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Universal Studios Hollywood introduces new Silver Annual Pass and FlexPay option
Jonathan Green - June 18, 2017
REVIEW: The Nighttime Lights at Hogwarts Castle
Poké Bar Coming to Universal CityWalk Hollywood
Brian Glenn - July 21, 2017
Shrek 4-D at Universal Studios Hollywood set to close with possible replacement Kung Fu...
Brian Glenn - May 17, 2017 0
Shrek 4-D is set to close on August 13th, Inside Universal has learned. Initially reported by Park Journey on Twitter, the 4-D attraction based on the hit Dreamworks franchise will be closing after a 14-year...
(013) Inside Universal Podcast – August 3, 2014
Jon Fu - August 3, 2014 0
August 3, 2014 - In this episode, Adriana Morgan, Chris Glass and Jon Fu discuss the possible closure of Universal's House of Horrors, the Studio Tour's 50th anniversary and much, much more. Audio Direct download: August...
Inside Universal Video Cast – September 29, 2013 – Halloween Horror Nights
Jon Fu - September 30, 2013 0
September 30, 2013 - In this month's edition, Adriana, Chris and Jon discuss Halloween Horror Nights 2013, the closure of Studio Souvenirs and the Curious George playground, the Wizarding World of Harry Potter and...
Snow Monster coming to Citywalk Hollywood
Chris Glass - March 29, 2017 0
Snow Monster, a Southern California chain of cafés known for custom-made macaron ice cream sandwiches, will be opening their sixth location in CityWalk soon according to a listing on their official website. While no specific...
Universal Studios Japan – Part 4 – Wizarding World of Harry Potter
Chris Glass - December 25, 2014 0
December 24, 2014 - Well folks, this is it. The big update you all have been clamouring for from Osaka. The one and (close to) only Wizarding World of Harry Potter! There's a lot...
A look at Grinchmas 2016 at Universal Studios Hollywood
Jon Fu - December 6, 2016 0
As we head into the holiday season, Grinchmas returns to Universal Studios Hollywood for another year of fun with characters, shows and entertainment based off the popular 2000 live action film How the Grinch...
Revenge of the Mummy: The Ride reopens after refurbishment
Jon Fu - November 23, 2016 0
Revenge of the Mummy reopened today after a brief refurbishment. The bulk of the refurbishment focused on the ride's infrastructure, with no significant modifications to the guest facing experience. As we also reported, guests are...
The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf, Upstart Crow set to close at Universal CityWalk...
Brian Glenn - August 24, 2017 0
The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf, as well as the novelty shop Upstart Crow, will be closing by the end of month at Universal CityWalk. Both shops share the same space, and are tentatively set...
Universal Studios Hollywood's Lunar New Year celebration returns with all-new offerings
Jonathan Green - January 11, 2018 0
Universal Studios Hollywood has announced their new offerings for this years Lunar New Year celebration. 2018 celebrates the Year of the Dog and with that Universal Plaza will be home to an all-new recreation...
Sephora & Nectar Bath Treats now open at CityWalk Hollywood
Katrina Manzone - June 8, 2018 0
Sometimes everyone needs a day of pampering. Universal Studios invited us to such a thing! Let me tell you, you will need to check these stores out and start a day of pampering yourself! Sephora...
Several CityWalk Orlando retail locations close; several more expected
Brian Glenn - January 21, 2020 0
For the sake of clarity, this article discusses rumors and possible changes to the park. This is not a confirmation. Universal Orlando has its sights...
Rock the Universe 2020 starts this weekend at Universal Orlando
Florida's biggest Christian Music festival — Universal Orlando's Rock the Universe — kicks off this weekend. On January 24 and 25, guests can enjoy...
The Inside Universal Podcast: New Decade, Same Non-Sense (and Super Nintendo World, too)
The return of Hatetofly! Andy, Brian, and Drew discuss the recent Mardi Gras announcement, as well as the latest information that was released regarding...
Universal Studios Japan reveals new details on Super Nintendo World
Universal Parks has released a few new bits of information on Super Nintendo World, the upcoming new land opening at Universal Studios Japan this...
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Kylie Jenner recently posted a video of herself doing her daughter Stormi's hair, and people are absolutely loving it.
Kylie's daughter with boyfriend Travis Scott, Stormi Webster, is mixed race. She's only a year old, but her hair already appears to look like many mixed girls' hair — thick and curly. It's not anything like Kylie's hair texture, which means there's a learning curve here.
Kylie shared a time-lapse video in her Instagram story in which she patiently styled her daughter's hair. She combed it, moisturized it, and slicked it back into a ponytail.
"I love doing her hair," Kylie wrote in the caption.
Just the fact that she's learning is admirable, and she's doing a great job already! She used all the right tools, and her baby looks so comfortable and happy during the process.
Fans on social media were very impressed.
"I'm very proud of @kyliejenner learning how to do her mixed race daughter Stormi's hair!" one woman wrote.
"Miss Kylie Jenner had an edgebrush while she was doing Stormi's hair. I appreciate the growth, sis," added another fan.


Resolutions are a funny thing. I'm going paperless this year. Not so much as a 'save the trees' move – though, yes, let's save trees – but more as a way to clear clutter, create less waste. Where I can anyway.
Time. There seems to be not nearly enough of it these days and I wonder if 2014 will be as fast as 2013? I travelled more in 2013 than ever, it was terrifying and gratifying at the same time… and some of the time, I think I was traveling just to keep moving because if you are moving, you are alive.
This photo always cracks me up, we were asking our friends to dog-sit the seniors while we went to PPPIDC.
Java needs 2 more gambles for her ADCH, we got two in one weekend in Dec and since have had a lot of good tries. We will get it. Next show, Java can jump 14″ which I know she will be really happy about. My plan for her in 2014 is to trial locally but less than last year. She will turn 8, and I will probably retire her from competing by 2015.
Kate, oh the things. I have decided after much vexation to move her to 20/22 for the year. I personally like her at 26″ but with my lack of world team motivation, I've decided to do a year of 22″. I've entered AKC nationals at 20″ in March, as a way to practice for big events. Kind of funny to put it that, way but it's AKC after all. I'd like to say I'm planning to go to California for Cynosport but who knows, that's a long time from now. 2013 kind of taught me that whatever you're planning, the universe will flip it upside down so I'm hesitant to really think too hard about the future for Kate.
Peat, well, he'll be a sponge and hopefully by the end of 2014 will be ready to start his career as a performance dog. 🙂 I'm excited for him and Gary, he's quite the pup and I think every day about stealing him for myself.
If anything, 2013 taught me how to be sad. How to really, deeply feel the very bottom of things, and while that sounds incredibly depressing, it's a good life lesson to have had. Allie Brosh describes it well. I learned how fleeting life is, and how silly so much of what we do every day is. Most importantly, pretty much all of what I had planned fell through or didn't work out and instead spontaneous things happened, like PPPIDC, like Peat, our Kate puppy that isn't. Like Brilliant Dogs, a dog event company.
Feeling sort of relieved that 2013 was over I started looking through all the phone pictures I took last year, and I discovered that in spite of how sad 2013 felt, Kate had a really good year. I'm very proud, I'd almost say surprised, but only because I know she's just a baby, she's a very talented girl with all the future potential one could hope for.
I made this video, I started it wanting to be about everyone but Kate's too special to share. I hope you enjoy it as I have watched it only 500 times. Some of those still shots crack me up. My only regret is that I didn't take any E-Z/K-8 photos last year. I must remedy that in 2014.
My first Brilliant Dogs show is this weekend. I've been pretty excited up until today. Now I feel overwhelmed. This too shall pass and I hope everyone enjoys it as much as I would if I just got to come to a trial run my way. 🙂 Kate has a sprained wrist so she will sit out for the next few weeks. Bummed, but that is life sometimes, thanks 2013, I learned that.
Alright, if you come out to CA for Cynosports, you have to let me know!
Your first trial is going to be awesome, I just know it!


The new G410 range, which also includes irons, woods and hybrids, will be available in stores from the middle of February. The G410 Plus and G410 SFT drivers start from £450.
In the G410 Plus model, you can choose from three different centre of gravity positions: Draw, neutral and fade. Shifting the centre of gravity (CG) location by 1/10" in each direction influences whether you'll hit the shot left or right by approximately 10 yards. By positioning the weight on the extreme boundary of the clubhead, the moment of inertia increases, ensuring golfers enjoy the added distance and forgiveness required to hit their tee shots longer and straighter.
The G410 SFT (Straight Flight Technology) model is engineered with a fixed ultra-high-density tungsten weight positioned on the clubhead's extreme perimeter and 50% more heel-side CG than its predecessor to ensure straighter ball flights. A lighter swing weight (D1) further influences direction by helping square the face at impact.
A new "creased crown" design provides stiffening properties and combines with patented Dragonfly Technology to create an ultra-thin crown structure, which saves weight for optimising the CG location and increasing forgiveness.
The unique forging and patented heat-treatment process of the T9S+ face powers a thinner, hotter impact area that is precision machined to elevate ball speed across the entire face for more flexing and faster ball speeds.
Continuing PING's commitment to optimising the entire club system, the engineering team developed the next generation of the Alta CB (counterbalanced) shaft as the proprietary option in the G410 driver. The higher-launching, lightweight Alta CB Red 55 is engineered with an eight-gram counterweight in the grip end of the shaft, shifting the CG higher and allowing for more head weight to increase energy transfer and momentum – resulting in more ball speed and greater forgiveness.


text:
It is somewhat rare for the general public to get an inside look at the disputes that take place within the confines of professional sports players' unions. The disputes are arbitrated and intended to stay private; however, sometimes there is nothing that the players' associations can do to keep those arbitration matters behind closed doors. That is always true when an arbitrator's opinion is challenged by way of the filing of a petition to vacate the award in a court of law.
One of the more recent examples of the above comes by way of a filing in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California, Sacramento Division. On June 18, California Sports Management, Inc. and Gregory Maroni filed a petition to vacate arbitration award against Neftali Feliz Antonio.
On March 12, an arbitration award was entered in favor of Neftali Feliz Antonio in the amount of $468,333.33. In the petition to vacate, California Sports Management, Inc. and Gregory Maroni (the Petitioners) argue that the arbitrator's award should be vacated because it "completely disregarded the untimely filing, inexplicably determined Petitioners suffered no harm as a result of Respondent's untimeliness, and effectively ignored the provisions of the contract entered into between the Petitioners and Respondent."
The petition to vacate highlights a March 2017 Settlement and Release Agreement that was entered into by the parties. It specified that Maroni was required to pay Neftali Feliz Antonio an amount of $1 million, broken down into numerous installments. The final two installments, totaling $300,000, were never made. Maroni admits his failure to make the required payments under the agreement, but alleges that Neftali Feliz Antonio waited nearly ten months to file a grievance for non-payment and thus should have lost in his efforts to recover the monies due upon default.
Maroni's main contention is that the MLBPA Regulations Governing Player Agents requires that all grievances must be filed and served with the MLBPA within 180 days from the later of the date of the occurrence or the date on which the facts giving rise to the grievance became known.
This alleged violation of the statute of limitations was argued by Maroni in the underlying arbitration proceeding, but the arbitrator found that, even if the grievance was untimely filed, Neftali Feliz Antonio should still recover on principles of equitable tolling. The arbitrator also included prejudgment interest as a form of relief.
The petition to vacate asks the court to vacate the arbitration award based on the theory that the arbitrator exceeded his powers and that the award was completely irrational or exhibited a manifest disregard of the law.
Maroni, who names himself as Chief Executive officer of California Sports Management, Inc., is no longer licensed as a Player Agent with the MLB Players Association and discontinued his representation of Neftali Feliz Antonio many years ago. That likely contributed to the filing of the petition to vacate, as Maroni probably believes he has nothing to fear by way of the MLBPA taking punitive action against him for his public filing.
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Write Online: Reflective Writing Writing Guide - How Do I Get Started?
In Section A, you were introduced to the concept of reflection and reflective writing, and you read about three masters of reflective practice. In Section B, you learned about six models of reflection that you can use to guide your reflections. In this section, you will learn about how to begin a reflective writing task.
how to focus on tone in your reflective writing.
Portfolios, diaries, and logs will require you to contribute multiple pieces of reflective writing.
A reflective essay is generally only one piece of writing. It could be written during the course or near the end of the course.
It is clear from the inclusion of the word "reflective" that you are required to write a reflective piece.
So, on what exactly are you supposed to reflect? A reflective piece of writing is about you, your understanding of an experience or situation, and your thoughts about your skill development over time.
You may be asked to reflect on a book you are reading or a piece of music related to your course content.
While there is no standard format for a piece of reflective writing (unlike case studies and lab reports, for example), the sample below provides some guidance as to the components that are generally included in a reflective writing assignment. Keep in mind that while headings and separate pages are used in this sample, this may not be applicable to your own reflective writing task. You can download and print this sample reflective essay.
Your professor will likely expect you to write a reflection that is both personal and academic. A personal reflection will require you to think deeply about your own experiences. You will need to think about the ways in which your experiences have shaped you or your understanding of a particular issue. A personal reflection is about your perceptions rather than about extensive research that you have conducted.
An academic reflection will require you to think about how your experiences can be explained or understood within the context of the academic literature or theories that you have learned about. The stories, experiences, and thoughts that you share in your reflection should be connected to academic content.
Your reflection, whether personal or academic, will require you to think critically and deeply about your experiences in order to make meaning from them. Rather than a simple description or story about an event or experience, you will be encouraged to write an analysis of this event or experience.
draw conclusions and identify implications from what you have learned.
What Tone Should My Paper Take?
If you write a lot of reflective pieces of writing, each piece might take a different tone. Two tones can be used in reflective writing: conversational and academic.
A conversational tone is generally written in the first-person (using I).
An academic tone includes more formal vocabulary and may use the third person point of view (using he/she/they).
Take a moment to read (and re-read) your assignment instructions. Complete the following table in order to verify your understanding of the assignment.
What do I have to produce (e.g., diary, log, book review)?
What format should my paper take (e.g., blog post, portfolio)?
How much is this paper worth for my course grade?
Why am I being asked to write a reflection?
What does my professor expect me to learn by writing this reflection?
What do I expect to learn by writing this reflection?
Who is the audience for my reflective piece of writing (e.g., myself, a peer, my instructor)?
What Are Some Practical Tips to Help Me Understand the Assignment and the Assignment Expectations?
Will my reflection be personal or academic? How do I know?
Should I take a conversational or academic tone? What instructions did my professor provide?
Wilfrid Laurier University. (2015). Sample Reflective Essay. (PDF).
Williams, K., Woolliams, M., & Sprio, J. (2012). Reflective writing. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
In Section D: Writing a Reflection	, we will explore pre-writing and writing strategies as well as grammar and language features of reflective writing.


Designed by San Francisco-based WRT Design, the building was named after the prominent environmentalist David Brower and is also one of only 30 in the San Francisco Bay Area to secure LEED Platinum. The facility includes 50,000 square feet of office space, public education space, and a restaurant. The Center also provides rental office space for environmental non-profit organisations and conference center facilities for environmentally conscious events.
The architectural design of the David Brower Center is on the lines of some of Europe's most recent green buildings. The Center features a distinct base, middle, and top. The base is formed by awnings, arcades, and entrances for the ground floor uses, while the middle of the building is defined by exposed structural columns and various light control devices. A projecting upper floor and sculpted awning structure that orients photovoltaic panels southward toward the sun delineates the building's top.
A host of energy- and water-efficient design strategies were included to secure the certification such as optimal siting; 100% daylighting of all office areas; natural ventilation; a high performance building skin; and a high efficiency HVAC system that includes in-slab radiant heating and cooling.
The building has utilized concrete with slag to reduce CO2 and cement content and to increase strength. A vertically post-tensioned structure has been built to minimise potential damage due to earthquakes. Operable windows and low pressure ventilation in the building is achieved through the raised flooring system to maximise indoor air quality. Co2 sensors have been employed throughout that indicates the level of fresh air inside.
Photovoltaic power generation with panels doubling as sun shade devices have been employed throughout along with collection and reuse of rainwater for irrigation and toilet flushing. Waterless urinals have been installed across the facility, which is the first such in the city. A rainwater catchment system has also been employed that provides water for flushing toilets and irrigation along with low-flow fixtures and a solar hot water system. The building was constructed using 53% recycled and non-toxic materials.
The project involved WRT Design in collaboration with Loisos and Ubbelohde, Tipping Mar + associates for structural engineering, and Equity Community Builders as the developer.


text:
Q: Duplicate ID error - Don't understand other explanations I've been working at this project for two days now.
I've read this: List Exception Duplicate id error
And this: Avoiding 'Duplicate ID in List' Error in Update Trigger
I try to resolve it as best as I can before posting, but I'm at a total loss.
I tried to resolve the issue using sets, but couldn't get it to work, or would get errors saying that the set type was incorrect and it needed to be a list. This was confusing because I had also read a forum post on the Salesforce dev forum saying that Sets are not iteratable.
I cannot for the life of me figure out what else to do to get it to stop throwing this error:
execution of AfterUpdate caused by: System.ListException: Duplicate id in list:

I am extremely confused. Could someone help me figure out where I'm screwing up, and ELI5 me on the explanation so I can remember how to avoid this issue in the future? I feel like it's something small, that once I grasp the concept I will likely slap my forehead.
Thanks.
trigger VS_Design_One_Approved_Only on VS_Design__c (after update){
   List<VS_Design__c> ul = new List<VS_Design__c>();
   for(VS_Design__c d: trigger.new){ //references our current record

    List<VS_Design__c> od = new List<VS_Design__c>([SELECT Name, Id, Account__c, Revision_Of_Design__C, Rejected_By__c FROM VS_Design__c WHERE Account__c = : d.Account__c ]);

    for(VS_Design__c ndd : od){
    //for loop above if right after select statement to iterate
    //logical if condition, make sure != to d.Id
        if(d.Approved_On__c != null) {
                VS_Design__c nd = new VS_Design__c();

                nd.Id = ndd.Id;
                nd.Account__c = d.Account__c;
                nd.Revision_of_Design__c = d.id;
                nd.Structural_Info__c = d.Structural_Info__c;
                nd.Opportunity__c = d.Opportunity__c;
                nd.OwnerId = d.OwnerId;
                nd.Status__c = 'Closed';
                nd.Status_Reason__c = 'Revision Required';

                ul.add(nd);

        }
    }
    update ul;
}

}
EDIT/UPDATE - 6/9/2016
So after taking the advice offered, (a big thanks to @LaceySnr for his advice, and to everyone else who offered help), I was able to get it working and kind of make sense of what I was doing. I also added a condition to my IF statement for matching, so instead of just matching by ID, I also required it to make sure Approved_On wasn't equal to null. As part of iterating I changed the field to null, so the next time the records ran around, it wouldn't add it to the list a second time.
In particular I couldn't get the query to work outside the initial trigger for loop.
I do use more descriptive variable names in my own work, but my manager was using short ones like this and I wanted to keep the code similar to his.
I know it's not as clean as it should be, but it's at least working. I'm hoping to refine it to make it as clean as possible, and would request, and appreciate all advice offered on what my result was.
Thanks!
trigger VS_Design_One_Approved_Only on VS_Design__c (after update){
Set<Id> accountIDs = new Set<Id>();
List<VS_Design__c> ul = new List<VS_Design__c>();

for(VS_Design__c d : trigger.new){
if(d.Approved_On__c != null) {
    accountIDs.add(d.Account__c);
    List<VS_Design__c> od = [SELECT Name, Id, Approved_On__c, Type__c, Account__c, Revision_Of_Design__C, Rejected_By__c
                            FROM VS_Design__c
                            WHERE Account__c IN : accountIds];

    for(VS_Design__c nd : od){
        if(d.Id != nd.Id && nd.Approved_On__c != null){

        VS_Design__c toUp = new VS_Design__c();

        toUp.Id = nd.Id;
        toUp.Status__c = 'Closed';
        toUp.Status_Reason__c = 'Revision Required';
        toUp.Revision_of_Design__c = d.Id;
        toUp.Account__c = d.Account__c;
        toUp.Approved_On__c = null;
        toUp.Approved_By__c = null;

        ul.add(toUp);

    }
}
update ul;

 }
}
}

A: Ok, there's a few things going on here to sort out.
1. Query in a loop
you have a query inside of a loop. There are very few good reasons to ever do that, and you should view it as an anti-pattern as it means you're more likely to hit governor limits:
for(VS_Design__c d: trigger.new){ //references our current record

List<VS_Design__c> od = new List<VS_Design__c>([SELECT Name, Id, Account__c, Revision_Of_Design__C, Rejected_By__c FROM VS_Design__c WHERE Account__c = : d.Account__c ]);

What you'd typically do here is extract the account IDs in question into a new collection, and then query, e.g.:
Set<Id> accountIds = new Set<Id>();

for(VS_Design__c d : trigger.new) {
  accountIds.add(d.Account__c);
}

// Note also that there is no cast needed on the query
List<VS_Design__c> od = [SELECT Name, Id, Account__c, Revision_Of_Design__C, Rejected_By__c FROM VS_Design__c WHERE Account__c = in : accountIds]

2. Querying the same records
This is an after update trigger, which means your query is to bring in the records you're working with. Often you want to exclude these by building up a set (like the account IDs above) and doing a not in to exclude them.
3. Not clearing the list
Your list is never being cleared, and since you're querying by account ID that means if your trigger is run on two records which have the same Account ID then each pass through the loop will pull those records in and add them to the list, meaning at that point you've got two instances of each record in the list and hence, duplicate IDs.
4. Overcomplicated update
There are occasions where you create an instance of an SObject and assign an ID just to update a couple of records, but in this case you don't need to do that since you've just queried and can update those records directly (I've removed the if statement as that's tackled in point 5):
for(VS_Design__c ndd : od){

    ndd.Account__c = d.Account__c;
    ndd.Revision_of_Design__c = d.id;
    ndd.Structural_Info__c = d.Structural_Info__c;
    ndd.Opportunity__c = d.Opportunity__c;
    ndd.OwnerId = d.OwnerId;
    ndd.Status__c = 'Closed';
    ndd.Status_Reason__c = 'Revision Required';

    ul.add(ndd);
}
update ul;

5. Processing overhead
No processing occurs for a record at all if Approved_On__c is null, and yet this check is only done right at the end! If you refactor this code to perform that check while gathering the account list it will save a lot of wasted processing time:
Set<Id> accountIds = new Set<Id>();

for(VS_Design__c d : trigger.new) {
    if(d.Approved_On__c != null) {
        accountIds.add(d.Account__c);
    }
}

Summary
What's really killing you here is point number 3, but I implore you to tackle all of these points (especially number 1) rather than simply clearing the list after each update. Consider using more descriptive variable names, going out on a limb I'm guessing that d is design, od is old designs, nd is new design (singular) and I have no idea about ndd which is an element in od.
I'm pretty sure I know what this trigger is supposed to be doing, and I could write it out, but I think you'll get more out of it by taking another crack yourself. If you do get truly stuck then comment below and we can work it out through chat.

A: instead of using list to update the records use a set and convert it back to a list.
List<VS_Design__c> ul = new List<VS_Design__c>();
Set<VS_Design__c> values = new Set<VS_Design__c>();
List<VS_Design__c> valuesToUpdate = new List<VS_Design__c>();

//trigger code

values.addAll(ul);
valuesToUpdate.addAll(values);
update valuesToUpdate;

A: Your soql query is adding the same vs_design__c records into list multiple times, hence duplicating it.
trigger VS_Design_One_Approved_Only on VS_Design__c (after update){
       set<VS_Design__c> ul = new set<VS_Design__c>();
       for(VS_Design__c d: trigger.new){ //references our current record

        List<VS_Design__c> od = new List<VS_Design__c>([SELECT Name, Id, Account__c, Revision_Of_Design__C, Rejected_By__c FROM VS_Design__c WHERE Account__c = : d.Account__c ]);

        for(VS_Design__c ndd : od){
        //for loop above if right after select statement to iterate
        //logical if condition, make sure != to d.Id
            if(d.Approved_On__c != null) {
                    VS_Design__c nd = new VS_Design__c();

                    nd.Id = ndd.Id;
                    nd.Account__c = d.Account__c;
                    nd.Revision_of_Design__c = d.id;
                    nd.Structural_Info__c = d.Structural_Info__c;
                    nd.Opportunity__c = d.Opportunity__c;
                    nd.OwnerId = d.OwnerId;
                    nd.Status__c = 'Closed';
                    nd.Status_Reason__c = 'Revision Required';

                    ul.add(nd);

            }
        }
        update ul;
      }
    }

Other things to take care of here is to avoid soql inside for loop. instead use maps to query data outside loop and then process it.

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text:
'use strict'

const condenseWhitespace = require('condense-whitespace')
const { replace } = require('lodash')

module.exports = ({ title, year }) => {
  if (!year) return title
  const output = replace(title, year, '')
  return condenseWhitespace(`${output} ${year}`)
}

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text:
Health and safety myths
Myth Busters Challenge Panel
Case 195 - Take-away coffee on a train had to be put in a paper bag for health and safety reasons
Myth Busters 2018
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Whilst travelling on a train the enquirer was told that to take away his coffee it had to be in a paper bag. He was told it was due to health and safety.
Panel decision
There is no health and safety legislation which prescribes that hot drinks must be carried through the train in a carrier bag. However, the train operator has introduced the measure as a means of reducing the risk of scalding if people trip or stumble when walking through the train. They believe that the reduction in the number of scalding incidents suggests that this has been an effective and sensible measure to introduce.
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I did a complex Patreon poll about series to write about. In the poll about options for transit network design the winning entry was difficult urban geography, covered here and here; the runner-up was cross-platform transfers.
Subway users have usually had the experience of connecting at a central station so labyrinthine they either were lost or had to walk long distances just to get to their onward train. Parisians know to avoid Chatelet and New Yorkers know to avoid Times Square. It's not just an issue for big cities: every metro system I remember using with more than one line has such stations, such as T-Centralen in Stockholm, Waterfront in Vancouver, and Dhoby Ghaut in Singapore. To prevent such connections from deterring passengers, some cities have invested in cross-platform interchanges, which permit people to transfer with so little hassle that in some ridership models, such as New York's, they are treated as zero-penalty, or equivalent to not having to transfer at all.
Unfortunately, improving the transfer experience is never as easy as decreeing that all interchanges be cross-platform. While these connections are always better for passengers than the alternative, they are not always feasible, and even when feasible, they are sometimes too expensive.
A cross-platform transfer involves constructing the station in the center so that the north-south and east-west lines have platforms stacked one on top of the other, with each east-west track facing a north-south track at the same platform. The problem: do eastbound trains pair up with northbound ones and westbound trains with southbound ones, or the other way around?
In some cases, there is an easy answer. If two rail lines heading in the same general direction happen to cross, then this provides a natural pairing. For example, the Atlantic Branch and Main Line of the LIRR meet at Jamaica Station, where the cross-platform transfer pairs westbound with westbound trains and eastbound with eastbound trains. In Vienna, this situation occurs where U4 and U6 intersect: there is a clear inbound direction on both lines and a clear outbound lines, so inbound pairs with inbound and outbound with outbound.
However, in most cases, the transfer is within city center, and there is no obvious pairing. In that case, there are two options.
Some transfers are nearly cross-platform. That is to say, they have trains on two levels, with easy vertical circulation letting people connect between all four directions. In Berlin, there is such a transfer at Mehringdamm between U6 and U7 – and in the evening, when trains come every 10 minutes, they are scheduled to offer a four-way timed interchange, waiting for connecting passengers even across a level change.
At the two outer transfer stations, the cross-platform connections are wrong-way relative to the shared trunk corridor: eastbound pairs with northbound, westbound pairs with southbound. At the middle station, connections are right-way: eastbound pairs with southbound, westbound pairs with northbound.
Of note, the shared trunk has four tracks and no track sharing between the two different subways. I've proposed this for the North-South Rail Link. The reason three stations are needed for this and not two is that with only two stations, passengers would have to backtrack in one pairing. Nonetheless, backtracking is common: Stockholm has three stations for the transfer between the Green and Red Lines but only the northern one is set up for wrong-way transfers, so passengers connecting wrong-way in the south have to backtrack, and Singapore has two stations between the East-West and North-South Lines, since one of the pairings, west-to-south, is uncommon as the North-South Line extends just one station south of the transfer.
Why are they not more widespread?
The inconvenience of Parisian transfers is a general fact, and not just at Chatelet. Two lines that meet usually meet at right angles, and the platforms form a right angle rather than a plus sign, so passengers have to be at one end of the train to have easy access to the connecting platforms. The reason for this is that Paris built the Metro cut-and-cover, and there was no space to reorient lines to have cross-platform transfers.
In contrast, both Stockholm and Singapore had more flexibility to work with. Singapore deep-bored the MRT for reasons of civil defense, contributing to its recent high construction costs; the tradeoff is that deep boring does permit more flexibility underneath narrow streets, which all streets are compared with the footprint of a cross-platform interchange. Stockholm used a mixture of construction methods, but the four-track trunk carrying the Green and Red Lines is above-ground in the Old City but was built with a sunk caisson at T-Centralen.
In London, similarly, there are cross-platform transfers, involving the Victoria line. It was built in the 1960s around older infrastructure, but at a few spots in Central London, the tubes were built close enough to old lines to permit cross-platform interchange in one direction (northbound-to-northbound, southbound-to-southbound). In contrast, the surface network, constrained by land availability, does not feature easy interchanges.
While deep boring makes cross-platform transfers easier, either can exist without the other. If I understand this correctly, U6 was built cut-and-cover. There were even weaves on the IND in New York, but they were expensive. Moreover, when two lines are built under a wide street with two branching streets, rather than on something like a grid (or even Paris's street network, which is gridded at key places like where M4 runs under Sevastopol), cut-and-cover construction can produce a cross-platform transfer. Conversely, such transfers do not exist in all-bored Moscow and are rare in London.
Ultimately, cross-platform transfers boil down to coordinated planning. Some cities can't build them even with coordination – Paris is a good example – but absent coordination, they will not appear no matter how good the geography is. Stockholm, Berlin, Vienna, Singapore, and Hong Kong are all examples of centrally planned metro networks, without the haphazard additions of New York (which was centrally planned on three separate occasions) or London (where the early lines were built privately).
Even with coordination, it is not guaranteed cross-platform transfers will appear, as in Moscow. Planners must know in advance which lines they will build, but they must also care enough about providing a convenient transfer experience. This was not obvious when Moscow began building its metro, and regrettably is still not obvious today, even though the benefits are considerable. But planners should have the foresight to design these transfers when possible in order to reduce passenger trip times; ultimately it is unlikely to cost more than providing the same improvements in trip times through faster trains.
Very interesting is train to train transfers where 2 or 3 trains are close enough to each other to allow movement between without using a platform. This of course requires coordination of schedules and holding trains.
Moscow has plenty of cross-platform transfers. Central examples include Kitay-Gorod on lines 6 & 7 and Tretyakovskaya on lines 7 & 8; outlying examples include Kashirskaya on lines 2 & 11A, Park Pobedy on lines 3 & 8A, Petrovsko-Razumovskaya on lines 9 & 10, and Dmitriya Donskogo/Starokacholovskaya on lines 9 & 12. All-bored St Petersburg also has an important central cross-platform transfer at Technologicheskiy Institut on lines 1 & 2.
New Yorkers know to avoid Times Square.
Which is why no uses the shuttle. Rather silly of them to have three tracks of it, isn't it?
Like Chatelet, Times Square is extremely well-used. It doesn't mean people like using it.
Liking it and avoiding it are two different things. Lots and lots of them use it – not avoiding it.
What about transfers between different modes?
In Nuremberg the two subway interchange stations actually in use (Plärrer and Hauptbahnhof) are doing okay given that they have to handle three lines.
But try to change from U- to S-Bahn and you're in for a world of hurt. Fürth Klinikum / Unterfarrnbach is probably the worst example, but the others are hardly better.
Of course the lacking tram/subway connections may be due to the original plan to shut the tram down, but it's still entirely too labyrinthine at many stations, particularly Nuremberg Hauptbahnhof.
Now in Munich they have one station where S-Bahn and U-Bahn actually stop side by side cross platform… On the other hand, Munich main station is a mess and somebody calculated an eight minute transfer time for the new tunnel of the S-Bahn currently under construction.
In Philadelphia, we have transfers between trams (which run as locals below Market St between 30th and 15th Sts) and subway (express). But this can't be cross platform, as the trams run on the outer tracks and the tram cars exit doors open to the right only. Which is a shame.
Amsterdam has cross platform transfers between metro trains and regional NS trains at Amstelstation.
There is also another type of timed transfer there, the same platform local/express transfer. Get off the local train to Utrecht at Amstelstation, wait a moment on the platform and the express train to Utrecht picks you up from the same track and then goes nonstop to Utrecht, using passing tracks. Similarly going back to Amsterdam the express passes the local and drops you off before the slower train arrives. Repeat every ten minutes all day.
Mehringdamm doesn't actually have trains on two levels; there is cross-platform interchange, but you do have to go via the mezzanine to interchange.
Jungfernheide (now U7 only) was planned to have this, but the U5 extension was never actually intended to be built in less than 15 years.
The stations in Steglitz that were to be shared between the U9 and U10 would have been built with U9 on the upper level and U10 on the lower level, but only the U9 has been built, running on the lower level only (to avoid the sidings being under the railway line for political reasons).
Nollendorfplatz kind of has this, but I'm not sure about the exact layout.
Do the more complicated interchanges, these two and three station things actually make sense? Typical station spacing is around 800 metres. Three stations of parallel running track will be about 2.4 km. It may mean that you will not be able to fit more than one or two of these interchanges within the city centre (where most interchanges happen to take place). Additionally, it is 2.4 kilometres of both lines running not quite on the shortest path to the suburbs they serve. For systems with more frequent station spacing it may make a bit more sense, but there the additional cost of flyovers may be substantial, and flat junctions will be reducing capacity (although to be fair most of such systems have their fair share of street-running, traffic lights, sometimes sharing space with cars, and two flat junctions will be almost unnoticeable).
It's 1.6 km, not 2.4… and evidently it works in Stockholm, which has a small city center (but benefits from having a sub-center in Slussen). In a city with a very large center like London or Paris, it shouldn't be a huge deal. In fact there are a couple of places where two separate lines have two consecutive interchanges: Charing Cross and Embankment, Kings Cross-St. Pancras and Euston, Hotel de Ville and Chatelet, Republique and Arts et Metiers, Raspail and Denfert-Rochereau. Paris also has M8 and M9 running alongside each other for a couple stops, without cross-platform transfers. In New York there are a bunch of places with two consecutive express stations and one with three, 34th-42nd-50th on the B/D/F/M, and one place with sort of three consecutive transfers, Canal/Chambers/Fulton on the J/Z (the first two transfer to the 6, the last two to the 4/5).
Also, I would say that London's largely privately-built rapid transit system had several examples of voluntary cooperation, joint ownership, and the government trying to overcome the coordination problems (surprisingly, this is how we ended up with Bank-Monument(-City) monstrosity, the Parliament imposed connections on the companies in question). However, even the lines built in deep bored tunnels mostly followed city streets for legal reasons. This means that there wasn't much space for complex engineering underground.
https://youtu.be/IrHRQSm6LIs is that why the signage sometimes sends people the wrong way round?
Metrocenetr in DC is a great transfer. Even though theyre on different levels, everything is wide open, so you immediately can tell what is going on.
What makes a maze confusing is all the walls and blocked sightlines. You cant tell where you are compared to where you want to be.
2019/01/22 - 16:55 Alex B.
Metro in DC is an example where even with foresight, planning is still hard.
All 3 of DC's big interchanges involve lines crossing at right angles; it's possible to envision alignments for the stations that could've produced cross-platform transfers, but that would've been a big change and involved a lot more construction on/under private property.
That said, those transfers work OK. Gallery Place-Chinatown is the worst of the bunch because of the platform layout.
Speaking of Singapore, I was recently there and I would love to read your thoughts on why and how there are such a massive number of missed connections on some of its newer lines, notably the Downtown Line with the older lines in the city center, as well as with itself when it loops around. The way the system is set up today, you would almost think it was like London or New York where the older lines (north-south/east-west) and the newer lines (downtown, circle) were each built by a separate operator and were coherent on their own, just not when switching between networks.
Some trips are still possible to make in other logical ways, like spoke-to-spoke trips made via transfers outside the city center, but a lot of logical-seeming connections for shorter trips within and close to the city center aren't possible (and given Singapore's perpetual heat, it is understandable to want to use the trains even for shorter trips). Any idea what they were thinking?
I genuinely don't know why there are so many missed connections. I can sort of explain why the Downtown Line self-intersects – it's an amalgam of two different lines and the loop part of the self-intersection is where the CBD is – but I don't know why it misses the other lines.
In general, though, underground infill stations is something that has never been done in Singapore, owing to the conservatism of our planners (we had a pretty bad subway construction accident in 2004 that scared the living daylights out of them, google Nicoll Highway collapse). Platforms are always straight and level to provide accessibility to trains, avoiding situations where staff have to put up manual boarding ramps and such like you see in Japan. However, recent changes to the fare structure have made it possible to do a walking transfer between nearby stations using existing pedestrian infrastructure.
– the North South Line passes just next to Downtown station, but there's no platforms there. This is because Downtown station is already pretty close to Marina Bay station (1-2 train lengths), and an interlocking exists nearby on the NSL that would make it difficult to build platforms. Underground pathways exist to bring you to Raffles Place though.
– the East West Line passes under the Downtown Line between Downtown and Telok Ayer, in a semi-stacked configuration as it prepares to enter the Raffles Place cross-platform interchange. See above.
– Bencoolen station is right smack between Dhoby Ghaut and Bras Basah stations. There's an interlocking on the Circle Line nearby, and Bras Basah is already within walking distance anyway, just pardon the depth. (something could be done at low levels though, but it would require land acquisition). As for the NSL, see above.
– Rochor/Jalan Besar, where the DTL crosses over itself, is built under land earmarked for an expressway. I'm given to understand that it was cost/complexity issues that prevented an interchange being built.
It seems to me that all the missed connections are on the Downtown Line between Downtown and Jalan Besar (a 6 station stretch with 1 made connection and ~3 missed connections). To be honest all 3 missed connections could be fixed with ~300m long underground pedestrian tunnels – if I were the planner, those would be a priority.
There is one example of a cut-and-cover cross-platform interchange in London. Mile End is an underground interchange between the (cut-and-cover) District Line and the (bored) Central Line. The entire station is on one level, with the Central Line rising up to cut-and-cover level to achieve cross-platform interchange. This is very much the exception, however, and it is worth remembering that Mile End's Central Line platforms are between the above-ground Stratford and the deep-level Bethnal Green.
Any thoughts on Lionel-Groulx in Montreal?
It is interesting that Lionel-Groulx involves adding nearly 1 km of track for the green line to double back on itself for the cross platform transfer. Given that the track to Atwater was built and operating before Lionel-Groulx and the Verdun extension was built, I would have to look up whether this was an intentional design decision in the initial metro planning, or the result of changing plans.
Perhaps that's also a way to lose/gain elevation (eg Atwater being higher up the hill than Lionel-Groulx)?


It's important to note that Safeway is the sole grocery chain to double coupons in Colorado. (After years of offering the bonus savings, King Soopers stopped doubling coupons in August 2016.) It's one of the best strategies for racking up the savings at checkout. As a result, the policy offers a significant money-saving advantage to shopping at Safeway over other chains — more details below.
Store hours: Safeway is open 7 days a week. Most locations are open daily from 5 a.m. to midnight. (There are no locations open 24 hours.) Safeway is typically closed just one day a year – Christmas Day. For locations, click here.
Loyalty program: The quickest way to get savings is to sign-up for its Safeway Club Card. Membership is FREE. The shopper loyalty program is the only way to get sale prices. In addition, it's the only way to earn fuel points to save money at the pump. As a member, you also have access to exclusive bonus offers, giveaways and/or discounts. Once you're registered, simply enter your phone number at checkout for all of the savings. Without it, you'll pay full price and miss out on lots of offers, so it's foolish not to join.
As an added incentive, the loyalty program also includes Just For U — a personalized program offering discounts on items you've previously purchased. Once you've established a shopping history, you will be able to download offers to your account specific to just you. (As an example, if you purchase bananas on a regular basis, you may see an offer for a lower price per pound — not available to the general public.) New offers are added weekly. Note: The offers are not automatically applied to your account, you must download them to your card.
From our experience, we've had several issues with redeeming Just For U offers. One of the biggest is simply that the discount is not given at checkout. Because checking out can be fast-paced, it takes an eagle-eye to catch errors. Smart shoppers should always double-check their receipt before leaving the store. Bring your smartphone or print-out of such offers to address any disputes over a discount. For the most part, the customer service desk will gladly resolve the discrepancy and give you a refund for the price difference.
On these shelves, you'll find discontinued items, damaged or opened products, "old" packaging and overstock. It's even better because you will always find discounted bakery items at really sweet prices – usually 50% off. Clearance flowers and produce can be found in the floral and product department, respectively.
As bargain hunters, we have no problem with damaged or opened packages, as long as the item inside is still intact. (However, severely dented cans are not recommended, especially if they're bulging or rusted.) The clearance at Safeway is usually "feast or famine" – overflowing with deals or nearly bare. That's why it's important to check it every time you shop because it changes every day.
You can also find clearance on regular aisle shelves. Close-out items are usually noted by a red tag. MHOTC Tip: You can use coupons on clearance items, making the savings truly remarkable. By doing so, you could easily save 75% or more on an item.
Mobile app: For more convenience, Safeway has an app for customers, making saving money and time a little easier. In the app, you can download digital manufacturer and store coupons, create a shopping list, view the weekly ad, review Just For U offers, track fuel points, find store locations and more. For more information, click here.
Online coupons: Safeway does not offer printable online coupons. However, you can download digital coupons to your Safeway Club Card for use in-store. The available coupons are updated every week (usually on Wednesdays), so it's important to check and download new coupons often. As with paper coupons, digital coupons have expirations dates – keep track of all of the coupons downloaded to your account. You can also add store coupons onto your card rather than clipping them from the weekly print ad.
Bundle discounts: Thanks to Albertsons' acquisition, many of Safeway's sale are going the way of buy more, save more." Just about every week, the grocery chain offers additional savings, if you buy more of a particular product line. For example, if you buy 3 items, you will save another $1 off per item or overall bundle discount. If you do the math, the savings can be of great benefit to your bottom line.
Oftentimes, buying just one or two more items would be the same price you'd pay anyway without the bonus savings. (For those who say, "But I don't need 6 jars of pasta sauce." Share the extras with a friend or family member or ask them to chip in, so everyone can benefit from the savings. Better yet, create your own "mini-store" at home and store the bonus items for future use. It's well worth the space and time, when you don't have to pay full price down the road. Remember, you can use manufacturer coupons on top of bundle discounts for really big savings.
Coupons will only be redeemed for the specific items included in customer's purchase transaction.
Paper coupons must be presented at the time of the purchase transaction. Photocopies of coupons will not be accepted.
Coupons are subject to advertised offer limitations, as well as all other limitations and restrictions on the coupon.
Coupons may not be applied against a FREE item received in any offer.
Manufacturer coupons that display another retailer's logo or name will not be accepted — unless such coupon is for a specific item with the same product identifiers as the product included in the customer's purchase transaction and is sold and available at the store.
Coupons that appear distorted, blurry or altered in any way will not be accepted.
To fully review the current coupon policy, click here.
Double coupons: Safeway is the only major grocery retailer to still double coupons in the Denver metro area. Manufacturer coupons are doubled up to $1. Unless noted on the coupon, any coupon under 50¢ will be doubled up to $1. Any coupon between 51¢ and 99¢ will have the remaining amount deducted for a total savings of $1. (For example, a 75¢ off coupon will have 25¢ added for the maximum savings.) Bargain hunters know that double coupons is the best way to save big at checkout. When you combine double coupons on top of sale prices and/or store coupons, the savings can be significant — sometimes upwards of 75% off to FREE.
Coupon stacking: You can stack coupons at Safeway, by using a manufacturer's coupon on top of a store coupon. You can also stack manufacturer's coupons (paper or digital) on top of sale prices for maximum savings. As we noted before, you can also use coupons on clearance items. Note: You cannot stack a paper manufacturer's coupon on top of a digital manufacturer coupon for the same item – just one or the other. If you do so, according to Safeway, the higher value coupon will be the only one applied.
Fuel points: Shoppers get revved up for discounts at the pump and, fortunately, Safeway offers fuel points. When you shop (and use your Safeway Club Card), earn one fuel point for every $1 spent. (Restrictions apply.) Plus, earn 2x fuel points on gift cards every day. For every 100 points, save 10¢ on a gallon of gas at Safeway Fuel Centers only – up to $1 (for 1,000 points.) Be sure to look for occasional bonus fuel point offers on gift cards and select products. For more information, click here.
Pricing Accuracy Guarantee: According the local Safeway Communications & Public Affairs Manager, this is posted at every checkstand: "If the price charged is higher than the shelf or advertised price, you will receive the item FREE, limit one of each item. You will be charged the lowest advertised price for all additional identical items. Excludes fuel, alcoholic beverages, tobacco, pharmacy and dairy products." However, our experience with this policy has been very inconsistent, so check for the sign or ask to speak with a manager. We've rarely received an item for FREE because we're told no such policy exists — even though it does. Stand your ground.
Return policy: Again, the return policy is posted at every checkstand, according to our source: "We want you to be pleased with everything you purchase at this store. We are committed to providing fresh quality products every day to our customers. If a purchase is not as you expected it to be, return it for a refund, exchange or adjustment to your satisfaction." Of course, with a receipt, a return will be much easier. Without it, your return is at the discretion of the manager.
Reusable bags: To help the environment, Safeway encourages customers to bring their own reusable bags. However, they do not offer any discount for doing so.
Online grocery shopping: While it's not a money-saver, it's a time-saver. Safeway will deliver groceries to your front door. The service allows customers to order groceries online and, then, have them delivered 7 days a week between 9 a.m. and 10 p.m. There is a $49 minimum purchase requirement. In addition, there is a $12.95 delivery fee per order under $150. (The fee drops to $9.95, if your order exceeds $150.) There may also be a fuel surcharge. As an incentive to give the service a try, the fee is waived for first-time orders, as well as $5 off, with promo code HIFIVE — through March 17. To review FAQs, click here.
Super Safeway: Coloradoans are fortunate because they have a great resource for finding deals at Safeway. Super Safeway is a local blog "started by a couple of Colorado women who are savvy couponers and love shopping at Safeway!" They personally research and vet the best bargains to be found every week at Safeway in Colorado — click here. (They also offer Safeway gift card giveaways on a regular basis.) It's like having personal shoppers doing all the legwork for you before you head to the store — FREE of charge.
Ditto to Jennifer's comment above!
As to doubling of coupons – I have NEVER found ANY store (Safeway or King's) that doubles DIGITAL coupons. If you ever find one, let us know!
And, before King's stopped doubling paper coupons, I rarely got them doubled at Safeway. NOW, I have proof of the policy (full page ad from Safeway saying they STILL double coupons), so I can show that to managers who, in the past, denied doubling as an everyday policy!
Rain checks used to be good for 90 days out. Has that changed?
I used my November raincheck last week without a problem; it took forever for the popular item to be in stock when I was shopping. Also, I was recently given a free product, not realizing that it was store policy to give it free if there was a price discrepancy. I just thought they were being nice:).
My experience with Safeway is that even when you download coupons , you still don't get the discount. I started going to the self check-out so I could go slowly and screen this myself. I had to continually stop and get help from the attendant. It started to be exasperating. A corporation this big should really be able to fix this snafu.
I recently had a Safeway "manager" (she told me she was a manager but it wasn't noted on her name tag) at the Havana store reject a perfectly good paper coupon (not expired, right product, etc) just because she was in a mood — she actually came up to me rude and yelling before I even had said a word.
Had to call the Corporate office on her.
So no matter what their policies are, the individual employees just do what they want.
I found price issues at my store consistently on Just For You downloads. Clerks also don't get the right produce number. At my store getting these resolved is a major hassle – they are understaffed.
Instead I call the toll free customer service number and resolve through them. They place credits on your Safeway Club Card in multiples of a dollar to resolved discrepancies. On occasion, and sometimes often, the issue is with their software. They appreciate identifying those and like getting a record of issues at any store. It just work better this way and takes far less time.


Another day, another Monero cryptocurrency mining malware hits unsuspected users worldwide – This one crashes your system once the anti-virus software attempts to delete it.
The IT security researchers at 360 Total Security have discovered a nasty piece of malware infecting Windows-based devices to mine Monero cryptocurrency by using their computing power (CPU) and slowing down its performance.
Dubbed WinstarNssmMiner by researchers; the malware was found conducting 500,000 attacks in just three days. What makes this malware nasty is its capability of crashing targeted machine once the anti-malware software detects and attempts to remove it.
So far the malware has made over 133 Monero tokens which were around $26,500 (€22,487).
Interesting, the malware looks for decent antivirus solutions on the targeted system, for instance, Avast and Kaspersky. In case it detects any of these solutions it automatically quits its operation to avoid being detected but in case an anti-virus product detects and tries to delete WinstarNssmMiner it crashes the system.
"Though WinstarNssmMiner has the ability to deceive antivirus software. It's in its nature still a CryptorMiner and its implementation is based on the open source project, XMRIG. It comes with four ming pool and is able to determine mining pool based on the parameters passed to it," explained researchers.
XMRIG is a legit Monero mining software package however cybercriminals have been using it for malicious purposes. XMRIG was previously used in GTA 5 PC Mod, Oracle WebLogic Flaw, Jenkins server, Linux servers, and others platforms to mine Monero cryptocurrency.
Cryptocurrency investors and unsuspected users are urged to keep an eye on the security of their system and avoid falling for scams delivering WinstarNssmMiner type of malware. Just yesterday we reported on a new kind of phishing attack called MEWKit stealing Ethereum from MyEtherWallet. Stay safe online.


text:
The Scotsman, or Edinburgh Political and Literary Journal. [Issue containing long editorial titled 'Trials of William Hone. The rights of juries, and the liberty of the press thrice vindicated.' With extensive reports of the trials.]
'The Scotsman' [reporting and commenting on the three trials of William Hone, 1817] [William Ritchie and Charles Maclaren, editors]
'No. 49. Saturday, December 27. 1817.' ['Printed for he PROPRIETORS by Abernethy & Walker, Old Bank Close, and Published at No. 347. High Street, opposite St Giles's [Edinburgh].']
Folio, 8 pp, paginated 385-392. Text clear and complete. On aged paper with fraying and chipping to extremities. With tax stamp. Printed in three columns, and with the article on Hone covering the entire front page, and more than half of the second page. The reports of the three trials, in smaller type, cover more than three pages, from the last column on the second page to the last colum on the fifth page. They are followed by half a column of 'excellent observations' taken from the Morning Chronicle.
ABERNETHY
SEDITIOUS


Garnering his material from the last two of the four Books of Kings, Father Charles Garside, M.A., paints a portrait of a thundering visionary, who lights up the Old Testament perhaps more brilliantly than any other Biblical figure. A man of prayer and solitude, celibate and chaste, he moved courageously with every heavenly summons, never failing, never daunted. So much a contemplative and a teacher of eternal truth that, even though his inital mark on history falls in the Old Dispensation, he is nevertheless justly claimed as "the founder" of the Carmelite order. Taken by God, who came to seize him in a whirlwind, he was assumed into the heavens by way of a fiery chariot, and placed in the Garden of Eden from whence he shall come in the last days to do battle with the Antichrist.


1. 1. 1. 14. Vetger, Stephanie Garcia, Kesha Clark, Courtney Royer, Breanna JR-3 FR-1 SO-2 Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Colorado Mines CSU-Pueblo 659.197m 69.220m 2213.66m 9.978m 041' 1" 121' 11.5" 144' 9.756" 30' 388"
15. 5. 2. 12. Clark, Courtney Ruff, Keri Shaw, Addie Clark, Courtney SR-4 FR-1 Senior FR-1 Unattached Garden City CC Unattached Garden City CC 659.197m 10.18m 12.8189m 011.88m 38' 70" 041' 1" 1942' 0.5" 333' 3.7548"
15. 3. 3. 1. Lipsett, Deziree Clark, Courtney Long-Larkins, Ryan Clark, Courtney FR-1 FR-1 FR-1 FR-1 Unattached CSU-Pueblo CSU-Pueblo Colorado Mesa 9.978m 9.17m 4712.524m 811.806m 633' 3.75" 930' 1" 041' 1" 32' 8.5"
5. 13. 4. 12. Clark, Taylor Clark, Courtney Pickert, Danielle Lipsett, Deziree SO-2 SR-4 SO-2 FR-1 Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa 011.88m 12.8189m 011.88m 69.220m 4538' 0.7520" 2030' 243" 0638' 11.7578" 333' 3.7548"
9. 15. 5. 13. Sterling, Bacall Wood, Carolynn Ruff, Keri Gansz, Haley SR-4 FR-1 JR-3 Colby CC Colby CC Chadron State Colorado Mesa 6.69m 011.88m 811.806m 9.17m 0638' 11.7578" 0638' 11.7578" 038' 8.7501" 38' 70"
13. 1. 6. 3. Royer, Breanna Clark, Courtney Gansz, Haley Clark, Taylor JR-3 SO-2 SR-4 FR-1 Colorado Mesa CSU-Pueblo CSU-Pueblo Colorado Mesa 69.220m 69.220m 0411.762m 11.6000m 833' 4.754" 333' 3.7548" 38' 70" 038' 8.7501"
11. 14. 7. 15. Long-Larkins, Ryan Shaw, Addie Clark, Taylor Vetger, Stephanie FR-1 FR-1 JR-3 Elizabeth Running Club Colorado Mines Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa 0010.15m 659.197m 11.6000m 2213.66m 121' 11.5" 4538' 0.7520" 4538' 0.7520" 1942' 0.5"
12. 1. 8. 13. Vetger, Stephanie Garcia, Kesha Garcia, Kesha Long-Larkins, Ryan FR-1 FR-1 FR-1 FR-1 Colby CC Colorado Mesa Garden City CC Colorado Mesa 9.978m 69.220m 10.18m 011.88m 0638' 11.7578" 30' 388" 833' 4.754" 32' 8.5"
15. 2. 9. 6. Garcia, Kesha Vetger, Stephanie Lipsett, Deziree Long-Larkins, Ryan JR-3 JR-3 SO-2 JR-3 Colby CC CSU-Pueblo Colorado Mesa CSU-Pueblo 659.197m 011.88m 310.1564m 10.18m 633' 3.75" 32' 8.5" 633' 3.75" 38' 70"
12. 6. 10. 6. Sterling, Bacall Sterling, Bacall Nelson, Cristine Sterling, Bacall SR-4 SR-4 SR-4 Colby CC Colorado Mesa Colby CC Elizabeth Running Club 69.220m 4712.524m 0010.15m 69.220m 32' 8.5" 930' 1" 333' 3.7548" 0638' 11.7578"
2. 11. 11. 5. Shaw, Addie Gansz, Haley Vetger, Stephanie Royer, Breanna FR-1 FR-1 FR-1 Elizabeth Running Club Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Chadron State 9.17m 2213.66m 9.978m 659.197m 930' 1" 38' 70" 32' 8.5" 4538' 0.7520"
13. 5. 12. 14. Clark, Taylor Pickert, Danielle Andrews, Kaitlyn Shaw, Addie SR-4 FR-1 FR-1 FR-1 Colorado Mesa Colorado Mines Colorado Mesa CSU-Pueblo 310.1564m 10.18m 69.220m 12.8189m 2030' 243" 30' 388" 30' 388" 333' 3.7548"
7. 14. 13. 5. Sterling, Bacall Andrews, Kaitlyn Sterling, Bacall Sterling, Bacall JR-3 SO-2 SR-4 Colorado Mines Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Garden City CC 011.88m 0411.762m 659.197m 9.17m 2030' 243" 633' 3.75" 2030' 243" 38' 70"
5. 6. 14. 10. Lipsett, Deziree Ruff, Keri Royer, Breanna Lipsett, Deziree FR-1 FR-1 JR-3 Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa 9.978m 69.220m 9.17m 310.1564m 38' 70" 038' 8.7501" 930' 1" 333' 3.7548"
11. 6. 15. 13. Vetger, Stephanie Clark, Courtney Wood, Carolynn Gansz, Haley FR-1 FR-1 FR-1 Elizabeth Running Club CSU-Pueblo Elizabeth Running Club Colorado Mesa 011.88m 11.6000m 6.69m 4712.524m 038' 8.7501" 0638' 11.7578" 121' 11.5" 930' 1"
13. 15. 10. 12. Royer, Breanna Sterling, Bacall Nelson, Cristine Sterling, Bacall FR-1 FR-1 Elizabeth Running Club Colorado Mesa Colby CC Colorado Mesa 69.973m 8010.1554m 8010.1554m 8010.1554m 230' 26" 230' 26" 833' 3.750" 030' 16"
12. 10. 11. 11. Vetger, Stephanie Sterling, Bacall Vetger, Stephanie Andrews, Kaitlyn FR-1 FR-1 JR-3 Colby CC Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa 79.22m 49.19m 69.973m 79.22m 833' 3.750" 30' 3" 9732' 8.5" 30' 3"
12. 13. 12. 14. Vetger, Stephanie Nelson, Cristine Andrews, Kaitlyn Sterling, Bacall FR-1 FR-1 Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa 79.22m 49.19m 79.22m 79.22m 833' 3.750" 9732' 8.5" 30' 3" 30' 3"
12. 14. 13. 14. Nelson, Cristine Andrews, Kaitlyn Sterling, Bacall Royer, Breanna SR-4 FR-1 SR-4 FR-1 Colby CC Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa 79.22m 49.19m 49.19m 79.22m 230' 26" 230' 26" 230' 26" 030' 16"
10. 14. 14. 11. Royer, Breanna Vetger, Stephanie Royer, Breanna Vetger, Stephanie FR-1 JR-3 Colby CC Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa 36.691m 69.973m 89.17m 69.973m 9732' 8.5" 9732' 8.5" 030' 16" 230' 26"
13. 12. 15. 12. Wood, Carolynn Nelson, Cristine Wood, Carolynn Nelson, Cristine FR-1 Colorado Mesa Elizabeth Running Club Elizabeth Running Club Elizabeth Running Club 49.19m 89.17m 36.691m 8010.1554m 21' 11.5" 9732' 8.5" 21' 11.5" 21' 11.5"
5. 9. 8. 1. 8. 5. Pickert, Danielle Ruff, Keri Long-Larkins, Ryan Clark, Courtney Clark, Courtney Clark, Courtney FR-1 SO-2 FR-1 FR-1 FR-1 FR-1 Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Colorado Mines Chadron State CSU-Pueblo 11.7673m 11.889m 11.8064m 13.66m 111.6001m 111.6001m 744' 9.757" 1038' 73" 1038' 73" 744' 9.757" 6442' 0.570" 138' 11.7571"
5. 9. 3. 2. 9. 4. Pickert, Danielle Ruff, Keri Garcia, Kesha Shaw, Addie Shaw, Addie Lipsett, Deziree SO-2 SR-4 SO-2 Senior Senior FR-1 Colorado Mesa Garden City CC Colorado Mesa Unattached Unattached Colorado Mines 111.6001m 13.66m 6112.817m 6112.817m 6112.817m 11.889m 1038' 73" 1038' 73" 333' 3.757" 6442' 0.570" 744' 9.757" 333' 3.757"
3. 3. 9. 3. 5. 5. Clark, Courtney Shaw, Addie Long-Larkins, Ryan Long-Larkins, Ryan Gansz, Haley Ruff, Keri SO-2 SO-2 FR-1 FR-1 SO-2 Senior Colorado Mesa CSU-Pueblo Colorado Mesa CSU-Pueblo Colorado Mines CSU-Pueblo 6112.817m 11.8064m 312.521m 312.521m 312.521m 11.889m 7133' 4.758" 38' 0.75" 744' 9.757" 041' 1" 333' 3.757" 1038' 73"
6. 8. 8. 4. 1. 8. Lipsett, Deziree Pickert, Danielle Ruff, Keri Pickert, Danielle Clark, Taylor Ruff, Keri JR-3 FR-1 FR-1 SO-2 SR-4 Senior Garden City CC Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa Garden City CC Colorado Mesa 10.18m 312.521m 111.6001m 11.889m 410.15m 6112.817m 7133' 4.758" 333' 3.757" 7133' 4.758" 138' 11.7571" 38' 0.75" 744' 9.757"
9. 2. 1. 5. 5. 7. Ruff, Keri Long-Larkins, Ryan Gansz, Haley Ruff, Keri Long-Larkins, Ryan Long-Larkins, Ryan FR-1 SO-2 SO-2 JR-3 Senior SO-2 Colorado Mines Colorado Mesa CSU-Pueblo Chadron State Unattached Chadron State 13.66m 312.521m 11.7673m 11.8064m 6112.817m 11.8064m 38' 8.75" 333' 3.757" 333' 3.757" 38' 8.75" 1038' 73" 38' 8.75"
5. 7. 6. 6. 4. 2. Lipsett, Deziree Pickert, Danielle Long-Larkins, Ryan Gansz, Haley Shaw, Addie Gansz, Haley SR-4 FR-1 FR-1 SR-4 FR-1 FR-1 Garden City CC CSU-Pueblo Colorado Mesa CSU-Pueblo Colorado Mines Chadron State 13.66m 312.521m 410.15m 11.7673m 10.18m 6112.817m 744' 9.757" 6442' 0.570" 744' 9.757" 1038' 73" 6442' 0.570" 041' 1"
1. 2. 8. 7. 8. 6. Lipsett, Deziree Clark, Courtney Pickert, Danielle Clark, Taylor Ruff, Keri Shaw, Addie FR-1 FR-1 FR-1 FR-1 FR-1 SO-2 CSU-Pueblo Unattached Colorado Mines Colorado Mesa Chadron State Garden City CC 10.18m 111.6001m 13.66m 111.6001m 312.521m 10.18m 744' 9.757" 6442' 0.570" 38' 0.75" 38' 0.75" 1038' 73" 38' 0.75"
8. 2. 7. 8. 7. 7. Lipsett, Deziree Ruff, Keri Ruff, Keri Garcia, Kesha Clark, Taylor Shaw, Addie SO-2 FR-1 FR-1 FR-1 Senior FR-1 Colorado Mesa CSU-Pueblo Colorado Mines Garden City CC Colorado Mesa Colorado Mesa 6112.817m 11.7673m 11.7673m 10.18m 410.15m 312.521m 1038' 73" 1038' 73" 1038' 73" 7133' 4.758" 138' 11.7571" 6442' 0.570"
5. 8. 2. 9. 5. 4. Long-Larkins, Ryan Clark, Courtney Clark, Taylor Lipsett, Deziree Garcia, Kesha Garcia, Kesha Senior FR-1 FR-1 SO-2 SO-2 FR-1 Garden City CC Colorado Mesa CSU-Pueblo Colorado Mesa CSU-Pueblo CSU-Pueblo 312.521m 11.7673m 13.66m 410.15m 11.889m 13.66m 744' 9.757" 333' 3.757" 1038' 73" 333' 3.757" 38' 8.75" 1038' 73"


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Exxon Mobil knew about climate change as early as the 1970s from its own scientists. To protect their profits the company gave millions of dollars to climate denial groups that have successfully delayed fossil fuel emission reductions for decades.
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text:
Q: Removing Directions from Google Maps I'm displaying a list of places on a map using the google places api. Users can get directions to each of those places individually. The directions appear on the map fine and everything works, but each time they get directions to a different place it adds it to the map along with the old one(s). I want to overwrite the existing directions on the map when a new place is selected. So only one set of directions appear at anyone time. Ideally, I only want one route marked on the map and the one list of directions displayed.
I've tried adding the the following to clear all directions before I set the new ones:
directionDisplay = new google.maps.DirectionsRenderer();
directionDisplay.suppressMarkers = true;
directionDisplay.setMap(null);

As suggested here: Google Maps Version 3 Remove directions markers but to no avail.
No matter how much googling and search through the documentation I just can't seem to get it.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
JA

A: There is no need to clear the directions before rendering new ones.
Use 1 global variable for directionDisplay, the current directions will be removed as soon as you call setDirections() to render new directions.

A: // in the global scope
var directions = [];

document.getElementById('submit').addEventListener('click', function () {
if (directions && directions.length > 0) {
  for (var i=0; i<directions.length; i++)
     directions[i].setMap(null);
  }
  directions = [];
  calculateAndDisplayRoute(directionsService, markerArray, stepDisplay, map, true, "SUBWAY");
});

function calculateAndDisplayRoute(directionsService,markerArray, stepDisplay, map, is_transit, transit_mode) {
            //var selectedMode = "TRANSIT";
            // First, remove any existing markers from the map.
            for (var i = 0; i < markerArray.length; i++) {
                markerArray[i].setMap(null);
            }

            if (is_transit == true){
                var request = {
                    origin: {lat: start_lat, lng: start_lon},
                    destination: {lat: end_lat, lng: end_lon},
                    travelMode: google.maps.TravelMode.TRANSIT,
                    transitOptions: {
                        modes: [google.maps.TransitMode[transit_mode]],
                    },
                    provideRouteAlternatives: true
                };
            }else{
                var request = {
                    origin: {lat: start_lat, lng: start_lon},
                    destination: {lat: end_lat, lng: end_lon},
                    travelMode: google.maps.TravelMode[transit_mode],
                    provideRouteAlternatives: true
                };
            }

            // Retrieve the start and end locations and create a DirectionsRequest using

            directionsService.route(request, function(response, status) {
                // Route the directions and pass the response to a function to create
                console.log(response)
                console.log(response.routes[0])

                var polyline = new google.maps.Polyline({
                    strokeColor: '#6855C9',
                    strokeOpacity: 1,
                    strokeWeight: 7
                });

                if (status == google.maps.DirectionsStatus.OK) {
                    for (var i = 0, len = response.routes.length; i < len; i++) {

                        directions.push(new google.maps.DirectionsRenderer({
                            map: map,
                            directions: response,
                            routeIndex: i  ,
                            suppressMarkers: true
                        }));

                        //showSteps(response, markerArray, stepDisplay, map);
                    }
                } else {
                    window.alert('Directions request failed due to ' + status);
                }

            });
        }


text:
History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction / History Courses
The Battle of Cold Harbor: Events & SignificanceNext Lesson
The Battle of Spotsylvania: Summary & Significance
Quiz & Worksheet - Battle of Spotsylvania Quiz
Coming up next: The Battle of Cold Harbor: Events & Significance
0:07 The Race to Spotsylvania
1:25 Battle: May 9 - 11
3:03 Battle: May 12
3:45 Battle: May 13 - 19
4:54 The Results
The Battle of Cold Harbor: Events & Significance
The Siege of Petersburg: Summary, Timeline & Significance
The Battle of Fredericksburg: Summary, Timeline & Significance
Battle of Chancellorsville: Facts, Summary & Significance
Second Battle of Bull Run (Manassas): History, Significance & Map
Battle of Shiloh: Facts, Summary & Significance
The Battle of Antietam: Conflict, Outcome & Significance
The First Battle of Bull Run: Summary, Significance & Facts
Battle of Gettysburg: Facts, Summary & Significance
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Instructor: Amy Troolin
Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer.
In this lesson, we will study the Battle of Spotsylvania, a 12-day battle between the Union army under General Ulysses S. Grant and the Confederate army under General Robert E. Lee.
The Race to Spotsylvania
The date was May 8, 1864. The place was Northern Virginia. The Union army had just lost over 17,000 men at the Battle of the Wilderness two days before. Most generals would have retreated to lick their wounds and regroup, but not Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant. He pushed ahead, moving southeast, away from the Wilderness battlefield toward the little town of Spotsylvania Courthouse.
No matter what the cost, Grant was determined to stick to his plan for winning the Civil War. He would keep moving south to eventually capture the Confederate capitol of Richmond, and along the way, he would engage the Confederate army wherever he found them, striking repeatedly and strongly in an effort to wear out the enemy.
Grant ordered his cavalry troops to ride ahead to Spotsylvania and clear the path for the Union infantry. Confederate General Robert E. Lee was also coming from the Wilderness and had the same idea. He, too, sent his cavalrymen toward the little town, and the race was on. The Confederates won. They were waiting for the Union riders when they arrived early in the morning on May 8. The two sides clashed that morning and again late in the afternoon, this time supported by the infantry. At the day's end, Spotsylvania remained in Confederate hands.
The Battle of Spotsylvania
The Battle of Spotsylvania, which began on the morning of May 8, lasted 12 days, only ending on May 19. We'll take a brief look at each day's events in order to capture the overall scope of the battle.
On May 9, a break in the fighting allowed the Confederates to build up their line of defense. They created a series of earthworks in a pointed, inverted U-shape called a salient or 'mule shoe.' Although the mule shoe was vulnerable to attacks from both sides as well as from the front, it was filled with Confederate artillery and fortified with large logs. Overall, it was a strong position for the Southerners.
Over the next two days, May 10-11, Grant's men tried to find weak points in the mule shoe. They attacked here and there without much luck. The defenses were just too strong. One young Union colonel by the name of Emory Upton led a sharp attack of 5,000 soldiers against the west side of the mule shoe. They caught the Confederates off guard and captured 950 prisoners. Unfortunately, the Union suffered 1,000 casualties in the attack.
Upton's actions gave Grant an idea. He would try another attack the next day, only on a much larger scale. Thinking Grant was going to make a dash around the Confederates' right flank, General Lee ordered 22 of the 30 artillery pieces in the mule shoe to be moved out and to the right. This was a major miscalculation. Without realizing it, Lee had made a decision that put his men at risk.
At 4:30 a.m. on May 12, Grant's army slammed directly into the mule shoe from several angles. Again, they caught the Confederates by surprise, and without their artillery pieces, the Southerners lacked a critical means of defense. For 20 hours straight, Union soldiers struck the Confederate line over and over and over again. The mule shoe filled up with dead and wounded soldiers from both sides. The west side took the hardest hit, and as casualties began to pile up, that location became known as the 'Bloody Angle.' The attack ended only after midnight when both armies were too exhausted to continue.
By the morning of May 13, only dead and wounded soldiers were left in the mule shoe. During the night, the Confederates had retreated to a new line of defense behind the mule shoe. Over the next few days, May 13-16, Grant and Lee reorganized their armies, moving them into new battle lines through heavy rain and mud. Skirmishing broke out occasionally, but there were no major attacks. Grant shifted his army to the east, attempting, as always, to skirt around the Confederates' right flank.
On May 17, Grant tried one more time to attack the Confederates. This time, they were not taken by surprise, and their artillery was very much present. The sharp clash lasted into May 18, but the Union failed to dislodge the Confederate army from its new line of defense.
As May 19 dawned, Grant decided to move out, around the Confederates and south toward Richmond. Lee wasn't quite finished with Grant, however. The Confederates took one last shot at the northern part the Union line. It was a small confrontation as for numbers, but it was also a deadly end to a long, costly battle.
The Battle of Spotsylvania was not a clear victory for either side. Neither the Union nor the Confederacy gained or lost much ground.
Casualties, however, were very heavy. The Confederate army lost approximately 12,000 men, dead, wounded, or missing, while the Union suffered approximately 18,000 casualties. Although the Confederate number is smaller than that of the Union, in terms of percentage, the Confederacy took a harder hit, losing 23% of its active forces to the Union's 18%.
Grant's plan to wear down the Confederate army was working, and he was determined not to quit. Leaving behind the mule shoe of Spotsylvania, Grant guided his army south toward Richmond, still ready to fight whenever he encountered his enemy.
The Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse pitted the Union army, led by Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant, against the Confederates led by General Robert E. Lee. Grant was actively pursuing his goals of capturing the Confederate capitol of Richmond and wearing out the Confederate army through repeated strong attacks.
The two armies clashed hard at Spotsylvania over 12 days. The Confederates built an inverted U-shaped line of defense works called a salient or 'mule shoe,' which the Union attacked again and again. Eventually, the Confederates abandoned the mule shoe and moved back to a second defense line, which the Union also fiercely attacked.
The battle did not lead to a clear victory for either side, but both armies suffered heavy casualties with the Confederates losing a smaller number but higher percentage of men than the Union.
In the end, Grant once again slipped around the Confederates' right flank and moved south, continuing his journey toward Richmond.
Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
Outline Grant's plan to wear down the Confederacy
Identify the 12-day Battle of Spotsylvania as a major campaign between Grant and Robert E. Lee
Explain mistakes made by both sides, which helped prolong the engagement
Visit the History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction page to learn more.
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History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction
9 chapters | 92 lessons | 9 flashcard sets
Ch 1. Life in 19th Century...
Go to Life in 19th Century America
Ch 2. Rising Tension Over...
Go to Rising Tension Over Slavery
Ch 3. The Political Situation in...
Go to The Political Situation in 1860
Ch 4. The War in 1862
Go to The War in 1862
Ch 5. The War Continues: 1863
Go to The War Continues: 1863
Ch 6. The Tide of War Shifts: 1864
General Ulysses S. Grant Takes Charge: His Strategic Plan for Ending the War 5:31
The Wilderness Campaign: Summary & Significance 6:15
The Battle of Spotsylvania: Summary & Significance 6:55
The Siege of Petersburg: Summary, Timeline & Significance 6:10
Shenandoah Valley Campaigns: Summary, Timeline & Significance 6:20
General William T. Sherman's Atlanta Campaign: Summary & Significance 7:12
Primary Source: Richmond Daily Dispatch on August 30, 1864
The Battle of Mobile Bay: Summary & Significance 7:54
The Politics of 1864: President Abraham Lincoln is Re-Elected 6:57
The Battle of Nashville: Summary & Outcome 6:19
Sherman's March to the Sea 5:19
Go to The Tide of War Shifts: 1864
Ch 7. Conclusion of the Civil War:...
Go to Conclusion of the Civil War: 1865
Ch 8. Reconstruction After the Civil...
Go to Reconstruction After the Civil War
Ch 9. Studying for History...
Go to Studying for History 106
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text:
Classe Tous Risques (1960)
Fugitive French crook Abel Davos (Lino Ventura) flees Italy with his partner Raymond Naldi (Stan Krol) and young family, getting as far as Nice before both Naldi and Abel's wife Thérèse (Simone France) are brutally gunned down by the gendarmes. With no time to grieve, Davos conceals his sons in a seaside boarding house and seeks help from crime boss Frangier (Claude Cerval), who dispatches hired hood Eric Stark (Jean-Paul Belmondo) to rescue the outlaw and his progeny in an ambulance and deliver them to Paris. En route, Davos and Stark become fast friends but the former soon learns that his old employers no longer have his best interests at heart, a realisation with bloody consequences for all concerned.
"I believed in the friendship of Abel Davos and Stark absolutely", said Jean-Pierre Melville after seeing Classe Tous Risques, a film that would greatly influence his own gangster-inflected oeuvre. "The two men's behaviour makes explicit their feelings, without either of them having to speak of their friendship. On the other hand, I was not able to believe in the friendship of [François Truffaut's] Jules and Jim, even though they speak of it often." Ouch.
Melville was pointedly speaking out in defence of Claude Sautet's feature debut after it had been sadly underrated upon its initial release, dismissed as old fashioned by a film culture caught up in the giddy rush of excitement surrounding la Nouvelle Vague. Seeing it today in a spanking new restoration at the BFI, it's hard to resist cheering Melville's remarks. As tense, brooding and fatalistic a thriller as you could wish to see, Classe Tous Risques benefits hugely from Sautet's tight direction - his curious camera seemingly lurking in every corner, peering over the shoulders of his actors at all times to ensure we don't miss so much as a bead of sweat. Sautet had previous experience as an assistant director and troubleshooting script doctor so clearly knew a thing or two about the mechanics of storytelling. There's a real fondness between the leads, as Melville indicates, which makes the climax all the more affecting. Belmondo is, of course, a handsome dog and makes up one half of a very pretty couple with love interest Sandra Milo (below), but it's ex-wrestler Ventura's show. Recently described by Sight & Sound editor Nick James as promising "the simmering danger of a wounded gorilla", Ventura's tired eyes, wrinkled brow and flat nose are the scars of a brutal existence, of professional violence and punctured illusions. He was cast for his imposing physique and it's not hard to understand why such an authentic tough guy became a star.
The story was adapted from a book by Corsican ex-con José Giovanni, who also wrote the gritty novels on which Jacques Becker's Le Trou (1960) and Melville's Le Deuxième Souffle (1966) were based. One of Giovanni's ex-cellmates had been a certain Abel "The Mammoth" Danos, a hulking mobster and French gestapo during the Occupation, whom the aspiring author befriended by offering chocolate and contraband stamps in exchange for his life story.
Labels: Claude Sautet, Crime, Jean-Paul Belmondo, Lino Ventura, Marcel Dalio, World
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