Climate change is in the forefront of the agricultural community. Current predictions on crop and animal performance are based on research literature and accepted understanding of the current biological systems. At present, published research is one the few options available to policy makers and producers alike to predict the potential impacts of climate change over the next 30 years. Many of these issues are extremely complex and cannot be evaluated in the field because of not only this complexity, but also because the changes will be gradual. In addition, the magnitude of these changes is uncertain and difficult to predict, especially at the local scale. Also masking some of the overall changes are the large variabilities that exist within the climate system with often large inter-annual changes.
USDAs regional hubs will deliver science-based knowledge and practical information to farmers, ranchers and forest landowners within each region of the US to support decision-making related to climate change. These hubs are needed to maintain and strengthen agricultural production, natural resource management, and rural economic development under increasing climate variability. The Hubs will build capacity within USDA to deliver information and guidance on technologies and risk management practices at regional and local scales.
NOAA and USDA have recently renegotiated a Memorandum of Understanding to work together on climate and agriculture issues as a result of the 2012 drought. Members of the committee had an opportunity to engage in this discussion and comment on the MOU.
The current committee members as state climatologists and applied climate researchers are well positioned to engage in both of these activities, the USDA Climate Hubs and the NOAA-USDA interaction. Because of the cross-disciplinary efforts of this committee for many years, the members are positioned to engage well in these activities.
A range of climate scenarios exist that attempt to describe how the climate will change over the next three to four decades (Backlund et al., 2008b). These scenarios vary in basic interpretation, but all tend to predict increased temperatures in the range of 1 to 2°C for most of the Great Plains and Midwest. The current literature is replete with results regarding the impact of temperature or drought on crop performance, but seldom are the two evaluated simultaneously and few research frameworks exist that allow for climate changes to be evaluated on a large scale, both geographically and temporally. The recent release of the latest National Climate Assessment concurs with the general trend over the Corn Belt and Plains regions.
Numerous groups have sought to evaluate the impact of climate change on crop performance and the subsequent impacts that this may have on global food, fiber and fuel supplies. Hatfield et al. (2008) indicated that high night temperatures will reduce crop yields as a result of higher respiration requirements and carbon loss. Higher temperatures are also likely to cause more rapid crop development which may result in lower yields by shortening the grain filling period (Muchow, 1990). In fact, Lobell and Asner (2003) predict a 17 percent yield reduction in corn and soybean yield for each 1°C increase in air temperatures when temperature effect was confounded with rainfall limitation. However, when the effect of rainfall deficit was accounted for separately, then Lobell and Field (2007) reported a smaller 8.3% reduction in corn yield and a 1.3% decline in soybean yield per 1ºC rise in temperature. Backlund et al. (2008) also predict that precipitation variability will increase along with the increased incidence of heat waves. This rainfall pattern will likely result in longer periods of water stress followed by intense rainfall events. Wolfe et al. (2008) estimate that crops in the Northeast US will experience higher frequency of temperature stress, perennial crops will have inadequate chilling in the winter and all crops will be exposed to increase pest and weed pressure. Crop, soil, pest, and economic models that are used singularly or simultaneously exist in systems that can rapidly test the impacts of drought and temperature stress on crop species.
Corn yields are currently increasing at a rate of approximately 95 kg ha-1 year-1. Recent trends in yields over the last four years have seen below trend yields occurring in the corn belt as a whole because of combinations of droughts, extreme heat and late planting because of wet spring conditions. Predictions suggest that because of increased night temperatures and greater incidence of water stress, this trend will decline to little or no annual improvement. Such predictions assume that plant adaptation, both natural and through human interaction (breeding), will not occur as climate change is occurring. Evaluating the impact of a breeding program, which may focus on performance under high temperatures, is difficult with current field and growth chamber technology, because most controlled environment systems, like SPAR or FACE, are too small to allow for germplasm evaluation or traditional breeding techniques (Hatfield et al., 2008). Crop models exist in systems that can rapidly test the impacts of improved drought or temperature tolerance on crop productivity as climate change occurs or they can be used to provide plant breeders with areas of focus to address this challenge.
Along with increased variability in precipitation, it has been predicted that total rainfall amounts in the Midwest and Great Plains will be reduced approximately 10% with a shift toward more precipitation being received during the winter months and less during the summer months (Backlund et al., 2008). Increased precipitation variability will increase the risk associated with crop production through longer periods of drought and higher intensity thunderstorms. These events result in lower yields as well as greater opportunities for soil erosion and crop damage from hail and damaging winds. Increased intensity of heavy rainfall events will continue to cause excess run-off, flooding and increased soil erosion.
Soil organic matter levels affect water infiltration rates, soil water holding capacity (Hudson, 1994), crop productivity, and is a regarded as one of the primary measures of soil quality. Increases in temperatures, reduced crop productivity and increased soil water deficits (because of increased precipitation variability) could reduce soil organic matter levels if management practices such as reduced tillage and the use of cover crops are not adopted. The effects of reduced tillage and the use of cover crops [cite] are well documented as methods of increasing soil organic matter, but the effects of increased temperatures and reduced soil water content are not and will be difficult to assess with current field and growth chamber techniques and technology. Integrated or coupled crop, soil, and economic models can be deployed to address these problems. The advantage of a modeling approach is the range of treatments that can be tested is nearly unlimited and is only constrained by the model functionality.
A great deal of focus has been placed on the impacts that increased temperatures and precipitation variability may have on crop productivity. However, these climate scenarios may equally affect disease, insect and weed pests. Increased temperatures will likely alter insect, disease and weed lifecycles as well. Recent research has illustrated that some weed species require greater quantities of herbicide to control them when CO2 increases (Ziska et al., 1999). However the change for many pests can be positive, negative or neutral depending on the local environment change (Coakley et al., 1999). The impact is even more complicated since climate change not only affects the pest response, but equally affects the host response to disease and insect attack (Garrett et al., 2006). Until climate change scenarios can be down-scaled to the level where pest impact can be modeled and assessed, uncertainty will remain (Seem, 2004).
To complicate the challenges associated with climate change, the Renewable Fuel Standard Program mandate to quadruple bioenergy contributions to the U.S. fuel supply by 2010 (U.S. Dep. of Energy, 2007; http://www.epa.gov/oms/renewablefuels/). Biofuel production has many production challenges, but protecting soil and water simultaneously is also important to society as a whole. Many agricultural practices developed over the past decade (nutrient and manure management, cropping systems, reduced tillage systems) have made great strides in improving and protecting soil and water resources that benefit the general public as well as the crop producer. However, if pressure to remove residue from production fields to produce bioenergy is not properly balanced, then these soil quality gains could be lost along with soil through erosion and water quality through impairments via runoff. Developing crop management systems that provide bioenergy feedstocks while protecting soil and water resources will be difficult to study in the field because runoff studies require large watersheds, numerous locations and many years to encompass a wide range of environments. These types of studies require a large amount of financial support and will span five to ten years before tangible results will be available. Once again, integrated models can address these questions rapidly and can evaluate a larger number of treatments than field experiments. Coupled or integrated crop, soil and economic models are poised to address questions that may arise because of expected climate change.
Other questions related to bioenergy production include the most appropriate species to be produced at a given location and the evaluation of perennial, annual or mixed cropping systems to address the needs of the bioenergy industry. Perennial crops have the advantage that after establishment, annual production costs and energy requirements are lower than annual crops. Traditional perennial grass production has largely occurred in marginal areas, which means that there is not a clear understanding of their production potential if grown in higher production environments (i.e. switchgrass on deep silt loam soils or under irrigation). It would be within the framework of the existing databases and crop models to evaluate switchgrass or other perennial crops both spatially and temporally across the ten-state region.
The advantage of annual crop systems for bioenergy production is they allow producers flexibility to respond to the food, fiber and fuel needs of society rapidly. It is conceivable that future bioenergy systems that adequately balance food and fuel needs while simultaneously protecting soil and water resources will include both food and fuel crops with the use of cover crops during fallow periods to reduce the negative impacts of annual crop production. Developing such a system can be easily evaluated with integrated models across a wide range of environments and soils types (Hoogenboom et al., 2004).
Earlier iterations of this committee, (North Central Regional Committee 1018) have not only developed a spatial-temporal database of soils, weather, and crop information for the ten north central states, it has developed a research model that can easily be replicated in other regions of the U.S. or the world. The methodologies used to aggregate these data to a county resolution could be applied to other regions to develop similar databases. The system also has the ability to create input files for use in integrated crop-soil-environment suites such as the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT; Hoogenboom et al., 2004), but also has lower level soil and crop simulation models programmed within the Modeling Applications Integrated Framework (MASIF) database at the Computational Ecology and Visualization Laboratory at Michigan State University. The future plans are to use the existing measured weather data to develop climate change scenarios which will add a new suite of capabilities to this system that can aid in answering production, economic and policy oriented questions.
In addition several current NC-1179 members run state networks through then own auspices ranging from the Pacific Northwest, to the Plains and Corn Belt. These networks have been developed to enhance monitoring and forecasting for disease, insect and irrigation applications. The networks also provide a unique ability for cooperation on monitoring lesser-noted atmospheric data such as humidity, wind, soil temperature and soil moisture. In some cases these stations provide the only data available in regions. Collaboration among the members will allow for better development and monitoring of changes and variability in these additional types of data. Long term data sets for temperature and precipitation at higher spatial density (roughly county level), but are not available for the other data sets. The continuing monitoring of these types of data in their states will continue to show the trends and variability existing in these data. The existence of these state networks was the basis for a soil moisture and snow monitoring proposal for the Upper Missouri Basin which is currently part of a WRDA (Water Resources Development Act S.R 601) which passed out of the Senate in the spring of 2013. The committee also has a long history of developing new and innovative measurement standards, data manipulation and quality control methods.
Most climate change scenario predictions are at very large scales (several 1000 km2); however, the NC-94/1018 database has a county level spatial resolution. It has an existing temporal resolution of 30 year with the tools and templates in place to expand temporally as more data is measured. The importance of these data is they first can serve as baseline for measured data comparisons over the next 30 to 40 years AND can serve as a baseline from which to develop climatologies from the climate change model predictions. An integrated modeling approach is needed in order to develop effective policies, management programs that secure our food, fuel, and fiber supply as well as protect our natural resources. Often these systems need to be evaluated simultaneously for the biological, agronomic, ecologic and economic impacts. Since all of these variables are intertwined, one model type (crop model, soil model, etc) will seldom accomplish -the objectives set forth here. The scientists who participate in NC-1018 encompass a wide range of disciplines and include crop modelers, soil scientists, climatologists, and agricultural economists. This integrated team has the capabilities to address all of the issues described above and objectives stated below through large scale, integrated modeling efforts.
The committee is also well positioned in working with currently-funded USDA and NOAA grants to develop tools for producers. These projects include the AFRI-funded (U2U) Useful to Usable Project developing tools for producers in the Corn Belt, the Corn CAP, working on climate change issues and tools in the Corn Belt and the NOAA Regional Integrated Sciences Assessment -The Southeast Climate Consortium. Six state climatologists are also involved. All are using climate information to help develop decision-making in agriculture in some form to help users make decisions. These tool applications are excellent methods of connected current research to tools and applications for producers.
The current NCR committee, NC-1179, and its predecessors NC-1018/NC-94, have been in existence for nearly 60 years working on research activities related to the role of weather and climate on agriculture in the North Central Region and other member states. The committee has helped move forward several major agro-climatological innovations, including some of the first successful efforts to collect and electronically enter data for agroclimatological studies and as well as proposing and championing the formation of regional climate centers which have now successfully provided data to the general public and performed research activities on regional climate for almost 30 years. They have also conducted research activities on regional climate and its impact on agricultural production and resource use. Over the course of this past reassignment, the committee has been responsible for the publication of over 80 scientific publications to communicate and disseminate their efforts. The committee has also expanded to increase coverage with representatives from across the country.
The scientists in the group have experience in analyzing large scale climate data and potential climate change scenarios. Growing season precipitation variations in central and western U.S. have been examined and found that the interannual variations in summer rainfall in these regions have been strongly influenced by the SST anomalies associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (Hu et al,, 2008; Feng et al., 2008; Feng and Hu, 2007; Feng and Hu, 2008).
Data collection remains a responsibility of many member of NC-1179. Over the past five years, the weather station networks have expanded in North Dakota, Michigan, South Dakota, Kansas, Nebraska and Washington and Missouri. However, a more significant accomplishment has been the development of web sites to deliver the information to clientele. Web sites are available for data retrieval from North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas. All of these web sites enable users to down load raw data, but many have weather-related products that are also available. These include advisories for planting, pest control and irrigation scheduling routines that use measured weather data to assist clientele in their daily lives. These networks have proved especially useful in K-12 education programs where students can monitor the local weather and climate conditions to learn more about the world around them. The committee members as state climatologists and climate scientists have expanded to discuss climate change to general audiences and deliver appropriate climate change information to those audiences particularly about agricultural impacts.
Many members of the committee have been involved in a USDA AFRI funded project U2U which has sought to take various available climatological datasets and develop and evaluate tools (http://www.agclimate4u.org). This has expanded the efforts of the regional committee and state climatologists to develop tools and do full evaluations on tools and how users utilize the information in agricultural decision-making. Partial goals of the 5 year project are to continue work from the U2U project in an on-going basis.
This regional committee has a long history of collecting and aggregating spatial and temporal data with regards to crop production, soil physical and chemical properties, and weather variables important to crop growth and development. During the past five years, this group has continued this mission as well as the mission of utilizing these data as inputs for crop, soil and pest models, to analyze crop responses to the environment and to develop risk management tools for crop producers and policy makers.
In coordinating data, four state climate offices representing IL, KY, MI and MO met in Champaign, IL in March 2013 for 1 .5 day regional meeting to discuss technical aspects and feasibility of assimilating weather data from their state mesonets into the Midwestern Regional Climate Centers Applied Climate System (MACS). Initially, each state presented an overview on the operation of their mesonet to the Midwestern Regional Climate Center Director (MRCC), Dr. Beth Hall, and MACS technical staff. A discussion followed on developing a uniform platform for development of a regional mesonet database, including metadata and quality control.
The MRCC identified formatting and other technical requirements for ingesting data, including development of applications using mesonet data. Discussion also extended to developing options for uniform instrumentation and development of one or more test beds for comparing the performance of different sensors used by various mesonets.
Members in the High Plains continue coordination on networks though the High Plains Regional Climate Center and are part of a regional proposal to expand soil moisture monitoring in the Missouri Basin as a pilot project for a national soil moisture network.
Significant progress was made in the simulation of two representative crops growing in the region, corn, and wheat, under historical and projected future climates. The simulations included areas within the region where agricultural activities historically have been limited by climatological and soil constraints, but which could become more favorable for agriculture in the future given a warmer climate. CERES-Maize and CERES-Wheat crop models, part of the Decision Support for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model software system were used for all simulations. Five locations across the Great Lakes region (1 in WI, 3 in MI, and 1 in NY) were chosen for the study on the basis of climatological series record length and homogeneity, as well as geographical coverage across the region and its major land use zones. The study was divided into two major categories; historical and future. In general, mean annual temperatures across the region warmed 2-6°C (relative to the 1990-2009 period) in the ensemble of projected future time series by the 2090-2099 decade. Projected annual precipitation totals in the ensembles generally remained in a range between 70-140 percent of the control period totals, with a slight overall average increase by the 2090-2099 decade. Regionally, low precipitation and moisture stress were chief limitations to simulated crop yields during the historical period. Simulated corn and wheat yield series were found to increase with time since the late 1930's at most of the study sites, largely the result of wetter, less stressful growing season weather conditions. In the projected future simulations, the warmer climate suggested by the GCMs led to some initial early-century increases in simulated non-CO2 enriched crop yields relative to historical yields. By late in the century, however, relative yield declines were found for most of the projected scenarios. With CO2 enrichment included, increases in simulated wheat yield were noted for most scenarios. Largest percentage increases in yield during 2010-2099 were found at northern locations. The ratios of the future scenarios with and without increases in CO2 concentration suggest that the majority of wheat yield increases during this period are due to CO2 enrichment.
In the analysis we downscaled the present-day control simulations and predictions of future climate in the 21st century from 16 fully coupled atmosphere-ocean models included in the IPCC AR4 from the models grid resolutions to a 1/8 degree grid system. This statistically-downscaled dataset covers the continental U.S. for the period from 1950 to 2099. The predictions of future climate were made with low, median and high greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SRES B1, A1b, and A2). Using the downscaled temperature and precipitation data we calculated the PDSI and used it to evaluate the drought variability. Major results suggest that the High Plains will become drier in the future warmer climate. Significant increases in drought intensity and durations are projected for this region. An article on the changes in drought variability in the continental U.S. is currently in preparation. We modified a hybrid soil temperature model by combining empirical and mechanistic approaches, and evaluated the model in an agroecosystem and also a tallgrass prairie in the Great Plains. This model simulated soil temperatures on a daily basis from meteorological inputs of maximum and minimum air temperatures and soil and plant properties. The agroecosystem consisted of a no-till corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max Merr. (L)) rotation system. In the agroecosystem, the root mean square error of the modified model simulation varied from 1.41 to 2.05 oC for the four depths of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 m beneath the surface. The mean absolute error varied from 1.06 to 1.53 oC. The root mean square error and mean absolute error of the modified model were about 0.1-0.3 oC less than the original model at the 0.2-0.5m depths. For the tallgrass prairie, the mean absolute errors of the simulated soil temperatures were slightly greater than the agroecosystem varying from 1.48-1.7 oC for all years and from 1.09-1.37 oC during the active growing seasons for all years. Advantages of this model are its relative simplicity using readily available daily temperature data. The new model can be incorporated into a larger crop model where soil temperatures are required. Given the applied nature of this hybrid model, it would be well suited to simulate soil temperatures in the first 50 cm of soil over a vegetated surface for processes related to soil respiration, soil organic matter decomposition and soil-borne pests.
Increased crop production and expansion of irrigated acreage in the USA have increased agricultural water use during the past two decades. To optimize irrigation water use, it is important to know when to irrigate and how much water should be applied. We evaluated the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CERES-Maize model with measured data for the amount of water required for supplemental irrigation. Then both monthly and annual water demand for maize was determined for each county. The results from the evaluation showed that the model was able to simulate the amount of water required for maize irrigation in good agreement with the observed data. This demonstrated the potential application of the CSM-CERES-Maize model as a tool for estimating water demand for irrigation. The estimated water requirements for supplemental irrigation can be used by both policy makers and local farmers for planning the amount of water required for supplemental irrigation as well as for improvements in irrigation management for water conservation.
The history of this group began with data collection and archiving. The use of the archived data was later added as an additional focus for the group, but continuing to collect and archive data remains one of the objectives for this group and their methods have also evolved. Improving existing data sets (Nelson et al., 2005) or improving the accuracy of soil input data (Gijsman et al., 2007; Gunal and Ransom, 2006 a and b; Karlstrom et al., 2007; Olson et al., 2005 a and b; and Staggenborg et al., 2007) and weather data estimations (Bannayan and Hoogenboom, 2008 a and b; Garcia y Garcia et al., 2005; Garcia y Garcia et al., 2008; Garcia y Garcia and Hoogenboom. 2005; Shank et al., 2008a and b; Soltani and Hoogenboom, 2007; White et al., 2007) continue to be a focus of this group. These techniques will be useful in developing the daily climates based on climate change scenarios. Data collection methods continue to be evaluated to improve model input data available, its quality and resolution (Alfieri et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2007). In more recent years, socioeconomic data were included in the NC 94/1018 database so that temporal impacts of crop yield fluctuations can be evaluated for their impacts on farm size, number and profitability.
Crop based food, fiber, and fuel production is determined by human manipulation of the crop-soil-environment interaction, which is often referred to as crop management . Decades of field research have been dedicated to studying this complex interaction as a means to maximize natural resource use efficiency. This approach will also be important in studying the impact of expected climate change over the next decade. In recent years, biological models have matured to levels capable of being important tools in this research area (Staggenborg and Vanderlip, 2005). In the past five years, the many efforts by NC-1018 have focused in the area of crop-soil-environment interaction. The current NC-94/1018 database was used to asses the impact of climatic factors on crop productivity and yield trends across the region (Todey and Shukla, 2005; Staggenborg et al., 2008). Attempts have been made to predict the impact of drought and frost events on crop production (Boken et al., 2007; Lopez-Cedron et al., 2005, 2008; Jain et al., 2006; Prabhakaran and Hoogenboom, 2008; Sau et al., 2004; Smith et al., 2006) as well as the effects of management decisions on yields of maize (Fang et al., 2008; Tojo Soler et al., 2007), sweet corn (Lizaso et al., 2007), pearl millet (Tojo Soler et al., 2007), peanut (Dangthaisong et al., 2006), and grain sorghum (Staggenborg et al., 2008). Models have also been used in crop improvement and plant breeding programs (Anothai et al., 2008; Boote et al., 2003; Suriharn et al., 2007; White and Hoogenboom, 2005).
More recently, crop models have been used to assess yield risk that results from year to year crop yield fluctuations, an important tool in the face of increased uncertainty as a result of global warming. Deng et al. (2008) used crop models to develop crop indices for alternative crops and crop models have been used to evaluate the risk associated with irrigation (Lin et al., 2008). Crop models have been used to evaluate yield stability has been evaluated (Banterng et al., 2006; Garcia y Garcia et al., 2006) and if forecast information can be used as a risk management tool. (Fraisse et al., 2006). Results from these efforts pave the way for continued assessment of crop responses to climate change with the use of crop models. Other efforts in this area include evaluating the impacts of estimated weather variables (Garcia y Garcia et al., 2005; Garcia y Garcia et al., 2008; Garcia y Garcia and Hoogenboom, 2005; Shank et al., 2008a and b; White et al., 2007) and other potential climate impacts such as increased aerosols (Greenwald et al., 2006) and increased CO2 levels (Heinemann et al., 2006).
As climate change unfolds, crop simulation models will assist producers in altering their crop management practices to maintain crop productivity and profitability. Crop models will be key in developing these new management systems through crop selection (Mullen et al., 2005; Pathak et al., 2007; White et al., 2007), evaluation of the new management strategy before capital is invested in it adoption (Soltani and Hoogenboom, 2007), the evaluation of integrated production systems (Herrero et al., 2007), and potential land use changes (Ashish et al., 2008) that may occur.
We have completed several projects contributing to system optimization for management of plant pathogens under global change. For example, Garrett et al. (2013) evaluated the effects of climate variability and the color of weather time series on agricultural diseases and pests, and also evaluated the effects of these patterns on the efficacy of decision making for disease management. They also developed a computer program for evaluating the effects of these patterns. Garrett et al. (2012) evaluated the prospects for managing plant health under climate change and proposed new experimental options for designing research spillover from plant genomics to understand the role of microbial communities. Skelsey et al. (in review) have developed a new approach for evaluating climate change impacts in maps of plant disease risk.
In summary, NC-1179 has continued its history of collecting and aggregating spatial and temporal data throughout the region. Other efforts have focused on improving the quality of the data, expanding the data available, and developing new techniques to exploit existing datasets. Modeling efforts continued in the development and evaluation of crop and pest models as well as the development of soil carbon models. One area of new innovation is integration of models from different disciplines. Several outcomes from this group will enable them to provide insight on the impacts of climate change on food, fiber, and fuel production. These outcomes include experience in risk management assessment, new techniques for predicting environmental stresses and the ability to assist producers in managing inputs such as irrigation water and selecting the most appropriate crop for a given scenario to achieve the goals of securing adequate food and fiber supplies. These results will also serve as the framework to expand these efforts to other regions of the U.S. and other regions of the world.
Disseminate the research outcomes and educate stakeholders on the potential effects of climate variability and climate change on agricultural production resource use and adaptation options through cooperation with university extension services, state climate offices and various federal partners.
Enhanced environmental monitoring systems will provide more accurate local weather data.
New variables and climatologies will be developed that will enhance its utility as an input source for crop, soil, economic, and pest models.
(2016): Incorporate new variables into models that forecast disease, insect, weed and other stresses. Deliver information form new tools and modeled data at various workshops Gather evaluation information from workshops to feed further tool development Evaluation and comparison of modeled crop responses to environmental stress and responses to predicted climate change.
(2018): Evaluation and comparison of modeled crop responses to environmental stress and responses to predicted climate change. Evaluation of the socioeconomic responses to crop production systems in the region and the change dynamics that impact where people live and work.
Several members of the committee are state climatologists (in large agricultural states) or have extension appointments which demand significant outreach as part of their appointments. Inclusion of these results will be done through individual outreach work by each member is his or her state as part of their local work. On a wider-spread regional basis, we will utilize several outreach efforts.
A new NC-1179 web site will be developed to update existing databases and illustrate new tools and forecast methods. This web site will link with web sites developed for the AFRI-funded U2U  Useful to Usable (http://www.agclimate4u.org) and Corn Systems CAP (http://www.sustainablecorn.org) which include some related efforts.
We will develop new extension fact sheets based on new forecast and tools. All members will publish in appropriate journals in the agriculture and climate communities.
Outreach efforts will also be coordinated with the new USDA Climate Hubs in appropriate regions and existing outreach efforts among the state climatologists, NOAA, NOAA Regional Climate Centers and the National Drought Mitigation Center on monthly climate outlook webinars and quarterly climate update publications.
The recommended Standard Governance for multistate research activities include the election of a Chair, a Chair-elect, and a Secretary. All officers are to be elected for at least two-year terms to provide continuity. Administrative guidance will be provided by an assigned Administrative Advisor and a CSREES Representative.
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Ziska, L.H., J.R. Teasdale, and J.A. Bunce, 1999: Future atmospheric carbon dioxide may increase tolerance to glyphosate. Weed Sci, 47, 608-615.
Abrahamson, D.A., D.E. Radcliffe, J.L. Steiner, M.L. Cabrera, D.M. Endale and G. Hoogenboom. 2006. Evaluation of the RZWQM for simulating tile drainage and leached nitrate in the Georgia Piedmont. Agronomy Journal 98(3):644-654.
Alfieri J G, D. Niyogi, M. A. LeMone, F. Chen, S. Fall, 2007, A Simple Reclassification Method for Correcting Uncertainty in Land Use/Land Cover Datasets Used with Land Surface Models, Pure and Applied Geophysics (Invited), 164, 1789 - 1809. DOI 10.1007/a00024-007-0241-4.
Ashish, D., G. Hoogenboom, and R.W. McClendon. 2008. Land-use classification of mutispectral aerial images using artificial neural networks. International Journal of Remote Sensing. (Accepted for publication).
Bannayan, M., and G. Hoogenboom. 2008a. Predicting realizations of daily weather data for climate forecasts using the non-parametric nearest-neighbor re-sampling technique. International Journal of Climatology 28(10):1357-1368.
Bannayan, M., and G. Hoogenboom. 2008b. Weather Analogue: A tool for lead time prediction of daily weather data realizations based on a modified k-Nearest Neighbor approach. Environmental Modeling 23(6):703-713.
Boote, K. J., J. W. Jones, W. D. Batchelor, E. D. Nafziger, and O. Myers. 2003. Genetic coefficients in the CROPGRO-soybean model: Links to field performance and genomics. Agron. J. 95: 32-51.
Bostick, W.M., V.B. Bado, A. Bationo, C. Tojo Soler, G. Hoogenboom, and J.W. Jones. 2007. Soil carbon dynamics and crop residue yields of cropping systems in the Northern Guinea Savannah of Burkina Faso. Soil and Tillage Research 93(1):138:151.
Colunga-Garcia M, S Gage, and G Safir. 2005. Development and integration of temporal/spatial information into plant pest and disease forecasting systems. Survey Detection & Identification & Biological Control National Science Program/Center for Plant Health Science & Technology Annual Report 2004. p. 9-12.
Colunga-Garcia M., P.R. Grace, S.H. Gage, G.P. Robertson, G.R. Safir. 2005. Urbanization and its Impact on the Carbon Sequestration Potential of Agroecosystems in the North Central Region. Third USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases & Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry, March 21 - 24, 2005, Baltimore, MD.
Dangthaisong, P., P. Banterng, S. Jogloy, N. Vorasoot, A. Patanothai and G. Hoogenboom. 2006. Evaluation of the CSM-CROPGRO-Peanut model in simulating responses of two peanut cultivars to different moisture regimes. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 5(6):913-922.
Deng, X., B.J. Barnett, G. Hoogenboom, Y. Yu, and A. Garcia y Garcia. 2008. Alternative crop insurance indices. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 40(1): 223-237.
Feng, S., R. Oglesby, C. Rowe, D. Loope, and Q. Hu, 2008: Pacific and Atlantic SST influences on Medieval drought in North America simulated by Community Atmospheric Model. J. Geophys. Res. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D11101, doi:10.1029/2007JD009347.
Feng, S, and Q. Hu, 2008: How the North Atlantic multidecadal oscillation may have influenced the Indian summer monsoon during the past two millennia. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L01707, doi:10.1029/2007GL032484.
Feng, S., and Q. Hu, 2007: Changes in winter snowfall/precipitation ratio in the contiguous United States. J. Geophys. Res. 112, D15109, doi:10.1029/2007JD008397.
Fraisse, C.W., N.E. Breuer, D.Zierden, J.G. Bellow, J. Paz, V.E. Cabrera, A. Garcia y Garcia, K.T. Ingram, U. Hatch, G. Hoogenboom, J.W. Jones and JJ. O'Brien. 2006. AgClimate: A climate forecast information system for agricultural risk management in the southeastern USA. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 53(1):13-27.
Gage, S.H., M. Colunga-Garcia, P.R. Grace, H. Yang, G.R. Safir, G.P. Robertson, A. Shortridge, A Prasla, A. Ali, S. Del Grosso, P. Wilkins, S. Rowshan. 2005. A Modeling Application Integrative Framework for Regional Simulation of Crop Productivity, Carbon Sequestration and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Third USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases & Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry, March 21 - 24, 2005, Baltimore, MD.
Gijsman A. J., G. Hoogenboom, W. J. Parton, and P. C. Kerridge. 2002. Modifying DSSAT crop models for low-input agricultural systems using a soil organic matter-residue module from CENTURY. Agron. J. 94:462-474.
Grace, P.R., M. Colunga-Garcia, S.H. Gage, G.R. Safir, G.P. Robertson. 2005. The potential impact of climate change on North Central Regions soil organic carbon resources. Ecosystems.
Grace, P.R., S.H. Gage, M. Colunga-Garcia, G.P. Robertson, G.R. Safir. 2005. Maximizing Net Carbon Sequestration in Agroecosystems of the North Central Region. Third USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases & Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry, March 21 - 24, 2005, Baltimore, MD.
Grant, R.H. and W. Gao. 2006. Distribution of diffuse UV-B radiation in a maize canopy. 17th Conf. on Biometeorol. and Aerobiology, Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
Grant, R.H. and J.R. Slusser. 2005. Estimation of ultraviolet-A irradiance from measurements of 368-nm spectral irradiance. J. Atmos. & Ocean. Technology 22: 2853-2863.
Grant, R.H. and J.R. Slusser. 2005. The measurement and modeling of broadband UV-A irradiance. In: G. Bernhard, J.R. Slusser, J.R. Herman and W. Gao, Eds., Symposium on UV Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Model, and Effects V, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 5886.
Green, M., Wang, D., Murphy, M., and J. Almendinger. 2005. Sensitivity of simulated stream water N and P concentrations and N:P ratios to precipitation regimes in a central Minnesota watershed. Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract H31B-1302, 2005 AGU winter meeting, San Francisco, CA.
Greenwald, R., M.H. Bergin, J. Xu, D. Cohan, G. Hoogenboom and W.L. Chameides. 2006. The influence of aerosols on crop production: A study using the CERES model. Agricultural Systems 89(2-3):390-413.
Gunal, H., and M.D. Ransom. 2005. Clay mineralogy, specific surface area and micromorphology of polygenetic soils from eastern Kansas. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 51:459-468.
Gunal, H., and M.D. Ransom. 2006. Clay illuviation and calcium carbonate accumulation along a precipitation gradient in Kansas. Catena 68:59-69. Gunal, H., and M.D. Ransom. 2006. Genesis and micromorphology of loess-derived soils from central Kansas. Catena 65:222-236.
Hartley, Paul, DeAnn Presley, and Michel D. Ransom. 2007. Mineralogy of polygenetic soils from the Bluestem Hills of East-Central Kansas, USA. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Heinemann, A.B., A.de H.N. Maia, D. Dourado_Neto, K.T. Ingram and G. Hoogenboom. 2006. Soybean (Glycine Max [L.] Merr.) growth and development response to CO2 enrichment under different temperature regimes. European Journal of Agronomy 24(1):52-61.
Heisler, G., B. Tao, J. Walton, R. Grant, R. Pouyat, I. Yesilonis, D. Nowak, and K. Belt 2006. Land cover influences on below-canopy temperatures in and near Baltimore, MD., In: Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on the Urban Environment, American Meteorological Soc. (In press).
Herrero, M., E. Gonzalez-Estrada, P.K. Thornton, C. Quiros, M.M. Waithaka, R. Ruiz and G. Hoogenboom. 2007. IMPACT- Generic household-level databases and diagnostic tools for integrated crop-livestock analysis. Agricultural Systems 92 (1-3):240-265.
Hoogenboom, G. 2006. Plant/soil interface and climate change: carbon sequestration from the production perspective. In: p. 93-126. [J.S. Bhatti, R. Lal, M. J.. Apps and M.A.. Price, editors] Climate Change and Managed Ecosystems. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida.
Hoogenboom, G., J.W. Jones, P.W. Wilkens, C.H. Porter, W.D. Batchelor, L.A. Hunt, K.J. Boote, U. Singh, O. Uryasev, W.T. Bowen, A.J. Gijsman, A. du Toit, J.W. White, and G.Y. Tsuji. 2004. Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer Version 4.0 [CD-ROM]. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI.
Hosamane. S., 2005. Using National Weather Service forecasts and model output statistics (MOS) to forecast evapotranspiration. Masters Thesis. South Dakota State University. 120pp.
Hu, Q., and S. Feng, 2008: Variation of the North American summer monsoon regimes and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. J. Climate, 21, 2371-2383.
Hu, Q. and S. Feng, 2007: Decadal variation of the southwest U.S. summer monsoon circulation and rainfall in a regional model. J. Climate, 20, 4702-4716.
Isard, S. A., Gage, S.H., Comtois, P. and Russo, J. 2005. Principles of the atmospheric pathway for invasive species applied to soybean rust. BioScience: 851-861.
Jones, J.W., G. Hoogenboom, C.H. Porter, K.J. Boote, W.D. Batchelor, L.A. Hunt, P.W. Wilkens, U. Singh, A.J. Gijsman, and J.T. Ritchie. 2003. DSSAT Cropping System Model. Europ. J. Agron. 18:235-265.
Karlstrom, E.T., Oviatt, C.G., and. Ransom, M.D. 2007. Paleoenvironmental interpretation of multiple soil-loess sequence at Milford Reservoir, northeastern Kansas. Catena 72:113-128. Kim, K.R., Seem. R.C., Park. E.W., Zack, J.W., and Magarey, R.D. 2005 Simulation of grape downy mildew across geographic areas based on mesoscale weather data using supercomputer. Plant Pathol. J. 21:111-118.
Lopez-Cedron, F. X, K. J. Boote, B. Ruiz-Nogueria, and F. Sau. 2005. Testing CERES-Maize versions to estimate maize production in a cool environment. Europ. J. of Agronomy 23: 89-102.
Lopez-Cedron, F. X, K. J. Boote, J. Pineiro, and F. Sau. 2008. Improving the CERES-Maize model ability to simulate water deficit effects on maize production and yield components. Agron. J. 100:296-307.
Ma, L.,G. Hoogenboom, L.R. Ahuja, D.C. Nielsen and J.C. Ascough II. 2005. Evaluation of the RZWQM-CROPGRO Hybrid model for soybean production. Agronomy Journal 97(4):1172-1182.
Magarey, R.D., Russo, J.M., Seem, R.C., and Gadoury, D.M. 2005. Surface wetness duration under controlled environmental conditions. Ag. For. Meterol. 128:111-122.
Mullen, J.D., C. Escalante, G. Hoogenboom and Y. Yu. 2005. Determinants of irrigation farmers crop choice and acreage allocation decisions: Opportunities for extension delivery service. Journal of Extension [on-line] 43(5). Available at http://www.joe.org/joe/2005october/rb3.shtml.
Nelson, B.R., W.F. Krajewski, J.A. Smith, E. Habib and G. Hoogenboom. 2005. Archival precipitation data set for the Mississippi river basin: evaluation. Geophysical Research Letters 32: L19403,doi:10.1029/2005GL023334.
Olson, K.R., T.E. Fenton, N.E. Smeck, R.D. Hammer, M.D. Ransom, C.W. Zanner, R. McLeese, and M.T. Sucik. 2005. Identification, mapping, classification, and interpretation of eroded Mollisols in the U.S. Midwest. Soil Survey Horizons 46:23-35.
Olson, K.R., T.E. Fenton, N.E. Smeck, R.D. Hammer, M.D. Ransom, C.W. Zanner, R. McLeese, and M.T. Sucik. 2005. Proposed modifications of mollic epipedon thickness criteria for eroded conditions and potential impacts on existing soil classifications. Soil Survey Horizons 46:39-47.
Paz, J.O., C.W. Fraisse, L.U. Hatch, A. Garcia y Garcia, L.C. Guerra, O. Uryasev, J.G. Bellow, J.W. Jones, and G. Hoogenboom. 2007. Development of an ENSO-based irrigation decision support tool for peanut production in the southeastern US. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 55(1):28-35.
Prabhakaran, T., and G. Hoogenboom. 2008. Evaluation of the weather research and forecasting model for two frost events. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 64:234-247.
Presley, DeAnn Ricks. 2007. Ph. D. Dissertation. Genesis and spatial distribution of upland soils in east central Kansas. Kansas State Univ.
Presley, DeAnn, Michel D. Ransom, and Paul Hartley. 2007. Mineralogy and stratigraphy of polygenetic soils on different geomorphic surfaces of the Bluestem Hills of East-Central Kansas. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Schmitz, H. and R.H. Grant 2006. Precipitation and dew in soybean canopies: An In depth look at the differences in wetness with canopy height.. 17th Conf. on Biometeorol. and Aerobiology, Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
Seem, R.C. 2004. Forecasting plant disease in a changing climate: A question of scale. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 26:274-283.
Smith, B.A., R.W. McClendon and G. Hoogenboom. 2006. Improving air temperature prediction with artificial neural networks. International Journal of Computational Intelligence 3(3):179-186.
Staggenborg, S.A., M. Carignano, and L. Haag. 2007. Predicting soil pH and buffer pH with a real-time sensor. Agron. J. 99:854-861.
Staggenborg, S.A., W.B. Gordon, K.C. Dhuyvetter. 2007. Grain sorghum and corn comparisons: Yield, economic and environmental responses. Agron. J. (accepted).
Staggenborg, S.A., and R.L. Vanderlip. 2005. Crop simulation models can be used as dryland cropping systems research tools. Agron. J. In Press.
Suleiman, A..A., C.M. Tojo Soler, and G. Hoogenboom. 2007. Evaluation of FAO-56 crop coefficient procedures for deficit irrigation management of cotton in a humid climate. Agricultural Water Management 91(1-3):33-42.
Todey, D.P. and C. Shukla, 2005. Climate factors impacting productivity and yield trends in the Midwest. 15th Annual Conference on Applied Climatology. Savanna, GA. American Meteorological Society.
Tojo Soler, C.M., P.C. Sentelhas, and G. Hoogenboom. 2007 Application of the CSM-CERES-Maize model for planting date evaluation and yield forecasting for maize grown off-season in a subtropical environment. European Journal of Agronomy 27(2-4):165-177.
Tojo Soler, C.M., N. Maman, X. Zhang, S.C. Mason and G. Hoogenboom. 2008. Determining optimum planting dates for pearl millet for two contrasting environments using a modeling approach. Journal of Agricultural Science 146(4):445-459.
White, J.W., K.J. Boote, G. Hoogenboom, and P.G. Jones. 2007. Regression-based evaluation of ecophysiological models. Agronomy Journal 99(2):419-427. White, J.W., and G. Hoogenboom. 2005. Integrated viewing and analysis of phenotypic, genotypic, and environmental data with GenPhEn arrays. European Journal of Agronomy 23:170-182.


text:
Timothy Joseph O'Connor (July 3, 1927 – April 5, 2018) was an American character actor known for his prolific work in television, although he made only a few appearances after the early 1990s. Before moving to California, he lived on an island in the middle of Glen Wild Lake, located in Bloomingdale, New Jersey, 30 miles from Manhattan. O'Connor specialized in playing officials, military men, and police officers.

Career
Some of O'Connor's best-known roles include: Dr. Elias Huer in Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, Jack Boland in General Hospital, and Elliot Carson in Peyton Place. He also had recurring roles on Barnaby Jones and Dynasty and made several appearances on Cannon.

O'Connor's film credits include roles in The Groundstar Conspiracy (1972), Across 110th Street (1972), and Sssssss (1973).

He was a director for The Foothill Theater Company in Nevada City, California, before it closed. O'Connor starred in the 2011 film Dreams Awake (with Buck Rogers in the 25th Century co-star Erin Gray).

Death
O'Connor died of colon cancer at his home in Nevada City, California, aged 90.

Selected filmography

Master Minds (1949) – Hoskins Boy (uncredited)
Gunsmoke (1964-1972, TV Series) – Gideon / Arnie Sprague / Kip Gilman
The Twilight Zone (1963, TV Series, Episode: "On Thursday We Leave for Home") – Colonel Sloane
The Outer Limits (1964, TV Series, Episode: "Moonstone" and "Soldier") - Major Clint Anderson / Paul Tanner
Peyton Place (1965-1968, TV series) - Elliot Carson (series regular)
Incident In San Francisco (1971) – Arthur Andrews
The Failing of Raymond (1971) – Cliff Roeder
Wild in the Sky (1972) – Sen. Bob Recker
The Groundstar Conspiracy (1972) – Frank Gossage
The Streets of San Francisco (1972-1977, TV Series) - Lt. Roy Devitt, SFPD / Frank Maguire
Across 110th Street (1972) – Lt. Hartnett
Columbo (1972, TV Series, Episode: "Double Shock") – Michael Hathaway
Sssssss (1973) – Kogen
The Stranger (1973, TV movie) – Dr. Revere
All in the Family (1975, TV Series, Episode: "Edith's Friend") – Roy Johnson
The Rockford Files (1974, TV series, Episode: "The Dexter Crisis") - Charles Dexter
M*A*S*H (1975-1981, TV Series, Episode: "Of Moose and Men" and "Operation Friendship") – Col. Spiker / Capt. Norman Traeger, M.D.
Columbo (1976, TV Series, Episode: "Old Fashioned Murder") – Edward Lytton
Wonder Woman (1977-1979, TV Series, Episode: "Judgment from Outer Space" and "The Starships are Coming") – Andros / Colonel Robert Elliot
Wheels (1978, TV miniseries) – Hub Hewitson
Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (1979-1981, TV Series, second male lead) – Dr. Elias Huer
Vegas (1981, TV Series, Episode: "Nightmare Come True") – Michael Pierce
The Dukes of Hazzard (1982, TV Series) – Mr. Thackery
Matt Houston (1983, TV Series, Episode: "Fear for Tomorrow") – Dr. Elias Baker
Knight Rider (1983, TV series, Episode: "Brother's Keeper") – Phillip Hunt
The A-Team (1984, TV series, Episode: "Semi-Friendly Persuasion") – Karl Peerson
La Cruz de Iberia (1990) – Block (1986)-Tv.series season 5 episide 6  T.J Hooker-Tim O'Connor (blood sport) playing as a sentor in the role.part 1 and 2 (season5) (episode6)
The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear (1991) – Donald Fenswick
Star Trek: The Next Generation (1992, TV Series, Episode: "The Perfect Mate") – Ambassador Briam
Walker Texas Ranger (1995, TV Series) – Russell Stanley
Dreams Awake (2011) – Ambrose (final film role)

References

External links

1927 births
2018 deaths
Male actors from Chicago
American male film actors
American male television actors
People from Bloomingdale, New Jersey
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Deaths from cancer in California

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
These Are the ONLY Two Foods Ivanka Trump Is Willing to Eat for Breakfast
January 20, 2017, 2:19 PM ET
She hates making decisions first thing in the morning.
By The Feast Staff
It's not clear what Ivanka Trump's presidential ambitions may or may not be in the future, but if she decides to follow in the footsteps of her father, newly inaugurated President Donald J. Trump, she'll need to change the way she feels about decision-making. And there's no better place to start than breakfast.
As Ivanka tells My Morning Routine, she tries to avoid "decision fatigue" by serving only one of two options for breakast. Every morning, she gives her kids a choice between just two things—the same two things every single day—so that the whole decision-making business doesn't get too overwhelming.
So what are the two breakfast options available to the Ivanka Trump household? Greek yogurt with berries, or "fancy oatmeal."
Cast Blog
Mariah Carey Somehow Stays Alive by Eating ONLY 2 Foods
"If they choose oatmeal, I get out all sorts of toppings — chia seeds, berries, flaxseed, goji berries, cinnamon, walnuts, and almonds — and the kids get to 'decorate' their oatmeal," she explains in the interview.
As for that "fatigue" business? "I read once about a phenomenon called 'decision fatigue,'" Ivanka adds. "Essentially, we each have a finite supply of mental energy each day and seemingly mundane, ordinary decisions tap into that reserve."
To avoid tapping into that reserve when it comes to choosing a beverage too, she's got her morning-drink routine dialed in. It also involves only two drinks, and she opts for both every single morning: "A large glass of water with lemon and a big cup of coffee."
12 Celebrities With Incredibly Weird Eating Habits
Why Does President Obama Eat The Same Snack Every Day?
This Is Teddi's Exact Grocery List for Healthy Eating

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Amtrak upgrades Penn Station NY with new passenger info displays
Amtrak is making a major upgrade to the busiest transit hub in America with the launch of a new, state-of-the-art Passenger Information Display System (PIDS) at Penn Station New York. The new PIDS communicates train status, origin and destination stations, boarding gate and other information and features bright, new LCD displays which are easier to read and synchronize audio and visual messaging in the station.
Strategic placement of the new displays, along with modification and eventual removal of some existing monitors — including the large train status board in the center of the concourse — provides customers access to the same information in various locations, allowing more efficient use of space in the main hall.
RELATED: Amtrak launches onboard magazine to enhance customer experience
At either end of the main train hall, large video walls featuring departure information, visual messaging and synchronized station announcements are intended to draw waiting customers away from the center of the room, easing congestion and improving pedestrian circulation. The displays are also capable of broadcasting emergency communications and other customized messages. An additional 38 monitor sets displaying boarding information and station announcements have been or will be installed above the boarding gates on the main concourse, in the Acela Lounge, Rotunda and Amtrak waiting areas.
While Amtrak continues to work with a number of stakeholders to advance the Moynihan Station project, the upgraded PIDS is a near-term improvement that immediately enhances the customer experience. Funding was made possible through Amtrak's ADA stations initiative, but the improvements benefit all customers.
Read more about Amtrak customer service New York passenger information systems Penn Station


Scientific inquiry requires students to use larger order thinking expertise as they be taught science utilizing a fingers-on minds-on method. The next Science experiment is appropriate for kids who're 5th graders or above. This science project is great for middle faculty or highschool. Or you'll be able to google "wind turbine science fair experiment" and you will see different experiments. Know-how is the applying of scientific information for sensible purposes (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary).
As results of the evolving principles and ideas of political science, the original ideas of Plato and Aristotle on authorities and state had fully realized in the systematic examine of political organizations and establishment in the modern time.
Downside-based learning for college students in grades 7-12. And on this article we are going to see the various ways in which science experiments with straws are straightforward methods to learn. There are more than 25 science honest project and experiment web sites listed in LearningReviews Listing of Science Mission Websites A few of the sites have simple experiments for teenagers to carry out at home.
Lecturers and homeschool mother and father could make use of the resources for elementary and middle college college students at Scientific Strategies at There are presentations to use when teaching the scientific method, in addition to printable materials. Drawback based mostly learning may be thought of a type of mission primarily based studying.
Second, if these aims are both explicitly introduced and subsequently reviewed within each lesson, college students grow to be conscious of the separate content and language targets, which may assist them direct and monitor their own studying.


text:
Sport England denies UK Parliament's accusation that it has lost track of £1.05bn in grant funding
Sport England has defended the distribution and tracking of grants against claims from the Public Accounts Committee (PAC). PAC has accused Sport England of losing track of how £1.05bn in grants had been spent since 2016, accounting only for £450m.
PAC has claimed that Sport England had distributed £1.5bn in grants since 2016-17 but has only tracked £450 million given to local authorities. Their £135m initiative, People Places Play, was designed to encourage Olympic and Paralympic sport participation. Sport England has, however, acknowledged a heavy reliance on a national event to increase participation.
According to PAC, the proportion of adults participating in sport once a week declined in the first three years after the Games. The Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport explained a lack of 'progress in tackling inequalities and the barriers to participation' and pointed to active adults only having increased by 1.2% from 2016 to 2019.
Sport England cited post-pandemic activity levels reaching record highs. The recent Active Lives Data shows that despite huge disruptions caused by the pandemic, participation in sport and activity is recovering, and children's activity levels are already back to pre-pandemic levels.
Long-term participation based on the legacy of the Games wasn't tracked after 2015. Sport England developed a new strategy to build grassroots sport and activity, Uniting the Movement and therefore no longer tracked the impact of The Games. This saw 12 community pilots with local partners, which PAC claims have not impacted national numbers.
This comes as the head of the physical activity unit at the World Health Organisation released their recommendations for adult activity and national recovery as a result of the pandemic. Dr Fiona Bull has stressed demonstrating impact as key, not just in health, but for the economy and social and environmental areas.
The Global Status Report on Physical Activity released in 2022 has detailed the cost to the public health system without physical activity. The estimated direct public health savings are US$27bn a year rising to $300bn by 2030 if there was widespread physical activity adoption.
For more information on Sport England's defence of their grant management, see here.


Legislative Assembly for the ACT: 2013 Week 8 Hansard (4 June) . . Page.. 2193..
That leave of absence be granted to Mr Corbell for this sitting day due to ill health.
MR SESELJA (Brindabella) (10.11): The Canberra Liberals will be supporting the Official Visitor Amendment Bill 2013. It fixes a number of flaws in the act which the Seventh Assembly passed, noting that the fix-ups would be required. It noted they would be required because, while the concept was worthwhile, this was a bill that was not well thought out. It was not fully thought through, it contained impracticalities and it prescribed administrative processes that should more properly be dealt with through exactly those administrative processes.
This bill does a number of things. Firstly, it removes terminology around the concept of "inspect"and replaces it with "visit", because "inspecting visitable places"is not what an official visitor does. Official visitors do as their title suggests; they visit visitable places. Naturally, under the act official visitors retain the power to inspect certain records.
Secondly, this bill removes provisions detailing the frequency of visits. It allows this administrative or operational process to be dealt with under operational guidelines, as already provided for in the act, via disallowable instrument. Next, the bill narrows the definition of "visitable place". In essence, "visitable places"are places funded by government, or, in the case of visitable places under the Disability Services Act, wholly or partly government funded. So, for example, private family homes will not be covered.
However, complaints mechanisms remain in place. As part of the encouragement of collaboration between official visitors, this bill also enables official visitors to assist each other, rather than them having to seek out the Public Advocate, as is currently the case.
The most substantive, important and new policy area this bill implements is to establish an official visitor board. This board will facilitate collaboration between, and professional and administrative support for, official visitors. It will not, however, govern the functions for official visitors, thereby preserving their autonomy.


It makes sense to me. Who set it up ?
Let us know once done, I will test.
> > for anyone wanting to start feeding some new changes in.
> Yes, I'm fiddling around with that now.
> - Update cs #2: MonticelloConfigurations-ar.17 changeset.
> (Hmmm, what is in the Unnamed cs in the Squeak3.8-Packages image?
> Projects -> iSqueak -> wiki).
> packages came from.  See attached screenshot.
> it'd be nice to avoid that.


text:
global __modules_a
global __modules_z

bits 64

section .modules$A rdata
__modules_a:

section .modules$Z rdata
__modules_z:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Astronomer, June, and I finally made our way to Koreatown for brunch at Here's Looking At You this past weekend. The restaurant started serving daytime fare last May, and the menu is as solid as ever—all hits, no misses, promise.
While most restaurants don't put too much creativity into their brunch menus, relying on standbys like buttermilk pancakes, eggs Benedict, and Bloody Marys to fuel crowds, chef Jonathan Whitener is bringing fresh ideas and energy to the table.
The first dish to arrive was the whippiest, lightest chicken liver toast ($12). To reel in the richness were Basque peppers and a touch of smoked maple.


Situated @ level 1 Tiong Bahru Plaza beside KFC facing the road is a Shanghainese style restaurant.
People (most of the tables taken up)chatting & eating away. Friendly waiters & waitresses.
Every dishes in the menu looked yummy! We decided to try some of their signature dishes.
The herbal soup is just right. The chicken is soft & tender. Noodle is very Q & smooth. Yummy!
When you put the small dumpling into your mouth. Oooo.. you can just feel the juice of the pork spilling out as you bite it! Oh! It's sensational! Yummy!
so syiok le..you always can eat outside?
Some of their dishes are quite similar to Ding Tai Fung..wah so good can always go makan (pator) with hubby...hehe..


This highly responsive database is one of the most complete lists of Nurses available with Opt-In Emails. The file is generated from State License information and is available with extensive demographic and lifestyle enhancements.
Nurses represent the largest single segment of the health care workforce. They have shown to be very receptive to Email offers and most use the internet on a daily basis to perform a variety of functions, including making purchases. Their certification demands make them a perfect target audience for continuing education, medical publications, seminars as well as uniforms and equipment. Today's ever growing shortage of Nurses also makes them ideal prospects for Recruitment.


D.C. Law Library - Chapter 1A. Continuing Care Retirement Communities.
↪ Chapter 1A. Continuing Care Retirement Communities.
Chapter 1. Assisted Living Residence Regulation.
Chapter 1A. Continuing Care Retirement Communities.
§ 44–151.03. Revocation of license.
§ 44–151.04. Sale or transfer of ownership.
§ 44–151.06. Contract for continuing care; specifications.
§ 44–151.07. Annual disclosure statement revision.
§ 44–151.09. Escrow, collection of deposits.
§ 44–151.10. Right to organization.
§ 44–151.11. Rehabilitation or liquidation.
§ 44–151.12. Investigations and subpoenas.
§ 44–151.13. Examinations; financial statements.
§ 44–151.16. Other licensing or regulation.
§ 44–151.17. Rulemaking authority; reasonable time to comply with rules.
§ 44–151.18. Continuing Care Retirement Community Regulatory and Supervision Trust Account.
(1) "Assisted living" means an assisted living residence as defined in § 44-102.01(4).
(3) "Continuing care facility" means a building, or complex of buildings under one management at one or more sites, if continuing care services are provided.
(4) "Continuing care services" means the continuum of care, ranging from independent living to assisted living to nursing home care, provided pursuant to a contract for the life of the individual purchasing the services or for a period of not less than one year.
(5) "Entrance fee" means a payment that assures a resident a place in a facility for a term of at least a year or for life.
(6) "Hazardous financial condition" means a provider is insolvent or in imminent danger of becoming insolvent.
(7) "Independent living" means an individual residing in a continuing care facility's living unit with no need for specialized health care services beyond general preventative health care.
(8) "Living unit" means a room, apartment, cottage, or other area within a continuing care facility set aside for the exclusive use or control of one or more identified residents.
(9) "Nursing home" means a nursing home as defined in § 44-501(3).
(10) "Provider" means the promoter, developer, or owner, whether a natural person, partnership, or other unincorporated association, however organized, trust, or corporation, whether operated for profit or not, or any other person, that solicits or undertakes to provide continuing care services.
(11) "Resident" means a purchaser of, a nominee of, or a subscriber to, a continuing care contract.
This section is referenced in § 31-1201.
(a) No provider shall engage in the business of offering or providing continuing care in the District without a license from the Department of Insurance, Securities, and Banking indicating that the provider meets the financial requirements under this chapter for engaging in the business of providing continuing care services.
(3) Experienced managers and qualified financial experts associated with the organization who are capable of ensuring the proper operation of the facility.
(c) Each provider shall file with the Commissioner an application for a license on forms prescribed by rule and within a period of time prescribed by rule. The application shall include the disclosure statement meeting the requirements of this chapter and other financial and facility development information required by the rule. The application for a license shall be accompanied by an application fee established by rule.
(d) Upon receipt of the complete application for a license in proper form, the Commissioner shall, within 10 business days, issue a notice of filing to the applicant. Within 90 days of the notice of filing, the Commissioner shall enter an order issuing the license or rejecting the application. If the Commissioner fails to act within 90 days of the notice of filing, the application shall be deemed denied.
(e) If the Commissioner determines that any of the requirements of this chapter have not been met, the Commissioner shall notify the applicant of any defects in the application and the applicant shall have 30 days in which to correct the application. If the requirements are not met within the time allowed, the Commissioner may enter an order rejecting the application, which order shall include the findings of fact upon which the order is based and which shall not become effective until 20 days after the end of the 30-day period. During the 20-day period, the applicant may petition for reconsideration of the application and shall be entitled to a hearing.
(2) Gives consideration to expected rates of mortality and morbidity, expected refunds, and expected capital expenditures in accordance with standards promulgated by the American Academy of Actuaries, within a 5-year forecast period.
(g) Any license issued pursuant to this section for a provider of continuing care services shall be issued as a Financial Services endorsement to a basic business license under the basic business license system as set forth in subchapter I-A of Chapter 28 of Title 47.
(h) Nothing in this chapter shall require the Commissioner to review the disclosure statement and the issuance of a license under this chapter shall not constitute an approval of the disclosure statement or of any of the statements therein.
This section is referenced in § 44-151.15.
D.C. Law 16-191, in subsec. (g), validated a previously made technical correction.
(6) Been or is in imminent danger of being determined to be in a hazardous financial condition.
(b) The Commissioner may suspend the license of a provider, after notice and hearing, for any of the violations in subsection (a) of this section and set forth the conditions necessary to correct the violations, including whether a provider can enter into new continuing care service contracts while suspended.
(c) The Commissioner may, in lieu of suspension or revocation of the license of a provider issued pursuant to this chapter, after notice and hearing, order a provider to take corrective action or levy an administrative penalty in an amount not more than $50,000 per violation.
(d) Upon review of an order of the Commissioner revoking a license, a court may determine whether a factual finding by the Commissioner is clearly erroneous.
(e) If there is good cause to believe that the provider is guilty of a violation for which revocation could be ordered, the Commissioner may first issue a cease and desist order. The cease and desist order shall be subject to notice and hearing within 10 days of the order. If the cease and desist order is not or cannot be effective in remedying the violation, the Commissioner may, after notice and hearing, issue an order that the license be revoked and surrendered. The provider may accept new applicant funds while the revocation order is under appeal provided the funds are escrowed pending results of the appeal.
(a) No provider or other owning entity shall sell or transfer ownership of the facility, or enter into a contract with a third-party provider for management of the facility, unless the transfer or contract has been approved by the Commissioner. The Commissioner shall have 90 days from receipt of the transfer documents or contract in which to review and to approve or disapprove the transfer or contract. If the transfer or sales contract or third-party management contract is approved, the new provider or third-party manager shall have 90 days in which to meet the licensing requirements and to obtain a license to operate the facility in their own name. The Commissioner, with the consent of the applicant, may extend this 90-day period for up to an additional 60 days.
(b) Upon receipt of an application for the sale or transfer of ownership of the facility or for execution of a contract with a third-party provider for management of the facility, the Commissioner shall, within 10 business days, issue a notice of filing to the applicant. Within 90 days of the notice of filing, the Commissioner shall enter an order issuing the license or rejecting the application. If the Commissioner fails to act within 90 days of the notice of filing, the application shall be deemed denied.
(F) An explanation of the assisted living program's and the nursing home component's complaint or grievance procedure.
(b) The cover page of the disclosure statement shall state, in a prominent location and in boldface type, the date of the disclosure statement, the last date through which that disclosure statement may be delivered if not earlier revised, and that the delivery of the disclosure statement to a contracting party before the execution of a contract for the provision of continuing care is required by this chapter but that the disclosure statement has not been reviewed or approved by any government agency or representative to ensure accuracy or completeness of the information set forth.
(c) A copy of the standard form of contract for continuing care used by the provider shall be attached to each disclosure statement.
(d) Rules adopted under this chapter may prescribe a standardized format for the required disclosure statement. The Mayor shall, when promulgating rules for standardized forms under this chapter, attempt to seek clarity and require that disclosure statements be written in language reasonably designed to be understandable to potential residents.
(4) A provider shall not deduct from a refund due for a rescinded or canceled contract non-refundable fees set forth in the rescinded or canceled contract or any service charge if the contract performance by the resident becomes impossible due to death or morbidity, and the resident did not occupy a living unit in the facility.
(15) The right of residents to bring a civil action to recover for injury resulting from violations of this chapter and its regulations.
(B) In a nearby licensed assisted living facility.
(B) In a nearby licensed comprehensive care facility.
(e) A provider shall pay any contractual entrance fee refund due under a continuing care agreement to which it is a party within 60 days of the agreement being terminated by a resident's election or death if, on the termination date, the unit has been occupied by or reserved for another resident who has paid an entrance fee.
(f) The resident's continuing care contract shall permit the resident to identify the resident's estate or the person or persons to whom payment shall be made if a refund is due by reason of the resident's death.
(2) The revised forecast statements of revenues and expenses and cash flows or other forecast financial data being filed as a part of the revised disclosure statement filed at any other time if, in the opinion of the provider, revision is necessary to prevent an otherwise current disclosure statement from containing a material misstatement of fact or omitting a material fact required to be stated therein.
(b) Only the most recently recorded disclosure statement, with respect to a facility, and in any event, only a disclosure statement dated within one year plus 150 days prior to the date of delivery, shall be considered current for purposes of the law or delivered pursuant to this chapter.
(a) All continuing care facilities shall maintain, after opening, operating reserves equal to 20% of the total operating costs projected for the 12-month period following the period covered by the most recent annual disclosure statement filed. The forecast statements as required shall serve as the basis for computing the operating reserve. In addition to total operating expenses, total operating costs shall include debt service, consisting of principal and interest payments and taxes and insurance on any mortgage loan or other long-term financing, but shall exclude depreciation, amortized expenses, and extraordinary items as may be approved by regulation. If the debt service portion is accounted for by way of another reserve account, the debt service portion may be excluded. The operating reserves may be funded by cash, invested cash, commercial paper, or by investment grade securities, including bonds, stocks, United States Treasury obligations, or obligations of United States government agencies.
(b) A provider that has begun construction, has permanent financing in place, or is in operation on April 5, 2005, has up to 5 years to meet the operating reserve requirements.
(c) The Commissioner may require a provider not meeting its reserve requirements established by subsection (a) of this section to place the reserves in an escrow account with a bank, trust company, or other escrow agent approved by the Commissioner.
(d) The notes to the provider's annual audited financial statements shall state whether or not the reserve requirements have been met.
(e) The Commissioner may allow withdrawal or borrowing from the reserves in an amount not greater than 20% of the provider's total reserves. The withdrawal or borrowing may be approved by the Commissioner only if required for making an emergency repair or replacement of equipment, to cover catastrophic loss that is not able to be covered by insurance, or for debt service in a potential default situation. No withdrawal or borrowing may be made from a reserve without the approval of the Commissioner pursuant to subsection (f) of this section. All funds borrowed shall be repaid to the reserve within 18 months in accordance with a payment plan approved by the Commissioner.
(f) Operating reserves shall only be released upon the submission of a detailed request from the provider or facility and shall be approved by the Commissioner. The request shall be submitted in writing for review by the Commissioner at least 10 business days prior to the date of withdrawal.
(3) If a revocation order for the provider's license as a continuing care facility is under appeal.
(C) Another independent person or entity agreed upon by the provider and the resident, unless such account arrangement is prohibited by law.
(2) The continuing care services contract shall provide that the total amount of any entrance fee, or any other fee or deposit that may be applied toward the entrance fee, received by the provider be placed in the escrow account. A facility may place a letter of credit, negotiable securities, or a security bond equal to the total amount of any entrance fee or any other fee or deposit in escrow in lieu of any other requirement of this section.
(II) Not less than 90% of the funds estimated in the statement of cash flows submitted by the provider as that part of the disclosure statement required by this chapter to be necessary to fund start-up losses and assure full performance of the obligations of the provider pursuant to continuing care contracts.
(ii) The provider submits a plan of reorganization that is accepted and approved.
(c) If funds are escrowed under subsection (a)(1) or (3) of this section, upon receipt by the escrow agent of a request by the provider for the release of the funds, the escrow agent shall approve release of the funds within 5 working days unless the escrow agent finds that the requirements of subsection (b) of this section have not been met and notifies the provider of the basis for this finding. The request for release of the escrow funds shall be accompanied by any documentation the fiduciary requires.
(d) Release of any escrowed funds that may be due to the subscriber or resident shall occur upon 5 working days' notice of death, nonacceptance by the facility, or voluntary cancellation. If voluntary cancellation occurs after construction has begun, the refund may be delayed until a new subscriber is obtained for that specific unit; provided, that the period for refund shall not exceed 2 years.
(e) If the provider fails to meet the requirements for release of funds held in the escrow account within a time period the escrow agent considers reasonable, the funds shall be returned by the escrow agent to the persons who have made payment to the provider. The escrow agent shall notify the provider of the length of this time period when the provider requests release of the funds.
(f) Facilities that currently meet the 75% pre-sales or the 75% occupancy requirements, as set forth in subsection (b)(3)(B) of this section, shall not be required to escrow entrance fees, unless otherwise required by the Commissioner.
(3) Deposit in the escrow account an amount of cash equal to all entrance fees or any other fees or deposits that may be applied toward the entrance fee received by the provider.
(a) A resident living in a facility registered under this chapter has the right of self-organization, the right to be represented by an individual of the resident's own choosing, and the right to engage in concerted activities to keep informed on the operation of the facility in which he or she is a resident or for other mutual aid or protection. Responsible family members and legal guardians of residents in the assisted living and nursing components have the same rights of organization.
(b) The facility shall provide space and other appropriate accommodations, including heat, light, and furnishings, for residents' organizations.
(c) The board of directors or other governing body of a continuing care facility or its designated representative shall hold annual meetings with the residents of the continuing care facility for free discussions of subjects including income, expenditures, and financial trends and problems as they apply to the facility and discussions of proposed changes in policies, programs, and services. Residents and guardians, legal representatives, or designees of residents shall be entitled to at least 7 days advance notice of each meeting. Residents in the assisted living and nursing components shall receive these notices, which also shall be sent to the legal guardians or responsible family members. An agenda and any materials that shall be distributed by the governing body at the meetings shall remain available upon request to residents and to guardians, legal representatives, or designees of residents.
(d) A provider that has a governing body shall include at least one resident as a full and regular member of the governing body who shall be selected by vote of the residents of the facility.
(4) A facility is bankrupt or insolvent, or in imminent danger of becoming bankrupt or insolvent.
(b) An order to rehabilitate a facility shall direct a trustee to take possession of the property of the provider and to conduct the business thereof, including the employment of such managers or agents as may be considered necessary and to take such steps as the court may direct toward removal of the causes and conditions which have made rehabilitation necessary.
(c) If, at any time, the court finds, upon petition of the trustee or provider, or on its own motion, that the objectives of an order to rehabilitate a facility have been accomplished and that the facility can be returned to the provider's management without further jeopardy to the residents of the facility, the court may, upon a full report and accounting of the conduct of the facility's affairs during the rehabilitation and of the facility's current financial condition, terminate the rehabilitation and, by order, return the facility and its assets and affairs to the provider's management.
(d) If, at any time, it is determined that further efforts to rehabilitate the provider would be useless, application may be made to the court for an order of liquidation.
(3) Shall include an order directing a trustee to marshal and liquidate all of the provider's assets located within the District.
(f) Unless preempted by federal law, the first $500 of compensation or wages owed to an officer or employee of a continuing care provider for services rendered within 3 months before the commencement of a delinquency proceeding against the continuing care provider shall be paid before payment of any other debt or claim.
(g) Effective at the time a facility is first occupied by any resident, there shall exist a lien on the real and personal property of the provider or facility to secure the obligations of the provider pursuant to existing and future contracts for continuing care. A lien under this section shall be effective for a period of 10 years. The lien may be foreclosed upon the liquidation of the facility or the insolvency or bankruptcy of the provider and in that event the proceeds shall be used in full or partial satisfaction of obligations of the provider.
(h) If a provider is bankrupt or insolvent or has filed for protection from creditors under any federal bankruptcy or insolvency law, any resident or association of residents, or the legal representative of a resident or association of residents, may apply to the federal bankruptcy court for an order directing the appointment of a trustee to rehabilitate or liquidate a facility.
(i) In applying for an order to rehabilitate or liquidate a facility, in addition to the provisions of subsection (h) of this section, due consideration shall be given in the application to the manner in which the welfare of persons who have previously contracted with the provider for continuing care may be best served.
(j) An order for rehabilitation under this section shall be refused or vacated if the provider posts a bond, by recognized surety authorized to do business in the District and executed on behalf of persons who may be found to be entitled to a refund of entrance fees from the provider or other damages if the provider is unable to fulfill its contracts to provide continuing care at the facility, in an amount determined by the Court to be equal to the reserve funding that would otherwise need to be available to fulfill such obligations.
For the purposes of any investigation or proceeding under this chapter, any person may be required or permitted by the Commissioner to file a statement in writing, under oath or otherwise, as to any of the facts and circumstances concerning the matter to be investigated.
(a) Each provider shall keep and make available to the Commissioner at the provider's place of business any books and records that the Commissioner, by rule or regulation, requires to enable the Commissioner to enforce this chapter and any rule or regulation adopted under this chapter.
(b) Each provider shall retain for at least 3 years after final payment is made by a resident copies of any contract or agreement, records of payments received by the provider from a resident or a person on behalf of a resident, and such other papers or records relating to the loan as may be required by rule or regulation.
(2) Retains the records for at least 60 months in a storage facility disclosed to the Commissioner.
(d) The Commissioner or his designee may, in the Commissioner's discretion, visit a provider or continuing care facility offering continuing care in the District to examine its books and records. The provider examined shall pay expenses incurred in conducting examinations under this section. These expenses may include the salary of the government employee based on the time spent conducting or supervising the examination, the fees of a third-party auditor, and reasonable and necessary out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Department or third-party auditor.
(a) Any provider, facility, or person who enters into a contract for continuing care at a facility without having first delivered a disclosure statement meeting the requirements of this chapter to the person contracting for continuing care, or enters into a contract for continuing care at a facility with a person who has relied on a disclosure statement that omits to state, or misstates, a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading, shall be liable to the person contracting for continuing care for actual damages and repayment of all fees paid to the provider, facility, or person violating this chapter, less the reasonable value of care and lodging provided to the resident by or on whose behalf the contract for continuing care was entered into prior to discovery of the violation, misstatement, or omission or the time the violation, misstatement, or omission should reasonably have been discovered, together with interest thereon at the legal rate for judgments, court costs, and reasonable attorneys' fees. The interest shall accrue on the date of entering into a contract or when the resident or their representative knew or should have known of the violation, omission, or misstatement, whichever is later.
(b) Liability under this section shall exist regardless of whether the provider or person liable had actual knowledge of the misstatement or omission.
(c) A person shall not file or maintain an action under this section if the person, before filing the action, received a written offer of a refund of all amounts paid the provider, facility, or person violating this chapter, together with interest at the legal rate for judgments, less the current contractual value of care and lodging provided prior to receipt of the offer, and if the offer recited the provisions of this section and the recipient of the offer failed to accept it within 30 days of actual receipt. The interest shall begin to accrue on the date of entering into a contract or when the resident or their representative knew or should have known of the violation, omission, or misstatement, whichever is later. Nothing in this subsection shall prohibit the Mayor from bringing an action for a violation of this chapter.
(d) An action shall not be maintained to enforce a liability created under this chapter unless brought before the expiration of 3 years after the execution of the contract for continuing care that gave rise to the violation or the date when the resident or his or her representative knew or should have known of the violation, omission, or misstatement, whichever is earlier.
(e) The Mayor may impose civil penalties or take other action appropriate to correct violations of this chapter. The Mayor may bring an action to enforce this chapter.
(a) Any person who violates § 44-151.02(a), or makes, or causes to be made, in a document filed with the Commissioner or in any proceeding under this chapter, a statement which is, at the time and in the light of the circumstances under which it is made, false or misleading in any material respect, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall pay a fine of not more than $1,000, be imprisoned for not more than one year, or both. All prosecutions under this subsection shall be upon information filed in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia in the name of the District by the Attorney General for the District of Columbia or any of his or her assistants.
(4) In a matter within the jurisdiction of the Commissioner, falsifies, conceals, or covers up, by a trick, scheme, or device, a material fact, makes any false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation, or makes or use any false writing or document, knowing the same to contain a false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or entry.
(d) The evidence which is available concerning violation of this chapter or of any rule or order under this chapter may be referred to the Attorney General for the District of Columbia who may, with or without such reference, institute the appropriate criminal proceedings under this chapter.
(e) Nothing in this chapter shall limit the power of the District to punish a person for conduct constituting a crime under other law.
Nothing in this chapter affects the authority of any agency otherwise provided by law to license or regulate any health service facility, domiciliary service facility, or food service.
(a) The Mayor may promulgate rules to carry out and enforce the provisions of this chapter.
(b) Any provider who is offering continuing care shall be given a reasonable time, not to exceed one year from the date of publication of any applicable rules promulgated pursuant to this chapter, within which to comply with the rules and to obtain a license.
All fees, fines, penalties, and assessments received by the Commissioner under this chapter shall be deposited in, and credited to, the Continuing Care Retirement Community Regulatory and Supervision Trust Account established by § 31-1202(b-2) and expended in accordance with § 31-1202(b-2).


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text:
Evolving Self
Podcast, Community & Relationships
Episode 27: If I Show You The Real Me Will You Still Love Me? w/Elad Nehorai
Elad Nehorai has spent most of his adult life creating and nurturing communities. From the time he started a small online arts magazine (before such a thing was common) in college, to his efforts as an online marketer for startups, to his viral campaign "I Have A Therapist," to his present-day work with Hevria, a community for creative Jews, and Torah Trumps Hate, a community for progressive orthodox Jews, Elad cares about nothing more than connecting people who are desperately looking for a community that doesn't exist in the physical world.
Tagged: Authentic Self, Vulnerability, Resilience, Orthodoxy, Evolving Self, Haredi
Episode 15: Celebrating Life and Purim; on Drug and Alcohol Abuse w/Rabbi Mark Borovitz
Rabbi Mark Borovitz describes his transition to recovery from drug and alcohol abuse as though he was "struck sober". Nowadays Rabbi Mark as the CEO of Beit T'Shuva, a Jewish addiction treatment center, helps to facilitate similar healing for others.
Tagged: Purim, Drug and Alcohol Abuse and Recovery, Radical Amazement, Teshuva - Repentance, Evolving Self, Embracing the Mystery of the Universe


Eunice Young Atwood was born 14 Mar 1840 in Massachusetts, the daughter of Harding and Dorcas (Chipman) Atwood. She died 15 Jan 1911. She married Isaac Baker Newcomb (b. 26 Aug 1838) 20 Nov 1860 in Wellfleet MA. They had two children, Martha W. and Almira F.