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Mutton Island. A Clare Treasure.
Posted on July 20, 2018 by singersong
This is my longest blog to date. It is also one I have had the most pleasure writing. It is about a special place. Never visited by tourists and only by a handful of locals. A place where little vignettes of a vanished Ireland can be glimpsed, where nature has done its wonderful work and where you can find peace in solitude. I hope you find the time to read it and that I can give you a little of this feeling in these words and pictures.
I live on the edge. Of Ireland, that is.
Every morning I pull the curtains and look out my window across Caherush bay. The first thing I see is Mutton Island. It's the image that begins every day. Sometimes the cloud or mist or the spray from wild waves hides it and sometimes it is like a green jewel floating on a blue calm. I've seen it covered in snow and I've seen it bathed in the glow of a West Clare sunset. But in four years I'd never been there.
Sunset over Mutton Island viewed from Seafield Beach at Quilty.
Mutton Island during the 'Beast from the East' in March 2018. Covered in thick snow.
The island of 185 acres is shrouded in myth and mystery. It's inaccessibility gives these stories weight.
There is no obvious way to get there for those of us who don't own a boat or a kayak, but I decided one July Tuesday in the midst of an extraordinary spell of hot, fine weather to try and get there.
My inquiries led me to Anthony Murrihy, a Quilty fisherman, and so 10am Wednesday saw me waiting at the Seafield Pier to be ferried across. Well, after two weeks of blue skies, this morning arrived with low cloud covering Quilty and the island. Mmmm. That's Ireland. Still there was no rain and it was just a bit cooler than it had been which in the end I was grateful for.
As the little red boat pulled away from the Quilty shore, it somehow seemed appropriate that the island should be shrouded in mist. Why would it give up its secrets so easily?
Anthony Murrihy, Quilty fisherman. Leaving Seafield Pier.
In my travels around Ireland, I've visited many islands: Tory, Inis Oir, Inis Mor, Cape Clear, Sherkin, Valentia, Achill, Aranmore, Dursey, Scattery, Skellig Michael, Garinish. Most are 'tourist' experiences. Ferry terminals, interpretive centres, maps and paths, signs with arrows and glossy brochures. All were wonderful experiences of course, but nothing is like Mutton Island.
So it was just me, Anthony and a little red dinghy heading across the flat Atlantic. There is no actual landing point on the island and as Anthony tried to hold the boat against a rock with a gaff (made from a paint roller, a broom handle and some duck tape), I gingerly stepped ashore clinging to my camera bag and my egg mayo sandwich.
The landing spot. I had to step ashore off the boat onto that rock……
Then it was just me. Anthony and the little red dinghy disappeared back to the inhabited part of Ireland.
It was the strangest feeling watching the tiny speck disappear into the distance. I just stood there for some time, quite dumbstruck. I really can't describe it. A sense of excitement, of respectful awe, and at the same time a creeping solitude. It is so rare to actually be alone and isolated in this 'civilised' world. But here I was the only human being on this little slice of the planet. At least for the next few hours.
The island is elongate east-west fattening to the west. The boat dropped me near the eastern end so it seemed logical to start there and circumnavigate the island. This was my kind of exploration. It reminded me of my early days of geology fieldwork. No preconceptions, only a vague idea what I would find and no guide book to follow. I think now that's what attracted me originally to exploration geology. Here was an empty, abandoned world. Everything you see is a surprise, no paved path to follow, no interpretive centres or explanatory signs. Just raw nature, landscape, geology, wildlife and archaeology and only your eyes and feet to unravel it.
My first surprise was that it wasn't the quiet idyll I expected. Because I wasn't truly alone. The screeching and squawking of gulls and the persistent piping of oyster catchers was overpowering at times. They were telling me in no uncertain way that I was an intruder. Why would they welcome me? This was their world. One gull took a particular exception to me. I was repeatedly dive bombed. Heading straight for my head and only pulling on the joy stick at the last minute to clear me by inches. This was only a taster though. A more Hitchcock-like experience awaited me on the other side of the island.
Being dive bombed by a gull.
It only took a few strides from the rocky beach though until I realised this was a much more varied landscape than I had imagined. The rolling green slopes that you see from the mainland were there, yes, but hidden from view there were rugged cliffs. Sheer drops and a deeply incised coastline, caves, sea arches, channels and stacks revealing a wildness that was breathtaking.
The beautiful incised coast at the north eastern end of the island.
A natural arch on the northern coast
The sculpted coast exposed at low tide.
Caves and Arches I. High tide
Caves and Arches II. Low tide.
The rocks are all sandstones and shales, as on the mainland, faulted and folded by a disruptive tectonic event nearly 300 million years ago. This alternation of soft and hard layering and extensive faulting has provided many opportunities for selective erosion creating these awesome geological features.
This cave is formed at a fault boundary where soft shale is in contact with hard sandstone
A cave in the early stage of development. Erosion is taking place along a fault and under a sandstone cap. Come back in a few hundred years and this will be a cave.
Sometimes the roof collapses forming what are known as stacks. There is particularly impressive roof collapse which has formed a cave (known as Poul Tabach, a reference to the contraband dealings that went on there), It has created a giant sink hole with two entrances one open to the sea.
A collapsed cave and arch. Poul Tabach. Walled off by the early settlers to stop livestock disappearing down the hole. Said to have been used by smugglers.
On the western side of the island there are many similar caves and arches. I found a number of natural bridges across steep narrow chasms right at the north western tip – in one case a double bridge, something I had never seen before.
Arches and bridges over a steep natural chasm. The bridge in the middle distance is actually a double arch.
As I walked west the sky became thick with those gulls again. I was approaching their breeding grounds. I felt a bit like a cross between David Attenborough and an extra in The Birds, as I skirted around the edge trying as much as possible not to disturb them but at the same time wanting to observe close up this rare experience.
Gull colony with the cliffs of the north west tip of the island in the distance.
Gulls take to the air over the Napoleonic Tower
To my untrained eye there seemed to be two species of gull sharing the same nesting sites. I later identified them as Herring Gulls and Lesser Black-backed Gulls.
Herring Gulls and their chicks
A Lesser Black-backed Gull in flight
An oyster catcher
There were two distinct colonies with thousands in each. One was on exposed rocks with nests on little remnant vegetated patches or just on the bare rock and the other, some distance away with extensive burrows in a field. The dowdy chicks still unable to fly and with their distinctive grey, brown and cream down, scampered across the rocks or hid in their burrows abandoned momentarily by their parents to try and distract me. The more confident ones standing on the cliff edge dreaming of the day they would fly.
Gull eggs. Here they are in a nest but often they are laid on the bare rock.
Two Herring Gull chicks. Ready for their first flight?
Herring gull chick taking refuge in a burrow
I was endlessly fascinated watching this seething mass but there was more to see. Not far away was the tell tale silhouette of a Napoleonic signal tower, so I headed there.
Bearing a superficial resemblance to a Tower House, many call these structures 'castles'. They are not. They are a part of a network of towers built between 1804 and 1806 as a response to the threat of invasion by the French. There were around 80 towers built along the west and south coast from Malin Head all the way to Dublin. Each cost £3,000 to build.
The idea was that they were within sight of each other (theoretically! Irish weather not withstanding) and in this way a message could be transmitted using flags and black balls on a tall wooden mast. Following Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo in 1815, the towers fell into disuse. Though solidly constructed many are now crumbling ruins. This one though has many typical architectural features preserved and seems to have been one of the better built ones.
Sea cliffs with caves and bridges and the Napoleonic Tower
The western coast of the Island
It is a handsome building with solid mortared stone walls built of local shale and sandstone but with window surrounds of cut and dressed limestone. Other highlights such as the fire places, the elegant window surrounds and the observation platform buttresses were also of this limestone. Some features were also constructed of red brick. The walls were rendered in a cement with a lot of shell grit The walls were covered inside and out with a mortar of the same material, though only a little remains. The external walls were covered with overlapping slate tiles of which only those on the north-east wall have partially survived. The limestone, bricks and mortar would have been imported to the island. Internally you can see remnants of timber lintels and floor joists. Again presumably imported onto the island. There are many names and dates scratched into the mortar with elegant script and though largely illegible now, most seem to date from the 1800s.
Napoleonic Watch Tower
Red bricks and limestone block were used for some parts
Mortar with shell grit
Fireplace on the Ground Floor
Remains of the timber joists for the first floor
Names carved into the mortar
More graffiti
Elegant limestone detail on the window surrounds
The building was faced with overlapping slate tiles. They have only survived on the protected face.
The whole is surrounded by a very solid wall in similar style to the tower and a stone out building. It is perched on the top of a cliff on the highest point on the island and in sight of the Hag's Head tower to the north and Loop Head (tower now gone) to the south.
Entrance gate and wall surrounding the tower.
These towers are a reminder of the fear that would have engulfed Britain and its colonies at the time and the incredible effort that nations would go to to protect their borders. It is truly remarkable to think that 80 of these towers were built in a two year period in some of the remotest places you could imagine.
My day was rapidly coming to an end. To get back to the pick up point I had to cross a wide expanse of meadow and in places, bog. But first I headed out to the headland at the southern end of the island. Something drew me there. I think it was the cormorants at the point but on the way I pondered a rubbly ridge of stone on the landward side of the headland. Later I discovered this is believed to be the site of an ancient Promontory Fort possibly Bronze Age. You can clearly see this rocky ridge on the google image.
Rocky rubble possibly representing the wall of a promontory fort at the southern tip of the island
Google image of the promontory fort You can see the break where the rubble in the photo above is.
No one really knows what these were used for. But they may have been some sort of lookout. This would suggested habitation before the time of Christianity. St Senan was said to have built a monastery here before going to Scattery. So we are confident it was lived on in the 7th century. Records suggest four monks had an oratory here. It is common for oratories to have a circular wall and there is such a wall at the eastern side of the island. Was this the site of the oratory, long since gone?
Google image showing part of a circular wall which may have been the site of St Senan's oratory. The hole to the north of this is Poul Tabach.
The circular wall and much later ruined cottages.
It would seem the island is getting smaller as Samuel Lewis in his 1837 book on Clare gives it an area of 210 acres, down now to 185 acres. Historically however it may have been much, much bigger. The island is referred to in The Annals of the Four Masters, (a compilation of Irish history up to 1616) as Fitha Island which included the now separate islands of Mutton Island, Inismattle and Roanshee. This source states that Fitha was connected to the mainland until in 804AD "the sea swelled so high that it burst its boundaries, overflowing a large tract of country and drowning over 1,000 persons." This is now presumed to have been a tidal wave and it is speculated that it may have been responsible for separating the islands from the mainland. Geologically, this would be pretty unlikely if the connection was of sandstones and shales, however it is plausible, given the extensive glacial deposits still on the island, that if these unconsolidated sediments were the connection with the mainland, then such an event may well have removed some of these deposits. As storm events today still do.
In fact the water between Mutton island and Quilty is very shallow. Anthony, my ferryman, told me that they used to walk cattle across on very low Spring tides. As we returned on the boat he showed me the 'road' that lies at the ocean bottom visible in the clear water just couple of metres below. In these very low tides water will reach your knees suitable for cattle. A couple of days later I visited the Seafield shore to see whether I could find it. Sure enough there is a ramp of sorts visible at low tide and in the photo below you can see the trace of the submerged roadway, highlighted in the evening light. It turns out it is in fact clearly visible also on the google satellite image.
View from Quilty to Mutton Island. The ramp to the left is the start of the 'roadway' and you can see its trace continuing to the eastern end of the island. You can also see it in the first photo of this blog.
A google image showing the shadow of the roadway at the eastern end.
The island would have had many stories to tell. A ship, the Sao Marcos, from the Spanish Armada, is said to have run aground in 1588 with sailors buried on the island, and it was used extensively by smugglers in later years who took advantage of its many caves. During the days of the Sinn Fein courts, which operated outside the British justice system, it was used as a detention camp.
Further evidence of habitation is in the ruins of some cottages on the south eastern side of the island. It is believed that up to a dozen families lived here in the 19th century, the population peaking in the 1920s. They fished, harvested seaweed, grew potatoes and vegetables, and as the island's name suggests kept livestock. 'Mutton Island' is said to derive from the quality of the meat, flavored by the lush grasses and herbs that the sheep dined on.
Ruins of the village on the island. A home now for the starlings
People lived on the island seasonally until late in the 20th century. One resident led a hermit-like existence there until the mid 50s, living summer and winter for four years. Quite remarkable when you think about it.
As I walked around I saw signs of more recent human activity however. Some fencing. Lobster pots, the remains of a motor vehicle? I had heard a report that one of the residents of the island had built a raft and freighted a Ford Anglia to the island. Was this it?
Recent fencing
An abandoned lobser pot
Is the the wreck of the Ford Anglia?
Is this the the wreck of the Ford Anglia?
Mutton island is an island of mystery. I have talked about the archaeological heritage but what about this? I found yhis unique figure in the thick grass around the Napoleonic Tower. Made from the red bricks used in the tower construction. Is it the oldest example of an iconographic emoticon? Predating the digital age by two centuries?
Archaeological heritage? An early emoji.
And then there's this. A crop circle?
A crop circle?
There is a wide variety of vegetation. No trees. That's a given, but grasslands, bogland and in places thick growth of thistles and cow parsley that comes up to your chest. Not easy to walk through especially given the hidden rabbit holes!
Fields thick with cow parsley.
Bog cotton
For now the island is populated by rabbits, rats, seals and reportedly goats (though I didn't see any, so that population may have died out). Doesn't sound appealing but all the land mammals were introduced from the mainland and are happy in this people-less place. Even less appealing perhaps were the colonies of midges. But, you know, they weren't interested in me in the least. They were quite happy to dine out on the sweet nectar of the cow parlsey flower.
Midges on a cow parlsey flower head. That's a normal fly for scale.
The island is privately owned and changed hands many times of late. At one time it was owned by the DuPont corporation who thought that it would make a perfect terminal for shipping the oil that was discovered west of Aran Islands. Luckily that plan fell through! An American bought it then and he had grand plans but couldn't get permission for a pier.
It is a bird sanctuary now and this gives it protection, to some degree, from such avaricious planning decisions, so hopefully it will be there to be enjoyed by those willing to take the trouble and time to get there and who respect its cultural value to Ireland.
This is as it should be.
Around 5 pm Anthony returned in that little red boat, this time finding a shallow beach to pick me up. Reluctantly I re boarded, but the memory of that special place will be permanently etched. Images that will return every time I pull the curtains of my bedroom window to let in the morning light and stare across at that proud rock.
The ferryman returns to collect me
An excellent four part radio series about Mutton Island was made by Raidió Corca Baisicinn in 2016 It's worth listening to. You can find it at http://rcb.ie/mutton-island/
Categories: My Journey, Real Ireland, Wild Ireland	| Tags: archaeology, Atlantic, balck-backed gull, bird colony, black backed gull, breeding colony, breeding site, cave, Clare, Herring gull, Ireland, island, midges, Mutton Island, Napoleonic, promontory fort, Quilty, ruin, sea arches, sea bridge, sea cave, Seafield, stack, WatchTower, Wild Atlantic Way | 1 Comment
One thought on "Mutton Island. A Clare Treasure."
Kathy Christie
Wonderful pictures and story about Mutton Island! Weird question, did it smell from all the bird feces? The island off of Edinburgh in Scotland is covered with birds and when we opened the car window the smell was unbelievable! Thank you for sharing your adventure!
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Yankees warn Aaron Judge about tampering after Manny Machado comment
Yankees right fielder Aaron Judge talked about Orioles shortstop Manny Machado after they played against each other in a spring game on Wednesday in Sarasota, Fla. (Butch Dill | USA TODAY Sports)
By Randy Miller | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com
SARASOTA, Fla. -- Yankees right fielder Aaron Judge probably was half-joking and half-serious Wednesday when he told Baltimore Oriole shortstop Manny Machado that he'd "look good in pinstripes, too."
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Since we've no place to go. . .
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Without it, the holidays are bleak; the low pressure that bears down on our hemispheric weather systems depresses us.
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When I was a child, I began each year at this time to pray for snow.
In those days I believed that a white Christmas had the power to save the world.
All the songs supported me.
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SERVICE-AND-SACRIFICE
Service & Sacrifice: HonorAir Surprise
Jerry Rabern joined the Air Force in 1967 and served during the war in Vietnam.
Author: John Becker
During a Veterans Day assembly at North Middle School in Lenoir City, one teacher was shocked to hear his name called.
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What one person influenced you most in life? My Father He showed respect to everyone.
Do you feel honored and respected for serving your country? I do now Not so much when when I returned from Southeast Asia.
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Does your family have a history of military service? Yes, my family does have a history both great great grandfathers fought for the Union during the Civil War my father and his two brothers were in WWII my father in law also was in WWII my oldest son served in the army
Would you encourage younger generations in your family to join the service? Yes
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Climate Finance Day 2017
One Planet Summit
Mainstreaming! Event
An eco-friendly event
Former Editions
More speakers to be announced
Download the program of the Climate Finance Day
Conference Moderator
Benoît Leguet, Managing Director,
I4CE-Institute for Climate Economics
Gérard Mestrallet, Chairman of the Board, ENGIE & Chairman, Paris EUROPLACE
Nicolas Hulot, French Minister for the Ecological and Inclusive Transition
Patricia Espinosa, Executive Secretary, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Round table 1
Risks and opportunities related to climate change: transparency and beyond
Considerable progress in recognizing the risks that climate change poses to financial actors and systems has been made over the past two years. Thanks to the FSB Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD, launched at COP21, transparency on these risks and opportunities is now perceived as a discipline that must be shared by all economic players, including financial actors. How can financial regulators and supervisors contribute to the transition of the economy towards a low carbon model? What is the role of climate-related risks and opportunities in the strategy of major players in finance?
Moderated by Christian Thimann, Axa Group, Vice chair, Task-force on Climate Financial Disclosures (TCFD) & Chair, European High Level Expert Group on sustainable finance (HLEG)
Wrap-up speech: Anne Le Lorier, First Deputy-Governor, Banque de France
Ma Jun, Special Advisor to the Governor, People's Bank of China (PBoC) & Chairman, Green Finance Committee of China Society for Finance and Banking
A new deal between finance and the real economy
Beyond an integration of climate-related issues within the strategy and business of financial institutions, climate change creates new demands between the financial sector and economic players. Investors and their asset managers are increasingly engaging with companies in order to take climate change into account in their business strategies and models. Conversely, companies wish to be accompanied in their low carbon strategies and projects. The growth of green financial products and services has been unprecedented in recent years, but they often remain niche products and services. This round table will highlight innovative best practices to accelerate and scale up this type of funding.
Introduction by Ségolène Royal, Former Minister, COP 21 President, Special Envoy for International Solar Alliance
Moderated by Philippe Zaouati, CEO, Mirova & Chair, Finance for Tomorrow
Lionel Zinsou, Chairman, African Investors Network for Climate
Renewal of public-private cooperation
The economics of low-carbon technologies continue to improve. However, their deployment remains hampered by barriers, risks and costs that limit their access to financing. To accelerate the low-carbon transition, new public-private cooperation is developing. This cooperation depends on political support and on the strategic use of public policies and finance to mobilize private money more effectively. This round table will highlight the most promising initiatives to deliver public priorities, support the market and address the challenges of adaptation to and mitigation of climate change.
Moderated by Barbara Buchner, Executive Director, Climate Finance program - Climate Policy Initiative & Director, Climate Finance Lab
Bertrand Piccard, Initiator & Chairman, Solar Impulse Foundation
Michael R. Bloomberg, Chair, Task Force for Climate-Related Financial Disclosures
- Bruno Le Maire, French Minister for the Economy and Finance
- Per Bolund, Swedish Minister for Financial Markets and Consumer Affairs
Join our free mailing list
Contact : climatefinanceday@paris-europlace.com
This website will be regularly updated


text:
Uripao is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae. Its only species, Uripao albizonata, is found in Sierra Leone. Both the genus and the species were first described by George Hampson in 1926.

References

Calpinae
Monotypic moth genera

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We were lucky enough to attend this event in 2002 and now our wines will be there.
The voluptuous wines that so characterize the California style step down from their throne in this exploration of terroir-driven natural wines. The Golden State is host to a quiet yet tenacious new renaissance evolving outside of the hallowed zones of Napa and Sonoma. Maverick winemakers are emerging throughout the state to produce wines that have been steadily changing the viticultural landscape for the last 10 years. From the Sierra foothills to the heart of the urban Bay Area, American winegrowers are throwing off the shackles of traditional California winemaking by embracing unfamiliar varietals and methods, and striving to present a clear sense of place via the contents of your glass.
Berkeley Winery in Napa? Oui, Cadet.


The designs will be drawn as a flat CAD showing front and back views. Designs will be delivered in Black and white sketch format unless specified pantone colours, textures or graphics are given (additional cost may be incurred).
I specialise in Sportswear (technical and casual), trend driven fashion as well as casuals for both men and women.
The sketch will not show any cutting or constructions details.


If Japanese synonyms of "electronic camera" or "electronic still camera" or "digital still camera" etc. are included in the searches, number of patent documents containing these key word strings are few times more than that for Japanese synonym of "digital camera". Japan is the leading country in digital camera development since 80s' and is also the leading country in intellectual property protection in this field, as can be seen from the huge number of patents filed in this area.
In search for a digital camera with a unique parameter setting feature, a combination of full text and class is preferred. For example, Japanese key word strings "諸元+ 仕様+ パラメータ" can be used as the first set of search terms, and "エレクトロニック・イメージング+ 電子画像 +デジタルカメラ+ デジカメ +デジタル画像+ デジタルイメージング+ 電子スチルビデオカメラ +電子スチルカメラ +電子カメラ" can be used as the second search term. As for classes to be used, we suggest to cover a wide scope, such as using (H04N5/ +G06F3/+ G06T1/ +G09G5/ +G11B5/ +G11C7/).
With the suggested strategy mentioned above, 500 - 1000 hits may be generated if the period is limited to prior to 1996, or 1,000 - 2,500 hits may be produced if the period is expanded to prior to 2010. 1,000 - 2,500 hits are too big to be screened and reviewed, therefore, another set of key word strings should be used to remove noise.
Recommended database to be used in digital camera search includes NRI and Patolis.
To find prior art for digital camera-related patent infringement litigation, Japanese patent documents stored at JPO should be looked.
© Gongwell Services Inc. All rights reserved.


Stocks, Forex, Futures & News Join the hundreds of thousands that are using the INVESTING.com app every day to stay on top of financial markets. The world's leading financial app for smartphones and mini tablets delivers real-time, streaming quotes for all financial instruments including Stocks, ETFs, Bonds, Commodities, Forex, Indices, Futures and Bitcoin.
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We provide Stocks, Forex, Futures News v4.5 APK 4.5 file for Android 2.3 and up or Blackberry (BB10 OS) or Kindle Fire and many Android Phones such as Sumsung Galaxy, LG, Huawei and Moto. Stocks, Forex, Futures News v4.5 APK is a free G Apps.
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"Jen is fantastic to work with! She eliminates the mystery and pressure around weight loss, and I feel like I've had a partner in my corner, supporting my efforts. She's given me the specific tools and guidance I needed to lose, and now manage, my weight. What I particularly love about her program is the very healthy and manageable food plan— it's not at all complicated or hard to follow, it's gimmick-free, and I don't struggle with hunger. Instead, I am enjoying what I eat, I feel satiated, and I'm having healthy, nutritious foods that are all-around good-for-me— all while also losing weight.
The one-on-one check-ins are great for answering detailed questions on the food plans, recipe ideas, and just general support and accountability. While losing weight, I experimented with and tried tons of new foods (and I'm now a master of making delicious daily smoothies). Making and enjoying new foods was an unexpected perk of it all. In fact, I'm enjoying food more than ever. Jen provides great guidance for day-to-day realities, like how to plan for a vacation—including how to stay on-plan, specific travel-friendly snacks, plans to purposely veer off-plan (because it's vacation!), and getting back into your routine when you're back. I also like that Jen looks at the whole picture— what you eat, stress, exercise, cycle ups-and-downs, and motivation.
"I've had the pleasure of working with Coach Jennifer for over 9 years. Losing and keeping off 70 lbs was something I was unable to do long term prior to working with her. She is extremely knowledgeable, and her coaching approach is non-judgmental and, with her help on all things food and life, she helped me get healthy by getting real with food.
"I am a 50+ young woman – actually pushing the next "big one!" I love exercise. I love eating healthy. I am not, and never have been, naturally thin! I managed for 50 years to keep in the healthy range though, but somewhere past that 50 years old mark, I wasn't just 10 pounds over my "wedding day" weight, but was approaching 20 pounds over and try as I did, the weight wasn't coming off. It wasn't FAIR! Enter Jennifer Anthony! I took advantage of the free consultation with her and what she said seemed to make some sense. I always paid attention to calories, fat and fiber. Not so much protein or sugar. I certainly didn't think I was addicted to sugar as I never had candy bars or sodas. And protein only added extra calories to my healthy salads, right? But, I'd give it a try. I really was going to be thrilled to lose 10 pounds. I'm sure you've guessed that I get to share a success story.
From following Jennifer's program and consulting with her regularly, I lost 20 pounds and have been within 5 pounds of my goal 95% of the time since I started 8 years ago! The "ups" (injuries and vacations!) are always followed by "downs" (on the scales) because I'm never far from getting back on track with her. Having this amazing food plan (it is *not* a diet!) and accountability and friendship with Jennifer, I don't stress (much) about a couple of vacation pounds since I'm confident they'll come off again when I focused. The routine that Jennifer and I have is working amazingly well with the online journaling and FaceTime every other week. I'm finding it easy to be accountable, 7 days a week, knowing that my Coach was checking in!
Jennifer knows her stuff and keeps up to date with all the newest research, including fads, which I personally love understanding. I'm forever indebted to her for suggesting a more precise cholesterol test when my lab numbers were surprisingly high. I asked my Dr (who probably should have volunteered this option before suggesting meds!!) and he ordered the test – which indicated I was in the clear! One additional added benefit - my family (which includes two teens) has adopted many of the "new" healthy habits that I've formed. I look forward to many more months and years sharing my daily life with Jen -- new recipes and nutritional information, new challenges, many successes and a happy and healthy routine. I most certainly feel younger than I did when I was 50!"
"Words cannot describe how much Jen has changed my holistic approach to life! You know a change is significant - and needed - when every week your significant other reminds you to thank Jen on his behalf, too!
Making a healthy lifestyle a PERMANENT part of me has been huge during my time working with Jen - and the best part is, it doesn't feel like a chore; instead it's a sense of pride. I've learned to be kind to myself not only physically through healthy eating and exercise, but also to mentally give myself a break! The skills Jen teaches go beyond just physical health - she really looks at you from a holistic standpoint, and is so kind, understanding, and brilliantly insightful as she helps you develop a lasting plan for you!
I've lost 35 pounds so far working with Jen, and I'm not done yet! For the first time in years I feel GOOD about myself, and proud of myself for doing something just for ME. Thank you Jen!! <3"
"I started working with Jennifer Lesyna approximately 3 years ago; and with her help as a lifestyle coach and nutritionist, she helped to achieve a loss of 115 pounds (yes, one hundred and fifteen pounds). She has an amazing talent to inspire, to identify problem areas and does so with love and compassion because she has "been there". Weight issues are more than just what you eat. There are emotional, psychological, and physiological issues that can cause weight gain and other eating disorders. I came to Jennifer with a lot of skepticism as I had tried everything and I mean EVERYTHING not only diets but pills and surgery. Jennifer literally changed my life. I cannot thank her enough for all her help. I would highly recommend her if you are looking to lose weight or just want to get into good eating habits."
"I have been working with Jennifer for the last 16 months and it has been a very positive experience. She taught me many valuable tools for my approach to eating, especially in maintaining a positive attitude toward lifelong good choices. More than any other weight loss program I have tried, I have seen success in focusing on protein and lots of veggies and when I continually re-commit to minimizing sugar, I feel great! When I falter, I just get back on plan with her encouraging suggestions."
"I have been working with Jen for not quite 2 years (known for way longer). She constantly provides support, feedback, and creative ideas to help you. Jen has gone out of her way to research options for me when faced with complex dietary restrictions. Not only has Jen helped me lose weight, but more importantly, successfully meet my fitness goal of completing an Ironman. I highly recommend Jen to anyone looking to make a lifestyle change."
"As a 17 year old, it was very hard for me to tell myself that I needed the assistance of a nutritionist as I am extremely hard on myself and had this weird perception that my young age meant that I was supposed to be able to do this on my own. I look back and laugh on this hesitancy as Jennifer has provided me with more comfort, guidance, and motivation than I could have ever asked for. With her guidance, I not only changed the way that I was eating, but the way that I was thinking and acting as well. I learned to stop focusing on calories and instead to focus on portion size and what category (i.e. vegetables, proteins, fruits...etc) of food that I was eating, which is really what separated my experience here from a diet, because I was able to continue eating the food that I love while still seeing the results that I desired. She tracked my progress both by weight and by loss of inches around my body, which allowed me to be proud of myself (something that I never thought was possible) in multiple ways, which continuously encouraged me to continue working towards my goals. She sculpted and continuously adapted a nutrition plan that not only kept my body satisfied, but significantly increased my energy levels throughout the day. She taught me that weight loss is so much more than the food that enters our body, and helped me manage my time in order to incorporate adequate amounts of sleep as well as significant exercise into my busy lifestyle. I am so lucky to have worked with Jennifer, and I will carry everything that I learned from her for the rest of my life."
"I love working with Jen! She guided me with her great expertise, deeply caring attitude, and wonderful motivational style to release 23 pounds and I feel confident that I can maintain that loss in the future. Jen really walks her talk! She shared her own weight loss and healthy lifestyle journey and it was a wonderful guideline for my discovering my own balance. I highly recommend Jen as a weight loss coach and healthy lifestyle guide. Her energy, deep caring, and motivational style is priceless!"
"Working with Jennifer is truly a pleasure. She is kind and a genuinely lovely person - but most importantly, she knows what she's talking about. Jennifer helped me create sustainable and easy to follow routines that made me feel better, and quickly."
Join the hundreds of other women who have worked with me in creating sustainable and life long changes to their nutrition and lifestyle in order to live your best life yet.
Learn more about my programs and contact me to get started!


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Q: Segmentation fault when using malloc and realloc with arrays I'm fairly new to c and I'm trying to understand and grasp malloc. My program takes an integer x input, then loops until x is met while also taking other integer inputs. I then do various calculations. However I'm getting a segmentation fault and I don't understand why.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{

    calculations();
}

void calculations()
{

    int i;
    int x;
    int total = 0;
    double squareRoot;
    double overall;

    scanf("%d", &x);

    int* array = malloc(x * sizeof(int));

    if (!array) {
        printf("There isn't enough memory \n");
        return;
    }

    int c = 0;

    while (c < x) {

        scanf("%d", &array[i]);

        total = array[i] * array[i];
        c++;
    }

    squareRoot = sqrt(total);
    array = realloc(array, x * sizeof(int));

    int b = 0;

    while (b < x) {

        overall = array[i] / squareRoot;
        printf("%.3f ", overall);

        b++;
    }
}

A: The problem is with
 scanf("%d", &array[i])

where, the value of i is indeterminate.
To elaborate, i is an uninitialized local variable and unless initialized explicitly, the contents remain indeterminate. Attempt to use that value, in this scenario, would lead to invokes undefined behavior.
Even if you initialize i, you never operated on i, so all the changes will be overwritten on a fixed index. You got to take care of this case, too.
Solution: Looking at the code, it appears, you may want to use
scanf("%d", &array[c]);

instead.


Cities you served in: Mendefera; there are no cities in the Solomons!
just started an RPCV group here in Ithaca.
went to Solomonn Islands for another volunteer assignment.
Hope you all are well in the states or wherever you are.
Work Description: Community dev./Health Ed.
the novelty wears off quick! Enjoy your service time & use it wisely!
1987 Worked for EPA in Washington, DC. 1988-89 Technical Advisor to Marshall Islands EPA in Honiara. 1990 moved to Honolulu. 1992-present working as forester, State of Hawaii.
Perhaps some of tthe best days of my life.
History teacher in Minneapolis and Rochester, Minnesota. Remarried. One child born in 2002.
Spent several years in Japan. MBA in International Business from the University of Southern California. Currently a Senior Credit Executive with Union Bank of California.
What a great time of my life! However, I sad to read about the Solomon Islands continuing problems.
Any RPCV who served in the Solomons, particularly during the yrs from 1978 ~ 1980.
I went directly from the Peace Corps to graduate school at Yale. I am now in the investment management business outside of Chicago. I have six kids.
Any of the gang from the training group headed by RPCV Gordon Murray. Our Director was Duane Beard.
I am looking for Peace Corps friends from USA serving in Makira (Kira Kira) 1988- 1990. They were Billy Wasser, Chicago,(Water Engineer, Makira prov) and Ron Parkel, Administrator Makira Prov.
I would appreciate to be in touch again with this two old friends.


Some trails are rich in history. Sometimes the history is many centuries old. The Oasapegal Heritage Park in Pabineau First Nation is a small park near the mouth of Pabineau River where it flows into the Nepsiquit. Historically Pabineau River was called Oasapegal which means "flowing brightly" in Mi'gmag. The site of the park has been a sacred heritage site for the Mi'gmag for many centuries. For more information go to Pabineau First Nation – Oasapegal Heritage Park.
I first saw the sign for Oasapegal Park in January on my way to Pabineau Falls. I am always amazed that after all these year's I continue to find more trails around the province. I took a picture of the sign but couldn't see any sign of the trails under all the snow. I continued on to photograph Pabineau Falls under ice. I noted the location of the new park sign for my next visit.
I was driving from Bathurst to Miramichi on Friday and had a bit of time. I decided to check out Pabineau Falls and the park. The snow was still melting so I figured Pabineau Falls would be flowing full. I went around the turn on Pabineau Falls Road that's just before the bridge that crosses Pabineau River. The park sign was still there and I could now see trail signs and benches. I parked in front of the start of the trail.
The trail split in 3 different directions so I chose the one to the left that went down towards the river. The river was high and you could see it was over its banks, but the trail was still above the waterline. The other side of the river was a steep hill. I followed the trail along the river passing several new benches made out of Aspen logs. Just around the turn I came to a trail junction.
I continued for a short distance and came to a floating boardwalk. It was tied to two trees that crossed a small side stream that came from the overflowing river. I had to jump onto the floating boardwalk but it kept me above water. I also had to jump off at the other end. After a short distance the trail crossed back through the small stream to a staircase up and out of the floodplain. This time there was no floating boardwalk and I couldn't cross without getting wet so I had to turn back.
I returned to the trail junction and went back towards the car. There were several small bridges built over wet parts of the trail. Once back at the car I took the trail farthest to the right. It was on an old road or ATV trail. It returned back towards the stream to the other side of the trail underwater. There were several piles of poplar logs piles in neat piles across the trail. It looked as though someone had piled there firewood in the trail. I assume it was to keep ATV's out.
Once I got closer to the stream I noticed that there was another trail on my left between the ATV Trail and the stream. I mapped it all out with the GPS and then continued on the trail upstream. I stopped to take pictures of a small greyish-brown bird. He would pose for me on a branch but always with his back to me.
I continued on and soon came to the end of the trail where a steep hill on my right came to meet the stream. Either the trail climbed up the steep hill or it was the end of the trail. As I got further I found out that it was the end of the trail. At the end of the trail there was a small set of stairs that descended the river's edge. At this location there was a small rock shelf that crossed the river making a small waterfall. Above the rock ledge the river meandered around a turn to the left going out of site.
I took several pictures of the river and the rock shelf and then I was on my way. I was happy to see the small bits of green poking up through the old dead leaves. It meant that spring had finally arrived. In another week or two this river valley would be lush with green and spring would be in full bloom.
I returned to the car and headed to the Miramichi to pick up the kids. Pabineau Falls would have to wait for another day. I was lucky to find some time on this beautiful, warm, spring day to take a walk in this steep river valley. Thinking about the deep history of the area made it all the more special.


White Americans are more likely than black Americans to have used most kinds of illegal drugs, including cocaine, marijuana and LSD. Yet blacks are far more likely to go to prison for drug offenses. If you find that you have been charged with drug offenses, it might be a good idea to find someone like this philadelphia criminal lawyer, however, depending on where you live there are different lawyers out there for you to use.
This discrepancy forms the backdrop of a new legislative proposal in California, which aims to reduce the disproportionate incarceration of black people in the state. Supporters of the bill, SB 649, point to some striking national data.
Nearly 20 percent of whites have used cocaine, compared with 10 percent of blacks and Latinos, according to a 2011 survey from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration — the most recent data available.
Higher percentages of whites have also tried hallucinogens, marijuana, pain relievers like OxyContin, and stimulants like methamphetamine, according to the survey.Crack is more popular among blacks than whites, but not by much.
Still, blacks are arrested for drug possession more than three times as often as whites, according to a 2009 report from the advocacy group Human Rights Watch.
Of the 225,242 people who were serving time in state prisons for drug offenses in 2011, blacks made up 45 percent and whites comprised just 30 percent, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Jamie Fellner, author of the Human Rights Watch report, offered an explanation for this discrepancy.
Lawmakers in California hope to blunt that effect. Last week, both houses of the state legislature passed SB 649, which would give judges and prosecutors the option of charging people convicted of drug offenses with misdemeanors instead of felonies. Those offenders could then be sent to substance abuse treatment centers instead of prison or jail.
Supporters of the bill, including its author, state Sen. Mark Leno (D-San Francisco), note that black adults represent one-quarter of all felony drug arrests in California, despite comprising just 5 percent of the state population.
Former prisoners who were convicted of felonies often face steep official barriers to "the very things that are needed to keep one successful in recovery," he added — namely, education, housing and employment.
The federal government can deny public housing assistance to anyone who has been convicted of a felony drug offense. Students who have been convicted of drug possession are barred from receiving federal financial aid and substantial education tax credits. And employers often require applicants to disclose their criminal histories, despite a growing nationwide movement to ban that practice.
Not all drug offenses in California automatically result in felony charges. Methamphetamine, LSD and certain other drugs are known as "wobblers," meaning that possession of those drugs can be charged as a felony or a misdemeanor. The new bill would basically extend this "wobbler" approach to heroin, cocaine and most other drugs. Blacks use heroin and cocaine more than they use meth and LSD, which are primarily used by whites.
In recent years, states from New York to Texas have adopted reforms that resemble SB 649, and leaders across the political spectrum have pushed for changes to the country's drug sentencing policies. In August, Attorney General Eric Holder announced that the Justice Department would no longer pursue mandatory minimum sentences for certain low-level drug offenders, citing "shameful" racial disparities in the criminal justice system.
Yet some drug reform advocates worry that Gov. Jerry Brown (D) might not sign the California measure, noting that he has often seemed reluctant to embrace progressive criminal justice policies.
Like other reforms aimed at reducing California's prison population, SB 649 could help relieve the state's budgetary woes, supporters say. Drug sentencing policies are widely blamed for the enormous size and costs of the country's prison systems. And few prison systems are bigger or more expensive than California's.
At the height of America's war on drugs, from the 1980s through the mid-2000s, more than 20 prisons opened in California, compared with just 12 between 1852 and 1984. California's prison population increased more than fivefold in the later decades, and prisons now cost the state's taxpayers close to $10 billion a year.
Kevin Morgan; "Local Author Announces New Book Project"


text:
Home » About Us » Our History
Founded in 1999, The Parkinson Alliance is a national nonprofit organization, created in partnership with The Tuchman Foundation (see below). It was formed to foster philanthropic activities to raise funds for the most promising Parkinson's disease research that will help find the cure. Together with the Parkinson's Unity Walk, we have funded over $30 million in research since our founding.
Prior to the founding of the Alliance, Margaret Tuchman, diagnosed with Parkinson's disease at age 38, and her entrepreneur husband, Martin (Marty), had long been deeply involved in the community. They were among several key grassroots advocates from around the country who worked tirelessly to help pass the Morris K. Udall Parkinson's Research Act of 1997, that authorized increased funding for Parkinson's research and created the Morris K. Udall Centers of Excellence at the NIH.
Yet the slow pace of the legislative process to release these funds was frustrating, and it motivated Martin to apply fundamental business practices to accelerate the flow of dollars into the hands of researchers. Marty and Margaret both believed that they could play a role in awarding promising researchers the "seed" funds necessary to compete effectively for larger National Institutes of Health grants.
Because of its strong business orientation, The Parkinson Alliance was soon asked to assume responsibility for the Unity Walk, the largest single-day community fundraising event which takes place each spring in New York City's Central Park. The Alliance has also assumed responsibility for Team Parkinson, a well-known fundraising organization on the West Coast led by John and Edna Ball as an official charity of the Los Angeles Marathon.
Today, The Parkinson Alliance stands as an umbrella organization for the Unity Walk, Team Parkinson and other fundraising events held around the country. Taken together, we have funded over $30 million in research since our founding.
In addition to funding promising research, The Parkinson Alliance is also devoted to improving the quality of life in the PD community through informational means. In the early 2000s, as a way of keeping the PD community connected and informed, Margaret Tuchman founded DBS4PD.org to fill the gap in knowledge about the newly developed Deep Brain Stimulation therapy for PD. This highly successful web-based neighborhood was designed to conduct patient surveys that obtain the "patient's perspective" and gives a voice to the individuals with PD, along with providing scientific articles.
With DBS now considered standard treatment for the right candidates, this information is now included in The Parkinson Alliance's overall website, reflecting its commitment to patient-centered outcomes research. We strongly believe that the perspective of those affected by Parkinson's is essential to improving quality of life. As a result, we conduct patient-focused research through survey instruments on issues fundamental to quality of life: such as sleep, falls and speech. In addition, the Alliance periodically holds consensus conferences, that convene experts in the field to discuss optimal therapies or approaches to therapeutic issues.
About The Tuchman Foundation
The Tuchman Foundation was created in 1995 by Martin Tuchman, a successful entrepreneur, with a long history of philanthropy in education, and community endeavors, as well as the longstanding support of The Parkinson Alliance.
The Foundation supports scholarships at Seton Hall University, Trenton Catholic Academy, and an endowed chair at The New Jersey Institute of Technology, resulting in the naming of the Tuchman School of Management at NJIT. Other numerous philanthropic endeavors also include the Trenton Area Soup Kitchen, and major support for the YingHua International School in Kingston, NJ, to advance bilingual (Chinese and English) education.
Among his many public positions, Mr. Tuchman served on the United Nations Business Council, and the Board of Trustees and Board of Overseers of NJIT.
He is also on the Boards of the American Cancer Society of Mercer County and the Trenton Area Soup Kitchen. In addition, Tuchman serves as Advisor on National Security to Congresswoman Carolyn B. Maloney of the 14th Congressional District.
He has received numerous honors including Entrepreneur of the Year by Ernst & Young, the Hero medal at The Smithsonian Institute, and the naming of The Martin Tuchman School of Management at NJIT.
Download a PDF version of our brochure.


text:
L'etiqueta de vi és l'ornament de paper enganxat a l'ampolla de vi i on es dona la informació pel consumidor. Les indicacions poden arribar a ser complexes i a molts països estan estrictament reglamentades. A més, pel seu disseny i varietat és un objecte de col·leccionisme.

L'etiqueta principal sol ser quadrada, no inferior a 10 cm² i pot estar acompanyada d'altres etiquetes menors:
 l'etiqueta de sota, és una etiqueta menuda i estreta situada just sota l'etiqueta principal;
 la contraetiqueta, és una etiqueta situada a la part oposada de l'etiqueta principal on hi sol haver informació addicional, com ara el procés de cupatge, la nota de tast o l'aval del consell regulador de la denominació d'origen;
 la càpsula, és el revestiment de full d'estany que cobreix la boca i el tap de l'ampolla per protegir el vorell i com a ornament;
 el collarí, és una faixa de paper que recobreix la part inferior de la càpsula, en forma d'anella, i que sol portar imprès el nom de la casa elaboradora;
 el segell, és una etiqueta menuda col·locada al pit de l'ampolla de xampany per indicar el tipus de xampany o cava;
 l'etiqueta de ferro, és un ornament metàl·lic en forma de medalla que es penja de l'ampolla mitjançant un collar.

Regulació a la Unió Europea
A la Unió Europea la informació que obligatòriament ha de constar a l'etiqueta de les ampolles de vi classificades com vi de la terra o VQPRD és:
 la categoria del vi (vi de la terra, Denominació d'Origen, ...);
 el volum nominal del producte (p. ex. 750 ml);
 el nom i l'adreça de l'embotellador, responsable legal davant del consumidor;
 el grau alcohòlic volumètric total (% vol.) amb un marge de desviació màxim del 0,5%;
 el país d'origen, en cas d'exportació o d'importació.

Les indicacions facultatives són:
 el nom d'altres empreses, diferents de l'embotellador, que hagin intervingut en la comercialització;
 el tipus de producte de forma més específica (vi dolç natural, brut...);
 el color particular (negre, rosat, ...);
 l'anyada,
 les varietats de raïm,
 distincions i medalles atorgades en concursos autoritzats,
 mètode d'elaboració,
 menció tradicional complementària,
 indicació d'embotellatge (en l'explotació vinícola...)

Etiqueta de vi espanyol

A l'etiqueta principal consta la categoria del vi:
 Vi de taula. No porta cap menció a l'origen geogràfic ni a l'anyada.
 Vi de la terra, seguit del nom d'una regió.
 Denominació d'Origen. Està coordinat per l'Institut Nacional de Denominacions d'Origen (INDO) i la gestió està transferida a les Comunitats Autònomes.
 Denominació d'Origen Qualificada, està reservada als vins que responen a uns criteris molt precisos de qualitat i regularitat.
 Vino de Pago, similar al vi de finca o vi de terrer, designa un vi cultivat i produït en un terrer determinat, pertanyent o no a una denominació però amb una qualitat contrastada.
 Vi de finca, o vi de terrer, qualificat: designa un vi d'un terrer que està totalment inclòs en una Denominació d'Origen Qualificada.
Les mencions d'envelliment són regulades de forma precisa, encara que la durada pot variar d'una denominació a una altra:
 Vi novell o jove, o sense criança, és un vi embotellat just després de la clarificació. Si no hi ha cap menció d'envelliment s'entén que és un vi jove.
 Vi de criança. Es comercialitza després d'un envelliment de dos anys, amb un mínim de sis mesos en bótes de roure. Pels blancs i rosats de criança el temps és de divuit mesos.
 Vi de reserva. Els vins negres de reserva han envellit tres anys, amb un mínim d'un en bóta. Pels blancs i rosats el temps és de dos anys, amb sis mesos en bóta.
 Vi de gran reserva. Són els vins d'anyades particularment bones. L'envelliment és de cinc anys amb divuit mesos en bóta. Els blancs i rosats són escassos.
La contraetiqueta porta el segell oficial del Consell Regulador de la Denominació d'Origen, un número d'ordre que permet identificar l'origen de la botella i, sovint, un mapa de la zona o terrer d'origen. També és habitual afegir-hi una nota de tast (test qualitatiu) i un suggeriment de servei o de maridatge.

Etiqueta de vi francès

A França les etiquetes estan detalladament reglamentades i controlades per la Direction général de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des fraudes. Les mencions obligatòries són:
 Categoria: Vin de Table, Vin de Pays, Appellation d'Origine Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure (AOVDQS), Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC). En el cas de vins de taula només consta el nom del país. Els vins de la terra van seguits del nom de la zona geogràfica (p. ex. Vin de pays des Côtes Catalanes). Les denominacions d'origen es poden expressar de dues formes, per exemple, Appellation d'Origene Contrôlée Banyuls o Appellation Banyuls Contrôlée.
 Nom i adreça de l'embotellador. Si ha estat embotellat a la mateixa explotació vinícola pot portar la indicació «mise en bouteille à la propiété/domaine/château...» Si diu «mise en bouteille dans nos chais» o «par nos soins» és un vi de negoci d'un sol productor amb raïm que prové de diferents propietats.
 El contingut. Normalment és de 75 cl, però també es pot trobar mitja botella de 37,5 cl, un màgnum d'1,5 l o un clavelin de 62 l al Jura. A la regió de Bordeus es troben també: marie-jeanne de 2,5 l, doble màgnum de 3 l, jéroboam de 4,5 i imperial de 6 l. A la regió de la Xampanya es pot trobar: un quart de 20 cl, jéroboam de 3 l, réhoboam de 4,5 l, mathusalem de 6 l, salmanazar de 9 l, balthazar de 12 l i nabuchodonosor de 15 l.
 El grau alcohòlic volumètric.
 El nom del país: "Produit de France" o "Produce of France"

Mencions facultatives són:
 L'anyada (millésime)
 El nom de marca. El termes «château», «clos», «abbaye», «domaine» i «mas» són reservats pels vins AOC i han de correspondre a una realitat verificable en el cadastre, excepte en el cas de château (castell) que s'ha convertit en un nom tradicional a la regió de Bordeus on inicialment els millors terrers envoltaven un castell.
 La classificació. Els diferents termes «Cru» són mencions tradicionals jeràrquiques reservades a un nombre limitat de vins i definides per la legislació. Diferents classificacions són:
 A Bordeus, en general: Premier Cru, Deuxième Cru, Troisième Cru, Quatrième Cru i Cinquième Cru.
 Pels bordeus del Médoc: Premier Cru classé a Cinquième Cru classé més Cru bourgeois, Cru bourgeois supérieur i Cru bourgeois exceptionnel.
 Pels bordeus de Pessac-Léognan: Premier Grand Cru i Cru classé.
 Pels bordeus de Sauternes: Premier Cru supérieur, Premier Cru classé i Deuxième Cru classé.
 Pels bordeus de Saint-Émilion: Premier Grand Cru classé i Grand Cru classé.
 Pels vins de Borgonya: Premier Cru i Grand Cru.
 Pels vins d'Alsàcia: Grand Cru.
 Pels vins de Xampanya: Grand Cru, Premier Cru i Second Cru.
 La menció d'una varietat. A França un vi varietal ha de provenir al 100% de la varietat indicada.
 Altres:
 «Vendages manuelles» (verema manual). A algunes regions com la Xampanya i Beaujolais totes les veremes són manuals.
 «Cuvée non filtrée». En lloc d'usar filtres es fa una clarificació per colament airejant el vi i mantenint les aromes.
 «Vieilli en fût (de chêne)»: envellit en bóta (de roure).
 «Cuvée spéciale»: és el vi d'alta gamma d'un productor, però és una menció publicitària no reglamentada.

Etiqueta de vi italià

Les diferents categories reglamentadas són:
 Vino de tavola (vi de taula)
 Indicazione geografica tipica, IGT, equivalent a vi de la terra.
 Denominazione di Origine Controllata, (DOC).
  Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG).
Altres mencions: riserva o vecchio és un vi d'envelliment superior a la mitjana, superiore és un vi més alcohòlic, classico és la zona històrica de la denominació, novello és un vi novell, secco és un vi sec, abbocato és lleugerament dolç, amabile és dolç, liquoroso és un vi de licor, frizzante és un vi d'agulla i spumante és un vi escumós.

Referències
 Petit Larousse des vins, Paris 2005

Enologia
Comerç dels aliments


Below please find both the requirements for eligibility for unemployment benefits in Utah and the very narrow exception in some cases for those enrolled in school. Essentially, you must be able and available to accept full-time employment. If you cannot work and go to school, then it is unlikely that you will be eligible. You should definitely apply though and see what the State decides. Your best scenario are courses that are held during a part of the day where your normal job opportunities would not be. For example, night classes, if your job is a typical day job.
You must have worked and been paid wages for employment in at least two of the base period quarters that are being used.
You must have earned at least $3100 in total wages in the base period and earned 1.5 times the high quarter or have at least 20 weeks of work earning at least $155 each week during the base period. The weeks do not need to be consecutive weeks of employment.
You must be willing to actively seek full-time work.
I was recently off and am expecting to collect unemployment.
I was laided off on December 11, 2009 of closure of my department.


The concept Crime -- Drama represents the subject, aboutness, idea or notion of resources found in Washington County Cooperative Library Services.
Martial Arts : the ultimate collection, Vol. 1-6.
Rookie Blue : The final season.


A man died after being struck by a train in Brierfield.
Officers from the British Transport Police were called to tracks close to Robinson Lane at 4pm on Thursday after receiving reports of the incident.
Paramedics were called to the scene where a 29-year-old man from Burnley was pronounced dead.
A spokesman for the British Transport Police said: "The incident is not being treated as suspicious and a file is being prepared for the coroner.


Whether you bought your guitar for fun or you are using it professionally, you need to take care of it. Guitar manufacturers these days are exerting extra effort to provide quality instruments, so you should do your part by taking care of it properly.
These maintenance tips for your guitar to help you keep it in top condition longer.
Remove the strings only two or three at a time. This will minimize any unexpected change to next tension.
Even if you are not changing the strings, you need to wipe them using a dry lint-free cloth after every session. Keeping the strings clean can extend their lifespan.
Loose the spring slightly if you will clean the strings while still on your guitar and pinch the cloth around the string to remove fretboard and finger dirt.
You don't have to give too much attention to your fretboards. You can do the maintenance two or three times a year. The most important thing is not to alter the natural moisture that the fretboard collects from oils on your fingers.
For a simple rubdown, take the strings off and use a soft, damp (not wet!) cloth. It is not good to have water droplets on your fretboards. Clean as you go down the board and keep the cloth turning so you will not transfer the dirt from one fret to another.
For a very grimy fretboard finish off using a light rub over with extra fine #000 or #0000 steel wool.
When removing grime, cover your guitar's pickups using another cloth. The steel wool's tiny particles will be attracted to the pickup magnets. You definitely do not want that to happen. To avoid this, cover your pickups when cleaning the fret using a steel wool.
Use an old toothbrush to clean up the frets. Use one with a soft bristle.
You may notice some hairline cracks on a dried-out fretboard. You can use a guitar conditioner to remove it. Or you can use one to two drops of oil into the fretboard to condition the parts with cracks. Make sure not to overdo it, and also use a soft, dry cloth to remove excess oil.
You can use special guitar oil, no wax, no silicone and with fewer chemicals. You can use it to oil the board lightly, do this once a year.
There is no need to be too abrasive on your guitar's neck and body. You can do some polishing using a dry cloth, or if it is really dirty, a slightly damp cloth is enough.
You can clean your guitar using specialized products like nitrocellulose lacquer.
Squirt the product on a clean cloth and not directly on the guitar.
Use different cloth for guitar's body and fretboard. This will prevent you from transferring dirt from one part to another.
Never use furniture polish on your guitar. The polished used for furniture will likely seep into the wood and can affect the density and sound.
For bridges, tuners, nuts, and pickups, you do not have to do that much.
You can use a slightly damp cloth in cleaning the bridge, but in the case of hard to remove grime you can use a soft toothbrush.
To polish the metal tuners, you can dab a cloth with glass cleaner.
Pickups may become a bit mucky. Never put moisture near them. Use dry, clean cloth to polish pickup covers.
For blowing away dust, use compressed air spray.
You can also use a quality, soft clean paintbrush to remove the dust before cleaning your guitar.
Never expose the guitar into direct sunlight longer. It can damage and crack your guitar's finish. Wipe it before putting it back in its case.
Keep on top of your guitar's maintenance needs and you'll find it lasting for many years!
This post was written by Alex Frank in association with Music Instruments Center.


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In a sea of top knots, there's been a sudden yet welcome resurgence of polished low bun styles. The idea is to make the style look effortless and put together at the same time. Simply part your hair down the middle and circle the ends right at the nape of your neck, securing them with an elastic band or bobby pins. This simple style can look either elegant or carefree depending on how polished you make your bun. Because low buns look best when they're on the smaller side, this style works best on short and medium hair lengths.
Looking to make a major change? Well, now might be the time to chop it all off! The warmer the weather gets, the more we'll see celebrities sporting short, effortless hairstyles. Models like Karlie Kloss and Kendall Jenner have already started sporting blunt bobs in 2019, veering away from choppy cuts, a move Harpers Bazaar predicts is only going to gain popularity as we delve deeper into spring and summer. What makes a blunt bob the perfect choice this year is that they look great on any face shape and can be easily adjusted to flatter your unique bone structure.
While we've seen the lilac and grey hair trends build over the last year or so, they've never been as popular as they are now that we're deep in spring. Both subtle and unexpected, lilac and grey are trendy hair colors that look wonderful on women of any age. Lilac works best on lighter hair colors, while experts suggest matching your grey color as closely as possible to the natural grey in your hair to ensure it blends in seamlessly with your skin tone.
One glance at the runways this season will tell you that big hair is back (finally!), and the easiest way to capture that trend at home is to focus on your ponytail. While it's hard to go wrong with a sleek ponytail, spring is the perfect time to try lighter, bouncier styles. A classic blowout is typically all you need to achieve this classic look. If your hair is on the straighter side, however, you can easily touch up overly straight pieces with a curling wand.
One of the most noticeable hair trends we've seen this spring is the '90s revival of delicate hair accessories. Gone are the days of butterfly clips, as this renaissance focuses on dainty jewelry and pins that look romantic on any hair type, from pin straight to natural curls. To get the look, simply pull small front pieces of your hair back with a delicate pin.


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Exclusive : Mikael Silvestre Interview
Posted by Yolkie
in: Interviews, Premier League
Mikael Silvestre arrived at Manchester United from Inter Milan in 1999, months after the club won the treble, as cover in defence at both left back and centre half. As one of the more dependable squad players in the Premier League era, Silvestre's career at Old Trafford lasted 9 years, spanning 361 games in all competitions and earning him eleven winners medals.
Silvestre joined Arsenal in the early weeks of the 2008/9 season after a struggle with injuries towards the end of his time at the club, before he moved to Werder Bremen. With his contract freshly expired and a nice holiday to Florida just passed, 7Cantonas founder Yolkie caught up with Mikael to talk about his United career – where he was open about some of the most controversial subjects of his time at the club – and what lies next.
You enjoyed a successful career at Old Trafford but just months before you joined you played against us in our treble season; how was it facing Cole and Yorke at their peak, and suffering from that last gasp Scholes goal at the San Siro?
I was slightly injured for the first leg, but on the second leg I mainly faced Becks. It was a tight game. I remember Ze Elias missing the target 2 times and Paul Scholes scoring the winner. Not only Andy Cole or Dwight Yorke, but the entire squad was at his peak and the luck was on United side that night that's all.
How did the move to United come about? You were linked with Liverpool at the same time…
While on international duty with the under 21 team. In Ukraine and Albania, I had a phone call conversation with Gerard Houiller, I've known him since we've won the under 18 European championship… and a few days later with Sir Alex Ferguson. At that time it was easy to choose between the two clubs!
You won many things at the club and played alongside many defenders; who was your favourite defender to play alongside, and did you prefer playing in the centre or at left back?
I played with so many good defenders at United it's difficult to pick one out and to be honest I can't because they were all different; I had a good understanding and relationship with all of them. Either position was a real pleasure! When you can start a game for Manchester United you don't start moaning about which position on the field. My preference goes to centre half because you dictate the game, on the side you follow and cover your partners.
What do you look back on as your best season? If I'm allowed to give my opinion, I would probably say 2002/3, you were brilliant at left back…
Maybe, it's difficult for me to say.
Other United fans I know think your best form was with Wes Brown, a player many rate as the best natural defender we've had at the club under Sir Alex… how good do you think he could have been if not for injury?
My partnership with Wes was good and I think we did a good job while Rio served his 8 months suspension. Focusing on pure defending, Wes was one of the best I played with at United alongside Jaap Stam and Ronie Johnsen. And without his major injuries he would have been even more present in the starting line and would have been a regular in England squad.
More controversy followed when Roy Keane left United following an interview with MUTV… What did you make of his departure ?
Roy never hid himself when it comes to say what he thinks about his team-mates and being a pundit hasn't changed him. What he said that day was true but normally those critics don't go public and it's up to the manager to do it or not. Anyway, this was the rupture of the United/Keane adventure.
Both still love each other I'm sure.
With Keane being critical of the youngsters, did the other senior lads rally around the kids after he'd gone?
Roy could be really hard but fair in the sense that he was treating everybody the same way.
You had some good rivalries while you were there… which was the most fierce when you were at the club?
No doubt that Leeds and Liverpool are at the top of my list! I've learned quickly who were our best enemies …
How was scoring twice against Liverpool?
I still can't comprehend that I've scored twice in such a massive game. I couldn't get to sleep that night…. It's really a special moment in my career that I'll never forget.
You played in many fierce games against Arsenal, notably the clashes in 2004/5… surely enough time has passed to let us know what happened in the tunnel at Old Trafford?
You know how tiny the tunnel is? Well you can not fit 2 teams side by side…..
I don't know how it started but some nice words were exchanged between the 2 teams, a big confusion started near the away dressing room, you couldn't punch anybody because there was no space and some players from Arsenal launched pizza I guess towards us, it landed mostly on the Gaffer so imagine our reaction, it was absolute chaos for 5 minutes! Without the stewards and police it would have been a real street fight.
In the end everybody was sent back to their own dressing rooms.
In the return, you were sent off for headbutting Freddie Ljungberg… I'm pretty sure no United fan held it against you, but why did you do it??
I never picked up 5 yellow cards in a season and that was my first and only sending off in England. I'm not proud of it and I got lucky we won that game. What happened is that Dennis Bergkamp was playing dirty with me, pulling my shirt and using his elbow. At one point I had too much of it I lost my temper so when Freddie Ljungberg came to me to say whatever he had to say, I was already gone in another world and I replied with throwing my "big head" at him then I didn't look at the referee and walked straight to the dressing room.
Gabriel Heinze looked for a while like he would overtake you at left back but he agitated for a move while you remained dependable; were you disappointed when Evra came to the club? It coincided with a time that you seemed to really up your game but then kept getting injured…
Pat and Vida came at the same time so there was more challenge for a place at the back. My cruciate ligament came when I was playing left back and Patrice was left wing, I guess we would have seen a lot more of these combinations if it wasn't for my injury.
While you were at the club, Steve McClaren, Jim Ryan, Carlos Queiroz, Walter Smith and – very briefly – Mike Phelan all served as assistant.. who was the most effective for you? Do you think that United perhaps need a fresh face in there in order to succeed in Europe?
I really think that all those coaches had an impact on United's success while I was there. I think one of the strong points of the boss is to be open and by having this attitude, he allowed each coaches to have a real input and bring their own ideas into the training program. If you keep the same staff with the same ideas for 20 years you stay still.
Put it into context; you've played for some of the biggest clubs in Europe, how does playing for, and then leaving, United, compare?
Inter and Arsenal are in the same category. Big history, big success, big money. United has a unique place with my family because I spent 9 seasons there, and it's a long time in a football career and in life. We won a lot of trophies but the most important is that I gained the winning mentality, and that remains with you forever.
You left Werder Bremen after an injury hit time there; where do you currently reside, what offers do you have, and will you be returning to the Premier League?
I'm a free agent today actually so I expect to receive some offers during the transfer window. I came back in January after my injury but spent most games on the bench, so I'm really fresh and hungry for what will be my last challenge.
The Premier League would be a good option and I'm actually expecting an offer in the next few days…
France and England both suffered exits from the European Championship this summer; what do you think both teams need to do in order to progress?
For France I would say a better team spirit, which comes from each individual. The 1998 world cup winners were not favourites but the team spirit made a big difference. The same again in 2006 when we lost in final against Italy. England – well next time it would be wise to keep the manager for a longer period, RH did well with such short notice and with the few players missing out due to injuries. I just regret that Rio wasn't part the squad.
You've kept busy – establishing a rum business, and running your "Schools for Hope" charity. Tell us a little bit more about both?
My charity, Schools for Hope, actually came about while I was at United. United was working with UNICEF, and it was through that partnership that I got my first look into charity work. We travelled to Africa to meet and work with children. It's hard not to be affected by life there, and being a father myself, you always have that feeling that you can do more.
So, in partnership with UNESCO, I founded my own charity, Schools for Hope. UNESCO identifies some of the most vulnerable children, and takes them off the streets and into the program. The charity builds orphanages and schools, and provides a program for children to learn to read, write, and learn a vocational skill so that they can have a skills and a way of developing a life for themselves.
The charity uses sport as a medium to break down social barriers, teach social skills and interaction and build relationships, Schools for Hope does not focus on religious differences in students, rather the right to an education and a childhood. We have schools in Laos, Niger, Guinea and Haiti. It's a lifetime commitment, and we are always looking for ways of fundraising and ways to bring attention to the projects. The recession has been particularly harsh on charitable donations, so we are always trying to get the word out there that there are children in need. Donations are welcomed!
The rhum is something that I also have a passion for. My family heritage is from Guadeloupe, and I've been bought up around rhum and the Caribbean way of life during family holidays, so in some ways it seemed a natural choice to go into.
The company is called R. St Barth, and has been going for just over a year now. We have cracked the US market, the Caribbean, Sweden, France, UK…it's an ongoing project, but its great to be involved in. I am making daily decisions on design, tastes, product development, exhibitions, marketing – it's a great challenge.
The brand is global and expanding, we won an award for the quality of our rhum, and I couldn't be more proud of our work so far.
You can find out more information about Mikael's projects here –
www.schoolsforhopeint.com
www.rhumstbarth.com .
Thanks to Mikael for his time.
Thanks to Daniel Burdett who helped conduct this interview.
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Next : Interview: Markus Neumayr
Yolkie
Winning The Europa League Is United's Top Priority
Manchester United don't need Victor Lindelof


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Die Meißener Porzellan-Sammlung Stiftung Ernst Schneider ist nach der Porzellansammlung in Dresden die weltweit größte Kollektion Meißener Porzellans des 18. Jahrhunderts. Seit 1968 befindet sich die Sammlung im Besitz des Bayerischen Nationalmuseums, das für die wertvolle Schenkung ein erstes Zweigmuseum in Schloss Lustheim in der Schleißheimer Schlossanlage einrichtete.

Schloss

Schloss Lustheim wurde in den Jahren 1684 bis 1688 nach Entwürfen des Hofbaumeisters Enrico Zuccalli errichtet. Kurfürst Max Emanuel von Bayern gab den Bau anlässlich seiner Verlobung mit der Kaisertochter Maria Antonia in Auftrag. Das Lustschloss, das Blickpunkt und östlichen Abschluss der großen Parkanlage von Schleißheim bildet, bot einen festlichen Rahmen für höfische Jagdgesellschaften. Die Jagd ist auch zentrales Thema der in der Tradition des italienischen Hochbarock stehenden Deckengemälde mit Szenen aus dem Mythos der Jagdgöttin Diana.

Sammlung
Nach umfänglicher Sanierung wurde Schloss Lustheim 1971 als erstes Zweigmuseum des Bayerischen Nationalmuseums eingerichtet. Seither beherbergt es die weltberühmte Sammlung Meißener Porzellans des Industriellen Ernst Schneider, deren Umfang und Bedeutung allein mit der Porzellansammlung im Dresdner Zwinger vergleichbar ist. Die Präsentation der über 2000 erlesenen Porzellane bietet Einblick in die beeindruckende Vielfalt der Erzeugnisse der Meißener Manufaktur und ihres geradezu unerschöpflichen Erfindungsreichtums in den ersten Jahrzehnten von ihrer Gründung 1710 in der Meißener Albrechtsburg bis in die Zeit des Siebenjährigen Kriegs.

Der Rundgang beginnt mit den frühesten Geschirren und Figuren aus der Direktionszeit Johann Friedrich Böttgers, dem zusammen mit Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus die Nacherfindung des ostasiatischen Porzellans gelungen war. Nicht minder berühmt sind der Porzellanmaler Johann Gregorius Höroldt und die nach ihm benannten Höroldt-Chinoiserien, von denen die Sammlung herausragende Beispiele besitzt. Eine Vorliebe Schneiders galt den "indianischen" Dekoren nach Vorbild chinesischer und japanischer Porzellane, die schon August der Starke (1670–1733) besonders schätzte. Als Meisterleistungen der Bildhauerkunst dürfen die figürlich gestalteten Gefäße und lebendig wiedergegebenen Tierfiguren des Meißener Modelleurs Johann Joachim Kändler gelten. Einen besonderen Höhepunkt zum Abschluss des Rundgangs schließlich bilden die zahlreichen Geschirre aus dem Tafelservice des Grafen Sulkowski und dem legendären Schwanenservice des Grafen Brühl, die eine Vorstellung vom Glanz barocker Festtafeln vermitteln.

Stifter
Ernst Schneider (1900–1977), Leiter einer Unternehmensgruppe unter der Dachgesellschaft der Kohlensäure-Industrie AG mit Sitz in Düsseldorf, zu der Firmen der Chemie und Kosmetik (u. a. die Odol-Werke) sowie der Stahlverarbeitung gehörten, war Präsident der Düsseldorfer Industrie- und Handelskammer (1948–1968) und Präsident des Deutschen Industrie- und Handelstages (1963–1969).

Neben seiner wirtschaftlichen Tätigkeit förderte Ernst Schneider kulturelle Einrichtungen wie Museen, Kunstvereine und Theater. Privat sammelte er Malerei und Graphik des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts sowie Kunsthandwerk des 18. Jahrhunderts, wobei es ihm das Meißener Porzellan besonders angetan hatte. Nach dem tödlichen Unfall seines einzigen Sohnes im Jahr 1968 verkaufte er seine Firmengruppe und zog sich aus allen Ämtern zurück. Von 1970 bis zu seinem Tod lebte er in Schloss Lustheim.

Literatur
 Rainer Rückert: Schloss Lustheim. Meissener Porzellan-Sammlung, Stiftung Ernst Schneider. Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, München 1972 (weitere Auflagen 1976, 1977, 1985).
 Rainer Rückert: Biographische Daten der Meissener Manufakturisten des 18. Jahrhunderts (Katalog der Meißener Porzellan-Sammlung Stiftung Ernst Schneider, Schloß Lustheim, Oberschleißheim vor München, Zweigmuseum des Bayerischen Nationalmuseums München, Beiband). Bayererisches Nationalmuseum, München 1990, ISBN 3-925058-13-3.
 Annette Schommers, Martina Grigat: Meißener Porzellan des 18. Jahrhunderts. Die Stiftung Ernst Schneider in Schloß Lustheim. C. H. Beck, München 2004, ISBN 3-406-51905-9.

Weblinks

 Homepage des Bayerischen Nationalmuseums zur Meißener Porzellan-Sammlung Stiftung Ernst Schneider
 Homepage der Bayerischen Schlösserverwaltung zur Schlossanlage Schleißheim

Porzellanmanufaktur Meißen
Organisation (Oberschleißheim)
Porzellanmuseum
Museum im Landkreis München
Bildung und Forschung in Oberschleißheim
Kultur (Oberschleißheim)
Museumsbestand (Bayerisches Nationalmuseum)