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Bimmerfest - BMW Forums > BMW Model Discussions > 3 Series & 4 Series
The BMW 3 Series and 4 Series Forum. If you would like to see all new posts in all the forums, click here.
I hate door dings
Mein Auto: 2004 325Ci
Is there any one who can explain why the Drag Coefficient for a 3 series coupe is 0.1 higher than a 3 series sedan?
The spec says the coupe has a lower body and the wind shield is also placed "flatter". I can't understand why a coupe can have a higher drag... It does not sound reasonable to pay more to get a higher drag coefficient.
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I like cookies.
Mein Auto: 328Ci
It is wider
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King of Rear Clunks
Location: OC, CA
Mein Auto: 01 325iT, 88 M6
I'm not an aerodynamicist but I think nate is right. The rear of the sedan narrows quite a bit, but remains on the tall side, both of which I believe aid in aerodynamics.
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Mr Paddle.Shift
Officially Welcomed to the 'Fest
Location: bmw
Mein Auto: bmw
What really intrigues me is how MB E class attains a 0.26 Cd. Simply amazing.
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thanks. I agree the extra width probably increases the drag more than the lowering of the body.
If I remember right, most Lexus are also in the 0.2* range. I guess there is a lot of room for improvement in a 3er.
Nick325xiT 5spd
Mein Auto: M3 & 323i/999 KP
Re: Drag Coefficient
Originally posted by yamato
You pay more for a less rigid chassis, as well. What's your point?
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The HACK
Rest in peace, Coach
Location: People's Republic of United States
Mein Auto: '06 MZ4C, '09 WRX Wagon
Originally posted by VinceTopasBlau3
It's not hard to create a car with low coefficient of drag. It is HARD to engineer a car without significant LIFT.
Take that same E class up to 150 mph and see if it's more stable than the 330i/Ci. Remember how the McLaren/Mercedes LeMans disaster?
"Bench racing" about track times driven by professionals are like a bunch of nerds arguing which Princess Leia is hotter, the slave Leia or the no-bra jail-bait Leia. No matter how compelling your argument is, the plain and simple fact is, none of you will EVER get to hit that.
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Re: Re: Drag Coefficient
Originally posted by Nick325xiT 5spd
I guess reasons for most people who purchase coupes over sedans would somehow hope for a better look and a little better performance? For me sacrificing some comfort, safety, $ ... does not matter too much. Drag coefficient is part of a performance parametrics which is nice if it is lower than a sedan.
Anyways, feels better now knowing the LIFT is another factor to consider. Thanks guys!!
XKxRome0ox
e46/f30/e90M3fanatic
Mein Auto: '08 e90 M3
the "problem" is that BMW just took the basic sedan design... and adjusted a little to make the windshield more angled and did stuff to make up for the lack of an additional pillar that the sedan has in between the front and rear doors...
i personally prefer the look of the coupes over the sedan...
but in terms of engineering, BMW did a better job with the sedans because the sedan is the original design and the coupe is a tweaked version of it
2008 BMW E90 M3
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Rotorblade
Mein Auto: Bmw x1
If the coupe has a lower body, it may have slightly higher Cd but the airdrag takes into account frontal area too which gives you CdA, and if you say the coupe is smaller in height, it should have lower frontal area reaulting in less airdrag. For example Bmw i8 doesn't have a very low cd(.26) but it has very small frontal area.
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STR8-6IX
Mein Auto: 2011 535i, 2009 328i
Originally Posted by Rotorblade
Theres much more to it then just the shape of the front.... And 0.26cd is a rather low number...
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Save lives in the red longsleeve Babe Guard T-shirt featuring the iconic Chromat Pool Rules. Also available in black.
Featured in our SS19: Saturation Runway Show.
This summer we launched the #ChromatPoolRules campaign with some inspiring #ChromatBABE Guards who set out to change the pool rules. No diving? How about no intolerance. Learn the Pool Rules here.
Unisex fit tee is 100% heavyweight cotton crew neck with screen-printed Sample Size on front and Chromat logo on back. Printed in Brooklyn from imported materials.


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Q: How to show find replace dialog in SourceViewer(On Shortcut Ctrl+F) I am using sourceViewer in a View, I have define command org.eclipse.ui.edit.findReplace and create a handler for the command to invoke FindReplace action.
I also define key bind to invoke the command(Ctrl+F)
Now i have override getAdapter method in View class, and added a check if the class equals org.eclipse.jface.text.IFindReplaceTarget then return textViewer.getFindReplaceTarget().
But nothing is working for me, neither on key shortcut (Ctrl+F), command is invoking nor check written for IFindReplaceTarget in getAdapter method is executing.
Can anyone please help me what went wrong or how to implement find replace functionality in SourceViewer?

A: I can't see anything in the Eclipse source that uses a Handler for this, rather they all use the older style actions. This is what org.eclipse.jdt.internal.debug.ui.display.DisplayView does:
FindReplaceAction findReplaceAction = new FindReplaceAction(bundle, "find_replace_action_", this);
findReplaceAction.setActionDefinitionId(IWorkbenchCommandConstants.EDIT_FIND_AND_REPLACE);
setGlobalAction(ActionFactory.FIND.getId(), findReplaceAction);

protected void setGlobalAction(String actionID, IAction action) {
    IActionBars actionBars = getViewSite().getActionBars();
    actionBars.setGlobalActionHandler(actionID, action);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Christians of XR respond to Church of England's 2030 net zero target
On the 12th February the Church of England synod voted to set its net zero emissions target at 2030. The date was proposed by Canon Professor Martin Gainsborough (Bristol), in an amendment that brought the target forward fifteen years earlier than the initially recommended date of 2045.
The Christians of Extinction Rebellion, known as Christian Climate Action, played a key role in getting this amendment passed. The group held a memorial service outside the entrance of Church House, where the debate was being held. The service was in remembrance of the children who have lost their lives in the climate emergency. During the service letters were read out from children calling for urgent action and banners were held reading '2045 is too late' and 'children need us to act now'.
Christian Climate Action emailed each of the Synod members prior to the day inviting them to the vigil. The owners of Dean's Yard, the courtyard area in front of Church House, tried initially to prevent the vigil from taking place by closing the yard. However, the vigil was redirected to entrance via Great Smith Street and took place on the pavement. At the end of the service, synod members were given small pots of snowdrops to take with them into the synod chamber as the net zero target was being debated. The snowdrop pots contained messages of encouragement to act, which had been written by children of St Michael in Lewes church.
Rev Helen Burnett, Vicar St Peter & St Paul's Chaldon who led the service reflects on the new target "this morning when we gathered, dressed in the black of mourning to find we were barred from Deans Yard and the iconic entrance to Church House, forced to regroup by the roadworks in Great Smith St it was hard to imagine that our words and music might touch the hearts of synod delegates, but as they accepted snowdrops and acknowledged our witness it felt like change might be possible.
"I was back in the parish by the time I heard that the 2030 amendment had passed. This is joy to all those at the grassroots who are setting out on the journey to a more sustainable way of living. Now it is for the whole church to support synod in making the dramatic, sometimes sacrificial changes necessary to achieve net zero and begin the journey towards climate justice."
Ruth Jarman, Christian Climate Action member and Mother of three from Hampshire who took part in the service says "I have been working and praying for decades for the church I love to be the prophetic community that the earth needs her to be. Today is an answer to my prayer"
Holly-Anna Petersen, 31, gave a reading at the memorial service on behalf of the Bangladeshi group Phulbari Solidarity – mourning the fact that at a protest of British mining company Global Coal Management, protestors came under paramilitary force, resulting in the shooting of 3 children. Reflecting on the result of the debate, she says "We, as the Church of England, have taken a bold and prophetic step today and shown that we are a faith that cares about the suffering of our neighbours around the world. Christian Climate Action is looking forward to working alongside the Church of England and environmental NGOs, as we make this target a reality. It's going to be tough work making this happen but I can't think of anything more worth our time and efforts."
Posted in: Comment | Tagged: CofE, synod
Christians to hold memorial service outside Church of England Synod
Vigil for the victims of climate change

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Die Ravine Languedoc (dt.: Schlucht Languedoc) ist ein Fluss auf der Karibikinsel St. Lucia.

Geographie
Der Fluss entspringt im Quarter Laborie nur etwa 500 m von der Grenze zum Quarter Vieux Fort entfernt in dem Tal, in dem auch die katholische Kirche St. Francis Xavier in Augier steht, und verläuft in südlicher Richtung. Er mündet zwischen Laborie und Vieux Fort in Black Bay in die Grande Rivière de l'Anse Noire, kurz bevor iese selbst in den Atlantik mündet. Auf den letzten Metern seines Verlaufs tritt er nochmals in das Quarter Vieux Fort ein und wieder aus.

Die benachbarten Flüsse sind Ravine Rozette im Osten und der Piaye River im Westen bei Sapphire.

Literatur
 Geografie der Welt – Eine Enzyklopädie, Bechtermünz Verlag, 1997, Seite 92, ISBN 3-86047-603-3

Fluss in der Karibik
Laborie (Quarter)
0Ravine Languedoc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I'm just working on a new utility for ProIV IDE, the 'Function Linkage Window'.
Below is a screen shot of the new utility.
On the left hand side a 'tree' grid displays all the functions in your system as they link to each other. The start function is specified in the toolbar above in the 'Root Function' field.
You can then click on a function and a graphical display of that function and the links to and from it are displayed in the window to the right.
Depending on the toolbar items 'Levels From' and 'Levels To', the window on the right displays that may levels of functions from and to the selected function.
Global functions are coloured Green as in the example, and have a button to the left to allow viewing of the input parameters.
If you mouse over a function, then a tooltip will display how the function links to and from the other functions.
The function type is displayed in the top left of each function box.
Each function can have a set of 'user notes' attached for you to type free hand text and descriptions about the function and its linkage. This is only saved locally to your PC.
If you double click or press return on a function in the right hand window, then that moves that function to the centre, and the links to and from it are redisplayed. So you can quickly navigate through the linkage path.
Periodically, you have to rebuild the function links, which on a system of 9000 functions takes about 2 minutes to run.
Then the data is transferred over to your PC, and a local version is used, until you do another rebuild.
Displaying the tree initially takes only about 10 seconds, and navigation down the tree and displaying the links in the right hand side is instantaneous.
Is it picking up only hard-coded @LFUNCT variables? Does it show @EFUNCT linkages too? or @SFUNCT?
What about linkages that are changed in Global Logics (or Global Logics called from Global Logics), or in the Global Functions thenselves?
What about setting @LFUNCT to File Variables or Scratch variables, or Scratch variables concatenated from combinations of variables? Or does it give a warning that the Function is connecting to something else.
(I only ask as someone who has written this sort of thing before!).
Yes it copes with function looping.
With the tree display on the left, if I get to a function that I have already processed in the tree, then I add that function in to the tree, and then I dont go down any deeper for that 'branch'.
For the display on the right, I display all the links, and it will just loop around if you keep clicking on the next function.
I could try to popup a warning for the right hand side, if you start navigating through the links and you get to a function that has already been display. I'll have a think about it..
I have got @LFUNCT & @EFUNCT, and if they are set by @$COM vars, I'll try to include File vars also.
But I can make it warn, if File Vars are used.
Done Global Logics, but I did not think about Global Functions changing @LFUNCT, which causes the calling function to change links... thanks.


Late at night clear sky lying on my back outdoors eyes wide open in relaxed state. came into focus slow moving seemed like hundreds of varied sizes and shapes ships clearly defined. took up the whole sky. very high altitude. very congested but like they were sight seeing or something. going in different directions at different rates of slow speed. semi rural area very dark night but clear and a moon. they were all the same light gold brownish like they were in a illuminated mist. but clear. no sound or lights.


About us: OpenSpace is a young company started by three veteran tech founders and engineers. Jeevan Kalanithi, the CEO, sold his first company, Sifteo, to 3D Robotics, where he became the President. 3DR, a 200+ person company, launched a drone which made $45M in its first year. Philip DeCamp, the CTO, was most recently a machine vision Research Scientist at MIT, where he completed his PhD (and Masters, and BS). Michael Fleischman, Chief Science Officer, started a company, Bluefin Labs, which specialized in analysis of massive amounts of video; Bluefin became one of Twitter's largest acquisitions. Michael's PhD is also in machine vision from MIT.
All three are MIT grad school buddies and are psyched to build a new company together.
We expect you to have a wide variety of software skills with a proven focus in computer vision. You will be building systems that work in real world environments. You are the kind of person that is stoked to build whatever it takes to deliver delightful, robust and (dare I say it) magical systems for end users.
Ship real products that people in the real world actually use!
BS in computer science or equivalent experience. You probably have an MS or PhD.


To help prepare for the 2016 production season, Farm Credit Mid-America has arranged a snapshot of the economic landscape in Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee, trends that are likely to affect your operation, and recommendations to assist you in making the most informed decisions possible.
We're seeing the grain segment pay close attention to working capital and expenses for this production year. As for livestock, particularly hogs and poultry, our customers saw tremendous growth in the fourth quarter. Land values have remained strong, with only a slight decrease in prices.
Indiana farmers are approaching 2016 by taking an in-depth look at all input costs. As in 2015, current assets and liabilities will need to be reviewed and closely monitored. Grain farmers are prepared to remain in a lower grain market for the next few years and are making critical evaluations of input needs such as equipment and seed traits.
As in any year, we recommend farmers sit down with their financial partner and bring their 2015 balance sheet so they both understand their cash build/burn rate and how to prepare for the next production season. It's extremely crucial in these conversations to bring the farm's long-term plan of what the next two to three years could look like.
With low commodity prices and declining fertilizer costs at the end of 2015, grain farmers saw little incentive to pull the trigger on many typical year-end purchases. We continue to see producers store grain in anticipation of selling for higher prices at a later time.
Overall, continued high costs of inputs continue to be a challenge for producers as prices remain low. We're seeing some loan requests for reimbursement of funds for items where cash was originally used, as producers are looking to replenish some cash back into their operations while delaying capital expenditures.
As we approach the 2016 production season, we recommend farmers look at their past production history over a period of at least five years and identify agronomic needs to maximize their yields. Additionally, farmers may consider looking at the potential of their acres for added value and for planting and producing corn for ethanol use.
The landscape in Kentucky is healthy, thanks to record corn and soybean yields in much of the western part of the state. The cattle market has seen some slowdown over the past two months, but overall prices are still profitable. For 2016, we see many farmers in our state approaching agriculture cautiously optimistic.
Trends in Kentucky are consistent with other states in our area. Equipment sales are slowing, grain farmers are storing grain in hopes of selling for higher prices, and high costs of inputs will continue to be a challenge. The diminishing capital position is reflective of farmers working through a year with lower grain prices.
We recommend farmers look at areas where they can hold on to cash in their operations and where costs can be cut, including cash rent prices. A key part of cutting costs is examining rate structure with a lender. Rates will continue to increase in 2016, so it's a good time to fix rates, especially on long-term obligations such as farm real-estate loans. Payment changes as a result of rate changes can have a serious impact on operations.
The agricultural landscape remains positive for Tennessee. Generally, farmers ended 2015 better than anticipated. Above-average crop yields across the state helped offset the effects of lower grain prices, resulting in a decent year for most. Livestock producers continue to benefit from lower grain prices.
Overall, farmers have become much more conservative with their spending. Debt reduction, building working capital and cutting expenses have become the emphasis versus buying capital items or real estate. We have seen some reduction in land rents and expect to see further reductions.
Going forward, we recommend farmers be knowledgeable about their cost of production, and obtain assistance with their grain marketing and forward contracting if needed. Operations should be scrutinized for expenses that can be reduced or eliminated. Additionally, on balance sheets, debt structure should match the purpose of the loan or the asset securing the debt. As always, farmers should consider building working capital and fixing the interest rate on any borrowed funds with terms longer than a year.


Experienced Nurse Practitioner or Physician Assistant needed for Cardiology Outpatient Clinic on the northeastern side of Hawaii in the beautiful city of Hilo. The provider will be working collaboratively with the Cardiology team of Interventional Cardiologists and a general cardiologist in their outpatient clinic. This is a day shift schedule and position does come with 13 paid holidays a year, 4 weeks of vacation and 21 sick days. Medical, dental, vision and Prescription Drug Coverage is also provided. This well-known health organization also offers the Island FLEX plan which offers ways to pay on a before-tax basis. .


Naruto and company return with Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 3 developed by the QTE masters over at CyberConnect2. It's a return to form for the series after the disappointment that was Generations.
Naruto dresses up as Goku in this interesting bit of costume DLC available in all first run copies of Ultimate Ninja Storm 3. Plus, a small breakdown of other pre-order goodies.


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Rajender Bhatia
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The Diwali week is over – I hope everyone had a great and joyful Diwali. As you would expect, last week we were slow on stories, but we still had a few that were quite buzzing. Here is a quick wrap-up of those buzzing stories that we published on trak.in last week.
India's largest ecommerce portal has just inked India's largest office space deal in Bangalore. 3 million square feet of office space in Bangalore would now be used by Flipkart to house its ever-burgeoning staff.
According to TRAI report for August 2014, Indian Mobile operators added a total of 5.6 million new mobile subscribers in month of August. Active subscriber base has now reached 807 million.
With Millions of Indians purchasing expensive gadgets, and mishandling them at the same time, a new insurance niche has come up which was unheard of in the last few years Gadget Insurance & Extended Warranty.
Habits synchronize our minds and make us feel safe. But the problem is, habits are easier to form, but almost impossible to break. Just ask a smoker, and he will tell the truth. Here is the easiest way to break a bad habit.
Here is a list of some of the most happening and Top 10 mergers and acquisitions in India in the year 2014. This year the deals were some of the most talked about in media.
Diwali – 2014 is witnessing unprecedented sales of various consumer good products all over the country. And the good news is that both ecommerce and brick-and-mortar stores are witnessing excellent sales volume.
Labeled as a 'Medium Severity Rating', which is considered quite a threat to national security, Indian Air Force (IAF) has released a fresh warning against using Xiaomi mobile phones.
Indian eCommerce market, which is currently pegged at Rs 78,000 crore ($13 billion) is all set to cross Rs 5,40,000 crore ($90 billion) by 2019, an increase of 700% in 5 years.
Government has announced that starting next month all replies given under RTI by various ministries will be posted online and will be accessible by anyone and everyone.
Microsoft has made official announcement that the brand Nokia will be killed forever, and all future phones from Microsoft will be branded as Microsoft Lumia.
Filing RTI Application Online in 10 Mins [Full Process]!


David Lindsay is the author of "The Tay Son Rebellion, Historical Fiction of Eighteenth- Century Vietnam," that covers a bloody civil war from 1770 to 1802. Find more about it at TheTaySonRebellion.com, also known as, DavidLindsayJr.com. David Lindsay is currently writing about Climate Change and the Sixth Extinction., as well as singing and performing a "folk concert" on Climate Change and the Sixth Extinction. He can be reached at daljr37(at)gmail.com.
This entry was posted in Foreign Affairs and U.S.ForeignPolicy and tagged Can Jim Mattis Hold the Line in Trump's 'War Cabinet'? - By ROBERT F. WORTH - NYT. Bookmark the permalink.


The Millennial Search for Meaning is on the move.
"Anything I should make sure to do while I'm up there?" I asked the ranger at the Joshua Tree Visitor's Center.
I was exhausted, which, I know, I mention in pretty much every post -- but this time, I'd stayed up most of the night finishing "Parentification," the latest podcast episode. I'd spent the morning attempting to jolt myself awake with 16 ounces of opaque coffee while catching up on emails at a yuppified hangout close to the road leading up to the park. Now, I hopped in the car, turned my phone on airplane mode and started winding my way through the low-lying rock formations toward Joshua Tree National Park.
It was with reluctance that I'd departed from San Diego a few days before. San Diego is a soothing place -- I'd made friends in the relatively short time I spent there, and laughed and hung out with my longtime best friend. But after ten days and an overstayed welcome, it had seemed like time to leave. I drove through the dry dust of I-15, past windmills, red cliffs, billboards, and small towns. I pulled over to watch a train wind around the base of a bluff.
For the next few days, I laid low at the Harmony Motel, a historic motel in Twenty-Nine Palms, and took advantage of having a roof over my head to furiously catch up on the work on which I constantly seemed to be slipping behind. I took a break only to stop by the grocery store in Twenty-Nine palms and go on a quick run in the craggy rock formations on the outskirts.
Now, it was time to disappear.
Drifting away from cell service, I entered a flat landscape bordered by a rise of hills -- Twenty-Nine Palms and the Harmony Motel, my temporary home from earlier that day -- were just on the other side. As I drove, granite boulders loomed up to reflect the vintage-colored sun in their clasts. Joshua Trees duplicated themselves across a soft and seemingly endless ground.
I drove through the Jumbo Rock campsite and was surprised to find it full, something that struck me as very Californian. At every other site, there was a group of other millennials unloading their cars, setting up tents, poking campfires, and shouting to their friends.
When I'd added Joshua Tree to my list of destinations, I'd considered it a social opportunity, throwing my climbing shoes in my car as an afterthought. Maybe I'd camp out for a week, or even two. Maybe I'd find a group of dirtbaggers and settle in for awhile. But even though I'd been alone now for a few days, all I wanted at this point was solitude.
I was three weeks into the roadtrip, and at the moment, tired of explaining, listening, and relating. I just wanted to lie low for at least a night and sleep for maybe twelve hours. As the sun set, I found a spot in the quiet, small Belle Campground. I set up my tent, took a quick walk to catch the last of the sunset, ate some dinner in the light of my headlamp, and crawled into my tent. Ahhh.
It's the first week of 2017 now (I'm writing this post a little late), and I'm noticing just how much time we spend thinking of the ways we need to push ourselves. It's undeniable that drive is an essential factor for success, however you define that. But I've often said I want to be everything, do everything, see everything. This, not surprisingly, is a burden.
This is what leads me to stay up all night in a hotel room cutting an episode that may or may not be listened to. This is what makes it hard for me to sit still. This is why, later in the trip, I will pull over at a rest stop in Arizona and have a phone meeting with a client, then pull over at a rest stop in New Mexico to get a workout in, then later arrive in Texas. And this is what makes me need to crash for twelve hours when I'm finally horizontal.
This drive of mine sometimes allows me to get that "everything" that I'm looking for. But sometimes, instead, it means my life is full of fragments. Because if you want to have everything, you may only be able to exist in a sample shop.
Zipping up my tent at about 6 pm on this dark, cold, and cloudy evening in Joshua Tree, I'm surrounded by my favorite things: practical, portable pieces of camping gear I've curated for moments like these. My tent, a Marmot Earlylight given to me by my grandmother years ago with the suggestion that I use it as often as possible, feels just the right size for my small frame and my dreams. My Thermarest, a purple, faded, and sap-stained relic from my late teens, has kept me off the ground in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, California, Montana, Oregon, Alaska, and dozens of other places in the last ten years. My 0-degree Marmot Ourey sleeping bag, which I'd bought when I maybe should have been paying rent this fall, was just the right amount of warmth for the 40-degree Joshua Tree night.
This is all I need right now, right here, to love myself. The existence of these items my life is a reminder of what I strive for, what I'm running toward: self-sufficiency, mobility, that feeling of being suspended in a vast world where I finally have space to think. That feeling of wanting to be warm and then being able to keep myself warm. Of wanting to hop in my car and drive somewhere, and then doing it.
I don't believe in God -- I'm not religious at all, in fact -- but I can't help myself right now. I write in my journal: "Dear GOD, I am grateful for this moment." Because I'm so grateful, and I don't know who or what to be grateful toward. The gratitude spreads throughout my body, soaring through my chest and into my toes and fingertips. It becomes a feeling of elation.
Maybe, in this moment of stasis, I have found it: the vortex of simplicity where I can, in fact, have everything.


text:
Ein Katalog an Grundrechten war bereits im albertinischen Statut, seit Erlass 1848 Kernbestandteil der materiellen Verfassung Piemont-Sardiniens bzw. des Königreichs Italien, enthalten. Da ein übergeordneter Verfassungsrang des Statutes aber nicht vorgesehen war, konnten Gesetze, die sich auf derselben Rangstufe befanden, Grundrechte einschränken oder de facto abschaffen. Eine förmliche Außerkraftsetzung der Grundrechte war also nicht nötig.

Nach über zwanzig Jahren faschistischer Diktatur erarbeitete die Verfassungsgebende Versammlung während des Jahres 1947 die Verfassung der zu gründenden Italienischen Republik. Für diese war nun Verfassungsrang vorgesehen. An die grundlegenden Rechtssätze der Verfassung, die leges generales für alle weiteren Verfassungsbestimmungen (also auch für die Grundrechte) bilden, schließt sich der I. Teil der Verfassung (Art. 13–54) an, der den garantierten Katalog der Grundrechte enthält. Unter diesem Begriff werden die Grundrechte im engeren Sinn (bürgerliche, soziale und wirtschaftliche Rechte) sowie die politischen Rechte der Staatsbürger verstanden. Typisch für die Grundrechte in der italienischen Rechtsordnung ist ihre starke soziale Komponente; Arbeiter und wirtschaftlich unterlegene werden umfassend geschützt.

Adressat und Träger
Die Grundrechte werden in sogenannte "Jedermannrechte" und Rechte, welche nur den Staatsbürgern zustehen, unterteilt. Dies ist aber nicht nur der Benennung im jeweiligen Artikel zu entnehmen. Bereits Artikel 3 der Verfassung, welcher formelle und materielle Gleichstellung der Staatsbürger vorsieht, wurde im Nachhinein dahingehend interpretiert, als dass im Sinne der in Artikel 2 garantierten "unverletzlichen Rechte des Menschen" umfassende Gleichheit nicht nur für Bürger der Italienischen Republik, sondern auch für Fremde und Staatenlose, also alle Menschen, zu gelten hat. Die politischen Rechte gelten aber jedenfalls nur für Staatsbürger. Dies geht jedoch unbeschadet der Neuerungen, welche durch die garantierte Freizügigkeit der Bürger der Europäischen Union eingeführt wurden; so haben alle EU-Bürger in dem Mitgliedsstaat, in dem sie ansässig sind, das Recht darauf, in ihrer Wohngemeinde an Kommunalwahlen teilzunehmen.

Einschränkbarkeit und Garantien
Charakteristisch ist, dass jedes einzelne dieser Grundrechte prinzipiell nicht beschnitten werden kann. Die Möglichkeit ihrer Einschränkung im Sinne des Allgemeinwohles hängt vom Bestehen eines Gesetzesvorbehaltes (riserva di legge) ab. Dies soll die Eingriffsmöglichkeiten der Exekutive bzw. der Verwaltung einschränken: diese darf (prinzipiell, Ausnahmen, wie die Akte mit Gesetzeskraft, sehen eine strikte parlamentarische Kontrolle vor) nur mittels Normen sekundären Ranges (Verordnungen, Verwaltungsmaßnahme etc.) tätig werden. Diese hängen wiederum vom Bestehen eines Gesetzes, also eines Willensaktes der demokratisch legitimierten Volksvertretung, ab: die Verwaltungsakte dürfen zum einen nicht dem Gesetz widersprechen, andererseits müssen sie sogar ausdrücklich in diesem vorgesehen sein. Dieses sogenannte "Legalitätsprinzip" ist in der Verfassung zwar nicht ausdrücklich vorgesehen; lediglich Artikel 97 Verf. spricht von einem Aufbau der Verwaltung in der Weise, als dass ihre "gute Führung" sowie ihre "Unparteilichkeit" gewährt sei. Im Sinne einer (notwendigerweise) liberalen Auslegung einer liberalen Verfassung, welche summa summarum der Rechtsstaatlichkeit verpflichtet ist, ist es jedoch als fundamentales Prinzip der Verfassungsordnung anerkannt.

Der Gesetzgeber wird in seiner Tätigkeit zur Einschränkung der Grundrechte vom Verfassungsgerichtshof kontrolliert. Dieser überprüft, ob sich der Gesetzgeber an die zulässigen Grenzen des Gesetzesvorbehaltes gehalten hat; im negativen Falle erklärt er zu invasive Bestimmungen für verfassungswidrig. Dies wird anhand dessen überprüft, ob der "Wesenskern" (nucleo essenziale) der Grundrechte gewahrt bleibt: die Aufstellung eines Kataloges der Grundrechte, dessen verfassungsrechtliche Verankerung und die Ausstattung mit Gesetzesvorbehalten Zweck einer im Sinne des Allgemeinwohls zulässigen Einschränkung wäre vollkommen sinnfrei, wenn sich diese Möglichkeit zur vollkommenen Aushöhlung der Grundrechte nutzen ließe.

Diese Argumentation wurde so weit fortentwickelt, als dass nicht einmal durch Verfassungsgesetze die Grundrechte abgeschafft werden können. Zwar sind, im Unterschied zur Bundesrepublik Deutschland, die unveräußerlichen Rechte des Menschen nicht durch ein explizites Änderungsverbot geschützt (vgl. Art. 79 Abs. 3 des Grundgesetzes). Jedoch hat der Verfassungsgerichtshof erkannt, dass die Grundrechte einen solch wesentlichen Pfeiler des Gesamtkonzeptes der liberalen, rechtsstaatlichen Verfassung bilden, dass ihr zumindest grundsätzliches Weiterbestehen Bedingung für die weitere Legitimität der Verfassungsordnung sei; diese würde durch ihre Abschaffung kollabieren. Somit stellt der Wesenskern der Grundrechte eine implizite Schranke für den Verfassungsgesetzgeber dar; Verfassungsgesetze, welche dies nicht beachten, sind als verfassungswidriges Verfassungsrecht zu verwerfen.

Grundrechte im Einzelnen

Überblick

Bürgerliche Rechte im Einzelnen (Art. 13-28 Verf.)
Die persönliche Freiheit wird in Artikel 13 geregelt. Eingriffe dürfen nur aufgrund einer vorherigen richterlichen Verfügung erfolgen. Diese sowie die Ausnahmefälle, in denen die Verfügung nachträglich eingeholt werden kann, sind durch Gesetz zu regeln. Auch besteht ein Verbot der körperlichen und seelischen Gewaltanwendung im Zuge der Freiheitsbeschränkung, also zusammengefasst das Verbot der Folter und der demütigenden Behandlung. Auch die Dauer der eventuellen Untersuchungshaft sei nur durch das Gesetz zu regeln.

Die Unverletzlichkeit der Wohnung ist in Artikel 14 vorgesehen. Im Zuge der Rechtsprechung zur Verfassung wurde der Mangel offensichtlich, dass es kein explizites Recht auf die Privatsphäre sowie den Datenschutz (diritto alla privacy) gibt (letzteres ist allerdings eine recht neue Erscheinung, welche 1948 wohl wenig gewichtig war). Der Artikel wird in solchem Maße interpretiert, als dass nicht nur jede Art von Wohnräumlichkeit, sondern auch der Arbeitsplatz, ein Vereinslokal und sogar der Kofferraum eines Autos und im Grunde jeder Ort, an den sich Menschen zurückziehen können, unverletzlich ist. Jeder habe das Recht, sein Leben im Privaten selbst zu gestalten, und es soll vermutet werden, dass dies auf rechtmäßige Weise geschehe. Dies alles gilt auch für juristische Personen. Überwachungen, Durchsuchungen und Beschlagnahmungen bedürfen der gesetzlichen Ermächtigung. Hier findet sich zum ersten Mal die Rechtsfigur des verstärkten Gesetzesvorbehaltes, welcher nicht nur vorsieht, dass der Eingriff mit Gesetz zu erfolgen habe, sondern dem Gesetz auch Regelungsschranken setzt; Erhebungen und Untersuchungen dürfen zwar durch Gesetz vorgesehen werden, jedoch nur im Sinne der öffentlichen Gesundheit und Sicherheit sowie aus wirtschaftlichen und steuerlichen Gründen. Hieraus wird ein umfassender Datenschutz abgeleitet.

Artikel 15 schützt das Brief- und Fernmeldegeheimnis. Der Schutzbereich umfasst alle Arten, mittels derer Menschen mit anderen Menschen in Kontakt treten können. Im Unterschied zum Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung ist hier nicht die öffentliche, sondern die private Nachrichtenübermittlung zu schützen. Die Kommunikation darf nicht beschränkt werden, noch darf sie eingesehen werden, noch darf ein Dritter, welcher ein Schrifterzeugnis zufällig erhält, dieses einsehen oder veröffentlichen. Einschränkungen bedürfen einer richterlichen Verfügung, welche gesetzlichen Garantien folgt.

Die Freizügigkeit, geregelt in Artikel 16, gestattet es jedem Staatsbürger (und im Zuge der europäischen Integration auch jedem anderen Bürger eines EU-Staates) sich frei auf dem Staatsgebiet aufzuhalten und zu bewegen. Auch hier findet sich ein verstärkter Gesetzesvorbehalt: die Freizügigkeit darf nur beschränkt werden, wenn dies die öffentliche Gesundheit und Sicherheit verlangt (z. B. Bekämpfung von Epidemien oder Terrorismus). Ebenfalls steht es den (EU-)Bürgern zu, die Republik zu verlassen und wieder einzureisen; mit Gesetz kann dies jedoch an bestimmte Voraussetzungen geknüpft sein, wie z. B. den Besitz eines Ausweisdokumentes.

Artikel 17 sieht die die Versammlungsfreiheit vor. Mögliche Orte einer Versammlung werden in drei Kategorien geteilt: private Orte (Zutritt bedarf einer Einladung), öffentlich zugängliche Orte (Zutritt ist an bestimmte Bedingungen geknüpft, z. B. Zahlung eines Eintrittes, Mindestalter) sowie öffentliche Orte (Zutritt ist jedem gewährt). Nur für letztere bedarf es einer spätestens drei Tage vorher einzuholenden behördlichen Genehmigung. Dies ist das einzige Grundrecht, welches durch die Exekutive selbstständig eingeschränkt werden kann, jedoch nur aus Gründen der öffentlichen Ordnung und Sicherheit. Jedenfalls haben alle Versammlungen ohne Waffen und friedlich zu erfolgen. Es sei beachtet, dass Artikel 17 nur die Versammlung selbst, aber nicht jene Tätigkeiten, die im Zuge der Versammlung entstehen, unter Schutz stellt.

Die Vereinigungsfreiheit im Artikel 18 gestattet es allen Bürgern, sich zu Vereinigungen zusammenzuschließen, welche jedwede Zielsetzung verfolgen können. Von Versammlungen unterscheiden sich Vereinigungen durch ihren permanenten Charakter, den relativ beständigen Mitgliedskreis, die innere Organisation sowie ein festgelegtes Ziel oder Interesse. Eingeschränkt können Vereinigungen nur werden, wenn ein Verstoß gegen das Strafrecht zu befürchten ist. Die positive Vereinigungsfreiheit umfasst die Freiheit, eine solche zu gründen, ihr beizutreten und ihre innere Struktur festzulegen. Die negative Versammlungsfreiheit umfasst das Recht, aus einer Vereinigung auszutreten oder gar nicht Mitglied zu werden. Geheimverbände sind verboten, sowie auch paramilitärische Vereinigungen, welche politische Zwecke verfolgen. Dies in Erinnerung an die sogenannten fasci di combattimento, welche die Machtübernahme durch die Faschisten vorbereitet und unterstützt hatten. Prinzipiell würden auch so die Südtiroler Schützen unter dieses Verbot fallen. Dem logischen Zusammenhang wurde allerdings entnommen, dass paramilitärische Einheiten, welche sich hauptsächlich kulturellen, sportlichen oder erzieherischen Tätigkeiten widmen, nicht unter dieses Verbot fallen.

Als Fortführung der Bestimmungen des Artikel 8 gewährt Artikel 19 allen Menschen, ob einzeln oder gemeinschaftlich organisiert, die Religionsfreiheit. Dies umfasst die Freiheit, sich zum Glauben zu bekennen, dafür zu werben und ihn im Privaten und in der Öffentlichkeit auszuüben, sofern er nicht gegen die guten Sitten (buon costume) verstößt. Artikel 20 verbietet es, Vereinigungen oder Einrichtungen nur aufgrund ihres religiösen oder kultischen Charakters irgendwelche gesetzlichen Beschränkungen oder steuerliche Belastungen aufzuerlegen.

Die Meinungs-, Presse-, Nachrichten- und Darstellungsfreiheit des Artikels 21 ist unter den Grundrechten der Artikel mit der längsten Textfassung. Prinzipiell wird jedem gestattet, durch Wort, Schrift und jedes andere zur Verbreitung geeignete Mittel (also auch moderne digitale Massenmedien) seine Gedanken zu äußern. Die Meinungsfreiheit ist dabei sowohl Voraussetzung für diverse andere Grundrechte, wie die Versammlungs-, Vereinigungs- und Religionsfreiheit, als auch für das Bestehen eines demokratischen Staates, welcher ja auf die Mitwirkung seiner Bürger in der öffentlichen Entscheidungsfindung aufgebaut ist. Weder Vor- noch Nachzensur oder sonstwelche Beschränkungen seitens der Behörden sind gestattet. Presseerzeugnisse dürfen eventuell beschlagnahmt werden, insoweit dies von einem Richter aufgrund der Ermächtigung durch das Presserecht verfügt wird; Beschlagnahmungen ohne richterliche Verfügung sind nur in dringlichen Fällen möglich und absolut nichtig, sofern dies vom Richter nicht binnen 24 Stunden bestätigt wird. Zur Schaffung einer transparenten Medienlandschaft dürfen die Finanzquellen der regelmäßig erscheinenden Druckausgaben öffentlich bekannt gegeben werden. Ebenfalls dürfen durch das Gesetz die "guten Sitten" geschützt werden (Jugendschutz etc.). Die Bestimmungen des Artikels sind nicht nur als persönliches Recht zu sehen, sondern sind auch durchaus programmatisch: der Staat habe die Aufgabe, dafür zu sorgen, dass faktische Hindernisse der Meinungsfreiheit und der freien Information beseitigt werden, wie z. B. Monopole oder Zugangshürden im Bereich der Medien.

Artikel 22 bestimmt, dass niemandem aus politischen Gründen Staatsbürgerschaft, Rechtsfähigkeit oder der Name entzogen werden kann.

Artikel 23 stellt die Einhebung von persönlichen (Wehrpflicht, Laiengerichtsbarkeit etc.) oder vermögensrechtlichen (z. B. Steuern) Leistungen unter einen Gesetzesvorbehalt.

Recht (Italien)


text:
A rupia é a moeda corrente oficial do Sri Lanka, dividida em 100 centavos. É emitida pelo Banco Central do Sri Lanka. O código da moeda é LKR, e o símbolo é ₨ (ou, às vezes, SL₨).

As cédulas da rupia cingalesa têm a particularidade de ser  impressas verticalmente no verso.

História
Em 1825, quando o Sri Lanka (então conhecido como Ceilão) era uma colônia britânica, a libra esterlina tornou-se a moeda oficial, substituindo o rixdollar cingalês, a uma taxa de £ 1 = 13⅓ rixdollars. Bônus do tesouro  emitidos em libras foram lançados em 1827, substituindo os precedentes bônus em rixdollars. Os bônus em rixdollars que não trocados perderam o valor em 1831.

Em 26 de setembro de 1836, a rupia indiana tornou-se a moeda oficial do Ceilão. Porém os bônus do tesouro emitidos em libras continuaram a circular, juntamente com a rupia, e as contas continuaram a ser feitas em libras, shillings e pence. Todavia, os pagamentos eram efetuados em rupias e annas (1 anna = 1/16 de rupia), a um valor nominal fictício de 2 shillings por rupia (ou seja, 1 libra = 10 rupias).

Em 1844, o Banco do Ceilão foi o primeiro banco privado a emitir cédulas na ilha, e os bônus do tesouro foram retirados de circulação em 1856.

A rupia indiana foi formalmente estabelecida como moeda legal em 18 de junho de 1869. Em 23 de agosto de 1871, a rupia foi decimalizada e tornou-se a moeda do Ceilão e a única a ter curso legal a partir de 1° de janeiro de 1872, substituindo a divisa britânica, convertida à razão de 1 rupia para 2 shillings e 3 pence.

Moedas da Ásia
Economia do Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka


This video shows the heavy rain and wind at the time the tornado was reported in Greerton. Supplied video.
A mini tornado is reported to have blown through Greerton this morning.
"Not much damage but sent the big orange roadwork hoardings flying and road workers running in all directions to stop them hitting traffic.
"They did a real good job. Wind sure shook the car around "
A severe weather warning is in place for the Bay of Plenty as an active front moves over New Zealand.
Heavy rain is expected throughout the day, with strong westerly winds easing later this afternoon.


text:
Macquarie fund-led team acquires public utility Cleco Corporation
A group of North American long-term infrastructure investors led by Macquarie Infrastructure and Real Assets (MIRA) and British Columbia Investment Management Corporation (bcIMC), together with John Hancock Financial and other infrastructure investors, have agreed to acquire Cleco Corporation, a Louisiana-based public utility holding company and owner of regulated electric utility Cleco Power LLC.
The agreement values Cleco at approximately $4.7 billion, including approximately $1.3 billion of assumed debt.
The new owners announced they will refinance Cleco's existing bank debt at closing.
Under the terms of the agreement, the new owners will acquire all outstanding shares of Cleco Corporation for $55.37 per share in cash. The price represents approximately a 15 percent premium to Cleco's closing price of $48.27 on October 17, 2014, the last trading day prior to the announcement of the agreement.
The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions, including the approval of Cleco shareholders, the approval of the Louisiana Public Service Commission (LPSC) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), and the expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act. The transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2015.
In addition, following the close of the transaction, Cleco will continue to operate as an independent company led by local management and will maintain its headquarters in Pineville, La. Cleco's chief executive officer, senior utility management, and leaders of corporate support functions will all be Louisiana residents as will at least four members of Cleco's board of directors, including its chair. Cleco and the new owners have made additional commitments to the LPSC including that no changes will be made to Cleco's operations, staffing levels (currently approximately 1,200 employees), compensation levels or employee and retiree benefits programs as a result of the transaction.
Bruce Williamson, Cleco's chairman, president and chief executive officer, said:
"With this agreement, Cleco's existing investors will receive an exceptional value for their shares to top off a superior total shareholder return of the past few years, and our customers and employees can expect us to retain our strong commitment to service and reliability. The board and management worked together in structuring this transaction to deliver a premium valuation to our public shareholders and ensure a continued local presence in the communities Cleco serves. This agreement is the right transaction for our shareholders, employees, retirees, and customers of all types. The new owners understand the value Cleco brings to the region and are committed to Cleco's strategy as a safe, reliable electricity provider positioned to meet Louisiana's long-term power needs."
Chris Leslie, chief executive officer of Macquarie Infrastructure Partners III (MIP III), the MIRA-managed fund leading the acquisition, said:
"A well-run utility like Cleco, operating in an environment in which our experience and expertise can help drive additional growth, represents a very good opportunity for our investors," said . "Our ownership group has significant experience with large utilities in the United States and around the world. We value having quality local management, and we support these independent businesses in their efforts to grow and prosper over the long-term."
Lincoln Webb, senior vice president, Infrastructure for bcIMC, said:
"Cleco is an attractive infrastructure business operating in a stable, regulated environment. We are delighted to invest in Cleco - a strong and respected company based and doing business in the State of Louisiana. Cleco complements our existing infrastructure portfolio and is considered a long-term investment for bcIMC and our pension plan and insurance fund clients."
Recep Kendircioglu, managing director, Power & Project Finance Team for John Hancock Life Insurance Company, said:
"Utility investing is a core part of our investment strategy. We serve as a strategic funding partner for utility and infrastructure build-out throughout North America, and we are very pleased to be a part of this investor group."
Upon closing, Darren Olagues, currently president of Cleco's utility operating company, Cleco Power LLC, is expected to become president and chief executive officer of Cleco. Olagues has worked with Cleco for more than seven years and has over 20 years of utility industry experience. He was chief financial officer of Cleco Corporation and senior vice president of Cleco Midstream Resources prior to assuming his current position in 2013. A Louisiana native, Olagues will continue to be based out of the company's headquarters in Pineville.
Goldman Sachs & Co. and Tudor, Pickering, Holt & Co. are serving as financial advisors to Cleco, and Locke Lord LLP is the company's legal advisor. Hunton & Williams LLP is serving as legal counsel to the independent members of the Cleco board of directors.
Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc. is serving as financial advisor to the MIRA and bcIMC-led investor group. Kirkland & Ellis LLP is serving as its legal counsel. Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP is serving as legal counsel to bcIMC.
▶Macquarie fund-led team acquires public utility Cleco Corporation
Related funds
▶Macquarie Infrastructure Partners III LP
▶British Columbia Investment Management Corporation (bcIMC)
▶Goldman Sachs Bank
▶John Hancock Life Insurance
▶Kirkland & Ellis LLP
▶Macquarie Infrastructure and Real Assets (MIRA)


Dak Prescott, QB, Miss State – While Prescott looked mostly as projected in drills, he really impressed in team interviews (by all reports). A solid leader with real football intelligence has many teams overlooking his accuracy concerns and has his stock as high as late 2nd-early 3rd and most likely the 5th QB off the board.
Ezekial Elliot, RB, Ohio State – It's usually difficult to raise your stock if you are already the #1 prospect at your position, but Elliot absolutely owned the Combine. A 4.47 in the 40 and smooth work in drills has him potentially in the Top 10 of this draft.
Daniel Lasco, RB, California – While probably best served as a 3rd down/change-of-pace back, Lasco showed really impressive explosiveness (4.46 in the 40, 41.5" vertical and 11'3" broad jump) and strength (23 reps of 225lbs) for a man his size (6' 209lbs) that should separate him from the pack in rounds 3-5.
Josh Doctson, WR, TCU – Though not as tall as reported in college (6'2" 202lbs), Doctson none the less vaulted easily into the #2 WR on my board and with a late 1st-early 2nd round grade. A 4.5 in the 40 and a 41" vertical in addition to smooth hand-catching in drills shows why Doctson was so dominant at TCU.
Will Fuller, WR, Notre Dame – A 4.32 in the 40 is bound to get you noticed but Fuller offered even more than that in drills. While not ideal by size (6'0 186lbs and 8.25" hands) Fuller mastered the gauntlet drill and looked like potentially the best deep threat in this WR class.
Ben Braunecker, TE, Harvard – No report on if Braunecker aced the Wunderlic test yet, but his Combine numbers were definitely noticed. At 6'3" and 250lbs, Braunecker ran a 4.73 in the 40 and did 20 reps of 225lbs on the benchpress. A solid sleeper pick at TE.
Jack Conklin, OT, Michigan State – Conklin came into the Combine as the #3 or #4 OT on some boards with questions of whether he could play LT or would have to stay at RT. Conklin left the Combine as a potential Top 15 pick with clear LT potential due to terrific footwork in drills and 35" arms.
Le'Raven Clark, OT, Texas Tech – Clark has that magical word attached to prospects with mixed game tape but excellent measurables: POTENTIAL. The longest arms in the OT class (36.125") and nice mobility could have Clark sniffing the bottom of round 1 in April.
Ryan Kelly, C, Alabama – Kelly looked masterful throughout the Combine and got rave reviews in meetings. It is rare to see a center go in round 1, but Kelly has earned it with his Combine performance.
Christian Westerman, G, Arizona St – Most scouts saw Westerman as a very mobile, zone-blocking scheme guard based on game tape. But 34 reps on the benchpress (the most among OL prospects) think he could be that and more and cemented him in round 2.
Christian Hackenberg, QB, Penn State – After a stellar freshman season, Hackenberg regressed at his time in Happy Valley. Some attributed that to poor OL play or the loss of key weapons. But in drills at the Combine, Hackenberg looked like he did in later years with poor footwork, accuracy and poise. He seems like much more of a project late rounder than a Day 2 guy.
Kenyan Drake, RB, Alabama – After a very impressive Senior Bowl, Drake looked to be putting the injury concerns that plagued him at Alabama behind him. However, with on 10 reps on the bench press (the worst among RBs) Drake has shown his lack of time spent in the weight room conditioning himself for the pro game. Drake seems like a KR specialist more than a complimentary runner.
Rashard Higgins, WR, CSU – "Hollywood" Higgins showed a lack of explosiveness hardly worthy of his nickname. Maybe he plays above his statistics in games but that is probably a gamble worth taking no earlier than Day 3 of the draft.
Hunter Henry, TE, Arkansas – Though still the #1 TE on the board, Henry's weak bench (13 reps) probably ends any thoughts of him being 1st round talent.
Vadal Alexander, G/T, LSU – Though he played OT at LSU and some at the Senior Bowl, Alexander's complete lack of mobility in space (illustrated by a 1.92 time in 10-yd split and a 8.04 in 3 cone drill) clearly shows he is purely a guard prospect, though a very good one.
Nila Kasitai, G, Oklahoma – A lineman that only puts up 12 reps on the bench is inexcusable. Kasitai is not even a draftable prospect for me currently.
Our founder and draft expert Jeff Bowers brings a taste of the Sports Narrative to the history of the NFL Scouting Combine. From a scattered beginning, to a televised phenomenon , Jeff walks your through all the details you need to know, including a few unique records set by some not so famous attendees.
Commentary: This year's quarterback class lacks a true "franchise" player, but the depth in rounds 2-4 raises the overall strength. Goff and Wentz have separated themselves from the pack but both come with questions; Goff's potential but slight frame versus Wentz's leadership but level of competition. Lynch needs grooming but has all the tools. Cook needs solid workouts and interviews to maintain his already falling status. Jones is my choice of the 3rd tier guys as he will likely be a better pro than in college.
Commentary: This is an pretty nice year to grab a RB, as the position goes 10 or 11 deep with quality talent. Elliot is clearly a #1 runner and will likely hear his name on Day 1. Collins and Henry are in my second tier, with questions of durability for both. Drake tops my tier 3 of runners due to his kickoff ability and lack of wear and tear (assuming he can stay healthy). Booker is also a #1 type runner only in tier 3 due to injury and fumbling concerns.
Commentary: This is one of the worst WR classes I have seen in a long time. Treadwell is a borderline #1 WR if he shows the speed. Thomas is a possession receiver with nice size but who might struggle to separate at the next level. Doctson is likely a quality #2 receiver similar to Jordan Matthews in Philly. Coleman is explosive but the recent history of super fast slot receivers is mixed at best. Fuller is my darkhorse who could just be a guy or turn into the next Antonio Brown.
Commentary: The tight end class this year only has 1 standout and a lot of small-school hopefuls. Henry is a legitimate stud and might go in round 1. Higbee is coming off of injury but has the most upside of any player in this class. Hooper is a solid but unspectacular. Williams is a basketball star that has shown a willingness to get his nose dirty too. Vannett was an under-utilized prospect at Ohio State hoping to be a better pro.
Commentary: The OT class is good, but not great in 2016. Tunsil might be the #1 overall pick, but still needs to add some strength. Stanley is good, but will likely be overdrafted due to need. Conklin is solid in both run and pass and could be ready to play RT as a rookie. Decker might be better suited to be a RT in the pros. Ifedi could play guard or tackle and excel at either.
Commentary: This is a great year for interior linemen, which has seen a resurgence of respect in the league. Alexander gets my nod as the best guard due to his flexibility and tenacious run blocking. Whitehair is powerful and could start immediately for most teams. Garnett is smart, loves football and fights. Turner is best suited for a power running system with strength but lack of athleticism and Westerman is best suited as a zone blocking scheme for his mobility.
Commentary: Though is runs out after only 6-7 draftable prospects, the 2016 class of centers has some real stars. Kelly continues the tradition of quality Bama linemen. Martin, the brother of Cowboys LG Zack, is solid and could start on Day 1. Tuerk is coming back from injury but would be my #1 center if healthy. Glasgow showed at both the Shrine Game and Senior Bowl that he belongs. Allen anchored a solid line at Michigan State and should be a fine pro.
Carson Wentz, QB, North Dakota State – Wentz was the story of the Senior Bowl and he did not disappoint. Showing great poise and leadership, Wentz checked a lot of boxes (6'5" 233lbs with good arm strength and solid footwork) and might have earned himself a Top 5 selection. In fact, he might be the most NFL-ready QB in this class and could be off the board before Dallas picks at #4.
Jacoby Brissett, QB, NC State – After Wentz, most of the other QBs in Mobile were of the developmental/backup variety. All showed flashes as well as limitations. But Brissett, at 6'3" 236lbs, was the most natural passer with the potential to develop into a decent starter. Though not on the North Squad coached by the Cowboys staff, Brissett still had a formal interview with the Cowboys this week.
Kenyon Drake, RB, Alabama – While several of the other South Squad RBs put themselves on the radar of scout's (TCU's Aaron Green and Texas Tech's DeAndre Washington), no one had a better week than Drake. Showing impressive vision in the hole, great burst on the edge and (maybe most important) staying off the trainer's table, Drake will be a 3rd-4th round steal who is ideally a complimentary back in a RB committee with kick return ability.
Kenneth Dixon, RB, LA Tech – While the South Team had a number of impressive runners, the North had one lead dog and that was Dixon. With 72 rushing TDs in his college career, Dixon showed he could be a lead back despite his size (5'10" 215lbs). My only concern is his career 15 receptions in 4 years at LT and 8.5" hands which led to a dropped pass in the game.
Braxton Miller, WR, Ohio State – The former QB turned athlete, Miller showed his skills returning kicks, at WR and even taking some handoffs at RB in practice. While far from a finished product at wideout, Miller shows lots of promise and is probably somewhere between Percy Harvin and Cordarelle Patterson in his NFL comparison.
Jay Lee, WR, Baylor – Lee was clearly the #1 target for most QBs on the South Team in the game on Saturday. At 6'2" 214lbs, Lee showed nice route running and sure hands. I worry a little about his hands as he doesn't give a soft landing spot often, Lee could still be a very productive #2 WR opposite a star much like Terrance Williams in Dallas.
Glenn Gronkowski, TE/FB, Kansas State – The younger and smaller Gronk brother, this Gronkowski (6'2" 238lbs) will have to find his place in a variety of rolls from TE, FB or H-back. However, He showed nice point-of-attack blocking and soft hands in space to excel in the right system.
Nick Martin, C, Norte Dame –Another younger brother, this time the Cowboys' G Zack Martin, Nick played center for the North Team and was very solid all week. This year's draft is unusually deep at centers and Martin is one of the reasons why.
Vadal Alexander, G/T, LSU – Hitting all the size markers (6'5" 336lbs with 34.25" arms), Alexander played both guard and right tackle and did well all week against some highly touted defensive line prospects. Probably best suited at guard, Alexander had a mean streak and looked like a quality mid-round pick.
Noah Spence, DE/OLB, Eastern Kentucky – After being dismissed from the Big 10 for several failed drug tests, Spence dominating on the field all week and recorded 1 sack and 2 QB hurries in the game. If not for the off-field questions, Spence would be a mid-1st rounder. Even still, someone will take a chance on him due to the impressive talent of Spence, likely in the 2nd or 3rd round.
Sheldon Day, DE/DT, Notre Dame – Day is an interesting study. On tape and in practice, he pops whether using strength or speed at end or tackle. However, at 6'0" 286 lbs, his fit some schemes is a question. Probably best suited as a 3 tech in a 4-3, Day is just a player, no matter the position.
Adolphus Washington, DT, Ohio State – After being suspended at the start of the season for the Buckeyes, Washington came to the Senior Bowl to answer those off-field questions and prove he is worthy of a 1st round choice. In a stacked DT draft class, Washington did nothing in Mobile to hurt his cause and may have succeeded in securing a 1st round choice.
DJ Reader, DT, Clemson – Though Sheldon Rankins of Louisville got more of the hype on the D-line for the South Team, Reader really shined and showed more than just a run-stuffing body (6'3" 340lbs). Moving well and getting nice push versus the pass, Reader moved up my board this week.
Kentrell Brothers, LB, Mizzou – Brothers seemed to be at the bottom of every pile for the South Team on Saturday. At 6'0" and 249lbs, Brothers looked instinctive and ready to man the middle in the pros.
Harlan Miller, CB, SE Louisiana – Small school corners that stand out and send scouts scrambling for tape has become an annual event the past few years. Miller is this year's guy, at 6'0" 182lbs and competing well all week.
Deiondre Hall, CB, Northern Iowa – The football factory that is Northern Iowa has done it again, with a big corner named Deiondre Hall. In a week marked with corners who don't play the ball, Hall showed nice fundamentals and used his size well in both the pass and run defense.
KJ Dillon, S, West Virginia – Dillon's week was more about flash than consistency, but when the flash includes bone-jarring hits in the run game and a blocked field goal it can make up for it. Dillon is a natural playmaker who will start as a special teamer and hopefully develop into a starter with some coverage coaching.
James Bradbury, S/CB, Samford – Like his fellow alum from Samford last year, Jaquiski Tartt, Bradbury is a big hybrid safety who is finding a new home in today's pass happy NFL. Bradbury showed nice ball skills in practice and could earn a 3rd or 4th round grade with a solid combine.
Kevin Hogan, QB, Stanford – I really wanted to like Hogan, as he is a smart leader and shows nice touch. But his lack of arm strength and poor footwork except when on the move is too much to overcome. Hogan could be a inexpensive backup in a zone blocking scheme similar to what Mike Shannahan ran with Jake Plummer in Denver, but otherwise is a late rounder at best.
Spencer Drango, G/T, Baylor – Drango had a really tough week, getting abused by the top D-line prospects on both squads, Drango showed he can only be a guard in the NFL and his leverage is questionable.
Shawn Oakman, DE/DT, Baylor – I hate to pick on 2 Baylor Bears in a row, but Oakman just has never lived up to his look. Never has the phrase "looks like Tarzan, plays like Jane" applied more to a player than Oakman. Though I wouldn't say that to his 6'7" 269 lbs face. Even as the South Player of The Game, I was just not impressed with Oakman as anything more than a rotational 3-4 DE.
Kyler Fackrell, OLB, Utah State- Fackrell just doesn't seem to have a real position, not showing enough pass rush skills to play 3-4 OLB and not enough speed to play as a 4-3 SLB. Maybe he can develop, but I wouldn't take him before day 3.
Eric Murray, CB, Minnesota – Murray spent his week grabbing onto receivers and not turning for the ball. That doesn't fly in the NFL these days.
Cyrus Jones, CB, Alabama – Though he had a nice game in the Senior Bowl, Jones looked small and weak in practice all week. Maybe he just raises his play for gameday but through Friday I thought Jones was a 4th corner at best.


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Navigating COVID-19 Tips for finding them Take our news quiz 📝 Difficulty not drinking
White House downplays golf outing with lobbyist
David Jackson
The White House is dismissing criticism that President Obama's weekend golf outing included a prominent Washington lobbyist.
"I think he played a game of golf," said White House spokesman Jay Carney when asked if the Saturday foursome that included Joe O'Neill violates Obama's pledge to limit the access of lobbyists to the White House.
O'Neill is president and CEO of the firm Public Strategies Washington.
Among his clients: Bain Capital, the Mitt Romney private equity firm that Obama and aides criticized so heavily during the 2012 presidential campaign.
Obama and O'Neill played Saturday with former U.S. Trade representative Ron Kirk and CenterPoint Energy Chairman Milton Carroll at the Robert Trent Jones Golf Club in Gainesville, Va.
From Politico:
"O'Neill is a veteran Democratic lobbyist who represents clients like Bain Capital, Bristol-Myers Squibb, the Edison Electric Institute, Lockheed Martin and many others.
"The Obama White House has repeatedly touted its lobbying ban as a major tool in fighting corruption and influence peddling. The self-imposed ban largely keeps former registered lobbyists from working in the administration, though the administration has granted a number of waivers. ...
"O'Neill lobbies on tax reform issues for Bain."


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Q: Provide an alternate URL for chat rooms Not all of us have the good fortune to work for enlightened employers. While participating in Stack Overflow (and other Stack Exchange sites) may be closely related to our vocations, we cannot fully participate in all of the Exchange's places.
That's because we're worried about a URL with the word "chat" in it will appear in the network logs. In some cases, such a URL is blocked at the firewall.
I'm not suggesting that Stack Exchange facilitate goofing off at work. I, personally, have not been able to fully engage as a Moderator because I don't dare go to chat.stackexchange.com while I'm at work.
So, how about an alternate URL that we can use? Or even just an IP address?
Update: For what it's worth, I brought this up in last night's Moderator chat-cast and was encouraged to post it here.

A: Questions about whether it's appropriate or not to access any site that violates a company's Internet policy aside, what you're asking for is nothing more than an additional move in the eternal game of cat and mouse.
If a new DNS name were provided or the IP address were provided, what would be the solution if that was blocked?
SE would then be inundated with requests for additional DNS names to be added, not all of which are practical to service, and the requests would just add more noise to the system.
Even worse, if a company blocked the site at the IP level, it's even more work for SE to provide a different/additional IP address to access the site from (beyond the pool they have accessible to them ready).
For the feature to be practical, it has to produce a result that solves a reasonable amount of the problem, not just prevent the same problem from happening for just a little bit, only to reappear again in a different form.


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HomeEvents & communityRegionsYorkshire & North EastNewsdetails
Yorkshire North East
Brilliance is shining right across North
Today, New York will be celebrating the Fourth of July, which dates back to the Declaration of Independence of 1776.
But tonight, in our own historic York, I'll be joining business leaders from across Yorkshire and the North East to celebrate the very best in leadership and entrepreneurship at our Director of the Year Awards..
Just around the corner from our celebrations, our future Prime Minister will be taking part in the latest leadership hustings. Let's hope that regional business is at the heart of that debate because, five years after its creation, the Northern Powerhouse still feel more like a power cut – the furnace needs to be relit.
Despite this, our business brilliance across the north is shining brighter than ever before.
It is more than a decade since I first had the privilege of being involved with our prestigious awards and, this year, the judges' feedback is that the quality of entries is higher than ever.
One of the themes of tonight's awards dinner will be the need to constantly stay on your toes in a fast-changing economic, political and technological climate. Evolution is also a theme for the IoD itself, as our organisation starts a new chapter in its long history.
The IoD was founded in 1903 and obtained a Royal Charter in 1906. Our heritage is incredibly important to us and means we are a strong and well-recognised brand for professional business leaders.
But, just like any other business, we must evolve. After a challenging year we have reflected on the changes required, shown resilience in the face of adversity and emerged as a more agile organisation. We are fortunate that our resilience is our members.
Our chair Charlotte Valeur, who will be with us for our awards this evening, recently said: "For over a hundred years, the IoD has supported, developed, and represented our directors. I want to set it on the path for the next hundred years. If we truly embrace change, we can achieve this and breathe new life into the organisation's founding values."
One of the areas in which we are strongest is professional development. As those who regularly read this column will know, I am an advocate of lifelong learning.
On 8 November this year, we are returning to the Principal York, the venue for tonight's awards dinner, for a fantastic day of professional development. Topics will include strategic decision making and practical tips for becoming a non-executive director.
It was a great personal honour to speak about 'Resilience During Change' at the recent Turnaround Management Association Regional Conference at Aspire in Leeds.
Aspire is a building rich with historic interest that has stood the test of time and shown resilience during times of change. It stands where the original Leeds General Infirmary was built in 1771 and later became the original head office for the Yorkshire Penny Bank.
What a shame that a region with such banking history is set to lose the Yorkshire Bank name as part of the rebrand to Virgin Money.
Learn more about the IoD's plans in this region at our professional development day on 8 November in York or IoD Open House at the Grand Hotel, York, with interim director general Anna Daroy on 2 October.
Natalie Sykes, Regional Director, Institute of Directors Yorkshire & North East
Tags Business News
Contact IoD Yorkshire
Please contact the branch team here.
IoD Yorkshire & North East
Old Broadcasting House
Woodhouse Lane
LS2 9EN
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Our Festival of Creativity included our annual art exhibition, featuring our students' finest GCSE and A level works. Landscapes and portraits were particular highlights, as you can see in our gallery below.
You can also enjoy a gallery of our students' A Level Photography work, and get a look at the rest of our Creativity Festival.


See the event website at www.humbersideexpo.co.uk for full details and running order.
See the event website at www.forthvalleybusinessshow.co.uk for full details and running order.
See the event website at www.miltonkeynesexpo.co.uk for full details and running order.


Click below to listen to a group of recovering opiate (heroin users) addicts. This PodCast comes to us from the "Opiate Support Group". One of the best ways to learn about addiction and recovering from it, is by going directly to the source. Listening to actual addicts and learning from them is the best way to conquer this drug crisis.
Relapsing is a common occurrence. Statistics tell us that 9 out of every 10 people who enter into rehab, end up relapsing during the first week. That means that 90% of opiate addicts are failing during the first week of detox and rehabilitation.
These numbers are crazy! Something must be done about it. Something is very wrong.
How can everyone be failing the second they get into a rehab program? What are clinics doing wrong? Or, what are they NOT doing right? These questions need to be asked, answered and resolved.
What kind of drug Relapse Prevention Plan is being taught in these drug rehab clinics?
Otherwise, what is the point of going to rehab, if you are just going to fail?
Sorry, but we are 'calling out' drug rehab centers for their lack of ability to help drug addicts recover. Perhaps this is not fair since the responsibility really falls on the drug addict themselves. Rehab centers cannot control the actions of any drug user.
But, centers can help them in better ways and give them better tools to succeed.
One man talks about this struggle with relapse and how a Relapse Prevention Plan is needed for everyone.
Read the discussion points below and then follow along with the conversation provided in the link PodCast below.
One of our members faced a tough time in his recovery. His recovery was challenged by someone who came to his home with the intention of selling a substance to him. Listen in to this opiate recovery podcast as they give support to this member.
They walk through a process to better understand the situation and develop a relapse prevention plan.
What are your thoughts? Why do you think so many people are relapsing?
Describe a situation that caused, or nearly caused, a relapse.
What was your intention at the time? What did you want to have happen?
What was your belief about the situation? What were the automatic thoughts that came to your mind? Can you identify faulty thinking?
What were your feelings? What emotions caused you be vulnerable at the time?
What was, or could have been, the negative effect of a relapse to yourself? To others?
What is your prevention plan? Identify the steps you will take to avoid a future relapse.
What can we do to improve Relapse Prevention Plans so that they actually work? Because right now, not much is working to help these addicts remain clean from opiates.
Relapsing from a drug addiction is very, very common. But why? Why do so many relapse? Is the drug THAT powerful? YES. It is.


To get an immigration green card, you must take several years process because there are many procedures that should be implemented even if you had been married. You need to know a number of knowledge about the immigration green card process will ease your way and acquire the best result.
After you come to USA with a K-1 fiancé visa or a K-3 visa then it will take years waiting or you can use a lawyer but it will cause you use a lot more money. Legal professional is a smart way to solve this situation, so it will be easier for you to obtain an immigration immigration green card rather than stepping into the Usa with these kind of visas.
The fastest way to be granted as a fully permanent resident of USA is to get marriage and fill all the forms there. The nonnative people need to live in the country and complete all the paperworks to acquire what they wanted.


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To stamp out poverty
The robust economic growth during the Aquino administration has seen domestic wealth getting so large that the richest Filipinos have landed in Forbes magazine's annual listing of the world's billionaires.
The latest tally released by the international publication the other day showed 11 Filipinos making it to the roster dominated by US-based entrepreneurs. SM founder Henry Sy, 91, is the wealthiest at No. 71 with $12.9 billion. John Gokongwei, 88, is the second wealthiest at No. 270 with $5 billion. Lucio Tan, 81, is No. 380 with $4 billion, and banker George Ty, 83, is No. 421 with $3.7 billion. The other Filipino billionaires listed are construction magnate David Consunji, businessmen Andrew Tan and Tony Tan Caktiong, ports magnate Enrique Razon Jr., Puregold's Lucio Co, stockbroker/insurer/car dealer Robert Coyiuto, and realtor and former senator Manny Villar.
READ: 11 PH tycoons on Forbes' 2016 roster of billionaires
The extent of the wealth of the richest Filipinos is enormous. In 2015, the 50 richest Filipinos in the Forbes list had a combined wealth of $76.6 billion, or P3.62 trillion at current exchange rates. This is bigger than the entire government budget of P3 trillion for 2016.
One might ask: Is there anything wrong with that? Shouldn't it be a source of pride in the corporate world to see Filipino entrepreneurs making it big? But another perspective dictates that as an economy grows, poverty should also decline. And against the bigger backdrop of Philippine economic growth remaining noninclusive, much expectation is directed at the country's wealthiest. Many on the list, in trying to meet the expectation, have donated large sums to higher education, environment protection, and housing, among other programs designed to ease the plight of the poor. Still, the private sector is called upon to do more.
Inquirer columnist and former economic planning secretary Cielito Habito has noted that in certain parts of the world, economic growth led to poverty reduction. He said that although certain countries in Asia were successful in translating economic growth to poverty reduction—with every one percentage point of gross domestic product growth resulting in poverty reduction of one to two percentage points—poverty in the Philippines has not been reduced by its GDP growth. The Philippines' GDP from 2004 to 2009 grew by an average 4.9 percent, but its poverty incidence even increased to 26.5 percent in 2009.
The situation has changed very little under the Aquino administration. The Philippines in fact missed its Millennium Development Goal of halving poverty incidence to 17 percent by 2015 from 34 percent in 1991, as one in every four Filipinos has remained poor. Economist Benjamin Diokno even challenged this figure, arguing that the real poverty picture might be worse than what the official statistics suggested. He pointed out that in 2012, the poverty threshold was P18,935 a year, P1,578 a month, or P52.60 a day—"the height of absurdity," he said, as he challenged public officials to survive on P57.60 a day for even a week.
The government has some programs to address poverty. Starting from the Arroyo administration, it has been providing direct assistance to extremely poor families through social protection programs. The biggest is the CCT (conditional cash transfer) scheme, in which these families receive cash assistance provided they fulfill requirements for free child immunization and send their children to school. The government is also boosting tax collection to fund a universal health program and improve access to basic education. However, it can only do so much, and this is where the private sector should come in.
Economists here and abroad have identified various ways as to how businesses can help alleviate poverty. The most common is for companies to transfer profits to charitable causes targeting the poor. Another way is for manufacturers and other firms to reduce the prices of their goods and services. Businesses can also employ more people since job generation has been proven to address poverty. Another suggestion is for companies to prioritize the welfare of their own staff members by paying them more or providing them with training or support. There is a study in the United Kingdom showing that poverty in modern Britain was caused as much by low-quality, low-paid employment as unemployment. If business is to reduce poverty, it is this that it should focus on, according to the study. This is very applicable to the Philippines where the minimum wage has failed to catch up with the ever-rising costs of living.
The government alone cannot stamp out poverty. It is very clear that the private sector must do its part if the nation is to address what is described as one of the biggest moral challenges of this century.
Richest 1% own more than the rest of us — Oxfam
Sy, Zobel, Aboitiz among Asia's top 50 richest families
Antonio Luna's curling irons
TAGS: Andrew Tan, conditional cash transfer, David Consunji, economic growth, Enrique Razon Jr., forbes magazine, George Ty, Henry Sy, John Gokongwei, Lucio Co, Lucio Tan, manny villar, Millennium Development Goal, Poverty, Robert Coyiuto, Tony Tan Caktiong, wealth