text:
UFC news, rumors: Georges St-Pierre says rematch with Nick Diaz 'not interesting for me' – CBS Sports
There was no doubt who won the UFC 158 clash between then-welterweight champ Georges St. Pierre and Nick Diaz in March 2013. St. Pierre's wrestling and overall strength was simply too much for Diaz as the champ took a clear decision win.
St. Pierre returned to the cage in November 2017 after nearly four years in retirement. After an incredible performance and submission victory to win the middleweight championship from Michael Bisping, GSP promptly found his way back on the sidelines.
With Diaz's younger brother returning from his own three years away to score a win over Anthony Pettis at UFC 241, the Diaz brothers are back in the spotlight again.
While the rivalry between Nick and St. Pierre was heated in 2013, returning to the Octagon to run it back isn't in the cards as far as the greatest welterweight of all time is concerned.
"I don't know what to say. He's one of my biggest adversaries," St. Pierre told Chael Sonnen. "Even if we only fought once, we're kind of very different personalities, and I think the clash of personalities makes it very interesting, but I'm retired now. I don't want to go back and fight Nick Diaz. I wish him the best of luck in his pursuit of the title if that's what he wanted to do. It's not interesting for me. It has nothing I can gain from that. The risk is not worth the reward."
Diaz has only fought once since the loss to St. Pierre, a January 2015 fight with Anderson Silva. Silva originally won a decision but the fight was overturned to a no contest after Silva failed a drug test — Diaz also failed his drug test, testing positive for marijuana.
It's unclear if we'll ever see either man back in the Octagon, but it seems we won't see them standing across from each other.
More UFC news, rumors
Rory MacDonald and Douglas Lima will meet for a second time on Oct. 26 in the finals of the Bellator's welterweight World Grand Prix. The 170-pounders first met in 2018 with MacDonald earning a decision win.
After previously saying he "liked Jose Aldo at any weight," UFC president Dana White changed his tune while speaking with reporters after the latest edition of the Contender Series. "Aldo sent me a text telling me he wants to do this, so we really haven't talked about it, but I just … there's no way that kid can make (135). There's no way," White said. "No way."
After previous rumors Brian Ortega would return to the Octagon in a bout with "The Korean Zombie" Chan Sung Jung after a failed bid for Max Holloway's featherweight crown in December, it now appears the fight is close to happening. The bout missed happening in Mexico City as Ortega wanted, but he sees it as an eventual main event somewhere. "I want to fight. I want to give the fans a main event fight somewhere," Ortega told MMA Fighting. "Korean Zombie" sounds good, especially after the fact that he's talking s–t, which is not like him, so I'm guessing there's something behind that. If he can keep talking and the fans want to see it and we can make that a main event somewhere, we should."
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E.T.E.M.® was established in Pavia in 1980 as a company operating almost exclusively in the military sector, specialising in the manufacturing of ballistic guard booths and guard towers for armed military surveillance. In the following years, E.T.E.M.® structures have become synonymous of high-security, quality and reliability such that its products are nowadays present in most of the military installations around Italy and in many foreign military garrisons.
Towards the late '80s, on the backdrop of a greater sensitivity and attention to high quality and compliance with national and international safety standards, E.T.E.M.® gave a stronger impetus to its spirit of innovation culminating in the creation of unique products and structures with the highest standards of quality and safety, manufactured and certified in compliance with the most restrictive international security regulations and standards.
E.T.E.M.® has since established itself as a leading company in military passive defence, a sector in which the concept of "security" finds its highest expression and where only companies adhering to the standards of excellence can operate.
In the '90s, because of the changes to geopolitical dynamics whereby civilian and industrial sites have increasingly been identified as "high-risk" sites, E.T.E.M.®, leveraging its strong experience in the military sector, has reached another important milestone in its history by extending further its activity to industrial, petrochemical and civilian sectors.
Today E.T.E.M.® works all around the world, in the military, industrial and civilian sectors, and it is the only company in Italy specialising in the manufacturing of certified blast and ballistic security structures for critical infrastructure protection.


Here is a little tip on how to remove missing or orphaned nodes within Umbraco. You may encounter this error if you try copying nodes within the back office. You'll receive an error relating to a method called 'umbraco.dialogs.moveOrCopy.CheckPermissions'. To find any orphaned nodes and remove them, run the following script against your Umbraco database. Make sure you backup your database first. It's a little long winded but the script finds any nodes and dependancies that do not have a version, are not trashed and is of type content.


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Painting – we provide painting solutions that breathe new life into properties, including paint decor.
Tiling and cladding – we are the service provider of choice for all your floor and wall tiling and cladding.
Paving – we offer a wide variety of paving options.
Plumbing – Installing plumbing in a new building, fixing and replacing burst geysers, burst pipes, blocked drains, leaking toilets, etc.
We are specialists for interior and exterior property renovations, remodeling, alterations and additions.
We provide a complete and comprehensive maintenance program for each property under our care.
Pool & Handyman Services - Cleaning of pools & all other necessary mantainance work needed by our clients.
Electrical Services - Electrical Installations, repairs and mantainance & COC.


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is a CAVE or Immersadesk virtual environment that emphasizes participant interaction. Strait Dope colors thought and decision making by presenting unfamiliar elements in settings which operate under an alternate logic. Participants discover their own path to confront a subversive world of colors, characters, voices and noises.


It couldn't come sooner for those clamoring for an upgrade to the 7.9-inch iPad mini – it launched back in 2015. It's really been that long since we got the old iPad Mini 4.
We're also anticipating an entry-level iPad 9.7 in March or April, so Apple could unveil both new iPads at the same time. How Apple prices them is a big mystery today.
The iPad mini 5 will have to come cheap due to its smaller screen size, but it's said to be new features, including Smart Keyboard and Apple Pencil support.
Mid-April is when we expect Apple's video streaming service to go live. The company could tie the iPad Mini 5 and video service into one big launch event.
Even if the video platform goes live in April, the all-in-one iPad event can still happen in March because Apple doesn't have a video streaming service it's replacing. It can afford a longer lead time vs products in which people will stop buying the old one.


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§015e. (CB) Emergencies – Appropriation Acts with Emergency Designations
Cyclopedia of Congressional Budget Law
Emergencies as Included in Appropriations Acts
The term emergency, when used in budget law, indicates a form of spending that is given special treatment due the circumstances under which it is provided, or the purposes to which it is directed.
Congressional Budget Act of 1974
Sec. 3.[1] In general.— For purposes of this Act—
(11) The terms "emergency" and "unanticipated" have the meanings given to such terms in section 250(c) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985.
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985
Section 250(c) set forth the definitions for the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, but they are generally employed for budget law purposes. The definition in that subsection read as follows:
(c) Definitions.—As used in this part:
(20) The term "emergency" means
a situation that—
(A) requires new budget authority and outlays (or new budget
authority and the outlays flowing therefrom) for the prevention or mitigation
of, or response to, loss of life or property, or a threat to national security;
(B) is unanticipated.
(21) The term "unanticipated" means that the underlying situation is—
(A) sudden, which means quickly coming into being or not building
up over time;
(B) urgent, which means a pressing and compelling need requiring
immediate action;
(C) unforeseen, which means not predicted or anticipated as an emerging need; and
(D) temporary, which means not of a permanent duration.
GAO Glossary of Terms and Definition (September 2005)
A term that usually modifies "appropriation," "legislation," or "supplemental." Under procedures typically prescribed in concurrent resolutions on the budget, the House or the Senate, or their respective committees of jurisdiction, may designate proposed appropriations or other legislation as "emergency legislation" and thereby exempt any new budget authority, outlays, or receipts resulting from such legislation from specified enforcement provisions in the Congressional Budget Act, the concurrent resolution itself, or both. (See also Appropriations under Forms of Budget Authority under Budget Authority.)
Acts appropriating funds for national or international emergencies such as natural disasters or urgent national security events are typically designated "emergency supplemental." (See also Supplemental Appropriation.)
[PAGES 46-47]
Congressional Budget Process: An Explanation (Senate Budget Committee)
Definition of Emergency Spending
Emergency Spending: As provided in the Budget Enforcement Act, a provision of legislation designated as an emergency by both the President and the Congress. As a result, this additional spending is not subject to the discretionary caps or the pay go requirements and thus will not cause a sequester. In addition, emergency legislation is effectively exempt from Budget Act points of order.
There is no specific criteria in the law for emergency spending. However, the following criteria were contained in a June 1991 report prepared by the Office of Management and Budget—as required by Pub. L. No. 102-55 for the determination of whether to designate spending as an emergency spending:
Necessary expenditure.—an essential or vital expenditure, not one that is merely useful or beneficial;
Sudden.—quickly coming into being, not building up over time;
Urgent.—pressing and compelling need requiring immediate action;
Unforseen.—not predictable or seen beforehand as a coming need (an emergency that is part of an aggregate level of anticipated emergencies, particularly when normally estimated in advance, would not be "unforeseen"); and
Not permanent.—the need is temporary in nature.
[The Congressional Budget Process: An Explanation, Appendix J (Glossary), Committee on the Budget of the U.S. Senate, S. Prt. 105-67 (Revised December 1998).]
Elastic Clause
Entitlement Authority

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


North Washington Avenue Street metered parking is free nights after 6 pm and all day on Saturday and Sunday. Our on site parking lot is located along side and behind POSH. Additional parking in available at the Adams Parking Garage entrance on Adams avenue between Mulberry and Vine street or City parking garages located on Mulberry street and North Washington Avenue at Linden Street.


Ripening is an acceptable word in Scrabble with 11 points. Ripening is an accepted word in Word with Friends having 15 points. Ripening is a 8 letter medium Word starting with R and ending with G. Below are Total 67 words made out of this word.
Note: There are 1 anagrams of the word ripening. Anagrams are meaningful words made after rearranging all the letters of the word.
Note There are 3 vowel letters and 5 consonant letters in the word ripening. R is 18th, I is 9th, P is 16th, E is 5th, N is 14th, G is 7th, Letter of Alphabet series.


Please don't forget to click on the SUBSCRIBE button in the right-hand margin, and also on the Messianic Moment icon in the corner of the video so you will be notified when I do a new posting.
This parashah begins with the end of Sarah's life. Abraham buys a burial cave and after the mourning period, he has Eliezer, his servant and guardian of all he owns (like Joseph was for Potipher's household) go back to Abrahams' old village to find a wife for Isaac from amongst Abraham's own family. God goes ahead of Eliezer and Rebekah, the daughter of Abraham's brother, Nachor, is the one God has chosen. After she is brought back and joined with Isaac, the parashah ends with a note about the other sons Abraham had through his second wife, Keturah- 6 more sons. Finally, we are told of Abraham's death and burial. The last lines of this parashah give us the names of the sons of Ishmael, who become 12 nations.
I need to confess some pridefulness on my part in that I have always thought that the numberless amount of descendants that God promised Abraham would beget (Gen. 15:5) are the Jewish people. I never really thought of anyone else that came from Abraham's loins as being part of that number. Oh, yes- I recognized that the Arab peoples were brothers, way, way back somewhere since they also came from Abraham, but I always thought the descendants that counted were just the Jewish people.
Lately, I have had discussions with other people who claim they are one of the tribes sent into the Diaspora and are just now tracing themselves back to their Israelite tribe. The 10 tribes that have been dispersed throughout the world have also lost their origins, having been assimilated into the culture and bloodlines of the geographical locations to which they went. And these locations are worldwide, from Asia through Africa, in Europe- all over!
We all know that Abraham had 2 sons, Ishmael and Isaac- one became the Arab nations and the other the Jewish nation. But do you recall that in this parashah we are told of 6 other sons that Abraham had? He gave them all gifts and sent them on their own way, and since his first two sons grew into nations that numbered (and still do) in the millions, it only seems reasonable to believe that God's promise to make his descendants as numerous as the stars in the heavens would also be fulfilled through these other 6 sons. That means that we know of at least 24 tribes from Ishmael and Isaac, alone, and who knows how many more tribes from the other 6 sons?
Over the past 5 Millennia, that's a heck of a lot of people! Even when we consider that some of the Semitic tribes have been destroyed, such as the Assyrians and Babylonians, that still leaves plenty of descendants.
My point is that God's promise to Abraham may not have been restricted to just the Jewish descendants. There may be more "sons and daughters of Abraham" around than I ever thought there were. My "special" condition, being a Jewish descendant of Abraham, may not really be oh-so-special, after all. And I confess I felt a little let down by that realization; on the other hand, after I thought it over a bit more, I started to think this is a good thing.
God promised Abraham his descendants would be more numerous than the stars, more than the grains of sand on the beach, and when we think about that promise as including the adopted children of Abraham, that fits in perfectly with what we are told in the Bible.
Psalm 86:9– All nations whom You have made shall come and worship before You, O Lord, and they shall glorify Your name.
That verse in Hosea is, contextually, dealing with the regathering of Israel, but the adopted sons and daughters will be the regathered, as well.
There are many other verses throughout the Bible, Old and New Covenants, which indicate God's plan to bring all the nations- not just those that are the direct descendants of Abraham- into his salvation.
The truth I have now accepted is that being a "Jew" is not so special, after all, since I have many brothers and sisters who are all children (either directly or adopted) of Abraham, throughout the world. And they are, indeed, as numerous as the stars in the heavens.
The conclusion I have come to is this: being a Jew by birth is not what is special. What is special is to accept Yeshua as my Messiah and to live my life as my Messiah did, worshiping the Holy One of Israel, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob through obedience to his Torah.


I'll meet you at Harper's first birthday party!
How'd it happen so soon?!
How DID it happen so soon? It feels like just yesterday we were up all hours of the night with that little bundle. That could be because we were...weaning her has been a fun time.
Harper Sam Dwan turned one on June 15, 2013. Luckily we were coming back to Reno to manage the moving of our house and settle some final business. It worked out perfectly that we were able to have Harp's first birthday with Dallin's parents and some of our very close Reno friends. It couldn't have been better planned!
"Chicka Boom" holds a special place in our hearts :). It was Dallin's nickname when he was younger, for funny reasons that he'd kill me if I told. So it just seemed fitting that we give Harp's a chicka boom party.
For food, we had mangos, pineapple, coconut lemonade juice, avocado and shrimp salad with chips and LOTS of candy!
And some of our very, very favorite people came to wish her a happy day!
Harper had such a fun time seeing everyone and ripping up wrapping paper. She's definitely not a shy baby and she makes that known right off the bat.
She was a little under the weather that weekend but you would've never known given how happy she was, thankfully.
She didn't know quite what to do with her cake so I smashed her hands into it. She lifted them with a disgusted look on her face and looked around like, "why the heck did you just do that, I'm dirty now".
We expected her to jump right in, but no, not our proper little miss. She daintily grabbed pieces one at a time and put them in her mouth. With her pinky extended, mind you!
The only time she got dirty was when we forced her hands all over her face, just for effect. Such a good sport, she still loved it! Just look at that sweet face!
I absolutely love her in headbands, but there is no way she would keep this stupid thing on.
Opening more present! Spoiled little doll!
Jared, Christine, and Londyn gave her her very own phone! woohoo!
She is definitely a little party animal. She loves the excitement and craziness and being around lots of people.
Our little doll is absolutely perfect. At one year she loved giving kisses, making her angry bunny face, cheerios, and she had just done her first little dance! She loves talking on "her" (it's actually mine) cell phone, her eyes light up when "Siri" talks to her. She has started terrorizing the cat and chasing her around the place. She is very social and very aware. She responds very well to those around her and is very eager to get attention from them. If we are in an area where people are, and if by chance she has not yet charmed someone, she will start yelling at the nearest person till they turn to see her. She'll then grin and coo and wave at them. It's very comical and we always get a kick out of it. We love you Harper bug!
Ash, I LOVE how she handled the cake so well with her dainty little fingers--- she is the PRINCESS, duh!!! She has grown so much and is a sweetie pie... I want to see her now and play! Thanks for the updates on the party since I couldnt be there. Love ya babe!
what a good mom she has to force cake on her face for effect! haha i still need to meet this little girl! hope seattle is treating you well!


Move With Grace is excited to announce we will be offering our first How to Move Like a Champion workshop comprised of three 55-minute sessions on Saturday July 22 from 2-5pm at the Triangle Dance Studio.
No partner necessary! Join us for one class, or bundle all three and save!
Please contact queries@movewithgraceballroom.com with any questions or to reserve your space. We hope to see you on the dance floor!


The Yurt – Handmade and imported from Mongolia, a marvel of engineering with no screws or nails! A mesmerising fresco of painted poles ascend to the magical central dome views of sky and tree tops. Described as "a genius blend of Bohemia meets the bush", Moroccan inspired curtains and wall hangings define the living and bedroom areas. A thick layer of insulating lambswool felt regulates temperature and fans and heater are provided.
The Living space – Gorgeous gaddis and glassware, comfy cushions, ornate ottomans and an exquisite handcrafted table (from an ~200 year old red gum which is still growing just down the bank from the Yurt), interspersed with lovely decorative features creating a comfortable and relaxing space. Delight in glorious sunbeams from the decorative dome tracking lazily across the space and forest views through the doors.
The Boudoir – Beautiful by day and by night! Savour sky and tree top views through the dome, red gum forest views through the glass or flywire doors and listen to beautiful birdsong. Luxurious Australian-made Koala mattress on a handcrafted base of red gum encased recycled packing crates with stunning red box headboard. Australian-made highloft wool doona and pillows (with alternate choice of bamboo pillows) and silky sateen linen ensure a blissful nights sleep.
The Deck – Hand-sawn natural attrition red gum. Enjoy the ever-changing display of sunlight and shadows over Hurdle Creek and the forest from the comfy chairs or hammock. By day – delight in the enchanting birdlife, watch for kangaroos and wallabies coming for a late afternoon drink. By night – stargaze by the wood-fired chiminea with your favourite beveridge. Listen for the Southern Boobook Owls distinctive 'Mopoke' call and possums playing through the tree canopy.
The Ensuite – Sits in harmony with the natural environment, providing a small yet comfortable, self-contained facility with a stunning view over Hurdle Creek and the forest from the gravity-fed rainwater hot shower. Handcrafted from natural attrition red gum with covered walkway providing shelter between Yurt and ensuite. Enjoy complimentary environmentally friendly toiletries and Nature's Head composting toilet for the ultimate, odourless Glamping experience.
The Camp Kitchen – Undercover, pebbled, and fully equipped for your comfort and convenience. Handcrafted from natural attrition whole-trunk red gum posts to blend harmoniously with the environment. Magnificent view from the bespoke handcrafted red gum floating brekky bar. Gas flatplate BBQ and burner, solar lighting – all your basics are included plus luxury extras. A double-bowl kitchen sink (with all dishwashing essentials) is located on the outer wall of the ensuite.
Get back to nature and leave relaxed and rejuvenated! Bushwalking (guided tours avail.), Bird Watching, Wildlife spotting, Swimming, Fishing, Indigenous Heritage (guided tours avail.), Woodworking, Farming and Vineyard activities (seasonal).
Gourmet Food, Wine, Gin and Beer Heaven! Discover the stunning King Valley, one of the most picturesque and unspoilt valleys in Australia in the foothills of the Alpine National Park. A short drive to nearby wineries, eateries, gin distillery, craft beer and attractions.
There is no shortage of restaurants, art galleries, wineries, national parks, Indigenous heritage, waterfalls, lookouts, horse riding, cooking masterclasses, music, markets, hot air ballooning, fishing, four wheel driving, yoga in the vines, cycling and hiking trails, festivals and events. The vast array of award winning wines and excellent produce heralds one of Australia's most celebrated gourmet regions. From local honey, mustard, cheese, olives, craft beer, gin, mead and wines – the region is overflowing with things to taste and explore.
"Preserving our fragile environment is our highest value and we strive to protect and regenerate this ecosystem for future generations. Working hard to repair salinity and erosion on our waterways and regenerate the red gum forest, we are rewarded with a rich and diverse ecosystem. Our highest priority is our land and water and providing sanctuary for native flora and fauna. We have the blessing of our local Bpangerang Aboriginal Community and have created a space for others to enjoy the natural beauty we are blessed to be surrounded by, without impacting the environment.
We accommodate a maximum of 2 people and appeal to those who share the same sustainable values as ours. Yarranungara Yurt Retreat is a completely off-grid experience.
Environmentally friendly waterless, chemical-free Natures Head composting toilet separates liquids and solids to provide odourless comfort. Solids are mixed with peat moss and a chemical-free activator and the fan assists the aerobic composting process.
We are members of two local Landcare Groups and Greenpeace. Our land management is informed by our local Bpangerang Aboriginal Elders and Ecologist Ian Davidson of Regenerations Solutions. Through Landcare our property has been selected for a Rakali Field Day event and funding for wildlife cameras to confirm the presence of gliders.
Not a building in sight – a total immersion in nature. Yarranungara Yurt Retreat is a unique luxury experience combining the fundamentals of a hotel with the outdoors – glamping with all the creature comforts, furnished with all your essentials plus more!
Eco-luxury glamping in the heart of gourmet food and wine country. Yarranungara is an ecofriendly handcrafted Mongolian Yurt with a bespoke red gum ensuite set beside a vineyard, and overlooking 100 acres of natural red gum forest and waterways with private King River frontage.
Who? Maximum 2 guests. Not suitable for children or pets.
How much? $150 per night with 2 night minimum booking.
Exclusively yours – There is only one Yurt at Yarranungara, so you will always be the only guests and enjoy total privacy.
Experience one of the few remaining old growth forests where morning sunrays light the trees and stunning sunrises and sunsets are reflected in the still waters of Brangie Dam.
Yarranungara Yurt Retreat is a sanctuary for lovers in the heart of the High Country's beautiful King Valley gourmet food and wine region. Stargaze beside the fire on deck, swing in the hammock, and fall in love with the outdoors again!
Experience hassle-free, eco-luxury glamping with all the creature comforts in our fully furnished and equipped yurt, ensuite and camp kitchen. Just bring yourself, food and drink (if you want to eat in) and we'll take care of the rest!
Yarranungara is located on the property named Brangie. This is a third generation family owned and run 200 acre property in Oxley, North East Victoria. 100 acres of the property is on the floodplains bounded by Hurdle Creek and the King River. As this area is regularly inundated with water it remains undeveloped and boasts one of the few remnant old growth Red Gum forests of this area. Our ultimate goal is to protect and regenerate the Red Gum forests and water systems in our care.
Owners Linda and Geoff always thought their beautiful property would be perfect for a B&B but were unsure how this could be sustainably achieved. When they discovered Yurts, they were quickly sold on how well the luxury glamping theme would fit their values and blend harmoniously with the natural environment, leaving a minimal footprint.
The Yurt – Handmade and imported from Mongolia, a marvel of engineering with no screws or nails! A mesmerising fresco of painted poles ascend to the magical central dome views of sky and tree tops. Described as "a genius blend of Bohemia meets the bush", Morrocan inspired curtains and wall hangings define the living and bedroom areas. A thick layer of insulating lambswool felt regulates temperature and fans and heater are provided.


text:
Rental market snapshot for Saginaw, Michigan
Rents in Saginaw, Michigan
Saginaw, Michigan Rental Property Market Overview
The average rent for an apartment in Saginaw is $802. The cost of rent varies depending on several factors, including location, size, and quality.
Saginaw is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the seat of Saginaw County. The city is located on the east side of the Saginaw River, approximately 75 miles (121 km) northwest of Detroit. The 2010 census recorded the city's population as 51,508. It is the principal city of the Saginaw, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Saginaw County. The city's motto, "Where Michigan Begins", refers to its location along the Saginaw River.
Average monthly rent graph in Saginaw Michigan | Cost of Living
The most expensive ZIP Code in Saginaw is 48604 with an average price of $1,495
The cheapest ZIP Code in Saginaw is 48602 with an average price of $625
Saginaw ZIP Codes with the highest, most expensive rent
2 48603 $850
Live near Saginaw, Michigan's Top Sights and Attractions
George Olsen Recreation Complex is a recreation complex that includes a swimming pool, a playground, and a picnic area. The complex is located in Saginaw, Michigan.
The Saginaw Soccer Complex is a large, modern facility that features 12 regulation-size soccer fields. The complex is located on the city's north side, just off of I-75.
The William H Haithco Recreation Area is a large park with a lake in the middle. There are hiking and biking trails, a playground, and a picnic area. The park is also home to a variety of wildlife, including ducks, geese, and turtles.
Celebration Park is a family-friendly destination that features a variety of activities and attractions. Visitors can enjoy a game of mini golf, go for a swim in the pool, or take a ride on the carousel. The park also has a playground, picnic area, and a pavilion that can be rented for special events.
The Saginaw River runs through the center of the city and is a popular spot for fishing, kayaking, and canoeing. There are also several parks along the river that are perfect for picnics, hiking, and biking.
Saginaw Children's Zoo is a small, family-friendly zoo located in Saginaw, Michigan. The zoo features a variety of animals, including lions, tigers, bears, reptiles, and birds. The zoo also has a playground, a picnic area, and a gift shop.
Deindorfer Woods is a nature preserve with hiking trails, a playground, and a picnic area. The preserve is home to many different kinds of animals, including deer, rabbits, and squirrels.
The Harvey Randall Wickes Recreation Complex is a recreation complex that includes a swimming pool, a playground, and a picnic area. The complex is located in Saginaw, Michigan.
Saginaw, Michigan area median rent change by ZIP Code map
How does Saginaw compare to other cities in Michigan ?
Sterling Heights $1,545
Ann Arbor $1,499
Holt $1,650
Lincoln Park $1,000
Belleville $888
Average household income in Saginaw area graph - US Census
The median household income in Saginaw in 2021 was $30,845. This represents a 12.4% change from 2011 when the median was $27,445.
0 Less than $10,000 15.9%
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Rents in Novi, Michigan


Sanctuary Cities – What is Sanctuary Cities?
The phrase, "sanctuary cities," has been getting a great deal of mention in the press and other areas within the past few months. What's not as clear, though, is the meaning of this term. What attributes is the press talking about that makes a particular city a sanctuary city? For whom are such cities a sanctuary for? A brief explanation of the highlights of this term follows.
While sanctuary city is not a legal term, the phrase has, nonetheless, been used extensively throughout the media and in government materials. At present, the Department of Homeland Security maintains a list of entities that have been labeled as "sanctuary jurisdictions" by the agency's secretary.
What is Sanctuary Cities? The term, "sanctuary cities," is a bit misleading. In reality, both cities and counties have been designated as being jurisdictions of sanctuary for undocumented immigrants. These areas provide a means of shelter for such immigrants. The most common methods of sheltering involve protection from immigration laws, such as those that are focused on deportation and that are handed down by the federal government.
The procedures that these jurisdictions have established can vary. They can be broken down into two broad categories. In one instance, there are those procedures that are established by law — or de jure. Within the other category, fall those procedures that are maintained in practice by an action — also known as de facto.
Though sanctuary cities span the United States, and can differ widely in attributes such as their size, population and other aspects, they all share the same general approach to immigration status. An adherence to policies that help protect people from inquiries about their immigration status during interactions with municipal employees and law enforcement is a key factor. Additionally, within these jurisdictions, its resources and municipal funds are not used to enforce federal immigration laws.
The reasoning behind a jurisdiction's decision to become an sanctuary city is twofold. In an effort to encourage its residents to use the resources available in each locale, many cities pledged to protect them from laws that are designed to deport undocumented immigrants.
Support services such as health care, educational opportunities and social welfare are designed to increase the knowledge base, health and quality of life of the city's residents. This, in turn, provides a stronger structure for the locality itself.
Another, equally important, reason for offering this sanctuary is focused on improving the safety of the city. Whether an immigrant is documented or not, the vast majority are working hard every day to make a good life for themselves and their families. Feeling safe enough to report crime without the fear of deportation is a crucial step in that process. A sanctuary city provides this protection to do so.


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Welcome to the ISD 318 Special Services Department. We are a team of specialized professionals dedicated to serving all learners. Our staff is committed to helping students of all needs to achieve excellence.
Please use the menus to navigate through the various categories to find what you need. If you would like to contact someone in the special education department, call us at 218-327-5705 or view our staff directory.


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Please note: Unfortunately, we can this colours 100% perfectly Widergegen.This is under other around the Einsel collation of the monitors.


Ogoh-ogoh parade before Nyepi Day 2015 will take place on March 20, 2015. Ogoh-ogoh 2015 will take place very lively. Because Nyepi Day this year is on the political situation is very conducive. The success of the parade and performances ogoh-ogoh is associated with the political situation in Bali. Although ogoh-ogoh is part of the culture and the arts, but in fact ogoh-ogoh in Bali often be used as a means of campaigning by political leaders and political parties to improve the image and increase the popularity.
Ogoh-ogoh 2015 will take place in a safe and controlled. Because this year the political situation is going well and safe. Ogoh-ogoh is part of the tradition and ritual before Nyepi Day in Bali. With the development of social life in Bali as well as the level of economic development of the people in Bali, designs, shapes, sizes and colors on each ogoh-ogoh increasingly large and attractive.
The Government appreciates the good wishes Balinese young people who want to make a parade of ogoh-ogoh with great fanfare that accompanied the contest. Some local governments provide funding to youth groups in order to make ogoh-ogoh bigger, more attractive, with high artistic taste.
Ogoh-ogoh 2015 to a unique tourist attraction and appeal to foreign tourists. Usually the tourists who have known Bali, will come back to Bali ahead of ogoh-ogoh parade. Because ogoh-ogoh parade is a typical tourist attraction owned by residents of Bali and the identity of the arts and traditions that have evolved since time immemorial.
Nyepi Day takes place every year in Bali. Nyepi Day is the Balinese New Year, based on the Balinese calendar. As held by the Chinese with the Chinese New Year, the Balinese New Year and also has its own calendar system. Balinese New Year called by Nyepi is celebrated by stopping all human activities for one full day and one night. Nyepi is known as Balinese Silent Day. The days without a loud voice, without a vehicle, without the light of the lamp, without fire, without work, without activity. When Nyepi, Bali island became very quiet and calm. Nyepi is also referred to as the natural cleansing of pollution.
Balinese calendar called Saka year. On Nyepi Day when people refer to the Saka new year. Saka year in Bali is calculated based on the rotation of the moon around the earth.


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India Transfers Stats
Current transfers > Receipts > BoP > Current US$: Current transfers (receipts) are recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Net current transfers > BoP > Current US$: Net current transfers are recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Workers' remittances > Receipts > BoP > Current US$: Workers' remittances are current transfers by migrants who are employed or intend to remain employed for more than a year in another economy in which they are considered residents. Some developing countries classify workers' remittances as a factor income receipt (and thus as a component of GNI). The World Bank adheres to international guidelines in defining GNI, and its classification of workers' remittances may therefore differ from national practices. This item shows receipts by the reporting country. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Receiv: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. Data are the sum of three items defined in the fifth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: workers' remittances, compensation of employees, and migrants' transfers. Remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers resident in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status, to recipients in their country of origin. Migrants' transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Select year 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Current transfers > Receipts > BoP > Current US$ $51.20 billion 2009 1st out of 141
Net current transfers > BoP > Current US$ $49.10 billion 2009 1st out of 142
Workers' remittances > Receipts > BoP > Current US$ $48.60 billion 2009 1st out of 119
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Receiv $49.47 billion 2009 2nd out of 158
SOURCES: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files.; World Bank staff estimates based on IMF balance of payments data.
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United we stand? The United Kingdom and United States are both in the top ten for Gross Domestic Product - and for child poverty.
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"Gaya's treatments have been an exceptional experience. I feel unusually fortunate to have found an acupuncturist of unwavering dedication to her practice. Not only is Gaya a consummate professional, she is a wonderful and worldly person. Her insight, patience, and sensitivity, combined with an expansive knowledge of many healing arts have provided me with a successful and gratifying experience under her care." - P.C.
"Upon first meeting Gaya it becomes very clear that she is a person who is born to heal, she exudes a truly calming and caring aura. She has an amazing ability to not only listen but to understand what ails a person. With this understanding she has an innate skill, coupled with years of solid education and learning from osmosis through other healers in her life, to hone in on the problem and address the ailment. Every time I see her I leave healthier, happier and refreshed." - T.R.
"I have been Gaya's client for several months and she has been indispensable in my path to wellness. I was apprehensive about acupuncture but from the first visit, Gaya has been terrific about explaining procedures and taking the time to understand how to approach my treatment plan. She consistently takes enough time to evaluate my progress and discuss treatment options. She genuinely cares about her clients and I look forward to each of my visits and most important, am well on the road to recovery from pain. As an added bonus, Gaya's treatments have provided me the energy to accomplish tasks I was unable to undertake before treatment. Thank you Gaya." - R.T.
"I am in my thirties, and for the past year, I have suffered from intense stomach pain and bloating, especially after eating. I eat only the healthiest organic foods and exercise regularly. For several months, it was so bad I could not even take a sip of water without feeling acute pain in my stomach. I sought the counsel of the most respected gastroenterologists in San Francisco and New York City, none of whom could diagnose a problem or recommend a solution. I had every test possible, from upper endoscopies to colonoscopies, all of which came back (thankfully) with "normal" results. While I was relieved by the results of the tests, I still did not have an answer to my pain and discomfort, and turned to Gaya for acupuncture treatment. After the first session, I felt like an entirely new person. My stomach pain disappeared and I was able to eat without excessive bloating and discomfort. She recommended herbal supplements and a modified diet, both of which have helped the symptoms immensely. I have since been back for a series of treatments, and feel eternally grateful after each one. My stomach is no longer bloated and I have zero pain. Gaya's soothing and professional nature only adds to the overall experience, which for me has been nothing short of a miracle. Thank you!" - W.J.
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Global Light Detection and Ranging Devices Market is expected to grow at a significant CAGR in the upcoming years as the scope, product types and its applications are increasing across the globe. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a remote sensing technology that produces catered light (laser) to find information about and the range of a distant target. LiDAR is comparable to the radar with definite features. Though, LiDAR uses waves of smaller wavelengths than radar (which usages radio waves for determining targets). The wavelengths of the electronic spectrum for LiDAR technology characteristically lie in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectrum range.
Light Detection and Ranging Devices Market is categorized based on geography into Asia Pacific (China, India, ASEAN, Australia & New Zealand), Japan, Middle East and Africa (GCC countries, S. Africa, Rest Of MEA), North America (U.S., Canada), Latin America (Brazil, Rest of Latin America), Western Europe (Germany, Italy, France, England, Spain, Rest of Western Europe), and Eastern Europe (Poland, Russia, Rest of Eastern Europe).
North America has been at the forefront with regards to Light Detection and Ranging Devices Industry and will continue to rule the roost in the years to come. North America region is expected to hold the highest market for Light Detection and Ranging Devices in the upcoming years. Large-scale research and development increase in government funding drive the market. North America is followed by Europe, and it is expected to grow high in the years to come.
Some of the key players that fuel the growth of the Light Detection and Ranging Devices Market include Intermap Technologies Corp., Firmatek 3D Mapping Solutions LLC, Optech Incorporated, Digital World Mapping Inc., Mosaic 3D, RIEGL Laser Measurement Systems GmbH, Aerometric Inc., Leica Geosystems AG, D Laser Mapping Ltd., Airborne Hydrography AB, Avent Lidar Technology, and FARO Technology, Inc. The key players are focusing on inorganic growth to sustain themselves amidst fierce competition. As such, mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures are the need of the hour.


Today I trekked into the morning practice at the BMO Harris Bradley Center. I arrived nice and early. Admired Anthony Bitetto's new haircut. Then took watch for the session.
Michael Young was the first man on the ice. He hasn't played since getting injured in his professional debut in Toronto. Then the rest of the Admirals trickled out – including the new blood: Jonathan Diaby, Kirill Gotovets, and Joe Pendenza.
On the Admirals injury front – we had two real pleasant sights today: Simon Moser and Joonas Jarvinen were on the ice.
Moser took part in the full practice. He was wearing the red "no contact" jersey but seemed to be in real good form. Moser is not expected to participate in game action this weekend – but is getting closer and closer to a return.
Jarvinen also took part on the full practice and, unlike Moser, he was in the typical black defenseman jersey. There still isn't necessarily a time table for a return. And I think the amount of bodies in camp right now helps Jarvinen in the sense that there isn't a rush to bring him back before he's 100%. Still, great to see the big Finn back on the ice.
The ATO trio from yesterday looked rather good from what I saw today. I was impressed with Diaby. He seemed to move around real well for a 6'5″ defenseman. He has plenty of size, seems good on his skates – particularly moving backwards, and looked real comfortable already.
Pendenza played on a line with Filip Forsberg and Patrick Cehlin today at practice. I feel like it is hard to judge him fairly when I'm seeing Forsberg toe-dragging and making the moves that he was today in practice. It somewhat took away from his line-combo work. That said, from a few drills where he worked on wing and odd-man rushes – I liked his speed. Seems to have a good burst out of that first step.
Gotovets, compared to all other Admirals d-men, really stood out because of his size. When all Ads defensemen are in their black practice gear the size of the players pop that extra bit against the ice. So, when you see a 5'11" Gotovets next to our goalies, you do kind of notice. He isn't exactly Ryan Ellis-like with that size either. His game is not particularly about offensive flashiness. It's about defense with him. It may be hard to gauge a player from watching him for an hour long practice – but he really appeared to keep things in front of him rather nicely. As was the case with the other new faces – I didn't really see anything stand out as overwhelmed, flustered, jumpy, or nervous. It seemed controlled. And that I take as the real bright spot for all of them.
One player that I did not see in today's practice was the Admirals Man of the Year, Mark Van Guilder. I didn't ask about his absence. I didn't get the impression that any move back to the NHL was in the cards – other then him not participating in practice. Just worth mentioning. I would assume he'll be in the lineup tomorrow barring another recall in the next 24 hours.
When practice finished up I talked with head coach Dean Evason. I then had the chance to welcome in the new faces and hear from captain Scott Ford. Here is what all had to say following practice.
Comments from the comments? Any questions you might have related to today's practice or the newbies? How about tomorrow night's game? What should we expect?
When you get a chance, ask him for a Hellberg update. Does he think that Mags will be back with the team yet this year?


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National minorities
National minorities (національні меншини; natsionalni menshyny). Distinct groups of the population in a state that differ from the dominant nation in their language and culture and express a desire to form a national community. The term 'national minority' is largely European in usage. It usually signifies a group that lives in compact settlements or has inhabited a territory for centuries. Numerous border changes connected with the growth of large European empires often produced national minorities. Their political and legal conceptualization emerged in the 19th century, although some earlier international accords guaranteed the rights of religious and ethnocultural groups. Because for several centuries Ukrainians did not have their own state, and Ukrainian ethnographic territories were part of large empires, Ukrainians were during that time treated as a national minority in their own homeland. Only with the establishment of a Ukrainian state in 1917 were Ukrainians recognized as a nation with a defined territory.
The tsarist regime did not consider Ukrainians in the Russian Empire a separate nation, and denied them the limited cultural and national rights granted to the Baltic, Polish, and Moslem nations in the empire. In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, in contrast, Ukrainians were recognized as a distinct nation, and shared in the rights established by the empire's multinational policies. Ukrainians living in territories in the Hungarian part of the empire were, however, discriminated against.
After the First World War Western Ukraine was divided among Poland, Romania, and Czechoslovakia, and the Western Ukrainians became national minorities in those states. In 1933 there were 6.2 million Ukrainians in Poland, 1.2 million in Romania, and 600,000 in Czechoslovakia. Over 40,000 Ukrainians lived in Yugoslavia. Unlike the Ukrainian immigrants in Western Europe and the Americas, Ukrainians living in the Eastern European states formed compact settlements. Moreover, in Poland, Romania, and Czechoslovakia they constituted majorities in the territories they inhabited, and considered those territories their ancestral lands.
Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia were bound by international treaties to respect the linguistic, educational, religious, and political rights of their national minorities. The Treaty of Versailles (1919) bound Poland in that respect, and the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919), Treaty of Neuilly (1919), and Treaty of Sèvres (1920) bound Romania. Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were committed to such policies by the Treaty of Saint-Germain. Poland had special obligations to protect the rights of its Ukrainians and Belarusians under the terms of the Peace Treaty of Riga (1921), concluded with the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic and Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic; it was also bound to grant Galicia regional autonomy and to recognize the political and cultural rights of the Ukrainians by decisions reached at the 1923 Conference of Ambassadors. Czechoslovakia, in addition to guaranteeing the rights of all national minorities, committed itself to granting territorial and administrative autonomy to the Ukrainian national territory of Transcarpathia (Subcarpathian Ruthenia). Both Poland and Czechoslovakia included the provision of minority rights in their legislation. Overall, however, only Czechoslovakia to some extent honored its obligations, by granting Ukrainians living on a limited territory distinctive administrative status. That was far short of the autonomy envisaged by the Treaty of Saint-Germain. Far worse violations of international accords were committed by Poland, which refused to respect its own legislation of 1922 granting Galicia provincial self-government, and in 1934 openly abrogated international provisions for the protection of national minorities, with the claim that such protection was an internal matter. Similarly, Romania reneged on its commitment to protect its national minorities, and in a 1938 government decree it excluded national minorities from the protection and guarantees of the conventions of the League of Nations.
Protection of the rights of national minorities in the interwar period was a concern of the League of Nations. It established its Minorities Commission to receive petitions from aggrieved minorities, and the Council of the league was empowered to create committees to investigate problems and work out a basis of settlement. Representatives of the Ukrainian minorities in Poland, Romania, and Czechoslovakia filed petitions with the commission, but the league lacked the authority and the mechanisms to deal with them effectively. Apart from giving publicity to minority grievances, it produced no concrete results.
The treatment of Ukrainian national minorities varied in the interwar period. Under Polish rule the Ukrainians of Galicia had more rights than the Ukrainians of Volhynia, and the Ukrainians of Polisia, the Kholm region, and Podlachia had virtually no rights. The Czechoslovak government separated the Prešov region from the province of Subcarpathian Ruthenia and incorporated it into Slovakia. Under Slovak rule the Ukrainians were subject to highly discriminatory policies. Under Romanian rule the Ukrainians of Bukovyna and Bessarabia were denied elementary rights. The Ukrainians often joined forces with Poland's, Czechoslovakia's, and Romania's other national minorities to defend their interests. In Poland, for instance, Ukrainians formed electoral blocs in the 1922 and 1928 elections with the Jews, Germans, Lithuanians, and Belarusians.
Border changes after the Second World War radically altered the fate of the Western Ukrainians. Most of them now lived in territories annexed by the Ukrainian SSR. Significant Ukrainian minorities, however, remained in Czechoslovakia (the Prešov region) and Romania (the Maramureş region), where they continued living in compact settlements in what were historically Ukrainian ethnographic territories. In Poland Ukrainians were deported from their traditional homelands in the Lemko region and Sian region (see Operation Wisła) and were dispersed throughout parts of western and northern Poland annexed from Germany.
In the postwar period international agreements for the protection of national minorities lost the little force they had had. Only Romania was obliged under the terms of the 1946 Paris Peace Conference (see Paris Peace Treaties of 1947) to treat its national minorities fairly. Equitable treatment of national minorities was increasingly rooted in concepts of human rights, and the constitutions of the newly established socialist regimes in Eastern Europe included declarations on respecting the cultural and linguistic rights of their national minorities. In practice, however, those regimes paid scant attention to such rights and discriminated against their minorities. Communist Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia had the most liberal policies toward their minorities and granted Ukrainians official minority status and attendant rights. Poland (especially until 1956) and Romania pursued the most discriminatory policies. The new Eastern European governments that in 1989 and 1990 replaced the communist regimes have committed themselves to respecting minority rights.
With the establishment of Ukrainian statehood in 1917, the Central Rada, the government of the Ukrainian National Republic (UNR) and the Hetman government pursued liberal policies toward Ukraine's national minorities. In July 1917, 25 percent of the seats in the Central Rada were allocated to three of Ukraine's principal minorities, the Russians, Jews, and Poles. Those groups were also represented in the General Secretariat of the Central Rada and all UNR ministries. All laws promulgated by the Central Rada were published in the languages of those minorities. The Third Universal of the Central Rada recognized the rights of national minorities to free national and cultural development. A statute granting national-personal autonomy was adopted on 22 January 1918 and later incorporated into the Constitution of the Ukrainian National Republic. The turbulent periods of the Revolution of 1917 and the Ukrainian-Soviet War, 1917–21 allowed for only a partial implementation of such rights. The Jewish and Polish national minorities managed to organize their own briefly functioning national conventions and secretariats. The Russians in Ukraine, however, refused to recognize Ukrainian independence and resisted the idea that they were a national minority. Under the Hetman government they tried to reassert their dominance. The chaos of 1919–20, which resulted in pogroms against Jewish communities, did much to cloud the positive record of 1917–18.
The Western Ukrainian National Republic of 1918–19 also adopted legislation guaranteeing the free development of its national minorities and the protection of their educational and cultural institutions.
With the consolidation of Soviet Ukraine in 1920, Ukrainians formally ceased to be a national minority there. In practice, however, until the mid-1920s they were treated as such in the Bolsheviks' nationality policy. From the mid-1920s on, after the adoption of Ukrainization policies, the designation of national minority in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was applied to non-Ukrainians. According to the 1926 Soviet census the minorities numbered 5.4 million, or 19.2 percent of the total population of the republic. Russians constituted the largest group (2.3 million, or 8.4 percent of the population); they were followed by Jews (1.6 million, or 5.6 percent), Poles (461,000, or 1.6 percent), Germans (376,000, or 1.3 percent), and Romanians (258,000, or 0.9 percent).
Soviet policies toward national minorities in Ukraine at first focused on propaganda and the organization of support for the regime among the groups. Bureaus or sections of the CC CP(B)U and gubernial Party committees were established to carry out propaganda in Yiddish, Polish, German, and Romanian. The Central Commission on National Minorities of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee was created and was charged with ensuring the economic, cultural, and educational development of the national minorities, and with publishing propaganda in the minority languages. The People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs and the People's Commissariat of Education established national-minority sections or bureaus at the central and local level. Newspapers and journals were published in the minority languages. Areas where minorities lived in compact settlements and represented a sizable proportion of the population were designated national raions and allowed to have organs of local self-government that functioned in the minority languages. Prior to 1930 there were 9 Russian national raions, 7 German, 3 Bulgarian, 3 Greek, 3 Jewish, and 1 Polish. In addition, the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, where Moldavians (Romanians) constituted 30.1 percent of the total population, was created within Soviet Ukraine's boundaries in 1924. Outside the territories of the national raions, 1,097 national-minority soviets were created: 450 Russian (41 urban), 254 German, 156 Jewish (68 urban), 151 Polish, 14 Moldavian (outside the Moldavian ASSR), 12 Czech, 4 Belarusian, and 3 Albanian. There were also 28 courts where proceedings were held in various minority languages. In 1927, 2,616 of 18,412 elementary schools in Soviet Ukraine were minority-language schools: 1,310 were Russian, 496 German, 393 Jewish (Yiddish), 281 Polish, 69 Moldavian, and 44 Bulgarian; 23 other schools taught in the languages of other minorities. Soviet Ukraine's book publishing industry also serviced the needs of minorities: in 1928, for example, out of 5,695 books published, 2,216 were in Russian, 96 in Yiddish, 77 in German, 50 in Polish, 38 in Bulgarian, and 12 in other languages.
The 1929 Constitution of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic guaranteed national minorities their own raions and rural soviets, the right to use their native language, and protection against discrimination.
In the 1930s, after the liquidation of the achievements of Ukrainization and during the Stalinist terror and offensive against Ukrainian cultural development, the rights of national minorities, except the Russians, were also violated. Their raions and village soviets were abolished, restrictions were placed on the publication of newspapers and books in minority languages and on the school network, and the staffs of cultural and educational institutions serving the needs of the national minorities were purged. Institutions serving the Russian minority, however, were greatly expanded, and the Russians in Ukraine ceased to be considered a national minority and became a privileged group vis-à-vis the Ukrainian majority.
As a consequence of the Second World War and the incorporation of Western Ukraine into the Ukrainian SSR, the national composition of Ukraine changed dramatically. Most of the Jewish population had been annihilated during the Nazi occupation and Holocaust, Germans and Crimean Tatars were deported to the east by the Soviets, and many Poles were repatriated to Poland after the war (see Repatriation). At the same time new significant minorities (eg, the Hungarians) emerged. In the postwar period Russification was accelerated, and Russian became the dominant language, in the bureaucracy, mass media, and education, especially in urban centers. National minorities were encouraged to assimilate into Russian culture and were, as a rule, denied their own schools, newspapers, and theaters. Only schools for Hungarians, Romanians, and Poles living in areas bordering on their home country were maintained, for purposes of foreign policy. In 1962 there were 144 Romanian (Moldavian) schools (with 31,700 pupils), 96 Hungarian schools (20,100 pupils), and 3 Polish schools (6,000 pupils) in those areas.
The growth of the Ukrainian national movement and democratization of Ukrainian society that began in the late 1980s resulted in a new emphasis on minority rights. The Popular Movement of Ukraine (Rukh) and other democratic Ukrainian organizations actively campaigned in their favor, and new freedoms allowed national minorities to establish their own organizations, publications, schools, and theaters.
Sizable Ukrainian minorities lived in the Russian Empire and in the USSR outside the boundaries of Ukraine. In the 1920s, during Ukrainization, the authorities tried to serve the cultural and educational needs of those communities. Ukrainian schools and institutions were established in the Kuban, Slobidska Ukraine, and even the Soviet Far East, and national communist leaders, such as Oleksander Shumsky and Mykola Skrypnyk, demanded protection of the national and cultural rights of Ukrainians living outside the republic. The Stalinist offensive against Ukrainian culture begun in 1933 resulted in the total liquidation of all Ukrainian institutions in the USSR outside Soviet Ukraine. Consequently, until the late 1980s, Ukrainians living in the USSR outside Ukraine (5.1 million in 1959, 5.9 million in 1979, 6.8 million in 1989 [Volodymyr Kubijovyč estimated the figure to be 8 million]) had no community infrastructures of any kind. In 1988–9, however, in connection with the general changes occurring in the USSR, those Ukrainian minorities began organizing their own community organizations. Among the most active are those in Lithuania and Moscow. Moscow's Slavutych club launched a campaign to organize the sizable Ukrainian minority living in the RSFSR. Throughout 1989 and 1990 many new Ukrainian periodicals were established by the organizations, and Ukrainian-language instruction was begun in several centers, including ones in the Far East. The organizations campaigned, with little success, for public policies to protect the rights of national minorities.
Natsional'ni menshosti Radians'koï Ukraïny (Kyiv 1931)
Janowsky, O. Nationalities and National Minorities (with Special Reference to East-Central Europe) (New York 1945)
Horak, S. Poland and Her National Minorities, 1919–39: A Case Study (New York 1961)
Chyrko, B. 'Natsional'ni menshosti na Ukraïni v 20–30-kh rr.,' UIZh, 1990, no. 1
———. Do istoriï mizhnatsional'nykh protsesiv na Ukraïni,' UIZh, 1990, nos 6, 8, 11; 1991, nos 1–2
Hontar, O. 'Deiaki pytannia mizhnatsional'nykh vidnosyn na Ukraïni v 20-tykh rokakh,' UIZh, 1991, no. 7
Bohdan Krawchenko, Vasyl Markus
[This article originally appeared in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 3 (1993).]
List of related links from Encyclopedia of Ukraine pointing to National minorities entry:
1 All-Russian Constituent Assembly 2 All-Ukrainian Council of Workers' Deputies 3 Autonomy 4 Baudouin de Courtenay, Jan 5 Belarus 6 Central Rada 7 Class 8 Constituent Assembly of Ukraine 9 Constitution of the Ukrainian National Republic 10 Council of National Ministers of the Ukrainian National Republic 11 Diet of Carpatho-Ukraine 12 Dissident movement 13 Duma, State 14 Ethnic minorities 15 Ethnographic Commission of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences 16 Folklore 17 General Secretariat of the Central Rada 18 Goldelman, Solomon 19 History of Ukraine 20 Hungary