Since September 16, 2012, 603 petitions have been identified in the PTAB's listing of proceedings for inter partes review ("IPR petitions") and 72 petitions for post grant review against certain patents directed to covered business methods ("CBM petitions"). During October, 2013, 75 petitions for IPR and 19 petitions for CBM were filed, both monthly highs, for a total of 94 petitions, also a monthly high.
Thirty seven different entities filed petitions in October. Apple, Google and Medtronic filed 11 petitions each, accounting for more than one third of the filings. In addition, there were 11 other filers who accounted for an additional 38 petitions. The remaining 23 petitioners filed one petition each.
Forty patent owners were targeted in October. B.E. Technologies was targeted 9 times (by Sony, Google, Microsoft, Samsung and Facebook), as was NuVasive (all by Medtronic); Evolutionary Intelligence was targeted 8 times (Apple, Facebook and Twitter). Thirteen other patent owners were targets of more than one petition.
Please click here for the latest spreadsheet reflecting all filings through October 31, 2013.
As of the end of October, the PTAB has instituted, and trial is ongoing in, 222 of the 677 listed proceedings; 391 petitions await decision. Twenty six proceedings have been terminated by settlement.
The PTAB has refused to institute 36 proceedings, the 7 most recent denials occurring in October.
In Apple v. Benjamin Filmalter Grobler, IPR2014-00060 and 00061, the Board made clear that a petitioner cannot rely upon the actions of other third party petitioner's with the hope that such third parties will continue to pursue the IPR (and not settle). The Board denied a series of motions filed by Apple which would have, if granted, resulted in Apple reviving a settled and dismissed IPR2013-00076 (involving Sony as petitioner) and then being joined to the IPR. On March 27, 2012, patent owner filed complaints against Apple and Sony alleging infringement of the patent in suit. Sony timely filed IPR2013-76 and a trial was instituted on July 22, 2013. Sony and patent owner thereafter reached a settlement and, on October 7, 2013, the Board granted the joint motion to terminate the IPR.
In Omron Oilfield & Marine, Inc. v. MD/Totco, IPR2013-00265, the Board declined to institute the IPR because the Petition failed to demonstrate a reasonable likelihood that it would prevail with respect to at least one claim based on evidence of secondary considerations which were presented in an earlier ex parte reexamination proceeding. The patent, which is expired, is directed to an automatic drilling system. The Board noted that its review of claims of an expired patent is similar to that of a district court's review, as opposed to the "broadest reasonable" interpretation. Based on the claim constructions, the Board determined that the petitioner did not meet the statutory standard. In so doing, the Board noted that the Patent Owner had argued that the IPR should not be instituted because an ex parte reexamination certificate had been issued over the identical prior art and substantially the same arguments. The Board disagreed with Patent Owner's argument, but agreed with the prior examiner's findings and supporting evidence, and further agreed that the patent owner's evidence of secondary considerations is persuasive. The Board noted that the petitioner did not challenge the merits of Paten Owner's secondary consideration evidence but only argued that the Patent Owner's evidence would be unable to overcome the strong showing of obviousness.
In St. Jude Medical v. Volcano Corp., IPR2013-00258, the Board denied institution on October 16, 2013, making clear that a counterclaim alleging infringement is "a complaint alleging infringement of the patent" within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. § 315(b) and, thus, the counterclaim starts the one year statute of limitations running to file the IPR. St. Jude filed the petition for IPR on April 30, 2013, which was more than one year after Volcano served St. Jude with a counterclaim alleging infringement of the patent at issue. In this case, St. Jude had sued Volcano on other patents in district court and Volcano counter-claimed against St. Jude with the patent-at issue in the IPR. The counterclaims were filed and served on September 20, 2010 and the present petition was not filed until April 30, 2013. The Board relied, in part, on the similarities between a complaint and a counterclaim as it applies to patent infringement.
On October 8, 2013, the Board declined to institute two Covered Business Method Reviews filed by Apple against Sightsound Technologies. The first, CBM2013-00019, involves USP 5,191,573 and the Board noted that review of the '573 patent is being instituted in CBM2013-00020. The second, CBM 2013-00021, involves USP 5,966,440 and the Board noted that review of the '440 patent is being instituted in CBM2013-00023.
In CBM2013-00019, the Board concluded that the petition did not meet the threshold recited in 35 U.S.C. § 324(a), that the claims were, more likely than not, unpatentable. Petitioner challenged certain claims as unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 101 and § 112. The involved patent had expired and the Board noted that it would construe the claims in a manner similar to that used in a district court and not the "broadest reasonable" interpretation. The Board adopted the Petitioner's proposed claim interpretations, after reviewing the District Court's claim interpretations to ensure consistency and noting that the patent owner did not dispute the proposed constructions. The Board determined that the involved patent is a covered business method patent because it meets the "financial product or service" component of the definition in Section 18(d)(1) of the AIA. However, the Board declined to institute the CBM because it was not persuaded that the claims are directed to patent-ineligible subject matter under 35 USC 101 and further was not persuaded that the claims laced adequate written description support under 35 USC 112.
In the second petition (CBM2013-00021), the Board again adopted the petitioner's proposed claim constructions and found the patent to be covered business method patent. However, the petitioner did not persuade the Board that the patent was directed to ineligible subject matter and the Board also concluded that obviousness type double patenting is not a permissible ground for challenging claims in a covered business method review because this is a judicially created doctrine. The fact that it was based on the language of 35 USC 101 does not suffice to include the doctrine within the statute.
In CBM2013-00020 the PTAB instituted review of an expired patent, concluding that Petitioner Apple made the threshold showing of unpatentability according to 35 U.S.C. §§ 102 and 103. As noted above, the PTAB declined to institute CBM2013-00019 of the same patent concluding that the standard had not been met.
In both decisions, the PTAB recognized that the patent at issue had expired and indicated, consistent with reexamination proceedings as articulated in MPEP §2258 I (G), that the construction of claim terms of expired patents differs from that of unexpired patents.
This issue was not explicitly addressed by the rules and so this decision, together with Omron Oilfield & Marine, Inc. v. MD/Totco, IPR2013-00265 (also discussed above) answers the question in the affirmative that the Board will continue to examine expired patents and also will continue to apply the different claim construction standards.
In Amkor Technology, Inc. v. Tesseta, Inc., IPR2013-00242, Paper No. 53, entered October 30, 2013, the panel (JJ. Turner, Arbes and DeFranco), in response to the Patent Owner's continued arguments that the petitioner is barred from seeking IPR under 35 U.S.C. § 315(b), authorized Patent Owner to file a motion to terminate the IPR in light of new evidence. The Board reasoned that "resolving the issue of the applicability or inapplicability of Section 315(b) early in this proceeding is appropriate in the interest of efficiency." Petitioner was also authorized to file an opposition. The Parties were directed to address all Section 315(b) issues, including whether the November 2, 2009 document is a "complaint" within the meaning of Section 315(b), and whether the document is a "complaint alleging infringement of the patent" at issue in this proceeding, and whether Petitioner was "served" with the document.
In Motorola Mobility LLC v. Arnouse Digital Devices Corp.,IPR2013-00010, Paper No. 43, entered October 30, 2013, APJ Tierney ordered that no oral hearing be held and that the case be decided on the briefs, following the patent owner's plea during a conference call that an oral hearing would place an undue financial burden on the patent owner, a small business, and the petitioner's subsequent agreement to drop the request. The Board noted the possibility of conducting the hearing telephonically.
Despite petitioner's assertions, petitioner has failed to provide a showing that there is good cause for the Board to recognize counsel pro hac vice in this inter partes reexamination. While the petition states that the litigation involves the issues of claim construction and invalidity (id.), there is insufficient explanation of any specific interrelatedness of this proceeding and the district court litigation, other than that they involve the same patent. Also, the standards of review of a patent before the USPTO and the district court are quite different. Although requesters may benefit from Mr. Callahan's expertise in the prosecution histories of this patent family and the associated prior art, requesters are already represented by patent counsel registered to practice before the USPTO, and inter partes reexamination proceedings are conducted based upon the rules set forth in Part 41 of Title 37 of the Code of Federal Regulations, which limits oral argument to the written record.
On October 15, 2013, Dominion Dealer Solutions, LLC filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (Norfolk Division) against the Patent Office, challenging the Office's refusal to grant a series of inter partes review petitions, namely IPR2013-00220, -00222, -00223, -00224 and -00225, filed in March 2013 and denied institution in August 2013.
Dominion argues that it presented sufficient evidence to meet the standard for instituting an inter partes review trial under 35 U.S.C. § 314(a), and that the Office failed to accept the unrebutted evidence and "improperly substituted its own assumed expertise and views for undisputed evidence." Dominion claims that the PTAB's denials are arbitrary and capricious and contrary to law under 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A).
Recently, the Virginia Court dismissed a case that challenged the Board's decision to institute review of a "covered business method" patent, stating that the Court "lacks subject matter jurisdiction" because the "AIA expressly precludes judicial review of the decision to institute post-grant review proceedings." Versata Development Corp., v. Teresa Stanek Rea and SAP America, Civil Action No. 1:13-cv-00328-GBL-IDD, August 7, 2013 Decision at page 9. While this action involved the decision to institute a CBM proceeding, the Court's reasoning is broad enough to encompass an IPR, as well as the decision not to institute a post-grant review proceeding.
Here, the examiner's reasoning in support of combining the square thread of Steinbock with the device of Cotrel was that there were a limited number of threads that could be used and that a square thread was the most efficient. While the examiner in the Examiner's Answer made a passing reference to splaying in relation to the gaps between the inner and outer threads, the examiner's rejection neither relied upon nor even noted the avoidance of splaying as a factor. The Board, on the other hand, found new facts as the basis for concluding that the combination of Cotrel and Steinbock would have been obvious: that Cotrel teaches avoiding splaying with saw-tooth threads; that saw-tooth threads are buttress threads; that Steinbock groups together the square threads and buttress threads; and that square threads avoid splaying. The principal reason the examiner combined the references was the efficiency of a square thread. The principal reason the Board affirmed the combination of the references was the avoidance of splaying by using square threads. These are different grounds and form the bases or underpinnings of different rejections.
A case which may create tension within the PTAB in the aftermath of Biedermann is the court's decision in Randall Mfg. v. Rea and FG Products, Inc., Appeal No 2012-1611, decided October 30, 2013 (Fed. Cir. 2013). There, a Board panel confined itself to evaluating the examiner's § 103 rejection in an inter partes reexamination based on the evidence relied upon by the examiner and found itself criticized by the court for not going beyond that evidence. The Court cited KSR, pointing out that the Supreme Court "criticized a rigid approach to determining obviousness" based only on the prior art disclosures "with little recourse to the knowledge, creativity, and common sense" of the skilled artisan. The court found that the Board narrowly focused on only the four prior-art references cited by the Examiner, "ignoring the additional record evidence" cited to show the knowledge and perspective of one of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the Board did not take into account information that would have shown motivation to combine or modify references to arrive at the claimed invention. In this case, the court found the Board's failure prejudicial and the Board concluded that the claimed invention would have been obvious.
Discussing the consequences of Pfizer's flawed sequence analysis that was corrected after the Sanofi priority date, the Board stated that "[f]or proteins and polynucleotide species, a sequence is the gold standard for identifying species with precision . . . . It does not, however, thereby follow that a sequence is the only way to identify the composition precisely." Bd. Op. at 15. Upon selecting, isolating and characterizing clone 11 Pfizer was "able to define [the IL-13bc] so as to distinguish it from other materials, and to define how to obtain it." . . . The Board's findings are supported by substantial evidence.
On these findings, the Board held that Pfizer had conceived and reduced to practice the isolated polynucleotide of Count 3 before the Sanofi benefit date. We conclude that the Board applied the correct law. The award of priority to Pfizer is affirmed.
Recent opinions by the PTAB have revealed additional names of judges involved in AIA proceedings. These include Judges Miriam L. Quinn, Grace Obermann, Mitchell G. Weatherley, Carl M. DeFranco and Kalyan K. Deshpande. Docket assignments continue to show a heavy load of cases assigned to several experienced inter partes APJs, as reflected in the list below drawn from the spreadsheet, but with increasing numbers being assigned to more recently appointed Board members.. These numbers do not reflect decreases as a result of terminations or assignment of proceedings to another APJ for authoring an opinion.


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Miracle Drug by Richard L. Mabry, M.D.
Miracle Drug (Abingdon, September 2015)
Overcoming these odds will take more than a miracle drug—it will take a miracle.
The infection wasn't supposed to happen, but it did. The treatment was supposed to take care of it, but it didn't. Then Dr. Josh Pearson discovers why—his patients, including the former President of the United States, have been dosed with a different strain of the original virus, one that is universally fatal. The only chance for survival is treatment with an experimental drug, but the manufacturer might already have discarded its supply.
As if treating the President of the United States isn't stressful enough, the situation goes from bad to worse when Rachel Moore, a nurse Josh is falling in love with, falls ill. With the nation's eyes on him, Josh must pull off a miracle to save a man who holds a good deal of power and the woman who holds his heart.
Learn more and purchase a copy.
Dr. Richard Mabry is a retired physician who writes "medical suspense with heart." His novels have won multiple awards: a semifinalist for International Thriller Writers' debut novel; finalists for the Carol Award, Inspirational Reader's Choice Award, and Romantic Times' Reader's Choice Award; and both finalist and winner of the Selah Award. Miracle Drug is his ninth published novel. He and his wife live in Frisco, Texas.
Margie's Comments: I love medical mysteries and thrillers, and Doc Richard Mabry tops the list of authors I enjoy reading in this genre. His newest release, Miracle Drug, doesn't disappoint my expectations when reading a medical thriller.
The plot is well paced and starts off with a bang . . . and ends with a bang, as well. J The characters are "real" and well written. From the untimely death of the former President's chief medical physician to the explosive ending, the characters grow, change, and in many cases end up much stronger spiritually, emotionally, and physically, knowing that in the end God is always in control.
The only thing I don't like about reading medical thrillers is the symptoms my mind tries to imitate. I have come to the conclusion that I have an overactive imagination! If you or someone you know loves the complexities of the medical profession and pharmacology, I highly recommend Miracle Drug by Richard Mabry.
Posted by Marjorie Vawter at 10/23/2015 03:48:00 PM No comments:
Labels: Abingdon Press, Christian fiction, LitFuse Publicity Group, Richard Mabry
Lightning by Bonnie S. Calhoun
Revell (October 6, 2015)
Bonnie S. Calhoun
Bonnie S. Calhoun is Owner/Director of Christian Fiction Blog Alliance, owner/publisher of Christian Fiction Online Magazine, Northeast Zone Director for American Christian Fiction Writers (ACFW), and the ACFW '2011 Mentor of the Year."
She loves to write with body count, blood, or blowing things up. She also has mad skills at coding HTML, and website design. And she lives in a log cabin in the woods with fifteen acres and a pond full of bass, though she'd rather buy fish at the grocery store. Bonnie shares her domain with a husband and two cats, all of whom think she's waitstaff!
Her latest series is a YA dystopian with Revell titled Stone Braide Chronicles. The first book Thunder published in 2014. The second book Lightning published Oct 2015. There are also two FREE e-book short stories. Tremors is the prequel to Thunder, and Aftershock (short story) comes before Lightning.
After she found her real father, life for Selah should have felt settled. But the horrors have just begun. In her broken world of toxic earth and tribal clashes, Selah must battle the forces of nature alongside those in the Mountain who are calling for her blood. Haunted by the pain of mounting losses, she forges on, seeking her lost family and uncovering new mysteries. But the ultimate betrayal of her own body may soon make her quest impossible as it becomes apparent that what has made her new could also drive her to a life of madness.
If you would like to read the first chapter of Lightning, go HERE.
Review to come later.
Labels: Bonnie Calhoun, CFBA, Christian fiction, Revell
The Methuselah Project by Rick Barry
The Methuselah Project (Kregel, September 2015)
Nazi scientists started many experiments. One never ended.
Roger Greene is a war hero. Raised in an orphanage, the only birthright he knows is the feeling that he was born to fly. Flying against the Axis Powers in World War II is everything he always dreamed—until the day he's shot down and lands in the hands of the enemy.
When Allied bombs destroy both his prison and the mad genius experimenting on POWs, Roger survives. Within hours, his wounds miraculously heal, thanks to those experiments. The Methuselah Project is a success—but this ace is still not free. Seventy years later, Roger hasn't aged a day, but he has nearly gone insane. This isn't Captain America—just a lousy existence only made passable by a newfound faith. The Bible provides the only reliable anchor for Roger's sanity and his soul. When he finally escapes, there's no angelic promise or personal prophecy of deliverance, just confusion. It's 2015—and the world has become an unrecognizable place.
Katherine Mueller—crack shot, genius, and real Southern Belle—offers to help him find his way home. Can he convince her of the truth of his crazy story? Can he continue to trust her when he finds out she works for the very organization he's trying to flee?
Thrown right into pulse-pounding action from the first page, readers will find themselves transported back in time to a believable, full-colored past, and then catapulted into the present once more. The historical back-and-forth adds a constantly moving element of suspense to keep readers on the edge of their seats.
Rick Barry is the author of "Gunner's Run," another World War II novel, "Kiriath's Quest," and more than 200 articles and fiction stories. In addition to being a World War II buff, he is the director of church planting ministries at BIEM, a Christian ministry operating in Eastern Europe. He holds a degree in foreign languages, speaks Russian, and has visited Europe more than fifty times. Rick lives in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Margie's Comments: Several years ago, I discovered I like books with a blending of a historical story with the contemporary, a kind of truth and consequences type of story. When I first considered Rick Barry's The Methuselah Project for review, I was intrigued, not sure where a story with the hero who never ages could go when he was introduced to the twenty-first century. The changes in society, technology, and every other area of life, especially in the US are so completely alien to the world Roger Greene grew up in. Yet, as he and Katherine meet, learn each other's stories, and work together to seek the truth in their mixed-up world, I was pleased to see how believable and real the premise is.
The author has created characters I like and desire to cheer on through the end of the book. In fact, they are still with me even after I finished reading the book. Because of the demands of my life outside of reading, I had to set aside the book occasionally, but the story drew me back more frequently than usual and it kept me reading long after I should have put it down. While I don't want to give any spoilers here, I will only say that I'm wishing the story could have gone on. Of necessity, not all the threads were neatly tied up and concluded. So this story will continue on in my own imagination, as will Roger and Katherine continue to live.
So if you'd like a fresh perspective on World War II, The Methuselah Project delivers that. The author has definitely done his homework in research and storytelling. I will be looking for more books by Rick Barry in the future.
Labels: Christian fiction, Kregel Publications, LitFuse Publicity Group, Rick Barry
Firefly Summer by Kathleen Y'Barbo
Firefly Summer
Redbud Press (June 23, 2015)
Kathleen Y'Barbo
RITA and Carol award nominee Kathleen Y'Barbo is the best-selling, award-winning author of more than forty novels, novellas, and young adult books. In all, more than one million copies of her books are currently in print in the US and abroad, and her books have been translated into Dutch, German, and Spanish, to name a few.
Kathleen is a member of American Christian Fiction Writers and Romance Writers of America. She holds a BBA from Texas A&M University's Mays Business School and a certification in Paralegal Studies, and is a former member of the Texas Bar Association's Paralegal Division.
A tenth-generation Texan, Kathleen Y'Barbo has four children of her own as well as seven bonus kids she gladly inherited when she married her own hero in combat boots (read about their real-life romance here!). Kathleen is proud to be a military wife, even if it did mean giving up her Texas drivers license.
A new cowboy romance from award-winning author Kathleen Y'Barbo.
Trey's biggest challenge isn't performing surgery … it's restoring Sessa's heart!
Artist Sessa Chambers may never recover from losing her prodigal son. Even as she grieves the tragic decisions that led to his death, and left her with a toddler to raise, she's asked to work on her dream project—restoring carousel horses for the Smithsonian. But she can't do it on her own …
Dr. Trey Brown can't pick up a scalpel again. Yes, he acted in self-defense, but the events of that awful night haunt him. He was trained to save lives, not take them. When he goes to the young man's widowed mother to apologize, she's not at all what he expected. For one thing, she's not as alone as he thought—not with the fearsome ladies of the Pies, Books, and Jesus Book Club in her corner. For another, she's beautiful, and being in her presence is more jolting than any eight-second bronco ride from his former rodeo days. Before he knows it, she's captured his heart as easily as they capture the fireflies gracing Sessa's Texas ranch.
How can they overcome their past to embrace a future together?
If you would like to read the first chapter of Firefly Summer, go HERE.
Margie's Comments: Oh my! Kathleen Y'Barbo has done it again! I could hardly put the book down once I started reading. Not only is Firefly Summer a romance, it's also a story about the importance of community in our lives, especially women. But men—as depicted in Trey—also need a network of other men who stand beside them, no matter what, who encourage and pray with and for them. Life isn't easy, and it's worse when we try to go it alone! God didn't make us loners, but so many times we ignore His plan. Firefly Summer kept me laughing, crying, cheering, and identifying the women in my life who are the real counterparts to the ones Kathleen writes about. And who doesn't love a cowboy? Sigh. (Wink!!) For a heartwarming yet challenging read, I highly recommend Firefly Summer.
Labels: CFBA, Christian fiction, Hometown Romance, Kathleen Y'Barbo, Redbud Press

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Neymar pleased Brazil will not face Messi in Argentina clash
Lionel Messi has not featured for Argentina since the World Cup and Neymar is pleased Brazil will not have to deal with him on Tuesday.
Tom Webber
16 October, 2018 02:06 IST
Brazil superstar Neymar - Getty Images
Neymar is pleased Brazil will not have to go up against Lionel Messi when they take on Argentina in Saudi Arabia on Tuesday.
Messi was not included in Lionel Scaloni's squad for the second successive set of internationals as speculation over his Argentina future in the wake of a disappointing World Cup campaign rumbles on.
Neymar acknowledged the absence of his former Barcelona team-mate is a blow for the spectators watching the game, but he feels it gives Brazil a greater chance of overcoming their rivals.
However, the Paris Saint-Germain star was keen to emphasise that Argentina still possess great quality, singling out Paulo Dybala as an example of the talent in their ranks.
Read: 'Surprised' Deschamps accepts he could've made more effort with Koscielny
"For those who love football, having Messi out of a game like this is bad. But for us it's good," Neymar told a pre-match news conference. "We never underestimate Argentina's quality, the players they have in their squad.
"Argentina have Dybala, who is a player that I really like, so we have to be switched on.
"It's a very difficult game. We will have to do our job and it's always good to play them. There are no favourites."
After operating from the left wing for much of his career, Neymar has on occasion been used in the number 10 position by Thomas Tuchel at PSG this season.
The 26-year-old, who assisted Gabriel Jesus and Alex Sandro in Friday's 2-0 win over Saudi Arabia, enjoys the playmaking aspect of the role and is open to any demands placed upon him.
"I think, depending on the match, it might be necessary to change the position a little, but that's the decision of the coach, not me," said Neymar.
"In Paris, I've been playing centrally and here, Tite gives me more freedom, not only to stay in the centre but also up front.
"Over the years a player will look for their best position … it is part of football, but I think I still have a lot to give.
"The more you play, the more experience you have and will know the time to decide a match or go forward. I know how to do this on the pitch and I know my role.
"I am an attacker on my team, a playmaker. Not just me, but also [Philippe] Coutinho, [Roberto] Firmino, Lucas [Moura], [Gabriel] Jesus – we are there to create chances, to set up our team-mates.
"I'm happy, I do not run away from any responsibility on the pitch. I look to dribble, create opportunities."
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Even though Americans can expect to retain their teeth longer, there are approximately 8 million people who are missing all of their teeth in the upper or lower jaw. Conventional partial dentures and dentures can be difficult to wear, making chewing a challenge. The discovery of implant technology and the birth of implant dentistry changed the way lost teeth were treated. Dental implants improve quality of life by improving the way we chew and smile. Patients who wear dentures can now get their teeth back with dental implants.
A Swedish research team lead by Dr. P.I. Branemark discovered that bone can bond with titanium. He called this bone-implant-interface 'osseointegration.' This was the beginning of implant dentistry. The success of dental implants is related to this discovery. In 1982, the team reported a 91 percent success rate in the lower jaw over 15 years. The success rates have improved to 96 percent. Most implants are titanium screws.
There are important factors in achieving success including atraumatic surgery with low-speed drills and the experience of the surgeon—doctors that place fewer than 50 implants per year have more complications. The patient has to have the right bone quality and content to initially stabilize the implant. Minimally, the patient needs to have at least 8mm of vertical height of bone and 6mm of width. If there is a lack of bone, there are many bone-grafting procedures that can be performed. We can use bone harvested from the patients' lower jaw or bone harvested from cadavers or bovine bone.
It is important for the doctor to perform a thorough medical history and clinical exam with the patient. There are some medical problems that make implants contraindicated, if the patient has brittle diabetes, liver disease, or a severe bleeding disorder, then they are not a candidate for implants.
The oral exam includes bone quantity and quality, the type of opposing dentition, and the type of tissue. Then a radiographic exam is performed, taking a panoramic film and 3D cone beam to plan the exact position the implants need to be placed.
After the proper examination, a surgical guide is made to be used during surgery to guide the placement of the implant. Usually antibiotics are given an hour prior to surgery. The surgery can be performed under local anesthesia or IV sedation.
An incision is made in the area of the missing teeth and a flap is opened up. Then, a preparation in the bone is made using various size drill bits in a low-speed handpiece. The preparation is made as long and as wide as the bone in the area. The implant placed is made of titanium with a roughened surface. The implant is screwed into the preparation. If part of the surface of the implant is not covered with bone, a bone graft must be placed. Then, the tissue flap is replaced and sutured in place. The implant must stay in place undisturbed for 4 to 6 months so osseointegration can take place. During the healing phase, the patient can still wear their partial or full denture. After the implant has integrated, the teeth can be placed.
Maintaining your implants is very important for success. Implants can develop gingivitis and bone loss just like natural teeth, so they need to be flossed and brushed like natural teeth.
There are many offices advertising "teeth in a day" or "immediate load implants." This is not possible for all patients. The patient must have an abundance of very dense bone for this to be possible. The success of this procedure is less reliable since osseointegration has not taken place prior to placing teeth. It is important to see your dentist twice yearly so your implants can be checked and cleaned.
Dental implants are usually placed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons or periodontists, although some general dentists may take additional training to learn to place implants. The cost of dental implants ranges from $1,800 to $2,200. This does not include the cost of the crown or any additional bone grafting. Beware of implant clones—ask your doctor which implant you are receiving. You want an implant manufactured by a reputable company.
Implant dentistry improves the quality of life for anyone who is missing teeth and wearing dentures, allowing them to smile and chew with ease.
Most of my implant patients feel that implants have changed their life. They can now go to dinner with friends and order any food they want and chew it without worrying about their dentures shifting. One patient told me that every time she eats a steak since her implant, she asks God to bless me. This technology has changed peoples lives and changed the face of dentistry.


text:
Imielno (niem. Gamel See) – jezioro  na Pojezierzu Lubuskim, w gminie Górzyca.

Jezioro otoczone sosnowymi lasami leży, około 2 km na zachód wschód od wsi Gronow. Misa jeziora ma kształt bardzo wydłużony, charakterystyczny dla jezior rynnowych. Jest to jeden z największych zbiorników Zespołu Przyrodniczo-Krajobrazowego "Uroczysko Ośniańskich Jezior".

Przypisy

Jeziora na Pojezierzu Lubuskim
Jeziora w powiecie słubickim
Górzyca (gmina)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Are you or have you been on the receiving end of constant cruel put downs and belittlement?
Have you been made to feel that you are always in the wrong, so that you begin to really doubt your own judgment?
This is emotional abuse. And it's wrong. Very wrong.
If you've been subjected to such treatment, whether from one person or a group, you will have experienced some serious psychological damage. Your self-confidence may have gone through the floor. You may even have begun to wonder if the awful things being said about you, and to you, are true. You may have become too frightened and full of doubt to do anything. And you may feel deeply, painfully, indescribably wounded.
Your reading this page now indicates two things. One - that you have already realized that your experiences are abusive and wrong. Two - that you are looking for the way out and/or the way to recover.
It might be that the abuse is still ongoing and you still have to find a way to deal with the person or people responsible. It might be that it happened in the past, and you have already managed to leave the situation in which it occurred and are trying to deal with personal fallout. There may be many difficult practical steps you need to take, and you may need to seek help from friends, family, or professional counselors and advisers.
But to address those issues effectively, or make the most of changes you've already made, you need more than anything to free yourself from the emotional grip of the abusive relationship. This means building up your core identity and gathering the inner resources to either cut free or change the ground rules, and beginning the work of healing the wounds so that the rest of your life will not be forever blighted by what happened.
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text:
ABCs of a Concrete Restoration Project
FLCAJ Magazine
Read Current FLCAJ Articles
by Mariann Gerwig / Published Aug 2015
Editor's Note: This article was previously published in the July 2012 issue of FLCAJ and is being republished as a valuable resource.
I have been asked, "now that we realize the building needs concrete restoration, where do we start?" This prompted me to come up with a road map to follow in order to accomplish putting together your team and getting the project off the ground.
Steps to Ensure a Successful Restoration Project:
Have a basic understanding of what concrete restoration is and what causes the need for the work.
Understand basic restoration terminology and repair methods.
Have regular building inspections every two to four years.
Make sure that the key people involved understand the importance of having the work done.
Determine how the project will be funded.
Have an estimated timetable for the entire project.
Put together your restora- tion team—association representative, qualified structural engineer, and a licensed certified general contractor that specializes in concrete restoration.
Understand the contract documents, billing format, and warranties.
What is Structural Concrete Restoration
Structural concrete restoration consists of repairing deteriorated concrete and rusted reinforcing steel to bring the structure back to its original specifications and condition. Structural damage is often found on elevated slabs and catwalks, decks, and parking areas. In Florida, most structural concrete damage is caused by moisture intrusion resulting in the rebar rusting.
When moisture penetrates the concrete, it causes the rebar to rust. As rebar rusts, it expands up to seven times its original thickness exerting a force of more than 10,000 psi that causes large cracks and spalling concrete. Seemingly insignificant problems on a building's surface may be outward indications of much more serious problems beneath that can only be determined by a qualified, experienced structural engineer.
Basic Repair Methods:
Removal of existing concrete
Coating the steel rebar
Replacing the concrete
Removal and replacement of expansion joints
Application of waterproofing membrane
Mechanically cleaning the steel rebar
Post-tension cable repair
Application of corrosion inhibitors
Routing and sealing of concrete cracks
Application of decorative coatings
Words and Abbreviations to Know
AIA — American Institute of Architects
AutoCAD — Program used to create the drawings of the balcony and show the repaired areas.
Bond — Payment and Performance Bond is acquired by the contractor, at the associations expense, to ensure that the contract is completed and all sub- contractors and suppliers are paid.
CF — Cubic Foot
CGC — Certified General Contractor
CO — Change Order
Design Mix — Special mix of concrete and corrosion inhibitors
Engineer/Threshold Inspector — Structural engineer must also be qualified as a Threshold Inspector. This allows them to submit a Special Inspectors letter with the Permit Application. This means that the engineer will act as the inspector and send inspection reports to the building department as the job progresses.
ICRI — International Concrete Repair Institute
LF — Linear Foot
MCI — Migrating Corrosion Inhibitor
MH — Man Hour
Overhead Spall — Spall located on the ceiling of a deck, patio, balcony, or catwalk.
PSI — Per Square Inch
Rebar — Reinforcing steel located in a slab
SF — Square Foot
Slab spall — Surface spall located on a deck, patio, balcony, or catwalk.
Spall — Deteriorated concrete
Through Spall — Spall that goes completely through the deck, patio, balcony, or catwalk.
Regular Building Inspections
It is recommended that the association hire a structural engineer to perform an inspection of the building every few years. However, there are some signs of concrete deterioration that can be found by a simple visual inspection performed by maintenance personnel and managers. With the awareness and assistance of the manager, boards of directors may be alerted in the early stages that risk may be at hand. Some common risks are:
Concrete spalling—the deterioration of concrete
Lifting tile—tile that is raised due to deteriorated concrete
Rust spots
If a restoration project is necessary, it would also be the time for the association to consider doing other related work, such as upgrading sliding glass doors and/or shutters, railing replacement, and repainting of the entire building.
Understanding the Importance of the Work
A restoration project is a straightforward process. Difficulties can arise when there is a lack of a knowledgeable team, inadequate planning, incomplete information, poor communication, and poor worksite preparation. There are procedures that will help ensure proper repairs while minimizing unexpected problems.
The first step to a successful restoration project is communication, ensuring the board of directors, manager, and owners understand the importance of the repairs. When there is doubt by the owners that the work is necessary to protect the integrity and safety of the building, the project will most likely experience interference by owners. This will result in increased cost and cause delays to the completion of the work.
Plan for the Funding of the Project
The directors must consider their options for funding a concrete restoration project. Does the association have sufficient reserve funds for the project? Will the board need to special assess the owners? Will the board choose to borrow funds from a lending institution? These decisions take time and consideration. If special assessments are needed or if the association will be asking owners to move reserve funds from one account to another, the time needed to call such meetings and obtain the necessary votes should be taken into consideration. If a loan is deemed the best source of funding, the loan process can be long and not result in a loan for the full amounts needed.
Timetable for selection of the engineer, two to three weeks
Timetable for selection of the contractor, six to eight weeks
Timetable for contract negotiations, two weeks
Timetable for acquiring permit, two weeks
Timetable for work to begin, five days after permit is issued
Timetable for completion of work—to be submitted with bid based on estimated quantities. As the project proceeds, the timetable should be revised monthly.
Selecting Your Restoration Team
Once it is agreed the concrete repairs are necessary, it is important to select the proper team for a successful concrete restoration project. Association representation—the team begins with at least one member of the board of directors, the manager, or other interested persons who will be responsible for administration, adequate funding, and the day-to-day management for the project.
The next team member to select is a competent and experienced structural engineer that is also a threshold inspector. Selecting a structural engineer begins by interviewing several engineers in the area with a record of accomplishment for successful concrete restoration projects.
Since the building departments are not equipped or willing to perform the inspections required on a restoration project because of the use of swing stages and mast climbers going very high—some buildings are 30 stories/300 feet—the structural engineer must also be qualified as a threshold inspector. This allows him to submit a special inspector's letter with the permit application. This allows the engineer to act as the inspector and send inspection reports to the building department as the job progresses. However, the building department still needs to be notified about the inspections, and a copy of the inspection letter goes in the permit package posted at the job site so that a building department inspector can come by and check it. This is all handled by the engineer and the contractor.
Important Interview Questions and Information:
Who are the owners of the company?
How many inspectors versus projects?
What is the company's concrete repair project history?
It is important that the engineer recognizes his/her responsibility to the association but also has a track record of dealing fairly and honestly with restoration contractors and has a staff adequate to provide timely inspections and meetings as required without causing delays. The engineers will also present a list of their fees before a contract is signed with them.
The engineer chosen will survey the building and provide an estimated budget for the work based on estimated quantities of repairs; this will enable the board of directors to determine what funds are available or need to be raised by assessments or a loan program. Then the engineer will prepare and administer a bid package to solicit bids for the estimated scope of work to qualified contractors and assist the association in reviewing the bids. The engineer also provides signed and sealed specifications required for the permit, directs the contractor where to make the repairs and marks those areas, inspects the repairs as it is being done and after the repair is completed. The engineer also issues inspection letters and issues a final inspection letter to the building department stating that all work was completed as specified. The engineer reviews the contractor's bills and approves them based on authorized repair quantities.
There is no known method of inspection that can "see" the full extent of the deterioration until the concrete is actually chipped open to expose the amount of deterioration of the reinforcing steel inside the concrete. Because the full extent and scope of the work cannot be known beforehand, yet must be completed to these rigid standards, the actual quantity of repairs often exceeds the estimates. This explains why concrete repair projects are bid on a fixed unit price with estimated quantities. Many engineers recommend that associations budget a contingency of about 25 percent. This ensures funds are available to complete repairs properly without having to go back to the owners or the bank for additional funds. In addition, since the contractor will bill only for actual quantities of repairs completed, if work turns out to be less than estimated, the excess funds can be returned to owners or saved for future repairs. For this reason, hire an independent engineer rather than one who works for the contractor. Most engineers approve payments only for work they expressly required and approved. Change orders if any must be submitted by the contractor to the engineer for approval prior to performing any additional repairs. Most engineers notify the contractor that they will not approve payment of repairs not expressly approved in writing.
The engineer's specifications as well as International Concrete Repair Institute specifications and procedures provide specific criterions for proper concrete repairs. The most important is the requirement to excavate all concrete from around the reinforcing steel bars and two inches beyond the rusted metal, into "clean steel."
After work begins, it is important to hold weekly progress meetings with the board representative, the engineer, the contractor, and his supervisor to discuss the progress, any problems, and suggested improvements to make the project run more smoothly. Minutes of the meetings, usually taken by the engineer, should be sent via e-mail or fax in order to keep all parties up to date.
The next selection is a contractor with a minimum of five years experience in repairing similar buildings. The engineer is a good source for recommendations. So are board members or managers of nearby communities, as well as comments on contractors' reputations by the local building department personnel.
While the engineer's opinions are important, it is ultimately the board of directors who hire and must get along with the contractor. The board of directors should review each of the contractor's complete and detailed bids. Analysis of the bids should be predicated not only on price but also on the reputation, financial strength, and a successful history of each bidder. At that time, usually three contractors are selected for in-depth interviews with the board of directors and the engineer. This gives the board an opportunity to discuss the bid, the project schedule, and the manpower and equipment that will be used on the project. It is also very important to find out more about the contractor's experience and the management team that will be involved with the project onsite or offsite, as well as any other concerns the board may have. The key to a successful project is communication between all parties, and the interview will give the board members a sense of how comfortable they feel communicating with the contractor and his/her project team. Most boards of directors rely a great deal on their community manager, or hire a project manager, during the project. It is recommended that the manager and/or project manager be involved from the very beginning to gain a complete understanding of the project. This ensures that the board will be able to keep the unit owners informed of any changes to the schedule of the project.
Important Questions and Information:
History of the company.
Who holds the State of Florida Certified General Contractor's license?
The size of the work force.
What equipment will be used?
Proper insurance coverage (general liability and workers' compensation insurance).
The ability to secure payment and performance bonds (even if the association does not wish to have payment and performance bonds, the ability of the contractor to ascertain them is a good indication of their financial stability).
The warranty.
After the selection of the team, the next step is negotiation of the contract. Some associations request that the attorneys handle this from the beginning; others request the contractor send a contract directly to the board to be reviewed. However, if the association's attorney will be ultimately reviewing the contract, it actually saves time to have them involved from the beginning. Otherwise the contract is negotiated between the association and contractor and then the attorneys do it all over again.
A standard stipulated sum contract simply does not work for concrete restoration projects. While the scope of work is known, the actual quantity of the concrete requiring repair is just an estimate based on the engineer's inspection. The actual extent of the damage cannot be determined with any accuracy until the damaged concrete is chipped away. Because of this uncertainty, a "unit cost" contract has become the standard contract-billing format for concrete restoration work.
Under this type of contract, the owner pays only for repairs actually completed based on square footage, linear footage, or, in some repairs, cubic footage of concrete. The contract language will normally be negotiated between the association's attorney and the contractor's attorney and then approved by the board of directors and the contractor. This ensures that the best interests of both parties are protected.
The Main Contract — Addresses the parties to the contract, the estimated contract sum, retainage, estimated time to complete the project, how to address change orders in the scope of work, insurance requirements, billing procedure, payment terms, and warranty. There may be other items that are unique to a specific project. The contractor must get any change orders with all relative information to the engineer and the owner in a timely manner, so that it can be reviewed and approved quickly for the least amount of negative impact to the project schedule.
General Conditions — Addresses standards of work, licenses, property damage and personal liability, insurance requirements, workforce standards, provisions of facilities and services, safety, work hours, and indemnification. There may be other items that are unique to a specific project.
Unit Price List — Contains a list of repair items, unit measurement (SF, LF, CF, etc.) unit price, estimated quantities, and costs of mobilization and other items, such as permits and bonding. This is usually a direct copy of the contractor's unit price proposal in response to the bid solicitation.
Engineer's Project Manual — A project manual is written by the association's engineer, usually a duplicate of the instructions to bidders and specifications that the contractors received prior to bidding the project.
An efficient contractor will prepare an additional packet of documents to be executed with the contract, including:
A Certificate of Insurance naming the association as additional insured.
A Notice of Commencement Form—Must be signed by the "owner" and recorded at the courthouse.
Permit Application prepared by contractor—Each building department in every munici- pality has completely different forms; there is no generic form.
A letter to the building department on the associa- tion's letterhead stating that it has hired the contractor to perform concrete repairs.
A letter to the building department on the associ- tion's letterhead stating that it has hired the engineer. With these documents, the contractor can apply for the permit immediately.
The local building department issues permits, but, as previously mentioned, most building departments are not equipped to perform inspections for concrete repair projects; therefore, the association's engineer will act as a "special inspector" to perform inspections and submit weekly inspection reports to the building department.
After the contractor is selected and the contract is executed, a pre-construction meeting is scheduled. The purpose of this meeting is to designate areas that will be available for the contractor's trailer (field office) and other equipment, contractor employee parking, discuss a future meeting schedule, and address any other issues or concerns. A pre-construction meeting includes the board representative, the engineer and the contractor, as well as the supervisors that will be permanently assigned to the project. Seemingly minor details like where to place dumpsters and port-o-lets or store job equipment and materials can become a source of annoyance to owners if not adequately addressed beforehand.
While the permit is being processed, the parties may choose to have the contractor mobilize the project—meaning bring in scaffolding, equipment, dumpsters, and port-o-lets so work can begin as soon as the permit is issued.
Mariann Gerwig, GC, HI, CAM, CAM Continued Education Instructor
Carousel Development & Restoration
Mariann Gerwig has been the Director of Finance and Operations at Carousel Development & Restoration, Inc. since 1988. For more information, contact her at (561) 272-3700, e-mail mgerwig@cdri.net, or visit www.cdri.net. Gerwig has also been the Chief Financial Officer for Aluminum Design Products, Inc. since 2011; you can contact her there at mgerwig@apdinc.biz. Gerwig was part of the Ad Hoc committee 2000 and continued on as a director for nine years at her own association.
Survey of the Building
Before beginning work on the building, the contractor should perform an existing condition survey of the building—usually done in video and written form. This documents the condition of the building and surrounding areas, such as landscaping, and eliminates any question as to the existing condition of areas later claimed to have been damaged during the progress of the work. This protects the association as well as the contractor.
The association's engineer will mark where the contractor is to make repairs. Each engineer may be a little different, but the markings are done with a pencil or felt tip type marker that shows where and the size of the excavation required. For the repairs to be covered by the contractor's warranty, the repairs must be made in accordance with the International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI) standards, which specifies how and to what extent concrete repairs are made. The engineer performs additional inspections as the repaired areas are being prepped and new concrete is poured and cured.
Testing of repaired concrete is also performed by an outside, independent testing firm to ensure that the concrete has reached its required strength before additional work can be performed on those areas. There are times unit owners may wonder why it appears that work has stopped on a balcony and the contractor has started working on another area. This question usually occurs during the curing/testing period.
During the curing/testing period, the engineer will specify the strength of the concrete to be used per square inch (psi); usually 5,000 psi. The concrete testing company will be on site when the concrete pour is being done and will take several cone-shaped samples back to their lab. There the samples will be tested to see how strong they are at 7, 14, and 21 day intervals and send reports on each test. The forms for the concrete cannot be removed until the specified strength has been reached.
Because the contract sum is not based on a stipulated sum, billing on a percentage of completion is not applicable to concrete restoration projects. Lump sum items such as mobilization, general conditions, and permit can be billed on a percentage, but are often billed in full, particularly mobilization and permit fees. For billing of completed concrete repairs, a detailed schedule of values will show the quantity of specific unit priced items completed during the billing period and to date.
The first page is a summary with the first part reflecting the original contract amount, any increases or decreases to the contract amount by change orders, increase/decrease of quantities, and adjusted contract amount.
The next section of the summary page shows the total amount of work completed to date, the amount of retainer being held, the total value of work performed less retainer, total of previous payments made to the contractor, and the amount of the payment due for the current payment requisition (draw).
There should be several pages included with each payment requisition that gives detail of where the work was done, including a drawing of the area. With new construction, everything is covered by the contractor's warranty; however, in restoration projects only the repaired areas are covered under warranty. Many times, an association will complain several years after completion of work that additional concrete is damaged. Unless that specific area was repaired in the previous project, the new damage will not be covered by warranty.
The best way to ensure the association's warranty applies to the exact area repaired is to require the contractor to include with each payment application the summary page, the detail page, and spreadsheet for each unit showing measurements of each repair and a balcony drawing showing the location and nature of each repair made. This would be the equivalent of an "as built" drawing on new construction. This drawing also protects the contractor against unwarranted claims of defective work.
Protecting the investment in the repairs is very important. Therefore, the concrete should be waterproofed and painted as soon as possible with materials and specifications designed for maximum protection. Many restoration contractors have the ability to provide waterproofing and painting as part of their bid.
The warranty on concrete restoration projects is normally five years on the concrete repairs and waterproofing. Alteration of the repairs, however, may void a warranty. If a unit owner installs tile or carpeting or penetrates the surface of the concrete to install items on a balcony, the warranty will likely be voided. Associations should provide copies of the warranty to all unit owners requiring them to sign as having received it. If the unit owner does anything to void the warranty without prior approval from the association, the unit owner will be responsible for damage not covered by warranty exclusions.
The concrete repairs performed in accordance with specified materials and procedures provide a very durable repair. Most warranties specify that if any problem is found in the area of the repair, the association's representative must notify the engineer of record and the contractor in writing. Together they should examine the areas in question and refer to the "as built" drawings submitted by the contractor with each invoice. The engineer is the final judge as to whether the problem is covered under the warranty or if it is a new repair in an adjacent area.
The warranty issue is another important reason to hire a contractor with substantial resources and a history of honoring the warranties. If other types of work are done in conjunction with concrete repairs, the warranties for that work can vary, depending on the type of work done and the products that are used. In addition, if the restoration project includes sliding glass doors, railings, and exterior painting, the association should also receive warranties directly from the manufacturer, which are provided by the contractor with its final payment application.


JustRead Publicity Tours is owned and operated by Annie of Just Commonly blog and Carrie of Reading is My SuperPower blog, hence the name, "JustRead." Both of us joined the book blogging community in 2015, and have since found "our people." We love Jesus a whole lot and we love books. We believe books in the Christian genre exemplify what stories can be – wholesome and inspirational.
Together with Bonnie Roof, fellow Christian Fiction lover, we are also the founders of the Christian Fiction Readers' Retreat (CFRR). CFRR is a one day event that brings together authors and readers of the Christian Fiction genre. Want to learn more about us? Head onto our personal blogs.
Our purpose to start JustRead Publicity Tours is to be an advocate to spreading the word about books that inspire and are written from a Christian perspective.
It all started when we were asked to help create graphics or put together blog hops or tours for authors, individually. When we realized we can pool together our ideas and build something out of it, we gladly followed God's lead in this. Plus, we love working together! Granted, it took about a year in the making, with "life" that kept getting in the way, but we're happy to officially open the virtual doors to JustRead Publicity Tours. Let's get your words read!


The Mosin Nagant is truly a manly piece of hardware. Let's discuss why.
1: First, the Poison Maggot is a time proven design. Dating from 1891, all the bugs have been worked out. This assumes there were any bugs in the first place, which there were not. No one would dare to be less than optimal for the Tsars and Commissars.
3: Versatility. One can argue the benefits of the spear versus the club. Guess what? The Russian Gun-Club is both! And it shoots bullets! Why compromise when you can have all three?
4: Physical fitness. The Rosined Nag is heavy. No real man would complain about this. In fact, he boasts of it. One has to be fit to carry it, and fit to aim it without shaking like a coward. Not to worry. The recoil will reseat that loose shoulder and save you the medical bills.
5: Economical. The Soviet Man Cannon is dirt cheap–$100-$200 in 2009 prices. You can typically buy 10 to 20 of them for the price of a modern rifle, and the ammo is about half the price, and has been in production for more than a century. One sacrifices rate of fire and accuracy, but that's offset by the fact that an entire platoon of your friends now have guns. Besides, your friends are men, so every shot counts, right? Who needs rate of fire. And any real man can hit through force of testosterone, without bothering with sights. Just imagine your enemy is a toilet, unzip and pull the trigger… so to speak. Flush him straight into a grave or outhouse. Or both.
6: General manliness. The Tula Jackhammer has no prissy "Ergonomics" or "delicate triggers" or other crap. It is a brutally simple tool. If you can't pull the trigger, then do some more grip exercises, you pansy. Don't like the recoil? Get a recoil pad, chew a handful of Vicodin, and see your doctor for some testosterone shots. The length of pull is too short? Wear a stout Russian overcoat and stop whining. And some earplugs, since you probably don't want to hear the rest of the "Commie Chiropractor" community laughing at you.
7: History. You may wind up with a Russian or a Finn rifle built on a Russian or French receiver, a Czech, Chinese, Polish, Hungarian or even one of the rare American made models, from the Russo Japanese War, WWI, the Russian Civil War, the Spanish Civil War, WWII, the Winter War, the Continuation War, Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan… the "Baltic Flamethrower" has traveled the world. Be sure to check the date on the tang under the stock—it may be an antique made before 1899, which means it's a rifle, but not legally a firearm in most English speaking nations. This just makes politicians go into a tizzy.
You may hear complaints that as a non-American weapon, or worse, the weapon of our former enemies, no American should own one. But that's just a misunderstanding of the situation. The fact is, Ronald Reagan, one of our manliest presidents (after such other greats as Teddy Roosevelt), stomped the Soviet Empire into the dust with the tool of capitalism, and we are now selling that empire off on the internet for ten cents on the dollar. A Musty Nugget is not only a manly weapon, it's a political statement.
If you can only afford one rifle, this is the one to have. If you can afford several, this should be one of them.
Men, raise a glass of vodka to Sergei Mosin and Leon Nagant, men for their time, and ours!
It pleases me to see you've included a Ryazan Wristbreaker (Obrez). A good choice for singeing eyebrows and perforating eardrums. If you don't kill your enemy you will certainly incinerate them…please wear your shades!
Despite having fired a variety of M/Ns, I can't imagine what it would be like to fire one of those things!
Those guns look so badass. I would love the opportunity to try several of those out and really get a feel for them.
Mosin/Nagants are still probably one of the cheapest high-power rifles you can get. Usually between $100-150 in most sporting goods stores that carry vintage rifles. I don't know where you are located, but a good place to check out various time periods in living history is Military Through the Ages in Jamestown Va in a couple of weeks. Check out the Jamestown Plantation site. If you want to reenact, whatever the impression, do extensive research before you buy anything. If you are considering joining a particular group, talk to them first about authenticity requirements. Hope that helps!


Initially, I expected to be blown away by this product, as I had heard numerous rave reviews from friends and enthusiastic fellow mommies. And after poring over every detail surrounding safety and use, I'm thrilled to say that I'm not at all disappointed.
The L'occitane Body Oil was fabulous, leaving my skin supple and smooth where winter usually has me breaking out with itchy, dry rashes. I have no idea how I ever survived a chilly morning or frosty night without this! It's like a spritz of moisturizing heaven in a convenient bottle. I'm literally toting euphoria in my purse!
I only have a single regret, and that is not finding this yummy spray sooner. When I was pregnant, stretch marks were horrendous, and I couldn't stand all of those mothers-to-be that raved about their fantastic pregnancies.
After thorough researching, I discovered the ingredients of Almond Tree Oil and Camelina were perfectly safe for use during pregnancy, after pregnancy, and basically everywhere in between. The stretch marks from my beautiful bundle of baby have all but disappeared after regular use, and the scent is light, misty, and pleasant. Plus, my tummy and thighs are toned, firm, and silky with no jiggle or wiggle.
• The oil is soothing and non-greasy with a sleek, lightweight feel that evokes feelings of pure beauty and self-confidence.
• I prefer the spritzes, but there are rich creams, serums, and facial cleansers in the same refreshing scents and awesome formulas. They all are mixed from natural ingredients and have a lasting, positive effect on your skin.
With a completely biased review, I would rate the Almond Supple Skin Oil a solid 4.5 out of 5. A half has been taken off simply because nothing is perfect, and I'm sure there's room for improvement somewhere (even if I can't see it). I'm addicted!
From one mommy to another, you positively will not find anything quite like this product. Say goodbye to stretch marks, adios to cellulite, and ciao to saggy skin! This oil is the real deal – no gimmicks or harmful ingredients – only rejuvenating results to accompany regular use and a scent that you will fall in love with.
Posted by Brittany on January 17, 2014 at 6:35 am No comments yet.


text:
Q: Reactjs, Apollo Client issue with storage I am working on a reactjs site which uses graphql and sailsjs on the server,
My issue is that the current structure of the frontend react uses a lot of queries and mutations to run a wizard like process where a user fills out a survey. On the client side apollo client uses the localstorage or the sessionstorage, (both are limited to 5M) on chrome, hence we get a lot of issues with apollo unable to setItem in the storage as it will exceed the quota of the browser
I cannot use 'no-cache' fetch policy as the app depends a lot on the values it stores in the cache
What should i do?
- Restructure the client side, would take a lot time, which is not possible.
- remove unnecessary data.. but i have to make sure it works everywhere, including in app browsers of insta and fb, which would have very limited space.
- redux works with apollo client, would it help if i store data in redux and not in browser storage?
Any other ideas?
UPDATED
Here is the code which i feel creates the issue
const cache = new InMemoryCache({
    fragmentMatcher
  })

const persistor = new CachePersistor({
    key: `local-key`,
    cache,
    storage: usePersistentStorage ? window.localStorage : window.sessionStorage,
    debug: isInDev
  })

I need to change the storage part here

A: I think instead of redux, React's context API would be helpful.  You can store whatever you want in there and it is accessible site wide, without the overhead that redux creates.

A: You may use the apollo-link-state provided by apollo. It has a steep learning curve but its very useful

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
const lifxLanClient = require('lifx-lan-client')
const { catchEpicError } = require('@redux-observable-backend/redux-utils')
const { map, mapTo } = require('rxjs/operators')
const { ofTaskName, tasks } = require('@redux-observable-backend/node')
const { ofType } = require('redux-observable')

const { addLifxNetworkClient } = require('./actions')

const addLifxNetworkClientEpic = (
	action$,
) => (
	action$
	.pipe(
		ofType(
			tasks
			.actions
			.START_TASK
		),
		ofTaskName(
			'serve',
			'undefined',
		),
		mapTo(
			lifxLanClient
			.Client
		),
		map(LifxClient => (
			new LifxClient()
		)),
		map(addLifxNetworkClient),
		catchEpicError(),
	)
)

module.exports = addLifxNetworkClientEpic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A website is an essential tool for any photographer to have, especially with the proliferation of people using the internet. There is no better way to reach a wide audience and display your work than with a stylish and well designed website. Without a website you are missing your money earning potential as a photographer, as well as missing out on a great source of exposure. Websites for Photographers provides a simple and cost effective solution for photographers to develop a professional website.
One of the main reasons why photographers need a website is to promote themselves and their work. Making a name for yourself as a talented and skilled photographer among the right people will go a long way to benefiting your career. With a website you have a platform to draw people's attention which is easily accessible to them. Before photographers make any money at all they need to show their talent and gain the interest of their target audience. Putting the effort into leading people to the website where their work is displayed is the first step to this.
Another important thing about photography websites is that they are where you will be able to sell your images. There are many websites on the internet where photographers can sell their work, however having your own website dedicated to your work will give you the chance to sell without competing with other portfolios. Furthermore, a website provides the photographer with a sense of professionalism, as it displays your work in a high end manner. You can refer to your website when being interviewed for a job, and it could be the deciding factor in whether or not you are hired.
Also on a website you can create a blog, which is a means through which photographers can gain a following. Writing a blog on topics you are well versed in and can offer a unique perspective on can often work well in gaining the attention of internet users.
Wedding photographers in particular can benefit from a website as they can display past weddings they have photographed in order to gain new clients. As a photographer you might not only take shots to sell online, but also hire yourself out to take pictures of weddings and other events. On a website you can advertise this service and potential clients can make direct contact with you by email, by phone or directly on the website.
In terms of copyright, it is also good to have all of your shots on your own website as well as on other larger sites that you sell through, as sometimes a photographer's work can be subject to copyright infringement and used in unauthorised places. Ensuring that your work can be traced back to your site is a good idea, and you can perhaps place a watermark on each picture to further prevent it being stolen.
Overall, a website allows you to sell and promote yourself as a photographer and helps to build up a trusted reputation.
Websites for Photographers provides a free, unlimited trial of the system so you can be confident it offers what you require before making any financial investment. It also allows you to develop your website at your own pace without being under time pressure. Take the trial by registering here now.


I was super excited to design another birdhouse for Wemake's Put A Bird In It event for Design Week Portland. The auction is on Friday October 10th the details are here. But they it is up for presale here. Once again there was an amazing amount talent on display from the participants, I was blown away! You can see the rest of the awesome birdhouses for yourself here!
The inspiration is from pre-Columbian and devotional art and reflects European colonialism and the appropriation of indigenous culture through religious iconography.


text:
Fish cookbook fundraising effort going swimmingly
A FISHY cookbook has proved a bestseller and a massive fundraiser.
Just Fish by Sandi Braithwaite, of Rossett, has sold out in Chester's Hope House shop, Frodsham Street, as it continues to rake money in for the children's hospice.
Extra runs were printed to keep up with demand and to date sales have made more than £630 and counting.
Sandi Braithwaite said: "I am thrilled my book is doing so well.
"I would like to thank Trevalyn Estates who very kindly sponsored the second run, which has sold really well. I am also very grateful to Norman Pursglove of Pursglove & Brown Accountants in Chester, who are sponsoring the third run of the book!"
Hope House currently cares for more than 250 terminally ill children and their families and supports more than 130 bereaved families from across Cheshire, North and Mid Wales and Shropshire.
They rely almost entirely on voluntary funding in order to keep the doors to their two respite hospices – in Oswestry and Ty Gobaith, Conwy – open.
This year alone they need to raise a staggering £4m in order to continue their vital work.
Rachel Pike, community fundraiser for Hope House, said: "The book has been fantastic. We never expected it could do so well and we are so very grateful to Sandi for all her help and support.
"The success of the book is all down to the hard work that Sandi has put not only into making such a great recipe book but also into how hard she has worked to sell it."
The book is £4.95 and includes recipes by Gordon Ramsay, Anthony Worrall-Thompson and Rick Stein, all of whom were very keen to support Sandi.
Sandi is currently working on another recipe book this time focusing on salads.
She said: "The success of the first book has encouraged me to start another and being a vegetarian I love fish and salads! I am very excited about sharing my passion of cooking and some of my favourite recipes."


Congratulations to Dimas Cabre for becoming the Spanish Champion 2008!
Finally we have the last geame relayed on KGS from the Spanish Campionship FInals.
The players are Juan Alemany, 1d playing White vs. Dimas Cabré, 3d playing Black.


text:
Europeans push IAEA Iran resolution despite warnings by Russia, Tehran
March 2, 2021 March 2, 2021 Millichronicle
Vienna (Reuters) – Britain, France and Germany are pressing ahead with a U.S.-backed plan for a resolution by the U.N. nuclear watchdog's board criticising Iran for curbing cooperation with the agency, despite Russian and Iranian warnings of serious consequences.
The International Atomic Energy Agency's 35-nation Board of Governors is holding a quarterly meeting this week against the backdrop of faltering efforts to revive Iran's nuclear deal with major powers now that U.S. President Joe Biden is in office.
Iran has recently accelerated its violations of the 2015 deal in an apparent bid to raise pressure on Biden, as each side insists the other must move first.
Tehran's breaches are a response to the U.S. withdrawal from the deal in 2018 and the reimposition of U.S. sanctions that had been lifted under it.
The latest breach was to scale back cooperation with the IAEA last week, ending extra inspection and monitoring measures introduced by the deal, including the power given to the IAEA to carry out snap inspections at facilities not declared by Iran.
The three European powers, all parties to the 2015 deal, circulated a draft resolution for the Vienna meeting voicing "serious concern" at Iran's reduced cooperation and urging Iran to reverse its steps.
The draft, sent to IAEA board members and obtained by Reuters, also expresses "deep concern" at Iran's failure to explain uranium particles found at three old sites, including two that the IAEA first reported on last week.
Iran has bristled at the prospect of such criticism, threatening to cancel a deal struck a week ago with the IAEA to temporarily continue many of the monitoring measures it had decided to end – a black-box-type arrangement valid for up to three months and aimed at creating a window for diplomacy.
Diplomacy, however, is making limited progress. Iran said on Sunday it would not take up a European Union proposal to hold a meeting with other parties to the deal and the United States.
It is unclear how many countries would support a resolution. In a position paper obtained by Reuters before Iran's announcement, Russia warned that a resolution could hurt efforts to revive the deal, formally known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), and that it would oppose it.
"Adoption of the resolution will not help the political process of returning to the normal comprehensive implementation of the JCPOA," Russia's note to member states said.
"On the contrary it will hugely complicate those efforts undermining the prospects for the restoration of the JCPOA and for normal cooperation between Iran and the Agency."
Asked about the tussle, IAEA Director-General Rafael Grossi said he did not want anything to jeopardise his inspectors' work in the Islamic Republic.
"What I hope is that the work of the agency will be preserved. This is essential," he told a news conference, before taking an apparent swipe at Iran over its threat.
"The inspection work of the IAEA should not be put in the middle of a negotiating table as a bargaining chip."
← Trump indicates to run for 2024; says we've gone from 'America first to America last' in 1 month
Kuwait reappoints oil, finance ministers in new Cabinet →
Syrian air defense intercepts missiles from Israel, claims State Media
International Criminal Court rules it has jurisdiction over Palestinian Territories
Brazil's Bolsonaro questions coronavirus deaths, says 'sorry, some will die'


I am passionate about supporting people with disabilities. I have volunteered/worked regularly in that field for at least 5 years. Besides that, I enjoy cycling and running. I have completed 3 marathons and cycled across the country. I'm an Eagle Scout, so I enjoy the outdoors.
Moving I have satisfactorily completed multiple moving jobs for Sweeps before.
Cleaning I lead a therapeutic cleaning group as my main job (at Residential Services, Inc).
Events I have assisted with a couple event jobs for Sweeps before.
Yard I have satisfactorily completed multiple yard work jobs for Sweeps before.
Organizing I am a very organized person. I especially enjoy sorting books and working to improve the efficiently of files.
Tutoring I am proficient in math and history/government. I don't know if there are any subjects I would feel comfortable tutoring.
Painting I have not performed any painting jobs for Sweeps, but I do have a background in woodworking (my father has a small carpentry business). I enjoy small wood working projects (usually refinishing/staining something).
Tech I have experience with social media/marketing from my time with a couple small businesses.
Hand Truck Hand truck for moving heavy items.
Moving Pack I have a hand truck, blankets/quilts and ratcheting straps/rope.
Brushes I have painting supplies.
Power Drill I have a couple cordless power drills.
Tool Kit I have a a toolbag of handtools and a couple cordless power drills.
Snow Shovel I have a standard snow shovel.
Rake I have a standard yard rake.
Camille G. Austin was great and on top of things. He arrived on time and got to work right away. I liked that he listened to my instructions and took charge from there. He even took my bed frame apart and put it together. The whole process was fast and flawless . I will be requesting him again for sure. Overall a great Sweeper.
Joshua D. Austin did an excellent job. We put him to hard work, carrying heavy things down a lot of stairs. He performed quickly, efficiently, and packed the moving truck very tightly. Highly recommended.
Betsy M. Wonderful young man. Austin was on time, personable, and hard working. I would recommend him highly.
Kelly S. Very helpful. Wouldn't have been able to do the move without all his help. Thank you!
Steve M. Hard working and great attitude.
Christene T. I just posted it on the invoice page, sorry. Austin B. was a hard worker, conscientious, pleasant. Will definitely consider asking for him for future yard jobs. GENERAL COMMENT to Sweeps Management: please consider telling all Sweepers to confirm client address/directions with client in advance of appointment; don't rely on GPS to always be right -- it can cause you to be late to appointment (not a good first impression). Thanks.
Dac C. Arrived on time, worked hard and took initiative to keep himself busy when I was occupied supervising the other Sweepers. Great work, I would hire him again!
Nathan L. Austin did a great job! Thanks!
Gina B. Extremely handy and knowledgeable. Would definitely request Austin again.
Mary beth G. Austin was a great help in a real pinch!
Judith B. Austin did an outstanding job. He weeded a lot of weeds that were very close to the ground. I'll bet his hand/knuckles are sore today!
Alan W. Austin was responsive, prompt and got the job done.
Robin G. Polite, intelligent, great work ethic. Would request Austin again.
Julie J. Austin was everything I've come to expect from Sweepers: friendly, courteous, and very hard-working. He asked questions to clarify the job, made a couple of suggestions about details I hadn't thought through, then finished the job in almost exactly the time I'd budgeted. Thanks, Austin!
Maurine M. Austin was great. Worked swiftly and smartly. Very personable. He offered to come back to finish but I was able to complete the job.
Linda Y. Courteous and efficient; excellent help - we would hire Austin again any time!
Christina K. Did a great job with a hard move!
Erinn E. Did a great job!
Barbara P. Austin did a great job! I really appreciate all of his help!!
Ingrid C. Austin works hard - wants to make sure everything that needs to be done gets done!
Deirdre T. Thank you, great job, appreciate it!!
Charles M. Austin was great with the move! Showed up on time, had a game plan built out for loading the truck and easy to talk to. Can leave a true review as I drove to DC with the way they packed it , nothing broken or shifted at all! We feel we made the right decision with sweeps and with having Austin help us.
Adriane K. You guys did an awesome job. Our families raved about how nice you all were! I couldn't have asked for a better group to help with our move at Stanhope!!!
William D. Hard working, fantastic attitude. Thanks for all your help!
Linda E. Very efficient and careful. Worked quickly. Thanks!
Lindsey D. Austin was polite, professional and ready to work. We look forward to working with him again on our next event-he did a great job and was friendly to our guests and we immediately felt like he was one of our team members.
Anna T. Austin was a HUGE help before the storm. They went above and beyond and even helped me clean out some potted plants. Thank you!
Kathryn H. Couldn't have been nicer or more helpful.


text:
Laboratory Director
As Director, Mason leads the Laboratory's mission to solve important challenges in energy and national security.
Thom Mason
Thomas (Thom) Mason is the President and CEO of Triad National Security, LLC (Triad) and serves as the Director of Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Most recently he was the Senior Vice President for Global Laboratory Operations at Battelle where he had responsibility for governance and strategy across the six National Laboratories that Battelle manages or co-manages.
Prior to joining Battelle, Thom worked at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for 19 years, including 10 years as the Laboratory Director. Under his leadership, ORNL saw significant growth in programs, new facilities, and hiring while achieving record low safety incident rates.
Before becoming Laboratory Director, he was Associate Laboratory Director (ALD) for Neutron Sciences, ALD for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), and Director of the Experimental Facilities Division.
During his time in Oak Ridge, Thom was active in the community serving as Chair of the Oak Ridge Public Schools Education Foundation as well as Innovation Valley, the Knoxville-Oak Ridge area regional economic development organization.
He moved to ORNL from the University of Toronto where he was a faculty member in the Department of Physics and previously worked as a Senior Scientist at Risø National Laboratory and a Postdoc at AT&T Bell Laboratories.
For the past 30 years, he has been involved in the design and construction of scientific instrumentation and facilities and the application of nuclear, computing, and materials sciences to solve important challenges in energy and national security.
Thom has a Ph.D. in Experimental Condensed Matter Physics from McMaster University and a BSc in Physics from Dalhousie University.
Leadership, Governance
Ethics, Accountability
LOS ALAMOS TEAM
Deputy Director, ST&E
John Sarrao
Deputy Director, Weapons
Robert Webster
Deputy Director Operations
Kelly Beierschmitt
Frances Chadwick
Associate Laboratory Directorates
Nancy Jo Nicholas
Antoinette Taylor
Chemical, Earth & Life Sciences
J. Patrick Fitch
Simulation & Computation
Weapons Physics
Charlie Nakhleh
Weapons Engineering
James Owen
Weapons Production
Dave Eyler
Actinide Operations
Frank Gibbs
ESHQSS
Michael Hazen
Kathye Segala
LeAnne Stribley
Bret Simpkins


a Twisted service on Windows.
is standalone, and no python install is required for installation.
you added during the fixup step.
rem     application that you wish to create a servcie.
rem  9) copy this zip to the win32com directory of your "master"


Here is some of the praise we have received from past wedding groups.
"We had an amazing, amazing experience having our wedding at Tyler Hill Camp! Our wedding was 125 guests. The camp is beautiful. There are many choices as to the ceremony/reception locations. We had a baseball theme wedding and got married on one of the ball fields (yankee-red sox themed). Our cocktail hour was by the lake & reception in the main dining room.
It's a perfect location to have a "destination wedding" and spend the weekend in camp! I can't say enough about how accommodating the entire Tyler Hill staff is. Everything was top notch. I couldn't have asked for a better group of people to make it all happen! The bunks were available as well as private rooms in the main building. About half of our guests stayed overnight. some came for two nights. We had bonfires each night (I came in my wedding dress & red sox sweatshirt!) Brunch was served the morning after the wedding. All great!
Andy and his staff were exceptional. They took all my ideas and helped me make it my dream wedding. I did the wedding myself (I do not recommend that!) and had the assistance of Diana to help with the menu, set up, and to calm nerves! She was just the best! I contacted locals for a florist, beautician, makeup artist, linens, photographer, photobooth. I brought my band from New York (they even stayed over!).
Our wedding is still the talk of the town! . It is not conventional, but we wanted something different. The location is just ideal – the lake, golf course, tennis, basketball and it's all available for guests. We had our wedding on October 8 and it was a little chilly in the bunks, but nothing that a warm pair of pajamas couldn't cure!


Should preschool be taught outdoors?
My own preschool years were spent outside (unless it was absolutely pouring rain.) We didn't have school before kindergarten as a matter of fact. Of course, most moms stayed home—at least they did in Snohomish, my hometown. We played in a sandbox, rode bikes and trikes in the streets, picked dandelions in our backyard and stared at clouds.
As we got older, we moved out of town to the countryside. We built forts in the woods, picked bleeding heart flowers and fiddleheads and rode bikes to pick wild blackberries for our mom to bake us pies.
I'm glad someone has the concept that being outside is good for you.
My own kids had lots of time outdoors in the summer months we spent at the beach. Besides playing in the waves, they spent hours building drip castles, digging holes and fighting over sand. As they got older, they boogie boarded, tried surfing, swam and collected sea glass. I can't begin to say how wonderful those years spent outdoors were for my kids. They had to use their imaginations and were away from computers and the TV for most of the daytime.
As for preschool, they both went to one but only in the mornings. They spent a lot of time in the afternoons at the park (with me hovering closely) or at the city pool.
What do you think about preschools and learning being out of the classroom in nature?
This entry was posted in Childhood, children, helicopter mom, Parenting, Stay at Home Moms, swim and tagged catching salamanders, Conor Williams, nature preschool, Nature Preschool at Irvine Nature Center, outdoor preschool, play in the mud, The Atlantic by bleuwater. Bookmark the permalink.
I think its an excellent idea. I recall reading an article in the last few months about a school somewhere in Scandinavia, I believe, where the kids were outside all the time as well. Bundled up, and outside. i think everyone should be outside more, connecting with nature and with each other, directly rather than technologically (as I write on your blog, I know) But you and I only can connect this way, and I'm hoping that we both got outside and were active today as well.
Yes. I went for a walk this morning and enjoyed the sound of birds and sites. I always have a better day when some of it is outside.
I was out for a while, too. Enjoying the spring. Swam inside, as that's the only option around here this time of year.
Wonderful entry! Thank you for sharing your thoughts. I do also hold the strong conviction that children learn the most valuable lessons when they face the wonders of nature.
Thank you for your kind words and for reading my blog.
I love the idea of having preschool and learning taking place outside in nature. Recently I read a post about Forest Schools (I believe in the Netherlands, not 100% sure on that so don't quote me). I think our society has become so rigid in the curriculum and so focused on technology that we have forgotten how much nature and our environment can offer our children.
I'm a teacher and if I could get away with teaching outside all the time, I WOULD! There's just so many things to see and experience outside of the four corners of a classroom. But since I can't conduct all my classes outside, I just keep a balance by doing regular nature trips and bringing things from nature inside the classroom.
I so appreciate your opinion as a teacher!


Yeah, the thing I was getting at was how Paper Mario could still have been held to high prestige to this day and there would be legions of fans that trust in the franchise to the point were they would buy a future installment not knowing anything more than 'it's Paper Mario'.
Unfortunately, its reputation has dipped and fans are more wary of the franchise going forward. The film industry does this a lot actually, putting out barely passable or god awful works knowing full well that it could kill the momentum an IP has. I feel this is largely due to how films have decreased in value over the years, (not production-wise but to how the viewers consume them), video games have the advantage to live much longer than a film franchise without needing to reboot so there is a greater incentive from publishers to keep the quality up. It will take a lot of effort to regain the trust from fans for them to just buy a Paper Mario game outright again.


To qualify as an expert trader, we run our trade account as we would a business. Any founder of a new company will need sufficient capital to get started, they will take as little as possible from the industry and will put all their energy into growing the capital of that business. We do the same with our trading account.
A consistently profitable trader can utilise the massive advantage of compound interest.
Consider that we are a consistently profitable trader that does not calculate the compounded amount per pip on a regular basis. We start with equity of £15,000 and have a consistent daily profit of £75. After 232 days our capital will be £32,400.
If we consider that we are the same consistently profitable trader but this time we adjust our amount per pip regularly by the 'risk level of each market' calculation then after the same period of 232 days our equity will be £75,443.
A somewhat simplified proposition, but the principle is clear: we must apply a regularly adjusted calculated and, therefore, compounded amount per pip.