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The Biblical Research Institute is a website of the Seventh-day Adventist World Church.
Seventh-day Adventists are devoted to helping people understand the Bible to find freedom, healing, and hope in Jesus.
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Adventists And Military Service: Biblical, Historical and Ethical Perspectives
Adventists And Military Service: Biblical, Historical and Ethical Perspectives quantity
The Seventh-day Adventist Church has a long and rich history of being a Church that affirms peace, seeks reconciliation, and has encouraged a noncombatant stance. In a time when wars and war-like conflicts are on the global rise, there is an urgent need to reflect more fully on the role of Christ's followers as conscientious agents of peace and as conscientious objectors to all forms of violence. By candidly looking at the biblical evidence in the Old and New Testament and by learning from Church History and our own history, the authors of this book address various challenges of military service and try to recover the spirit of the early Christian Church and of Jesus Christ on this issue. The book has grown out of an initiative of the Biblical Research Committee (BRC) of what is now the Inter-European-Division (EUD) of the Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA). The authors, who come from Europe, Africa, and North America, reflect the international composition of the SDA Church.
Authors: Frank M. Hasel, Barna Magyarosi, Stefan Höschele
VOL. 3 70 Weeks, Leviticus, Nature of Prophecy
VOL. 2 Symposium on Daniel
VOL. 5 Doctrine of the Sanctuary
Jewelry in the Bible
AdventistBiblicalResearch.org is the official Biblical Research Institute website of the Seventh-day Adventist World Church
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After 34 years of service, the Selma Fire Department will be selling a fire truck.
The 1984 Duplex Fire Truck/Pumper was purchased new by the department at a cost of $136,000. The truck is no longer needed and the department had been planning to sell the truck prior to the purchase of a new ladder truck.
The surplus truck is being advertised for sale on GovDeals.com and will sold to the highest bidder. The auction ends on Sept. 23rd. As of Friday afternoon, the fire truck had a high bid of $1,600.
The Selma Police Department is also selling a surplus 2002 Ford Crown Victoria police car on the website.


How Do The Courts Determine Alimony?
What do the courts take into consideration when determining if alimony and whether or not it is paid?
The first consideration when settling a spouse's alimony obligation would be the ability to pay alimony. The court looks at the spouses gross income and reduces it by subtracting all mandatory deductions to come up with the net income.
In many states, no alimony is awarded if both spouses are able to support themselves. If one spouse was dependent on the other during the duration of the marriage, that spouse is often awarded alimony for a rehabilitative period. This could be a time period lasting anywhere from several months to several years.
If a spouse becomes self – supporting before the end of the court ordered support period the paying spouse can petition for the courts to terminate the alimony. In, however, the spouse is unable to become self – supporting during the allotted time he/she may also petition the courts for an extension of alimony. In some states this can only be done to keep the spouse from going on welfare.
When a court sets alimony, it often considers the standard of living during the marriage and tries to maintain this standard for both spouses where possible. Maintenance of a standard of living is more of a goal when it comes to alimony, than a guarantee.
If a marriage is relatively short and there are no children, the courts often refuse to award alimony. If there are children under school age, however, the courts often award alimony to the spouse who is given physical custody. Most courts feel that a child under school age is better served by having a full time parent at home.
For federal income tax purposes, alimony paid under a written court order is deductible by the spouse who pays and is taxable to the recipient of the alimony. Child support, on the other hand, is tax – free to the recipient and not deductible by the spouse who pays.
At the time of divorce, the court allocates debt incurred during the marriage between the spouses based on who benefits most from the asset that came with the debt. If the court orders a spouse to pay a large portion o the marital debts, it often reduces the amount of alimony that the spouse is ordered to pay.


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Heavy Rain Likely in North Florida from Stalling Front
WUFT 89.1 | By Ray Hawthorne
Published July 23, 2019 at 1:50 PM EDT
Update 1 pm Wednesday: As of 1 pm the cold front extended through southeast Georgia into North Florida near Apalachicola. Highest rainfall totals are still expected along the Nature Coast, just south of the front.
A small pocket of drier air is expected to move in tonight, giving the region a brief break from the wet weather. More rounds of heavy rain are expected during the day on Thursday, especially toward North Central Florida. Widespread cloud cover and rain will limit the chance for severe weather, however localized flooding is a potential threat.
The National Hurricane Center continues to watch a broad area of clouds and showers over the northwest Gulf of Mexico near the frontal boundary. An area of low pressure is expected to form along the boundary with a 20% chance of tropical development in the next five days.
The same front that denied Tropical Depression Three access to South Florida could be a bit of a trouble-maker further north.
The front is expected to stall over the northern Gulf of Mexico, where an an area of low pressure may form along it. This will likely produce multiple rounds of rain - some of it heavy - across portions of the Florida Panhandle and North Florida over the next three days.
Occasionally, a stalled front in July can spur tropical development. The National Hurricane Center says a non-tropical low could form late Wednesday or Thursday along the front, and that it would have a "low chance" of becoming tropical or subtropical this weekend. At this time, reliable global forecast models do not lead us to believe significant tropical development will occur, but residents near the Gulf Coast should be aware that sometimes tropical systems can form in these situations.
While chances are slim that a tropical storm will develop from this weather system, the probability of heavy rain is high regardless. Forecasters at NOAA's Weather Prediction Center say there is even the risk of "excessive rainfall" across the region, where pockets of flash flooding are possible but with uncertainty in the exact location of occurrence. The risk area covers the Jacksonville and Gainesville metropolitan areas and extends to near Tallahassee on the western edge.
Widespread rainfall amounts of 1 to 3 inches are possible in the areas mentioned at risk, with the potential of up to four inches to fall by Friday in a few locations near the Nature coast. Farther west, near cities such as Tallahassee and Panama City, 1 to 2 inches of rain is expected from this system. Similar numbers may also be realized in Central Florida, from Tampa to Orlando.
Southeast and east-central sections of Florida, including the cities of Miami, West Palm and Fort Pierce, are not expected to receive heavy rainfall associated with this system. The typical afternoon scattered thunderstorms may develop, but near-normal amounts of rain are expected in these areas through the weekend.
Meteorologist Megan Borowski contributed to this story.
Copyright 2020 WUFT 89.1. To see more, visit .
Ray Hawthorne

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


When identifying the type of button cell battery you may have, please be sure to differentiate between silver oxide and lithium or alkaline batteries. These batteries are identified by an alphanumeric code. Typically the first letters in the alphanumeric code will identify the type of battery. The first letters (LR) indicates an Alkaline battery and may be thrown in the trash. Batteries with the first letters (CR) indicates a Lithium battery, (SR) indicates a Silver Oxide which contain heavy metals. Batteries that are identified by a letter (P) are rechargeable and contain heavy metals and/or mercury. Button Cell batteries containing heavy metals or mercury can be taken to any household hazardous waste event or check with a local home improvement store for drop off containers to have batteries recycled.


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Deploying Applications on GCP - Compute
Deploying an Application to App Engine
Deploying Applications, Services, and Cloud Functions
Deployment Methods
Deploying Applications and Services on Compute Engine
Deploying Applications and Services on Google Kubernetes Engine
Deploying a Cloud Function
The course is part of these learning paths
Developing for Google Kubernetes Engine
Architecting with Google Kubernetes Engine
Google Professional Cloud DevOps Engineer Exam Preparation
Google Professional Cloud Developer Exam Preparation
Google Cloud Platform for Solution Architects
Google Cloud Platform for Developers
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Modern software systems have become increasingly complex. Cloud platforms have helped tame some of the complexity by providing both managed and unmanaged services. So it's no surprise that companies have shifted workloads to cloud platforms. As cloud platforms continue to grow, knowing when and how to use these services is important for developers.
This course is intended to help prepare individuals seeking to pass the Google Cloud Professional Cloud Developer Certification Exam. The Cloud Developer Certification requires a working knowledge of building cloud-native systems on GCP. That covers a wide variety of topics, from designing distributed systems to debugging apps with Stackdriver.
This course focuses on the third section of the exam overview, more specifically the first five points, which cover deploying applications using GCP compute services.
Implement appropriate deployment strategies based on the target compute environment
Deploy applications and services on Compute Engine and Google Kubernetes Engine
Deploy an application to App Engine
Deploy a Cloud Function
IT professionals who want to become cloud-native developers
IT professionals preparing for Google's Professional Cloud Developer Exam
Software development experience
Docker experience
Kubernetes experience
GCP experience
Hello and welcome. In this lesson, we'll explore some of App Engine's functionality for deployments. In Google exam guide, they list four learning objectives. They list scaling configuration, versions, traffic splitting and blue/green deployments. Now, that's a lot to cover, so let's dive in and talk about scaling configuration. App Engine makes it easy to scale services by allowing us to specify the scaling configuration in the app.yaml file. The scaling configuration is used to determine how many instances were on at a given time. With App Engine, instances are different between standard and flexible environments. Standard instances are lightweight and it makes them start quickly and they run inside of a sandbox which isolates them from other instances. Now, this is a closed system that conceptually kind of seems like a giant, Google-run container orchestration service where each instance is a container of sorts which allows instances to start very quickly. Flexible instances are Docker-based and they run on Compute Engine instances which does have reasonably fast start-up times though it's certainly slower than standard instances.
Now, there are three different scaling methods, one of which only applies to standard environments. Both standard and flexible environments support automatic and manual scaling. Standard environments also have a third option called basic. Let's start with manual scaling because the settings are the exact same for both environments. With manual scaling, you specify how many instances that you want to run and that's it. Autoscaling is the default and it tries to make scaling easier by scaling in response to certain events. This is a case where the differences between environments impact the settings. Standard environments use a custom autoscaling algorithm that can be tuned by adjusting the autoscaling properties. Flexible environments use the compute engine auto scaler though without including all of the scaling metrics. Now, standard environments have a basic scaling option which works well for apps that are infrequently accessed. Picture this as if it was a Cloud Function. Instances are started in response to a request and a shutdown if the instance is idle for a set amount of time which is configurable, though it defaults to five minutes. Okay, to reiterate, scaling config is set in app.yaml so making changes requires deploying an updated app.yaml file. Let's talk about versions next because service versioning is the reason we're able to perform rollbacks as well as traffic splitting and blue/green deployments. Whenever we deploy a change to a service, it's created as a new version while retaining the previous versions. We as engineers get to control which version or versions of a specific service accept traffic. Now, this may not sound like much, however it forms the basis for some really useful functionality.
Let's use the console to demo the rest of the topics for this lesson. I'm going to use the Python 3.7 runtime on the standard environment. The app.yaml file only includes one line which defines the runtime. Since this is the Python runtime, it supports any WSGI compliant frameworks such as Flask and other run times have their own gateway interfaces. This app just shows the text 'Hello World!' and since this project doesn't have an existing app, this is going to be the first version of the default service. Now, running gcloud app deploy from the directory which contains the app.yaml file will deploy the service. Each time you deploy code, App Engine creates a new version of your service and here's our newly created service. By default, App Engine promotes newly-deployed versions of a service which make it the live version. So, we can use the live URL and see that it does show 'Hello World!' Let's create a new version. Let's add V2 to the end of our 'Hello World!' message and deploying that, refreshing the versions page shows that we have a new version on the top of the list and it's serving 100% of the traffic, showcasing that new versions get 100% of the traffic. They're promoted by default. Let's create one more. One more version V3 and we're going to deploy this one with the --no-promote flag so that it gets deployed, we'll be able to access it through its own URL but not on the live URL. And refreshing this, shows you our new version, it's on top of the list and it's not serving any traffic on the live URL. Using the version specific, we can see our V3 message, so let's pause here, let's recap what we've done.
We've created three versions of our service. We deployed the first two with the app deploy and that promoted them to be the active one by default. First one was active. We deployed the second one. It became active. The third one we deployed with no promote and so it's not active but it is deployed allowing us to test it. In App Engine, traffic splitting supports multiple deployment methods because it allows traffic to be divided between different versions. For canary deployments, you could divert a small amount of traffic to a new version and once ready, move to 100% of the traffic being served by that canary. For A/B testing we could set up a 50-50 split between two versions and see which one users prefer and App Engine has three ways that it can split traffic. Splitting is done by either IP address, which takes that IP and turns into a hash. Splitting by cookie requires you to create a cookie in your service, putting the business logic on us, how we actually want to have that traffic split. And finally, random does its best to just divide the traffic up as we've allocated based on these percentages. If we set these to 50%, then we should be able to test the live URL and see version two half the time and roughly half the time see version three and setting version three to 100% will make version three the live version.
Notice the version names here, these are kind of tough to distinguish what's what but they are created by App Engine because we didn't specify them. The -v flag for the gcloud app deploy command allows you to specify the version name of your own. Let's create a fourth version and deploy it so that we can see that using the -v flag, we can set a version and we can see in the console here that this can be easier to work with when we actually can see versions here in the dropdown that are more meaningful. Now, with traffic splitting, you can implement canary deployments, A/B testing, etc. Traffic migration is a little different. Traffic migration is a switch that you can use to cut traffic over between versions. This can support blue/green because we can deploy a version without promoting it. We can then cut over traffic when we're ready. Now the cut over by default happens immediately and it doesn't warm up any instances which means we could see some latency if we have a lot of traffic being served by the current version before the switchover. There is an option that you can enable to warm up instances that you can specify in the app.yaml file that can help to avoid that. All right, that is going to do it for this lesson and thank you so much for watching and I will see you in a future lesson.
Ben Lambert
Ben Lambert is a software engineer and was previously the lead author for DevOps and Microsoft Azure training content at Cloud Academy. His courses and learning paths covered Cloud Ecosystem technologies such as DC/OS, configuration management tools, and containers. As a software engineer, Ben's experience includes building highly available web and mobile apps. When he's not building software, he's hiking, camping, or creating video games.
DeploymentGoogle Cloud PlatformDeployment for Google


Many times in artificial intelligence we deal with large data sets of a large number of features or variables and there is not a clear way to visualize or interpret the relationships between these variables. Principle components analysis (PCA) is a technique for finding a basis set that may represent the data well under some circumstances. PCA finds a set of orthogonal basis vectors which are aligned in the directions of maximum variance, the so called principle components. PCA also ranks the components by importance (i.e. variance).
Principle components analysis assumes that the distributions of the random variables are characterizes by their mean and variance, exponential distributions such as the Gaussian distribution for example. PCA also makes the assumption that the direction of maximum variance is indeed the most "important". This assumption implies that the data has a high signal-to-noise ratio; the variance added by any noise is small in comparison to the variance from the important dynamics of the system.
The principal components are calculated by finding the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the covariance matrix. The covariance matrix is a square matrix which describes the covariance between random variables, where is the covariance between the th and th random variables. The random variables must be in mean deviation form, meaning that the mean has been subtracted so the distribution of the random variable has . The eigenvalues and eigenvectors are usually arranged such that is a diagonal matrix where the value of is the th eignenvalue , and is a matrix where the th column of is the th eigenvector. Note that the covariance matrix may have eigenvalues/eigenvectors, so and are matrices as well. At this point the eigenvectors can be ranked by importance by sorting the eigenvalues in . Since each eigenvector is associated with a particular eigenvalue, the columns of must be rearranged so the th column corresponds to the th eigenvalue.
If the goal is to reduce the dimensionality of the data set (the number of random variables), the principle components which are least important may be discarded. This leaves us with two matrices, where is the number of principal components to keep.
This matrix of eigenvectors represents a linear transform which orients the basis vectors in the directions of maximal variance, while maintaining orthogonality.
A mathematical structure is an association between one set of mathematical objects with another in order to give those objects additional meaning or power. Common mathematical objects include numbers, sets, relations, and functions.
An algebraic structure is defined by a collection of objects and the operations which are allowed to be applied to those objects. A structure may consist of a single set or multiple sets of mathematical objects (e.g. numbers). These sets are closed under a particular operation or operations, meaning that the result of the operation applied to any element of the set is also in the set. Axioms are conditions which the sets and operations must satisfy.
A simple but ubiquitous algebraic structure is the group. A group is a set and a single binary operation, usually denoted , which satisfy the axiom of associativity and contain and identity element and inverse elements. Associativity specifies that the order in which the operations are performed does not matter; that is . The identity element is a special element such that the operation applied to it and another element results in the other element; formally: . Each element of the set must have an inverse element that yields the identity element when the two are combined: . If the axiom of commutativity is added, the group is referred to as an Abelian group. Commutativity allows the operands to be reorganized: . If the requirement of inverse elements is removed from the group structure, the structure is called a monoid.
A group homomorphism is a function which preserves the relationships between the elements of the set, or the group structure. For groups and , is a homomorphism iff . If the map is invertible, i.e. it has an inverse such that , then is said to be an isomorphism. A group endomorphism is a homomorphism from a group onto itself, , while an invertible endomorphism is called a automorphism. A subgroup is a group within a larger group. For a subgroup of a group , and the identity element of is the identity element of .
A ring is an algebraic structure which adds another operations and a few axioms to the group structure. The operations and of a ring satisfy different axioms. The set and the addition operator must form an Abelian group as described above, while the set and the multiplication operator must form a monoid. In addition, the operators must satisfy the axiom of distribution, specifically the operator must be able to distribute over the operator, and . If forms a commutative monoid, that is, a monoid with commutativity, then the ring is said to be a commutative ring.
Similarly to a group, a ring may also have a ring homomorphism if satisfies and . Likewise, is an isomorphism if it has an inverse that satisfies the identity relation described for group isomorphism above. A ring is a subring of a ring if and contains the multiplicative identity from .
An algebraic structure is a field if it satisfies the axioms of a ring with a few addition axioms. Both operators of a field must satisfy commutativity, and the set must contain inverses under both operators, except that the field may not contain a multiplicative inverse for the additive identity element. Another way to describe a field is to say that the additive group is an Abelian group, and the multiplicative group without the additive identity is also an Abelian group. The inclusion of inverses for both operators lead to the intuitive notion of subtraction and division (except division by 0). An example of a well known field is the field of real numbers, .
A metric space is a mathematical structure , where is a binary function which defines the real-valued distance between two elements of the set . A distance is a non-negative quantity, and only equal to zero when the two element are equal. A distance should also satisfy the axiom of symmetry, and the triangle inequality . For example, the real-valued vector space equipped with the Euclidean distance metric yields the Euclidean metric space.
Like any captured signal, photographic images often suffer from the presence of noise. Noise produces variations in the captured signal that do not occur in the natural signal. That is, noise is introduced somewhere in the process of capturing the signal. It is usually viewed as an unwanted corruption of the signal, therefore the modeling and elimination of noise is an important part of signal processing. Noise can occur in a pattern, or be complex enough that it is modeled as a random phenomenon.
Noise can have many difference causes, and therefore manifest itself in many different ways. "Salt and pepper" noise is the term given to noise which causes the value of the signal at a particular point to be a random value. This has the effect of causing random spikes in the captured signal, regardless of the original signal, often called impulse noise. Quantizing the signal may cause noise as it is effectively assigning a particular value to a range of possible values, and therefore modifying the original values in a certain pattern. A common type of noise in amplified signals is Gaussian noise. The noise factor can be thought of as a random variable that follows a normal, or Gaussian, distribution. The noise factor can be added to the pixel value, called additive noise, or multiplied with the pixel value, multiplicative noise. When dealing with a potentially noisy signal it is often sufficient to take Gaussian noise into account to get acceptable results. Gaussian noise occurs in digital imagery as fluctuations in intensity values of the image. The noise is pixel-independent, meaning that the change in a pixel value is independent of the change in any other pixel value. It is also independent of the original intensity at each pixel. Since Gaussian noise is common and relatively simple it is commonly taken into consideration in generalized signal processing methods.
Noise can contribute noticeable artificial components to the image signal. Smoothing or blurring is a type of operation which attempts to eliminate the noise while preserving the structure of the image. The primary way this is accomplished is through the use of neighborhood filters. These are kernels, or matrices, which are convolved with the image in order to achieve some transformation, in this case smoothing.
One issue with the box filter is that its rectangular window produces undesirable effects in the frequency domain. A Gaussian smoothing kernel provides a much better approximation of ideal smoothing. Intuitively the idea is that the neighboring pixels which are closer to the target pixel are weighted more heavily in the average than the pixels farther away. The weight coefficients follow a Gaussian distribution, producing a filter like the one shown in Figure 1. The Gaussian filter is desirable because of its gradual cutoff, producing a Gaussian distribution in the frequency domain as well which delivers smooth monotonically decreasing attenuation of higher frequencies. A Gaussian distribution has infinite width, however, the tails approach zero relatively rapidly so a few standard deviations of width are sufficient for accurate results.
Figure 2 shows a sample image and Figures 3, 4, & 5 show the effects of successively larger Gaussian smoothing kernels.
One fundamental class of operations that can be performed to extract information from a signal is that of derivative operations. Just as derivatives are used in calculus to extract features of a curve or surface, the same ideas can be applied to a signal.
The first problem we have is that of taking the derivative of a discrete-time signal. Discrete-time signals are not continuous and are non-differentiable. However, we do know that if the Nyquist Rate was met when sampling, the continuous-time signal should be reconstructable from the discrete-time signal using the ideal sync. In order to reconstruct the continuous-time signal, the discrete-time signal is convolved with the ideal sync, . So if we want the derivative of the continuous time signal, we can start by taking the derivative of both sides of this equation.
So the derivative of the continuous-time signal is equal to the convolution of the discrete-time signal with the derivative of the ideal sync. If instead the discrete-time signal is convolved with the sampled derivative ideal sync, this will result in a sampled derivative of the continuous-time signal, . The derivative of the ideal sync is shown in Figure 1. The major problem with this approach is that the derivative of the ideal sync is infinite and does not fall off rapidly.
Designing filters to approximate the discrete-time derivative of the ideal sync are beyond the scope of this article, but several popular techniques will be described later.
The 2-dimensional ideal sync is said to be separable since it can be separated into its 1-dimensional components, . Again, these continuous-time derivatives of the ideal sync must be sampled. The horizontal and vertical derivative filters are denoted and , respectively.
The most basic approach to approximating is to use a version of the difference operator, that is, a sum of scaled differences of the samples, such as . This is accomplished by convolving with and amounts to an approximation of the derivative. Figure 2 shows an example of a row of pixel values from an image, while Figure 3 shows the derivative approximation of the pixel values and Figure 4 shows the second derivative. The locations where the intensity values change the most rapidly are represented by local peaks in the first derivative and zero-crossings in the second derivative. Note that taking the derivative extends the range of intensity values to allow negative values.
The gradient is a vector field where the direction of the vector at each point represents the direction of maximum change, while the magnitude of the vector represents the amount of change. As with other vectors, the magnitude can be calculated as , and the direction as . Given filters in the x and y directions, we can also construct a filter for an arbitrary direction, . Figure 4 shows a sample image and Figures 5 & 6 show the partial derivatives with respect to x and y respectively.
Figure 7 shows both the magnitude and the direction of the gradient of the sample image using the colormap in Figure 8. The partial derivative with respect to any direction, not just horizontal and vertical, can be calculated by multiplying a vector with the gradient, .
Where is the partial derivative of with respect to , i.e. the second derivative. To calculate the second derivative with respect to two vectors we can use the Hessian: .
Basic image enhancement techniques allow us to manipulate an image to increase or decrease contrast and brightness. These techniques usually take the form of point-wise operations, meaning they act independently on each pixel of the image. An image is represented as a function mapping a pixel in 2-dimensional space to an intensity value, . The quantization method used when capturing the signal will determine the range of possible intensity values and their numeric representation, but will we assume that intensity values lie in the range [0,1]. Some types of images, such as color images, have more than one intensity spectrum or image plane, these are typically denoted as separate functions, such as , , and . Point-wise image operations can be performed using a transfer function that maps one set of intensity values to another set of intensity values, . This function can also be implemented as a lookup table, or LUT, when it is convenient.
Linear functions are the most simple, although they typically involve undesirable clamping effects. To adjust the brightness of an image uniformly increase or decrease the intensities. The green line in Figure 1 represents an increase in brightness, while the blue line is a decrease. The dashed line is called the direct mapping, where the input of the function is directly mapped to the output, these are the original values. You can see that in order to keep intensity values within the [0, 1] range the higher end needs to be clamped when you increase brightness, and the lower end clamped when decreasing brightness. This has the effect of mapping multiple intensity values to the same value discarding information and creating and "washed out" look in the image.
Increasing or decreasing contrast can be accomplished by increasing or decreasing the slope of the transfer function. A slope of 0 turns the function into a horizontal line which maps all intensity values to the same value. A slope of creates a vertical line which maps the intensity values to just 2 values. This is called segmenting the image and the point at which the line crosses the -axis is called the threshold. All intensity values below the threshold are mapped to a certain intensity, while all the intensities values above the threshold are mapped to another. This creates a binary image with only two intensity values.
Linear operations can be combined to adjust brightness and contrast with the same transfer function. We can also decrease the amount of quantization using a step function. A step function with only two steps behaves the same as the thresholding technique described above creating a binary image.
Non-linear functions are also useful for adjusting images. We may want to adjust the middle part of the transfer function but keep the endpoints at and . Gamma correction is a non-linear transfer function which affects the middle of the curve more than the endpoints. Note that the curve does not affect both sides of the gray-level symmetrically.
The term stochastic describes a system which has some element of randomness, and is therefore non-deterministic. A stochastic process is a process in which the transitions from one state to another may include some measure of uncertainty. Since there may be some uncertainty regarding state of the process at any given time it is natural to represent the state as a random variable. A stochastic process is modeled as a sequence of random variables representing the state indexed by a time variable, or .
The probability of being in state at time is conditional only on the state at time and not on the previous states . Strictly speaking this is a first order Markov chain. The state at time of a chain of order, or memory, depends on the previous states. Figure 1 shows an example of a Markov chain.
We can define a variable to be the probability that the process transitions from state to state at time . This is called a single step transition probability. This idea can be extended to an n-step transition probability , that is, the probability that the process transitions from state to state in steps. The probability that the process in any particular state at time is given by the weighted sum of the transition probabilities for all states that the process could have been in at time . It can also be calculated as the sum of the -step transition probabilities starting at a time .
Since the probabilities of events in a sample space must sum to 1, we say that a vector who's elements are non-negative real numbers and sum to 1 is a stochastic vector. Likewise a stochastic matrix may be defined depending on the meanings of the rows and columns. The usual meaning, and the one we will use here, is that each row of the matrix is a stochastic vector, called a right stochastic matrix. Given the transition probabilities from state to state it is natural to arrange these probabilities in a stochastic matrix. This matrix is called the transition matrix, , such that as defined above. The probability of transitioning from state to in steps is . For completeness the transition matrix , that is, when the transition matrix is the identity matrix.
The random variable representing the state of the process at time can be manipulated as a stochastic vector, where element is the probability that the process is in state . The initial state of the system can be given as a stochastic vector .
A state is said to be accessible from state , () if for some . If and then and are said to communicate (). A set of states which all communicate with each other and communicate with no other states forms an equivalence class called a communicating class. Furthermore, a communicating class can be closed if the probability of leaving the class is zero, . If the entire state space of a Markov chain is a communicating class than the chain is said to be irreducible. The graph of an irreducible Markov chain is a connected graph.
Cycles within the graph of the Markov chain lead to a notion of periodicity. A state has a period of if and is always a multiple of , that is, is the greatest common divisor of all possible . If then the state is called aperiodic. A Markov chain itself is said to be aperiodic if every state in the chain is aperiodic. If there is a non-zero probability of never returning to state from state then the state is said to be transient. A non-transient state is called recurrent or persistent.
The term signal processing refers the manipulation of a signal or varying quantity. A signal is often a sequence of measurements taken by some sensor. The quantities may vary over time or space, or both. We represent a 1-dimensional signal as a continuous function, usually denoted . However, in digital signal processing we often want to deal with discrete-time signals, where the the signal function takes on values at discrete time steps. This is typically denoted where is the sample period, that is, the time between samples. A discrete-time system transforms a discrete-time signal onto a new unique discrete-time signal. We will represent this transformation with the operator such that .
The output of linear time-invariant system can be fully characterized by a function of the input, called the impulse response. This is useful because the output of a system can be derived by simply convolving the input with the impulse response. This will be discussed in detail later in this post.
A discrete-time signal can be fully represented as a sum of scaled and shifted unit impulses. The unit impulse is a function representing the Kronecker Delta , shown in Figure 1. In general, a function can be represented as . The unit impulse will only be 1 when and will be scaled by .
Often we know the input to the system and we wish to create an output with desired characteristics. In this case we wish the impulse response to act as a filter. Since the system is fully characterized by the impulse response, by expressing how we wish the system to respond to an impulse we can define how the whole system will respond to input in general.


After our canal tour, we rested for a bit at our hotel. We ended up walking down along the river to a small touristy attraction called Asiatique, where there was a ferris wheel, shopping and food.
We were so hungry at this point, we basically were getting cranky. We stopped at this place called the Dishes and the parents said it sounded good. In we went. We ordered a soup and pineapple fried rice.
We walked around the outdoor and indoor stalls and explored what they had to offer. We wanted something sweet to finish off our dinner, so we stopped by a dessert place, where I got a coconut popsicle and Annie got the mango dipped in chocolate with almonds. The parents got a strawberry toast.
On our way walking back out to the street, we saw this amazing wall of locks, very similar to ones hanging on the Pont des Arms in Paris. We walked all the way around and it was very charming.
Our second official day in Thailand dawned bright and early thanks again to jetlag. I was up at 4:30 and really really needed a cup of coffee. I got dressed and Annie and I went downstairs to check out this buffet that we heard about from one of Annie's friends. It was pretty tasty. So tasty in fact that we ate there again today. But after eating the buffet and feeling very full, we decided to lounge by the pool for a little bit.
Armed with sunglasses and sunscreen we made our way to the 6th floor, where there's a lovely view of the river as you sit poolside (see below photo from our balcony). Both Annie and I blogged and then popped into the pool to cool down. It's been around 85 with full humidity and only an occasional wind, which was stronger by the pool, less so in the city.
From there we stopped by the hotel cafe to fuel up on quiches and tea before walking to a Thai massage place. Despite the unique name, it was a good place.
Annie and I walked back to our hotel where we freshened up for an evening out. We called an Uber for all four of us and off we went to Nahm, which is in the Como Metropolitan Hotel a few miles from our hotel. Nahm had recently been named the 5th out of the 50 best restaurants in all of Asia by the S. Pelligrino.
Annie and I ordered six dishes for the table, and man was it good! The flavors were great, and there was only one dish that was on the spicier side. We all agreed that the pumpkin curry was the best dish there.
We ordered dessert, one I was familiar with (mango and sticky rice!) and one new one with corn, rice, mangosteen and coconut cream. Our service was great, and the whole restaurant was very modern and elegant.
As we arrived and still as we left it was raining hard. We were lucky enough to have covered entrances or else we would have been soaked! We all were pretty tired at this point so we called it a night and went to bed.
Last summer Annie and I were discussing travel and we decided to plan a trip to Thailand. She is a great travel buddy for me, and luckily enough with both our teacher schedules we have a large block of summer off. We researched flights, hotels and restaurants, and finally in July of last summer we booked flights. The trip was officially on! A few days later she texted me and told me that her parents wanted to join us on the trip. I love her parents, so that was an easy yes!
Annie researched hotels, restaurants and I looked into various activities. She had been to Thailand twice before, so she has some recommendations. She was planning to travel with her husband to Japan before our Thailand trip, so we ended up booking her parents on my flight, and I am so glad we did. It was nice to have a friendly face to sit next to, and to double check all the flight details with!
So flights were pretty tricky. Most of the ones we looked at took off in the morning from the US, and landed in Asia somewhere in the evening, with a layover until the next morning for the second leg. After a few hours of looking, we found a flight that left super late from SFO, and a short layover in HongKong, and finally landing in the evening in Bangkok. That was the winner for us. We flew with Singapore Airlines, which was a great experience. We checked into SFO around 9:30pm on Saturday for a 1:15am flight ( i didn't know they even flew that late!).
The flight was long (14.5 hours!!) but great. The food was tasty and there were so many choices! They had a bunch of great in-flight movies and entertainment, but for the first 6 or so hours I slept. We had a quick layover in HongKong where we got Starbucks and freshened up. I felt like a new person with freshly brushed teeth and hair and a clean shirt. We had a much shorter flight (4hrs) to Singapore where we had our longer layover (4 hours). It was middle of the day when we arrived, so we decided to get some steps in at the airport and explore. I was blown away by how many shops, interactive displays and interesting decorations the Singapore Airport had.
Singapore Airport had 3 terminals: one that had a butterfly garden, one with a magnetic sand exhibit, and one that had these orchid/koi pond gardens. There was lush flowers everywhere! We ended up grabbing some food just before boarding.
We landed in Bangkok around 4ish. We picked up our luggage and met the driver from our hotel. It was rush hour traffic on a work day (Monday) so it took about an hour to get to Chatrium Hotel.
It was beautiful evening when we arrived, as we looked out over the balcony into the city lights. We were finally here!
Have you ever been to Asia or Thailand before?


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The premier supplier of tough wearing jackets for the U.S. military; Alpha Industries' have over 50 years of quality manufacturing expertise and unrivalled heritage under their belts. Known for their flight and field jackets, fishtail parkas and leather bomber jackets, Alpha Industries' retain their authentic signature style with unsurpassed performance characteristics.
Body: 100% Nylon, Body Lining: 100% Nylon.


text:
Carl Grüneisen, född den 17 januari 1802 i Stuttgart, död där den 26 februari 1878, var en tysk teolog, skald och konsthistoriker.

Källor

Tyska evangelisk-lutherska präster
Tyska teologer
Lutherska teologer
Personer i Tyskland under 1800-talet
Personer från Stuttgart
Födda 1802
Avlidna 1878
Män

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Driv Inkubator offers entrepreneurs in the start-up phase assistance in developing their ideas to sustainable businesses. The incubator focuses on innovative ideas, in particular within the health sector, with growth potential on the national or international market. Driv offers competence in business development, network and office areas together with other small businesses.
– Assisted in establishing and setting up the incubator.
– Development of incubator framework, guidelines, services for start ups, HR and procedures, strategy and business development.
Solving health issues, commercialization of ideas in the health sector. Creating new jobs.


text:
Manufacturers work to attract youthful hires
By Karen Caffarini
With the proclamation that they provide "incredible jobs" on the screen, members of a workforce panel discuss working in manufacturing in the region Friday during the Northwest Indiana Manufacturing Summit. (Karen Caffarini / Post-Tribune)
Manufacturing supports 40 percent of the jobs in Northwest Indiana and generates about $100 billion in economic output in the state, but convincing students to consider the industry as a career goal has been difficult, speakers at the Northwest Indiana Manufacturing Summit said Friday.
The summit, which showcases local workforce and innovation, was held at Alcoa Howmet in LaPorte.
"Machining is in high demand yet it's the hardest to recruit students to," said Jon Groth, with Porter County Career & Technical Education.
Groth said there are about 40 students enrolled in his manufacturing program, but he needs at least 80 to 120 students to satisfy the needs of area manufacturers.
Some speakers said there is still a misconception that manufacturing facilities are dirty and unsafe. Others pointed to parents and high school programs, both of which, some said, steer children into four-year colleges rather than vocational programs.
"Parents need to open their children's eyes to different career paths. Don't push them, but guide them," said Bradley Atwood, who is employed at CustomCrimp in Valparaiso.
Alexa Rodriguez, a graduate of Griffith High School who works at Alcoa, said manufacturing is much safer and cleaner than in the past. She also finds it interesting.
"I'm still amazed that we take raw materials and they end up in engines and in the sky," Rodriguez said.
Atwood said he's been working at CustomCrimp for almost two years. Not only is the facility clean; he has suffered no more than a cut, which he said was his own fault.
Keith Harpenau, with Rockwell Automation, said robotics have helped to increase safety at manufacturing firms, but added they will never replace humans.
Bill Schott, with Urschel Manufacturing in Chesterton, said automation allows the company to do more with less, but it also creates the need for another engineer and research and development person, both of which net higher salaries.
Steel, long the manufacturing giant in Northwest Indiana, is still strong in the region, said R. D. Parpartt II, team leader for the Steelworker for the Future program at ArcelorMittal.
Parpartt said the industry is working on unfair trade issues with China and other countries, but steel is "here to stay" in Indiana. He said the companies are in need of quality employees.
Heather Ennis, president and CEO of the Northwest Indiana Forum, said it's critical to keep manufacturing growing to maintain a robust economy in the region.
"Local manufacturers are saying they need people. Driving that talent is critical," Ennis said.
Karen Caffarini is a freelance reporter for the Post-Tribune.
Latest Post-Tribune


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Free Picks » College Basketball Picks » California vs. Syracuse Picks and NCAA Tournament Betting Odds
California vs. Syracuse Picks and NCAA Tournament Betting Odds
by Robert Ferringo - 3/23/2013
East meets west on Saturday when Syracuse and California meet up in the third round of the NCAA Tournament. These two potential sleepers face off at 9:30 p.m. EST on Saturday for the right to advance to the Sweet 16. The game will be played in San Jose, although it is part of the East Region on the bracket.
Here is a breakdown of this weekend's top matchup:
California vs. Syracuse Betting Story Lines
Syracuse was one of the most impressive teams in the tournament in its 47-point demolition of Montana on Thursday night. The Orange, the No. 4 seed, entered The Big Dance with as many questions and as much uncertainty as any squad in the country after a collapse in the Big East title game and subsequent announcement of a pending NCAA investigation. But they answered the bell and delivered a stunning 81-34 knockout of the Grizzlies.
No. 12 California sprung an upset on UNLV Thursday evening, winning 64-61 in a tight, hard-fought contest. The Golden Bears were a dangerous team in the extraordinarily underrated Pac-12 this year, and they are hoping to ride somewhat of a home court advantage into the next round.
Cal boasts one of the best backcourts in the country. Allen Crabbe is an all-American and sets the pace with 18.7 points per game. Extremely underrated point guard Justin Cobbs is not far off, generating 15.4 points and 4.8 assists per outing.
However, the Golden Bears are weak on the interior. No. 3 scorer Richard Solomon is capable at the power spot. But Cal only plays three guys taller than 6-6 and none, beyond Solomon, are all that capable.
Syracuse is one of the largest, most athletic teams in the country. A crop of rangy, explosive players bolsters their vaunted 2-3 zone. They all range between 6-4 and 6-10. SU is No. 2 in the nation in average height and No. 31 in effective height.
The Orange aren't just big, they are also skilled. Senior Brandon Triche and sophomore Michael Carter-Williams set the pace in the backcourt. They average 13.9 and 11.8 points per game, respectively, to go along with 11.2 combined assists.
This is a duo with enormous potential. But they are streaky, and turnover prone, and as they go so go the Orange. Triche has been known to disappear in big moments in this career. And while Carter-Williams is a future pro, he is still pretty raw and has no idea how to control or finish out a game of this magnitude.
C.J. Fair (14.4) and James Southerland (13.7) give the Orange two other double-digit scorers.
This game will be determined by Cal's ability (or inability) to solve the Syracuse zone. There are a lot of teams in the nation that play the 2-3 zone, but no one plays it quite like the Orange. Cal is just No. 299 in the nation in three-point shooting, and they need force Syracuse turnovers in order to score easy baskets.
The problem for Cal is that the Orange would love to play a fast-paced game. They want to get out and run and let their athletes loose. Syracuse doesn't perform well in structured half-court offense – which is a weakness – and would rather try to strong arm opponents by winning one-on-one battles.
California also has somewhat of a home-court advantage. San Jose is just 45 miles down the road for Berkley, and there should be a strong pro-Cal contingent in the crowd on Saturday.
California vs. Syracuse NCAA Tournament Betting Odds and Key Trends
Syracuse opened as an eight-point favorite. The line has moved to 7.5 at some books despite the majority of the overall bets coming in on the Orange. The total is set at 124.5.
California is 5-0 ATS in their last five games against a team with a winning record and they are 22-8-1 ATS in their last 31 Saturday games. However, they are just 2-5 ATS in their last seven NCAA Tournament games and just 2-6 ATS in their last eight against the Big East. The Golden Bears are also just 1-5 ATS in their last five nonconference games.
Syracuse is 8-2 ATS in its last 10 nonconference games. They have also been solid after a blowout, going 7-3 ATS in their last 10 games following a win of 20 or more points. The Orange have also been exceptional in the Round of 32, going 5-1 ATS in their last six "second round" games.
California vs. Syracuse Picks and NCAA Tournament Betting Predictions
This game could be much closer than the spread suggests. March is all about guard play, and Cal has one of the three or four best backcourts in the country. Cobbs and Crabbe are going to get their shots, and they are going to find their points. I expect them to outplay Triche and Carter-Williams, and that should keep the Bears competitive.
Syracuse doesn't generate much offense in the paint, so they aren't well equipped to take advantage of the Golden Bears' weakness of post defense. I do think that Syracuse will dominate the glass. And, although teams always think they are just facing another 2-3 zone, it always takes unfamiliar opponents awhile to get used to the Orange defense. Syracuse has too much size and experience.
The value seems to lie with the points, the best player on the floor, and the team playing closer to home. But I also don't see Syracuse losing this game, and as a general rule you usually don't want to bet on an underdog in an NCAA Tournament game unless you think they can advance. The Orange have dominated second round opponents over the past decade, including a James Harden-led Arizona State team out of the Pac-12 back in 2009, and they have the talent of a Final Four team.
The Syracuse offense has been hot. And I think Cal's guards are going to combine for 40 or more points by themselves. I can see this game sneaking "over" the posted total, and that may be the play here.
Robert Ferringo keeps proving himself to be one of the best college basketball handicappers in the nation. His college basketball picks have earned $100 bettors over $16,000 in the last two seasons. Another strong card is coming today and you can get his pick HERE for only $30.
Read more articles by Robert Ferringo
Get all of this Weeks Free College Basketball Picks
Get all of this Weeks Expert College Basketball Picks


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Home Travel Check Out Bolton's Weather Averages Before You Go
Check Out Bolton's Weather Averages Before You Go
The winters in Bolton are long, very cold, wet, windy, and usually cloudy, while the summers are cool and partly cloudy. The annual average temperature is around 36 degrees and rarely drops below 27 degrees or rises over 76 degrees.
According to the tourist score, most warm-weather activities in Bolton occur from late June through August. Below we have mentioned some of Bolton's average weather details to know before you visit:
Bolton Typical Temperature
From June 3 to September 11, when average daily highs are above 62°F, The Bolton weather experience a warm season. In Bolton, July is the hottest month, with highs of 66 degrees and lows of 55. For a full four months, from November 19 to March 17, the average high temperature is below 48 degrees Fahrenheit; this is the cool season. The average high for January is 44 degrees Fahrenheit, while the average low is 36 degrees.
The average fraction of the sky covered by clouds in Bolton varies significantly throughout the year due to the changing seasons. From about April 24 until about October 3, Bolton enjoys 5.3 months of relatively clear skies.
In Bolton, the percentage of days with clear, mostly clear, or partly overcast skies is highest (53%) in July. From October 3 through April 24 (about 6.7 months), the sky is more likely to be overcast than clear. During December, the atmosphere in Bolton is overcast or mostly cloudy 71% of the time, making it the cloudiest month of the year.
Days with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation are considered wet. Bolton sees a range of precipitation probabilities throughout the year. There is a greater than 35% probability of rain on any given day during the wetter season, which lasts for 4.4 months from September 21 to February 4. It rains at least 0.04 inches on 12.3 days on average in Bolton during November. The dry season lasts for around seven and a half months, from February 4 to September 21. April, with an average of 8.6 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation, is the month with the fewest wet days in Bolton.
The precipitation accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered on each day of the year is displayed to highlight seasonal variance within the months instead of the monthly totals. The average monthly precipitation in Bolton varies somewhat with the seasons. It rains rather consistently in Bolton throughout the year. With an average of 2.9 inches, November is Bolton's wettest month. As far as rainfall is concerned, April is the driest month in Bolton, with an average of only 1.6 inches.
In Bolton, the length of the day changes significantly from season to season. The shortest day of the year is on December 21, with 7 hours and 27 minutes of daylight, while the longest day will be on June 21, with 17 hours and 3 minutes of daylight.
Because it is the dew point that affects whether or not sweat evaporates from the skin, cooling the body is the determining factor in the humidity comfort level. When the dew point is low, it feels dry, and when it's high, it feels muggy. However, while the temperature may decrease at night, a humid day is usually followed by a muggy night because the dew point tends to change more slowly than the temperature does.
A discussion of the hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground is presented here. Instantaneous wind speed and direction change more than hourly averages because they depend on topography and other local factors.
Throughout the year, there are noticeable shifts in Bolton's average hourly wind speed. From October 13 to March 31, when average wind speeds exceed 11.8 mph, the windier phase of the year lasts for 5.6 months. January is Bolton's windiest month, with an average hourly wind speed of 13.8 miles per hour. This more tranquil time of year begins on March 31 and continues for another 6.4 months until October 13. July has Bolton's lowest average hourly wind speed of the year, with about 10.0 miles per hour.
Bolton is situated next to a sizable waterway (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). What follows is a report on that water's regional average surface temperature. As the season change, so does the average water temperature.
Warmer water is available for three months, from June 25 to September 30, with an average temperature above 58 degrees Fahrenheit. In Bolton, the average water temperature is 62 degrees Fahrenheit in August. From December 27 to April 11, the water is cooler than average, with a temperature below 46 degrees Fahrenheit for almost three and a half months. At an average of 42 degrees Fahrenheit, the water in Bolton is at its coolest in February.
The tourism score prefers clear, rain-free days with perceived temperatures between 65 and 80. By this metric, the greatest time to enjoy Bolton's many outdoor attractions is between the last week of June and the first week of August, with the third week of July being the best overall. Conditions ideal for enjoying the beach or pool include no chance of precipitation and temperatures between 75-90 degrees Fahrenheit. A high score in the third week of July indicates that now is the best time to visit Bolton for warm-weather pursuits.
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Tag Archives: Paterson's curse
Echium plantagineum L.: Paterson's curse
April 7, 2015 Dean Kelch
Lamiales: Boraginaceae
Pest Rating: A | Proposed Seed Rating: P
This plant has been detected spreading in Sonoma County, California.
Paterson's curse is a softly hairy, winter annual that produces a branched inflorescence of the "fiddleneck" type. The showy, bell-shaped flowers are usually purple but also blue or pink with 2 of the 4 stamens emerging from the corolla tube. Each flower produces 4 small nutlets. Paterson's curse is an attractive plant and has been included in "wildflower" mixes on occasion. In Australia it has served as a rangeland plant in dry areas, but its use for livestock is risky (see below). Because of its toxicity to livestock, Paterson's curse has been listed as a noxious weed by the state of Oregon.
Official Control: Paterson's curse has never been seen as a potential problem in California, as it has not been detected as spreading from introduction sites until now. It has never been subject to official control.
California Distribution: Paterson's curse is reported from San Diego, Marin (historic) and Sonoma Counties
California Interceptions: Vouchered specimens are known from San Diego and Marin Counties.
United States: Paterson's curse is known also from a limited area of Oregon
International: Paterson's curse is native to the western Mediterranean. It is reported as naturalized and a serious environmental and rangeland weed in Australia, Eastern Europe, the Near East, and Southern South America. It is occasional in New Zealand.
The risk Paterson's curse would pose to California is evaluated below.
1) Climate/Host Interaction: The plant has adapted to a wide area in its native range and is highly invasive in areas of Australia ecologically similar to California. Therefore Paterson's curse receives a High (3) in this category.
Evaluate if the pest would have suitable hosts and climate to establish in California. Score:
2) Host Range: Risk is High (3) as weeds do not require any one host, but grow wherever ecological conditions are favorable.
Evaluate the host range of the pest. Score:
3) Pest Dispersal Potential: Paterson's curse produces via numerous seeds and spreads rather slowly. The seed bank is moderately persistent. Once established, Paterson's curse is hard to eradicate. Paterson's curse receives a Medium (2) in this category.
Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Score:
4) Economic Impact: Young growth is readily eaten and provides considerable sustenance to stock, whilst older growth is rough and hairy and generally avoided by stock. The hairiness can cause slavering, dermatitis, inflammation and itching to animals and man. Paterson's curse contains toxins that cause cumulative chronic liver damage and animal mortality, especially if substantial amounts of herbage are eaten over prolonged periods. Horses are the most susceptible of common livestock. Paterson's curse is considered the primary cause of pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in horses in Australia and toxicity in cattle in Brazil. Paterson's curse is also the major cause of sheep deaths from primary pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in New South Wales. Paterson's curse replaces superior range species and can significantly reduce row crop production under certain regimes (e.g., no till cultivation). Paterson's curse receives a High (3) in this category.
Evaluate the economic impact of the pest to California using the criteria below. Score:
5) Environmental Impact: Paterson's curse is likely to trigger new chemical treatments by ranchers and land managers. The plant can dominate grasslands and roadsides, excluding native plants and lowering biodiversity. Rare taxa that might be affected include grassland species such as showy Indian clover (Trifolium amoenum) and CA filaree (California macrophylla), vernal pool species such as Burke's goldfields (Lasthenia burkei) and CA tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense), and grazers such as tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes). The plant can disrupt natural communities. Paterson's curse receives a High (3) in this category.
Consequences of Introduction to California for Paterson's curse: High (14)
6) Post Entry Distribution and Survey Information: Paterson's curse has been found in in 2-3 counties in California, but may still be eradicated. It receives a Low (-1) in this category.
Evaluate the known distribution in California. Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered. Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included.
The final score is the consequences of introduction score minus the post entry distribution and survey information score: High (13)
Paterson's curse has been in California a long time, but has not spread widely. Its behavior in Australia and the site in Sonoma suggest that it is just beginning its spread here in California.
A very bad weed. Deserves an A rating as known populations are limited. Chances of state eradication are high.
Baldwin, B. G., D. H. Goldman, D. J. Keil, R. Patterson, T. J. Rosatti, and D. H. Wilken, editors. 2012. The Jepson manual: vascular plants of California, second edition. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Consortium of California Herbaria (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/).
Culvenor C. C. J., M. V. Jago, J. E. Peterson, L. W. Smith, A. L. Payne, D. G. Campbell, J. A. Edgar & J. L. Frahn. 1984. Toxicity of Echium plantagineum (Paterson's Curse). 1. Marginal toxic effects in Merino wethers from long-term feeding. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 35: 293-304.
Culvenor C. C. J, 1956. The alkaloids of Echium plantagineum L. I. Echiumine and Echimidine. Australian Journal of Chemistry 9: 512-520.
Dellow J.J., & J. T. Seaman. 1985. Distribution of Echium plantagineum L. and its association with pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in horses in New South Wales. Plant Protection Quarterly 1: 79-83.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 16+ vols. New York and Oxford.
Invasive Species Compendium. Echium plantagineum. Accessed 2/10/2015: http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/20400
Kozuharov, S. . 1972. Echium in Flora Europaea Vol. 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae. T. G. Tutin, V. H. Heywood, N. A. Burges, D. H. Valentine, S. M. Walters & D. A. Webb, eds. Cambridge University Press. United Kingdom.
Seaman JT, 1987. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning of sheep in New South Wales. Australian Veterinary Journal, 64: 164-167.
Schild A. L., A. C. Motta, C. F. Riet Correa, F. C. Karam & F. B. Grecco. 2004. Photosensitization in cattle in Southern Brazil. In: Acamovic T, Stewart CS, Pennycott TW, eds. Poisonous Plants and Related Toxins. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing: 62-166.
Dean G. Kelch, Primary Botanist; California Department of Food and Agriculture; 1220 N Street, Sacramento, CA 95814; Tel. (916) 654-0312; plant.health[@]cdfa.ca.gov.
BoraginaceaeEchium plantagineum L.LamialesPaterson's curseweeds


A homeowners association is an organized group of citizens in a community that work collaboratively to protect the interests of property owners within the association community. Typically led by paid or volunteer representatives or an elected board, a homeowners association may participate in restricting community growth, monitoring development, observing traffic issues and preventing non-environmentally friendly activity.
The main responsibility of a president in any organization is to preside over meetings of the executive team or board. This duty is listed first in the Doc Stoc generic "HOA President Job Description" template. Along with leading and directing the actual general meetings of the board, you must prepare the agenda and distribute it to board members and other necessary parties. As part of agenda preparation, you are responsible for communicating with other board members about topics of discussion. You must also field requests from interested community association residents with a concern or interest who would like to appear before the board.
A homeowners association often has a treasurer who is responsible for collecting any dues or fines from association members, managing association finances and making payments on any approved association expenditures. As president, you usually have authority and oversight over the financial management of the association's budget. Actual financial responsibilities and budget vary by association. In the Doc Stoc template, it is indicated that the president assumes responsibility for financial matters in lieu of the absence of the treasurer. This includes check signing, invoices and more. Associations may also require presidential signature on checks of a certain amount. Presidents may be in charge of a discretionary budget for use in conducting association business or making payments that do not need board approval.
In his Q&A article "What Are My Duties As President Of A Homeowner's Association?" published on the Lawyers website, Thomas Pedreira indicates that homeowners association presidents are also responsible for any required or pertinent communication with association members. This includes distribution of board meeting announcements and minutes as required. Pedreira points out that in order to be effective as a board president, you must be consistent in your handling of homeowner matters. You cannot play favorites with friends or family, and any decision that you are not comfortable communicating to community members as required should be carefully examined.


text:
Dr Alexander Incani
Dr Brendan Bell
Dr Matthew Pincus
Dr Russell Denman
Dr Christopher Raffel
Dr Harendra Wijesekera
Dr Reny Suryani
Dr Mahala Hudaverdi
Dr Himabindu Samardhi
Dr Yee Weng Wong
Dr Yohan Chacko
Dr Shruti Rateesh
Patient Procedures
Patient Tests
Dr Christopher Raffel is a clinical and interventional cardiologist with a special interest in coronary, structural and valvular heart disease interventions.
Dr Raffel graduated from the Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences of the University of Auckland, completing advanced training in Cardiology at Green Lane Hospital, Auckland and obtaining his FRACP in August 2003. Following this he worked, under Prof. Harvey White, with the Cardiovascular Research Unit in Auckland until June 2005. In addition to performing investigator initiated research projects which revolved around the use of novel biomarkers in patients with valvular heart disease, he ran the acute coronary trials at Green Lane & subsequently Auckland City Hospitals. From 2005 to 2008, Chris took up an appointment as a clinical and research fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School. During this period he undertook interventional training in complex coronary, structural and valvular heart disease.
His primary research focus during this period was on the development and use of intravascular optical coherence tomography systems for the imaging of coronary arteries. In July 2007, in addition to his clinical duties in the catheterization laboratory, Chris took up the position of Director of Operations of the Cardiology Laboratory for Integrative Physiology and Imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital. During this time he was involved in the development, and animal testing, of the second generation optical coherence tomography imaging systems. Since 2009 he has worked as an interventional cardiologist in the Cardiology Program at The Prince Charles Hospital in Brisbane.
Chris is also in private practice with CardioVascular Clinics at St Andrew's War Memorial Hospital Brisbane and St Stephen's Private Hospital Hervey Bay. He maintains an active academic career both in the context of research programs and supervising research higher degree PhD and MPhil students
Available for appointments at: St Andrew's – Spring Hill, North Lakes, Hervey Bay.
See locations on map
Dr Weng Wong is Presenting at Queensland Heart Meeting
How to fix a broken heart
Heart health and treatment options for older patients
Heart disease claims many lives of Australian women
CardioVascular Clinics has been established to provide comprehensive quaternary cardiac care by a highly experienced team of Cardiologists.
PO Box 192 Spring Hill Q 4004
Operating Hours - 9am-430pm


text:
Louise Laroche, née le  à Villejuif où elle est morte le , est l'une des dernières rescapées du naufrage du Titanic à être morte. Sa sœur, son père et elle sont célèbres pour avoir été les seules personnes noires à bord du paquebot. Elle est en effet née en France de l'union d'un Haïtien et d'une Française. En 1912, la famille décide de quitter le pays pour rejoindre Haïti afin de fuir les discriminations dont est victime le père.

Ils prennent en avril un billet de deuxième classe à bord du Titanic. Le , le navire heurte un iceberg et sombre. Si Louise, sa mère et sa sœur survivent, ce n'est pas le cas de Joseph Laroche qui disparaît avec le navire.

La vie de Louise Laroche après le naufrage est peu connue. Elle ne s'est jamais mariée. Elle a en revanche pris part à un certain nombre de manifestations en rapport avec le Titanic dans les dernières années de sa vie, aux côtés d'autres survivants comme Millvina Dean. La Titanic Historical Society a également mené une étude à son sujet.

Biographie

Naissance et contexte familial

Louise Laroche naît à Paris le . Elle est la fille de Joseph Philippe Lemercier Laroche et de son épouse Juliette Lafargue, et a une sœur d'un an son aînée, Simonne Marie Anne Andrée Laroche.

Joseph Laroche, né à Haïti en 1886, avait quitté l'île à l'âge de 15 ans pour étudier l'ingénierie à Beauvais, en France. Lors d'un voyage à Villejuif avec son mentor Monseigneur Kersuzan, il rencontre Juliette Lafargue, fille  d'un négociant en vins veuf. Les deux jeunes gens se marient en 1908 avec la bénédiction du père, malgré les discriminations très fortes à l'encontre des personnes de couleur. Bien qu'il soit diplômé en ingénierie, et qu'il soit, de surcroît, le neveu du futur président haïtien Cincinnatus Leconte, Joseph Laroche souffre des discriminations en France, et n'arrive pas à trouver de situation convenable.

Il parvient donc à convaincre sa famille de regagner son île natale où s'annonce une vie meilleure. Juliette Laroche étant enceinte d'un troisième enfant, le départ est prévu au printemps 1912 afin que le bébé naisse à Haïti. La famille réserve tout d'abord des billets à bord du France de la Compagnie générale transatlantique, mais annule la traversée en découvrant que les enfants ne peuvent y manger dans la même salle que leurs parents. Ils échangent donc leurs billets pour voyager à bord du Titanic de la White Star Line, paquebot flambant neuf qui fait escale à Cherbourg dans la soirée du .

Le Titanic

Le  en fin de journée, le Titanic fait escale en rade de Cherbourg. Le port ne disposant pas d'assez de place pour accueillir un navire aussi grand, les passagers embarquent par le biais de deux transbordeurs, le Nomadic et le Traffic. Comme tous les passagers de première et deuxième classe, les Laroche embarquent par le biais du Nomadic. Joseph Laroche est le seul passager noir connu à bord du paquebot. Sur le Titanic, le racisme reste présent, notamment de la part de l'équipage : après le naufrage, la White Star Line doit d'ailleurs s'excuser des propos de certains marins, qui utilisent généralement le terme « Italien » pour désigner toute personne au teint plus sombre et ont des propos parfois dénigrants à leur égard.

Le , le Titanic heurte un iceberg vers . Les époux Laroche montent leurs deux fillettes sur le pont supérieur afin d'embarquer dans les canots de sauvetage. D'après le récit de Juliette Laroche à la presse quelques semaines après le naufrage, sa fille Simonne est alors saisie par un marin et jetée dans un canot, sa mère subissant le même sort. Après nombre d'efforts, Joseph réussit à convaincre les marins d'embarquer également Louise. Lui-même promet à son épouse de la retrouver dans un autre canot.

Le canot dans lequel ont embarqué les Laroche reste indéfini. Plusieurs sources supposent qu'il s'agissait du 14, mais le fait que leur témoignage mentionne une comtesse laisse supposer qu'il s'agit du 8, où se trouvait la comtesse de Rothes. À leur arrivée à bord du Carpathia, Joseph Laroche n'est pas présent, mais l'espoir demeure : il a pu être sauvé par un autre navire. Ce n'est qu'à l'arrivée à New York trois jours après que la famille doit se rendre à l'évidence : le père est mort.

Une fin de vie méconnue

Lorsqu'elles arrivent à New York, les trois Laroche n'ont nulle part où aller. Elles sont recueillies à l'hôpital St. Vincent, puis hébergées, nourries et vêtues par Hugh Kelly, un philanthrope. Juliette Laroche décide ensuite de rentrer à Villejuif auprès de son père. Le retour se fait à bord du paquebot français Chicago.

En France, elle donne naissance à un fils, nommé Joseph en l'honneur de son père. Le père de Juliette Laroche peine à nourrir la famille, et la Première Guerre mondiale aggrave la situation. Il fait donc pression auprès de sa fille pour qu'elle demande dédommagement auprès de la White Star Line. Ce n'est qu'en 1918 qu'elle reçoit  francs d'époque. Elle peut ainsi ouvrir une teinturerie dans une des pièces de la maison familiale et nourrir sa famille.

En 1920, la mère de Joseph vient en France voir ses petits-enfants, mais la rencontre se passe mal, et ils ne se revoient plus par la suite. La suite de leur vie est obscure. Simonne meurt en 1973, suivie par sa mère en 1980.

En 1995, avec une autre rescapée, Millvina Dean, Louise Laroche est invitée à visiter le Nomadic, toujours à flot. La même année, elle est présente à l'inauguration d'une stèle commémorative à Cherbourg par la Titanic Historical Society<ref>Olivier Mendez, « The last French Lady - Mademoiselle Louise Laroche, A Titanic survivor' »', The Titanic Commutator, Volume 19, numéro 2, août - octobre 1995, pages 40-48</ref>. Elle meurt à Paris le , ne laissant derrière elle que sept rescapés du Titanic encore vivants.

Notes et références

 Bibliographie
 Serge Bilé, Le seul passager noir du Titanic, 2019, éditions Cercle Media.

Annexes
Articles connexes
 Naufrage du Titanic
 Haïti

Liens externes

  Louise Laroche sur Encyclopedia Titanica, site de biographies et articles sur le naufrage du Titanic  A Haitian French Family Which Traveled in Second Class Aboard « Titanic » sur le site de la Titanic Historical Society, association d'historiens faisant des recherches sur le Titanic''

Rescapé du Titanic
Naissance en juillet 1910
Naissance à Villejuif
Décès en janvier 1998
Décès à Villejuif
Décès à 87 ans


text:
Sioux Falls police search for armed robber
COVID-19 in South Dakota: 448 total new cases; Death toll rises to 2,398; Active cases at 7,692
by: Karen Sherman, Marissa Lute
SIOUX FALLS, S.D. (KELO) — There were 448 new total COVID-19 cases reported by the South Dakota Department of Health on Friday, bringing the state's total case count to 171,248, up from Thursday (170,800).
The number of active cases reported on Friday is at 7,692, up from Thursday (7,688).
There were six new deaths reported, bringing the total to 2,398. The new deaths were five men and one woman in the following age ranges: 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 and 80+ (3). The new deaths were reported from Lawrence County, McCook County, Minnehaha County, Moody County, Turner County and Yankton County.
Current hospitalizations are at 261, down from Thursday (270). Total hospitalizations are at 8,689, up from Thursday (8,658).
Total recovered cases are now at 161,158, up from Thursday (160,720).
CLICK HERE TO VIEW latest COVID-19 case numbers for South Dakota
The DOH currently reports total tests each day. There have been 1,752,846 total tests reported as of Friday, up 4,974 from 1,747,872 total tests reported Thursday.
The latest seven-day PCR test positivity rate for the state is 14.7% for Dec. 2 – 8.
Of South Dakota's 66 counties, 63 are listed as having "high" or "substantial" community spread. "High" community spread is 100 cases or greater per 100,000 or a 10% or greater PCR test positivity rate.
There have been 1,096 Delta variant cases (B.1.617.2, AY.1-AY.25) detected in South Dakota through sentinel monitoring. There have been 176 cases of the B.1.1.7 (Alpha variant), 3 cases of P.1. (Gamma variant) and 2 cases of the B.1.351 (Beta variant).
On November 24, the South Dakota Department of Health updated how it reports the percent of the population getting vaccinated. To align with the vaccine-eligible population, the Department of Health is including children who are 5-11 years old. The state says there was a decrease of 7% from the 12+ year old population.
Iowa contracting 100 healthcare workers to relieve pressure as state hits 2021 record-high for COVID-19 hospitalizations
As of Friday, 66% the population 5-years-old and above has received at least one dose while 54.49% have completed the vaccination series. 18.38% of those eligible have completed their booster dose.
There have been 585,774 doses of the Pfizer vaccine administered, 420,925 of the Moderna vaccine and 34,614 doses of the Janssen vaccine.
There have been 167,799 persons who have completed two doses of Moderna. There have been 235,438 persons who have received two doses of Pfizer.
As for booster doses, 77,710 people have received a 3rd Pfizer shot, 60,901 have received a 3rd Moderna dose and 1,676 have received a Janssen booster.
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6 seats are ONLY available for the White Haven, Hazleton and Leighton pick up locations.
The Dickson City, Pittston and Wilkes-Barre Pick up locations are SOLD OUT.
Jimmy Buffett is playing in Camden New Jersey!
Groups of 10 or more can be purchased right online below.
Call for Groups of 20 for the BEST RATE!
Charity Raffle with 100% of Proceeds to benefit EJ Murphy family. EJ is one of the owner Greg Paulson's best friends. He is battling ALS Click here to learn more about this horrible disease and how to HELP NOW.
Winner will receive a Free Buffett Trip!
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text:
SPECIAL REPORT: Malware Exploiting Spectre & Meltdown Flaws Emerge
Researchers at the antivirus testing firm AV-TEST have discovered more than 130 samples of malware that were specifically developed to exploit the Spectre and Meltdown CPU vulnerabilities.
The good news is that these samples appear to be the result of testing activities, but experts fear that we could soon start observing attacks in the wild.
Most of the codes obtained by AV-TEST are just recompiled versions of the Proof of Concept code available online. Experts at AV-TEST also found the first JavaScript PoC codes for web browsers like IE, Chrome or Firefox in our database now.
"We also found the first JavaScript PoC codes for web browsers like IE, Chrome or Firefox in our database now."Andreas Marx, CEO of AV-TEST, told SecurityWeek.
The Meltdown attack could allow attackers to read the entire physical memory of the target machines stealing credentials, personal information, and more.
The Meltdown exploits the speculative execution to breach the isolation between user applications and the operating system, in this way any application can access all system memory.
The Spectre attack allows user-mode applications to extract information from other processes running on the same system. It can also be exploited to extract information from its own process via code, for example, a malicious JavaScript can be used to extract login cookies for other sites from the browser's memory.
The Spectre attack breaks the isolation between different applications, allowing to leak information from the kernel to user programs, as well as from virtualization hypervisors to guest systems.
On January 17, experts at AV-TEST reported that they had detected 77 malware samples apparently related to the Intel vulnerabilities.
#Spectre & #Meltdown: So far, the AV-TEST Institute discovered 77 samples which appear to be related to recently reported CPU vulnerabilities. #CVE-2017-5715 #CVE-2017-5753 #CVE-2017-5754 pic.twitter.com/J7LvweJCTP
— AV-TEST GmbH (@avtestorg) January 17, 2018
The number of malware samples related to Meltdown and Spectre reached pi119 by January 23.
[UPDATE: 2018-01-23] #Spectre & #Meltdown: So far, the AV-TEST Institute discovered 119 samples which appear to be related to recently reported CPU vulnerabilities. #CVE-2017-5715 #CVE-2017-5753 #CVE-2017-5754
SHA256 Hashes: https://t.co/qurJ8CcX71 pic.twitter.com/3Z0cUrIk7x
On January 31, AV-TEST confirmed to be in possession of 139 samples from various sources.
According to the AV-TEST CEO, several groups of experts are working on a malware that could trigger Intel flaws, most of them are re-engineering the available PoC.
"We aren't the only ones concerned. Others in the cybersecurity community have clearly taken notice, because between January 7 and January 22 the research team at AV-Test discovered 119 new samples associated with these vulnerabilities," reads a blog post published by Fortinet. "FortiGuard Labs has analyzed all of the publicly available samples, representing about 83 percent of all the samples that have been collected, and determined that they were all based on proof of concept code. The other 17 percent may have not been shared publicly because they were either under NDA or were unavailable for reasons unknown to us."
Pierluigi Paganini, Editor-in-Chief
Cyber Defense Magazine


text:
Dome, Brighton
/Still Ill
//Miserable Lie
There were no surprises in the setlist. Fans in Brighton were given the same set as other places visited earlier on this tour. The Dome was a seated venue but as soon as the Smiths entered stage, everyone got up and rushed forward.
After "I Want The One I Can't Have" Morrissey thanked the audience and then added an extra "thank you scribes..." After "How Soon Is Now?" he told someone "No, you should know by now, you're a big boy..." This was followed by the introduction of the next planned number "This is 'Shakespeare's Sister'." After the song Morrissey answered someone's request with the question "Stretch out and what?" Next up was "Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now" and this one was introduced with the brief comment "This is a funny old song..."
Before going into "Reel Around The Fountain" Morrissey stated "Excuse the phlegm, but erm... being on the road is more difficult than doing your A-levels..." When the band returned to the stage for the first encore, Morrissey replied to the cheering audience with the words "You're very kind, thank you..." Besides the usual change in "Still Ill" to "If I were you, I really wouldn't bother", he also sang "There are brighter sides to life and I should know because I've seen them... once."
There are three different recordings of this concert out there. All feature the complete or near-complete concert. The best one soundwise appears to be the one brought to us by Steve from Soundsville International. The recording credited to Johannes is almost as good, but lacks a bit of "The Headmaster Ritual", presumably when the recorder had to flip the tape over. The author of the third recording may be Paul from Soundsville International. This one sounds poorer than the other two, but this may just be because the copy in circulation was transfered to digital files via a high generation tape copy.


The owner/operator of Advanced-Office-Solutions.com is Dr. Croft, who has been operating an independent clinical psychological practice in the downtown core since 1994 (drcroftpsychologist.com). He will provide active/on-site management for this purpose-built business center. It is located in a commercial condominium that Dr. Croft owns. As such, this is not a leased or subleased property, so you have the security of knowing that you can have your business in the same location for as long as you want it.