This Government department (Animal and Plant Health Agency), through the Centre for International Trade in Carlisle, is responsible for overseeing the exports of food and products of animal origin. If you are applying for an export health certificate then they will issue it. Either contact them by email or on 0300200301.
With all the uncertainty for the future of export markets into the EU, establishing new trade partners outside the EU is the way companies are exploring to minimise the possible impact it may have. If you are looking into new markets, we can help you through the process. We also have our unique export map and tool to provide further help.
There are some many things that are being exported all around the world. Here at Amivet, we deal with a wide range of products from highly processed commodities like bottled sauces and delicious desserts through to leather, frozen meat cuts and milk. Meat and dairy are the two main exports, but we also deal with fish, eggs, hides and skins, gelatin, pet food, laboratory materials and much more.
As they say the devil is in the detail! All information supplied to us needs to be accurate and up-to-date otherwise there is a risk that the certificate may be incorrect and the consignment rejected. Not only does this lead to a loss of revenue to the exporter, it can jeopardise future exports. We will advise on what we need and must have the correct documents and any declarations must be word perfect.
That magic piece of paper that says your consignment has been inspected and complies with all the necessary requirements for entry into the importing country. This is produced by APHA and is the official document to complete, sign and stamp on your behalf. Most are still a printed copy, but some are issued electronically through TRACES.
International trade is truly global and new markets are opening up to UK exporters. If you have aspirations to venture into new areas we can work with you and our contacts at various export organisations such as AHDB and UKFDEA to help you explore the possibilities. We have been involved in getting some new EHCs drawn up for new markets or commodities.
To be continued…….but for further information about any aspect of exporting, please contact us here.


text:
AMA New York
Marketing Hall of Fame
Current Insights
Brilliance in Marketing
Executive Circle
Executive Circle Events
Being a Mentor
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Sponsored Webinars
Job Seekers, Welcome to AMA New York Career Center
Adjunct Faculty Position in Bus. Administration - Marketing
Augsburg University
The Department of Business Administration at Augsburg University invites applications for an adjunct faculty position to teach Market Research and International Marketing. The Market Research class meets online and the International Marketing class meets once a week in the evening.
Each course pays approximately $4250 and requires 12 to 15 hours per week. Responsibilities include grading and teaching the class, regular email access for students and office hours as needed. Course syllabus, textbook and shared office space are provided.
Augsburg's Business Department stresses active, experiential learning and is now housed in our newest building, the Hagfors Center for Science, Business and Religion. Faculty and students work with local businesses and nonprofits on projects both for classes and as internships or field studies. Our location in Minneapolis provides broad ranging opportunities for collaboration with industry partners as well as colleagues at the numerous colleges and universities in the Twin Cities.
Requirements for adjunct positions include a Master's degree or higher and 5 years of professional marketing experience. Some teaching experience preferred.
Among the distinctive features of the University are its deep dedication to civic and community engagement, robust undergraduate research programs, and a strong belief in the integration of liberal arts and professional studies across all programs. The University's commitment to the local neighborhood and the world is enhanced through the work of four signature centers: the Christensen Center for Vocation, the Center for Global Education, the Sabo Center for Citizenship and Learning, and the Strommen Center for Meaningful Work. Augsburg's commitment to diversity is reflected in the student body: for the past four years, students of color comprised nearly 40 percent of the incoming first-year class. With approximately 1,000 students living on campus, Augsburg engages students in a wide range of co-curricular activities, including NCAA Division III intercollegiate athletics. At both undergraduate and graduate levels, students actively engage in international travel and intercultural experiences that broaden their view of the world and deepen their engagement in it.
Augsburg's main campus is located in the vibrant Cedar-Riverside neighborhood of Minneapolis, one of the most diverse areas in the Twin Cities. The University of Minnesota West Bank campus and one of the city's largest medical complexes are adjacent to Augsburg; the Mississippi River and the Seven Corners Theatre district are just a few blocks away. In addition to its Minneapolis campus, Augsburg has a vibrant branch campus in Rochester, the fastest growing city in Minnesota and headquarters of the Mayo Health System. In addition to these locations, Augsburg owns and operates international sites in Mexico, Guatemala, and Namibia.
Augsburg is an equal opportunity employer and does not discriminate on the basis of gender, sexual orientation, marital status, gender identity, race, age, disability, religion, national origin, color or any other protected class. Successful candidates will have demonstrated abilities working in an academic community committed to intentional diversity. Candidates are thus encouraged to highlight skills and experiences that demonstrate intercultural competence.
To apply, please upload cover letter, CV, and transcripts (unofficial copies accepted for initial application; official transcripts will be required for hire) to: http://www.augsburg.edu/hr. As part of the online application process, you will be required to provide the names of three professional references. If your application advances in the search, you will be notified prior to Augsburg contacting your references. Applications will be reviewed immediately until positions are filled.
About Augsburg University
Augsburg University offers more than 50 undergraduate majors and nine graduate degrees to more than 3,500 students of diverse backgrounds. The student-faculty ratio is 13:1 and is characterized by strong teaching in small classes. The University's Mission Augsburg University educates students to be informed citizens, thoughtful stewards, critical thinkers, and responsible leaders. The Augsburg experience is supported by an engaged community that is committed to intentional diversity in its life and work. An Augsburg education is defined by excellence in the liberal arts and professional studies, guided by the faith and values of the Lutheran church, and shaped by its urban and global settings. The Campus Located in the heart of the Twin Cities, Augsburg's main campus surrounds Murphy Square, the oldest park in Minneapolis. The University of Minnesota West Bank campus and the University of Minnesota Fairview Medical Center are across the street from Augsburg, with the Mississippi River and the Seven Corners theatre district just a few blocks away. The 23-acre campus consists of a mix of historic and newer buildings that reflect the contemporary needs of the academic pr...ograms. Augsburg's newest signature academic building, the Hagfors Center for Science, Business, and Religion, opened for classes January 8, 2018. In addition to its Minneapolis campus, Augsburg has a location in Rochester, Minnesota, and maintains international sites and staff in Mexico, Nicaragua, and Namibia.
Connections working at Augsburg University
AMA New York Career Center is Just One of the Benefits.
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The mission of the American Marketing Association New York is to inspire, support and celebrate brilliance in marketing. Founded in 1931, the AMA New York is the principal community for marketing professionals across all industries and disciplines in the New York area. Offering programs, monthly events, and interaction with the chapter through volunteer activities, we provide marketers with an opportunity to increase their knowledge and reach in the marketing community. AMA New York is the creator of the Effies, the Greenbook and the new Marketing Hall of Fame, which honors outstanding marketers nationwide.
Copyright © 2017 American Marketing Association New York. All Rights Reserved. | Privacy Policy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Video of Police coast guard intercepting an unauthorised boat
VIDEO: SINGAPORE POLICE FORCE
Jan 14, 2020, 11:30 am SGT
https://str.sg/JqLX
Clara Chong
chongcjy@sph.com.sg
SINGAPORE - Three people were arrested on Sunday night (Jan 12) for allegedly entering Singapore illegally, the Police Coast Guard said on Monday.
They were a 44-year-old Indonesian man, a 41-year-old Indonesian woman and a 39-year-old Malaysian man.
The police said in a statement that the coast guard detected an unnumbered fibreglass boat at sea off Eastern Buoy, which is located off the coast of Changi, at 9.13pm on Sunday.
The Indonesian man and Malaysian man jumped off the boat while the woman remained on board. Shortly after, the Indonesian man swam back to the vessel.
The coast guard then intercepted the boat and arrested the two Indonesians who were on board, the police said.
The Malaysian man, believed to be the boatman, tried to flee by swimming away. He was later detained and arrested at sea, off Eastern Buoy.
Preliminary investigations revealed that the two Indonesians had intended to enter Malaysia illegally via the boat steered by the Malaysian man to seek employment.
The trio were arrested for illegally entering Singapore under the Immigration Act.
The Malaysian man is also being investigated for smuggling illegal immigrants into the country.
Two foreigners arrested for attempting to enter Singapore illegally after high-speed chase
Two Malaysian women arrested for attempting to smuggle a Bangladeshi man out of Singapore
They were charged in court on Tuesday morning.
Anyone found guilty of illegal entry into Singapore can be jailed for up to six months and get at least three strokes of the cane. Anyone found guilty of smuggling illegal immigrants can be jailed for between two and five years and get at least three strokes of cane.
Women cannot be caned.


text:
Exclusive interview with A. Martinsen
Eurolanche interviewed the recent acquisition of the Colorado Avalanche organization.
Colorado Avalanche recently signed one-year contract with Norwegian forward Andreas Martinsen. This news was firstly published as a rumor weeks ago at various websites including Eurolanche.com. Finally, the Avalanche made it official last week. As we informed you at our social networks on Facebook and Twitter, we knew about this acquisition earlier, but we wanted to wait until this interview for our announcement. Well, the Avs were faster. This interview was done in cooperation with Norwegian website www.icing.no where you can read it in the local language version.
Martinsen is 24 years old, but has never been drafted by any NHL team. He was considered to be a prospect for the import to the junior CHL in Canada, but it didn't happen either. Instead of it, he spent most of his career in Norway, playing for a local team of Lillehammer – the city hosted Winter Olympics in 1994. He was on try-out in Swedish second-tier league in 2009/10 season, but chose to come back to Norway for the next couple of years that became his best in his native country.
After two successful seasons, Martinsen continued his career in Germany, in the local top league in a jersey of Dusseldorf team. He spent last three years there. The past tone became the best for him without a question – 41 points in just 50 games and 5 points in 12 playoffs games. After that, he signed one-year, entry level and two-way contract with the Avalanche organization. Martinsen may become just third Norwegian player who would play for the Avalanche after Anders Myrvold and Jonas Holos. Andreas is very experienced national team player; he represented Team Norway at past six World Championships including this year edition.
Eliteprospects.com says about him: A large, tough forward with a good shot. Enjoys the physical part of the game and crashing the net. Has good speed and decent hands.
Why did you choose Colorado Avalanche? You had offers from Pittsburgh Penguins and New York Islanders as well.
It was the club with the best environment, and I felt it is a place where I have the best opportunity to get into the NHL-team. And also I know they need my type of a player for the roster.
Who in the Avalanche organization contacted you first?
Head of player development, David Oliver. This was in December 2014. He had a great influence on why I chose the Avalanche.
We read about you being signed by the Avalanche before the World Championship. Why it was announced just last week?
I honestly don't know exactly. It was some kind of the rule I think. I agreed with their offer before the tournament and signed it after. After our final game at the WCH, I could finally release this news. I signed with them right after.
If you made the Avs roster, you would not be the first Norwegian in their jersey.
Firstly, I have to say that even if didn't make the NHL roster on the first try, I would get what I love – I will be much closer to my dream and I will do anything for it. I am prepared. If I didn't make the roster, I am determined to stay and fight for the spot.
I talked with Jonas Holos about this. Holos wants to come back to Colorado, but only if they offered him one-way deal. I would like to see him there. But my situation is probably better for me now. I am almost 25 years old and I have never tried NHL before. Jonas did and he is older.
What is your natural position?
I prefer playing on RW, but LW is also possible for me. I also played on center position in Germany for one season.
You were close to being drafted to the CHL. Why it didn't happen?
Several teams were interested in me, but my then-agent didn't want to sign me for a bad team. So he said to other teams that I would probably not come to play to CHL. The agent was focused on Kitchener Rangers. They had interest in me, but hours before a draft they changed their opinion and chose somebody else. Other teams didn't pick me because heard rumor that I don't want to play in CHL. It was very disappointed to me, but also a good lesson too. I needed a wake-up call.
The second bad moment of your career came one year ago when you didn't play at the Olympics in spite of the fact you didn't miss any of World Championship since 2010.
I struggle little bit, but it was big disappointment to me that I wasn't in Sochi. I told myself I am going to show them they are wrong.
Who was your favorite team and player when you were young?
I liked the Avalanche logo and Peter Forsberg. Ever since I started to skate, I had one single dream: play in the best hockey league in the world, in the NHL.
How do you remember on your hockey childhood?
I couldn't wait to get to the rink. If I wasn't at the school or sleeping at home, I was skating. I just took my bag and ride a bike to the rink. I couldn't expect my mom and dad taking me every single day. They had to take care of about my siblings too.
Daniel of icing.no who has been a longtime friend of Eurolanche wrote us his own notes and impressions of the meeting with Martinsen:
- The time is 12 pm, Tuesday morning. The time I scheduled my meeting with Andreas. A text saying he was on his way ensures me that he didn't forget. Moments later he was present and with a friendly, but firm handshake the 190 cm tall power forward greets me before he sits down at the table in the local restaurant.
- Eager to talk as much as possible about hockey and what he could expect overseas, I smell freshly made waffles from the table next door and it reminds us that we are here to get something to eat too. One thing is for certain with hockey players, they love food and can never have enough. So to keep the big guy on the other side of the table happy, we better bring some food to the table.
- Martinsen's girlfriend wouldn't hate it if he is sent down to the AHL during the season. The reason is simple: she would love to see San Antonio, mainly because of the hot weather. For Martinsen himself, the choice is easy though; rather cold and NHL, than hot and AHL.
Analysing the Martinsen signing
Avalanche signs Martinsen
Another Norwegian in the NHL?
Eurolanche.com, Worldwide, eurolanche@eurolanche.com


text:
'use strict';

testCases.push(function (dbType, context) {

  var sortById = testUtils.sortById;

  describe(dbType + ': test.basic3.js', function () {

    beforeEach(function () {
      return context.db.bulkDocs([
        { name: 'Mario', _id: 'mario', rank: 5, series: 'Mario', debut: 1981, awesome: true },
        { name: 'Jigglypuff', _id: 'puff', rank: 8, series: 'Pokemon', debut: 1996,
          awesome: false },
        { name: 'Link', rank: 10, _id: 'link', series: 'Zelda', debut: 1986, awesome: true },
        { name: 'Donkey Kong', rank: 7, _id: 'dk', series: 'Mario', debut: 1981, awesome: false },
        { name: 'Pikachu', series: 'Pokemon', _id: 'pikachu', rank: 1, debut: 1996, awesome: true },
        { name: 'Captain Falcon', _id: 'falcon', rank: 4, series: 'F-Zero', debut: 1990,
          awesome: true },
        { name: 'Luigi', rank: 11, _id: 'luigi', series: 'Mario', debut: 1983, awesome: false },
        { name: 'Fox', _id: 'fox', rank: 3, series: 'Star Fox', debut: 1993, awesome: true },
        { name: 'Ness', rank: 9, _id: 'ness', series: 'Earthbound', debut: 1994, awesome: true },
        { name: 'Samus', rank: 12, _id: 'samus', series: 'Metroid', debut: 1986, awesome: true },
        { name: 'Yoshi', _id: 'yoshi', rank: 6, series: 'Mario', debut: 1990, awesome: true },
        { name: 'Kirby', _id: 'kirby', series: 'Kirby', rank: 2, debut: 1992, awesome: true },
        { name: 'Master Hand', _id: 'master_hand', series: 'Smash Bros', rank: 0, debut: 1999,
          awesome: false }
      ]);
    });

    it('should be able to search for numbers', function () {
      var db = context.db;
      var index = {
        "index": {
          "fields": ["rank"]
        }
      };
      return db.createIndex(index).then(function () {
        return db.find({
          selector: {rank: 12},
          fields: ['_id']
        }).then(function (response) {
          response.docs.should.deep.equal([
            {"_id": "samus"}
          ]);
        });
      });
    });

    it('should use $exists for an in-memory filter', function () {
      var db = context.db;
      var index = {
        "index": {
          "fields": ["rank"]
        }
      };
      return db.createIndex(index).then(function () {
        return db.find({
          selector: {rank: 12, name: {$exists: true}},
          fields: ['_id']
        }).then(function (response) {
          response.docs.should.deep.equal([
            {"_id": "samus"}
          ]);
        });
      });
    });

    it('should be able to search for 0', function () {
      var db = context.db;
      var index = {
        "index": {
          "fields": ["rank"]
        }
      };
      return db.createIndex(index).then(function () {
        return db.find({
          selector: {rank: 0},
          fields: ['_id']
        }).then(function (response) {
          response.docs.should.deep.equal([
            {"_id": "master_hand"}
          ]);
        });
      });
    });

    it('should be able to search for boolean true', function () {
      var db = context.db;
      var index = {
        "index": {
          "fields": ["awesome"]
        }
      };
      return db.createIndex(index).then(function () {
        return db.find({
          selector: {awesome: true},
          fields: ['_id']
        }).then(function (response) {
          response.docs.sort(sortById);
          response.docs.should.deep.equal([{"_id":"falcon"},{"_id":"fox"},{"_id":"kirby"},
            {"_id":"link"},{"_id":"mario"},{"_id":"ness"},{"_id":"pikachu"},
            {"_id":"samus"},{"_id":"yoshi"}]);
        });
      });
    });

    it('should be able to search for boolean true', function () {
      var db = context.db;
      var index = {
        "index": {
          "fields": ["awesome"]
        }
      };
      return db.createIndex(index).then(function () {
        return db.find({
          selector: {awesome: false},
          fields: ['_id']
        }).then(function (response) {
          response.docs.sort(sortById);
          response.docs.should.deep.equal([{"_id":"dk"},{"_id":"luigi"},
            {"_id":"master_hand"},{"_id":"puff"}]);
        });
      });
    });

    it('#73 should be able to create a custom index name', function () {
      var db = context.db;
      var index = {
        index: {
          fields: ["awesome"],
          name: 'myindex',
          ddoc: 'mydesigndoc'
        }
      };
      return db.createIndex(index).then(function () {
        return db.getIndexes();
      }).then(function (res) {
        var indexes = res.indexes.map(function (index) {
          return {
            name: index.name,
            ddoc: index.ddoc,
            type: index.type
          };
        });
        indexes.should.deep.equal([
          {
            name: '_all_docs',
            type: 'special',
            ddoc: null
          },
          {
            name: 'myindex',
            ddoc: '_design/mydesigndoc',
            type: 'json'
          }
        ]);
        return db.get('_design/mydesigndoc');
      });
    });

    it('#73 should be able to create a custom index, alt style', function () {
      var db = context.db;
      var index = {
        index: {
          fields: ["awesome"],
        },
        name: 'myindex',
        ddoc: 'mydesigndoc'
      };
      return db.createIndex(index).then(function () {
        return db.getIndexes();
      }).then(function (res) {
        var indexes = res.indexes.map(function (index) {
          return {
            name: index.name,
            ddoc: index.ddoc,
            type: index.type
          };
        });
        indexes.should.deep.equal([
          {
            name: '_all_docs',
            type: 'special',
            ddoc: null
          },
          {
            name: 'myindex',
            ddoc: '_design/mydesigndoc',
            type: 'json'
          }
        ]);
        return db.get('_design/mydesigndoc');
      });
    });

    it('#73 should be able to create a custom index, alt style 2', function () {
      var db = context.db;
      var index = {
        name: 'myindex',
        ddoc: 'mydesigndoc',
        fields: ["awesome"]
      };
      return db.createIndex(index).then(function () {
        return db.getIndexes();
      }).then(function (res) {
        var indexes = res.indexes.map(function (index) {
          return {
            name: index.name,
            ddoc: index.ddoc,
            type: index.type
          };
        });
        indexes.should.deep.equal([
          {
            name: '_all_docs',
            type: 'special',
            ddoc: null
          },
          {
            name: 'myindex',
            ddoc: '_design/mydesigndoc',
            type: 'json'
          }
        ]);
        return db.get('_design/mydesigndoc');
      });
    });

    it('#6277 selector as an empty object', function () {
      var db = context.db;
      return db.createIndex({
        index: {
          fields: ['rank', 'awesome']
        },
      }).then(function () {
        return db.find({
          selector: { rank: 8, awesome: null }
        });
      }).then(function () {
        return db.find({
          selector: { rank: 8, awesome: {} }
        });
      });
    });

  });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale Makes Its Debut In Geneva
From the moment the spotlight hits the new range – starting with the new Quattroporte, set to make its European debut at the Geneva Motorshow – Maserati also revamps those luxury sports models which provided the basis for the brand's growth.
In line with this philosophy, Geneva will see the world debut of the new four seater GranTurismo MC Stradale, the optimum expression of sportiness combined with the luxury of a coupé made in Modena. Although the new Quattroporte is the first Maserati to be built at the new Giovanni Agnelli plant in Grugliasco (Turin), the GranTurismo MC Stradale will in fact be built at the historic factory in viale Ciro Menotti in Modena.
Just like the previous two seater version, the new four seater GranTurismo MC Stradale takes its inspiration from the racing version which competes in the Maserati Trofeo Championship, offering the perfect combination of sportiness, luxury and elegance, comfort and style, functionality and dynamism – that can now be enjoyed by four people. The new aesthetic exterior features, with their clear racing edge, are highlighted by the new carbon fibre bonnet which frames a central air intake and two rear extractors and by the new forged 20″ alloy rims. The new GranTurismo MC Stradale boasts a cabin that has four comfortable seats and an interior design featuring new materials and style.
Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale
The new GranTurismo MC Stradale also features the 4.7 litre, 460 HP aspirated V8 engine which made its debut in the GranTurismo Sport and which is now fitted to the entire 4.7 litre GranTurismo range. Combined with an MC Race Shift 6-speed robotised manual gearbox, this engine ensures outstanding performance – with a top speed of 188 mph – which can be enjoyed in this new four passenger configuration. The safety of the vehicle is guaranteed by the Brembo carbon ceramic brake discs. The new GranTurismo MC Stradale also benefits from the work carried out on the latest engine range to reduce fuel consumption and emissions.
Source: Maserati
Tags: Geneva, Geneva Motor Show, GranTurismo, Maserati, Maserati GranTurismo, Maserati GranTurismo MC Stradale, MC, Motor Show, Stradale
Arden Jaguar AJ 20 RS with more than 600 HP
MINI John Cooper Works Paceman
Maserati celebrates the launch of Situ Live with the MC20


Boracay is a spectacular tropical island about one hour flight from Manila, Philippines. The long white sand beaches of Boracay rivals the best beaches in the more popular world beach destinations such as the Caribbean, the South Pacific as well as neighbouring Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.
Philippines What is happening on Boracay?
If you are up for a great adventure, here is a list of the most highly recommended activities and adventure packages to Boracay from Singapore that would make you trip an exciting and memorable one. Be sure to enquire your travel agency regarding the activities included in the packages to avoid any hassle when you get on the island. Once you visited Boracay, you will definitely want to come back.
Boracay is the place to be seen in summer. From March to May, locals travel to the island to escape the heat and get a tan. With almost guaranteed sunshine throughout these months, Filipinos take the opportunity to visit this famous destination and enjoy the waters.
Boracay is a busy Island. To ensure that you will have a place to stay during your vacation, make sure to book your hotel prior to your trip. A new policy states that any tourist will be asked at Jetty Port of their proof of booking in an accredited hotel/resorts in Boracay.


text:
Ind Vz NZ Kanpur Test Day 4: New Zealand 4/1 at Stumps
Pic Credits @ BCCI
India had the upper hand at the completion of the last session of the fourth day of the first Test at Green Park in Kanpur. New Zealand ended the day with a score of 4/1, chasing a target of 284 runs. Ravichandran Ashwin removed New Zealand opener, Will Young, just before stumps.
With 9 wickets in the hut, New Zealand will need to score 280 runs on the last day. In the third session, India declared their second innings at 234/7, leading by 283 runs.
After resuming at 14/1, India lost four wickets for a total of 70 runs in the morning session. Shreyas Iyer (65) was removed by Tim Southee after he had struck an important fifty. Iyer also made history by being the first Indian batter in Test history to score a century and a fifty on debut.
India was guided by Wriddhiman Saha (61 not out) and Axar Patel (28 not out). Kyle Jamieson and Tim Southee each took three wickets for New Zealand, while Azaj Patel took one.
Also Read: Ind vs NZ Test: Shreyas Iyer First Indian to Achieve This Feat
Earlier, India had taken a 49-run lead in the first innings thanks to Axar Patel's 5/62. New Zealand was all out for 269 in response to India's score of 345.
India vs New ZealandIndia vs New Zealand Test Series
R Madhavan And Anushka Sharma Introduce The World To The Latest Amazon Original Series, The Wheel Of Time
IND vs NZ Second Test,Day Two: India Lead By 332 Runs At Stumps
Black Caps Spinner Ajaz Patel Rewrites History With 10 Wickets in Ind Vs NZ Test
Who is Ajaz Patel, Mumbai Boy Who Made Kiwis Proud With Record Wickets Against India
Ajaz Patel Memes Flood Twitter Over Ind Vs NZ 2nd Test Match Performance
Ind vs NZ 2nd Test Day 1 Score:India 221/4 at Stumps


text:
Narratives of the International Legal Order and Why They Matter
Search articles of Erasmus Law Review
Article Narratives of the International Legal Order and Why They Matter
Article On Fragments and Geometry
Article The Value of Narratives
Article Through the Looking Glass of Global Constitutionalism and Global Administrative Law
Article International Criminal Law and Constitutionalisation
Article Revisiting the Humanisation of International Law: Limits and Potential
Authors Lucas Lixinski
Lucas Lixinski, "Narratives of the International Legal Order and Why They Matter", Erasmus Law Review, 1, (2013):2-5
Lucas Lixinski
Lecturer, University of New South Wales (Sydney, Australia); PhD in Law, European University Institute (Florence, Italy).
Much article and web space has been recently invested in investigating the nature of the international legal order, or, rather, in promoting specific visions of the international legal order. This special issue of the Erasmus Law Review (ELR) is yet another contribution to this growing body of literature, but one that adds a twist which, we believe, may contribute positively to these debates.
Before I get to that, though, let me just say that it has been a real intellectual treat and a challenge to be a guest editor to this issue of the ELR. I am deeply grateful to Prof. Dr. Ellen Hey for all of her support along the way, which makes her de facto the co-editor of this special issue. I have found our rapport most fruitful, and she has been essential to bringing the original idea for this issue to fruition.
Now, this issue starts from the assumption that current debates in international law seem to be informed by different narratives about the international legal order. These narratives about 'projects' of the international legal order are ways of thinking that in one way or another attempt at explaining the convergences and divergences of international legal rules and institutions. More importantly, another assumption underlying the impetus for this issue is that scholars who engage with these debates about broader notions of the international legal order most often engage with the ideas on a conceptual level, or from the perspective of what is commonly referred to as 'general' international law, often neglecting the contribution of 'specialised' fields of international law to these narratives or projects. This issue attempts to remedy that, by having articles written by scholars who engage in specialised fields of international law think about their areas as contributors not only to the broader international legal project, but also to one of the narratives of the legal international. The main narratives referred to can be roughly labeled as 'global administrative law', 'the constitutionalisation of international law', 'international legal pluralism', and 'the fragmentation of international law'.
In broad terms, global administrative law (GAL) seeks to map out the competence creep of different international institutions in relatively well-defined and contained fields of action, and how the action of international bureaucracies has contributed to the formation of an international legal order beyond the consent of states. This international legal order is patchy, composed of many small clusters of autonomous international normativity each residing in its own institutional setting, such as the United Nations Security Council, the World Bank or the World Health Organisation. The legal order portrayed resembles a pointillist painting, in which many small and seemingly unconnected points form a cohesive image, if seen from afar. Much of the GAL project, though, seems to be concerned with the stories about each of the points, not the bigger picture. Underlying these many smaller stories are common threads inquiring into the legitimacy and accountability of international organisations, and therein lies the main normative claim of the GAL narrative.
The constitutionalisation of international law, by contrast, is a more ambitious project, which argues that the international legal order beyond the state exists and has a backbone, a foundational set of norms. It assumes as a matter of fact that power is exercised at the international level, and argues normatively as to the content of basic norms. Scholars engaged in this narrative disagree as to the foundational set of norms, depending on their universalist or functionalist perspective, with proposed candidates for the backbone(s) varying from jus cogens norms to the UN Charter to the WTO Agreement to environmental regimes, or several of these. The constitutionalisation narrative in certain ways evokes Romanticist landscape painting, in which a grand theme, clearly central, orients the entirety of the painting, but in which the subject matter is idealised.
International legal pluralism is in many ways both narrative and counter-narrative. While much of the literature in this field seems to accept that there is such a thing as an international legal order, international legal pluralism is dedicated to a critique of the hegemonic tendencies of this order. In particular, of its impulse to turn the international legal order into simply a reproduction of European (or Western) understandings of international law, and imposing them on the rest of the world for the sake of an illusory unity. International legal pluralism rightly points out that the narrative of the constitutionalisation of international law draws almost exclusively on European constitutional models (often the German model). Despite this critique, there seems to be a faith in an international legal order beyond the object of critique, but it is one that must take into account the specificities of a broader spectrum of membership, to include the hitherto unheard voices. The pluralist narrative starts from the assumption that there is a global society, and that it is pluralistic and unequal, in the sense that not all voices are given equal weight. It then uses this assumption to normatively argue for the use of law as a venue for hearing otherwise sidelined voices. To a certain extent, the international legal pluralism narrative connects to the Cubistic school of painting, showing us a variety of perspectives on one and the same object, but in the process loosing cohesiveness.
Lastly, the fragmentation of international law is seen mostly as a counter-narrative to unity projects. It argues that, as a matter of fact, international bodies multiply, spheres of competence overlap, and there is little to no concerted action in the way of finding some coherence amidst this cacophony of international legal norms and institutions. It largely provides a realist account of international legal order and as far as instruments for maintaining unity are concerned it points to a few basic rules about the interrelationship of rules of law, such as systemic integration, which is the main suggestion of the International Law Commission's Report on the subject. Fragmentation narratives resemble a painting in the realist tradition, showing a crystal clear picture of an object, with every crack and cranny that is to be discerned, but the bigger picture often remaining obscure. Realism in painting works largely as a reaction to Romanticism, to the same extent that fragmentation is a reaction to constitutionalisation, but the realist painting, like fragmentation, declares as part of its agenda to have no agenda but the faithful depiction of the subjects, and because of that is susceptible to being captured by any agenda.
These descriptions are, of course, broad generalisations, and scholars who associate themselves with anyone of these narratives may find the above characterisations over-simplistic. But they should suffice for our present purposes. What is important to highlight is that each of these narrative projects brings different elements to the table, by focusing on different methods, actors, political projects and general assumptions about international law and its role.
This issue of ELR proposes to explore the contributions of the various narratives about the international legal order to debates on specific areas of international law. By doing so, we hope to be able to show the impacts of these different narratives in the interpretation and application of international law.
1. The Post-State Move in These Narratives
All of these four narratives to a certain extent respond to a need to affirm the international legal universe as a post-state sort of order. The big question is who the actors succeeding states are, and, to that, each project has a different alternative.
Monika Ambrus's contribution, discussing global water governance through the lenses of both GAL and constitutionalisation, speaks loudly to this point. She reminds us that international law (in her case, international water law), due to a pressing need to affirm its relevance, has attempted to free itself from the 'inter-state' logic that had been around since there was such a thing as international law. Nikolas Rajkovic also reminds us of that, in discussing the 'archaeology' (in the Foucauldian sense) of the notion of fragmentation and the use of spatial metaphors to explain the international legal order.
Ambrus, in focusing on the constitutionalisation and GAL narratives of the international legal order, makes the fairly intuitive transition from the particular to the more general; in other words, she starts from the assumption that both the constitutionalisation and the GAL narratives shift their attentions away from states and towards international institutions. These international institutions can hold their subjects (the states who until recently were the equal sovereign masters of the international legal order) to account, and thereby advance a project of the legal international. The fragmentation (counter-)narrative, on the other hand, instead of focusing on institutions, rather focuses on regimes. This may seem like a trivial distinction (after all, regimes are implemented by institutions), but it also highlights the fact that the fragmentation project is, first and foremost, an epistemological one, as opposed to, for instance, GAL, which presents a much more teleological means of telling the same story (at least to the extent it is more concerned with the actual purposes it assigns international law, instead of 'apolitically' debating its classification).
And then there is pluralism, which, as we will see below, does not go towards the more general, and, rather, goes to the more specific. Because it argues in favor of forgotten voices, a natural step in executing the pluralist project is to penetrate and debunk the 'singularity' of the state, identifying internal dissonances, and asking social movements, rather than official state authorities, about the goals of the international legal project. By creating smaller units, the pluralist project in fact opens an avenue for the total reconfiguration of the composition of the international legal order. Not only are social movements within a state brought into the mix, but they are also allowed to group themselves across those (now meaningless) borders. Transnational social movements become the actor of choice, and thus, in a way, the international legal project is democratised. Of course, the risk is that it loses any semblance of coherence, because of the many configurations of social movements, and the fact that the same individual has multiple facets to its identity, and can therefore be represented simultaneously by many different social movements.
That is one aspect of 'bottom-up' revision of traditional categories of actors in accounts of the international legal order. The other one is folded into a subset of the constitutionalisation narrative, under the term 'humanisation' of international law. Vassilis Tzevelekos' contribution engages precisely with this idea, focusing on the contribution of international human rights law to the humanisation of international law, and, consequently, the place of human rights in a constitutionalist account of the international legal order. He discusses how humanisation challenges the horizontality of international law (in the sense of it being based on relations between equally sovereign states), but, at the end of the day, still falls short, because humanisation is for the most part restricted to international human rights law, and the spillover effects into general international law have, he suggests, been overestimated. Even if some would also argue international criminal law1xAntonio Cassese, The Human Dimension of International Law: Selected Papers, 2008. and international heritage law2xFrancesco Francioni, 'The Human Dimension of International Cultural Heritage Law: An Introduction', EJIL, 22(1) (2011), 9–16. as participating in the humanisation of international law, this is still only a small subset of international law, and not enough to, in a constitutionalist framework, challenge the state-centric nature of international law from below the state. What we are left with are, again, institutions. The biggest contribution of international human rights law, Tzevelekos argues, was to create the idea of an 'international community' through the notion of erga omnes obligations.
2. The Colonial and Emancipatory Potentials of Narratives
Nikolas Rajkovic's contribution discusses the notion of spatial metaphors applied to international law, and how, when 'fragmentation' came along in the international legal vernacular, the very choice of word implied an uncritical acceptance of fragmentation as continuity, but disguised as change. The only change here is that international law's traditional division into territorial states shifted towards a division into legal regimes. But that change undermined any subversive potential there could have been to fragmentation as a means to explain the international legal order, and thus the idea of fragmentation as a counter-narrative to the notion of an international legal order does not hold true; in fact, fragmentation is, too, a project that constitutes a legal order, even if it is one made of a different element (regimes, as opposed to states). If the shift towards regimes could add some emancipatory potential to international law, the fact that those are the same unchallenged regimes imposed by colonisers is problematic, especially if one considers that the move from states to regimes in fact cloaks these regimes in a veneer of 'apolitical neutrality', while in effect perpetuating the politics of the (imperially-minded) states that established those regimes to begin with.
In this sense, fragmentation, much like constitutionalisation, is related to a Cartesian / Positivist logic that seems at odds with reality, at least to the extent this logic can seem as effecting a white, male, property-owner mentality reminiscent of those whose ideas mattered when Cartesian thought first came about in the 17th century.
As a response to this Cartesian logic, the only challenger seems to be international legal pluralism. Legal pluralism is often hailed as a powerful means to critique and save the international legal order from itself (thereby reconstituting it). Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL), for instance, an increasingly influential critical school of thought in international legal scholarship, seems to embody this proposition, to the extent it proposes that international law opens its metaphorical ears to voices coming from the third world, often forgotten by a set of international legal regimes and institutions created by, and for, imperial (or imperially-minded) states. Notably, while TWAIL began as a critique of how third world states should be brought into the conversation, second-generation TWAIL focuses instead on how non-state actors (in particular social movements) are in fact the voices excluded from international law, at least if one considers how susceptible (third world) state authorities are to influence by other (first world) state authorities and actors (legal or illegal).3xB.S. Chimni, 'Third World Approaches to International Law: A Manifesto', International Community Law Review, 3 (2006).
If we are on board with the notion of (second generation) TWAIL as mirroring a trend in international legal pluralist debate, the critique is laid out. The big question that remains is what that reconstituted order would look like. In other words, what is the international law narrated through the lenses of pluralism?
The big problem with trying to answer this question is that it commits the narrative to a certain project of the international legal order. And this commitment, as Marjan Ajevski argues in his article in this issue, engenders an attempt at hegemony. If constitutionalism and fragmentation, as we saw above, represents a hegemonic commitment to a Western European mode of thought, pluralism, if taken beyond the point of critique, also becomes hegemonic the moment it commits to a set of values and normative assumptions. Ajevski's article focuses primarily on the constitutional narrative as applied to the field of international criminal law, but he extends this suggestion to the other narratives as well.
3. Pluralism (from Below) or Fragmentation (from Above)? Perspectives
Perhaps because of the hegemonic critique made by Ajevski, there is no agreement as to what the content or normative aspiration of any of these narratives is. I outlined above that the characterisations this introduction works with are rough and borderline caricatures, but nowhere is this clearer than in the realm of international legal pluralism, especially if one considers the definition of pluralism in European legal circles.
'Constitutional pluralism', described in Surabhi Ranganathan's article as a 'fabulous creature' (in the same way you would describe a dragon or a unicorn as a fabulous creature, out of a fable), has long been advocated by the European Union (EU). 'Constitutional pluralism' is the notion that the constitutional vision for the EU is in fact attentive to its own democratic deficit, and addresses it by being more deferential to national courts. However, the problem here is precisely that EU constitutional pluralism is by definition court-centric, whereas pluralism is about bringing non-state actors into the conversation. Courts in dialogue with themselves only reinforce pre-existing institutional structures, and thereby 'constitutional pluralism' is only another version of constitutionalism. The appropriation of the pluralist terminology means the EU lending itself some of the pluralist narrative's credibility, while in effect doing nothing to actually correct its own imbalances.
More than a terminological misuse, though, what this example shows is that there is an inherent problem in these narratives with definition and perspectives. For instance, something that can look like pluralism from below looks like fragmentation from above. As discussed above, the analytical tools are somewhat different (a critical ontology for pluralism, a reaffirming epistemology for fragmentation), as is the focus (actors versus regimes), but these are more reflective of the politics of each narrative than of the situation on the ground. In other words, a situation can be told by each of these lenses very similarly, but lead to entirely opposite normative judgments, depending on the value (pluralism is good, fragmentation is bad) and political (pluralism is openly leftist, fragmentation is self-purportedly 'neutral') ascribed to each of these narratives.
At the same time, as Surabhi Ranganathan's contribution points out, the implementation of pluralism entails a framing of the terms of the debate, and that means accepting notions that are indigenous to GAL. So, what from the outside (conceptualisation) is pluralism, from the inside (implementation) becomes GAL.
Surabhi Ranganathan's contribution discusses the India-US Nuclear Deal from the points of view of the four narratives that are the object of this special issue. Starting from what seems to be its conventional telling as an example of fragmentation of international law, Ranganathan deconstructs that telling, and proceeds to narrate the deal respectively through the lenses of pluralism, constitutionalisation and GAL. And, in narrating the deal as an instance of pluralism, she reminds us that GAL techniques can give direction to the potential for contestation offered by pluralism (even if it does imply making a choice in favor of institutions). In this sense, perspectives become not only different sides to the same object, but can translate into mutually reinforcing means to address the same legal problem.
A possible extrapolation of this notion of mutual reinforcement is that one narrative might engender the other. For instance, if one looks at a certain area of international law narrated as a constitutional project, there are two ways in which this story can be told: one is the area being as contributing to a constitutional project of the whole of international law; and the other is that of the area as constitutional within itself. The former is the subject of Tzevelekos' article, and he is overall positive about the contribution of human rights to the wider international legal order (even if he is wary about this contribution being over-hyped). The latter, despite being a legitimate way of telling a constitutional version of (a part of) international law, necessarily engenders the fragmentation of the broader legal project, as it creates an autonomous, self-sufficient field of international law in relation to the others. This idea, and its many dangers, is evoked in Marjan Ajevski's discussion of international criminal law as a constitutional project.
4. Narrating the Legal International?
This brief introduction aimed at bringing together points of intersection among the articles that follow, and also raise some broader issues about the notion of an international legal order and the ways in which we tell its story. It is not my intention to provide any answers to any of the issues raised here; rather, the intent of this introduction, and of this entire special issue, is to plant seeds that hopefully will blossom into critical engagement with these narratives of the international legal order.
If you do not think your work in international law engages with any of these notions, think again. Work on international legal issues necessarily advances a notion of the international legal order, whether the author is conscious of that or not. Our hope with this introduction and the articles that follow is to make the reader aware of that, and have you consciously make a choice about what international legal order, if any, you hope to achieve at the end of the day, should your (our!) ideal succeed. I hope you enjoy the reading!
1 Antonio Cassese, The Human Dimension of International Law: Selected Papers, 2008.
2 Francesco Francioni, 'The Human Dimension of International Cultural Heritage Law: An Introduction', EJIL, 22(1) (2011), 9–16.
3 B.S. Chimni, 'Third World Approaches to International Law: A Manifesto', International Community Law Review, 3 (2006).


I need him in my life. In awkward situations he is a life saver and never boring with his wealth of ideas. If I am not enjoying my company he makes whoever it is feel less important by his constant presence. Everyday he comes up with these great ideas for short weekend trips or cozy Italian dinners.
He never forgets what I tell him or what I give him. The only time I had a fight with him was the time he was too stubborn to forget. Well that was my fault. I over indulged him with too much information. I have yet to be forgiven for some of my childish mistakes. I think he simply puts it in the back burner somewhere and we are good again.
I also feel well read these days thanks to him. He subtly brings up books and stuff to read. He does not push it or anything. He just pops it up amidst conversation. I am able to read summaries of Jane Austen's classics.
Sometimes I feel exhausted, beat-up with red eyes and all. He has issues with overloading me with some things I simply don't have to know or hear. He is addictive! I am telling you he is like a drug readily available in my pocket. He could also be too clingy at times insisting to sit on my lap even in public. I am the type that does not show affection in public.
Everything seems to go in a daze these days. I can't stand people. I can't stand how slow they move. He has become my point of reference and I keep comparing his efficiency with them and they fail miserably. He is so self organized as well.
I sometimes don't have a recollection of what I did to entertain myself before we started hanging out. I also fear that people will start saying I am with him all the time minamin. My best friend says I am just another girl to him. She says that I am just using him to fill void from daily life. She complains that we don't spend time like we use to because of him.
He also values old friends and family. I spent virtual time with old friends because of him. I have also avoided friends because of him. Life without him is unthinkable and comparable with the dark ages. Hold on …what was the real story behind the dark ages anyway…?
I have to ask him that too. I told you he is like an addictive drug but his side effects are starting to work adversely. He is my source of everything. I see the world through his eyes. Help me! How do I go on with this affair???????????
Published by biskut October 14th, 2010	in Dating and Personal.
does this mean its a real person?
I love it how she made it sound like the perfect gentelman (human)…however, she is writing about her LABTOP!
Awwww…Bikute…I'd like to make it my wishima plz….
By the way, is he a.k.a IT an ipod or a laptop?
Wushima sounds dirty but it is a legitimate Amharic word isn't it ?
BTW his name is MESHESHA .
Forget the old one .We can make new history .It's all on your finger tips.
Ok, partly been done, B!
following up "I also feel well read" with "I am able to read summaries of Jane Austen's classics." niiiiice…I am noticing how my 'well read-ness" is a sham, I mean its been a minute since I actually read the works but more like the summaries about the work. Its like refusing to look at a painting rather sending someone else to see it for you and describe what they saw, not necessary when you have perfectly good eyes.
People are reading critiques and summaries these days and feeling well read.it is a shame .
It's the internet/google/laptop biskut is talking about.good read.
Nice biskut… your companion sounds just like mine except mine is a "she".
sounds to me like 'he' must be yr iPad!
hmmmmm, nice piece. Although, it reminds me of another piece on bernos. from a while ago. what was it again? yeah…..uncanny…..
Aw, this was a very nice post. In thought I wish to put in writing like this additionally – taking time and precise effort to make a very good article… but what can I say… I procrastinate alot and under no circumstances appear to get something done.
Thank you, I have recently been looking for information approximately this topic for a long time and yours is the best I've discovered till now. However, what about the conclusion? Are you certain in regards to the supply?
Thanks for the great website you've set up at bernos.com. Your enthusiasm is definitely contagious. Thanks again!


COURT SINDROME for SSSTENDHAL Mag.
@juliapunet wearing Peter Sposito dress at Vogue's street style.
About LaJuan está de moda.
@alexdelacroix Wearing Peter Sposito total look at Vogue "Who's on next 2017" party.
"TIMES MIXTURE" for Vision Mag China.
and Lukas P. (Blow Models).


text:
'Extremely dangerous': Police probe as firework thrown from moving car in Kirkton
By James Simpson
October 26 2021, 6.59pm Updated: October 27 2021, 7.17am
The firework was thrown on Beauly Avenue.
Police are investigating claims that a firework was thrown from a moving car on a street in Kirkton in Dundee.
The incident reportedly took place on Beauly Avenue at around 7pm on Monday.
It is understood a teenager was targeted, but there have been no reports of any injuries.
However local councillor Kevin Keenan says the consequences could have been devastating.
Councillor Kevin Keennan has criticised those involved in the incident.
He said: "Fireworks are explosives and should they hit someone there could be serious consequences.
"People could be left with injuries for the rest of their life, all because someone thinks it's funny.
"I would say this is one of the worst incidents that I've heard of – it's an extremely dangerous practice.
"We had another report of a firework being launched at a newsagent in recent days as well in Dundee.
Councillor hits out at 'stupidity'
"You wonder how those responsible would act if their family member was on the receiving end of such a prank.
"I hope the police are able to track the individuals down those responsible and hold them to account for their stupidity."
A Police Scotland spokesman said: "We can confirm that officers in Dundee are investigating a report of a firework being thrown from a moving vehicle on Beauly Avenue, around 7pm on Monday.
"Inquiries into the incident are ongoing."
Police were called to several incidents in the same area last year involving fireworks.
New regulations on use of fireworks
It comes as new regulations have come into force in Scotland on the use of fireworks.
It limits their use to between 6pm and 11pm, extended to midnight on days including Bonfire Night and Hogmanay.
But Scottish ministers have vowed to introduce more regulations in the coming months.
Meanwhile the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service is urging people not to host their own displays this year, despite the cancellation of major events, including in Dundee and Perth.
On November 5 last year there were 12 attacks on firefighters, who responded to 1,100 calls within an eight-hour period.
Beauly Avenue
Kirkton


Michael Wood '06 is a professional actor who can perform in three languages. He is fluent in French but also speaks Italian, so his voice is clearly very important to him. "However," he said, "if I lost my voice tomorrow and couldn't speak any language, I should still be able to tell a story."
Wood recently visited the Bowdoin campus, where he conducted student workshops in French and Italian, as well as English. He also delivered a public talk, mostly in French, on physical theater, although he described it as more of a masterclass than a lecture. Physical theater is an art form Wood began studying seriously when he went to live in Paris after graduating from Bowdoin, having earned a double major in French and English combined with theater studies.
"I studied at the École Jacques Lecoq, an international school that specializes in physical theater and where we learned about movement and mime. Not the Marcel Marceau, man-in-a-box-type mime, but mime as a tool for actors on stage, to help them connect with the audience." Paris was already familiar ground for Wood, who spent his junior year studying abroad there. He has returned on several occasions over the years, for two or three months at a time.


text:
HTC 10 and JBL Reflect Aware C earbuds promo: review and prices
HTC 10 and JBL Reflect Aware C earbuds promo review and prices. Image credit: APK Paid.
HTC launched the JBL Reflect Aware C earbuds last week, and the company is giving them away for free with the purchase of the HTC 10 from its website to celebrate the launch of the new product.
The USB Type-C earbuds price is of $199 individually and the HTC 10 price is of $699 (Last month the company had it with a $100 off discount, but it is back to normal).
Besides the free earbuds, with the purchase of the HTC 10, the company is giving $100 of accessory credit to spend in as many accessories.
According to the company, anyone who buys the smartphone from a retail partner will get the $100 credit once the device is registered on HTC.com. If people want the USB Type-C earbuds for free, they have to buy the smartphone directly from HTC.com.
The promotion will last for the rest of the month, or until the supplies run out.
JBL Reflect Aware C Earphones are good for exercising
The earbuds were listed on HTC's website since the release of the HTC 10, but it was not until last week that they were available for purchase. They were made specifically for devices with a USB Type-C port, and they come with reflective cables and an in-line microphone.
They have 14.8 mm dynamic drivers, frequency response of 10 Hz to 22 Hz and are sweat proof. They also have an active noise cancellation and adaptive noise control.
With all of these features, they are considered an excellent option for those who like to exercise and focus on the music while working out.
HTC 10 smartphone specifications
The HTC 10 smartphone was released in May 2016, and it comes with a Super LCD5 capacitive touchscreen and a 1440×2560 resolution display.
It runs on Android 6.0 Marshmallow, and it has 4 GB of RAM, 32 GB or 64 GB of internal storage and a microSD slot that supports up to 256 GB. The phone features the powerful quad-core Kryo and Qualcomm Snapdragon 820.
It has a 12 MP camera, and it comes with a non-removable Li-Ion 3000 mAh battery that can last up to 27 hours of talk time
It has a fingerprint sensor, accelerometer, gyro, proximity sensor and a compass. It also comes with Bluetooth connection and, of course, the USB Type-C connector for the JBL earbuds.
Source: Droid Life
With 13.2 Million Users, Apple News Beats BBC as Most-Popular News App in the UK
Nissan, Renault and Mitsubishi Alliance to Invest $23 Billion on Developing EVs
Using Move to iOS App, Android Users May Soon Migrate WhatsApp Chat to iPhones
BlackBerry Decommissions All Devices and Legacy Services as From January 4
Mary Gay Scanlon Who Sponsored Police Reform Bill Carjacked; Five Suspects Arrested
DuckDuckGo to Launch Desktop Browser with Enhanced Privacy, Speed, Functionality


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1,394 Full-Text Articles 2,384 Authors 654,662 Downloads 116 Institutions
Bohr, Qbism, And Beyond, Chapman University
Bohr, Qbism, And Beyond
2019 Copenhagen Interpretation and Beyond Conference
After discussing the reasons for Bohr's alleged obscurity, I present in outline the brilliant fabric of his thought. After a cursory evaluation of the period between the passing of Bohr and the advent of QBism, during which interpreting quantum mechanics became a growth industry, I present QBism as a promising solution to the resulting quagmire. If Kant's theory of science was the first great stride in human understanding and Bohr's insight into the contextuality of phenomena was the second, QBism is the third. It affords a first empirical glimpse into the mysterious relation between the world of science and what …
University Physics I: Classical Mechanics, Julio Gea-Banacloche University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
University Physics I: Classical Mechanics, Julio Gea-Banacloche
This is a textbook for the first semester of University Physics for scientists and engineers. It covers classical mechanics, and a brief introduction to thermodynamics. The presentation and approach are similar to Mazur's "The Principles and Practice of Physics," in that conservation laws are introduced before forces, and one-dimensional systems thoroughly covered before moving to two dimensions. Although the course is "calculus based," the book has been written with the understanding that many students may be taking calculus simultaneously as a corequisite, so the use of calculus is relatively sparse.
This revised version (Fall 2019) takes into account a number …
Understanding And Design Of An Arduino-Based Pid Controller, Dinesh Bista Virginia Commonwealth University
Understanding And Design Of An Arduino-Based Pid Controller, Dinesh Bista
This thesis presents research and design of a Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) controller that uses a microcontroller (Arduino) platform. The research part discusses the structure of a PID algorithm with some motivating work already performed with the Arduino-based PID controller from various fields. An inexpensive Arduino-based PID controller designed in the laboratory to control the temperature, consists of hardware parts: Arduino UNO, thermoelectric cooler, and electronic components while the software portion includes C/C++ programming. The PID parameters for a particular controller are found manually. The role of different PID parameters is discussed with the subsequent comparison between different modes …
Equilibrium Of Rigid Bodies, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Equilibrium Of Rigid Bodies
Calculus-Based General Physics
Most of the objects that one sees are in a state of equilibrium, that is, at rest or in a state of uniform motion. Many man-made structures are designed to achieve and sustain a state of equilibrium, and this, in turn, sets requirements to the materials (their sizes and shapes) that can be used. This module will give you some practice in analyzing the forces that result in equilibrium. From this analysis, if you are given the values of an appropriate set of forces you can find the remaining ones. On the other hand, in designing a stable system you …
Temperature, Heat, And Thermodynamics: First Law, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Temperature, Heat, And Thermodynamics: First Law
How can we keep track of energy as it is transferred from one system to another? How can we calculate the amount of internal energy -- a quantity that seems to be hidden within the very "guts" of matter? Further, what is the difference between temperature and heat, and between heat and work?
This module focuses on the first of two central thermodynamic principles: the conservation of energy, or, as it is sometimes called, the first law of thermodynamics. The second basic principle, which deals with the inevitable increase of a quantity called entropy, is the subject of another module …
Rectilinear Motion, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Rectilinear Motion
How long does it take you to go home? This depends on how far you are from home (displacement), how fast (velocity) you can travel, and how often you must start and stop (acceleration).
This module treats kinematics, which is the part of physics concerned with the description of the motion of a body. The body may be an automobile, a baseball, a raindrop, a flower in the wind, or a running horse. The change in position of a body can be described in terms of the vector quantities: displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Calculus can be used to define the …
Kinetic Theory Of Gases, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
As you read this sentence you will experimentally demonstrate the general gas law at least once by breathing in and out. As you expand the volume in your lungs, the pressure drops and air comes in; as you decrease the lung volume the pressure rises and air goes out. Pressure (p) and volume (V) are related; at constant temperature, pV = const.
This relation, called Boyle's law, was well established before the atomic theory of matter was accepted. In this module you will learn how to apply much of your knowledge of Newton's laws, kinetic energy, momentum, and elastic collisions …
The Non-Local Universe: The New Physics And Matters Of The Mind, Robert Nadeau, Menas Kafatos Chapman University
The Non-Local Universe: The New Physics And Matters Of The Mind, Robert Nadeau, Menas Kafatos
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Books and Book Chapters
Classical physics states that physical reality is local, or that a measurement at one point in space cannot cannot influence what occurs at another beyond a fairly short distance. Until recently this seemed like an immutable truth in nature. However, in 1997 experiments were conducted in which light particles (photons) originated under certain conditions and traveled in opposite directions to detectors located about seven miles apart. The amazing results indicated that the photons "interacted" or "communicated" with one another instantly or "in no time," leading to the revelation that physical reality is non-local--a discovery that Robert Nadeau and Menas Kafatos …
Open Discussion, Chapman University
Moderator: Eric Strauss, Ph.D., CURes, Loyola Marymount University
All Articles in Other Physics
1,394 full-text articles. Page 1 of 56.
Denoising And Deconvolving Sperm Whale Data In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico Using Fourier And Wavelet Techniques, Kendal McCain Leftwich 2022 University of New Orleans, New Orleans
Denoising And Deconvolving Sperm Whale Data In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico Using Fourier And Wavelet Techniques, Kendal Mccain Leftwich
University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations
The use of underwater acoustics can be an important component in obtaining information from the oceans of the world. It is desirable (but difficult) to compile an acoustic catalog of sounds emitted by various underwater objects to complement optical catalogs. For example, the current visual catalog for whale tail flukes of large marine mammals (whales) can identify even individual whales from their individual fluke characteristics. However, since sperm whales, Physeter microcephalus, do not fluke up when they dive, they cannot be identified in this manner. A corresponding acoustic catalog for sperm whale clicks could be compiled to identify individual …
Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations With Spectral Two-Moment Neutrino Transport, Ran Chu 2022 University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations With Spectral Two-Moment Neutrino Transport, Ran Chu
The primary focus of this dissertation is to develop a next-generation, state-of-the-art neutrino kinetics capability that will be used in the context of the next-generation, state-of-the-art core-collapse supernova (CCSN) simulation frameworks \thornado\ and \FLASH.\index{CCSN} \thornado\ is a \textbf{t}oolkit for \textbf{h}igh-\textbf{or}der \textbf{n}eutrino-r\textbf{ad}iation hydr\textbf{o}dynamics, which is a collection of modules that can be incorporated into a simulation code/framework, such as \FLASH, together with a nuclear equation of state (EOS)\index{EOS} library, such as the \WeakLib\ EOS tables. The first part of this work extends the \WeakLib\ code to compute neutrino interaction rates from~\cite{Bruenn_1985} and produce corresponding opacity tables.\index{Bruenn 1985} The processes of emission, …
Design And Fabrication Of A Low-Cost Dip Coating System For Depositing Homogeneous And Transparent Zno Thin Films, Asaad S. Yasir, Basheer M. Hussein, Ammar S. Hameed, Noor J. Ridha, Firas K. Mohamad Alosfur, Khawla J. Tahir, Rajaa A. Madlol 2022 Department of Physics/ College of Science/ University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq.
Design And Fabrication Of A Low-Cost Dip Coating System For Depositing Homogeneous And Transparent Zno Thin Films, Asaad S. Yasir, Basheer M. Hussein, Ammar S. Hameed, Noor J. Ridha, Firas K. Mohamad Alosfur, Khawla J. Tahir, Rajaa A. Madlol
Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences
ZnO has a resistivity of up to 104 Ω cm-1 in most cases. Nevertheless, by increasing the layer thickness, the resistivity decreases as well, resulting in greater current transport. The dip coating system was developed to prepare the ultra-thin film, it relied on a controller, stepper motor and some low-cost recycled materials. Thin films of ZnO were successfully deposited on indium tin oxide substrates. The effects of the dipping cycles were investigated. Dipping processes were applied several times (1, 2, and 3) for the same concentrations (0.1) M to obtain homogeneous thin films. X-ray diffraction showed that the structure of …
Thermal Degradation Of Erythritol, Sudheendra Gamoji 2022 California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Thermal Degradation Of Erythritol, Sudheendra Gamoji
The Insulated Solar Electric Cooker (ISEC) is a double walled Aluminum pot with a resistive heater directly connected to a solar panel whose goal is to create and disseminate cheap solar cookers in rural areas that primarily rely on biomass for cooking. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) like Erythritol, a sugar substitute, take a tremendous amount of energy to melt, and when they solidify they release the energy. Through the use of PCMs, the ISECs will produce enough heat to cook food even after the sun sets. However, PCMs like Erythritol degrade over repeated heat exposure, so the purpose of this …
An Interactive Simulation And Visualization Tool For Conventional And Aberration-Corrected Transmission Electron Microscopy, Xingzhong Li 2022 University of Nebraska - Lincoln
An Interactive Simulation And Visualization Tool For Conventional And Aberration-Corrected Transmission Electron Microscopy, Xingzhong Li
Faculty Publications from Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience
Contrast transfer function (CTF) is a vital function in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It expresses to what extent amplitudes converted from the phase changes of the diffracted waves contribute to the TEM image, including the effects of lens aberrations. Simulation is very helpful to understand the application of the function thoroughly. In this work, we develop the CTFscope as a component in the Landyne software suite, to calculate the CTF with temporal and spatial dumping envelopes for conventional TEM and to extend it to various aberrations (up to fifth order) for aberration-corrected (AC)- TEM. It also includes effects on the …
Comparative Photovoltaics Of P3ht:N2200 And P3ht: Small-Gap Fullerene Ethyl-Nipecotate Bulk Heterojunction Structures, Md. Nasir Uddin, Rafiqul Islam, Muhibur Rahman, Nazia Chawdhury 2022 Department of Physics, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
Comparative Photovoltaics Of P3ht:N2200 And P3ht: Small-Gap Fullerene Ethyl-Nipecotate Bulk Heterojunction Structures, Md. Nasir Uddin, Rafiqul Islam, Muhibur Rahman, Nazia Chawdhury
Makara Journal of Science
This work deals with the study on the optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra of a p-type organic semiconducting polymer, regioregular poly 3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl (P3HT) and the absorption spectra of an n-type fullerene-based small-gap fullerene-ethyl nipecotate (Fullerene-EN) and a non-fullerene-based polynaphthalene bithiophene (N2200) semiconducting materials. The band gap of P3HT, N2200, and small-gap fullerene-ethyl nipecotate are 2.42, 1.65, and 1.51 eV, respectively, calculated from experimental results through the Tauc equation. Active layers with blends of P3HT and small-gap fullerene-ethyl nipecotate and P3HT and N2200 have been used to fabricate bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structures. The P3HT:N2200 BHJ structure follows the current density versus …
Classification Of Pixel Tracks To Improve Track Reconstruction From Proton-Proton Collisions, Kebur Fantahun, Jobin Joseph, Halle Purdom, Nibhrat Lohia 2022 Southern Methodist University
Classification Of Pixel Tracks To Improve Track Reconstruction From Proton-Proton Collisions, Kebur Fantahun, Jobin Joseph, Halle Purdom, Nibhrat Lohia
SMU Data Science Review
In this paper, machine learning techniques are used to reconstruct particle collision pathways. CERN (Conseil européen pour la recherche nucléaire) uses a massive underground particle collider, called the Large Hadron Collider or LHC, to produce particle collisions at extremely high speeds. There are several layers of detectors in the collider that track the pathways of particles as they collide. The data produced from collisions contains an extraneous amount of background noise, i.e., decays from known particle collisions produce fake signal. Particularly, in the first layer of the detector, the pixel tracker, there is an overwhelming amount of background noise that …
Polarization Switching In Gold Nanostructure Array, Harrison Knox 2022 University of Alabama in Huntsville
Polarization Switching In Gold Nanostructure Array, Harrison Knox
Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)
No abstract provided.
Quantum Error Detection Without Using Ancilla Qubits, Nicolas Guerrero 2022 Air Force Institute of Technology
Quantum Error Detection Without Using Ancilla Qubits, Nicolas Guerrero
Quantum computers are beset by errors from a variety of sources. Although quantum error correction and detection codes have been developed since the 1990s, these codes require mid-circuit measurements in order to operate. In order to avoid these measurements we have developed a new error detection code that only requires state collapses at the end of the circuit, which we call no ancilla error detection (NAED). We investigate some of the mathematics behind NAED such as which codes can detect which errors. We then run NAED on three separate types of circuits: Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger circuits, phase dependent circuits, and a quantum …
Diagnostics Of Energy Release In Solar Flares With Radio Dynamic Imaging Spectroscopy, Yingjie Luo 2022 New Jersey Institute of Technology
Diagnostics Of Energy Release In Solar Flares With Radio Dynamic Imaging Spectroscopy, Yingjie Luo
Studies of the magnetic energy release and conversion process lie at the core of solar flare physics. Radio observations serve as a unique diagnostic method. In this dissertation, taking advantage of broadband radio dynamic imaging spectroscopy observations made by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), studies are carried out on the flare energy release processes using different types of radio emissions.
The VLA is a general-purpose radio observatory located in New Mexico, which provides high-quality radio dynamic imaging spectroscopic observations with an ultra-fast time cadence. In the first study, stochastic decimetric radio spike bursts are observed by the …
Perovskite Solar Cells, Liqiu Zheng Dr., Tyler Hurst, Zhongrui Li 2022 Albany State University
Perovskite Solar Cells, Liqiu Zheng Dr., Tyler Hurst, Zhongrui Li
Georgia Journal of Science
The semiconductor perovskite CsPbBr2I was doped with Mn2+ to modulate its optical and photovoltaic performance. The Mn2+-doped CsPb0.9Mn0.1Br2I exhibited improved crystalline quality. Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy of Mn2+-doped CsPb0.9Mn0.1Br2I revealed enhanced absorption capacity. Although the efficiency was not as good as desired, the enhanced light absorption of CsPb0.9Mn0.1Br2I still boosted the photovoltaic performance when it was utilized as a light absorber in perovskite solar cells, along with a low-cost carbon electrode. Compared with its counterpart …
A Comparison Of Uniaxial Compressive Response And Inelastic Deformation Mechanisms In Freeze Cast Alumina-Epoxy Composites Without And With Rigid Confinement, Tareq Aljuhari 2022 Old Dominion University
A Comparison Of Uniaxial Compressive Response And Inelastic Deformation Mechanisms In Freeze Cast Alumina-Epoxy Composites Without And With Rigid Confinement, Tareq Aljuhari
Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Cellular ceramics have an array of improved mechanical properties that make them incredibly desired for different applications such as armor systems, aircraft structures, automobiles bumpers, and biomedical implants. It is also desirable that porous architecture could be shaped into bulk complicated shapes and easy to scale-up with low manufacturing cost. Despite several efficient techniques to fabricate cellular ceramics, some limitations are preventing us from meeting the high demand of the after mentioned applications. For that, freeze casting, also called ice-templating, is technique of solidifying an aqueous ceramic suspension under the effect of unidirectional temperature gradient. In this study, Ice-templated porous …
Developing A Software Defined Radio Based Faraday Receiver, Alvaro J. Guerra 2022 Clemson University
Developing A Software Defined Radio Based Faraday Receiver, Alvaro J. Guerra
The ionosphere can be approximated as a magnetized plasma. This results in wave- particle interactions driving a large quantity of ionospheric phenomena. To understand these phenomena, it is important to quantify and measure certain key plasma parameters. One such parameter is electron density. The Faraday Experiment was developed for the purpose of measuring electron density in the D-region of the ionosphere. This experiment was made popular by Martin Friedrich in the 1970s and is currently one of the only ways to provide high resolution measurements of electron density in the D-region without actively disturbing the surrounding plasma. This thesis aims …
Weakness Of Weak Values: Incompatibility Of Anomalous Pulse-Spectrum Amplification And Optical Frequency Combs, John C. Howell 2022 Chapman University
Weakness Of Weak Values: Incompatibility Of Anomalous Pulse-Spectrum Amplification And Optical Frequency Combs, John C. Howell
We probe the use of optical frequency combs to place lower bounds on anomalous amplification of a weak-value-measured pulse delay, potentially reaching a theoretical temporal resolution of better than 10−34 s. Owing to the interferometric behavior of weak values, we show that anomalous weak value amplification of a time delay is not equivalent to a temporal linear phase ramp. We show that the anomalous weak value is a rearrangement of amplitudes that generates an apparent shift that can be measured in direct detection, but does not change the actual frequency offset of a spectral distribution measurable in coherent detection. …
Magnetic Resonance Systems Development For Point-Of-Care Mri Platforms, Eric J. Lessard 2022 The University of Western Ontario
Magnetic Resonance Systems Development For Point-Of-Care Mri Platforms, Eric J. Lessard
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Magnetic resonance imaging utilizes electromagnets to produce anatomical images in both clinical and research settings. In the race towards increasing performance head-optimized scanners have begun playing a significant role in providing high quality imaging of the head. However, they are implemented using smaller geometries and as such fail to allow entrance of the patient past their shoulders. This is overcome by designing asymmetric gradient coils which have their imaging region located towards one end of the gradient coil, as opposed to the geometric center, allowing brain imaging. There exists interest in compact configurations which allow imaging further into the cervical …
Ultra-High Carrier Mobilities In Ferroelectric Domain Wall Corbino Cones At Room Temperature, Conor J. McCluskey, Matthew G. Colbear, James P.V. McConville, Shane J. McCartan, Jesi R. Maguire, Michele Conroy, Kalani Moore, Alan Harvey, Felix Trier, Ursel Bangert, Alexei Gruverman, Manuel Bibes, Amit Kumar, Raymong G.P. McQuaid, J. Marty Gregg 2022 Queen's University Belfast
Ultra-High Carrier Mobilities In Ferroelectric Domain Wall Corbino Cones At Room Temperature, Conor J. Mccluskey, Matthew G. Colbear, James P.V. Mcconville, Shane J. Mccartan, Jesi R. Maguire, Michele Conroy, Kalani Moore, Alan Harvey, Felix Trier, Ursel Bangert, Alexei Gruverman, Manuel Bibes, Amit Kumar, Raymong G.P. Mcquaid, J. Marty Gregg
Alexei Gruverman Publications
Recently, electrically conducting heterointerfaces between dissimilar band-insulators (such as lanthanum aluminate and strontium titanate) have attracted considerable research interest. Charge transport has been thoroughly explored and fundamental aspects of conduction firmly established. Perhaps surprisingly, similar insights into conceptually much simpler conducting homointerfaces, such as the domain walls that separate regions of different orientations of electrical polarisation within the same ferroelectric band-insulator, are not nearly so well-developed. Addressing this disparity, we herein report magnetoresistance in approximately conical 180° charged domain walls, which occur in partially switched ferroelectric thin film single crystal lithium niobate. This system is ideal for such measurements: firstly, …
Aerospace Components Made By Polymer Material, Minal Babar Graduate Engineer, Priyansh Saxena Graduate Engineer, Nilesh Vilash Thube Graduate Engineer, GOKUL RAJ S Engineering Graduate 2022 Department of Aerospace Engineering, Sandip University, MH, INDIA
Aerospace Components Made By Polymer Material, Minal Babar Graduate Engineer, Priyansh Saxena Graduate Engineer, Nilesh Vilash Thube Graduate Engineer, Gokul Raj S Engineering Graduate
Graduate Research in Engineering and Technology (GRET)
The aerospace and aviation industry have fasted growing industries on a global scale. Reliable aircraft demands many top rubber components. These rubber components must-have high performance and endurance properties, since they will be exposed to a range of extreme weather conditions, such as excessively hot or cold temperatures, and different types of oils and gases. Rubber products are becoming more famous because of their durability under extreme environmental conditions and cost-effectiveness. The rubber used for aircraft must be of high quality, and this factor is most important in the production of the necessary parts. To study the effect of all …
Shadows Of A Schwarzschild Black Hole Surrounded By A Spherically Symmetric Dark Matter, Ahmad Ibrahim 2022 American University in Cairo
Shadows Of A Schwarzschild Black Hole Surrounded By A Spherically Symmetric Dark Matter, Ahmad Ibrahim
In this thesis, using general relativity, the null geodesics and black hole shadow of a spherically symmetric configuration of a black hole (surrounded by a dark matter shell) are studied. First, the standard
results of the photon sphere of Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole is revisited and analyzed more carefully. Secondly, using an ansatz (piecewise metric function) commonly used in the literature to describe the mass distribution of the spherically symmetric black hole - dark matter configuration, the null geodesics through vacuum and dark matter are analyzed. Assuming an observer located at a finite distance from the black hole outside the …
Investigating The Thermodynamics And Seismic Profile Of The Europan Hydrosphere Through Pure-Water Modeling And Saltwater Experiments, Samantha Rosenfeld 2022 Union College - Schenectady, NY
Investigating The Thermodynamics And Seismic Profile Of The Europan Hydrosphere Through Pure-Water Modeling And Saltwater Experiments, Samantha Rosenfeld
We explore the properties of the hydrosphere on Europa involving both a modeling technique and experimental methods. We perform a computational analysis of the thermodynamic properties for an ideal, pure-water Europan ice shell using a Python programming framework called SeaFreeze. We create four models assuming surface temperatures of either 50 K or 140 K and ice shell thicknesses of either 3 km or 30 km. We observe mostly linear trends for the density and seismic wave velocities with respect to depth and find that surface temperature has the greatest effect on the models. Simultaneously, we experimentally investigate the phase diagram …
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Illinois Math and Science Academy
Georgia Academy of Science
Yakir Aharonov Chapman University
Dinesh Bista Virginia Commonwealth University
Robert Streubel Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden
Menas Kafatos Chapman University
Peter Fischer Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Javier Hasbun University of West Georgia
Robert Brecha University of Dayton
Alejandro Garcia San Jose State University
Thomas Moore Department of Physics, Rollins College
Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Biological and Chemical Physics
Elementary Particles and Fields and String Theory
Plasma and Beam Physics
Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics


Based in Oxfordshire, Bernie works on a number of projects in the science-policy development communications field. He was formerly Media Programme Director of Biosciences for Farming in Africa (B4FA) project. He has extensive experience of working with international academies of science, as Head of International Policy at the Royal Society, Executive Director of EASAC, and interim Executive Director of the InterAcademy Panel and InterAcademy Medical Panel.
Can "Smart Villages" thrive in Africa and beyond?


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Louise of Prussia, Pcss Frederick of the Netherlands
1. Louise of Prussia, Pcss Frederick of the Netherlands was born 1 Feb 1808, Berlin, Germany (daughter of Frederick William III Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen consort of Prussia); died 6 Dec 1870, Wassenaar, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands.
2. Frederick William III Prussia was born 3 Aug 1770, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany (son of Frederick William II of Prussia, King of Prussia and Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt, Queen consort of Prussia); died 7 Jun 1840, Berlin, Germany; was buried , Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany.
Frederick married Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen consort of Prussia 24 Dec 1793. Louise (daughter of Charles II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt) was born 10 Mar 1776, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany; died 19 Jul 1810, Schloss Hohenzieritz, Hohenzieritz, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany; was buried , Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany. [Group Sheet]
3. Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen consort of Prussia was born 10 Mar 1776, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany (daughter of Charles II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt); died 19 Jul 1810, Schloss Hohenzieritz, Hohenzieritz, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany; was buried , Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany.
Frederick William IV of Prussia, King of Prussia was born 15 Oct 1795, Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin, Germany; died 2 Jan 1861, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany; was buried , Friedenskirche, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany.
William I of Prussia, German Emperor and King of Prussia was born 22 Mar 1797, Berlin, Germany; died 9 Mar 1888, Berlin, Germany; was buried , Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany.
Charlotte of Prussia, Tsarina of Russia was born 13 Jul 1798, Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany; died 1 Nov 1860, Alexander Palace, Tsarskoye Selo, Russia; was buried , Peter and Paul Cathedral, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Frederick Charles Alexander of Prussia was born 29 Jun 1801, Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany; died 21 Jan 1883, Berlin, Germany; was buried , Ss. Peter and Paul, Berlin, Germany.
Alexandrine of Prussia, Grand Dcss of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was born 23 Feb 1803, Berlin, Germany; died 21 Apr 1892, Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany; was buried , Schwerin Cathedral, Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany.
1. Louise of Prussia, Pcss Frederick of the Netherlands was born 1 Feb 1808, Berlin, Germany; died 6 Dec 1870, Wassenaar, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands.
Albert of Prussia was born 4 Oct 1809, Kaliningrad, Russia; died 14 Oct 1872, Berlin, Germany; was buried , Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany.
4. Frederick William II of Prussia, King of Prussia was born 25 Sep 1744, Berliner Schloss, Berlin, Germany (son of Augustus William of Prussia, Prince of Prussia and Louise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel); died 16 Nov 1797, Marmorpalais, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany; was buried , Berlin Cathedral, Berlin, Germany.
Frederick married Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt, Queen consort of Prussia 14 Jul 1769, Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany. Frederica (daughter of Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Caroline of Zweibrücken, Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt) was born 16 Oct 1751, Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Germany; died 25 Feb 1805, Schloss Montbijou, Berlin,, Germany. [Group Sheet]
5. Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt, Queen consort of Prussia was born 16 Oct 1751, Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Germany (daughter of Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Caroline of Zweibrücken, Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt); died 25 Feb 1805, Schloss Montbijou, Berlin,, Germany.
2. Frederick William III Prussia was born 3 Aug 1770, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany; died 7 Jun 1840, Berlin, Germany; was buried , Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany.
Louis Charles of Prussia, Prince of Prussia was born 5 Nov 1773, Berlin, Germany; died 28 Dec 1796.
Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen consort of the Netherlands was born 18 Nov 1774, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany; died 12 Oct 1837, Noordeinde Palace, The Hague, Netherlands; was buried , Nieuwe Kerk, Delft, Netherlands.
Augusta of Prussia, Electress consort of Hesse was born 1 May 1780, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany; died 19 Feb 1841, Kassel, Hesse, Germany.
Henry of Prussia, Prince of Prussia was born 30 Dec 1781, Berlin, Germany; died 12 Jul 1846, Rome, Italy; was buried , Berlin Cathedral, Berlin, Germany.
Wilhelm of Prussia was born Jul 1783, Berlin, Germany; died 28 Sep 1851, Berlin, Germany.
6. Charles II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was born 10 Oct 1741, Mirow, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Germany; died 6 Nov 1816, Neustrelitz, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
Charles married Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt 18 Sep 1768, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany. Friederike (daughter of George William of Hesse-Darmstadt, Prince of of Hesse-Darmstadt and Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg, Pcss George William of Hesse-Darmstadt) was born 20 Aug 1752, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany; died 22 May 1782, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany; was buried , Church of St. John the Baptist, Mirow, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. [Group Sheet]
7. Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt was born 20 Aug 1752, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany (daughter of George William of Hesse-Darmstadt, Prince of of Hesse-Darmstadt and Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg, Pcss George William of Hesse-Darmstadt); died 22 May 1782, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany; was buried , Church of St. John the Baptist, Mirow, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
3. Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen consort of Prussia was born 10 Mar 1776, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany; died 19 Jul 1810, Schloss Hohenzieritz, Hohenzieritz, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany; was buried , Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany.
8. Augustus William of Prussia, Prince of Prussia was born 9 Aug 1722, Berliner Schloss, Berlin, Germany (son of Frederick William I of Prussia, King in Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, Queen consort in Prussia); died 12 Jun 1758, Oranienburg, Brandenburg, Germany.
Augustus married Louise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 6 Jan 1742. Louise was born 29 Jan 1722, Holzminden, Lower Saxony, Germany.; died 13 Jan 1780, Schloss Oranienburg, Oranienburg, Brandenburg, Germany. [Group Sheet]
9. Louise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was born 29 Jan 1722, Holzminden, Lower Saxony, Germany.; died 13 Jan 1780, Schloss Oranienburg, Oranienburg, Brandenburg, Germany.
4. Frederick William II of Prussia, King of Prussia was born 25 Sep 1744, Berliner Schloss, Berlin, Germany; died 16 Nov 1797, Marmorpalais, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany; was buried , Berlin Cathedral, Berlin, Germany.
Henry of Prussia, Prince of Prussia was born 30 Dec 1747; died 26 May 1767.
Wilhelmina of Prussia, Pcss consort of Orange was born 7 Aug 1751; died 9 Jun 1820.
10. Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt was born 15 Dec 1719, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany; died 6 Apr 1790, Pirmasens, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Louis married Caroline of Zweibrücken, Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt 12 Aug 1741, Zweibrücken, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Caroline was born 9 Mar 1721, Strasbourg, Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine, France; died 30 Mar 1774, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany. [Group Sheet]
11. Caroline of Zweibrücken, Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt was born 9 Mar 1721, Strasbourg, Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine, France; died 30 Mar 1774, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany.
5. Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt, Queen consort of Prussia was born 16 Oct 1751, Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Germany; died 25 Feb 1805, Schloss Montbijou, Berlin,, Germany.
Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was born 30 Jan 1757, Berlin, Germany; died 14 Feb 1830.
14. George William of Hesse-Darmstadt, Prince of of Hesse-Darmstadt was born 11 Jul 1722, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany; died 21 Jun 1782, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany.
George married Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg, Pcss George William of Hesse-Darmstadt 16 Mar 1748, Heidesheim am Rhein, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Maria was born 16 Mar 1729, Obrigheim, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany; died 11 Mar 1818, Neustrelitz, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. [Group Sheet]
15. Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg, Pcss George William of Hesse-Darmstadt was born 16 Mar 1729, Obrigheim, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany; died 11 Mar 1818, Neustrelitz, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
7. Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt was born 20 Aug 1752, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany; died 22 May 1782, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany; was buried , Church of St. John the Baptist, Mirow, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.