or for any application that requires a high fidelity DNA polymerase, with strong strand displacement capacity.


Join the 2017 Food Wine Conference Committee!
Join us at Planning has started for 2017! We are delighted that many of you have already contacted us wanting to get involved. To make sure that no one falls through the cracks, we designed a sign up form. Let us know where your interests and talents lie and we'll make sure to match you with a job you'll find worthwhile on the committee. We meet once a month by Google Hangout (and sometimes in person, if possible) all year long, with meetings increasing to weekly as the Food Wine Conference gets close.
If you would like to join this fabulous hard-working, creative team and help out with a great food blog conference, please fill out this form and give us your details. And we'll be in touch soon!
We look forward to working with you to make our 5th Food Wine Conference the best one yet!


The Warner House is turning 300 this season!
Older than many towns in New Hampshire, the Warner House is truly a remarkable survivor, narrowly avoiding first the paths of two devastating early-19th-century fires and then its imminent demolition in the early 20th century for a gas station. The museum opens on June 1st! For more information, check out the Calendar of Events. Sign up for our e-newsletter and stay up to date with the latest events!


text:
Q: Getting java exception error while reading xml file I'm trying to read in the xml file provided for the IAM database in order to structure the database. I am using Matlab to read these files in and am using xmlread.
The xml files are well over 1500 and almost all of them are giving the same error:
Java exception occurred:
java.io.FileNotFoundException: http://www.fki.inf.unibe.ch/iamdb/form-metadata.dtd

    at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(Unknown Source)

    at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLEntityManager.setupCurrentEntity(Unknown Source)

    at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLEntityManager.startEntity(Unknown Source)

Here is one of the xml files I am trying to read in: http://pastebin.com/TtQz4ZCV
The not found link at the top is to a 404 page, so it no longer exists and they forgot to fix it.
Is my only option now to manually remove this line from all xml files? or is there an easy fix to read this in?

A: You need to disable external DTD loading for the parser. To accomplish this, you can create a custom DocumentBuilder object, disable the external DTD loading, and pass this as the second input to xmlread.
From the hidden xmlread documentation (visible if you open the file with edit xmlread):
% Advanced use:
%   Note that FILENAME can also be an InputSource, File, or InputStream object
%   DOMNODE = XMLREAD(FILENAME,...,P,...) where P is a DocumentBuilder object
%   DOMNODE = XMLREAD(FILENAME,...,'-validating',...) will create a validating
%             parser if one was not provided.
%   DOMNODE = XMLREAD(FILENAME,...,ER,...) where ER is an EntityResolver will
%             will set the EntityResolver before parsing
%   DOMNODE = XMLREAD(FILENAME,...,EH,...) where EH is an ErrorHandler will
%             will set the ErrorHandler before parsing
%   [DOMNODE,P] = XMLREAD(FILENAME,...) will return a parser suitable for passing
%             back to XMLREAD for future parses.
%

So this ends up looking something like this:
% Create the DocumentBuilder
builder = javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance;

% Disable validation
builder.setFeature('http://apache.org/xml/features/nonvalidating/load-external-dtd', false);

% Read your file
xml = xmlread(filename, builder);

Keep in mind that this could potentially result in your file being parsed incorrectly.
Update
So looking into this a little closer, once we get past the DTD validation failing, the FEX xml2struct doesn't handle the DOCTYPE entry in the XML correctly and tries to process it just like a normal node. You could modify the source of xml2struct to detect this internally:
if node.getNodeType == node.DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE

However, it would probably be easier to just remove all the DOCTYPEs for all of your XML files. The following script should be able to do this.
folder = 'directory/where/all/files/live';

files = dir(fullfile(folder, '*.xml'));

for k = 1:numel(files)
    filename = fullfile(folder, files(k).name);
    fid = fopen(filename, 'rt');
    content = fread(fid, '*char')';
    fclose(fid);

    newcontent = regexprep(content, '\n\s*?<!DOCTYPE.*?(?=\n)', '');

    fout = fopen(filename, 'wt');
    fwrite(fout, newcontent);
    fclose(fout);
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Strangely-Sized Lives
April 4, 2020 June 12, 2020
Edit: This was written way before the Coronavirus pandemic, so uploading this now feels incredibly uncomfortable and bizarre. But now's when I've had the time to edit and upload so. Just pretend like its early January and we're all complaining about how the winter isn't like how it used to be. But no matter how you chose to read this, please stay home.
Okay, I will begin now.
I once asked a teacher of mine why she didn't like Harry Potter. She taught English and the series made my children develop the habit of reading. 11 year me assumed she would. She replied with "It gives children false hope."
I thought that was ridiculous. I don't think any of us really anticipated flying letters in the mail and trail platforms hidden in walls. It was escapism for the average 11 year old, sure, but it was never expectation.
But I do think Harry Potter impacted the way I see things in a very strange way. Harry Potter established my habit of reading, which then snowballed to something much more significant than just a habit.
I was obsessed with reading things. But here's the thing with reading things: you'll only read what you think is worth reading. It's not a very extravagant or disorienting realisation. You'll only read what you think is worth reading. Seems like something that's almost a waste of thought.
But then how do you define what's worth reading? It has to be unique, different, interesting and mesmerising. It has to be extraordinary and intricate.
And therein lies the problem, at least for me. When you're exposed to so much interesting, unique mesmerising and unique, your life pales in comparison. And I realise that literature isn't a model for life, but they are some kinds of possibilities?
I don't expect to be able to teleport using chimneys, but you want the thrill of living in such a world.
Interesting, mesmerising unique and different tell the stories of such people and such lives. There's a certain, dare I say, fullness or bigness to them that I can't help but be jealous of.
I wouldn't really classify my life as drab or dull or uninteresting. To say so would be a gross understatement of the privilege that I was born with. But would I read a book about my life? Would I consider it worth reading? It is mesmerising, unique, different and interesting enough?
Furthermore, my fascination with reading about history and reading about historical figures has made this worse. On some level, there's an impossibility to narratives about being sent to secret schools, but is there an impossibility to being the wife of a military general?
Josephine Bonaparte, Mary Seacole, Cheng I Sao. So many more cool people. They perhaps all didn't go down in history like their contemporaries did and neither did they change history like them. Ref – Josephine, wife of fucking Napoleon. But her life story is beguiling. Maybe not that much. But it is. So full of terrible tragedies and grand glories. There's a bigness to it. A bigness I've begun to envy.
But I do see the grievances with using the word "big". One would connote it with money, fame, glory. I did just refer to a very powerful empress. While I do see the value in money, fame and glory, they're not what I'm exactly in search of. I want density and intensity to my life. I want the high highs and the low lows.
Very big cringe alert, but I'm sorry. I think this is perhaps why I, despite all my dislike, rewatch the occasional Gossip Girl episode. A very despicable show, but somehow so enjoyable. I think I go back to it because I'm in awe of these very stupid characters and their big, dense and intense lives. There's so much that happens. I don't want that life, but I want something from a similar mould. Their lives are much more possible and plausible than being "the chosen one". Of course, wanting to be from a similar mould contradicts my previous point of not wanting money, fame and glory. But on some very sad level of truth, I do realise that for one to have such a life and to sustain in it, you must be of privilege.
On second thoughts, I'm also wondering whether this is why I like Melodrama so much. It's full of these very emotional highs and lows. But there again rises the point of money, fame and glory.
What I think I'm trying to say its that I have been charmed by Harry Potter in harbouring false hope. Not hope of learning potions to kill, but that the life I'll live must be worth reading about. It must be unique, mesmerising, interesting and different enough.
And right now, my theory is that this comes from having strange dense and intense lives.
And I realise how incredibly privilege it sounds. I must sound like a brat in all of this. A fully-fed baby crying out for more. But I'm incredibly grateful for all that I have. I don't think that I have a bad or boring life. I think it is beautiful. But there's a sense of normalcy to it, and I don't think I want to float down life in this river of average, ordinary existence. In terms of unique, different, mesmerising and interesting, I want to be and live more than the bare minimum.
But I often feel like my disposition is what is holding me back. That I'm being given these opportunities, but I'm stopping myself. I'm too afraid, too anxious. I overthink far too much. Always pulling myself back, I'm too scared to push myself.
And here's where I reach my incomplete conclusion – the true signature of my writing. I mean, this wasn't a short story anyway. It's not my biography yet. It's me deciding what kind of life I want myself to live. And I think, at the back of my head, I know all that I want.
le fin.
cover image: https://weheartit.com/entry/342162710
Thoughts and Discussions
growing older
Contact and Connection Previous
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We,as Africa Silks strive every day to produce beautiful, unique and special products. We aim at creating our products with passion and love.We not only want to produce beautiful products but we want each and every person's creative talent to shine out in the products they produce.
All employees that produce products for Africa Silks has free reign to embrace their creative side and design what they see as beautiful.We feel that the beauty of hand-crafted products is lost when being governed by rules.Please have a look at the video to see how the production occurs at Africa Silks as it is unique to our business alone.
We specialise in the art of weaving and spinning in the old-fashioned style.All our woven products are produced from spun silk made from the cocoon into a final product.We carry pride in our products, not only because they are hand-made and unique but because we farm ethically and allow the worm to continue on its natural course of life before using the silk.


Add ten custom maps to Age of Mythology.
Add a skin to Unreal Tournament 2003.
Add a C&C Generals map based on Mogadishu.
Enhance planes' guns with this mod for Battlefield 1942.
Add the Swamp map to C&C Generals.
Add a map modeled on the San Francisco Bay area.
Add a Madness City 2 map with new races and sky textures to your Midtown Madness 2 game.
Add the Battle Arena map to C&C Generals.


These were used in medievil torture, on people, when others wanted to get imformation from them. They worked by placing the thumbs into a vice like device like the one above , then the handle would slowly be turned and pressure was put onto the thumbs squashing them. Sometimes there was sharp pointy bits in them that punctured the nail beds, adding to the painful experience.
i think that it would not be a nice thing to have done , and i guess that i value my hands to much to crave Master trying them on me ......however i can see where they would appeal to His sadistic side.


text:
Email: Contact@goodcopbadcriminal.com
Free Chapter
Other Good Books
Current Crime News
Nevada Trio Tortures Neighbor for Hours Before Killing Him at Abandoned Roadside Attraction: Cops
prisonassist
Nevada prosecutors are considering seeking the death penalty for at least one of the three people accused of torturing a neighbor for hours before forcing him to walk off a cliff and then shooting him with a shotgun.
Roy Jaggers, 27, was found dead on August 1 at the bottom of a cliff in Cathedral Canyon, an abandoned '70s and '80s roadside attraction in Nye County, the Las Vegas Review Journal reported.
Within 36 hours, investigators had arrested 27-year-old Heather Pate, her 36-year-old boyfriend Kevin Dent, and her 37-year-old former boyfriend Brad Mehn. Mehn has been accused of shooting Jaggers multiple times after he went off the cliff, police said — an autopsy found that Jaggers' cause of death was multple gunshot wounds. Mehn's attorney told the newspaper that prosecutors were considering capital punishment for his client.
Pate and Dent are accused of luring Jaggers to her home, the Nye County Sheriff's Office said, because they believed Jaggers had hurt one of Pate's sons.
Prior to his death, the trio tortured Jaggers with a blowtorch, knives, a baton, and an axe. Additionally, they stripped him naked before sending him off the cliff.
Jaggers' parents, Kassy Robinson and Jerry Jaggers, told the Review Journal the last time they spoke with their son was an July 31, when he called his father to chat. Two hours later, police said, he was lured to Pate's home.
"How can you do that to another human being?" Jerry Jaggers said.
Robinson declined to speak about specifics of the case, particularly what might have let the trio to murder her son, but she and Roy's father said that he was kind and loving and would not hurt anyone.
"I know exactly what he was like, what he's capable of, what he's not capable of," Robinson said.
Court records reveal that Pate has been in a heated custody battled with the father of her sons, who are 3 and 4 years old. The father filed for primary custody after Pate's arrest, saying in court documents that the children witnessed at least some of the torture inflicted on Jaggers, who had at times been their babysitter.
"There are video recordings of the crimes being committed, and as disturbing as that is, it is much more disturbing that in one video recording, the children are seen entering the room while the defendant/mother and her criminal co-defendants were committing various physical, criminal acts against the deceased of the criminal action," according to the court filing.
From Pate's home, court documents say, she and Dent handcuffed Jaggers and forced him into her car, then drove to a shooting range in Pahrump, where they met up with Mehn. The three drove the victim to Cathedral Canyon, about 25 miles away, and tormented him at multiple locations at the site.
Jaggers' body was found just before 6:30 a.m. the next day.
Pate, Dent, and Mehn are being held at the Nye County Detention Center without bail.
For the latest true crime and justice news, subscribe to the 'Crime Stories with Nancy Grace' podcast
[Featured image: Roy Jaggers]
Nevada Myths and Legends: The True Stories behind History's Mysteries (Myths and Mysteries Series)
Criminal criminals justice law Life after prison Prison punishment redemption reentry
Store Clerk Still Missing Days After Vanishing While Taking Trash to Dumpster: Police
Transit Leader Dies After Stepping in Front of Train in Shocking Suicide
MISSING: Michigan Teen Girl Hasn't Been Seen in Over Two Weeks
Adult Family Member Repeatedly Sexually Assaults 13-year-old Child, 'Beginning when she was 8': Police
VIDEO: Judge Humiliates Elderly Cancer Patient Whose Treatment Prevented Him from Maintaining His Yard
realmadrid on Gabby Petito Crime Scene Photos Show Unusual Markings, Fire Pit: Report
ted on Human Remains Found in Hunt for Ex-NFL Player's Missing Girlfriend
Mei on BREAKING: Convicted Wife Killer Scott Peterson to Remain in Prison for Life
Bobait Log on What We Know About the 3 Protesters Shot by Kyle Rittenhouse
Ricardo 87 on Crime Stories with Nancy Grace: Boyfriend Brian Laundrie Goes on Camping Trip With Parents After Gabby Reported Missing
Join Gary as he takes you on a riveting journey of one man's life from both sides of the law. Part heart wrenching memoir and part moral philosophy lesson, this book is an essential read for anyone who ever wondered what it was like to be in prison or work as a police officer. With poignant analyses and insider knowledge into prisons and policing debates, Good Cop Bad Criminal will forever change your perspective about crime & punishment.
The Innocence Project
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Cop in the Hood
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Crime Stories with Nancy Grace: Boyfriend Brian Laundrie Goes on Camping Trip With Parents After Gabby Reported Missing
Gabby Petito Crime Scene Photos Show Unusual Markings, Fire Pit: Report
What We Know About the 3 Protesters Shot by Kyle Rittenhouse
Created by FairOaksDigital.com, 2020


text:
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ULMA drainage channels at Beauval Zoo- France
Ranked among the 10 best zoos in the world, the Beauval Zoo has the greatest diversity of animals in France, and one of the largest collections in France and Europe.
ULMA Architectural Solutions has installed its polymer concrete drainage channels at the Beauval Zoo Hotel. Beauval Zoo is a French zoo located in the town of Saint-Aignan, in the Centre-Val de Loire region. It has more than 8,000 animals on 35 hectares, one of the largest collections of animals in France and Europe. With more than 900,000 visitors per year, it is also one of the five most visited zoos in France and one of the busiest conventional private zoos..
8 locking points: great stability and load distribution
The trench drain installed at the Beauval Zoo Hotel is the F300K000R from the F system, with a width of 300 mm and a height of 300 mm, with galvanized steel edges for lateral protection. The grating supplied was the FNX300FTDM made of ductile cast iron designed for strength class D400 according to standard EN1433.
We can highlight that the F range of drainage channels has an 8-point locking system that provides greater stability and resistance to our solutions in D400.
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text:
The Regional Council
The regional council will fulfill the following responsibilities as outlined in The Manual, 2023 Section C.2 (see pages 76‐80).
Delegation of Responsibilities
Appendix A reflecting Section C.2 of The Manual, 2023 (see pages 76‐80).
Responsibilities are assigned to:
Regional Council (full meeting of the region): RC
Executive: EX
Covenant Commission: CC
Human Resources Commission: HR
Mission and Discipleship Commission: M&D
Please note the following responsibilities as outlined in sections G, H, I and J of The Manual, 2023.
Section G: Any references to the regional council in Section G are the responsibility of the Covenant Commission;
Section H: Any references to the regional council in Section H are the responsibility of the full regional council;
Section I: Any references to the regional council in Section I are the responsibility of the Human Resources Commission, with the exceptions of I.1.3.2a), I.1.4.1 concerning community of faith profiles which are delegated to the Covenant Commission;
Section J: Any references to the regional council in Section J are the responsibility of the Regional Council Executive.
In some cases, two bodies share responsibility for the effective fulfillment of The Manual, 2023 requirements.
President *4 year term in total: serving as President‐Elect for 1 (one) year;
President for 2 (two) years, Past‐President for 1 (one) year
The Regional Council will elect a President for a two‐year term. The President will:
a) Preside at the communion table and business table of the region and its Executive;
b) Serve as the spiritual leader for the region, offer a theme and vision for the region;
c) Serve, along with the Executive Minister, as the official representative of the region;
d) Strive to inspire the members of the Regional Council and its communities of faith toward health, joy and excellence;
During the two‐year term as President, the President will receive a personal honorarium. The home community of faith of the President will receive an honorarium.
During the one‐year term as Past‐President, the Past‐President will receive a personal honorarium. The home community of faith of the Past‐President will receive an honorarium.
Travel expenses of the President, President‐Elect and Past‐President associated with the fulfillment of their roles will be reimbursed.
The Regional Council will elect a Treasurer for a three‐year term, renewable once. The Treasurer will::
a) Serve as one of the signing officers for financial matters of the region;
b) Oversee the financial management of the region in partnership with the Executive Minister;
c) Assist with the preparation of the budget for the region in partnership with the regional council Executive.
The Treasurer will have travel expenses associated with this role reimbursed and will receive an honorarium annually.
See The Manual, 2023 Section C.1, pages 75‐76.
Under section C.1.2b, the following are also members of the region
Any Past President of Horseshoe Falls Regional Council;
Any past president of Hamilton or Toronto Conference or past chair of Erie, Halton, Hamilton, Niagara, Southwest Presbyteries who is a member of a community of faith in the region;
Any Retired Designated Lay Minister who retired while serving a community of faith in the region who is a member of a community of faith in the region;
Provision will be made for youth and young adult members. This process is still being developed.
Under Section C.1.2, the Regional Council recognizes the following as members:
Up to 10 youth (up to age 19) elected by the youth at a gathering prior to the Annual Meeting; and
50% of the Young Adults registered for the Annual Meeting to a maximum of 10 to be elected from among the Young Adults attending. The balance to be corresponding members.
To honour the separation of oversight and discipline of ministry personnel established by the Office of Vocation and in recognition of the workload attached to Office of Vocation roles, those members serving with the Board of Vocation or the Committees of the Office of Vocation will not be considered for decision‐making responsibilities in the regional council. Their involvement as members of a resource pool would be most welcome if their Office of Vocation duties allow for such a time commitment.
The regional council shall have at least one in‐person meeting per year.
For more information, see the The Manual, 2023.
Assessment Presentation
At the May meeting of the regional council, Erik Mathieson, presented an update on Assessment. Horseshoe Falls is significantly below the target assessment rate of 4.5%. Regional councils, such as Canadian Shield, are close to this rate. For them, the end of the grace period of three years at a minimum 10% increase over previous assessment will mean little change. It will be different in Horseshoe Falls as we move closer to carrying our share of the assessment. Details are provided in this presentation which can be found at:
Erik Mathieson, Assessment Presentation


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The factors influencing a business achieving the desired success are many. A good marketing plan. The professionalism of the people on its staff. The quality of the products or services it offers. And the features of the premises where it is undertaken.
Sometimes, insufficient attention is paid to this last point, where good or poor heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) in shopping zones can be the difference between success and failure. When we speak of economic results we cannot underestimate it. Missing out on an investment for such a reason is unthinkable.
Thanks to Biocool evaporative systems this is no longer a problem. We are the leading company in the sector of HVAC and evaporative cooling installations for public areas. Furthermore, our products are a benchmark in the energy savings they provide in any solution for refreshing the atmosphere.
We provide the most effective and efficient solutions, respecting the environment, in any type of installation: sports pavilions, gaming halls and recreational zones, wine cellars, shopping centres and retail parks, industrial kitchens, schools, vehicle dealers and workshops, greenhouses and garden centres, rest homes, indoor racquet courts or residential buildings and single-family homes.
Spaces dedicated to leisure and entertainment tend to generate strong smells due to the high concentration of people. This problem increases in summer, when the high temperatures increase bodily perspiration that, along with the heat, create an uncomfortable atmosphere in recreational zones, bingo or gaming halls.
Evaporative cooling solves this problem, since it cools the spaces while enabling accesses to remain open, thereby dispelling smells outdoors, constantly regenerating the air that is renewed, filtered and fresh, producing a pleasant feeling of well-being.
Maintaining the correct degree of temperature and humidity in wine cellars is a vital factor for protecting the wines, since an excess of heat or insufficient humidity contribute to increasing losses of liquid. The greater the evaporation, the greater is the refilling frequency, which generates high costs in both labour and product. Evaporative cooling avoids the wine's ageing from being interrupted, since it is not evaporated nor thickened, and the ethers are not volatilised, so the cellar is fully oxygenated.
HVAC exerts a notable influence when choosing a shopping centre, since customers choose to make their purchases in those places where the temperature is pleasant, especially in summer. If you are visiting with kids or older people this is even more important.
These large spaces generally have wide open accesses, so evaporative cooling is 100% effective in this situation, offering protection from the heat even in the zones of free air circulation in the complex. Furthermore, the fresh breeze that evaporative eco-cooling produces keeps these spaces free of insects, and provides customers with a pleasant feeling of comfort and well-being.
Industrial kitchens tend to have a heavy heat load, mainly due to that given off by the working machinery: stoves, ovens, professional electrical appliances and so on, as well as the heat generated by the workers themselves, whose activity is concentrated into specific times of the day. Furthermore, due to handling food, the accumulation of different smells is also typical of this type of installation. So it is very important to cool correctly, to ensure both the well-being of workers and a room temperature that encourages conservation of the food itself. Evaporative eco-cooling is perfect, since it generates fresh clean air as a soft breeze, encouraging the elimination of fumes, odours and other pollutants, and enabling accesses to be left permanently open.
Children are encouraged towards high academic performance and temperature is a key factor in providing a healthy atmosphere to facilitate this, creating well-being and maximising their productivity. An excess of heat can cause an increase in tiredness, dehydration and even heat stroke. Given the huge size of educational centres, air conditioning is an unsustainable cost and its continued use encourages dryness in the atmosphere along with skin and respiratory problems, among other disorders. So evaporative eco-cooling is an especially recommended solution that provides an optimum level of humidity, highly beneficial for children and asthmatics. It carries dust and smells outside the building, providing a healthy atmosphere with fresh, clean, renewed air. Evaporative eco-cooling provides an optimum level of humidity, which is highly beneficial for children and asthmatics. Furthermore, it avoids sudden changes of temperature, which are damaging to health because they cause colds and worsen some allergy types. Its use is effective in open spaces, without the need to close doors or windows. And it can be installed likewise in classrooms, kitchens, dining rooms, gymnasiums and other common recreation areas.
Energy consumption in vehicle dealers is high, since they are large spaces that use significant lighting and HVAC installations. They normally contain three differentiated zones: workshop, showroom and offices. So it is necessary to choose an effective yet also sustainable HVAC system, which adapts to the peculiarities of this sector. The vehicle showroom zone is generally defined by a large glassed-in area which overheats in summer. Likewise, the heavy lighting load contributes to raising the temperature. In the case of the workshops, maintaining a good ventilation system that helps remove the noxious gases generated by petrol and paint solvents, is extremely important. So renewing and filtering the air is essential for generating quality, clean air.
Maintaining high humidity and avoiding excess heat among the plants improves the product's duration and quality. Bearing in mind that they also require adequate ventilation, the evaporative system achieves optimum conditions.
In the health care sector, evaporative cooling is a solution aimed at ensuring and maximising the comfort of older people who live in a retirement or rest home. Like children, senior citizens are more sensitive to the health disorders and discomforts that can stem from air conditioning. Negative factors such as sudden changes in temperature and humidity alter the respiratory mucous membranes and cause dry skin. Throat irritations, loss of voice, chronic rhinitis, sore throat and conjunctivitis also appear. Furthermore, it can aggravate respiratory allergies and carry air-born infectious illnesses of the respiratory system. Compared to this, evaporative cooling creates a comfortable atmosphere thanks to a fresh temperature with no sudden changes. It is ecological, economical, clean and healthy. Evaporative cooling generates quality air since it filters and expels any dust, fumes or toxic odours outdoors. And you can keep doors and windows open without sacrificing any cooling efficiency. Meanwhile, the higher the outside temperature the greater the cooling indoors – a fundamental advantage of this eco-cooling process.
Indoor racquet sports players recover better if the ambient temperature on courts is lower. Natural cooling, with minimal installation costs and energy use, provides added value to sportspeople and customers. Traditional air conditioning systems are obsolete if we bear in mind the need to create a fresh atmosphere where the air is constantly renewed and does not recirculate impurities. Furthermore, it is important to maintain an adequate level of humidity and avoid massive energy consumption in large enclosed spaces. All such aspects are successfully resolved with evaporative cooling.
In free-standing and attached homes, air conditioning units are often used during the summer months, sending electricity bills sky-high because of their intense energy use. It is paradoxical that many people who have it installed do not use it because they feel discomfort from the dry atmosphere it creates, as well as the sudden temperature changes that can cause colds. On the other hand, in residential buildings with wide terraces it is important to be able to open doors and windows and even keep them open so as to renew the air, something which is impossible with traditional cooling systems. However, evaporative cooling does let you enjoy a fresh atmosphere with windows and doors open, creating a gentle breeze that also helps eliminate annoying insects in summer. Likewise, the fresh temperature generated is healthy, especially for kids, older people and asthmatics, because it maintains an optimum humidity level with mild temperatures and constantly renewed clean air.


Salini Impregilo S.p.A. engages in construction activities worldwide. It undertakes the construction of dams and hydroelectric plants, hydraulic works, railways and metro systems, airports and motorways, and civil and industrial buildings, as well as roads, and bridges and viaducts. The company was formerly known as Impregilo S.p.A. and changed its name to Salini Impregilo S.p.A. in January 2014. The company is headquartered in Milan, Italy. Salini Impregilo S.p.A. is a subsidiary of Salini Costruttori S.p.A.
Sign-up to receive the latest news and ratings for SAL and its competitors with MarketBeat's FREE daily newsletter.
What is Salini Impregilo's stock symbol?
Salini Impregilo trades on the BIT under the ticker symbol "SAL."
Has Salini Impregilo been receiving favorable news coverage?
Media coverage about SAL stock has trended somewhat negative this week, according to InfoTrie Sentiment Analysis. The research group rates the sentiment of media coverage by monitoring more than six thousand blog and news sources in real-time. The firm ranks coverage of public companies on a scale of negative five to positive five, with scores closest to five being the most favorable. Salini Impregilo earned a coverage optimism score of -1.1 on InfoTrie's scale. They also assigned media coverage about the company a news buzz of 1.0 out of 10, meaning that recent media coverage is extremely unlikely to have an effect on the company's share price in the next several days.
Who are some of Salini Impregilo's key competitors?
Some companies that are related to Salini Impregilo include Cimic Group (CIM), Snc-Lavalin Group (SNC), Babcock International Group (BAB), Balfour Beatty (BBY), Dirtt Environmental Solutions (DRT), Cardno (CDD), Macmahon (MAH), Renew (RNWH), Lamprell (LAM), Stuart Olson (SOX), Low & Bonar (LWB), T Clarke (CTO), Swick Mining Services (SWK), Billington (BILN) and LogiCamms (LCM).
What other stocks do shareholders of Salini Impregilo own?
Based on aggregate information from My MarketBeat watchlists, some companies that other Salini Impregilo investors own include Micron Technology (MU), Lendlease Group (LLC), Velocity Data (VCT), Total (FP), British American Tobacco Plc Ads (BATS), Ctrip.Com International (CTRP), AAR (AIR), Energy Transfer LP Unit (ET), General Electric (GE) and Mid-America Apartment Communities (MAA).
Who are Salini Impregilo's key executives?
What is Salini Impregilo's official website?
The official website for Salini Impregilo is http://www.salini-impregilo.com.
How can I contact Salini Impregilo?
Salini Impregilo's mailing address is Via dei Missaglia, 97, MILANO, 20142, Italy. The company can be reached via phone at +39-2-44422111.
MarketBeat's community ratings are surveys of what our community members think about Salini Impregilo and other stocks. Vote "Outperform" if you believe SAL will outperform the S&P 500 over the long term. Vote "Underperform" if you believe SAL will underperform the S&P 500 over the long term. You may vote once every thirty days.


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International School of Creative Arts at SI-UK London
UK University Open Days and Visits
Our upcoming university visits and open days are now taking place online and in-person, meaning you still have direct access to UK institutions and our team of education consultants.
Appointments are available with all of the below universities and we are ready to help answer all of your questions about 2022 entry, UK study and coronavirus and entry requirements.
Upcoming SI-UK London Events
SI-UK London Office
Representative: Colin Kerrigan
International School of Creative Arts aims to be at the forefront of pre-university studies in art and design and equip students, from diverse cultural backgrounds, with the necessary technical and intellectual skills to progress to leading international creative arts universities in both the UK and overseas.
ISCA's philosophy is to nurture the creative potential of each individual student and to offer the most artistically energising education to hone talents, sharpen intellect and build self-confidence.
ISCA believe that their team of talented creative arts staff combined with a robust commitment to small class sizes creates a unique environment for students to both identify and achieve their future aspirations. By actively encouraging and developing artistic talents and skills in this way, we provide a specialist arts education that best ensures each student has the opportunity and support to realise their full creative and academic success.
Meet ISCA
Book your 20-minute private appointment by registering via the link below. We look forward to seeing you!
Who: International School of Creative Arts
Where: SI-UK London Office
When: Wednesday 10 June 2015, 10:00 - 10:30