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Libraries - research, records and collections
Libraries - local collections
We provide access to records, resources and services to enable you to research local and regional history.
The resources available include:
access to local history websites using library computers;
electoral rolls and poll books;
help with genealogy and family history;
historic local newspapers on microfilm;
local census information;
parish register records;
property history;
trade directories;
Ancestry and FindMyPast via our people's network computers based in each library;
Newsstand, which provides national and regional current and back copy newspapers; and
the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, containing 50,000 biographies of people who shaped the history of the British Isles and beyond (available in libraries and remotely via DNB Online using your library card number and PIN).
We have also compiled information about a range of common subjects, which are summarised below.
Notable people from North Yorkshire
We have compiled some biographical notes of notable men and women with connections to North Yorkshire who lived during the reign of Queen Victoria.
George Birkbeck (1776-1841), physician and philanthropist
Dr George Birkbeck belonged to a Quaker family established in Settle. He was educated at Sedbergh and Edinburgh University and became Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry at the Anderson Institution in Glasgow. While there he struck new ground by organising free classes for workers. These classes became the forerunners of the Mechanics' Institutes, a major element in the growth of nineteenth century working class education.
After moving to a medical practice in London, Birkbeck was involved in many scientific and philanthropic societies, from meteorology to the abolition of boy chimney sweeps. He raised money for the formation of the London Mechanics' Institution in 1823 and laid the foundation stone of the lecture theatre.
Birkbeck's name has been given to Birkbeck College in London, the direct descendant of the London Mechanics' Institution.
Samson Fox (1838-1903), engineer, inventor and industrialist
At the age of nine, Samson Fox started work in a textile mill beside his father. He later studied engineering and tool design in Leeds. He formed the Leeds Forge Company and went on to be an internationally renowned engineer, inventor and ironmaster. He conceived the original corrugated boiler flue, patented in 1877, for high-pressure marine boilers, enabling steamships to travel faster and further than before. Ships such as the SS Pretoria were able in 1879 to transport British troops to the Anglo-Zulu War in an unprecedented 24 and a half days.
Between 1888 and 1889, Fox expanded his business by setting up the Fox Solid Pressed Steel Company in Illinois, forging railway bogies and freightcars as well as trucks for the American market.
The industrialist had bought Grove House and estate in Harrogate in 1850. He was instrumental in setting up the first fire service in Harrogate and in supplying public street lighting. In 1870 he supported the building of the new Royal College of Music in London. The Prince of Wales laid the foundation stone of the college in 1890 with a ceremonial trowel made from the metal of the corrugated boiler flues of the troopship Pretoria. Fox himself served as Mayor of Harrogate for three successive years (1890 - 1892).
Samson Fox died in 1903, while campaigning as a prospective parliamentary candidate for Walsall.
William Grainge (1818-1895), local historian, antiquarian and poet
William Grainge was born into a farming family living at Castiles Farm, Kirkby Malzeard. He left school when he was 12 in order to work on the farm. On the death of his father in 1845 he moved to Boroughbridge as a clerk in a solicitor's office, remaining there for the next 15 years studying and writing. In 1853 his first work, "History of the towns of Aldborough and Boroughbridge", was published.
Later in 1860 Grainge moved to Harrogate and set up as a bookseller and stationer. In the next year he published his "Guide to Harrogate" and his "History of Knaresborough" followed in 1862. He died in 1895. This self-educated antiquary wrote numerous books on history and topography.
Sir Jonathan Hutchinson (1828-1913), surgeon and pathologist
Jonathan Hutchinson was born into a Selby Quaker family in the Red House on the Quay. He became a distinguished surgeon and pathologist, known for his work on ophthalmology and dermatology, leprosy and congenital syphilis. He identified sarcoidosis, originally called "Hutchinson's disease". A blue plaque on his house in Wigmore Street, London, commemorates his life as a 'surgeon, scientist and teacher'. He was knighted in 1908.
In Selby he founded an educational museum at the Public Rooms, now the Salvation Army Hall, in which lectures, such as one on Darwin's controversial theory of evolution, could take place. The museum exhibits covered the natural sciences as well as history and included a stuffed tiger and an Egyptian mummy.
Richard (1862-1928) and Cherry Kearton (1871-1940), naturalists
The brothers were brought up in Thwaite in Swaledale. Both worked for a time in the same London publishing house, but their interest in natural history was too strong and they left to become full-time naturalists. Richard popularised his passion for ornithology by writing and giving public lectures on the subject. Cherry became a wildlife photographer, using his photographs to illustrate his brother's books. Their first collaborative work, "British Birds' Nests", was published in 1895. They tried to record birdsong and were pioneers of bird photography.
Cherry later became the first person to make an aerial photographic record of London, taking his views from an airship. He also photographed and described the wildlife of Africa on the Serengeti and in the Congo, both in still photographs and in early films such as "Wild Life across Africa", "In the Land of the Lion" and "My Dog Simba".
Louisa Kruckenberg (1885-1958), photographer
Louisa Kruckenberg was a talented amateur photographer, born in Grewelthorpe where her father was the vicar. After the family moved to the living of Dunsforth, she created a valuable collection of photographic views, showing the lives of the farming people and the landscape of her father's parish. The collection is now held at Harrogate library.
Sir Clements Robert Markham (1830-1916), explorer and geographic historian
Born at Stillingfleet, Clements Markham is known for his promotion of Antarctic exploration. After serving in the navy from the age of 14, he sailed as a midshipman on the Franklin Search expedition of 1850-1851. He entered the Civil Service, and was for ten years responsible for the geographical work of the India Office. During this period, he sailed with the 1875 Arctic expedition of GS Nares.
He was elected president of both the Hakluyt Society and of the Royal Geographical Society and appointed Captain Robert Scott to lead the successful 1901 Antarctic expedition. He was a tireless author and editor of geographic and historical works. A scrapbook of photographs, watercolours, cuttings and postcards compiled by him on the 1901 Antarctic Expedition was recently auctioned at Christies.
William Oldfield of Skipton (1807-1870), optician and photographer
William Oldfield began work as a handloom weaver, but through his interest in mechanics he embarked on a career as an optician with a remarkable concern for astronomy. He was noted as a maker of astronomical telescopes and was the first person in England to view the Kluikerfue comet in 1857 only ten days after it was first discovered.
Oldfield was a pioneer photographer with a studio in Skipton High Street, and also a founder of the Mechanics' Institute in Skipton.
Dorothy Pattison, aka "Sister Dora" (1832-1878), nurse
A bronze statue of Sister Dora stands today in Walsall to the memory of Walsall's Good Samaritan, one of the first civilian nurses of the Victorian age. Dorothy Pattison was born in Hauxwell in lower Wensleydale and began her nursing training at North Ormesby hospital. She was associated with the Christ Church Sisters, an Anglican convent at Coatham, near Middlesbrough. She adopted the name Sister Dora and went to Walsall in 1865. Her dedication at the Pelsall Colliery disaster of 1872 and her willingness to nurse smallpox victims on her own in the Epidemic Hospital was a fine example to others. She helped to promote the status of nursing as a profession.
Edith Sitwell (1887-1964), author and poet
Edith Sitwell was born in Scarborough, where her family spent every autumn and winter. She was privately educated and, like her brothers, Osbert and Sacheverell, became an intellectual and a writer of poetry, biography and literary criticism, well known for her unusual appearance and wit. When she was very young, she was asked what she wanted to be when she grew up. She replied, "A genius".
Edith Sitwell published her first book of poems during the First World War. Collections of her work include "Clowns' Houses", "Rustic Elegies", "Gold Coast Customs", "Gardeners and Astronomers" and "The Outcasts". In 1954 she was made a dame of the British Empire.
Researching family history
Tracing your family history is an interesting and rewarding hobby. We have produced some guidance to family history research to help get you started.
Guidance on researching family history
As with any job you need to equip yourself with the right tools, including a way of recording the information you gather. This can be as simple as using a pencil and notepad. Alternatively, you may prefer to use a folder with separate sheets or record cards. Some publishers of genealogical material also produce specific stationery for use in family research. Dedicated family research software might be useful if you prefer to gather information on a computer. Several websites allow you to record family research information online. A small tape recorder can also prove useful when interviewing relatives or recording information on the move.
Information from elderly relatives
Initially, the best sources of information are elderly relatives. Ask them about names, dates, places, occupations and important events. This is where a tape recorder can be helpful in recording the information. You could ask them if they have any old photographs and if they can they identify the people in them. You could also ask for copies of certificates or documents they have that could help. Beware of family stories that link you to someone famous, but don't ignore the more eccentric stories entirely, as there may be a kernel of truth about them. Try to corroborate information if you can.
Always remember some people can be sensitive about events in their past. Older generations often have different attitudes to things than younger people today. They might have strong opinions to things such as marriage, divorce, sex, race or religion, amongst others. You will have to be aware that a possible sensitive situation may arise from your research and act appropriately.
With the information you gather from your immediate family, you should be able to draw up a basic family tree.
Help from your local library
Even the smallest library will have access to books on how to trace your family tree. You may also want to read up on the social history of where your family lived. Books not in stock can be requested through the inter-library loan system.
There are also other sources of information you can use as you as your research progresses. Libraries can provide a wide variety of information and various indexes are available in printed form, on microfiche or on CD. You might also find out if someone has already published information on your family.
Staff in all North Yorkshire libraries will be happy to help you start looking into your family history. All the libraries provide free access to the internet.
Information from North Yorkshire county record office
The county record office collects, preserves, and makes available a wealth of archive material relating to the history of the county of North Yorkshire.
Searching birth, marriage and death records
If you are searching official records, the best source to begin with is birth, marriage and death certificates. The civil registration system from which these certificates are extracted began in England and Wales on 1 July 1837, in Scotland on 1 January 1855 and in Ireland in 1864. This part of your research can be expensive as you will have to pay for access to the records, either through a dedicated website or by postal applications. Searching through the indexes held at Northallerton Libraryand Scarborough Library can help reduce these costs
Certificates for North Yorkshire records can be ordered using our online copy certificates form. Other English and Welsh certificates can be ordered through the Office of National Statistics. Those with Scottish ancestry have to apply to the General Register Office for Scotland in Edinburgh. A fire at the Four Courts in Dublin in 1922 destroyed many records, which makes tracing Irish ancestors more difficult.
Searching census records
A census has been taken every ten years since 1841, except in 1941 during the Second World War. Those from 1851 onwards can give you names, addresses, ages, family relationships, occupations and places of birth. Some indexes are available which will greatly aid your research, particularly the index for 1881 that is available in some libraries. The 1901 census for England and Wales is available online, as are the 1891 and 1901 Scottish censuses.
Searching parish registers
Parish registers are one of the most useful and widely known sources for researching family history. They are primarily a record of baptisms, marriages and burials of your ancestors who attended the parish church.
Some parish registers are still kept by the local church but most are now kept at the local county record offices. To protect records many are now available for viewing on microfiche or microfilm and booking is usually required.
The Church of the Latter Day Saints have produced the International Genealogical Index which contains millions of parish and other record entries. It is by no means complete and you are advised to check the original parish record. Access to the index is available online at all North Yorkshire libraries.
Joining a family history society
Another way to get help and information is to join a family history society. Even if you do not originate from the area in which you live, you will meet like-minded people and hear interesting talks. They often produce their own magazine and publish their own list of membership interests, indexes of censuses and monumental inscriptions for their areas.
An example of what a family history society can offer is the Scarborough family history help desk, run by the East Yorkshire Family History Society. The help desk operates in Scarborough library on the second Saturday of every month from 10am to 3.30pm. Members of the society are available to talk to you about tracing your family tree and researching your local family history.
Recording your information
Take care to record the source of your findings. This not only acts as a reference if you have to recheck your information, but it prevents duplication of work. If you record something from a secondary source such as a transcribed index or from someone else's chart on the internet, you are advised to check the original source yourself. Family history often requires quite a bit of detective work. Don't assume that someone with the same surname in the same area is yours and check all variations of your surname spelling. Ages on census records can be unreliable so always look for further evidence.
Researching the history of a house
We have produced some guidance on researching the history of a house to get you started and provide information for you to continue your search.
Guidance on researching the history of a house
Researching the history of a house or other building can take you on a fascinating journey. The first task when researching the history of a house is to ask some basic questions:
When was this house built?
What did it look like originally?
Who lived in the house before us?
If you own the house you can begin by checking the deeds. These may be held by a solicitor or mortgage company and may give a description of the house, its position, the dimensions of the plot and names of the recent owners.
You can also talk to the estate agent or the neighbours and find out any anecdotal information about the building. Oral history, especially from residents of the same street or village, can give some leads. The previous occupants of the house may be willing to help.
Further research sources
For more in-depth research, you will have to search local records at your local library or the county record office. Use their catalogues and indexes to search for information and ask the staff for advice.
Histories of architecture show how building styles can date a house. There may be dating evidence on your house if you know what to look for.
Local and village histories or surveys of historic buildings could identify a house or its inhabitants. The "Buildings of England" series by Nicolas Pevsner describes public and private buildings.
The Department of the Environment statutory list and the national record of listed buildings reports on the architecture and the historic interest of notable buildings of every decade.
The Builder illustrations index from 1843-1883, compiled by Robert Thorne and Ruth Richardson (1994), may be useful. A county index is also available.
The local press often contains sale notices detailing property for sale or rent. It can also include auction records, advertisements by developers and estate agents and planning application notices.
Trade directories published in the provinces from the eighteenth century may be useful. These are guides to local towns and villages, their inhabitants and businesses. Trade directories can be helpful in tracing the history of houses and commercial establishments through the names of the residents and owners. Some directories are arranged by street.
Census enumerators' returns from 1841 onwards provide information listed by local parish, with street indexes for some larger towns. From the census, the researcher can examine in greater or lesser detail the history of families, where they lived and in what circumstances.
Sales catalogues can give a description, often with an illustration, of a property at one particular moment. If the same house goes on the market regularly, the resultant sales catalogues can become a social history of the building.
From the 1840s onwards, professional photographers took photos of towns and villages, country landscapes with houses and cottages in the background scene. Postcards from the late 1890s onwards often depict homes and official buildings, as do some aerial photographs.
Ordnance Survey maps and plans are also good resources. Six inch maps were introduced to Britain in the 1840s. The first edition 25 inch Ordnance Survey plans, published from 1853, can indicate land use, field names and acreages. Over the next 40 years survey plans were produced of British towns with populations of over 4,000. These show house plans in some detail and can give an approximate date of construction.
Partial runs of local electoral registers may be available. Longer and more complete runs will be found in the county record office. Electoral registers will list occupants. Before 1928 not everyone was qualified to vote, so earlier lists (starting in 1832) should be used carefully, remembering that house names and numbers are not always noted.
Historic newspaper collections
Libraries in North Yorkshire continue to collect and preserve local newspapers, including the free advertisers. This page lists all the collections we hold, including major historical titles relevant to the area.
Newspapers are a great source of information for the local historian. In 1605 Nathaniel Butter printed single sheets publicising details of sensational Yorkshire trials. Local gentry employed agents to send the London news to their country estates and news agencies reported the latest events from the continent. By the eighteenth century provincial publishers had set up local presses to meet a growing demand for news. This was mainly national news, though the amount of local news steadily increased.
Abolition of excise and stamp duties from the 1830s onwards led to a proliferation of local newspapers. Towns such as Harrogate and Scarborough had several titles, all in commercial and political competition. Today many separate local editions of the same title can be published, highlighting the events of particular towns and villages.
In the pages of local newspapers, researchers can discover the circumstances behind the lives of individuals within the community, such as births and deaths, reports of crimes, leisure activities, agricultural prices, the coming of the railways, emigration and war.
View historical newspaper collections we hold
List of historical newspapers collections we hold
Libraries in North Yorkshire continue to collect and preserve all local newspapers, including the free advertisers. Major historical files include the following (earliest date shown):
Local library
Harrogate library Harrogate Advertiser (1836)
Malton library Malton Messenger (1854) and Yorkshire Gazette (1819)
Northallerton library Darlington and Stockton Times (1847)
Scarborough library Scarborough Evening News (1886), Scarborough Gazette (1847) and Scarborough Mercury (1855)
Selby library Selby Times (1869)
Skipton library Craven Herald (1854) and Craven Pioneer(1861)
Whitby library Whitby Gazette (1854)
Many more newspapers are stored on microfilm or microfiche. Some titles are held in the original form before they are microfilmed as part of an on-going preservation program. These local newspapers include (earliest date shown):
Harrogate library Harrogate Herald (1980)
Knaresborough library Knaresborough Post (1996)
Malton library Gazette and Herald (1990) and Ryedale Star (1995)
Northallerton library Evening Gazette (Middlesbrough) (1970); North Yorkshire Advertiser (1997); North Yorkshire News (1980); Northallerton, Thirsk and Bedale Times (1977); and Northern Echo (1938)
Nidderdale Plus library Pateley Bridge and Nidderdale Herald (1863)
Ripon library Ripon Gazette (1866)
Scarborough library Bridlington Free Press (1985), Filey and Hunmanby Mercury (1990), Ryedale Citizen (1993), Ryedale Mercury (1983), Scarborough Citizen (1987), Scarborough Town Crier (1998) and Trader (Scarborough) (1981)
Selby library Selby and District Herald (1990), Selby Chronicle (1991), Selby Express (1872), Selby Gazette and Herald (1975), Selby Post (1986), Selby Star (1989), Tadcaster News (1979) and Yorkshire Evening Press (Selby edition) (1983)
Tadcaster library Wetherby, Boston and Tadcaster News (1993)
Most of the local newspapers are available on microfilm at the relevant library. It is important to reserve a microfilm reader in advance of a visit. The main reference libraries have a microfilm reader-printer and copies of the newspaper entries can be made for a small charge.
You can find more information about historical newspapers in the following publications:
An introduction to using newspapers by Colin Chapman
Local newspapers 1750-1920 by Jeremy Gibson
Family history from newspapers by Eve McLaughlin
Newspapers and local history by Michael Murphy
Electoral records (poll books)
Poll books are a published record of people who voted in county elections along with details of which candidate or candidates they had voted for. They were introduced in 1696 and ceased after secret balloting was introduced by the Act of 1872.
Several libraries in North Yorkshire store poll books, along with the county record office. A full list of the poll books we store can be found below, listed by date.
The listings in poll books are usually by parish. Before universal suffrage was introduced in 1928 the franchise was based on land or property ownership, so poll books only list those who fall into this class.
Where to view electoral records (poll books) that we hold
Poll book and date
Harrogate library
West Riding election: 1741, 1801, 1835, 1837, 1841 and 1848
Yorkshire: 1807
Leeds Borough Constituency: 1868
Malton library Malton, Norton and surrounding villages (photocopy from the Yorkshire Poll Book): 1742 and 1807
Northallerton library Yorkshire (reprint): 1741-42
North Yorkshire county record office
Yorkshire: 1727 and 1734
North Riding election: 1835
Pickering library Yorkshire: 1807
Scarborough library
Burgess roll of the Borough of Scarborough: 1836-37 and 1869-70
Scarborough Borough Constituency - list of voters for the Borough of Scarborough: 1852
Scarborough Borough Constituency - list of voters in Falsgrave and Scarborough: 1859
Scarborough Borough Constituency: 1867
Scarborough Parliamentary election - a list of the electors: 1868
Borough of Scarborough - number of Parliamentary voters: 1893-94
Selby library
Yorkshire: 1741-42
West Riding election: 1835 and 1837
Skipton library
Skipton Division register of voters: 1885-86
The library service holds a number of special collections. These have a unique value, especially, but not exclusively, in the field of local studies.
Borrowing material from the special collections
There are separate conditions for borrowing from each collection, dependent on the material included. However, you can see the material in the library, in some cases by appointment. Specific conditions are provided with the details of each collection below.
We can also supply other historical information such as:
genealogy and family history;
historic local newspapers on microfilm; and
property history.
You can view information about the special collections we hold below.
Petyt collection and Petyt Collateral
Please note that the Petyt collection has been transferred back to Skipton Town Council and is no longer housed in Skipton library. It will find a new home in Ermysted's Grammar School.
Caving and potholing collection, Skipton library
This collection consists of current and back runs of periodicals on caving and potholing. These are interfiled with other periodicals. Current titles still being taken are the Craven Pothole Club Record (1986-present).
Several closed runs of periodicals are still available for consultation including:
British Cave Research Association Bulletins (1974- 1981);
Cave and Karst Science (1947-2000, formerly Cave Science and incorporating the Journal of the British Speleological Association) and transactions of the British Cave Research Association;
Craven Pothole Club Journal (1949-1985);
Moldywarps Speleological Group newsletter (1976-1987, four issues);
Northern Caving (1964);
Speleological Abstracts (1962-1967);
Studies in Speleology (1964-1967, 1983-1987, 1991); and
White Rose Pothole Club (1961-1964).
The collection is housed at Skipton reference library and is available for research purposes by prior appointment.
Craven naturalists' collection, Skipton library
This collection comprises around 70 items, including:
(Yorkshire) Naturalist (1885-present), deposited by the Craven Naturalists' and Scientific Association along with a cabinet in which to house the volumes;
Yorkshire Naturalists' Union Bulletins (1984-present), a growing collection donated by the Yorkshire Naturalists Association; and
Yorkshire Naturalists' Ornithological Reports (1965-present), a growing collection donated by the Yorkshire Naturalists Association
Douglas Atkinson photographic collection, Ripon library
This is a collection of negatives. Douglas Atkinson was a local photographer who found a collection of glass negatives in a skip behind a chemist's shop in Ripon. The photographs had been taken in the nineteenth century by Bulmer Rudd.
Mr Atkinson added to the collection by taking photographs of the same views in the 1950s and 1960s.
This collection is part of a larger collection of negatives, glass negatives and slides, which were donated to Ripon library by the Yorkshire Film Archive. There is an index to the collection in the main library. The negatives are held in Ripon library workroom. Please contact Ripon library for details.
Kruckenberg photographic collection, Harrogate library
Louisa Kruckenberg (1885-1958) was a talented amateur photographer who documented farming life and the activities of her father's parishioners in the area around Dunsforth, near Great Ouseburn.
After her death, the County library service acquired an album holding around 220 of her postcards. The collection is housed at Harrogate reference library and is available for research purposes by prior appointment. There is a card index of the collection.
A set of photographic reproductions of these illustrations is also held at Boroughbridge library. More recently, a collection of her work on glass negatives has been housed by the library service and we are beginning to provide access to these.
Many of these photographs have been digitised through the Unnetie Digitisation Project, funded by the New Opportunities Fund.
Mineral waters and spas collection, Harrogate library
This is a collection of approximately 600 volumes concerned with all aspects of the history of spas and watering places and the use of medieval waters in medicine and therapy. Examples include Spadacrene Anglica, or the English Spaw 1626 by Edmund Deane, and Essai sur les eaux minerales 1810 by E J B Bouillon-Lagrange.
The collection is housed at Harrogate reference library and is available for research purposes only during normal opening hours.
Northern mine research society publications, Skipton library
The Northern Mine Research Society began as the Northern Cavern and Mine Research Society, publishing transactions, newsletters, memoirs and an individual survey series (monographs) from 1960-1974. In 1974 it became the Northern Mine Research Society, publishing the British Mining series of monographs, memoirs and reports.
Skipton library holds most of the run of the society's publications (up to the year 2000) and takes every opportunity to fill any gaps.
The collection is housed at Skipton reference library and is available for research purposes by prior appointment. An index to articles in the society's publications 1960-1991 is available.
Pratt collection, Northallerton library
The Stokesley printing collection was formerly the property of D W Richardson. It was housed at Stokesley library from 1978, but has now been moved to Northallerton library. The collection consists of about 200 items, mostly books, printed in Stokesley during the mid to late nineteenth century. The bulk of the collection was printed by J S Pratt, but other printers such as W F Pratt, Tweddell and Sons and W Braithwaite also feature.
The authors include famous names such as Victor Hugo and Oliver Goldsmith and the works range from the romantic Rosina or the Village Maid by L Jones (pr. J S Pratt, 1843) to The Modern Farrier by G L Lowson (pub. Jones and Co, pr. W F Pratt, 1837).
Included in the collection is a series of tracts called Free Thought in Stokesley, which must be unique.
For more details of Pratt see Printing and Publishing in Stokesley by Daphne Franks, Stokesley and District Local History Group, 1984.
The collection is housed at Northallerton library with a small number at Stokesley library and is available for research purposes by prior appointment. A list of authors, titles and printers is available.
Prescott collection, Scarborough library
This is a collection of hand-written files, complemented by programmes and photographs, devoted to aspects of the development of Scarborough in the period 1840-1970. The collection is devised principally from local newspaper files.
The collection is housed in a locked cabinet in a non-public area of Scarborough library and is available for research purposes by prior appointment only.
Raistrick collection, Skipton library
Dr Arthur Raistrick (1896-1991) lived in Linton-in-Craven near Grassington and was renowned for his work in the fields of archaeology (especially industrial archaeology) and geology.
The collection is made up of:
a selection of Dr Raistrick's own papers and documents, including many original leases, wills, indentures, overseers' papers, mining records, and other manuscripts relating to Yorkshire (West and North Ridings); and
a selection of Dr Raistrick's own published writings, including eleven books, but mainly articles in pamphlet form.
The collection is housed at Skipton library. There is a printed holdings list for Dr Raistrick's own papers and documents, a holdings list of documents from this collection transferred to the Ironbridge Gorge Museum and a comprehensive bibliography of Dr Raistrick's published work compiled by Trevor Croucher. Not all works mentioned in the bibliography are held by Skipton library. The manuscript collection is only available for research purposes by prior appointment.
Rowley collection, Skipton library
Dr Rowley was a local historian who wrote books on Skipton and the surrounding area. After his death, his wife donated his collection of mainly handwritten material and notes to the library, together with a cabinet in which to house them.
The collection consists of pamphlets; maps; printed and handwritten historical study notes on central Skipton properties; articles; other writings; and some original manuscripts and annotated plans of the central Skipton area. There are also photographs in 13 boxes (around 140 in each box). Around 500 of these photographs have been digitised, with the permission of Mrs Rowley. These are displayed on the Rowley Photographic Collection website.
The collection is housed in the Rowley Cabinet at Skipton library. There is a hand written list of contents and the illustrations/slides boxes are labelled (for example, one box says "Skipton High Street"). Please contact Skipton library for details.
Scarborough archives and school archives, Scarborough library
Scarborough library houses a collection of minute books, deeds, letters and other content relevant to Scarborough and deposited by various people over many years.
There is also is a collection of minute books and log books of primary and secondary schools in Scarborough deposited by the Divisional Education Office several years ago.
Serjeantson papers, Skipton library
These are archival manuscripts referring to Hanlith Hall, estates at Carthorpe, Calton and Hanlith and Camp Hill Hall near Bedale. They were deposited with the library by a descendant of the Serjeantson family, who lived in Hanlith from the fourteenth century onwards. The bulk of the Serjeantson manuscript collection is presumed to be still at Hanlith Hall. The papers consist mainly of deeds of sale.
The collection is housed at Skipton library and is available for research purposes by prior appointment only. There is an 11-page typescript hand-list of the 88 items.
Sitwell collection, Scarborough library
Scarborough library features a collection of reserve copies of books by and about the Sitwells.
Susan Brooks papers, Skipton library
Susan Brooks was the author of a history of Grassington published by the Dalesman in 1979. These papers constitute her working notes on original documents used in research for the book. They also refer to other Wharfedale villages as well as to Grassington.
The collection is housed at Skipton library and is available for research purposes by prior appointment. A hand-list of contents is available.
Unné illustrations collection, North Yorkshire County Record Office
Bertram Unné, AIIP, ARPS (1913-1981) was a Yorkshire photographer, active at Harrogate studios from the 1940s until his retirement in 1979.
In the course of his professional life, Unné amassed a considerable archive of negatives and contact prints of Yorkshire landscapes, which was his speciality.
North Yorkshire library service acquired the Unné archive in 1979 with the assistance of grants from the Victoria and Albert Museum and the British Library. At present, the Unné collection includes:
an indexed and numbered sequence of 9,360 negative envelopes;
1,343 mounted prints, also indexed; and
several boxes of negatives containing 180 glass plates.
Further boxes contain about 2,000 un-catalogued prints.
The value of the Unné collection lies in its rich record of Yorkshire village and country life in the period between 1940 and 1980. Some 7,500 images from this collection were digitised as part of the Unnetie Digitisation Project, funded by the New Opportunities Fund and North Yorkshire county libraries, archives and arts.
The collection is housed at the county record office and is available for viewing by prior appointment. There is an index of names, places and subjects. You can visit the Unnetie Digitisation Project website for more details.


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Who Wants To Be A Millionaire set for 2019 return
14th September 2018 @ 11:44
ITV is set to bring back the Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? reprisal fronted by Jeremy Clarkson in 2019.
Following the success of the Millionaire anniversary specials this May, ITV is set to air a new season as a stripped event that will run for ten episodes.
The return of the classic format launched with 6.1 million viewers and a 31% TV share in May. This year, Millionaire was aired as a seven-episode special to celebrate its 20th anniversary.
New episodes will play out on ITV early in 2019 and will also see the return of its host Jeremy Clarkson.
Members of the public will have a chance to win £1 million if they can correctly answer 15 questions. Format features such as Ask The Audience will return, along with new feature Ask The Host.
Stellify Media will produce the new series for ITV with Fiona Clark executive producing along with joint managing directors Kieran Doherty and Matthew Worthy.
The title was commissioned by Sioban Greene, ITV's head of entertainment, with commissioning editor Ben King.
Who Wants To Be A Millionaire is a Sony Pictures Television format.
Worthy said: "Ask The Host is back! And a quick tip for future contestants: don't use it on questions about fine art, haute cuisine or the scouting association."
Tags: Formats, Jeremy Clarkson, Sony Pictures Television, Who Wants to be a Millionaire?
Concepts vs. formats: how to tell the difference
K7 Media founder and FRAPA board member Keri Lewis Brown breaks down how to identify a piece of IP as a format versus a concept, and how the formats agency plans to help creators tell the difference in the future. Remarkably, given that some of the biggest entertainment brands of the past 20 years — Big […]
FRAPA's Jan Salling boards BBC Studios
FRAPA head Jan Salling has joined BBC Studios to run production out of the Nordics. The exec will serve as head of BBC Studios Nordics Productions, based out of Copenhagen, Denmark. His new role will see him drive sales and production of the producer-distributor's formats in the Nordic region and he will work closely with Banijay […]
Exclusive: ITV swoops for 'The Masked Singer'
ITV has swooped for Fox's hit format The Masked Singer, TBI understands. The UK broadcaster is believed to have aggressively outbid Channel 4 for the MBC Korea-distributed singing format, in which celebrities sing in full-body costumes and masks, with top contenders reaching series' end while keeping their identities hidden. The local production is thought to […]
Sony teams with Globo, Mediapro Studio for drama
Spain's Mediapro Studio and Sony Pictures Television (SPT) have struck a co-production and co-development pact, with a 13-part thriller set to launch the deal. SPT is to produce 13 x 60-minute thriller Implacables – Mexico, which it will also distribute in the US, including Puerto Rico, as well as Latin America and Canada. Meanwhile, Mediapro […]
BBC cancels 'All Together Now'
Sony strikes deal with Phil Lord and Chris Miller for 'Spider-Man' TV series
Israel's Kan orders 'Old People's Home for 4 Year Olds'
Making a physical gameshow for Netflix

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
123 - #OwnVoices Fiction w/ Sheree Renée Thomas & K. Tempest Bradford
December 16, 2020 Jesse Adams, Rob Gilmore, & Allie Charlesworth Season 1 Episode 23
Dec 16, 2020 Season 1 Episode 23
Jesse Adams, Rob Gilmore, & Allie Charlesworth
"Own Voices" fiction means stories written BY members of the marginalized groups and cultures they depict, instead of written by people from outside those groups. People deserve to tell their OWN stories instead of having others take up that space and write about them, so today we get into what needs to happen and why. We're joined by two amazing author/editors: Sheree Renée Thomas (World Fantasy Award-winning editor, author, Marvel writer, and new Editor of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction) and K. Tempest Bradford (author, editor, writing teacher at Writing the Other, podcaster, and Vice Chair of the board of the Carl Brandon Society) for a deep dive into Own Voices fiction and why it's so important.
Sheree Renée Thomas: Website and Twitter (@blackpotmojo)
Books: NINE BAR BLUES, DARK MATTER & DARK MATTER: READING THE BONES, & pre-order BLACK PANTHER: TALES OF WAKANDA
Visit & subscribe to The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction
K. Tempest Bradford: Website and Twitter (@tinytempest)
Fiction & Non-Fiction Bibliography: http://tempest.fluidartist.com/bibliography/
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ktempestbradford
Writing the Other writing classes
The Carl Brandon Society's website
Subscribe to Glitchy Pancakes on your favorite podcast app, and please leave a review if you like what we're doing. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook @GlitchyPancakes. Email questions or comments to CakesPod@gmail.com, and thanks for listening!


5. Ways to improve the framework of globalization!
Need essay help? Welcome to our first mini-series episode focused on helping you understand globalization better! This video episode is an introduction/overview and outlines multiple opinionated topics that provide you with a solid foundation of the "pros and cons" to begin your research on the subject of globalization. The books cited in the video are: "Making Globalization Work" by Joseph E. Stiglitz, "The No-Nonsense Guide to Globalization" by Wayne Ellwood, and "Open World" by Philippe Legrain.
All video, commentary and music is owned by Keynes Academy.
Gallery Free impact of globalization papers, essays, and research papers.
In my introduction I provide an Introduction Essay About Globalization overview of the discussions on global narratives of 'globalization' have Introduction Essay About Globalization risen since the late twentieth century and not before.
The relationship between religion and globalization is complex, one with new possibilities and furthering challenges.


Finding Neverland: Second Star to the Right and Straight into Our Hearts!
Emeril Lagasse at Dr Phillips Moved To April 2016!
Cinderella Comes To Dr. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts!
Chef at Dr. Phillips Packages On Sale Soon!


Jil Sander is definitely one of my faves collection.
Just discovered Raphael Young, check out his website here. His French and his shoes are every womens dream.
I'm obsessed with this Alexander Mcqueen knuckle duster suede clutch. Saw it on net-a-porter and it costs $1.895, I don't even want to bother converting that into rands.
I'm so into maxi skirts.I just bought the most beautiful figure hugging maxi skirt from Mr Price. Andy Torres from Style scrapbook never fails, she has so much style and class. She pulls off this look so perfectly, she's my inspiration.
My new ankle boots from Zoom. I saw them in the latest edition of Elle on Thursday and bought them the next day. Gorge!
In love with the flare!
I'm really loving the flared jeans. Seems like it's a pretty hot trend, loving the 70's revival!!
This woman is so cool. Love the collection of rings, she gets it right every time.
The perfect outfit for day. Love the knot, sandals and YSL ring.


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The Concept of "Sister Churches" in Catholic-Orthodox Relations Since Vatican II
By: Will Cohen
Published By: Wipf & Stock Publishers
The Concept of "Sister Churches" in Catholic-Orthodox Relations Since Vatican II is the culmination of the dissertation that Will Cohen defended at Catholic University and first published in Studia Oecumenica Friburgensia (Aschendorff Verlag, 2016). It is a valuable work offering rich commentary regarding the advances and setbacks in Catholic-Orthodox ecumenical relations. Tracing the rise and fall of the expression "sister churches," Cohen argues that Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras first invoked the term in a letter to Cardinal Bea of the Vatican Secretariat for the Promotion of Christian Unity in 1962. By 1969, it enjoyed standard usage by Catholic and Orthodox dialogue participants, and likewise by Popes Paul VI and John Paul II. However, since the turn of the century, it is nowhere to be found in the vocabulary of bilateral dialogues. In addition to documenting the compelling lineage of the term, the aim of Cohen's project is to argue for the rehabilitation of the language of "sister churches."
The first chapter of Cohen's work examines the language of sister churches across scriptural, patristic, and medieval sources. The second chapter considers the modern emergence of the term in the period between 1958 and 1972. That time frame begins with the election of Pope John XXIII who convened the Second Vatical Council and ends with the death of Patriarch Athenagoras and the publication of the first edition of the Tomos Agapis, a collection of the various materials and sources emanating from the correspondence between Rome and Constantinople. The third chapter studies patterns and ambiguities of the term "sister churches" during two important periods: from 1958 to 1972 and 1972 to 2000. Cohen also discusses a number of different ways to understand the identities of the "sister churches," ranging from a definition that focuses on those churches that belong to a single, undivided communion, and four others that involve various trans-confessional pairings.
A demarcation line was drawn when the Vatican Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) issued its Note on the Expression "Sister Churches" on June 30, 2000. Reflecting the then growing retrenchment in official perspectives on Catholic ecclesiology, the Note sought to circumscribe the application of the expression "sister churches." Chapters 4 and 5 survey Catholic and Orthodox theologians, exploring the perspectives of both advocates and critics of "sister churches." In regards to the Catholic critique, special attention is given to the work of Adriano Garuti, documents from the CDF, and Hervé Lagrand. Cohen shows how the concept of "sister churches" became intertwined with an interpretation of the phrase "subsists in" in article 8 of Vatican II's Constitution on the Church, Lumen gentium, and with the issue of relationship and priority between local or particular churches and the universal church.
An emphasis on Roman Primacy inextricably permeated all of the above. As Cohen explains, "Garuti argued that one must utterly reject any idea 'that two Churches exist, the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church, which constitute two parts of the one Church that existed in the first millennium…' since this would mean, according to Garuti, that the 'Church of Christ no longer exists as one in history, but is in fieri [in the state of becoming] through the convergence or reunification of the two sister Churches'" (141). The Note that was issued by the CDF in 2000 followed this line of reasoning. It declared that the universal church is "not sister but mother of all the particular churches," and further asserted that the "patriarchal structure typical of the East never developed in the West" (153). In 2006, the title "Patriarch of the West" was erased from the list of titles given to the pope in previous editions of the Annuario Pontificio, the Vatican's official yearbook. Cohen documents Cardinal Walter Kasper's criticism that the CDF Note "must be understood as a dismissal of [communion] ecclesiology and an attempt to restore Roman centralism." (155)
In his conclusions to chapter 4, Cohen observes that Garuti considers the Orthodox Churches to be "churches in an imperfect and analogous manner with respect to the Church, from which they derive their existence and salvific efficacy." However, although Garuti fails to clarify whether "Church" refers to the Church of Christ which subsists in the Catholic Church or to the Catholic Church in which the Church of Christ subsists, Cohen acknowledges that he "does justice to the Catholic position that the continuity and unity and the visible presence in history of the one Church of Christ, in which all the means of grace are available, cannot be said to depend on reunification with the Orthodox Churches" (181).
Cohen ends chapter 5 by proposing the idea of ecclesia extra ecclesiam (church outside the church) as a possible ecclesiological solution to the problem of "sister churches." In chapter 6, Cohen reprises Yves Congar's view of schism as a "gradual estrangement" which never became total. He notes that Orthodox critics of the language of "sister churches" see Roman primacy as incompatible with the synodality of the Orthodox churches, while Catholic critics consider the expression a threat to Roman primacy. Cohen argues that there is an asymmetrical understanding of how the Church of Christ is present in these two positions; however, he suggests that there is also an interdependence that can and should be acknowledged. Cohen proposes holding these qualities of asymmetry and interdependence in tension, because despite their differences and separation, neither church can do without the other. He concludes that "there can be no question of playing it safe" in recognizing or not recognizing the sacramental and ecclesial reality of a separated community, nor in calling or not calling the other a "sister church." Baptizing those who were already baptized, or bringing persons into the Church of Christ who were already in it, Cohen argues, is to divide Christ into "my Christ" and "your Christ" (284).
Altogether, Cohen's The Concept of "Sister Churches" is sure to spark insightful reflection, and I wholeheartedly recommend it as a resource for ecclesiological and ecumenical studies.
Bernard P. Prusak is Professor in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at Villanova University.
Bernard G. Prusak
Will Cohen, a subdeacon in the Orthodox Church in America, is associate professor of theology at the University of Scranton in Pennsylvania, and serves as President of the Orthodox Theological Society in America.


Discovered deep within the rainforests of the Amazon, wild jungle peanuts are an heirloom peanut variety that have the most pure, rich peanut flavor you can experience. This is the true, original form of the peanut—as opposed to the more commonly grown peanuts that have been hybridized to contain higher amounts of oil and sugar than their wild counterparts.
A good source of magnesium, phosphorus and manganese, these wild jungle peanuts also contain all nine essential amino acids making them a source of complete protein.
Our raw, organic, non-GMO wild jungle peanuts are cultivated in a pristine region of the Amazon jungle by the Shuar people. Unlike most store-bought nuts, our wild peanuts contain no added salt, oil, sugar, or preservatives.
They're also more appealing to your eyes and your palate; with a rich golden color and dark brown stripes, these beautiful heirloom peanuts have a delicate flavor that's smooth, earthy and aromatic.
Next story Sunfood Pistachio, gone Nuts!


After a long and tiring day, you need a place or environment where you can relax and get away all your day fatigue So to achieve this there is a need to create a warm and calm environment. Caring for yourself is very important because it helps keep your mind and body in good condition. You can not prevent yourself from being tired in the busy schedules of the day, but you can create a comfortable environment where you can feel calm.
Every small change in your home can create a beautiful environment. So make sure the things around your living space are good and healthy. Let your furniture be arranged in such a way that the light and light can enter the house. Select the color of the house that will bring you peace.
Make your environment suitable for both living in the office or home, always make sure the spaces are clean. To make more room for saving your required papers, remove all the papers that are not required in your office drawer, make sure the desk is cleaned on a daily basis. If you do not have enough time to clear your home due to busy schedules, consider hiring a professional cleaning company.
We all know that we always need enough sleep every night for good health, we all know. You need a good metra for very good sleep and comfortable sleeping.
Even after a long busy day, you may be tempted to log in to your social media for updates or to chat with your friends. Also, you can log in to your email address so that your customers can verify that your emails have been answered. So when you come home, to avoid such misdeeds, turn off your phone and avoid carrying out your office work at home.
If you have fresh flowers or any other tree in your home, you will be able to breathe with your oxygen. When you select flowers or other trees, choose from which you have beautiful perfume. But make sure it does not attract insects again.
Your body and mind care will give you an active and beautifully designed day gift. So try to create a comfortable environment at your home or in your office. Hopefully the above instructions will help you.


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CNN: Hillary's Libyan Mullah frees 600 Al Qaeda terrorists from prison « Getting at the truth
About John Harding
Why gas should be about a buck a gallon
Escape from Paradise, – A Best Selling Book!
The book's sensational reviews!
"It took me two and a half evenings to complete your un-put-downable book…it is a unique contribution to the appreciation of a life in Singapore. Thank you for having written it." C. V. Devan Nair, former President of Singapore.
"Bought the book from Select this weekend and can't put it down! It's a great read! And so nostalgic for me—the good old days!" Glen Goei, writer and director of the Miramax film That's the Way I Like It and who played the title role opposite Anthony Hopkins in the London production of M. Butterfly. Mr. Goei's latest film is The Blue Mansion – Click for the trailer!
"It is a remarkable story and so full of intrigue that it reads at times like fiction." Jonathan Burnham, Editor in Chief & President, Talk Miramax Books.
"It's quite a story " The legendary Alice Mayhew, Vice-President & Editorial Director, Simon & Schuster.
"This book out-Dallas, Dallas. No one has written so well of the other side of paradise," Francis T. Seow, former Solicitor General of Singapore
ThunderBall Films is successfully putting together the movie production of Escape from Paradise and has received a new LOI (Letter of Intent) from actress Bai Ling who starred with Richard Gere in the film Red Cross.
Escape from Paradise – the Promotional Trailer
Mary Bancroft – Master Spy
"I can't understand what the f–k you are saying." The voice came from an elderly lady in the back row of my computer class. It was from Mary Bancroft, a part owner of The Wall Street Journal. She is the author of Autobiography of a Spy and was the woman behind the plot to kill Hitler, the lover of CIA chief, Allen Dulles, the lady who invited me to dinner to meet Woody Allen and, yes, Mary Bancroft was my computer student.
Click to buy: https://amzn.to/2V6MOwC
Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 John Harding
« Is Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew the world's richest man?
The scandal of Tony Tan, Singapore presidential candidate »
CNN: Hillary's Libyan Mullah frees 600 Al Qaeda terrorists from prison
Mullah Mustafa Abdul Jalil
Tripoli, Libya (CNN) reports that " Hundreds of Islamist militants were among the prisoners freed from a notorious Tripoli prison this week, according to a former Libyan jihadist.
"The freed militants had been imprisoned in Tripoli's Abu Salim prison by Moammar Gadhafi's regime during the height of the insurgency in Iraq, according to Noman Benotman, once a senior figure in the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group. Benotman said he believes as many as pro al Qaeda 600 militants may have been among the prison population at Abu Salim."
The Libyan rebels are firmly under the control of Shariah lawyer and Muslim Mullah (religious leader) Mustafa Abdul Jalil, Obama and Hillary Clinton's choice to be the next ruler of Libya.
Hillary and Obama have the media behind them in this effort.
Neighboring Algeria, which waged a long battle against Islamist insurgents in the 1990s, has already expressed concern about the instability in Libya being exploited by al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb and other jihadist groups. Algerian officials are also concerned that weapons such as ground-to-air missiles may have fallen into militant hands, a worry that has also been expressed by U.S. commanders.
According to Al Jazeera, "Before Tripoli has completely fallen, before Gaddafi and his supporters have stepped down and before the blood dries on the bodies that have yet to be counted, Western powers are already eyeing up what they view us just rewards for the intervention.
"There are no more illusions over how far NATO forces exceeded the UN security resolution that mandated its campaign. For months, NATO officials insisted it was operating within brief – an air campaign, designed to protect civilians under threat of attack. But now it is described as an 'open secret' that NATO countries were operating undercover, on the ground.
"Add to that the reluctance to broker a negotiated exit, the practice of advising, arming and training the rebels, and the spearheading of an escalation in violence and it looks like NATO's job morphed from protecting civilians to regime change."
This is good news for Hillary Clinton and Big Business in America.
And Hillary wants more—another regime change in Syria.
The Obama administrations media mouthpiece, CNN's Anderson Vanderbilt Cooper, literally shrieks , Goebbels-like, for regime change in Syria.
Mr. Cooper is well-suited for the job of pushing for war, both by nature and by nurture. Cooper's Mommy, Gloria Vanderbilt was heiress to the vast Vanderbilt New York Central railroad fortune at the young age of 15 months. Anderson Vanderbilt Cooper was born into the world of Big Business.
Meanwhile, on a much lower level economically than Hillary or Anderson, polls show that the American people oppose America's series of wars. The Rasmussen poll shows that only 12% of America wants war with Syria and only 20% want to bomb Libya.
Unfortunately, the American people no longer have much say in the matter.
October 16, 2012 update:
The attack on the U.S. Consulate in Benghazi and the murder of Ambassador Stevens' had nothing to do with an American video tape desicrating the prophet, Mohammed.
It was a well-planned attack by Al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations, who were liberated by the American bombing of Libya.
Al Qaeda and their fellow travelers in Libya are far more dangerous than Gadhafi ever was. The American bombing of Libya provided weapons to Al Qaeda who is now oberating in Syria, Yemen, Iraq, Mali and Pakistan.
The Obama administration with Hillary Clinton failed totally to understand the Middle East, and their bombing of Lybia has unleashed hundreds if not thousands of well-armed terrorists throughout the region.
December 4, 2012 update: U.S. weapons sent to Libya wind up with terrorists:
New York Times Report, December 5, 2012 – Click!
August 27th, 2011 | Tags: Al Qaeda, Hillary Clinton, Mustafa Abdul Jabril | Category: Libya
6 comments to CNN: Hillary's Libyan Mullah frees 600 Al Qaeda terrorists from prison
We're so in debt, that anymore wars that America takes on, is going to wipe off the middle class!
If we get a Republican Prez, us small folks are gonna be screwed.
Big business, more wars, it's just mad what the powers may be can do th Main Street Americans.
More jobs will be lost in the coming months.
Madness!!!
America wants the OIL that Libya is selling to China.
That's why we're in Libya! It's going to be another Iraq.
I don't know how we average Americans are going to pay for this?
We're not going to retire till we're 80.
All these politicians are feathering their own nests!
I'm just so furious when I read this!
The news media don't tell it like you, John!
You make it easy for me to understand what the hell is going on. Thank you!
My kids and grandkids are all going to be paying for all of this nonsense that our elected politicians are doing.
And our jobs are going fast.
Why does Hillary wear robes? Can't she just wear her pantsuit, 'robe-free'?
She's an American, not a middle-easterner!
Copyright © 2021 Getting at the truth - All Rights Reserved


The 10th "EUROPE-INBO 2012" international conference, organised by the "Group of European Basin Organizations for the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive", will take place on 17-18-19 October 2012 in Istanbul, at the invitation of the Turkish Authorities and the Turkish Water Institute (SUEN).
For three years, the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive has been in an active and operational phase, which directly involves the Basin Organizations or the "District Authorities" and all their partners that are facing operational problems in the field. The aim of INBO is to enable them to informally exchange their practical experiences.
In this year 2012, which is the "European Water Year", we shall pay, of course, special attention to the project of "the Blueprint to safeguard Europe's Waters" and to the "Fitness Check" of EU Freshwater Policy, which are prepared by the European Commission.
The meeting is open to all INBO member organizations and observers, and also to all the water administrations and organizations, interested in the implementation of the Framework Directive and its "Daughter Directives", of the member and candidate countries of the European Union and of all the other countries of the Balkans, Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia and of the Mediterranean basin.
The meeting will focus on the major current topics on the implementation of the Framework Directive (WFD) in the National and Transboundary River Basin Districts.
Round Table 1: Water, food and energy nexus – the dilemmas, experiences, costs and benefits: WFD and Hydropower – Agro-environmental measures in the CAP reform, etc.
Round Table 2: Experiences on the implementation of the WFD principles and tools in EECCA and Mediterranean Partner Countries.
Round Table 3: Improve water governance in transboundary basins: WFD International Districts – UNECE Water Convention 1992, Bi and multilateral cooperation, data sharing, basin modeling and planning.
Round Table 4: Adapt to challenges linked to climate change and prevent extreme phenomena: Implementation of the Flood Directive, drought risk reduction.
Round Table 5: Develop new approaches of rivers restoration and protection of water ecosystems: Hydro-morphology, Environmental flows, basin rehabilitation, inter-basin transfers.
Round Table 6: Economic analysis, cost recovery under the WFD, value of ecosystems services, Water resources uses efficiency, involvement and solidarity of the stakeholders.
We will also talk about the results of the 6th World Water Forum, the UN "RIO+20" Conference and will give a progress report on the "World Pact for better basin management".


As a next step, and in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the military chain of command, Obama decided to reverse a long-standing policy of not sending condolence letters to the families of service members who commit suicide while deployed to a combat zone.
U.S. Senator Jon Tester (D-Mont.), a member of the Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee, was part of a small group of bipartisan senators in asking for this policy change.


text:
Benjamin Waldecker (* 2. Februar 1983 in Mannheim) ist ein deutscher Fußballspieler.

Karriere
In der Jugend spielte Waldecker für den SV Waldhof Mannheim. Über die Jugend und die zweite Mannschaft kam er im Jahr 2003 in die erste Mannschaft des Vereins. 2006 wechselte er zum SV Sandhausen, mit dem er 2007 in die Regionalliga Süd und 2008 in die 3. Liga aufstieg. Da Waldecker in seiner letzten Saison beim SV Sandhausen nur noch selten zum Zug kam, kehrte er zur Saison 2010/11 wieder zurück zum SV Waldhof Mannheim. Zur Saison 2011/12 wechselt Benjamin Waldecker zum Oberligisten SpVgg Neckarelz. Mit dem Verein stieg er in der Saison 2012/13 als Meister in die Regionalliga Südwest auf. In der folgenden Spielzeit kam er in der Hinrunde lediglich auf vier Regionalligaeinsätze und wechselte in der Winterpause zum Landesligisten TSV Amicitia Viernheim. Nach Abschluss der Saison 2014/15 beendete Waldecker seine Karriere als Spieler.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Deutscher
Geboren 1983
Mann
Fußballspieler (SpVgg Neckarelz)
Fußballspieler (SV Sandhausen)
Fußballspieler (SV Waldhof Mannheim)
Fußballspieler (TSV Amicitia Viernheim)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
/* TEMPLATE GENERATED TESTCASE FILE
Filename: CWE761_Free_Pointer_Not_at_Start_of_Buffer__wchar_t_file_82_goodB2G.cpp
Label Definition File: CWE761_Free_Pointer_Not_at_Start_of_Buffer.label.xml
Template File: source-sinks-82_goodB2G.tmpl.cpp
*/
/*
 * @description
 * CWE: 761 Free Pointer not at Start of Buffer
 * BadSource: file Read input from a file
 * Sinks:
 *    GoodSink: free() memory correctly at the start of the buffer
 *    BadSink : free() memory not at the start of the buffer
 * Flow Variant: 82 Data flow: data passed in a parameter to an virtual method called via a pointer
 *
 * */
#ifndef OMITGOOD

#include "std_testcase.h"
#include "CWE761_Free_Pointer_Not_at_Start_of_Buffer__wchar_t_file_82.h"

#define SEARCH_CHAR L'S'

namespace CWE761_Free_Pointer_Not_at_Start_of_Buffer__wchar_t_file_82
{

void CWE761_Free_Pointer_Not_at_Start_of_Buffer__wchar_t_file_82_goodB2G::action(wchar_t * data)
{
    {
        size_t i;
        /* FIX: Use a loop variable to traverse through the string pointed to by data */
        for (i=0; i < wcslen(data); i++)
        {
            if (data[i] == SEARCH_CHAR)
            {
                printLine("We have a match!");
                break;
            }
        }
        free(data);
    }
}

}
#endif /* OMITGOOD */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Duo picks up pace as River Mill boys advance
Zachary Horner / Times-News correspondent
Feb 26, 2013 at 12:01 AM Feb 26, 2013 at 12:52 AM
GRAHAM � A big 3-pointer gave the North Carolina School of Science and Math boys a two-point lead, and the momentum was on their side.
But River Mill�s Jesse Crawford and R.J. Alvarado said not so fast.
The duo combined for 38 points and helped the Jaguars defeat the visiting Unicorns 62-47 on Monday night in the first round of the Class 1-A state playoffs.
River Mill (15-12) will take on South Creek on Wednesday night at home.
The game went back and forth for the entire first half and most of the third quarter. The Unicorns led by four twice in that span, aided by 13 first-half points from Joseph Chukwu, who finished with 20 points.
�Although the score would indicate it was a pretty good game, the first half we were just sluggish, getting out on shooters contesting shots, a little stagnant on offense,� said River Mill coach Lemont Turner.
Chukwu hit a 3 to put NCSSM (6-15) ahead 34-32 with 3:30 remaining in the third quarter. That�s when River Mill came alive, thanks to Crawford and Alvarado.
It started with a jumper by Crawford to tie the score. He then found Cody Moore in the post for a layup to take the lead. Alvarado had eight straight points and the Jaguars led 44-37 just 16 seconds into the fourth quarter.
�Give them credit,� said NCSSM coach Anthony Myles. �They rebounded the ball well in the third quarter, they got second chance opportunities and they deserved to win the game. My hat�s off to them.�
Chukwu, who scored 35 points in the Unicorns� previous matchup, was limited to two points in the fourth quarter as the Jaguars ran away by hitting shot after shot. NCSSM pulled to within three with 6:23 left in the final frame, but River Mill went on a 9-0 run to go ahead by double digits for the remainder of the game.
Alvarado finished with a team-high 20 points, 14 in the final 10:31. Crawford contributed 18. Alec Buie scored nine points while Moore contributed eight points off the bench.
�I�ve said it all along, all year long, all last year. (Alvarado and Crawford) are the gas in the engine. We�re only as good as they are,� Turner said. �When they play well, then the whole team plays well. They seem to feed off of those two. Two tremendous players. I hate to lose them this year.�
Michael Kearney added 12 points for the Unicorns, who were outscored 40-22 in the second half.
�I just believe we need to continue to have to play good team ball,� Turner said. �Work hard, that�s the only chance that we will have in advancing, playing ball, working together, playing hard.�


text:
vapaasanahaku
Instituutti
vapaasanahaku tarkennettu haku
etusivu / julkaisut / President Joe Biden and the restoration of US...
President Joe Biden and the restoration of US global leadership: Turning the tide?
Julkaistu 10.12.2020 · FIIA Briefing Paper 297
info Lukutila
Resetting the US foreign policy compass
Tests of US leadership, domestic and foreign
Addressing global challenges
Transatlantic relations under Biden
The Indo-Pacific theatre
A more restrained approach in the Middle East and North Africa
Implications for the Nordic states – life improves and goes on
Yhdysvaltojen tuleva presidentti Joe Biden tavoittelee maan kansainvälisen johtajaroolin palauttamista sitoutumalla kansainvälisiin sopimuksiin ja tekemällä yhteistyötä. Biden pitää kansainvälisen yhteistyön roolia merkittävänä, ja erityisesti ilmastonmuutoksen, koronaviruspandemian ja ydinaseiden vastaisissa toimissa yhteistyötä pitää tehdä kaikkien maiden kanssa.
Euroopan maat ottavat innostuneesti vastaan yhteistyöhön, kunnioitukseen ja luottamukseen nojaavat transatlanttiset suhteet. Suhteet auttavat globaalien haasteiden ja turvallisuuskysymysten ratkaisua Euroopassa. Euroopan ja Yhdysvaltain näkemyserot työnjaossa, Kiina-suhteissa ja talouspolitiikassa erityisesti digitaalisaatiossa kuitenkin säilyvät.
Bidenin hallinnon linjaukset Intian ja Tyynenmeren alueella keskittyvät kumppanuuksien vahvistamiseen, yhteistyöhön ja asevoimien kapasiteetin kehittämiseen. Tavoitteena on puolustaa alueellista järjestystä ja pyrkiä asiaperustaiseen yhteistyöhön Kiinan kanssa. Kova linja Pekingiä kohtaan pysyy kuitenkin entisellään.
Pohjoismaille Bidenin kiinnostus monenkeskisyyttä ja transatlanttisia suhteita kohtaan on kiistatta positiivinen muutos. Uusi hallinto ei kuitenkaan todennäköisesti muokkaa radikaalisti kahdenvälisiä suhteita, jotka kaikkiaan ovat jo nyt hyviä.
The election of Joe Biden as president and Kamala Harris as vice president of the United States has generally been welcomed across the world. Allies and partners are relieved that they will again be treated with respect as common issues are addressed, while having been reminded that they too must 'step up' and not only rely on the United States. Even adversaries and competitors acknowledge that it is preferable for the north star of US foreign policy to be something other than impulsive unpredictability. Based on Joe Biden's worldview, the world will see a return to more traditional foreign policy precepts. This is reflected in Biden's choice of individuals for senior security policy positions in his administration.
While the United States is a global power, each administration addresses the more enduring national interests in different ways. In the coming years, key issues to address include, first, global challenges such as climate change and pandemics; second, strengthening the transatlantic relationship and global cooperation between democratic states more broadly; and third, reinforcing the US relationship with various Asian allies and partners, and managing competition with China. From a Nordic perspective, the Biden administration is expected to continue the cooperative agenda regarding regional security (bolstering defence cooperation and deterring against Russian encroachment) carried over from the Obama and Trump administrations, while more robustly addressing global issues such as climate change.
Biden has pledged that under his administration, the United States would seek to 'restore […] [its] respected leadership on the world stage'. In his assessment, '[t]he United States must lead not just with the example of power, but the power of our example'.[1] These are lofty statements that underline key strands in how President-elect Biden thinks when it comes to the role of the United States in the international arena. America's global friends will almost unanimously welcome efforts by Biden to reassert US commitment to international institutions – such as the UN and NATO – and the broader rules-based order, as well as to rebuild relationships with key allies in Europe and the Indo-Pacific region.
Despite Biden's high-flown pledges, the new administration has a tough task ahead, with multiple domestic and global challenges. One issue weighing heavily on the minds of leaders in other countries is how far Biden will actually go. For instance, returning to the Iran nuclear deal (JCPOA, Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) or renegotiating US entry into the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP; now CPTPP, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership) will be tougher asks than reiterating US commitment to NATO's Article 5 or re-joining the Paris Agreement on climate change. Any pretensions of global leadership for a superpower like the United States are intimately tied to three interrelated factors: material (i.e. economic and military) endowments, domestic (political) factors, and international followership.[2] At present, all three pose potential headaches for the incoming administration.
First, taking a longue durée perspective, much has recently been made of the relative power shift from the United States to China, or from the West to 'the Rest'. Although the US retains a considerable lead in military power capabilities over its most pertinent near-peer competitor, America's 'unipolar moment' is slowly receding as the 21st century progresses. The Covid-19 pandemic has added a new layer of uncertainty to this process.
Second, the presidential election showed that the United States remains a polarized country afflicted by hyper-partisanship. Internal dynamics are far more important than at any time during the Cold War; politics does not stop at the water's edge. The election result has illustrated that Donald Trump's brand of politics still enjoys sizable support in the country, and his transactionalist, aloof and even nativist approach to the wider world is a key part of this appeal. Thus, President-elect Biden has also emphasized that he would conduct a 'foreign policy for the middle class',[3] suggesting that under his leadership the US will not necessarily reassume its traditional role as an unequivocal defender of liberal trading practices. Political gridlock in Washington D.C. is likely to affect Biden's ability to gain funding for key foreign policy initiatives that the Republicans appear unwilling to support, such as climate action or cooperation on the pandemic under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO).
Alongside political gridlock in Washington D.C., there has been a discernible shift in the debates that take place within the US foreign policy establishment. The hitherto dominant liberal-internationalist/interventionist approach is challenged by robust arguments regarding 'offshore balancing', 'restraint' or 'retrenchment', calling for a reduced global military presence and less focus on the promotion of liberal-democratic values to, feasibly, guard against 'imperial overstretch'.[4]
Third, and relatedly, the Biden presidency needs followers if it is to restore American leadership in the international arena. Traditionally, the US has fostered such followership by tying its power to international institutions that not only foster cooperation but also enjoy a modicum of global legitimacy. It has also nurtured a network of allies and partners that have consented to US leadership in return for certain 'public goods', including open trade arteries or security protection, that are provided by the leader. These institutional and relational dimensions of US leadership have become increasingly strained during the Trump presidency, as the White House incumbent sought to reframe US international engagement in terms of a narrow 'America First' reading of national interests. While Trump's reign was limited to one administration, it has served as a needed wakeup call for partners and allies, especially in Europe.
Biden's decades of foreign policy experience, as a senator and as vice president, are apparent in the way in which he seeks to address the most pressing global challenges through increased cooperation. In the short term this means Covid-19, as well as preparation for future pandemics. Of more consequence in Biden's view is climate change, which he views as an existential threat, writing that 'If we don't get this right, nothing else will matter'.[5] This implies a determination about addressing the issue, confirmed by his appointment of former Secretary of State, John Kerry, as the climate change envoy. Biden has made it clear that he would immediately set the US on course to rejoin the Paris Agreement, seek more ambitious agreements, and place the US on a path to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. A more limited but global challenge is posed by nuclear weapons, which Biden has said must be addressed not only with Russia but also China, even if extending the US-Russia New START is likely to be a first step. In the future, Biden may even consider announcing a no-first-use policy.
Biden sees the multilateral international institutions and alliances that the US helped to build as Washington's greatest foreign policy accomplishment since the Second World War. It is hardly surprising therefore that Biden is intent upon supporting and working through those international institutions, including the United Nations and its 'family' of organizations, such as the WHO. The overall attitude of the incoming administration towards international organizations is also more positive, with Biden arguing during his 2008 presidential campaign that the United States has voted for UN operations in the Security Council and must therefore ensure that its economic contribution is in line with its expressed political ambition.
President-elect Biden also sees the need for the US to work with those with whom it shares the foundational idea of the importance of democracy. While Biden has not used the 'league of democracies' term, he has called for a 'Summit for Democracy' to agree on means to combat corruption, defend against authoritarianism, and advance human rights. Biden has promised to issue a presidential directive making the fight against corruption a core national security interest, including attempts to bring increased transparency to global financial flows. Defending against authoritarianism is seen to include election security and helping allies to halt ongoing slides towards authoritarianism; this may cause some friction as Hungary, Poland and Turkey, for example, fall into this category of treaty allies.
The mood in EU capitals after Biden's victory can best be described as cautiously hopeful. Hopeful, because Biden's transatlantic and multilateral approach to foreign policy matches European preferences and allows – at the very least – for the dialogue to be restarted on many of the joint challenges. Cautious, because more than during previous presidential transitions, European governments are acutely aware of Biden's leadership challenges both at home and in a more competitive international environment.
Biden's victory reshuffles intra-EU politics. The Franco-German core agrees on the positive assessment of the opportunities of the new US administration.[6] Biden might support efforts to strengthen European strategic autonomy on defence matters if it does not represent a decoupling from the US and NATO. An increase in the EU's role in securing its own neighbourhood would be particularly welcomed by a US that focuses its security efforts elsewhere. A new focus on the EU as a security framework could displease the Polish government, which fared well under Trump's bilateral approach to security cooperation.
On Ukraine, the Biden administration is likely to show more continuity in security matters, making it clear that the United States supports Ukraine in its fight against Russia by, among other things, continuing to provide 'lethal aid'. While the Western Balkans are unlikely to be a top priority for the Biden administration, a more cooperative and coherent approach might help to make progress in the region. Whereas previous years have been marked by lost opportunities, EU-US cooperation on the Balkans could now focus on a coordinated diplomatic approach to Serbia-Kosovo talks, the fight against corruption in the region, and a pushback against Russian interference tactics.
Turkey will be a challenge for the new Biden administration. If Biden's goal is to reinstate US leadership, the US has many reasons to follow a tougher approach towards Turkey, condemn authoritarian developments, impose sanctions on Turkey's S-400 weapons procurement from Russia, and push back against Ankara's aggressive stance in the Mediterranean. While Turkey as a NATO partner still has strategic relevance in the region, Erdogan will have difficulties in engaging a more professional and multilaterally focussed Biden foreign-policy machinery.
While the NATO family as a whole is happy to welcome a 'return to normal' with a Biden presidency, it is clear that equitable burden-sharing, strategic direction and the increasing heterogeneity of the membership will remain issues irrespective of who is in office as US president. NATO members will have to ensure that they fulfil their commitments in terms of raw defence spending numbers and increased capabilities.
EU and US cooperation on trade and regulations is, however, likely to initially receive the lion's share of the attention. The incoming US Secretary of State, Tony Blinken, has already called for an end to the 'artificial trade war' with the EU.[7] While a return to the ambitious TTIP agenda of the past is unlikely, the idea of a more limited trade deal on industrial goods has been floated.
Transatlantic economic and technological cooperation will be an important element in countering a more assertive China in the eyes of the Biden administration. While the EU is increasingly prepared to confront Chinese economic assertiveness and technological threats, it prefers to do so via multilateral engagement and with limited compromises as far as its trade interests are concerned. The fact that Biden's incoming national security advisor has emphasized cooperation with likeminded partners and warned against full-scale decoupling when confronting China might indicate that there will be common ground.[8] EU leaders seem to be willing to tackle these issues head-on, and have offered new formats for close cooperation on trade and technological cooperation in late 2020.
The Indo-Pacific region will become a key priority for the Biden administration. The world's fastest-growing region is witnessing rapidly expanding economic integration, as well as deepening connectivity networks, not least driven forward by China. It houses five out of seven of the US's main collective security treaties and is marked by a high number of regional flashpoints, including Taiwan, North Korea, the East China Sea, and the South China Sea. Just as importantly, China's rise is perceived as aiming to challenge and revise the established world order.[9]
President Barack Obama's 'Pivot to Asia', launched in 2012 and later rebranded as a 'Rebalance to Asia', may have been a diplomatic and rhetorical success, but largely failed on the ground. US leadership further eroded as Trump advocated bilateral trade deals and took a transactionalist approach to allies, casting doubts on US commitments in Asia. Partly as a result of this, Japan took on a leading role in continuing negotiations for the successor to the TPP, the CPTPP. In general, allies and partners have shown more willingness to balance the rise of China (and hedge against potential future US abandonment) by becoming more proactive and increasing cooperation among themselves and with the US. Japan and Australia, for example, have been boosting their defence cooperation, and Japan has been very proactive in driving forward the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, commonly referred to as 'the Quad', a forum for security discussions with the US, Australia and India.
Joe Biden will almost certainly place greater emphasis on the Indo-Pacific than his predecessor, but what would a successful Indo-Pacific policy look like? As argued by Michael Green, in order to have an effective grand strategy, the US needs to implement a threefold strategic concept.[10] First, reinforce a regional order underpinned by US leadership and strong alliances, partnerships, trade agreements and multilateral engagement; second, work towards a stable and productive relationship with China; and third, continue to ensure the military capabilities necessary to defeat attempts to overturn the current regional order. Biden faces tough challenges in all three fields.
The new administration will aim to restore trust and credibility in order to strengthen the network of allies and partners. Trust in the US as an ally and a leading power in the region has decreased significantly among partners in Asia, and American influence has become noticeably weaker. Biden has already initiated this trust restoration process, confirming to newly-appointed Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga that the security treaty applies to the contested Senkaku Islands, for example. Rebuilding relations with other allies such as South Korea and the Philippines remains key. In the field of international economic policy, Biden is unlikely to return to megaregional trade negotiations, upholding the banner of 'a foreign policy for the middle class'.
As for US relations with China, both countries ultimately seek a less conflictual bilateral relationship, but what that means in practice differs significantly. For the US, a tougher line against China, including tariffs, will likely remain, in light of the bipartisan consensus on this issue. At the same time, however, the US will seek issue-based cooperation with China in fields such as climate change, global health and pandemics, and non-proliferation. Denuclearizing North Korea in particular requires a constructive relationship with China. Continuing the 'strategic dialogues' initiated during the Obama administration seems likely, as well as developing some mutual 'rules of the road' in the security realm.
In the military sphere, the Biden administration will likely invest in projecting naval power in order to deter China. The Trump administration floated ambitious plans to expand the number of vessels in the Indo-Pacific earlier this year with a view to maintaining naval superiority over Beijing. In order to restore the credibility of the US in the eyes of regional allies, it is expected that Biden will underwrite an expansion of US military capabilities in the region, while pushing its allies to contribute more concretely to support freedom of navigation and cyber defence efforts.
Like its two predecessors, the Biden administration comes into office determined to place less emphasis on the Greater Middle East region. Although the president-elect did support the 2003 invasion of Iraq, by and large his inclinations vis-à-vis the region have been cautious. In the Obama administration, the then vice president was sceptical of the so-called troop surge in Afghanistan in 2009, uneasy about pressing for Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak to resign in January 2011, and opposed to the US intervention in Libya in March of the same year.
Yet such a restrained approach to the region would not entail placing America's cherished liberal-democratic values on the back burner. In contrast to Trump, whose embrace of the region's autocrats was far too warm for the administration's critics, Biden would be more willing to publicly hold America's regional partners accountable on human rights issues. In the case of Saudi Arabia, for instance, US assistance could become increasingly contingent upon how Riyadh conducts its regional forays, especially with regard to the war in Yemen. For Egypt, new strings could be attached to US military aid if human rights violations persist.
In terms of broader regional security dynamics, the Biden administration is likely to opt for a less ambitious military posture, while trying to exploit and create diplomatic openings that would foster longer-term stability and regional order.[11] This includes building on the recent agreements between Israel and the UAE and Bahrain. In terms of the US-Israel relationship, Biden will assume a more critical stance towards the construction of settlements in the West Bank and seek re-engagement with a Palestinian leadership largely shunned by Trump. However, the time does not seem ripe for rejuvenating negotiations based on the two-state solution, which the president-elect supports in principle.
When it comes to Iran and the JCPOA, the Biden team will seek to reopen the diplomatic file, but progress will require willingness on the part of Iran to come back into compliance with the terms of the nuclear deal. The entire effort may be further complicated by the recent assassination of a key figure in the Iranian nuclear program. While thousands of US troops will remain in the region, their focus is likely to shift more narrowly to counter-terrorism operations against old adversaries such as Al-Qaeda and ISIS, as well as contributing to the deterrence of Iran.
From a Nordic perspective, the Biden administration's focus on multilateralism on a global scale and efforts to improve the transatlantic relationship are more than welcome. It will allow for a re-engagement at the highest US-Nordic political levels on a range of issues, from combatting climate change to improving global gender equality. Yet it is important to acknowledge that during the Trump administration, direct bilateral relationships did not suffer in ways that plagued many other allies and partners around the globe. Rather, in the fields of security and defence – following the path laid by the Obama administration – during Trump's tenure US cooperation with the Nordics became deeper and more active. The Nordics also see a need for increased European cooperation on defence, multi- and minilaterally as well as through NATO and the EU, something that will likely be welcomed by the Biden administration.
The Biden administration is also likely to welcome Nordic coordination and joint actions across a range of issues. The Arctic is an obvious area, and while the Nordics would like to emphasize cooperation in the region while simultaneously deepening defence cooperation, the geopolitical realities that are further exacerbated by 'great power competition' between the US and China mean that neither the US nor the Nordics should expect to agree on all Arctic matters. However, as 'defending democracy' is emerging as a theme for the Biden administration, the five Nordic countries could help the Biden administration reach some of its goals at the proposed Summit for Democracy. Overall, the most significant impact of the change in administrations is that the international rules-based order, on which all of the export-driven small Nordic states rely, sees its historical champion return. Combined with clear efforts to improve the transatlantic relationship, also critical for all Nordic countries, the generally optimistic atmosphere in the Nordic capitals is understandable. The magnitude of global, regional and domestic challenges – all of which are crying out for immediate attention by President Biden – is recognized among the Nordics, and it seems likely that they will be happy to seek out opportunities to work with and support efforts to tackle those challenges.
[1] The Biden-Harris Presidential Campaign, 'The Power of America's Example: The Biden Plan for Leading the Democratic World to Meet The Challenges of the 21st Century,' 2020, https://joebiden.com/americanleadership/#.
[2] See e.g. Ville Sinkkonen, Failing Hegemony? Four Essays on the Global Engagement of the United States of America in the 21st Century (Turku: University of Turku, 2020), http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-29-8262-2.
[3] Joseph R. Biden Jr., 'Why America Must Lead Again,' Foreign Affairs, 99, no. 2 (2020), 64–76.
[4] Cf. Thomas J. Wright, 'The Folly of Retrenchment,' Foreign Affairs 99, no. 2 (2020): 10–18; John J. Mearsheimer and Stephen M. Walt, 'The Case for Offshore Balancing,' Foreign Affairs 95, no. 4 (2016): 70–84; Stephen Wertheim, 'The Price of Primacy,' Foreign Affairs 99, no. 2 (2020), 19–29.
[5] Biden, 'Why America Must Lead Again,' p. 74.
[6] Jean-Yves Le Drian and Heiko Maas, 'Joe Biden Can Make Transatlantic Unity Possible,' Washington Post, November 16, 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/11/16/german-french-foreign-ministers-joe-biden-transatlantic-unity/.
[7] Quoted in Reuters, 'Biden Would End Trade War with EU, but Focus on Fixing Imbalance in AG Trade: Adviser,' September 22, 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-eu-biden-idUSKCN26D1UN.
[8] Kurt M. Campbell and Jake Sullivan, 'Competition Without Catastrophe: How America Can Both Challenge and Coexist with China,' Foreign Affairs 98, no. 5 (2019), 96–110.
[9] See U.S. Department of State, 'The Elements of the China Challenge,' November 2020, https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/20-02832-Elements-of-China-Challenge-508.pdf.
[10] Green, Michael, By More Than Providence: Grand Strategy and American Power in the Asia Pacific Since 1783 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2017), p. 543.
[11] Daniel Benaim and Jake Sullivan, 'America's Opportunity in the Middle East: Diplomacy Could Succeed Where Military Force Has Failed,' Foreign Affairs, May 22, 2020, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2020-05-22/americas-opportunity-middle-east.
Vanhempi tutkija
Bart Gaens
Projektin johtaja - Yhdysvaltojen politiikan ja vallan tutkimuskeskus
Johtava tutkija – Euroopan strateginen autonomia
EU:n ulkosuhteet Globaali hallinta Ilmastopolitiikka Monenkeskinen yhteistyö Yhdysvallat fi FIIA Briefing Paper
Tilaa sisältöjä
Ulkopoliittinen Instituutti
etunimi.sukunimi@fiia.fi


Home Cellbes Cellbes selects Charlotte Nordén as new CEO!
Charlotte will assume the new role as CEO for Cellbes at the head office in Borås on August 15th. Charlotte Nordén has held various management positions within the fashion industry, such as CEO for Joy, CEO for Desam Fashion Group as well as store manager for Nordiska Kompaniet in Gothenburg.
"Cellbes today holds a very clear and strong position on the market and we see a huge potential in expanding Cellbes as a brand to create an important future growth. Charlotte has with her unique experience exactly the right profile to succeed with the mission of bringing Cellbes to the next level and making it to the most relevant and appreciated fashion company for its customer in Scandinavia." – Freddy Sobin, CEO for Consortio Fashion Group.
"It is with great joy and excitement that I enter the organisation of Cellbes and Consortio Fashion Group! I find Cellbes as a very interesting fashion company, with a long and strong tradition. I feel inspired to take on the task, together with my new colleagues, of entering a new era with Cellbes. The fact that the industry itself is right in the middle of changing dramatically, with focus on digitalization, different structures and customer behaviour, makes the challenge even more interesting with great possibilities to give strength to the image of Cellbes being the number one choice for women." – Charlotte Nordén.
Cellbes has over the years grown into a major and significant fashion company, acclaimed by their customers by maintaining its Cellbes spirit and rich customer knowledge. The majority of sales are still generated by catalog marketing, which is a great source of inspiration for Cellbes customers, but more and more customers find digital channels.


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Q: gcc: how to not compile with warnings I would like to know if there is any gcc flag that doesn't compile to an object file, if there are warnings in the respective source file.
Thanks.

A: gcc -Werror: Make all warnings into errors.

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