Genetic engineering, robotics, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, wireless broadband , digitization of all media, computerss and the next generation of the Internet will shape our lives in the decades to come.
They are changing many aspects of the Human lifestyle--from how we work, where we shop, how we entertain ourselves, and even how we meet our mates. It is also beginning to reshape the way our homes are built, furnished and lived-in.
It is necessary to tie together strands from pop culture, consumer electronics and even home decor to understand fully the scope of this transformation.
A leading futurist, trends & innovation expert, Elvis provides deep insights into global trends, innovation leaders, global economic trends, fast paced market changes, marketing / sales / branding / retail trends, demographic issues, leadership issues, and opportunities.
In his work for Futurist consultancy Elvis stays current on numerous topics ranging from technology and demographics to management and education. In each appearance he brings not only his own experience and expertise, but the insight and research skills to customize up-to-the-minute presentations for every audience interest.
Prior to booking, Elvis is always pleased to talk with a client about his or her needs, and offer a customized topic and approach.
The remarkable emergence of Information Technologies in the second half of the 20th Century will pale in comparison to the revolution now underway in the biosciences, with its implications for everyday life. Humanity's newfound understanding of how life works is opening possibilities in health care, new pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, bionics, and evidence-based medicine that will increase life expectancy, extend life span, and improve the quality of life. Meanwhile, new techniques, such as genetic programming - a new form of machine-learning based on the techniques of natural evolution - are dramatically increasing the odds of success with new pharmaceutical research while driving down costs, and assisting in the emergence of personalized medicine. But the biosciences revolution is going to extend well beyond health care, encompassing new breakthroughs in environmental management, manufacturing, nanotechnology, and computing that are unlike anything that has come before. We will look back 10 years from now and marvel at the breakthroughs. We will look back 20 years from now with astonishment at how much has changed, and how quickly. This stirring and disturbing keynote surveys tomorrow's landscape in the most radical, and rapidly changing, scientific revolution in history.
The Next Big Thing demographically is the echo boomers, children of the baby boom. But who are they, and why do they behave the way they do? They' re notoriously difficult to reach through traditional media as they watch much less live TV and read fewer newspapers than earlier generations. They spend more time online, downloading music, playing computer games, chatting with each other, and blogging and podcasting, whereas in an earlier day would have represented time spent with traditional media. This makes them difficult to buy as a target demograph. And not only are they hard to reach, they're hard to convince, and harder to satisfy. Yet, with their steadily growing buying power they can make or break consumer product companies, they have little brand loyalty, and can change their minds about products and fashions seemingly overnight. So how do marketers sell to this crucial, but elusive group? This keynote presentation identifies what makes this generation unique, and explains the new tools and technologies emerging that a hold the only promise of success and survival for marketers who mean it. This is a don't-miss presentation for those who plan to be in business five years from today.
The telecommunications industry has experienced more rapid and more radical change than any other major industry over the past decade - and what's past is merely a warm-up for what's ahead. The principal components of the future of telecommunications are the ludicrous oversupply of optical fiber; the dramatic growth in broadband access to the Internet, especially through fixed wireless (including Wi-Fi, and Wi-Max), which will give new meaning to the term s;always ons and the blurring and blending of computing and communications into consumer products and services. The future of telecommunications lies not in providing commodity services, dominated by razor-thin margins and excruciating competitive pressures, but the ability to look through the means of delivery, and to package up hardware, software, and service into seamless new consumer offerings. The possibilities for this are endless, from health-watch monitoring of the sick and elderly, to wearable computer companions used for outdoor computing, to virtual friend networks for the elusive echo generation, and much more. This keynote survey of tomorrow's world will shake up your people, and prepare you to cope with your rapidly mutating future.
Ten years ago, if you had asked the average person if they wanted email, you would probably have had to describe it to them, and they would probably have said no to it. Tomorrow, technology will offer consumers and businesses options and opportunities that have never existed before, and which they don't understand, let alone firm opinions about whether they'll want to use them or not. How will you decide where to place your bets in the fast-moving, swiftly-shifting world of communications? What did Peter Drucker say about identifying successful new technologies from those that won't make it, and how can you harness the uncertainty of the future and make it work for you? This keynote presentation is a challenging wake-up call for an industry that is often tempted to ask, "When will the changes slow down?"
The energy industries don't exist in a vacuum. Indeed, because of their central position in our life and industries, the energy industries are affected by a wide range of factors. In this fast-paced and intriguing big picture --look at tomorrow, futurist Elvis Newman will explore some of the major factors surrounding electricity generation, petroleum, renewable energy sources, and the highly-hyped hydrogen economy of tomorrow to examine how they will affect the industry and its major players, including the future of environmental issues, demographics, and government behaviour. This is a provocative and lively keynote, exploring both the opportunities and pitfalls ahead for the industry.
The foodservice industry is experiencing unprecedented changes. Climate change is now very much on the minds of the public, and companies are struggling to be sensitive to it without destroying their profit margins. Technology is changing the rules on how, when, where, and with whom business is conducted, from the "leaning out" of the supply chain, to the way food service organizations interact with their clients, and how those clients interact with their customers. Biotechnology is becoming a two-edged sword, with new technologies improving the useful qualities of foodstuffs, while also revealing new food sensitivities among consumers. It's also creating new controversies, first over genetically modified foods, then cloned foods, and, in future, foods created without farms. The kinds of foods demanded are shifting, in part due to the aging of the populations of North America, Europe, Japan, and the Anzac countries. And food commodities – and prices – seem to have been caught up in the surging demand for resources coming from the Rapidly Developing Countries like China and India, in part because of the increasing caloric intakes of their rapidly expanding middle classes.
Coping with these uncertainties and shifts in markets and sources of supply is a major issue for those organizations who plan to survive. In this far-ranging presentation, Elvis Newman outlines what is happening, why it's happening now, and what it means for the future. In the process, he offers a roadmap to tomorrow, along with planning tools that forward-thinking organizations can use to plan and prepare for the challenges and uncertainties ahead.
Technology, changing consumer behaviour, new demographic and psychographic trends, and new ways of advertising, marketing, selling, and staying in touch with your customers are all changing the rules on how food retailing operates. Add to this globalization and new competition from major new players, new knowledge emerging from genetics about what is and isn't healthy food, and the landscape for food retailers becomes a minefield for the unprepared and the unwary. This far-reaching overview of the future will alert you to the coming developments in the food industry, and help you lay plans to be there firstest with the mostest.
The only real asset an organization has today is the collective brains of its people. The implications of this are severe: the successful leadership and management of innovation is now the most important strategic weapon any company can wield in the marketplace.
Awareness of the major factors shaping the competitive marketplace of tomorrow, including the coming demographic upheavals, changes in society's values, and the rising threats of weakening governments.
Innovation has become a corporate religion, in part because there is so much happening in so many areas that organizations must now innovate to survive. Yet our own natural biases often defeat innovation before it begins, resulting in organizations where people know how to look good, but don't actually innovate. The techniques will allow you to focus on the future needs and wants of your clients and their clients, to broaden your thinking beyond the confines of your present thinking, and to develop the outlines of a game plan to bring your ideas into commercial reality. Innovation is a skill that can be learned.
The biggest generation in history is about to change their patterns of behavior - are you prepared to serve those changing needs? Technology is changing what you, and your guests, can do, when, and where - have you set the stage for it? Globalization is changing which tourists visit us, how long they stay, and what they want while they're here - what do you know about them? And what about the lucrative business market? If teleconferencing and telecommuting take hold, how will that affect business clients? How do you put this in the context of hotels, restaurants, airlines, and the industries that support and serve them. Being prepared for these changes will make your life easier, while being unaware is a recipe for disaster in a rapidly changing hospitality industry.
We are approaching the age of 100 million products, and patent filings have reached an all time high. Yet at the same time we are becoming a hyper-individualized society transitioning from a product base economy to an experienced based economy. Baby Boomers are beginning to shed many of their Physical possessions as they prepare for their retirment, and a new generation with different values will be assuming power. So where will the creative minds of tomorrow take us ? What are the forecasts for future sciences, talent trends, intellectual property breakthroughs, and societal shifts that will change the way business works in the future?
An unprecedented convergence of scientific knowledge and development is going to radically change life on Earth in the decades ahead. Life for all of the world's citizens will get better, but also more challenging, so that it is fair to call the 21st Century the "Transformation Century"
Biotechnology: how developments in genetic engineering, pharmaceuticals, and medical technology will alter the nature of human and animal life, and the way we diagnose and manage disease, illness, and aging.
Environmental technology: how we are beginning to apply important scientific advances to environmental problems.
Information technology: how the next wave of the technological revolution will transform our homes and our workplaces.
As managers, investors, and citizens, we need to understand what these changes mean, and how we can respond to them effectively.
The future often seems clear or even obvious. However, there are always unexpected, downstream effects of any future development that are not obvious, and are ultimately more important than the changes that cause them. For example, better technology means cheaper communications, better medical treatments, and higher living standards. But it also means an escalating battle over personal privacy, rising costs for health care, and a widening divide between the haves and have-nots in our society. Moreover, even people who have come to embrace change are going to be caught off-guard, because change is going to happen faster than they expect. That means that we're going to be constantly behind the curve.
Unlocking the hidden meanings of tomorrow and preparing for the unexpected consequences of change can mean the difference between an enjoyable future, and a terrifying one.
Many of us feel that the pace of change is accelerating. This isn't quite true: the pace of change is accelerating, but the rate of acceleration is also rising, which means we keep being caught off guard by change. This creates a quandary for many organizations, because they already feel that they are working as fast as they can, and as hard as they can, and the prospect of needing to do more fills them with dread. Yet, forcing the rate of change, if properly managed, can be a competitive weapon of immense value. Among the topics covered are the crucial dimensions of HR; emerging technologies and their effects; the changing nature, composition, and behavior of consumers; how globalization is shifting gears and altering playbooks; and the sometimes paranoid and irrational behavior of governments.
Changes are happening so fast, and the consequences of being left behind are so extreme, that companies believe - correctly - that thinking outside the box is the only way to thrive. Yet most people believe that creativity is only open to the creative few, an artistic elite. Yet, like art, everyone is creative to a greater or lesser extent, but few ever learn how to exercise their creativity, and fewer practice it on a regular basis, so that they get flabby results when they try.
There are specific techniques, just as there are in art, that can help those who are not practiced in innovating, and can help the already creative individual become even more so.
Do not eat or use products from any animal that is fed and eats parts of its own dead.
Do not kiss or have intimate relations with anyone you do not know.
Learn basic sanitation and water purification.
Get a good first aid kit and learn to use it.
Get a copy of the US constitution and read it.
Get a bicycle and two sets of spare tires. Ride it 10 miles a week.
Consider what you would bring with you if you had to leave your home in 10 minutes and never return.
Learn how to mutiply and divide in the heads.


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var prefix = "(function(g, f) { var r = (typeof require === 'function' ? require : function(name) { return #{depsMap}[name]; }); if (typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined') { module.exports = f(r) } else if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) { define(#{depsKeys}, f.bind(g,r)) } else { g.#{globalName} = f(r) } })(this, function(require,define, module,exports) { return ";

var suffix = "(#{moduleKey}); });";

function createStream(prefix, suffix) {
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        next();
    }, function (next) {
        this.push(new Buffer(suffix()));
        next();
    });
}

module.exports = function (b, opts) {
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        keys = Object.keys(deps);

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                        }).join(',') + '}'
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Tim attends CSR Careers Fair for MFSH (My Future Starts Here) for school leavers at St. Leonards Academy St Leonards and Hastings Academy. MFSH say "… with your encouragement even the most nervous students gradually found they were able to move around the stands and see how to interact by their more confident peers. Your patience and supportive approach were really helpful".


text:
Q: MsDeploy not populating parameters using -setParam and getting error "argument cannot be null or empty" I'm using MSDeploy to deploy an application via IIS Import, and via command line.
I'm setting a parameter that cannot be null, by setting defaultValue property as empty string. I'm also specifying that is an Enumerable, and the possible values.
Here is what my parameters.xml file has:
<parameters>
  <parameter name="MyKey" description="Please select a value from the list" defaultValue="">
    <parameterentry kind="XmlFile" scope="\\web.config$" match="/configuration/appSettings/add[@key='MyKey']/@value">
    </parameterentry>
    <parameterValidation kind="Enumeration" validationString="value1,value2,value3"/>
  </parameter>
</parameters>

Working via IIS Import Application option works perfect, but when using the command line using the following command:
msdeploy -source:package='C:\Package\MyApp.zip' -dest:auto,computerName="https://example.com:8172/MSDeploy.axd?site=MyIISSite",authtype="NTLM",includeAcls="False" -verb:sync -disableLink:AppPoolExtension -disableLink:ContentExtension -disableLink:CertificateExtension -setParamFile:"C:\Package\MyApp.SetParameters.xml" -whatif -setParam:name=MyKey,value=value1 -enableRule:AppOffline -allowUntrusted

throws the error "The 'MyKey' argument cannot be null or empty".
Isn't -setParam an option to supply values for the parameters specified in parameters.xml file? It works if I set a default value to one of the allowed options when defining the parameter, but don't want to have any value by default in there.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
\section{Introduction}
The ideal class group or more precisely the class number of number fields is one of the most fundamental and mysterious objects associated with the field extensions.
Starting from Gauss, this area has attracted the attention of many researchers. It is well-known that there exist infinitely many quadratic fields
each with class number divisible by a given integer $g\geq 2.$ In particular, Nagell \cite{NA22} proved that there are infinitely many imaginary quadratic fields with class
number divisible by a given integer $g\geq 2.$ On the other hand, for real quadratic field case, Honda \cite{HO68}, Yamamoto \cite{YA70}, Weinberger \cite{WE73} and Ichimura \cite{IC03}
independently proved that there are infinitely many real quadratic fields each with class number divisible by a given integer $g\geq 2.$ In  recent years, the study is concentrating on
characterising  such fields, i.e. each with class number divisible by a given integer $g\geq 2$. In this direction, Kishi and Miyake \cite{KM00} gave a parametrization of
quadratic fields with class number divisible by $3$ and this enabled enlargement of  the list of families of quadratic fields with the divisibility properties. Chakraborty and
Murty \cite{CM03}, Kishi \cite{KI10}, Hoque and Saikia \cite{HS162} contributed some members to this list.

In this paper we provide some infinite, simply parametrized new families of
quadratic fields  with class number divisible by $3$. More precisely, we show that under certain conditions on the integers $a, b, m, n, p$ and $r$,
the class numbers of the fields $ \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{3(4m^{3n}-k^2)})$, $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-(m^2n^2\pm 4n)/3})$, $ \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-(3^mp^{2n}+r)})$, \hspace*{2mm}
$\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{3(a^{3n}-b^{2n})})$,\hspace*{2mm} $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{3(4a^{3n}-b^{2n})})$, \\ $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-3(4m^3+1)})$, $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{3(2m^{3n}-1)})$
and $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{1-2m^3})$ are divisible by $3.$ We begin by fixing some notations.

{\bf{Notations}}: For a number field $K,$ $\Delta_K$ and $\mathcal{O}_K$ denote the discriminant and the ring of integers of $K,$ respectively. We denote by $N_{K/\mathbb{Q}}$ and $T_{K/\mathbb{Q}}$ the norm and trace map of a number field $K,$ respectively. For a non-square integer $d$, $h(d)$ denotes the class number of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})$. For a prime number $p$ and an integer $n,$ $\mathit{v}_p (n)$ denotes the greatest exponent $\mu$ of $p$ such that $p^\mu \mid n$. For a polynomial $f,$ $S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f)$ denotes the splitting field of $f$ over $\mathbb{Q}.$

\section{Kishi's trinomial and class numbers of quadratic fields}
We begin with some lemmas and then recall a criterion for an extension to be unramified. Finally, we construct some
quadratic fields each with class number divisible by $3$ using Kishi's trinomial.

Let $\alpha \in \mathcal{O}_K$ with $N_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha)\in \mathbb{Z}^3$ and
\begin{equation}\label{eq1}
 f_\alpha(X):=X^3-3[N_{K/\mathbb{Q}} (\alpha)]^{1/3}X-T_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha)
\end{equation}
The trinomial $f_\alpha(X)$ was introduced by Kishi in \cite{KI00}.
We recall the following result of Kishi \cite{KI98}.
\begin{lemma}\label{lma2.1}
 Let $K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d}).$ Suppose $\alpha=\frac{a+b\sqrt{d}}{2} \in {\mathcal{O}}_K$
 with
 $N_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha)\in \mathbb{Z}^3.$ Then $f_{\alpha} (X)$
 is
 reducible over $\mathbb{Q}$ if and only if $\alpha$ is a cube in $K.$
\end{lemma}

Let $d(\ne 1, -3)$ be a square-free integer and
$$
\begin{displaystyle}
D =
\begin{cases}
-d/3 \hspace*{2mm}\text{if } d \text{ is a multiple of  } 3, \\
  -3d \hspace*{4mm}\text{otherwise}.
  \end{cases}
  \end{displaystyle}
$$
Let
$K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})$ and $L=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})$. Also,
$$
R_d:=\{\alpha \in\mathcal{O}_K: \alpha \text{ is not  a  cube in } K \text{ and} \ N_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha)\text{ is a  cube in } \mathbb{Z}\}
$$
and
$$
R_D:=\{\alpha \in\mathcal{O}_L: \alpha \text{ is not a cube in } L \text{ and } N_{L/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha)\text{ is a cube in } \mathbb{Z}\}.
$$
It is clear that the subset $R_d$ (respectively $R_D$) contains all those units in $K$ which are not cubes in $K$ (respectively in $L$). Further let,
$$
R^*_d:=\{\alpha\in R_d: \gcd(N_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha), T_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha))=1\}
$$
and
$$
R^*_D:=\{\alpha\in R_D: \gcd(N_{L/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha), T_{L/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha))=1\}.
$$
We can now recall a result of Kishi (\cite{KI00}, Proposition 6.5) which is one of the main ingredient for deriving our results.
\begin{lemma}\label{lma2.3}
 Let $\alpha \in R^*_D$ (resp. $\alpha \in R^*_d$). Then $S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_\alpha)$ is an $S_3$-field containing $K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})$ (resp. $L=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})$) which is a cyclic cubic extension of $K$ (resp. $L$) unramified outside $3$ and contains a cubic subfield $K'$ with $\mathit{v}_3(\Delta_{K'})\ne 5.$ Conversely, every $S_3$-field containing $K$ (resp. $L$) which is unramified outside $3$ over $K$ (resp. $L$) and contains a cubic subfield $K'$ satisfying $\mathit{v}_3(\Delta_{K'})\ne 5$ is given by $S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_\alpha)$ with $\alpha \in R^*_D$ (resp. $\alpha \in R^*_d$).
 \end{lemma}
The following result of Llorente and Nart (\cite{LN83}, Theorem 1) talks about ramification at the prime $p=3.$
 \begin{lemma}\label{lma2.5}
  Suppose that
  $$
  g(X):= X^3-aX-b\in \mathbb{Z}[X]
  $$
 is irreducible over $\mathbb{Q}$ and that either $\mathit{v}_3(a)<2$ or $\mathit{v}_3(b)<3$ holds. Let $\theta$ be a root of $g(X).$
 Then $3$ is totaly ramified in $\mathbb{Q}(\theta)/\mathbb{Q}$ if and only if one of the following conditions holds:
 \begin{enumerate}
  \item[(LN-1)] $1\leq \mathit{v}_3(b)\leq \mathit{v}_3(a),$
  \item[(LN-2)] $3\mid a, \ a\not\equiv3 \pmod 9, \ 3\nmid b \ and \ b^2\not\equiv a+1 \pmod 9,$
  \item[(LN-3)] $ a \equiv3 \pmod 9, \ 3\nmid b \ and \ b^2\not\equiv a+1 \pmod {27}.$
 \end{enumerate}
 \end{lemma}
Now we can proceed to our first result.
\begin{theorem}\label{thm2.1}
Let $m\equiv 0 \pmod 3$ be odd and $n$ be any positive integers. If $d_1$ is the square-free part of $3(4m^{3n}-k^2)$ with $k\equiv \pm 1\pmod{18}$ and $\gcd(m, k)=1,$ then $3| h(d_1).$
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $D_1=-d_1/3, \hspace*{1mm} K_1=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d_1})$ and $L_1 =\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D_1})$. Let $\alpha_1 \in \mathcal{O}_{L_1}$ so that
 $$
 \alpha_1 = \frac{k+\sqrt{k^2-4m^{3n}}}{2}.
 $$
Then $T_{L_1/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_1)=k$ and $N_{L_1/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_1)=m^{3n}.$ Since $\gcd(m, k)=1,$ so that $$\gcd (T_{L_1/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_1), N_{L_1/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_1))=1.$$
 Now with respect to $\alpha_1 ,$
\begin{align*}
 f_{\alpha_1}(X): & =X^3-3[N_{L_1/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_1)]^{1/3}X-T_{L_1/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_1)\\
  & = X^3-3m^nX-k\\
  & \equiv X^3 + X+1 \pmod 2.
\end{align*}
Thus the polynomial $f_{\alpha_1} (X)$ is irreducible over $\mathbb{Z}_2$ and therefore it is irreducible over $\mathbb{Q}$. Therefore
by Lemma \ref{lma2.1}, $\alpha_1$ is not a cube in $L_1$ and thus $\alpha_1 \in R_{D_1}.$ Since $\gcd (T_{L_1/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_1), N_{L_1/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_1))=1,$ so that $\alpha_1\in R^*_{D_1}$ too. Therefore by Lemma \ref{lma2.3}, $S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_{\alpha_1})$ is a cyclic cubic extension of $K_1$ which is unramified outside $3$.

Now we are left to show that $S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_{\alpha_1})$ is unramified over $K_1$ at $3$ too.
The polynomial $f_{\alpha_1} (X)$ does not satisfy the condition (LN-1) as $\mathit{v}_3(1)=0$. Also $f_{\alpha_1}(X)$ does not
satisfy the conditions (LN-2) and (LN-3) since $m\equiv 0 \pmod 3.$ Therefore by Lemma \ref{lma2.5}, $S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_{\alpha_1})$ is unramified over $K_1$ at $3.$ Thus by Hilbert class field theory the class number of $K_1$ is divisible by $3.$
\end{proof}

\begin{theorem}\label{thm2.2}
 Let $m\equiv 0 \pmod 3$ and $n$ be any odd integers such that $\mathit{v}_3(n)=1.$ Then the class number of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-(m^2n^2\pm 4n)/3})$
 is divisible by $3.$
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
Let $d_2$ be the square-free part of $-(m^2n^2\pm 4n)/3$ and $K_2= \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d_2}).$ Suppose that $D_2=-3d_2$ and $L_2=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D_2})$.
Let $\alpha_2 \in \mathcal{O}_{L_2}$ be so that
 $$
 \alpha_2 = \dfrac{m^2n\pm 2+m\sqrt{m^2n^2\pm 4n}}{2}.
 $$
 Then $T_{L_2/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha)=m^2n\pm 2$ and $N_{L_2/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_2)=1$. Thus  again their gcd is $1$.

We can now have the cubic polynomial corresponding to such an $\alpha_2$:
\begin{align*}
 f_{\alpha_2}(X): & =X^3-3[N_{L_2/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_2)]^{1/3}X-T_{L_2/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_2)\\
  & = X^3-3X-(m^2n\pm 2)\\
  & \equiv X^3-X- 1 \pmod 2.
\end{align*}
Thus the polynomial $f_{\alpha_2} (X)$ is irreducible over $\mathbb{Z}_2$ and therefore it is irreducible over $\mathbb{Q}$. Therefore
by lemma \ref{lma2.1}, $\alpha_2$ is not a cube in $L_2$
and thus $\alpha_2\in R^*_{D_2}.$ Therefore by Lemma \ref{lma2.3}, $S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_{\alpha_2})$ is a cyclic cubic extension of $K_2$ unramified outside $3.$

Now it remains to show that $S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_{\alpha_2})$ is unramified over $K_2$ at $3.$
Since $m\equiv 0 \pmod 3$ and $\mathit{v}_3(n)=1,$ the polynomial $f_{\alpha_2} (X)$ does not satisfy the conditions (LN-1), (LN-2) and (LN-3).
Therefore by Lemma \ref{lma2.5},
$S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_{\alpha_2})$ is unramified over $K_2$ at $3$ too. Thus by Hilbert class field theory the class number of $K_2$ is divisible by $3.$
\end{proof}

We now give an extension of a result proved by Hoque and Saikia [\cite{HS151}, Theorem 3.1].

\begin{theorem}\label{thm2.3}
Let $m>1$ and $p$ be odd integers, and $n$ be any positive integer. Let $d_3$ be the square-free part of $-(3^m p^{2n}+r)$ with $r \in \{-2, 4\}.$ Then
$3| h(d_3).$
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof} Let $r=4$ and then $d_3\equiv 1\pmod 4$.
As before we set $D_3=-3d_3$ and $L_3=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D_3})$. Then $L_3= \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{3^{m+1}p^{2n}+12})$.
Choose $\alpha_3 \in\mathcal{O}_{L_3}$ by
 $$
 \alpha_3:= \dfrac{3^m p^{2n}+2+3^{(m-1)/2} p^n\sqrt{3^{m+1} p^{2n}+12}}{2}.
 $$
 Then $T_{L_3/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_3)=3^mp^{2n}+2,\ N_{L_3/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_3)=1$ and thus $$\gcd(T_{L_3/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_3), N_{L_3/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_3))=1.$$
The cubic polynomial corresponding to $\alpha_3$ is:
\begin{align*}
 f_{\alpha_3}(X): & =X^3-3[N_{L_3/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_3)]^{1/3}X-T_{L_3/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_3)\\
  & = X^3-3X-3^mp^{2n}-2\\
  & \equiv X^3-X-1 \pmod 2.
\end{align*}
Thus the polynomial $f_{\alpha_3} (X)$ is irreducible over $\mathbb{Z}_2$ and therefore it is irreducible over $\mathbb{Q}$. Therefore
by Lemma \ref{lma2.1}, $\alpha_3$ is not a cube in $L_3$
and hence $\alpha_3\in R^*_{D_3}.$ Thus by Lemma \ref{lma2.3}, $S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_{\alpha_3})$ is a cyclic cubic extension of $K_3$ unramified outside $3.$

We now claim that $S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_{\alpha_3})$ is unramified over $K_3$ at $3$ too. The polynomial $f_{\alpha_3} (X)$ does not satisfy the conditions (LN-1), (LN-2) and (LN-3) as $\mathit{v}_3(3^mp^{2n}+2) = 0$ and $m>1$.
Therefore by Lemma \ref{lma2.5}, we proof the claim. Thus by Hilbert class field theory the class number of $K_3$ is divisible by $3.$

Now let $r=-2.$ Then $3\nmid d_3$ and $d_3\equiv 3 \pmod 4$.
Let us set $D_3' =-3d_3$ and $L'_3 =\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D_3'})$. Then $L'_3= \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{3^{m+1}p^{2n}-6})$ and choose an
element $\alpha'_3 \in \mathcal{O}_{L'_3}$ by
 $$
 \alpha'_3:=3^m p^{2n}-1+ 3^{(m-1)/2} p^n\sqrt{3^{m+1} p^{2n}-6}.
$$
One can now complete the proof by a similar argument as in the previous case.
\end{proof}

\begin{theorem}\label{thm2.4}
Let $n>1$ be an odd integer and $a, b$ two more integers such that:
\begin{enumerate}
 \item[(C3.1)] $a \equiv 19 \pmod {30}$,
 \item[(C3.2)] $b\equiv 6 \pmod {15},$ and is coprime to $a$,
\end{enumerate}
then $3$ divides the class number of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{3(a^{3n}-b^{2n})}).$
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
Let $d_4$ be the square-free part of $3(a^{3n}-b^{2n})$ and $\ K_4 = \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d_4}).$ Suppose that $\ D_4 = -d_4/3$ and $L_4 = \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D_4}).$

Let $\alpha_4 \in \mathcal{O}_{L_4}$ so that
 $$
 \alpha_4 = b^n+\sqrt{b^{2n}-a^{3n}}.
 $$
 Then $T_{L_4/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_4)=2b^n$ and $N_{L_4/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_4)=a^{3n}.$
Then
\begin{align*}
 f_{\alpha_4}(X): & =X^3-3\big(N_{L_4/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_4)\big)^{1/3}X-T_{L_4/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_4)\\
  & = X^3-3a^nX-2b^n.
\end{align*}
By the conditions (C3.1) and (C3.2), we have
$$f_{\alpha_4}(X)\equiv X^3+3X-2\pmod 5.$$
Clearly the polynomial $f_{\alpha_4}(X)$ is irreducible over $\mathbb{Z}_5$ and hence it is irreducible over $\mathbb{Q}$ too.
Thus  $\alpha_4$ is not a cube in $L_4$ by Lemma \ref{lma2.1} and hence $\alpha_4\in R_{D_4}.$
The conditions (C3.1) and (C3.2) entail $\gcd(N_{L_4/\mathbb{Q}} (\alpha), T_{L_4/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha_4))=1$ and therefore by
Lemma \ref{lma2.3}, $S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_{\alpha_4})$ is a cyclic cubic extension of $K_4$ unramified outside $3.$

Now we are left to show that $S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_{\alpha_4})$ is unramified over $K_4$ at $3$ also. The polynomial $f_{\alpha_4} (X)$ does not satisfy the condition (LN-1) since $n>1, \ a \equiv 1 \pmod 3$ and $b\equiv 0 \pmod 3.$
Again  $3\mid 2b^n$ by the condition (C3.2), and thus $f_{\alpha_4}
(X)$ satisfies none of the conditions (LN-2) and (LN-3).
Therefore by Lemma \ref{lma2.5}, $S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_{\alpha_4})$ is unramified over $K_4$ at $3.$
Thus by Hilbert class field theory the class number of $K_4$ is divisible by $3.$
\end{proof}

\begin{theorem}\label{thm2.5}
Let $n>1$ be an integer and $a, b$ two more integers satisfying:
\begin{enumerate}
 \item[(C3.3)] $\gcd(a, b)=1$;
 \item[(C3.4)] $a\equiv 1 \pmod  3$ and is odd;
 \item[(C3.5)] $b\equiv 0 \pmod 3$ and is odd;
\end{enumerate}
Then $3$ divides the class number of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{3(4a^{3n}-b^{2n})})$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $d_5$ be the sqaure-free part of $3(4a^{3n}-b^{2n})$ and $K_5=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d_5}).$ Suppose that $D_5=-d_5 /3$ and $L_5=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D_5})$.
 Let $\alpha _5 \in \mathcal{O}_{L_5}$ be of the form
 $$\alpha _5 = \frac{b^n+\sqrt{b^{2n}-4a^{3n}}}{2}.$$
 Then $T_{L_5 /\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha _5)=b^n$ and $N_{L_5/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha _5)=a^{3n}$ and the
corresponding polynomial
\begin{align*}
 f_{\alpha _5}(X): & =X^3-3[N_{L_5/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha _5)]^{1/3}X-T_{L_5/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha _5)\\
  & = X^3-3a^nX-b^n.
\end{align*}
The conditions (C3.4) and (C3.5) would imply $f_{\alpha _5} (X)\equiv X^3-X-1\pmod 2.$ Therefore $f_{\alpha _5} (X)$ is irreducible over $\mathbb{Z}_2$ and thus it is
irreducible over $\mathbb{Q}$.
Thus by Lemma \ref{lma2.1}, $\alpha _5$ is not a cube in $L_5$ and hence $\alpha_5\in R_{D_5}$. By (C3.3), $\gcd(N_{L_5/\mathbb{Q}} (\alpha _5), T_{L_5/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha _5))=1$ and therefore by
Lemma \ref{lma2.3}, $S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_{\alpha_5})$ is a cyclic cubic extension of $K_5$ unramified outside $3.$

It remains to prove that $S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_{\alpha_5})$ is unramified over $K_5$ at $3$ too.
Clearly  $\mathit{v}_3(b^n)>\mathit{v}_3(3a^n)=1$ owing to (C3.4) and (C3.5) and thus $f_{\alpha _5} (X)$ does not satisfy the condition (LN-1).
Also $3\mid b^n$ due to (C3.5) and thus $f_{\alpha _5}
(X)$ does not satisfy the conditions (LN-2) and (LN-3). Therefore by Lemma \ref{lma2.5},
$S_{\mathbb{Q}}(f_{\alpha_5})$ is unramified over $K_5$ at $3.$
Thus by Hilbert class field theory the class number of $K_5$ is divisible by $3.$
\end{proof}

\section{Some more families of quadratic fields}
In this section, we shall use a result of Kishi and Miyake \cite{KM00} for proving the first of the two theorems.  Let us first recall Kishi-Miyake parametrization.
\begin{lemma}\label{lma3.1}
Let $u$ and $v$ be two integers and
 \begin{equation}\label{eq6}
f_{u, v}(x)=x^3-uvx-u^2.
\end{equation}
If
 \begin{enumerate}\label{ctn3.1}
  \item[(KM-1)] $u$ and $v$ are relatively prime;
  \item[(KM-2)] $f_{u, v}(x)$ is irreducible over $\mathbb{Q}$;
  \item[(KM-3)] discriminant $D_{f_{u, v}}$ of $f_{u, v}(x)$ is not a perfect square in $\mathbb{Z}$;
  \item[(KM-4)] one of the following conditions hold:
  \begin{enumerate}
   \item[(a)] $3\nmid v,$
   \item[(b)] $3\mid v,\ uv\not\equiv 3\pmod 9$ and $u\equiv v\pm 1 \pmod 9 ,$
   \item[(c)] $3\mid v, \ uv\equiv 3 \pmod 9 $ and $u\equiv v\pm 1 \pmod { 27} ,$
  \end{enumerate}
   \end{enumerate}
then $3$ divides the class number of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D_{f_{u, v}}})$.
Conversely, every quadratic number field $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D_{f_{u, v}}})$ with class number divisible by $3$ arises in the above way from
a suitable choices of integers $u$ and $v$.
\end{lemma}
We use this to prove:
\begin{theorem}\label{thm3.1}
Let $m$ be an odd positive integer.
\begin{enumerate}
 \item[(I)] If $m\equiv 0 \pmod 3,$ then $3$ divides the class number of the field $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-3(4m^3+1)})$.
 \item[(II)] If $m\equiv 4 \pmod {15},$ then $3$ divides the class number of the field $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{3(2m^{3n}-1})$ for any odd integer $n\geq 3$.
 \end{enumerate}
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof} We prove (I) and outline the proof of (II) as in most aspects these are very similar to the proof of (I).

Let us put $u=-1$ and $v=3m$ in (\ref{eq6}). Then
\begin{equation*}
f_{-1, 3m}(X)=X^3+3mX-1
\end{equation*}
and $D_{f_{-1, 3m}} = 9d$ with $d =-3(4m^3+1)$.

Clearly $u$ and $v$ are relatively prime, and $D_{f_{-1, 3m}}\neq\square$ in $\mathbb{Z}$.
Now
$$
f_{-1, 3m}(X)\equiv X^3-X-1 \pmod 2
$$
as $m$ is odd. Thus $f_{-1, 3m}(X)$ is irreducible over $\mathbb{Z}_2$ and therefore it is irreducible over $\mathbb{Q}$.
Again $uv=-3m\equiv 0 \pmod 9$ (as $m\equiv 0 \pmod 3$). Furthermore $v-1=3m-1\equiv-1 \pmod 9 \equiv u \pmod 9$. Therefore $3$ divides class number of
$\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-3(4m^3+1)})$ by invoking Lemma \ref{lma3.1}.

Finally to prove (II), we put $u=2$ and $v=3m^n$ in (\ref{eq6}). The irreduciblity of $f_{2, 3m^n}(X)$
follows from the
irreducibility of $f_{2, 3m^n}(X)$ over
$\mathbb{Z}_5$. The condition (KM-3) holds since the discriminant of $f_{2,3m^n}(X)$ is $144d$ with $d=3(2m^{3n}-1)\equiv 3\pmod 4.$ Moreover we can show that the condition $(b)$ of (KM-4) holds.
\end{proof}

We conclude this section by providing another family of quadratic fields whose class number is divisible by $3$ by actually producing an element of order $3$.
\begin{theorem}\label{thm3.2}
 The class number of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{1-2m^3})$ is divisible by $3$ for any odd integer $m>1.$
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $d =1-2m^3$ and $K = \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})$. Thus $d\equiv 3 \pmod 4$.
Let $\alpha\in \mathcal{O}_K$ be of the form $\alpha=1+\sqrt{1-2m^3}$. Then $N_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha)=2m^3$.

Suppose that $p_j$ is a prime factor of $m$. Then the Kronecker symbol $\left(\frac{d}{p_j}\right)=1$. Thus we can write
$$
(p_j)=\mathcal{P}_j\mathcal{P}'_j
$$
with distinct prime ideals $\mathcal{P}_j$ and $\mathcal{P}'_j$ in $\mathcal{O}_K$ which are conjugate to each other. Furthermore
$$
(2)=\mathcal{P}^2  \hspace*{2mm}\mbox{with} \hspace*{2mm}\mathcal{P}=(2, 1+\sqrt{d}).
$$
We may express the prime ideal decomposition of $(\alpha)$ as
$$(\alpha) = \mathcal{P}\prod_j\mathcal{P}^{t_j},$$
because $\alpha$ is not divisible by any rational integers except $\pm 1$.
Then $N_{K/\mathbb{Q}}((\alpha))=2\prod p_j^{t_j}$ with $p_j=N_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(P_j)$ and thus $3\mid t_j.$ Therefore
$$\big(\mathcal{P}\prod_j\mathcal{P}_j^{t_j/3}\big)^3=(2)\mathcal{P}\prod_j \mathcal{P}_j^{t_j}=(2)(\alpha),$$
which is principal in $\mathcal{O}_K$. If $\langle\mathcal{I}\rangle$ is an ideal class containing $\mathcal{P}\prod_j \mathcal{P}_j^{t_j/3},$ then the order of $\langle\mathcal{I}\rangle$ is $3$ if $(\mathcal{P}\prod_j
\mathcal{P}_j^{t_j/3})$ is not principal in $\mathcal{O}_K.$ To show $(\mathcal{P}\prod_j \mathcal{P}_j^{t_j/3})$ is not principal in $\mathcal{O}_K,$ it is sufficient to show $2\alpha$ is not a cube in $\mathcal{O}_K.$ Let $d'$ be the square-free part of $1-2m^3$ and denote
\begin{equation}\label{eqa}
1-2m^3=t^2d'\quad (t\in \mathbb{Z}).
\end{equation}
If $2\alpha=(a+b\sqrt{d'})^3$ for some $a,b\in \mathbb{Z},$ then we obtain
\begin{equation}\label{eqb}
2=a^3+3ab^2d',
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{eqc}
2|t|=3a^2b+b^3d'.
\end{equation}
From \eqref{eqb}, it holds $a|2$, that is, $a\in \{\pm1, \pm 2\}$.
Taking modulo $3$ in \eqref{eqb}, we see that $a\ne 1, -2$. When $a=-1$, we see from \eqref{eqb} and \eqref{eqc} that $d'=-1$ and $|t|=1$. Then by
\eqref{eqa}, we obtain $m=1$, which contradicts to the assumption
$m>1$. When $a=2$, we see from \eqref{eqb} and \eqref{eqc} that
$d'=-1$ and $|t|=11/2$. This is a contradiction.
This completes the proof.
\end{proof}

\section{Numerical Examples}
In this section, we give some numerical examples corroborating  our results in \S 2 and \S 3. We compute the class numbers of each of the above families of fields for some small values of $d$ and list them in tables below. All the computations in this
paper were done using PARI/GP (version 2.7.6).
\vspace*{2mm}
\begin{table}[ht]
 \centering
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c |c|c|c|c|}
 \hline
 $m$ & $  n$ &   $d=3(4m^{3n}-1)$ & $h(d)$ & $m$ &  $ n$ &   $d=3(4m^{3n}-1)$ & $h(d)$\\
\hline
 3 & 1 & 321 & 3& 3 & 2 & 8745 & 12\\
 3&3&2361953&36& 3&4&6377289&36\\
 9&1&8745&12& 9&2&6377289&36\\
 15&1&40497& 3& 21&1& 111129&6\\
 27&1&2361953&36& 33&1&431241&6\\
 39 & 1& 711825&3& 45 & 1& 1093497 & 3\\
 51&1&1591809&3& 57&1& 2222313&36\\
 63&1&30000561&9& 69&1&3942105&6\\
 75&1& 5062497&108& 81&1&6377289&36\\
 87&1&7902033&3& 93&1&9652281&6\\
 99&1&11643585&24& 105 & 1& 13891487 & 18\\
 111&1&16411569&6& 117&1&19219353&18\\
 123&1&22330401&12& 129&1&25760265&60\\
 135&1&29524497&18& 141 &1&33638649&60\\
 147&1&38118273&282& 153&1&42978921&9\\
 159&1&48236145&6&165&1&53905497&6\\
 \hline
\end{tabular}
\vspace*{2mm}
\caption{Numerical examples of Theorem \ref{thm2.1} for $k=1$ only.}
\end{table}

 \begin{table}
 \centering
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c |c|c|c|c|}
 \hline
 m &   n &   $d=-(m^2n^2+4n)/3$ & $D=-(m^2n^2-4n)/3$ & $h(d)$ & $h(D)$\\
 \hline
 3&3&-31&-23&3&3\\
 3&15&-695&-655&24&12\\
3&21&-1351&-1295&24&36\\
3&33&-3311&-3223&72&30\\
3&39&-4615&-4511&36&84\\
3&51&-7871&-7735&120&48\\
9&3&-247&-239&6&15\\
9&15&-6095&-6055&84&36\\
9&21&-11935&-11879&72&150\\
9&33&-29447&-29359&132&72\\
9&39&-41119&-41015&120&180\\
9&51&-70295&-70159&252&168\\
15&3&-679&-671&18&30\\
15&15&-16895&-16855&96&84\\
15&21&-33103&-33047&60&150\\
21&3&-1327&-1319&15&45\\
21&15&-33095&-33055&240&72\\
21&21&-64855&-64799&120&222\\
27&3&-2191&-2183&30&42\\
27&15&-54695&-54655&216&156\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\vspace*{2mm}
\caption{Numerical examples of Theorem \ref{thm2.2}.}
\end{table}
\vspace*{2mm}

\begin{table}
 \centering
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c |c|c|c|c|}
 \hline
 m &   n & p & $d=-(3^mp^{2n}-2)$ & $D=-(3^mp^{2n}+4)$ & $h(d)$ & $h(D)$\\
 \hline
 3&1&3&-241&-247&12&6\\
 3&2&3&-2185&-2191&24&30\\
 3&1&7&-1321&-1327&24&15\\
3&2&7&-64825&-64831&24&162\\
 3&3&3&-19681&-19687&84&81\\
 5&1&3&-2185&-2191&24&30\\
 5&2&3&-19681&-19687&84&81\\
 5&1&5&-6073&-6079&24&57\\
 5&2&5&-151873&-151879&120&300\\
 7&1&3&-19681&-19687&84&81\\
 7&1&5&-107161&-107167&216&108\\
 \hline
\end{tabular}
\vspace*{2mm}
\caption{Numerical examples of Theorem \ref{thm2.3}.}
\end{table}
\vspace*{2mm}
\begin{table}
 \centering
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c |c|c|}
 \hline
 $a$ & $b$ & $n$ & $d=3(a^{3n}-b^{2n})$ & $h(d)$\\
\hline
19&6&3&968062953369&6\\
19&21&3&967805794974&648\\
19&36&3&961532746329&24\\
19&51&3&915274229934&48\\
19&66&3&720101243289&12\\
19&81&3&120774483894&24\\
19&96&3&-1380210275751&1388160\\
19&111&3&-4643180563146&1951488\\
19&126&3&-11036449330791&4263624\\
19&141&3&-22606080831186&3780672\\
49&306&3&2422323582800979&192\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Numerical examples of Theorem \ref{thm2.4}.}
\end{table}

\begin{table}
 \centering
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c |c|c|}
 \hline
 $a$ & $b$ & $n$ & $d=3(4a^{3n}-b^{2n})$ & $h(d)$\\
\hline
1&3&2&-331&3\\
1&3&3&-725&6\\
1&3&4&-19671&84\\
1&9&2&-19671&84\\
1&9&3&-531437&480\\
1&15&2&-151863&324\\
7&3&2&1411545&12\\
7&15&2&1259913&6\\
7&27&2&-60845&192\\
13&9&2&57902025&72\\
13&15&2&57769833&48\\
13&21&2&57338265&96\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Numerical examples of Theorem \ref{thm2.5}.}
\end{table}

\begin{table}
 \centering
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c |c|c|}
 \hline
 $m$ & $d=-3(4m^3+1)$ & $h(d)$& $m$ & $d=-3(4m^3+1)$ & $h(d)$\\
\hline
3&-327&12 & 9&-8751&72\\
15&-40503&96 & 21&-111135&240\\
27&-236199&504& 33&-431247&360\\
39&-711831&648&45&-1093503&540\\
51&-1591815&780&57&-2222319&984\\
63&-3000567&1152&69&-3942111&2568\\
75&-5062503&1800&81&-6377295&1296\\
87&-7902039&2772&93&-9652287&1452\\
99&-11643591&2160&105&-13891503&2448\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Numerical examples of Theorem \ref{thm3.1} (I).}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[ht]
 \centering
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c |c|c|}
 \hline
 m & $d=1-2m^3$ & $h(d)$ & m & $d=1-2m^3$ & $h(d)$\\
\hline
 3&-53&6&5&-249&12\\
7&-685&12&9&-1457&24\\
11&-2661&48&13&-4393&24\\
15&-6749&84&17&-9825&12\\
19&-13717&48&21&-18521&228\\
23&-24333&72&25&-31249&96\\
27&-39365&180&29&-48777&96\\
31&-59581&126&33&-71873&240\\
35&-85749&336&37&-101305&144\\
39&-118637&216&41&-137841&264\\
43&-159013&162&45&-182249&408\\
47&-207645&288&49&-235297&264\\
51&--265301&684&53&-297753&228\\
55&-332749&318&57&-370385&360\\
59&-410757&336&61&-453961&420\\
63&-500093&78&65&-549249&624\\
67&-601525&66&69&-657017&660\\
71&-715821&672&73&-778033&324\\
75&-843749&1128&77&-913065&912\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Numerical examples of Theorem \ref{thm3.2}.}
\end{table}

\section*{Acknowledgements}
A. Hoque is supported by SERB N-PDF (PDF/2017/001958), Govt.
of India. The authors are indebted to the anonymous referee for his/her valuable suggestions which has helped improving the presentation of this manuscript.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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(9) 'Health and safety at work in Europe (1999–2007): A statistical portrait', Publications Office of the European Union, European Commission, stress European Agency for Safety and gathering and disseminating information through the ESENER enterprise survey and OSH overviews on specific topics Their publicity campaigns include the European Week for Safety and Health at Work, which focuses on different themes. EU-OSHA Decision on Engagement of Contract Agents. Call for applications for traineeships at EU-OSHA 2020/2021, Rules Governing the EU-OSHA Traineeship Programme, Fraud and conflict of interest prevention, Network Secretariat (NET) - Brussels Liaison Office. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. EU Strategic Framework on Health and Safety at Work (2021-2027) – feedback invited on Commission roadmap. EU-OSHA is the European Union information agency for occupational safety and health. Extension of the validity of the reserve lists 2019, Administrators- function group (AD): comprises twelve grades from AD 5 to AD 16 corresponding to technical, administrative, advisory, linguistic and scientific duties, Assistants- function group (AST): comprises eleven grades from AST 1 to AST 11 corresponding to executive, technical and clerical duties, Function group IV: comprises six grades corresponding to administrative, advisory, linguistic and equivalent technical tasks, Function group III: comprises five grades corresponding to executive tasks, drafting, accountancy and other equivalent technical tasks, Function group II: comprises four grades corresponding to clerical and secretarial tasks, office management and other equivalent tasks, Function group I: comprises three grades corresponding to manual and administrative support service tasks. Workplace transport safety. They also provide information on their website at http://osha.europa.eu/en Our offices are located in the culturally vibrant city of Bilbao. Fraud and conflict of interest prevention, the European Personnel Selection Office (EPSO) website. Please note that not all available vacancies are displayed on this site and some positions may only be open to successful candidates of Contract Agent Selection ... European Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT systems in the area of freedom, ... European Maritime Safety Agency : Trainee : 14/12/2020 - 22:59: Traineeships: The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) is a decentralised agency of the European Union with the task of collecting, analysing and disseminating relevant information that can serve the needs of people involved in safety and health at work. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work | an agency of the European Union European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (1) European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (2002), Sectoral profiles of working conditions. The economics of occupational safety and health – the value of OSH to society. The UK Highways Agency reports that four workers have died in the first half of 2005 – compared with just one death in the whole of 2004. A guide to good practice for managing work related vehicle risks in the EU, with a specific focus on workplace transport, driving for work and working on or near a road. Please note that we do not acknowledge receipt or reply to spontaneous applications or internship requests. Candidates may apply for one of the following Units: Applications must reach recruitment@osha.europa.eu by not later than 04 May 2020 at 13:00 noon Central European Time (CET). Currently, there are no vacancies available in this section. EU-OSHA is an equal opportunity employer. The duration of contracts for Contract Agents varies according to the needs of the Agency. For any enquiries, please contact Human Resources at recruitment at osha.europa.eu, Enquiries by letter should be addressed to: European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Edificio Miribilla, c) Santiago de Compostela 12 - 48003 Bilbao, Spain. PDF HTML PowerPoint PPTX (1734 views) (1734 Downloads) The Agency is organising a selection procedure for traineeships at EU-OSHA for the nationals of the Member States of the European Union and Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein (parties of the EEA agreement).The traineeships will be based in the Bilbao office and at the Agency's Brussels Liaison Office.Further information on our activities can be found on our website: http://osha.europa.eu. Unfortunately, owing to the high number of spontaneous applications that the Agency receives, it is not possible for us to grant each the required attention. The staff engaged by the Agency are mainly Temporary Agents and Contract Agents. This initiative builds on the previous EU Strategic Framework 2014-2020. Find out more about a career with the European Union at the European Personnel Selection Office (EPSO) website. Set up in 1994 by Council Regulation (EC We therefore recommend that you send an application only in response to specific job adverts or published recruitment processes. Contract Agent posts are classified in four function groups corresponding to the duties and responsibilities involved: Contract Agents whose contract is concluded for a duration of at least one year are required to serve the following probationary periods. EU-OSHA works to make European workplaces safer, healthier and more productive — for the benefit of businesses, employees and governments. Careers at EU-OSHA are open to nationals of the 27 European Union Member States plus Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway (parties of the EEA agreement). EU OSHA information about occupational health and safety across EU countries. We work with EU-OSHA on a variety of projects to highlight the importance of good occupational safety and health management. The focus is safety and health of site workers, Our mission is to make Europe's workplaces safer, healthier and more productive. Careers at EMA are open to nationals of the European Union Member States as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. It's good for business. Find surveys, regulations and standards, risk assessment tools, frequent hazards at work and more about workplace safety and health. (2) European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (2000), The state of occupational safety and health in the European … There are all kinds of profiles at EU-OSHA, but all our employees — from project managers to communications officers and administrators — have the skills, passion and enthusiasm we need to help us make Europe a safer, healthier and more productive place to work.Find out more about a career with the European Union at the European Personnel Selection Office (EPSO) website. [Article in Spanish] [No authors listed] This data visualisation tool highlights the key findings of a project carried out by the ILO,Finland ( Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, FIOH), Singapore, ICOH and EU-OSHA in the development of updated ILO estimates of work-related injuries and illnesses. Vacancies. EuroHealthNet participates in EU-OSHA's annual Healthy Workplaces Campaigns, which' message is — Safety and health Arch Prev Riesgos Labor. Reserve lists are composed of the candidates who came for an interview at the time of the recruitment procedure for the posts listed and who obtained the best overall marks. EMA publishes all its vacancy notices, together with information for applicants on the application and selection process on its EMA Careers portal. Temporary Agent posts are classified according to the nature and importance of the duties required in: EU-OSHA Decision on Engagement of Temporary Agents. Agency Location(s) Open Date Deadline Status; SNE/Scientific Specialist Oncology/Haematology: EMA : Amsterdam : 06/11/20: 28/11/20: Open : Human Resources Officer in the area of Personnel Administration: FG IV : eu-LISA : Tallinn, Estonia : 30/10/20: 29/11/20: Open The European Commission works closely together with the following agencies to disseminate information, offer guidance and promote safe and healthy working environments: 1. 1. The guideline shows how to design safe road work zones an answers typical questions you may have regarding safety. It provides information on rules, regulations and responsibilities and advice on traffic safety measurements for road works. The EU-OSHA Application Form shall be used.Candidates are requested to follow the instructions available on the Call for applications for traineeships at EU-OSHA.For detailed information on the EU-OSHA traineeship programme 2020/2021, applicants are advised to read carefully the Rules Governing the EU-OSHA Traineeship Programme. The European Agency shares good practice and communicates information in a variety of ways to reach workers and workplaces. photo: Tim Mossholder via https://unsplash.com. Its work contributes to the European Commission's Strategic Framework for Safety and Health at work 2014-2020 and other relevant EU strategies and programmes, such as Europe 2020. The European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) is a European Union agency charged with reducing the risk of maritime accidents, marine pollution from ships and the loss of human lives at sea by helping to enforce the pertinent EU legislation. The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work was established in 1994 and is based in Bilbao, Spain. Job opportunities in the European Union institutions, advisory bodies, agencies and other organisations By law, every workplace must be safe for the people and vehicles using it. For more information, visit our Healthy workplaces page Safety and health at work is everyone's concern. The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) is looking for enthusiastic graduates to join the Agency for a paid traineeship of six months (with a … Health and safety at work in Europe (1999-2007) 7 6 Methodological context 87 6.1 Labour Force Survey and ad hoc modules on health and safety at work 89 6.1.1 LFS 2007 ad hoc module on health and safety at work 90 6.1.2 LFS 1999 ad hoc module on health and safety at work … The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) is looking for enthusiastic graduates to join the Agency for a paid traineeship of six months (with a possibility for further extension of six months). Health and safety at work - Advisory Committee on Health and Safety at Work. 2012 Jul-Sep;15(3):148. The Advisory Committee for Safety and Health at Work (ACSH) assists the Commission in the preparation, implementation and evaluation of activities in the field of occupational safety and health (OSH) and facilitates cooperation between national administrations, trade unions and employers' organisations. ... Pan-European opinion poll on occupational safety and health Results of three opinion polls on occupational health and safety across Europe (2009, 2012, 2013). To search EMA's vacancies, visit the portal or use the search bar below. The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) is a decentralised agency of the European Union with the task of collecting, analysing and disseminating relevant information that can serve the needs of people involved in safety and health at work. At EU-OSHA, our staff enjoy a stimulating and multinational working environment. Health Programme Striving to continuously improve the citizens' health and increase sustainability of health systems Promotion of Agricultural products Promoting EU agricultural products at …
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Text not displaying proper in chrome but works in FF? Please check the image

In chrome bit.ly/10bYbyi
You can see in FF bit.ly/10bYbyi its work proper.
I want to fix this via css, but when i open debug tool and close it without doing any change the text will appear proper.
Why this happening ? What should I do to get text slider proper in chrome as in FF.

A: Please Try this:
We need to set max-width property for solve Chrome issue.
Use following CSS.
.nivo-caption {
   max-width: 600px!important;
   min-width: auto!important;
   display: block!important;
}

A: Set min-width with !important css flag-
.nivo-caption{
   min-width:600px!important;
}


Dean Cummings stopped by our office to talk about his new line of skis, his movie "The Steep Life: and how his heli-skiing terrain is now as big as Connecticut.
This past winter Teton Gravity Research filmed heavily in Alaska while creating their upcoming film The Dream Factory. Skiing caught up with Skier Todd Ligare to talk about hiking lines, winter camping, and skiing spines. We also got some exclusive POV screen grabs to show you just how out of hand skiing in Alaska really gets.


A few initial images were released earlier this year revealing the simple details of the models but for those of you who want a little extra from the Lancer, a whole bunch of pictures have surfaced less than a week before their unveiling.
Mitsubishi Lancer Prototype-S will debut at the Geneva Motor Show. The 5-door Sportback uses new Evo X engine.


If you're stuck for some seriously stylish and effortlessly cool yet comfortable weekend wear – and let's face it, a big woolly jumper or hoodie isn't always appropriate – then you need look no further than Ratti Apparel. Casual and classy, the collection comprises loose vests and batwing sweaters with quirky embroidered designs inspired by the city of Brighton, such as dressed-up dogs, tattoos, the gambling machines on Brighton Palace Pier, and the Swallows that gather in huge numbers around the crumbling West Pier en route to warmer climes.
Ratti Apparel is the brainchild of Annette Ratti, who after 10 years creating ideas and designs for the best in the industry for designers such as the Kate Moss collection for Topshop, Ted Baker and DKNY, decided to launch her own label. Using a specially developed signature embroidery technique, Annette creates products that are completely unique, which are made using materials sourced from ethical suppliers. Design, production and finishing is carried out by local people in The North West and Manchester. These are designs that can't be found on the high street, but can be found in selected boutiques countrywide – and lucky for us, they can also be bought online, where our money's on the Dog In Bonnet jumper and the Life Is Beautiful top. Ratti Apparel: single-handedly bringing a whole new meaning to the phrase TGI Friday.


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Gnat Display Team Feature
Wednesday 22nd October 2014
Much attention has been lavished upon the Red Arrows in 2014 as the RAF Aerobatic Team marked their 50th display season with, amongst other events and celebrations, a special tail design that proudly displayed the slight form of the Folland Gnat in a nod to the team's rich heritage. As the only operation currently offering the Red Arrows original mount for display, 2014 has also been momentous for the North Weald-based Gnat Display Team as they took on a key role as part of the Reds 50th, participating in multiple flypasts and displays across the spring and summer months. Welcoming a third Gnat T1 to the display, in the livery of the Yellowjacks, has also kept the team busy and with plans for future growth, it is an important period for the team.
Scott Perry discussed the team's 2014 season and future progression with Kev Whyman for UK Airshow Review. Photography as credited.
Since their inception in 2008 the Gnat Display Team has steadily built up - in both aircraft numbers and stature - to become one of the most favoured classic jet acts on the display circuit. Kev tells us about the team's origin: "The team was 'formed' with the acquisition of the second jet (G-TIMM) in 2008, until then myself [Kev] and two other aviation enthusiasts were equal part owners of a single jet (G-RORI), since 2005. The second jet enabled pairs formation flying and display routines. We practiced these at length in 2008 and formally 'hit' the display circuit and presented ourselves to airshow organisers in 2009, which was our first full season as a pairs display".
The Folland Gnat is of course no stranger to the air display world - as well as its history with the Red Arrows, several other organisations have operated the type in the UK since the Reds swapped theirs for the BAe Hawk. The diminutive stature of the Gnat can make it quite challenging to fly and operate, but it's a platform well suited to the airshow environment: "There was a saying in the 60s that you didn't so much get into a Gnat as put one on, the jet is one of the smallest out there! It is a joy to fly, its swept wing and small size makes it inherently unstable and therefore super manoeuvrable. I flew the Hawk in the RAF and would take the Gnat over and above that any day. The downside is that the practical maintenance is more onerous, the old 60s technology, lack of spare parts, static line refuelling etc. make it more resource intensive to turn around."
A striking new addition to the team for 2014 was the former Delta Jets T1, G-MOUR. Retaining the bright yellow paint of the Yellowjacks display team that it wore in Delta's hands, the team have slightly revised the markings, repainting the tail in contrasting black and re-designating it as XR992 - fictitious markings for this particular airframe, but changes that give it the appearance of Flight Lieutenant Lee Jones' lead aircraft from the Yellowjacks team in 1964.
With the Red Arrows anniversary celebrations, it may seem that G-MOUR's re-emergence after overhaul was perfectly timed for its debut season with the team, although Kev tells us it was more of a happy coincidence. "In an ideal world we would have had G-MOUR airborne last season, but restoration projects always take longer than expected". The airshow-going public have enjoyed the expanded displays and the reaction from the air show organizers has also been encouraging for the team: "Very positive indeed, and initial feedback has referenced the three-ship as being at least twice as good!! The one problem with the Gnat is its small size, so having more of them in the sky in close formation helps compensate."
The extra jet in the display not only makes a difference to the routine that we see, but has also meant that the team has needed to put in extra work into their preparations to take advantage of the extra potential the three-ship offers. "A huge amount [of extra preparatory work was needed] - an extra jet in the sky in close proximity requires a lot more work and co-ordination. It also opens up a host of new combinations for the formation flying, pair vs singleton flying etc."
As expected, the significance of the Red Arrows' anniversary had a knock-on effect and meant the Gnat Team enjoyed great interest this year. Numerous invitations to take part in events and flypasts were received, but it takes months of planning to turn them into reality. "We have done two flypasts with them [The Red Arrows], one at the RAF Waddington airshow and one at RIAT. We have had a close relationship with them for many years so it has been fantastic this year to finally fly with them. We have also done a number of events for the Red Arrows alumni, including ex-Reds pilots, specifically from the Gnat era. One moment from the alumni events that the team are particularly proud of was reuniting Henry Prince, the original Red7, with the Gnat. Henry was given the opportunity to fly with the team on their transit to RIAT, perhaps not one of the main public highlights of the season, but nonetheless a very poignant moment in the team's season.
"Initial preparation was mostly paperwork with 'safety cases' put together in conjunction with the Reds to be approved by the RAF. Those conversations started at the beginning of the year. The flying element was then pre-briefed with Red1 and Red10 in meticulous detail in the weeks before the flypast".
The flypast at Waddington was one of the highlights of the season for many present and whilst the more private nature of the RIAT flypast prevented it from gaining quite the same status, both are key moments in the team's history. "The two flypasts were unique and challenging in their own way. The first one at Waddington almost ended up not happening due to Air Traffic Control restrictions keeping us on the ground so long that we almost didn't make the rendezvous in the sky! The two Gnats were formating on a Hunter which in turn formated on the Reds, whereas at RIAT I was flying the lead Gnat and formating directly on the Reds, which was incredibly nerve-wracking - any mistakes there and it could have been very embarrassing! These flypasts were a childhood dream come true, so without doubt a high point in the Gnat Display Team's history."
It is not only the Red Arrows that the team have been seen flying with through the season, having also performed alongside the Vulcan at both Dunsfold and Duxford. These were a result of an existing relationship between the team and Vulcan chief pilot Martin Withers. The formations were further made possible with the experience gained formating with the Red Arrows earlier in the season, providing evidence of the team pilots' mixed-type formation flying credentials.
After initial discussions at Farnborough, the search began for an airshow where both the Vulcan and Gnats would be in attendance, and whose organisers would be happy to accommodate the formation flypast. In the end there were just two opportunities, with the full three-ship escorting the Vulcan at Dunsfold and just a pair at Duxford. Similarly with the Red Arrows flypasts, all of the preparation for these memorable 'airshow moments' was done beforehand, either via telephone briefings or on the ground, with no prior rehearsal of the formations.
At Dunsfold, there was however an opportunity to spend a few minutes before the run-in over the airfield ensuring the formation was correct and to adjust to the challenges of flying in formation with such a large aircraft. The size of the Vulcan's delta wings could have resulted in increased turbulence for Kev Whyman and Mark Fitzgerald formating on either wing, however, this was not as much of an issue as predicted. The larger turning circle of the Vulcan was a good example of the differing characteristics that had to be overcome though, and for which those few minutes before the flypast were crucial, not only for Kev and Mark on the wings but also Chris Heames leading the formation ahead of XH558. As with many things, experience is key and the flypast at Dunsfold helped to ease the process at Duxford, with two Gnats taking up positions on the wings of the Vulcan. Both of these formations offered great contrast in aircraft type, particularly in size, helping to aid their popularity with the gathered crowds and are something that the team are looking to replicate in future, not only with the Vulcan but with other types as well.
The evolution of the team continues too, with a rare single-seat fighter variant of the Gnat arriving at North Weald's Hangar 4a earlier this summer. Twenty-five F1s were built by Folland for the Indian Air Force (IAF), with the company supplying a further twenty kits to the Hindustan Aircraft Limited. The aircraft proved popular in India with HAL going onto build a further 195 themselves. The Gnat proved itself a more than capable platform to fight the Pakistani F-86s (and their MiG-19s) in the Indo-Pakistan War, and it's popularity with Indian Air Force pilots earned the F1 nickname 'Sabre Slayer'. Despite its successes though, it was not without its faults and the Indian Air Force issued a requirement for a newer version in 1972. This led to the development of the Ajeet by HAL - not unlike the Gnat on initial inspection, but improved in many areas.
The example acquired by the Gnat Display Team is IE296, which upon disposal by the Indian Air Force was purchased by David Tallichet for his Chino-based Military Aircraft Restoration Company. After years stored in a dismantled condition, IE296 was acquired by George Pérez when Tallichet began downsizing his collection. Under Pérez's ownership the jet was partially restored and was repainted into an IAF livery, however the restoration was never completed. In early 2014 the aircraft began its journey to North Weld from Washington, having been acquired after a period of lengthy negotiations. The current plan is to register the F1 as G-SLYR - a reference to the 'Sabre Slayer' nickname. This rare and exciting addition to the team could be in the air soon, as Kev tells us "the aspiration is to have the F1 in the sky for 2015 and a four-ship as soon as possible after that".
The team's decision to operate their jets in different colour schemes is notable, and one that adds to their character - "I think this it is very important as it serves as a real-time pictorial history of the jet, however the colour scheme for the F1 is at this point a closely guarded secret".
With a great variety of Gnats already in the fleet and the single-seater soon to follow, we wondered if there is anything else that needs to be added to the team for Kev to get his 'dream Gnat'... "I think we have covered the key aspects of the Gnat T1 history with our current three-ship, therefore the 'Kev Whyman dream Gnat' would actually be the diamond four-ship!"
The increasing importance of the internet makes it is easier than ever for any business to get direct feedback from its customers, and the Gnat team are well aware that forums like UKAR offer a terrific window into the airshow going public's opinions. "We read the UKAR and other social media forums and pay close attention to them and our image in the public domain. The one message I would like to give the enthusiasts? If you like what we are doing, shout about it, tell everyone and lobby your local airshow organiser to make sure we feature in their flying programme. That is the best form of support they can give!"
On Saturday 25th October, from 11am, the team will be holding an open day at their North Weald base. The open day provides the perfect end to a year Kev described as "ground-breaking and momentous" for the team, marking the great success they have had whilst also allowing great access to the aircraft and the people that keep them alive. Throughout the day the three Gnat T1s will be available for inspection and the plan is for them to launch and perform a flypast. Unfortunately airspace restrictions will rule out a full display, but visitors will be able to see the current state of the F1 restoration project and the team pilots will also be on hand to speak to supporters. Whilst there is no fixed cost for the open day, the team have requested that anyone taking advantage of the opportunity makes a donation to the Heritage Aircraft Trust, the charity set up to preserve vintage UK aircraft that supports the Gnat Display Team, with proceeds going towards supporting the team's considerable operating costs.
Whilst planning for next season is still at an early stage, the team having already been booked for a number of events in 2015, of which more details will be released on their website in due course. It is good to see that the team's work to provide the display circuit with such a unique team is being rewarded.
UK Airshow Review would like to thank Kev Whyman and Samantha Waller for taking the time to give us this insight into the team.


HOUSEBREAKING AND CRATE TRAINING CAN BE THE MOST DIFFICULT AND MOST FRUSTRATING PART OF TRAINING AND RAISING ANY PUPPY OR DOG.
Puppies can be trained and housebroken in our Home setting OR YOURS. Following your evaluation We CAN START IMMEDIATELY IF YOU CHOOSE. - Our Favorite Program is Puppy Bootcamp - However Private Lessons are also an option we can discuss. This is when your pup or dog moves into our home and becomes a member of our family or "pack" He will learn very quickly that he potties outside like every other pack member here. .
I get Your Dog on a Housebreaking Routine from day 1.
I use a compassionate and non confrontational method using the language his mother used on him when your pup was very young.
I make sure his food is compatible and he is all around healthy. I regulate his water intake and monitor his urinary output. as This tells me if something out of the ordinary is occuring.
I get him on a feeding schedule and potty schedule.
I set up a daily routine that is scheduled in a way to suit your specific needs.
If he makes a mistake I tap into the language his mother used.
I then teach you how to proceed from there.
WHEN YOU PICK UP YOUR PUP FROM THE BREEDER OR RESCUE - TRAINING SHOULD START RIGHT AWAY OR DOG WILL QUICKLY ASSUME CONTROL OVER YOU , YOUR FAMILY AND YOUR HOME - I KNOW THIS BECAUSE I GET ALOT OF DOGS AS OLD AS 1 YR OLD THAT HAVE FRUSTRATED AND CONTROLLED THE FAMILY FROM DAY 1 AND THIS IS AVOIDABLE.!
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GIVE ME A CALL, BRING YOUR PUPPY OR NEW DOG IN FOR TRAINING AS SOON AS YOU GET HIM and get back to relaxing and let US do the hard part for you!


text:
When were female captains banned from Starfleet?
In the TOS episode Turnabout Intruder, a woman who wants to be a Starfleet captain states that
"Your world of starship captains doesn't admit women. It isn't fair."
Kirk agrees with her that it seems unfair.
Clearly about a decade earlier there were female starship captains such as Philippa Georgiou. What was this rule and when was it in effect?
star-trek
useruser
Perhaps because of the 2260 incident, when nineteen crew members were blinded by lens flare. – Harper Mar 24 at 14:25
There are two interpretations of that scene. The first, and the one generally accepted these days, is that she was off her rocker, and made a statement that stated there was discrimination against her because of what group she belonged to (ie, women), thus explaining her own failings.
Unfortunately, that wasn't the original meaning. The original intent of that scene was that she was speaking the absolute truth: Starfleet didn't allow women in command.
This was confirmed by Nimoy and Shatner in a conversation with the authors of Shatner's 1979 biography Where No Man...
"What is easier for me to deal with on that particular script is the knowledge that the writer was making a script in which his goal was to prove, quote, 'That women, although they claim equality, cannot really do things as well as, under certain circumstances, as a man -- like the command function, for example. And it was a rather chauvinistic, clumsy handling of an interesting question. What he set out to prove was that this lady, given command of the ship, would blow it. That's really what the script was about. Just that simple. You see."
"Yeah," Bill agrees. "The problems were solved without really --"
Leonard cuts in, nodding. "That's, what I was dealing with when we were shooting that show -- the knowledge that that was the concept. And I rebelled against the concept. I was uncomfortable doing the whole show because I didn't believe in the concept."
Roddenberry later admitted the line was sexist and said he regretted it. However, it was very much in keeping for him. Roddenberry's original story was even worse.
At the time he was going through a nasty divorce, and had a low opinion of women in general--and there are many reports of the time of the crap he said, including statements like "...all women are c***s who can't be trusted" (said several times at story meetings). It's reliably reported that, even putting the divorce aside, he was absurdly sexist even for the time.
You can see the same sort of thing earlier, in the original pilot "The Cage" (later re-used in "The Menagerie") when Christopher Pike makes a statement about being uncomfortable with the idea of a woman on the bridge, which then causes the bit between him and Number One about not considering her as a woman.
Incidentally, the reason Majel Barrett was dropped from the role, contrary to Roddenberry's later statements, had nothing to do with the studio/network being uncomfortable with a woman being second in command, as he claimed. What they had a problem with wasn't an actress playing the part, they had a problem with an actress then having an affair with Roddenberry playing the part, as they were nervous about the potential backstage drama that could result. But anyway...
So, long answer short, yes, the line and backstory was intended to be absolutely as sexist as it appears: Lester is justifiably bitter that as competent as she otherwise was, she could never command a starship because Starfleet didn't want women putting cooties all over their captain's seats.
However, even at the time it was recognized just how offensive that idea was, and it grew even more unacceptable, so by the time the 1980s rolled around and Star Trek IV showed the captain of USS Saratoga was a woman, it was firmly understood the idea was stupid, and everyone proceeded to ignore it. So, gradually, the contorted explanation that no, Janice Lester was just crazy and Good Ol' Gene wasn't a misogynistic ass became the accepted one. Christopher Pike, when he showed up on Discovery, didn't have any sort of issue with women in senior positions (even reporting directly to one), Starfleet had female captains right from the early days, and there was never a ban on women in the Big Chair.
Here is a clip from the trial scene in ST4. The (unnamed) Starfleet officer has an admiral's insignia, and there may have been others in that scene (I didn't check it all). One wonders if someone working on the movie wasn't making a point.
Keith MorrisonKeith Morrison
In many respects TOS was enlightened for its time. When it comes to women...not so much. This is the most egregious example (the episode is largely unwatchable now), but it's far from the only one. – John Bode Mar 21 at 21:45
The aside about the real reason for Number One getting dropped from the show is really interesting. Do you have source for that? – Jasper Mar 22 at 10:02
@Jasper, it's from the book Inside Star Trek: The Real Story by Bob Justman and Herb Solow. For those who don't know, Sulu was named after Solow, and he and Justman deserved a lion's share of the credit for actually getting the show on the air and acting as buffers between Roddenberry and the studio. – Keith Morrison Mar 22 at 15:49
@Jasper - also These Are The Voyages series of books by Marc Cushman relates the same basic info re: Majel, the affair, and the network – NKCampbell Mar 22 at 16:06
I'd say most fans today both treat female captains as canon (reinterpreting Janice Lester as delusional, for which there's a lot of evidence) and also agree that Gene Roddenberry's story was sexist. I don't think people still believe that Roddenberry always practiced the ideals he preached. But it could both be true that Roddenberry meant it at the time, and it's not canon. – Davislor Mar 22 at 18:24
I'm not sure we can infer an absolute limit on gender roles based on a single line. Certainly it was not Roddenberry's meaning -
"Nowhere in my story was the statement made that this woman wasn't qualified to command because of her gender. She lacked the qualifications on a personal level, and she also happened to be emotionally unstable. In her mind, sure, she was being discriminated against. And that could have been another theme in the story — how we can limit ourselves because of our own belief that we will be discriminated against. It can become a self-profiling prophecy."
These Are The Voyages -TOS Season Three by Marc Cushman
Although Kirk agrees with her we could see his comment as placatory rather than actual "agreement" with her position.
KIRK: I never stopped you from going on with your space work.
JANICE: Your world of starship captains doesn't admit women. It isn't fair.
KIRK: No, it isn't. And you punished and tortured me because of it.
Chakotya.net
Paulie_DPaulie_D
This answers the now edited question (or at least I think it does) but more indirectly because it was tailored at the original question. It might be worth you doing a quick edit to bring it inline with the more specific version of the rewritten question. – TheLethalCarrot Mar 21 at 14:42
I read that dialogue differently. To me she's saying that the world of starship captains excludes relationships, which a screenwriter in the 60's may have written as "doesn't admit women". This exchange is more like "But my life, my love and my lady / is the sea" and not a discrimination discussion. – tbrookside Mar 21 at 15:25
Yeah, it was entirely Roddenberry's intent, and he meant it. It was only later that he backtracked because it eventually got through to him what a complete ass it made it him look like. – Keith Morrison Mar 21 at 17:00
I up-voted but I don't really buy it. The sentence and the manner it was said in seems very clear and direct. The word "admit" implies she is talking directly about the entry requirements for the captain rank. – user Mar 21 at 17:24
Reading those three lines and watching the scene again, it sounds to me like Kirk is saying that he personally isn't responsible so it's unfair to torture him over it. He is saying that he is sympathetic but not at fault. – user Mar 22 at 9:21
The James Blish novelisation of the episode presents a slightly different version of events and opens up a different interpretation.
She opened her eyes and stared directly into his. "The year we were together at Starfleet is the only time in my life I was alive."
"I didn't stop you from going on with space work."
"I had to! Where would it lead? Your world of Starship captains doesn't admit women."
"You've always blamed me for that," Kirk said.
"You accepted it."
"I couldn't have changed it," he pointed out.
"You believed they were right. I know you did."
"And you hated me for it. How you hated. Every minute we were together became an agony."
"It isn't fair …"
"No, it isn't. And I was the one you punished and tortured because of it."
"I loved you," she said. "We could have roamed among the stars."
"We would have killed each other."
She's not bemoaning the fact that Starfleet prevents a woman from becoming a captain, but rather that Kirk's ambition to become a captain prevented them from having a fulfilling relationship because the Kirk buys into the mythos that a captain's full attention has to be given to his ship and that it can't be shared with a woman.
ValorumValorum
Which, of course, is itself an attempt to do away with the blatant misogyny that was originally there. It's also not an argument I've seen raised in fandom as an excuse. – Keith Morrison Mar 22 at 18:04
@KeithMorrison - This novelisation wasn't written much after the TV show and was based on the original script. – Valorum Mar 22 at 18:06
When all the people involved are quite clear on what the intent of what was going on was, I'll take them at their word. Besides, the same script has Lester-as-Kirk say "Love? Him? I love the life he led. The power of a starship commander. It's my life now." All in all, it's pretty clear what's going on. – Keith Morrison Mar 22 at 18:18
I haven't seen Star Trek: Discovery, but I'm under the assumption that, like Star Trek: Enterprise and everything since Star Trek: First Contact, it follows an alternate timeline in which the Borg attempted to interfere with Zefram Cochrane's first warp speed journey. If that is the case, then the events of Star Trek: TOS and Star Trek: Discovery seem to be on two different lines of continuity. Which means that any Earth history after the first warp launch doesn't need to agree between Star Trek: TOS and Star Trek: Discovery.
Although it's immensely unlikely that attitudes on gender would have been altered by the Borg's interference, it is the case that the gender attitudes of the writers have changed significantly in the past 50 years. The no female captains policy seems like an example of Star Trek: TOS's general silliness that has been subsequently retconned. Another example of retconned silliness would be the ability of the Enterprise to fly to the center of the galaxy or clear across the galaxy on a short timeline with no supernatural assistance. They also totally changed the warp factor benchmarks so that you can't exceed warp 10. The ridiculous, skimpy uniforms for female crew members were eliminated. The physical appearance of Klingons was radically altered; and then Star Trek: DS9 and Star Trek: Enterprise contorted themselves to manufacture an explanation for the change. Lots of the socially progressive, technologically progressive writing of the 60's is already old fashioned by today's standards; including the crude UI design and computing ability of the computers and hardware.
In other words, it's not necessary that all events of Star Trek: TOS be canonical and logical; and this is an example of that.
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