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List of Christian denominations
A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity, identified by traits such as a name, organization, and doctrine. Individual bodies, however, may use alternative terms to describe themselves, such as church, convention, assembly, house, union, or sometimes fellowship. Divisions between one denomination and another are defined by authority and doctrine; issues including the nature of Jesus, Trinitarianism, Nontrinitarianism, the authority of apostolic succession, eschatology, conciliarity, and papal primacy among others may separate one denomination from another. Groups of denominations—often sharing broadly similar beliefs, practices, and historical ties—are sometimes known as "branches of Christianity" or "denominational families" (e.g. Eastern or Western Christianity and their sub-branches).
This is not a complete list, but aims to provide a comprehensible overview of the diversity among denominations of Christianity, and ecumenical organizations. Only those Christian denominations and organizations with Wikipedia articles will be listed in order to ensure that all entries on this list are notable and verifiable. The denominations and organizations listed are ordered from ancient to contemporary Christianity.
Terminology and qualificationEdit
Some groups included on this list do not consider themselves denominations. For example, the Catholic Church considers itself the one true church and the Holy See as pre-denominational.[1] The Eastern Orthodox Church also considers itself the original Church and pre-denominational.[2] To express further the complexity involved, the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches were historically one and the same, as evidenced by the fact that they are the only two modern churches in existence to accept all of the first seven ecumenical councils, until differences arose, such as papal authority and dominance, the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the continuance of emperors in the Eastern Roman Empire, and the final and permanent split that occurred during the Crusades with the siege of Constantinople.[3] This also illustrates that denominations can arise not only from religious or theological issues, but political and generational divisions as well.
Other groups that are viewed by non-adherents as denominational are highly decentralized and do not have any formal denominational structure, authority, or record-keeping beyond the local congregation; several groups within the Restoration Movement fall into this category.
Some groups are large (e.g. Catholics, Orthodox, Lutherans, Anglicans or Baptists), while others are just a few small churches, and in most cases the relative size is not evident in this list except for the denominational group or movement as a whole (e.g. Church of the East, Oriental Orthodoxy, Lutheranism or the Latter Day Saints). The largest group is the Catholic Church with more than 1.29 billion members.[4] The smallest of these groups may have only a few dozen adherents or an unspecified number of participants in independent churches as described below. As such, specific numbers and a certain size may not define a group as a denomination. However, as a general rule, the larger a group becomes, the more acceptance and legitimacy it gains.
Modern movements such as Christian fundamentalism, Pietism, Evangelicalism, the Holiness movement and Pentecostalism sometimes cross denominational lines, or in some cases create new denominations out of two or more continuing groups (as is the case for many United and uniting churches, for example). Such subtleties and complexities are not clearly depicted here.
Between denominations, theologians, and comparative religionists there are considerable disagreements about which groups can be properly called Christian or a Christian denomination as disagreements arise primarily from doctrinal differences between groups. As an example, this list contains groups also known as "rites" which many, such as the Catholic Church, would say are not denominations as they are in full papal communion, and thus part of the Catholic Church.[5] For the purpose of simplicity, this list is intended to reflect the self-understanding of each denomination. Explanations of different opinions concerning their status as Christian denominations can be found at their respective articles.
There is no official recognition in most parts of the world for religious bodies, and there is no official clearinghouse which could determine the status or respectability of religious bodies. Often there is considerable disagreement between various churches about whether other churches should be labeled with pejorative terms such as "cult", or about whether this or that group enjoys some measure of respectability. Such considerations often vary from place to place, or culture to culture, where one religious group may enjoy majority status in one region, but be widely regarded as a "dangerous cult" in another part of the world. Inclusion on this list does not indicate any judgment about the size, importance, or character of a group or its members.
Christian denominational familiesEdit
Major denominational families in Christianity:
Western Christianity
Eastern Christianity
Anabaptist
(Latin Church)
(Eastern Catholic)
Oriental Orthodox
Church of the East
Schism (1552)
Assyrian Church of the East
Ancient Church of the East
Protestant Reformation
Great Schism
Council of Ephesus (431)
Council of Chalcedon (451)
Early Christianity
"Great Church"
(Full communion)
Historical groupsEdit
Early ChristianEdit
Main articles: Early Christianity, Christianity in the 1st century, History of early Christianity, and List of Gnostic sects
Early Christianity is often divided into three different branches that differ in theology and traditions, which all appeared in the 1st century AD. They include Jewish Christianity, Pauline Christianity and Gnostic Christianity.[6] All modern Christian denominations are said to have descended from the Jewish and Pauline Christianities, with Gnostic Christianity dying, or being hunted, out of existence after the early Christian era and being largely forgotten until discoveries made in the late 19th and early twentieth centuries. There are also other theories on the origin of Christianity.[7]
The following Christian groups appeared between the beginning of the Christian religion and the First Council of Nicaea in 325.
Adamites
Ebionites
Elcesaites
Marcionism
Nazarenes
Unlike the previously mentioned groups, the following are all considered to be related to Christian Gnosticism.
Bardaisanites
Basilideans
Carpocratianism
Nicolaitans
Sethianism
Simonians (sometimes considered proto-Gnostic)
Valentinianism
Late ancient and Medieval ChristianEdit
Main articles: History of late ancient Christianity and History of Christianity during the Middle Ages
The following are groups of Christians appearing between the First Council of Nicaea, the Great Schism and Proto-Protestantism.
Agonoclita
Apostolic Brethren
Arnoldists
Beguines and Beghards
Bogomilism
Bosnian Church
Patarines
Brethren of the Free Spirit
Catharism
Donatism
Dulcinians
Friends of God
Henricans
Hussites
Taborites
Utraquists
Lollardy
Neo-Adamites
Paulicianism
Petrobrusians
Skhariya the Jew's sect
Strigolniki
Tondrakians
Church of the EastEdit
Further information: Church of the East, Nestorianism, and Schism of 1552
The Church of the East split from the Parthian Church during the Sassanid Period. It is also called the Nestorian Church or the Church of Persia.[8] Declaring itself separate from the State church of the Roman Empire in 424–427, liturgically, it adhered to the East Syriac Rite.[9] Theologically, it adopted the dyophysite doctrine of Nestorianism, which emphasizes the separateness of the divine and human natures of Jesus.[10] The Church of the East by the 15th century was largely confined to the Eastern Aramaic-speaking Assyrian communities of northern Mesopotamia, in and around the rough triangle formed by Mosul and Lakes Van and Urmia—the same general region where the Church of the East had first emerged between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD.[11]
Its patriarchal lines divided in a tumultuous period from the 16th-19th century, finally consolidated into the Eastern Catholic Chaldean Church (in full communion with the Pope of Rome), and the Assyrian Church of the East.[12][13] Other minor, modern related splinter groups include the Ancient Church of the East (split 1968 due of rejecting some changes made by Patriarch Shimun XXI Eshai) and the Chaldean Syrian Church. Together, the Assyrian, Ancient, Chaldean Syrian and Chaldean Catholic Church comprise over 1.6 million.[14][15][16][17][18]
Assyrian ChristianityEdit
Assyrian Christianity comprises churches who keep the traditional Nestorian Christology and ecclesiology of the historical Church of the East after the original church reunited with the Catholic Church, forming the Chaldean Catholic Church in 1552. The Assyrian Church of the East and the Ancient Church of the East together have over 0.6 million members as of 2018.
Chaldean Syrian Church
Oriental OrthodoxyEdit
Further information: Oriental Orthodoxy
Oriental Orthodoxy is the fourth largest communion of Christian churches, with over 76 million members. The Oriental Orthodox communion rejects the Council of Chalcedon in 451 and those after it.[19] Other denominations such as the Orthodox Church, often erroneously[citation needed] label the communion as "Monophysite"; however, as the Oriental Orthodox do not adhere to the teachings of Eutyches, they themselves reject this label, preferring the term Miaphysite. Some of the Oriental Orthodox churches, especially the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, claim origination by Saint Mark and his 1st-century missionary journeys.[20]
Historically, many of the Oriental Orthodox churches consider themselves collectively to be the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church that Jesus founded. Some have considered the Oriental Orthodox communion to be a part of the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church, a view which is gaining increasing acceptance in the wake of ecumenical dialogues between churches such as the Orthodox and Catholic churches.
Armenian Apostolic Church
Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin
Holy See of Cilicia
Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople
Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem
Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
French Coptic Orthodox Church
Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
Indian (Malankara) Orthodox Church
Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church
Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch
Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
Honavar Mission Church
Knanaya Jacobites
Main articles: Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Church organization, Eastern Orthodox theology, and Western Rite Orthodoxy
The Eastern Orthodox Church consists of jurisdictions in communion with each other. The church has over 250 million members, making it the second largest church.[21] Some of them have a disputed administrative status (i.e. their autonomy or autocephaly is only partially recognized), but all remain in communion with each other as one church. The Orthodox claim continuity (based upon apostolic succession) with the early Church, and consider themselves pre-denominational, being the original Church of Christ before 1054.[22][2]
Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy and Malta
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America
Albanian Orthodox Diocese of America
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Great Britain
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia
Vicariate for Palestine and Jordan in the USA
Finnish Orthodox Church
Church of Crete
Monastic Community of Mount Athos
Korean Orthodox Church
Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church
Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA
Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada
Metropolitanate of Hong Kong
Exarchate of the Philippines
American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese
Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria
Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch
Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America
Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia
Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of Mexico
Antiochian Orthodox Christian Mission in the Philippines
Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem
Church of Sinai
Russian Orthodox Church
Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
Japanese Orthodox Church
Chinese Orthodox Church
Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate
Latvian Orthodox Church
Moldovan Orthodox Church
Belarusian Orthodox Church
Philippine Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
Russian Orthodox Patriarchal Parishes in the USA
Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church
Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric
Serbian Orthodox Church in North and South America
Romanian Orthodox Church
Metropolis of Bessarabia
Romanian Orthodox Metropolia of the Americas
Bulgarian Orthodox Church
Bulgarian Diocese of the USA, Canada and Australia
Cypriot Orthodox Church
Church of Greece
Albanian Orthodox Church
Polish Orthodox Church
Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church
Orthodox Church in America
Archdiocese of Canada
Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America
Albanian Orthodox Archdiocese in America
Exarchate of Mexico
Orthodox Church of Ukraine
Main articles: Catholic Church and Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is composed of 24 autonomous sui iuris particular churches: the Latin Church and the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches. The Catholic Church considers itself the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church that Christ founded,[23] and which Saint Peter initiated along with the missionary work of Saint Paul and others. As such, the Catholic Church does not consider itself a denomination, but rather considers itself pre-denominational, the original Church of Christ. Continuity is claimed based upon apostolic succession with the early Church.[24] The Catholic population exceeds 1.29 billion as of 2016.[4]
Latin (Western) ChurchEdit
Further information: Latin Church
The Latin, or Western Catholic Church, is the largest and most widely known of the 24 sui iuris churches that together make up the Catholic Church (not to be confused with the Roman Rite, which is one of the Latin liturgical rites, not a particular church).[5] It is headed by the Bishop of Rome—the Pope, traditionally called the Patriarch of the West—with headquarters in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, Italy. In 2015, the Latin Church composed 1.255 billion members.[25]
Eastern Catholic ChurchesEdit
Further information: Eastern Catholic Churches
All of the following are particular churches of the Catholic Church. They are all in communion with the Pope as Bishop of Rome and acknowledge his claim of universal jurisdiction and authority. They have some minor distinct theological emphases and expressions (for instance, in the case of those that are of Greek/Byzantine tradition, concerning some non-doctrinal aspects of the Latin view of Purgatory).[26] The Eastern Catholic Churches and the Latin Church (which together compose the worldwide Catholic Church) share the same doctrine and sacraments, and thus the same faith. The total membership of the churches accounts for approximately 18 million members.
Alexandrian RiteEdit
Main article: Alexandrian Rite
Coptic Catholic Church
Eritrean Catholic Church
Ethiopian Catholic Church
Armenian RiteEdit
Main article: Armenian Rite
Byzantine RiteEdit
Main article: Byzantine Rite
Albanian Greek Catholic Church
Belarusian Greek Catholic Church
Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church
Byzantine Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia
Greek Byzantine Catholic Church
Hungarian Byzantine Catholic Church
Italo-Albanian Catholic Church (Italo-Greek Catholic Church)
Macedonian Catholic Church
Melkite Greek Catholic Church
Romanian Catholic Church
Russian Greek Catholic Church
Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church (usually called the "Byzantine Catholic Church" in the United States)
Slovak Greek Catholic Church
Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
East Syriac RiteEdit
Main article: East Syriac Rite
West Syriac RiteEdit
Main article: West Syriac Rite
Maronite Church
Syriac Catholic Church
Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
Proto-ProtestantEdit
Main article: Proto-Protestantism
Proto-Protestantism, or the Reformation prior to Luther refers to movements similar to the Protestant Reformation, but before 1517, when Martin Luther (1483–1546) nailed the Ninety-Five-Theses to the church door. Major early Reformers were Peter Waldo (c. 1140–c. 1205), John Wycliffe (1320s–1384), and Jan Hus (c. 1369–1415). It is not completely correct to call these groups Protestant due to the fact that some of them had nothing to do with the 1529 Protestation at Speyer which coined the term Protestant. In particular, the Utraquists were eventually accommodated as a separate Catholic rite by the papacy after a military attempt to end their movement failed. On the other hand, the surviving Waldensians ended up joining Reformed Protestantism, so it is not completely inaccurate to refer to their movement as Protestant.
Czechoslovak Hussite Church
Moravian Church
Unity of the Brethren
Waldensians
Waldensian Evangelical Church
ProtestantEdit
Main articles: Protestantism, Reformation, and List of the largest Protestant denominations
Protestant Christianity (Protestantism) is a movement within Christianity which owes its name to the 1529 Protestation at Speyer. Protestant Christians separated from the Catholic Church during the Reformation. Some, such as in the English Reformation, initiated the schism themselves. Others, such Luther, were excommunicated after attempting to reform Western Christianity.[27] New denominations and organizations formed through further divisions within Protestant churches since the Reformation began. A denomination labeled "Protestant" subscribes to the fundamental Protestant principles—though not always—that is scripture alone, justification by faith alone, and the universal priesthood of believers.[28]
The majority of Protestants are members of Adventism, Anglicanism, Baptists, Calvinism (Reformed Protestantism), Lutheranism, Methodism and Pentecostalism. Nondenominational, Evangelical, charismatic, neo-charismatic, independent and other churches are on the rise, and constitute a significant part of Protestant Christianity.[29]
This list gives only an overview, and certainly does not mention all of the Protestant denominations. The exact number of Protestant denominations, including the members of the denominations, is difficult to calculate and depends on definition. A group that fits the generally accepted definition of "Protestant" might not officially use the term. Therefore, it should be taken with caution. The most accepted figure among various authors and scholars includes around 900 million Protestant Christians.[30][31]
Main articles: Lutheranism and List of Lutheran denominations
See also: Lutheran church bodies in North America
Lutherans are a major branch of Protestantism, identifying with the theology of Martin Luther, a German friar, ecclesiastical reformer, and theologian. The whole of Lutheranism has about 70-90 million members.[32][33]
Apostolic Lutheran Church of America
Association of Free Lutheran Congregations
Church of the Lutheran Brethren of America
Church of the Lutheran Confession
Concordia Lutheran Conference
Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference
Evangelical Lutheran Church "Concord"
Evangelical Lutheran Free Church (Germany)
Evangelical Lutheran Synod
Lutheran Church of Central Africa Malawi Conference
Lutheran Church of Central Africa Zambia Conference
Ukrainian Lutheran Church
Evangelical Catholic Church (Lutheran)
Evangelical Community Church-Lutheran
Evangelical Lutheran Diocese of North America
Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands
General Lutheran Church
American Association of Lutheran Churches
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil
Evangelical Lutheran Church of England
Evangelical Lutheran Church - Synod of France and Belgium
Gutnius Lutheran Church
Independent Evangelical-Lutheran Church
Japan Lutheran Church
Lanka Lutheran Church
Lutheran Church—Canada
Lutheran Church—Hong Kong Synod
Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
Lutheran Church of Australia
Kosovo Protestant Evangelical Church
Laestadian Lutheran Church
Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
Lutheran Church - International
Lutheran Church of China
Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ
Lutheran Evangelical Protestant Church
Lutheran Ministerium and Synod - USA
Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church
Arcot Lutheran Church
Batak Christian Protestant Church
Church of Denmark
Church of the Faroe Islands
Church of Iceland
Church of Norway
Church of Sweden
Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada
Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Himalayan States
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Madhya Pradesh
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea
Evangelical Lutheran Free Church of Norway
Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam
Indian Evangelical Lutheran Church
Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church
Malagasy Lutheran Church
Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church
Simalungun Protestant Christian Church
South Andhra Lutheran Church
Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church
AnabaptismEdit
Main article: Anabaptists
The Anabaptists trace their origins to the Radical Reformation. The movement is seen as an offshoot of Protestantism, although the view has been challenged by some Anabaptists.[34] There are approximately 2.1 million Anabaptists as of 2015.[35]
Abecedarians
Amish Mennonite
Beachy Amish
Kauffman Amish Mennonite
Nebraska Amish
New Order Amish
Swartzentruber Amish
Apostolic Christian Church
Hutterites
Bruderhof Communities
Dariusleut
Lehrerleut
Schmiedeleut
Mennonites
Alliance of Mennonite Evangelical Congregations
Canadian Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches
Chortitzer Mennonite Conference
Church of God in Christ, Mennonite (Holdeman Mennonites)
Conference of the Mennonite Brethren Churches in India
Conservative Mennonite Conference
Evangelical Mennonite Church
Evangelical Mennonite Conference
Evangelical Mennonite Mission Conference
Evangelical Missionary Church
Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches
Japan Mennonite Brethren Conference
Kleine Gemeinde
Mennonite Brethren Churches
Mennonite Church in the Netherlands
Mennonite Church USA
Noah Hoover Mennonite
Ohio Wisler Mennonite
Reformed Mennonite
Swiss Mennonite Conference
US Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches
River Brethren
Brethren in Christ Church
Old Order River Brethren
United Zion Church
Wengerites
Schwenkfelders
Schwarzenau Brethren MovementEdit
Main article: Schwarzenau Brethren
The Brethren Church (Ashland Brethren)
Conservative Grace Brethren Churches, International
Dunkard Brethren
Ephrata Cloister
Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches
Old Brethren
Old Brethren German Baptist
Old German Baptist Brethren
Old German Baptist Brethren, New Conference
Old Order German Baptist Brethren
Social Brethren
AnglicanismEdit
Main article: Anglicanism
Anglicanism has referred to itself as the via media between Catholicism and Protestantism. It considers itself to be both Catholic and Reformed. Although the use of the term "Protestant" to refer to Anglicans was once common, it is controversial today, with some rejecting the label and others accepting it. In Protestantism, Anglicans number over 85 million.[36]
Anglican CommunionEdit
Main article: Anglican Communion
Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia
Anglican Church in Central America
Anglican Church in Japan
Anglican Church of Bermuda
Anglican Church of Kenya
Anglican Church of Korea
Anglican Church of Melanesia
Anglican Church of Mexico
Anglican Church of Papua New Guinea
Anglican Church of South America
Anglican Church of Southern Africa
Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil
Church in the Province of the West Indies
Church in Wales
Church of Ceylon
Church of Ireland
Church of Nigeria
Church of the Province of Central Africa
Church of the Province of Myanmar
Church of the Province of South East Asia
Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean
Church of the Province of West Africa
Church of Uganda
Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East
Episcopal Church in the Philippines
Episcopal Church of Cuba
Hong Kong Anglican Church
Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church
Parish of the Falkland Islands
Province of the Anglican Church of Burundi
Province of the Anglican Church of Rwanda
Province of the Anglican Church of the Congo
Province of the Episcopal Church of South Sudan
Province of the Episcopal Church of Sudan
Scottish Episcopal Church
Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church
United and uniting churches of the Anglican CommunionEdit
Church of Bangladesh
Church of Pakistan
Church of South India
Mar Thoma Syrian Church (Reformed Orthodox denomination in full communion with the Anglican Communion)
Other Anglican churches and Continuing Anglican movementEdit
Main article: Continuing Anglican movement
There are numerous churches following the Anglican tradition that are not in full communion with the Anglican Communion. Some churches split due to changes in the Book of Common Prayer and the ordination of women, forming Anglo-Catholic communities. A select few of these churches are recognized by certain individual provinces of the Anglican Communion.
African Orthodox Church
Anglican Church in America
Anglican Church in North America
Anglican Church of India
Anglican Episcopal Church (USA)
Anglican Mission in the Americas
Anglican Orthodox Church
Anglican Province of America
Christian Episcopal Church
Church of England (Continuing)
Church of England in South Africa
Communion of Evangelical Episcopal Churches
Diocese of the Great Lakes
Diocese of the Holy Cross
Episcopal Missionary Church
Free Church of England
Free Protestant Episcopal Church
Independent Anglican Church Canada Synod
Orthodox Anglican Church
Reformed Episcopal Church
Southern Episcopal Church
United Episcopal Church of North America
Reformed Protestantism (Calvinism)Edit
Main articles: Calvinism and List of Reformed denominations
Reformed Protestantism, also known as the Reformed tradition, or more commonly Calvinism, is a movement which broke from the Catholic Church in the 16th century. There are from 55-100 million Christians identifying as Reformers.[37][38]
Continental Reformed churchesEdit
Main article: Continental Reformed church
Afrikaans Protestant Church
Canadian and American Reformed Churches
Christian Reformed Church in North America
Christian Reformed Church in Sierra Leone
Christian Reformed Church in South Africa
Christian Reformed Church of Nigeria
Christian Reformed Churches
Continued Reformed Churches in the Netherlands
Christian Reformed Churches of Australia
Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches
Dutch Reformed Church (extinct)
Dutch Reformed Church in Botswana
Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa - NG Church
Evangelical and Reformed Church in Honduras
Evangelical Reformed Church in Bavaria and Northwestern Germany
Evangelical Reformed Church of Christ
Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches
Free Reformed Churches of Australia
Free Reformed Churches of North America
Free Reformed Churches of South Africa
Heritage Reformed Congregations
Huguenot
Lithuanian Evangelical Reformed Church
National Union of Independent Reformed Evangelical Churches of France
Netherlands Reformed Churches
Netherlands Reformed Congregations
Nigeria Reformed Church
Orthodox Christian Reformed Church
Polish Reformed Church
Protestant Church in the Netherlands
Protestant Reformed Christian Church in Croatia
Protestant Reformed Church of Luxembourg
Protestant Reformed Churches in America
Reformed Christian Church in Croatia
Reformed Christian Church in Serbia
Reformed Church in America
Reformed Church in Austria
Reformed Church in Hungary
Reformed Church in Latvia
Reformed Church in Romania
Reformed Church in Transcarpathia
Reformed Church in the United States
Reformed Church of Christ in Nigeria
Reformed Church of East Africa
Reformed Church of France
Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (extinct)
Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Liberated)
Reformed Churches of New Zealand
Reformed Evangelical Church in Myanmar
Reformed Synod of Denmark
Restored Reformed Church
United Church of Christ (See also: Congregationalism)
United Reformed Church in Congo
United Reformed Churches in North America
Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa
PresbyterianismEdit
Main article: Presbyterianism
See also: List of Presbyterian denominations in North America
Africa Evangelical Presbyterian Church
Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Mexico
Bible Presbyterian Church
Church of Central Africa Presbyterian
Church of Scotland
Christian Evangelical Church in Minahasa
Conservative Presbyterian Church in Brazil
Costa Rican Evangelical Presbyterian Church
Covenant Presbyterian Church
Cumberland Presbyterian Church
Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America
Evangelical Covenant Order of Presbyterians
Evangelical Presbyterian Church (Australia)
Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales
Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Malawi
Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Ukraine
Evangelical Presbyterian Church (United States)
Evangelical Reformed Presbyterian Church
Free Church of Scotland
Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)
Free Presbyterian Church (Australia)
Free Presbyterian Church of North America
Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster
Fundamentalist Presbyterian Church in Brazil
Grace Presbyterian Church of New Zealand
Greek Evangelical Church
National Presbyterian Church in Chile
National Presbyterian Church in Mexico
National Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Guatemala
Presbyterian Church in Canada
Presbyterian Church in Chile
Presbyterian Church in Honduras
Presbyterian Church in Ireland
Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDong)
Presbyterian Church in Korea (Koshin)
Presbyterian Church in Korea (TongHap)
Presbyterian Church in Liberia
Presbyterian Church in Malaysia
Presbyterian Church in Singapore
Presbyterian Church in Sudan
Presbyterian Church in Taiwan
Presbyterian Church in Uganda
Presbyterian Church of Africa
Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand
Presbyterian Church of Belize
Presbyterian Church of Brazil
Presbyterian Church of East Africa
Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia
Presbyterian Church of Ghana
Presbyterian Church of India
Presbyterian Church of Mozambique
Presbyterian Church of Nigeria
Presbyterian Church of Pakistan
Presbyterian Church of the Philippines
Presbyterian Church of Wales (also a Methodist church)
Presbyterian Church (USA)
Presbyterian Reformed Church (Australia)
Presbyterian Reformed Church (North America)
Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly
Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover Presbytery
Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States
Reformed Presbyterian Church of Australia
Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland
Reformed Presbyterian Church of Malawi
Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America
Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland
Renewed Presbyterian Church in Brazil
Southern Presbyterian Church (Australia)
Sudan Evangelical Presbyterian Church
United Free Church of Scotland
United Presbyterian Church of North America
United Presbyterian Church of Pakistan
Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa
Upper Cumberland Presbyterian Church
Westminster Presbyterian Church in the United States
Westminster Presbyterian Church of Australia
CongregationalismEdit
Main article: Congregational church
Church of Niue
Church of Tuvalu
Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa
Congregational Christian Church in Samoa
Congregational Christian Churches in Canada
Congregational Federation
Congregational Federation of Australia
Congregational Union of Ireland
Cook Islands Christian Church
English Independents
Evangelical Congregational Church in Angola
Evangelical Fellowship of Congregational Churches
Fellowship of Congregational Churches (Australia)
Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches
Huguenots
Kiribati Protestant Church
National Association of Congregational Christian Churches
Nauru Congregational Church
Reformed Congregational Churches
Union of Evangelical Congregational Churches in Brazil
Union of Evangelical Congregational Churches in Bulgaria
United Church in the Solomon Islands
United Church of Christ (See also: Reformed continental churches)
United Church of Christ-Congregational in the Marshall Islands
United Congregational Church of Southern Africa
BaptistsEdit
Main article: Baptists
See also: List of Baptist confessions and List of Baptist denominations
Baptists emerged as the English Puritans were influenced by the Anabaptists, and along with Methodism, grew in size and influence after they sailed to the New World (the remaining Puritans who traveled to the New World were congregationalists). There are about 75-105 million Baptists.[39][40]
Alliance of Baptists
American Baptist Association
American Baptist Churches USA
Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland
Association of Reformed Baptist Churches of America
Association of Regular Baptist Churches
Baptist Bible Fellowship International
Baptist Conference of the Philippines
Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec
Baptist Convention of Western Cuba
Baptist General Conference of Canada
Baptist General Convention of Texas
Baptist General Conference (Sweden)
Baptist Missionary Association of America
Baptist Union of Australia
Baptist Union of Great Britain
Baptist Union of New Zealand
Baptist Union of Scotland
Baptist Union of Western Canada
Baptist World Alliance
Canadian Baptist Ministries
Canadian Convention of Southern Baptists
Central Baptist Association
Central Canada Baptist Conference
Christian Unity Baptist Association
Conservative Baptist Association
Conservative Baptist Association of America
Continental Baptist Churches
Convención Nacional Bautista de Mexico
Convention of Atlantic Baptist Churches
Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars
Cooperative Baptist Fellowship
Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India
Council of Baptist Churches in Northern India
European Baptist Convention
European Baptist Federation
Evangelical Baptist Mission of South Haiti
Evangelical Free Baptist Church
Fellowship of Evangelical Baptist Churches in Canada
Free Will Baptist Church
Fundamental Baptist Fellowship of America
General Association of Baptists
General Association of General Baptists
General Association of Regular Baptist Churches
General Conference of the Evangelical Baptist Church, Inc.
General Six-Principle Baptists
Independent Baptist
Independent Baptist Church of America
Independent Baptist Fellowship International
Independent Baptist Fellowship of North America
Interstate & Foreign Landmark Missionary Baptist Association
Landmark Baptist Church
Liberty Baptist Fellowship
Manipur Baptist Convention
Myanmar Baptist Convention
Nagaland Baptist Church Council
National Association of Free Will Baptists
National Baptist Convention of America, Inc.
National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.
National Baptist Evangelical Life and Soul Saving Assembly of the U.S.A.
National Missionary Baptist Convention of America
National Primitive Baptist Convention of the U.S.A.
New England Evangelical Baptist Fellowship
New Independent Fundamentalist Baptist
Faithful Word Baptist Church
Nigerian Baptist Convention
North American Baptist Conference
North Bank Baptist Christian Association
Norwegian Baptist Union
Old Baptist Union
Old Regular Baptist
Old Time Missionary Baptist
Primitive Baptist
Primitive Baptist Universalism
Progressive Baptist
Progressive National Baptist Convention
Regular Baptist
Regular Baptist Churches, General Association of
Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches
Separate Baptist
Separate Baptists in Christ
Seventh Day Baptist
Southeast Conservative Baptist
Southern Baptists of Texas
Sovereign Grace Baptists
Strict Baptists or Particular Baptists
Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists
Union d'Églises baptistes françaises au Canada
Unione Cristiana Evangelica Battista d'Italia
United American Free Will Baptist Church
United American Free Will Baptist Conference
United Baptist
United Baptist Convention of the Atlantic Provinces
United Free Will Baptist
World Baptist Fellowship
Holiness BaptistsEdit
Christian Baptist Church of God
Holiness Baptist Association
Spiritual Baptist MovementEdit
Spiritual Baptists
Quakers (Society of Friends)Edit
Main article: Quakers
Beanite Quakerism
Britain Yearly Meeting
Central Yearly Meeting of Friends
Conservative Friends
Evangelical Friends International
Friends General Conference
Friends United Meeting
Ireland Yearly Meeting
New Foundation Fellowship
Nontheist Quakers
Quaker Universalist Fellowship
ShakersEdit
Shakers (United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing)
Radical PietismEdit
Main article: Radical Pietism
See also: Higher Life movement and Third Great Awakening
Pietism was an influential movement in Lutheranism that combined its emphasis on Biblical doctrine with the Reformed emphasis on individual piety and living a vigorous Christian life. Pietists who separated from established Lutheran churches to form their own denominations are known as Radical Pietists. Although a movement in Lutheranism, influence on Anglicanism, in particular John Wesley, led to the spawning of Methodism.
Amana Society
Bible Fellowship Church
Temple Society (Templers)
United Christian Church
Main articles: Methodism and List of Methodist denominations
Methodism emerged out the influence of Pietism within Anglicanism. Some 60-80 million Christians are Methodists.[39][41][42]
African Methodist Episcopal Church
British Methodist Episcopal Church
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church
Congregational Methodist Church
Evangelical Church of the Dominican Republic
Evangelical Methodist Church
First Congregational Methodist Church
Free Methodist Church
Methodist Church of Fiji and Rotuma
Methodist Church of Great Britain
Methodist Church of Malaysia
Methodist Church in India
Methodist Church of New Zealand
Methodist Church of Southern Africa
Primitive Methodist Church
Southern Methodist Church
Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia
Holiness movementEdit
Main article: Holiness movement
The Holiness movement involves a set of beliefs and practices which emerged from 19th-century Methodism. As of 2015, churches of the movement had an estimated 12 million adherents.[43]
Christ's Sanctified Holy Church
Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)
Church of God (Restoration)
Catholic Apostolic churches and IrvingismEdit
Main article: Catholic Apostolic Church
The Catholic Apostolic churches were born out of the 1830s revival started in London by the teachings of Edward Irving, and out of the resultant Catholic Apostolic Church Movement.[44]
Catholic Apostolic Church
New Apostolic Church
United Apostolic Church
Old Apostolic Church
Restored Apostolic Mission Church
Plymouth BrethrenEdit
Main article: Plymouth Brethren
Exclusive Brethren
Indian Brethren
Kerala Brethren Assembly
Open Brethren
Church Assembly Hall or Local Churches
Gospel Hall Brethren or Gospel Hall Assemblies
Needed Truth Brethren or The Churches of God
Pentecostal and CharismaticEdit
Main articles: Pentecostalism and Charismatic Christianity
See also: List of Christian denominations § Oneness Pentecostalism
Affirming Pentecostal Church International
Global Alliance of Affirming Apostolic Pentecostals
Apostolic Assemblies of Christ
Apostolic Assembly of the Faith in Christ Jesus
Apostolic Church (denomination)
Apostolic Faith Church
Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa
Apostolic Gospel Church of Jesus Christ
Apostolic Overcoming Holy Church of God
Apostolic Pastoral Congress
Assemblies of the Lord Jesus Christ
Associated Brotherhood of Christians
Believers Church
Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ
C3 Church Global
Celestial Church of Christ
Charisma Christian Church
Christ Gospel Churches International
Christian Assemblies International
Christian Church of North America
Christian City Churches
Christian Congregation in the United States
Christian Revival Crusade
Church of the Foursquare Gospel
Church of God by Faith
Church of God (Charleston, Tennessee)
Church of God (Chattanooga)
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)
The Church of God for All Nations
Church of God (Full Gospel) in India
Church of God, House of Prayer
Church of God (Huntsville, Alabama)
Church of God in Christ
The Church of God (Jerusalem Acres)
Church of God Mountain Assembly
Church of God of the Original Mountain Assembly
Church of God of the Union Assembly
Church of God with Signs Following
Church of the Little Children of Jesus Christ
Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith
Congregational Holiness Church
CRC Churches International
Deeper Life Bible Church
Destiny Church
Elim Pentecostal Church
Evangelical Pentecostal Church of Besançon
Fire Baptized Holiness Church of God of the Americas
Free Apostolic Church of Pentecost
God is Love Pentecostal Church
Hillsong Church
Independent Assemblies of God, International
Indian Pentecostal Church of God
International Assemblies of God Fellowship
International Fellowship of Christian Assemblies
International Pentecostal Church of Christ
Mission of Full Gospel - Christian Open Door
New Life Churches
Open Bible Standard Churches
Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada
Pentecostal Assemblies of the World
Pentecostal Church of God
Pentecostal Churches of Christ
Pentecostal Free Will Baptist Church
The Pentecostal Mission
Potter's House Christian Fellowship
Revival Centres International
The Revival Fellowship
United Covenant Churches of Christ
United Gospel Tabernacles
United Holy Church of America
United Pentecostal Church International
United Pentecostal Churches of Christ
Pentecostal Holiness MovementEdit
Church of Christ (Holiness) U.S.A.
Church of God (Holiness)
Oneness PentecostalismEdit
Main articles: Oneness Pentecostalism and Nontrinitarianism
True Jesus Church
Other Charismatic movementsEdit
Main article: Charismatic movement
City Harvest Church
Every Nation
Faith Christian Fellowship International
Jesus Army
Ministries of His Glory
Ministries Without Borders
Neo-Charismatic MovementEdit
Main article: Neo-charismatic movement
Association of Vineyard Churches
Bible Christian Mission
Born Again Movement
Church on the Rock- International
Destiny Church Groningen
New Life Fellowship Association
RestorationismEdit
Main articles: Restorationism and Restoration Movement
See also: Christian primitivism and Second Great Awakening
Restorationism and the Restoration Movement seek to restore Christianity along the lines of what is known about the apostolic early church which Restorationists see as the search for a more pure and more ancient form of the religion.[45] Restorationism and the Restoration Movement comprise Protestant Christians identifying either with trinitarian or nontrinitarian theologies.
Stone-Campbell Restoration MovementEdit
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
Churches of Christ
Churches of Christ (non-institutional)
Churches of Christ in Australia
Evangelical Christian Church in Canada (Christian Disciples)
Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ
International Christian Church
International Churches of Christ
Latter Day Saint movementEdit
Main articles: Latter Day Saint movement and Mormonism
See also: List of sects in the Latter Day Saint movement and Mormonism and Christianity
Most Latter Day Saint denominations are derived from the Church of Christ established by Joseph Smith in 1830. The largest worldwide denomination of this movement, and the one publicly recognized as Mormonism, is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Some sects, known as the "Prairie Saints", broke away because they did not recognize Brigham Young as the head of the church, and did not follow him West in the mid-1800s. Other sects broke away over the abandonment of practicing plural marriage after the 1890 Manifesto. Other denominations are defined by either a belief in Joseph Smith as a prophet or acceptance of the Book of Mormon as scripture. The Latter Day Saints comprise a little over 16 million members collectively.[46]
Original denominationEdit
Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints) - name changed in 1838 by Joseph Smith to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
"Prairie Saint" denominationsEdit
Church of Christ (Temple Lot) (Hedrickites)
Church of Christ with the Elijah Message
Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite)
Church of Jesus Christ (Cutlerite)
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite)
Community of Christ - formerly called the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS)
Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Independent RLDS / Restoration Branches
Restoration Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Restored Church of Jesus Christ (Eugene O. Walton)
"Rocky Mountain" denominationsEdit
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)
Fundamentalist Rocky MountainEdit
Main article: Mormon fundamentalism
Apostolic United Brethren
Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (FLDS)
Latter Day Church of Christ (Kingston Clan)
The True and Living Church of Jesus Christ of Saints of the Last Days
Other denominationsEdit
Fellowships of the Remnant
Restoration Church of Jesus Christ (extinct)
Early Sabbath-Keeping Movements, predating MillerismEdit
Seventh Day Baptists
Millerism and comparable groupsEdit
Millerites
Adventist Movement (Sunday observing)Edit
Advent Christian Church
Adventist Movement (Seventh Day Sabbath/Saturday observing)Edit
Splinter denominationsEdit
Adventist Church of Promise
Creation Seventh Day Adventist Church
Davidian Seventh-day Adventists
Branch Davidians
Sabbath Rest Advent Church
Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement
Church of God Movements (Sunday observing)Edit
Church of the Blessed Hope (aka Church of God of the Abrahamic Faith)
Church of God General Conference (Abrahamic Faith)
Church of God Movements (Seventh Day Sabbath/Saturday observing)Edit
Church of God International (USA)
Church of God (Seventh-Day) (or Church of God 7th day)
The Intercontinental Church of God
Seventh Day Christians - Norway (Syvende dags Kristne)
Living Church of God
Philadelphia Church of God
Restored Church of God
United Church of God
United Seventh-Day Brethren
World Mission Society Church of God
Sacred Name GroupsEdit
Main article: Sacred Name Movement
Assemblies of Yahweh
Assembly of Yahweh
House of Yahweh
Spanish-speaking RestorationismEdit
These are Restoration denominations that have originated from Spanish-speaking countries like Mexico or Philippines.
Members Church of God International
Kingdom of Jesus Christ
Nondenominational christiansEdit
Main articles: Nondenominational Christianity, Evangelicalism, and Evangelical
Many churches are non-denominational. These churches have emerged into their own pseudo-denomination, with many similarities. Most of these churches have origins in a historic mainline Protestant denomination.
Evangelicalism is a transdenominational Protestant movement which maintains the belief that the essence of the Gospel consists of the doctrine of salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ's atonement.[47]
Ecumenical churches and denominationsEdit
Main article: Ecumenism
Uniting and United churches movementEdit
Main article: United and uniting churches
These churches are the result of a merger between distinct denominational churches. Churches are listed here when their disparate heritage marks them as inappropriately listed in the particular categories above.
China Christian Council
Christian and Missionary Alliance
Evangelical Association of Reformed and Congregational Christian Churches
Church of Bangladesh (Anglican)
Church of North India (Anglican)
Church of Pakistan (Anglican)
Church of South India (Anglican)
Evangelical Church in Germany
Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren
St. Thomas Evangelical Church
United Church in Jamaica and the Cayman Islands
United Church in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands
Free Evangelical ChurchesEdit
Free Evangelical Churches
Nondenominational Evangelical multisite churchesEdit
These nondenominational Evangelical churches (due to the emergence of video streaming technologies) are multi-site churches, sharing a broadcast some Sundays or all Sundays with multiple church buildings and locations.
Life.Church (formerly LifeChurch.tv, Edmond, Oklahoma)
Internet churchesEdit
Main article: Internet church
LifeChurch.tv
Nontrinitarian ProtestantismEdit
Main article: Nontrinitarianism
These groups of Protestant churches and organizations follow nontrinitarian theology with different interpretations of it.
Unitarian and UniversalistEdit
Main articles: Unitarianism and Christian Universalism
American Unitarian Association (consolidated with the Universalist Church of America to form the Unitarian Universalist Association and Unitarian Universalism)
Unitarian Universalist Christian Fellowship
American Unitarian Conference
Christian Universalist Association
International Council of Unitarians and Universalists
General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches
Unitarian Christian Association
Unitarian Church of Transylvania
Unitarisk Kirkesamfund
Iglesia ni Cristo (Church of Christ)
Polish Brethren (extinct as a modern and distinct group)
Socinianism (extinct as a modern and distinct group)
Unitarian Christian Conference USA
Unitarian Christian Emerging Church
Universalist Church of America (consolidated with the American Unitarian Association to form the Unitarian Universalist Association and Unitarian Universalism)
Bible StudentsEdit
Main article: Bible Student movement
Christian Millennial Fellowship
Dawn Bible Students Association
Friends of Man
Laymen's Home Missionary Movement
Pastoral Bible Institute
Main article: The New Church
Lord's New Church Which Is Nova Hierosolyma
Swedenborgian Church of North America
Christian ScienceEdit
Main article: Christian Science
Church of Christ, Scientist
Eschatology (religious movement)
Other NontrinitariansEdit
Church of the Blessed Hope
Church of God (Seventh-Day)
Church of Almighty God
Family Federation for World Peace and Unification
World Peace and Unification Sanctuary Church
Keraites
Makuya
Some Quakers
Spiritual Christians from Russia
Subbotniks[48]
Tolstoyan movement
Two by Twos ("Christian Conventions")
Universal Alliance
Yehowists
Other Protestant churches and movementsEdit
These are denominations, movements, and organizations deriving from mainline Protestantism.
Associated Gospel Churches of Canada (AGC)
Believers' Church in India
Brunstad Christian Church
The Christian Community
Church of Christ, Instrumental (Kelleyites)
Cooneyites (not to be confused with Christian Conventions, above)
Evangelical Church of West Africa
Evangelical Covenant Church of America (Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant)
Evangelical Free Church of America
Evangelical Free Church of Canada
Evangelical Orthodox Church
Family International
Fellowship of Fundamental Bible Churches
Gloriavale Christian Community
Grace Movement Churches
Great Commission Association
Indian Shakers
Inspirationalists (Amana Church Society)
Jesus Movement (extinct)
Methernitha
Metropolitan Community Churches
Shiloh Youth Revival Centers
The Way International
The African Church
Apostles of Johane Maranke
Christ Apostolic Church
Church of the Lord (Aladura)
Eternal Sacred Order of Cherubim and Seraphim
Kimbanguist Church
Zion Christian Church
Other Christian groupsEdit
The following are independent and non-mainstream movements, denominations and organizations formed during various times in the history of Christianity by splitting from mainline Catholicism, Eastern or Oriental Orthodoxy, or Protestantism.
Independent CatholicismEdit
Further information: List of Independent Catholic denominations and Independent Sacramental Movement
The Independent Catholic churches self-identify as either Western or Eastern Catholic although they are not affiliated with or recognized by the Catholic Church. Independent Catholic and Independent Orthodox churches among others are recognized as part of the Independent Sacramental Movement.
American Catholic Church in the United States
American National Catholic Church
Antiochian Catholic Church in America
Augustana Catholic Church
Archdiocese of the Old Catholic Church of America
Argentine Catholic Apostolic Church
Apostolic Catholic Church (Philippines)
Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church
Catholic Charismatic Church of Canada
Catholic Christian Church
Catholic Life Church
Catholic Mariavite Church
Celtic Catholic Church
Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association
Christ Catholic Church
Communion of Christ the Redeemer
Community of the Lady of All Nations
Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen
Ecumenical Catholic Church
Ecumenical Catholic Communion
Evangelical Catholic Church (Independent Catholic)
Fraternité Notre-Dame
Free Catholic Church, in Germany
Imani Temple African-American Catholic Congregation
Istituto Mater Boni Consilii
Liberal Catholic Church
National Catholic Church of America
Mariavite Church (not to be confused with the Catholic Mariavite Church)
Most Holy Family Monastery
Old Catholic Church
Old Catholic Church in Europe
Old Catholic Church of America
Old Catholic Mariavite Church
Old Roman Catholic Church in North America
Old Roman Catholic Church in America
Palmarian Catholic Church
Philippine Independent Church (Aglipayan Church)
Polish National Catholic Church
Rabelados
Reformed Catholic Church, in Venezuela
Reformed Old Catholic Church
St. Stanislaus Kostka Church (St. Louis, Missouri)
Society of St. Pius V
Traditionalist Mexican-American Catholic Church
True Catholic Church
Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church
Venezuelan Catholic Apostolic Church
Independent Eastern OrthodoxyEdit
These churches consider themselves Eastern Orthodox but are not in communion with the main body of Eastern Orthodoxy. Some of these denominations consider themselves as part of True Orthodoxy or the Old Believers as examples.
Abkhazian Orthodox Church
Autocephalous Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate
Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
Indonesia Orthodox Church
Lusitanian Orthodox Church
Macedonian Orthodox Church
Montenegrin Orthodox Church (1993)
Orthodox Church in Italy
Russian Orthodox Church in America
Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church Canonical
True OrthodoxyEdit
Main article: True Orthodoxy
True Orthodoxy, or Genuine Orthodoxy, is a movement of Eastern Orthodox churches that separated from the mainstream Eastern Orthodox Church over issues of ecumenism and Calendar reform since the 1920s.[49]
Bulgarian Alternative Synod
Greek Old Calendarists
Old Calendar Bulgarian Orthodox Church
Old Calendar Romanian Orthodox Church
Orthodox Church of Greece (Holy Synod in Resistance)
Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church
Russian True Orthodox Church (also called as Catacomb Church)
Serbian True Orthodox Church
True Russian Orthodox Church
Old BelieversEdit
Main article: Old Believers
Russian Old Believers form a sub-type of [Proto-]True Orthodoxy that refused to accepted the liturgical and ritual changes made by Patriarch Nikon of Moscow between 1652 and 1666.
Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church (Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy)
Lipovan Orthodox Old-Rite Church (Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy)
Russian Old-Orthodox Church (Novozybkovskaya Hierarchy)
Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church (Pomortsy)
Old-Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church of Fedoseevtsy [ru] (Fedoseevtsy)
Syncretic Eastern OrthodoxyEdit
Syncretic Eastern Orthodox churches blend with other denominations outside of Eastern Orthodoxy and are not in communion with the main body of Eastern Orthodoxy.
Church of God and Saints of Christ (Orthodox Christianity)
Evangelical Orthodox Church (blends with Evangelicalism and some other Protestant elements)
Communion of Western Orthodox Churches (it recognizes both Christian Orthodoxies as same, thus it may accept Miaphysite doctrine)
Celtic Orthodox Church
French Orthodox Church
Orthodox Church of the Gauls
Other Independent Eastern Orthodox movementsEdit
Imiaslavie (Onomatodoxy)
Inochentism
Independent Oriental OrthodoxyEdit
The following churches affirm a Miaphysite Christological position but are not in communion with any of the ancient Oriental Orthodox churches for various reasons.
British Orthodox Church (founded in 1886 formerly as Catholic Apostolic Church of the West by Scottish-born British clergyman Jules Ferrette (1826-1904) to bring Oriental Orthodoxy into the British Isles without being Middle-eastern or Ethiopian and was Coptic Orthodox Church one of two Autonomous Churches before departure peacefully in 2015)
Ethiopian Orthodox Coptic Church of North and South America (considers itself autocephalous but considered schismatic by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church)
Malabar Independent Syrian Church
Syncretic Oriental OrthodoxyEdit
These are churches which blend with other denominations outside of Oriental Orthodoxy but retain a mostly Miaphysite Christological position, and are not in communion with the main body of the ancient Oriental Orthodox churches.
Orthodox-Catholic Church of America
Communion of Western Orthodox Churches (it recognized both Christian Orthodoxies as same, thus it may accept Miaphysite doctrine)
Reformed Oriental OrthodoxyEdit
Main article: Reformed Orthodoxy (Eastern Christianity)
These churches resulted from a reformation of Oriental Orthodoxy, in line with Protestant beliefs and practices.
Mar Thoma Syrian Church (Independent Reformed Oriental denomination based in Kerala, India, in full communion with the Anglican Communion)
St. Thomas Evangelical Church (Independent Eastern Church with Evangelical influences, based in Kerala, India)
SouthcottismEdit
Main article: Southcottism
Christian Israelite Church
House of David (commune)
Panacea Society
Racial ChristianityEdit
EuropeanEdit
British Israelism
Armstrongism
British-Israel-World Federation
AfrocentricEdit
Church of God and Saints of Christ
Messianic JudaismEdit
Main article: Messianic Judaism
See also: Messianic Jewish theology
Chosen People Ministries
Hebrew Christian movement
International Messianic Jewish Alliance
Jews for Jesus
Messianic Israel Alliance
Messianic Jewish Alliance of America
Union of Messianic Jewish Congregations
Hebrew RootsEdit
Hebrew Roots
Christian IdentityEdit
Assembly of Christian Soldiers
The Christ's Assembly
Church of Israel, Schell City, Missouri
Church of Jesus Christ–Christian (Aryan Nations)
The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord
Kingdom Identity Ministries, Harrison, Arkansas
LaPorte Church of Christ, Fort Collins, Colorado
Positive ChristianityEdit
German Christians
Positive Christianity
Esoteric Christianity (Gnosticism)Edit
Main articles: Esoteric Christianity and Western esotericism
Archeosophical Society
Behmenism
Ecclesia Gnostica
Martinism
The Rosicrucian Fellowship
Societas Rosicruciana
Spiritualist Church
Universal White Brotherhood
Asian Independent ChurchesEdit
These are Asian-initiated churches from Chinese and Japanese regions that were formed during or still under repression in authoritarian eras in their countries as responses from government crackdowns of their old Christian denominations which were deemed illegal or unrecognized in their countries states atheism or religion.
Chinese Independent ChurchesEdit
Main article: Chinese Independent Churches
Evangelical Free Church of China
Local Church movement
Japanese Independent ChurchesEdit
Main article: Japanese Independent Churches
Non-church movement
Zion Christian Church (Japan)
United Church of Christ in Japan
MiscellaneousEdit
House of Aaron
The Process Church of The Final Judgment (The Process)
Trinitarian Universalism
United House of Prayer for All People
Lord's Resistance Army
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Twelve Tribes communities
Denominationally unaffiliated parachurch organizationsEdit
Main articles: Ecumenism and Parachurch organization
Parachurch organizations are Christian faith-based organizations that work outside and across denominations to engage in social welfare and evangelism. These organizations are not churches but work with churches or represent a coalition of churches.
Action of Churches Together in Scotland
Bose Monastic Community
Byzantine Discalced Carmelites
Campus Crusade for Christ
Christian Churches Together in the USA
Churches Together in Britain and Ireland
Churches Uniting in Christ
Conference of European Churches
Ecumenical Institute for Study and Dialogue
Edinburgh Churches Together
Fellowship of Saint Alban and Saint Sergius
Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity (HSA-UWC/Unification Church/Unification Movement)
Intervarsity Christian Fellowship
National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A.
New Monasticism related Communities
Pentecostal Charismatic Peace Fellowship
Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity
Society of Ordained Scientists
Taizé Community
World Alliance of Reformed Churches
World Student Christian Federation
Christian-related movementsEdit
Main article: List of Christian movements
A Christian movement is a theological, political, or philosophical interpretation of Christianity that is not generally represented by a specific church, sect, or denomination.
British New Church Movement
Christian atheism
Christian communism
Christian democracy
Christian existentialism
Christian Family Movement
Christian feminism
Christian left
Christian naturism
Christian pacifism
Christian socialism
Christian Torah-submission
Christian vegetarianism
Confessing Movement
Convergence Movement
Green Christianity
House church (or Simple church)
LGBT-affirming Christian denominations
Neo-orthodoxy
Postmodern Christianity
Quiverfull
Restorationism
Shepherding Movement
New ThoughtEdit
Main article: New Thought
The relation of New Thought to Christianity is not defined as exclusive; some of its adherents see themselves as solely practising Christianity, while adherents of Religious Science say "yes and no" to the question of whether they consider themselves to be Christian in belief and practice, leaving it up to the individual to define oneself spiritually.
Church of Divine Science
Church of the Truth
Home of Truth
The Infinite Way
Psychiana
Seicho-no-Ie
Unity Church
Universal Foundation for Better Living
Syncretistic religions incorporating elements of ChristianityEdit
Main article: Syncretism
See also: Afro-American religion
The relation of these movements to other Christian ideas can be remote. They are listed here because they include some elements of Christian practice or beliefs, within religious contexts which may be only loosely characterized as Christian.
Cao Đài
Chrislam
Cult of Santa Muerte
Malbars
Native American Church
Pilgrims of Arès
Rastafari movement
Santo Daime
Denominationalism
East–West Schism
List of Christian denominations by number of members
List of the largest Protestant denominations
List of religions and spiritual traditions
List of religious organizations
Timeline of Christianity
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^ a b "The Original Christian Church - Questions & Answers". oca.org. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
^ "The differences between the Catholic and Orthodox churches". The Economist. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
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^ Anthony Dragani, From East to West
^ "Protestant, I.2.a" Oxford English Dictionary
^ "The "Solas" of the Reformation" (PDF). Lmsusa.org.
^ World Council of Churches: Evangelical churches: "Evangelical churches have grown exponentially in the second half of the 20th century and continue to show great vitality, especially in the global South. This resurgence may in part be explained by the phenomenal growth of Pentecostalism and the emergence of the charismatic movement, which are closely associated with evangelicalism. However, there can be no doubt that the evangelical tradition "per se" has become one of the major components of world Christianity. Evangelicals also constitute sizable minorities in the traditional Protestant and Anglican churches. In regions like Africa and Latin America, the boundaries between "evangelical" and "mainline" are rapidly changing and giving way to new ecclesial realities."
^ "Pewforum: Christianity (2010)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 August 2013.
^ "Christianity 2015: Religious Diversity and Personal Contact" (PDF). gordonconwell.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017.
^ "Member Churches". The Lutheran World Federation. 19 May 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
^ "About Us". Lutheran Church of New Zealand. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
^ Winckelmann, Johann Joachim (1808). Winckelmann's Werke (in German). Walther.
^ "World Directory | Mennonite World Conference". mwc-cmm.org. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
^ Office, Anglican Communion. "Member Churches". www.anglicancommunion.org. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
^ "Christian Traditions". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 19 December 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
^ "About The World Communion of Reformed Churches (WCRC) :: World Communion of Reformed Churches (WCRC)". 27 October 2014. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
^ a b "Christian Traditions". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 19 December 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
^ McHatton, Misti. "Baptist World Alliance". community.christianemergencynetwork.org. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
^ "Member Churches". World Methodist Council. 20 August 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
^ "Membership". www.methodist.org.uk. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
^ "Holiness churches — World Council of Churches". www.oikoumene.org. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
^ "Catholic Apostolic Church | Infoplease". InfoPlease. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
^ The Routledge companion to the Christian church. p. 634. ISBN 0-415-37420-0.
^ "15 Million Member Milestone Announced at LDS Church Conference". www.mormonnewsroom.org. 5 October 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
^ "Glossary | Operation World". www.operationworld.org. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
^ Subbotniki
^ Beoković, Jelena (1 May 2010). "Ko su ziloti, pravoslavni fundamentalisti" [Who are Zealots, Orthodox Fundamentalists]. Politika. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Christian_denominations&oldid=906760507"


Comodo IceDragon Internet Browser 60.0.2.10 is a simple-to-use multi-tabbed web browser that focuses on some security features. Plus, it integrates Facebook for easy access.
This tool can also be installed as a portable product. This way, the Windows registry does not receive new entries and no leftover items can be found after program removal.
Plus, you can store Comodo IceDragon on a USB flash drive and always have it with you when you're on the go.
During the installation procedure, you can import history, favorites, cookies and passwords from the default browser, as well as choose the COMODO SecureDNS servers for security reasons.
The interface of the tool is clean and intuitive, familiar to the one of Firefox. Comodo IceDragon lets you manage add-ons and plugins, change the default theme, as well as access web developer tools (e.g. web console, debugger, style editor, error console).
The web browser has a good navigation speed and uses a high amount of system resources. We have not encountered any issues throughout our tests; Comodo IceDragon did not freeze, crash or pop up error dialogs.
Comodo IceDragon features privacy and performance enhancements over the Firefox core browser as well as additional features such as SiteInspector malware scanning, Comodo Secure DNS and improved social media functionality.
Found an interesting page or video?IceDragon's dedicated social media button makes it easy to instantly share your web-finds with your Facebook, Twitter or LinkedIn friends.


This assignment taught me A LOT about making arrangements and showed me a side of my neighborhood I'd never seen before. After watching the video, I visited the 28th street flower market for the first time - despite living just 2 blocks south for a few years(!). I went on a Sunday and unfortunately they only sell loose flowers Mon-Sat, but I'll definitely be back soon.
Creating the arrangement was definitely more challenging than I expected, but I feel like I have the basic concepts in mind for my next go around. The most challenging parts by far were: 1) how to create balance without necessarily using the same amount of each component and 2) finding the texture items - for better or worse I only found cattails, but I'd love to know if there are any creative alternatives.
+ another arrangement I made for a birthday present - hydrangeas are delicate flowers!


Gabriel and Hot Chip - better than Genesis?
Rappers do it all the time - name-check themselves, that is - so why not Peter Gabriel? That's part of the fun of hearing Gabriel team up with the electropop band Hot Chip on a cover of Vampire Weekend's hit, Cape Cod Kwassa Kwassa.
Over the summer, Gabriel admitted that he was a fan of the song - he even met with the New York-based Vampire Weekend and remarked that he wouldn't mind doing his own version. He did say, however, that the key line "But this feels unnatural/Peter Gabriel too" might pose some problems.
"But this feels unnatural/ Peter Gabriel too/ It feels unnatural to sing your own name"
"I haven't quite worked that out whether I should be doing that or substituting it with a name that might be appropriate to me," he joked. "I think playing with yourself makes you go blind after a while."
We're happy to report that both Gabriel's vision and his collaboration with Hot Chip are just fine. Of the track, it's vastly different from Vampire Weekend's Stray Cats-meets-Afro-indie vibe, but it's one of the best things the ex-Genesis singer has done in years.
Check out the cut below, and wait for the line "But this feels unnatural/Peter Gabriel too," followed by "It feels unnatural to sing your own name." Great stuff.


text:
Q: How to classify a variable based on the value in the row above it in R? I have a data frame with four columns. I would like to create a new column where the value depends on the other column row above. For example, I have a data set like this:

Day
Precipitation
Condition

1
3
Wet

2
0
Dry

3
3
Wet

I would like the final product to look something like this?

Day
Precipitation
Condition
Day Before

1
3
Wet

2
0
Dry
Wet

3
3
Wet
Dry

Any ideas on how I can do this?

A: You may try
library(dplyr)

df %>%
  mutate('Day Before' = lag(Condition))

  Day Precipitation Condition Day Before
1   1             3       Wet       <NA>
2   2             2       Dry        Wet
3   3             3       Wet        Dry

A: Plain R approach:
To define the Day Before column , add NA to the beginning of the Condition column (df$Condition) and remove the last element in that vector (df$condition[-length(df$condition)).
df$DayBefore <- c(NA,df$Condition[-length(df$Condition)])

df
    Day Percepitation Condition DayBefore
1   1             3       wet      <NA>
2   2             0       dry       wet
3   3             3       wet       dry

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
PM Modi Inaugurates 108 Feet Statue of Kempegowda on his Bengaluru Visit
Bengaluru: On Friday, Prime Minister Narendra Modi reached Bengaluru to flag off several projects in the city. He has unveiled South India's first Vande Bharat Express and has also inaugurated a new terminal at the Kempegowda International airport. To curb the traffic nuances ahead of the PM's visit to the city which already has major traffic issues, several guidelines were imposed on its busy roads. The traffic guidelines were removed after the PM touched down in the city and reached his destination. He has also unveiled a 108 feet long bronze statue of Nadaprabhu Kempegowda who is known as the founder of the city of Bengaluru.
Since his visit to the city, the PM has been constantly updating about his work towards the betterment of the city and all his other activities on his social media handle. In a tweet about the consistent road jams of Bengaluru and the need for a 2nd terminal at the airport, PM Modi wrote, "Terminal 2 of the Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru will add capacity and further convenience. It is a part of our efforts aimed at providing top class infrastructure to our urban centres. The Terminal is beautiful and passenger friendly! Glad to have inaugurated it." He also shared pictures of the new terminal of the airport.
In another tweet, he said, "I am happy to have come to Karnataka on the special day of Sri Kanakadasa and Onake Obavva's Jayanti. The development projects inaugurated today will greatly improve Bangalore's urban infrastructure." It is expected that the Prime Minister has visited Bengaluru for unveiling quite a few projects that will help in the prosperity of the country's IT hub abundantly. More information on his schedule is awaited.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dolly Tshabalala's post mortem painted a gruesome picture of how she was allegedly stabbed to death by her boyfriend and former Jozi FM DJ, Donald Sebolai, with both kidneys wounded while the cause of death was a penetrative wound to her right thigh causing her to bleed out.
Describing in detail to the South Gauteng High Court sitting in Palm Ridge on Wednesday, forensic pathologist, Paul Morule, said the chief findings found the cause of death was a severe bleeding.
"The deceased was wearing a grey pair of tights (trousers) which were blood-soaked," said Morule.
"Normally when we conduct autopsies, we cut open the body from the deceased's chin, right through until the pubic bone and when we did that on Tshabalala, we noticed that there was a deep wound extending into her right thigh, and that's when we extended the cutting and or opening of the body," Morule said.
He said while he was unable to describe the kind of force used in numerical terms, he would imagine that there was significant force used to result in damage.
Asked to comment on some of the photos that were taken at the crime scene in Jabulani last year, Morule said in some areas of the environment, there were no signs of severe bleeding, but other photos, particularly of the fridge, suggest that blood could have been wiped off.
Earlier in the day, the fourth witness Palesa Seseli was questioned about other incidents of assault involving the deceased and the accused.
She testified that in November last year, Tshabalala came back to her house after just leaving with Sebolai, claiming that he had beat her up. The three had been socialising that evening.
According to Seseli, Tshabalala jumped the gate before knocking on her door. She further claimed that Tshabalala was bleeding through her nose.
Another incident related to where Tshabalala was allegedly jealous of a girl that had been sitting with Sebolai at Seseli's house.
Seseli testified that both Sebolai and Tshabalala were often jealous to the point where the couple would go through each other's cellphones.
Seseli also testified on a third instance of alleged assault which happened at Ben's Tavern where Sebolai allegedly punched Seseli as well as slapping Tshabalala.
Another witness expected to testify in the murder trial against Sebolai Today is Nonhlanhla Mkhize, a friend to the late Dolly Tshabalala.


text:
Q: How to make all post in to a category? I need to make all current posts to a category called "Past Posts". I could not find a way to do it. I have 250+ posts. So I can't do it manually.

A: First query all post
$args = array(
    'post_type'         =>'posts',
    'post_status'       =>'publish',
    'posts_per_page'    =>-1

);
$query = new WP_Query($args);
$post_ids = array();
if($query->have_posts()){
    while ($query->have_posts()){
        global $post;
        $query->the_post();
        array_push($post_ids,$post->ID);
    }
}

Now you have an array called $post_ids which contains all post's id .
Now  , change the categories
Loop through the array and change the categories
$post_categories= array('Past Posts');
foreach ($post_ids as $key => $post_ID) {
    if(!in_category('Past Posts')){
        wp_set_post_categories( $post_ID, $post_categories, true );
    }
}

If you want to append a category then set the third parameter of wp_set_post_categories of this function true or if you want to replace then make it false .
Put this code in functions.php  , you can delete this code after your work is done


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Omnimystery News is pleased to present a selection of newly published and recently released mystery, suspense and thriller titles — mostly from independent publishers — for Tuesday, October 31, 2017.
Important Note: Price(s) verified as of 10/31/17 4:30 PM ET. Price(s) are subject to change at any time. The price displayed on the vendor website at the time of the purchase will be the price paid for the book. Please confirm the price of the book before purchasing it.
Owning her own business seemed like pie in the sky to Valentine Harris when she moved to the coastal California town of San Nicholas, expecting to start a new life with her fiancé. Five months — and a broken engagement — later, at least her dream of opening a pie shop has become a reality. But when one of her regulars keels over at the counter while eating a quiche, Val feels like she's living a nightmare.
After the police determine the customer was poisoned, business at Pie Town drops faster than a fallen crust. Convinced they're both suspects, Val's flaky, seventy-something pie crust maker Charlene drags her boss into some amateur sleuthing. At first Val dismisses Charlene's half-baked hypotheses, but before long the ladies uncover some shady dealings hidden in fog-bound San Nicholas. Now Val must expose the truth — before a crummy killer tries to shut her pie hole.
To see more new paperback titles scheduled to be published this month, visit The Mystery Bookshelf for October 2017. For new hardcover titles, visit New Mysteries where for a list of October 2017 mysteries, novels of suspense, and thrillers is provided.
For a list of more new hardcover titles to be published this month, visit our New Mysteries page for October 2017. For new paperback titles, visit The Mystery Bookshelf where a selection of October 2017 mysteries, novels of suspense, and thrillers are shelved.
She discovers one of her employers lying in a closet with a knife sticking out of her chest. This unpleasant shock seems to be part of a web of weird experiences: Tallie's friend Gina's shop is broken into, her ex is stun-gunned where it hurts the most, and now she's receiving flowers from the dead woman. Granted the deliveryman is handsome, but seriously, that's enough to cast a pall over anyone's day. Now Tallie needs to dig deep to clean up this mess — before she finds herself in a grave situation.
Important Note: Price(s) verified as of 10/31/17 5:31 AM. Price(s) are subject to change at any time. The price displayed on the vendor website at the time of the purchase will be the price paid for the book. Please confirm the price of the book before purchasing it.


text:
NFVF supported film to compete at IDFA 2014
Made with the support of the NFVF, The Shore Break, Unearthed and The Dream of Shahrazad were selected to appear at the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam (IDFA), the world's largest and most prestigious international documentary film festival.
The Shore Break will compete in the First Appearance category which supports talented emerging filmmakers releasing their first or second film. Fifteen documentaries from different corners of the globe, short-listed from hundreds of entries, will be evaluated by a five-member international jury for this honour. IDFA takes place in Amsterdam from 19 to 30 November 2014.
The Shore Break follows two cousins from a close-knit rural community who have opposing plans for developing their land on South Africa's Wild Coast. It deals with the universal themes of family, love, betrayal and homeland - and the fundamental conflict between tradition and modernity. It is a beautiful, poetic and dramatic creative documentary with moments of humour for light relief. With compelling characters, beautiful cinematography, and sand animations it draws the viewer into the complex and mysterious world of the Wild Coast.
The Shore Break is an all South African production. Director Ryley Grunenwald fell in love with the Wild Coast as a child and has spent intensive periods of time there to capture events as they unfolded. According to co-producer Odette Geldenhuys, the beauty of The Shore Break is not only in its depiction of the rugged splendour of the Wild Coast, but also in the way the film deals on a very human level with the complex question, 'what is development?'
Both Ryley and Odette will attend IDFA, Ryley as part of the Documentary Filmmakers Association (DFA) delegation, which is made possible by the DTI Sector Specific Assistance Scheme, and Odette's attendance is supported by the National Film and Video Foundation (NFVF).
The Dream of Shahrazad and Unearthed are appearing in the non-competitive programme. The Dream of Shahrazad, directed by Francois Verster, is a feature-length documentary film which locates political expression before, during and after the Egyptian revolution - and also within recent times in Turkey and Lebanon - within a broader historical and cultural framework: that of storytelling and music. More particularly, it looks at the legacy of the famous collection of stories known as the 1001 (or "arabian") nights.
Using the metaphor of Shahrazad - the princess in the Nights who saves lives by telling stories to the murderous Sultan Shahriyar - and filmed before, during and after the so-called "Arab Spring", it weaves together a web of music, politics and storytelling to explore the ways in which creativity and political articulation coincide in response to oppression.
A series of unforgettable characters all draw their inspiration from the Nights and, like Shahrazad, put creativity to new political use. A charismatic conductor uses Rimsky-Korsakov's Scheherazade suite as a tool for political education, leading up to a final performance at Istanbul's Topkapi Palace - and, in time, to the Gezi Park protests of 2013. A young Lebanese woman makes peace with her past by learning the art of storytelling in Egypt and becomes an Internet activist in the process.
This richly kaleidoscopic film is at once observational documentary, concert film, political meditation and visual translation of an ever-popular symphonic and literary classic. It is a documentary homage both to the Nights and the Scheherazade suite, as well as a rethinking of the ways in which powerful historical and cultural archetypes interact with political change.
Unearthed, an independent South African feature documentary, investigates fracking in the United States - the technology's place of origin - in order to understand what this new method of gas extraction could mean for the semi-arid Karoo and other countries that are considering its implementation.
The film covers the extensive journey that Karoo born director, Jolynn Minnaar, took - 18 months of research; over 400 interviews; traveling across South Africa, the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom to get to the bottom of the controversial topic.
Unearthed challenges the assertion that hydraulic fracturing is a safe, time-tested technology and questions whether shale gas is the solution for our energy-hungry world.
http://nfvf.co.za
Europe » Netherlands
Sundance makes history by selecting First Narrative Film directed by a black South African
They say dynamite comes in small packages, Sadla, a narrative short film produced by Kude Media is proof of that, Clocking in at 5 minutes and forty-five seconds exactly, this powerful film has made history by being the very first narrative film by a black South African filmmaker to be selected for the Sun
Africa » South Africa
Social Justice Documentary "Push" Special Screening and Discussion
The social justice film Push by Swedish director Fredrik Gertten will have a special screening at the Tshisimani Centre for Activist Education in Mowbray, Cape Town, on Thursday, 5 December at 6pm.
Les Misérables to open European Film Festival in South Africa
Cannes Jury Prize-winning French film, Les Miserables by celebrated director Ladj Ly, will open the 6th European Film Festival in Johannesburg, South Africa on 29 November.
European Film Festival in Cape Town, Johannesburg and Pretoria
Johannesburg, Pretoria and Cape Town are in for a ten-day feast of award-winning films as the European Film Festival celebrates its 6th edition in South Africa. The festival will be held simultaneously at Cinema Nouveau theatres in the three cities from 29 November to 8 December.
Knysna Film Festival Opens with Fiela Se Kind
The Knysna Film Festival will open with the Festival Premiere of Fiela Se Kind on Tuesday 29th October 2019. This is an exclusive event ticketed only and tickets are now available on Computicket.
Joburg Film Festival launches in November
The Joburg Film Festival and the MultiChoice Group have embarked on an exciting collaboration to create South Africa's preeminent film festival. By Peter Feldman
Nigerian Abuja and AFRIFF film festivals ban South African filmmakers
Organizers of Nigerian Abuja and AFRIFF announced the immediate suspension of all South African films submissions to their festivals. As South Africans we request that DIFF and Kwa-Zulu Natal Commission immediately sever ties with these hostile festivals in response to the attack on our film industry.
Africa » Nigeria
Film Courses


What do you do when you're confronted with the ghost of the only girl you ever loved? Liam Westin has carried a secret crush on his twin sister's best friend for most of his life. When she goes missing and is presumed dead as a teen, it nearly destroys him. Now the newest and youngest CEO of the Westin Foundation, his life is finally on track, until he comes face to face with the woman he's always loved. She has a lot of secrets and isn't the same as he remembers. Can his love mend her wounds? Or are there too many obstacles between them now? Madelyn Collier at sixteen years old snuck out in rebellion to attend a concert forbidden to her. Her life was changed forever that night. Humiliated and scared, barely surviving, she never returns home again. Living under a new name in the human world, Maddie harbors many secrets while battling severe anxiety and depression over the events that occurred. Is the damage too deep, or will she be able to open herself to love? Can they get past all that's happened to find their happily ever after? Contains mature themes.


Having an athletic stance is key in supporting the golf swing. So what is a balanced athletic stance? Here are a few quick keys to set you up for a more athletic stance.
Stand with your feet shoulder width apart. Slightly flex your knees. Bend from the hips rather than from the waist. The waist is up near your belly button and your hips are the area where your pants crease when you lift up your leg. If you want a physical cue for your bend at the hips, take a club and press it horizontally against your thighs and slide it up to where your pants crease when you lift your leg. Find this spot with the shaft and bend over from there. Then, take the club and place it in your hands correctly, letting the arms hang below your shoulders. Lean slightly toward the balls of the feet, but not on the toes!
In this position, you could play most any sport. If someone told you to drop the club and stay in that position, they could hand you a tennis racket and you would be in a balanced athletic position.
You could drop the racket and catch a box that is dropped from overhead. It is all about balance.


text:
Golf Database
Jay Hebert
Rate this Golfer1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Birth date 14 Feb 1923 (Deceased, was 74 years)
Nationality United States
Junius Joseph "Jay" Hebert was an American pro golfer who was born on February 14, 1923 in St. Martinville, Louisiana. He worked as a professional at the Mayfair Country Club where the Mayfair Inn Open tournament, a PGA Tour event, was played between 1955 and 1958. A valued member of the 1959 and 1961 Ryder Cup team, Hebert was also the team captain in 1971.
He served during the World War II, holding a captain rank in the U. S. Marines. He fought at the Battle of Iwo Jima in Japan where he suffered from a leg wound. When he returned to the United States, he was awarded with a Purple Heart – a decoration for those who got wounded or died during their service.
As a professional golfer, he won a total of 7 PGA Tour titles which included the following:
1957 Bing Crosby National Pro-Am
Golf Championship 1957 Texas Open
Invitational 1958 Lafayette Open
Invitational 1959 Orange County Open
Invitational 1960 PGA Championship
1961 Houston Classic 1961 American Golf Classic
Hebert's only major title was the 1960 PGA Championships played at the Firestone Country Club, South Course in Akron, Ohio, defeating Jim Ferrier of Australia. In his senior year in golf, he won the 1994 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf in the Demaret Division with Al Balding. His younger brother, Lionel Hebert, is also a pro golfer and a PGA Championship winner in 1957. Hebert died in Houston, Texas on May 25, 1997 at the age of 74.
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Elcid Investments delisting offer at Rs 11,455/share against last traded price of Rs 2.73
Our Bureau Chennai | Updated on February 21, 2013 Published on February 20, 2013
Sometimes holding on to a dud investment may also pay at the bourses. Elcid Investments provides one such rare opportunity for its shareholders. The promoters of the company, which last traded on September 19, 2011, at Rs 2.73 on the BSE, came out with a delisting offer at a floor price of Rs 11,455 a share.
The company has 229 retail shareholders who hold 40,200 shares, which is 20.1 per cent of its total paid-up capital share.
Currently, promoters hold 79.63 per cent (or 1.59 lakh shares).
"As per the explanation to the regulation 15(2) of the Delisting Regulations, the equity shares of Elcid Investments Ltd being infrequently traded, the floor price of the equity shares was determined by us in consultation with the manager of the offer to be Rs 11,455 per equity shares (floor price)," the company informed the BSE.
The floor price was arrived at as per the valuation report dated February 20 of SSPA & Co, Chartered Accountants, Mumbai, the company further said.
The BSE classified the company under 'Miscellaneous Commercial Services' sector and it trades under 'T-group' where delivery of shares is compulsory.
The company reported a revenue of Rs 24 lakh and a net profit of Rs 18 lakh for the September quarter.
For the financial year ended March 2012, it reported a net profit of Rs 10.26 crore on a revenue of Rs 10.64 crore. Earnings per share for FY12 stood at Rs 512.80.
badrinarayanan.ks@thehindu.co.in
asset management company
GoAir