text:
About SHOMBook, its Author and Conventions
Ending the Great Islamic War
Update: Ending the Great Islamic War
Oct-Nov 2014
ISIS: "Coming Here!?"
Generic Extremism: "Coming Here," Too?!
Feb-Mar 2015
Islamist Terrorism/Violence's PRIMARY Cause: You Decide
SHOM Phase Two: Welcome!
TV Dhimmis During Trying Times
SHOM Rules of Engagement Recommendation for the US Military and Its Civilian Command
Ramadi
June-July, 2015
Taking the Bait . . .
Continuing Phase Two: SHOM's Engine as Applied in Theory to this Circumstance – Contending with Violently Aggressive Islamism – Introduction
Staying Alive – Essay I (of III) Continuing Phase Two
Appendix A: Sorting differences in perspective for managing trauma in the global
Appendix B: Trauma Etiology Correlated to Psychological Sequela and TRT's Application
Appendix C: Identify What You are Up Against
Appendix D: ETM TRT SHOM Mission Statement
Appendix E: After-Trauma Individual, General Systemic, and even Nationally-/Globally-Presenting Symptoms
SHOM Epistemology-to-Method regarding Traumatized Collective/Individual Cores, their Etiotropic Restorations, and as they Interface or Not with Competing/Clashing/Differing Counter Perspectives
SHOMBook
By a Semi-Grassrootist
At the beginning of May, 2015, an exhibition billed as a Charlie Hebdo massacre-inspired supportive exercise in free speech — it awarded a cartoonist for drawing the best representation of the Prophet — was attacked by two followers of some aspect of Islam. The Islamic State is said to have taken credit for the assault. Shortly thereafter, pundits, some of them distinguished people speaking from or on Fox and other news organizations, weighed in on the total, opining, even exclaiming that although the exhibitors were legally-technically correct given our laws protecting free speech, the protestors were nonetheless in the wrong, and even "stupidly" so. Toward the end of a week of this dialogue, almost no one on TV supported the value of the artistic content, although most stuck with support of the exhibitors' right to express it. Critics even argued that despite apparent legal appropriateness, the event appeared to or did actually provoke the prospective killers' conduct. From the SHOM view of the controversy, this is my response: both the thwarting of the challenge to free speech and the exhibitors' artistic content, meaning and messages are valuable, security enhancing, and strategically effective — they brought attention to one of the most relevant matters regarding the invasive aspects of a global competitor, and made a lot of people take stock.
Left, right or even center hysterical political rationalization of both individual and collective terror-infused emotional pain brought us to this sorrowful place: condescension to courage, even intelligently expressed. Where one fellow said that hosting the program in Texas was "stupid," it was certainly a brighter idea than his earlier one of sending a twenty-five thousand person non nation-identified mercenary force into Northern Syria and Iraq. If we are going to send somebody there, which I have advocated that we do in Phase One, June 20141Ending the Great Islamic War of the Third Millennium, and Reforming its Cause for Eternity's Sake: A Currently Existential Matter for Civilization — Phase One, of this essay series, it should be the U.S. Marines, Airborne, Rangers, Air Force and Navy. And ensure each ground person's uniform bears an American flag as a combat patch.
I also liked the so called cartoon contest "jihadist-baiting" interpretation2Apparently, an Islamic civil rights organization is reported to have posited that the conference "baited" trouble with jihadists., if there even was any of that. To mean, even if the cartoonists tricked the Arizona constituency of ISIS into driving all the way to Dallas, and then doing a frontal assault on a well trained Texas traffic police officer, I liked that approach better than waiting around for the Grid to be blown sky high while New York City people on TV call the folks running government bad names, even if justified. But better than all of those prospects, notions or contrivances, Geller, Spencer, Wilders, the Garland, Texas Police Department and the Arizona jihadis, whether they planned the intervention or not, have sharply demonstrated the matter in question, that is, what the hoopla is about, to and for the West: the exercise of straightforward American, as say for a contrasting example against dhimmi-styled, shoot-the-breeze-instead-of-the-perp, freedom.
No matter pundit pleas for anti-confrontational tact, I suspect that more challenge will come. And, not because of defaming insults, colonization, high downtrodden unemployment3http://shomblog.com/islamist-violences-primary-cause-social-failure-no-jobs-or-islams-structural-design/, harsh American imperialism, or even talk-show ratings. These threats will come again, and then again with even greater force, until this opposition, or we, along with Hindus, Christians, Jews, Buddhists, and a few Zoroastrians, are no more. It is the nature of the kind of freedom we once enjoyed, and its threat to the unequivocally oppositional approach to life raising the challenge. Trying to win by tricking Muslim hearts and minds through expressions of empathy for "one of the world's greatest religions" and promises not to insult their deity and its representatives is seen by that side for what it is: stealth Western encroachment on Islamic civilization. Those folks participating in this contest know what the Quran and Sunnah say and are not going to trade-in their realities and roll over their world just because this one has recently begun saying nice things, or because of our apparent sincerity.
This is serious business, and the convergence doctrine for happiness is not likely to work, no matter well meaning intentions. The US Constitution's Bill of Rights is pitted against Shariah. The latter demands a non secular structure where human ontology is collectivized hierarchically, and administered doctrinally from its sources, again, the Quran and Sunna. Those documents spell out management interdictions in member's both spiritual and sociopolitical existences. America's or the West's so called secular management model, on the other hand, leaves the spiritual direction to its members' individual ontology. Moreover and even dramatically, where the Western model precludes interference with ontologically-oriented-influenced decision making, the contesting other doesn't just interfere but rigorously stipulates control of the experience with absolutes; death for apostasy, blasphemy, defamation, and violation of familial/tribal honor codes. Dancing around these differences and conflicts they cause by mimicking Baghdad Bobette intellectual level expressions from the State Department is not going to make them go away.
The man who shot Bin Laden weighed in on the Garland, Texas, art contest by asking what would be the reason for ridiculing a bunch of otherwise innocents' greatest love, Muhammad. This new opinion leader then stated that there was no viable rationale for such conduct: beating up on a prospective competitor's leadership. We should be respectful of others' religious convictions, apparently.
But, there is not just a reason, but a VERY good one for supporting such artistic harshness. Since the Enlightenment, and even before that by the extra courageous, political commentary expressed through art, which has included writing, has traditionally been applied across most spectrums of Westernized socio-cultural management activities, including both non secular and then to become secular audiences. And of course, had there been no protesting, debating, heretically-presented views over the last millennia, there would be no such thing as "secular" to add into the cartoon protesting consideration. We seculars would all, instead, just be dead. Lots of protesters had to stand up to lots of believing mentals who argued that death for heresy, deity defamation, and blasphemy of the most loved was not just apotheosized as an ordained idea, but defense against it was asseverated to be unacceptable.
I assume that the commentators, like probably most readers of these kinds of things, know all that. So the big focus here should go to what I believe is the heart of the cartoon-as-protest matter. I think two psychtrauma management variables predominate this discussion. In the first, trauma induced delusion, not referring to that which requires residential care or even medication, attends and alters the thinking of even fairly highly intellectual beings so that they, despite their experience, erudition, and unquestionable knowledge of many of the facts, disavow the need even for such confrontive expression when that need/reason/rationale is overwhelmingly indicated. In the second, the opposition uses its handed down trans-century doctrinally approved management methods to achieve its ends, which includes hiding its aims during war. "War is deceit/deception." in fact once said the subject of the drawings bearing the focus of the controversy. This "hiding" then augments the encumbrances attending trauma induced both individual and collective distortions of thought, decision making, and other applications of a polity's free will.
Following the major set piece battles which used to control/effect decision/making, entire conquered polities were turned into dhimmis, in this instance to mean servants of the advancing/invading cult4The term "cult" is not used in these essays to attack the entity to which the word is applied. Rather, the term modifies the referenced entity so that the reader knows that something quite different is presenting, and that will require some specialty of understanding for successful address. I've explained that application to Islam in greater detail in another essay from this series. The title is "Islamist Terrorism/Violence's PRIMARY Cause: You Decide.". But that application, now, is applied pre physical battle to such an extent that targeted polities complete the unconscious change to dhimmi mental status long before the hordes show up in the beach landings, making the invasive psychological warfare the main confrontation. If not successful here at least in staving off the hidden affront, then humongous physical/fighting consequences later for both constituencies of the clashing forces will become, no doubt, the ramification of failure to win the psychological warring contest ongoing today.
In the first psychtrauma management variable, trauma induced dhimmi delusion . . .
Not four months after the mass murder of an entire Paris, France journalism team, and the deaths/murders attending only five weeks later a similar event in Copenhagen — it, too, involving freedom of speech by another protesting cartoonist — paralleled over the same period by four separate slaughter-styled killings of free speech protesters in Bangladesh, one of them an American from Atlanta, Georgia,5"Islamists Hack Another Secular Writer to Death in Bangladesh" by IPT News, May 12, 2015 at 11:30 am; thanks to IPT for these articles describing how al Qaedians lay back in encryption protected sites and give orders to the mass hystericals, who then follow through with the killing of selected targets. the dhimmi pundits here exclaim "There is no reason for it."?! It is/was an unnecessary (?!) "taunt." And a third argued that this group was "dumb" (?!) for upsetting a large number of believers, most of them peaceful folks. Why be offensive — hurt their feelings — it was posed, when you don't need to? Why rile some potential maniacs, and turn them into actual killers, when you can otherwise play like the deep episte-ideo-methodological differences causing this discordance aren't there? And, neither are the political manager/manipulators who are exploiting the psychopathic condition, with Internet encryption-hidden-directions no less, and maybe even mobile phone ready.
One purpose of artistic offensive expression is to confront the massive and mass presenting delusional states that may be encroaching upon individual and collective freedom of thought and its corollary free will. In mass psychological warfare, those are the primary targets. Hit them properly with terror, as did say taking another but this time secular application example, the Bolsheviks' use of the model in 1905-1907,6Anna Geifman, Death Orders: The Vanguard of Modern Terrorism in Revolutionary Russia, Praeger Security International, May 20, 2010 and then into the beginnings of their revolution and ongoing management7Robert Conquest, The Great Terror: A Reassessment, Paperback – November 15, 2007, and cripple decision making by the targeted polity as a whole. Ensure the application of stress is tied non-wordily to the common cause, particularly its advance: "Forward." or, in today's appropriatenesses "Allahu Akbar."
Socio-political intellectualizations and other rationalizations that, like those made by these TV dhimmis supporting the terror-applied encumbrance, require confrontation, no matter that it, no doubt, holds risks, and thus brings pain. If you or the rest of that invaded polity don't take the risks and face the pain, then you run the even greater risks of seeing your society be more completely destroyed, and without, ignominiously, having even fought back. That's — meaning to fail so insidiously shamefully — just not America, at least as it used to be.
The loss of Europe to "Eurabia"8"Eurabia" refers to the Islamization of Europe through wholesale Muslim immigration, multiculturalism in lieu of cultural integration, European Union multilateralism with the OIC, the constant and extant application and deserved fear of Islamic terror, and the Continent's vulnerability to reduction of hydrocarbon supplies — see Bat Ye'or's extensive documentations of these subjects: Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis, 2010, and Europe, Globalization, and the Coming of the Universal Caliphate, 2011 over the last four, now going on five decades provides the global with a model for what NOT to do when contending with the Islamic management outfit. Don't try to get along with or otherwise misjudge/underestimate/misconstrue Muhammad by thinking of him only, or even primarily as a perfect manifestation of somebody's spiritualism. Moreover, al Qaedians entreaties to the Ummah that the West is at war with poor, always oppressed, Islam, are not going to be outdone in this contest by Western attempts to be extra nice, like not saying Islamophobic kinds of things. The Ummah's going, at least referring to the impressionable aspects of its composition, as always with the Quran and the Sunnah, and whoever is the toughest guy on the block, at the time. At least that's what Bin Laden, Zawahiri, Zarqawi, and the more recent al-Baghdadi have been trying to tell you.
A dhimmi commentator, arguing hysterically I thought, exclaimed to one of the exhibitor/protesters that she was like a "pyromaniac," apparently getting off to her own psychopathology by igniting these "crazies." Assuming he was referring to the also psychopathic aspects of the otherwise nice Ummah's malady, you can beat them, but not through the application of civilized reticence, or sheltering courage in place — metaphorically speaking. You have to fight psychopathia head up, without tricky manipulations or other attempts at establishing erudite interactive controls common to crisis management administered with objectively removed dialoguers. Do it just like the cartoonist commandos. Otherwise you bring it, the psychopath's wrath, on with, and borrowing from the dhimmi pundit's analogy to fire, the speed of aviation fuel poured upon and then lit along the path that leads to the achievement of the violently insane's inner dictates. It goes right over or through dhimmi minded hoped-for-preservation reasonableness like a magnum through watermelon.
In the second, trauma induced dhimmi delusion/denial are supported by deception. . .
Regarding the most prevalent matter pertaining to why some Americans/Westerners eschew using the icon of this leadership for protest, I think they simply project their own ontological experience and its sometimes profound meaning on to the management matter. Muhammad is seen in his iconic spiritual role as maybe others in dar al Harb would think of Buddha, Jesus, Jehovah, the pope, or maybe Billy Graham. But others, still, will recognize in the Islamic icon of Muhammad not just the spiritual master, but a socio-political leader who has initiated the system of laws, enforcements, and in particular foreign policy and relations. They, too, are administered doctrinally and with considerable exactness, and not historically without comparisons to Uncles Joe, Mao, Ho and Po, and then the foremost totalist managers Vladimir Lenin and Adolph Hitler. Hence, when cartoonists or even writers lampoon the one but double meaning icon, they may be imaging the management subject considered fair game in secular societies, the socio-political leadership, and not necessarily or particularly the ontologically-guiding one.
Islamists have exploited that duality9Islam presents dual and opposing perspectives at the same time. That "duality" encumbers individual and collective decision making, to include analysis, prescription, judgment, expression, and etc. The matter is considered in detail in this series here and here. for some time. Instead of addressing honestly the obvious double and contrasting applications of their program, they would say "How dare you cartoonists defame our spiritual leader?" And our own reasonableness-adjudicating thinkers — caught in the intellectual snare created by their respect for that same aspect of themselves that they see in this opposition — would respond in kind. I believe that exploitation is consciously contrived to confuse outsiders, and probably insiders (the Ummah) as well.
To accommodate the ruse, Islamic or Islamist leadership follows the deception-is-ok motto. They change, about as fast and often as the Words Department in nineteen eighty-four changed that totalist-based history, the truth of the real storyline for currents in order to deny that the marshalling/murdering/anything goes through psychopathia elements of both the icon and the organization have even, or ever, existed, thus in the covering up process providing good evidence of the likely fraud.*
*From one of the foremost reporters of Islamic truth, Bat Ye'or, here is one example of official phony-baloney Islamic revisionism.
On October 4, 2005, Professor Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu, OIC Secretary General, addressed the European Parliamentary Assembly in Strasbourg, reminding them that the OIC was the largest international organization after the United Nations.[ 59] In classic Muslim fashion, he affirmed that multicultural and inter-religious dialogue emerged from the edifice of human tolerance and Islamic values fourteen centuries ago in the Pact of Medina and the final sermon of Prophet Muhammad. Since its birth, he declared, "Muslim society advanced with the core values of respect for human dignity, regardless of color, creed, faith, social status, or ethnic origin." He asserted that Andalusian culture in Spain and "the cultural heritage of the Ottomans in the Balkans furnished the most successful examples of peaceful coexistence between the three religions, and produced brilliant models of human values." For fourteen centuries, Ihsanoglu went on, "the adherents of Islam developed a radiant civilization that stood for international values of human rights, justice, tolerance, compassion, and peaceful co-existence with other civilizations and faiths."
Naturally, historians reject such assertions as do the numerous peoples who have been victims of the Arab and Turkish yokes, of slavery, dhimmitude, and often of genocide. In the twentieth century alone, one could recall the genocides in Turkey and in Iraq of Armenians, Greeks, and Assyrians, and that of non-Muslims in Southern Sudan; the repeated massacres of Jews and Kurds in the Middle East and in North Africa and that of Christians in Egypt and Indonesia. One could even assert that the denial of the sufferings of jihad victims and Islamic imperialism is a kind of racism that treats them as sub-human.
The speaker developed the classic theme of the transfer of Greek science, philosophy, and the arts from the Muslim world to Europe, totally ignoring the Byzantine channels. Muslim contributions, he stated, clearly demonstrated the common roots and sources of universal civilization, a theme inculcated in Europeans by the programs of the Anna Lindh Foundation.[ 60]
Having vaunted the perfection of Islamic history, the OIC representative attributed Muslim grievances to the historical and political injustices of imperialism and colonialism and to the unresolved issues from which Muslim victims suffer, such as unjust borders and the illegal occupation of Muslim territories.
Ye'or, Bat; 2011-09-16. Europe, Globalization, and the Coming of the Universal Caliphate, Kindle Locations 1038-1057. Fairleigh Dickinson. Kindle Edition.
A simple cartoon drawing can, usually endeavors to, and does show the battles for truth being dramatically waged in the Islamic literature of today. While so called academic apologists are shown to be in the tank for Islamic petro-dollar-funded grants for middle eastern school-house types of studies, non apologists Islamic history writers have to bombard them from behind the ramparts manned by the ranks of dhimmi obscurantists: Western government, a bunch of mideast academes, and media managers who obfuscate the determineds' efforts. And all the while these few TV dhimmi journalists act like they never saw a thing — none of that war is going on, not to mention that none of those people have to pay for their own securities to bring the Westerners of today their free speech, which, apparently thanks to those swimming in the Islamic tank, isn't really that way anymore, free. That cost is instead being born now by the protesting cartoonists.
The protest by cartoonists risking their lives is of great, if not critical importance to the struggle against Islamic hegemony. When the artist focuses upon Muhammad, he or she is bringing the viewer's focus, too, upon the primary tool used by Islamic applicants of expansion. Showing that two horned10Identifying What You are Up Against or pronged invading methodology invented by Muhammad applies light or public awareness on the dual approach as it is used in the current by Islamists. If you uncover for the viewer the several levels of deception — jihadists, governmental/academic obscurantists, and dhimmi journalism/entertainment obfuscators — by imaging the absolutely deserving-of-exposure and simultaneously opposing realities of the Prophet, you counter through and with such exposure the primary jihadist strategy against its targets of today, in this case referring to the most stalwart Western component of dar al Harb, America.
Regrettably and at the core of the matter, the failure of enabling pundits to distinguish the different iconic meanings leaves one of them unattended: the primary instructor of and for jihad, and which the cartoonists appear to be calling to our attention. Another interviewer of the protesting group even asked on a different entertainment platform "Couldn't you have found another way to do this than insulting" — or maybe another way of saying it, 'being so clear in presenting your view' — "these people's spiritual icon?"
Well, no. As long as the opposition exploits its own holy person's representation by hiding its two formation-based entity behind just the one's reflecting the qualities of saintliness or last Prophetship, there is no other way. There hasn't been such "other way" for the lifetime of the organization being protested other than focusing upon its leadership. And that, in my view, is neither the fault nor responsibility of these cartoon-drawing critics, but the oxymoronic love-horror-based management application causing the destruction in the first place, the centuries of hagiographers whose archived illusions have given it credence in the second, and the invaded bystanders who would surrender their will, character and community to the onslaught in the third.
When Muhammad's followers, whether radical extremists Muslims or the only thugishly mentally ill — and for sure "not Islamic" — fakes, or whatever they are called today, stop decapitating innocents in the global, then maybe New Yorkers will in turn stop having to come to Texas, where they can defend themselves while drawing protest-styled pictures of him. In the mean time, blessed are the people who understand the conflict and the control psychodynamics that terror fosters, and which MUST eventually be emphatically overcome — not kowtowed to — and who have the will to risk all to forthrightly fight this battle. Wherever the next one is to be, I would appreciate advance notice so that I might attend. Like the Frenchman running Charlie Hebdo cartoon productions before January 7, 2015, "I'd rather go standing like a man, thank you, than cowering in front of these maniacs." And, he did.
Jesse W. Collins II
Notes [ + ]
1. ⇧ Ending the Great Islamic War of the Third Millennium, and Reforming its Cause for Eternity's Sake: A Currently Existential Matter for Civilization — Phase One
2. ⇧ Apparently, an Islamic civil rights organization is reported to have posited that the conference "baited" trouble with jihadists.
3. ⇧ http://shomblog.com/islamist-violences-primary-cause-social-failure-no-jobs-or-islams-structural-design/
4. ⇧ The term "cult" is not used in these essays to attack the entity to which the word is applied. Rather, the term modifies the referenced entity so that the reader knows that something quite different is presenting, and that will require some specialty of understanding for successful address. I've explained that application to Islam in greater detail in another essay from this series. The title is "Islamist Terrorism/Violence's PRIMARY Cause: You Decide."
5. ⇧ "Islamists Hack Another Secular Writer to Death in Bangladesh" by IPT News, May 12, 2015 at 11:30 am; thanks to IPT for these articles describing how al Qaedians lay back in encryption protected sites and give orders to the mass hystericals, who then follow through with the killing of selected targets.
6. ⇧ Anna Geifman, Death Orders: The Vanguard of Modern Terrorism in Revolutionary Russia, Praeger Security International, May 20, 2010
7. ⇧ Robert Conquest, The Great Terror: A Reassessment, Paperback – November 15, 2007
8. ⇧ "Eurabia" refers to the Islamization of Europe through wholesale Muslim immigration, multiculturalism in lieu of cultural integration, European Union multilateralism with the OIC, the constant and extant application and deserved fear of Islamic terror, and the Continent's vulnerability to reduction of hydrocarbon supplies — see Bat Ye'or's extensive documentations of these subjects: Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis, 2010, and Europe, Globalization, and the Coming of the Universal Caliphate, 2011
9. ⇧ Islam presents dual and opposing perspectives at the same time. That "duality" encumbers individual and collective decision making, to include analysis, prescription, judgment, expression, and etc. The matter is considered in detail in this series here and here.
10. ⇧ Identifying What You are Up Against
First Essay
June 2014 – Ending the Great Islamic War of the Third Millennium, and Reforming its Cause for Eternity's Sake: A Currently Existential Matter for Civilization
September, 2014; Update: Ending the Great Islamic War of the Third Millennium, and Reforming its Cause for Eternity's Sake; A Currently Existential Matter for Civilization
October-November, 2014; ISIS: "Coming Here!?"
November 15, 2014; Dedication
January 17, 2015; Generic Extremism: Coming Here, Too?!
February 20, 2015; Islamist Terrorism/Violence's PRIMARY Cause: You Decide
April, 2015; SHOM Phase Two
May, 2015; TV Dhimmis During Trying Times
May 19, 2015; Ramadi
May-June 2015; SHOM Rules of Engagement Recommendation for the US Military and Its Civilian Command
June-July, 2015; A More Difficult Circumstance . . .
Aug, 2015; Bait
Sept, 2015 Introduction to SHOM's Engine
Nov, 2015; Staying Alive – Cont. Phase Two: Essay I of III
Sorting differences in perspective for managing trauma in the global
Trauma Etiology Correlated to Psychological Sequela and TRT's Application
Identify What You are Up Against
ETM TRT SHOM Mission Statement
After-Trauma Individual, General Systemic, and even Nationally-/Globally-Presenting Symptoms
© 2021 SHOMBook
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This is even more puzzling as by 1983 we had evidence that interferon was able to suppress CD4 lymphocyte proliferation. Long before this we knew that treatment with interferon was associated with a low white blood cell count.
But if interferon was of no use against HIV it has been spectacularly successful against Hepatitis C, curing many people of this infection. It also may have a place in treating some people whose Kaposi's sarcoma is unresponsive to antiretroviral drugs, possibly through its ability to inhibit angiogenesis, which is the process of new blood vessel formation.
I immediately called Jan who confirmed that Alvin was treating a number of gay men with Kaposi's sarcoma. Jan very kindly allowed me to work in his lab. I then arranged my time so that I worked in the virology lab in the mornings and saw my patients in the afternoons.
Robert Friedman is a colleague from the early days of interferon research, with whom I had published work on the mechanism of interferon's antiviral action. He was – and still is, chairman of the pathology department at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda. He, Jan and I have been colleagues since the 1960s when Alick Isaacs, a discoverer of interferon was still alive. We joined forces to study the association of interferon with AIDS.
In the first few years of the epidemic I was in a position to begin to explore the possibility that interferon played a role in this newly recognized disease.
The numbers of patients was not huge but the following graphic shows that 7 people with over 50 units of interferon/ml had fewer than 50 CD4s, 12 people with 10-49 units had fewer than 500 CD4s while 17 people without interferon had about 700.
Several other features recognized among our first patients could also have been effects of interferon. Elevated serum triglyceride levels were characteristically seen. We routinely centrifuged blood before sending the samples to the lab and the turbidity of our patient's sera was striking.
Interferon inhibits an enzyme, lipoprotein lipase that could have contributed to elevated triglyceride levels (TNF can have the same effect), HDL cholesterol was characteristically low which could also be an interferon effect.
Patients were noted to have low blood tryptophan levels, and even in 1981 we knew that gamma interferon, and to a lesser extent alpha interferon could induce an enzyme (indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase – IDO) that degrades tryptophan. This was known to be the basis of interferon's inhibitory effect on toxoplasma gondii, an effect recognized in the 1970s. It's also possible that tryptophan degradation may contribute to neurocognitive disorders and more recently IDO has been implicated in the suppression of CD4 proliferation. The ability of interferon to inhibit CD4 proliferation was first reported in 1983 – at least 25 years before the effect of IDO was noted.
The early zeal to use interferon as a treatment for HIV disease also created a very strange situation concerning a molecule called beta-2 microglobulin (beta 2M).
It was well known that alpha interferon is the major stimulus for the synthesis and release of beta 2M, a component of the HLA system referred to above.
In the early years of the epidemic various markers were sought that could act as prognostic indicators. It was soon found that a raised beta 2M level in the serum of patients was an adverse prognostic indicator. High levels were indicative of a poor prognosis. But it appeared that many AIDS researchers were either unaware of this association or remained silent about it. At a meeting I attended on prognostic indicators there was a presentation on beta 2M, but as expected the word interferon was not mentioned.
I made a comment that this omission was strange considering patients with elevated beta 2M also had elevated interferon levels. The researcher leading this session looked puzzled and asked if anyone knew what I was talking about. I was rescued from this embarrassing moment by a reply from the investigator that interferon assays, unlike tests for beta 2M, were expensive.
One might have expected some discussion but none followed. At this time interferon was being injected into people who already were producing large amounts of it. Beta 2M levels were therefore raised, so the investigators reporting that raised beta 2M levels were adverse prognostic indicators were in effect suggesting that the presence of interferon indicated a poor prognosis – something hard to reconcile with injecting more of it.
In fact the adverse prognostic significance of serum interferon had already been reported early in the epidemic, as early as 1983, in studies on gay men and people with haemophilia, but neglected as was the case with a good number of early studies.
At least one noted AIDS researcher, in 1991 reported studies undertaken to evaluate the "hypothesis" that elevated beta 2M levels were associated with the production of interferon, an association that had been well known for about 20 years!
Beta 2M levels can be elevated in certain conditions where interferon is not detectable. But even before the onset of the epidemic we knew that when interferon levels are elevated we expect to see increases in beta 2M. Nonetheless this particular paper was noteworthy in that it discussed this association. Few others papers dealing with beta-2M during those years made any mention of it, thus avoiding the following question. If elevated beta-2M levels indicate an adverse prognosis should we not be concerned about administering interferon when there are already elevated beta 2M levels.
This of course doesn't mean that beta-2M mediated any pathogenic effects, but it simply prompts the question about a role for interferon in pathogenesis.
Of course we now know that interferon mediates some of the pathological effects of HIV disease, and beta-2M can properly be regarded as a surrogate marker for interferon.
But we knew that AIDS associated interferon was neutralized by monoclonal antibodies against administered interferon, meaning that the molecules were identical, and the interferon in patients' blood had the antiviral activity expected of alpha interferon when tested in cell cultures. We were able to detect it in patient's sera in the first place by assays that depended on its antiviral activity. It certainly was responsible for the beta 2M elevations.
This justification for administering interferon that cannot stand up to even the most cursory scrutiny was apparently good enough for community writers on AIDS treatment.
I repeatedly tried to bring attention to the probable contribution of interferon to pathogenesis without success. For example I received no response to a letter written to a writer on AIDS that can be seen by clicking here.
It's appropriate to emphasize again that interferon has been spectacularly successful in the treatment of Hepatitis C in co-infected individuals, even at lower CD4 counts.
AZT treatment was started in these three patients at time 0: HIV p24 antigen and interferon are promptly removed.
The effect of prolonged treatment with AZT on interferon is shown below.
Interestingly, interferon reappeared before HIV p24.
Why is the interferon response not turned off in HIV disease? Why does the innate immune response continue to be activated? What are the mechanisms that normally turn off interferon production and why are they not working?


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He came in as Vinsanity and went out as a salary dump.
Vince Carter's 41/2-season run in New Jersey ended yesterday as the Nets sent the 32-year-old to Orlando with second-year forward Ryan Anderson in exchange for Rafer Alston, Tony Battie and Courtney Lee.
Carter, going into the third year of a four-year, $61.8-million contract, told The Associated Press, "It's another challenge for me, another chapter in my career. Dwight [Howard] is an All-Star and becoming a superstar. My job will be to make it easier for him."
Alston and Battie are in the final year of their contracts, meaning $16.5 million will come off the Nets' books for the summer of 2010 when the free-agent market is headlined by LeBron James, Dwyane Wade and Chris Bosh.
In Lee, the Nets get an explosive young swingman who averaged 8.4 points as a rookie this past season.
Carter, who owns a home in Orlando, averaged 20.8 points last season. "Every player hopes for an opportunity like this, to just once compete for an NBA championship," Carter said. "This is a dream come true for me."
Nets pick Williams. The Nets selected Louisville's Terrence Williams 11th overall. He averaged 12.5 points and 8.6 assists last season as he led Louisville to the Elite Eight. He's known for his pure passing on the court and his eccentricity off it, as he often walked around campus with Barbie backpacks and SpongeBob SquarePants socks.
He said: "If you want to shop, and I love to shop, New York is right across the bridge. I have no complaints about being here in the tri-state area."


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This numerology 2018 is traditionally considered to be of a cerebral nature. Zodiac compatibility list- learn about the sims' astrological signs and which are compatible. The optimum first date for virgo and libra would be dinner at an expensive celebrity chef restaurant.
Often very crafty in a hands-on way, which supports their mastery of an artistic skill.
Boyfriend Tyron J Bouvier , bpl Birmingham, DOB: 23 August 1973, job Set and Exhibit Designers.
Pisces is such a sensitive soul that he will be hurt by her behavior.
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Leo male will feel lighter and less burdened with things from the past. Field. He is in it for the long haul so commitment is no problem for this man. It's not an instinctive pairing by any means, but if true love is present, adaptable gemini and caring cancer can make their relationship work.


text:
Q: Replace in string selected with regex I have quite large txt file and I want to use replace in string selected with regex.
File is filled with multiple lines that look like this:
...||date|14.02.2010||interest|games and books||options|opt1, opt2 and opt3||age|24||...

and now in |options|opt1, opt2 and opt3| I want to change and to , so it looks like |options|opt1, opt2, opt3|
I think this should work like this:

*

*select string with regex, ex. \|options\|(.*?)\|

*now something like this: replace and with , in $1
and repeat multiple times.
How can I do that in PHP? I hope it's clearly enough.

A: How about:
$str = '...||date|14.02.2010||interest|games and books||options|opt1, opt2 and opt3||age|24||...';

$str = preg_replace('/(\|options\|[^|]*) and/', "$1,", $str);
echo $str,"\n";

output:
...||date|14.02.2010||interest|games and books||options|opt1, opt2, opt3||age|24||...

A: Try this
$str= preg_replace('/(\|options\|[^|]+) and /', '\1,', $str);

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» Allstocks.com's Bulletin Board » Off-Topic Post, Non Stock Talk » Who discovered the Great Salt Lake? (Page 1)
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Author Topic: Who discovered the Great Salt Lake?
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I am currently doing some personal research on the Great Salt Lake in Utah.
According to all current "official" accounts that I can find, the Great Salt Lake was not known to the "white man" until around 1776 when Spanish missionary explorers Dominguez and Escalante learned of Great Salt Lake from the Native Americans.
Also according to all current "official" accounts, the first white person known to have visited the lake was Jim Bridger in 1825.
However, I believe I have found evidence that proves Dominguez and Escalante were NOT the first "white men" to learn about and document the existence of the Great Salt Lake.
After 4 weeks of exhaustive research on the Internet I have come to the conclusion that I may be the first to realize this evidence for what it is; proof that the "white man" knew about the Great Salt Lake in the late 1500's to early 1600's.
Due to the fact that I believe my compelling evidence, (while not proof positive), has been overlooked until now, I will not be revealing this evidence until I can do further research and find a way to make sure I am given credit, should my theory prove true.
Currently, I am looking for ANY and ALL information, websites, books, etc. that relate to "official" information regarding the discovery of the Great Salt Lake.
I am also looking for information on the following Spanish Missionaries and Explorers or anything related to their expeditions of the southwestern US in the late 16th - early 17th centuries:
1) Fray Marcos De Nizza (De Niza or De Nisa according to some spellings)
2) Cabeza de Vaca
3) Diego de Alcaraz
4) Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
5) Pedro de Castañeda
6) Antonio de Espejo
7) Francisco Sánchez Xamuscado (Chamuscado according to some spellings)
I am asking anyone at Allstocks to please post any relevant information or links on this thread. Anyone who posts information that furthers my research will be given credit, should my theory pan out.
I will reveal my evidence at a later undetermined date, unless someone knows a way I can assure that someone else won't run off with my theory without giving me credit, should I post the evidence here in a public forum.
If anyone knows how I could accomplish this so that I can post the evidence immediately in order to facilitate quicker and more thorough research, please by all means let me know either via this thread or via PM.
One is never completely useless. One can always serve as a bad example.
Posts: 2425 | From: CA | Registered: Jun 2005 | IP: Logged |
Member Rated:
Originally posted by NaturalResources:
Ok, this might seem totally stupid. But what is your point?
It is impossible to make anything foolproof because fools are so ingenious.
Posts: 3311 | From: St. Louis | Registered: Feb 2005 | IP: Logged |
Not exactly sure what you mean, I thought it was pretty clear but...
I think the record books are wrong about who "discovered" the Great Salt Lake and when it was "discovered" and I think I have found evidence that proves it.
I want to reveal the evidence to the public for scrutiny without some professor somewhere reading it and then writing a paper about it taking full credit for himself.
I have no education beyond a few college courses and have no idea how to further this "theory" without say, having to write a book about it.
I guess I am looking for advice and maybe some help with research from someone who is maybe a bit more edumacated that I....
i assume you are looking prior to Eteinne Provost?
Don't envy the happiness of those who live in a fool's paradise.
Posts: 36378 | From: USA | Registered: Sep 2003 | IP: Logged |
Yes, much prior to Eteinne Provost (1824-1825). The evidence I have found dates to the early 1600's.
The only "white men" anywhere near the Great Salt Lake during that time period that could have learned of and documented it's existence were early Spanish missionaries and explorers, thus my interest in the names I originally posted.
Ok, if history is like science? you are going to find a peer-reviewed journal to present your paper to. they will review it and if they want to publish? they will (99% chance) ask you for a rewrite before they publish and if they don't want it? they'll just reject it.
there is still a risk of your ideas being stolen.
there's not much monetary value to anybody but the people who would be selected to review it. to them, a publication is job security. since you aren't "in the business", it's almost impossible to protect your right to credit without "friends in the business"...
Directory of History Journals
Welcome to the AHA's Directory of History Journals. This database provides helpful links to peer-reviewed English-language journals that publish in all fields of history. Just choose a subject category from the list below and the journal's description and submission information are a mouse-click away. You've expended enough energy researching and writing your paper; let us help you find a place to publish it. No more time-consuming searches on the internet!
http://www.historians.org/pubs/free/journals/
are there any historical societies that specifically focus on the lake or the region? you might be able to publish it in something they put out without peer review...
if you want credit, and are willing to spend some money? then self-publishing a short book is one way.
I have a lot of work to do before I have anything that even resembles a paper that I could submit to a peer-reviewed journal. Most of my research is in the form of notes and short paragraphs, with a few time lines and maps, links, images, etc... This includes six main pieces of evidence that will make or break the theory...
I'm not doing this for monetary gain, just doing it out of my passion for history and to "set the record straight"... though in the end I wouldn't mind if credit was given where credit is due...
Again, I'm no where near having a paper I could submit, but I'll bookmark that link for later use. Also, I definitely should read up on anything put out by a regional historical society for the Great Salt Lake area, if one exists. It may be that I'm following in someone else's footsteps, and that information just hasn't made it to the mainstream media yet.
Self publishing isn't really an option at this point in time due to financial reasons, even if I had something put together that could be published. However I do have a family member who has self published before so I will have help there if I ever reach that point.
Regardless... thanks for the reply Glass. I'm beginning to think maybe I should just reveal the evidence here and let you guys tear it apart before I go through the effort of putting together something worth publishing. For all I know, I may be completely overlooking the obvious and my theory is a total wash.
Well... ...Here goes nothing. This is one of the major pieces of evidence I have uncovered.
This map was made by Henry Briggs, (February 1561-January 26, 1630), an English mathematician notable for changing Napier's logarithms into common/Briggesian logarithms.
It is dated 1625 AD and was one of the first maps to incorrectly show California as an island. This was an error that was copied to later maps all the way up until the early 1700's and created a dispute among cartographers that was not conclusively settled until the expeditions of Juan Bautista de Anza traveled between Sonora and the west coast of California in 1774-1776.
Take note however, of the large lake shown as the source of the Colorado river and the labled "town" just to the south of the lake in the Henry Briggs map. Close examination of larger replications of this map reveal that the "town" is labeled "Real De Neuvo Mexio" or "Road of New Mexico".
This, (coupled with much more evidence which I am currently withholding), IMO, means that it was a well known fact when the Henry Briggs map was published in 1625 that there was a large lake to the north of New Mexico, (the northern most regions reached by the well documented expedition of Francisco Vasquez de Coronado in 1540-1542), which could only be the Great Salt Lake.
Keeping in mind that according to all "official" accounts, the Great Salt Lake was not even known about by the "white man" until Juan Bautista de Anza's expeditions, do you guys think I am on to something or should I throw my theory into the trash heap and move on to other things?
bdgee
NR, never throw any idea into the trash unless you have found conclusive irrefutable evidence that it is indeed JUST trash.
Posts: 11304 | From: Fort Worth, Texas | Registered: Mar 2005 | IP: Logged |
can you find a source for his map?
here's another one from between Briggs map and Anza's expedition that show it:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Strait_of_Anian_from_Nova_orbis_tabula_by_Fre derik_de_Wit.png
Bdgee,
Thanks for the encouragement, I just feel like I am overlooking the obvious. Many, many, people much more educated than I have probably poured over these maps for centuries, but never spotted the "Great Salt Lake" on them? Seems highly unlikely IMO... I'd hate to spend more time, effort and money on this "theory" only to realize I'm not the first to stumble across this or that there is a simple, already known explanation.
I cannot find a source at the current time but as I stated in my original post, it must have been via Spanish explorers or missionaries in the late 1500's until the early 1600's because they were the only Europeans in the area at the time. For this reason, I suspect that Henry Briggs that the original source for Henry Brigg's map must have been either a Spanish map or report.
Thanks for the link. As far as I can tell with my research, the same lake is featured in many maps dating from 1598 until around 1725, shortly before it's "official" discovery via communication with Natives in the area during Bautista's expeditions.
heres' a British one for sale from 1587 (supposedly) that has it too.. (
i'm wondering how the Brits got the Spanish maps, there must be some connection...
i bet that if you can find the one the brits were copying from? you'll find who was there.
Map Maker: Jodocus Hondius / William Rogers
Place / Date: London / 1587
Coloring: Uncolored
Size: 21.5 inch diameter inches
http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/19055
price appears to be if you have to ask? you can't afford it...
what an amazingly accurate map for the date, huh?
Thanks again Glass, I didn't have that map in my evidence pile, and 1587 is the earliest map I've seen that shows the lake.
I'm thinking along the same lines as you, find the source for the map, and I've got a "smoking gun" so to speak. The problem is, there are several well known expeditions that were in the area early enough to be the source for these maps, but none of them have been proven to have made it further north on the west side of the Rockies than the Grand Canyon, which was reached via a small "side exedition" of Coronado's men conducted while Coronado's force rested after the Battle of Hawikuh at Cibola.
http://www.psi.edu/coronado/battleofhawikuh.html
Cabeza de Vaca got lost on his trip from Tampa to Mexico... 1528-1536
mighta been him...
Traveling mostly in this small group, Cabeza de Vaca explored what is now the U.S. state of Texas, and possibly smaller portions of New Mexico and Arizona.
Cabeza de Vaca's account of his journey in 1528-1536 was the motivation behind both Fray Marcos De Nizza's 1539, and Francisco Vasquez de Coronado's 1542 expeditions seeking the legendary "Seven Cities of Cibola", rumored to be cities made of solid gold.
I have read through a translation of his account "La Relación" or "The Relation", and can find no mention of anything resembling a description of the Great Salt Lake or it's mention among conversation with the countless groups of natives he encountered during his 8 years of travel.
http://www.eldritchpress.org/cdv/rel.htm
In addition, most historians agree that the furthest north reached by De Vaca was the small pueblo Hawikuh which was later conquered by Coronado, (in the previously mentioned "Battle of Hawikuh"), which is just to the south of modern Zuni, New Mexico.
However, his writings are vague and filled with large "time" gaps, some of which appear to be multi-month periods in which he wrote nothing of his journeys. I have read in a few places he later published a second, more detailed account of his journey, however the original was lost in a fire, and no known copies presently exist.
Im curious Glass, what search terms are you using to find those maps?
early north american maps ... image function lets you scan quicker..
Glass, you asked earlier how the Brits could have obtained copies of Spanish maps...
An interesting note that I ran across during my research:
During his 1577 expedition sponsored by Queen Elizabeth, Sir Francis Drake captured several Spanish ships in the Pacific off the coast of South America fill with treasure. It has been said that Drake used their more "accurate charts" during the rest of his journey north. It is highly possible that these charts could have been the original source for the Henry Briggs map of 1625.
Coincidentally, many of the charts used by Drake, and records of his expedition were lost when Whitehall Palace burned to the ground in 1698, which might explain why most maps made after the early 1700's do not show a large lake north of New Mexico.
that makes sense... Drake was a pirate with a license.
Further details from a book titled "Pillaging the Empire" By Kris E. Lane.
On pages 45 and 46, in reference to Drakes capture of the treasure laden Spanish galleon Cacafuego:
"Short of the substanital feat of circumnavigation this was as good as it would get for Drake. Another prize was taken off Cano Island (Costa Rica) by the crew's pinnace on 20 March 1579 while the Golden Hind was being careened.
As luck would have it, the small vessel, though carrying little of value in its hold, had aboard two pilots of the Manila galleon route. These men, Alonso Sanchez Colchero and Martin de Aquirre, just happened to have their chart-books, or derroteros, along with them. Only Sanchez Colchero was detained, the others having been let go to sail the pirates own pinnace back to Nicoya, whence they had come.
Ok well, I have my smoking gun... I've got a name, date and proof of the source for the lake that shows up on maps starting in 1587.
I'm am confident my theory is sound, and I want to move to the next step of creating a paper to present my theory.
Do any of you know any tips or tricks for how to go about the process of writing a paper? At this point all I have is a jumble of loosely organized notes and I'm not exactly sure of how to organize that into something that can be published.
tips or tricks for how to go about the process of writing a paper?
http://www.aresearchguide.com/1steps.html
Thanks Glass. A lot of work ahead of me, still working on sorting everything based on the format used in the link you posted. I've got a short thesis paragraph written out, and I'm hoping I'll be organized enough to write the introduction starting sometime next week, (I've got a busy work schedule this week).
Anyhow, thanks again for the help, and just so you know, that map you found from is still the oldest map I have as evidence that shows the "lake". Also the date, 1587, fits perfectly (within 5 years) with other collaborating evidence that I have.
When I reach the point of completion, your "name" will included as an assistant researcher.
cool. i hope it generates some interest...
BTW? it would be good to read a couple of other historical papers to get an idea how other people aproach the writing too...
find one you like and "reverse engineer" it by writing it's outline...
Good idea Glass, Thx again.
I stayed up late last night and finished a rough outline based on the last link you sent me. I am having a problem however, with figuring out the order to present the evidence in the body of the "paper".
It seems to make the most sense to organize the body based on a timeline, because I am trying to show that maps before a certain date do not show the lake, then after a certain date the lake is shown in order to demonstrate that a certain expedition is responsible for the information used to create the maps where the lake is shown.
However, certain events relevant to the "discovery" of the lake take place before or after their proper location in the timeline based body suggests they should be revealed.
Am I approaching this wrong using a timeline based body, or am I approaching the purpose of the body wrong, and I should relay all information in a time-based linear fashion in the body with out making any connections with the evidence, and then use the Analytical Summary section in the paper to tie all the evidence in the body together?
Also, how do I use information I know to be true and correct that is often used for fringe or far fetched theories without the risk of being associated with such theories?
it sounds like you are now getting into the art of writing a paper.
it sounds (to me) like you need to try to find a paper that deals with the same sort of timeline issues to see how they handled it...
my history reading is almost entirely in historical based fiction like the Sharpe series by Bernard Cornwell
in general i would ASSUME that you would state your new theory in the intro and then relay all information in a time-based linear fashion in the body with out making any connections with the evidence, and then use the Analytical Summary section in the paper to tie all the evidence in the body together.
don't forget to make citations, "facts" are not accepted at face value...
It has been a while since I've posted on this thread so I thought I might give an update in case any of you out there were interested.
While in the process of creating my paper to prove my theory, I realized I needed better quality images of some of the maps I am using as evidence so that certain features can easily be seen. As I was searching, I discovered another map that shows what I believe to be the Great Salt Lake.
This map is from 1575, which PRE-DATES the earliest map I had as evidence which is dated 1587, (This is the map found by Allstocks very own "Glassman"). Unfortunately, this map also PRE-DATES my other key piece of evidence, a written document by a Spanish priest from 1584 that claims natives of New Mexico told him of a "large lake to the north".
While this does not mean my theory is wrong, it does mean pages of typed text have to be trashed and hours of work have been wasted following false leads. It also means I have to go back to the drawing board and start from scratch in figuring out who could have been responsible for the information used to create the 16th century maps that appear to show the Great Salt Lake.
While I am a bit discouraged, I am still trudging forward on this and I'll post any major developments as they occur.
Keep it up, NR.
The only true failure in scholarship is the failure of not trying.
You're already beyond where you were before you started and have even more data to study. You are already being a success.
Peaser
NR, Have you seen Ortelius' oval world map of 1570, Gerard Mercator's in 1569, or Benedetto Bordone's in 1528?
http://sio.midco.net/mapstamps/ortelius.htm
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Mercator_World_Map.jpg
Posts: 10736 | From: The Land Of The Giants | Registered: Feb 2005 | IP: Logged |
Neat lookin' book preview on early maps:
http://books.google.com/books?id=ICDV937xiNIC&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=Benedetto+Bord one+1528&source=web&ots=m6B9OQmpl_&sig=CjkMxbmsvPRJgS714DpufkVaT-c&hl=en&sa=X&oi =book_result&resnum=6&ct=result#PPA65,M1
Mercator 1589 Polar Chart:
http://www.ub.uit.no/northernlights/eng/map03.htm
old maps are cool. considering how they had to guess how far they had gone east and west it's pretty amazing how close they were.
there's another old map that still has afficionado's scratching their heads too.
In 1929, a group of historians found an amazing map drawn on a gazelle skin.
Research showed that it was a genuine document drawn in 1513 by Piri Reis, a famous admiral of the Turkish fleet in the sixteenth century.
His passion was cartography. His high rank within the Turkish navy allowed him to have a privileged access to the Imperial Library of Constantinople.
The Turkish admiral admits in a series of notes on the map that he compiled and copied the data from a large number of source maps, some of which dated back to the fourth century BC or earlier.
The most puzzling however is not so much how Piri Reis managed to draw such an accurate map of the Antarctic region 300 years before it was discovered, but that the map shows the coastline under the ice. Geological evidence confirms that the latest date Queen Maud Land could have been charted in an ice-free state is 4000 BC.
http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_1.htm
the implication of the existence of the Piri Reis map is that we are missing a huge chunk of history.
Piri Reis used several different sources, collected here and there along his journeys. He himself has written notes on the map that give us a picture of the work he had been doing on the map. He says he had been not responsible for the original surveying and cartography. His role was merely that of a compiler who used a large number of source-maps. He says then that some of the source-maps had been drawn by contemporary sailors, while others were instead charts of great antiquity, dating back up to the 4th century BC or earlier.
the US Navy confirmed that the map was more accurate than their own in 1953, and that it used plane geometry, containing latitudes and longitudes at right angles in a modern grid, but it is obviously copied from an earlier map that was projected using spherical trigonometry, and that much of the map showed features under a mile of ice.
getting accurate longitudes was impossible until this:
The British Longitude Act of 1714, in the reign of Queen Anne, promised a prize of 20,000 english pounds for a solution to the longitude problem to anyone that could provide longitude to an accuracy of 1/2 degree. It was an immense amount of money at the time, the equivalent of millions of dollars today.
As Dava Sobel explains, "to know one's longitude at sea, one needs to know what time it is aboard ship and also the time at the home port or another place of known longitude-at that very same moment. The two clock times enable the navigator to convert the hour difference into geographical separation.
By the time the Royal Commission was disbanded in 1828, it had paid out in excess of 100,000 pounds on determining a method of finding 'longitude', tax payers money for once well spent, British vessels were enabled to navigate the oceans of the world, first by lunar distance and then by ships chronometer, supporting the founding of an empire and a world power.
http://www.sailtexas.com/long.html
hmmmmmm.... there's that conundrum again, "tax payers money for once well spent"
Life was so much more simplified then...
They didn't think so though.
Jeb dun got da fever. Goodnight Irene...
Thanks for the continued encouragement. This is becoming a much larger project than I first anticipated, but the thrill of discovery drives me forward.
Peaser,
I have seen all of the maps you linked above with exception of the third you mentioned, the Benedetto Bordone map of 1528. This is because I have excluded researching maps that show only the exterior shores of the North American continent or maps that are dated prior to 1539.
Since I am looking for information that was gained via inland exploration, (discovery of the Great Salt Lake), I believe I can exclude most maps that only feature the shores because the information they contain has mostly been gathered by ships sailing along the coast. In addition, the earliest documented exploration in North America anywhere close to the Great Salt Lake did not take place until Cabeza de Vaca's journey in 1539, so I am fairly certain I can exclude any map dated prior to 1539.
(My original intent was to document every 16th century North American map available and compare different features to show conclusively that maps before a certain date do not show the GSL and maps after a certain date show the GLS, however this has proven both time consuming and unnecessary. Ironically, the very same book you linked to was instrumental in allowing me to focus my research on 20-30 different maps instead of hundreds of maps. It is also a book which I intend on adding to my personal library.)
The two other maps you linked both show large lakes in the interior of the North American continent. However, there is certain other critical evidence which I am withholding at the current time which leads me to decisively conclude they are not a representation of the Great Salt Lake. (Note that the shores of the large lake on the 1569 Mercator map touch the arctic circle.)
Glassman,
I have always had a fascination with maps, especially old ones. This is probably what led me to pursue a career in Surveying.
I have read a bit here and there about the Piri Reis map. IMO, there are compelling arguments both for and against whether or not the map is authentic. I think knowledge of Antarctic features in the Piri Reis is one of the most compelling arguments towards it's authenticity.
If it is authentic, I do agree that we are missing a large chunk of our history, which would not surprise me considering such archival atrocities as the burning of the Library of Alexandria, or destruction of Incan Quipu by the Spanish Conquistadors.
I would only add that while determining longitude AT SEA was very difficult until the mid-1800's, in the 16th century it was quite EASY to determine one's longitude ON LAND, (once you reached it), with only an astronomical table and a few days, (and nights), of careful observations.
In closing, I would like to thank everyone for their comments, and I look forward to further exchanges.
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Why Wait a Month for a Sofa That's Not Even What You Wanted?
Edgar Blazona, founder of BenchMade Modern, one of several new furniture companies courting customers, increasingly millennials.Credit...Alanna Hale for The New York Times
By Constance Gustke
During dinner-party conversation, Edgar Blazona kept hearing complaints about the drudgery of buying furniture. Long delivery times. Lack of choice.
So in the spring of 2015, he started a furniture company, BenchMade Modern, to make custom sofas on demand.
Sofa lengths can be set by the customer in one-inch increments. The company also offers dozens of colors, fabric swatches and full-size paper printouts of sofas to let customers see how the pieces will look and fit in their homes.
The BenchMade Modern factory in Los Angeles tracks the construction process, gives customers live online updates and provides free delivery. The typical turnaround time for production is seven days.
"I wanted to take away customers' frustrations," said Mr. Blazona, a former Pottery Barn designer whose company now has 16 employees. "With big furniture retailers, you can buy sofas in a few sizes and colors, and they're shipped in two to four weeks."
As retailers like Ikea and Crate & Barrel lose their luster among some shoppers, a range of furniture start-ups like BenchMade Modern see an opportunity. They are courting customers, increasingly millennials, who want unique furniture that will last. And fast delivery becomes increasingly important as more online retailers offer shorter delivery times for all types of goods.
BenchMade Modern, based in San Francisco, is already breaking even, Mr. Blazona said. To keep costs low, he is using a hybrid store model, in which furniture is sold online and in a showroom in the Mission District of San Francisco. To speed the process, orders are sent directly to the factory.
Technology is making it easier, and cheaper, to offer made-to-order.
"The days of the megafurniture store are gone," said Mr. Blazona, who designed his eight-piece sofa collection in a clean, Modernist style. "They're very expensive to run. And customers get overloaded with too many choices."
Mr. Blazona had experience in the industry. He began another Modernist furniture firm, TrueModern, in 2005, which he still owns.
BenchMade Modern has raised $800,000 from six angel investors. The company is raising an additional $1 million from venture capitalists to finance factory improvements.
"The furniture industry is old dog," Mr. Blazona said. "I had to start my own U.S. factory to fix this," he added, referring to the manufacturing process."
Jason Hancock fits the profile of the customer these start-ups are trying to attract. He was looking for two sofas that could fit into his and his wife's new home in San Francisco. He said he first researched West Elm and Room & Board offerings.
Mr. Hancock, an advertising account manager, heard about BenchMade Modern via word of mouth. He bought from the firm because of the custom sizes that could fit into a long space. The short delivery time and comparable prices were also big selling points.
"I'd rather buy from a smaller company," said Mr. Hancock, "because you feel like you're part of the process." He added that he was impressed that Mr. Blazona personally called him to confirm the furniture order.
Leura Fine, founder and chief executive of the online interior design site Laurel & Wolf, said that millennials are creative and want their homes to be special, which is driving interest in such small brands. Her site features more than 800 designers who work with customers online for a flat rate.
"The days of walking into Pottery Barn and buying a whole bedroom suite" are gone, Ms. Fine said. "There's also a huge appetite for customization."
The lower barriers to entry are also prompting more design-driven furniture businesses. John Humphrey started Greycork in Rhode Island in 2013 with a mission of offering well-designed furnishings made from high-quality woods like Baltic birch from Scandinavia or Russia and American ash. Four Greycork designers are Rhode Island School of Design graduates. The furniture can be assembled by consumers in minutes. The company also offers free shipping and free 60-day trials.
Mr. Humphrey, a former analyst at a venture capital firm, expects Greycork revenue to reach $1 million this year. His goal is to scale up quickly, as Warby Parker did, by offering affordable pieces. He is offering a coffee table for $185.
His online financing campaign via Indiegogo set out to raise $50,000 and ended up with just over $270,000. Since then, he has raised another $2 million from venture capital and angel investors.
The company, he said, was particularly focused on attracting millennials, a growing consumer market of those ages 18 to 34. "The opportunity is very large," he said. "We're creating a brand that speaks to millennials."
Millennials became the largest furniture consumer group in the United States in 2014, according to Fung Business Intelligence research. Their spending on furniture increased 142 percent from 2012 to 2014.
But while the start-ups have opportunities in the market, they are facing production issues. Greycork's far-flung furniture supply chain, Mr. Humphrey said, was difficult to manage as wood was shipped from Russia and fabric imported from China for pieces assembled in the southeastern United States. "We're working down the learning curve," he said.
Some furniture start-ups have set their sights on the typical Ikea customer.
Brad Sewell, a former Apple engineer, started Campaign Living last year. It is taking preorders and aims to offer furniture with simple lines and deliver it in three to five days. The affordable furnishings can be assembled in a few minutes without tools and easily repacked in two boxes. An armchair, for example, sells for $495.
Campaign Living, which has three employees, has raised over $1 million in seed money, said Mr. Sewell, whose company is based in Emeryville, Calif. "Everyone needs a place to sit," he said. "So there's enough space for everyone to exist."
His offerings don't fit into the "disposable furniture" category that many young people may be accustomed to. He spent a year creating prototypes. He said he had tested furniture frames using hydraulic cylinders in Detroit that simulated the load of a 250-pound human.
Furniture frames are made from laser-cut steel. The legs are crafted from sustainable woods from the Midwest. Particle board is banned. He said he hoped his furniture would be handed down through generations.
The offbeat signature styles of some of the new designers may never be a huge part of the $96 billion furniture industry, but start-ups are finding ways to reach their target audiences with them.
Akron Street, a small New York company founded by two designers, Hansley Yunez and Lulu Li, has also offered up easy-to-assemble pieces. Its 12-piece furniture line, which went on sale last summer, is made with white oak from Appalachia. A solid wood coffee table, for instance, is $295.
The company began with a $140,000 family loan. Since then, the founders have bootstrapped the financing. They designed the website themselves, and advertising and marketing are done by word of mouth or on Craigslist. The furniture showroom is the couple's East Village apartment in New York City.
Already, the company has a waiting list for some furniture pieces.
"People may not want all the same furniture," said Mr. Yunez, who is also courting millennials. "It's about creating a sense of identity."


text:
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Program Highlights – Week 04/03/2013 to 10/03/2013
All times are UTC/GMT
Live from Sala Stampa, Vatican City. Press Briefing on the fourth day of the Sede Vacante, with the latest announcements on the Conclave, with Fr. Federico Lombardi SJ, Director of the Holy See Press Office.
Channels Broadcasting Live: Telepace, Noursat
Streaming Online Live: Here via Vatican Player
Live from Nazareth, Israel. Holy Mass for the Family of Radio Maryja pilgrimage to the Holy Land, from the Basilica of the Annunciation.
Channels Broadcasting Live: TV TRWAM
Live from Vatican City. 'Rome Dispatch with Joan Lewis', with the latest news on the Sede Vacante.
Channels Broadcasting Live: EWTN
Tuesday 5
Live from Sala Stampa, Vatican City. Press Briefing on the fifth day of the Sede Vacante, with the latest announcements on the Conclave, with Fr. Federico Lombardi SJ, Director of the Holy See Press Office.
Live from Gossau, Switzerland. Holy Mass, Exposition of Blessed Sacrament and Blessing of the Sick.
Channels Broadcasting Live: K-TV
Streaming Online Live: Here via K-TV.org
Wednesday 6
Live from Karrada, Baghdad, Iraq. Divine Liturgy, in the Chaldean Catholic Rite, for the enthronement of Louis Raphaël I Sako, as Patriarch of Babylon and Archbishop of Baghdad (Chaldean), from St. Joseph's Chaldean Catholic Church.
Channels Broadcasting Live: Noursat
Streaming Online Live: Here via Noursat.tv
Live from Sala Stampa, Vatican City. Press Briefing on the sixth day of the Sede Vacante, with the latest announcements on the Conclave, with Fr. Federico Lombardi SJ, Director of the Holy See Press Office.
Live from St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City. Prayer Vigil, with recitation of the Rosary, Eucharistic Adoration, Vespers and Eucharistic Blessing for the Universal Church on the occasion of the General Congregations of the College of Cardinals, with the entire College of Cardinals to pray for the Cardinal Electors before the Conclave, from the Altar of the Chair. Presided by Angelo Cardinal Comastri, Archpriest of the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano.
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Channels Broadcasting Live: Telepace, TV2000, EWTN, KTO, TV TRWAM, K-TV Fernsehen, Noursat, TV Canção Nova
Thursday 7
Live from Rome, Italy. Special Episode Edition of 'EWTN Live', with Fr. Mitch Pacwa SJ, discussing the Papal Election.
Live from Sala Stampa, Vatican City. Press Briefing on the seventh day of the Sede Vacante, with the latest announcements on the Conclave, with Fr. Federico Lombardi SJ, Director of the Holy See Press Office.
Live from Kalisz, Poland. Holy Mass for the Intentions of the family and defence of Pro-Life and the Unborn, from the Basilica of St. Joseph. Presided by Bishop Tadeusz Lityński, Titular Bishop of Cemerinianus, Auxiliary Bishop of Zielona Góra-Gorzów.
Live from Fatima, Portugal. Reciatation of the Holy Rosary, with the Pilgrim Image of Our Lady of Częstochowa, the Black Madonna, from the Chapel of the Apparitions.
Channels Broadcasting Live: Canção Nova Internacional
Streaming Online Live: Here via tv.cancaonova.pt
Live from Vatican City. Special Edition of 'The World Over, with Raymond Arroyo', with the latest on the Sede Vacante.
Tape-Delayed from Vatican City. Special Edition of 'Life on the Rock', with Fr. Mark Mary.
Live from Jerusalem, Israel. Holy Mass for the Family of Radio Maryja pilgrimage to the Holy Land, from the Basilica of the Basilica of the Agony, also known as the Church of All Nations.
Live from Sala Stampa, Vatican City. Press Briefing on the eighth day of the Sede Vacante, with the latest announcements on the Conclave, with Fr. Federico Lombardi SJ, Director of the Holy See Press Office.
Live from Vatican City. EWTN Vatican Daily with Colleen Carroll Campbell, with the latest on the Sede Vacante.
Live from Beirut, Lebanon. Stations of the Cross, with reflection entitled 'Faith between Doubt and Certainty', delivered by Msgr. Antoine Assag, from St. George's Maronite Cathedral.
Live from Vatican City. EWTN Coverage of the Sede Vacante with Raymond Arroyo.
Live from Sala Stampa, Vatican City. Press Briefing on the ninth day of the Sede Vacante, with the latest announcements on the Conclave, with Fr. Federico Lombardi SJ, Director of the Holy See Press Office.
Live from São Paulo, Brazil. Divine Liturgy, in the Maronite Rite, from the Cathedral of Our Lady of Lebanon. Presided by Bishop Edgar Madi, Bishop of Nossa Senhora do Líbano em São Paulo.
Channels Broadcasting Live: Noursat, TV Canção Nova
Live from Paris, France. The fourth of the weekly reflections for the Conference of Lent, with the theme of "Belief and Doubt", from the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris. The Lecture is delivered by Bishop Michel Aupetit, Titular Bishop of Maxita, Auxiliary Bishop of Paris.
Channels Broadcasting Live: KTO
Information on how to receive these channels can be found on our Channel Information Page. A list of links where the Channels can be viewed online can be found on our Live TV Links Page.
Tags: Catholic, Chaldean Catholic, Federico Lombardi, Holy See Press Office, Louis Raphaël I Sako, Patriarch of Babylon, Sede Vacante, Television
Categories Weekly Program Highlights
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One Response to "Program Highlights – Week 04/03/2013 to 10/03/2013"
JOHN MUSOKE 11 March, 2013 at 1:33 pm #
I watched a discussion last night on EWTN about 2000hrs GMT Sunday 10th March 2013. It was moderated by one man and it had one lady, one monk and another man. It touched me so deeply. It was about the stages involved in building a closer relationship with God. The first stage was the purgatory stage , the second stage was the Illuminating stage,. Where can I get a playback or recording of this wonderful roundtable discussion?.
John Musoke
RT @franceintheus: I guess this is us now... https://t.co/LrKvgjiw1X 2 hours ago
Man who killed a sacristan and injured a priest in terrorist attacks at two Catholic Churches in the city of Algeci… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 3 hours ago
So many questions left unanswered about the Vatican's handling of the Rupnik case. With the Pope saying he had noth… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 5 hours ago
What? twitter.com/ucanews/status… 5 hours ago
o mundo está louco twitter.com/tomswarbrick1/… 6 hours ago
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This detached holiday home with a private swimming pool is located in the beach resort of L' Escala, only 1 km from the sea. The holiday home is all on one level and has a partially covered terrace.
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The trend stared when @elona_balasyan pulled out a beauty blender and gave an ordinary potato a glam makeover worthy of a teen romcom montage. She adds sharp eyebrows, expertly blended eyeshadow, and plump lips. It's beautiful.


Modified versions of the pi-ratings ranked 1st 3 and 2nd 4 in the international competition Machine Learning for Soccer hosted by the Machine Learning journal in 2017/18. Contents History edit Publications about statistical models for football predictions started appearing from the 90s, but the first.
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text:
Bust Your Elastic Waistband With Christmas Sweats Song
By Neha Prakash 2012-12-13 20:42:45 UTC
If you don't get red and green sweatpants this Christmas season, consider yourself hornswoggled. Who will you trade jammies and dance with?
Definitely not the guys in this awesomely festive video.
SEE ALSO: Wham + Psy = 'Last Gangnam Christmas'
Clearly those who have this seasonal getup trade digits with the Big Man in Red himself and are invited to Rudolph's annual New Year's shindig. So don't be caught in just a plain sweatsuit anytime around the 25th, or loser status will set in.
And don't fret, our Jewish friends — your blue and white sweats work just as well to party it up.
Do you rock a pair of Christmas sweats every year? Tell us about them in the comments below (bonus points for the PJs with footies).
BONUS:15 Cheesy Christmas Music Videos on YouTube
15 Cheesy Christmas Music Videos on YouTube
1. "Last Christmas" - Wham!
What would a cheesy Christmas music video roundup be without George Michael -- and his mullet, covered by a furry, snow-covered hood?
If you like this video, just wait until you see the a cappella Norwegian version.
2. "Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays" - 'N Sync
This video has everything: Gary Coleman as an elf, advanced green screen action, metal ball necklaces and those half-up, half-down pig tails that were cool in the early '00s.
Also, Joey Fatone, what are you wearing?
3. "All I Want for Christmas" - Mariah Carey
Mariah Carey collaborated with Justin Bieber last year for a fresh take on her holiday staple. But the original 1994 video -- in all of its vintage film, kaleidoscope glory -- will forever be the best.
4. "Sleigh Ride" - TLC
Baggy overalls? Check. Soft lighting? Check. Christmas warehouse party? Check. TLC did this hip-hop version of the original 1950s carol in 1993.
5. "Christmas in Hollis" - RUN DMC
The DJ elf is only one tiny part that makes this 1987 hip hop video so wonderfully cheesy.
Wait for the breakdown towards the end with "Back Door Santa", "Frosty the Snowman", "Jingle Bells", and "Joy to the World."
6. "Christmas Conga" - Cyndi Lauper
No, Cyndi Lauper's "Christmas Conga" music video doesn't really include Sims avatars and dancing 3D aliens. But this is so outlandish, that it's going in the mix.
7. "8 Days of Christmas" - Destiny's Child
"On the third day of Christmas, my baby gave to me, a gift certificate to get my favorite CDs."
Nothing says holiday romance like crop tops, Barbies made in your franchise and kids destroying a toy store.
8. "Grandma Got Runover by a Reindeer" - Elmo and Patsy
This song is known for its silly lyrics, so its only natural that there is a great '90s music video to go with it.
9. "Jingle Bell Rock" - Billy Idol
Billy Idol's facial expression are hilarious enough on their own. Adding fake snow in the background and angled close up shots of Brian Tichy are just icing on the cake.
10. "Santa Baby" - Madonna
Madonna plays the Marilyn Monroe part well in this classic 1987 holiday cover. Then suddenly, you forget what you're watching because an animated cartoon of an elephant flys across the screen, followed by what looks like Madonna as a fairy.
11. "Where Are You Christmas?" - Faith Hill
This song from the 2000 film How the Grinch Stole Christmas makes you want to sing into a hairbrush. Faith Hill's crimpy hair looks especially magical in the snow
12. "I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus" - John Mellencamp
There's something about John Mellencamp and his lucious locks singing about his mommy and Santa Claus that's both strange and wonderful.
13. "When My Heart Finds Christmas" - Harry Connick, Jr.
Harry Connick, Jr., what are you doing with that snowglobe outside of the window?
14. "Let it Snow" - Jessica Simpson
Jessica Simpson belts out a classic in her 2004 cover of "Let it Snow." The video became more famous, with its fake snow and green screen action.
15. "Oi to the World" - No Doubt
Nothing gets you in the holiday spirit like a Vandals' cover about gangs living together in harmony.
Topics: holiday videos, Video, Videos, Culture


text:
The Tammy Abraham transfer saga appears to have taken another twist
The latest on the Chelsea striker and Wolves target on loan at Aston Villa
Mat Kendrick
Chelsea do NOT want to sell Tammy Abraham this month, according to Sky Sports.
It follows interest in Abraham from Premier League rivals Wolverhampton Wanderers, who reportedly bid for the 21-year-old striker yesterday.
Abraham has been in fine form on loan at Aston Villa, banging in 16 goals in 20 matches to fire him to the top of the Championship scoring charts.
He is on a season loan at Villa but Chelsea have the option to recall him this month if they so desire.
According to Sky Sports, the Stamford Bridge club are not interested in selling him in January.
Tammy Abraham of Aston Villa
They claim Chelsea would rather continue to monitor Abraham's development ahead of potential future first team opportunities rather than being rushed into cashing in on him this month.
It seems to be up to the player and his camp whether he is happy to see out the rest of his loan at Villa or would prefer to engineer another loan move to test himself again in the Premier League.
Chelsea boss Maurizio Sarri has ruled out the prospect of bringing him back as a replaced for the injured Olivier Giroud.
Villa manager Dean Smith insists he and the club are relaxed about the situation.
Who will Tammy Abraham be playing for this season after January?
"We're very happy with the way he's playing, he is, too," said Smith. "You can see the connection he has with the supporters and the staff here.
"Chelsea seem happy too because he's developing as a player and scoring in this league.
"For all three parties it is a win-win. I'd be amazed if anything happens to stop that.
"I'm of the understanding that they're not looking to sell him.
What's happening at Aston Villa?
All the latest Villa news
Merson's worry for Villa
"He's having a good loan spell here and hopefully that will only get better as the season goes on.
"Keeping him here is not in my control. If Chelsea want to recall him, that's up to them.
"I can't control that. But the conversations I've had with him is that he's really enjoying it as a player and is happy here."
To add a further complication to the Abraham situation, it is at FIFA's discretion whether the player would be allowed to play for a third club in the same season.
Wolverhampton Wanderers FC


text:
Q: Can't reproduce confint profile likelihood results I'm trying to follow this answer here and the linked paper. But I can't seem to get the same results as the confint gives. Sometimes I get something very simmilar, but sometimes my CI is more conservative or less conservative than confint.
I want to know also if the general idea of the implementation is correct - say your model is $a+ b*x$, and you wish to have a CI for $b$ - are you supposed to find, for every value of $b$ the maximum log-likelihood of $a$, and compute these log-likelihoods, and find the $b$'s whose log-likelihood is bigger than $ll(b^{MLE}) - \chi^2_{1,0.975}/2$ ?
Here's the code:
# Generate the data
rpt = 4
x = rep(seq(1, 10, 0.5), times=rpt)
mu = 2.3*x # + rnorm(length(x), sd=0.5)
y = rpois(length(mu), mu)
plot(x, y)

fit = glm(y ~ x, family=poisson(link="identity"))
fit$coefficients

# profile log likelihood function
loglik = function(b) {
  func = function(a) {
    mu.hat = a + b*x
    ll = 0
    for (i in 1:length(x)) {
      ll = ll + dpois(y[i], mu.hat[i], log=T)
    }
    return(ll)
  }
  fit1 = optimize(func, c(0, 5), maximum=T)
  return(fit1$objective)
}

logLik(fit) # built-in function that computes the log-likelihood
loglik(fit$coefficients[2]) # profile ll - should be equal for MLE

beta = seq(1.9, 2.7, 0.0001)
ll = rep(0, length(beta))
for (i in 1:length(beta)){
  ll[i] = loglik(beta[i])
}
plot(beta, ll)

wch = which(ll > logLik(fit)-qchisq(0.975, 1)/2)
(ind.lo = wch[1])
(beta.lo = beta[ind.lo])
(ind.hi = wch[length(wch)])
(beta.hi = beta[ind.hi])
confint(fit) # compare to confint

(beta.MLE = fit$coefficients[2])
pchisq(2*(loglik(beta.MLE)-loglik(beta.lo)), 1)
pchisq(2*(loglik(beta.MLE)-loglik(beta.hi)), 1)

UPDATE:
Using this glm seems to give exact results:
loglik = function(b) {
  fit1 = glm(y ~ 1, offset=b*x, family=poisson(link="identity"))
  return(logLik(fit1))
}


A new seventeen-minute featurette for Game of Thrones went behind the scenes of the series premiere. You can see the HBO video below, which includes interviews with the cast and crew as well as plenty of behind-the-scenes footage of the premiere's production.
If you missed out on the premiere, you can check out our own Wednesday Lee Friday's review of the episode here.