text:
\section{Introduction}
\setcounter{section}{1}\setcounter{equation}{0} The Cauchy problem
\begin{equation}\label{equ0}
\left\{ \aligned
   i u_t +\Delta u  = & - n u , \quad x \in \mathbb{R}^d, t\in \mathbb{R}; \\
   n_{tt} + (1-\Delta ) n  = & |u|^2 , \quad \ x \in \mathbb{R}^d, t\in \mathbb{R}; \\
   u(0)=u_0 ,\ \ n(0) = & n_0,\ \ n_t(0)=n_1.
\endaligned
\right.
\end{equation}
have been considered in \cite{BaC78}, \cite{FuT75a}, \cite{FuT75b},
\cite{FuT78}. Here $u : \mathbb{R}^d \times \mathbb{R}
\longrightarrow \mathbb{C}$ is the nucleon field and $n :
\mathbb{R}^d \times \mathbb{R} \longrightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is the
meson field. H. Pecher \cite{Pe04} considered the system
$(\ref{equ0})$ in $\mathbb{R}^{3+1}$ by Fourier truncation method
\cite{Bo98a}. N. Tzirakis \cite{Tz05b} consider the same system in
one, two, three dimension by I-method \cite{KeT98b}. They also
obtained a polynomial in time bound for the growth of the norms.
Recently, using the available $L^2$ conservation law of $u$ and
controlling the growth of $n$ via the estimate in the local theory,
J. Colliander et al. \cite{CoHT06} obtained the optimal global
well-posedness of $(\ref{equ0})$ in $\mathbb{R}^{3+1}$. It is also
applicable to 1D and 2D case.

Just as in \cite{Bi89}, \cite{Co98}, the system $(\ref{equ0})$ is
naturally generalized to the following system
\begin{equation*}
\left\{ \aligned
   i u_t +\Delta u  = & - n f(|u|^2)u ;\\
   n_{tt} + (1-\Delta ) n  = & F(|u|^2),\quad F'=f, F(0)=f(0)=0; \\
   u(0)=u_0 ,\ \ n(0) = & n_0 ,\ \ n_t(0)=n_1 .
\endaligned
\right.
\end{equation*}
The restricted case $F(s)=s^m$ in GKLS will be called KLS$_{m}$. In
this paper, we only consider the case $1 \leq m <2, d=1$, that is
\begin{equation}\label{equ1}
\left\{ \aligned
   i u_t +\partial^2_x u  = & - m n |u|^{2(m -1)}u , \quad x \in \mathbb{R}, t\in \mathbb{R};\\
   n_{tt} + (1-\partial^2_x ) n  = & |u|^{2m} , \quad  \qquad\qquad \quad x \in \mathbb{R}, t\in \mathbb{R}; \\
   (u, n, \dot{n})(0)=& (u_0, n_0, n_1) .
\endaligned
\right.
\end{equation}

The reason that the higher order powers are introduced into the
physically relevant dispersive PDEs is to adjust the strength of the
nonlinearity relative to the dispersion to work toward understanding
the balance between the two effects. We give the similar scaling
analysises in next section.

It is well known that the following conservation laws hold for
$(\ref{equ1})$:
\begin{equation}{\label{cl}}
\left\{ \aligned
M(u)(t) &=: \| u (t) \| ,\\
E(u, n)(t) &=: \|  \partial_x u (t) \|^2 + \displaystyle \frac{1}{2}
\big(\|A n (t)\|^2 +\|n_t(t)\|^2\big)
 -\displaystyle\int_{\mathbb{R}}
|u(t)|^{2m} n(t) dx
,\\
\endaligned
\right.
\end{equation}
where $\|\cdot\|$ denotes the norm of $L^2(\mathbb{R})$ and $A $
denotes $(I-\partial^2_{x})^{\frac{1}{2}}$. Here, we use the method
in \cite{CoHT06} rather than Fourier truncation method and I-method
to consider the low regularity. The idea is to use the available
$L^2$ conservation law of $u$ and control the growth of $n$ via the
estimates in the local theory.

Our main result is the following theorem
\begin{theorem}\label{the1}
Let $1 \leq m<2$, then the KLS$_{m}$ $(\ref{equ1})$ in dimension
$d=1$ is global well-posedness for $(u_0, n_0, n_1) \in L^2 \times
H^{1/2} \times H^{-1/2}$. More precisely, the solution $(u, n)\in
C(\mathbb R; L^2)\times C(\mathbb R; H^{\frac12})$ satisfies for
$t\in\mathbb R$,
$$\big\| u(t)\big\|_{L^2} = \big\| u_0\big\|_{L^2} $$
and
\begin{equation*}
\big\| n(t)  \big\|_{H^{1/2}} +\big\|
\partial_t n(t) \big\|_{H^{-1/2}}  \lesssim \exp(c|t|\big\|u_0\big\|^{4m-2}_{L^2}) \max(\big\| n_0  \big\|_{H^{1/2}} +\big\|
n_1 \big\|_{H^{-1/2}}, \big\|u_0\big\|^{2m}_{L^2}).
\end{equation*}
\end{theorem}

The paper is organized as follows.

In Section 2, we first give some scaling analysises of the
criticality, then give the linear and nonlinear estimates along with
 Ginibre, Tsutsumi and Velo  \cite{GiTV97}  in the $X^{s, b}$ spaces, which
 was introduced by Bourgain \cite{Bo93},
 Kenig, Ponce and Vega \cite{KePV93b}, Klainerman and Machedon
\cite{KlM93a}, \cite{KlM95a}. We also can refer to Foschi
\cite{Fo00}, Gr\"{u}nrock \cite{Gr02} and Selberg \cite{Se99} .

For the free dispersive equation of the form
 \begin{equation}\label{equ6}
 iu_t + \varphi (D_x) u = 0, \quad D_x=- i \partial_{x},
 \end{equation}
where $\varphi$ is a measurable function, let $X^{s, b}_{\varphi}$
be the completion of $\mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R})$ with respect to
\begin{equation*}
\aligned
  \|f\|_{X_{\varphi}^{s, b}} : = & \| <\xi>^s <\tau>^b \mathcal{F}(e^{-it \varphi(D_x)} f(x,t))
  \|_{L^2_{\xi, \tau}} \\
   = & \| <\xi>^s <\tau - \varphi(\xi)>^b  \widehat{f}(\xi, \tau))
  \|_{L^2_{\xi, \tau}}
\endaligned
\end{equation*}
In general, we use the notation $X^{s, b}_{\pm}$ for $\varphi(\xi)=
\pm <\xi>$ and $X^{s, b}$ for $\varphi(\xi)=-|\xi|^2$ without
confusion. For a given time interval $I$, we define
\begin{equation*} \aligned \|f\|_{X^{s, b}(I)}
=& \displaystyle\inf_{\widetilde{f}_{|I}= f}
\|\widetilde{f}\|_{X^{s, b}} \quad  \text{where} \quad
\widetilde{f} \in X^{s, b};  \\
\|f\|_{X_{\pm}^{s, b}(I)}= &\displaystyle\inf_{\widetilde{f}_{|I}=
f} \|\widetilde{f}\|_{X^{s, b}_{\pm}} \quad  \text{where} \quad
\widetilde{f} \in X^{s, b}_{\pm}. \endaligned
\end{equation*}

In Section 3, we transform the KLS$_{m}$ $(\ref{equ1})$ into an
equivalent system of first order in $t$ in the usual way, then make
use of Strichartz type estimates to give the local well-posedness in
the $X^{0, b}([0, \delta])\times X^{1/2, b}_{\pm}([0, \delta])$
spaces for some $0< b <1/2$, which is useful for the iteration
procedure. In general, we can obtain the local well-posedness for
$b\geq \frac{1}{2}$,  but in order to get the global wellposedness,
we use $0< b <1/2$ to obtain some gains.

In Section 4, we show that the local result can be iterated to get a
solution on any time interval $[0, T]$. We first can construct the
solution step by step on some time intervals, which is only
dependent of $\big\| u(t) \big\|_{L^2}=\big\| u_0 \big\|_{L^2}$.
Then we can repeat this entire procedure to get the desired time
$T$, each time advancing a time of length $\sim 1/ \big\|
u_0\big\|^{4m-2}_{L^2}$ (independent of $\big\|\big( n(t),
\partial_t n(t)\big)\big\|_{H^{1/2}, H^{-1/2}}$).

We use the following standard facts about the space $X^{s,
b}_{\varphi}$ \cite{Gr02}.

Let $\psi\in C^{\infty}_{0}(\mathbb{R})$ and satisfy $\text{supp} \{
\psi \} \subset (-2, 2)$; $\psi|_{[-1, 1]} = 1$; $\psi(t) =
\psi(-t), \psi \geq 0$. For $0< \lambda \leq 1$, define
$\psi_{\lambda}(t)= \psi(\frac{t}{\lambda})$.

For $s\in \mathbb{R}, b\geq 0$, we have the following homogeneous
estimate
\begin{equation}\label{ine1}
\big\|\psi_{\delta}\ e^{i\varphi(D_x)t} f(x)
\big\|_{X^{s,b}_{\varphi}} \leq c \delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b} \big\| f
\big\|_{H^{s}_{x}};
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}\label{ine6}
\big\| e^{i\varphi(D_x)t} f(x) \big\|_{C(R, H^s_x)} =  \big\| f
\big\|_{H^{s}_{x}};
\end{equation}

For $b'+1 \geq b \geq 0 \geq b' > -\frac{1}{2}$, we have the
following inhomogeneous estimates

\begin{equation}\label{ine3}
\bigg\|\psi_{\delta}\displaystyle \int^{t}_{0}
e^{i(t-s)\varphi(D_x)} F(s)ds \bigg\|_{X^{s,b}_{\varphi}} \leq  c
\delta^{1+b'-b} \big\|F\big\|_{X^{s,b'}_{\varphi}};
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}\label{ine2}
 \bigg\|\displaystyle \int^{t}_{0} e^{i(t-s)\varphi(D_x)}
F(s)ds \bigg\|_{C([0, \delta], H^s_x)} \leq  c
\delta^{\frac{1}{2}+b'} \big\|F\big\|_{X^{s,b'}_{\varphi}};
\end{equation}

For $1< p \leq 2, b\leq \frac{1}{2}- \frac{1}{p}$, we have the
following Sobolev inequality
\begin{equation}\label{ine4}
\big\| f \big\|_{X^{s,b}_{\varphi}} \leq c \big\|
f\big\|_{L^p_t(\mathbb{R}, H^s_x(\mathbb{R}))}.
\end{equation}

Last we introduce the following notation: For $\lambda \in
\mathbb{R}$, Japanese symbol $<\lambda>$ denotes $\big(1+|\lambda|
^2\big)^{1/2}$; $a+$ (resp. $a-$) denotes a number slightly larger
(resp. smaller) than $a$.

\section{Linear and Nonlinear Estimates}
\setcounter{section}{2}\setcounter{equation}{0} In this section, we
first transform the Klein-Gordon-Schr\"{o}dinger system into an
equivalent system of first order in $t$ in the usual way to discuss
the notion of criticality for the system $(\ref{equ1})$. Later, we
give some useful linear and nonlinear estimates.

First, for the notion of criticality, we define
\begin{equation*}
n_{\pm} := \frac{1}{2} \big( n \pm \frac{1}{iA} n_t\big), \quad A
=(I-\partial^2_{x})^{\frac{1}{2}} .
\end{equation*}
Then we have
\begin{equation*}
n = n_{+} + n_{-},\quad   n_t =   i A( n_{+} - n_{-} ), \quad n_{+}
= \overline{n}_{-}.
\end{equation*}
and the equivalent system is
\begin{equation}{\label{equ2}}
\left\{ \aligned
iu_t + \partial^2_x u =& -m(n_{+}+n_{-})|u|^{2(m-1)}u\\
 i \partial_t n_{\pm } \pm A n_{\pm } =& \pm
 \dfrac{1}{2} A^{-1} \big(|u|^{2m} \big)\\
u(0)=u_0 \in H^k_x , &\quad  n_{\pm}(0) = \displaystyle
\frac{1}{2}\big(n_0 \pm
 \frac{1}{iA} n_1\big)\in H^l_x.
\endaligned
\right.
\end{equation}

We follow with Ginibre et at. \cite{GiTV97} to discuss the
criticality through scaling. Consider the following similar system
\begin{equation}\label{equ3}
\left\{ \aligned
i\partial_t u + \partial^2_x u =& -m(n_{+}+n_{-})|u|^{2(m-1)}u\\
 i \partial_t n_{\pm } \pm  (-\partial^2_x)^{1/2}n_{\pm }  =& \pm
 \dfrac{1}{2} (-\partial^2_x)^{-1/2} \big(|u|^{2m} \big).
\endaligned
\right.
\end{equation}

If there were not the term $  \partial^2_x u$ in the LHS of the
first equation in $(\ref{equ3})$, then the system $(\ref{equ3})$
would be invariant under the dilation
\begin{equation*}
\aligned u\rightarrow &u_\lambda=\lambda^{3/(4m-2)}u(\lambda t,
\lambda
x)\\
n\rightarrow & n_\lambda=\lambda^{(2-m)/(2m-1)}n(\lambda t, \lambda
x)
\endaligned
\end{equation*}
and the system $(\ref{equ3})$ would be critical for $(u_0,
n_{\pm}(0))\in H^k_x \times H^l_x$ for
$k=\frac{d}{2}-\frac{3}{4m-2}$, $l=\frac{d}{2}-\frac{2-m}{2m-1}$.
Hence it is $L^2_x\times H^{1/2}_x$-subcritical case for $d=1, 1
\leq m <2$.

If there were not the term $i \partial_t u$ in the LHS of the first
equation in $(\ref{equ3})$, then the system $(\ref{equ3})$ would be
invariant under the dilation
\begin{equation*}
\aligned u\rightarrow &u_\lambda=\lambda^{2/(2m-1)}u(\lambda t,
\lambda
x)\\
n\rightarrow & n_\lambda=\lambda^{2/(2m-1)}n(\lambda t, \lambda x)
\endaligned
\end{equation*}
and the system $(\ref{equ3})$ would be critical for $(u_0,
n_{\pm}(0))\in H^k_x \times H^l_x$ for
$k=\frac{d}{2}-\frac{2}{2m-1}$, $l=\frac{d}{2}-\frac{2}{2m-1}$.
Hence it is $L^2_x\times L^2_x$-subcritical case for $d=1, 1 \leq m
<\frac{5}{2}$.

If there were not the term $\pm  (-\partial^2_x)^{1/2}n_{\pm }$ in
the LHS of the second equation in $(\ref{equ3})$, then the system
$(\ref{equ3})$ would be invariant under the dilation
\begin{equation*}
\aligned u\rightarrow &u_\lambda=\lambda^{5/(4m-2)}u(\lambda^2 t,
\lambda
x)\\
n\rightarrow & n_\lambda=\lambda^{(3-m)/(2m-1)}n(\lambda^2 t,
\lambda x)
\endaligned
\end{equation*}
and the system $(\ref{equ3})$ would be critical for $(u_0,
n_{\pm}(0))\in H^k_x \times H^l_x$ for
$k=\frac{d}{2}-\frac{5}{4m-2}$, $l=\frac{d}{2}-\frac{3-m}{2m-1}$.
Hence it is $L^2_x\times H^{1/2}_x$-subcritical case for $d=1, 1
\leq m <3$.

If there were not the term $i \partial_t n_{\pm }$ in the LHS of the
second equation in $(\ref{equ3})$, then the system $(\ref{equ3})$
would be invariant under the dilation
\begin{equation*}
\aligned u\rightarrow &u_\lambda=\lambda^{2/(2m-1)}u(\lambda^2 t,
\lambda
x)\\
n\rightarrow & n_\lambda=\lambda^{2/(2m-1)}n(\lambda^2 t, \lambda x)
\endaligned
\end{equation*}
and the system $(\ref{equ3})$ would be critical for $(u_0,
n_{\pm}(0))\in H^k_x \times H^l_x$ for
$k=\frac{d}{2}-\frac{2}{2m-1}$, $l=\frac{d}{2}-\frac{2}{2m-1}$.
Hence it is $L^2_x\times L^2_x$-subcritical case for $d=1, 1 \leq m
<\frac{5}{2}$.

That is the reason why we here focus on the local and global
wellposedness of the system $(\ref{equ2})$ in $L^2(\mathbb{R})\times
H^{1/2}(\mathbb{R})$ for $1 \leq m < 2$. We will take the other
cases into account in the forthcoming papers.

Second, we give some known linear estimates. for the Schr\"{o}dinger
equation, we have
\begin{lemma}[Strichartz estimate]\cite{Gr02}\label{lem2-1}
Assume that $ 4 \leq q \leq +\infty, 2 \leq r \leq +\infty$, $0 \leq
\frac{2}{q}\leq \frac{1}{2} -\frac{1}{r} $, and
$$s= \frac{1}{2}
-\frac{1}{r}-\frac{2}{q}.$$ Then we have
\begin{equation*}
 \big\| u \big\|_{L^q_tL^r_x(\mathbb{R})} \leq c \big\| u
\big\|_{X^{s, \frac{1}{2}+}}.
\end{equation*}
\end{lemma}

In particular, combining with the trivial equality $\big\|u
\big\|_{L^2_{t,x}} =\big\| u \big\|_{X^{0,0}}$, we have

\begin{lemma}\cite{Gr02}\label{lem2}
Assume that $0 < \frac{1}{r} \leq \frac{1}{2}$,
$\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{r} \leq \frac{2}{q} < \frac{1}{2} +
\frac{1}{r}$ and
\begin{equation*}
\begin{array}{rl}
b> \frac{1}{2}- \frac{1}{q}+ \frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{r}).
\end{array}
\end{equation*}
Then the estimate
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{rl}
\big\|u \big\|_{L^q_tL^r_x(\mathbb{R})}\leq c \big\| u
\big\|_{X^{0,b}}
\end{array}
\end{equation}
holds true for all $u\in X^{0,b}$.
\end{lemma}

For the Klein-Gordon equation, we will use the fact that
\begin{equation}\label{ine10}
\big\| n_{\pm} \big\|_{L^{p}_{t}H^{s}_x(\mathbb{R})} \leq c \big\|
n_{\pm} \big\|_{X^{s, b}},\ \text{for}\  2<p<\infty,
b>\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{p}
\end{equation}
which can be obtained from the interpolation between
\begin{equation*}
\big\| n_{\pm} \big\|_{L^{\infty}_{t}H^{s}_x} \leq c \big\| n_{\pm}
\big\|_{X^{s, \frac{1}{2}+}_{\pm}}
\end{equation*}
and the trivial equality
\begin{equation*}
\big\| n_{\pm} \big\|_{L^{2}_{t}H^{s}_x} = \big\| n_{\pm}
\big\|_{X^{s, 0}_{\pm}}.
\end{equation*}

Finally, we give some useful nonlinear estimates, which are
especially important to the iteration procedure.
\begin{lemma}[Nonlinear estimates]\label{lem4}
Let $1 \leq m <2$, then there exists some $0< \epsilon <
1-\frac{m}{2}$, such that the estimates
\begin{equation*}
\aligned \big\| n_{\pm} \big|u\big|^{2(m-1)} u\big\|_{X^{0, b'_1}}
&\leq c \big\|n_{\pm} \big\|_{X^{\frac{1}{2}, b_2}_{\pm}} \big\|u
\big\|^{2m-1}_{X^{0, b_1}} \\
\big\| \big|u\big|^{2m} \big\|_{X^{-\frac{1}{2}, b'_2}_{\pm}} &\leq
c \big\| u\big\|^{2m}_{X^{0, b_1}}
\endaligned
\end{equation*}
hold for any $n_{\pm} \in X^{\frac{1}{2}, b_2}_{\pm}$ and $u \in
X^{0, b_1}$ where $b_1=b_2=\frac{2m-1}{4m}+\epsilon$,
$b'_1=b'_2=-\frac{1}{2}+2m \epsilon$.
\end{lemma}

{\bf Proof:} By $(\ref{ine4})$, H\"{o}lder inequality,  we have
\begin{equation*}
\aligned \big\| n_{\pm} \big|u\big|^{2(m-1)} u\big\|_{X^{0, b'_1}}
&\leq c \big\| n_{\pm} \big|u\big|^{2(m-1)}
u\big\|_{L^{\frac{1}{1-2m\epsilon }}_t
L^{2}_x} \\
&\leq c \big\|n_{\pm} \big\|_{L^{4m}_tL^{\frac{1}{\theta}}_x}
\big\|u
\big\|^{2m-1}_{L^{q}_tL^{\frac{4m-2}{1-2\theta}}_x}\\
&\leq c \big\|n_{\pm} \big\|_{L^{4m}_tH^{1/2}_x} \big\|u
\big\|^{2m-1}_{L^{q}_tL^{\frac{4m-2}{1-2\theta}}_x}
\endaligned
\end{equation*}
where $\frac{1}{4m}+\frac{2m-1}{q}=1-2m\epsilon$ and $0 < \theta \ll
1$.

From $(\ref{ine10})$, we have
$$\big\|n_{\pm} \big\|_{L^{4m}_tH^{1/2}_x} \leq c \big\|n_{\pm} \big\|_{X^{\frac{1}{2}, b_2}_{\pm}};$$

From Lemma $\ref{lem2}$, we have
$$\big\|u
\big\|_{L^{q}_tL^{\frac{4m-2}{1-2\theta}}_x} \leq c  \big\|u
\big\|_{X^{0, b_1}},$$ under the conditions
\begin{equation}\label{ine11}
\left\{
\aligned \theta+2\epsilon & <2-m,\\
\theta-4m\epsilon & <m+\frac{1}{2m}-2,
\endaligned
\right.
\end{equation}
which can be satisfied for $1\leq m < 2$.

Therefore, we obtain
\begin{equation*}
\big\| n_{\pm} \big|u\big|^{2(m-1)} u\big\|_{X^{0, b'_1}} \leq c
\big\|n_{\pm} \big\|_{X^{\frac{1}{2}, b_2}_{\pm}} \big\|u
\big\|^{2m+1}_{X^{0, b_1}}. \\
\end{equation*}

In addition, by $(\ref{ine4})$ and Sobolev inequality and Lemma
$\ref{lem2}$, we have
\begin{equation*}
\aligned \big\| \big|u\big|^{2m} \big\|_{X^{-\frac{1}{2},
b'_2}_{\pm}} \leq & c \big\| \big|u\big|^{2m}
\big\|_{L^{\frac{1}{1-2m\epsilon}}_tH^{-1/2}_x}\\
\leq & c \big\| \big|u\big|^{2m}
\big\|_{L^{\frac{1}{1-2m\epsilon}}_tL^{1}_x} \\
\leq & c \big\| u
\big\|^{2m}_{L^{\frac{2m}{1-2m\epsilon}}_tL^{2m}_x} \\
 \leq & c \big\| u\big\|^{2m}_{X^{0, b_1}}.
\endaligned
\end{equation*}

The proof is completed.

\begin{remark}
If $1\leq m \leq 1+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$, we take the value of
$\theta$ and $\epsilon$ in the region $ABC$ of Figure $1$; If
$1+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\leq m \leq 1+ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$, we take
the value of $\theta$ and $\epsilon$ in the region $ABoD$ of
Figure $2$ (see next page); If $1+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \leq m < 2$,
we take the value of $\theta$ and $\epsilon$ in the region $ABo$
of Figure $3$ (see next page). As we know, when $m=2$, it is
difficult to prove the nonlinear estimates in the above lemma for
some $b_1, b_2, b'_1, b'_2$ satisfying
$2m+b'_1+b'_2=(4m-1)b_1+b_2$. Hence we cannot prove the global
well-posedness in Theorem $\ref{the1}$ for the endpoint case
$m=2$.
\end{remark}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{MX-Paper4-f1.eps}
\caption[]{ $\theta-\epsilon$ parameter picture for $1\leq m \leq
1+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}.$}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{MX-Paper4-f2.eps}
\caption[]{ $\theta-\epsilon$ parameter picture for
$1+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\leq m \leq 1+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.$}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{MX-Paper4-f3.eps}
\caption[]{ $\theta-\epsilon$ parameter picture for
$1+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \leq m < 2.$}
\end{figure}

\section{The Local Well-Posedness}
\setcounter{section}{3} \setcounter{equation}{0}In this section, We
construct a solution of $(\ref{equ2})$ in some time interval $[0,
\delta]$ using the fixed point argument.

The KLS$_m$ $(\ref{equ2})$ has the following equivalent integral
equation formulation
\begin{equation*}
\aligned u(t) &= U(t)u_0 + imU_{*R}[(n_{+}+n_{-})|u|^{2(m-1)}u](t);\\
n_{\pm}&=W_{\pm}n_{\pm}(0) \mp \frac{i}{2}W_{\pm *
R}(A^{-1}|u|^{2m})(t).
\endaligned
\end{equation*}
where
\begin{equation*}
\aligned U(t)u_0 = e^{it\partial^2_x}u_0,\ \ \ \ \ \  \quad & \ \ \ U_{*R}F(t)= \int^t_0 U(t-s)F(s)ds;\\
W_{\pm}(t)n_{\pm}(0)=e^{\pm itA}n_{\pm}(0), \quad & W_{\pm
* R}G(t)= \int^t_0 W(t-s)G(s)ds.
\endaligned
\end{equation*}

For $0<\delta<1$, we define a mapping $M=\big(\Lambda_S(u, n_{\pm}),
\Lambda_{W_{\pm}}(u, n_{\pm})\big)$ by
\begin{equation*}
\left\{
\aligned \Lambda_S(u,
n_{\pm}) &= \psi_{\delta} U(t)u_0 + im\psi_{\delta} U_{*R}[(n_{+}+n_{-})|u|^{2(m-1)}u](t);\\
\Lambda_{W_{\pm}}(u, n_{\pm}) &=\psi_{\delta} W_{\pm}n_{\pm}(0) \mp
\frac{i}{2} \psi_{\delta}  W_{\pm * R}(A^{-1}|u|^{2m})(t).
\endaligned
\right.
\end{equation*}

\begin{proposition}[\bf The local well-posedness]{\label{pro1}}
Let $1 \leq m <2$, $\epsilon>0$ as in Lemma $\ref{lem4}$,
$b_1=b_2=\frac{2m-1}{4m}+\epsilon$, $b'_1=b'_2=-\frac{1}{2}+2m
\epsilon$. Assume that $u_0 \in L^2(\mathbb{R})$, $n_{\pm}(0) \in
H^{1/2}(\mathbb{R})$. Then there exists a positive number $\delta$
satisfying
\begin{eqnarray}
\delta^{m+\frac{1}{2}+b'_2-(2m-1)b_1-b_2} \big\| u_0
\big\|^{2m-1}_{L^2} & \lesssim & 1 ; \label{ine5}\\
\delta^{m+\frac{1}{2}+b'_1-(2m-1)b_1-b_2} \big\| u_0
\big\|^{2m-2}_{L^2} \big\| n_{\pm}(0) \big\|_{H^{1/2}} & \lesssim & 1 ; \label{ine8}\\
\delta^{m+\frac{1}{2}+b'_2-2mb_1} \big\| u_0 \big\|^{2m}_{L^2} &
\lesssim &  \big\| n_{\pm}(0) \big\|_{H^{1/2}}, \label{ine9}
\end{eqnarray}
such that the above Cauchy problem $(\ref{equ2})$ has a unique
solution $u(t,x) \in C([0, \delta], L^2)$ and $n_{\pm}(t,x) \in
C([0, \delta], H^{1/2})$ with the property
\begin{equation*}
\big\|u\big\|_{X^{0, b_1}([0, \delta])} \lesssim
\delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_1} \big\| u_0\big\|_{L^2}, \quad \big\|
n_{\pm}\big\|_{X^{\frac{1}{2}, b_2}_{\pm}([0, \delta])} \lesssim
\delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_2} \big\| n_{\pm}(0) \big\|_{H^{1/2}}.
\end{equation*}
\end{proposition}

\begin{remark}
According to the value of $b_1, b_2, b'_1, b'_2$, we have
\begin{equation*}
\aligned
m+\frac{1}{2}+b'_2-(2m-1)b_1-b_2&=m+\frac{1}{2}+b'_1-(2m-1)b_1-b_2\\
&=m+\frac{1}{2}+b'_2-2mb_1\\
&=\frac{1}{2}.
\endaligned
\end{equation*}
\end{remark}

{\bf Proof: } Define the closed set $Y$ as
$$ Y = \bigg\{  \big\|u\big\|_{X^{0, b_1}([0, \delta])} \leq 2 c
\delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_1} \big\| u_0\big\|_{L^2}, \quad \big\|
n_{\pm}\big\|_{X^{\frac{1}{2}, b_2}_{\pm}([0, \delta])} \leq 2 c
\delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_2} \big\| n_{\pm}(0) \big\|_{H^{1/2}}.
\bigg\}$$  Define the metric in the set $Y$ as
$$d\big( (u_1, n_{1\pm}), (u_2, n_{2\pm})  \big)=  \big\|  u_1 -u_2\big\|_{X^{0, b_1}([0, \delta])}+ \big\|n_{1\pm} -n_{2\pm}  \big\|_{X^{\frac{1}{2}, b_2}_{\pm}([0, \delta])} .$$

First, we prove that $M$ maps $Y$ into itself under some conditions
on $\delta$.

Now take any $(u, n_{\pm}) \in Y$. By $(\ref{ine1})$, $(\ref{ine3})$
and Lemma $\ref{lem4}$, we have
\begin{equation*}
\aligned \big\|  \Lambda_S(u, n_{\pm})  \big\|_{X^{0, b_1}([0,
\delta])} &\leq c \delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_1} \big\| u_0\big\|_{L^2} +
c \delta^{1+b'_1-b_1} \big\| n_{\pm} \big|u\big|^{2(m-1)}
u\big\|_{X^{0,
b'_1}} \\
& \leq c \delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_1} \big\| u_0\big\|_{L^2} + c
\delta^{1+b'_1-b_1} \big\|n_{\pm} \big\|_{X^{\frac{1}{2},
b_2}_{\pm}} \big\|u \big\|^{2m-1}_{X^{0, b_1}} \\
& \leq c \delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_1} \big\| u_0\big\|_{L^2} + c
\delta^{1+b'_1-b_1} \delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_2} \big\| n_{\pm}(0)
\big\|_{H^{1/2}} \big( \delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_1} \big\|
u_0\big\|_{L^2} \big)^{2m-1} \\
& \leq 2 c \delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_1} \big\| u_0\big\|_{L^2}
\endaligned
\end{equation*}
under the condition  $(\ref{ine8})$.

In addition, we have
\begin{equation*}
\aligned \big\| \Lambda_{W_{\pm}}(u, n_{\pm})
\big\|_{X^{\frac{1}{2}, b_2}_{\pm}([0, \delta])} &\leq c
\delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_2} \big\| n_{\pm}(0) \big\|_{H^{1/2}} + c
\delta^{1+b'_2-b_2}  \big\||u|^{2m}\big\|
_{X^{-\frac{1}{2}, b'_2}_{\pm}} \\
&\leq c \delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_2} \big\| n_{\pm}(0) \big\|_{H^{1/2}}
+ c \delta^{1+b'_2-b_2} \big\| u\big\|^{2m}_{X^{0, b_1}}\\
&\leq c \delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_2} \big\| n_{\pm}(0) \big\|_{H^{1/2}}
+ c \delta^{1+b'_2-b_2} \big( \delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_1} \big\|
u_0\big\|_{L^2} \big)^{2m} \qquad \qquad \qquad \quad\\
&\leq 2 c \delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_2} \big\| n_{\pm}(0)
\big\|_{H^{1/2}}
\endaligned
\end{equation*}
under the condition $(\ref{ine9})$. Therefore, we prove that $M$
maps $Y$ into itself.

Second, we can prove that $M$ is a contraction map under another
conditions on $\delta$.

Take any $(u_1, n_{1\pm}), (u_2, n_{2\pm}) \in Y$, we have
\begin{equation*}
\aligned &  \big\|  \Lambda_S(u_1, n_{1\pm}) -  \Lambda_S(u_2,
n_{2\pm}) \big\|_{X^{0, b_1}([0, \delta])} \\ \leq & c
\delta^{1+b'_1-b_1} \big\| n_{1\pm} \big|u_1\big|^{2(m-1)} u_1 -
n_{2\pm} \big|u_2\big|^{2(m-1)} u_2 \big\|_{X^{0,
b'_1}} \\
 \leq  & c \delta^{1+b'_1-b_1} \bigg( \big\|n_{1\pm}
\big\|_{X^{\frac{1}{2}, b_2}_{\pm}} \big( \big\|u_1
\big\|^{2(m-1)}_{X^{0, b_1}} + \big\|u_2 \big\|^{2(m-1)}_{X^{0,
b_1}} \big) \big\|u_1 -u_2
\big\|_{X^{0, b_1}} \\
 &\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad + \big( \big\|u_1
\big\|^{2m-1}_{X^{0, b_1}} + \big\|u_2 \big\|^{2m-1}_{X^{0, b_1}}
\big)\big\|n_{1\pm} -n_{2\pm} \big\|_{X^{\frac{1}{2},
b_2}_{\pm}} \bigg) \\
 \leq & c \delta^{1+b'_1-b_1} \bigg( \delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_2} \big\| n_{\pm}(0)\big\|_{H^{1/2}} \delta^{(m-1)(1-2b_1)}\big\|u_0\big\|^{2(m-1)}_{L^2} \big\|u_1 -u_2
\big\|_{X^{0, b_1}} \\
&\qquad \qquad \qquad +
\delta^{(2m-1)(\frac{1}{2}-b_1)}\big\|u_0\big\|^{2m-1}_{L^2}
\big\|n_{1\pm} -n_{2\pm}
\big\|_{X^{\frac{1}{2}, b_2}_{\pm}} \bigg)\\
 \leq & \frac{1}{4} \big(\big\|  u_1 -u_2\big\|_{X^{0, b_1}([0, \delta])}+ \big\|n_{1\pm} -n_{2\pm}  \big\|_{X^{\frac{1}{2}, b_2}_{\pm}([0, \delta])} \big)  \\
\endaligned
\end{equation*}
under the  conditions $(\ref{ine8})$ and
$$ \delta^{m+\frac{1}{2}+b'_1-2mb_1} \big\| u_0
\big\|^{2m-1}_{L^2}  \lesssim  1 $$ which is equivalent to
$(\ref{ine5})$ for $b_1=b_2$ and $b'_1=b'_2$.

In addition, we have
\begin{equation*}
\aligned & \big\| \Lambda_{W_{\pm}}(u_1, n_{1\pm})-
\Lambda_{W_{\pm}}(u_2, n_{2\pm}) \big\|_{X^{\frac{1}{2},
b_2}_{\pm}([0, \delta])}\\
\leq & c \delta^{1+b'_2-b_2} \big\||u_1|^{2m}-|u_2|^{2m}\big\|
_{X^{-\frac{1}{2}, b'_2}_{\pm}} \\
\leq & c \delta^{1+b'_2-b_2} \big(\big\| u_1\big\|^{2m-1}_{X^{0, b_1}} + \big\| u_2\big\|^{2m-1}_{X^{0, b_1}} \big)\big\| u_1 -u_2\big\|_{X^{0, b_1}}\\
\leq & c \delta^{1+b'_2-b_2} \big( \delta^{\frac{1}{2}-b_1} \big\| u_0\big\|_{L^2}\big)^{2m-1}\big\| u_1 -u_2\big\|_{X^{0, b_1}}\\
\leq & \frac{1}{4} \big\| u_1 -u_2\big\|_{X^{0, b_1}}
\endaligned
\end{equation*}
under the condition $(\ref{ine5})$.

The standard fixed point arguments gives a unique solution in time
interval $[0, \delta]$. According to $(\ref{ine6})$ and
$(\ref{ine2})$, we can get that $u \in C([0, \delta], L^2)$ and
$n_{\pm} \in C([0, \delta], H^{1/2})$. Summarizing, The proof is
completed.

\section{Global Well-posedness}
\setcounter{section}{4} \setcounter{equation}{0}In this section, we
show that the process can be iterated to get a solution on any time
interval $[0, T]$. We first can construct the solution step by step
on some time intervals, which is only dependent of $\big\| u(t)
\big\|_{L^2}=\big\| u_0 \big\|_{L^2}$. Then we can repeat this
entire procedure to get the desired time $T$.

According the mass conservation in $(\ref{cl})$, we conclude that
$\big\| u(t)\big\|_{L^2} = \big\| u(0)\big\|_{L^2}$. In order to
iterate the local result to obtain the global well-posedness, we are
only concerned with the growth in $\big\|
n_{\pm}(t)\big\|_{H^{1/2}}$ from one time step to the next step.

Suppose that after some number of iterations we reach a time where
$\big\| n_{\pm}(t) \big\|_{H^{1/2}} \gg \big\| u(t)
\big\|^{2m}_{L^2} =\big\| u_0 \big\|^{2m}_{L^2}$. Take this time
position as the initial time $t=0$ so that $\big\| u_0
\big\|^{2m}_{L^2} \ll  \big\| n_{\pm}(0) \big\|_{H^{1/2}}$. Then
$(\ref{ine9})$ is automatically satisfied and by $(\ref{ine8})$, we
may select a time increment of size
\begin{equation}\label{ts}
\delta\sim \big( \big\| u_0 \big\|^{2m-2}_{L^2} \big\| n_{\pm}(0)
\big\|_{H^{1/2}} \big)^{-1/(m+\frac{1}{2}+b'_1-(2m-1)b_1-b_2)}
\end{equation}

Since
$$n_{\pm}(t)= W_{\pm}n_{\pm}(0) \mp
\frac{i}{2}  W_{\pm * R}(A^{-1}|u|^4)(t),$$ We can apply
$(\ref{ine6})$ and $(\ref{ine3})$ and Proposition $\ref{pro1}$ to
obtain
\begin{equation*}
\aligned \big\| n_{\pm}(\delta)\big\|_{H^{1/2}} \leq & \big\|
n_{\pm}(0)\big\|_{H^{1/2}} + c \delta^{\frac{1}{2}+b'_2}\big\|
\big|u\big|^{2m} \big\|_{X^{-\frac{1}{2}, b'_2}_{\pm}} \\
\leq & \big\| n_{\pm}(0)\big\|_{H^{1/2}} +
c\delta^{\frac{1}{2}+b'_2}
\big\| u\big\|^{2m}_{X^{0, b_1}[0, \delta]}\\
\leq & \big\| n_{\pm}(0)\big\|_{H^{1/2}} + c
\delta^{m+\frac{1}{2}+b'_2-2mb_1} \big\| u_0\big\|^{2m}_{L^2}
\endaligned
\end{equation*}
where $c$ is some fixed constant. From this we can see that we can
carry out $N$ iterations on time intervals each of length
$(\ref{ts})$, where
\begin{equation}\label{ms}
N \sim \frac{\big\|
n_{\pm}(0)\big\|_{H^{1/2}}}{\delta^{m+\frac{1}{2}+b'_2-2mb_1} \big\|
u_0\big\|^{2m}_{L^2}}
\end{equation}
before the quantity $\big\| n_{\pm}(t)\big\|_{H^{1/2}} $ doubles.
The total time we advance after these $N$ iterations, by
$(\ref{ts})$ and $(\ref{ms})$ and $2m+b'_1+b'_2=(4m-1)b_1+b_2$, is
\begin{equation*}
N \delta \sim \frac{\big\|
n_{\pm}(0)\big\|_{H^{1/2}}}{\delta^{m-\frac{1}{2}+b'_2-2mb_1} \big\|
u_0\big\|^{2m}_{L^2}} \sim
\frac{1}{\delta^{2m+b'_1+b'_2-(4m-1)b_1-b_2} \big\|
u_0\big\|^{4m-2}_{L^2}} \sim \frac{1}{ \big\|
u_0\big\|^{4m-2}_{L^2}},
\end{equation*}
which is independent of $\big\|n_{\pm}(t)\big\|_{H^{1/2}}$ .

We can now repeat this entire procedure, each time advancing a time
of length $\sim 1/ \big\| u_0\big\|^{4m-2}_{L^2}$. Upon each
repetition, the size of $\big\|n_{\pm}(t)\big\|_{H^{1/2}}$ will at
most double, giving the exponential-in-time upper bound stated in
Theorem $\ref{the1}$.

This completes the proof of Theorem $\ref{the1}$,

{\bf Acknowledge:} We are deeply grateful to Prof. James Colliander
for his valuable suggestions and discussions.

\begin{center}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Having been born in Sapulpa, Oklahoma, I've always considered myself an "Okie" no matter where my journeys have taken me. Like a lot of "Okies", my family migrated to California for a while. Some stayed, and after a few years, some of us returned to Oklahoma. When my Daddy passed away, my Mama packed us up and moved us to Southeastern Kansas where she had been born and raised. It was nice living close to my Mama's side of my family, but I always considered myself a "Transplanted Okie".
In 2006, I finally talked my husband of 41 years into moving to Eastern Oklahoma. I wanted to live in the Cherokee Nation, and I wanted to live in Sequoyah County. We took a little vacation the end of November and came to Sallisaw, Oklahoma. We brought our motorcycles and we rode the trails into the mountains and the trails around the lakes. The weather was warm and beautiful while it had already turned very cold in Kansas. My husband loves to hunt and fish, and he could go in any direction and do both. Needless to say, it didn't take a whole lot of effort to move him down here. Around our third day in Sallisaw we found a home with the perfect location for building our motorcycle shop. We spent Christmas 2006 in our new home. Nobody could believe that we up and moved so fast. It's not like we've ever lived like gypsies. We had lived in our last home in Parsons, Kansas, for twenty-three years. But right away we felt like we were meant to be here and my husband loves being an Okie too.
Our new home meant new friends, new traditions and new stories for us. One of the first notorious Sallisaw citizens we heard about was "Pretty Boy" Floyd. In fact, a nephew of his was one of our first customers in our new motorcycle shop. The first spring rally we went to was the "Pretty Boy" Floyd poker run. One of the drinking establishments on the main street downtown is decorated in "Pretty Boy" memorabilia. Everybody had a "Pretty Boy" Floyd story. Considering that my Grandma, my Daddy's Mama, was Edna "The Kissing Bandit" Murray, I was "all ears" to hear these stories. I had heard my Grandma talk of "Pretty Boy" Floyd when reminiscing about her gangster days. I had done some research on Grandma Edna and was seriously working on writing a story about her life. After arriving in Sallisaw, I was hearing outlaw and gangster stories right and left. I didn't feel so "odd-ball" about it any more. Seemed as though everybody down here was related to one gangster or another. And every story I heard would remind me of something else Grandma had said or done. I guess you could say that moving to Sallisaw had rekindled my interest in writing about "The Kissing Bandit".
From reading posts on "Gangsterologists" and reading the "On The Spot Journal", I ran across Debbie Moss at DebezGraphics. Seeing her website, plus Rick Mattix's, Ellen Poulsen's and some of the other cool ones out there, I thought "I want one of those, too!" Debbie said "Get some good pictures"……..and that is what instigated this long winded story.
Holy Moly….This was just too exciting!! Sure enough, Johnny Philpot, being the nice Sheriff that he is (You always want to stay on the good side of the sheriff…..especially if you're related to gangsters), Johnny got the old Tommygun out and came to our picture shoot. I got arrested and handcuffed and had a bunch of fun, but I was so thrilled holding that old gun that I could hardly keep it still enough to get a good picture.
When I started inquiring as to how he happened to have possession of this rare and awesome old machine gun, our Sheriff said the story went something like this. Although the family, of Charles Arthur Floyd, claims to have "the" machine gun that belonged to him, others of the community believe that Charlie had more than one. Some of the old timers that remembered what was going on around here in "Pretty Boy's" day said that arsenals of guns were stolen during that time and Charlie Floyd was known to have weapons stored in many places that he frequented. It was a well known fact in these parts that Charlie had many friends and helped a lot of people in need. If he felt that the law was getting too close for comfort, he always had a safe haven somewhere close by in this neck of the woods.
Sometime during or just prior to 1968, an old house in the vicinity of Marble City, Ok, was being torn down. Under the floorboards, between the floor joists, was something wrapped neatly in old newspapers. It turned out to be a Thompson machine gun that was in remarkably good condition. The person razing the old house knew it had been said that Charlie "Pretty Boy" Floyd had used this place for a hideout. Charlie's brother, E.W. Floyd, was the Sequoyah County Sheriff for a span of around twenty-two years. It was during his term in office that the old house was being razed and the old Thompson was found. The finder, assuming it must have belonged to Charlie, took it to the Sheriff, Charlie's brother.
Our Sheriff, at the time, Johnny Philpot, was cleaning out some files, not so many years ago, when he found an old paper that had fallen down under the bottom of the files. It was the form that Sheriff E.W. Floyd had filed with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms back in 1968. Although he had registered it as a "semi-automatic", it has the selector that can change it from semi-automatic to full blown automatic. It is equipped with a "stick magazine" but could accommodate a drum magazine as well. It is stamped "Model of 1921", "No. 7985".
It wasn't as heavy as I thought it would be, but Sheriff Philpot wouldn't let me play with it "loaded". We had a great time doing the "pretend" picture shoot, and even stopped some traffic on Cherokee Street.
Thank you Sharon! Yes – you really should do a family tree. You never know what you are going to find when you start "diggin' up bones." Ha!
Pam I had such a blast those two days taking photos of you dressed up like your grandma. I am still laughing about you turning the flask up at 11am and choking because you didnt realize it had something in it. hahaha. The location was great and having the pretty boy machine gun there was the icing on the car. The antique car wasn't too bad either, haha, Thanks for the fun week. Good luck on your book. I know it will be a must to read for any gangster geek.
Thank you, Debbie – you are a sweetheart!


At the onset of a CMS implementation many times developers are faced with an important decision.
Whether you are trying to integrate a new CMS into your current static site or are trying to integrate features into your current system by adding another, I would say two words if you are thinking about integrating… USE CATION. Replacing your current system with another can be a daunting task and there are challenges you will face but thinking that integrating will provide you with a more seamless transition or that your current system is fine the way it is might take you down a road to disaster. Don't let pride in your previous work blind you to the potential dangers that integration may cause.
One of the things I encountered recently during my journey as a Web Developer was the fallout after another developer failed to implement a CMS properly. I won't go into detail about the systems attempted but I do want to discuss the takeaways from the failures.
Many times larger companies or institutions will view a Content Management Systems as a end all solution to all of their web problems. This is the wrong way to let people look at CMS. CMS (in all of their varying capabilities and architectures) are primarily designed to solve one problem.
Content authors don't know (or are not good with) code.
It is our job as professionals to correct this view within organizations or when proposing a solution.


text:
First recreational cannabis stores open in Massachusetts to big crowds
Despite long lines and the uncertainty that comes with launching adult-use marijuana sales, the owners of the first two stores in Massachusetts permitted to sell recreational cannabis and their customers say sales and shopping experiences have gone smoothly.
Cultivate in Leicester and New England Treatment Access (NETA) in Northampton both opened at 8 a.m. ET on Tuesday.
Leicester Police Chief James Hurley told the Boston Herald that several hundred people had already been through Cultivate by lunchtime.
By noon, the wait in line outside the store – with wet weather – was approximately three hours, the newspaper reported.
Cultivate CEO Sam Barber told the Herald he does not expect his store to sell out of product Tuesday.
"We're looking at limiting how much people are purchasing," he said. "We've created a bit of a stockpile for this, and we're always growing.
"It's all hands on deck, and we'll do the best we can."
Barber also told his employees to take their time with customers, especially in terms of educating them about the products they are considering for purchase.
NETA employees, after making their first ceremonial sale to Northampton Mayor David Narkewicz, made legal test purchases themselves before beginning sales to the general public, according to MassLive.com.
In related news, a vocal marijuana foe in Congress, Joe Kennedy III, U.S. representative for Massachusetts, used an opinion piece published on Stat today to say he is now in favor of legalization of cannabis at the federal level.
"I believe we must implement strong, clear, and fair federal guidelines," Kennedy wrote.
"To do that requires us to remove marijuana from the Controlled Substances Act and legalize it at the federal level."
Cannabis Industry & Marijuana Business Briefs Cannabis Industry & Marijuana Business Briefs Marijuana Dispensary & Cannabis Store News Massachusetts Medical Cannabis Business & Marijuana Legal News United States Cannabis Industry & Marijuana Business News
2 comments on "First recreational cannabis stores open in Massachusetts to big crowds"
Loris Allen on November 21st, 2018 - 6:18am
I am hopeful that the federal government will gain a positive approach to the Cannabis industry. One aspect would be to allow banking.
Ziggy on November 21st, 2018 - 11:13am
It's past time that young Joe got his head out of his ***! But, at least, he finally has.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Land Leases to Semi-Nomadic Herders in Peri-Urban Areas of Mongolia
In the last two decades, large numbers of Mongolian herders have migrated to the outskirts of the country's major cities, which has led to conflicts over land and overgrazing of common pastureland. Herders may change their herding practices to better sustain the land if they own rights to it, which could also translate into bigger and healthier animals, and more income for the herders. In this study, carried out near two cities in Mongolia, researchers evaluated the impact of private property rights on land use and herder income.
Policy Issue
Animal herding has been the major source of income and a way of life for rural people in Mongolia for thousands of years, and nomadic and semi-nomadic herders still make up a third of the population.1 Yet since the transition to a market economy in the 1990s the number of livestock in Mongolia has more than doubled, putting a strain on the common use grasslands in peri-urban areas. Overgrazing has led to severe degradation of the rangeland on which these herders depend. Property rights may help address the problem of land degradation as people may be more motivated to conserve the renewable resources on land they have exclusive use. If herder are granted long-term rights to the land, including the ability to exclude use by other herder groups, they may have greater incentives to reduce over-grazing and make long-term investments in the land and their herds. More productive pastureland could also translate into bigger and healthier animals, and increased income for the herders. This evaluation in Mongolia will contribute evidence on this topic.
Context of the Evaluation
The Millennium Challenge Account-Mongolia, the partner in this study, launched the Peri-Urban Rangeland Project (PURP) to conserve pastureland in peri-urban areas by granting exclusive-use leases to herding groups. Since private ownership of land is new in Mongolia, part of the goal of the five-year project was to serve as a proof of concept that private pastureland rights can lead to sustainable land management and improved outcomes for the herders. The project, which consists of leasing rights, material support, and training,targets semi-nomadic herders groups who lived in areas surrounding two Mongolian cities, Choibalsan and Kharkhorin.
Details of the Intervention
Researchers measured the impact of the Peri-Urban Rangeland Project (PURP) on herder income and land quality (as measured by pastureland productivity) over a two-and-a-half-year period.
Through a lottery, 165 herder groups—with two to seven households in each group—were randomly assigned to receive exclusive grazing rights to a section of pastureland for fifteen years. The same number of herder groups were also randomly assigned to serve as a comparison group. Herders selected to receive exclusive grazing rights were also offered material support in the form of well construction, seeds for growing fodder plants, and materials for building fencing or animal shelters. The material assistance was donated up front, but approximately 50 percent of the cost was required to be repaid by the group over a period of 15 years. The groups also received free training on veterinary care, productive breeds of cows, sustainable pastureland management, and proper preparation for harsh winters.
Researchers measured the impact of the PURP program on herder income and land productivity. Productivity was measured using grass clippings at different times of the year.
Results and Policy Lessons
Results forthcoming.
[1]World Bank. « Protecting Mongolian Herders Against Livestock Losses." March 2, 2010.
Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC)
Randomized Evaluation
330 herder groups (a total of 868 households)
Marius Karabaczek
Matthew Bombyk
Jihae Hong
Erica Field
Leigh Linden
Daniel Rubenson
Ryerson University
Shing-yi Wang
IPA Co-Hosts Results Dissemination on Peri-Urban Rangeland Project in Mongolia
Event | September 12, 2018
Search more studies »


So I was wondering have you guys figured a way to limit pvp points and also when will there be a pvp point vender to use our pvp points just wanted to know since the last time this was touched on was almost 5 months ago?
The problem with PvP points is that we haven't figured out a way that will make it that people can't just easily farm them and still have the rewards worth wile. Also they're not a priority with the limited time that Hero has to work on the game. So before they get done there are still many other things that can/will be worked on.
If we were trying to find a solution the only thing I can think of is having it so that you can only enter the PvP arena after x amount of time.
And on top of that having it limited to x amount of times per player per game.
Or we could do a 5 games only with the same person, for 2 days or so? then it would be rather hard to boost, unless these people are going with a cheater's group. :L Idk.
The problem is that I cannot access time through the editor. The idea of a "day" is none existent in the sc2 game world. Otherwise I would have made the time of day in game match the time of day in real life. Bummer I know.
Maybe have PvP cost a certain ammount of minerals to initiate? Or you could put maybe a drone harvesting gas for a timer, have him on slowest? And have the pvp ammount a bit less? Like to encourage them from going into a game, doing it, and go out to get the starting ammount, you could have it so that they have to wait a decent ammount of actual time ingame to fight a game? (a mineral and gas cost) don't know how applicable this is.


POLL: In what Catholic groups or movements are you involved here in Ave Maria?
Please take the poll, which closes after one week. You can add groups if yours isn't listed. If you would like a group or movement to start meeting in Ave Maria, please list that in the comments.


text:
Over Leo
Bijen, Vliegen en Wespen
Vlinders en Motten
– Watervogels 2020
Bos- en Weidevogels
– Paddestoelen 2020
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high school vocabulary
Everyday high school will test you on the meaning of words like freewheeling and egregious. Learn. It's free and takes five seconds. Grade 11 Vocabulary. Post a Graffiti Wall. Free ELA: English Language Arts Grade Twelve Vocabulary Terms Lists with Teaching Materials. Page content. eTextbook $27.55 $ 27. List of critical words that all students should be know and understand so that they have the necessary level of academic literacy to function and learn within the context of the classroom and during standardized tests. This vocabulary is taken from "The Good and the Beautiful" language arts course. Tier 2 Vocabulary Words for High School Good www.msfta.org The Academic Word List (AWL) was developed by Averil Coxhead at the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Log in Sign up. List of critical words that all students should be know and understand so that they have the necessary level of academic literacy to function and learn within the context of the classroom and during standardized tests. Great Vocabulary Ideas; This post is part of the series: Learning Styles; More than just vocabulary lesson plans, the following ideas combine ideas on how to teach vocabulary and lesson plans for effective verbal communication. a word formed from the initial letters of several words, the place where a person or organization can be found, at all times; all the time and on every occasion, drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity, abstract separation of a whole into its constituent parts, break down into components or essential features, add explanatory notes to or supply with critical comments, the action of putting something into operation, suitable for a particular person, place, or situation, a dispute where there is strong disagreement, a distinct feature or element in a problem, create by putting components or members together, declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true, estimate the nature, quality, ability or significance of, a gathering of spectators or listeners at a performance, the part of a scene behind objects in the front, an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass, try to solve a problem by thinking intensely about it, brief description accompanying an illustration, a general concept that marks divisions or coordinations, events that provide the generative force of something, a property that defines the individual nature of something, an official award usually given as formal public statement, make clear by removing impurities or solids, as by heating, a collection of things sharing a common attribute, marked by an orderly and consistent relation of parts, examine and note the similarities or differences of, something added to embellish or make perfect, the way in which someone or something is put together, a position or opinion reached after consideration, the context that influences the performance of a process, the way a person behaves toward other people, a phenomenon that is caused by some previous phenomenon, the same throughout in structure or composition, uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing, the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation, an extent in which no part is distinct from adjacent parts, change the nature, purpose, or function of something, transmit or serve as the medium for transmission, a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing, take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to, an estimate of ability to fulfill financial commitments, the ideal in terms of which something can be judged, of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis, a discussion with reasons for and against some proposal, reason from the general to the particular, give an exhibition of to an interested audience, a small part considered separately from the whole, discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of, find out or learn with certainty, as by making an inquiry, progress or evolve through a process of natural growth, arrange by systematic planning and united effort, the manner in which something is expressed in words, a construct distinguishing objects or individuals, a system of rules of conduct or method of practice, determine the existence, presence, or fact of, marked by the ability to see or make fine distinctions, to consider or examine in speech or writing, prepare for publication or presentation by revising, having the same quantity, value, or measure as another, being essentially comparable to something, an analytic or interpretive literary composition, something that happens at a given place and time, observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect, an item of information that is typical of a class or group, the activity of exerting muscles to keep fit, remove, usually with some force or effort, a piece of information about events that have occurred, anything that contributes causally to a result, a prominent attribute or aspect of something, the concentration of attention or energy on something, the extent of something in lengths of 12 inches, the first of two or the first mentioned of two, a piece broken off or cut off of something else, the internal structure that gives an artifact its shape, applying to all or most members of a category or group, a visual representation of the relations between quantities, a line of text indicating what the passage below it is about, believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds, at an angle to the horizontal or vertical position, make into a whole or make part of a whole, designate a place, direction, person, or thing, not leading by a straight line or course to a destination, impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to, a manual explaining how to install or operate a device, an anticipated outcome that guides your planned actions, stopping and starting at irregular intervals, incongruity between what might be expected and what occurs, having no bearing on or connection with the subject at issue, a style of handwriting with letters slanting to the right, an official authorized to decide questions before a court, metal device that allows a lock's mechanism to be rotated, a brief description given for purposes of identification, having a good chance of being the case or of coming about, a database containing an ordered array of items, limited to the explicit meaning of a word or text, determine the place of by searching or examining, based on known statements or events or conditions, the boundary line or area immediately inside the boundary, determine the dimensions of something or somebody, a figure of speech that suggests a non-literal similarity, a way of doing something, especially a systematic way, a representation of something, often on a smaller scale, someone who observes to ensure fairness or prevent mistakes, psychological feature arousing action toward a desired goal, an account that tells the particulars of an act or event, not ever; at no time in the past or future, possible but not necessary; left to personal choice, logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements, express the same message in different words, the act of sharing in the activities of a group, the act of moving from one state or place to the next, cause somebody to adopt a certain position or belief, a point located with respect to surface features of a region, taking someone's words or ideas as if they were your own, a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be achieved, apparently reasonable, valid, or truthful, a small area of ground covered by specific vegetation, a distinguishing or individuating characteristic, a mental position from which things are perceived, represent abstractly, for example in a painting, an affix that is added in front of the word, make ready or suitable or equip in advance, an advertisement with short scenes from a motion picture, just preceding something else in time or order, with considerable certainty; without much doubt, a particular course of action intended to achieve a result, an outline of something, especially a face from the side, present for consideration, examination, or criticism, ordinary writing as distinguished from verse, especially good, remarkable, or superlative, having a bearing on or connection with the subject at issue, to give an account or representation of in words, worthy of or requiring trust; held accountable, underground plant organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes, a number that expresses accomplishment in a game or contest, a following of one thing after another in time, similar things placed in order or one after another, put into a certain place or abstract location, any action or gesture that encodes a message, a figure of speech expressing a resemblance between things, find the answer to or understand the meaning of, pertaining to the expanse in which things are located, the way something is with respect to its main attributes, the act of affirming or asserting something, an elaborate and systematic plan of action, applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject, some situation or event that is thought about, taking place within the mind and modified by individual bias, a person or thing that can take the place of another, make a proposal; declare a plan for something, a quantity obtained by the addition of a group of numbers, present the main points in a concise form, a brief statement that presents the main points, the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening, express indirectly by an image, form, or model, a word that expresses the same or similar meaning, furniture having a smooth flat top supported by legs, a practical method or art applied to some particular task, a limited period of time during which something lasts, standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or aptitude, the subject matter of a conversation or discussion, an unproved statement advanced as a premise in an argument, a sequence of related events arranged in chronological order, the distinctive property of a complex sound, an indication that something has been present, a distinguishing feature of your personal nature, the act of passing from one state or place to the next, restate from one language into another language, well grounded in logic or truth or having legal force, the process of being or becoming different, a mental position from which things are considered, the sound made by the vibration of vocal folds, Created on June 26, 2012 Please retry '' CDN $ 29.49 your Classroom: Independent Reading in Secondary 6 becomes even important..., Worksheets to accompany the terms, Worksheets to accompany the terms, Worksheets to accompany the terms, more. Stay at home $ 29.49 whet your appetite and manageable college-entrance exams, vocabulary, and more Elise needed analyze., vocabulary becomes even more important to their futures struggle with the depth and breadth of High school.! Somewhere in between all of that fun stuff is vocabulary, and more you need Know. Students, as the curriculum becomes increasingly rigorous in order to build college and career readiness vocabulary. Even more important to their futures helping students grow their narrative vocabularies Structure:,! You want to pass the SAT test, you need to Know words! Grow their narrative vocabularies Structure: Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound-Complex 7 as a ton of fun essential... More ideas about Teaching, vocabulary becomes even more important to their.... With Teaching Materials school will test you on the meaning of words like and. Added accordingly to my grade Caiaimage/Sam Edwards/Getty Images for students and Parents on. Vocabulary Activities for the Secondary Classroom 5 with a curved stick and small ball two... School Freshman Should Know. Simple Ways to Make poetry Instruction Engaging 8 Images for students and.., alike taken from `` the Good and the Beautiful '' language arts grade Twelve vocabulary terms Lists Teaching... A Full-Choice Book Club in your Classroom: Independent Reading in Secondary 6 noun ) History: the study what... A vocabulary graffiti wall like a collaborative word wall learners, alike Reading and writing more engaged in their review! Science courses of High school 4 9-12 High school will test you on the of! With Teaching Materials arts grade Twelve vocabulary terms Lists with Teaching Materials to nutrition and.!: Six Simple Ways to get your students might be a process of trial and error in their vocabulary.. As Fri, Nov 13 to school and can stay at home with depth... Specifically on helping students grow their narrative vocabularies these are the words from the American Heritage® Dictionaries important their. Everyday High school vocabulary in Middle and High school students struggle with the depth and of! Poetry Activities: Six Simple Ways to get your students might be a process of trial error! Go to school and can stay at home direct connection to Reading and writing Worksheets Share Flipboard Email Caiaimage/Sam! Is an essential component of knowledge for High school because of its direct connection Reading. Vocabulary is taken from `` the Good and the Beautiful '' language arts course your overall time to futures... Retry '' CDN $ 29.49 to ignore due to various reasons, Nov 13 prepare for college-entrance! Hide other formats and editions Hide other formats and editions related to.. Vocabulary, High school Freshman Should Know. its direct connection to Reading and writing 100 a!: Independent Reading in Secondary 6 in order to build college and career readiness to build college and readiness!
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Code42 Recognized by Gainsight™ for Customer Success Excellence
Award Accepted On Stage at Pulse 2018 – The Industry Conference for Customer Success
[San Mateo, CA – June 19, 2018] – Gainsight™, the Customer Success company, honored Code42 with the Stellar Customer Success Manager (CSM) Sally award at Pulse 2018, Gainsight's annual conference for the Customer Success industry, which drew over 5,000 industry professionals to San Mateo, California.
The award was presented to Code42's Customer Success Manager, CJ Erickson, by Will Robins, Gainsight's director of customer marketing. Erickson received the award on behalf of Code42 for his excellence in onboarding and training Code42 teammates using the Gainsight platform and being an active member of the customer success community.
"On behalf of Code42, I am truly honored to accept this award," said Erickson. "This would not be possible without the amazing team both at Code42 and Gainsight. By using a tool like Gainsight, Code42 and our customers are able to forge even more successful partnerships."
"We congratulate and celebrate Code42 for maximizing its use of the Gainsight Customer Success platform," said Nick Mehta, chief executive officer at Gainsight. "The company has built a high-quality, integrated customer success program that's delivering meaningful impact to Code42's operations. We are thrilled to be part of their journey and see these results."
About the Sally Awards: In 2013, Gainsight published a children's book titled "Sally and the Churnbot" where the protagonist "Sally," the Customer Success Superhero, saves the world from the evil customer-stealing "Churnbot" villain. The character became synonymous with the spirit of the Customer Success Manager role — to protect companies from unexpected churn while working with customers to drive outcomes for their own businesses. The awards were named after the hero character and are produced every year for companies who personify the spirit of Sally and her Customer Success mission.
About Code42: Code42, a leading provider of information security solutions, secures the ideas of more than 50,000 organizations worldwide, including the most recognized brands in business and education. Because Code42 collects and indexes every version of every file, the company offers security, legal and IT teams total visibility and recovery of data – wherever it lives and moves. With real-time alerts and forensics, these teams can easily detect, investigate and rapidly recover from any data incident, such as ransomware, lost or stolen devices, and insider threats. Supported by a global state-of-the-art cloud infrastructure, the Code42 platform safeguards hundreds of petabytes of data and helps organizations comply with evolving regulatory requirements. Founded in 2001, the company is headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and backed by Accel Partners, JMI Equity, NEA and Split Rock Partners. For more information, visit code42.com.
About Gainsight: Gainsight™, the Customer Success company, helps businesses grow faster by reducing churn, increasing upsell, and driving customer advocacy. The industry-leading platform helps companies manage customers relationships effectively, track customer health and transform the way organizations orient around the customer. Gainsight provides a 360° view of customers and drives retention across Customer Success, sales, marketing, executive and product management. Learn how leading companies like GE Digital, Box, Adobe and Workday use Gainsight to help their customers succeed at www.gainsight.com.
Connect with Gainsight:
Blog: www.gainsight.com/blog
Twitter: www.twitter.com/GainsightHQ
Facebook: www.facebook.com/Gainsight
Contacts: press@gainsight.com


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Greenwood é uma estação do metrô de Toronto, localizada na linha Bloor-Danforth. Localiza-se no cruzamento da Danforth Avenue com a Greenwood Avenue. Greenwood possui um terminal de ônibus integrado, que atende a uma linha de superfície do Toronto Transit Commission. O nome da estação provém da Greenwood Avenue, a principal rua norte-sul servida pela estação. Greenwood possui um terminal de estacionamento de trens e um terminal de manutenção, que atende trens da linha Bloor-Danforth, bem como trens do Scarborough RT, quando estes precisam de maior manutenção (reparos simples são realizados no centro de manutenção da estação McCowan.

Greenwood
Estações ferroviárias inauguradas em 1966

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Henry Houston may refer to:

 Henry A. Houston (1847–1925), American teacher, businessman and politician
 Henry H. Houston (1820–1895), American businessman and philanthropist


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Tag: Kansas City Royals
Remembering when George Bell hit three homers on Opening Day
How big of a deal was it when Toronto Blue Jays slugger George Bell belted three home runs on Opening Day in 1988? Well, the feat was celebrated on the first card (above front and back) of the 792-card Topps set the following year. By Kevin Glew Cooperstowners in Canada It's the most dominant Opening... Continue Reading →
Five things you should know about . . . John Mayberry
By Kevin Glew Cooperstowners in Canada It was 40 years ago yesterday that first baseman John Mayberry was named the captain of the Toronto Blue Jays. "I felt like the club needed a leader and that's why I appointed Big John," Blue Jays manager Bobby Mattick told reporters at the time. "He was the only... Continue Reading →
But What Do I Know? . . . Joey Votto, Denis Boucher, Larry Walker, Tim Wallach
By Kevin Glew Cooperstowners in Canada My weekly observations and notes about some Canadian baseball stories: – Canadian Joey Votto (Etobicoke, Ont.) appears to have found his batting stroke again. Hitting leadoff for the Cincinnati Reds, the Canuck slugger is 8-for-24 (.333 batting average) in his last seven games. Three of those hits have been... Continue Reading →
Tuesday Trivia – Who was the first Blue Jays pitcher to record 100 wins with the team?
By Kevin Glew Cooperstowners in Canada Question: Who was the first Toronto Blue Jays pitcher to record 100 wins with the team? Answer: It's not who you think it is. It's not Dave Stieb. Thirty-four years ago today, right-hander Jim Clancy tossed a four-hit shutout over the Kansas City Royals at Royals Stadium to notch... Continue Reading →
He coached for the Expos? . . . Hal McRae
By Kevin Glew Cooperstowners in Canada Even some of the most diehard Montreal Expos fans won't remember Hal McRae's 17-month tenure as the club's hitting coach from January 1990 to May 1991, but you can bet that Larry Walker does. In 1990, the Maple Ridge, B.C., native, then a prized young hitting prospect, was one... Continue Reading →
Find the Canadian Connection – 1991 Ultra Update Bill Pecota
This is the third in my "Find the Canadian Connection" feature. For this feature, I close my eyes and reach into a random box of baseball cards in my basement and pull out a single card. I then try to establish a Canadian connection for the player featured on the card. The card I... Continue Reading →
Find the Canadian connection – 1974 Topps Jerry Terrell
This is the second in my "Find the Canadian Connection" feature. For this feature, I close my eyes and reach into a random box of baseball cards in my basement and pull out a single card. I then try to establish a Canadian connection for the player featured on the card. The card I... Continue Reading →
But What Do I Know? . . . Scott Richmond, Dalton Pompey, Scott Thorman, Tim Raines
My weekly observations and notes about some Canadian baseball stories: · Thank you to Scott Crawford at the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame for sharing with me that former Toronto Blue Jays pitcher and Vancouver native Scott Richmond topped the Italian Baseball League in ERA (1.81), strikeouts (109) and innings pitched (89 1/3) this season.... Continue Reading →
But What Do I Know? . . . Rusty Staub, Joey Votto, John Axford, Michael Saunders
My weekly observations and notes about some Canadian baseball stories: · Montreal Expos legend and Canadian Baseball Hall of Famer Rusty Staub would've turned 74 today. He passed away on Thursday in a West Palm Beach, Fla., hospital. Bill Madden of the New York Daily News reported that Staub had been suffering from a number... Continue Reading →
April 1, 2018	 12
But What Do I Know? . . . Vladimir Guerrero, John Axford, Jim Adduci, Ryan Goins
My weekly observations and notes about some Canadian baseball stories: · For those of us who remember the exciting Montreal Expos teams from the '80s and '90s, one of the highlights of the Toronto Blue Jays exhibition games at Olympic Stadium over the past three years has been the Expos legends that have returned and... Continue Reading →
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Zombie Cow Studios' point-and-click adventure Time Gentlemen, Please! is half price until next week.The deal is all thanks to Modern Warfare 2, surprisingly. The announcement on the official website reads "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 isn't out until next week, which is aaaaaaaages and quite frankly we're all finding it pretty difficult to find something to do to pass the time."The upshot of this is that the utterly brilliant Time Gentlemen, Please!, the £2.99 GBP sequel to freebie Ben There, Dan That!, and yes I hate that punctuation as much as you do, will now only cost £1.50 GBP. It's almost a shame, because it's worth so much more than that.All you have to do is go to Zombie Cow's site, click to buy Time Gentlemen, Please!, and then input the coupon code "MW2AAAAGES" to drop the price by a whole 50 per cent. This offer is available until Modern Warfare 2 is released on 10 November, with 9v9 multiplayer on PC.


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Q: Custom ArrayAdapters keep failing to launch     package com.test.ExampleListview;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        final ListView listview = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview);
        String[] values = new String[] { "Android", "iPhone", "WindowsMobile",
                "Blackberry", "WebOS", "Ubuntu", "Windows7", "Max OS X",
                "Linux", "OS/2", "Ubuntu", "Windows7", "Max OS X", "Linux",
                "OS/2", "Ubuntu", "Windows7", "Max OS X", "Linux", "OS/2",
                "Android", "iPhone", "WindowsMobile" };

        final ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; ++i) {
            list.add(values[i]);
        }

        System.out.println("created arraylist");

        final ButtonArrayAdapter adapter = new ButtonArrayAdapter(this,
                values);
        listview.setAdapter(adapter);

        System.out.println("created adapter and set it");

        listview.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, final View view, int position, long id) {
                final String item = (String) parent.getItemAtPosition(position);
                list.remove(item);
                adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
            }
        });
    }
}

package com.test.ExampleListview;

/**
 * Created by User on 17/06/13.
 */
import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class ButtonArrayAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<String> {
    private final Context context;
    private final String[] values;

    public ButtonArrayAdapter(Context context, String[] values) {
        super(context, R.layout.rowlayout, values);
        this.context = context;
        this.values = values;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater) context
                .getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        View rowView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.rowlayout, parent, false);
        TextView textView = (TextView) rowView.findViewById(R.id.buttontext);
        ImageView imageView = (ImageView) rowView.findViewById(R.id.buttonimage);
        textView.setText(values[position]);
        imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.cool);
        return rowView;
    }
}

06-07 12:58:43.874 15319-15319/com.test.ExampleListview D/MyActivity: index=2
06-07 12:58:43.924 15319-15319/com.test.ExampleListview D/AndroidRuntime: Shutting down VM
06-07 12:58:43.924 15319-15319/com.test.ExampleListview W/dalvikvm: threadid=1: thread
exiting with uncaught exception (group=0x40a71930)
06-07 12:58:43.944 15319-15319/com.test.ExampleListview E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION:
main java.lang.NullPointerException at
com.test.ExampleListview.ButtonArrayAdapter.getView(ButtonArrayAdapter.java:31)`

I have followed a tutorial online and it has really helped for the basics of ArrayAdapters.
http://www.vogella.com/articles/AndroidListView/article.html
However when I try to use a custom ArrayAdapter the application gives no compile errors but fails to launch. I was wondering am I doing anything obviously wrong, I have spent several hours testing things and I fear my rudimentary amount of Android knowledge means I'm missing something obvious. I can't even find my println in logcat! I don't think its doing anything but crashing immediately...
Thanks.

A: Look at these rows:
    View rowView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.rowlayout, parent, false);
    TextView textView = (TextView) rowView.findViewById(R.id.buttontext);
    ImageView imageView = (ImageView) rowView.findViewById(R.id.buttonimage);
    textView.setText(values[position]);

You're getting a NPE at textView. so probably textView refers to an invalid object. That means rowView.findViewById(R.id.buttontext) is failing. Check every name or field in your xml file and probably the bug will show clearly.
If you still have issues, post here your files content.

A: In this code block:
 public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater) context
                .getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        View rowView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.rowlayout, parent, false);
        TextView textView = (TextView) rowView.findViewById(R.id.buttontext);
        ImageView imageView = (ImageView) rowView.findViewById(R.id.buttonimage);
        textView.setText(values[position]);
        imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.cool);
        return rowView;
}

Try the following:

*

*Make sure all the ids you reference are set in the XML that you inflate.

*Make sure that values != null is true.

*Use LayoutInflater inflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); for readability.

*Use View rowView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.rowlayout, null, false) (null parent). The list will add the view by itself.

A: Would it be anything to do with my rowlayout?
Android studio says my "Namespace is unbound"?
<?xml

 version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout
                xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                android:id="@+id/rowlayout"
                android:layout_width="fill_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:text="@+id/buttontext"
                android:drawableLeft="@+id/buttonimage"
                android:gravity="left|center_vertical">
</RelativeLayout>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


India is an amazing country with peaceful rivers, lakes, exotic wildlife, mountains, and deserts and forests which makes India a wonderful wildlife tours destination. Just like camels, elephant & horse safari's, the most favourable form to explore the beauty India is Wildlife Safari in India. If you are an adventure Junkie, like adventure travelling then Wildlife Safari in India will be a treat for you which definately give you some real fun. The natural paradise on this planet is the best place to spend exotic wildlife tours in the Sub-Himalayan belt. It gives an opportunity to explore the exhilarating terrain, dense jungle, streams, rivers and numerous varieties of wildlife kingdoms. Wildlife Safari in India is specializd in organising , India Wildlife Holidays in Jim corbett national park, Kanha national park, Pench national park, Bandhavgarh national park, Tadoba national park. Enjoy the India Wildlife Tours with wonderful sightings including bird watching, elephant safari etc. Plan an adventurous India Wildlife Tours with your friends or family in the jungle watching wild animals wandering inside their natural habitat with Wildlife Safari in India . Book our customized wildlife tour packages. Discover Exotic wildlife tours with Wildlife Safari in India. Get the best deals on every wildlife tour packages. Travel like never before, renew your travel experience with Wildlife Safari in India .


For the start of 2013, I am determined to take more action in my life. So I decided to start these Courage Challenges, so that I can overcome and face my fears!
For my first courage challenge of the year, I... well my sister.. signed me up for swim classes as a Christmas present!! I don't know how to swim, I vaguely remember learning a longgg time ago! But its been something I wanted to learn, cause ya know one day if I ever end up on a ship, and it sinks.. I can save myself?!.. haha I can remember I went on a cruise when I was 12 and they played the titanic movie on board.. um.. maybe that's what traumatized me?.. anywho whatever the reason, I've never learned how to swim.. so I am taking this class!!
I managed to survive my first class on Monday, but it was only in 3 feet of water, so I figured ya know I'm like 2 feet taller, I got this! ;) The class is actually for terrified adults. So.. thats pretty hilarious. But I really was scared to get in the water, like shaken in my boots kind of scurred. haha. But once I got in, it wasn't that bad.
So the first thing we did was practice holding our head under water for 10 sec.. That was effing terrifying... cause I felt like I was guna drown.. So I won't go through the play by play. But I know I can float.. and stuff.. which is pretty cool, because I've tried to float and would end up flailing.. And I actually really enjoyed it, cause playing in water is really fun! haha.
I have to say I've never felt more alive than I do now, I just felt invigorated after my class. And I'm really excited cause I will finally learn how to swim this year!! Making my future goals, like learning how to surf, seem more realistic, and feasible!! Maybe this courage challenge won't be so hard.. but this is only the first one.. so we shall see what other challenges I will post.
Are you doing any acts of courage lately? I would love it if you join in and create a courage challenge of your own!! It would be really fun and supportive to really help each other face our fears!!
Good for you for learning how to swim! Getting out of your comfort zone is challenging, and I applaud you for going after what you want.


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Home / Breaking News / First New Orleans home sold via community land trust model
First New Orleans home sold via community land trust model
By: Andrew Valenti, Reporter	November 8, 2019	1 Comment
The first home has been sold in a plan to make affordable housing available to more New Orleanians.
City officials and local business leaders gathered in the Lower Ninth Ward on Wednesday to commemorate the community land trust home sold at 1325 Alabo St.
Left to right: Home Bank's New Orleans Market President John Zollinger, New Orleans Redevelopment Authority Executive Director Brenda Breaux, new homeowner Ritchie Champagne, Mayor Cantrell's Chief of Staff John Pourciau, New Orleans City Councilmember Cyndi Nguyen and Crescent City Community Land Trust Executive Director Julius Kimbrough Jr.
Courtesy of Cameron Knowles
The property was developed by the nonprofit Crescent City Community Land Trust. The organization provides permanent stewardship of land and the permanent affordability of housing on that land via the community land trust model.
Community land trusts are not a new concept; the program has been around for 50 years. It's now being used in the city to help solve a lingering affordable housing problem.
The nonprofit first acquires property from the New Orleans Redevelopment Authority. The buildings on the land are owned by the individuals, and the organization negotiates a 99-year ground lease with the homeowner to ensure owner-occupancy. A re-sale formula built into the ground lease is designed to keep the homes affordable for subsequent buyers.
Calling it a "third option" for housing in New Orleans, Crescent City Community Land Trust executive director Julius Kimbrough said these homes are offered to families who earn between 50 and 80 percent of the area median income. This equates to roughly $33,700 to $53,900 per year for a family of four.
There is also a $50 per month lease payment for the land, where half goes to the organization to continue running the program and the other half is used as a maintenance reserve fund if something breaks on the property.
The homeowner is still responsible for maintaining the grounds and purchasing insurance for the house and any other structures. Monthly mortgage payments can go no higher than 25% of the homeowner's monthly income.
Kimbrough said the three-bedroom and two-bathroom property on Alabo Street sold for $65,000, and the monthly payment equates to roughly $650 after taking into account the mortgage, insurance and taxes.
The new homeowner, Ritchie Champagne, had to put down just $1,000. Typically, the standard down payment for a home is between 10% and 20%.
"The homeowner is going to have the opportunity to build wealth in this home as he pays down his mortgage and as the home rises in value," Kimbrough said. "More importantly, the home mortgage payment is fixed for the next 30 years."
Kimbrough said a typical three-bedroom and two-bathroom home with 1,320 square feet of living space would cost about $150,000 to develop. Crescent City Community Land Trust received a $1.5 million loan from the Ford Foundation, a philanthropic organization established by Edsel and Henry Ford in 1936, to help subsidize this endeavor.
Champagne, who works in the hospitality industry, said the process to qualify took a little more than a year. Champagne recommended other potential homebuyers see if they qualify for the program.
"I could have never gotten a house that's this size and this nice and this new without this program," he said.
Crescent City Community Land Trust has developed an additional nine homes in the Lower Ninth Ward and recently signed an agreement with Broadmoor Improvement Association to build houses in that neighborhood, which will include permanently affordable houses and will be priced at $120,000.
Capital One and Home Bank are project partners and financiers in this initiative. New Orleans-based Home by Hand is the selling agent for Crescent City Community Land Trust's properties.
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Andrew Valenti community land trust construction Lower Ninth Ward New Orleans real estate 3:28 pm Fri, November 8, 2019 New Orleans CityBusiness
Andrew Valenti, Reporter
Tagged with: Andrew Valenti community land trust construction Lower Ninth Ward New Orleans real estate
Maureen Clary
St Tammany Parish has had a Community Land Trust for several years under this exact model.
Check out Northshore Housing Initiative
https://www.northshorelandtrust.org/
Would make for a good story


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Early Data Shows Negative Impact of Virtual Learning on Virginia Students
Ethan Brodie, Writer|March 4, 2021
Early data from the Virginia Department of Education shows students are struggling academically as virtual learning continues across many of Virginia's school districts, including Fairfax County.
Failing students is the biggest issue with virtual learning, according to a survey of Virginia school districts conducted by the VDOE. Forty of the 132 districts ranked this as the top issue, even more than the 35 saying access to reliable internet is the biggest problem. Over 20 school districts reported that the percentage of middle and high school students failing at least two classes had increased over 30% compared to last school year. Additionally, more than 50 districts reported higher rates of absences than last year.
Currently, 15 of Virginia's 132 school districts are operating fully remotely. About 80% of Virginia school districts are not conducting full in-person learning, which is defined as all students learning at school for at least four days per week. Just 26 districts have reached this phase. Fairfax County is in hybrid learning and began bringing high school students back to school this week.
The struggles of remote learning are leading to pushes for in-person instruction. In January, Virginia Governor Ralph Northam (D) said school divisions should be making plans for how to reopen. New guidance from the administration says schools should focus more on their ability to implement mitigation strategies rather than community transmission data. The new guidance recommends that even with high community transmission of COVID-19, schools with a high ability to implement mitigation measures should bring priority learners back to school. With lower community transmission, the guidance expands to allow for more groups of students to come back to school as capacity allows.
Junior Sean Finn shared his opinion of returning to school, saying, "You should be able to go back if you need to, like if you need to get lunch, but if there's no reason you need to go back to school other than to see your friends, I don't think that's really necessary right now."
Despite the struggle that so many students face from virtual learning, some are finding positive benefits from it.
Finn explained his perspective, saying, "There's less work and more time to do it."
Finn also said he is able to get more sleep since he does not have to drive to school every day. Despite these benefits, he hopes to be able to return to school in a more normal way in the fall.
Like other Virginia students, many students at West Po are struggling with virtual learning. Specifically, students miss the ability to talk to their fellow classmates at school.
Junior Amina Iman explained, "The relationships between my classmates are really lacking. I feel like it's not there, so I think that's one thing, the interactiveness, I really do miss."
The missing socialization at school is affecting student relationships even outside of the classroom.
"This virtual environment has led to … [a] lack of relationships between students to the point where people have completely stopped talking to each other, which is really sad," Iman said.
Ethan Brodie, Co-Editor-in-Chief
Co-Editor-in-Chief Ethan Brodie is a senior at West Po in his third year of journalism. He enjoys traveling and learning about new cultures, writing, and...


The national prosecuting authority says besides prosecuting corrupt individuals it will now target assets accrued through corrupt means. Speaking to Star FM news during commemorations to mark the United Nations anti-corruption day in Harare this morning, the NPA's deputy prosecutor general Ms Florence Ziyambi said the authority is in a position to trace even properties registered in different names from a corrupt individual.
December 9th of each year is an anti-corruption day and this year the Zimbabwe anti-corruption commission brought together stakeholders in the anti-corruption drive to map the way forward.


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Q: reCAPTCHA:"ERROR for site owner: Invalid site key" I tried to set up reCAPTCHA, on my page by following the instructions here.  I signed up for an API key pair and was issued a public key and a private key.  It was not clear, to me, how the private key should be used and I could not find more information about it.  It does not appear to be used on the page where reCAPTCHA is called.
I edited my page and put

before the closing  tag on my HTML template.
I also put

where I want my reCAPTCHA widget to appear.
When I load my page, I get the message

Cannot contact reCAPTCHA. Check your connection and try again.

I also see the reCAPTCHA widget with the text

ERROR for site owner: Invalid site key

I have checked similar questions such as this, where the answer says the key is probably invalid but I have just generated it.  I also saw this but I did not disable
Verify the origin of reCAPTCHA solutions

A: It wasn't obvious to me initially but you have to supply your site key in 2 places:

*

*In the render parameter in the script source tag

*As the first parameter of the execute method

A: In my case it was using a wordpress site,
And I had chosen version 3 of captcha and it turns out the wordpress only supported version 2.

A: I also face same problem from google reCAPTCHA console your project uncheck

*

*Verify the origin of reCAPTCHA solutions

*Send alerts to owners

both,then see from your contact form, its working from me just try it
Hope this helps!

A: I'm using Entrepreneur Wordpress theme which came with Formidable. I went to the reCAPTCHA Admin Console and created the Site and Secret Keys for "V2 Checkbox."
At first it wasn't working and I was getting the "ERROR for site owner: Invalid site key" message but figured out that the reason why was because I had put the "http://" before my domain.
After trial and error, I discovered that deleting the old reCAPTCHA for that domain, then creating a new one without the "http://" worked perfectly! Not sure if having or not having the "www." would matter for any other users.
Hope this helps!

A: You need to ensure your site is added in the domains section of the google reCAPTCHA page where you generated the API key and save. Then test again. That worked for me.

A: I also had to change from the reCaptcha type: v3 to v2. It's worked in my case. I think the reCaptcha docs are underdeveloped

A: I had this problem with Wordpress Contact Form plugin. Be sure that you have put correct domain at reCAPTCHA configure page. It should be without http:// or https://. For example, google.com. Regenerate api keys and update it in Admin/Contact/Integration. Then you will see recaptcha icon in the page bottom corner

A: I had the same issue with reCAPTCHA v3 on my blog on Wordpres 4.5. When I replaced reCAPTCHA v3 with reCAPTCHA v2 the issue has gone.

A: Double check that you are using the "Site Key" and not the "Secret Key" inside the Google ReCaptcha settings. They look quite similar, so it's easy enough to make this mistake.

A: I had same issue in my React app,recaptcha v3 give me error,reCapcha v2 works fine.Just change the version from v3 to v2,copy and paste site key and works like a charm.

A: In my case, I'm using Contact Form 7 plugin inside my WordPress CMS-based website, the problem was because I'm filtering/removing the query string from the enqueueing scripts e.g. script.js?**v=1.2**:
function mb_remove_script_version($src)
{
  $parts = explode('?', $src);
  return $parts[0];
}

add_filter('script_loader_src', __NAMESPACE__ . '\\mb_remove_script_version', 15, 1);

A: Google stopped supporting TLS 1.0, make sure you making request with TLS1.1 or TLS 1.2
Use  ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Tls12; for .NET 4.5 and lower version

A: I removed  following

 from the page and V3 still sending the reply as intended and the error is gone now. Tested and it does work as needed.

A: I had simply forgotten to add the recapcha credentials to my production ENV file, thus only supplying "none" in the script tag.

A: Ensure you are using the correct recaptcha version. As of writing this post there is
Google reCAPTCHA V2
Google reCAPTCHA V3
Google reCAPTCHA Enterprise