text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Superfluidity in quantum fluids  is in general accompanied by  the phenomenon of two sound modes, namely, first and second sound,
which is supported by Landau-Tisza's two-fluid hydrodynamic theory \cite{Tisza1938, Landau1941}.
The intriguing phenomenon of second sound was first observed in liquid helium and was described as an entropy wave based on the two-fluid hydrodynamic theory \cite{Peshkov}. Ultracold atoms expanded the scope of this study by a wide range of trappable quantum liquids including features such as reduced dimensionality and tunable interactions. Two sound modes were measured in a three-dimensional (3D) unitary Fermi gas \cite{Sidorenkov2013}, the BEC-BCS crossover \cite{Hoffmann2021}, and dilute 2D and 3D Bose gases \cite{Hadzibabic2021, Hilker2021}.

   Contrary to liquid helium, ultracold gases form a wide range of weakly interacting quantum fluids, which undergo an intriguing interplay of sound modes between hydrodynamic and non-hydrodynamic regimes \cite{Stamper1998, SinghSF, Hilker2021}.
Based on the hydrodynamic theory at zero temperature,  the second-sound velocity ($v_2=v_1/\sqrt{D}$) is either below the first-sound velocity $v_1$  for $D=3$ and $2$ dimensions or equal to  $v_1$  for $D=1$ dimension \cite{Matveev2018}.
Hydrodynamic theory does not support the sound velocity being higher than the Bogoliubov velocity.
However, such regimes at low temperatures were predicted in dilute 3D and 2D Bose gases in the weak-coupling regime  \cite{Ilias, SinghSS}.

 Sound propagation in 2D quantum fluids is of particular interest because the superfluid density undergoes a universal jump of $4/\lambda^2$ at the Berezinksii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition \cite{Berezinski1972, Kosterlitz1973, Minnhagen1987}, where $\lambda$ is the thermal de Broglie wave length.
This has attracted interest to study sound propagation in ultracold 2D quantum gases both experimentally \cite{Dalibard2018, Bohlen2020, Hadzibabic2021} and theoretically \cite{Ozawa2014, Liu2014, OtaTwo, Ota2018,  Salasnich2018, SinghSS, Zhigang2020, Krzysztof, Salasnich2020, Furutani2021}.
In Ref.  \cite{SinghSS}  we discussed and gave numerical evidence for the weak and strong coupling regimes of the sound modes.
For the weak-coupling regime, we found that the non-Bogoliubov (NB) sound mode has higher velocity than the Bogoliubov (B) sound mode. We referred to this as a non-hydrodynamic regime.
For the strong-coupling regime, we showed that the B sound mode velocity is higher than the NB sound mode velocity.
This was consistent with a hydrodynamic scenario.
Furthermore, we found that the two sound modes undergo a temperature-dependent hybridization between these two coupling regimes \cite{SinghSF}. We note that  for a finite-size system the BKT transition manifests itself as a crossover \cite{Pilati2008, Matt2010, sf_2019,  SinghJJ},  rather than a sudden jump.

     Recently, Ref. \cite{Hadzibabic2021} reported the measurement of the two sound modes in a homogeneous 2D Bose gas of $^{39}$K atoms across the BKT transition.
The density response of the driven system is measured as a function of the driving frequency, allowing the detection of both sound modes.
The velocity of the lower sound mode decreases with increasing temperature and vanishes above the transition temperature $T_c$,
whereas the velocity of the higher sound mode is higher than the Bogoliubov velocity at zero temperature and displays a weak temperature dependence across $T_c$.
The measurements are compared to the two-fluid theory in an infinite system \cite{OtaTwo}, which predicts a jump in the velocities at $T_c$ and does not describe the temperature dependence of the higher sound mode at $T/T_c<0.75$.

  In this paper, we use classical-field simulations to study the propagation of the sound modes in 2D Bose gases for the experimental parameters of Ref. \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.
The dynamic structure factor (DSF) of the unperturbed cloud shows the Bogoliubov (B) and non-Bogoliubov (NB) sound modes below the transition temperature and the diffusive and normal sound modes above the transition temperature.
This allows us to determine the two sound velocities across the BKT transition, independent of an external probe,  serving as a benchmark for the results of the density probes.
We implement the experimental method to excite the sound modes by driving the system \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.
We find a driving-strength dependent density response and the excitation of two well-resolved sound peaks is observed for strong driving strengths only.
As a secondary comparison, we excite the two sound modes using a step-pulse perturbation of the density \cite{SinghSS, Hoffmann2021}.
Finally, we compare the sound velocity results of the driven response, the step-pulse perturbation and the DSF with the measurements   \cite{Hadzibabic2021}. The measured higher-mode velocity within the experimental error agrees with the simulation results at all temperatures, even at  temperatures where the hydrodynamic prediction fails.
The measured lower velocity shows a shift to higher velocities compared to the results of the DSF and step-pulse perturbation, which is captured by the simulation results of the driven response at high temperatures.
This increase due to the nonlinear response of the strong driving partially captures the experimental observations.

This paper is organized as follows.
In Sec. \ref{sec:method} we describe the simulation method and the excitation protocols.
In Sec. \ref{sec:dsf} we calculate the dynamic structure factor to characterize the sound modes.
In Sec. \ref{sec:probes} we present the results of the driven response and the step-pulse perturbation.
In Sec. \ref{sec:comp} we compare the simulation and the measurements of the two sound velocities.
We conclude in Sec. \ref{sec:conclusion}.

\begin{figure*}[]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{dsf_all}
\caption{Excitation spectra of a 2D Bose gas for the density $n=3 \, \mu \mathrm{m}^{-2}$ and the interaction $\tilde{g}=0.64$, which are the same as the experimental values in Ref.  \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.
Dynamic structure factor $S(\mathbf{k} , \omega)$ as a function of the wave vector $\mathbf{k} = k_y$ and the frequency $\omega$ is shown for various $T/T_0$ across the BKT transition, where $T_0$ is the estimate of the transition temperature.
The white dashed line is the Bogoliubov dispersion determined using the numerically obtained superfluid density $n_s(T)$; see text.
   }
\label{Fig:dsf}
\end{figure*}

\section{System and methodology}\label{sec:method}
We simulate a bosonic cloud of $^{39}$K atoms confined to 2D motion in a box potential.
This geometry  was  used in Ref. \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.
The system is described by the Hamiltonian
\begin{equation} \label{eq_hamil}
\hat{H}_{0} = \int d \mathbf{r}  \, \Big[\frac{\hbar^2}{2m} \nabla \hat{\psi}^\dagger({\bf r})  \cdot \nabla \hat{\psi}({\bf r})
 + \frac{g}{2} \hat{\psi}^\dagger({\bf r})\hat{\psi}^\dagger({\bf r})\hat{\psi}({\bf r})\hat{\psi}({\bf r})\Big].
\end{equation}
$\hat{\psi}$ ($\hat{\psi}^\dagger$) is the bosonic annihilation (creation) operator.
$g = \tilde{g}\hbar^2/m$ is the 2D interaction parameter, with $\tilde{g}= \sqrt{8 \pi} a_s/\ell_z$ being the dimensionless interaction and
$m$ the atomic mass.
$a_s$ is the 3D scattering length and $\ell_z$ is the harmonic-oscillator length of the confining potential in the transverse direction.
We use the same density $n=3\, \mu \mathrm{m}^{-2}$ and the same $\tilde{g}=0.64$,  as in the experiments \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.
We choose a square box of size $L_x \times L_y = 32 \times 32 \, \mu \mathrm{m}^2$ and various temperatures $T/T_0$.
We use the temperature $T_0 = 2\pi n \hbar^2 /(m k_\mathrm{B} \mathcal{D}_c)$, with the critical phase-space density $\mathcal{D}_c= \ln(380/\tilde{g})$, as the temperature scale, see Refs. \cite{Prokofev2001, Prokofev2002}.
This scale gives an estimate of the critical temperature $T_c$ of the BKT transition.
For the simulations we discretize space on a lattice of size $N_x \times N_y = 64 \times 64$ and a discretization length $l=0.5\, \mu \mathrm{m}$.
We note that $l$ is chosen to be smaller than the healing length $\xi= \hbar/\sqrt{2mgn}$ and the thermal de Broglie wave length \cite{Castin2003}.
We use the classical-field method of Refs. \cite{Singh2017, SinghJJ}.
According to this method, we replace the operators $\hat{\psi}$ in Eq. \ref{eq_hamil} and in the equations of motion by complex numbers $\psi$.
We sample the initial states from a grand-canonical ensemble of a chemical potential $\mu$ and a temperature $T$ via a classical Metropolis algorithm. We propagate the state using the equations of motion to obtain the many-body dynamics.
To excite the sound modes we add the perturbation term
 %
 \begin{align}
 \mathcal{H}_\text{p} = \int d \mathbf{r}  V(\mathbf{r} , t) n(\mathbf{r} , t),
 \end{align}
 %
where $V(\mathbf{r} , t)$ is the perturbation potential that couples to the density $n(\mathbf{r} , t)$ at the location $\mathbf{r}  = (x, y)$ and time $t$.
Within linear response theory, the induced density fluctuation  $\delta n(\mathbf{k} , \omega)$ is described in terms of the density response function $\chi_{nn} (\mathbf{k} , \omega)= \delta n(\mathbf{k} , \omega)/V(\mathbf{k} , \omega)$,  where $V(\mathbf{k} , \omega)$ is the Fourier transform of $V(\mathbf{r} , t)$.
This allows us to determine the collective modes of the system.

 We first implement the experimental method of exciting both sound modes, as in Ref. \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.
We drive the system along the $y$ direction using $V(\mathbf{r} , t)= V_0  \sin(\omega t) \times (y-L_y/2)/L_y$,
where $V_0$ is the driving strength and $\omega$ is the driving frequency.
This predominantly excites the longest wavelength sound modes with the wavevector $k_L=\pi/L_y$ \cite{Navon2016}.
For each $\omega$, we calculate the time evolution of the density profile $\Delta n(y, t)=n(y, t) - n$,
which is averaged over the ensemble and the $x$ direction.
The driving protocol results in center-of-mass oscillations of the cloud, as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig:shaking}(a).
Assuming that the density fluctuation corresponds to the lowest excitation mode in the box, we fit $\Delta n(y, t)$ with the function $n(y, t) = b_0 + b(t) \sin[\pi (y-L_y/2)/L_y]$ using $b_0$ and $b(t)$ as the fitting parameters.
From $b(t)$, we obtain the center-of-mass displacement $d(t)=(1/L_y) \int_0^{L_y}  dy\, y n(y, t)  = 2b(t)L_y/\pi^2$.
To calculate the steady-state response, we choose the time evolution between $160-360\, \mathrm{ms}$, which is fixed for every $\omega$.
Fitting $d(t)$ with the function $f(t) = [ R(\omega) \sin(\omega t) - A(\omega) \cos(\omega t)]  \exp(-\kappa t)$
enables us to determine the reactive $(R)$ and absorptive $(A)$ response,
where we have included an additional fit parameter $\kappa$ as global damping rate.
Using the Fourier decomposition $V(k_L, \omega)= 4 V_0/\pi^2$, the $A(\omega)$ response
yields $\mathrm{Im} \chi_{nn} (k_L, \omega)  = n \pi^4 A(\omega)/(8V_0L_y)$ and thus allows to
determine the dynamic structure factor $S(k_L, \omega)$ \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.

As second method, we employ a step-pulse perturbation of the density, which is motivated by Refs. \cite{SinghSS, Hoffmann2021}.
To perturb the density  we use the Gaussian potential $V(\mathbf{r} , t)= V_0(t) \exp[- (y-y_0)^2/(2 \sigma^2) ]$, which is centered at $y_0= L_y/2$.
$V_0(t)$ is the time-dependent strength and $\sigma$ is the width.
We suddenly turn on and off this potential for a short perturbation time of about $0.5\, \mathrm{ms}$,
which excites sound pulses as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig:step}.

 \begin{figure}[]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{dsf_cut}
\caption{$S(k, \omega)$ plots at $k/k_\xi= 0.35$ for $T/T_0=0.81$ (blue circles) and $1.22$ (red circles).
$k_\xi$ is the wave vector below which the Bogoliubov dispersion has a linear momentum dependence.
The continuous lines are the fits with the two-mode dynamic structure factor in Eq. \ref{eq:fit}.
}
\label{Fig:modes}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure*}[]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{density}
\caption{Detecting both sound modes via periodic driving of the center of mass of the cloud.
(a) Time evolution of the density profile $\Delta  n(y, t)$, averaged over the $x$ direction and the ensemble, for $V_0/\mu=0.8$,  $\omega/\omega_\mathrm{B}=0.74$ and $T/T_0 = 0.54$.
(b) Displacement $d(t)$ of the cloud's center of mass and the fit $f(t) = [R \sin(\omega t) - A  \cos(\omega t)] \exp(-\kappa t)$ (continuous line) using the fitting parameters $A$, $R$ and $\kappa$.
(c) $A(\omega)$ response as a function of $V_0/\mu$  and $\omega/\omega_\mathrm{B}$.
(d, e) show the determined values of the mode frequency and the amplitude; see text.
B and NB denote the Bogoliubov and non-Bogoliubov sound mode, respectively.
   }
\label{Fig:shaking}
\end{figure*}

\section{Dynamic structure factor}\label{sec:dsf}
To characterize the sound modes we calculate the dynamic structure factor (DSF)
\begin{align}
S(\mathbf{k} , \omega) =  \langle |n(\mathbf{k} , \omega)|^2  \rangle,
\end{align}
where $n(\mathbf{k} , \omega)$ is the Fourier transform of the density $n(\mathbf{r} , t)$ in space and time. We define $n(\mathbf{k} , \omega)$ as
\begin{align}
n(\mathbf{k} , \omega) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{N_l T_s}} \sum_i \int dt \, e^{-i(\mathbf{k}  \mathbf{r} _i - \omega t)} n(\mathbf{r} _i, t).
\end{align}
$N_l= N_x N_y$ is the number of lattice sites and $T_s = 160 \, \mathrm{ms}$ is the sampling time for the numerical Fourier transform.
The DSF gives the overlap of the density degree of freedom with the collective modes.
In Fig. \ref{Fig:dsf} we show $S(\mathbf{k} , \omega)$ as a function of the wave vector $\mathbf{k} =k_y$ and the frequency $\omega$ for various $T/T_0$.
At low temperatures it primarily shows one excitation branch, while at intermediate temperatures it shows two excitation branches.
Above the transition temperature, it displays the diffusive mode at low momenta and the excitation branch of the normal sound mode in a thermal gas.
We compare these spectra with the Bogoliubov dispersion $\hbar \omega_k = \sqrt{\epsilon_k(\epsilon_k + 2 g n_s )}$,
where $\epsilon_k = 2J[1- \cos (k_y l)]$ is the free-particle dispersion on the lattice introduced for simulations and $J= \hbar^2/(2ml^2)$ is the tunneling energy.
We numerically determine the superfluid density $n_s(T)$ from the current-current correlations; see Ref. \cite{SinghSS}.
We show the Bogoliubov prediction in Fig. \ref{Fig:dsf},
which agrees with the lower branch at all $k$ for all $T/T_0$ below the transition temperature.
This enables us to identify the lower branch as the Bogoliubov (B) mode and the higher branch as the non-Bogoliubov (NB) mode.
At low temperatures the spectral weight is on the B mode, while at intermediate temperatures both B and NB modes are visible.
The broadening of the B mode increases with increasing temperature, which occurs due to Landau damping \cite{Chung2009}.
Above the transition temperature,  the B mode transforms into the diffusive mode and the NB mode continuously connects to the normal sound mode.

In experiments, the DSF is measured via the density response $\chi_{nn} (\mathbf{k} , \omega)$ that describes the density fluctuation created by a perturbing potential. Thus, the density response is a useful tool to identify the sound modes using density probes, as we show in Sec. \ref{sec:probes}.
For $k_\mathrm{B} T \gg \hbar \omega$, the density response relates the DSF via
$S(\mathbf{k} , \omega)= -  k_\mathrm{B} T \mathrm{Im} \chi_{nn} (\mathbf{k} , \omega)/(\pi n \omega)$ \cite{Hohenberg1964, Griffin2009}.
The two sound modes are supported by Landau-Tisza's two-fluid hydrodynamic theory, yielding the density response \cite{Griffin2009}
\begin{align}\label{eq:nn}
\chi_{nn} (\mathbf{k} , \omega) = \frac{n k^2}{m} \frac{\omega^2-v^2 k^2}{ (\omega^2-v_1^2 k^2) (\omega^2-v_2^2 k^2)  },
\end{align}
which has poles at the velocities $v_1$ and $v_2$ corresponding to the two sound modes.
$v^2 =  T s^2 n_s/(c_v n_n)$ denotes an additional velocity, where $s$ is the entropy, $c_v$ is the heat capacity, $n_s$ is the superfluid density, and $n_n$ is the normal fluid density.
Following Eq. \ref{eq:nn} and including linear damping \cite{Hohenberg1965}, we fit the simulated $S(\mathbf{k} , \omega)$ with $S(\omega) =S_1(\omega)+S_2(\omega)$ for each $\mathbf{k} =k_y$, where
\begin{align}\label{eq:fit}
S_{1,2} (\omega) = \frac{x_{1,2} \omega_{1,2}^2 \Gamma_{1,2}} { (\omega^2 - \omega^2_{1,2} )^2  + ( \omega \Gamma_{1,2})^2 }.
\end{align}
The amplitudes $x_{1,2}$, mode frequencies $\omega_{1,2}$ and damping rates $\Gamma_{1,2}$ are the fit parameters.
As an example, in Fig. \ref{Fig:modes} we show the simulated $S(\mathbf{k} , \omega)$ at $k/k_\xi=0.35$ for $T/T_0=0.81$ and $1.22$.
The wave vector $k_\xi \equiv \sqrt{2}/\xi = 2.8\, \mu \mathrm{m}^{-1}$ sets the momentum scale, below which the Bogoliubov dispersion has a linear momentum dependence. We fit these spectra with Eq. \ref{eq:fit} and show their fits as the continuous lines in Fig. \ref{Fig:modes}.
The two-mode feature of the DSF is captured by Eq. \ref{eq:fit}.
At $T/T_0=0.81$, the lower (B) sound peak has higher spectral weight than the higher (NB) sound peak.
Above the transition temperature at $T/T_0=1.22$, the B mode vanishes and results in the diffusive mode,
while the NB mode becomes the normal sound mode.
This numerical observation of the two sound peaks is consistent with the measured spectra \cite{Hadzibabic2021}, which we discuss below.
To determine the sound velocities, we perform fits for various $k$ below $k_\xi$ and determine the velocities from the linear slope of $\omega_{1,2}/k$.
When there is mainly one dominant mode at low and high temperatures,
we fit with a single function in Eq. \ref{eq:fit}.
The results of the two sound velocities are presented in Fig. \ref{Fig:vel}.

\section{Excitation of density pulses}\label{sec:probes}
The two sound modes that we find in the dynamic structure factor can be measured by exciting density pulses \cite{Sidorenkov2013, Hoffmann2021, Hadzibabic2021}. In the following, we present the method of periodic modulation \cite{Hadzibabic2021} and a potential quench of the local density  \cite{Hoffmann2021, SinghSS}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{response_dsf}
\caption{Dimensionless $\tilde{A}(\omega)$ response (inset) and the corresponding dynamic structure factor $S(\omega)$ are shown at $T/T_0= 0.54$ (a) and $1.35$ (b). We used $V_0/\mu = 1$.
The continuous line in (a) is the fit with Eq. \ref{eq:fit},
whereas the continuous line in (b) is the Lorentzian fit centered at $\omega=0$.
}
\label{Fig:adsf}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Periodic driving}\label{sec:excitation}
 We first present the method of exciting both sound modes via periodic driving of the center of mass of the cloud,
 as described in \cite{Hadzibabic2021} and Sec. \ref{sec:method}.
The driving potential is directed along the $y$ direction and sinusoidally oscillates in time at frequency $\omega$.
In Fig. \ref{Fig:shaking}(a) we show the resulting time evolution of the density profile $\Delta n(y, t)$ for
$V_0/\mu=0.8$,  $\omega/\omega_\mathrm{B}=0.74$ and $T/T_0 = 0.54$.
$\mu = gn$ is the mean-field energy and $\omega_\mathrm{B} = v_\mathrm{B} k_L $ is the Bogoliubov frequency,
which results in $\omega_\mathrm{B}/(2\pi) = 34 \, \mathrm{Hz}$ for $v_\mathrm{B}= \sqrt{gn/m}=2.25\, \mathrm{mm/s}$.
The driving protocol excites  center-of-mass oscillations of the cloud at $\omega/\omega_\mathrm{B}$,
from which we determine the displacement $d(t)= 2b(t)L_y/\pi^2$; see Sec. \ref{sec:method}.
In Fig. \ref{Fig:shaking}(b) we show $d(t)$ and the corresponding fit with the function $f(t) = [R(\omega) \sin(\omega t) - A(\omega) \cos(\omega t)] \exp(-\kappa t)$, which allows us to determine the reactive $(R)$ and absorptive $(A)$ response.
We find that the damping of the oscillations, determined by $\kappa$, depends on $\omega$ and $V_0$ of the driving potential.
In Fig. \ref{Fig:shaking}(c) we show the $A(\omega)$ response determined as a function of $V_0/\mu$ and $\omega/\omega_\mathrm{B}$.
For low $V_0/\mu$, $A(\omega)$ primarily displays one maximum that corresponds to the B mode.
The location of this maximum occurs below the zero-temperature prediction $\omega/\omega_\mathrm{B} = 1$,
which is due to the thermal broadening of the phonon modes at nonzero temperatures \cite{SinghSS}.
For higher $V_0/\mu$ near and above $1$, $A(\omega)$ shows two maxima corresponding to the B and NB modes.
Interestingly, the separation between the peak locations in frequency space increases with increasing $V_0/\mu$, which is due to the nonlinear response of the system, that sets in for larger perturbations beyond the linear response, as we describe below.

   To determine the peak amplitude and the frequency, we fit $A(\omega)$ with the function $A_{1, 2} (\omega) = \omega S_{1, 2} (\omega)$, based on the relation $S(\mathbf{k} , \omega) \propto A(\omega)/\omega$, see Sec. \ref{sec:dsf} and Eq. \ref{eq:fit}.
In Figs. \ref{Fig:shaking}(d) and (e) we plot the frequency and the amplitude of each sound peak, determined via individual fitting, as a function of $V_0/\mu$.
For low driving strengths up to $V_0/\mu \sim 0.6$, the B-mode frequency remains qualitatively unchanged and is about $\omega_1/\omega_\mathrm{B} \approx 0.8$. In this weak perturbation regime, the B-mode amplitude increases linearly, which is a characteristic of linear response.
At higher $V_0/\mu$, the B-mode amplitude shows nonlinear behavior, where its frequency decreases and drops to
$\omega_1/\omega_\mathrm{B} = 0.62$ for $V_0/\mu = 1.5$.
 The higher (NB) sound peak is resolved only above $V_0/\mu \gtrsim 0.7$. Contrary to the B-mode, the NB-mode frequency increases with increasing $V_0/\mu$, while its amplitude decreases.
This reduction of the B-mode frequency and enhancement of the NB-mode frequency derives from the decreasing superfluid and increasing normal fluid density due to stronger probing, respectively.
 %
To  determine the sound velocities $v_{1,2}=\omega_{1,2}/k_L$, we use the $A(\omega)$ response in nonlinear regime at $V_0/\mu=1$,
where the two sound peaks are well resolved and motivated by the probing regime of Ref. \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.
We note that at this regime the frequencies of the modes are weakly renormalized by the probe, compared to the linear response regime. We show the results of $v_{1,2}$ for various $T/T_0$ in Fig. \ref{Fig:vel}.

 We now relate the $A(\omega)$ response to the dynamic structure factor (DSF) both below and above the transition temperature.
 For this, we calculate the $A(\omega)$ response using $V_0/\mu = 1$ at $T/T_0=0.54$ and $1.35$.
 In Fig. \ref{Fig:adsf}, we show the dimensionless response $ {\tilde{A} } = \pi^3 m v_\mathrm{B}^2 A/(8V_0 L_y)$ and the corresponding DSF
 $S = k_\mathrm{B} T  {\tilde{A} }/(m v_\mathrm{B}^2 \omega)$ below and above the transition temperature.
For $T/T_0=0.54$, $ {\tilde{A} }(\omega)$ shows the two sound peaks, which are also visible in the corresponding $S(\omega)$.
The two-peak structure is captured by the DSF in Eq. \ref{eq:fit} and is consistent with the simulated DSF of unperturbed cloud in Fig. \ref{Fig:dsf}.
Above the transition temperature, $ {\tilde{A} }(\omega)$  primarily shows the diffusive sound peak and the higher mode is not discernible.
This absence of the higher sound peak is in contrast with the measured response \cite{Hadzibabic2021} as well as the simulated DSF in Fig. \ref{Fig:dsf} and the step-pulse excitation in Fig. \ref{Fig:step}, which show both diffusive and higher sound modes.
The reason for this discrepancy can be the decay of the oscillations shown in Fig. \ref{Fig:shaking}(b),
which is not discernible in the measurements  \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.
In Fig. \ref{Fig:adsf}(b) we show $S(\omega)$ corresponding to $ {\tilde{A} }(\omega)$ at $T/T_0= 1.35$,
which results in the diffusive sound mode centered at $\omega=0$.
We fit  $S(\omega)$ with the Lorentzian $f(\omega)= x_\mathrm{T} \Gamma_\mathrm{T}/(\omega^2 + \Gamma_\mathrm{T}^2)$
using $x_\mathrm{T}$ and  $\Gamma_\mathrm{T}$ as the fitting parameters.
The width of the diffusive mode yields the thermal diffusivity $D_\mathrm{T}= \Gamma_\mathrm{T}/k_L^2 = (7.2 \pm 0.2) \hbar/m$,
which agrees with the measured $D_\mathrm{T} = (5 \pm 2) \hbar/m$ \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.
Furthermore, our result of $D_\mathrm{T}$ is above the sound diffusivities measured in strongly interacting 2D Fermi gases \cite{Bohlen2020}.

\begin{figure*}[t]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{density_step}
\caption{Excitation of two sound pulses via a step-pulse perturbation of the local density.
Time evolution of the density $\Delta  n(y, t)$ displays the propagation of two sound modes below the transition and one sound mode  above the transition. The blue (red) arrow denotes the propagation of the slow (fast) sound mode.
The attractive potential produces a density increase at the location of the perturbation,
which results in an additional excitation (white pulses) after the potential is switched off.
  }
\label{Fig:step}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Step-pulse perturbation}\label{sec:step}

In this section we demonstrate the method of  step-pulse perturbation, which excites sound modes by locally perturbing the density.
The perturbation sequence is described in Sec.  \ref{sec:method} and the perturbation potential is a Gaussian,
for which we use the strength $|V_0|/\mu$ in the range $0.2-1.0$ and the width $\sigma/\xi=2.9$,
where $\xi=0.51\, \mu \mathrm{m}$ is the healing length.
In Fig. \ref{Fig:step} we show the time evolution of the density profile $\Delta n(y, t)$.
The perturbation potential was turned on for about $0.5\, \mathrm{ms}$, which excites two (fast and slow) sound pulses below the transition temperature and one sound pulse above the transition temperature.
The increased density at the location of the perturbation results in an additional pulse after the perturbation is turned off.
Below $T/T_0  \sim 1$, the fast and slow pulse initially overlap and then eventually separate into two pulses propagating at different velocities,
as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig:step}.
The fast pulse corresponds to the NB mode, whereas the slow pulse represents the B mode.
In the long-time evolution the fast pulse bounces off the wall of the box and continues propagating towards the center.
At low temperatures, the amplitude of the B mode is higher than the NB mode,
whereas at higher temperature $T/T_0=0.81$, the NB mode has higher amplitude than the B mode.
This is consistent with the spectral weights of the modes in the dynamic structure factor in Fig. \ref{Fig:dsf}.
Near the transition temperature $T/T_0 \sim 1$, the propagation of the B mode vanishes and results in the diffusive sound mode.
Above the transition temperature, the time evolution primarily shows the propagation of the normal sound mode and also diffusive dynamics at the location of the perturbation.
To obtain the sound velocities, we fit the density profile with one or two Gaussians to determine the locations of one or two density pulses.
The time dependence of the locations gives the sound velocities, which we show in Fig. \ref{Fig:vel}.

\begin{figure}[]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{sound_step}
\caption{Temperature dependence of the two sound mode velocities across the BKT transition.
Results of the dynamic structure factor (blue and red squares), the driven response with $V_0/\mu=1$ (open circles connected with a dashed line)  and the step-pulse perturbation (black and red crosses) are compared with the measurements of the two sound velocities (blue and red filled circles) of Ref. \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.
The continuous line is the Bogoliubov estimate $v_{\mathrm{B}, T}$ based on the numerically determined superfluid density; see text.
}
\label{Fig:vel}
\end{figure}

\section{Comparison to experiments}\label{sec:comp}

  In Fig. \ref{Fig:vel}, we combine our simulation results of the sound velocities and compare them with the measurements \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.
The temperature dependence of the two mode velocities determined from the dynamic structure factor (DSF) of unperturbed cloud serves as a benchmark for the results based on the density response involving external perturbations.
The higher-mode velocity displays a weak temperature dependence at all temperatures and no signature of a jump at the transition.
On the other hand, the lower-mode velocity decreases with increasing temperature and vanishes above the transition temperature.
We compare this result with the nonzero temperature Bogoliubov estimate $v_{\mathrm{B}, T}=\sqrt{g n_s(T)/m}$, which is obtained using the numerically determined superfluid density $n_s(T)$; see, for details, Ref. \cite{SinghSS}.
$v_{\mathrm{B}, T}$ agrees with the lower-mode velocity and shows the crossover behavior at the transition, rather than a jump,
which is expected for a finite-size system \cite{Pilati2008, Matt2010, sf_2019, SinghJJ}.

In Fig. \ref{Fig:vel} we now compare the DSF results with the sound velocities determined using density probes in the experiments and in our simulations.
Overall, the measured higher-mode velocity agrees with the DSF higher-mode velocity.
However, the measured lower velocity is higher than the DSF lower velocity at $T/T_0 < 1$, except for the measurements at $T/T_0 \geq 1$,
which show agreement.
We note that the measured $T_c/T_0 = 1$ is determined based on the disappearance of lower sound peak \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.
We also present the simulation velocities obtained by imitating the experimental protocol described in Sec. \ref{sec:excitation}. We used the driving strength $V_0/\mu=1$ in line with the used values in the experiments between $V_0/\mu=0.47 - 1$ \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.
The simulated higher-mode velocity agrees with the measured higher-mode velocity and shows deviations from the DSF higher-mode velocity at low temperatures.
On the other hand, the simulated lower velocity is smaller than the measured lower velocity at $T/T_0 < 0.75$ and agrees with the measurements at $T/T_0 > 0.75$.
In Fig. \ref{Fig:vel} we also show the two sound velocities determined via a step-pulse perturbation in Sec. \ref{sec:step}, which agree with the results of the DSF throughout the transition for both the higher and lower velocity.

  The lower-velocity results of the DSF and step-pulse perturbation are in agreement with the Bogoliubov estimate $v_{\mathrm{B}, T}$,  confirming that the sound velocity is smaller than the measurements and there is smooth crossover occurring near the transition point.
The deviation near the transition temperature is reproduced by the simulations of the driven response,
which yield similar velocities as in the measurements.  These simulations then systematically deviate from the measurements at intermediate and low temperatures, which seems to occur due to a variation in the used value of the driving strength in the measurements and the corresponding change in nonlinear response. Furthermore, the measurement uncertainty of the box length and the density can also affect the magnitude of the measured sound velocities \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.

\section{Conclusions}\label{sec:conclusion}
We have determined and discussed the propagation of first and second sound in homogeneous 2D Bose gases across the BKT transition using classical-field simulations for the experimental parameters of Ref. \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.
We have identified the two sound modes based on the dynamic structure factor, which are the Bogoliubov (B) and non-Bogoliubov (NB) sound modes below the transition and the diffusive and normal sound modes above the transition.
We have excited the sound modes using the experimental method of periodic driving \cite{Hadzibabic2021} and the method of step-pulse perturbation \cite{Hoffmann2021, SinghSS}.
We have determined the sound velocities from the dynamic structure factor (DSF), the driven response and the step-pulse excitation and compared them with the measurements of Ref. \cite{Hadzibabic2021}.
While the sound results of the DSF and step-pulse excitation show excellent agreement, the results of the driven response show a systematic deviation, compared to the DSF results,  due to nonlinear response.
If the probing strength is small, the driven response recovers the Bogoliubov mode velocity. However, for small probing strengths, the signal of the non-Bogoliubov mode vanishes. It only becomes measurable for intermediate probing strengths. At these probing strengths, the nonlinear character of the probe influences the frequencies of the measured sound modes.
Therefore, this approach only gives an approximate value of the sound velocities, for these probing strengths.
Overall, the simulated higher-mode velocity is above the B mode velocity and displays a weak-temperature dependence across the transition, which is in agreement with the corresponding measurements of the higher mode velocity.
On the other hand, the measured lower mode velocity is below the simulated velocities of the DSF and step-pulse excitation but agrees with the results of the simulated density response at high temperatures across the transition.

   Our results give insight into the temperature dependence of the two sound modes of dilute 2D Bose gases, and the signature of these modes in the measurement techniques of Refs. \cite{Hadzibabic2021} and \cite{Hoffmann2021}. Our results reproduce largely the measurement results of \cite{Hadzibabic2021}, while demonstrating that the strong-driving results are subject to driving-induced frequency shifts. These shifts might obscure the measurements of these frequencies. Furthermore, generating a signal for the non-Bogoliubov mode requires strong driving, making this probe technique more suitable for a qualitative investigation of the modes, in contrast to the step-pulse technique of \cite{Hoffmann2021}.
For increasing interactions or densities, these modes undergo hybridization and crossover to the strong-coupling regime occurs \cite{SinghSS, SinghSF}, which warrant further experimental investigations.
The two sound modes and their coupling can affect the dynamics, such as the propagation of deterministic vortex colliders \cite{Kwon2021}.
Our results enable the further study of these phenomena, as they provide an in-depth insight into the key probing techniques of the field.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
We thank Panagiotis Christodoulou for insightful discussions.
This work is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the framework of SFB 925 – project ID 170620586
and the excellence cluster  `Advanced Imaging of Matter' - EXC 2056 - project ID 390715994, and
 the Cluster of Excellence 'QuantumFrontiers' - EXC 2123 - project ID 390837967.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Home » NFL » Alabama No. 1, Ohio State No. 2 in the final NCAA Re-Rank 1-127 of the 2020 season
Alabama No. 1, Ohio State No. 2 in the final NCAA Re-Rank 1-127 of the 2020 season
Alabama finishes No. 1 as the only unbeaten team in the Football Bowl Subdivision in the final USA TODAY Sports NCAA Re-Rank 1-127 of the 2020 season after beating Ohio State 52-24 in the College Football Playoff national championship game.
The Buckeyes move up to No. 2 in the final 1-127 with their defeat of Clemson in the Sugar Bowl. The Tigers dropped one spot to No. 3. Texas A&M, Notre Dame, Oklahoma, Georgia, Northwestern, Cincinnati and Iowa State round out the top 10.
The Bearcats, who narrowly lost to Georgia in the Peach Bowl, are one of eight Group of Five teams in the final top 25. Joining Cincinnati are No. 11 Coastal Carolina, No. 12 Louisiana-Lafayette, No. 13 Brigham Young, No. 15 Liberty, No. 22 Ball State, No. 24 San Jose State and No. 25 Army.
Alabama running back Najee Harris (22) is tackled by Ohio State safety Josh Proctor (41) and cornerback Shaun Wade during the College Football Playoff national championship game at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Fla. (Photo: Kyle Robertson, Columbus Dispatch)
Among the Power Five conferences, the ACC, Big 12, Big Ten and SEC each had four teams in the top 25. The Pac-12 only had one, No. 21 Southern California.
LOOKING AHEAD: Alabama, Georgia lead early look at the Top 25 for the 2021
CHANGE NEEDED: How to break up Nick Saban's monopoly at Alabama
EPIC FAIL: With what was at stake, this was bad day for Ohio State defense
With a limited bowl slate due to the coronavirus, there was less movement than usual coming out of the postseason. Some teams did rise based on bowl play: Memphis is up 14 spots to No. 30, Ole Miss is up 15 to No. 36 and Kentucky is up 22 to No. 54. In the other direction, Central Florida falls 15 spots to No. 44 after being blown out by No. 13 Brigham Young in the Boca Raton Bowl.
There was no debate at the top or the bottom of the final re-rank. Coming at No. 127 was Louisiana-Monroe, which failed to lead at any point in any game this season. The lowest-ranked Power Five team was No. 124 Kansas.
American foot, College Football
FA Youth Cup 'is to be suspended while the country is in lockdown'
Kylian Mbappe: All roads leading to Real Madrid for Paris Saint-Germain star?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What are teeneagers' favourite things? Have a look at what 2ª A students have chosen!!!
I think some of the things are useful and some of them are sentimental such as the necklace.
The works are really good too!
Keep doing and improving the english!
This job is interesting because we can know the things that students in 2ºESO like.
Hi my name is Sara from 4ºESO.
good work 2ºA, I liked your writings,they are very interesting and funny, I would like to have done this type of writings when I was in 2ºESO, it is a good topic.
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In my opinion, these writings have varied themes, and all of them are very well written. Making this kind of activities we learn to write,and to know the tastes of our classmates.
Hi muy name is Pablo from 2A.
Hello, my name is Alejandro Jiménez and I´m from 2ºA. I like the Rubik´s cube and the mobile phone because they are very interesting and funny.
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I like do this job because I know the favourite things of my companions. Some things are very funny and other are very interesting. The jobs are fantastic.
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I think this is useful because they remember all their important things and also, they can show us why it is important for them.
My favourite things are all my book and my laptop.
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text:
Despite storms, UIS freshmen move-in goes smoothly
By Courtney Westlake
The new freshmen class at UIS braved the storms and tornado sirens on Wednesday, August 19, as they loaded up all of their suitcases, computers and other personal items from their cars and carried everything in to their new rooms in the two campus residence halls during move-in day at UIS.
"In the 29 years of openings that I've been involved with in campus housing, this is the first year that we've operated under a tornado warning, so that's added a new wrinkle to the organized chaos," laughed John Ringle, director of UIS Housing. "I think it went fairly smoothly, all things considered."
When the campus notification came through from the campus police that there was a tornado warning in the mid-afternoon and the sirens began to sound, the housing department moved in all of the students, their parents, and campus volunteers who were helping outdoors and made sure they were under cover, Ringle said.
"It's not something we plan for, but we had contingency plan that went into effect virtually flawlessly," Ringle said.
Ringle noted that UIS is likely to surpass the 1,100 number of on-campus students, which the university has never reached before.
"In fact, last year we cracked the 1,000 barrier," he said. "I think we've got more students living on campus, and we also have more transfer students and graduate students. I always like to be 100 percent occupied, or even 101 percent to be on safe side, but I think we'll be in the high 90s."
Move-in day for the freshmen class is always a team effort from many people on campus, Ringle said.
"I want to thank the groups we had helping - all of the volunteers -and it's been a great opportunity for them to network and meet some of the new students as well," he said.
Posted by Courtney Westlake at Wednesday, August 19, 2009
Labels: Student Affairs, Students, University
Welcome Frosh!
A reminder of Beloit's Mindset List -
http://www.beloit.edu/mindset/2013.php
UIS students volunteer during Service-A-Thon
Welcome Week 2009 Activities
Chancellor's picnic welcomes back students
"Save a Life" Tour
Illinois Issues and WUIS take top awards
College of Business and Management signs 2+2 agree...
UIS ranked 4th best in the Midwest for 2nd straigh...
Convocation kicks off 2009-2010 academic year
Twenty-one new faculty join UIS for fall 2009
UIS accepted by Apple for listing in iTunes Store
Governor Quinn visits UIS Emiquon display at State...
UIS faculty members receive MicrobeLibrary Editor'...
Honors received by UIS faculty, alumnus at nationa...
Seven students receive awards from EXS-L Programs ...


text:
Sebring es una ciudad ubicada en el condado de Highlands en el estado estadounidense de Florida. En el Censo de 2010 tenía una población de 10.491 habitantes y una densidad poblacional de 252,5 personas por km².

Geografía
Sebring se encuentra ubicada en las coordenadas . Según la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos, Sebring tiene una superficie total de 41,55 km², de la cual 25,84 km² corresponden a tierra firme y (37,8%) 15,71 km² es agua.

Demografía
Según el censo de 2010, había 10.491 personas residiendo en Sebring. La densidad de población era de 252,5 hab./km². De los 10.491 habitantes, Sebring estaba compuesto por el 76% blancos, el 14,72% eran afroamericanos, el 0,74% eran amerindios, el 1,36% eran asiáticos, el 0,04% eran isleños del Pacífico, el 4,48% eran de otras razas y el 2,66% pertenecían a dos o más razas. Del total de la población el 17,59% eran hispanos o latinos de cualquier raza.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Ciudades de Florida
Localidades del condado de Highlands

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
I don't know about you guys, but I'm suddenly a huge fan of the New York Knicks. This team took our -9.5 Paid Play yesterday and demolished that spread by about the 7 minute mark of the 1st quarter, and never looked back. They were up 22 after the first, 32 at halftime, 45 after the third, and despite entering garbage time exceptionally early, still maintained a 43-point victory for an easy, no-sweat cover. Grab that 1* and stuff it in your pocket.
And while you're at it, grab that 0.5* Premium Freebie on the Spurs-Raptors Under, a winner that appeared to be in hand midway through the second quarter. I really can't complain - while everyone was trying to guess which Pro Bowlers wouldn't play the second half of every NFL game, we just picked apart another NBA card to move Paid Plays and Free Plays each to 2-0 thus far in the year 2010. We've collected 3.25 units of profit in this little mini-run (4-0), and I just feel like the pep-talk from the team of sharp, sharp NBA minds that shows up at this blog every day has really jump-started my handicapping. It doesn't hurt that a few of my strongest leans got steamed like crazy a few hours before gametime!
Hawks @ Heat - Miami getting 1.5 points at home with a total of 196.5. I'll tell you right now, looking at this card, with two games of a 1.5-point spread, I would not be surprised at all to see the sharps try to set up a few middles. I think the initial move on this one is that the line gets positively crushed towards Miami, possibly even making its way all the way to -1. If not this game, then the next one, which you'll be reading about momentarily. Generally, it's pretty easy to get that move, too. Sharps will bet it down to a pick, and steamchasers will do the rest of the work. From a handicapping standpoint, I don't feel like either of these teams has much in the way of momentum. The Heat have lost and failed to cover 3 consecutive games, and the culprit has clearly been poor defense. Miami gave up 95 to the low-scoring Hornets, then 108 and 107 to the Spurs and Bobcats, respectively. Miami isn't going to win any games when they give up 100 points, not to teams that defend well (like Charlotte and San Antonio), that's for sure. Poor defense against the Hawks will be curtains, as well, since we all know how Atlanta can score. That being said, the Hawks have not responded well to the back-to-back losses to the Cavs, as a lackluster defensive effort led to a Knicks OT victory over Atlanta on New Years Day. As a result of both teams' cold play, I think the side is a little low on value, though if you want to "bet like a Pro", you could probably grab the +1.5, and then wait and see if the line flips favorites. In terms of the total, I think it's a tad on the low side. Miami's defense, as we've seen, is suffering lately, and when Atlanta has any sort of say in the tempo, they prefer games up over 200. I lean Over.
Thunder @ Bulls - Bulls by 1.5 with a total of 194.5. Just as we saw two teams in the first game on the docket scuffling with a 1.5-point spread, here we see two teams playing good basketball with a 1.5-point spread. Once again, I imagine there's a decent shot that the +1.5 team gets steamed first for the potential two-dog middle, and once again I think the side isn't huge on value. The Bulls have won, and covered, 4 straight games, including their last victory, an 8-point thumping of the Orlando Magic. So, dare we say the "value" is down on Chicago, and fade them, or do we "ride the wave" while this team continues to win? I'm inclined to say that in most cases, I like the fade in this particular situation. Chicago is coming off a huge win over Orlando, as noted, and they're ripe for a small letdown. But, on the other hand, the Thunder had their own 5-game winning streak snapped by an OT loss in Milwaukee, and you guys all know how I feel about a young team coming off a win streak. I hate to do this again, but I'm running squarely into another game where I think neither side is sitting on an advantage on the line. You could try to play a middle again, but my attention is going to be mostly focused on the total. Before I break down the number, I should also note that if either this game or the one above starts moving violently to the favorite (such as the Bulls suddenly being favored by 2.5 or 3), that might be good enough reason to consider a play on that team, since both of these clubs are in position to play a good game, I just don't have strong feelings for either. The total of 194.5 feels just a shade high, as the Thunder are starting to cool off, and I like the way the Bulls have been playing defense on their current win streak.
Hornets @ Jazz - Utah by 8 with a total of 196. Here's a slightly more significant spread, up over that 7-point barrier that separates a game decided late from one that, well, may not be. This is a line based largely on home/road splits. Quickly, the Jazz are 12-5 at home, 6-10 on the road, +9.3 home vs. road final margin numbers. The Hornets are even more severe, 13-3 at home, 2-13 on the road, -10.2 road vs home final margin. So we're looking at two teams that appear to deserve 4-5 points when playing at home over a neutral court. I believe that's why we're seeing such a steep line for this game. It certainly isn't based on the last few games for each club. Utah has lost 2 in a row, a 1-point defeat in Oklahoma, and a 10-point home loss to the Melo and Billups-less Nuggets. New Orleans has won 2 of their last 3 games, both home victories to no one's surprise. So then, my initial impression is that this line is strikingly similar to the Knicks game yesterday. 8 points looks like a ton for a cold Jazz club taking on a hot-at-home Hornets club, but at the same time, Utah might very well wake up and deliver a beating in this one. Let's keep an eye on the line. The total of 196 looks extremely high with the way the Hornets have tried to slow games lately, but we have to remember that New Orleans' defense is dismal on the road. They allow just 96.7 points at home, but 105.1 on the road, and I'm not sure this game doesn't hit 210. I lean Over, but I need some line movement confirmation on this one, as well, since I'm not quite sure how well Deron Williams is, and his health is a huge factor in Utah's ability to not only score, but score quickly.
Trailblazers @ Clippers - Clippers by 3 with a total of 188.5. What the hell? The Clippers are favored to the Blazers? What has become of this world? Let me make sure I'm getting this right -- the Clippers, 14-18 on the season, underdogs of 6.5 points in Portland less than a week ago, are now considered (more or less) the Blazers' equal on a neutral court. Something is funny around these parts, and I intend to find out what it is. To the Clippers' credit, they have covered their last 3 games in a row, and this game will be their first since December 31. They have also shot 51%, 49% and 55% in their last 3 games, so the offense is "clicking" about as well as it can for LA. They also unleashed a furious fast break attack on the Sixers in the New Years Eve win that led to a monster second half and a 16-point thumping of a hot Philadelphia club. Once again, this team seems to be a total enigma. I hate inconsistency, as it is truly the bane of an NBA handicapper. Portland beat Golden State on January 2, so they won't be quite as well-rested, but after the loss to Philly, Portland has again won 2 straight. Lamarcus Aldridge is a concern, and his potential absence may have something to do with this odd line. Also, historically a much better home team, the Blazers have won their last 3 road contests, all as underdogs, so we can't discount them just because they're not giving away points. This is a tough one to make a call on, but I have to think that the Clippers get it done. If this game goes ANYTHING like the one up in Portland, the Clippers win easily. LA was the more aggressive team, and only lost that game because of Portland's ability to make tough shots in front of their home crowd. I also like the Under, since the game up in Oregon hit 202, yet oddsmakers have set this line almost 14 points lower than that total, and 1.5 points lower than the 190-point total we saw in the last game.
Push You Around
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Scott Skiles, Bookie Killer
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Mr. Bebe's Glorious Return
Dan Goes to a Bachelor Party, Day One
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39 Refs
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Beautiful Canadian Morning
Rasual Fit
Another Day, Another Buzzer-Beater
78 Points Ain't Nothin'
Manu Goes And1
slumpbusteD
(S)hitsville, USA
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Guide 101: A Quick Look at the Work of a Corporate Photographer!
Like most people, you are probably wondering if "corporate photography" is actually a term. What does a corporate photographer do? Is their work different than of a regular wedding photographer? Entrepreneurs and business owners should consider this post as an essential read, because we are looking at the work, expertise of corporate photographer.
What does a corporate photographer do?
As the name suggests, a corporate photographer specializes in business photography. These are professionals who have expertise in taking specific kinds of photos, typically required for business promotions, company websites, LinkedIn profiles and marketing. Depending on the type of assignment, corporate photographers might be involved in taking photos at events, or can be hired just to take all the headshots for a company, so as to create a cohesive look for the brand concerned.
Is a corporate photographer different from other photography services?
Yes, absolutely. The role of a corporate photographer is more related to professional needs. It's not like taking candid images at a wedding, but more about considering an image for a brand and creating the same using the right setup, tools, and equipment.
What to expect in terms of services?
Many corporate photography services have their own studios, so for businesses that are looking for headshots and portraits, they can simply visit the office of a selected service for getting the shoot done. Most services, however, can come over and take the images, which can be headshots and full portraits, at your workplace, which is what many clients prefer. They will bring all the equipment and gear required for the shoot, and you can expect to pay a fixed price for each headshot taken. Similar, some corporate photographers prefer a fixed charge for attending and covering events.
First and foremost, always check the work of a corporate photography service before you consider them for your project. It is also important that you evaluate the costs, although paying a tad more for a slightly better/known service is never a bad idea. You can also ask for references and check samples of their projects. In case of corporate photographers, you need a team that understands businesses and can help in rethinking your brand's image through photos.
As you may have guessed, corporate photographers do matter for clients in business sector, and if you have a company, you should be hiring one for your brand.
How To Find The Best Pest Controlling Company?
© 2019 - Zaman Company. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Activists and farmers tackle food deserts on Chicago's South Side — 'Food is a tool of resistance'
By Adam Lukach , Darcel Rockett , Phil Vettel , Natalie Wade and Cheryl V. Jackson
DeAndre Brooks is the farm manager at Growing Home, a paid urban farm training program that brings job skills and fresh produce to Chicago's South Side. Brooks is shown here at the Growing Home Wood Street farm in Chicago, on Sept. 12, 2014. (Andrew Collings)
Using food as a catalyst for community involvement, community empowerment and healthful eating, Black South Side food activists and entrepreneurs are bringing change to neighborhoods commonly thought of as food deserts. Here are profiles of seven of these difference-makers. — Phil Vettel
Q&As are edited and condensed for clarity.
DeAndre Brooks, farm manager at Growing Home
DeAndre Brooks: "The goal is to get everybody in Englewood to be knowledgeable about healthy eating and growing their own veggies." (Andrew Collings)
As farm manager at Growing Home, DeAndre Brooks instructs participants at the 17-year-old paid urban farm training program that brings job skills and fresh produce to Englewood, a community plagued with high rates of unemployment, poverty and a lack of healthy food choices.
It fuses urban agriculture with support to help trainees overcome criminal records, child-care issues and housing needs. Upon completion, participants get jobs at restaurants, grocery stores, local food hubs and the like. Growing Home farmers sell produce at farm stands and encourage residents to grow their own.
Brooks, 36, joined the program as a production assistant trainee in 2012 with the intention of getting culinary instruction and operating his own food truck. After his training though, he was offered a full-time job at Growing Home and he moved up the ladder as his agricultural skills grew. He became a crew leader, then assistant manager before taking on the farm manager position with responsibilities that include scheduling training — the program has about 50 participants each year — developing planting guides, supervising crew leaders and assuring soil testing.
Q: Why did you choose to join Growing Home, and why is it important that it exists in Englewood?
A: We're on 58th and Wood; right in the heart of poverty. There's a food desert here. We need to advocate for people eating healthy. We didn't have a grocery store around here until Whole Foods — and that was just built. The goal is to get everybody in Englewood to be knowledgeable about healthy eating and growing their own veggies.
Also, it's a training program for people with barriers to getting jobs. We try to give them the tools they need to get back into the workforce.
Q: What has been your biggest challenge with the enterprise?
A: Getting the word out. The more we can promote our stuff in the neighborhood, the more we can get people to come to the workshops we have on-site and to the farm stand.
Q: What do you want people to know about Black food culture on Chicago's South Side?
A: They should know that cultivating and urban farming is going back to our roots. Our ancestors were cultivating and farming. They weren't spraying different stuff on their food, and now we have this conventional food being sprayed with different stuff harming our bodies, causing us to stay at the doctor. If we eat healthy and get the proper food, we won't be at the doctor, spending all this money, like we're doing now. Our (rate of) diabetes would be lower. Our blood pressure would be lower.
Q: Uncle Remus or Harold's?
A: I'm a Harold's guy. Salt and pepper. Mild sauce and hot on the side. I just like to drizzle mine on there a little bit.
Growing Home Inc., 825 W. 69th St., 773-549-1336, growinghomeinc.org
— Cheryl V. Jackson
Gabrielle Darvassy, chef/owner of B'Gabs Goodies
After autoimmune issues led her to develop raw plant-based recipes for her health, Gabrielle Darvassy left her corporate job to start B'Gabs Goodies, which runs B'Gabs Vegan Scratch Kitchen in Hyde Park, offering healthy dining options to others with dietary challenges. From cold-pressed juices to estrogen-free eats to traditional comfort foods, the menu is meant to help people transition to and maintain healthy lifestyles.
Prior to opening the initial Woodlawn location — one of the firsts to focus solely on raw foods — Darvassy provided food education to families. Children with ADHD; cancer and herpes patients; as well as those with diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol were coming through the doors.
The menu now includes buckwheat pancakes, spiced scrambled chickpeas, smoothie bowls, salads, muffins and pies.
Darvassy has grown the restaurant into a de facto health center, offering cleanses, detoxes, meal plans and programming with a staff that includes doctors, alternative medicine practitioners and a psychologist.
She's turning over new nighttime operations — regular hours are 7:30 a.m.-3 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday and 9 a.m.-3 p.m. Sundays — to her adult son on Thursday, Friday and Saturday for events and as a place for youths to hang out as well as learn to run a business.
Q: Why did you choose to start B'Gabs, and why is it important that it exists on the South Side?
A: The first location was in Woodlawn. Part of my own personal social mission was to prove that people in food deserts or people who are considered disenfranchised populations want healthy options. They want everything that everyone else wants.
I went into that community and within six months, we went from the red to the black. Fast forward a few years: We grew out of the space and I only wanted to be on the South Side. We were able to relocate in Hyde Park, which is where I live.
Q: What has been your biggest challenge?
A: Life changes. Life changes affect your business. With a restaurant, you could work 24 hours a day. There's always something to do. If you have a family or other commitments, you need to figure out how you can balance it all and make sure you're taking care of yourself. I've got children — one is 20, and he works with me; the other is 7. My personal schedule and the hours of operation are tied to my youngest child's school.
A: We eat everything! It's not just about stereotypical things. Soul food is food cooked from the soul. Every culture has soul food and if you just drive through the streets of the South Side, there's everything available.
Veganism isn't for a certain population of people; it's for everybody. And it has always been a part of our culture. At one point, that was all we could afford to eat, except for animal scraps.
A: I've never eaten either, so I couldn't tell you.
B'Gabs Goodies, 1450 E. 57th St., 773-256-1000, bgabsgoodies.com
Erika Dudley, founder of Erika's Loom
Erika Dudley: "People long to connect and once there's trust, folks will go anywhere and try anything!" (Richard Neer)
Erika Dudley is the mind behind Erika's Loom, an event series that highlights the cultural capital of the South Side through the arts, history and food. It's a part of the University of Chicago's Civic Knowledge Project, where she is also senior program manager for Progressive Conversations. Through Erika's Loom, she has been connecting food experiences with community building for 11 years (four to six events are planned each month from October through June annually). Equipped with a degree in French history from Harvard and a background that includes studying at Le Cordon Bleu in Paris, Dudley divides her time between restaurants and community building/education as a historian, chef and visual artist who sees these roles as deeply intertwined.
Her work is based on the idea of taking the very familiar ritual of breaking bread with others and shifting to less familiar settings and tackling issues of community, race, art, gender, literature and class. Everyone eats. Everyone has at least one good memory of a meal or dish with family or friends, a childhood food memory, an experience. That's the power of our humanity: remembering, reenacting and creating new, shared experiences in response to who is at the table with us.
Q: Why did you choose to open Erika's Loom and why is it important that it exists in Hyde Park?
A: Erika's Loom is the result of a deep desire to do three things:
Highlight the outstanding work and activity happening on the South Side and how the work in food, the arts and community building is woven together.
Celebrate the cultural history, current state and future of food growers and makers with as many as possible.
Emphasize the abundance of food and good will despite challenges like food deserts. I'm particularly interested in the way people always have shared their bounty, regardless of quantity.
I choose to remain in this neighborhood because of its diversity and focus on learning. I see the entire city as a place to explore and thrive. It enables me to focus on CKP's mission that the free and reciprocal flow of humanities-based knowledge is empowering for all.
A: People long to connect and once there's trust, folks will go anywhere and try anything! It's fair to say that has been my only challenge.
A: It's flourishing! Although it has often been the result of scarcity, hardship and discrimination, it is a celebration of creativity, inventiveness and connection.
A: If the menus at my gatherings are any indication, I must say Harold's.
Civic Knowledge Project at University of Chicago, 1115 E. 58th St., 773-702-8512, civicknowledge.uchicago.edu
— Darcel Rockett
Erika Allen, co-founder and CEO, Urban Growers Collective
Erika Allen: "It really is important to think about how, if we're not in control of our food system, we're really not free. And we need to think about how we take care of ourselves and each other through food." (Urban Growers Collective)
Created in 2018, Urban Growers Collective was founded with a mission to bring healthy food as well as economic opportunity to Chicago's South Side, addressing inequity and promoting healing through a face-to-face agricultural experience. The collective offers youth and adult job education and training, volunteer experiences, community engagement and ways for people in low-income communities to access healthy and nutritious food. Erika Allen integrates creative techniques into addressing food inequity and, alongside co-founder Laurell Sims, has established multiple urban farms.
A social activist, Allen is also a founding member of the Growing Food and Justice for All Initiative.
Q: Why did you decide to co-found this organization?
A: We created our program to really address the inequities of structural racism that exist in the food system and we choose to work in communities of color.
There's such a big gap in racial equity, and it is also for people of color — especially of African descent — to heal over the wounds of how we were abused through enslavement. Through urban agriculture, we're able to create and support nourishing environments that impact all of our health. We're able to develop more economic opportunity, and do that through the arts, creativity and opportunities for full-person healing.
Q: What has been the biggest challenge?
A: Problem-solving around all the different aspects of the food system takes such a long time. It's a very time-based approach to develop the land and have the resources and infrastructure to really support the farming piece of it. It's also a challenge finding and training folks that really want to do the work, who don't have it romanticized, who really want to grow food and support the healing community.
A: Food is a tool of resistance and resilience but we've always used it to heal ourselves. It really is important to think about how, if we're not in control of our food system, we're really not free. And we need to think about how we take care of ourselves and each other through food.
A: Oh come on. Are you serious? Harold's! I can't get down with something called Uncle Remus, but I don't eat Harold's very often.
Urban Growers Collective, 1200 W. 35th St., 773-376-8882, urbangrowerscollective.org
— Natalie Wade
Nicole Robinson, vice president of community impact, Greater Chicago Food Depository
Nicole Robinson: "I'm a big fan of helping to change the narrative and the Food Depository provides me an opportunity to be a part of the solution that addresses some of the issues that Chicago faces." (Greater Chicago Food Depository)
Nicole Robinson is passionate about the Greater Chicago Food Depository's mission and in particular, Chicago's Community Kitchens, its 14-week culinary program that provides training for adults who are interested in working in hospitality, management and culinary arts but do not have the means to attain the education on their own.
Q: Why did you decide to join this organization?
A: I'm a kid of the South Side. I live in Bronzeville today, but grew up in different neighborhoods on the South Side. I'm also a kid of SNAP, which is a really powerful public benefit that's available to families, and it's one of the most powerful tools that we have in our kit to help us in hunger because it empowers families to be able to purchase food that they wouldn't be able to afford otherwise.
I'm really passionate about the South Side. I'm a big fan of helping to change the narrative and the Food Depository provides me an opportunity to be a part of the solution that addresses some of the issues that Chicago faces.
To be a part of helping make communities better where I grew up and lived and walked the playgrounds, parks, the libraries and to be able to make that better for the next generation — that's part of what we're able to do at the Food Depository by connecting families to nutrition education, benefits and employment.
A: Communication and awareness building, employment partners and resources. I want this program to be everywhere and for everyone to know about it. We have lots of great employment partners on the South Side but we'd actually love to have more on the journey. There are certain partners that work well and we continue to send them students, but we'd like to have more.
A: That it is colorful, it will surprise you and it will delight you.
A: You know what, I'm going to be controversial. Harold's Chicken. I'm sticking with Harold's and I'll just deal with my friends on the West Side later.
Greater Chicago Food Depository, 4100 W. Ann Lurie Place, 773-247-3663, chicagosfoodbank.org
Anton Seals Jr., co-founder and executive director of Grow Greater Englewood
Anton Seals Jr.: "We do our best to see that Black people are owning and managing and stewarding the land in their own community. Land is essential to any liberating process. Maintaining and owning the land should go in the hands of those most harmed by poor public policy." (James Porter)
Anton Seals is the co-founder (in 2014) and executive director of Grow Greater Englewood, an organization dedicated to creating sustainable food economies and green businesses to empower neighborhood residents and seeks to turn Englewood into a "food oasis" via locally owned and managed urban farms.
One of its biggest priorities has been getting the city to convert vacant neighborhood land into community farms owned and operated by residents.
Q: Why did you choose to open your organization, and why is it important that it exists in Englewood?
A: At that time, there was talk about a Whole Foods coming to the neighborhood. We approached that on two fronts. One, that the new Whole Foods would have a community benefits program in place, and that more Black farmers would be represented. We weren't just going to be consumers.
It's not that others aren't welcome. But we do our best to see that Black people are owning and managing and stewarding the land in their own community. Land is essential to any liberating process. Maintaining and owning the land should go in the hands of those most harmed by poor public policy.
A: Several fold. First, farming is a hard profession, regardless of color. The land doesn't operate on human time; it doesn't always respond to what we want to grow and when it should be grown, on the timeline we like. There's a humbling effect that tending the land creates.
The other challenge is that the existing system is oppressive in a way that people don't always have an understanding of what's really possible. The casting of the inner city as one of despair and hopelessness — the narrative being promoted around violence is another challenge. And working with the city's bureaucratic system is somewhat challenging, because it doesn't get at what's being requested. We're not blaming, but when something is a priority, it gets done, and we're not quite yet a priority.
A: That it's one of the catalysts for Black culture in the world. The concept of soul food was popularized here, and that needs to be celebrated. Chicago is also one of the first places in the country where Black vegans and a plant-based diet was popularized; nourishment from the ground is where we're all interconnected.
A: I don't know what you're talking about. Harold's all day.
Grow Greater Englewood, 6620 S. Union Ave., 312-585-7113, growgreater.org
— Phil Vettel
Tregg Duerson, COO of Rebuild Foundation
Tregg Duerson: "Rebuild's mission is to repurpose abandoned buildings and objects to bring dignity back to people's lives, and opportunities and spaces to Black communities." (Rebuild Foundation)
A resume that includes work on the football field and at a big bank might be a bit unusual among nonprofit workers. For Tregg Duerson, of the South Side nonprofit Rebuild Foundation, the experiences were instrumental in leading him to his current line of work.
Duerson actively campaigned for the passage of HB4341 in Illinois during recent years, an act that would have banned children under 12 from participating in organized tackle football. The bill was also known as the "Dave Duerson Act," named for Tregg's father, who was a star for the Bears in the 1980s and eventually was affected by chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The bill did not reach the floor of the legislature for a vote.
Duerson also explored running for office, although ultimately decided against it.
"In that experience, I had to knock on a lot of doors in areas throughout the South Side and got to understand a lot of the issues on a ground level. You see it all. You get invited into people's homes. You hear their stories about the difficulty of having multiple jobs and raising a family when you're a single parent, or of even having a job due to lack of local opportunities."
He also met Theaster Gates, founder of Rebuild, through his work at J.P. Morgan, and the more he learned about Gates' work, the more he was inspired. Those experiences and Duerson's resulting feelings eventually dovetailed enough to convince him to make a change.
Q: Why did you choose to open or join your organization/restaurant/business, and why is it important that it exists in South Side neighborhoods?
A: I was really moved by Theaster's mission with Rebuild. He asked me about a leadership role there, and I was eager at the thought of a more hands-on role. Rebuild's mission is to repurpose abandoned buildings and objects to bring dignity back to people's lives, and opportunities and spaces to Black communities. We believe that the same amenities from the North Side of the city should be offered on the South Side of the city as well, and that beauty and culture are basic community needs. Having a space that is beautiful gives a tremendous amount of pride to the local community, especially communities like Washington Park, which is surrounded by a high unemployment rate and a high degree of blight. If you could surround the community with those reinforcing items, people can potentially feel inspired and think better.
A: Just team capacity. The work is so ambitious, all of these different entities working together to provide community revitalization and a transformative mission. For instance, we found that the Currency Exchange cafe (one of Rebuild's most successful enterprises) was consuming the most amount of time for our team. We found a great partner in chef Cliff Rome, who shares values like providing quality food and experiences, and work opportunities on the South Side, and who wants to be in Washington Park. That is how Peach's at Currency Exchange came together. His knowledge helped us clean up operationally, which included rearranging how the equipment was set up. Our leader is an artist who naturally designs things with beauty and aesthetic first, rather than function. We were tying our hands together with the initial set-up. Chef Rome has years of experience with the functionality of those spaces.
A: There's a chip on our shoulders to prove that great food, service and experiences can rival and surpass the restaurants in the Loop and the North Side, and that there's a commitment to provide quality experiences that ensure the South Side residents' blocks and communities know that they are valued. That informs the origins of Rebuild too, that beauty, hospitality and dignity are a basic community service needs.
A: I'm a Harold's guy, typically on 35th or in the South Loop.
Rebuild Foundation, 6760 S. Stony Island Ave., 312-857-5561, rebuild-foundation.org
— Adam Lukach
Cheryl V. Jackson is a freelance writer.


text:
The Furry Fandom
Why the hate on bronies?
Thread starter skroge
brony furries kids mlp
Stray Cat Terry
테리 / 特里 / テリー
Rimna said:
What's that got to do with anything?
But maybe... he was talking about haters' hate against LGBTQ+ had influenced the hate more.
A catz haz 9 lifez! ..oh waitey, now Iz haz 8! ...No, itz 7!
Meow! >:3
Deleted member 111470
Stray Cat Terry said:
Nope, it was about "minorities" hating on each other and that also some bronies are lgbt.
Reactions: Stray Cat Terry
Baalf
Will accept free hugs and tummy rubs.
I have to be honest, I quite respect the Bob's Burgers episode that talked about Bronies. Rare to see an adult animation tackle a minority with a sense of respect. There are a little weird in the show, but portrayed as mostly harmless except for the antagonist of the episode, which might just be a representation of what everyone thinks of bronie is supposed to be.
I would hate to see a Family Guy episode tackling the subject.
I do NOT have Discord.
I do NOT have Skype.
I do NOT have Kik.
I do NOT have any account to ANY chat site.
...And I am NOT willing to make one to RP with people.
Reactions: ZeroVoidTime and Stray Cat Terry
Oh now I see...
Oh my.. but LGBTQ+ have nothing to do with hate on certain communities other than their own sexualities which are considered an issue by 'normal' public. And I don't find them bad or anything.
We shouldn't drag LGBTQ+ into a debate about haters...
Mambi
Fun loving kitty cat
Ruki-the-Zorua said:
I think the main hate on bronies is because they assume a grown man liking MLP for some odd reason. Hey, as an individual who supports whichever path you care to take, I don't mind if you are a brony, just......don't get cringy.
But what if it's NOT an "odd reason"? I can easily defend my reasons for liking the show as I would any other show. Would that make it cringy just because I'm not a little girl? <grin>
Reactions: Ruki-the-Zorua, Skittles and Stray Cat Terry
Queen of FaF. Empress of Fløøf, Best Monarch!
Hey. I like the show. It's pretty fun! Wouldn't say I am a brony. But TEAM RARITY YOU FLUFFS!!
<3 In memoriam. Frostheart. Gone, but never forgotten. <3
Probably the nicest Squirlf around~ Probably the only Squirlf around..
Mambi said:
Humanity is easily threatened by those which aren't even a threat. Then people simply gather together and 'defend' their own stuff by offending those who aren't in common with them, even if it means they have to defy the logics of respect. And it's very tragic that their targets are usually another of their kin, humans. Haters come from there, I believe.
And when one side starts a real threat in order not to feel 'threatened', the other side who are actually threatened start to 'defend'. This cycle is usually eternal until one side goes down. And I believe, ten-ninth of the conflicts in humanity is all this.
This is why I hate humanity...
skroge
I meet some some bronies and furries that are gay or transgender or bi
Faexie
Rara for short :)
I think most people don't really care nowadays. The hate ussed to be very strong, at first because the brony fandom was rejecting gender roles by liking a little girls' show, but later on they were disliked because they were EVERYWHERE and too many of them took it too seriously.
Now I think bronies are more or less normalized and seen as just a part of internet culture, and since the fandom calmed down they are far less annoying.
Men differing from gender norms is more normalized than it used to, too, so people are less shocked about it
Reactions: ZeroVoidTime, KD142000, Mambi and 1 other person
Herdingcats
I thought the show itself was fine. Maybe people weren't happy about seeing the NSFW (rule 34) of the ponies.
Herdingcats on Furaffinity (I do art!)
MaelstromEyre
Slippery When Wet
I don't hate them.
I'm not a fan of the animation style of the show, and I think some of the fans can be a bit creepy with their dedication to sexualizing the characters of a show meant for little kids, but that's their thing.
Still Waters Run Deep
My FA page: http://www.furaffinity.net/user/maelstromeyre/
TrishaCat
The Cat in the FAF
There are people that hate bronies?
I thought all the brony hate died down years ago along with the rest of the fandom.
quoting_mungo
redhusky said:
That's the oddest way I've ever heard them being described! I do know some SJW types VERY BRIEFLY tried to impose "pony pronouns" based on their ponysona's "race" and gender. Like pegasister, etc.
That's... not actually how "pegasister" is actually used by any FiM fans I've ever encountered. (And I was pretty active in the Tumblrpon circuit for several years, so my exposure is pretty wide.) The only way I've ever seen it used wasn't at all related to ponysona race, and only related to ponysona gender so far as most people having a sona the same gender they are. It's literally a matter of female fans not wanting to label themselves with a term that they feel is male gendered. It's like juggalo/juggalette are both in use for ICP fans.
I personally don't like either term and just call myself a MLP fan.
Crazy cat lady alert.
Reactions: Faexie and TrishaCat
soro
The incident where bronies sexualized a certain character despite being requested not to by the creators of MLP probably contributed to the hate. They even went out of their way to create more Rule34 out of spite.
Toby_Morpheus
Hello, Proto
Every fandom has its fragheads.
I've seen the old stuff and watched the first episode of the new stuff.
Not my thing.
Don't get mad at me for not wanting to see it or not believing you when you say "It gets so much better after the third season"
I don't care. Not my thing.
I'll continue watching Street Sharks, thanks.
The future is open source
IFC 2019 Hot Wing Eating Champion
Reactions: Baalf
TyraWadman
The Brutally Honest Man-Child
Don't forget the part where kids wouldn't actually get their desired toy because a group of older men bought it out right in front of them. It was hard enough dealing with the scalpers.
Then the rampant sexualization. People not realizing the darker themes of war until someone inserted a MLP into the pic and made it black and white.
Pretty sure someone actually married one of the Twilight Sparkle plushies.
Extremists. Extremists everywhere.
FREE Toyhouse Codes
Eli_the_Wolf23
I watch Road Rovers
Reactions: redhusky and Marius Merganser
Ruki-the-Zorua
Well....n-no....no, not at all! If it's a justified reason as to why people could enjoy the show, hence becoming bronies, or any reason at all that doesn't deal with the...err...'clopping' part, then it's all reasonable!
Reactions: Mambi
The reason is because the characters are intelligent and well written, and the things they DO in the show aren't fluff but often emotional journeys with major arcs, real stakes, and a great heart to the show. The world they created (Equestria) is fantastic...a well defined blend of magic and distinct races of creatures all living together in harmony. Usually they are up against serious nature threats like total destruction of their homes, the devastation of trying to save their friends, solving a magical problem, learning to work together, etc...no different than any other great show based around dynamic personality. They have all this emotional range with the comedy top notch...not just fluff jokes but real well thought out humour in all forms (cutsy, ironic, deadpan, it's all there!) On top of that each character shines in their own light...the drawing style allowing each to express themselves easily and leaping off the screen/page.
The drama, adventure, comedy, it's all there in well written scripts, performed by excellent voice actors. The characters interact off each other perfectly and the show builds a world that fills with joy, actual intelligence, real threats and challenges, and characters you can't help but to love...all well drawn with good music to boot. Can you say all the same about Family Guy? Simpsons? X-files? Bones? Friends?
The age and gender the show was made for is irrelevant if the effort and message is universal to everyone, and the threats and problems the characters face are ones that anyone could relate to regardless of age or gender. Therefore, I watched the show the first time with an open mind, I loved it right from the start, and can easily defend why because to me it's just obvious why it's no different than any other show I like. No shame in it at all, and I'm not creeping on anyone nor shoving it in anyone's face ever. I just simply like the show and the books...and sometimes that's all there is to it. <LOL> How's that? NO clopping required to justify, and that's why I like the show. <giggle>
Reactions: Ruki-the-Zorua
Kurushimii
Depressed Monster
But why is clopping such a horrible thing? So long as it's not posted anywhere where kids will see it, then it's none of our business, right? It's still a pretty dumb reason to hate an entire group of people over something a select few members of the community does in private. That's like me going out and saying that I hate all Trekkies just because two Trekkies argue over how many episodes there are in total.
Eli_the_Wolf23 said:
I dont hate bronies however I know a kid in school who is a bronie but hates furries but arent bronies and furries almost the same thing because what he said makes no sense.
Pretty much. The Mane Six are considered furry characters because they're anthropomorphic ponies, ponies being animals. Spike is a dragon which is a fantastical animal but still an animal nevertheless. He's still anthropomorphic.
I would definitely consider bronies to be a subcategory of furries, just as I would with Mobians.
Well, you see, as a person who has a sister who has a profound interest in the show, I can see what you are coming from. Now, the overall meaning of the show and how it is done, ex. the life lessons, the moral, the ideals that revolve around it all, etc), can all be a good meaning and teacher to those of the faint of heart. Now, I'm not saying the show is bad of anything, or that the people who enjoy it are 'cringy', I'm merely stating that those who take the appreciation of the fandom to the levels unbeknownst to most tend to trail off into a completely different world. Furthermore, I am alright with the show, not something I would generally watch myself, but it's meanings and teachings are understandable. And for that, the show is commendable. But I merely take into the accordance of the people who take said fandom, twist it in with their own ideals, and overall populate it with the unnecessary items that nobody really asked for. The show itself has good intentions, it's just the select few of people who make it awkward. Take this one....expedition for example, where you could see a common scenario between two people, one a normal person and the other a brony, as they watch the show. I'm not saying all bronies are weird, but the ones who do make it an oddball move with certain quotations like, "Twilight is my wife," or ," Having a crush on one of them taken to body pillow levels," is where it just grows slightly more questionable, ergo, the bronies can sometimes have some.....unpleasant reactions to certain scenes that tend to heighten the level of tension when watching it. There's nothing wrong with the show, and that I must stress, it's merely the select individuals who take it's idealism and spread it with their own twisted adulterated versions of what they have done to the original concept of the show. So, no hate to the show, or the good ones out there, it's just the ones that take it to a concerning level, in that regard. You kinda see it?
Kurushimii said:
Well, you see, clopping is not the thing that I hate. I don't mind those who do it, it's no taboo upon reality or anything. It's just when the publicity of it all makes it a bit unnerving to see. You see, for those who clop, I have nothing against it. If that is what they prefer, then they can go ahead with it. It was their choice to make, and therefore, they should be fine with said affliction. But for those who tend to make it weird, like attempts to make other people enjoy it as well when you have a designated interest set in the range of specifications, then it becomes.....a slight issue. Either that, or I'm just speaking because I seemed to have met all the wrong ones, the ones who took it to another level and thus embraced something far darker than I presumed. Nothing against those who do, I'm just saying those who make it abundantly clear that it is the main thing, or trying to force it upon others, then it gets...odd.
Ovi the Dragon said:
I think the brony hate thing is literally over 5 years old at this point. No one really cares anymore. I personally love the show.
I've seen people in 2020 who still hate bronies over the same stupid reasons. "They're adult men who watch a show meant for little girls". Didn't the creator of MLP:FiM say in a Deviant Art comment that she made the show for everyone, not just little girls?
Also, I don't get how the entire brony community consists of "adult men". Women watch it. Actual kids watch it, you know the very people they're saying the show is aimed towards? But then they'll nitpick that and say "no, young females only! Not adult females or little boys!"
Adult females are still females and little girls watch boy shows all the time so boys should be allowed to watch "girl" shows. I don't care if my future son decide to watch Winx Club, as long as he's not forcing his opinion down other kids' throats, it's fine by me.
The-Courier
the big glow
I've been around the brony community for nearly a decade (actively engaging in populous chatrooms, roleplaying, forums, etc). I can safely say that nearly all of the chatrooms I've been in have devolved into rapid toxicity and a dog-eat-dog mindset within just a few years after its inception.
I dislike bronies not because of what they are, but because of what they've become to be.
Ahahahhaha! I ASCEND!
Reactions: Balskarr and Ruki-the-Zorua


text:
Агриппин (умер в 233) — епископ Неаполя, святой (день памяти — 9 ноября).

Биография
Святой Агриппин, по преданию, был шестым епископом Неаполя. О нём мало что известно. Так, в Римском мартирологе имеется комментарий известного агиографа Ипполита Делеэ, касающийся епископства святого Агриппина: «Agrippinus procul dubio primis Neapolitanae ecclesiae episcopis annumerandus est; quibus annis sederit ignoratur».

Считается, что святой Агриппин был столь же почитаем, как и святой Януарий.

Фундамент  в Неаполе соединён с , крупнейшими христианским катакомбами в Южной Италии. Структура фундамента, возможно, располагается на объединении двух античных захоронений. В одном из них, которое относят ко II веку, находятся останки святого Агриппина, в другом, которое относят к IV веку — останки святого Януария.

В 1744 году кардинал Джузеппе Спинелли, архиепископ Неаполя, произвёл исследование останков святого Агриппина. Он обрёл мраморную вазу, на которое было написано: «Неизвестные мощи, предположительно бывшие телом святого Агриппина».

Мощи святого возложены под высоким алтарём собора в Неаполе вместе с мощами святых Евтихия и Прокла, бывших товарищами Януария.

Стефано Поцци создал полотно маслом «Святые Януарий и Агриппин, изгоняющие сарацинов».

Примечания

Ссылки
 Sant'Agrippino di Napoli Vescovo

Святые Кампании
Христианские святые III века
Епископы Неаполя
Епископы III века


One among one of the most widespread electrical wiring concerns is on how to wire a swap. Though using switches at your home is very easy, wiring just one might not be that effortless for everybody. An ON-OFF switch is actually quite simple to wire. You will discover different kinds of switches, but for this example, let us say you happen to be setting up a single-pole toggle switch, an exceedingly common change (and also the most basic).
You will find a few shades of wires inside of a usual single-pole toggle switch: black, white, and environmentally friendly. Splice the black wire in two and join them to the terminal screws - one on leading along with the other within the base screw from the switch. The white wire serves like a supply of uninterrupted energy which is usually connected to a gentle colored terminal screw (e.g., silver). Hook up the environmentally friendly wire to your ground screw of one's swap.
These actions would frequently be ample to help make a typical change work without a trouble. Nevertheless, if you will not be self-assured that you simply can accomplish the process thoroughly and safely you superior enable the professionals do it as an alternative. Just after all, you will find a purpose why this activity is amongst the commonest electrical wiring questions asked by most people.
For a few motive, ways to wire a ceiling fan is also one among one of the most widespread electrical wiring queries. To simplify this job, you need to use just one change for any single ceiling fan. To wire the admirer, it really is just a make any difference of connecting the black wire of the ceiling fan on the black wire in the change. When there is a light, the blue wire should be connected to your black wire with the change as well.
There are actually motives why these are generally essentially the most usually asked electrical wiring inquiries. 1, many believe it truly is uncomplicated to complete, and two, these are definitely the prevalent electrical duties at home. But you then should not place your security in danger within your goal to save money. The stakes could even be a lot increased should you seek to spend less and do an electrical wiring work without the need of enough know-how or expertise.


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Hanoi Secretary congratulates Vietnam Journalists Association and Ministry of Information and Communications (09:03 21/06/2019)
HNP - Politburo member Hoang Trung Hai, Secretary of the Hanoi Party Committee on June 19 visited and extended his congratulations to the Vietnam Journalists Association, and the Ministry of Information and Communication on the occasion of the 94th anniversary of Vietnam Revolutionary Press Day (June 21, 1925-2019).
Secretary of the Hanoi Party Committee Hoang Trung Hai congratulates the Vietnam Journalists Association.
The delegation included Head of the Municipal Party Committee's Commission for Education and Communication Nguyen Van Phong.
Visiting the Vietnam Journalists Association, on behalf of the city leaders, Secretary of the Hanoi Party Committee Hoang Trung Hai conveyed his congratulations to the association's leaders and members, and journalists in press agencies throughout the county.
He thanked for the association's cooperation and companion with the city in disseminating guidelines and policies of the Party and State as well as the outcomes of the city's socio-economic development, thus creating the consensus among the society.
The Secretary hoped that, in the coming time, the Vietnam Journalists Association will continue tightening the cooperation with Hanoi in disseminating the outcomes in all fields while always siding with the city's developing process, deserving people's trust.
For his part, Permanent Vice Chairman of the Vietnam Journalists Association Ho Quang Loi expressed his sincere thanks to the city leader for his attention.
He wished the city authorities to continue supporting journalists in fulfilling their tasks in the area.
He also committed to working with Hanoi to strengthen the communication on a green, clean and beautiful capital, a city for peace.
• Later, Secretary Hoang Trung Hai visited and congratulated the Ministry of Information and Communications. He lauded the ministry's contribution to Hanoi's development while hoping that the city will continue receiving the ministry's support in fulfilling its political missions.
Secretary of the Hanoi Party Committee Hoang Trung Hai visits and congratulates the Ministry of Information and Communications.
Expressing his sincere thanks to the city leader for his attention, member of the Party Central Committee, Minister of Information and Communications Nguyen Manh Hung affirmed that the ministry will keep standing side by side Hanoi in the information and communication work.
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