text:
2Taxonomy
3Distribution
4Cultivation
5Toxicity
6Uses
6.1Nutrition
6.2Consumption
6.2.1As a supplement
6.3Silk industry
6.4Pigments
6.5Paper
6.6Wood
Morus (plant)
Genus of plants
"Mulberry" redirects here. For other plants called mulberry, see List of plants known as mulberry. For other uses, see Mulberry (disambiguation).
For the bird genus, see Gannet.
Morus nigra
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Tribe: Moreae
Genus: Morus
See text.
Morus, a genus of flowering plants in the family Moraceae, consists of diverse species of deciduous trees commonly known as mulberries, growing wild and under cultivation in many temperate world regions.[1][2][3] Generally, the genus has 64 identified species,[4] three of which are well-known and are ostensibly named for the fruit color of the best-known cultivar: white, red, and black mulberry (Morus alba, M. rubra, and M. nigra, respectively), with numerous cultivars.[5][4] M. alba is native to South Asia, but is widely distributed across Europe, Southern Africa, South America, and North America.[2] M. alba is also the species most preferred by the silkworm, and is regarded as an invasive species in Brazil and the United States.[2]
The closely related genus Broussonetia is also commonly known as mulberry, notably the paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera).[6]
Mulberries are fast-growing when young, and can grow to 24 metres (79 feet) tall.[2][5] The leaves are alternately arranged, simple, and often lobed and serrated on the margin. Lobes are more common on juvenile shoots than on mature trees.[2][5] The trees can be monoecious or dioecious.[5]
The mulberry fruit is a multiple, about 2–3 centimetres (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 inches) long.[2][5] Immature fruits are white, green, or pale yellow.[5] The fruit turns from pink to red while ripening, then dark purple or black, and has a sweet flavor when fully ripe.[2][5]
Clusters (inflorescences) of unopened male flower buds
Female catkins
Young mulberry fruit clusters
Immature fruit
Unripe white mulberries
Berries on branches in Eastern Oklahoma
Mulberry in southern Brazil
Long mulberry
Semi-ripe mulberries on a mulberry leaf
Taxonomy[edit]
The taxonomy of Morus is complex and disputed. Fossils of Morus appear in the Pliocene record of the Netherlands.[7] Over 150 species names have been published, and although differing sources may cite different selections of accepted names, less than 20 are accepted by the vast majority of botanical authorities. Morus classification is even further complicated by widespread hybridisation, wherein the hybrids are fertile.[citation needed]
The following species are accepted:[8]
Morus alba L. – white mulberry (China, Korea, Japan)
Morus australis Poir. – East and South-East Asia
Morus boninensis Koidz.
Morus cathayana Hemsl. – China, Japan, Korea
Morus celtidifolia Kunth – Texas mulberry (southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, South America)
Morus indica L. – India, Southeast Asia
Morus insignis Bureau – Central and South America
Morus koordersiana J.-F.Leroy
Morus liboensis S.S.Chang – Guizhou Province in China
Morus macroura Miq. – long mulberry (Tibet, Himalayas, Indochina)
Morus mesozygia Stapf – African mulberry (south and central Africa)
Morus microphylla Buckley
Morus miyabeana Hotta
Morus mongolica (Bureau) C.K.Schneid.
Morus nigra L. - black mulberry (Iran, Caucasus, Levant)
Morus notabilis C.K.Schneid. – Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces in China
Morus rubra L. – red mulberry (eastern North America)
Morus serrata Roxb. – Tibet, Nepal, northwestern India
Morus trilobata (S.S.Chang) Z.Y.Cao – Guizhou Province in China
Morus wittiorum Hand.-Mazz. – southern China
In southern Brazil, the mulberry is known as amorinha.[9]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Mulberry fruit in Libya
Black, red, and white mulberries are widespread in Southern Europe, the Middle East, northern Africa, and the Indian subcontinent, where the tree and the fruit have names under regional dialects. Black mulberry was imported to Britain in the 17th century in the hope that it would be useful in the cultivation of silkworms. It was much used in folk medicine, especially in the treatment of ringworm. Mulberries are also widespread in Greece, particularly in the Peloponnese, which in the Middle Ages was known as Morea, deriving from the Greek word for the tree (μουριά, mouria).
Cultivation[edit]
A mulberry tree in England
Mulberries can be grown from seed, and this is often advised, as seedling-grown trees are generally of better shape and health. Mulberry trees grown from seed can take up to ten years to bear fruit. Mulberries are most often planted from large cuttings, which root readily. The mulberry plants allowed to grow tall have a crown height of 1.5 to 1.8 m (5 to 6 ft) from ground level and a stem girth of 10–13 cm (4–5 in). They are specially raised with the help of well-grown saplings 8–10 months old of any of the varieties recommended for rainfed areas like S-13 (for red loamy soil) or S-34 (black cotton soil), which are tolerant to drought or soil-moisture stress conditions. Usually, the plantation is raised and in block formation with a spacing of 1.8 by 1.8 m (6 by 6 ft), or 2.4 by 2.4 m (8 by 8 ft), as plant-to-plant and row-to-row distances. The plants are usually pruned once a year during the monsoon season to a height of 1.5–1.8 m (5–6 ft) and allowed to grow with a maximum of 8–10 shoots at the crown. The leaves are harvested three or four times a year by a leaf-picking method under rain-fed or semiarid conditions, depending on the monsoon. The tree branches pruned during the fall season (after the leaves have fallen) are cut and used to make durable baskets supporting agriculture and animal husbandry.
Some North American cities have banned the planting of mulberries because of the large amounts of pollen they produce, posing a potential health hazard for some pollen allergy sufferers.[10] Actually, only the male mulberry trees produce pollen; this lightweight pollen can be inhaled deeply into the lungs, sometimes triggering asthma.[11][12] Conversely, female mulberry trees produce all-female flowers, which draw pollen and dust from the air. Because of this pollen-absorbing feature, all-female mulberry trees have an OPALS allergy scale rating of just 1 (lowest level of allergy potential), and some consider it "allergy-free".[11]
Mulberry tree scion wood can easily be grafted onto other mulberry trees during the winter, when the tree is dormant. One common scenario is converting a problematic male mulberry tree to an allergy-free female tree, by grafting all-female mulberry tree scions to a male mulberry that has been pruned back to the trunk.[13] However, any new growth from below the graft(s) must be removed, as they would be from the original male mulberry tree.[14]
Toxicity[edit]
All parts of the plant besides the ripe fruit contain a toxic milky sap.[15] Eating too many berries may have a laxative effect. Additionally, unripe green fruit may cause nausea, cramps, and a hallucinogenic effect.[16]
Uses[edit]
Nutrition[edit]
Raw mulberries
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
%DV†
Vitamin A equiv.
1 μg
Folate (B9)
7.8 μg
Other constituents
Link to United States Department of Agriculture Database entry
μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams
IU = International units
†Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA FoodData Central
Raw mulberries are 88% water, 10% carbohydrates, 1% protein, and less than 1% fat. In a 100-gram (3.5-ounce) reference amount, raw mulberries provide 43 calories, 44% of the Daily Value (DV) for vitamin C, and 14% of the DV for iron; other micronutrients are insignificant in quantity.
Consumption[edit]
As the fruit matures, mulberries change in texture and color, becoming succulent, plump, and juicy, resembling a blackberry.[5] The color of the fruit does not distinguish the mulberry species, as mulberries may be white, lavender or black in color. White mulberry fruits are typically sweet, but not tart, while red mulberries are usually deep red, sweet, and juicy. Black mulberries are large and juicy, with balanced sweetness and tartness.[5]
The fruit of the East Asian white mulberry – a species extensively naturalized in urban regions of eastern North America – has a different flavor, sometimes characterized as refreshing and a little tart, with a bit of gumminess to it and a hint of vanilla.[17] In North America, the white mulberry is considered an invasive exotic and has taken over extensive tracts from native plant species, including the red mulberry.[2][18]
Mulberries are used in pies, tarts, wines, cordials, and herbal teas.[2][5] The fruit of the black mulberry (native to southwest Asia) and the red mulberry (native to eastern North America) have distinct flavors likened to 'fireworks in the mouth'.[17] Jams and sherbets are often made from the fruit in the Old World.
The tender twigs are semisweet and can be eaten raw or cooked.[19]
As a supplement[edit]
The fruit and leaves are sold in various forms as dietary supplements.[citation needed]
Silk industry[edit]
A silkworm, Bombyx mori, feeding on a mulberry tree
Mulberry leaves, particularly those of the white mulberry, are ecologically important as the sole food source of the silkworm (Bombyx mori, named after the mulberry genus Morus), the cocoon of which is used to make silk.[20][21] The wild silk moth also eats mulberry.[22][23] Other Lepidoptera larvae—which include the common emerald, lime hawk-moth, sycamore moth, and fall webworm—also eat the plant.[24]
The Ancient Greeks and Romans cultivated the mulberry for silkworms; at least as early as 220 AD, Emperor Elagabalus wore a silk robe.[25] English clergy wore silk vestments from about 1500 onwards.[25] Mulberry and the silk industry played a role in colonial Virginia.[25]
Pigments[edit]
Mulberry fruit color derives from anthocyanins,[3] which have unknown effects in humans.[26] Anthocyanins are responsible for the attractive colors of fresh plant foods, including orange, red, purple, black, and blue.[26] These colors are water-soluble and easily extractable, yielding natural food colorants.[2] Due to a growing demand for natural food colorants, they have numerous applications in the food industry.[3][26]
A cheap and industrially feasible method has been developed to extract anthocyanins from mulberry fruit that could be used as a fabric dye or food colorant of high color value (above 100).[2] Scientists found that, of 31 Chinese mulberry cultivars tested, the total anthocyanin yield varied from 148 to 2725 mg/L of fruit juice.[27] Sugars, acids, and vitamins of the fruit remained intact in the residual juice after removal of the anthocyanins, indicating that the juice may be used to other food products.[27][2]
Mulberry germplasm resources may be used for:[3][2][28]
exploration and collection of fruit yielding mulberry species
their characterization, cataloging, and evaluation for anthocyanin content by using traditional, as well as modern, means and biotechnology tools
developing an information system about these cultivars and varieties
training and global coordination of genetic stocks
evolving suitable breeding strategies to improve the anthocyanin content in potential breeds by collaboration with various research stations in the field of sericulture, plant genetics, and breeding, biotechnology and pharmacology
Paper[edit]
During the Angkorian age of the Khmer Empire of Southeast Asia, monks at Buddhist temples made paper from the bark of mulberry trees. The paper was used to make books, known as kraing.[29]
Tengujo is the thinnest paper in the world. It is produced in Japan and made with kozo (stems of mulberry trees).[30]
Wood[edit]
The wood of mulberry trees is used for barrel aging of Țuică, a traditional Romanian plum brandy.
Culture[edit]
Mulberry Tree by Vincent van Gogh
A Babylonian etiological myth, which Ovid incorporated in his Metamorphoses, attributes the reddish-purple color of the mulberry fruits to the tragic deaths of the lovers Pyramus and Thisbe. Meeting under a mulberry tree (probably the native Morus nigra),[31] Thisbe commits suicide by sword after Pyramus does the same, he having believed, on finding her bloodstained cloak, that she was killed by a lion. Their splashed blood stained the previously white fruit, and the gods forever changed the mulberry's colour to honour their forbidden love.[31]
The nursery rhyme "Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush" uses the tree in the refrain, as do some contemporary American versions of the nursery rhyme "Pop Goes the Weasel".[citation needed]
Vincent van Gogh featured the mulberry tree in some of his paintings, notably Mulberry Tree (Mûrier, 1889, now in Pasadena's Norton Simon Museum). He painted it after a stay at an asylum, and he considered it a technical success.[32]
^ J.M. Suttie (2002). "Morus alba L." United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Morus nigra (black mulberry)". CABI. 20 November 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
^ a b c d James A. Duke (1983). "Morus alba L., Moraceae: White mulberry, Russian mulberry, Silkworm mulberry, Moral blanco". Handbook of Energy Crops. Archived from the original on 2012-10-28. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
^ a b "Morus L." World Flora Online. World Flora Online Consortium. 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
^ a b c d e f g h i j "Mulberry". California Rare Fruit Growers. 1997. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
^ Wunderlin, Richard P. (1997). "Broussonetia papyrifera". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
^ Martinez Cabrera HI; Cevallos-Ferriz SRS (2006). "Maclura (Moraceae) wood from the Miocene of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico: Fossil and biogeographic history of its closer allies". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 140 (1–2): 113–122. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.03.004.
^ "Morus L." Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
^ "Rubus brasiliensis - Amorinha". FloraSBS (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-05-18.
^ City of El Paso (July 10, 2007). "Agenda item department head's summary form" (PDF). Retrieved 21 July 2014.
^ a b Ogren, Thomas Leo (2000). Allergy-Free Gardening. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1580081665.
^ Wilson, Charles L. "Tree pollen and hay fever". Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
^ Ogren, Thomas Leo (2003). Safe Sex in the Garden: and Other Propositions for an Allergy-Free World. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. pp. 22–23. ISBN 1580083145.
^ Phipps, Nikki. "Can Grafted Trees Revert to Their Rootstock?". Gardening Know How. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
^ "White mulberry – Morus alba". Ohio Perennial and Biennial Weed Guide. The Ohio State University. Archived from the original on 2012-04-12. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
^ The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants. United States Department of the Army. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. 2009. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-60239-692-0. OCLC 277203364. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^ a b "which mulberry to buy. advise me!". The Cloudforest Gardener. Archived from the original on 2013-06-08.
^ Boning, Charles R. (2006). Florida's Best Fruiting Plants: Native and Exotic Trees, Shrubs, and Vines. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc. p. 153.
^ Angier, Bradford (1974). Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 148. ISBN 0-8117-0616-8. OCLC 799792.
^ Ombrello, T. "The mulberry tree and its silkworm connection". Plant of the Week. Cranford, NJ: Union County College. Archived from the original on 2012-10-19. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
^ "Mulberry silk". Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles - Govt of India. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
^ Bisch-Knaden, Sonja; Daimon, Takaaki; Shimada, Toru; Hansson, Bill S.; Sachse, Silke (January 2014). "Anatomical and functional analysis of domestication effects on the olfactory system of the silkmoth Bombyx mori". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1774): 20132582. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2582. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3843842. PMID 24258720.
^ Tanaka, Kana; Uda, Yusuke; Ono, Yukiteru; Nakagawa, Tatsuro; Suwa, Makiko; Yamaoka, Ryohei; Touhara, Kazushige (9 June 2009). "Highly Selective Tuning of a Silkworm Olfactory Receptor to a Key Mulberry Leaf Volatile". Current Biology. 19 (11): 881–890. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.04.035. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 19427209. S2CID 2414559.
^ Tang, Rui; Zhang, Feng; Zhang, Zhong-Ning (June 2016). "Electrophysiological Responses and Reproductive Behavior of Fall Webworm Moths (Hyphantria cunea Drury) are Influenced by Volatile Compounds from Its Mulberry Host (Morus alba L.)". Insects. 7 (2): 19. doi:10.3390/insects7020019. ISSN 2075-4450. PMC 4931431. PMID 27153095.
^ a b c Lyle, Katie Letcher (2010) [2004]. The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, Mushrooms, Fruits, and Nuts: How to Find, Identify, and Cook Them (2nd ed.). Guilford, CN: FalconGuides. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-59921-887-8. OCLC 560560606.
^ a b c "Scientific opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to various food(s)/food constituent(s) and protection of cells from premature aging, antioxidant activity, antioxidant content and antioxidant properties, and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/20061". EFSA Journal. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies. 8 (2): 1489. 2010. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1752.
^ a b Liu X, Xiao G, Chen W, Xu Y, Wu J (2004). "Quantification and purification of mulberry anthocyanins with macroporous resins". Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology. 2004 (5): 326–331. doi:10.1155/S1110724304403052. PMC 1082888. PMID 15577197.
^ "Morus alba L." US Department of Agriculture, National Plant Germplasm System. 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
^ Chhem KR, Antelme MR (2004). "A Khmer Medical Text The Treatment of the Four Diseases Manuscript". Siksācakr, Journal of Cambodia Research. 6: 33–42.
^ Whang, Oliver (May 5, 2020). "The Thinnest Paper in the World". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
^ a b Reich, Lee (2008). "Morus spp. mulberry". In Janick, Jules; Paull, Robert E. (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts. CABI. pp. 504–507. ISBN 9780851996387.
^ Gogh, Vincent van (1889). "Mulberry Tree". van Gogh Collection. Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena, California. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Morus.
Wikisource has the text of The New Student's Reference Work article "Mulberry".
Flora of China: Morus
Flora of North America: Morus
Sorting Morus names (University of Melbourne)
Propagation (growing) by vegetative method
Propagation (growing) by seed method
photo of 300-year-old Japanese mulberry
Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre, Ministry of Textiles, Government of India
Replant a mulberry tree: article from The Times of India
The Morus Londinium project - Mulberry tree heritage in London, UK
Magnanery
Sericulture
Silk mill
Silk throwing
Silk waste
Ahimsa silk
Assam silk
Atlas silk
Byzantine silk
Burmese silk
Chinese silk
Eri silk
Pat silk
Japanese silk
Lao silk
Sea silk
Thai silk
Wild silk
Silk in the Indian subcontinent
Silk industry in China
Silk industry of Cheshire
Tenun Pahang Diraja
Wikidata: Q44789
Wikispecies: Morus (Moraceae)
APNI: 100953
CoL: 5VCQ
EPPO: 1MORUG
FNA: 121220
FoAO2: Morus
FoC: 121220
GRIN: 7821
IPNI: 40896-1
NCBI: 3497
NZOR: 4e9b5932-e4f1-4590-ab08-81778b76e656
Open Tree of Life: 658501
PLANTS: MORUS
POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30004492-2
uBio: 5866445
VASCAN: 1438
WFO: wfo-4000024882
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morus_(plant)&oldid=1132921981"
Moraceae genera
CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)
Articles containing Greek-language text
Articles containing French-language text
Taxonbars with 25–29 taxon IDs


text:
Q: MySQL 500 million rows table in select query with join I'm concerned about the performance of the query below once the tables are fully populated. So far it's under development and performs well with dummy data.
The table "adress_zoo" will contain about 500 million records once fully populated. "adress_zoo" table looks like this:
  CREATE TABLE `adress_zoo`
     ( `adress_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `zoo_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE KEY `pk` (`adress_id`,`zoo_id`),
     KEY `adress_id` (`adress_id`) )
     ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

The other tables will contain maximum 500 records each.
The full query looks like this:
  SELECT a.* FROM jos_zoo_item AS a
  JOIN jos_zoo_search_index AS zsi2 ON zsi2.item_id = a.id
  WHERE a.id IN (

     SELECT r.id FROM (

        SELECT zi.id AS id, Max(zi.priority) as prio
        FROM jos_zoo_item AS zi
        JOIN jos_zoo_search_index AS zsi ON zsi.item_id = zi.id
        LEFT JOIN jos_zoo_tag AS zt ON zt.item_id = zi.id
        JOIN jos_zoo_category_item AS zci ON zci.item_id = zi.id
        **JOIN adress_zoo AS az ON az.zoo_id = zi.id**

        WHERE 1=1
        AND ( (zci.category_id != 0 AND ( zt.name != 'prolong' OR zt.name is NULL))
        OR (zci.category_id = 0 AND zt.name = 'prolong') )
        AND zi.type = 'telefoni'
        AND zsi.element_id = '44d3b1fd-40f6-4fd7-9444-7e11643e2cef'
        AND zsi.value = 'Small'
        AND zci.category_id > 15
        **AND az.adress_id = 5**

        GROUP BY zci.category_id ) AS r
  )

  AND a.application_id = 6
  AND a.access IN (1,1)
  AND a.state = 1
  AND (a.publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_up <= '2012-06-07 07:51:26')
  AND (a.publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_down >= '2012-06-07 07:51:26')
  AND zsi2.element_id = '1c3cd26e-666d-4f8f-a465-b74fffb4cb14'

  GROUP BY a.id
  ORDER BY zsi2.value ASC

The query will usually return about 25 records.
Based on your experience, will this query perform acceptable (respond within say 3 seconds)?
What can I do to optimise this?
As adviced by @Jack I ran the query with EXPLAIN and got this:

A: This part is an important limiter:
az.adress_id = 5

MySQL will limit the table to only those records where adress_id matches before joining it with the rest of the statement, so it will depend on how big you think that result set might be.
Btw, you have a UNIQUE(adress_id, zoo_id) and a separate INDEX. Is there a particular reason? Because the first part of a spanning key can be used by MySQL to select with as well.
What's also important is to use EXPLAIN to understand how MySQL will "attack" your query and return the results. See also: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/execution-plan-information.html

A: To avoid subquery you can try to rewrite your query as:
SELECT a.* FROM jos_zoo_item AS a
  JOIN jos_zoo_search_index AS zsi2 ON zsi2.item_id = a.id
  INNER JOIN
  (
     SELECT ** distinct ** r.id FROM (

        SELECT zi.id AS id, Max(zi.priority) as prio
        FROM jos_zoo_item AS zi
        JOIN jos_zoo_search_index AS zsi ON zsi.item_id = zi.id
        LEFT JOIN jos_zoo_tag AS zt ON zt.item_id = zi.id
        JOIN jos_zoo_category_item AS zci ON zci.item_id = zi.id
        **JOIN adress_zoo AS az ON az.zoo_id = zi.id**

        WHERE 1=1
        AND ( (zci.category_id != 0 AND ( zt.name != 'prolong' OR zt.name is NULL))
        OR (zci.category_id = 0 AND zt.name = 'prolong') )
        AND zi.type = 'telefoni'
        AND zsi.element_id = '44d3b1fd-40f6-4fd7-9444-7e11643e2cef'
        AND zsi.value = 'Small'
        AND zci.category_id > 15
        **AND az.adress_id = 5**

        GROUP BY zci.category_id ) AS r
  ) T
    on a.id = T.id
  where
  AND a.application_id = 6
  AND a.access IN (1,1)
  AND a.state = 1
  AND (a.publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_up <= '2012-06-07 07:51:26')
  AND (a.publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_down >= '2012-06-07 07:51:26')
  AND zsi2.element_id = '1c3cd26e-666d-4f8f-a465-b74fffb4cb14'

  GROUP BY a.id
  ORDER BY zsi2.value ASC

This approach don't perform subquery for each candidate row. Performance may be increased only if T is calculated in few milliseconds.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Letters to the Editor - 26/11 - Lobbying airports, State banking, Best of Twitter | City A.M.
The main problem with Stewart Wingate's argument is his approach to state planning: "Out to the 2040s, there is only enough demand for one new runway." But in the case of London's airports, there is no good reason why Gatwick and Stansted can't both have a second runway, while Heathrow gets an extra two runways. The owners of each airport would have to balance their future increased income against the expansion cost, rather than the current approach of lobbying so that their airport wins all the future income.
Establishing a bank backed by public sector pensions is not the answer to funding small businesses. Banks should sink or swim, and should not be bankrolled by taxpayers or their pensions. A far better way of assisting the small business sector is through cutting corporation and capital gains tax, or perhaps even by offering them a VAT holiday. In short, we need a more free and less regulated small business sector to lead our economic recovery, not yet another state-backed banking institution.
Producer prices in Spain in October fell by 0.6 per cent, meaning the annual rate is now -0.2 per cent.
As details come in, the Iran deal looks truly historic, a great achievement.
Forward rates suggest Fed tightening – whenever it happens – will be more gradual than past episodes.
There have been 69 IPOs in 2013, valued at £17.3bn. Last year, value of IPOs was £2.8bn. Great progress.


The media get religion . . . literally?
If the press really wants to secure its future, here's a modest proposal: It ought to declare itself a religion. The tax benefits, as the accountants say, would be substantial--and there would be other advantages, too.
More broadly, as New York University's Jay Rosen points out (and noted earlier), American journalism itself constitutes a sort of religion, "a belief system and meaning-making kit that is shared across editorial cultures in mainstream newsrooms." What qualifies as news reflects an idealized notion of democracy. Public corruption brings forth righteous wrath from the press's pulpit. Reporters strive to "evoke indignation at the violation of social values," media scholars James S. Ettema and Theodore L. Glasser observe in their book "Custodians of Conscience"--as, they add, the prophet Jeremiah did.
Just as the Puritans vowed to purify the Church of England, journalists seek to purify the country's institutions of self-government. "Democracy," Philadelphia Evening Bulletin editor Fred Fuller Shedd declared in 1931, "functions largely through the efficient service of the newspaper"--no great leap from "No one comes to the Father except through me." The Scripps Newspapers' motto admonishes, "Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way." See also John 8:12: "I am the light of the world."
It shouldn't be that hard to reposition the press as a church. It's already halfway there.
Not quite what Terry & Co. had in mind when they named the site.


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I know there's not much going on the genealogy world but there's no reason we can't chat.
So this is a first for our board: an off topic chat thread. Please be nice!
So where's everyone gone these days? Are you all on summer holidays?
Pinky banned for off topic post!
I've been footing turf the past few days which has kept me away from my family tree.
Hot weather for it but there was a welcome breeze today.
Great idea for a thread but IMO it would be best to keep it somehow linked to a geno theme?
I sent in a piece to the IGRS a while back for their "80 at 80" project - I had one 'on the stocks' which I adapted and sent off but that has prompted me to think about writing about an event in a collateral branch of my family involving a family rather than an individual. That needs to be done for posterity so it will occupy me for the autumn nights.
I've also submitted a story to the IGRS 80th archive. I chose my gg grandfather who had a 31 year army career.
I hope he was on active duty and not in the guardhouse! I hope it will be included - do you know what the response has been like to the call for articles?
Good response but we'd like more. People are generally positive about reading them but less proactive about writing them!!
Although it is early yet, the time passes very quickly! Any other Boardsies risen to the IGRS challenge?
I'm too obsessed with dead people to be bothered by holidays!
Visit Thomas from Presence's homepage!
Maybe I will write about my 'twice baptised, twice married, outlived the husband, went to the US and damn near outlived everyone there too' great great grand-mother.
I feel I should try write something on the two interesting tree entrants (one is not a blood ancestor, but the mother of a stepmother of a direct ancestor) that take up a lot of my time and that I've found a lot on; but I'm not sure I could make it interesting enough. I also need to fill in an RIC ancestors site survey for someone on here for one of them before I do that!
If this was a few years later than now, and the potential subject lives a little longer, I have a potential "third wife outlives the first wife by 100 years" coming up, and its not even that scandalous age wise.
Last edited by L1011; 07-06-2016 at 23:20.
Write all of these people up! They sound great.
Some tips: I fleshed out my gg-grandfather's story. I knew he was in the army so I looked at where his regiment went over time and what was happening in those places while he was there. Came away with a more rounded picture of him, and only wish I had a photo to accompany the biography. His army record gives a description which apparently included tattoos, but they fail to say of what!
The work should focus upon the life story of ONE Irish-born ancestor or relative, with their provenance clearly stated. Please do not submit extended family histories as these will not be acceptable.
Separate essays would be required anyway, they never met!
.......... His army record gives a description which apparently included tattoos, but they fail to say of what!
This guy was pre-WWI - I have also seen war records with tattoos described.


Since Reddit's creation in 2005, the platform has earned its title as the "frontpage of the Internet." Reddit, a popular social networking site and forum, has over 300 million users, 140,000 active communities, and boasts over 14 million monthly pageviews (source). Considering this expansive reach, it only makes sense for marketers to wonder how they can use Reddit to their advantage.
In a recent blog post, we offered some tips on using Reddit to conduct market research. But, beyond that particular use case, marketers can also convert Reddit into a successful marketing channel.
If you've never considered incorporating Reddit into your marketing strategy, today's blog post is for you. We explain why Reddit is useful to marketers, and offer several tips to best approach this channel. Let's get into it!
Reddit is structured like an elaborate message board, where users submit both links and text posts for other Redditors to comment on. Rather than one centralized location, Reddit is made up of hundreds of thousands of subfolders that act as individual forums—referred to as "subreddits".
Unlike most social media platforms, Reddit uses a voting system to sort posts. Instead of seeing posts generated by a complex algorithm, users can "upvote" or "downvote" posts based on how interesting, engaging and relevant they are.
Posts that receive many upvotes and comments rise to the top of their given subreddit. Meaning, the top post is the first thing a person sees when they visit the page—and the top post is also likely to garner the most social engagement.
Each subreddit has its own moderators and regulations, but there's one common sticking point. Redditors value authentic content and interaction and detest overt self-promotion—which can put them at odds with marketers. But, as we'll explain throughout this post, there are ways markers can use Reddit to their advantage—without violating the rules.
1. Identify your target subreddits.
Reddit may seem like one massive community, but it's more so a network of thousands of smaller communities—as each subreddit focuses on its own topic and has a dedicated group of unique subscribers.
Relevance: It goes without saying, you should only post in subreddits that relate to your brand and products. For example, if you work for a software company, you won't have much luck posting in a sports or entertainment subreddit. Search Reddit for industry keywords to locate the subreddits that align with the topics your brand covers.
Audience size: More general subreddits can have hundreds of thousands of subscribers, while more niche topics will have much smaller audiences. Both have their benefits for marketers—a successful post in a large subreddit will generate much more traffic, but you can establish a more visible presence in a smaller subreddit.
Activity: Not all subreddits are created equal—some have incredibly active subscribers who post and comment daily, while other subreddits are practically dormant. We recommend you avoid subreddits that garner little to no engagement, even if their focus is relevant to your brand.
Once you've zeroed in on a few target subreddits, the expansiveness of Reddit will seem far less intimidating. You can always venture into other communities, but having a core group of subreddits is crucial to creating a focused marketing strategy.
2. Post links to other websites.
This tip may seem counterintuitive—after all, if you're trying to generate traffic to your website, why should you waste time posting other businesses' content? But, hear us out. Reddit is unlike any other social platform—the success of your marketing efforts won't depend on how many engaged followers you have. Instead, it's your reputation that matters most—and on Reddit, that reputation is referred to as "Karma".
Your Karma score represents your level of positive participation on Reddit and it's measured by the number of "upvotes" you receive. If you frequently post high-quality content, your Karma score will rise. The higher your Karma score, the more visibility your future submissions will have. But, posting your own content too often can violate subreddit policies and result in your Karma dropping rather than increasing.
The best solution? Post content your community will find interesting. If you stumble upon a relevant new video or article, share it in one of your favorite subreddits to generate a conversation. Just remember to double-check that the content hasn't already been posted by another user—as duplicate posts can also damage your Karma score.
3. Share valuable, non-promotional content.
Once you've begun to build a positive Karma score, you can start to post your own content within your target subreddits. But, as we've stated, you must be strategic with your approach to avoid any backlash. Redditors reject obvious promotion because the platform is built on organic discussion between human beings, not between marketers and customers. Make sure the content you post offers value and entices other Redditors to interact with it.
For example—sharing a link to a product page will signal that you're a marketer who wants to promote products, not an engaged community member. On the other hand, a blog post about the benefits of a particular product will be more useful to your fellow community members and, as a result, is more likely to be upvoted and commented on.
You can even adjust your post titles to be more open-ended and encourage participation. For a post titled "5 Modern Tips for B2B Email Marketing", you could title your Reddit submission "How has email marketing changed in recent years?" A more conversational and open-ended title will encourage people to comment with their own opinions. This additional activity will boost your post's visibility and ultimately increase clicks on your link.
4. Invest in Reddit Advertising.
Throughout this post, we've stressed the importance of avoiding blatant self-promotion on Reddit. But, there is one way to give your posts an added boost without fear of repercussion—Reddit Advertising. Much like Facebook, Twitter, and other social platforms, Reddit offers its own unique advertising functionality for users who want to increase the visibility of their posts.
As with any advertising program, Reddit Advertising has a unique set of pros and cons. For one, it's relatively inexpensive and can produce significant results thanks to the size of the Reddit community. But, Reddit doesn't offer the same level of analytics and reporting as platforms like Facebook and Twitter.
Here's how it works: Sponsored Reddit posts display at the top of the subreddits you choose to target. You pay for the specific duration that your post is pinned to the front page, and for the number of impressions you receive. This applies to both links and text posts.
Keep in mind, sponsored Reddit ads don't look any different than traditional posts. So, you should follow the same posting guidelines we discussed in our previous point. Share content that you think your audience will want to engage with.
5. Create your own subreddit.
Our last tip will require the most time and energy, but if you're successful, you can turn Reddit into one of your most valuable marketing channels. After you've built an established presence on Reddit, you can create your own branded subreddit for your audience to join. Think of a branded subreddit as a forum where your customers and prospects can directly interact with you and each other.
Promote your subreddit: There's no way around it—in its early stages, your subreddit won't garner a significant number of subscribers and engaged visitors. If you want your subreddit to grow into a legitimate channel, you'll need to promote it heavily on other platforms. We recommend offering an incentive to those who check out or engage with posts in your subreddit.
Hold exclusive Q&As: One of the most popular forms of Reddit posts is an "AMA", short for "Ask Me Anything." This refers to a celebrity, influencer, or other high-profile personality using Reddit to respond to fan comments and questions. To drive traffic to your subreddit, consider holding an AMA featuring a prominent employee or influencer.
Offer customer service: When customers visit your subreddit, they'll expect to interact with you directly. We recommend you pin a couple introductory posts to the top of your subreddit. These include a welcome message explaining the rules and purpose of your subreddit, an FAQ post, and a discussion post for questions, comments, and suggestions.
Of course, this list of key considerations is by no means comprehensive. Try out new ideas and get creative!
On the surface, Reddit may seem like an obsolete platform for marketers. Given the site's unique structure and posting rules, we don't blame you for avoiding Reddit up until this point. But, we hope we have encouraged you to consider incorporating Reddit into your digital marketing strategy. Yes, it's different than the other social channels you use—but it can also generate tremendous results.
And, the beauty of Reddit is how diverse and expansive it is as a social platform. You can use the site for years and still discover new subreddits and communities to use to market your brand. So, don't be scared off by Reddit's anti-marketing reputation.
If you're ready to scale your marketing programs and see a drastic improvement in marketing results, contact ZoomInfo today. Our business database is the tool marketers need to take their efforts to the next level.


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The Dragon Academy
Reviews of The Dragon Academy — Admissions
All reviews Alumni Students Parents
Shanti Barclay - Parent (Mar 29, 2018)
The admissions processed involved an amazing kind of "afternoon tea" with the principle on a beautiful summer day, in her wonderful office on a couch. It did not take long before my husband and I were fully immersed in Dragon life so admitting our next two kids was a breeze.
Kate Hilton - Parent (Apr 02, 2018)
The admissions process at the Dragon is less structured and more effective than at larger schools. Parents and students sit down with the principal, and students subsequently visit. Dragon is a small community, and the admissions process is about assessing 'fit'. I left the admissions process with a very clear sense of the mission of the school. I never felt that I had been force-fed a brand, or told what the school wanted to be; I was told exactly what it is: a community of gifted non-conformists. Both of my sons were delighted with their day visit to the Dragon, and I believe that it is absolutely the right way to assess fit. Students who visit will have an accurate picture of what the school is like. There is never an effort to put on a false show for visitors.
Sebastian Swarney - Alumnus (Apr 04, 2018)
Applying to the Dragon was a great process. I got to have a tryout day at Dragon where I could see if it was a fit for me and everything around that was smooth when it comes to applying.
Gideon Scanlon - Alumnus (Apr 04, 2018)
The admissions involved an interview and some sort of testing, as I recall. I believe the process now involves a test -- though I could not say for sure. I do remember an hour-long conversation designed to gauge me as a fit.
Benjamin persofsky - Alumnus (Apr 04, 2018)
Go for a visit. When I first heard about the school I was very skeptical, it was only through meeting the staff and seeing the classes that I was able to understand that it was the right school for me. The Dragon Academy will be the first to admit that it is not the right school for everyone, but if it is right for you it could completely change your life.
Bret Seifert-Pizzuti - Alumnus (Apr 07, 2018)
Admissions was easy as the school is small. It was easy to speak to the principal and teachers, sit in on a class etc. The best advice I could give is to sit in on a class, or spend a day there, and see if it is a good fit as the Socratic method is very different from a traditional classroom environment. Based on what I saw prospective students who spent a day there would end up being fairly certain if it was the right school for them.
Casey Samii - Student (Apr 07, 2018)
During my visit, I was completely unaware of the fact that the principal of the school was assessing me. I later found out that I was accepted into the school. I was shocked as I was very shy at the time and was very quiet during my visit.
Leah Walker - Alumnus (Apr 08, 2018)
The admission process at Dragon, in my experience, was very straightforward. I attended an open house at the school, where my parents and I had the opportunity to speak with Dr. Fox, and then I spent a day at the school with my potential future classmates. I was able to speak with Dr. Fox over the course of that day a great deal, and by the end was able to tell that Dragon was the right fit for me; I filled out a brief application form in the following days. All the staff at Dragon are very open and welcome questions, making it easy for potential students and parents to decide if the school is right for them.
Tony Itchystitch - Alumnus (Apr 09, 2018)
I visited the school for a day, as I think anyone should. It will strike you as odd, walking into a school that looks like a house, and meeting a class that feels like a family. I could not have felt more welcome. I met every teacher and had class with a few. The students spoke to me like they knew me. By lunch time, I didn't feel like a visitor. I felt like I was already part of that family. At the end of the day, the principal, who was, and continues to be, one of the most caring and thoughtful people I know, sat down with me to discuss my day, and help me figure out if the school would be a good fit. It didn't take long. It fit me like a glove.
Randa Higazy - Student (Apr 12, 2018)
My advice to anyone that is planning on applying for admission at the Dragon Academy is to meet the principal and visit the school for a full school day. Going for a visit made me get a sense of the community, the friendly atmosphere and quality of teaching at Dragon Academy, making me very excited to attend the school and become part of that community. I highly recommend visiting the school for a day for anyone interested in applying. The admission process is very simple - you meet with the school principal so you get to know each other and you fill in the application with questions about yourself. You really just have to be yourself.
View all reviews (10)
Shanti Barclay [Parent]
Kate Hilton [Parent]
Gideon Scanlon [Alumnus]
Sebastian Swarney [Alumnus]
Benjamin persofsky [Alumnus]
Bret Seifert-Pizzuti [Alumnus]
Casey Samii [Student]
Tony Itchystitch [Alumnus]
Leah Walker [Alumnus]
Randa Higazy [Student]
Alumnus reviews (6)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The bold modern designer styling of the Octane Flash Home Theater Seat is both inspiring and innovative. The Flash is ergonomically designed to reduce stress on the back, legs, and hips. This seat features high density cushioning equipped with individually pocketed coils and wrapped in a poly Dacron covering to ensure longevity of comfort and durability of form.
Not only is the Flash supportive and relaxing, but it also offers a wide variety of options including heat and massage, storage, and customizable upholstery. This seat group is technologically superior in both function and form.


In this tug of war between threats and opportunities, many firms may go out of business and those who shall survive shall emerge stronger. The firms shall require more than resources and luck to remain successful. They shall be required to constantly sharpen their competitive edge.
There was a time when physical infrastructure and manufacturing strengths were huge competitive advantages. However, over time, every firm has more or less acquired similar strengths. The focus has now shifted to marketing and distribution strengths. However, given the importance attached to developing these strengths and the investment that have gone into the same, it is just a matter of time when many firms emerge at par.
The next big competitive edge shall come from information technology. Companies shall be recognized not by its intelligence quotient but its information quotient. Real time supply chain and logistic management, business intelligence, pipelines inventory tracking systems, decision support systems and other cutting edge technology solutions shall change the way in which the business is done. Technology shall redefine process and structures.
However, creating this edge is not easy. There are no smooth roads, no set standards and no blue prints to follow. Thinking, rethinking, researching, engineering and re-engineering becomes the tools for change. Trials and errors would normally determine the fate of any technology initiative. Information is lost in the huge debris of data. After immense efforts and huge sums of money spent on in house information technology drives, it is felt that the outcome is a cropper.
This is where Lemon helps. We have developed extensive diamond inventory tracking and decision support system, payroll system, financial accounting systems and other sophisticated software to enable your enterprise to excel.


CPS is not going to balk about that!
This entry was posted in Pregnancy and birth, Vaccine Injection Room and tagged Child Cruely on March 31, 2016 by Editor.
"I think obviously vaccinations work: Vaccination has worked for many, many years. […] I am sensitive to the fact that there are some families who disagree but the difficulty is if I have a kid who is suffering from an illness who is subjected to a kid who walks into a room without vaccines that could kill that child and that's wrong".
VLA Comment: The good of the collective over the individual is a Fascist ideology.
"The single most important issue in this election is the purposeful disabling of the emerging generations of humanity! Without a coherent race of humankind, no other issue for humanity or this election is of any real significance" – Eileen Dannemann, Director, National Coalition of Organized Women (NCOW).
"Be sure to share this with anyone who could be confused over the matter. This man would be a horrible choice for any parent who believes in parental rights.
Hillary Clinton: "The science is clear: The earth is round, the sky is blue, and vaccines work. Let's protect all our kids".
The issue of the inordinate use of vaccination mandates on the population was brought up in the first GOP debate due primarily to 4 courageous men, namely and foremost, Donald J. Trump; Dr. Ben Carson, Dr. Rand Paul and Governor Chris Christie. In the past few years, the National Vaccine Information Center (www.NVIC.org) has followed well over 150 State bills seeking to remove religious exemptions; to erode parental authority over our children; and to give power to government to legally compel unwanted medical treatments on the population…no shots-no school, no shots-no job; In this highly intense battle amongst the polarities we have become aware that virtually all these State and Federal legislation have been initiated and driven by the Democratic Party. Bernie Sanders on parental rights and vaccine mandates 2016: "I think obviously vaccinations work: Vaccination has worked for many, many years…a kid who walks into a room without vaccines could kill that child… and that's wrong!". Hillary Clinton on vaccines 2015:"The science is clear: The earth is round, the sky is blue, and vaccines work. Let's protect all our kids".
This entry was posted in Liberty & Freedom Room, Motivational Speakers and tagged Bernie Sanders on March 29, 2016 by Editor.
VLA published this year ago. But here is a timely reminder.
The Sloan Foundation hands out cash awards of up to $20,000 to each person involved in the films it selects as portraying the "correct message" about science and technology, almost always portraying science schemes as the answers to the problems of the world (and promoting eugenics, genetic engineering, vaccines and synthetic biology along the way).
This entry was posted in Liberty & Freedom Room, Motivational Speakers on March 29, 2016 by Editor.
Adam & Eve read article.
This is the 'road of genius' that British 18th century poet William Blake referred to when he wrote: "The straight road is a road of 'progress', but the crooked road is the road of genius." Adam & Eve read article.
This entry was posted in Spirituality & Meditation and tagged Adam & Eve, original sin on March 28, 2016 by Editor.
This entry was posted in Government experimentation on the public, Liberty & Freedom Room, Motivational Speakers on March 27, 2016 by Editor.
This entry was posted in Gardasil HPV Vaccine, Medical information and Research Data, Personal Stories Vaccine Injuries, Pregnancy and birth, RESEARCH, STUDIES, DOCUMENTATION, Vaccine Injection Room on March 24, 2016 by Editor.
VLA comment: Interesting point-it was observed that West Nile Virus (WNV) will lie dormant in individuals who were exposed to chicken pox, thus upon exposure to WNV aerial vaccines the potential for the release of chicken pox virus would cause a greater risk to having adult onset Shingles.
Australia have approved a license application from Big Pharma company PaxVax for the intentional release of a GMO vaccine consisting of live bacteria into Queensland, via chemtrails.
CALIFORNIA AERIAL SPRAYING for WNV and SV40 In February 2009 to present date, aerial spraying for the WNV occurred in major cities within the State of California.
Florida: Aerial vaccines have used in the United States directed towards animals by the use of plastic packets dropped by planes or helicopters.Sanofi (who is one of the largest vaccine manufacturers in the world) has subsidiary companies such as Merial Limited who manufacture Raboral, an oral live-virus poisonous to humans yet distributed wildlife in the masses.
This entry was posted in Geo-engineering, Chemtrails & Global Warming, Government experimentation on the public, Liberty & Freedom Room on March 23, 2016 by Editor.


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We really understand how important the bathroom is and want to help you recreate the perfect bathroom you fell for in that fabulous hotel you visited or in the pages of a glossy magazine - and we happily accept that challenge! In fact, we take pride in bringing joy to your everyday routines.
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Q: How to use static ip address for Firebase to connect to MongoDB How to use static ip address for Firebase to connect to MongoDB
Hello,
I'm using a Flutter/Firebase project, and for some reasons I need to also user MongoDB.
I saw that you can only authorize some ip to access your Mongo database, which I guess is a good practice.
The problem is that Firebase has dynamic ip addresses for its servers, and I saw that I was possible to assign a static address thanks to this procedure : https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/networking/network-settings
I followed the procedure, creating a new VPC network, then a NAT cloud, router etc... to finally obtain a static IP (which is described in https://console.cloud.google.com/networking/addresses/list) used by the router.
I thought I followed every step as asked, but when I add that ip address to MongoDB whitelist, the connection between Firebase Cloud Functions and MongoDB seem to still be blocked.
Anyone already tried that and could help me ?


text:
Q: How to inject a service component in Spring Test class using Kotlin? I am trying to test the business logic/services. Using Kotlin in my Spring Boot application, I am trying to instantiate my services, using the test class constructor. But this is not allowed, as I am getting a ParameterResolutionException.
This is my code:
@SpringBootTest
class IntermediateApplicationTests(val ticketService: TicketService) {

    @Test
    fun contextLoads() {
    }

}

How can I achieve this?
Thanks for every help!

A: You can use the @Autowired annotation to do this:
@SpringBootTest
class IntermediateApplicationTests @Autowired constructor(
    val ticketService: TicketService
) {

    @Test
    fun contextLoads() {
    }

}

In fact this is the recommended way of doing injection and the IDEA Spring plugin will complain if you do it some other way.


Oct. 26, 2016 3:04 p.m.
Melissa Kreil, a Red Deer native, is part of a team that has received a $10,000 grant from TELUS' program, STORYHIVE. With help from the community, a total of 30 finalists were selected from B.C. and Alberta to bring their digital short projects to life.
This STORYHIVE edition called on female directors in B.C. and Alberta to push the limits and pitch out of the box, genre bending ideas, according to a release.
Kreil has been a part of several STORYHIVE projects including Plight, Heartsong and Codependent Ghost Girl. Her focus is on producing, assistant directing and production management.
"It's an amazing opportunity, so we thought let's go for it – let's get our pitch in there and get some really cool people involved," she explained during a recent chat. Fami Kaur wrote the project, and will also be directing the short, said Kreil.
Ultimately, HENNA will be about five minutes in length, but the amount of time and intricate attention to the tiniest of details that goes into that is striking.
The team is now well into pro-production which includes casting the project, find locations, hiring crew and such.
One winning digital project from each province (one from B.C. and one from Alberta) will be eventually selected to receive customized career training and mentorship programs, attendance to the Banff World Media Festival and distribution on a select TELUS platform.
As to the film itself, the synopsis reads, "We all have our own power struggle within ourselves; sometimes the struggle between darkness and light in the brain is too real.
For Kreil, it's all a fabulous way to bring a project to life – and she's been honing her skills for some time now.
She's been creating videos for YouTube for more than five years, she said. "I graduated from high school in 2013 – and I took a year off to really think about it, and I was like, I might as well pursue something that I'm really passionate about," she said, adding then she then m0ved to Edmonton to attend NAIT.
In the years prior to her formal education in the craft, she was quite self-taught.
And it was also via a stage managing stint at Lindsay Thurber Comprehensive High School that she also learned she liked the leadership role. "That was where I really found my element – that I really liked being in charge, being friends with people while also bossing them around," she added with a laugh.
She's also not lost on the absolute importance of collaboration.
Meanwhile, fans will now vote and select one winning digital short project from each province.
For more information about HENNA, check out http://www.storyhive.com/project/show/id/1663.


My most favourite thing to do on week nights is going to Girl Guides. We go to Zap Attack, the Police Station, the movies and most of all camping. Some camps we go to are Emily Park (15 minutes away), Adelaide (1 hour away), Doe Lake (3 hours away). Did you do Girl Guides? In Girl Guides we have lots of badges, we have several components to earn the badges. You have 3 years in Guides and then you move onto Pathfinders, but there is a catch to it. To move on we have to earn a Lady Baden-Powell award. Sure, Girl Guides is all fun and games, but there are some rules to keep us safe like no bullying, no yelling, and most of all no going through people's bags. My leaders' names are Katie and Trixie. The uniform is dark blue on the edge of the sleeve and light blue on the shirt and old navy pants. That's why my favourite thing to do on weeknights is going to Girl Guides on Tuesdays!
Meg (second from the left) with her unit at Bon Echo.
Meaghen was very excited about this assignment, but it did take some time to complete. Meaghen was very pleased with what she put together and met me at the door with the assignment so I could read it right away. Meaghen loves Guiding. She started as a Brownie on the advice of Mrs. Newby, her resource teacher, who thought that it would help with her confidence issues.
I have watched her grow over the past five years in ways I never imagined possible. Meaghen is now very goal-orientated and completes three to five badges per month. We have used badges to help her learn research and writing skills. Girl Guide badges are very well set up because she can complete one task and move onto the next one; it also aids in developing her organization skills.
The most wonderful accomplishment we have had with Guiding is her attendance at week-long camps. She has been to Camp Adelaide for two summers (Explorers and Wilderness Adventures) and has been to Doe Lake for the March Break Camp and just got home from Doe this past weekend. She has also learned canoeing skills which she is very excited about and has been teaching me! She is considering going to the 2-week long – 4-day tripping camp at Doe next summer. This is amazing growth for a child who had difficulty making friends in earlier years!
Guiding has provided her with opportunities and experiences that my husband and I would not have been able to. The wonderful thing about Meaghen's piece is that it illustrates to me that she loves Guiding as much as I do.
Thank you so much to Jeannette and Meaghan for sharing their story with GirlGuidesCANBlog.
This entry was posted in Girls' Guides and tagged female role models, Guides, inclusivity, leadership. Bookmark the permalink.
Excellent! I loved this story.
Love this… what an amazing affirmation of the work we do!
Thank you for sharing this lovely story! It actually brought tears to my eyes!
I am my daughter's Spark leader. I never had any experience in guiding before last year. Sometimes being a volunteer can feel very overwhelming and time consuming but when you hear such a lovely story, you realize it is so worth the effort!! I am so honoured to be a part of something that has such an enormous impact on young girls lives.


text:
Egyptian Court Upholds Muslim Brotherhood Executions
Egypt's highest civilian court issued a final decision in a landmark Muslim Brotherhood case, upholding the 2018 death sentences of 12 of the movement's members convicted of killing policemen, destroying public property and possessing illegal weapons during the 2013 mass protests in Cairo. The justices reduced the sentences of 31 other defendants. Human rights organizations and foreign governments have condemned Egypt for its crackdown against protests and its treatment of detainees, following the July 2013 coup that ousted former President Mohammed Morsi and elevated President Abdel-Fattah el-Sisi to the throne. After Morsi's removal, police stormed tens of thousands of his Muslim Brotherhood supporters protesting in the capital, killing some 800 civilians in a single day. El-Sisi later outlawed the Islamist movement, which was founded in Egypt in 1928. In April, nine of its members were executed for killing 13 officers during the 2013 troubles.


text:
package com.du.codewarriorcontact.database;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.provider.ContactsContract;

import com.du.codewarriorcontact.Utils;
import com.du.codewarriorcontact.model.Contact;
import com.j256.ormlite.android.apptools.OpenHelperManager;
import com.j256.ormlite.dao.RuntimeExceptionDao;
import com.j256.ormlite.stmt.QueryBuilder;
import com.j256.ormlite.stmt.UpdateBuilder;

public class CWDAO {

	private DatabaseHelper databaseHelper = null;
	private RuntimeExceptionDao<FacebookContacts, Integer> facebookContactsDAO = null;
	private RuntimeExceptionDao<GmailContacts, Integer> gmailContactsDAO = null;
	private RuntimeExceptionDao<PhoneContacts, Integer> phoneContactsDAO = null;
	private RuntimeExceptionDao<SingleContacts, Integer> singleContactsDAO = null;
	private RuntimeExceptionDao<Reminder, Integer> reminderDAO = null;
	private RuntimeExceptionDao<WishList, Integer> wishListDAO = null;
	//getter and setter
	public DatabaseHelper getDatabaseHelper(){
		return databaseHelper;
	}
	public void setDatabaseHelper(DatabaseHelper dbh){
		this.databaseHelper = dbh;
	}
	public DatabaseHelper getHelper(Activity ac) {
	    if (databaseHelper == null) {
	        databaseHelper = OpenHelperManager.getHelper(ac, DatabaseHelper.class);
	    }
	    return databaseHelper;
	}
	public RuntimeExceptionDao<FacebookContacts, Integer> getFacebookContactsDAO() {
		return facebookContactsDAO;
	}
	public void setFacebookContactsDAO(RuntimeExceptionDao<FacebookContacts, Integer> facebookContactsDAO) {
		this.facebookContactsDAO = facebookContactsDAO;
	}
	public RuntimeExceptionDao<GmailContacts, Integer> getGmailContactsDAO() {
		return gmailContactsDAO;
	}
	public void setGmailContactsDAO(RuntimeExceptionDao<GmailContacts, Integer> gmailContactsDAO) {
		this.gmailContactsDAO = gmailContactsDAO;
	}
	public RuntimeExceptionDao<PhoneContacts, Integer> getPhoneContactsDAO() {
		return phoneContactsDAO;
	}
	public void setPhoneContactsDAO(RuntimeExceptionDao<PhoneContacts, Integer> phoneContactsDAO) {
		this.phoneContactsDAO = phoneContactsDAO;
	}
	public RuntimeExceptionDao<SingleContacts, Integer> getSingleContactsDAO() {
		return singleContactsDAO;
	}
	public void setSingleContactsDAO(RuntimeExceptionDao<SingleContacts, Integer> singleContactsDAO) {
		this.singleContactsDAO = singleContactsDAO;
	}
	public RuntimeExceptionDao<Reminder, Integer> getReminderDAO() {
		return reminderDAO;
	}
	public void setReminderDAO(RuntimeExceptionDao<Reminder, Integer> reminderDAO) {
		this.reminderDAO = reminderDAO;
	}
	public RuntimeExceptionDao<WishList, Integer> getWishListDAO() {
		return wishListDAO;
	}
	public void setWishListDAO(RuntimeExceptionDao<WishList, Integer> wishListDAO) {
		this.wishListDAO = wishListDAO;
	}

	//singleton pattern
	public CWDAO(){}
	private static CWDAO cwdao = null;
	public static CWDAO getCWdao(){
		if(cwdao == null){
			cwdao = new CWDAO();
		}
		return cwdao;
	}

	public void init(Activity ac){
		databaseHelper = getHelper(ac);
		setFacebookContactsDAO(databaseHelper.getFacebookContactsDAO());
		setGmailContactsDAO(databaseHelper.getGmailContactsDAO());
		setPhoneContactsDAO(databaseHelper.getPhoneContactsDAO());
		setSingleContactsDAO(databaseHelper.getSingleContactsDAO());
		setReminderDAO(databaseHelper.getReminderDAO());
		setWishListDAO(databaseHelper.getWishListDAO());
	}
	public void close(){
		if (databaseHelper != null) {
	        OpenHelperManager.releaseHelper();
	        databaseHelper = null;
	    }
	}

	public List<FacebookContacts> getFacebookContacts() {
		return getFacebookContactsDAO().queryForAll();
	}

	public List<Reminder> getAllReminder() {
		return getReminderDAO().queryForAll();
	}

	public List<WishList> getAllWishList() {
		return getWishListDAO().queryForAll();
	}

	public Contact getContactDetailsOfId(Activity ac, long id) throws Exception {
		Contact ct = new Contact();
		QueryBuilder<SingleContacts, Integer> qb = getSingleContactsDAO().queryBuilder();
		qb.where().eq("row_id", id);
		SingleContacts sc = qb.query().get(0);
		if(sc == null) return null;

		String cid = sc.getCid();
		QueryBuilder<PhoneContacts, Integer> qb2 = getPhoneContactsDAO().queryBuilder();
		qb2.where().eq("cid", cid);
		PhoneContacts pc = qb2.query().get(0);
		if(pc == null) return null;
		ct.id = sc.getCid();
		ct.company = pc.getCompany();
		ct.email = pc.getEmail();
		ct.firstName = pc.getFirstName();
		ct.lastName = pc.getLastName();
		ct.jobTitle = pc.getJobTitle();
		ct.phoneNumberHome = pc.getPhoneNumberHome();
		ct.phoneNumberMobile = pc.getPhoneNumberMobile();
		ct.phoneNumberWork = pc.getPhoneNumberWork();
		ct.phoneNumberOther = pc.getPhoneNumberOther();
		ct.group = pc.getGroup();
		ct.photo = Utils.retrieveContactPhoto(ac,Long.parseLong(pc.getPictureUrl()) ) ;
		String uri = pc.getPictureUrl();
		return ct;
	}

	public List<Contact> getContactsList(Activity ac) throws SQLException {
		List<Contact> ret = new ArrayList<Contact>();

		List<SingleContacts> scList = getSingleContactsDAO().queryForAll();
		for (SingleContacts sc : scList ) {
			String cid = sc.getCid();
			String fid = sc.getFid();
			String gid = sc.getGid();

			QueryBuilder<PhoneContacts, Integer> qb = getPhoneContactsDAO().queryBuilder();
			qb.where().eq("cid", cid);
			List<PhoneContacts> qb11 = qb.query();
			if(qb11!=null  && qb11.size()>0)
			{
				PhoneContacts pc = qb11.get(0);
				//will integrate facebook and gmail later.
				ret.add(new Contact(
						Integer.toString(pc.getRowId()),
						pc.getFirstName(),
						pc.getLastName(),
						pc.getPhoneNumberMobile(),
						pc.getPhoneNumberHome(),
						pc.getPhoneNumberWork(),
						pc.getPhoneNumberOther(),
						pc.getNote(),
						pc.getAddress(),
						pc.getEmail(),
						pc.getCompany(),
						pc.getJobTitle(),

						Utils.retrieveContactPhoto(ac,Long.parseLong(pc.getPictureUrl()) ) ));
			}

			QueryBuilder<FacebookContacts, Integer> qb1 = getFacebookContactsDAO().queryBuilder();
			qb1.where().eq("fid", fid);
			List<FacebookContacts> qb2 = qb1.query();
			if(qb2!=null && qb2.size()>0){

				FacebookContacts pc1 = qb2.get(0);
				//will integrate facebook and gmail later.
				ret.add(new Contact(
						Integer.toString(pc1.getRowId()),
						pc1.getFirstName(),
						pc1.getLastName(),
						"",
						"",
						"",
						"",
						"",
						"",
						pc1.getEmail(),
						"",
						"",
						null));
			}
		}
		return ret;
	}

	public void updateIsEmergency(String phoneNo) throws SQLException {
		QueryBuilder<PhoneContacts, Integer> qb = getPhoneContactsDAO().queryBuilder();
		qb.where().eq("phone_number_mobile", phoneNo)
		.or().eq("phone_number_home", phoneNo)
		.or().eq("phone_number_work", phoneNo)
		.or().eq("phone_number_other", phoneNo);
		PhoneContacts pc = qb.query().get(0);
		if(pc != null) {
			UpdateBuilder<SingleContacts, Integer> qb1 = getSingleContactsDAO().updateBuilder();
			qb1.where().eq("cid", pc.getCid());
			qb1.updateColumnValue("is_emergency", 1);
			qb1.update();
		}
	}

	public String hasEmergency() throws SQLException {
		QueryBuilder<SingleContacts, Integer> qb = getSingleContactsDAO().queryBuilder();
		qb.where().eq("is_emergency", 1);
		List<SingleContacts> q = qb.query();
		if(q==null || q.size()<=0)
		{
			return "";
		}
		SingleContacts pc = q.get(0);

		if(pc == null)
			{return "";

			}
		QueryBuilder<PhoneContacts, Integer> qb1 = getPhoneContactsDAO().queryBuilder();
		qb1.where().eq("cid", pc.getCid());
		List<PhoneContacts> phq = qb1.query();
		if(phq==null || phq.size()<=0)	return "";
		PhoneContacts phoneContacts = phq.get(0);
		if(phoneContacts == null) return "";
		return phoneContacts.getPhoneNumberMobile();

	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
LuxLeaks whistleblower avoids jail after guilty verdict
Former PwC employee Antoine Deltour given suspended sentence for theft and violating Luxembourg's secrecy laws
Simon Bowers
@sbowers00
Wed 29 Jun 2016 11.27 EDT Last modified on Tue 28 Nov 2017 13.50 EST
Antoine Deltour, a former employee of PricewaterhouseCoopers, was given a suspended sentence after the LuxLeaks trial Photograph: Julien Warnand/EPA
A former employee of PricewaterhouseCoopers has been convicted of theft by a court in Luxembourg following an unprecedented leak of controversial tax deals granted to many of the world's largest corporations.
Antoine Deltour received a 12-month suspended sentence and was fined €1,500 (£1,200). Deltour was found guilty on charges including theft and violating Luxembourg's strict professional secrecy laws.
In 2014, Deltour won widespread praise for helping bring to light hundreds of controversial tax deals granted in previous years by the Luxembourg tax office. The revelations, known as the LuxLeaks, helped lay bare the tax arrangements of companies including Burberry, Pepsi, Ikea, Heinz, Shire Pharmaceuticals and others.
The Guardian and other media outlets, working with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, used the leaked data to expose controversial tax practices rubber-stamped by Luxembourg. The documents disclosed that the the country's authorities had helped 340 big companies to minimise their tax payments, in some cases to 1% or less.
These revelations sparked parliamentary inquiries around the world and helped shape major reforms to the way multinationals are taxed.
But Luxembourg's finance minster, Pierre Gramegna, described the leak as "the worst attack" his country had ever experienced. During Deltour's trial, prosecutors claimed the former PwC employee was an "anti-capitalist" and requested he be sentenced to 18 months in prisoon – though they later indicated they would accept a suspended sentence.
PwC also gave evidence at trial, pressing for a conviction. The accountancy firm insisted Deltour was a thief, not a whistleblower. He was accused of costing the company huge sums, though PwC told the court it sought only a symbolic €1 in damages.
In his annual statement last year, the British boss of PwC Luxembourg, John Parkhouse, said: "We all experienced the impact of the document theft, notoriously known as LuxLeaks. It is a real credit to our community in Luxembourg that we have not only weathered the storm, but have emerged as leaders in the international tax debate as well as retaining strong growth across the economy.
"It is truly in difficult times such as these, that we can feel the unique spirit of Luxembourg."
Outside court, Deltour's supporters immediately indicated he would appeal. In a statement, the whistleblower said his sentence ignored the public interest. It was, he said, "detrimental to citizen's information and the good functioning of the democracy".
His supporters include grassroots activists, dozens of whom protested daily outside the court during his trial, as well as many senior tax reformers and politicians.
Last year, the European competition commissioner, Margrethe Vestager, said: "LuxLeaks could not have happened if it was not for the whistleblower, and the team of investigative journalists. The two worked very well together to change the momentum of the debate about corporate taxation in Europe.
"I think everyone should thank both the whistleblower and the investigative journalists who put a lot of work into this."
France's finance minister, Michel Sapin, has also expressed "solidarity" with Deltour, while more than 200,000 people have signed a petition in support of the 30-year-old whistleblower.
Another former PwC employee, Raphael Halet, was convicted on similar charges on Wednesday relating to the theft of a smaller cache of tax deal papers which was also eventually leaked to journalists. He was given a a nine-month suspended sentence and was fined €1,000.
Edouard Perrin, a French journalist accused of helping Halet, was acquitted.


text:
UAE leaders congratulate Head of Libya's Presidential Council on Independence Day
ABU DHABI, President His Highness Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan has sent a message of congratulations to Mohamed Younis Al-Menfi, Head of the Libyan Presidential Council, on the occasion of his country's Independence Day.
His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President, Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai, and His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, also sent similar greetings to Mohamed Al-Menfi on the occasion.
Source: Emirates News Agency
29,515 doses of COVID-19 vaccine administered during past 24 hours: MoHAP
FTA calls on registrants to avail 30% administrative penalties redetermination


text:
Arson Daily with Holy Roller – Tickets – The Evening Muse – Charlotte, NC – February 7th, 2020
Arson Daily
Arson Daily with Holy Roller
Arson Daily. It's more than an on-the-nose sup nod to the pot smokers of the world. It's the product of over 4 years of basements, bars, van transit, and general disillusionment.
The latter being most apparent, long-time roommates Zach Dunham (guitar/vocals), Adam McLean (drums), and Quincy Platt (bass) have succeeded in conquering adolescence and are actively seeking out maturity. Raleigh-based Arson Daily has made the conscious effort to grow beyond their traditionally raw, garage-rock predispositions by experimenting with new methods of songwriting. Leaving the electric instruments in their noisy home studio, most of Arson Daily's newest album, Late Reflections, has been written in every room of their house on acoustic instruments. After intimately crafting the soul of each song, they would bring it in to their studio to guide it, one small layer at a time, into their eclectic vision featuring sonic qualities comparable to surf-western, Nashville garage rock, and indie radio trash.
Late Reflections, set to release February 2020, was recorded and produced with Mo Lowda and the Humble in Philadelphia. Late Reflections drives listeners through the satisfaction of accomplishment while wrestling with the hesitance and nostalgia that inherently accompanies change. Late Reflections has everything to do with accepting individuality, its inherent susceptibility to rejection, and the unabashed courage to do it anyway.
Richmond, VA based Holy Roller is hitting the scene with their self titled, debut album. With roots dug deep in rock, americana, soul, and country, Holy Roller brings a sound that's as much new as it is a welcome home after too long spent away. Beautiful harmonies that seem to cry out like the rivers they were written for are paired with honest songs of love, loss, home, and heartache. Holy Roller is an absolutely compelling live performance and their recordings are both intimate and exciting, from the homesick, "Oh, Virginia", to the R&B steamroller, "Muscle Up." By way of the stage or by way of their debut album, this a group that wants to take you back to the front porch they grew up on. Holy Roller is a drinking buddy and an arm around your shoulder.


text:
Q: How to send nested JSON input to RESTful web service in Java? How can I send the following nested JSON input to REST web service and read the values in the service's class?
{
 "payload": {
   "objType": "",
      "props": {
        "propName1": "propValue1",
        "propName2": "propValue2"
      },
   "retProps": ["prop1", "prop2"]
   }
}

To read the JSON input which is not nested, I've created a class:
public class MessageInputJSON {

private String payload;
private String objType;
private String prop;
private String retProp;

    // Getters and Setters here
}

And to read the values, I have created the following class :
@POST
@Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
@Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)

public String readJSON(MessageInputJSON message) {

         String payload = message.getPayload();
         String objType = message.getObjType();

    }

But I do not know how to send the nested JSON input and read its value in Java

A: You need to type the transfer Object with the same hierarchy of the json, with your sample the input dto must look like this :
public class Payload {
 private String objType;
 Props PropsObject;
 ArrayList < Object > retProps = new ArrayList < Object > ();

Full object : https://codebeautify.org/json-to-java-converter/cb83de35


Boyfriend Does My Make-up Challenge | Grand Central Magazine | Your Campus. Your Story.
Two Central Michigan University couples, sophomores Alexis Thompson and Kollin Gabrielson, and sophomore Janna Salimovic and junior Zack Jenkins, got together to take on a difficult but fun challenge.
The boyfriends in the video did their girlfriend's make-up while knowing absolutely nothing about it.
Separator image Posted in Beauty, Style, Style & Beauty, Trend and Beauty and tagged with Alexis Thompson, beauty, boyfriend, challenge, comedy, girlfriend, makeup, Style.


This Special Edition of the critically acclaimed This Old Cub completes the inspiring story of Chicago Cubs Legend Ron Santo. Featuring his last interview just weeks before his passing - Ron reflects on his baseball career, his thoughts on the Hall of Fame, and his fight to find a cure for diabetes.
This Old Cub Special Edition captures the emotional final chapter in Ron's life, the send-off the Chicago Cubs and the city of Chicago gave him, his immortalizing statue outside Wrigley Field, and finally the call to the Hall of Fame.
Ron Santo was a player who clicked his heels after every win, perfectly reflecting a time when players played for the love of the game. This is a man who handled everything with grace, humor, and not an ounce of bitterness, Santo is the ultimate optimist and therefore the Heart of the Chicago Cubs.
Ron Santo's Last Interview in Full - only seen on this Special Edition.


text:
Internet Modeler : Features : Aviation RSS News Feed
Czechmaster Resin 1/72 Short S-23
By Russell Bucy
Czechmaster Resin (CMR) released a superb kit of the S-23 in late 2008. For a complete description of the kit, see Jim Schubert's review in the September 2008 issue of Internet Modeler. I was commissioned to build this model for an airline Pilot friend, Derek Hughey, to add to his collection of Imperial Airways memorabilia.
S-23 History
Imperial Airways Short S-23 Empire Flying Boats provided luxury service to the Middle East, Africa, Australia, New Zealand and North America. The entire class of S-23, S-30 and S-33 flying boats numbered 44 aircraft with the S-23s being the largest group in the class. Mediterranean and Indian Ocean versions had smaller outrigger floats, different fuel tank arrangements and different engines than Atlantic versions since they could travel shorter distances between service stops. From 1937-1947, Imperial Airways, BOAC, Tazman Airways and Qantas flew the S-23.
When war broke out in September 1939, Imperial Airways continued to fly over neutral Italy and Spain to points in the Mediterranean and Middle East. With the entry of Italy into WWII in 1940, Imperial Airways was forced to fly it's S-23s around the Bay of Biscay, down Africa's west coast to Cape Town, then up the length of Africa to Cairo. This became famous as the "Horseshoe Route". With the war taking a toll on passenger revenues and resources, British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) took over Imperial Airways service.
A detailed history the S-23 Flying Boats can be found in Brian Cassidy's comprehensive book "Flying Empires". A free downloadable copy can be found at https://www.users.waitrose.com/~mbcass/I'd like to thank Mr. Cassidy for information he provided me for this model. Another excellent site is Bryan Ribbans "Seawings" Flying Boat web page, https://www.seawings.co.uk/which has hundreds of Flying boat photos and information.
Like the Handley Page 42 (see August 2008's Internet Modeler), the S-23 in Imperial Airways service were named for mythological characters from Greek or Roman history.
S-23 serial number S.814 "Castor" was the seventh S-23 built and named for one of the twin sons of Zeus. "Castor" was employed extensively on the Mediterranean and African legs of the "Horseshoe route". In May 1941, Castor was flown by Captain H. O. "Arch" Woodhouse on rescue missions to evacuate military personnel and civilians from Crete during the German airborne invasion. My airline pilot friend has some of Capt. Woodhouse's memorabilia in his collection. Therefore "Castor" became the subject of this model.
CMR's S-23 comes in a sturdy flat cardboard box. Inside are 9 pages of excellent instructions, line drawings and several bags of resin parts. The main components are the fuselage halves, top and bottom wing halves, and solid vertical and horizontal stabilizer parts. Ailerons and flaps are molded with the wings and stabilizers. Also in the box are several bags of nicely molded cockpit parts, engines, props and cowlings. There is a pre-colored etched fret from Eduard for the cockpit.
The resin in the kit is large and stunning. My experience with short run resin kits is with older models which have lots of "surface texture" and tons of air bubbles. Not so with this kit. I found one small air bubble on a wing leading edge, and that was all for the entire kit! There were no flaws, sink marks or protrusions common in other kits. The single piece engine cowlings are flawless, and included the exhaust collector rings and exhausts in two styles for S-23 variants. It's not a "shake the box" kit, but it is superbly designed for model builders with a little experience.
The cockpit sidewalls are accurately reproduced in photo-etch, as are the instrument and radio operator's panel faces. The control columns, seats, floor and radio blocks are finely cast in resin and fit together well. After assembling the cockpit parts, I painted the cockpit floor, sidewalls, seats and radio operator's position Alclad Aluminum, as on the real aircraft. I used small rectangles of black decal sheet cut to size to represent the anti-skid flooring.
The radio operator's table was painted Testor's Model Master Wood Brown, and the pilot's and radio operator's seat cushions and arm rests were painted Model Master Leather. I added lap belts from a spare Eduard RAF belt set. The pre-painted photo-etched radio and instrument panel were attached to the appropriate bulkheads and instrument blocks. Care in painting the cockpit details is essential, as the entire forward part can easily be seen through the large cockpit glazing.
The assembled cockpit was glued to the fuselage with cyanoacrylate; this is where I ran into a problem. The Eduard pre-colored photo-etch pieces are superb; however, the instrument panel has sharp, triangular-shaped ends. Photos of the cockpit show the instrument panel has more rounded-off ends. When I dry-fitted the assembled cockpit, I found the triangular shape of the Eduard photo etched part interfered with seating the cockpit in the fuselage. I carefully ground the triangular corners off the panel with a cut-off wheel in a Dremel tool and the cockpit fit snuggly into the fuselage.
The fuselage halves are the best fitting of any resin kit I've ever built (and better than many plastic kits too!). There is no interior provided other than the cockpit, but there is a wing spar and rear fuselage former to keep the rear fuselage aligned. The emptiness of the fuselage is not an issue, as not much can be seen through the windows of the model with the exception of the cockpit. Since the interior of the S23 was a medium forest green color, I airbrushed the interior Model Master Medium Green.
Normally, I replace resin clear parts with sheet acetate custom cut for the model. Not so in this case. The fuselage windows are crystal clear, and after a soak in Future, I carefully used a gluing needle to cyanoacrylate each window in the fuselage. Future prevents cyanoacrylate from "fogging" the windows.
In photos, the S-23's passenger windows all appear to be of the same rectangular shape with rounded corners. However, some of the kit's windows appear slightly oval, while others appear rectangular. I debated whether to replace the slightly oval windows, but decided not to bother. In the final result, it's hard to tell the difference after the kit is painted up anyway. There was a minor fit problem in some of the fuselage window ports, but I think this was because I "carved" the edges of the windows with my X-acto blade a little too much when cleaning out the flashed-over window openings. This was corrected with a combination of cyanoacrylate and repeated applications of Future to fill gaps.
I used scrap resin (from the mold blocks) and styrene strip super-glued along the edges of mating surfaces for seam reinforcement when joining the fuselage halves. The fuselage halves were joined and the fit was flawless. The kit's solid resin wing spar was passed through the fuselage and fit perfectly.
Wings and Stabilizers
The port wing in my kit went together perfectly. The starboard wing went together well, but I noticed there was a slight overhang on the trailing edge of the ailerons on the bottom wing. This should have been a give-away of a fit problem but it appeared minor—at first. I dry-fitted the engine cowlings to the wings and noticed there was a gap between the inboard engine nacelles and the circular exhaust openings in the wing (the S-23's exhaust came straight back from the cowling and entered the wing at the base of the nacelles, then exited through the top surface of the wing behind the engine mounts, this provided hot water and interior heating through a boiler fitted to the inboard exhaust).
When I dry fitted the wing to the fuselage, I found the starboard wing had a very sloppy fit over the wing spar caused by a considerable warp in the top half of the wing. I rubber-banded the top of the wing to a flat strip of metal that I use for correcting warps. I then carefully dipped the upper wing several times into water heated just shy of boiling for a few seconds. I found this didn't quite do the job, so I sanded the mating surface of the leading edge of the upper wing about 2mm, at the wing root, tapering to about .5 mm at the wing tip.
After assembling the wing, I found this corrected the problem but distorted the shape of the leading-edge air intake and searchlight opening (the S-23 had an "aim-able" searchlight in the starboard wing leading edge). I corrected these distortions by fitting different diameters of K&S Engineering brass tubing in the wing openings. I then attached both wings to the fuselage. The fit was exceptional, and required very little filler. I use "Porc-a-Filler"-- porcelain putty made by Kit Industries to fill any gaps. This is very fine-grained, acetone based putty so it dries in about 30 minutes and sands beautifully without lumps or air pockets. In 24 hours it's rock-hard—perfect for resin kits.
I attached the horizontal and vertical stabilizers to the tail. CMR thoughtfully molded two large retaining pins into each stabilizer for attachment. Upon dry-fitting the parts, I found the port horizontal stabilizer sat about 2mm lower than the starboard stabilizer on the model. There was a slight warp on the port fuselage half at the tail I missed in earlier dry fitting. The lesson learned is to dry-fit and measure all mating surfaces before gluing. In my kit I had to raise the stabilizer root on the model by 2mm. I accomplished this by sanding the bottom of the stabilizer root away and raising the top of the root with thin strips of Evergreen styrene and "Porc-a-Filler" reinforced with gap-filling cyanoacrylate. I then re-scribed the affected panel lines.
Beaching Gear, Engines and Props
The beaching gear is beautifully molded with just a trace of a mold line which is easily removed with a sanding stick. CMR molded the gear with small pins which mate to corresponding circular marks in the fuselage (the holes must be drilled out by the modeler). The first time I dry-mounted the gear to the fuselage, I snapped off one of the resin pins on the beaching gear. I replace fragile mounting pins on models with brass rod anyway. I drilled out the mounting points in the wings and fuselage to accept lengths of K & S brass tubing running through the fuselage from one side to the other (this came in handy to run wires through to support the model).
I then replaced the six resin pins on the beaching gear with brass pins. "Rotating" the gear legs into place gives a tight fit without glue, making the beaching gear removable. The aft beaching gear simply "clips" onto the sides of the model, so I drilled out and added a fuselage retaining tube and gear pin to strengthen the join.
Engines, Canopy and Wing Floats
The engines are nicely detailed models in themselves. I drilled out the gearboxes for adding K & S brass tubes which would hold scratch built propeller shafts. The props were the only parts on the model where I found any serious flash, and the mold lines needed a bit of cleanup. Once this was done, I added the brass propeller shafts to the props.
CMR provides a single resin and two vacuformed canopies, along with a canopy masking set. On the real aircraft, the cockpit was constructed separate from the fuselage and attached in modular style. This section was called the "coupe". I wanted to use the resin canopy for strength, so I polished it with successively finer grits of "Micro-Mesh" sandpaper. I finished by polishing with Dremel polishing compound on a felt pad in my Moto-tool, then I dipped the resin canopy in future. Clarity was fabulous, but it still wasn't quite as thin as the vacuformed canopy, so I went with the vacuform part. There really is not much difference in strength anyway, and the cockpit details are clearly visible.
I found I needed to fill and sand around the edges of the canopy to blend it into the fuselage, but not any more than most styrene kits. CMR's canopy and window masks fit the fuselage windows and canopy precisely. I installed the wing floats which were reinforced at the attachment points with brass pins and .005 stainless steel wires for rigging. I added the double radio antenna masts with brass pins for strength, and pre-drilled and mounted a triangular wire antenna "trapeze" insulator on the vertical stabilizer.
Everything received a coat of Alclad gloss black primer (this is really great stuff, but needs to be thoroughly mixed). My rules for Alclad are to apply it only over totally smooth, gloss black finishes. The engine cowlings were painted Alclad Aluminum while the props received a coat of Polished Aluminum. The cowling exhaust collectors received a mix of 50% Alclad Pale Gold and 50% Alclad Jet Exhaust, producing a nice "burnt copper" appearance. The engine gearboxes were painted Model Master Chrysler Engine Grey gloss, while the cylinders were painted gunmetal with dry-brushed aluminum highlights. I gave the rest of the aircraft a coat of Alclad Aluminum. By running wire through the fuselage beaching-gear attachment points, the handling of this large model was greatly simplified for painting.
After drying (less than 30 minutes for Alclad), wing leading edge panels were masked off and painted with Alclad Polished Aluminum and selected panels were masked and highlighted with Alclad Duralumin and Dark Aluminum. Aircraft in Profile # 84 shows a cream-colored planing hull surface and this is given as a painting option in CMR's instructions. However, most sources and every photograph of S-23s out of the water don't show any paint on the hull at all. Photos do show slight to moderate staining of the hull planing surface. I replicated this by masking a line from the rear of the planing surfaces to the front of the aircraft. I lightly sprayed Alclad Duralumin, Aluminum, and Dark Aluminum in streaks along this line to represent areas of the hull affected by salt water. Imperial Airways kept these aircraft spotless while they were in service, so with the exception of grayish-brown exhaust stains on the wings, there wasn't much additional weathering applied.
Decals and Special Markings
The CMR decals are exceptional in color and registration and they go on beautifully. I did use a little Solvaset setting solution in difficult areas such as compound curves and bracing wire locations. Registration codes for "Castor" are A-GDUW but the kit's marking options don't include a "W". There are several "V"s and "L"s which I "spliced" into the required "W"s for the registration call-outs.
The red, white & blue wartime recognition marks and fin flashes for 1939-1941 are not included for this model either. I had some red and white decal stock which I measured into scale 2ft wide stripes applied under the registration codes. The blue stripes needed to match the CMR supplied registration code colors so I mixed Model Master Cobalt Blue, Flat White and Flat Black until I had the right shade of blue, and sprayed it on clear decal stock. When dry, I cut 2ft scale stripes and applied them to the model. For the name "Castor" I simply cut the appropriate letters from the kit supplied decal sheet.
A word should be mentioned about the colors of Imperial Airways registration codes and markings. Many Imperial Airways model kits (the Contrail 1/72 and Airfix 1/144 HP 42 kits for instance), and many paintings & profiles of Imperial Airways aircraft depict registration codes in black. I understand the test shot kits from CMR had these codes depicted in black as well. Subsequent research and correspondence with Brian Cassidy of "Flying Empires" reveals the codes are actually blue.
I added the engine cowlings and props, attached the unique double antenna (one side was for reception, the other for transmission) made from spandex threads (see my HP 42 article in the August 2008 Internet modeler) and gave the entire model a thin coat of Future to bring out the shine. I also built a boarding stairway as seen in various photos.
CMR has created an exceptional model of an important Golden Age aircraft. There were a few warp related fit issues with my particular kit, for which CMR likely would have sent replacement parts had I asked. I've had an opportunity to examine at least two other kits and found them to be warp free. For any modeler with experience in resin, this kit can easily be completed without much fuss in about 40 hours. The instructions are excellent and easy to follow. It would be a great "starter" resin kit for experienced styrene modelers wanting to get into resin kits. I highly recommend it if you're a fan of seaplanes and flying boats. My only recommendation for improvement would be to include more decal options in the kit for other aircraft in the class.
1. The Aviation Factfile, Biplanes, Triplanes & Seaplanes; Winchester, Jim Ed.; Grange Books, 2004, ISBN 1-84013-641-3, pg 220-221.
2. Aircraft in Profile Vol. 4, #84, The Short Empire Boats, by Geoffrey Norris; Martin C. Windrow Ed.; Doubleday & Co, 1968.
3. Internet Modeler "Czech Master Resin No. 200, 1/72 Short S.23, C-Class Flying Boat"; Jim Schubert; September 2008.
4. "Flying Empires, Short 'C' class Empire Flying Boats"; Brian Cassidy; Copyright © Brian Cassidy 2008; ISBN 0 9529298 2 1;
5. "Seawings" Internet site; Bryan Ribbans, webmaster;