text:
Quinn Hughes (* 14. října 1999 Orlando) je americký profesionální hokejista – obránce.

Kariéra
V současnosti hraje hokej v Michiganu na univerzitě USA. Je draftován týmem Vancouver Canucks NHL.

Prošel snad všemi mládežnickými reprezentacemi a zúčastnil se i Mistrovství světa 2018 v Dánsku a Mistrovství světa 2019 na Slovensku.

Quinn Hughes je považován za veliký talent současného hokeje, jeho velké zrychlení a velká rychlost společně s vysokou fyzickou kondicí a skvělými přehrávkami a úžasným přehledem ve hře z něj dělají obránce 21. století.

Je schopen změnit režim hry a to i když jeho tým prohrává. Dokáže svou rychlostí přejít přes kohokoliv.

Reprezentace
Je pravidelným členem reprezentace USA, reprezentoval v mnoha mládežnických kategoriích a zúčastnil se i dvou mistrovství světa mužů 2018 a 2019.

Odkazy

Externí odkazy

Quinn Hughes na eliteprospects.com

Narození 14. října
Narození v roce 1999
Narození v Orlandu
Američtí hokejoví obránci
Žijící lidé
Muži
Hráči draftovaní Vancouverem Canucks


text:
\section{Introduction}

The spin structure and dynamics of the nucleon is one of the fundamental and unresolved
questions in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Contrary to atomic physics where the total
angular momentum of an atom can be accounted for by basic quantum theory in terms of its underlying atomic constituents,
a complete theoretical description of the proton spin decomposed in terms of contributions from quark and gluon
angular momenta and spins is still missing. Various experimental programs have been conducted
in the past to deepen our understanding on the proton spin. Deep-inelastic scattering (DIS)
experiments have clearly established that the quark spin contribution is small and
accounts for only $\approx 25\%$ of the proton spin \cite{Ashman:1989ig, Filippone:2001ux}.

High energy polarized $\vec{p}+\vec{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200-500\,$GeV at RHIC provide a unique way to probe
the proton spin structure and dynamics using hard scattering processes \cite{Bunce:2000uv}. The production of jets and
hadrons is the prime focus of the gluon polarization studies. The production of $W^{-(+)}$ bosons at $\sqrt{s}=500\,$GeV
provides an ideal tool to study the spin-flavor structure of the proton. This has been pointed
out at the very early design stages of the polarized proton collider program at RHIC \cite{Underwood:1991ak}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=135mm]{all_jets}}
\label{Jets}
\caption{{\it Recent STAR 2006 $A_{LL}$ inclusive jet result.}}
\end{figure}

The first global analysis of polarized DIS data, as well as results obtained by
the PHENIX \cite{Adare:2007dg} and STAR \cite{Abelev:2007vt} experiments in polarized $\vec{p}+\vec{p}$ collisions at RHIC placed a strong constraint on the
gluon spin contribution in the gluon momentum range of $0.05<x<0.2$, and suggested that the gluon spin contribution is not large
in that range \cite{deFlorian:2008mr}. Constraining the polarized gluon distribution function,
$\Delta g$, through inclusive measurements has been, so far, the prime
focus of the STAR physics analysis program of the Run
3/4~\cite{Abelev:2006uq}, Run 5~\cite{Abelev:2007vt} and Run 6~\cite{ref_spin2008_murad} data samples.
Inclusive measurements, such as inclusive jet production, integrate
over a fairly large $x$ region for a given jet transverse momentum
region. While those measurements provide a strong constraint on the
value of $\Delta g$ integrated over a range in $x$, those measurements do not
permit a direct sensitivity to the actual $x$ dependence. This
motivates the need for correlation measurements in polarized $\vec{p}+\vec{p}$ collisions.

The STAR collaboration has presented a first measurement of the longitudinal spin transfer
$D_{LL}$ in inclusive $\Lambda$ ($\Lambda\rightarrow p \pi^{-}$) and $\bar{\Lambda}$ ($\bar{\Lambda}\rightarrow \bar{p}\pi^{+}$)
production in polarized proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass
energy of $\sqrt{s}=200\,$GeV \cite{Abelev:2009xg}. This measurement may provide constraints on strange (anti) quark polarization \cite{Xu:2005ru} and can yield new insight into
polarized fragmentation functions.

The first data taking period in 2009 of polarized $\vec{p}+\vec{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=500\,$GeV opens a new era in the
study of the spin-flavor structure of the proton based on the production of $W^{-(+)}$ bosons. $W^{-(+)}$ bosons are
produced predominantly through $\bar{u}+d$ $(u+\bar{d})$ collisions and can be detected through
their leptonic decay. Quark and anti-quark helicity distribution functions are probed at large
scales set by the mass of the $W$ boson ($Q \sim m_{W}$) where theoretical calculations are well under control.
The theoretical framework is well developed to describe the
production of $W$ bosons in high-energy polarized $\vec{p}+\vec{p}$ collisions including the description of
the $W$ decay leptons subject to experimental cuts, such as the transverse momentum $p_{T}$ and pseudo-rapidity
$\eta$ of the final-state leptons \cite{Nadolsky:2003ga, deFlorian:2010aa}. This development profits from a rich history of hadroproduction of weak bosons
at the CERN SPS and the FNAL Tevatron and provides a firm basis to use
$W$ production as a new high-energy probe in polarized $\vec{p}+\vec{p}$ collisions \cite{Kotwal:2008zz}.

The STAR Collaboration has provided critical measurements on the sudy of transverse spin
effects in polarized ~p+~p collisions at RHIC. An overview of these results is discussed in a separate
paper \cite{ref_ww2010_len}.

\section{Recent jet $A_{LL}$ results}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=115mm]{all_hadrons}}
\label{hadrons}
\caption{{\it Recent STAR 2006 $A_{LL}$ neutral pion result (a) and STAR 2006 $A_{LL}$ results for charged pion ($\pi^{-}$ and $\pi^{+}$) / jet correlation measurements (b/c).}}
\end{figure}

STAR reconstructs jets with the midpoint cone algorithm using clusters
of charged track momenta measured with the STAR Time Projection Chamber (TPC) and
tower energy deposits in the STAR Barrel Electromagnetic Calorimeter
(BEMC) within a cone radius of $R\equiv\sqrt{\Delta
\eta^{2}+\Delta\phi^{2}}\;$\cite{ref_spin2008_murad}. The jet sample
was required to be within a fiducial range of
$-0.7<\eta_{\rm{Detector}}<0.9$ for the 2006 data sample
with a cone radius of $R=0.7$. The dominant fraction of jet
events in the 2006 data sample are based on a jet patch
(JP) trigger that required a minimum energy deposition for a group of
towers over a region of $\Delta \eta \times
\Delta \phi = 1.0 \times 1.0$.  This trigger was taken in coincidence
with a minimum-bias condition using the STAR Beam-Beam Counter
(BBC).

\begin{figure}[t]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=130mm]{data_mc-di-jets}}
\label{data_mc-di-jets}
\caption{{\it Comparison of STAR 2005 di-jet data and a PYTHIA Monte-Carlo showing the yield at the top and the ratio at the bottom for three
characteristic di-jet variables (See text for further details).}}
\end{figure}

Throughout the following discussion, four gluon polarization scenarios have been used as input to NLO perturbative QCD
calculations of $A_{LL}$.
The GRSV standard case refers to a global analysis fit of polarized DIS data \cite{Gluck:2000dy}. The case
for a vanishing gluon polarization (GRSV-ZERO) and the case of a maximally positive (GRSV-MAX) or negative (GRSV-MIN)
gluon polarization have also been considered.
The GS-C \cite{Gehrmann:1995ag} set of $\Delta g$ is reflected by a large positive gluon
polarization at low $x$, a node around $x\sim 0.1$ and a negative
gluon polarization at large $x$ at a scale of $Q^{2} \sim 1\,$GeV$^{2}$.

Figure \ref{Jets} shows the most recent STAR preliminary result of $A_{LL}$ for inclusive jet production as a function
of $p_{T}$ based on the 2006 data sample of $4.7\,$pb$^{-1}$.
Typical beam polarization values during the 2006 data-taking period were $55-60\%$.
The leading systematic uncertainty comes from the trigger and jet reconstruction biases.
Differences between observed and true jet $p_T$ are estimated using PYTHIA and GEANT simulations and
result in corrections being applied to the jet $p_T$ values.
Additionally, the trigger conditions at STAR can artificially bias the analyzed data sample towards
particular flavors of partonic collisions.
A conservative systematic uncertainty is evaluated to account for this effect which incorporates all allowable
gluon polarization scenarios.
The $A_{LL}$ curves in Figure \ref{Jets} are derived from NLO fits to world polarized DIS data
by two separate theory groups, GRSV \cite{Gluck:2000dy} and GS \cite{Gehrmann:1995ag}. The currently measured result
is consistent with a small gluon polarization scenario for the STAR x-range of $0.03<x<0.3$. This x-range
accounts for $\sim$ 50\% of the total $\Delta G$ integral, i.e. $\Delta G=\int_{0}^{1}\Delta g dx$, for GRSV-STD.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=150mm]{all_dijets}}
\label{dijets}
\caption{{\it (a) Statistical precision of the longitudinal double-spin
asymmetry, $A_{LL}$, as a function of the di-jet invariant mass, $M$, for the 2006 RHIC data sample. (b) Longitudinal
double-spin asymmetry, $A_{LL}$, for di-jet production as function of the ratio $M/\sqrt{s}$
for different topological combinations of the STAR BEMC and the STAR EEMC acceptance region.}}
\end{figure}

\section{Recent neutral and charged pion $A_{LL}$ results}

Neutral pions are identified via the two-photon decay channel, which accounts
for more than $98\%$ of $\pi^{0}$ decays. Two primary sub-detectors, the STAR Barrel Electromagnetic Calorimeter (BEMC) and respective Shower
Maximum Detector (SMD) are employed to reconstruct decay photons from mid rapidity neutral pions.
Charged
pion production is of particular interest since the difference of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetries for $\pi^{+}$ and $\pi^{-}$
production, $A_{LL}(\pi^{+})$ - $A_{LL}(\pi^{-})$,
tracks the sign of $\Delta g$, due to the opposite signs of
the polarized distribution functions for up and down quarks.
The STAR Time Projection Chamber (TPC)  offers robust reconstruction and identification of
charged pions up to a transverse momentum of $15$ GeV/c.  Particle identification is accomplished
using measurements of ionization energy loss in the TPC.

Figure~\ref{hadrons} (a) shows $A_{LL}$ for neutral pion production at mid rapidity as a function of $p_{T}$ based on the 2006 data
sample~\cite{ref_spin2008_alan}. This new measurement is shown
in comparison to NLO calculations assuming different
gluon polarization scenarios~\cite{ref_spin2008_murad, ref_spin2008_alan}. This measurement reaches to higher $p_{T}$ values compared
to previous measurements by PHENIX~\cite{Adare:2008px} and STAR~\cite{Abelev:2009pb}. At the present level of precision, the
data excludes extreme gluon polarization scenarios. The STAR
collaboration has recently presented also results for neutral pion production at forward rapidity based on the STAR Electromagnetic
Endcap Calorimeter (EEMC) and
the STAR Forward Pion Detector (FPD) \cite{ref_spin2008_scott}. These measurements provide an important milestone for future photon-jet coincidence
measurements at STAR.

Figure~\ref{hadrons} (b) and (c) show STAR's new preliminary result of $A_{LL}$ for
charged pion ($\pi^{-}$ and $\pi^{+})\,/\,{\rm jet}$ correlation measurements at mid rapidity. Charged pions are
reconstructed opposite a jet that triggered the experiment. The data are shown versus
$z\equiv p_{T}(\pi)/p_{T}(jet)$ and were obtained in 2006~\cite{ref_spin2008_adam}. Full
NLO calculations for this observable have recently been released \cite{deFlorian:2009fw}. These
calculations will provide the basis for charged pion results to be included in a global analysis. The data
shown for charged pion production are compared to a LO MC evaluation of $A_{LL}$ excluding extreme scenarios of $\Delta g$.
The measurement of $A_{LL}(\pi^{+})$ is of particular interest, since its analyzing power is large because of the large $ug$ scattering
contribution to
the production cross section and sizable $\Delta u/u$.
In the future, more precise measurements of $A_{LL}(\pi^{+})$ have a great potential for providing a better understanding of $\Delta g$.

\section{Status and prospects of di-jet production}

Correlation measurements such as those for di-jet production allow for
a better constraint of the partonic kinematics and thus the shape of
$\Delta g$. At LO, the di-jet invariant mass, $M$, is proportional to
the product of the $x$ values of the partons,
$M=\sqrt{s}\sqrt{x_{1}x_{2}}$, whereas the pseudo-rapidity sum of the
final-state jets, $\eta_{3}+\eta_{4}$, is proportional to the
logarithm of the ratio of the $x$ values,
$\eta_{3}+\eta_{4}=\ln\left(x_{1}/x_{2}\right)$.  Photon-jet
coincidence measurements are expected to provide a theoretically clean
way to extract $\Delta g$. A LO extraction of $\Delta g$ alone would
allow a model-independent way to constrain the $x$ dependence, which
would be an important contribution, without making an a priori
assumption on the functional form of $\Delta g$ as is currently
required in a global analysis.
Measurements at both $\sqrt{s}=200\,$GeV and
$\sqrt{s}=500\,$GeV are preferred to maximize the kinematic reach in
$x$ and possibly provide a means to observe effects of scaling
violations at fixed $x$ by measuring different $p_{T}$ values. The
wide acceptance of the STAR experiment permits reconstruction of
di-jet events with different topological configurations,
i.e. different $\eta_{3}$/$\eta_{4}$ combinations, ranging from
symmetric ($x_{1}=x_{2}$) partonic collisions to asymmetric
($x_{1}<x_{2}$ or $x_{1}>x_{2}$) partonic collisions. This, together
with the variation of the center-of-mass energy, is expected to constrain $\Delta g$
over a wide range in $x$ of approximately $\sim 2\cdot 10^{-3} < x <
0.3$ for di-jet and photon-jet events.  The NLO framework for correlation measurements exists and
therefore those measurements can be used in a global analysis~\cite{deFlorian:1998qp}.

Figure 3 shows a comparison of STAR 2005 di-jet data and a PYTHIA Monte-Carlo simulation with the yield at the top and the ratio at the bottom for
the invariant mass $M$, the pseudo-rapidity sum $\eta_{3}+\eta_{4}$ and the cosine of the partonic center-of-mass scattering angle $\cos\theta^{*}$ determined from
the pseudo-rapidities of both final-state jets. The normalization between data and Monte-Carlo is fixed by the invariant mass distributions. The same normalization
factor is then applied to both other di-jet distributions. Data and Monte-Carlo are found to be in good agreement.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=160mm]{event-display-500}}
\label{event-display-500}
\caption{{\it Event displays from the 2009 data taking period at $\sqrt{s}=500\,$GeV showing a $W$ candidate event (a), a $Z^{0}$ candidate event and a di-jet candidate event (c).}}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=120mm]{lego-500}}
\label{lego-500}
\caption{{\it Lego plot showing the BEMC $E_{T}$ and the TPC $p_{T}$ distribution for a $W$ candidate event (a)
and a di-jet candidate event (b).}}
\end{figure}

Figure 4 (a) shows the statistical precision of the
longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, $A_{LL}$, as a function of the
di-jet invariant mass, $M$. Those uncertainties, extracted from the
2006 data sample, are compared to a LO MC evaluation of $A_{LL}$
computed with a PYTHIA MC sample using different event weights to
account for different polarized gluon distribution functions of
GRSV~\cite{Gluck:2000dy} and DSSV~\cite{deFlorian:2008mr}. The size of the
statistical uncertainty at the highest invariant mass bin is at the
level of the difference between GRSV-STD and DSSV.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=150mm]{w-algo}}
\label{algo}
\caption{{\it Illustration of the $W$ offline selection criteria (top) and the distribution of the TPC $p_{T}$ (a) the BEMC $E_{T}$ (b) and both BEMC SMD layers (c) / (d) in azimuth
and pseudo-rapidity.}}
\end{figure}

Figure 4 (b) shows the expected precision for the longitudinal double-spin
asymmetry, $A_{LL}$, for di-jet production as a function of
$M/\sqrt{s}$ for different topological combinations of the STAR BEMC
and the STAR Endcap Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EEMC) acceptance
regions. Taking into account the different $\eta$ ranges
covered, and equivalently, the different $\cos\theta^{*}$ regions
being probed, each panel represents a different range in
$x_{1}$/$x_{2}$. At LO, $\cos\theta^{*}$ amounts to
$\tanh\left(\frac{\eta_{3}-\eta_{4}}{2}\right)$. The upper left panel
effectively probes asymmetric partonic collisions where predominantly
a low-x gluon collides with a high-x quark at large invariant
masses.
\begin{figure}[t]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=110mm]{cuts}}
\label{w-cuts}
\caption{{\it Evolution of $W$ offline selection cuts (See text for further details).}}
\end{figure}
The effective variation
of $x_{1}$ and $x_{2}$ amounts to $0.2<x_{1}<0.6$ and
$0.07<x_{2}<0.2$. In contrast, a kinematic region of larger $x$ values
is probed at predominantly symmetric partonic collisions such as the one
shown in the lower right panel.
The effective variation of $x_{1}$ and $x_{2}$ is roughly
equal and given by the horizontal axis of the lower right panel.  The
projected uncertainties are shown for a luminosity of $50\,$pb$^{-1}$
and a beam polarization of $60\%$. Those projected uncertainties are
compared to a LO evaluation of $A_{LL}$ and a full NLO $A_{LL}$
calculation. Scale uncertainties are shown as a shaded band for DSSV
and GRSV-STD reflecting a variation of the invariant mass $M$ as a
hard scale of $2M$ and $0.5M$. Asymmetric cuts are imposed for the LO
MC and the NLO determination of $\rm{min}(p_{T})\geq 7\,$GeV/c and
$\rm{max}(p_{T})\geq 10\,$GeV/c.  The result of a LO MC evaluation using
GS-C \cite{Gehrmann:1995ag} for $\Delta g$ is also shown. GS-C is still consistent with the
current inclusive jet results~\cite{ref_spin2008_murad}.  A cone
radius of $R=0.7$ has been used. Good agreement is found between a LO
MC evaluation of $A_{LL}$ and a full NLO calculation.  Scale
uncertainties are found to be small in comparison to the variation of
the chosen polarized gluon distribution functions, in particular, at
large values of $M$.

While inclusive measurements from STAR have provided important constraints
on $\Delta g$, and will continue to do so, the impact of correlation
measurements to the $x$ dependence should greatly enhance our understanding
of $\Delta g$.

\section{Measurement of $W$ boson production at STAR}

The data used for the first $W$ boson production analysis at STAR were collected in 2009 colliding polarized
proton beams at $250\,$GeV. The STAR detector systems used in this analysis are the STAR Time Projection Chamber (TPC), the STAR Barrel Electromagnetic Calorimeter (BEMC)
and STAR Electromagnetic Endcap Calorimeter (EEMC). Only their tower response has been taken into
account in this analysis.
The BEMC was used to measure the transverse energy, $E_{T}$, of $e^\pm$.
The suppression of the QCD background by several orders of magnitude was based on the TPC, BEMC and EEMC.
Figure 5 shows event displays from the 2009 data taking period for a $W$ candidate event (a), a $Z^{0}$ candidate event and a
di-jet candidate event (c). A lego plot is shown in Figure 6 displaying the BEMC $E_{T}$ and the TPC $p_{T}$ distribution for a $W$ candidate event at the top
and a di-jet candidate event at the bottom.

Proton-proton collision events focusing on $W$ production at $\sqrt{s}=500\,$ were identified by
a two-step energy requirement in the BEMC. Electrons and positrons from $W$ production at mid rapidity are characterized by
large $E_{T}$ peaked at $\sim M_{W}/2$ (Jacobian peak). At the hardware trigger level (L0), a high tower (HT) calorimetric trigger
condition required $E_{T}>7.3\,$GeV in a single BEMC tower. At the software trigger level (L2), a dedicated
trigger algorithm was developed that required that a $2 \times 2$ tower cluster $E_{T}$ sum exceeds $13\,$GeV.
The offline selection of W candidate events is based on kinematical and topological difference between leptonic $W^{\pm}$ decays,
and QCD background events as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6. Events from $W^\pm\rightarrow e^\pm+\nu$ decays contain a nearly isolated
$e^{\pm}$ with a neutrino in the opposite direction in azimuth. The neutrino escapes detection, leading
to a large missing energy.

Figure 7 illustrates the basic idea of the selection of $W$ candidate events. The 2D histograms show for one $W$ candidate event
the TPC $p_{T}$ (a) and the BEMC tower $E_{T}$ (b) distribution along with both BEMC shower-maximum detector (SMD) layers (c) / (d) as a function of the
azimuthal angle $\phi$ and the pseudo-rapidity $\eta$. The approximate area of a $2 \times 2$ tower cluster
is indicated by a small circle around the
large energy deposition in a single BEMC tower. Also shown is the size of a cone (near-cone) around the electron candidate. The away-side area is sketched
by the black dashed rectangular region. The TPC high-$p_{T}$ entry appears in the same $\eta-\phi$ region as the large BEMC $E_{T}$ entry.
Both BEMC SMD layers show a large energy deposition at the same location in the $\eta-\phi$ plane as the TPC high-$p_{T}$ and the BEMC
high-$E_{T}$ entry.
An electron candidate is defined to be any TPC track with $p_T>10\,$GeV$/c$ that is associated with a primary vertex
with $|z|<100\,$cm, where $z$ is the distance along the beam direction.
A $2\times 2$ BEMC tower cluster $E_{T}$ sum
is required to be larger than $15\,$GeV. The excess BEMC $E_{T}$ sum in a $4 \times 4$ tower cluster centered around the respective $2\times 2$ tower
cluster is required to be below $5\%$. In addition, the distance between the $2\times 2$ cluster tower centroid and the TPC track is required to be less
than $7\,$cm. A near-cone
is formed around the electron candidate direction with a radius in $\eta$-$\phi$ space of $R=0.7$. The excess BEMC and TPC $E_{T}$ sum is required to be less than
$12\%$ of the $2\times 2$ cluster $E_T$. The away side requirement is based on a cut on the BEMC and TPC $E_{T}$ sum to be less than $8\,$GeV. This sum is
extended over the full $\eta$ range of the BEMC and EEMC and $\Delta \phi=0.7$ as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 8 shows the evolution of all cuts for the BEMC $2 \times 2$ $E_{T}$ distribution. A clear Jacobian peak emerges characteristic for $W$
production in contrast to QCD background dominating the low $E_{T}$ region.

A data-driven
procedure was applied to estimate the level of QCD background events.
The first part consists of an estimate of the impact of the missing calorimeter coverage for $-2<\eta<-1$ on the cluster $E_{T}$ distribution.
This estimate was obtained by performing
a parallel analysis without the EEMC as an active detector. The difference in yield of accepted events as a function of $E_{T}$
provides an absolute estimate for the missing calorimetric coverage.
The remaining
background is estimated by fitting a separate QCD shape distribution in $E_{T}$ to the region of $E_{T}<19\,$GeV shown as the black histogram in
Figure 9.
The fitted QCD background distribution is shown by the
blue histogram in Figure 9. The background subtracted distribution is shown by the yellow histogram. Figure 9 also
shows the distribution from a PYTHIA Monte-Carlo simulation. Good agreement in yield and shape is found between the data and Monte-Carlo distribution for the
charge-sum BEMC $E_{T}$ distribution. In the meantime, a considerable effort has been performed on the TPC calibration to allow a full charge-sign separation. This
and in particular the first measurement of the respective charge-separated cross-sections and parity-violating singe-spin asymmetries $A_{L}$ at mid rapidity will
be discussed in a forthcoming publication.

Future planned high-statistics measurements at forward and
backward pseudo-rapidities will focus on constraining the polarization of $\bar{d}$ and $\bar{u}$  quarks, respectively
to deepen our understanding of the spin structure of the QCD sea.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=160mm]{w-jacobian}}
\label{w-jacobian}
\caption{{\it Reconstructed BEMC lepton transverse energy for $W$ events.}}
\end{figure}

\section*{References}

\bibliographystyle{iopart-num}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Senate defeats amendment to block funds for holding Guantanamo detainees in US
Carrie Schimizzi
November 18, 2009 12:31:00 pm
[JURIST] The US Senate [official website] on Tuesday rejected an attempt to bar using federal funds to build or modify prisons in the US to hold detainees from Guantanamo Bay [JURIST news archive]. By a mostly party-line 57-43 vote [roll call vote], the Senate defeated an amendment [S AMDT 2774 text, PDF] to the Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act [text, PDF; HR 3082 materials], proposed by Senator James Inhofe (R-OK) [official website], which would have prevented federal funds from being used to construct or modify prison facilities in the US to hold Guantanamo detainees. The action suggests congressional Democrats may be lining up behind President Obama's vision for closing [JURIST report] the Guantanamo military prison. The Senate approved [roll call vote] the $133.9 billion fiscal 2010 spending bill after defeating the amendment, which Illinois officials feared could have complicated the Obama administration's plans to move [JURIST report] Guantanamo detainees to the Thomson Correctional Facility [IDOC backgrounder], a maximum security prison in Northwestern Illinois. The proposed measure was also seen as a hindrance to President Obama's administration plans to try suspected terrorists in civilian courts in New York City.
Last week, Attorney General Eric Holder [official website] announced [JURIST report] that the government will pursue federal charges in a Manhattan district court against five men accused of conspiring to commit the 9/11 terrorist attacks [JURIST news archive]. Earlier this month, the US Senate voted 54-45 [JURIST report] to defeat an amendment to an appropriations bill that would have prevented Guantanamo detainees accused of involvement in 9/11 from being tried in federal courts. In October, US President Barack Obama signed [JURIST report] into law the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act of 2010 [HR 2892 materials] which allows for Guantanamo Bay detainees to be transferred to the US for prosecution.
California dispatch: Newsom proposes budget blueprint to address 'existential threats'
US Supreme Court reinforces criminal defendant right to cross-examine witnesses
US Supreme Court again rejects attempt to block Texas abortion ban
Former Pope Benedict XVI accused of misconduct in 4 sexual abuse cases
Russia central bank proposes wider ban on cryptocurrency usage and mining
Climate Change Inaction and Children's Rights
by Dr. Elisa Fornalé and Tamara Köhler
The Little Engine That Could: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Creation of the UN Special Court for Sierra Leone
by David M. Crane
Ghostbots, the Quest for Digital Immortality and the Law
by Mauricio Figueroa
Achieving Parity in Legal Age of Marriage Without Addressing the Elephant in the Room
by Aarya Parihar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
BreakupsJune 20, 2017
Phil Mickelson, caddie Jim "Bones" Mackay part ways after 25 years
Alex Myers
Stuart Franklin GULLANE, SCOTLAND - JULY 21: Phil Mickelson of the United States holds the Claret Jug with caddie Jim Mackay after the final round of the 142nd Open Championship at Muirfield on July 21, 2013 in Gullane, Scotland. (Photo by Stuart Franklin/Getty Images)
If Phil Mickelson completes the career Grand Slam, it's going to happen with another caddie. On Tuesday afternoon, Mickelson and longtime bag man Jim "Bones" Mackay announced they are parting ways through a joint statement sent to various members of the media. At least to golf fans, the phrase "nothing lasts forever" has never seemed rung more true.
Mackay has been Mickelson's caddie since he turned pro in 1992, and the two have shared 25 memorable years together. Most notably, the pair won 41 PGA Tour titles, including five major championships, and competed in a record 11 Ryder Cups together. And the on-course conversations through the years between golf's current longest-running player-caddie relationship have become the stuff of legend.
Phil's brother, Tim, who is also Jon Rahm's agent, will replace Bones on the bag for now. Earlier in the season, Tim stepped in for Bones at the WGC-Mexico Championship after Bones got sick. Prior to that, Bones hadn't missed a round on Mickelson's bag since the 1999 American Express Championship. There were rumors circulating that Bones might go to Rahm's bag, but the young star quickly shot that down on Tuesday afternoon.
https://twitter.com/JonRahmpga/status/877269736832159744
When Mickelson won the 2013 Open Championship, it was Bones who broke down in tears. That was also the last win for Mickelson, who recently turned 47.
RELATED: A unauthorized history of Phil Mickelson and the thumbs up
Mickelson withdrew from last week's U.S. Open to attend his daughter's high school graduation. However, he held out hope until Thursday that he could make his first-round tee time if there was a weather delay, and he even sent Bones to Erin Hills to do a scouting report.
There's speculation whether Mackay, who had double knee replacement surgery in November, will caddie for another PGA Tour pro or take a job in television. Mackay drew positive reviews when he worked as a reporter for Golf Channel during the 2015 RSM Classic.
Here is Phil Mickelson's statement:
After 25 very rewarding and memorable years, Bones and I have mutually decided to end our player-caddie relationship. Our decision is not based on a single incident. We just feel it's the right time for a change.
Bones is one of the most knowledgable and dedicated caddies in the world. He is always prepared and has the ability to make decisions in pressure packed situations. Bones is without a doubt one of the most thoughtful people that I have ever known. The next player to work with him will obviously be very lucky.
My relationship and history with Bones far exceeds golf. He has been one of the most important and special people in my life since the day we met and I will always be grateful for everything he has done for me. Amy and I, and our children, will always think of Bones, Jen, Oliver, and Emma as family.
We are looking forward to sharing life and friendship with them forever.My brother Tim will be on my bag for the rest of the year. Bones has not used his veto this year andI heard a rumor that he is trying to pass his veto to Tim. For the record, vetoes are non-transferable.
And here is Bones' statement:
After an amazing 25-year run, Phil and I have mutually decided to go our separate ways. Player-caddie relationships don't often last that long. I will always be grateful that I was around to witness so much of Phil's career.When Phil hired me in 1992, I had one dream: to caddie in a Ryder Cup. Last year, at Hazeltine, Phil played in his 11th straight Ryder Cup. It was so cool to have a front row seat.
I wish Phil nothing but the best. His game is still at an elite level, and when he wins in the future (definitely the Masters), I will be among the first to congratulate him.
I do want to say for the record that I did not use my "veto" this year. I would like to pass it along to Tim, in all its glory.
Thank you Phil.
Jim Bones Mackay
No, thank you, guys. Joking about the annual "veto" 'til the very end? This dynamic duo will be sorely missed.
RELATED: This touching tribute to Phil & Bones will bring you to tears
WATCH: GOLF DIGEST VIDEOS
Trending on Golf World
2019 British Open picks: Why our anonymous PGA Tour caddie is picking Tiger Woods this week - Golf Digest
British Open 2019: With a swing in need of a bit more practice, Tiger Woods braves Wednesday's rain - Golf Digest
Golf News & ToursBritish Open 2019: Whose legacy would benefit the m…


Whenever you hear or read about Norwegian history, Syttende Mai is difinitely a topic visited. Ever wonder how to pronounce it…??? It's simple, just say "Soot in my eye!! Now that you can say it, here is some history on Westby's annual festival. The 2012 weekend dates are May 18,19,20, 2012.
Westby's Annual Syttende Mai Festival commemorates Norway's Independence Day. In December 1813, Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden. Therefore ending a 434 years of union between Norway and Denmark. The Norwegian Constitution was signed on May 16, 1814 and was ratified by Christian Frederik on May 17th. To this day, May 17th is celebrated as the Norwegian national day. Thus Syttende Mai – 17th of May. The day Norway achieved independence for Denmark. However, on July 27, 1814, the Swedes attacked and Norway was forced to surrender. The union was formally dissolved in JJune 7, 1905, when Norway declared itself independent of Sweden.
The Norwegian immigrants brought the tradition of celebrating Syttende Mai with them to America and the first Westby festival was officially organized and celebrated in1969. To this day the three-day celebration features Norwegian traditions, heritage and good old fashion ethic food. A bicycle tour, 5 k walk/run, arts & crafts, kiddie parades and children's games, are just part of the fun. Church meatball dinners, rommegrot, and lefsa are in abundance during the weekend; along with great local entertainment and Sunday's outstanding car and bike show and huge parade!
Viist www.westbysyttendemai.com site for a complete list of activities and more information on events and the Saturday entertainment by Nashville songwriter and local native, Cora Rose.


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Home Forums > Creative Writing > By the Genre > Fantasy >
Prophecies in fantasy
Discussion in 'Fantasy' started by Stormsong07, Dec 1, 2018.
What are your thoughts on prophecies in fantasy?
You know, like in the stories where it's prophecized that the lost prince will return some day, or the 'chosen one' will rise. Or the more specific, riddle-types (like Lord of the Rings "renewed will be blade that was broken/the crownless again shall be king").
Or, if you've read the Percy Jackson books (and the follow-up series), they can't even go on a quest until there is a prophecy, and it's usually a rhyming, specific one.
What are your opinions on this?
You see, I'm toying with using one in my novel, but trying to be a little more subtle about it. My idea is that only the bad guys have heard the prophecy, and therefore act against the good guys in an attempt to stop it coming true. But the good guys only know a snippet of the prophecy and don't even realize it IS a prophecy until after the big battle (in which it comes true) and that gives them the "Oooh, so THAT'S why they attacked us" realization.
I can give more explanation if you need it, but trying not to present you with a wall of text, lol. Mostly I'm just looking for opinions on the use of prophecy in fantasy. Good or bad or eh and why?
Stormsong07, Dec 1, 2018
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Nariac Contributor Contributor
I like prophecies where they're misinterpreted.
"You were the Chosen One! You were meant to bring balance to the Force, not destroy it!"
if a prophecy goes right, it's a spoiler.
Nariac, Dec 1, 2018
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LoaDyron Contributor Contributor
Profephies are a very tricky subject. Or you do it right and works, or you do it wrong, and people will drop off. Is not easy because it has overdone so many times. Try that idea you have, write it down and share on this forum and then see what people think.
LoaDyron, Dec 1, 2018
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Just a cookiemunster Active Member
cookie world
I don't want to discourage you from writing Prophecies if that is what you want for your story but I am not crazy about the concept myself. As written above it is like a spoiler and I know the hero is going to find the golden sword and defeat the ultimate evil because it was already written so. But that does not mean one cannot turn the concept and idea into a good story. Trust me if the story is good, as a reader, I will read it and enjoy it.
Just a cookiemunster, Dec 1, 2018
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Bone2pick Contributor Contributor
Like nearly every other fantasy trope, I love prophecies when they're smartly executed. And if you ask me The Matrix did it brilliantly.
Bone2pick, Dec 1, 2018
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SolZephyr Member Supporter
I usually don't like prophecies, but it depends on how they're executed.
To me, accurate prophecies imply:
1) there is a way to know the future
2) it doesn't matter because either a) the future is set in stone or b) some cosmic force is guiding all events
To me, that takes away a lot of the agency of individuals in the story. If prophecies can be successfully averted, however (even if it's just in part), that's usually a plus in my book, since that means that people are able to forge their own fates in whatever universe they live in.
SolZephyr, Dec 1, 2018
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TirelessSeven Active Member
SolZephyr said: ↑
I agree, the seeming inevitability of a self-fulfilling prophecy can be a major turn-off and is almost always turned on it's head (in some way) when it's done well. Doesn't matter to me how it's presented (rhyming specific or otherwise) as long as it's treated well.
My biggest issue with it (when it's not done well) is that often these prophecies are not tied up satisfactorily - only aspects of them get resolved (usually the ones pertaining to the MC and the ultimate conflict) and we're left as readers with a bunch of loose-ends. Thinking about things like The Wheel of Time, where the whole series basically begins with a prophecy, and we're given lots of hints and clues along the way which - some of them, at least - don't make a whole lot of sense in the end. I know there are extenuating circumstances - like the author dying before the series was finished and arguably that story just got too damn big to have no loose ends at all - but I found that aspect of it disappointing. A definite eh, for me, after a pretty good start.
I guess I'm saying, prophecy is fine, however, the potential for plot-holes and inconsistencies tends to be much higher in these stories. Your idea sounds like it could be interesting.
If I could suggest something short for you to read? There's a short-story called 'The Lesser Evil' in Andrzej Sapkowski's book 'The Last Wish' where he handles prophecy in an interesting way. I'd recommend the whole 'Witcher' series to anyone who's thinking of using prophecy in a fantasy story (and anyone who likes fantasy in general), but if you don't have the time for that, 'The Lesser Evil' is worth reading on its own. Could be particularly relevant to you because it deals with the aftermath of a preemptive strike against a prophecy and questions the nature of the trope itself with intelligent self-awareness.
TirelessSeven, Dec 2, 2018
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Bone2pick said: ↑
Yeah, that was a good scene of a prophecy.
Artifacs Senior Member
In the Geralt's of Rivia Saga, the author plays differently with the non-deterministic prophecy concept. He doesn't call it prophecy but destiny, and everyone can be bound to some particular destiny if the fate itself is challenged by a very strong will.
The MC does something that challenges destiny whitout noticing it. He doesn't even believe in destiny at all. For him, the only fate for sure is death. But many other characters around him actually believe in the destiny he has been bounded to, and their faith conditions their behaviour and thoughts.
It's very interesting see how destiny(?) makes its moves as the story unfolds around the MC. Since the MC doesn't believe in fate, the reader keeps always the doubt in terms of Fate Vs Coincidence. Sometimes an event seems just coincidence and sometimes not. There's always this doubt, and since I haven't finished the Saga yet, I trully hope this conflict won't be solved. I rather keep the doubt than unravel the will of fate. The Fate shouldn't want the reader to know how it works, as in real life, that makes it more interesting in a story, I believe.
Artifacs, Dec 2, 2018
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Matt E Ruler of the planet Omicron Persei 8 Contributor
Prophecies can take the fun away. If it is foretold that the king will return, then where's the tension? I suppose the prophecy could say that while the king will return, one of his closest companions will die, but that's just a spoiler. I'll see it coming, so it won't be as impactful.
Maybe the prophecy is "the good guy and the bad guy are gonna have an epic fight and one of them will die" (I'm looking at you, Harry Potter), but that always happens. There isn't really a point.
Prophecies really needs to work well to help. I want to see heroes succeed because of who they are, not because fate is entering in the cheat codes for them. Give me a prophecy that the Dark Lord will reign for a thousand years in terror. Then break it.
Matt E, Dec 5, 2018
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Vandor76 Senior Member
Certain plots have a well defined, or at least expected, ending: like the hero will defeat the bad guy, gets the princess and become king. A prophecy telling exactly this does not worth to write it. If the reader doesn't know exactly how the prophecy will come true, it can be interesting. Think about a story, where the "hero" is essentially two men (friends or brothers) who fight against the bad guy together, and we don't know which of them will be the promised king.
A common way to create an interesting prophecy is to use unclear wording. The prophecy that boosted Nostradamus' "carreer" (Prophecies I/35) states that the young lion will kill the old one in a duel by stabbing his eye. Later on, when french king Henrik II was killed in a tournament where a broken lance stabbed his neck and eye it was said that Nostradamus augured the event and this earned him fame.
ETA: a good prophecy is a foreshadowing tool and like any other such tool it is only good if the reader has no idea what will come, but after it happens (s)he says "Oh, how straightforward, I should have known"
Vandor76, Dec 5, 2018
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BlitzGirl Senior Member
I like fantasy prophecies. Then again, there are a lot of overused, cliche plots out there that I am a sucker for (such as epic journeys with a ragtag group). But I understand that prophecies in fiction can be done "wrong".
But everyone saying "But it spoils the story!" aren't stopping to consider that while, yes, the reader may know the basics of what may happen, they probably don't know HOW the characters in question are going to react, or whether fulfilling a prophecy is even going to be easy. There could be a lot of twists and turns, joy and grief, along the way that were NOT prophecised. People are assuming that a prophecy means that what is prophecised is a plot summary of the story, but that's not it at all. It merely describes one ultimate event. But how much blood will be shed before we reach that point?
In my current story, the main character's special status grants her SOME degree of clairvoyance, but it is unreliable at best. She can never tell a nightmare/dream apart from what is actually a vision, and that makes her nervous. She has a dream/vision of someone she cares about dying, and even if it does inevitably happen, it a) doesn't happen the way she imagined and b) it doesn't stop the actual death from being any less painful for her. I actually don't mind my characters KNOWING about something that will happen, because then I get to play around with any fears, anxiety, or hope they feel now that they have that knowledge. HOW will they deal with the knowledge? What steps will they take along the way? That's how I like seeing prophecies handled (as well as the famous Matrix example given above. Such a damn good scene). It's like...why add a prophecy or a vision to your story if you aren't going to play around with how it affects your characters?
BlitzGirl, Dec 5, 2018
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Oh, and to clarify about my post: I like using prophecies as a a way to screw with my characters, to get them scared, play with their emotions, etc. What fun is a prophecy if the characters in question aren't worried about it?
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@BlitzGirl your reply makes a lot of sense. The impact on the characters angle, in particular. Gonna muse on that for a bit and see if it affects my idea...
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BlitzGirl said: ↑
But everyone saying "But it spoils the story!" aren't stopping to consider that while, yes, the reader may know the basics of what may happen, they probably don't know HOW the characters in question are going to react, or whether fulfilling a prophecy is even going to be easy.
Agreed. Imo some of the replies in this thread have overstated the consequence of "knowing the outcome" to a story. Was there any doubt Patrick Swayze and Jennifer Grey were going to make it work by the end of Dirty Dancing? I don't think so. Was there any doubt Marty Mcfly wouldn't ensure his parents fell in love in Back to the Future? No, none at all. We all know where these types of stories are going, but we enjoy the characters, the conflict, and the journey all the same. And this applies to protagonist prophecies. If they ruined stories, storytellers wouldn't continue to use them.
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Nariac said: ↑
I like the idea of a twist to a prophecy that nobody expects ...or there is something they're assuming ABOUT the prophecy that's not quite right. I can't think of an example right off the top of my head, but I know I've read books where the prophecy either has a sting in the tail, or there is something about it that seems more complicated than it actually is. Good point.
I just remembered one. The Nazgul king in LOTR who thinks he's invincible because the prophecy said that no man can kill him. And he is killed by Eowyn, a woman. That kind of thing.
jannert, Dec 5, 2018
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Not to mention, it is also Merry, a Hobbit, not a (capital "M") Man who makes it possible for Eowyn to deliver the death blow! So, the two people who killed him were not "MEN" at all!
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@jannert and you, @BlitzGirl have pointed out great examples for this thread. TLOR Saga has a lot of details like this coincidence-Vs-prophecy thing.
Bilbo not killing Smeagol.
Smeagol being, actually, who throws the ring into the Fire of Destiny because Frodo can bring himself to do it.
Sam carrying Frodo up to the top and save him from sure death.
The Aragorn's army distracting Sauron at the gates just to buy time at first, but then forced to fight against the dark army without knowing a thing.
Probably, there're more examples like this I can't recall right now.
But the thing is that all the characters have their contribution in the final achievement and nobody are really sure why are they doing it or what are going to get the global results of their actions.
That's a very good way to tell a story involving prophecies.
Also, I agree with you that it's a good excuse to put your characters in tricky or funny situations.
I like this topic a lot.
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Artifacs said: ↑
My inner LotR fan is geeking out hard right now!
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anotherghost Member
Matt E said: ↑
this is my exact problem with prohpecies, they basically have to be vague and rough around the edges enough to subvert giving away their own punchline.
anotherghost, Dec 5, 2018
anotherghost said: ↑
That begs the question: do their punchlines need to be concealed. I would argue that they often don't.
Infel Contributor Contributor
I don't know, I think Macbeth did it pretty well.
Infel, Dec 6, 2018
Sithis001 New Member
Stormsong07 said: ↑
I personally don't like prophecies. But in the right context and used in the right way, they can be a powerful tool. If i use a prophecy at all, i alnost always use them in a religious context. It helps make my world feel more fleshed out.
Sithis001, Dec 25, 2018
RaitR_Grl Member
I have a plan for my novel, where in my opening chapter my MC finds a book buried in the rubber if an ancient fortress, and then chapter 2 will pick up with her figuring out her next step based on what she thinks she knows (having read the book between scenes). Later on, she'll think back and can't be sure if her little adventure that day really happened or if it was just a dream.
RaitR_Grl, Nov 18, 2019
Nesian Member
Imo, keep it as an ambiguous riddle so the readers can have fun trying to figure it out. Also, imo, do it in pieces for the impatient type of readers that would skip to the end just to find the answer if a whole prophecy is revealed with enough of the back story to have the answer satisfy their curiosity.
Nesian, Nov 18, 2019
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Through Time To London
Through Time to London is the first in a series that follows two Cavalier Spaniels, Brandy and Brinkley, on their adventures as they search for a way home.
Through Time To London, is a action adventure children's book written by WF member Brindy.
Buy on Amazon | More Info | Follow @Brindy


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The 'golden goodbye' payments for three MPs facing criminal charges over their expenses were last night suspended.
Commons Speaker John Bercow said the payments, which can run to tens of thousands of pounds for outgoing MPs, would be put on hold while the legal process was on-going.
Mr Bercow wrote to the clerk of the House Michael Jack telling him to 'suspend any payments which would otherwise be due and attributable' under the Resettlement Grant, until the criminal proceedings had been 'finally disposed of'.
On average, MPs leaving parliament receive a lump sum of £48,000.
The development came hours after prime minister Gordon Brown was accused of a 'humiliating' U-turn by withdrawing the Labour whip from David Chaytor , Elliot Morley and Jim Devine . Labour insisted their suspension, three days after they were charged, followed a review undertaken 'immediately' after it became clear they were facing trial.
But Conservative leader David Cameron claimed the decision was taken as he was readying to attack Mr Brown for allowing the MPs to use parliamentary privilege to escape prosecution. 'Now I gather, in a humiliating change, they have actually withdrawn the Labour whip from all three of those MPs. They are now in a headlong retreat,' he said.
Mr Chaytor, Mr Morley, Mr Devine and Tory Lord Hanningfield all deny charges of false accounting in their expense claims. They are due to appear in court next month and could face seven years in jail if found guilty.


The oustanding photograph is part of Derailleur: How Do They Work? has dimension 1211 x 808 pixel. You can download and receive the 10 Speed Derailleur images by click the download button below to get multiple high resolution versions.
Here is required instruction about Bike. We have the source for more photograph about Bike. Check it out for yourself! You can get Derailleur: How Do They Work? and look the Derailleur: How Do They Work? in here.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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My Buccos And A Missed Moment
September 21, 2010 May 1, 2019 by Stephen J FrankenberryLeave a Comment on My Buccos And A Missed Moment
So last week I made my yearly pilgrimage to NYC to catch my woeful Pittsburgh Pirates in Queens for one, sometimes two efforts of baseball indignity. This season it was two games to add to my string of losses while watching them live and further compound my misery. There was a 1-0 nothing, 10 inning loss in the first of four game set with the Mets where Chan-Ho Park came in a scoreless game and further exampled why Major League teams really need to stop paying this guy to wear a uniform. The second game though was a lot tougher to take. After briefly enjoying a five run lead in the fourth Pirates pitcher Paul maholm decided to throw batting practice while the defense decided to forget everything they learned in Little League. It wasn't this that was so tough though.
Now I realize that I'm 46 years old and there are plenty of things far more important in this brief life than baseball, a lot of them involving trying to survive and remembering to feed the cats. But my love affair with my Pittsburgh Pirates Ballclub is something I can't escape and has been ongoing now, winning or not, for 41 years or so. I guess I'm a true example of the loyal fan as the "winning or not" has been mostly "not" for most of those 41 years, but I still strap on my mental cleats and cup every exhibition season and look forward to another six months of knowing the names, numbers and watching the games, with tears or not. Baseball for some, is a passion that remembers the best times of youth and the dreams that can be associated with it as you pretended your favorite players in the backyard and played with all your heart on ballfields lost in time. However much baseball has sullied it's own reputation with drugs and greed and hubris it is still, and always, baseball…a perfect game.
So it was this second game I made my way to, with Cumulus pal Jeremiah, at Citi Field, the third game in the 3 game series, that was extra tough because I missed catching a home run ball in the 9th inning by inches, twice, and missed the opportunity to relive a little those dreams. The disappointment I felt at the time and still do can seem kind of silly for it just being a game but in my six seasons of catching my boys live I have yet to see a victory (about 9 games or so I think) so it felt like I missed a gift the Pirate baseball gods offered up to me as a sort of recompense for my fandom travails. Those Bucco gods had Andrew McCutchen, Pirates center fielder, hit the homer right to me but I didn't have my glove on, until too late, as I saw it coming our way. (This is the link to the highlight of that homerun).
http://pittsburgh.pirates.mlb.com/video/play.jsp?content_id=12114299&topic_id=8877442&c_id=pit
Again the silliness of a grown man's disappointment of missing a ball in a game is evident to the casual, but to me it hurt and still does and all can say is, alas. But I still love my Bucs, winners or not, and I will be there at some point next season wearing my bright gold pullover and also my glove, at all times, hoping those baseball gods give me a second shot.


Recycling old things into new things.
The East London Furniture company used free used wooden pallets to make furniture.
It's fun to watch them build so fast!
East London Furniture from tom bolwell on Vimeo.


text:
Phillips multiplane No.5
Phillips - multiplane No.3 / No.4 - 1904 - Великобритания <– –> Phoenix - helicopter observation platform - 1916 - Великобритания
A.Andrews. The Flying Machine: Its Evolution through the Ages (Putnam)
PHILLIPS multi-plane No.5 1907
This was a most unusual multi-plane, built with 200 slats, 1_ inches wide and 1/8" thick and with two inch spaces between them, carried in four separate frames. It was a tractor with, presumably, the previous engine driving a wide bladed propeller. There were no tail surfaces and the pilot sat in the center between two of the frames. The body of the machine consisted of a triangular girder with lattice bracing of steel ribbon. The machine rested on two twenty-eight inch bicycle wheels in tandem with two smaller wheels at the wingtips.
It seems possible that Phillips lifted off the ground with this machine at Streatham in the middle of 1907. The airborne distance of about 500ft in a 30mph wind was calculated later. Although Phillips never claimed this as a flight, it could well have been the first sustained flight in the country. Further tests anchored to a pole by a 200ft wire were also made. Multi-planes, and No.5 in particular, were more in the nature of test equipment and not suitable for development into successful flying machines.
Power: 22hp petrol engine, eight-cylinder air-cooled make unknown, driving a 7ft diameter propeller
Area 140 sq ft
Height 10ft
Phillips 1907 Multiplane
1907 saw the appearance of Horatio F. Phillips's most unusual Multiplane, which embodied four frames containing a total of some two hundred very narrow chord wings of venetian-blind formation. The machine was without a tail unit and was mounted on tandem main wheels, smaller auxiliary wheels being fitted at the wing-tips on the second frame from the front. A two-bladed 7 ft. diameter tractor propeller of very generous area was turned by a 22 h.p. engine.
The Multiplane was tested at Streatham during mid-1907 and is claimed to have taken off in a 30 m.p.h. wind, to have been stable longitudinally, and to have flown a distance calculated to be about 500 ft.; thus giving Horatio Phillips a strong claim to the honour of being the first person to make a flight under power in Great Britain. Span, 20 ft. Length, 15 ft. Height, 10 ft. Weight empty, 500 lb. Weight loaded, 650 lb.
In 1907 the indefatigable Phillips, now aged 62, put four banks of 48 aerofoils in tandem behind a 7ft propeller driven by a 20hp engine; and there is good ground for believing his report that it lifted off the ground of Streatham Common for 500ft - which would make it the first powered aeroplane ever to be flown in Great Britain, beating Samuel Franklin Cody's performance at Farnborough in 1908 by over a year.
Phillips continued to design, though no longer to build, his individualist aeroplanes. But his theoretical work on the aerodynamic properties of aerofoils was confirmed and enlarged in the first decade of the twentieth century by F. W. Lanchester of England, G. H. Bryan of Wales, and Ludwig Prandtl of Germany. As a quartet of individual thinkers, these men laid the foundations of aerodynamic theory, which influenced all ensuing aircraft design and construction.
A.Andrews - The Flying Maschine: Its Evolution through the Ages /Putnam/
The Phillips multiplane of 1907 may well have been the first British powered aircraft to fly.
Phillips No.5 multiplane was airborne at Streatham for a 500ft straight flight and for circular flights anchored to a pole in 1907.


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Jack Hively
Hively with actress Gloria Swanson on the set of the 1941 film, Father Takes a Wife
(1910-09-05)September 5, 1910
Denver, Colorado, United States
December 19, 1995(1995-12-19) (aged 85)
Hollywood, California, United States
Film director, editor
Jack Hively (September 5, 1910 – December 19, 1995) was an American film editor and film and television director whose career lasted from the 1930s through the 1980s. His father and his brother were also film editors. He began as a film editor, before moving on to direct features. His career was interrupted by his enlistment in the U.S. Army following the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in December 1941. After the war he returned to directing films, before moving on to directing on television.
1 Life and career
2 Filmography
Life and career
Hively was part of a theatrical family, his father, George Hively, was an Academy Award-nominated editor (for the 1935 film, The Informer), and his brother, George Hively Jr., was a film and television editor.[1] His mother was Georgenia Margaret Hively (née Steele).
Hively began his career in the film industry as an editor at RKO in 1933,[2] working as an assistant editor on the Richard Dix film, No Marriage Ties.[3] By the following year he was an editor, working on such films as Success at Any Price[4] and Where Sinners Meet.[5] Other notable films which Hively edited include: Annie Oakley (1935), starring Barbara Stanwyck;[6] the 1936 comedy Smartest Girl in Town, starring Gene Raymond and Ann Sothern;[7] The Man Who Found Himself (1937), which marked the starring debut for Joan Fontaine;[8] Garson Kanin's 1938 comedy, Next Time I Marry, starring Lucille Ball, James Ellison, and Lee Bowman;[9] and the second installment of The Saint franchise, 1939's The Saint Strikes Back, which marked the first time George Sanders appeared in the role.[10] After his work on The Saint, Hively would be given the opportunity to direct his own films, beginning with 1939's They Made Her a Spy.[11]
By 1940, he was considered by some to be one of the best directors in Hollywood.[12][13] Between 1939 and the outbreak of World War II, Hively directed 14 features.[14] Having edited the second film in The Saint franchise, Hively directed the next three as well, The Saint Takes Over and The Saint's Double Trouble in 1940,[14] and in 1941 he directed the first feature film ever to be filmed in Palm Springs, California, The Saint in Palm Springs[12] Other notable films which Hively directed during this time include: a sequel to Anne of Green Gables, Anne of Windy Poplars, starring Anne Shirley;[15] the 1941 comedy starring Gloria Swanson and Adolphe Menjou, Father Takes a Wife;[16] and the 1942 film noir, Street of Chance, starring Burgess Meredith and Claire Trevor.[17]
In 1941, Hively began dating Dorothy Lovett.[18] The two had planned to marry on Christmas Day 1941, but Hively's enlistment in the Army Signal Corps caused those plans to be delayed.[19][20] While training for the Army Signal Corps at Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio, Hively married actress Dorothy Lovett on March 17, 1942, St. Patrick's Day.[21][22][23] Hively joined the Army Signal Corps in late 1941, and remained in the service for the duration of World War II, rising to the rank of Major.[19][24] He served under General MacArthur in the Pacific Theater, along with screenwriter Jesse Lasky Jr.[25] Prior to joining MacArthur's group in the Pacific, Hively was used to direct training films.[26] While shooting one of those training films in Alaska, How to Operate in Cold Weather, Hively suffered what some accounts called "a very bad case of frostbite."[27][28] After his discharge, Hively returned to the film industry, this time working for Universal Pictures, mostly as a second unit director.[2]
By the end of the 1940s, Hively had left the film industry, and turned his attention to television.[14] He worked sparingly during the 1950s,[29] before becoming active once again in the 1960s and 1970s. He worked regularly on several television series, including Death Valley Days, Lassie, and The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams, as well as directing several TV movies. His final directorial credit was a television film entitled California Gold Rush.[29]
Hively died on December 19, 1995, in Hollywood, California, and was buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.[30]
(as per AFI's database)[14]
1933 Ace of Aces Assistant editor
1933 No Marriage Ties Assistant editor
1934 Success at Any Price Editor
1934 Man of Two Worlds Editor
1934 Where Sinners Meet Editor
1935 Annie Oakley Editor
1935 Romance in Manhattan Editor
1935 His Family Tree Editor
1935 The Arizonian Editor
1935 Strangers All Editor
1936 Muss 'Em Up Editor
1936 Smartest Girl in Town Editor
1936 Murder on a Bridle Path Editor
1936 Bunker Bean Editor
1936 Grand Jury Editor
1937 Border Café Editor
1937 There Goes the Groom Editor
1937 Wise Girl Editor
1937 The Man Who Found Himself Editor
1937 Don't Tell the Wife Editor
1937 Criminal Lawyer Editor
1937 You Can't Buy Luck Editor
1937 The Life of the Party Editor
1937 The Big Shot Editor
1938 Joy of Living Editor
1938 The Affairs of Annabel Editor
1938 Blond Cheat Editor
1938 Next Time I Marry Editor
1938 A Man to Remember Editor
1939 The Great Man Votes Editor
1939 The Saint Strikes Back Editor
1939 They Made Her a Spy Director
1939 Panama Lady  Director
1939 Three Sons Director
1939 Two Thoroughbreds Director
1939 The Spellbinder Director
1940 Anne of Windy Poplars Director
1940 Laddie Director
1940 The Saint Takes Over Director
1940 The Saint's Double Trouble Director
1941 Father Takes a Wife Director
1941 The Saint in Palm Springs Director
1941 They Met in Argentina Director Hively replaced Leslie Goodwins as director when Goodwins was hospitalized for pneumonia[31]
1942 Four Jacks and a Jill Director
1942 Street of Chance Director
1944 Attack! The Battle of New Britain Cinematographer, editor
1945 Appointment in Tokyo Director Preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2013.[32]
1947 The Egg and I Second unit director
1948 Are You with It? Director
1948 You Gotta Stay Happy Second unit director
1949 Family Honeymoon Second unit director
1949 Criss Cross Second unit director
1949 Once More, My Darling Second unit director
1949 Take One False Step Second unit director, associate producer
1973 Starbird and Sweet William Director, producer
^ "George B. Hively". Variety. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
^ a b Brennan, Sandra. "Jack Hively, Biography". AllMovie. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
^ "No Marriage Ties: Detail View". American Film Institute. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ "Success at Any Price: Detail View". American Film Institute. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ "Where Sinners Meet: Detail View". American Film Institute. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ "Annie Oakley: Detail View". American Film Institute. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ "Smartest Girl in Town: Detail View". American Film Institute. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ "The Man Who Found Himself: Detail View". American Film Institute. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ "Next Time I Marry: Detail View". American Film Institute. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ "The Saint Strikes Back: Detail View". American Film Institute. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ "They Made Her a Spy: Detail View". American Film Institute. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ a b Jay, Burdette (September 15, 1940). "Young Film Director Has Lonely Time". The Times (Hammond, Indiana). p. 59. Retrieved August 19, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "At the Theaters". The Waxahachie Daily Light. January 11, 1943. p. 3. Retrieved August 19, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^ a b c d "Jack Hively, Filmography". American Film Institute. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
^ "Anne of Windy Poplars: Summary View". American Film Institute. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ "Father Takes a Wife: Summary View". American Film Institute. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ "Street of Chance: Summary View". American Film Institute. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ Johnson, Erskine (May 22, 1941). "Hollywood Today". Big Spring Daily Herald. p. 5. Retrieved August 19, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^ a b "Mingle Bells". St. Petersburg Times. December 15, 1941. p. 13. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
^ Carroll, Harrison (January 1, 1942). "Behind the Scenes in Hollywood". The Neosho Daily News. p. 4. Retrieved August 19, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "News At-a-Glance". The Sandusky Register. March 14, 1942. p. 3. Retrieved August 19, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "Actress Will Marry Director in Army". The San Bernardino County Sun. March 15, 1942. p. 4. Retrieved August 19, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "Cupid, Air Corps Wings Are Paired". The Daily Times (New Philadelphia, Ohio). March 20, 1942. p. 6. Retrieved August 19, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "Appointment in Tokyo, Article". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
^ Lyons, Leonard (March 10, 1945). "Broadway Gazette". Harrisburg Telegraph. p. 12. Retrieved August 19, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Johnson, Erskine (August 1, 1943). "Hollywood on the Loose". Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. p. 32. Retrieved August 19, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Lyons, Leonard (June 2, 1943). "Broadway Medley". The Times (San Mateo, California). p. 8. Retrieved August 19, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Johnson, Erskine (July 28, 1943). "Around Hollywood: Yank Humor". Pampa Daily News. p. 4. Retrieved August 19, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^ a b "Jack Hively (1910–1995)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
^ Resting Places
^ "They Met in Argentina: Detail View". American Film Institute. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ "Preserved Projects". Academy Film Archive.
Jack Hively at IMDb
Films directed by Jack Hively
They Made Her a Spy (1939)
Panama Lady (1939)
The Spellbinder (1939)
Three Sons (1939)
Two Thoroughbreds (1939)
The Saint's Double Trouble (1940)
The Saint Takes Over (1940)
Anne of Windy Poplars (1940)
Laddie (1940)
The Saint in Palm Springs (1941)
They Met in Argentina (1941)
Father Takes a Wife (1941)
Four Jacks and a Jill (1942)
Street of Chance (1942)
Appointment in Tokyo (1945)
Are You with It? (1948)
Starbird and Sweet William (1973)
SUDOC (France)
This page was last edited on 16 October 2022, at 20:02


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Wildenstein Scandal The End of the Road
23 April 2011 / Art Categories Art News, News / Art Tags bride of Wildenstein, Guy and Alec Wildenstein / / / / /
Guy Wildenstein and his brother Alec have been surrounded by more scandal than any other wealthy family bar the Kennedys and the Gettys . The 65 year old billionaire, who is the president of Wildenstein & Co. presides over one of the most prestigious art dealerships in the world. It is a global multi billion dollar business which dates back five generations and is still family run. Wildenstein is now facing charges by French anti-fraud investigators for alleged money-laundering and tax evasion. It is also thought that a charge of theft may possibly be added to the list as the gallery faces half a dozen lawsuits with allegations of fraud, handling of stolen paintings and deception. A number of years ago, the New York Times ran an article about artworks that had been stolen by the Nazis in the 1940's and discovered recently in the possession of the Wildensteins gallery. It is often said that Georges Wildenstein the grandfather of Guy and Alec openly traded with the Nazi regime. The Times report might have passed with little notice had it not been for Daniel's (Guy and Alec's father) comment to the newspaper that because the victims hadn't come forth at the time they had no rights now. The remark was so incredible, as one well known art dealer stated, it created a second controversy. People had whispered for years about the origins of the Wildenstein collection that, despite being French Jews themselves, they had made money by trafficking in looted Nazi art. The family has always dismissed such talk. "If you think something is ridiculous, why even comment on it?" says Alec". Their silence has recently led the world to believe, 'that there is no smoke without fire' and this seems to all be coming to light now in the murkey world of the Wildenstiens.
The seizure of about 30 works has put another uncomfortable focus on the scandal ridden Wildenstein family. The courts are also seeking answers to questions raised by the Académie des Beaux-Arts lawsuit. ADBA is a prestigious French cultural society that has filed a legal complaint seeking an inquiry into the whereabouts of a missing Morisot painting. The Wildenstein Institute a non profit charity which is run by the family as a research center in Paris has now been raided on several occasions. It is alleged that sculptures and paintings by artists such as Degas, Rembrandt Bugatti and Berthe Morisot have been carted off by the police. The works were reported missing by Jewish families who claimed restitution rights through new laws instituted in the 1990's. The law helps claim works stolen by the Nazis, from wealthy families. Heirs have had thousands of works returned through family estate settlements.
It has often been said that the Wildensteins are charming sociopaths. They have now reached the end of their dominance as art market leaders with career, credibility and possibly their liberty at stake. The raid and the subsequent legal action resulted from a criminal lawsuit filed in Paris by Mr. Wildenstein's stepmother, the late Sylvia Roth Wildenstein who alleged that, Guy and Alec, convinced their stepmother that their father died bankrupt to rob her of money from his estate. She accused Wildenstein of tax evasion and money laundering to mask the size of the family fortune by shuffling the ownership titles of Impressionist paintings, including 19 valuable works by Bonnard and storing the art in a Geneva vault as well as other tax havens, far from the reach of the French tax authorities. The Wildenstien brothers are joint American/French citizens with close ties to Sarkozy's Union for a Popular Movement party. He supported the party as a top donor and chief fund-raiser from the United States. This has led to questions being asked by the French press about the Government's slowness in acting on this case. It is now thought that the US Government will also begin to question the Wildenstein's tax status in America. The brothers are known to operate their own private jet which has been used to move Art between The USA, EU and tax havens. The question remains whether the correct paperwork has been generated and the true amount of duty paid on the sale of these valuable pictures.
This troubled family has also suffered a number of personal scandals, including the acrimonious divorce of Alec from Jocelyn 'Cat Woman' Wildenstein. Alec had been arrested and thrown in jail, charged with threatening his estranged wife, Jocelyne, with a gun in the bedroom in their family's Manhattan town house. She was granted a divorce in 1999 after she allegedly found Alec in a compromising position with a 19-year-old model. She sighted "sexual abandonment" and won a hefty settlement which she promptly spent on more plastic surgery securing her nickname as 'The Bride Of Wildenstein'. Could this family possibly bring more disgrace upon itself? We will see in the months ahead.


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By Michael Carroll
Google calls for digital balance
Google executive Maggie Stanphill argued that people should not necessarily always be connected to the digital world simply because technology enables them to.
Speaking to Mobile World Daily ahead of a conference session on digital wellbeing, Stanphill explained there is a balance to be struck between accessing the benefits of technology and getting "stuck in a habitual cycle", for example by constantly responding to emails or text messages.
Helping users to achieve such a balance is a challenge for all technology companies, but to do so requires new skill sets and expertise. These can be developed by "learning as much as we can" by analysing user behaviour: "This human-first approach will help us define and build experiences that don't necessarily enforce that always-on is a good thing, even if it's the result of great innovation," she said.
Google research found 70 per cent of users in markets where people own multiple devices want "more help in finding the right balance". At the same time, the company does not want to hinder users in markets where their mobile phone may be "the way an individual earns a living as well as a vehicle to new educational opportunities".
Over the past 12 months, Google has added "capabilities within core products such as Android and YouTube" to raise users' awareness of their tech habits.
"This includes ways for them to monitor their online usage (including parental controls), set timers for apps and establish important schedules for fewer distractions."
Stanphill noted user feedback has been positive, with people stating it has encouraged them to exert more self-control.
She also praised the inclusion of digital wellness on the MWC19 agenda, noting that "making room for this important conversation" will enable industry leaders to "create products and ecosystems that prioritise users' goals for living a meaningful life".


April 28 - May 4: Bielaczyc, K., Collins, A., O'Donnell, A., Hmelo-Silver, C., & Erkens, G. (2006). Fostering knowledge-creating communities. Collaborative learning, reasoning, and technology, 37–60. Lawrence Erlbaum.
OCRed PDF on Crocodoc (you can also download it from there).
Jessy Kate Schingler May 12, 2012, 4:34 p.m.
i really liked the first third of this paper - the description of ancient communities of inquiry and curiosity, the cultural integration, the mentorship and informal interactions. but i found the authors' attempts to abstract lessons from these sources to be sort of "flat"... i dont know a better way to describe it - they lacked life and excitement.
the 7 characteristics of knowledge sharing communities extracted were 1. sharing ideas, 2. multiple perspectives, 3. experimentation, 4. specialization, 5. cognitive conflict and discussions, 6. reflection, and 7. synthesis.
looking at this list, it's actually a pretty good list, though not necessarily novel. but it's missing any intuition about how to achieve those characteristics. i guess this is similar to others' comments that it was a very descriptive piece but didn't help much with identifying specific steps to take.
i'd like to see research which compares and evaluates different attempts to achieve those 7 qualities!
thieme recently pointed me towards erin knight's post on learning design principles, which is a nice compliment to the above list in that it provides practical ideas about designing good learning environments with several of those qualities.
Bodong Chen May 2, 2012, 11:07 a.m.
Two questions I was wondering about this article were: How are knowledge-creating communities in Silicon Valey different from those in ancient Greece? How are knowledge-building classrooms different from or linked to those knowledge-creating organizations?
Jennifer Claro May 2, 2012, 7:06 a.m.
A question: Do you think KB would work well as a small world network? KB often involves clusters, and self-organization to a greater or lesser extent. Specialization in small groups and then knowledge sharing seems to make use of many of the advantages of small world networks. What do you think?
Jennifer Claro April 30, 2012, 11:13 p.m.
I found it really interesting that the KF database at Whitman (the first of the 2 schools discussed) contained the work of all the students and not just each class of 25 (p. 48-49). So the students are working at 3 many different levels; at their own small group level based on their subtopic of choice (so about 8 students per group), at the class level, and at the inter-class level. Thus they get the chance to specialize in their own topic but also be exposed to many other related topics. It's also very cool that notes can be selected for publication (p. 47), so that later years of students can benefit from the knowledge gained by this year's students. This passing on of knowledge seems critical to a real KB community.
I found the 7 characteristics of knowledge-creating (why not Knowledge Building?) communities on p. 44 very useful. In building any learning community, instructors need to take these into consideration. The ones I'm most drawn to are "multiple perspectives" and "cognitive conflict and discussion". Too often in online communities we don't debate ideas because of fear of causing offense. But if we can attach the idea of debate to ideas, and not to people, maybe we can get past this obstacle. "Argumentation is crucial to bringing forth different alternatives to consider" (p. 43). I agree. But I think this may be hard for kids.
Finally, Howard raised a good point when he pointed out that there is no mention of learning outcomes. How does KB compare to traditional classes in terms of student learning outcomes? Have there been any studies done on this?
Bodong Chen May 2, 2012, 11:21 a.m.
In Reply To: Jennifer Claro April 30, 2012, 11:13 p.m.
Thanks for highlighting those points, Jennifer. Some of them didn't attract my attention at the first time of reading, but they seem to be really important.
For multiple perspectives and cognitive conflict among young kids, they're really hard. I think they are where teachers can really jump in to play an important role, maybe by making sure everyone's voice is heard in discussion and making connections between different ideas proposed by students.
Rebecca Cober April 30, 2012, 3:34 p.m.
Quick comment... I'm really glad Stian suggested this paper! I've been meaning to read it for awhile now, and its a hard paper to get ahold of. Thanks!
Jennifer Claro April 30, 2012, 6:46 p.m.
In Reply To: Rebecca Cober April 30, 2012, 3:34 p.m.
I'm just wondering about copyright issues with book chapters. I recently posted a chapter of a Bogdan & Biklen book at Athabasca U and the prof asked me to remove it because of copyright issues. Are we okay to post chapters in here?
In connection to this, Stian made a cool post in his blog the other day OISE/University of Toronto gets an Open Access policy! which included a link to The Cost of Knowledge, a researcher movement against high journal prices and restriction of freedom of access. Honestly it seems so crazy that in the 21st century with so much information being shared that journals are still so possessive about their knowledge assets. We are reading in our current article about how a knowledge creating community shares knowledge, how this is necessary for innovation and progress.
We really need better policies for sharing information. It's ridiculous that a group of graduate students have to worry about whether or not we can share this article.
But still... do we have to worry about it?
Rebecca Cober April 30, 2012, 11:10 p.m.
In Reply To: Jennifer Claro April 30, 2012, 6:46 p.m.
Jessy Kate Schingler May 1, 2012, 1:28 p.m.
In Reply To: Rebecca Cober April 30, 2012, 11:10 p.m.
i also wish we could just post everything online alwasy! but it's good to be cognizant of just how publicly we're posting stuff, and i think it's also a balance between how recent it is too. i'm comfortable posting things to this group and to crocdoc, since both are fairly obscured locations and one has to join/find specific content to access the papers we're posted.
Howard April 29, 2012, 12:55 a.m.
I read the chapter, but thought it to be rather superficial. From some questionable interpretations of knowledge building communities in the past (who knows what life was like in Greek City-State in 600 BC) an idealised picture is painted of the effects you can have when you put together the right people, places and things. This is then used to show that the use of Knowledge Forum and some additional tools can double as comparable surrounding for supporting knowledge building.
However, the chapter doesn't provide any experimental data on learning results, only some suggestive qualitative remarks.
I'm off for a two week holiday starting now, so I can't discuss any futher.
Bodong Chen April 30, 2012, 11:27 p.m.
In Reply To: Howard April 29, 2012, 12:55 a.m.
I agree with Howard this chapter turned out to be not as I expected. It's descriptive and general, with no "experimental" data to prove anything but more explaining practice in two school settings which were using Knowledge Forum and Knowledge Building to cultive knowledge creating capabilities of students.
However, I was hesitating to call it superficial before knowing more about the audience of the book. It seems the book is about collaborative learning with technology. If the main audience of this book were teachers, I believe it will be helpful to have detailed descriptions of various types of practice to foster creativity. When I was reading the second part of this paper, I found it very helpful to pass it to colleagues who're starting a group to experiment knowlege building in a primary school.
I'd love to read more about those studies mentioned by this paper, such as Segan (1980) and Brow & Duguid (2000). I've read a couple of studies about knowledge creation by other people such as Nonaka and Dunbar, and would like to read more on this topic.
Jennifer Claro May 2, 2012, 7:05 a.m.
In Reply To: Bodong Chen April 30, 2012, 11:27 p.m.
I found it useful because I'm a teacher (and may use some of these ideas in my own classes) and also because I love to see KB in action. I thought the commitment of the teachers was impressive, and the activities the kids did were worthwhile and very unschoollike. It was very cool to see how the teachers structured the KB, as well as the teacher collaboration. So I liked this article. From a theoretical point of view, I didn't learn much. I'd give it a 7/10.
Also, the question of how to assess KB activities was left out. Another question is how appropriate is KB in classes where standardized testing is the norm?
Bodong Chen May 2, 2012, 10:57 a.m.
In Reply To: Jennifer Claro May 2, 2012, 7:05 a.m.
The two questions you posed are really good. As I know, KB and standardized tests are not very good friends. It's not saying people cannot do KB if they do standardized tests, but they will have more obsticles. ICS Lab School at Toronto does not have test at all; all assessment is qualitative and individualized. KB is also active in Finland; they don't have test too. Right now there is a team in Nanjing, China trying to introduce KB to a local primary school. The first thing they did was to convince the principle to cancel tests for two experimental classes for two years. But that turned out to be not enough, because it's hard for teachers to make this transition from a test-centered teaching culture to KB. They're making progress, but could easily slide back to their traditions, sometimes.