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ESOS Compliance Consulting and Audits
What is the Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme (ESOS)?
ESOS is a mandatory energy assessment scheme for organisations in the United Kingdom which meet the criteria, with qualifying organisation mandated to carry out ESOS Assessments every four years which must include (where appropriate), Buildings, Transport and Industrial Processes to identify cost-effective energy saving measures.
Who qualifies for the ESOS scheme?
ESOS Phase III requires the collection and analysis of at least 90% of energy consumption to be audited, where an organisation met the ESOS criteria on 31 December 2022 of a large undertaking, as defined below:
any UK company that either:
employs 250 or more people, or
has an annual turnover in excess of 50 million euro (£44,845,000), and an annual balance sheet total in excess of 43 million euro (£38,566,700)
an overseas company with a UK registered establishment which has 250 or more UK employees (paying income tax in the UK)
ESOS Compliance can be met; using the scheme defined sampling strategies and / or the provision of Display Energy Certificates, physical site Energy Audits by an ESOS Lead Assessor and / or ISO 50001 UKCAS Certified Energy Management System.
Where other fuels such as Transport and Processes can be demonstrated to be less than 10% of overall energy use, these can be regarded as de-minimis for the purpose of the requirements of ESOS. However, it is a requirement of the scheme that these energy uses be audited, to demonstrate they can be regarded as de-minimis.
ESOS Reporting should be presented in accordance with BS EN 16247:2014, Part 2 – Buildings, Part 3 – Processes (where applicable) and Part 4 – Transport (where transport use is not deemed de-minimis).
Why was ESOS introduced and what are the benefits?
ESOS was introduced in order for the United Kingdom to comply with Article 8 of the Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU, incorporated into UK Law June 2014.
The objectives of the policy are to promote the take up of cost-effective energy efficiency measures whilst minimising the cost to business of complying with the mandatory auditing requirements. By providing enterprises with tailored information about how they can make cost-effective savings ESOS should increase the take up of cost-effective energy efficiency measures. This will increase productivity, support higher economic growth, reduce carbon emissions and improve security of supply.
The scheme is estimated to lead to £1.6bn net benefits to the UK businesses as a result of Energy Savings.
We are required to participate with ESOS, are there any Exemptions from undertaking an ESOS Audit?
Your organisation may be exempt from undertaking an ESOS Audit, where the organisation has implemented an Energy Management System and gained UKAS Accreditation to ISO 50001 for all relevant energy consumption, as defined by the Environment Agency. Your organisation will still be required to submit a Notification of Compliance to the Environment Agency, before the ESOS Phase III deadline of 5th December 2023.
ESOS Phase 3 Guidelines
The qualification date for ESOS Phase III is 31 December 2022, with the compliance deadline of 5 December 2023. Energy Use for 31 December 2022 must be included within the 12-month data period when preparing the ESOS Energy Audit Report, as such the earliest energy data to be used may be January to December 2022, up to a maximum of November 2023, although this would risk not submitting a timely compliance report and failing to comply with the scheme by 5 December 2023.
ESOS Phase 3 objectives
The report aims to set out potential energy saving opportunities in short, medium and longer-term projects, with an estimated cost and savings matrix, to enable organisations to readily select opportunities of interest for further exploration, in order to reduce energy cost and Greenhouse gas emissions enabling them to:
Monitor and manage energy consumption.
Identify investment opportunities, with the aim of achieving the greatest savings potential.
Provide an estimated Cost / Benefit Analysis, presented as Net Present Value (NPV), Discounted Cashflow and for very simple, low cost solutions simple payback
Comply with the requirements of ESOS, in a cost-effective and least disruptive manner.
ESOS Phase 3 scope
An outline of the work required to complete and submit an ESOS assessment includes:
Analysis of energy consumption for Natural Gas, Electricity and Transport Fuel
Assessment of building infrastructure to facilitate a sampling approach and most cost-effective method of energy auditing
Physical site visits to identify
– Significant Energy Users
– Opportunities for energy savings
– Confirmation of Gross Internal Areas and Energy Density (of selection of buildings)
– Analysis of Heating and Cooling Degree Day Data (appropriate to building use)
– Physical check of energy metering and proposals for improved monitoring
– Assessment of Building Fabric, Thermal Bridges, and Insulation
Evaluation and calculations against energy saving opportunities, presented in a matrix, ordered in short, medium, and long-term paybacks, showing kilowatt-hour, tCO2 and financial savings, with simple paybacks.
Finalised Report in PDF Format to BS EN 16247:2014, and submission to the Environment Agency before the compliance deadline.
We suggest using your Financial Year data, as the energy data must contain usage as at 31 December of the relevant compliance year, for ESOS Phase III the data needs to include your energy usage as at 31st December 2022.
Should you fall under the Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting scheme, we recommend aligning your energy data with your financial year, as a methodology of providing continuous assessment and comparison, whilst reducing duplication in future years for ESOS Phase IV for example?
How Powerful Allies can help?
Powerful Allies can undertake your ESOS Compliance work, utilising our in-house ESOS Registered Lead Assessor. We would advocate where organisations meet both ESOS and the Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting, that these are carried out consecutively, minimising disruption and cost. During Phase I and II of ESOS, many organisations were unaware of the complexities, and time required to undertake a meaningful audit, as such their reports may have found themselves in the back of a drawer. It is essential that the auditor gets to understand the operational requirements of the business, has sufficient time to produce a targeted and valuable report. You should start planning your ESOS Phase III compliance now; building on the requirements of the Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting (SECR), the sooner you start the greater the savings.


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Home›Opinions›Beyond Campus›Opinions: A Reflection on the AIPAC Policy Conference
Opinions: A Reflection on the AIPAC Policy Conference
by Evan Goldstein
Author's note: I spent the first weekend of spring break in DC for the American-Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) Policy Conference. AIPAC is a political group "working to strengthen relations between the United States and Israel", and this year's conference featured prominent pro-Israel speakers, including Senator Chuck Schumer, Secretary John Kerry, and Israeli Prime Minister Benyamin Netanyahu. Below is my reflection on, and response to, the 2014 AIPAC Policy Conference. The arguments reflect only my own views, and not those of any organizations with which I am affiliated.
No matter your opinion of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, there seems to be at least one empirically obvious fact on which we can all agree: the situation is complicated. Yet even this basic premise does not figure into AIPAC's framing of the state of affairs in the Middle East. Indeed, AIPAC paints a picture of an Israel that can do no wrong and a Palestine that is nothing but an aggressor. They pay lip service to approval of a two-state solution, but unequivocally deny that Israel has done anything to impede progress towards a lasting resolution. Aside from being historically questionable, such a view is harmful to the entire project of pursuing peace. A complex situation demands nuanced discussion, and every day that we allow ideologues to dominate the discourse with oversimplified applause lines is another day that people on both sides of the border suffer the consequences of conflict.
But perhaps more perniciously, AIPAC's dichotomous presentation of the situation actively facilitates the complete dehumanization of the Palestine people. It was ironically stated on a panel this weekend that trips to Israel, which are coordinated and funded through AIPAC, help show lawmakers and activists "the human aspect" of the conflict. But this claim seems obviously false. AIPAC-funded trips to Israel might provide some perspective on one side of the border, but to suggest they present a comprehensive picture of the human costs of the conflict is to implicitly deny the full humanity of the Palestinian people. To speak of human consequences on one side of the border without actively acknowledging and showing genuine concern for abject poverty on the other is to imply that the other side of the border is not worth caring about. AIPAC's disregard for the suffering of the Palestinians is only thus sustainable insofar as Palestinians are viewed as less than human. Indeed, based on the speeches and panels at AIPAC, one would never know the poverty and economic deprivation that are a daily reality in Palestine.
Too often, both at AIPAC and in American political discourse more generally, "Palestinian" is synonymous with "terrorist", without any effort made to understand or even acknowledge their rich cultural and religious heritage. At a minimum, this viewpoint allows Americans to ignore the oppression of millions of people. But in practice, it also blames the Palestinians for their own suffering. They wouldn't be oppressed, the argument goes, if they weren't such Israel-hating, anti-Semitic terrorists. The Palestinian people wouldn't live in poverty if only they were more civilized. As though there is something wrong with refusing to accept exile and occupation as historical, or even cosmological, necessities. Indeed, on the same panel described above, a sitting Democratic Congressman claimed that a two-state solution was against the will of the Palestinians, who all want, he asserted without evidence, to see Israel destroyed. While the absurdity of this statement should be apparent, it was accepted as uncontroversial by the crowd at AIPAC. So long as one of the most powerful forces in American politics views the Palestinian people as an a-human amalgam at best, and a force of inhumane evil at worst, there can be no lasting peace.
In order to make peace, we must dispel the false notion that one cannot be pro-Israel and pro-Palestine. We must resist AIPAC's ideological rigidity and make space in our political discourse for both a recognition of the full humanity of the Palestinians, and thus a genuine concern for their oppression, as well as the acceptability of legitimate criticism of Israel. Those who truly want peace will not only criticize Hamas for firing rockets into Southern Israel, but will also criticize Israel for building illegal settlements on the sovereign land of the Palestinians. Those who truly want peace will not forget the displacement of Palestinians by Israeli paramilitary groups in 1948, nor will they scoff at the legitimate claims to a right of return for Palestinian refugees. Those who truly want peace will not, as the crowd at AIPAC did, sit in silence when Secretary Kerry correctly describes Mahmoud Abbas as a "partner in peace". Just as we are rightly concerned about young children in Tsederot, Israel with PTSD, we should be concerned about young children in Gaza who starve because of the Israeli blockade, and we should be able to voice that concern. Peace will only come when we are allowed to openly criticize Israel where criticism is warranted, and AIPAC is indisputably an obstacle to the fair-minded dialogue that is required.
I'd like to close on a different note, though, in addressing an argument made by speakers often during the conference: namely, that the legacy of the Holocaust demands the ultra-hawkish, pro-Israel stance that AIPAC defends. I am a Jew, and as such, I take the Holocaust very seriously. But I can think of no greater affront to the memory of those who faced extermination at the hands of the Nazis than to use the Holocaust as a means of passing over, or even justifying, further oppression. Indeed, while the historical and theological consequences of the Holocaust for Jews are manifold and still being discerned, surely one must be the clear imperative for Jews to vehemently oppose oppression of any kind, whether it is Jews or Palestinians who suffer.
To apply an imprimatur of unqualified moral rightness to Israel's every action is clearly misguided, but to do so on the basis of the historical fact of the Holocaust should be sacrilege for Jews, insofar as this exploits our historical oppression to rationalize present oppression of others. Using our history to justify acts of oppression is not only antithetical to the peace process, but is fundamentally opposed to the notion of tikkun olam, mending the whole world, which ought to be central to Jewish understandings of justice. Opposing and critiquing the oppression of the Palestinians, then, is not simply important to the pursuit of peace, but is a Jewish moral imperative, one that does not, in my view, contradict the concurrent moral imperative of ensuring Jewish survival.
TagsAIPACAIPAC Policy ConferenceconfictEvan Goldsteinforeign policyinternational relationsisraelIsraeli-Palestine conflictopinionspalestinepeacepolitics
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Bumble Bees in Great Malvern, Worcestershire sleeps 2 people. Bumble Bees in Great Malvern is a one bedroomed, ground floor apartment overlooking communal gardens and set back from the main road, so it's very lovely and peaceful. The owners have lovingly and thoughtfully decorated this property to make it extremely comfortable for friends or a couple to enjoy. Just across the road you will find yourself directly on the path into the Malvern Hills, which is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It is a short walk into Great Malvern's bustling town centre where you will discover many shops, pubs and bars, and a choice of restaurants, as well as the theatre where they hold the Malvern Theatre Festival. Also close by is the Three Counties Showground which holds many exhibitions and shows throughout the year, including the RHS Malvern Spring Festival and the Royal Three Counties Show.
If you wanted to get out and about a bit further, Malvern Link railway station is only 1 mile away. Also worth a visit is the neighbouring town of Upton-on-Severn, famous for its festivals of jazz, folk and blues, and there are many pubs along the river. The cathedral cities of Worcester and Hereford are close by and slightly further afield are Gloucester, Cheltenham and Stratford-upon-Avon. The Cotswolds, the Wye Valley and the Brecon Beacons are also within easy reach. The nearest shops, pubs and restaurants are ½ mile from Bumble Bees in Great Malvern.
Bumble Bees in Great Malvern is al on the ground floor.
Living/dining room: With gas fire, 50 Freeview TV and CD player.
Kitchen: Galley style with electric oven, induction hob, microwave, fridge and dishwasher.
Gas central heating, electricity, bed linen and towels included. Welcome pack. Enclosed courtyard with terrace, garden furniture and barbecue. Lawned garden (shared with other properties on-site). Bike store. Private parking for 1 car; additional on road parking. No smoking. Please note: There is a steep slope and 3 steps in the garden. Holidays at Bumble Bees run from Friday to Friday.
For a better idea of where Bumble Bees is, you can see Bumble Bees on the map below.
Bumble Bees is in Worcestershire; should you be on the lookout for a special offer, you can find all the special offers in Worcestershire. It's always worth checking to see what is on offer at the moment.
Do you want to holiday near Bumble Bees (UKC1797), you can see other cottages within 25 miles of Bumble Bees; have a look to find your perfect holiday location.


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The Xbox One S has more powerful hardware, but will developers take full advantage?
November 28, 2021 June 14, 2016 by Laurent Giret
Microsoft delivered a very interesting E3 2016 keynote yesterday, even if many announcements had already leaked in the press a few days before the annual gaming show. However, while we already knew that the company would announce a slimmer Xbox One as well as a way more powerful hardware revision for late 2017, we're still impressed by what Microsoft has achieved with the new Xbox One S: at a $299 price tag, the gaming console features a 40% smaller body, a 500GB internal HDD, an internal power supply, an IR Blaster and a redesigned controller with bluetooth support.
Following the press event, we also reported yesterday that the new Xbox One S will still run on semi-custom AMD SoCs which is obviously more powerful as it will enable 4K video streaming and HDR support. The Xbox team shared more technical details in a blog post yesterday:
You'll now be able to watch Blu-ray movies and stream video in stunning 4K Ultra HD video, with content from partners like Netflix and Amazon Video. Xbox One S also offers High Dynamic Range (HDR) support for video and gaming, so you can experience richer, more luminous colors in games like Gears of War 4 and Scalebound. With a higher contrast ratio between lights and darks, HDR brings out the true visual depth of your games and media.
On the official product page for the Xbox One S, Microsoft clarified that HDR functionality will be "available with supported games and TVs" which means that it's up to developers to implement it into their games. Furthermore, according to what The Coalition studio head Rod Fergusson explained yesterday to Polygon it's up to developers optimize their games for the Xbox One S :
According to Fergusson, the Xbox One S has additional raw GPU and CPU power compared to the Xbox One, and The Coalition's engineers have been able to take advantage of that to reduce the frequency of frame rate or resolution penalties in more demanding sections of the game.
While Microsoft has clarified yesterday that all existing games and accessories will work with every Xbox One console going forward, some questions still remain. How many upcoming games will leverage the improved performance of the Xbox One S? Could developers patch their existing games to improve performance on the new console? Lastly, could existing Xbox One games still run marginally better on the new hardware without any optimization work from the developers? We can't wait for Microsoft to answer those questions as it seems the landscape of Xbox One games could soon become fragmented.
Categories News Tags Gears of War 4, Video Games, Xbox One, Xbox One S
Here's the Xbox Project Scorpio teaser video that Microsoft showed at E3
US Federal Appeals Court upholds FCC Net Neutrality rules
Ruben GoMo (Radioboy+): Surface team is the best to happen to Microsoft ever, but I'm sad they deny the mobile branch flow because of past errors.


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Q: Best approach to predict the days to wait to buy an airline ticket I have a dataset with flight price observations collected over 3 months. I am trying to make a model that is able to recommend to a traveler the best time to buy a flight ticket, telling him the days to wait for the price to go down.
For each flight, I have calculated the difference in days between the current day and the day that the price will be the lowest before the flight departs. This would be my target variable, it has the following distribution:

As you can see most of the values are zeros. What would be the best approach to tackle this problem?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: Looping Text to Columns Fixed Width on Individual Rows I am attempting to build a loop that will look at each row in a column of data and split based on the first instance of an " ". I can get this to work on one line but the loop never activates. I tried my best at formatting this code but could not find a tutorial on how to have the commands appear as different colors and whatnot.
Dim num
Dim RowCnt As Integer
Dim x As Integer

ActiveCell.Select ' the cell to split
RowCnt = Range(Selection, Selection.End(xlDown)).Rows.Count 'determines #rows in column to split

With ActiveCell ' with block

   For x = 1 To RowCnt ' define # loops

         .Offset(, -1).FormulaR1C1 = "=FIND("" "",RC[1],1)" ' determine first " "
         num = .Offset(, -1).Value ' assign the number of chars to 'num'

                Selection.TextToColumns Destination:=ActiveCell, DataType:=xlFixedWidth, _
                FieldInfo:=Array(Array(0, 1), Array(num, 1)), TrailingMinusNumbers:=True ' splits once based on 'num'

        .Offset(, -1).ClearContents ' clear
        .Offset(1, 0).Activate

   Next x

End With
End Sub

A: Use this code instead (tested: works!)
Sub updated_delimitter()

start_cell = ActiveCell.AddressLocal
n = Range(start_cell, Range(start_cell).End(xlDown)).Rows.Count 'determines #rows in column to split
Application.ScreenUpdating = False
For x = 0 To n - 1 ' define # loops
    this_cell = Range(start_cell).Offset(x).AddressLocal
    Range(this_cell).Select
    word_ = Range(this_cell).Value
    split_at = InStr(word_, " ")
    Range(this_cell).TextToColumns Destination:=Range(this_cell), DataType:=xlFixedWidth, _
        FieldInfo:=Array(Array(0, 1), Array(split_at, 1)), TrailingMinusNumbers:=True ' splits once based on 'num'

   Next
Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub

original code had issues with referencing in relation to 'activecell' which you referenced in the text-to-columns section - removed the with statement and no need to insert num when you can simply store it within VB (getting rid of its placements also mean no code required to remove it...

You could achieve the same in 3 lines of code♦ (w/ for loop) using the following:
Sub test2()
    'Range("d2").Select
    With Selection
        .Offset(, 3).Formula2R1C1 = _
            "=LET(x_,RC[-3]:OFFSET(RC[-3],MATCH(0,IFERROR(SEARCH("""",RC[-3]:OFFSET(RC[-3],ROWS(C[-3])-ROWS(RC[-3])-1,0)),0),0)-1,0),IF(ISODD(SEQUENCE(1,2,1,1)),MID(x_,1,IFERROR(SEARCH("" "",x_)-1,LEN(x_))),IF(ISERROR(SEARCH("" "",x_)),"""",MID(x_,SEARCH("" "",x_)+2,LEN(x_)))))"
        Range(.AddressLocal, .End(xlDown).Offset(, 1)).Value = Range(Replace(.Offset(, 3).AddressLocal, "$", "") & "#").Value
        .Offset(, 3).ClearContents
    End With
End Sub

This uses the function:
=LET(x_,D2:OFFSET(D2,MATCH(0,IFERROR(SEARCH("",D2:OFFSET(D2,ROWS(D:D)-ROWS(D2)-1,0)),0),0)-1,0),IF(ISODD(SEQUENCE(1,2,1,1)),MID(x_,1,IFERROR(SEARCH(" ",x_)-1,LEN(x_))),IF(ISERROR(SEARCH(" ",x_)),"",MID(x_,SEARCH(" ",x_)+2,LEN(x_)))))

... which is an array function that reproduces the original list with relevant cells split as req.

REVISED
Here for sample file (requires Microsoft Onedrive a/c - read only file avail.)

♦ Office 365 compatibility; '3 lines' ignoring with/end/sub/etc.
ta

A: I was able to cheat the answer. The issue is the Text to Columns always referred to the first cell until the sub ended. My solution was to make the looped code its own sub and call it in a separate subs loop. That way it ends the sub each time before being called again.


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Scholar: No alternative to stalled six-party talks
North Korea's nuclear ambitions have nearly stalemated the United States, with no viable alternatives to the stalled six-party talks in sight, a scholar said Tuesday.
"There is an increasing pessimism about the prospect of diplomacy as a viable vehicle for denuclearization," Scott Snyder, director of the Center for U.S.-Korea Policy at the Asia Foundation, said on the Web site of the Council on Foreign Relations. "But there's also ... not much support for alternatives. That's the core dilemma. Alternatives to diplomacy are hard to muster, and yet hope for diplomacy to be successful is quite limited."
North Korea detonated its second nuclear device last year and has been boycotting the six-party talks for nearly a year to protest UN sanctions imposed after its nuclear and missile tests. Pyongyang demands the sanctions be lifted as a precondition to its return to the multilateral talks, which have been off and on since their inception in 2003. Washington insists the North come back to the nuclear dialogue first. North Korea also wants talks toward a peace treaty officially ending the 1950-53 Korean War before it returns to the talks.
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and other U.S. officials have promoted strategic patience, hoping that North Korea, feeling the pinch of sanctions, will eventually come back to the table.
The scholar, however, hinted at lapses in international cooperation, despite U.S. assertions of solidarity. "Since not all the neighboring parties, including the Chinese, are approaching [the sanctions] with the same priority and in the same way, it's making [the] challenge of moving forward very difficult," he said.
China reportedly has been discussing investment contracts worth billions of dollars with the North, and is said to be ready to acquiesce to North Korea's possession of nuclear weapons. Washington, however, has said it will not accept North Korea as a nuclear weapons state.


dc.description.abstracten Vulnerability–resilience indexes fail to grasp all dimensions of sustainability, whereas sustainable development has gained momentum. We fill this gap with a hierarchical multimetric composite index (Net Vulnerability Resilience Index: NVRI) whose robustness relies on a mathematical algorithm based on graph theory. A worldwide application shows that (i) both vulnerability and resilience are policy-responsive and that (ii) there is no determinism for a country to remain vulnerable or resilient. The NVRI enables us to identify a country's strengths and weaknesses and determine the policy orientations that should be implemented to achieve sustainability.


Microsoft founder Bill Gates is a man on a mission – he has also founded a billion dollar energy fund with sole purpose of fighting climate change.
Gates is definitely not pro-hydrocarbons. But he is a realist.
And he's not optimistic about wind and solar renewable energy as a solution to climate change.
This is obviously a very, very smart man and he is very much on board with the idea that climate change is a dire problem for the world.
Yet Gates has recently offered a harsh reality check on the current state of renewable energy if there ever was one.
As of today Gates believes that realistically solar and wind are still in need of an order of magnitude improvement from where the technologies currently are for them to be a reliable source of power.
In fact, I'll show you later in this story how the use of renewables is actually increasing the amount of natural gas used – as back up for all that unreliable but politically correct solar and wind based power!
Gates' full comments on renewables (36 minutes long) are at this link.
Pay special attention when Gates is asked a question at the 8:45 mark.
It isn't often you get to see a man with $100 billion get agitated.
Gates is asked if he's optimistic about the cost of wind, solar and battery storage coming down really extremely fast, and if renewables will soon be ready to assume the mantle of Primary Power Provider?
Gates says putting a carbon tax on businesses will not mean that renewable technologies will quickly improve.
Gates views this as ridiculous. His view is that there is no way that we can rely on wind and solar if those power sources aren't even close to being reliable enough to do the job. Even financial incentives in the power sector don't magically create technology miracles.
Gates uses terms like "Monster Miracle" and "Order of Magnitude Improvement" for renewables to supplant hydrocarbons.
Everyone knows the problem with wind and solar power is that they are intermittent and unreliable. If the sun don't shine and the wind doesn't blow… you are out of luck.
Renewables can't carry the ball alone. They need a backup… a pinch-hitter to come in and do the heavy lifting at crunch time.
That pinch-hitter is natural gas.
The US government's EIA just detailed that natural gas powered reciprocating internal combustion engines (that's a mouthful!) are getting a lot more popular. That's because utility operators that use renewables as part of their power generation are steadily turning to this type of backup generator.
Normally these reciprocating engines are used only for emergencies. Now they are being used on a regular basis to step in when the sun isn't shining and the wind isn't blowing.
Advancements in engine technology and scale is allowing utilities to increase the role of these reciprocating engines. Having US natural gas prices cheaper than dirt also helps.
Before 2010 reciprocating engines typically had no more than 9 MW in capacity. In recent years, larger units that range from 16 MW to 19 MW have been installed throughout the United States.
As you would expect – power plants with large reciprocating engines are often located in states with significant renewable resources and in particular wind generation.
Texas, which has the most wind electricity generation capacity in the country has 910 MW of natural gas-driven reciprocating engines. That is 20% of the national total (4,642 MW).
Kansas (564 MW) and California (398 MW) also with large amounts of renewable generation have the next highest capacities of reciprocating engines.
These utilities can't rely solely on renewables and natural gas is becoming the "go-to" backup.
How Do Renewables Become Capable Of Taking The Starring Role?
Renewables may work at some point, but the business model and the technology is not there right now to make them even close to being economic.
Most environmentalists are ready to simply assume that the order of magnitude change in technology will happen quickly… that is a giant leap based on nothing more than hope.
To a rational mind like Bill Gates, that is a reckless assumption to make.
Gates has actually said that the environmentalists who are convincing the world to believe that wind and solar alone are going be the solution to climate change are more dangerous than the people who deny that climate change even exists.
That probably doesn't win Gates many friends amongst environmentalists, but he isn't in this to win friends… he is looking for a solution.
So how do you think renewables can play the most efficient role in North American power markets. Send me your thoughts on what could be done now to include renewables better in our power mix, or even make them the star of this show? Send me an email at editor@oilandgas-investments.com and we will republish a mix of the best suggestions.


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Berkshire in South East England is where scenic road trips lead you through a lush English countryside of flowing green hills with a long sheep farming history. Right on London's doorstep, the county offers a cool escape from the hectic scenes of the city. The grand Windsor Castle, one of the world's largest royal residences, is located here, with its Changing of the Guard being an unmissable sight.
The county isn't only associated with British royalty, though. Some of its villages on the River Thames have inspired great literary works – think Wind in the Willows and Three Men in a Boat. Other highlights include the beautiful Savill Garden in Windsor, the famous racecourse in Newbury, and boat cruises along the River Thames from Slough or Caversham.
Top destinations in Berkshire
Reading is an affluent university town on the banks of the Thames, just a 25-minute train ride from London. It's a great place to enjoy riverside walks and boat trips, visiting traditional pubs and restaurants along the way. There...
Windsor lies on the bank of the River Thames, some 23 miles west of central London, and the town's royal connections date back to the time of William the Conqueror. Today, visitors can tour the lavish precincts of Windsor Castle...
What to see & do in Berkshire
10 Best Things to Do in Windsor
Many of the best things to do in Windsor share a connection to the British Royal Family. This unique town in Berkshire is the preferred weekend home of Queen Elizabeth and is renowned for giving a royal experience. When you...
10 Best Things to Do in Berkshire
If you haven't discovered these amazing things to do in Berkshire, you are missing out. History and culture await you at historic English manors and royal theatres staging classic live productions. Head into the Berkshire countryside to find plenty of...
10 Most Picturesque Villages in Berkshire
Berkshire is filled with beautiful villages that make for an enjoyable holiday, whether you're looking for something with high-end...
10 Best Walking Trails in Reading
Reading might be one of the largest towns in the UK, but its surrounding countryside remains an incredible draw. Featuring...
10 Best Things to Do in Reading
There are plenty of things to do in Reading, a vibrant town with a history dating back to Roman settlements...
Where & what to eat in Berkshire
10 Places Where Locals Love to Eat in Reading
Reading's dining scene has come on leaps and bounds in recent years, with a host of forward-thinking venues adding to its already impressive collection of restaurants. There are options for every kind of culinary desire spread across town, with...
10 Best Restaurants in Windsor
The best restaurants in Windsor span homely British pubs to exotic Moroccan digs and sleek Greek eateries. Most gravitate around the Royal Borough, a stately neighbourhood surrounding the majestic Windsor Castle. Venturing away from the King's residence, you'll find several...
Where to shop & what to buy in Berkshire
10 Best Places to Go Shopping in Windsor
The best places to go shopping in Windsor range from boutique-strewn streets to monthly produce markets. Although the regal English city is more famous for royalty than retail, you'll get ample chance to splash out on something special here. What's more, the neighbouring towns of Eton and Maidenhead offer even more shopping options – both are just a quick drive...
Where to go & what to do at night in Berkshire
10 Best Local Pubs in Berkshire
Many of the best local pubs in Berkshire have historic roots, ranging from game cottages and hunting lodges to those with links to WWI. Many of the pubs hark back to the Old World with low ceilings, wooden beams, and...
10 Best Things to Do After Dinner in Windsor
There's a slew of fun things to do after dinner in Windsor, from evening strolls to theatre shows and pints at a local pub. While most visitors explore on a day trip from London, Windsor boasts ample post-sunset entertainment...
Browse Berkshire by category
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FNM govt paid judge's hubby $500K to represent Bridge Authority
The former Minnis Administration paid FNM attorney and former Bahamas Power and Light board member Feron Bethel $500,000 to represent the Bridge Authority in a lawsuit filed by fired General Manager Melissa Hall.
Bethel, who is a staunch Free National Movement supporter, is the husband of Court of Appeal Justice Carolita Bethel.
In 2018, Hall sued the Bridge Authority after the Minnis administration fired her with three months' pay in lieu of notice.
Then-Prime Minister Dr. Hubert Minnis, Desmond Bannister, who was the minister responsible for the Bridge Authority, and Authority Chairman Greg Bonaby gave instructions to pay Bethel half a million dollars to represent the government entity in the case, that dragged on from 2018 to November 2021.
The judge in the case was Bannister's former law partner Ruth Bowe-Darville, who was appointed to the Supreme Court bench by the FNM government just five days before she reached retirement age.
Bowe-Darville said Hall was "delusional" to think she was entitled to damages and costs she sought from the government for abruptly ending her employment but the government had no problem shelling out $500,000 to Bethel to act as its attorney.
Bethel, who was appointed Queens Counsel under the former government, was the only BPL board member to be reappointed when Bannister dismissed the entire BPL board under a cloud of suspicion in 2018.
Minnis promised to make public a probe of the board's dismissal but never did despite receiving the report in November 2020.


Toy Soldiers hit the Xbox Live Marketplace last year, and was a huge success. A mix of strategy, tower defence and vehicular combat, it had something for everyone. So how can the sequel, Cold War, improve on the stellar original?
The first difference is that the game isn't set in the World War. This time we are taken to the toy world of the 80s. Improved weaponry, vehicles and action figures are all here, and the hair style that defined the decade also makes an appearance; the mullet. The attention to detail is fantastic. The maps are littered with Rubik's cubes and Jenga blogs and the music could be from Top Gun. Signal Studios really know how to draw you into their game's world.
The second new addition is the Attack Barrage. Get a big enough multiplier (by stringing enemy kills together quickly), and you'll get a random special attack, or a barrage. These include artillery fire and close air support, but the best one by far is the Commando action figure. Looking like Rambo, you can run anywhere on the map and have unlimited ammo in both your machine gun and rocket launcher. These barrage powers can really turn the tide of the battle and they're a great addition to the series.
Cold War has a much faster pace than it's predecessor, and really does feel like an over the top action movie. Explosions, silly amounts of bullets and a hell of a lot of enemies can be on screen at any one time. Get enough kills and you enter Turbocharge mode, which gives you unlimited ammo and an immense sense of satisfaction as you mow down entire battalions.
Players of the first Toy Soldiers will have an advantage, as the gameplay is very similar. The same methods for placing, upgrading, repairing and selling weapons are used, so it should be easy to get to grips with. The vehicles are back too; tanks and planes are available on select levels. This time around though, you can also pilot attack helicopters, with missiles and machine guns, with much greater accuracy than the planes.
There are some mini games in Cold War, which are so much fun. Whether it's taking down flies with anti aircraft weapons or guiding a missile through rotating doorways in a neon tunnel, you will have a good time. They are incredibly varied and provide a nice break from the campaign mode. Other modes include survival, versus and coop, both online and local.
Take down the flies with AA guns!
With even more over the top gameplay, action and weaponry than the original, Cold War takes the series to dizzying heights of awesome. The soundtrack is quintessentially 80s and the sound effects are brash and loud. Toy Soldiers: Cold War has done what many sequels fail to. Not only is at as good as the original, but it is better. Faster, louder and with a better sense of humour, Cold War really outdoes it's predecessor in almost every department. Don't miss this game.
Toy Soldiers: Cold War is available August 17th, for 1200 MSP.


The Cristallo is perfect for keen skiers and boarders thanks to its location opposite the main pistes and in the centre of town. It's a modern and comfortable hotel that occupies the first two floors of the building that just so happens to sit right across from the ski school meeting place and the lifts.
When you come off the slopes in the evening, you'll have quite a few options. You can head to the sophisticated lounge area for a relaxing hour or two, or you can hit the spa and wellness area which features a gym, hot tub, sauna and steam room.
There's also a bar which is the ideal location for enjoying an aperitivo before heading out for the evening, or you can hang out in the separate TV room and take advantage of the satellite TV there.
The Hotel Cristallo is on half board so expect a hot and cold buffet breakfast to start the day. There's free afternoon tea and cakes when you come in off the slopes and to keep you going before your four-course evening meal.
You'll have a choice of first and main course alongside a salad buffet and your choice of dessert. Christmas and New Year meals are also included.
The 42 rooms are just as modern and comfortable as the rest of the hotel. All are on the first and second floors of the building and each has the essentials: flat-screen TV, Wi-Fi, minibar, mini-safe and a bathroom that comes complete with bathrobes, slippers and a hairdryer.
The standard rooms are perfect for couples or groups of up to four, while you'll find a bit more space in the superior rooms. The superior rooms also sport some stunning slope views, so keep that in mind!


After shutting the Operating System of the original VM down, I proceeded to convert the VM to a different named VM. When going through the various options of performing the VM Conversion, the size area gives one the option to extend the disk size of the original disk. This is where I could now extend the disk size from 100 to 150GB. The conversion took almost 4 hours.
Once the conversion completed successfully and I had powered-on my new VM, I had my Windows 2003 Server reinstated, with its original Network Name and with the extended boot partition and wait for it -- another surprise. It had converted the original Dynamic Disk back to Basic Disk, so I could then leave it as is or convert it to Dynamic again.
Well, I hope this becomes a useful tip for someone else to use.


text:
.. _umask:

Setting the umask for your process
==================================

In Linux, the umask, associated with the user running the process, will determine what permissions files generated by the process,
such as log files, will have.

Within the start script
-------------------------------------

You can set the umask within the generated start script:

.. code-block:: scala

   bashScriptExtraDefines += "umask 077"

This line will be added just before the application will be executed by the start script and therefore the application process
will also inhert this umask. For more information take a look at the :ref:`according documentation<bash-script-defines>`.

.. hint:: When using :ref:`Docker<docker-plugin>` this is the only reliable way `right now <https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/19189>`_ to set the umask for the process. Docker `will ignore <https://stackoverflow.com/a/46900270/810109>`_ any umask set in e.g. `/etc/login.defs` (or other config files) within a docker image.

System V/systemd
----------------

When using the :ref:`java-server-plugin` usually the system default umask for daemons is fine and can be left unchanged,
however sometime the need arises to override it.

As an alternative to the start script approach described in the section above, to set a custom umask for
your application that is running either via a System V init script or systemd, the umask can be specified via
a custom ``/etc/default/appname`` file.

The contents of this file can be specified by creating a template at ``src/templates/etc-default`` and adding a line such as the following:

.. code-block:: bash

    umask 077

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
   #include "platform/async/asyncBufferedStream.h"
#endif
#ifndef _RAWDATA_H_
   #include "core/util/rawData.h"
#endif
#ifndef _THREADPOOLASYNCIO_H_
   #include "platform/threads/threadPoolAsyncIO.h"
#endif

//#define DEBUG_SPEW

/// @file
/// Input stream filter definitions for turning linear streams into
/// streams that yield data in discrete packets using background
/// reads.

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
//    Async stream packets.
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------

/// Stream packet read by an asynchronous packet stream.
template< typename T >
class AsyncPacket : public RawDataT< T >
{
   public:

      typedef RawDataT< T > Parent;

      AsyncPacket()
         : mIndex( 0 ), mSizeActual( 0 ), mIsLast( false ) {}
      AsyncPacket( T* data, U32 size, bool ownMemory = false )
         : Parent( data, size, ownMemory ),
           mIndex( 0 ), mSizeActual( 0 ), mIsLast( false ) {}

      /// Running number in stream.
      U32 mIndex;

      /// Number of items that have actually been read into the packet.
      /// This may be less than "size" for end-of-stream packets in non-looping
      /// streams.
      ///
      /// @note Extraneous space at the end of the packet will be cleared using
      ///   constructArray() calls.
      U32 mSizeActual;

      /// If true this is the last packet in the stream.
      bool mIsLast;
};

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
//    Async packet streams.
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------

/// A packet stream turns a continuous stream of elements into a
/// stream of discrete packets of elements.
///
/// All packets are of the exact same size even if, for end-of-stream
/// packets, they actually contain less data than their actual size.
/// Extraneous space is cleared.
///
/// @note For looping streams, the stream must implement the
///   IResettable interface.
template< typename Stream, class Packet = AsyncPacket< typename TypeTraits< Stream >::BaseType::ElementType > >
class AsyncPacketBufferedInputStream : public AsyncBufferedInputStream< Packet*, Stream >
{
   public:

      typedef AsyncBufferedInputStream< Packet*, Stream > Parent;
      typedef Packet PacketType;
      typedef typename TypeTraits< Stream >::BaseType StreamType;

   protected:

      class PacketReadItem;
      friend class PacketReadItem; // _onArrival

      /// Asynchronous work item for reading a packet from the source stream.
      class PacketReadItem : public AsyncReadItem< typename Parent::SourceElementType, StreamType >
      {
         public:

            typedef AsyncReadItem< typename AsyncPacketBufferedInputStream< Stream, Packet >::SourceElementType, StreamType > Parent;

            PacketReadItem( const ThreadSafeRef< AsyncPacketBufferedInputStream< Stream, Packet > >& asyncStream,
                            PacketType* packet,
                            U32 numElements,
                            ThreadPool::Context* context = NULL )
               : Parent( asyncStream->getSourceStream(), numElements, 0, *packet, false, 0, context ),
                 mAsyncStream( asyncStream ),
                 mPacket( packet ) {}

         protected:

            typedef ThreadSafeRef< AsyncPacketBufferedInputStream< Stream, Packet > > AsyncPacketStreamPtr;

            /// The issueing async state.
            AsyncPacketStreamPtr mAsyncStream;

            /// The packet that receives the data.
            PacketType* mPacket;

            // WorkItem
            virtual void execute()
            {
               Parent::execute();
               mPacket->mSizeActual += this->mNumElementsRead;

               #ifdef DEBUG_SPEW
               Platform::outputDebugString( "[AsyncPacketStream] read %i elements into packet #%i with size %i",
                  this->mNumElementsRead, mPacket->mIndex, mPacket->size );
               #endif

               // Handle extraneous space at end of packet.

               if( this->cancellationPoint() ) return;
               U32 numExtraElements = mPacket->size - this->mNumElementsRead;
               if( numExtraElements )
               {
                  if( mAsyncStream->mIsLooping
                      && dynamic_cast< IResettable* >( &Deref( this->getStream() ) ) )
                  {
                     #ifdef DEBUG_SPEW
                     Platform::outputDebugString( "[AsyncPacketStream] resetting stream and reading %i more elements", numExtraElements );
                     #endif

                     // Wrap around and start re-reading from beginning of stream.

                     dynamic_cast< IResettable* >( &Deref( this->getStream() ) )->reset();

                     this->mOffsetInBuffer += this->mNumElementsRead;
                     this->mOffsetInStream = 0;
                     this->mNumElements = numExtraElements;

                     this->_prep();
                     Parent::execute();

                     mPacket->mSizeActual += this->mNumElementsRead;
                  }
                  else
                     constructArray( &mPacket->data[ this->mNumElementsRead ], numExtraElements );
               }

               // Buffer the packet.

               if( this->cancellationPoint() ) return;
               mAsyncStream->_onArrival( mPacket );
            }
            virtual void onCancelled()
            {
               Parent::onCancelled();
               destructSingle< PacketType* >( mPacket );
               mAsyncStream = NULL;
            }
      };

      typedef ThreadSafeRef< PacketReadItem > PacketReadItemRef;

      /// Number of elements to read per packet.
      U32 mPacketSize;

      /// Running number of next stream packet.
      U32 mNextPacketIndex;

      /// Total number of elements in the source stream.
      U32 mNumTotalSourceElements;

      /// Create a new stream packet of the given size.
      virtual PacketType* _newPacket( U32 packetSize ) { return constructSingle< PacketType* >( packetSize ); }

      /// Request the next packet from the underlying stream.
      virtual void _requestNext();

      /// Create a new work item that reads "numElements" into "packet".
      virtual void _newReadItem( PacketReadItemRef& outRef,
                                 PacketType* packet,
                                 U32 numElements )
      {
         outRef = new PacketReadItem( this, packet, numElements, this->mThreadContext );
      }

   public:

      /// Construct a new packet stream reading from "stream".
      ///
      /// @note If looping is used and "stream" is not read from the beginning, "stream" should
      ///   implement IPositionable<U32> or ISizeable<U32> so the async stream can tell how many elements
      ///   there actually are in the stream after resetting.
      ///
      /// @param stream The source stream from which to read the actual data elements.
      /// @param packetSize Size of stream packets returned by the stream in number of elements.
      /// @param numSourceElementsToRead Number of elements to read from "stream".
      /// @param numReadAhead Number of packets to read and buffer in advance.
      /// @param isLooping If true, the packet stream will loop infinitely over the source stream.
      /// @param pool The ThreadPool to use for asynchronous packet reads.
      /// @param context The ThreadContext to place asynchronous packet reads in.
      AsyncPacketBufferedInputStream( const Stream& stream,
                              U32 packetSize,
                              U32 numSourceElementsToRead = 0,
                              U32 numReadAhead = Parent::DEFAULT_STREAM_LOOKAHEAD,
                              bool isLooping = false,
                              ThreadPool* pool = &ThreadPool::GLOBAL(),
                              ThreadContext* context = ThreadContext::ROOT_CONTEXT() );

      /// @return the size of stream packets returned by this stream in number of elements.
      U32 getPacketSize() const { return mPacketSize; }
};

template< typename Stream, class Packet >
AsyncPacketBufferedInputStream< Stream, Packet >::AsyncPacketBufferedInputStream
         (  const Stream& stream,
            U32 packetSize,
            U32 numSourceElementsToRead,
            U32 numReadAhead,
            bool isLooping,
            ThreadPool* threadPool,
            ThreadContext* threadContext )
   : Parent( stream, numSourceElementsToRead, numReadAhead, isLooping, threadPool, threadContext ),
     mPacketSize( packetSize ),
     mNextPacketIndex( 0 ),
     mNumTotalSourceElements( numSourceElementsToRead )
{
   AssertFatal( mPacketSize > 0,
      "AsyncPacketStream::AsyncPacketStream() - packet size cannot be zero" );

   // Determine total number of elements in stream, if possible.

   IPositionable< U32 >* positionable = dynamic_cast< IPositionable< U32 >* >( &Deref( stream ) );
   if( positionable )
      mNumTotalSourceElements += positionable->getPosition();
   else
   {
      ISizeable< U32 >* sizeable = dynamic_cast< ISizeable< U32 >* >( &Deref( stream ) );
      if( sizeable )
         mNumTotalSourceElements = sizeable->getSize();
   }

   #ifdef DEBUG_SPEW
   Platform::outputDebugString( "[AsyncPacketStream] %i remaining, %i total (%i packets)",
      this->mNumRemainingSourceElements, mNumTotalSourceElements,
      ( this->mNumRemainingSourceElements / mPacketSize ) + ( this->mNumRemainingSourceElements % mPacketSize ? 1 : 0 ) );
   #endif
}

template< typename Stream, class Packet >
void AsyncPacketBufferedInputStream< Stream, Packet >::_requestNext()
{
   Stream& stream = this->getSourceStream();
   bool isEOS = !this->mNumRemainingSourceElements;
   if( isEOS && this->mIsLooping )
   {
      StreamType* s = &Deref( stream );
      IResettable* resettable = dynamic_cast< IResettable* >( s );
      if( resettable )
      {
         IPositionable< U32 >* positionable = dynamic_cast< IPositionable< U32 >* >( &Deref( stream ) );
         U32 pos;
         if(positionable)
            pos = positionable->getPosition();

         resettable->reset();
         isEOS = false;
         this->mNumRemainingSourceElements = mNumTotalSourceElements;

         if( positionable )
         {
            positionable->setPosition(pos);
            U32 dur = stream->getDuration();
            if(dur != 0) //avoiding division by zero? not needed, probably
               this->mNumRemainingSourceElements -= (U32)(mNumTotalSourceElements*(F32)pos/dur);
         }
      }
   }
   else if( isEOS )
      return;

   //TODO: scale priority depending on feed status

   // Allocate a packet.

   U32 numElements = mPacketSize;
   PacketType* packet = _newPacket( numElements );
   packet->mIndex = mNextPacketIndex;
   mNextPacketIndex ++;

   // Queue a stream packet work item.

   if( numElements >= this->mNumRemainingSourceElements )
   {
      if( !this->mIsLooping )
      {
         this->mNumRemainingSourceElements = 0;
         packet->mIsLast = true;
      }
      else
         this->mNumRemainingSourceElements = ( this->mNumTotalSourceElements - numElements + this->mNumRemainingSourceElements );
   }
   else
      this->mNumRemainingSourceElements -= numElements;

   #ifdef DEBUG_SPEW
   Platform::outputDebugString( "[AsyncPacketStream] packet %i, %i remaining, %i total",
      packet->mIndex, this->mNumRemainingSourceElements, mNumTotalSourceElements );
   #endif

   ThreadSafeRef< PacketReadItem > workItem;
   _newReadItem( workItem, packet, numElements );
   this->mThreadPool->queueWorkItem( workItem );
}

#undef DEBUG_SPEW
#endif // !_ASYNCPACKETSTREAM_H_


The John Deere Classic is probably the Quad Cities' highest profile event, and the profile was never higher than the year actor and comedian Bill Murray took part in the festivities.
In 2015, the Saturday Night Live alum played in the Pro-AM event at the tournament.
This YouTube video from the Dispatch-Argus highlights Murray's day at TPC at Deere Run three years ago.


text:
Arthur Lionel Ochoncar Forbes-Sempill
Revision as of 10:34, 9 August 2014 by FredBot (Talk | contribs) (Update appts)
Rear-Admiral Arthur Lionel Ochoncar Forbes-Sempill (1877–1962) was an officer in the Royal Navy.
1 Life & Career
4 Service Records
Semphill attended the Royal Navy War College from 3 March - 20 June, 1913, placing first of ten commanders.
He was executive officer of the battleship Valiant at the Battle of Jutland.
He was promoted to the rank of Captain on 30 June, 1916.
He was appointed command of the scout cruiser Blonde in February 1917.[1]
He was appointed command of the light cruiser Cordelia on 1 June, 1917,[2] and was in her at the surrender of the German fleet.
He was appointed command of the battleship Colossus on 15 May, 1919.[3]
Laurence R. Oliphant Captain of H.M.S. Leander
9 Sep, 1916[4] Succeeded by
Harold E. Sulivan
Basil V. Brooke Captain of H.M.S. Blonde
Feb, 1917[5] Succeeded by
Theodore J. Hallett
Tufton P. H. Beamish Captain of H.M.S. Cordelia
1 Jun, 1917[6] Succeeded by
Norton A. Sulivan
Robert A. Hornell Captain of H.M.S. Colossus
15 May, 1919[7] Succeeded by
Francis A. Clutterbuck
↑ Mackie, Colin. ROYAL NAVY WARSHIPS.
↑ The Navy List (February, 1919). p. 764.
↑ The Navy List (August, 1919). p. 761.
↑ The Navy List. (December, 1916). p. 395u.
↑ The Navy List. (February, 1919). p. 764.
↑ The Navy List. (August, 1919). p. 761.
Template:CatRearAdmiral
Retrieved from "http://dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php?title=Arthur_Lionel_Ochoncar_Forbes-Sempill&oldid=122974"
PersonalityStubs


A lending library inclusive of graded readers with books and DVDs.
Free internet access + free wifi connection.
Leisure room with television, refreshment facilities and a garden.
Linguatime offers daily tours and activities for all students. These may include visits to our Capital city Valletta; The silent city of Mdina; various night tours; harbour cruises; day trips to the sister islands of Gozo or Comino, diving; horseriding and other sport activities; beach trips and much much more!
Linguatime offers airport transfers (airport-accommodation-airport).


text:
Population Control Advocates Hobnob at the Vatican
Julia Meloni
In 1873, a saint who professed herself "madly fond of children," who "desire[d] to give many elect souls to Heaven," gave birth to her ninth child—St. Thérèse of Lisieux. Today, the bishop presiding over the Vatican's "Biological Extinction" workshop explains that with "education" we "don't have children. We don't have seven children. Maybe we have one [or] two children. No more."
Bishop Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo was responding to invitee John Bongaarts, a sort of "living analogue of Margaret Sanger." Bongaarts lamented the "unmet need for contraception" and the "obstacle" of "moral … acceptability" and sub-Saharan African women's desire for five children each despite the violated earth. Bishop Sorondo, who has accused Vatican critics of being financed by oil companies, assured Bongaarts that "we don't know exactly what is the doctrine of the Church" about "fecundity," only "some part" of it.
Peter Raven claimed papal support for only having children "you can bring up properly" because "we need at some point to have a limited number of people." Population controllers Partha Dasgupta and Paul Ehrlich recommended "taxes and regulations" to rectify "failures" in "reproduction" because we've "befoul[ed]" the "atmosphere" in this "Sixth Great Extinction."
Ehrlich, who has spread forced abortion and forced sterilization with the shoddy science of a "charlatan," recently boasted of the workshop's "essentially complete agreement" on overpopulation's perils, adding: "Everyone was aware of the view, which I share with all of my colleagues (including many Catholics), that contraception should be available to all."
In 1895, Thomas Hardy's novel Jude the Obscure prophesied the nightmarish consequences of spreading Malthusian doom. Imagine a child nicknamed Little Father Time because he is "preternaturally old" in mind. He hears his father's mistress admit it would "almost" be "better to be out [of] the world" because of "adversity" and asks, "Then if children make so much trouble, why do people have 'em?"
Thinking he "ought not to be born," he "bitterly" rebukes her for expecting another baby. "I think," he says, "that whenever children be born that are not wanted they should be killed directly."
So he hangs himself and his two half-siblings, childishly misspelling his apologia: "Done because we are too menny." His father hauntingly muses that Little Father Time embodies the new children of the age, spawned by ideology:
The Doctor says there are such boys springing up amongst us—boys of a sort unknown in the last generation—the outcome of new views of life. They seem to see all its terrors before they are old enough to have staying power to resist them. He says it is the beginning of the coming universal wish not to live.
A child who kills because of "new views of life," because of a "coming universal wish not to live"—a chilling augury of a culture of death that grooms the young for, among other things, abortion in the name of "sustainable development."
A recent pro-life report urges us to "resist" the "alignment" between Church authorities and this international anti-life agenda. The UN's Sustainable Development Goals, approved by "Pope Francis and other organs of the Holy See," require "universal access" to abortion and contraception and related "education"—proliferating initiatives "to gain direct access to children," whether through pro-abortion youth clubs or radical "comprehensive sexuality education" for children aged "0 – 4" and above. The Vatican's own 2015 workshop on using children as environmentalist "agents of change" said schools must "absorb" the SDGs.
So the recent extinction workshop, says Riccardo Cascioli, "signal[s] another important step towards the penetration of the Church by the neo-Malthusians whose end goal is support, via public policies, for birth control." In the symposium's schemas, Robert Royal notes, "God and Jesus are absent," supplanted by a "religion of international scientific management of our race."
"We saw a lot of that in the twentieth century," writes Royal. "It produced mounds of corpses."
So "the war against family and innocent human life is a spiritual war" that "is now also taking place within the walls of the Church herself," says Anca-Maria Cernea. The Church "has contributed to the secularization described by Pope Benedict XVI" by promoting the "buildup" of hostile global "power structures"; its "earthly ideologically-contaminated activism" has empowered the anti-life, anti-family cultural Marxists fabricating a "perfect world" for us.
And so the Church struggles with the third temptation of Christ, the temptation to "all the kingdoms of the world," the proposition described by Ven. Fulton Sheen in the talk "The Power of the Devil in the World Today":
Theology is politics. Forget your God; forget sin; forget guilt; forget holiness; do the political things. And this will be the temptation to the Church in the next two hundred years—the third temptation of Christ.
In Hope for the World, Cardinal Burke exhorts us to nothing less than Christ's reply in the desert—the command to worship God alone. Cardinal Burke says we must "return to … metaphysics," must "rediscover" the Church's "theocentric vision," must remember that "God alone is the goal of our quest, and everything must lead to him."
So Cardinal Burke reminds us of "the meaning of family life" from God's transcendent perspective. He reminds us that "the procreation and education of children are the crown of marital love"—relating, in touching accounts of his childhood on a family dairy farm, the goodness of having many siblings and devout parents who nurture love for the Holy Mass, the Eucharist, Confession, the Sacred Heart of Jesus, and the Blessed Virgin.
Cardinal Burke recommends the spirituality of St. Thérèse's parents, Sts. Louis and Zélie Martin, saying, "Every morning I pray to them for my family." The books The Mother of the Little Flower and The Story of a Family beautifully document their parental generosity. At each child's birth, St. Zélie prayed, "Lord, grant me the grace that this child may be consecrated to you, and that nothing may tarnish the purity of its soul." At the baptism of their first child, St. Louis beamed: "It is the first time that you have seen me here for a baptism, but it will not be the last!"
St. Zélie soon prayed, on the feast of the Immaculate Conception, for another child, who was born nine months afterward. Later, her little daughters asked St. Joseph every night for a brother who would be "her priest," "her missionary." Her "little Joseph" died in infancy but became, St. Zélie wrote, a heavenly intercessor for one of his ill sisters. Exactly nine months after a novena to St. Joseph, another "dear little Joseph" arrived, though he, too, soon died.
After eight children—including four "little angels" in Heaven—St. Zélie gave birth to her "great saint," Thérèse. The child and her four sisters, all future nuns, learned to pray and "please the dear Jesus" and "make small sacrifices to him," as St. Thérèse's sister Celine recounts. Their mother, who soon died from breast cancer, once promised the "sacrifice of [her] life," if necessary, to form all her children into saints. She said of her deceased little ones:
I did not regret the pain and cares I had borne for them. Several people said to me, 'It would have been better if you had never had them,' but I could not endure this sort of language. I did not think that the sufferings and anxieties could be weighted in the same scale with the eternal happiness of my children with God.
But if St. Zélie "wished to have many [children] in order to bring them up for Heaven," today's Vatican endorses anti-life UN goals and hosts a pro-abortion population controller who has sneered that letting women "have as many babies" as they want is like letting "everybody … throw as much of their garbage into their neighbor's backyard as they want."
The extinction workshop exhorts "nothing less than a reordering of our priorities based on a moral revolution," for "the extinction of such a major proportion of the life that supports us will probably be the sin for which our descendants will be least likely to forgive us."
The third temptation of Christ—theology is politics. Forget God, sin, guilt, and holiness; pursue all these kingdoms.
Julia Meloni writes from the Pacific Northwest. She holds a bachelor's degree in English from Yale and a master's degree in English from Harvard.
tagged as: Cardinal Burke Paul Ehrlich Politics population control St. Zélie Martin Thomas Malthus Vatican public policy
[email protected]ne.com


text:
Three Ways Amazon Stays A Step Ahead On Prime Day	How OTT Platforms Fit Into The Complicated TV Landscape	Here's How The Rest Of The World Is Going After Facebook, Following Its $5B FTC Fine	Amazon Emerges As Google Challenger In Advertiser Perceptions SSP Report	Amperity Raises $50 Million As Mar Tech Heavyweights Turn To CDPs	The Rise And Fall And Rise Of The Global CMO	Leadership Changes At WarnerMedia Are A Sign Of The Times For TV Networks	Bain Capital To Buy Majority Stake In WPP's Kantar For $4 Billion	Zeta Takes Over PlaceIQ's Advertising Business And Marches Into Media
The Big Story: Google's On First
by Ryan Joe // Thursday, March 14th, 2019 – 2:07 pm
The Big Story is a podcast featuring a roundtable of AdExchanger editors talking about the biggest stories from the past week. It is available wherever you subscribe to podcasts.
Online advertising grew up around the second-price auction, where the winning bidder pays the second-highest bid.
It's great for buyers because they have the opportunity to pay less. But the ad industry has gradually moved to a first-price auction format, in large part because participants distrusted the auctioneer – in many cases, that was Google.
Last week, Google said it would move to a first-price auction for publishers using Google Ad Manager (nee DoubleClick for Publishers and AdX).
Simple, right?
Except it's not.
Google's shift to first price will have reverberations through the industry – it's just that nobody agrees on what they are.
This week, on "The Big Story," the AdExchanger team describes why Google found it necessary to move to a first-price auction setup in the first place, and parses through some of the predictions around what will happen afterward.
Trying to understand Google's maneuvering here is like coming into the final season of "Game of Thrones" without ever having watched an episode. Join us for a quick recap (of Google's first-price auction situation, not the HBO show) that'll bring you up to speed.
Ad Ops Manager Turned Ad Tech Founder Solves Viewability For Publishers 590 views


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Netflix And Cord-Cutting Era Complicates Writers Guild Contract Talks
By Nina Gregory
There is some drama here in Hollywood with a possible writers' strike. The Writers Guild of America is negotiating a new contract with studios and networks. The current contract expires May 1, and if the two sides do not come to an agreement, there could be a strike. The last writers' strike was a decade ago, and the industry has changed a lot since then. To talk about this here at NPR West, we have NPR senior editor Nina Gregory. Hello.
NINA GREGORY, BYLINE: Hi.
MCEVERS: What is it the writers want?
GREGORY: Well, first of all, because negotiations are ongoing, no one will speak on the record. But I have spoken to members from both sides. From the Writers Guild side, I've spoken to somebody who's been in the union for some 50 years. I've spoken to new members, including a staff writer on a network drama that is an Emmy Award-winning, very prestigious show. And he was explaining to me that he made last year $34,000.
People have an image of TV writers as being fancy-sneaker-wearing, fancy-car-driving, great-lifestyle-having writers. But in fact, the reality is most writers don't live that kind of lifestyle. And their contracts right now are based on an older model of television where there were, like, 22 to 24, 25 episodes a season. Seasons are shorter now. There are eight, 10, 12 episodes, and writers would like to have more flexibility in that contract - working for a shorter period of time - to reflect that shorter season. They'd also like a raise. They'd like the rate per episode to go up.
While we're in an age of peak television with huge international distribution of American-made shows plus billion-dollar blockbusters, these media companies - you know, CBS, Viacom, Fox, Time Warner, Disney, Comcast - they're making some pretty big profits - collectively $51 billion. That includes things like theme parks, of course. But the writers are saying they'd like a piece of that. They'd like raises. They'd like to see increases from their producers into their health insurance fund, and they'd like to see more flexibility in their contracts.
MCEVERS: What's the other side saying? What are the producers saying?
GREGORY: Again, because of their media blackout, they're not saying much. But sources close to the negotiations have told me that producers have offered up some raises as well as shorter contracts and some $60 million for the health insurance fund. The producers are very concerned about the solvency of the health insurance fund, and they would like to see more lower costs options and more contributions from the writers to their own health insurance.
MCEVERS: OK, so let's say there is a strike. What does this mean for me, you know, a TV viewer?
GREGORY: Well, the first thing you would see, I think, is that late night would go into reruns. Those shows are written every day. Of course, they're very topical. You would probably see other shows - network shows, cable shows - go into reruns. You might actually see somebody like - a company like Netflix drop a bunch of new shows because they produce shows differently from the rest of the gang. They do an entire season at once. When Netflix releases something, you get all the episodes. So they could actually, you know, maybe benefit from this.
MCEVERS: OK, so what's next?
GREGORY: The writers are voting on what's called a strike authorization. That means that they would grant their negotiating team the power to call for a strike if the two sides don't come to an agreement by May 1. The networks also have the upfronts (ph) looming. That's when they go to New York, and they show their new season to advertisers and hope to get a bunch of money from advertisers. And they certainly don't want to go hat in hand during a strike.
The last time around, NBC had to return money to advertisers because it didn't have the goods. Both sides have every incentive to come to a deal. You know, it's not just the writers here who would be affected. You have caterers. You have shoe-repair people. You have a whole industry here, not just here in Los Angeles, but around the country that would stop working as a result of this. So they all have every reason to try to work this out.
MCEVERS: NPR senior editor Nina Gregory. Thank you.
GREGORY: Thank you.
(SOUNDBITE OF CUBAN STARS SONG, "QUIMBARA QUIMBARA") Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
Nina Gregory
Nina Gregory is a senior editor for NPR's Arts Desk, where she oversees coverage of film across the network and edits and and assigns stories on television, art, design, fashion, food, and culture.
See stories by Nina Gregory


If you are looking for information about growing cabbage, you've come to the right place. Cabbage is a cool weather crop that is easy to plant, simple to care for and easy to harvest.
Cabbage plants need 6-8 hours of sunlight per day and are usually ready for harvest 45-105 days after planting, depending on the variety. Usually, the larger the cabbage head, the longer it takes to mature. Cabbage thrives in temperatures of 60-70 degrees F, although established plants can tolerate nighttime temperatures that dip to freezing or even slightly below. If temperatures remain much higher than 80 degrees for extended periods, the plants will virtually stop growing and bolt fairly quickly. Cabbage plants are generally not suitable for growing in containers, although if you had a large enough pot, it may be possible.
When growing cabbage, it's important to leave enough space between plants as they can get quite large. Some varieties of cabbage can produce heads weighing 15-20 pounds. Other varieties produce much smaller heads, weighing a couple of pounds each. The world record cabbage was grown in Alaska in 2009 and weighed in at 127 pounds!
Cabbage should not be grown in the same place two years in a row. It uses too many nutrients from the soil in a single growing season, so crop rotation is key. In addition, this will help prevent disease problems in the future.
Depending on your climate, it's certainly possible to grow two crops of cabbage per year, one in the spring and another one in the fall. Planting cabbage is a great way to maximize space in your garden as the spring crop can be harvested early enough to plant summer vegetables in the same location. A fall crop can be planted again after the summer vegetables have finished producing. Cabbage that is allowed to mature in cool fall weather is especially sweet.
Cabbage can be eaten raw in coleslaw or made into sauerkraut. It can be steamed, boiled, sauteed, and even roasted. One of our favorite dishes is cabbage leaves stuffed with meat and rice.
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Continuing the theme of finding the Divine within ourselves, I wanted to further address the ideas about God that we've gotten from religion. If you're obsessed with the biblical old testament version of "god", me telling you that You Are God might make you believe you're supposed to go smite people or flood cities. If you listened to the new testament, you might think you're supposed to perform miraculous healing and go walk on water. Both of those ideas are there to put God outside of you, to search for external evidence of God. Religion had to put God outside so religion could control your beliefs about God. Every religion does this, they separate you from the Divine and then install themselves as the middleman. It's a very profitable scam.
If you see things the way I do, you see that Consciousness itself is a Divine miracle. Every sunrise, every sunset, every single Moment is a wholly awe-inspiring event for those who can see past the filters of their limited mind. That's how you begin to see the Divine Within, by being fiercely aware of everything that resides within your own Consciousness. By confronting your fears, by questioning everything you believe, by continuing to dig deeper and deeper and deeper.
Humanity's image of what God is has been steadily evolving. Unfortunately, religion has tried to hold on to the older beliefs about God, while combining them with the newer. This has created what I call the "bipolar god", a God of Unconditional Love, but also a vengeful, punishing, and jealous God. An all-forgiving God, that will punish people for all eternity if they don't do what he wants. The contradiction should be obvious for anyone with even a basic understanding of Love and forgiveness.
The image of God I just described is what happens when you try to understand God through the filter of duality. Duality is "either/or" thinking, "black or white", "this or that", duality takes things to extremes, then usually goes back and forth between those extremes. If you want to understand God, seek to drop all dualistic thinking. God is not black or white, God is the full spectrum of colors.
If you want to understand the Celestial Realms, which is how you really connect with God, start looking at things in terms of vibration. This isn't so hard, look around you right now, all the colors you see are different vibrations. Every sound you hear, that's a different vibration. Every feeling you have is it's own vibration, and this is how you can become aware of 5D. You don't do it through mental understandings and beliefs, those just excite the mind more and obscure the subtle feelings. Release all the thinking, and just feel. Feel what your senses are bringing in, feel what's going on within yourself, feel yourself breathing. Don't just do these things as a sometimes meditation, integrate awareness and feeling into every moment of your Life.


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Hong Kong tabloid Apple Daily to shut down on Saturday
Newspaper owned by media tycoon Jimmy Lai was renowned for criticising the government
A supporter hands over a flower and card to employees of Apple Daily at Next Digital's headquarters © Reuters
June 23, 2021 7:54 am by Primrose Riordan in Hong Kong
Apple Daily, the pro-democracy Hong Kong tabloid founded by media tycoon Jimmy Lai, will close on Saturday after its assets were frozen in what critics said was a hammer blow to the city's free press.
Next Digital, the newspaper's parent company, said its final edition will be printed on Saturday and its website would no longer be accessible from just before midnight that night.
Apple Daily was known for its willingness to confront and criticise the government.
Hong Kong authorities have mounted a crackdown on the Chinese territory's civil and political life following pro-democracy protests that engulfed the city in 2019. This has included the imposition of a sweeping national security law that has severely curtailed opposition.
Hong Kong mogul Jimmy Lai: 'At least we fought, we showed our dignity'
An editorial writer for Apple Daily who goes by the pen name Li Ping was arrested under the law on Wednesday. Li was detained days after authorities raided Apple Daily's offices and arrested five executives, including Ryan Law, its editor-in-chief. It was the first time the national security law was used against journalists.
Lai has already been jailed for separate offences.


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No worries. I am free all week after 7:30pm. Where do you usually play?
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text:
Inscription ›
Local magistrates in Igabrum (Spain) gain citizenship (CIL II.5, 308)
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Typology (Honorific / Funerary / etc.):
Votive Inscription.
Original Location/Place:
Igabrum, Baetica (Spain)
Actual Location (Collection/Museum):
Cabra, Museo Arqueológico
75 CE
Statue base. The middle part of the base survives, including the inscription panel in the centre, but the separately worked lower part of the base and the pedestal above have been lost. The inscription panel is marked out by a double incised frame.
Local limestone.
Letter height: 3.8 – 6.5 cm
CIL II, 5.308
(HD007479)
This inscription from ancient Igabrum (modern Cabra/Córdoba) in Baetica, Spain, was dedicated by the magistrates of the town in celebration of their being awarded Roman citizenship. It is a good example of how Vespasian's grant of ius Latii (Latin Rights) to all of Spain resulted in the speedy acquisition of Roman citizenship for those members of the local elite who engaged with local politics by taking on magistracies and positions of leadership in their communities; the spread of citizenship and the favourable rate of urbanisation that accompanied it led to the notion that Spain had become almost as 'Roman' as Italy, with Geza Alföldy remarking that the Flavian dynasty marked the "zenith" in the history of Roman Spain (Alföldy, "Spain," p. 444).
There had been towns and cities in Spain with the status of colony (colonia) or municipium since the 1st century BCE; between the fall of the Republic and the end of Augustus's reign twenty four colonies and an even larger number of municipia were established, particularly in the south and east of the peninsula (Alföldy, "Spain," p. 450). The Flavian dynasty continued the process through Vespasian's grant of ius Latii (Latin Rights) to the entire province, or "all Spain" (universae Hispaniae), as Pliny the Elder recorded (Natural History, III.30) in 73/74 CE, which meant that any community could apply to establish a system of local government by official charter (Cooley, Flavians, p. 264). Any individual who held a magistracy in that local government was therefore eligible for Roman citizenship once the period of office (usually one year) had been completed. As Leonard Curchin has established, these magistracies were the preserve of the free-born elite; unlike colonia, which comprised from the outside both Roman citizens and non-Roman 'incolae' (residents), municipia were usually native communities, the elite of which sought to increase their power and prestige by acquiring Roman citizenship and its associated benefits (Curchin, Local Magistrates, p. 71-72).
The inscription under consideration here comes from a votive statue base and was dedicated to 'Augustan Apollo' (Apollini Augusto); the base may have originally held a statue of the deity or indeed a member of the imperial family, perhaps the emperor himself. Although the original location of the base and its statue is unknown, it celebrated a prestigious achievement amongst the town's most prominent inhabitants, and was therefore likely placed in a highly visible and public place, where the award of citizenship could be widely advertised. The text of the inscription records that the 'townspeople of Igabrum' (municipii Igabrensis) obtained their Roman citizenship (civitatem Romanam consecutus) on account of holding office – per honorem. The grant was extended to their families also (cum suis). The monument to commemorate this auspicious occasion was paid for and arranged by one of the office-holders, the aedile Marcus Aelius Niger. There has been much discussion as to the status of Igabrum at the moment this inscription was put up; the reference to the municipium of Igabrum in the text implies that the town had already acquired this status - was it awarded at the same time as the Latin Rights were granted in 73/74 CE, or as the result of a separate charter? The fact that Igabrum already refers to itself as a municipium as early as 75 CE (the date of the inscription is confirmed through the description of Vespasian's consulships) would perhaps suggest the former (Curchin, Supplement to Local Magistrates, p. 7-8). However, as a number of towns in Spain did not become municipia when awarded Latin Rights, it should not be assumed that the two statuses went hand in hand. Although the 'townspeople' of Igabrum identify themselves as following a municipal order, there is no evidence to suggest that the charter establishing the town as such had yet been made. Armin Stylow therefore preferred to understand this reference as indicative of a 'transitional phase' that existed between the edict of Vespasian in 73/4 CE granting ius Latii and the promulgation of leges municipales (municipal charters) that were to follow over the course of the next 15 years, and which were consolidated under Domitian (Stylow, "Apuntes sobre epigrafia," p. 301). Following the edict of 73/4, the indigenous communities of Baetica organised themselves into a municipal system – which essentially consisted of individuals being elected to particular magisterial titles – which was then followed by the drawing up of official laws and rules (Stylow, "Apuntes sobre epigrafia," p. 303). In the case of some towns – such as Irni and Malaca - the official charter was not made until the reign of Domitian, but it would appear that even in this period of transition, the municipes, even though not full Roman citizens, enjoyed virtually all the privileges of citizenship including the use of the tria nomina and organisation into voting tribes (Curchin, Local Magistrates, p. 74). This period of transition may indeed be the motivation for the overt statement of citizenship made in this inscription; with the status of the inhabitants of the town perhaps unclear, those members of the local aristocracy who had achieved full citizenship might use it as a means of identifying their superiority even further. The dedication of a votive base allowed them to do so collectively and through a means that would express their loyalty and devotion to a Roman god, further emphasising their Roman pietas and civic virtue.
The inscription also reveals how Roman citizenship was used by the ruling emperor to show off their positive personal qualities, in this case, generosity. The text of the inscription states that the citizenship was awarded by the beneficio Imperatoris Caesaris Augusti Vespasiani, or the 'gift of the Emperor Caesar Augustus Vespasian'. It is clear that the grant of citizenship has been understood by the community as a result of the generosity of the emperor, who has extended it to them through benevolence and largesse. This was a useful ideological tool, particularly for a new dynasty that had come to power as a result of civil war. By emphasising the generous nature of his regime, Vespasian might win support both in Rome and the provinces; in Baetica this was especially important, as the region had supported Galba and Otho's campaigns for the emperorship. Concessions were perhaps readily extended in order to win popular support amongst the native communities, and even more so upon the local aristocracy, upon whom the regime depended for the easy maintenance of peace and order. For these local communities – who had supported the losing side of the civil war – the quick adoption of the Roman system provided benefits, but the acknowledgement of elements of imperial ideology such as the generosity of the emperor provided avenues through which they might demonstrate their support of and loyalty to the regime. The erection of a visible monument that attested to the virtuous qualities of their emperor and which celebrated Roman citizenshp was a respectable means of advertising Igabrum's political agenda to Rome.
Vespasian's award of ius Latii to 'all Spain', and the subsequent benefits of citizenship and municipal status that followed were of benefit to both the provincial communities of the peninsula and the Flavian regime. The promise of citizenship attracted the interest and support of the local elite for Rome's system of local administration, acting as a "tremendous incentive toward local office-holding in the Early Empire" (Curchin, Local Magistrates, p. 73). The resulting spread of urbanisation and adoption of Roman political infrastructure lessened Rome's administrative burden whilst permitting the local communities of Spain a sense of autonomy that was carefully monitored and controlled through the framework of municipal charters (Alföldy, "Spain," p. 452). By presenting citizenship as a "gift," bestowed through the generosity of the emperor, the Flavian regime ensured that it became a keystone of their political and social ideology. Although other emperors, such as Claudius, had also demonstrated their generosity through the granting of citizenship, its particular success in the case of the Flavians can be seen from the unprecedented rate of economic growth and prosperity that swept through the provinces of Roman Spain in the first century CE.
Keywords in the original language:
municipium
Igabrum
beneficium
Vespasianus
civitas Romana
aedilis
dedico
Thematic keywords:
Latin right
Roman citizenship
imperial generosity
local elite
Bibliographical references:
Abbott, Frank Frost , Johnson, Allen Chester, Municipal Administration in the Roman Empire (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1926)
Alföldy, Géza, Spain, in Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 11, The High Empire, A.D. 70-192 (; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 444-461
des Boscs-Plateaux, Françoise, Un parti hispanique à Rome? Ascension des élites hispaniques et pouvoir politique d'Auguste à Hadrien, 27 av. J.-C.-138 ap. J.-C (Madrid: Casa de Velazque, 2005)
Curchin, Leonard , The Local Magistrates of Roman Spain (Toronto; London: University of Toronto Press, 1990)
Curchin, Leonard, A Supplement to The Local Magistrates of Roman Spain (Waterloo, 2015)
González Román, Cristóba, La Lex Irnitana y la onomástica de los municipios flavios, in Memorias de Historia Antigua XXIII-XXIV (; Oviedo, 2008), 77-102
Lamberti, Francesca, L'Irnitana maggiorenne, in Memorias de Historia Antigua XXIII-XXIV (; Oviedo, 2008), 21-40
Levick, Barbara, Vespasian (London: Routledge, 1999)
Lopez Barja de Quirogalien, Pedro , El Beneficium Manumissionis, la obligacion de manumitir y la virtud estoica, Dialogues d'histoire ancienne 19 (1993) : 47-64
Lebek, Wolfgang Dieter, Die municipalen Curien oder Domitian als Republikaner: Lex Lati (Tab. Irn.) Paragraph 50(?) und 51, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 107 (1995) : 135-194
Pintado, Javier A. , El comportamento munificente de las élites Hispano-Romanas en materia religiosa. La construccíon de templos per iniciativa privada en Hispania, Iberia 3 (2000) : 111-128
Stylow, Armin U. , Apuntes sobre epigrafia de epoca flavia en Hispania, Gerión 4 (1986) : 296-301
Vives, Jose, I, Inscripciones Latinas de la España romana (Barcelona, 1971)
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Publishing date: Sat, 08/05/2017 - 22:58
URL: https://www.judaism-and-rome.org/local-magistrates-igabrum-spain-gain-citizenship-cil-ii5-308
Visited: Sat, 01/28/2023 - 21:59