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9th Jan 2020 10th Jan 2020 CFCBrian_ Opinion
Why Nathan Aké Is One Of The Most Underrated Central-Defenders Out There
In this article I will be comparing Nathan Aké with some of the best center-backs in world football and then see how he compares to our current options at the back.
There will be a lot of statistics used to compare the players as that is the most accurate way to do so. I am aware that most people are under the impression that statistics can not be accurately used to compare one player to another and I agree to an extent. However, there are ways to use stats so it's possible to see which players are more superior in comparison to others, on paper at least. There are obviously things that stats won't tell you such as mentality, leadership, composure, ability to organize a back-line, etc. As important as it is to possess those abilities, they mean nothing if you don't also have the stats proving you are a good player.
There are obviously certain stats that are influenced by team Player X plays for, league, system, playing style, etc. Such as blocks, clearances, goals, assists and so on. I will not be using these stats as they don't tell you very much.
I have developed an "algorithm", if you will, using stats that are not heavily influenced if at all by the circumstances I mentioned above.
I will use 11 different statistics and I will compare every single player in every aspect and make a list from top to bottom where the best will be number 1 and the worst number 6. I will be using the combined stats from the last 2 seasons for every player.
Before we start I will tell you what every stat I use determines.
– All the passing stats helps me determine the level of technical ability and to a degree the level of composure a player posseses.
– Interceptions tell me how good a player is at reading the game and how aggressive they are when playing.
– A lack of tackles shows me the positional ability of a player. As Paolo Maldini once so famously spoke, 'If you have to make a tackle, you have already made a mistake' and it's not without reason that the absolute best center-backs in the world don't make many tackles per game. Therefore, the fewer tackles you make, the better.
– The dribbled past stat tells me how good a player is in 1v1 situations.
– Ground duels won tells me how physically imposing a player is on the ground and how much he maximizes/minimizes his strength.
– Aerial duels tells me how dominating a player is in the air.
– Errors made tells me how prone a player is to errors. It shouldn't come as a shock to anyone that some players are quite a lot more error-prone than others.
– Fouls made and bookings combine to tell me how disciplined the player is and can also tell you something about positional ability and decision-making. The fewer fouls you commit/bookings you pick up, the better, obviously. Let's get started.
Accurate passes p/g(per game)
Aymeric Laporte: 92%
Sergio Ramos: 91.5%
Matthijs de Ligt: 89.5%
Virgil van Dijk: 89%
Kalidou Koulibaly: 89%
Nathan Aké: 88%
Accurate passes in opposition half
Sergio Ramos: 87%
Kalidou Koulibaly: 83.5%
Nathan Aké: 76.5%
Accurate long-balls
Sergio Ramos: 1.4
Aymeric Laporte: 1.2
Nathan Aké: 1.1
Virgil van Dijk: 1.1
Kalidou Koulibaly: 1.1
Matthijs de Ligt: 1
Matthijs de Ligt: 1.1
Dribbled past
Ground duels won (%)
Virgil van Dijk: 76.7%
Aymeric Laporte: 57.3%
Matthijs de Ligt: 56%
Errors (penalties included, last 5 seasons)
* = Players who hasn't played professionally for 5 seasons yet.
Nathan Aké: 3 (Every 43 games)
Aymeric Laporte: 8 (Every 15 games)
Virgil van Dijk: 9 ( Every 15 games)
Kalidou Koulibaly: 13 (Every 13 games)
Sergio Ramos: 15 (Every 8 games)
Matthijs de Ligt*: 14 (Every 6 games)
Fouls p/g
Bookings picked up last 5 seasons
* = Players who hasn't played professionally for 5 years yet.
Virgil van Dijk: Yellow 8 – Red 1
Matthijs de Ligt* Yellow 11 – Red 0
Nathan Aké: Yellow 14 – Red 1
Aymeric Laporte: Yellow 27 – Red 1
Kalidou Koulibaly: Yellow 34 – Red 3
Sergio Ramos: Yellow 32 – Red 6
When deciding average position I will exclude passing stats as every player here apart from Aké is playing for a ball-dominant team so it's only natural that he would finish last playing for Bournemouth. However, his passing stats are very good all things considered.
Average position:
Nathan Aké: 2.75
Virgil van Dijk: 1.37
Kalidou Koulibaly: 4.75
Sergio Ramos: 4.25
So looking at stats, which is also the only place you will find facts in football, my algorithm shows that this is the final list on pure defensive ability, as passing stats didn't make the cut for the average position.
1) Virgil van Dijk
2) Nathan Aké
3) Aymeric Laporte
4) Matthijs de Ligt
5) Sergio Ramos
6) Kalidou Koulibaly
An impressive finishing position for Nathan Aké who statistically matches up and then some with the absolute creme de la creme of center-backs in world football.
Some things that really stands out with Aké is the small amount of errors he makes, how few times he's booked, 1v1 defending, how few fouls he concedes and how dominant he is on the ground for his size. A great example of a smart player who knows how to get the best out of what he's got. It's only natural to assume that his passing stats would rise to the levels of the others if he joined us, a more ball-dominant team, as well. His passing stats for Bournemouth are superior to Laporte's passing stats for Bilbao bar long-balls. However, it's hard to deny that he has some struggles imposing himself in the air. That being said, I would say that is his only clear weakness.
Nathan Ake. Credit: Sky Sports
To take a deep-dive into the other players here you can easily tell that some players have very clear strengths and very clear weaknesses.
Out of these 6 players, there is only one that I dare say don't have any weaknesses at all and that is Virgil van Dijk. He is an absolute rock and even more so when you see how capable he is of leading and organizing. How fast he is. You can easily understand why many think he is the best center-back of all time and he very well maybe.
Kalidou Koulibaly is a player who is very well-liked amongst Chelsea-fans and many suggest we should go for him as he is the only "world-class" player we can get but is he really world-class? For me, he is the very physically gifted player that never learned how to be wise and kept playing on his physical strengths. His positioning is horrible for a player his age, with his experience, having played in Italy for so long. Highlighted by his huge amount of tackles, fouls made and bookings. His 1v1 ability is poor and he isn't physically imposing neither on the ground nor in the air. You could almost wonder if the people who want him here has even seen him play any more than a few Champions League games?
Kalidou Koulibaly. Credit: Daily Express
Sergio Ramos is another really interesting player to look at. He has been viewed by many as arguably the greatest center-back of the last decade and it's not difficult to see why. His influence has been monumental for Real Madrid scoring important goals, making crucial tackles, winning international trophies with Spain, etc. You can not deny the greatness that is Sergio Ramos. However, it's also easy to see that he was once an attacking full-back made center-back. He is by no means a bad DEFENDER, but he is not a world-class one either. He is fabulous on the ball, his interceptions tell us he is an offensively minded and aggressive player and he loves scoring crucial goals. However, his defensive stats are rather questionable. He's making too many tackles, he's not particularly strong in 1v1 situations, he's not physically imposing, he's error-prone and his discipline record is probably the worst one out there. He's averaging more than 1 red card and 7 yellow cards per season which is way too much for a center-back. He is world-class because of what he offers in the technical department, mentality-wise, leadership-wise and by being a clutch player that has rose to the occasion time and time again for his club. Defensively, however, he's rather suspect.
Aymeric Laporte is another very solid player but his passing stats are rather influenced by his current club, Manchester City. However, there is no denying his class. Top player but difficult to realize just how good he is as he only played 9 games in his first season with City and only 4 games so far this season because of injuries.
Matthijs de Ligt is without a doubt the biggest center-back talent out there. His positional ability and talent for leadership are unmatched for a player his age. However, he is extremely error-prone which is to be expected from a player his age. He will definitely be one of the best in the future if he isn't already.
Now, back to Aké. Since a lot of people are suggesting he's not better than what we've already got, let's compare him to them.
Andreas Christensen: 92.5%
Antonio Rüdiger: 87.5%
Kurt Zouma: 85.5%
Fikayo Tomori: 85%
Antonio Rüdiger: 79%
Kurt Zouma: 74%
Fikayo Tomori: 72.5%
Kurt Zouma: 1.8
Fikayo Tomori: 1.6
Andreas Christensen: 1
Antonio Rüdiger: 0.8
Kurt Zouma: 1
Andreas Christensen: 1.6
Ground duels won %
Andreas Christensen: 65%
Aerial duels won %
Errors last 5 seasons
Antonio Rüdiger: 8 (Every 15 games)
Fikayo Tomori: 6 (Every 15 games)
Andreas Christensen: 8 (Every 13 games)
Kurt Zouma: 9 (Every 13 games)
Antonio Rüdiger: 1
Andreas Christensen: Yellow 5 Red 0
Kurt Zouma: Yellow 7 – Red 1
Fikayo Tomori: Yellow 12 Red 0
Antonio Rüdiger: Yellow 24 – Red 1
Again I won't count passing stats in the final judgment as Chelsea dominates possession far more than Bournemouth which makes it even more impressive that Aké is doing as well as he is. He would easily be our best player on the ball. I will also not count bookings this time as Tomori and Christensen have played far fewer games than the other players so that stat would be unfulfilling.
Nathan Aké: 2
Final position:
2) Kurt Zouma
3) Fikayo Tomori
4) Antonio Rüdiger
5) Andreas Christensen
So on pure defensive ability, Aké is statistically the best player and I dare say it's almost guaranteed that he would be our best player on the ball as well if he was to play for us.
Nathan Ake – England's best defender – The Hourly Football. Enoch.
In addition to this, he would also be our only center-back who is more comfortable on the left than he is on the right. He isn't afraid of opening his mouth when it's needed and he would be our most composed center-back next to Christensen. On top of that, he's adding goals to our game on set-pieces. Aké has scored 8 league goals in the last 3 seasons, which is the same as Rüdiger, Christensen, Zouma, and Tomori combined.
To further prove what an influence he can have on a team defensively, Bournemouth conceded 1.3 goals p/g with him before he was injured. After that, they have conceded 1.8 goals p/g, a difference of 0.5, which would total 19 goals over 38 games. We once went an entire season conceding only 15. On top of that, their goal difference has fallen from -3 to -12 in just 5 matches. That is a similar influence to what Virgil van Dijk had at Southampton. In the 15/16 season, his only "full" season with them, they conceded 1.1 goals p/g. After he joined Liverpool they conceded 1.7 goals p/g, a difference of 0.6. In contrast, Leicester conceded 1.3 goals p/g with Maguire and has improved by only conceding 0.9 goals p/g without him. That's pretty telling if you ask me.
There is a reason he is the only name on our books for the center-back position. There is a reason that every top 6 team bar Liverpool is interested in him. There is a reason Leicester wanted him to replace Maguire before even looking at Söyüncü and there is a reason Bournemouth wanted over £70m for him. He is a world-class player and a big move is all it's going to take to make people realize that en masse.
#WeAcheForAké
Tagged Ake, Chelsea, Featured, Transfers
One thought on "Why Nathan Aké Is One Of The Most Underrated Central-Defenders Out There"
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A Conversation with Simon Phillips.
Can Chelsea find a defensive partnership as good as Terry/Carvalho in Frank Lampard's reign as manager


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Presidential races
Clinton's statements on family history conflict with public records
by Elliot Smilowitz - 04/15/15 10:54 PM ET
645X363 – No Companion – Full Sharing – Additional videos are suggested – Policy/Regulation/Blogs
Hillary Clinton's statements that all her grandparents immigrated to the U.S. are in conflict with public records, a report says.
According to Buzzfeed, Clinton spoke in Norwalk, Iowa, on Wednesday about her family's arrival in the country. "All my grandparents, you know, came over here," she said.
{mosads}Only her paternal grandfather, Hugh Rodham Sr., immigrated to the United States, according to Buzzfeed. Her paternal grandmother, Hanna Jones Rodham, was born in Pennsylvania, records show.
Clinton's maternal grandparents, Della Howell and Edwin Howell, were both born in Illinois, according to records.
Clinton gave similar comments in a speech in Louisville, Ky., last April, saying her paternal grandmother "immigrated with her family as a young girl to Scranton and went to work — very young ― in a silk mill."
Buzzfeed reported that a Clinton spokesman said in response, "Her grandparents always spoke about the immigrant experience and, as a result she has always thought of them as immigrants."
The spokesman went on to say, "As has been correctly pointed out, while her grandfather was an immigrant, it appears that Hillary's grandmother was born shortly after her parents and siblings arrived in the U.S. in the early 1880s."
Tags Hillary Clinton

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Each molding is individually wrapped and includes a complete set of screws for mounting. Each molding is produced to fit the wheel opening exactly! If you have one molding that needs replacement, you can now purchase it separately. Simply choose which molding you need. Important: The wheel opening molding screws are separately wrapped and inserted into the wheel opening molding package. Note: For use on standard Firebird models. Not for use on Trans Am models.


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Projects looking for teachers
OIKOSKEPSI / ΟΙΚΟΣΚΕΨΗ, Systems Thinking and Decision Making Skills for Elementary Students
The programme OIKOSKEPSI was funded by the Research Promotion Foundation and concerned the development of the systems thinking skills and decision making skills of 11-13 year-old students in the frame of a scenario regarding ecological disturbance.
ODYSSEUS II, Youth for Space Challenge
Ιnspire young people from all over Europe and engage them in space exploration.
Natural and exact sciences and technology – our conscious choice II
The aim of the "Natural and exact sciences and technology – our conscious choice II" project was to arouse, maintain and systematically develop interest in natural and exact sciences and technology through extracurricular education in the field of science.
Nevšední matematika všedního dne (Extraordinary maths for an ordinary day)
The aim of the project was to create on-line textbook and workbook for lower secondary students. The emphasis is put on practical use of maths in daily life.
Natural Sciences, Technology and Society
The project presents two topics: "Smells – Only in Cosmetics?" and "Is handmade soap viable in today's world?""Smells – Only in Cosmetics?" helps to understand the role of smells around us. "Is handmade soap viable in today's world?" focuses on different detergents (soaps in particular) and their cleaning effect.
National Strategies
In 2002 the UK Government launched the Key Stage Three National Strategy for science – a school support programme involving locally employed consultants to work with science teachers and departments to raise standards in Key Stage Three science across England (students aged 11-14).
Nanokoulu - Nanoschool
Nanoscience supports and challenges teachers in planning their STEM lessons, as interdisciplinary content has been scattered across curricula in Finland.
NanoEduca
Nanotechnology in the secondary classroom.
Mediatheque of the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings
With unique content dating back to 1952, the Lindau Mediatheque contains more than 500 science lectures given by Nobel Laureates, educative films, interactive research labs, scientific texts, abstracts, profiles, image galleries, representing 66 years of Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings.
MatikkaPysäkki
Matikkapysäkki - Maths Club is an informal weekly meeting for children from 5 to 15 years old. Children play board games, solve puzzles and do mathematical problems with class teacher and mathematics teacher students and optionally with their parents. Children have also an opportunity to receive guidance for their homework.
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Recycling, urban mining, waste management, lifecycle analysis, cradle to cradle. All these words are keywords where the world with its current consumption will be confronted with in the near future.
Metal prices have increased in the last decade. With the current extraction debate, reuse thinking becomes more and more valuable.
Recycling is of course the re-use of already used products and substances. Old substances are refined to a new product. Urban Mining is a part of this, it concerns the recycling of electronic waste, buildings and even daily products which are massively available in modern day cities. Urban areas can be perceived as the 'mines of the future' and do have a huge potential of metals to be recycled. Laptops, mobile phones, PCs, cars, and batteries all contain precious metals like copper, gold silver, bronze etc.
In Europe, Belgian industry is a frontrunner in the field of waste management and recycling. But still a lot of problems need to be resolved. For example, what happens with your old mobile phone when you deliver it to a phone shop? Is it recycled to reuse its resources? Or is it shipped to Asia or Africa so marginalized communities can manually tear the products down in their search for metals, with no protection from the possibly grave impacts to their health?
Life-cycle analysis or Life Cycle assessment (LCA); is a technique to calculate the ecological impact of products, from the 'birth' of a product until its 'death'. Hence, the term Cradle to Grave analysis. The stages are: extraction of the raw material, material processing, production, distribution, use, repair, maintenance, recycling or dumping. This method offers an elaborate analysis of the ecological impact of a product. Emissions, chemical use, used materials, ecological impacts are all calculated. Results can be interpreted and used as an argument to make profound decisions for improving sustainable ways of use and production.
The Cradle to Cradle (C2C) way of thinking, connects to the LCA. The concept reasons that products which are assembled in a sustainable way, can be reused or recycled after their lifecycle, without any loss. An infinite cycle of products can be created without waste creation. Cradle to cradle stems from the triangle Ecology, Economy, Equity.
A lot of organizations have adopted the three P's (People, Planet, Profit) as guidelines for socially responsible entrepreneurship.
At the moment there is not enough clarity on the existence of waterproof control systems concerning recycling. It is impossible to get assurance from a jeweler that a jewel has been 100% recycled. Without certificates or extern audits, it is hardly possible to know, as jewelers themselves are often not sure about the gold they buy.
Green and recycling are hip terms, not more than often they are misinterpreted and misused by companies, who are guilty of green washing.
Gold remains an interesting product to recycle. It is possible to recycle the metal to 99.9% purity; higher than most other products. The refining of gold is an ancient practice and probably one of the oldest forms of recycling. The way it should be, it is for example possible to extract the gold from 200 mobile phones and make a gold ring out of it. The gold from one mobile phone is responsible for 150 kilograms of toxic mine waste. Calculate how many mobile phones you threw away?


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Bill C-65 – Amendments to the Canada Labour Code dealing with sexual harassment and violence
February 22, 2018 Occasional Contributors	Employee Relations, Health and Safety, HR Policies and Procedures, Human Resources, Human Rights, Privacy and Security
In the wake of allegations of sexual misconduct, debate is slated to begin on the federal government's Bill C-65, which, if passed, would toughen protections against workplace harassment and violence, including sexual harassment and violence, in federally-regulated workplaces.
Bill C-65, tabled in November 2017, would amend the Canada Labour Code (the "Code") to overhaul and bolster the obligations on employers to prevent, investigate, and take action on occupational health and safety incidents. Bill C-65 would also ensure the application of those same provisions to parliamentary and political staff, governed by the Parliamentary Employment and Staff Relations Act ("PESRA").
On January 29, 2018, Bill C-65 passed second reading and was referred to the Standing Committee on Human Resources, Skills and Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities for further consideration.
Key proposed changes to the Canada Labour Code
Purpose expanded
If passed, Bill C-65 would expand a number of provisions in Part II of the Code, Occupational Health and Safety. Among other changes, Bill C-65 would expand that Part's purpose to cover not only accidents, physical illnesses and injuries, but also psychological illnesses and injuries. Former sections of the Code relating to sexual harassment specifically would be repealed, with those protections folded into the general provisions addressing workplace violence and harassment.
Employer duties expanded
The duties of employers will also expand if Bill C-65 passes. Employers are currently required to investigate, record, and report all "accidents, occupational diseases and other hazardous occurrences" known to them. With Bill C-65, employers would be required to investigate, record, and report all "accidents, occurrences of harassment or violence, occupational illnesses and other hazardous occurrences known to the employer."
Current obligations on employers to take steps to prevent and protect against workplace violence would also be expanded to require employers to take similar steps to prevent and protect against both violence and harassment, and to "respond to occurrences of harassment and violence in the work place and offer support to employees affected by harassment and violence in the work place."
Investigation by Minister
Complaints of workplace violence or harassment not resolved between the employer and employee would be referred directly to the Minister for investigation. The Minister would then be required to investigate such complaint, unless of the opinion that the complaint has been adequately dealt with, or the matter is trivial, frivolous, or vexatious.
The Minister would have the authority to combine an investigation into a complaint relating to an occurrence of harassment or violence with an ongoing investigation relating to the same employer and involving substantially the same issue, and to issue a single decision arising from the combined investigation.
Protection of employee privacy
Bill C-65 would expand privacy protections for employees subjected to workplace violence or harassment, by prohibiting any policy committee, workplace committee, or health and safety representative to participate in an investigation related to an occurrence of harassment or violence, except for investigations regarding work refusals. Both the Minister and the employer would be barred from providing any information likely to reveal the identity of a person involved in an occurrence of harassment or violence in the workplace without that person's consent.
Key proposed changes to the Parliamentary Employment and Staff Relations Act
Presently, no legislative occupational health and safety standards apply to employees of the House of Commons, the Senate, the Library of Parliament, the Parliamentary Protective Service, or the Parliamentary Budget Officer. Bill C-65 would expressly provide for the application of the majority of the Code's Occupational Health and Safety provisions to those employees and individuals who are not employees but are performing activities, the primary purpose of which is to enable the person to acquire knowledge and experience.
In our view
Federally-regulated employers, including those covered by the PESRA, should consider whether Bill C-65's proposed changes require an examination or revision of current policies and practices on workplace violence or harassment. Although Bill C-65 is at the Committee stage, and could be subject to further amendment, employers can expect that their obligations in these areas will be expanded. We will keep Focus readers informed of any future developments.
By Steven P. Williams and Larissa Volinets-Schieven, Emond Harnden LLP
Original title of article: Bill C-65 – Amendments to the Canada Labour Code dealing with harassment and violence and to the Parliamentary Employment and Staff Relations Act dealing with occupational health and safety
Occasional Contributors
In addition to our regular guest bloggers, First Reference Talks blog published by First Reference, provides occasional guest post opportunities from various subject matter experts on the topics of payroll, employment and labour law, payroll, HR analytics, corporate immigration, accessibility related issues in Canada. If you are a subject matter expert and would like to become an occasional blogger, please contact Yosie Saint-Cyr at editor@firstreference.com. If you liked this post, subscribe to First Reference Talks blog to get regular updates.
Latest posts by Occasional Contributors (see all)
Canadian government introduces tax legislation applying to employee stock options granted on or after January 1, 2020 - June 26, 2019
BC's 14 protected grounds of discrimination - June 14, 2019
Supreme Court to hear arguments about enforceability of arbitration clauses - June 3, 2019
allegations of sexual misconduct, Bill C65, Canada labour Code, employment law, Federally regulated workplaces, occupational health and safety incidents, policies and practices on workplace violence or harassment, sexual harassment and violence, workplace violence or harassment
Projet de loi C-65 – Modifications au Code canadien du travail portant sur le harcèlement et la violence sexuels 26 is the new 24 (Reasonable Notice)


Amazing work. I needed a formal jacket customised for a special event, and didn't know anyone who did women's wear. Saudre made a sharp Green formal jacket for me at short notice. Thank you and I strongly recommend them for fabrics and sharp smart formal wear!


RMMRU has started working on the Fairer Labour Migration (FLM) project supported by British Council to establish good governance in the migration sector in Bangladesh. Under the project, RMMRU will take a series of initiatives at the grassroots level to ensure application of the Migration Act 2013, conduct researches and will take different activities to make a strong grievance management system at field level.
1. Establishing fair recruitment system in the field of labour migration from Bangladesh.
2. Ensuring the protection of the migrants and their family members.
3. Assisting the local government institutions in Bangladesh in order to enhance their skills and helping them to establishing the overall rule of law.
The Research Program Consortium (RPC) is a collective of international research organizations spearheaded by the University of Sussex. Migrating Out of Poverty is a program lead by the RPC that is dedicated to providing research evidence that contributes to improved policies surrounding the well being of poor migrants, their communities and countries. As a member of the RPC, RMMRU, hopes to engage in innovative research, capacity building and communications activities ensuring an equal amount of impact and global reach through international academic collaboration. You can read more about this exciting program here!


MINSK, 7 April (BelTA) – Amendments and additions have been made to the Belarusian visa rules through Council of Ministers' resolution of Ministers' resolution No. 253 of 6 April 2017, BelTA reports with reference to the website of the Belarusian government.
The amendments and additions are designed to improve the legal framework of the operation of diplomatic missions. They allow for unambiguous interpretation of the existing preference for issuing short-term visas without additional supporting documentation to citizens of countries favorable in terms of migration.
The resolution simplifies the procedure for issuing entrance visas to nationals of countries favorable in terms of migration at Minsk National Airport (the powers of the Chief Consular Directorate of the Belarusian Ministry of Foreign Affairs have been expanded). Specifically, the head of the Chief Consular Directorate, the head of the Foreign Admissions Division of the Consular Directorate and their deputies can make decisions to apply preferences when considering visa applications from citizens of countries favorable in terms of migration.
This means that the applicants may be allowed to provide copies of some application documents requested in the visa rules by fax or other means of communication. The requirement to provide supporting documentation may be waived for those applying for a short-term visa for a visit of up to 30 days for the purpose of business, sports or cultural events, or private affairs. Short-term tourist visas may be granted based on a confirmed accommodation booking submitted by fax or other means of communication for the period indicated in the booking document, but for no more than ten days.
The resolution also establishes procedure for the issuance of a two-time exit/entry visa. Such visas were not issued before.
The resolution comes into force after its official publication.


"Suffering is what brings us toward happiness."
" If you ever forget you are a Jew a goy will remind you. "
" Life is a tragedy full of joy. "
" One can't make pure clay of time's mud. There is no life that can be recaptured wholly; as... "
" I don't think you can do anything for anyone without giving up something of your own. "
" Without heroes, we're all plain people, and don't know how far we can go. "
" There comes a time in a man's life when to get where he has to – if there are no doors or... "


Generally, we will be able to see your patients within one week of receiving a call to schedule an appointment. There are instances when the patient's and our schedule allow for same day scheduling. Make sure to reinforce with your patient that the earlier they contact our office, the sooner we can work to meet their scheduling needs.


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27 - Fishing
Jun 10, 2021 8 min read
Baiju's movement towards Xiao Yao was too abrupt, causing the children who had surrounded him to exclaim in surprise.
Xiao Yao knew that the old dog deliberately wanted to play with him, but he couldn't bear the closeness of this guy all over his body. He could only rub his white fur perfunctorily and divert his attention, "Get up, get up, I'll play with you next time... Those kids are all complimenting you for your greatness, what are you doing on me."
Baiju folded his ears and listened to the group of children cheering, "Big Bai is so amazing," and he lowered his head amusedly to catch Xiao Yao's ear, "Ah that...why do you call me Big Bai?"
Xiao Yao's ears were touched by the cool tips of his teeth and his whole body stiffened, his mind instantly exploding into a mushroom cloud.
This... old dog... actually, bit his ear? ? ?
Opening his mouth, Xiao Yao found he couldn't breath, and his whole body burned.
Baiju didn't wait for his answer, he pulled his neck back slightly and saw Xiao Yao's cheeks were flushed and his glasses were skewed. There also seemed to be some water vapor in his translucent eyes.
The old white dog immediately reflected on his overly enthusiastic actions, and quickly raised his paw to touch Xiao Yao's glasses, and called him back, "Sorry, I'll pay more attention next time."
Xiao Yao raised his hand and touched the corner of his eye. Did he think that the only thing he needed to pay attention to was his glasses...
If a day came when this dog's human form ever leapt on him, Xiao Yao felt that he wouldn't be able to bear the impact of this beauty.
Following the movement of the young human, Baiju stepped back a little bit, and moved a little bit to allow Xiao Yao to stand up. He was then immediately surrounded by the children who were chasing him.
"Big Bai, you are so amazing!" Pulling his paw.
"Big Bai, can you jump again..." Petting his back.
"Big Bai, let's jump again..." Hugging his neck.
One, two, three, Baiju's body was covered with small beans in the blink of an eye.
Baiju was a little dazed for a while, looked up at Xiao Yao and blinked.
He really didn't realise that not only were these little children not afraid of him, but they also chased after him... Obviously, smelling the scent of these kids from his nose, he wasn't afraid of turning around and taking one of them out with a paw.
Xiao Yao looked at the blank eyes of the old white dog, curled the corners of his mouth, and teased, "Are you going to jump again, Big Bai?"
Baiju slightly raised his head to avoid the little arms that were grasping at him and heard words from Xiao Yao's mind, "Bai'ge, in the eyes of these children, dogs are their best friends and can never hurt them."
Baiju was taken aback for a moment, seeing the Chenxi staff guiding the therapy dogs move up from the corner of his eye, his heart was faintly stirred.
There was no trust and tolerance for no reason. These children weren't afraid of him, not only because of him, but also because of the efforts of the staff and the therapy dogs.
With his head down, Baiju grabbed the collar of the child in front of him and pulled them away, while speaking to Xiao Yao, "Yao Yao...you stand back and wait for me."
Xiao Yao's eyes were warm, and he leaned down and touched Baiju's head.
In order to make the children happy, this old dog really had no limits——except that the children couldn't touch the top of his head.
Seeing Baiju and Xiao Yao's actions, several children realised that "Big Bai" was going to jump again, and quickly spread out consciously to make room for him.
Xiao Yao trotted to a hundred metres away and opened his hands towards Baiju, "Big Bai, come!"
Baiju leaned forward slightly, and then rushed forward quietly, like a ghost white dog. When he dashed on his four paws, it didn't have the same impact as ordinary dogs, his torso stretched with the movement of running, and every time he touched the ground he got faster and faster!
It was this weightless momentum that made the onlooking children and Chenxi staff gasp. When Baiju jumped from four or five metres away from Xiao Yao, they even held their breath——
As Baiju jumped directly over Xiao Yao's head!
Xiao Yao raised his head in surprise and saw the soft fur on Baiju's belly rushing over his head. He couldn't help but feel a sense of pride in his heart. He felt that Baiju's style was worthy of crazy praise.
In fact, it was a basic skill for a trained police dog to climb over obstacles of more than two metres tall, but this action performed by Baiju, who looked extremely gentle and harmless, made people feel that he looked handsome and particularly powerful.
Xiao Yao returned to his senses and couldn't help laughing. He knelt down to greet Baiju, "Big Bai, why are you so good?"
Baiju landed a few metres away from Xiao Yao. Seeing Xiao Yao squatting down, he trotted back without hesitation and put his head on the person's shoulder to accept his "victory hug". Hearing his teasing, Baiju didn't feel annoyed. Instead, his voice sounded in his mind with a smile, "Yao Yao, did you like it?"
Xiao Yao hugged the dog's neck fiercely, thinking that he would love him even if he slammed into him and made him eat shit; however, his mouth was very reserved, and he gave an objective evaluation, "It's too normal, you can't fool me. "
Baiju chuckled, and seemed to be fully tolerant of Xiao Yao's little evil, "Yes, this won't fool you; when we get the chance, we can go out and I can carry you across the widest canyon in the world."
Xiao Yao took his time, rubbing the back of Baiju's neck with some emotion, thinking, this dog is obviously a loveless old antique, how can he speak words of romance that were impossible to bear.
Burying the tip of his nose into Baiju's fur, he took a breath, patted Baiju, then released him and stood up. The children and staff who had been watching from afar raced over.
Baiju didn't say anything else to Xiao Yao, and was caught by the children and the staff to play around. In the end, he carried two children and jumped over the high seesaw.
When Qu Lang hurried to the orphanage, he saw Xiao Yao sitting on the lawn under the tree, with a fluffy white dog leaning against him, and holding a fairy tale book for the child in his arms to read the story.
In the afternoon, the children had all played for more than two hours, and they were now tired of playing. They were sitting or lying down on the lawn, surrounding Xiao Yao and Baiju, and listening to the story very attentively.
Xiao Yao's cold dry voice seemed to be warmer than usual, and was carried on the warm wind into Qu Lang's ears, causing him to slowly stop.
It had been a long time since Qu Lang saw Xiao Yao look so relaxed...
With a slight movement of his eyes, Qu Lang looked at the big white dog leaning behind Xiao Yao. He had a feeling that the key to it was the demon king Baiju.
Baiju was still very keen, and he noticed Qu Lang's gaze from a distance. When he lifted his eyelids slightly, he met Qu Lang's gaze accurately.
"You're here?" Baiju's voice reached Qu Lang's mind, and he was shocked out of his daze.
Qu Lang glanced at Baiju and Xiao Yao once more, and while nodding to Baiju, he secretly wondered what kind of changes had happened to Xiao Yao due to Baiju's existence.
Baiju didn't let Qu Lang observe for a long time. He turned his head and nudged Xiao Yao, who was leaning on his body, and said, "Yao Yao, Qu Lang is here."
Xiao Yao's voice paused, then turned a page of the book, and looked up in Qu Lang's direction, nodding slightly to signal Qu Lang to wait a while. Xiao Yao finished reading the fairy tale then returned the book to a monk.
Baiju stood up, following Xiao Yao's movements, and said goodbye to the children one by one with Xiao Yao. he no longer knew how many times he was hung onto by the little beans.
Qu Lang raised his eyebrows slightly as he watched them not far away, a little worried.
Seeing Xiao Yao was alive and well, Qu Lang was happy for him, but couldn't help worrying about other things. He didn't know what magic the Demon King Baiju had used to soften Xiao Yao into this state, but he knew that his emotions were affected.
When a person's feelings are indifferent, their perception of everything seems to be separated by a layer of film. Whether they are happy or sad, their mood won't fluctuate dramatically; but conversely, when such a person's emotions are intense, whether good or painful, they will be magnified equally.
It may not be accurate to say this, but feelings are very self-willed, with light and shadow entangled with them; sometimes the light will overcome the dark, but as long as it found a way out, then the pain that wasn't plain in the day will one day break out in a flash flood.
As Baiju followed Xiao Yao and walked in front of Qu Lang, he saw a pair of worried eyes.
A little concerned about Qu Lang's reaction, Baiju calmly leaned against Xiao Yao, and the soft white fur rubbed against Xiao Yao's calf and stayed there firmly.
Qu Lang drove the car, and the three of them went to the parking lot. Baiju got into Hou Jing's car and turned into his human form then came out after wearing clothes. Meanwhile Xiao Yao and Qu Lang treated Sun Daiyang like a sack and dragged him out of the trunk and threw him into Qu Lang's car.
Baiju listened to Xiao Yao and Qu Lang talking about the causes and consequences of the whole incident, and silently followed Xiao Yao into the car, habitually sitting in the back seat next to him. Qu Lang turned on a recording device and recorded Xiao Yao's dictation of the events, then he started the car and drove along the winding road back to the Demon Management Bureau.
Sun Daiyang's motives and behavior weren't difficult to understand, if he was to investigate it as a regular case; but the main variables lay in the mystery practitioner.
In modern society, the management of [practitioners was very strict. Unlike the past, where each school had its own methods, and there were many scattered practitioners all over the world; in the current age, skilled practitioners were registered, and the practitioners who had passed an assessment would be able to join the Practitioners Association and enjoy the extraordinary treatment and access to resources. If they were willing to shoulder the responsibility of management and supervision, they also had the opportunity to earn a few dollars.
In other words, the current practitioners were either registered, or they were fakes with no reputation or skill. The former was supervised and managed by the Practitioners Association, and generally had no chance to commit a crime, as once a crime was committed, it would be detected quickly. While the latter had no ability to cause trouble, at most fooling some laymen, and if others found out, they would simply collect evidence to sue them for fraud.
However, the origin of the "practitioner" Sun Daiyang encountered was very fascinating.
The appearance of the puppet that Qu Lang based on the description Baiju had given and from a restoration of the scene, didn't match any of the registered practitioners in the Practitioners Association. As for the spiritual power in the puppet core, nothing like it had been found yet.
The puppet was inherently evil and it may be that the raw materials or method of refining the puppet concealed some characteristics of it's spiritual power. Therefore, the clues provided by the puppet core were basically a deadend, and they had nothing more to go on. Sun Daiyang's appearance had brought a new breakthrough in this case.
Who made those inferior talismans he carried?
Why was a true practitioner, that most people could never discover, found by this guy's blind actions?
Baiju and Xiao Yao looked at each other, and just after Qu Lang's questions ended, they said tacitly, "Fishing."
They let Sun Daiyang go out. This guy was so careless, and he even thought he bought fake talismans. Of course, he won't expose anything. They would naturally go to the person who sold his talismans to investigate...and so, expose themselves a little.
01 - Vicissitudes of an old dog 02 - Eeep!!! 03 - Do you eat dog food? 04 - Ugly guy~ Show your face~ 05 - Sexy old dog, flirting online 06 - Finally leaving the house after milling around 07 - Buy, buy, buy 08 - Help me dress 09 - Daddy Yao Yao 10 - Yao Yao, hug 11 - There was a crisp sound and the old dog appeared on the stage 12 - So what's wrong? 13 - Qu Lang 14 - White puppy 15 - Who caught the back of my fate 16 - Red Fox Qiu Ziran 17 - Backstage 18 - On Stage 19 - Dealing with the puppet 20 - Therapy dog 21 - Orphanage 22 - Really like you 23 - Click 24 - Big transforming dog 25 - Dietary requirements 26 - Amazing 28 - I'm with you 29 - Yao Yao, you're naughty 30 - Fragrant 31 - Gentle poison 32 - Landing 33 - Your heart is beating so fast 34 - Accustomed to him 35 - It doesn't hurt, it will pass 36 - If I catch it, it's mine 37 - Char Siew Bao 38 - Pocket of gold coins 40 - Are you willing? 41 - Damn if you do, damned if you don't 42 - Yao Yao, open your mouth 43 - Xiao'ge married well 44 - Char Siew Bao enters the Dao 45 - Behave, let me kiss you 46 - Yao Yao, mwah! 47 - Fake Dragon Gate, open hunting ground 48 - Borrowing heaven's lightning 49 - Explaining demonic techniques, a shark jumps through the Dragon Gate 50 - Captain Qu, please disappear from here 51 - Jing Xia and the little shark 52 - Animism has fallen, you are my god 53 - He wants to go all the way 54 - Love proposition 55 - Yao Yao steals the chicken and loses the rice 56 - Qu Lang, go home 57 - Vampires and vampire lovers 58 - Let's start Haiyin Fort live broadcast (more supporting roles) 59 - Western demons play Western demons 60 - Drama 61 - Living puppet theory【can skip chapter】 62 - Be a mountain god for you again 64 - Captain Qu, why are you doing this? 65 - Oath 66 - [Short and fine] 67 - Touch 68 - The thirteenth clue 69 - The Master of Haiyin Fort 70 - Negotiation 71 - I want to be bonded to you 72 - Miss My Boyfriend~ 73 - Meeting and Phone Call 74 - Protect food 75 - Bai'ge, Calm Down 76 - Docking 77 - Pros and Cons 78 - Yellow godbeasts 79 - Little demons 80 - Share your circle of friends 81 - I wanted to kiss here just now 82 - Me and Mini-me are beautiful 83 - The family of dogs are very happy 84 - Yao Yao's kitchen 85 - What's wrong with looking at your face 86 - There is nothing in the world that you need to be afraid of 87 - What do I do, you've been hurt so much 88 - Friendship Boat 90 - Exercise 91 - Pick up 92 - Go to die 93 - Devil 94 - Let's give it to Qing Lan~ 95 - Give you the starry sky 96 - Splitting up 97 - Because he met Yao Yao 98 - White basalt cub 99 - Treasure


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My guess would be that the dentist wants to remove that tooth which has decay in order so that it doesn't get infected and become much more serious.Infections can spread throughout one's body, depending upon the type of infection. My guess would be that if you consulted a dentist he/she would explain to you that infections can become quite serious & in some cases become life threatening.If I were you, I'd talk with the dentist and see if the two of you can work out a payment plan that works with your financial constraints.Go & get another opinion and this time ask the dentist what the repercussions of not addressing the problem in a timely manner is.
My 6 year old daughter is having a very bad tooth decay. I took her to the dentist and he said that lot of work needed to be done on her treatment.I am terrified because he said that she would be put to sleep every time wen she is going through the treatment, I dont want this but what about the bad tooth decay?


text:
\section{Introduction}

The discovery of topological superconductors has attracted much attention because of new topologically non-trivial states
of condensed matters.
Experimentalists have intensively explored evidence of the topological superconductivity by various tools,
and theorists have debated theoretical framework to describe their various non-trivial superconducting properties\cite{Bernevig15122006,PhysRevLett.105.266401,PhysRevB.76.045302,PhysRevLett.98.106803,RevModPhys.82.3045,PhysRevLett.95.146802,Konig02112007,PhysRevLett.105.14 6801,PhysRevB.75.121306,PhysRevB.81.041309,PhysRevLett.105.136802}.
Recently, we have constructed a convenient quasiclassical framework for the topological superconductivity characterized by strong spin-orbit coupling and clarified its theoretical correspondence to the spin-triplet superconductivity without the spin-orbit coupling\cite{NagaiQuasi}.

The topological insulator Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ becomes a superconductor with the Cu-doping, and
Cu$_{x}$Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ has been regarded as a key compound for the investigation of non-trivial topological superconductivity\cite{PhysRevLett.107.217001,PhysRevB.86.064517,PhysRevLett.105.097001,PhysRevB.83.134516,NagaiThermal,NagaiMajo}.
According to the result of the angular photoemission experiment\cite{PhysRevB.86.064517},
there are surface bound states originated from the normal-state topological invariant even in the doping material as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:fig}.
In this paper,
we apply the quasiclassical framework to
the surface bound states with the Dirac-cone energy dispersion originated from the topological invariant in the parent compound Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$  in order to
investigate the robustness of these bound states under the superconducting order parameter.
With the use of our surface quasiclassical theory, the $8 \times 8$ matrix Dirac Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations in the three-dimensional space become
$2 \times 2$ matrix ones in the two-dimensional space.

\begin{figure}[thb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width = 1\columnwidth]{fig
\caption{\label{fig:fig}
Schematic diagram of the dispersion relations of the surface bound states in the topological insulator and the topological superconductor.
$\Delta_{\rm eff}$ denotes the superconducting gap on the bulk band and $\Delta_{\rm sur}$ denotes that on the surface band. }
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Dirac-type Hamiltonian}
Now, let us begin with the massive Dirac type BdG Hamiltonian on
the topological superconductivity expressed as\cite{NagaiThermal,NagaiMajo}
\begin{equation}
H = \int d{\bm r}
\left(\begin{array}{cc}\bar{\psi}({\bm r}) & \bar{\psi}_{\rm c}({\bm r})\end{array}\right)
\left(\begin{array}{cc}\hat{H}^{-}({\bm r})  & \Delta^{-}({\bm r}) \\
\Delta^{+}({\bm r})& \hat{H}^{+}({\bm r}) \end{array}\right)
\left(\begin{array}{c}\psi({\bm r}) \\
\psi_{\rm c}({\bm r})
\end{array}\right), \label{eq:hami}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\hat{H}^{\pm}({\bm r}) = M_{0}  - i  \partial_{x} \gamma^{1} - i \partial_{y} \gamma^{2}
- i \partial_{z} \gamma^{3} \pm \mu \gamma^{0} .\label{eq:dirac}
\end{equation}
Here, $\gamma^{i}$ is a $4 \times 4$ Dirac gamma matrix,  which can be described as $\gamma^{0} = \hat{\sigma}_{z} \otimes 1$,
$\gamma^{i = 1,2,3} = i \hat{\sigma}_{y} \otimes \hat{s}_{i}$, and $\gamma^{5} = \hat{\sigma}_{x} \otimes 1$
with $2 \times 2$ Pauli matrices $\hat{\sigma}_{i}$ in the orbital space and $\hat{s}_{i}$ in the spin space,
$\psi(\bm r)$ is the Dirac spinor, $\bar{\psi}(\Vec{r}) \equiv \psi^{\dagger}(\Vec{r})\gamma^{0}$, $\bar{\psi}_{c}(\Vec{r})
\equiv \psi_{c}^{\dagger} \gamma^{0}$, and $\psi_{c} \equiv {\cal C} \bar{\psi}^{T}$,
where ${\cal C} (\equiv i \gamma^{2} \gamma^{0})$ is the representative matrix of charge conjugation.
$\Delta^{-}$ is the gap function and $\Delta^{+} \equiv \gamma^{0} (\Delta^{-})^{\dagger} \gamma^{0}$.
Considering only the on-site pairing interaction, the possible gap form is reduced into six types of functions
as seen in Table I of Ref.~\cite{NagaiThermal}.
These gap functions are classified into scalar, pseudo-scalar, and polar vector (four-vector)
associated with the Lorentz transformation,
\begin{equation}
\Delta^{-} = \Delta_{0}, \: \Delta_{0} \gamma^{5}, \: \Delta_{0}\sla{\alpha} \gamma^{5},
\end{equation}
where, $\Delta_{0}$ is a scalar magnitude of the gap functions,
the Feynman slash $\sla{\alpha}$ is defined by $\sum_{\mu} \gamma^{\mu }\alpha_{\mu}$, and
the gap function including $\sla{\alpha}$ is characterized as a unit four-vector $\alpha_{\mu}$.
From the Hamiltonian Eq.~(\ref{eq:hami}), the correspondent $8 \times 8$ BdG equations are given as
\begin{equation}
\left(\begin{array}{cc} \hat{h}_{0}({\bm r}) - \mu  & \hat{\Delta}({\bm r})\\
 \hat{\Delta}^{\dagger}({\bm r}) & \hat{h}_{0}({\bm r}) + \mu \end{array}\right)
\left(\begin{array}{c}
u({\bm r}) \\
u_{\rm c}({\bm r})
\end{array}\right)
= E \left(\begin{array}{c}
u({\bm r}) \\
u_{\rm c}({\bm r})
\end{array}\right), \label{eq:bdgdirac}
\end{equation}
where $\gamma^{0} \hat{H}^{\pm} = \hat{h}_{0} \pm \mu$, and $\hat{\Delta} = \gamma_{0} \Delta^{-}$.
Note that $v$ in the conventional Nambu eigen-state form, $(u, v)^T$ is related to $u_{c}$
as $v \equiv i \gamma^{2} u_{c}$.

\section{Surface bound states in normal states}
\subsection{Surface bound states at the $\Gamma$-point }
Topological insulators have gapless quasiparticle states at a surface.
We consider the surface perpendicular to $z$-axis and the material fills the region of $z > 0$.
The boundary condition is given by $\Vec{u}(z = 0) = \Vec{u}_{\rm c}(z = 0) = 0$.
Assuming the translational symmetry along $x$ and $y$, the Dirac Hamiltonian (\ref{eq:bdgdirac}) is expressed as
\begin{align}
\left[ H_{0}(k_{x},k_{y},- i \partial_{z}) +H_{1}(k_{x},k_{y}) \right] \Vec{u}(k_{x},k_{y}, z) &= \left[ E + \mu \right] \Vec{u}(k_{x},k_{y}, z), \label{eq:diracz}
\end{align}
where $H_{0}(k_{x},k_{y},- i \partial_{z}) \equiv M(k_{x},k_{y},- i  \partial_{z}) \gamma^{0} -i \partial_{z} \gamma^{0} \gamma^{3}$ and
$H_{1}(k_{x},k_{y})  \equiv \gamma^{0} (k_{x}  \gamma^{1} + k_{y}  \gamma^{2})$.
The equation for $\Vec{u}_{c}$ is solved by substituting $\mu \rightarrow - \mu$ into the above equation.
In the case of $E = -\mu$, the eigenvalue equation with respect to $H_{0}$ becomes
\begin{align}
\left[M(k_{x},k_{y}, \lambda_{i}) + \sigma \lambda_{i} \right] \Vec{\psi}_{i} &= 0,
\end{align}
where $\Vec{\psi}_{i}$ is the $i$th eigenvectors of $\gamma^{3}$ with the eigenvalue $\epsilon_{i} = i \sigma$  with $\sigma = \pm 1$ expressed as
\begin{align}
\epsilon_{1} = i \;, \Vec{\psi}_{1}^{T} &= (1/\sqrt{2})\left(\begin{array}{cccc}0 & i & 0 & 1\end{array}\right), \\
\epsilon_{2} = i \;, \Vec{\psi}_{2}^{T} &= (1/\sqrt{2})\left(\begin{array}{cccc}-i & 0 & 1 & 0\end{array}\right), \\
\epsilon_{3} = -i \;, \Vec{\psi}_{3}^{T} &= (1/\sqrt{2})\left(\begin{array}{cccc}0 & -i & 0 & 1\end{array}\right), \\
\epsilon_{4} = -i \;, \Vec{\psi}_{4}^{T} &= (1/\sqrt{2})\left(\begin{array}{cccc}i & 0 & 1 & 0\end{array}\right).
\end{align}
Here, we assume $\Vec{u}(z) = \sum_{i = 1}^{4} c_{i} \exp [\lambda_{i} z] \Vec{\psi}_{i}$.
$\lambda_{i}$ dependence of $M(k_{x},k_{y},\lambda_{i})$ determines the existence condition of the bound states, since
the surface bound states exist only if ${\rm Re}\: \lambda > 0$ under the condition $\lim_{z \rightarrow \infty} \Vec{u}(z) = 0$.
If $M(\Vec{k}) = M_{0}(k_{x},k_{y}) + M_{1} k_{z}^{2}$, we have $\lambda_{i} = (\sigma \pm \sqrt{1 + 4 M_{0} M_{1}})/(2 M_{1})$ and
the surface bound state exists when $M_{0} M_{1} < 0$.
Then, the general solution with respect to $H_{0}$ with $M_{1} < 0$ and $E = -\mu$ becomes
\begin{align}
 \Vec{u}(k_{x},k_{y}z,E = -\mu) &=  \frac{1}{\sqrt{A}}
\sum_{i = 1}^{2} c_{i} e^{\frac{z}{2 M_{1}}}
\sinh \left(
K
z \right)
 \Vec{\psi}_{i},
\end{align}
where $K = (\sqrt{1 + 4 M_{0} M_{1}})(2 M_{1})$
with $A = \int_{0}^{\infty} dz \exp(z/M_{1}) |\sinh  (K z)|^{2}$.
\subsection{Surface bound states with the rotational symmetry}
We can obtain the eigenvector with respect to $H_{0} + H_{1}$ at $E \neq -\mu$ with the use of the above general solution with respect to $H_{0}$.
By substituting the above solution  into Eq.~(\ref{eq:diracz}),
the eigenvalue equations become
\begin{align}
\left(\begin{array}{cc}
0 & -i k_{+} \\
i k_{-} & 0
\end{array}\right)
\left(\begin{array}{c}
c_{1} \\
c_{2}
\end{array}\right)
&= E'
\left(\begin{array}{c}
c_{1} \\
c_{2}
\end{array}\right),
\end{align}
with $k_{\pm} \equiv k_{x} \pm i k_{y}$ and $E' \equiv E + \mu$.
Therefore, we obtain the surface-bound states expressed as
\begin{align}
\Vec{u}^{\rm N}(k_{x},k_{y},\Vec{r},E') &= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 A}} e^{i \Vec{k}_{\perp} \cdot \Vec{r}_{\perp}}
 e^{\frac{z}{2 M_{1}}}
\sinh \left(
K
z \right) \left[ \Vec{\psi}_{1} + i e^{-i \phi} \: {\rm sgn} (E')\Vec{\psi}_{2} \right], \label{eq:sur}
\end{align}
with $\Vec{k}_{\perp}= (k_{x},k_{y}) = \sqrt{k_{x}^{2}+k_{y}^{2}}(\cos \phi, \sin \phi)$ and $\Vec{r}_{\perp} = (x,y)$.
\subsection{Surface bound states with the six-fold rotational symmetry}
Considering the Hamiltonian for Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ on the triangular lattice\cite{PhysRevLett.107.217001,NagaiMajo}, the eigenvalue equations
become
\begin{align}
\left(\begin{array}{cc}
0 & -i P_{+}(k_{x},k_{y}) \\
i P_{-}(k_{x},k_{y}) & 0
\end{array}\right)
\left(\begin{array}{c}
c_{1} \\
c_{2}
\end{array}\right)
&= E'
\left(\begin{array}{c}
c_{1} \\
c_{2}
\end{array}\right),
\end{align}
with
\begin{align}
P_{\pm}(k_{x},k_{y}) &\equiv P_{1}(k_{x},k_{y}) \pm i P_{2}(k_{x},k_{y}), \\
P_{1}(k_{x},k_{y})  &\equiv \frac{2}{3} \sqrt{3} \sin \left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} k_{x}\right) \cos \left( \frac{k_{y}}{2} \right), \\
P_{2}(k_{x},k_{y})  &\equiv  \frac{2}{3} \left[
\cos \left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} k_{x}\right) \sin \left( \frac{k_{y}}{2} \right) + \sin \left( k_{y} \right)
 \right].
\end{align}
Therefore, we obtain the surface-bound states on the triangular lattice expressed as
\begin{align}
\Vec{u}^{\rm N}_{\rm tri}(k_{x},k_{y},\Vec{r},E') &= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 A}} e^{i \Vec{k}_{\perp} \cdot \Vec{r}_{\perp}}
 e^{\frac{z}{2 M_{1}}}
\sinh \left(
K
z \right) \left[ \Vec{\psi}_{1} + i e^{-i \Phi(k_{x},k_{y})} \: {\rm sgn} (E')\Vec{\psi}_{2} \right], \label{eq:surtri}
\end{align}
with
\begin{align}
e^{-i \Phi(k_{x},k_{y})} &\equiv \frac{P_{1}(k_{x},k_{y}) - i P_{2}(k_{x},k_{y})}
{\sqrt{P_{1}(k_{x},k_{y})^{2} +P_{2}(k_{x},k_{y})^{2}   }}.
\end{align}

\section{Surface quasiclassical theory}

The quasiclassical theory is founded on an assumption
that the coherence length $\xi$ is much longer than the
Fermi wave length $1/k_{\rm F}$ ($\xi k_{\rm F} \gg 1$)\cite{Volovik}.
The assumption is valid, when the order parameter amplitude $|\Delta_{0}|$
is much smaller than the Fermi energy $E_{\rm F}$ ($|\Delta_{0}|/E_{\rm F} \ll 1$), and
the condition is fully fulfilled in BCS weak-coupling superconductivity.
In this theory, the wave function is expressed by a
product of the fast oscillating one characterized
by the Fermi momentum $p_{\rm F}$ and the slowly varying one by the coherence length $\xi$, and
the quasiclassical solution of the BdG equations is given as
\begin{align}
\left(\begin{array}{c}
u({\bm r}) \\
u_{\rm c}({\bm r})
\end{array}
\right) \sim
\left(\begin{array}{c}
 \Vec{u}^{\rm N}(\Vec{r},\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp})  f(\Vec{r}_{\perp},\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp}) \\
 \Vec{u}_{{\rm c}}^{\rm N}(\Vec{r},\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp})  g(\Vec{r}_{\perp},\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp})
\end{array}\right),
\end{align}
where $\Vec{u}^{\rm N}$, $\Vec{u}_{{\rm c}}^{\rm N}$ are normal-state eigenvectors at the Fermi level expressed as,
\begin{align}
 \hat{h}_{0}(\Vec{r})
\Vec{u}^{\rm N}(\Vec{r},\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp}) &= \mu \Vec{u}^{\rm N}(\Vec{r},\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp}) , \\
\hat{h}_{0}(\Vec{r})
\Vec{u}_{{\rm c}}^{\rm N}(\Vec{r},\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp}) &= -\mu \Vec{u}_{{\rm c}}^{\rm N}(\Vec{r},\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp})  .
\end{align}
Here, the chemical potential is supposed to be larger than the mass $(\mu > M_{0})$.
As shown in Ref.~\citen{NagaiQuasi}, there are two solutions in a bulk.
On the other hand, there is an only one solution at a surface as shown in Eq.~(\ref{eq:sur}).
The eigenvectors are given as
\begin{align}
\Vec{u}^{\rm N}(\Vec{r},\Vec{k}_{{\rm F} \perp}) &= \Vec{u}^{\rm N}(k_{{\rm F} x},k_{{\rm F} y},\Vec{r},\mu),\\
\Vec{u}^{\rm N}_{\rm c}(\Vec{r},\Vec{k}_{{\rm F} \perp}) &= \Vec{u}^{\rm N}(k_{{\rm F} x},k_{{\rm F} y},\Vec{r},-\mu).
\end{align}
With the use of the above wave function, we reach $2 \times 2$ matrix eigenvalue problem with respect to two functions $(f_{1},g_{1})$ from
$8 \times 8$ BdG equations.
The diagonal term is converted as
\begin{align}
\int_{0}^{\infty} dz \Vec{u}^{\rm N}(\Vec{r},\Vec{k}_{{\rm F} \perp})^{\dagger} (\hat{h}_{0} - \mu) \Vec{u}^{\rm N}(\Vec{r},\Vec{k}_{{\rm F} \perp}) f &=
- i \Vec{v}_{\rm F \perp} \cdot \Vec{\nabla}_{\perp} f,
\end{align}
with $\Vec{v}_{\rm F} \equiv (\cos \phi, \sin \phi)$ and $\Vec{\nabla}_{\perp} \equiv (\partial_{x}, \partial_{y})$.
Thus, we have effective two-dimensional $2 \times 2$ quasiclassical BdG equations represented as
\begin{align}
\left(\begin{array}{cc}
- i \Vec{v}_{\rm F \perp} \cdot \Vec{\nabla}_{\perp}  & \Delta_{\rm sur}(\Vec{r}_{\perp},\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp}) \\
 \Delta_{\rm sur}(\Vec{r}_{\perp},\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp})^{\ast} &  i \Vec{v}_{\rm F \perp} \cdot \Vec{\nabla}_{\perp}
\end{array}\right)
 \left(\begin{array}{c}
f(\Vec{r}_{\perp},\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp}) \\
g(\Vec{r}_{\perp},\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp})
\end{array}\right)
&=  E \left(\begin{array}{c}
f(\Vec{r}_{\perp},\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp}) \\
g(\Vec{r}_{\perp},\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp})
\end{array}\right).
\end{align}
All the converted gap functions are listed in Table \ref{table:1}.
As an example exhibited in Table \ref{table:1},
the pseudo scalar gap function is equivalent to the spin-triplet
gap function $\hat{\Delta}_{\rm eff}$ whose $\Vec{d}$-vector rotates in momentum space in the bulk superconductor ($\Vec{d} = (v_{x},v_{y},v_{z})$). Here, $\Vec{v}$ denotes the velocity.
On the other hand, we should note that the effective surface gap function originated from the pseudo scalar gap function $\Delta_{\rm sur}$ is zero as shown in Table \ref{table:1}, since the off-diagonal term with the pseudo-scalar gap function is converted as
\begin{align}
\int_{0}^{\infty} dz  \Vec{u}^{\rm N}_{\rm c}(\Vec{r},\Vec{k}_{{\rm F} \perp})^{\dagger} \gamma^{0} \Delta^{-} \Vec{u}^{\rm N}(\Vec{r},\Vec{k}_{{\rm F} \perp}) f &=
0.
\end{align}
This shows that the normal-state surface bound states written as Eq.~(\ref{eq:sur}) are robust against
the pseudo-scalar gap functions because the gap can not open as shown in Fig.~(\ref{fig:fig}).
We should note that even the surface bound states with the six-fold symmetry expressed as Eq.~(\ref{eq:surtri}) are robust, since
the off-diagonal term with the wave function $\Vec{u}_{\rm tri}^{\rm N}(k_{x},k_{y},\Vec{r},E')$ becomes zero.
\begin{table*}
\caption{
The correspondence between the original BdG gap functions $\hat{\Delta}^{-}$, the effective ones
$\hat{\Delta}_{\rm eff}(\Vec{p}_{\rm F})$ and the surface effective ones $\Delta_{\rm sur}(\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp})$
in quasiclassical theory.
``P-scalar'' denotes a pseudo scalar whose parity is
odd and ``$i$-polar'' denotes a polar vector pointing the $i$ direction in four dimensional space.}
\label{table:1}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lcccccl}
\hline
&$\hat{\Delta}^{-}$  &Parity &$\hat{\Delta}_{\rm eff}(\Vec{p}_{\rm F})$  &$\Delta_{\rm sur}(\Vec{k}_{\rm F \perp})$  \\
\hline
Scalar & $\gamma^{5}$ &$+$ &singlet  & 1\\
$t$-polar & $\gamma^{0} \gamma^{5}$ &$+$ & singlet  & 0 \\
P-scalar & $1$ & $-$ & triplet: $\Vec{d} = (v_{x},v_{y},v_{z})$ & 0 \\
$x$-polar & $\gamma^{1}\gamma^{5}$& $-$ &triplet: $\Vec{d} = (0,-v_{z},v_{y})$
& 0
\\
$y$-polar  & $\gamma^{2}\gamma^{5}$ & $-$ &triplet: $\Vec{d} = (v_{z},0,-v_{x})$
& 0
\\
$z$-polar & $\gamma^{3}\gamma^{5}$ & $-$&triplet: $\Vec{d} = (-v_{y},v_{x},0)$& 1
\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table*}
\section{Discussion}
We discuss the reason why the surface bound states do not open the superconducting gap due to the
odd-parity gap functions.
We note that the spin rotates on the Fermi surface originated from the surface bound states in the normal states expressed as Eq.~(\ref{eq:sur}), which is well known as "spin-momentum locking"\cite{RevModPhys.82.3045}.
The spin of the quasiparticle with the momentum $\Vec{k}_{\rm F}$ is anti-parallel to that with the momentum $-\Vec{k}_{\rm F}$
as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:kaiten}.
Therefore, the Cooper pairs with parallel spins such as the spin-triplet superconductivity can not form on this
spin-momentum locking Fermi surface.
The odd-parity gap functions can not open on the Dirac-cone-dispersion band in the Cu-doped Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$
superconductor as shown in Fig.~(\ref{fig:fig}).
This indicates that there are the robust Dirac-type surface states expressed as Eq.~(\ref{eq:sur}) and
the robust Majorana surface states due to the odd-parity superconductivity.
Inhomogeneity effects due to the interaction between the Dirac quasiparticles and the Majorana quasiparticles on the
surface of the topological superconductor
can be treated by out quasiclassical treatment.
\begin{figure}[thb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width = 0.3\columnwidth]{kaiten
\caption{\label{fig:kaiten}
Schematic diagram of the spin-momentum locking on the Fermi surface.
}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\section{Conclusion}
We constructed a surface two-dimensional quasiclassical theory which consists of the normal-state surface bound states.
These surface bound states do not open the superconducting gap due to the odd-parity gap functions, since
 the Cooper pairs with parallel spins such as the spin-triplet superconductivity can not form on this
spin-momentum locking Fermi surface.
We showed that the massless Dirac quasiparticles originated from the normal-state topological invariant and the
Majorana quasiparticles are coexist on the surface in the odd-parity topological superconductivity.
Inhomogeneity effects due to the interaction between the Dirac quasiparticles and the Majorana quasiparticles on the
surface of the topological superconductor
can be treated by out quasiclassical treatment.

\section*{Acknowledgment}
The authors would like to acknowledge Yukihiro Ota and for
helpful discussions and comments.
This study has been supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from MEXT of Japan.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Calling the American West "Home"
Setting: Home improvement store, Midwestern U.S., holiday time. Me: "He wished me luck! He said he didn't have the part we need but actually wished me luck finding it somewhere else … PEOPLE HERE ARE SO NICE!" Stereotype though it may be, city folk can be a bit … direct. Exceedingly so. Having been in New York, now, for 7+ years, I've become more fluent in the language of gruff shopkeepers ("harumph" = we may have that item you need, but I'm too engrossed in reading my horoscope to acknowledge your existence). So it's an annual tradition of mine, whenever I experience a bit of Midwestern hospitality, to be overcome by a Mayberry-type admiration for "home": the Black Hills of South Dakota.
The long drive home for the holidays.
In the typical — and naive — child's fashion, it took me leaving home to realize what a special place the Black Hills region is. I left South Dakota when I was 18, trekking eastward for college, then grad school and, now, life in New York City. But every year, in December, I venture back home for the holidays. This year, our 10-day vacation provided ample time to re-discover Rapid City, the region's anchor and state's second-largest city, along with the gorgeous northern hills.
Downtown Rapid City still maintains the charm of its mercantile roots. As the gateway to the Black Hills, where dreams of striking it rich in gold mining were the norm, Rapid (we locals drop the City … too cumbersome *wink*) was a town of trade and commerce.
The Clower Building in downtown Rapid City.
The Clower Building houses Prairie Edge, which specializes in artisanal goods made by and celebrating the culture of the Lakota Sioux Indian tribe, and features architectural flourishes to enhance the humble brick foundations and out-of-the-way locale.
The Clock Shop Building with its iconic onion dome.
The former Clock Shop building, with its onion dome, exemplifies this tactic. You can imagine how fanciful this seemed to me as a kiddo! And the historic Hotel Alex Johnson reigns over the scene as the second tallest building in downtown (at a whopping 10 stories). Oh, and did I mentioned it's haunted? No visit home is complete without a drive up West Boulevard, which became the desirable address in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and the historic homes lining the drive still impress.
Talk of South Dakota and the "Wild West" town of Deadwood inevitably enters the conversation. The northern Black Hills set the scene for an incredible gold rush that only recently came to a close (the Homestake Gold Mine was exhausted in 2002 and now houses underground laboratories for testing black matter, or something equally scientifically impressive!).
Infamous personalities like Wild Bill Hickock and Calamity Jane tread the streets of Deadwood, which quickly gained a reputation of western lawlessness.
As the gold was pulled from the streams with pans and extracted from the mine, Deadwood and neighboring Lead slowly grew. Only ever to a certain point, though, as many gold-hungry explorers came for brief stints to make their fortunes and then returned from whence they came. The mining and engineering legacy of the Black Hills lives strong in the local university, the South Dakota School of Mines & Technology.
Also a university town, Spearfish can be found just a stone's throw further West of Deadwood. It's proximity to the history of Lead/Deadwood — not to mention wintersports — make it a popular and growing destination. Black Hills State University regularly graduates strong classes of educators (like my Mom!) and communications majors (radio and TV alike).
I'm a happy snowbunny at Terry Peak Ski Area.
No virtual visit of the Black Hills — or South Dakota, for that matter — would be complete without two monumental attractions: Mount Rushmore and the Badlands! The former is that herculean undertaking of carving the heads of four American Presidents (can you guess which ones? Without Google'ing it!) into the hard granite of the Black Hills. Seventeen miles to the south, Crazy Horse Monument (still a work-in-progress) was a direct response to Mount Rushmore's creation. And Black Hills-adjacent can be found the otherworldly landscape of the Badlands (or the "mini Grand Canyon," as I like to call them). The National Park is considered one of the world's richest fossil beds. The largest and most complete T-Rex fossil ever found — lovingly named Sue — now residing in Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History, was discovered in the geological deposits of the Badlands.
As beautiful as the Black Hills are with a dusting of snow, exploring during the spring and summer is requisite. Driving through Custer State Park and seeing the buffalo and other wild species in their habitat takes my breath away, each and every time. Not to mention the gorgeous natural scenery of the Needles Highway and Sylvan Lake. And for those who like their diversions clad in leather and fueled by gasoline, there's the world famous Sturgis Motorcycle Rally, every August.
907 Fulton Street, Rapid City, c. 1919. $287,500.
1021 Quincy Street, Rapid City, c. 1889. $465,000.
12154 Elenbecker Road, Custer, c. 1920. $559,000.
12154 Elenbecker Road, Custer (alternate view), c. 1920. $559,000.
815 State Street, Spearfish, c. 1931. $590,000. This one is on the National Register of Historic Places.
8 Shine Street, Deadwood, c. 1900. $389,000.
340 E Main Street, Lead, c. 1910. $45,000.
1105 Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, c. 1909. $189,900.
21179 Lookout Trail, Lead, c. 1932. $385,000.
624 Sunnyhill Road, Lead, c. 1935. $389,500.
624 Sunnyhill Road, Lead (interior – I'll take that view!), c. 1935. $389,500.
147 N 3rd St, Custer, c. 1922. $192,000.
12509 Hazelrodt Cutoff, Custer, c. 1940. $499,000.
Alternate view of 12509 Hazelrodt Cutoff, Custer, c. 1940. $499,000.
27 Stewart Street, Deadwood, c. 1895. $235,000.
131 S Galena Street, Lead, c. 1900. $99,900 (foreclosure).
42 & 41 Denver Street, Deadwood, c. 1885. $200,000.
15 Washington Street, Deadwood, c. 1903. $219,900.
7 Stewart Street, Deadwood, c. 1910. $134,000.
35 Centennial Drive, Custer, c. 1891. $329,900.
35 Centennial Drive, Custer (overhead view), c. 1891. $329,900.
231 Quincy Street, Rapid City, c. 1909. $136,750.
735 N 8th Street, Spearfish, c. 1930. $259,900.
735 N 8th Street, Spearfish, c. 1930 (adjacent building also included). $259,900.
735 N 8th Street, Spearfish (mantel alert!), c. 1930. $259,900.
Cristiana is CIRCA's social media butterfly. A Midwest transplant, she traded the prairies of South Dakota for the architecture of New York City and the history of the East Coast. By day, she spearheads the work of the Woodlawn Conservancy, a non-profit committed to sharing the architecture and resources of the historic Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx. By night, she freelances in new media projects, lending her expertise in leveraging the social web to broadcast an organization's message.
Fantastic writing! And the pictures are gorgeous! Definitely looks like a place worth living!
Great post, Cristiana! Now I want to visit!


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Tag Archives: penguin
Book review: All Men Want to Know (ARC)
Firstly, many thanks to Penguin UK and NetGalley for letting me review this book in advance, as always, this does not influence my review in any way. Just to let you know, All Men Want to Know is due to be published 6 August, 2020. You can pre order copies from the usual places!
All Men Want to Know
Author: Nina Bouraoui
Genres: Women's literary fiction, auto-fiction, lesbian literature
Publication date: 6 August, 2020
This is a deeply moving work of "auto-fiction" told through the life experiences of its author, Nina Bouraoui. It combines the authors real life experiences growing up, but is a work of literary fiction in style and scope. Nina has lived a torn life, and one situated between two continents; Africa and Europe. She spent most of her childhood in Algeria where her Father was from before her Mother chose to move to Paris, because of the outbreak of Civil War. This toing and froing between two cultures, means that Nina struggles to come to terms with her identity, "France is an outfit I wear: Algeria is my skin, exposed to the sun and storms."
Portrait of Nina Bouraoui.Portrait de Nina Bouraoui.
The entire novel is told through vivid, first person narration. This may put some readers off, as there's no typical story structure. However, I loved the sense of depth this created. The prose often reads as part poetry, part inner monologue of Nina's thoughts, feelings and memories. I found it a harrowing read, as Nina never shies away from the honesty of her experience and the pain she has endured. In this day and age, we are so used to seeing peoples' 'real life' experience through a filtered lens which often bears no reality, however, this novel strips it back to the bare bones. Thus, making it a moving depiction of the difficulties of coming of age, accepting oneself and learning how to live. It is a powerful portrayal of inner tournaments and the pain people go through during the process of accepting themselves.
Despite the novel lacking a traditional structure – it is divided loosely into four sections of memory which are used to account for the different periods in Nina's life. These are: knowing, remembering, becoming and being. Each comment on her life at its different stages – from living in Algeria and witnessing its turbulence as a country, to beginning her new, independent life in Paris at the age of eighteen and toying with her sexuality. Due to this dual upbringing across continents – Nina grapples with her sexuality – she has been attracted to women for most of her life, however, accepting this has been her biggest struggle, "I want to know who I am, what I am made of, what I can hope for…"
Image: Algeria skyline via Pixabay
Homosexuality is still illegal in Algeria today, which relates to the difficulties of not just Nina's own acceptance of herself, but the society in which she grew up. In Paris, she feels freer to explore this, due to living in a more accepting, Western culture. She acknowledges this cultural and personal struggle vividly, "I'm a victim of my own homophobia" in which the reader is a witness, as Nina documents her first difficult experiences with love and the initial anxieties these bring.
Knowing, draws on Nina's past experience in Algeria, as she accounts traumatic experiences of witnessing her Mother being sexually assaulted, and depicts the variable climate of Algeria which was going through civil unrest. I couldn't help but feel this exposure must have impacted Nina's conception of herself, which then impacted her attitudes towards her sexuality and ability to form relationships with women. She had to get over her own boundaries before those imposed on her from others.
Remembering, documents visions of her past which are mainly in Algeria. Despite the country's beauty she remembers that, "violence is etched into the land, unending violence" and this struggle is symbolic in her own boundaries to self acceptance. Becoming, is the most 'present' aspect of this autobiography, as it follows Nina's life as a young adult, living in Paris. She frequents a local, lesbian nightclub in the hope of finding love with other women. This is the most interesting part of the book, as it shows how her past struggles and different cultural upbringings shape her identity and coming to terms with herself. She goes up and down like a yo-yo between being proud of her sexuality and path in life, to feeling disgusted, "I'm nothing but a faggot" which demonstrates the tumultuous rage often experienced with coming of age sexuality. But, with an added distressing aspect – her home country of Algeria, would imprison her for displaying her love for women.
Image: Paris nightlife via Pixabay
Being looks back on her life. This element shows herself starting to accept her identity and letting go of the past. She appears to have found happiness and self love, as a relationship with another woman blooms, "I am the same but I've changed, I've let go, I'm floating free on this waking dream…." The kind of self acceptance Nina finds, was relieving to read, after Nina's continuous periods of self doubt. Finally, she appears to be content.
A stunning, autobiographical portrayal of the inner, psychological battle. Torn between two cultures and two ways of living, this documents Nina's transition between hiding from the world and herself, and embracing it. Harrowing and dark at times, but also uplifting and beautiful.
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Posted byViolet Daniels June 11, 2020 August 27, 2020 Posted inBlog, Book reviews, FictionTags:All Men Want to Know, ARC, ARC review, auto-fiction, autobiography, culture, fiction review, general fiction, identity, Lesbian fiction, Literary Fiction, NetGalley, Nina Bouraoui, penguin, Penguin Books, sexuality, translation1 Comment on Book review: All Men Want to Know (ARC)
Book Review: Lolita
Title: Lolita
Author: Vladimir Nabokov
Publisher: Penguin, Penguin Classics
Lolita, is a first person narrative novel, told through the eyes of a middle aged professor, Humbert Humbert. Humbert develops an obsession with a twelve year old girl, Dolores Haze, who he pursues for the rest of his days. Humbert nicknames his prey, Lolita, and attempts to gain greater access to her, in becoming a lodger at her Mother's house in Ramsdale, New England.
It is here, where Humbert builds upon his disguse of being the studious professor, working on writing his book. However, this is when the access, and consequently, obsession, with Lolita begins. Soon, he will have unrivaled access, as he marries Charlotte, Lolita's mother.
After a tragic set of events working in his favour, Lolita and Humbert embark on a road trip across America, staying in various motels along the way. Throughout this, Humbert engages in sexual activity with Lolita and constantly rewards her with the 'things' she desires – the mundane clothes, candy and magazines that young girls crave.
Eventually, of course, Humbert gets caught and his pursuit of Lolita suddenly comes to an end. The novel ends with Humbert imprisoned but still professing his love for Lolita,
"It was love at first sight, at last sight, at ever and ever sight."
This novel made me experience a whirlwind of different emotions. Simultaneously, I was in awe of the construction of the novel and the sheer complexity of some of the images and prose Nabokov has created, but at the same time, was reeling in disgust due to the difficulties of the content. Scenes that detailed Humbert's sexual encounters with Lolita, and his portrayal of lingering desire for young girls in general, left me with a sense of rage and disgust.
Nabokov, in the use of this first person narrative, creates an unrivaled account of a middle aged man's erotic obsession with a twelve year old girl. This unrivaled account which has been deemed as "unreliable" by critics, means that Lolita's point of view is swept away under the carpet. As readers, we are never enlightened into her perspective. Thus, there are many unanswered questions. Effectively, she is silenced, which I suspect is the very point. Additionally, the relationship is almost normalised, especially by the use of 'relationship' type prose throughout,
"I knew I had fallen in love with Lolita forever; but I also knew she would not be forever Lolita."
Moreover, the silencing of the victim is achieved in the crafting of this first person narrative. Many (i.e, Stephen Metcalf), have pointed to this as being Nabokov's critique of totalitarianism under the Soviet regime. Nabokov was a known opponent of the Soviet government and opposed Tsarists autocracy, communism and fascism that he lived through. It is possible, that this silencing of Lolita, the stripping of her identity and childhood, conveys a sense of control not too dissimilar to that used by the Soviet regime.
Lolita immediately gained a 'classic' status despite its controversial topic, it was even banned from entering the United Kingdom in 1955. However, its classic status is arguably not due to the story or unconventional theme; but its literary construction. The reader is constantly exposed to a series of complex metaphors and lyric poetic passages that make it easy to forget the shocking undertones of the novel. It can be easy to get swept away by the beauty of the language and forget that something very sinister is taking place on the pages before you. However, as someone that is a sucker for beautiful prose, I appreciated this element.
What struck me as particularly strange and almost sinister, was Humbert's own self awareness of the horror of his actions and desires. He constantly addresses the reader as "the jury" – putting himself deliberately on trial. But the novel is a monologue of his own account and he always refers to the brutality of his crimes,
"One moment I was ashamed and frightened, another recklessly optimisitc. Taboos strangulated me."
However, regardless of the morality Humbert places on his actions, there is a certain directness in his address to the reader and the narration almost feels like a sit down conversation between him and the reader. There is a sense of intimacy which is enlightening and highly disturbing. Behind everything, and perhaps most of his motivations, appears to be Humbert's absolute frustration with the restraints of American society,
"….civilisation which allows a man of twenty-five to court a girl of sixteen but not a girl of twelve…"
"We are not surrounded in our enlighttened era by the little slave flowers that can be casually plucked…"
I sensed a definitive obsession with what he perceived as the faults within society – for, the one he lived in permitted his relationship with a twelve year old girl. He believes these rules are in place due to the creation division between childhood and adulthood (page 124.)
Humbert as a narrator is truly, and honestly, self reflective which felt like an attempt to appear more human. However, despite this level of self reflection and awareness, he still maintained at the end of the novel that despite his obsession with Lolita being over, he would always crave the same thing,
"I would be a knave to say, and the reader a fool to believe, that the shock of losing Lolita cured me of my pederoins."
In a way, being able to acknowledge himself as a, "pentapod monster" who did wrong, but still wanting to pursue this, is the mark of a truly disturbed, and possibly incurable individual.
In sum, I found the book incredibly well written and thought provoking. I enjoyed the kind of lyricism Nabokov used and was drawn into the first person narration despite its flaws. There were no barriers or restraint, which made it an interesting psychological insight, as well as a literary joy to read.
This complex first person narration gives the reader nowhere to hide. It is compelling, disturbing and unforgiving. But its craft is a work of art just in itself. This paradox between the beauty of the prose, and the harrowing, disturbing nature of the subject fills the novel with complexity. I can see why this is a a classic; Lolita will linger with me for a long time to come.
Posted byViolet Daniels January 25, 2020 August 27, 2020 Posted inBlog, Book reviews, FictionTags:America, American literature, book review, Books, classic, Contemporary Fiction, Fiction, literature, Lolita, penguin, review, Soviet Union, Vladimir NabokovLeave a comment on Book Review: Lolita