From Heathrow Airport to Ashford journey is about 83 miles and it takes about 1 and half hour. Ashford is a town in the county of Kent, England. It lies on the River Great Stour at the south edge of the North Downs, about 61 miles (98 km) southeast of central London and 15.3 miles (24.6 km) northwest of Folkestone by road. In the 2011 census, it had a population of 74,204. The name comes from the Old English æscet, indicating a ford near a clump of ash trees. It has been a market town since the 13th century, and a regular market continues to be held.
Ashford has been a communications hub and has stood at the centre of five railway lines since the 19th century. The arrival of the railways became a source of employment and contributed to the town's growth. With the opening of the international passenger station it is now a European communications centre, with new lines running between London and the Channel Tunnel (via High Speed 1). The M20 motorway also links Ashford to those two destinations for road traffic. Ashford has 3 postcode district; TN23, TN24 and TN25. Ashford dialling code is 01233.


text:
namespace nacl_io {

JsFs::JsFs()
    : messaging_iface_(NULL),
      array_iface_(NULL),
      buffer_iface_(NULL),
      dict_iface_(NULL),
      var_iface_(NULL),
      request_id_(0) {
}

Error JsFs::Init(const FsInitArgs& args) {
  Error error = Filesystem::Init(args);
  if (error)
    return error;

  pthread_cond_init(&response_cond_, NULL);

  messaging_iface_ = ppapi_->GetMessagingInterface();
  array_iface_ = ppapi_->GetVarArrayInterface();
  buffer_iface_ = ppapi_->GetVarArrayBufferInterface();
  dict_iface_ = ppapi_->GetVarDictionaryInterface();
  var_iface_ = ppapi_->GetVarInterface();

  if (!messaging_iface_ || !array_iface_ || !buffer_iface_ || !dict_iface_ ||
      !var_iface_) {
    LOG_ERROR("Got 1+ NULL interface(s): %s%s%s%s%s",
              messaging_iface_ ? "" : "Messaging ",
              array_iface_ ? "" : "VarArray ",
              buffer_iface_ ? "" : "VarArrayBuffer ",
              dict_iface_ ? "" : "VarDictionary ",
              var_iface_ ? "" : "Var ");
    return ENOSYS;
  }

  return 0;
}

void JsFs::Destroy() {
  pthread_cond_destroy(&response_cond_);
}

bool JsFs::SetDictVar(PP_Var dict, const char* key, PP_Var value) {
  PP_Var key_var = var_iface_->VarFromUtf8(key, strlen(key));
  ScopedVar scoped_key(ppapi_, key_var);
  if (key_var.type != PP_VARTYPE_STRING) {
    LOG_ERROR("Unable to create string key \"%s\".", key);
    return false;
  }

  PP_Bool success = dict_iface_->Set(dict, key_var, value);
  if (!success) {
    LOG_ERROR("Unable to set \"%s\" key of dictionary.", key);
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

PP_Var JsFs::GetDictVar(PP_Var dict, const char* key) {
  PP_Var key_var = var_iface_->VarFromUtf8(key, strlen(key));
  ScopedVar scoped_key(ppapi_, key_var);
  if (key_var.type != PP_VARTYPE_STRING) {
    LOG_ERROR("Unable to create string key \"%s\".", key);
    return PP_MakeUndefined();
  }

  return dict_iface_->Get(dict, key_var);
}

bool JsFs::GetVarInt32(PP_Var var, int32_t* out_value) {
  switch (var.type) {
    case PP_VARTYPE_INT32:
      *out_value = var.value.as_int;
      return true;

    case PP_VARTYPE_DOUBLE:
      *out_value = static_cast<int32_t>(var.value.as_double);
      return true;

    default:
      return false;
  }
}

bool JsFs::GetVarUint32(PP_Var var, uint32_t* out_value) {
  switch (var.type) {
    case PP_VARTYPE_INT32:
      *out_value = static_cast<uint32_t>(var.value.as_int);
      return true;

    case PP_VARTYPE_DOUBLE:
      *out_value = static_cast<uint32_t>(var.value.as_double);
      return true;

    default:
      return false;
  }
}

bool JsFs::GetVarInt64(PP_Var var, int64_t* out_value) {
  switch (var.type) {
    case PP_VARTYPE_INT32:
      *out_value = var.value.as_int;
      return true;

    case PP_VARTYPE_DOUBLE:
      *out_value = static_cast<int64_t>(var.value.as_double);
      return true;

    case PP_VARTYPE_ARRAY: {
      uint32_t len = array_iface_->GetLength(var);
      if (len != 2) {
        LOG_ERROR("Expected int64 array type to have 2 elements, not %d", len);
        return false;
      }

      PP_Var high_int_var = array_iface_->Get(var, 0);
      ScopedVar scoped_high_int_var(ppapi_, high_int_var);
      uint32_t high_int;
      if (!GetVarUint32(high_int_var, &high_int))
        return false;

      PP_Var low_int_var = array_iface_->Get(var, 1);
      ScopedVar scoped_low_int_var(ppapi_, low_int_var);
      uint32_t low_int;
      if (!GetVarUint32(low_int_var, &low_int))
        return false;

      *out_value = static_cast<int64_t>(
          (static_cast<uint64_t>(high_int) << 32) | low_int);
      return true;
    }

    default:
      return false;
  }
}

PP_Var JsFs::VMakeRequest(RequestId request_id,
                          const char* format,
                          va_list args) {
  PP_Var dict = dict_iface_->Create();
  ScopedVar scoped_dict(ppapi_, dict);

  if (!SetDictVar(dict, "id", PP_MakeInt32(request_id)))
    return PP_MakeNull();

  const char* p = format;
  while (*p) {
    assert(*p == '%');
    ++p;

    const char* key = va_arg(args, const char*);
    PP_Var value_var = PP_MakeUndefined();

    switch(*p) {
      case 'd':
        value_var = PP_MakeInt32(va_arg(args, int32_t));
        break;
      case 'u':
        value_var = PP_MakeInt32(va_arg(args, uint32_t));
        break;
      case 's': {
        const char* value = va_arg(args, const char*);
        value_var = var_iface_->VarFromUtf8(value, strlen(value));
        if (value_var.type != PP_VARTYPE_STRING) {
          LOG_ERROR("Unable to create \"%s\" string var.", value);
          return PP_MakeNull();
        }
        break;
      }
      case 'p':
        value_var = *va_arg(args, const PP_Var*);
        var_iface_->AddRef(value_var);
        break;
      case 'l': {
        // Only '%lld' is supported.
        ++p;
        assert(*p == 'l');
        ++p;
        assert(*p == 'd');

        int64_t value = va_arg(args, int64_t);
        if (value >= INT_MIN && value <= INT_MAX) {
          // Send as an int.
          value_var = PP_MakeInt32(static_cast<int32_t>(value));
        } else {
          // Send as an array of two ints: [high int32, low int32].
          value_var = array_iface_->Create();
          if (!array_iface_->SetLength(value_var, 2)) {
            LOG_ERROR("Unable to set length of s64 array.");
            return PP_MakeNull();
          }

          if (!array_iface_->Set(value_var, 0, PP_MakeInt32(value >> 32))) {
            LOG_ERROR("Unable to set of high int32 of s64 array.");
            return PP_MakeNull();
          }

          if (!array_iface_->Set(
                  value_var, 1, PP_MakeInt32(value & 0xffffffff))) {
            LOG_ERROR("Unable to set of low int32 of s64 array.");
            return PP_MakeNull();
          }
        }

        break;
      }
      default:
        LOG_ERROR("Unknown format specifier %%\"%s\"", p);
        assert(0);
        return PP_MakeNull();
    }

    ++p;

    if (!SetDictVar(dict, key, value_var))
      return PP_MakeNull();

    // Unconditionally release the value var. It is legal to do this even for
    // non-refcounted types.
    var_iface_->Release(value_var);
  }

  return scoped_dict.Release();
}

JsFs::RequestId JsFs::VSendRequest(const char* format, va_list args) {
  AUTO_LOCK(lock_);
  RequestId id = ++request_id_;
  // Skip 0 (the invalid request id) in the very unlikely case that the request
  // id wraps.
  if (id == 0)
    id = ++request_id_;

  PP_Var dict_var = VMakeRequest(id, format, args);
  ScopedVar scoped_dict_var(ppapi_, dict_var);
  if (dict_var.type != PP_VARTYPE_DICTIONARY)
    return 0;

  messaging_iface_->PostMessage(ppapi_->GetInstance(), dict_var);
  return id;
}

bool JsFs::VSendRequestAndWait(ScopedVar* out_response,
                               const char* format,
                               va_list args) {
  RequestId id = VSendRequest(format, args);
  if (id == 0)
    return false;

  out_response->Reset(WaitForResponse(id));
  return true;
}

bool JsFs::SendRequestAndWait(ScopedVar* out_response,
                              const char* format,
                              ...) {
  va_list args;
  va_start(args, format);
  bool result = VSendRequestAndWait(out_response, format, args);
  va_end(args);
  return result;
}

Error JsFs::ErrorFromResponse(const ScopedVar& response) {
  int32_t error;
  if (ScanVar(response.pp_var(), "%d", "error", &error) != 1) {
    LOG_ERROR("Expected \"error\" field in response.");
    return EINVAL;
  }

  return error;
}

int JsFs::ScanVar(PP_Var var, const char* format, ...) {
  va_list args;
  va_start(args, format);
  int result = VScanVar(var, format, args);
  va_end(args);
  return result;
}

int JsFs::VScanVar(PP_Var dict_var, const char* format, va_list args) {
  if (dict_var.type != PP_VARTYPE_DICTIONARY) {
    LOG_ERROR("Expected var of type dictionary, not %d.", dict_var.type);
    return 0;
  }

  int num_values = 0;

  const char* p = format;
  while (*p) {
    assert(*p == '%');
    ++p;

    const char* key = va_arg(args, const char*);
    PP_Var value_var = GetDictVar(dict_var, key);
    ScopedVar scoped_value_var(ppapi_, value_var);

    if (value_var.type == PP_VARTYPE_UNDEFINED)
      break;

    bool ok = true;

    switch (*p) {
      case 'd': {
        int32_t* value = va_arg(args, int32_t*);
        if (!GetVarInt32(value_var, value)) {
          LOG_ERROR("Expected int32_t value for key \"%s\"", key);
          ok = false;
        }
        break;
      }
      case 'u': {
        uint32_t* value = va_arg(args, uint32_t*);
        if (!GetVarUint32(value_var, value)) {
          LOG_ERROR("Expected uint32_t value for key \"%s\"", key);
          ok = false;
        }
        break;
      }
      case 'l': {
        // Only '%lld' is supported.
        ++p;
        assert(*p == 'l');
        ++p;
        assert(*p == 'd');

        int64_t* value = va_arg(args, int64_t*);
        if (!GetVarInt64(value_var, value)) {
          LOG_ERROR("Expected int64_t value for key \"%s\"", key);
          ok = false;
        }
        break;
      }
      case 'p': {
        PP_Var* value = va_arg(args, PP_Var*);
        *value = scoped_value_var.Release();
        break;
      }
      default:
        LOG_ERROR("Unknown format specifier %%\"%s\"", p);
        assert(0);
        ok = false;
        break;
    }

    if (!ok)
      break;

    p++;
    num_values++;
  }

  return num_values;
}

PP_Var JsFs::WaitForResponse(RequestId request_id) {
  AUTO_LOCK(lock_);
  while (1) {
    ResponseMap_t::iterator iter = responses_.find(request_id);
    if (iter != responses_.end()) {
      PP_Var response = iter->second;
      responses_.erase(iter);
      return response;
    }

    pthread_cond_wait(&response_cond_, lock_.mutex());
  }
}

Error JsFs::Access(const Path& path, int a_mode) {
  ScopedVar response(ppapi_);
  if (!SendRequestAndWait(&response, "%s%s%d",
                          "cmd", "access",
                          "path", path.Join().c_str(),
                          "amode", a_mode)) {
    LOG_ERROR("Failed to send request.");
    return EINVAL;
  }

  return ErrorFromResponse(response);
}

Error JsFs::Open(const Path& path, int open_flags, ScopedNode* out_node) {
  out_node->reset(NULL);
  ScopedVar response(ppapi_);
  if (!SendRequestAndWait(&response, "%s%s%d",
                          "cmd", "open",
                          "path", path.Join().c_str(),
                          "oflag", open_flags)) {
    LOG_ERROR("Failed to send request.");
    return EINVAL;
  }

  int32_t error;
  int32_t fd;
  int result = ScanVar(response.pp_var(), "%d%d", "error", &error, "fd", &fd);
  if (result >= 1 && error)
    return error;

  if (result != 2) {
    LOG_ERROR("Expected \"error\" and \"fd\" fields in response.");
    return EINVAL;
  }

  out_node->reset(new JsFsNode(this, fd));
  return 0;
}

Error JsFs::Unlink(const Path& path) {
  ScopedVar response(ppapi_);
  if (!SendRequestAndWait(
          &response, "%s%s", "cmd", "unlink", "path", path.Join().c_str())) {
    LOG_ERROR("Failed to send request.");
    return EINVAL;
  }

  return ErrorFromResponse(response);
}

Error JsFs::Mkdir(const Path& path, int perm) {
  ScopedVar response(ppapi_);
  if (!SendRequestAndWait(&response, "%s%s%d",
                          "cmd", "mkdir",
                          "path", path.Join().c_str(),
                          "mode", perm)) {
    LOG_ERROR("Failed to send request.");
    return EINVAL;
  }

  return ErrorFromResponse(response);
}

Error JsFs::Rmdir(const Path& path) {
  ScopedVar response(ppapi_);
  if (!SendRequestAndWait(
          &response, "%s%s", "cmd", "rmdir", "path", path.Join().c_str())) {
    LOG_ERROR("Failed to send request.");
    return EINVAL;
  }

  return ErrorFromResponse(response);
}

Error JsFs::Remove(const Path& path) {
  ScopedVar response(ppapi_);
  if (!SendRequestAndWait(
          &response, "%s%s", "cmd", "remove", "path", path.Join().c_str())) {
    LOG_ERROR("Failed to send request.");
    return EINVAL;
  }

  return ErrorFromResponse(response);
}

Error JsFs::Rename(const Path& path, const Path& newpath) {
  ScopedVar response(ppapi_);
  if (!SendRequestAndWait(&response, "%s%s%s",
                          "cmd", "rename",
                          "old", path.Join().c_str(),
                          "new", newpath.Join().c_str())) {
    LOG_ERROR("Failed to send request.");
    return EINVAL;
  }

  return ErrorFromResponse(response);
}

Error JsFs::Filesystem_VIoctl(int request, va_list args) {
  if (request != NACL_IOC_HANDLEMESSAGE) {
    LOG_ERROR("Unknown ioctl: %#x", request);
    return EINVAL;
  }

  PP_Var response = *va_arg(args, PP_Var*);

  AUTO_LOCK(lock_);

  RequestId response_id;
  if (ScanVar(response, "%d", "id", &response_id) != 1) {
    LOG_TRACE("ioctl with no \"id\", ignoring.\n");
    return EINVAL;
  }

  responses_.insert(ResponseMap_t::value_type(response_id, response));
  pthread_cond_broadcast(&response_cond_);
  return 0;
}

}  // namespace nacl_io

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I completely agree with that Wayne.
There must be thousands of personal pictures out there which could be 'lost' forever in the future..
If any of you who enjoy these pictures like Wayne, would like to display your pictures in an album, please send an e mail request to me at walt.davis@sixappealwheel.org and I will create an ID & Password for you to run your own album. Thanks.


Click here to see the big picture.
07Papa Is Declaring an Emergency A 'nightmare' flight.
Airplanes and Garage Doors How things came to be.
Super Rick! - Freefall Cameraman! D.B. Cooper exit from B-727 and more.
Palm Pilot PDA and other Software for PILOTS FAR 91 and other stuff - Ascii files, FAA Practice Written Exams.
Send Rick some e-mail comments about his site.


Following on from my post on the increasing lethality of weapon systems over time , I got some interesting correspondence from Strategist reader David Goyne. He provided me with some data taken from the work of the late T.N. Dupuy, who David accurately describes as 'a US Army officer, historian, operational analysis autodidact, and a fanatical advocate for his OA (operational analysis) method based on quantified historical data and assessment'.
Relevant to the earlier post is Dupuy's observation of a counter-intuitive trend—the increased lethality of weapon systems has been accompanied by a decline in the average daily casualty rates in major battles (see the graph below, source: redrawn from data in T.N. Dupuy, The Evolution of Weapons and Warfare ).
The reason for this trend isn't hard to find. As the previous post shows, forces have become increasingly dispersed in response to increases in weapons effectiveness. So while the micro effect (the chance of being killed if hit) has increased sharply, the macro effect (the total number of combatants killed) has decreased. Simply put, forces have dispersed faster than weapon systems have been able to keep up. That's true on average, although there have been individual battles in which casualty rates have bucked the trend. For example, British forces lost 20% of their initial strength on the first day of the Somme offensive in 1916. But while that's twice the World War I average, it wouldn't have been too unusual fifty years earlier. As well, lower daily casualty rates meant that battles often lasted longer. The 36 day Iwo Jima battle in World War II saw the victorious US forces cumulatively suffer over 30% casualties, with the Japanese losing essentially their entire force.
Seen in the light of these trends, recent wars in which the adversaries of well-equipped western forces have operated in an essentially clandestine manner most of the time are simply a continuation of a well-established trend. I now realise that the earlier post would be more accurately titled 'Weapons are becoming more dangerous, but war is becoming safer'.
Andrew Davies  is senior analyst for defence capability at ASPI and executive editor of The Strategist.


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How To Control Ultrasound With 3-D Printed Devices | Blog | Ultrasound Solutions Corp.
This entry was posted in News on April 18, 2017 by Ultrasound Solutions Corp..
Ultrasound is more than sound. Obstetricians use it to peer inside a woman's uterus and observe a growing baby. Surgeons use powerful beams of ultrasound to destroy cancer cells. Researchers fire ultrasound into materials to test their properties. But these high-frequency acoustic waves can do even more.
Researchers have now 3-D printed a new kind of device that can harness high-pressure ultrasound to move, manipulate, or destroy tiny objects like particles, drops or biological tissue at scales comparable with cells. By providing unprecedented control of photoacoustic waves — which are generated by lasers — such a device can be helpful for performing precise surgery, analyzing the properties of materials, and for scientific research in the lab, such as in the field of microfluidics.
But because the substrate material is glass, it's limited to planar, cylindrical or spherical shapes. More complicated shapes are difficult and expensive to make out of glass.
According to the researchers, the combination of ultra-cheap production and a higher level of control over the ultrasound makes the 3D printed device an exciting proposition for the scientific community. With a focus precision in the hundreds of microns, the device could be used in material analysis and surgery, helping doctors better attack tumors. The researchers believe that the device could be particularly useful in cataract surgery.
What sets this approach apart is better control combined with simpler and cheaper production. "It allows you to use acoustics for new applications," Ohl said. The precision of the focus — down to hundreds of microns — opens up applications in material analysis and surgery. This device could help doctors better attack tumors. In particular, Ohl envisions this device could help eye surgeons conduct cataract surgery . Biomedical researchers can use acoustic waves to measure the elastic properties of cells in a petri dish, seeing how they respond to forces.


What is Your System To Deliver?
Let me first begin by profusely apologizing for being so errant in my writing. . Inexcusable. I enjoy it . I feel called to sharpen our next generation of school leaders. Yet, I do not find the time to write like I know I should. I am committing to writing more. I want to be a beacon of light to those who are in the trenches fighting for the next generation of students in America. We need each other. And, we need to strengthen each other.
So...where did this gap in my writing come from? What is the more systemic issue with actually failing to pay attention to my blog? I believe it boils down to the systems we have put in place and follow. I had a conversation with a friend of mine after church yesterday. You could see the energy ignite in him when he began to discuss how critical it is to put systems in place to succeed; he spoke of how much he loves to come alongside younger employees in his workplace to help them develop a system to deliver. Because if you do not have a system to deliver, you will not meet your goals, you will not maximize your potential, and most imporantly, you will not deliver.
I have had the privilage to be mentored by Dr. Michael Snell. Dr. Snell is the Superintendent at Central York School District. He is also a time management guru and author of the book Clockwork. In the book. Dr. Snell systematically walks through how to manage your day, your week, month, and your year. Moreover, he offers a systematic way to organize and manage your email- and, even more critical, your goals.
Dr. Snell's method to organization and delivering is simply one approach. There is a plethora of material out there to help you. I encourage you to check out some of the more popular options. I have listed these below.
You have about one month until the start of the 18-19 school year. I challenge you to take some time and reflect on how well you deliver. Are you managing your day to day so you can lead? Do your people have the faith and confidence in you that when you say you are going to do something, you have checks and balances in place to follow through? Simply put, are you organized in such a manner where you are maximizing your potential? This is critical work we are doing. Work to organize. Organize to lead. Get after it today. Lead. And win.


From attached article on back: "Xerox of Canada Ltd. awarded a $2000 Fellowship to Saint Mary's Master of Business Administration student Nora [sic] MacAdam of Sydney. At the presentation were (left to right): Dr. F.C. Miner, Director of the MBA program at Saint Mary's University; Nora [sic] MacAdam; Donald Woodley, Atlantic Branch Manager, Xerox of Canada; and Martin McNeil, a Saint Mary's MBA graduate from Glace Bay, now a Xerox Sales Representative." Norah's graduation picture is found on pg. 161 of the 1980 Santamarian yearbook.
Written on back: 'Please return photo to: / Information Services / Saint Mary's University / Halifax, N.S. / B3H 3C3'.


East Passyunk Avenue Business Improvement District is home to 150 independently owned shops and markets that perfectly balances the best of the old and the new, mixing old world shopping, authentic Italian restaurants, world famous cheese steaks, with trend-setting boutiques, handmade arts and world-class cuisine.
Chef-driven restaurants have pushed this once-faded community into the national spotlight. East Passyunk Avenue boasts more than 35 eateries, from authentic traditional Italian restaurants to gastropubs, including twelve of Philadelphia's Top 50 Restaurants.
Anchored by the beautifully restored Singing Fountain, a communal gathering place on Tasker Street, this store-lined commercial corridor hosts events of all shapes and sizes. Annual outdoor favorites include Flavors on the Avenue, the East Passyunk Car Show & Street Festival, Farmers' Markets and East Passyunk Craft Beer Day.
East Passyunk's Flavors on the Avenue - is inspired by East Passyunk's former Flavors fundraiser held under a tent each year. In 2017, the event went from under the tent and into the street. Capacity expanded from 1,000 guests to becoming the largest event in the history of East Passyunk. The tent is still gone and the event now continues to go from a parking lot to five blocks. Instead of food and drink, the event now includes family activities, music and retail sidewalk sales.


text:
Home Islam Islamic Knowledge Tanzeel Ul Qur'an – Part 1
Tanzeel Ul Qur'an – Part 1
This is the beginning of a Qur'an translation and tafseer (explanation of the Qur'an).
By Ifikhar Husain Sayid
In The Name of Allah, the Benevolent and Merciful
Insha'Allah this work of explaining the Qur'an will be beneficial to those who read it. I will begin by stating my background.
I am Iftikhar Husain Saiyid; my ancestory starts from Hasan Muthanna, the grandson of Imam Hasan bin Ali Bin Abi Talib, who had married the granddaughter of Imam Hussain Bin Ali Bin Abi Taalib. My Lineage is known as Hasani Ul Husaini and goes through that of the sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani Rematullah Alaih.
I come from Lucknow, U.P, India. I was 9 years old when I learnt the Arabic language and Ilmul Hadith from a well-known scholar Syed Sulaiman Nadvi, the head of Nadvatul Ulamaa of Lakhnau. I received my B.S and B.S (Hons) in physics from Lucknow university, the latter is a crashed course equivalent to M.S, then I went to the Thomason College of Engineering at Roorkee, northern U.P India and studied Civil Engineering.
My father owned the largest printing press of Lucknow and since the age of 4, I had been seeing and listening to the great celebrities of the time, such as Maulana Husain Ahmed Madani, Moulana abul kalam Azad, Moulana Abdul Bari Firangi Mahali, Moulana Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, , poet Abdul Bari Aasi, poet Jigar muradabadi, writer Niaz Fatehpuri, Moulana Arshad Thanvi, who were friends of my father and used to come to the press regarding their publications.
I started writing poetry and short stories in Urdu at an early age and my writings were printed in the magazines of those days. I also introduced sonnets in the Urdu literature.
Although, I had completed reading my first Qur'an at the age of 7 and repeated it with my knowledge of Arabic in next two years. My knowledge was far away from this vast ocean of wisdom and meaning, for the most part of my life! It was only at the age of 75 that I started reading Qur'an with full concentration Aayah by Aayah referring to the translations and interpretations of Ibne Katheer, Moudoodi, Abdul Kalam Azad , Abdul Majid Dariabadi, Ashraf Ali Thanvi and others, grasping the teachings of this wonderful book.
In the following years I completed 50 Qur'an this way, with the investigation of a research scholar. I noticed that although the great scholars of the past had contributed in their way, a lot of translations and interpretation there has remained a gap in the recording of the history of each Aayah as it was revealed, so I started my research in this field and completed my work in Urdu, covering all of the 6,157 Aayahs recently. I tried to record the history as far as I could lay my hands on relevant material and at the same time, I have recorded the interpretations of each surah's Aayahs as it appealed to me.
Qur'an is the kind of scripture which differs greatly from the usual books written by authors in continuation. It is a collection of sermons, describing the ordains and decrees of Allah SWT, issued over a long span of 23 years. These sermons were divinely inspired by Allah (SWT) through the Archangel Gabriel as and when He the Almighty willed. The text of Qur'an is therefore based on the exigencies of the day and on the events that transpired. The salient features of the Qur'an (and there are many) are:
1. Most of the Surahs out of a total of 114, start with some split letters of the Arabic alphabets as was thecommon practice in those days, for instance Surah Al Baqarah starts with Alif, Laam, Meem, Surah Maryam starts with the Kaaf Haa Yaa Ain Suad. A complete list of the 29 such surahs will InshaAllah be given in the appendix of this book.
2. Allah SWT has sworn by His own creations, in several places in the Quran to emphasize on a certain matter. A complete list of such 22 Surahs will be InshaAllah in the appendix.
3. In Quran, there are 15 (14 for Hanafis and 15 for Shafais) Aayat us sajdah at tilawah. The one who reads, writes, recites or listens must perform the prostration of reciting and saying: "Subhana Rabbi Al Allah" 3 times. A list of such Surahs will also be in the appendix InshaAllah.
4. In Quran, certain phrases have been repeated over and over again. For instance in Surah Ash-Shu`arā', the Phrase "Inna Fee Zaalika La Aaayaah. Wa ma kaana Aksaruhum mominnen. Wa innaa Rabbuka La huva Al Aziz ur Raheem;" has been repeated eight times and in Surah Ar Rahman the Aayah "Fa Be Aiyye Aalaai Rabbikuma Tukazziban" has been repeated 31 times. A list of Surahs containing repetitions will be in the Appendix InshaAllah.
5. In Quran the word "Qul" (say) has been has been repeated 342 times, mostly addressed to the Holy Prophet (PBUH), but it has been addressed to Bani Israel in Surah Baqarah once and in Aaraf once and addressed to Noah twice in Surah Al Mominoon, once to Maryam (AS) in Surah Maryam, and once for the 10 brothers of Hazrat Yusuf in Surah Yousuf, twice for both Moses and Aaron in Surah TaHa and for all Muslims once in Ahzab. A list of Surahs is also being included, InshAllah in the appendix.
As mentioned earlier, altogether the word Qul appears 342 times, there are 57 Surahs which contain this word and 57 Surahs which do not. In all it is addressed to the holy prophet 332 times.
The Holy Qur'an is a collection of Verses revealed to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) over a span of 23 years, 13 years in Makkah and 10 years in Madina. The recording of the verses as they came from Allah (SWT), through Gabriel was done as the Holy Prophet (PBUH) instructed the writers, by the guidance of Allah (SWT) which is called " Wahee Al Khafee". The revelations of Qur'anic verses is called "Wahee Al Jalee". When a substantial part of Qur'an was revealed, The Holy Prophet (PBUH), by the guidance of Allah instructed the writers to re-arrange the verses in form of Surahs.
Final editing of Qur'an into the shape we have now in our hands was done by Hazrat Uthman Bin Affaan (R.A), the third Calif to whom two of the prophet's daughters were married (one after another) and he was known as "Zun Noorain". It is a miracle that the Qur'an, wherever one finds it, from Morocco to Indonesia and from Norway to Sri Lanka is exactly the same word by word.
When Allah (SWT) decides to send a prophet to any nation he selects a suitable mature adult man among that very nation. Allah then starts his divine inspiration in the form of dreams or visions which prove to be true eventually.
For the position of his last Prophet, he decided to send Muhammed Bin Abdullah (PBUH) of the leading tribe of Bannu Hashim in Makkatul Mukarrama. He was well known for his honesty and truthfulness.
Muhammad (PBUH) was a 40 year old man, totally unlettered but of a noble character. He was well known for his honesty and truthfulness. When Muhammed (PBUH) started having visions, he became recluse and started to spend his time in meditation in the caves of the mountains around the town of Mecca. Then one day he was surprised by the Archangel Gabriel, who appeared suddenly in front of Muhammed (PBUH) with a tablet and said to him "READ" when Muhammed (PBUH) said he was not literate, the angel hugged him tightly and then commanded him again to read . This happened three times and Lo and Behold, Muhammed's (PBUH) tongue started uttering whole sentences, which were engraved on the tablet:
"Iqra Be Isme Rabbika Allazee khalaq…"
Upto the fifth verse of the Surah Al Alaque "..Allama Al Insaana Ma lam Yaalam".
The initial reaction of this unusual occurrence was physical, he ran down to his house, shivering and shouting " Cover me! Cover me!" When he recovered, his wife Khadijah (RA) took him to her cousin Verqah Bin Nouful who was a well known scholar of the Jewish and Christian religions. He heard the whole story of the occurrence in the cave of Hira and then congratulated his brother in law, Muhammed (PBUH). He shouted "You have been appointed by Allah (SWT) as his Rasool." It was the Archangel Gabriel who came to you who is Allah's messenger to his prophet to transmit his orders to his prophets. This same angel had brought the Torah to Moses and Injeel to Jesus.
That was the first Wahi, the first five verses of the Qur'an revealed to Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), then for a while the revelation process was suspended in order to acclimatize him with the heavy burden of prophet hood. After some time the next revelations came in the form of first seven verses of Surah Al Muddathir, then the revelation of Qur'an continued over 23 years 13 in Makkah and 10 in Madinah.
In this book I will InshaAllah start with surah Alaque then Surah Muddathir, Qalam, Muzammil, then fatiha. I shall try to keep the order of revelation in each surah's first few Aayahs, InshaAllah as far as possible then complete the surah before going to the next.
( To Be Continued InshaAllah)
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To Bee or Not To Bee; Benefits of Beekeeping, with Osama Idlibi
If I told you today that I was a Messenger of God
Divine Will and Decree

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Category Archives: MLB
A Brief Look at Young Relievers Who Gave Up Walk-Offs in the Playoffs
Buster Olney tweeted the following today:
History tells us that young closers who blow postseason leads in big moments rarely recover…
Well there haven't been a whole lot of closers to give up walk-off home runs, so here's just a selection of relievers (a number of whom were relievers) to give up major home runs in the playoffs.
2011 — Neftali Feliz (23)
The jury's still out on this one, but almost definitely he'll be fine. There's way too much evidence that a talented young pitcher can rebound.
2009 — Jonathan Broxton (25)
This one doesn't make much sense. Broxton blew a game in the 2008 playoffs and dominated in 2009, so clearly this isn't the case. In the 2009 playoffs, he blew another game. Then he was amazing in the first half of 2010, until he was abused and could no longer pitch. Playoffs has nothing to do with this and every Dodgers blog has beaten this horse to a bloody pulp.
2005 — Brad Lidge (28)
I imagine this guy and the guy two below are who Buster Olney is thinking of. Lidge gave up a huge dinger to Albert Pujols in the '05 playoffs in the top of the 9th. He then gave up a big walk-off homer to Scott freaking Podsednik in the World Series. Lidge had a tough year the next year, but recovered with some good BABIP in the following seasons. He never repeated his 2004 season, but his 2005 season wasn't his 2004 season, so who knows what Olney is thinking of.
2003 — Jeff Weaver (26)
This is an odd case. Weaver was dumped by the Detroit Tigers to the Yankees in 2002. Though he was decidedly average in Detroit, he was pretty awful in New York in 2003. Then, in the World Series, he gave up a walk-off dinger to Alex Gonzalez in Game 4 of the World Series. (Really? College was a blur). Weaver was traded to the Dodgers in the off-season and, get this, had two decent seasons. The problem here is Weaver wasn't a particularly good pitcher, so "decent seasons" means he kept his hits rate low enough and wasn't rewarded for it (his ERAs were league average). Weaver bounced around a couple of times, had another good season with the Dodgers in 2009 and was out in 2011.
2001 — Byung Hyun Kim (22)
I think this is the other guy Olney is thinking of. Kim was a nubile 22 when he pitched against the Yankees in the 2001 World Series. He gave up a couple of extra-inning losses in the 2001 World Series, though the D-Backs eventually won it. Kim was amazing in 2001, as he was in 2002 and 2003. The problems began in 2004, though, as his hit rates had progressively risen every year for three years. That's usually a very bad sign. As you can imagine, 2005-2007 weren't good years for him and he was out of MLB before the age of 29.
1993 — Mitch Williams (28)
A lot of 28-year-olds. Williams gave up a walk-off to Joe Carter in Game 6 of the 1993 World Series. Before we get inT. Williams after the fact, check this out: Williams AVERAGED giving up 6.9 walks per 9 innings between 1986 and 1991. That was balanced by a 6.6 hits/9 ratio. So when he started giving up more hits in 1992 and 1993 … his ERA somehow remained somewhere in the same range. Reliever fluctuations!! Anyway, Williams absolutely stunk after the 1993 season, and somehow even worse than before. Amazing.
1975 — Pat Darcy (25)
Darcy gave up the walk-off to Carlton Fisk in Game 6 of the 1975 World Series. Although he was decidedly average (3.58 ERA, 101 ERA+) in 1975, he gave up 9.2 hits per 9 innings and walked 4.2 in 130 innings. That's a recipe for disaster. Darcy blew up the next year (6.23 ERA) in 39 innings and never reached the majors again.
1960 — Ralph Terry (24)
You know this one. Ralph Terry gave up the walk-off to Bill Mazeroski in Game 7 of the 1960 World Series. It was maybe the greatest moment in baseball history. Terry wound up pretty decent. He pitched about 1000 innings over the next five years with a 107 ERA+ (which is a 3.47 in the mid-60s). In 1962, he pitched 298 innings with a 3.19 ERA and won the World Series MVP. Pretty dang good. His career ended in 1967, I'm guessing because of injury because it wasn't like he was bad at the time.
1957 — Bob Grim (27)
In 1957, Grim was a Yankees pitcher with a few years under his belt. He was about league average, sometimes better than, but had injuries after pitching 199 innings in his first year. In the 1957 World Series, he gave up a walk-off to Eddie Mathews in game 4–a game that changed the series to 2-2 and an eventual Milwaukee Braves win. Grim had a few years where he was able to play again, but he was never very good after that. Strangely, it wasn't anything psychological, it was just that his numbers caught up to him. For most of his career, Grim had the same pitcher he always was, but a small bump in his hits/9 numbers registered with the same number of walks/9 at that time and that was pretty much all she wrote.
1949 — Don Newcombe (23)
Newcombe gave up a walk-off home run to Tommy Heinrich in Game 1 of the 1949 World Series. In 1956, seven years later, he won the MVP and Cy Young in the same year.
There's a lot of other pitchers that have given up walk-offs in major games throughout history and a surprising number of them are recognizable names. Ralph Branca (1951), Dave Stewart (1981), Jarrod Washburn (2004), Francisco Rodriguez (2007), just to name a few. They're not recognizable for the home runs they allowed, but for their overall talent. Even in the names posted above, some are recognizable because they had amazing talent. The ones you recognize only because of their name didn't have as much.
In 2010, Ryan Madson gave up a home run to Juan Uribe in the 8th inning of a 2-2 game in Game 6 of the NLCS. It cost the Phils the series. Dude's doing pretty dang good and will be paid like he's worth it this off-season.
So no, talent reigns supreme and Feliz has a lot of it.
Filed under MLB, MLB history
Let's Get Real: Dodgers Won't Sign Pujols, Fielder
Of course this isn't directed at anyone in particular, aside from a few friends on facebook, but I want to get real here.
Can I get real?
OK, let's get real. [real]
Dodgers signed Matt Kemp today to a 8-year/160 mil contract. They're paying Matt Kemp what he's worth during the years he's worth it. It's pretty much win-win, unless Kemp falls off a cliff at age 34.
This wonderful expenditure, as much as we all love it, pretty much precludes the Dodgers won't be getting any major free agent this off-season. The team probably won't be officially sold until April 1, which is pretty much opening day. Most free agents get their paychecks by early January; very few make it to February.
Additionally, the signings of Mark Ellis and Juan Rivera, both one-year deals, are basically Colletti's way of trying to provide financial flexibility for 2012 and beyond (even if he is still overpaying Ellis and Rivera by a lot).
This isn't pessimism, this is realism. [/real]
now lets talk about how mark cuban is gonna buy the dodgers
Filed under Los Angeles Dodgers, MLB
Sometimes Baseball Finds A Way To Rope You Back In (some notes and links on Game 6)
First, new National song.
This has been a hell of a baseball season. This site's been on hiatus for a while since we're still doing the Scorekeeping Project and it's taking most of my free time, but I have to post today. (A little update: most of the stuff is now down to Adam and I, since a number of the freelance viewers have dropped out; Adam is also a Cards fan and is going completely nuts right now).
Game 6 was an amazing game. I hope all of you got to watch it with someone you loved (or twitter). I got to do both.
Here's the Win Expectancy chart from the game, via fangraphs:
Can't Predict Baseball has a pretty nice wrap-up of the insanity.
From The Captain's Blog, this is a neat little fact:
The returns are in…David Freese now owns the highest WPA in a WS game. His .953 beats Kirk Gibson's.870.
Goddamn. What a game.
Jeff Passan tweeted this:
Just heard this listening back over tape. Scott Feldman broke Lance Berkman's bat on the game-tying single. Gets more amazing by the second.
Passan also posted this:
Among all the cool things I've seen tonight, here's another: Joe Buck emulating one of his dad's signature calls. http://bit.ly/s8yP25
A few people didn't like emulating the call, but I honestly loved it.
As I said on twitter last night, this has easily been the greatest season I've ever witnessed. If you're not happy with this, get your pulse checked.
Ted Lilly's Homerless Allowed Streak–You're Gonna Want to Read This
I don't know what to call it. No Homer Streak? Whatever, let's do this.
Ted Lilly has literally never gone a month in his career without giving up a home run. In 2002, he had only two starts in July and didn't allow a home run, so there's that. But September 2011 is the first time in his career he went a whole month without giving up a home run.
That was six consecutive starts without allowing a home run.
His longest homerless streaks before this:
2006: 3 (2)
Not only did he break his personal best for most non-homer-allowed games, he did it at the end of the season when he needed to allow only two home runs to join the 30/30 club.
Lilly has started 318 games in his career, appeared in 343 total. He's given up 286 homers in that time; with multi-home run games, he's had 193 games where he's allowed a home run.
For averages, his HR/9 rate is 1.4 for his career, but since he averages 6 IP per start, it's more like 0.933 per start. Yes, averaged out, he gives up a home run per appearances.
Since he's had 193 games with a homer allowed, 193 divided by 342 is 56; 56% of the time he made a MLB appearance he allowed a home run. That leaves you with 44% of the time he was in a game and didn't allow one. That's even on the lighter side, since we're including non-start appearances (fewer innings, fewer chances to allow a HR).
You have better odds betting on the brightly colored spots on a Craps table and winning six times in a row than betting Lilly not giving up a homer.
So what are the official chances? The chances of Lilly not giving up a home run in six consecutive games are slightly less than 1% (about 0.73%; h/t @jeffersonlives). And he did it solely to prevent himself from entering the history books.
That's pretty cool. We saw a >1% odd happen tonight.
The 30/30 pitcher season is rarer than Lilly's homerless streak. There are about 17 seasons I think of a pitcher giving up 30 homers and 30 stolen bases in tens of thousands of eligible pitching seasons. But instead of Lilly breaking a negative record, he created a positive one–and a personal one at that. Good for him.
Filed under Los Angeles Dodgers, MLB, MLB history
Tagged as Dodgers, Ted Lilly
A Follow-Up on Average/OBP/SLG Triple Crown and on Matt Kemp staying in LA
Here's this post from last year, and I feel I should follow up on it a bit.
Josh Hamilton got seriously close last year, but Miguel Cabrera had him beat on OBP by .009. Kemp isn't particularly close on the AOS triple crown, but who cares. He's very close to the traditional triple crown and a 40/40 season with only a handful of games to go.
Kemp also had this to say on ESPN 710:
"[We] haven't started talks," the MVP candidate told 710 ESPN, "but I plan on being with Dodgers rest of my career."
Pardon my language, but Goddamn it's good to hear that.
Tagged as Josh Hamilton, Matt Kemp, Miguel Cabrera, Triple Crown
The Scorekeeping Project donation drive ended on Tuesday at noon my time roughly and we finished just north of $3,000. I imagine everything should be paid for, barring some huge catestrophe, and we're probably gonna be able to do some Spanish-speaking broadcasts as well.
The next few months will be collecting data. Adam and I have (well, OK, Adam has) done a good deal of it so far, but we have a long way to go.
If you'd like to become a coder–and receive a small stipend for your coverage–please contact me at sethamitin at gmail.
Filed under MLB, MLB history, Scorekeeping
Tagged as Scorekeeping
ONE HOUR LEFT C'MON DO IT
C'MON DONATE DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT.


Background: In the recent years, polymeric nanofibers have gained lots of attention in the area of drug delivery applications. Owing to its simplicity, ease of composition method and high drug loading capacity, it provides various benefits for the therapeutic applications. Nanofibers are useful for the delivery of antibiotics, anticancer drugs, analgesic's agents and various proteins for drug delivery applications. Electrospinning method is widely used method for the preparation of nanofibers, based on their feasibility background for scale-up process from laboratory to the industrial applications.
Method: A literature review was conducted to summarize the reported articles as well as patents that have been granted and filed for work related to nanofibers in drug delivery. Efforts have been made to include various types of research undertaken by the researchers for the fabrication of nanofiber and its application in drug delivery system.
Results: In this paper, a detailed information is reported about researches and developments related to electrospun polymer nanofibers including its fabrication process, structure, properties, characterization, applications, and patent. Amongst all the patents available, 18 most relevant granted patents and 14 filed patents was summarized in the review article.
Conclusion: We expect that these fundamental applications of nanofibers could help the researchers to develop and gain knowledge about nanofibers in drug delivery application.
Nanofiber, drug delivery, pharmaceutical applications, tissue engineering, chemotherapeutic agents, patents.


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Miami's Brickell Offers Truly One-of-a-Kind Residences
With panoramic views of the ocean and skyline, these beach residences take Miami living to the next level.
By Juliana Distefano
Juliana Distefano
Juliana Distefano's Most Recent Stories
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Photo: Courtesy
View Gallery	— 10	Photos
After being tapped by South Florida developer Swire Properties Inc. to design the model units at Rise, a luxury condominium atop the $1.05-billion Brickell City Centre mixed-use development in Miami, Fla., interior designer Steven Gurowitz set about creating 10 one-of-a-kind dwellings. The recently unveiled Now by Steven G. units each come with a distinct style and ambience. One unit designed with artists in mind shows off a collection of dramatic artwork, while another one created for a modern enthusiast comes with mid-century modern furniture, upholstered pieces, and geometric furniture.
From island elegance and natural hues to bold velvets and rich leathers, each model offers a unique contemporary living space for those looking for refined luxury. Bold mirrored walls, natural grass cloth, and nautical artwork are just a few of the distinctive details that grace the collection. Ranging from 982 square feet to 4,754 square feet, the one- to three-bedroom units come fully furnished and boast Italian cabinetry, marble floors, convertible dens, and open-floor kitchens. Positioned in the heart of Miami, the vibrant residences embrace the natural surroundings with wrap-around balconies and floor-to-ceiling sliding glass doors.
Designed by renowned architectural firm Arquitectonica with public spaces crafted by Richardson Sadeki, the condominiums provide access to a half-acre amenity deck with heated lap pools, a Hammam spa and salon, a state-of-the-art fitness center, library and tea lounge, children's playroom, and entertainment suite. "The upscale collection was designed to elevate the new urban lifestyle that Brickell City Centre offers, with sweeping city and water views, as well as proximity to an expansive retail center with 120 storefronts and four levels of unparalleled shopping, dining and entertainment venues," says Maile Aguila, senior vice president of residential sales for Swire Properties Inc.
Prices start in the mid $600,000s.
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Membership in the Aloysius Chapter of the National Honor Society at Jesuit College Preparatory School of Dallas is based on four criteria; scholarship, character, leadership, and service. Information is listed below concerning eligibility for each criterion.
Jesuit emphasizes academic excellence and intellectual challenge. Jesuit students demonstrate scholarship by attaining a considerable level of proficiency in various disciplines. In order to be eligible for the National Honor Society, Jesuit students must have a cumulative grade point average of 88 or better. Grades are checked at the close of the first semester sophomore year. Any student who does not qualify will be reviewed again at the close of the first semester of their junior year.
A student of good character upholds principles of morality and ethics, is cooperative, demonstrates high standards of honesty and reliability, shows courtesy, concern, and respect for others, and generally maintains a good and clean lifestyle. Feedback on students' character will be solicited directly from current teachers, coaches, and moderators, as well as the Office of Student Affairs. In order to be eligible, a student must receive positive feedback, and be in good standing with regard to school policies.
A student demonstrates leadership by example, by being a team builder, by encouraging and supporting others, by taking on as well as delegating responsibilities, and believes in constant learning and development. Students applying to the National Honor Society are expected to be active in various extracurricular and service activities. Feedback on a student's participation in these activities will be solicited directly from the counseling department.
Service hours accumulated between the summer prior through end of the current school year will be assessed. Students are expected to have 20 hours of service during that time period. Note all service hours must be documented with Mr. Riemer by the end of the school year. Students will be accepted into the NHS pending completion of their service hours. Mr. Riemer will submit a summary of service hours to the NHS Committee directly. No documentation of service hours needs to be submitted by the student.
The purpose of the National Honor Society is to create enthusiasm for scholarship, stimulate a desire to render service, promote leadership, and to develop character in students. After a careful review of potential candidates based on the above criterion, new members will be determined by the National Honor Society committee. Inductees will be encouraged to serve the community by offering academic assistance through peer tutorials. New members should enroll themselves in the National Honor Society page on Moodle, to receive further information concerning tutorials and service hours.


NOTE: The title of this site is a little misleading, because while our cruise ship was docked in Ocho Rios we took a tour of a plantation (Good Hope Estate). We did not visit the city. By the way, the docks are getting a major overhaul so that it can match Falmouth (10-15 minutes drive away). So this site is more about the visit to house (which was quite fascinating) then the Ocho Rios.
Good Hope Estate (about a 20 minute drive from Falmouth and 30 minutes from Ocho Rios) was formed through a land grant, given to Colonel Thomas Williams. The estate consisting of one thousand acres, bordering the Martha Brae river is situated in the parish of Trelawny. Colonel Williams was the grandson of one of the first settlers in the island after its conquest by the English. The estate later became the property of John Tharp who became the largest land and slave owner in Jamaica.This place gives you a real sense of Jamaica's rich history as a sugar-estate island. Because of the way the slaves were treated (the slaves had a school and there was an hospital on the grounds), this plantation was sparred from the flames after emancipation.


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Odds on a Triple Crown Winner in 2018
Odds of a Triple Crown winner in 2018 were set at better than 7-1 for a payout potential of $70 on every $10 bet or $700 for every $100 bet.
Though we had to wait a few decades, we finally had a Triple Crown winner in 2015.
This is looking like one of the most competitive fields in recent memories.
Below we have some more great Kentucky Derby 2018 prop bets.
81-Will horse win 2 or more Triple Crown races?
06:15 PM 801 YES +100
802 NO -130
82-Will there be a Triple Crown winner in 2018?
804 NO -1040
83-Will Bolt d'Oro hit the board?
84-Will KY Derby Winner be Even or Odd Number?
06:15 PM 807 EVEN +110
808 ODD -140
85-Kentucky Derby Margin of Victory:
06:15 PM 809 GREATER THAN 1 ½ LENGTHS -125
810 LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 1 ½ LENGTHS -105
86-$2 KY Derby Win Mutuel Payoff:
06:15 PM 811 GREATER THAN $18.80 +150
812 LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO $18.80 -195
Pegasus World Cup 2023 Betting Odds
The first major race of the year is coming up this weekend at Gulfstream Park. The seventh edition of the Grade 1 Pegasus World Cup Invitational Stakes features a $3 million purse and a full field of 12 of the most talented horses in the industry.
California Cup Derby Betting Odds - 2023
Plus we have your Jerome Stakes betting odds and your super early 2023 Kentucky Derby betting odds as well.
Kentucky Derby 2023 Contenders – Forte Payout $1200 on a $100 Bet Early
Gambling911.com has your Kentucky Derby 2023 contenders with a close-up look at Forte, winner of the 2022 Breeders' Cup Juvenile (G1) and early favorite to win the 2023 Kentucky Derby with a payout of 14-1.
Malaysian Horse Racing: A History of the Sport
The history of horse racing in Malaysia is largely influenced by Australian racing. The country's interest in racing was first evident in the 1880s, when organizers began setting up large race meetings twice a year. In 1896, the Straits Racing Association and Penang Turf Club were established. As a result, horse racing in Malaysia has a rich history.
2022 Belmont Stakes Morning Odds
We the People was the 2-1 favorite coming into the 2022 Belmont Stakes with the morning odds. His odds had been pushed to 6-1 by early afternoon.


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Q: Android canvas draw complex shape defined by multiple simpler shapes I want to draw something similar to this shape on android canvas:

I think the best way is to define this shape as the intersection of 2 circles and a line. What's the proper way to create this with android canvas?
UPDATE
I am now using PorterDuff as smith324 suggested:
*Note: code slightly simplified for clarity.
darkPaint = new Paint();
darkPaint.setColor(Color.rgb(50, 50, 50));

lightPaint = new Paint();
lightPaint.setColor(Color.rgb(200, 200, 200));

atopPaint= new Paint(GameDrawingPanel.darkPaint.getColor());
atopPaint.setXfermode(new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.DST_ATOP));
atopPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
atopPaint.setStrokeWidth(2);

_boardCanvas.drawCircle(x, y, radius, darkPaint);
_boardCanvas.drawCircle(x, y, radius_small, lightPaint);
_boardCanvas.drawRect(0,0,height,width,atopPaint);

A: I forget exactly which modes would be of use here (XOR should work), but essentially you need to use a PorterDuff transfer mode to achieve this. Try drawing the concentric circles atop one another, then a dividing rectangle on one side.
http://developer.android.com/reference/android/graphics/PorterDuff.Mode.html
http://www.svgopen.org/2005/papers/abstractsvgopen/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Most Notable Horse Races in the UK
Grand National Betting Guide 2020: Best Free Bets, Offers & Predictions
Bet365 » Betting Guides » Grand National Betting Guide 2020: Best Free Bets, Offers & Predictions
The Grand National is undoubtedly the biggest horse race of the year. Around 600 million people tune in from around the world, while international fans snap up tickets at the Aintree very quickly. Many people choose a favorite horse and place a bet. Getting in on the action Here's our Grand National 2020 betting guide.
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1 Grand National Betting Guide 2020: Top Bookers & Offers
1.1 Breakdown of Grand National Promotions
2 Grand National 2020 Betting Tips 2020
2.1 Key Races: Prizes & Odds
2.2 Notable Horses: Which Ones to Prefer & Why
2.3 Notable Jockeys: Key Information to Keep in Mind
2.4 History: Interesting Facts You Should Know
2.5 Live Streaming
2.6 Key Mobile Applications
3 Grand National 2020 Betting Guide: Useful Tips
Breakdown of Grand National Promotions
First things first, you'll want to find the best bookmakers and free bet offers for the Grand National 2020 Betting Guide. Bookmakers are looking to impress here and attract new customers, so there are some great free bets to be found! These recommendations are based on 2019 and the historical performance of the different bookmakers.
Unibet: Unibet is renowned for its horse racing odds so you can expect to find some tasty offers here. In 2019, the bookmaker offered a money back as a bonus up to £40 should your first bet lose. To sweeten the deal, Unibet also offers £10 to spend in the casino. Not bad!
Paddy Power: Paddy Power is another huge name in sports racing. The bookmaker offers a very attractive £20 risk-free first bet to new customers – if the new customer loses their first bet, they get the money back in cash! The new customer can also gain access to Paddy's Rewards Club and enjoy weekly free bets. In Paddy Power, you can also get up to 400 in free bets by referring your friends, get the promo code in order to activate the offer.
Ladbrokes: This bookmaker has great offers for horse betting. They really specialize in providing many choices and promotions throughout the year. One of the best is that you can cash out your bet and get up £500. Get here the Ladbrokes Promo Code in order to activate the offer. The Welcome offer of Ladbrokes is£20 for FREE bets and there is also a great offer which is called high 5 and you can get 15% free bet bonus and get up to £100. Check all the offers and get the Ladbrokes Promo Code here.
Betfair: The Betfair bonus is more generic, giving new customers up to £100 in free bets. The new customer must place 5 x £10 or more bets in order to receive £20 in free bets. This should then be repeated up to 5 times to get the full bonus. These can also be used on the Grand National 2020!
Betfred: Betfred keeps things traditional with a nice "Non-Runner, No Bet" offer. This means that if your selection does not run in the race, your full stake will be returned to you. This can help to keep things simpler among the chaos that comes on Grand National day! With the offer Horse Racing – 2nd to SP Fav you can get up to £10 in free bets.
Grand National 2020 Betting Tips 2020
The Grand National is one of the largest horse racing events in the United Kingdom. Alongside the Cheltenham Festival and Royal Ascot, the Grand National is a marquee horse racing event that attracts horse trainers and jockeys from around the globe. We prepared this Grand National Betting Guide so that you will be able to find out everything about it.
It is not just competitors that descend on Liverpool's Aintree Racecourse for the three-day event. According to the BBC, more than 150,000 people attend the races while around 600 million watch it on television. The number of people who watch the race festival in-person or on televised broadcast makes it the most viewed horse racing event in the UK. In addition, millions of pounds are wagered on the three-day event. The Grand National is held every April and comes after the Cheltenham Festival in March. Held at Liverpool's Aintree Racecourse, the Grand National hosts 21 races with horses from all over the world taking part. The most highly anticipated race during the festival is the Grand National race itself. Grand National winners can be launched to superstardom in horse racing and owners can see a large winner's purse land in their laps. The race is a four-and-a-half-mile jaunt that is made more difficult by the 30 fences the horses must leap over. Winners must not only have speed, but stamina and agility to jump over the 30 fences on their way to the finish line.
Grand National participants must race around the course twice leaping over 16 fences on the first lap. The second lap features 14 fences with two omitted. Making the obstacles even more difficult to leap over is they vary in height and width.
Key Races: Prizes & Odds
The Grand National festival consists of 21 horse races run over three days. The action typically begins on the first Thursday in April and finishes on Saturday. Day 1 of the festival is known as A Day for Champions and is headlined by the Aintree Hurdle. The race pays out £200,000 in prize money as Grade 1 horses complete a two-mile four-furlong course. Day 2 of the festival is Ladies Day and the fashion is turned up a notch around Aintree. Once again, the headline race, the Melling Steeple, awards £200,000 to participants. In contrast, the lowest paying race, the Grade 2 Champion Standard Open, is the final event of the day and pays out only £45,000. The final day of the festival is Grand National Race Day. The race is the penultimate race of the entire three-day meeting and a £1m prize purse was awarded to horses in 2019. Tiger Roll, who won for the second straight year, took home over £561,000 for his owner Gigginstown House Stud. Meanwhile, the remainder of the prize purse was divided between horses in second to tenth place.
Notable Horses: Which Ones to Prefer & Why
There have been a number of notable horses to compete in the Grand National over the last century-plus. Red Rum is cited as the greatest Grand National winner of all-time. The Irish thorough-bred dominated the race in the mid-1970s. Between 1973 and 1977, Red Rum won the Grand National three times. He is the only horse to ever win the race three times. Amazingly, Red Rum finished second in 1975 and 1976 increasing his reputation as one of the greatest racehorses of all-time. Until 2019, no horse had won back to back Grand National races since Red Rum. Tiger Roll accomplished the feat winning in an amazing display that saw him finish by more than two lengths. Tiger Roll started the day as 4/1 favorite and held true to form despite carrying eight pounds of extra weight compared to the previous year. There is almost a year to go until the Grand National 2020 gets underway. With that said, horse racing fanatics around the world are already keeping a close eye on the talent out there and how they are going to perform over the course of the year.
Tiger Roll – 8/1: Tiger Roll is a powerful horse that has made history. Winning back-to-back Grand Nationals, the horse is currently in pole position for Grand National 2020. This can all change over the course of the year, though, and you'll want to carefully track his progress at key events like Cheltenham. Tiger Roll is not set to definitely participate next year and weights will play a big role in determining whether or not he is a potential competitor.
Native River – 25/1: Native River is a former Gold Cup winner and offers electrifying pace. The horse has wonderful form and should definitely be considered as one of the potential candidates for victory. Again, this horse could find himself near top weight if he does compete, though.
Anibale Fly – 33/1: Anibale Fly has always performed well on the Grand National course. He vaults the 16 fences with precision and came 4th in 2018 despite being top weight. The horse also came second in the Gold Cup, so he's certainly up there. Success in 2020 is a definite possibility.
Notable Jockeys: Key Information to Keep in Mind
No jockey has won more Grand National races than George Stevens. The Englishman rode to glory five times between 1856 and 1870. Stevens' incredible feat happened over a century ago and that is why many modern race fans may not be familiar with him. In 1938, jockey Bruce Hobbs became the youngest Grand National winner at the age of 17. Hobbs won the race while riding Battleship. Famed Irish jockey Ruby Walsh, Leighton Aspell, and Davy Russell are currently credited with being the winningest jockeys of the modern area. Walsh won the Grand National on two different occasions. Female jockey Katie Walsh currently holds the record for the highest position a lady jockey has finished in the Grand National race. In 2012, she finished third riding Seabass.
The Grand National continues to be the biggest and most watched horse race festival in the UK and Ireland. Not only is it the country's most famous, but it is the largest thanks to its massive grandstand that hosts fans from all over the globe.
History: Interesting Facts You Should Know
Our Grand National Betting Guide would be incomplete without some historical facts. The Grand National has been run since 1839 when the inaugural race was held. Liverpool's Aintree Racecourse has always been the home of the race, except during wartime, and has become synonymous with it. Although there was a race that took place at Aintree prior to 1839, the year is generally seen as the official start date of the Grand National as we know it.
One of the items that make the Grand National so exciting and intimidating is its obstacles. The endurance a horse needs to navigate the racecourse to win is unparalleled in UK and Irish horse racing. In the 1970s, the Grand National made headlines when horse Red Rum won three races between 1973 and 1977. The Irish racehorse became a household name at the time and was on the same level in terms of celebrity as other sports stars. Until 2019, no horse had won back to back Grand National races since Red Rum. Tiger Roll accomplished the feat in 2018 and 2019 after emerging victorious in consecutive years. Although the Grand National race is the pinnacle of events at the festival, large prize purses draw trainers and jockeys to the racecourse every year. According to the Grand National's organizers, £1 million was dished out in winnings in 2019. The large prize purse makes it the most lucrative race in the UK.
The Grand National is an intriguing event that attracts huge international attention. There is a range of ways to catch the action both on television and using a live stream. Many bookmakers offer live streaming of the event via their website or application, helping you to get in on the action and enjoy the exhilarating events while holding onto your potential bet. If you are particularly concerned about live streaming, you should be sure to check the specific bookmaker that you watch the game with. Visit their website to see what kind of provision they are going to offer in terms of live streaming Grand National 2020.
Key Mobile Applications
A range of mobile apps can help you deepen your enjoyment of Grand National 2020 and boost your chances of success. Here's a closer look.
Channel 4 Racing Horse Tracker Application
Horse Tracker is the first live sports tracking app ever created that synchronizes with live video. This helps you to keep your eye on the exact position of your horse using a second screen. Pretty neat and it is a fun way to expand your enjoyment of the event.
More than 23 million people use this app, making it one of the leading options out there. Live streaming and betting is on offer, as well as some great deals and betting offers. If you're looking for sports betting app to enjoy the action, this might be the one. To use the Live Streaming service you will need to be logged in and have a funded account or to have placed a bet in the last 24 hours.
This is another bookmaker app that offers live streaming and also offers competitive odds and offers for Grand National 2020 betting. You can bet on all of the 21 races that take place that day, so you'll be fully involved in the action!
Grand National 2020 Betting Guide: Useful Tips
Thinking of betting on the Grand National but you're not sure where to start? Here are some general tips to get you ahead of the crowd.
Think about the age of the horse: Age is perhaps the most important factor when deciding on which horse will seize success. The majority of the winners are under the age of 10 so you'll want to really look at this critical statistic.
Consider previous success: The majority of previous winners will have achieved success at another National event. This is very important to consider, and you'll want to look at the resume of each horse.
Assess the color of the horse: This might sound strange, but it's important to understand that only three grey horses have ever achieved success and taken the top spot at the Grand National!
Shop around: If you are looking to place a bet but you're new to the scene, don't be afraid to shop around. There are lots of offers and competing odds out there, so take your time and be sure to read up on reviews.
Have fun: At the end of the day, the Grand National is a wonderful event that brings people together around a common experience. It's a lot of fun and placing a bet is the perfect way to enhance your enjoyment! Don't get too stressed and remember that it's always about having a great time and enjoying the spectacle.
Home Betting Guides Grand National Betting Guide 2020: Best Free Bets, Offers & Predictions
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This article from the July-August 2018 issue of TECHBeat reports on a new web-based resource available from the Justice Technology Information Center (JTIC) on the opportunities and challenges in the use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) by law enforcement agencies.
This resource is a sub-site of JUSTNET, the website of the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center (NLECTC). This resource was prompted by law enforcement's increasing interest in using small UAS for accident reconstruction, search and rescue, and other emergencies.
The UAS home page is designed to showcase video content and provide direct links to a new page of agency success stories, frequently asked questions about public safety and UAS, and information on how an agency can establish a UAS program. The new sub-site also features an updated collection of resource materials and publications.


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Coaster medals are the perfect way to award your age group and overall winners of your race!
Soft enamel colorfill Ironman keychains, please click on the image to view other custom designs of keychains we can make for you!
Here is an image of a multi pieces series medal collection we designed for the Wild Rover Series. Click on the image to see more attachment medallion designs we've made!
Want to increase your repeat athletes, create a multi-piece series medal! Click here to see more of our multi-piece medallion collection!
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3d modeled antique gold finish Queen Bee Half Marathon hinged locket style medallion with a mirror insert. Click on the image to see more dangle/attachment medallions.
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Seabrook Lucky Trail medallion collection featuring multi piece medallion functionality with magnetic attachments. Click on the image to view additional multi piece magnet attachment medallions.
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Click here to view Ashworth Awards partners.
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Click here to view Team Ashworth's activities and events.
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Homeclass11biology
NCERT Solutions of Class 11th: Ch 17 Breathing and exchange of gases Biology
Abhishek 18 Jul, 2015
1. Define vital capacity. What is its significance?
The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration is called vital capacity. It helps in finding differentiate causes of lung disease.
2. State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing.
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing is called Functional residual capacity (FRC). This includes expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV). ERV=1000 to 1100 ml
RV = 1100 to 1200 ml
Thus, FRC = 2100 to 2300 ml
3. Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in the other parts of respiratory system. Why?
Alveoli are the primary sites of exchange of gases. Exchange of gases also occur between blood and tissues. O2 and CO2 are exchanged in these sites by simple diffusion mainly based on pressure/concentration gradient. Alveolar region is having enough pressure gradient to facilitate diffusion of gases while other regions of the respiratory system don't have the required pressure gradient. Solubility of the gases as well as the thickness of the membranes involved in diffusion are also some important factors that can affect the rate of diffusion.
4. What are the major transport mechanisms for CO2? Explain.
CO2 is carried by haemoglobin as carbamino-haemoglobin (about 20-25 per cent). This binding is related to the partial pressure of CO2 . pO2 is a major factor which could affect this binding. When pCO2 is high and pO2 is low as in the tissues, more binding of carbon dioxide occurs whereas, when the pCO2 is low and pO2 is high as in the alveoli, dissociation of CO2 from carbamino-haemoglobin takes place, i.e., CO2 which is bound to haemoglobin from the tissues is delivered at the alveoli. RBCs contain a very high concentration of the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase and minute quantities of the same is present in the plasma too. This enzyme facilitates the following reaction in both directions.
At the tissue site where partial pressure of CO2 is high due to catabolism, CO2 diffuses into blood (RBCs and plasma) and forms HCO3– and H+, . At the alveolar site where pCO2 is low, the reaction proceeds in the opposite direction leading to the formation of CO2 and H2O. Thus, CO2 trapped as bicarbonate at the tissue level and transported to the alveoli is released out as CO2 as shown in above figure. Every 100 ml of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately 4 ml of CO2 to the alveoli.
5. What will be the pO2 and pCO2 in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air?
(i) pO2 lesser, pCO2 higher
(ii) pO2 higher, pCO2 lesser
(iii) pO2 higher, pCO2 higher
(iv) pO2 lesser, pCO2 lesser
6. Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions.
Inspiration is initiated by the contraction of diaphragm which increases the volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis. The contraction of external inter-costal muscles lifts up the ribs and the sternum causing an increase in the volume of the thoracic chamber in the dorso-ventral axis. The overall increase in the thoracic volume causes a similar increase in pulmonary volume. An increase in pulmonary volume decreases the intra-pulmonary pressure to less than the atmospheric pressure. This pressure gradient forces the air from outside to move into the lungs and inspiration takes place.
7. How is respiration regulated?
The respiration is regulated bu neural system. A specialised centre present in the medulla region of the brain called respiratory rhythm centre is primarily responsible for this regulation. Another centre present in the pons region of the brain called pneumotaxic centre can moderate the functions of the respiratory rhythm centre. Neural signal from this centre can reduce the duration of inspiration and thereby alter the respiratory rate. A chemosensitive area is situated adjacent to the rhythm centre which is highly sensitive to CO2 and hydrogen ions. Increase in these substances can activate this centre, which in turn can signal the rhythm centre to make necessary adjustments in the respiratory process by which these substances can be eliminated. Receptors associated with aortic arch and carotid artery also can recognise changes in CO2 and H+ concentration and send necessary signals to the rhythm centre for remedial actions. The role of oxygen in the regulation of respiratory rhythm is quite insignificant.
8. What is the effect of pCO2 on oxygen transport?
pCO2 plays a major role in transportation of oxygen. In the alveoli, the low pCO2 and high pO2 favours the formation of haemoglobin. In the tissues, the high pCO2 and low pO2 favours the dissociation of oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin. Hence, the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen is enhanced by the decrease of pCO2 in blood. Therefore, oxygen is transported in blood as oxyhaemoglobin and oxygen dissociates from it at the tissues.
9. What happens to the respiratory process in a man going up a hill?
When a man going up a hill he has to exert more effort to climb which increases the consumption of oxygen. As a result, the partial pressure of oxygen in haemoglobin decreases which creates more demand for oxygen. Thus, the breathing rate increases to fill this gap.
10. What is the site of gaseous exchange in an insect?
Insects have a network of tubes known as tracheal tubes to transport atmospheric air within the body. The tracheae open on the lateral surface of the animal through minute pores called spiracles.
11. Define oxygen dissociation curve. Can you suggest any reason for its sigmoidal pattern?
When percentage saturation of haemoglobin with O2 is plotted against the pO2 a sigmoid curve is obtained which is called Oxygen dissociation curve.
The dissociation curve is sigmoidal pattern because of the binding of oxygen to haemoglobin. As the first oxygen molecule binds to haemoglobin, it increases the affinity for the second molecule of oxygen to bind. Subsequently, haemoglobin attracts more oxygen.
12. Have you heard about hypoxia? Try to gather information about it, and discuss with your friends.
Hypoxia is defined as a condition of the body in which the tissue have shortage of oxygen. It generally happens because of a mismatch between oxygen demand and supply.
13. Distinguish between
(a) IRV and ERV
(b) Inspiratory capacity and Expiratory capacity
(c) Vital capacity and Total lung capacity
Inspiratory reserve volume(IRV)
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
It is the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration. It is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration.
It is about 2500-3500 mL in the human lungs. It is about 1000-1100 mL in the human lungs.
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
Expiratory capacity (EC)
It is the volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal expiration. It is the volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal inspiration.
It includes tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume. (IC = TV + IRV) It includes tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume. (EC = TV + ERV)
Vital capacity (VC)
Total lung capacity (TLC)
It is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration. It is the volume of air in the lungs after maximum inspiration. It includes IC, ERV, and residual volume.
It includes IC and ERV It includes IC, ERV, and residual volume.
It is about 4000 mL in the human lungs. It is about 5000-6000 mL in the human lungs.
14. What is Tidal volume? Find out the Tidal volume (approximate value) for a healthy human in an hour.
Tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal respiration. It is approximately 500 ml in a healthy man.
The hourly tidal volume for a healthy human (taking 12 breathes/min) can be calculated as:
= 500 ml × 12 × 60 minute = 360000 ml
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Game created by Tyler Hurd and released February 3, 2016 .
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Sit on the floor in the center of your play space. No controllers necessary.
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"BUTTS: The VR Experience" is an animated VR short about love, trust, and learning what it means to be truly free.


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Q: Create SVG elements from collection without explicitly setting coordinates I'm new to SVG, so I don't know if I'm missing something obvious and simple.
In every lesson on creating SVG elements, x and y coordinates must be explicitly set for element to be drawn. But is there a way for a browser to draw one svg shape right next to another, without explicitly specifying coordinates, like DOM does when you write
content1

content2
?
What I want is:
Having a collection of data for elements (let's say, they are all rectangles with only width and height specified), is there a way to draw all of them sequentially in a row (horizontally)? I don't want to manually set coordinates for each element, just call foreach element in array and expect browser to figure out coordinates from each element's width property.
Is this achievable only with some script that dynamically calculates bounding box for each element or there is some simpler way?


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Edward Royce & Jim Langevin
Compare the voting records of Edward Royce and Jim Langevin in 2017-18.
Edward Royce
Represented California's 39th Congressional District. This is his 13th term in the House.
Jim Langevin
Represented Rhode Island's 2nd Congressional District. This is his 9th term in the House.
Edward Royce and Jim Langevin are from different parties and disagreed on 68 percent of votes in the 115th Congress (2017-18).
Jan. 19, 2018 — Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act
Jan. 11, 2018 — Rapid DNA Act of 2017
Sept. 8, 2017 — Reinforcing Education Accountability in Development Act
May 19, 2017 — Probation Officer Protection Act of 2017
On Motion to Concur in Senate Amendments Nos. 2 and 3, and in No. 1 with Amendment
May 3, 2017 — HIRE Vets Act
Feb. 1, 2017 — Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of a rule submitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to "Disclosure of Payments by Resource Extraction Issuers"
Dec. 21, 2018 — National Flood Insurance Program Extention Act
Dec. 21, 2018 — Correct Enrollment to S. 3628
Dec. 21, 2018 — To redesignate Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge as the Nathaniel P. Reed Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge, and for other purposes
Dec. 21, 2018 — 9/11 Memorial Act
Dec. 21, 2018 — Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act
Dec. 21, 2018 — Women's Entrepreneurship and Economic and Empowerment Act
Dec. 21, 2018 — Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act
Dec. 21, 2018 — Protecting Girls' Access to Education in Vulnerable Settings Act
Dec. 21, 2018 — Elie Wiesel Genocide and Atrocities Prevention Act
Dec. 21, 2018 — Tropical Forest Conservation Reauthorization Act
Dec. 21, 2018 — Frederick Douglass Trafficking Victims Prevention and Protection Reauthorization Act
Dec. 21, 2018 — Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act
Dec. 21, 2018 — Directing the Clerk of the House of Representatives to make certain corrections in the enrollment of H.R. 4174
Dec. 21, 2018 — Civil Rights Cold Case Records Collection Act
Dec. 21, 2018 — Federal Personal Property Management Act
Dec. 21, 2018 — GAO-IG Act
Dec. 21, 2018 — To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 770 Ayrault Road in Fairport, New York, as the "Louise and Bob Slaughter Post Office"
Dec. 21, 2018 — Department of Transportation Reports Harmonization Act
Dec. 21, 2018 — To amend the Federal Assets Sale and Transfer Act of 2016 to provide flexibility with respect to the leaseback of certain Federal real property, and for other purposes
Dec. 21, 2018 — To amend the Federal Assets Sale and Transfer Act of 2016 to ensure that the Public Buildings Reform Board has adequate time to carry out the responsibilities of the Board, and for other purposes
Dec. 21, 2018 — Designating room H-226 of the United States Capitol as the "Lincoln Room"
Dec. 10, 2018 — George W. Bush Childhood Home Study Act
Nov. 30, 2018 — Federal CIO Authorization Act of 2018
Nov. 16, 2018 — Strengthening Coastal Communities Act
Sept. 26, 2018 — Empowering Financial Institutions to Fight Human Trafficking Act
Sept. 26, 2018 — Recognizing that allowing illegal immigrants the right to vote devalues the franchise and diminishes the voting power of the United States citizens
Sept. 25, 2018 — Expanding Contracting Opportunities for Small Business Act of 2018
Sept. 25, 2018 — Encouraging Small Business Innovators
Sept. 4, 2018 — Biometric Identification Transnational Migration Alert Program Authorization Act
June 12, 2018 — Safe Disposal of Unused Medication Act
June 12, 2018 — Comprehensive Opioid Recovery Centers Act
May 18, 2018 — Massie of Kentucky Amendment No. 25
May 17, 2018 — McClintock of California Amendment No. 8
May 17, 2018 — Foxx of North Carolina Amendment No. 1
Dec. 11, 2017 — Protecting Religiously Affiliated Institutions Act of 2017
Dec. 11, 2017 — Financial Institution Customer Protection Act of 2017
Nov. 13, 2017 — Federal Acquisition Savings Act of 2017
Oct. 23, 2017 — Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Business Travel Cards Act
Oct. 23, 2017 — C-TPAT Reauthorization Act
Sept. 14, 2017 — Huizenga of Michigan Amendment No. 207
Sept. 13, 2017 — Meadows of North Carolina Amendment No. 172
Sept. 13, 2017 — Clark of Massachusetts Amendment No. 154
Sept. 13, 2017 — Meng of New York Amendment No. 138
Sept. 8, 2017 — Palmer of Alabama Amendment No. 56
Sept. 7, 2017 — Young of Alaska Amendment No. 43
July 27, 2017 — Brendan F. Boyle of Pennsylvania Part B Amendment No. 12
July 19, 2017 — Engel of New York Part B Amendment No. 1
July 13, 2017 — Tom Rooney of Florida Amendent No. 6


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Russia: Environmentalists Save Tigers From Extinction
By Stuart Parrott
London, 29 January 1998 (RFE/RL) -- A new report says the Siberian tiger, one of only five sub-species of the giant cat left in the wild, may be clawing its way back from the brink of extinction, partly because of the success of Russian anti-poaching measures.
The report says the number of Siberian, or Amur, tigers fell sharply after the collapse of the Soviet Union that led to the opening of the previously-sealed Sino-Russian border, and to increased poaching by gangs seeking to meet the commercial demand for tiger bones for use in traditional Chinese medicines.
But eight new anti-poaching brigades, and the effective policing of strict wildlife laws, are helping to save the Siberian tiger.
The report was published this week by a conservationist charity, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). Its release is timed to coincide with the Chinese New Year -- the Year of the Tiger -- and aims to focus attention on the illegal trade in tiger parts.
The report estimates that only 5,000 to 7,500 tigers remain in the wild today -- in the Russian Far East, India, South China, Indochina and Sumatra -- compared with 100,000 at the turn of the century. Thus, numbers have dwindled by up to 95 percent.
The reason for this steep decline is illegal hunting; the clearing of forests and grasslands for farming, logging and housing; and retaliation for attacks on local farmers' livestock. Another problem is depletion of the species on which tigers feed: deer and wild boar.
Three of the eight sub-species of tiger that existed 100 years ago have already been lost. The Bali tiger became extinct in the 1940s, the Caspian (which used to roam across the Caucasus and Central Asia) in the 1970s, and the Javan disappeared in the 1980s.
Today, the Bengal tiger may number only 3,000; the Indo-China tiger just over 1,000, and the Sumatran and Siberian each about 400. Most animals are in national parks or protected areas, outside of which they would not survive. The South China tiger is so rare the WWF does not even have a photograph of it. No more than 20 are believed to be alive today, compared with 4,000 in the 1950s.
Robin Pellew, director of the WWF-UK, said the Chinese Year of the Tiger will be crucial to the conservationists' fight for the animal's survival. He expressed hope that the interest sparked by the calendar event will serve as a catalyst for action and "help reverse the fortunes of this critically-endangered species."
The trade in body parts for use in Chinese medicines is banned in all the countries where the tiger exists, including Russia, and is illegal under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. But a significant black market keeps the trade alive.
In Cambodia, for instance, two or three tigers are killed by poachers every month, and tiger parts are openly sold on markets.
Tiger bones are used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating rheumatism; the flesh is supposed to have qualities in fighting malaria; and the eyeballs are taken to cure cataracts.
How to save the tiger? Encouraging news has come from the Russian Far East where loss of 60-70 animals to poachers each year in the early 1990s has been reduced by the new anti-poaching brigades. Poaching cases fell to 13 and 18 in 1995 and 1996.
These brigades not only stop the poachers in the forests and mountain ranges of Primorysky Krai and Khabarovsk Krai but deter the trade in tiger parts in cities such as Vladivostok and Ussuriysk. The brigades were set up by the Russian government with the support of U.S. and British conservation groups, including the WWF. The Russian government issued a decree in August, 1995, that declared the tiger one of the country's most valuable natural resources, and specified a federal program for its conservation.
Now, plans are underway to set up a network of protected areas covering 65,000 square kms that would support 70 resident female tigers, each capable of producing 6-9 cubs in their fertile years.
Pavel Fomenko, coordinator of the WWF's tiger conservation program in Vladivostok, said: "In the past four years we have made tremendous progress in the battle against poachers."
And a WWF official said: "We aim to make 1998, the Year of the Tiger, the Year for the tiger."