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Reading: PM urges startups to take advantage of space sector opportunities
Uitvconnect : Breaking News, India News, Sports News and Live Updates > Blog > Science > PM urges startups to take advantage of space sector opportunities
PM urges startups to take advantage of space sector opportunities
Prime Minister Narendra Modi
New Delhi, Oct 30 (UiTV/IANS) – Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Sunday urged start-ups to take full advantage of growing opportunities in the Indian space sector.
In his monthly radio broadcast "Mann Ki Baat", Modi said that Indian industries and startups are engaged in bringing new innovations and new technologies in this field. In particular, the collaboration of IN-SPACe is going to make a big difference in this area.
"Non-government companies are also getting the facility to launch their payloads and satellites through IN-SPACe. I would urge more and more start-ups and innovators to take full advantage of these huge opportunities being created in India in the space sector," he said.
In June 2020, the Government had opened up the space sector to enable the participation of Indian private sector in the entire gamut of space activities.
To facilitate private sector participation, Government had created the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe), as a single-window, independent, nodal agency which functions as an autonomous agency in Department of Space (DOS).
It is a single window agency for all space sector activities of private entities.
"Earlier in India, the space sector was confined within the purview of government systems. Ever since, the space sector has opened for India's youth, revolutionary changes have started coming in it," Modi noted further in his address.
"I also remember those old days, when India was denied the cryogenic rocket technology. But the scientists of India not only developed indigenous technology, but today with the help of it, dozens of satellites are being sent to space simultaneously," the Prime Minister said.
Referring to the feat of placing 36 satellites in space simultaneously on October 23, Modi said that with this launching, India has emerged as a strong player in the global commercial market.
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Wonderfully efficient, yet gentle, body scrub. Ground white marble and added vitamins provide one of the best most natural scrubs available, to refine and polish the skin.
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Ingredients Aqua, Calcium Carbonate, Polysorbate 20, Jojoba Esters, Almond Oil PEG-6 Esters, Sodium Polyacrylate, Ethylhexyl Stearate, Trideceth-6, Apricot Kernel Oil PEG-6 Esters, Tocopheryl Acetate (Vit. E), Parfum, Methylparaben, Propylparaben.


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Rotterdam, NL (5)
Florida Atlantic College of Business (15)Florida Atlantic University
Schulich School of Business (13)York University
HEC Montreal (9)
Wisconsin School of Business (9)University of Wisconsin-Madison
Judge Business School (6)University of Cambridge
Auckland Business School (6)The University of Auckland
Bryant School of Business (5)Bryant University
Rotterdam School of Management (5)Erasmus University
Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (4)
Telfer School of Management (4)University of Ottawa
MIT Sloan School of Management (3)
Sauder School of Business (3)University of British Columbia
Florida International College of Business (3)Florida International University
Kelley School of Business (2)Indiana University
McGill Executive Institute (2)McGill University
Sobey School of Business (2)Saint Mary's University
Quinlan School of Business (2)Loyola University Chicago
EMLYON Business School (2)
Saïd Business School (1)University of Oxford
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (1)Harvard University
Carey Business School (1)Johns Hopkins University
Amsterdam Institute of Finance (1)
Vlerick Business School (1)
London Business School (1)
Weatherhead School of Management (1)Case Western Reserve University
Buffalo School of Management (1)University at Buffalo, SUNY
Queen's School of Business (1)Queen's University
Southern Maine College of Management and Human Service (1)University of Southern Maine
Lehigh College of Business (1)Lehigh University
Corporate Development (1)
Operations/Production (1)
Project Management in Practice 1
Erasmus University, Rotterdam School of Management
Rotterdam April 21-23, 2021 3 days
Rotterdam June 28-29, 2021 2 days
Rotterdam June 30 - July 2, 2021 3 days
Rotterdam September 15-17, 2021 3 days
Rotterdam November 29 - December 1, 2021 3 days
School: Rotterdam School of Management • Category: Project Management

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Red Responds: What Does She Mean to Him?
I am a 51-year-old woman, married almost 33 years and for the most part it has been a good marriage. I had never been with any other man until eight years ago. I met "Patrick" online. Actually, he was the first man I had ever chatted with, so I was very naive. This happened at a time when my husband was going through some emotional struggles and for quite some time I felt very unappreciated. Needless to say, Patrick made me feel alive and very desirable. Over the course of eight years, we met four times and, though the meetings were very sexually charged, I went away each time feeling he didn't fulfill my needs as a woman.
I have to say, I found myself in love with both my husband and this man. He has since moved on and is in a relationship which I knew would happen, but I know he met me several times while in this relationship. I have never really understood just what I meant to him, though at times he brought up the subject of us having a baby. Several months ago he cut off all communication with me. I guess I feel that at my age I have been foolish and allowed myself to get hurt and that it is my own fault that I can't seem to get over this man. My husband is a good man and I'd never hurt him. I just wish I could still have some contact with the other man.
Will I ever hear from him again?
Looking at the relationship you shared with "Patrick," I can tell you that it is not the man you can't let go of, it is the void he filled in your life that keeps you holding on.
You opened yourself to a situation at a time in your life when you were feeling very vulnerable. If you hadn't been at such an emotional low, this affair never would have happened. This man never would have caught your attention. It's time for you to pull your head out of the clouds, and put both feet firmly back on the ground.
Your forbidden lover has moved on with his life. While this may be painful to you, I see that you understand. He's not trying to hurt you, that was never his intention. However, talk of babies or not, he was very realistic in his own mind about the limits and boundaries that came with this affair. Even though he cared for you, he wasn't making plans for the two of you to run away and build a life – he just enjoyed what was. You filled a void in his world, too.
Marie, there is no future with Patrick for you. When you hear from him in January or February of 2008, handle it with your head, not your heart. Keep the silence. Resuming communication with him will only feed the fantasy, and complicate reality. It is time to let go.
"My husband is a good man and I'd never hurt him." These are your words. If you really mean them, then you must live your life in a manner that supports that statement. If you don't, not only will you hurt your husband, you could lose him. That really doesn't seem like the best path for you.


A celebration of all things fall! Cidermass features hard cider tastings from 25-30 vendors all over the country. Septemberfest returns to Base Village with wine and sake tastings, food vendors, children's activities, music, and more. It all culminates with the Night Glow Balloon Show on Fanny Hill.


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"Nanairo no Ashita: Brand New Beat / Your Color" is BoA's nineteenth Japanese single and her fifth double A-side single. It is her first single to be released in both CD and in CD+DVD formats. The former is an upbeat pop song while the latter is a ballad, similar to her previous single, Everlasting. This is her first single released off of her fifth Japanese studio album, Made in Twenty (20).

Overview
Although Nanairo no Ashita: Brand New Beat / Your Color didn't reach the top spot on the charts, its first week sales were the highest BoA had achieved since Do the Motion. Moreover, the long chart life which the single was able to achieve allowed it to become her 8th highest selling single to date. The single debuted at number one on its first day, however it wasn't able to secure the number one spot on the weekly charts. Instead, it debuted third on the chart. On iTunes however, the single reached the number one spot. Nanairo no Ashita reached to the number one spot on its own, while Your Color reached the number fourth spot.

Music video
BoA's Brand New Beat music video featured many scenes where she and three other female dancers were dancing and playing games with the other four male dancers. Two music videos were filmed for Brand New Beat, one was the standard version and the other was the Dance version which is similar to the standard version but with more dance segments.

Commercial endorsements
Nanairo no Ashita ~Brand New Beat~ was used as the theme song in a KOSE Fasio commercial. Your Color was used as the ending theme song for Xbox 360 game Ninety-Nine Nights.
Nanairo no Ashita is also included in the special album Sweet Memories with Girls' Generation.

Track listing

CD
 Nanairo no Ashita: Brand New Beat
 Your Color
 Nanairo no Ashita: Brand New Beat (TV Mix)
 Your Color (TV Mix)

DVD
 Nanairo no Ashita: Brand New Beat (PV)
 Nanairo no Ashita: Brand New Beat (Dance Version)

TV performances
March 31, 2006 — Music Station Spring Super Live - "Nanairo no Ashita ~Brand New Beat~"
April 3, 2006 — Hey! Hey! Hey! 500th Episode Special Live - "Nanairo no Ashita ~Brand New Beat~"
April 7, 2006 — Music Fighter - "Your Color"
April 15, 2006 — CDTV - "Your Color"
December 22, 2006 - Music Station Super Live 2006 - "Nanairo no Ashita ~Brand New Beat~"

Charts
'Oricon Sales Chart

References
https://web.archive.org/web/20090304013241/http://www.avexnet.or.jp/boa/index.html

2006 singles
BoA songs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Termites are often called "white ants" because they are mostly pale brown to white. However, termites are very different to ants. As the two photos shown above, ant has elbowed antennae while termite has beadlike antennae. Ant has constriction between thorax and abdomen. It is easy to see that ant has three body parts while Termite has only two body parts as there is no constriction between thorax and abdomen.
As shown on the photos below, depending on the species, termites can nest in the tree, on the tree, on the ground or underground.
Termites exist in a colony in several castes – The queen, the king, workers, soldiers and reproductive.
Both the queen and the king are long-live. They can live up to 20 years. The main function of the queen is reproduction. The king fertilises the queen from time to time. In most termite species, the queen become enlarged and distended with eggs. During the early life of the colony, both the queen and the king tends the young until the workers are numerous enough to take over these nursery duties.
Worker termites constitue the greatest number (normally 70% or more) of individuals in a colony. They do most of the jobs including gathering food, maintaining and repairing, tending the young and feeding all the other castes.
Soldier termites are usually darker in colour and have larger and darker heads than the workers. The main function of soldier termites is to defend the colony against invaders.
Reproductives are the future kings and queens of colonies yet to established. In many species, if the queen dies or degenerates, some of their reproductives are selected to carry on the colony as neotenics. Winged reproductives are called alates and are ready to leave the colony and set up new colonies through colonising flight.
Some people are confused with winged ants and winged termite (termite alate). The photos below show the differences between the two.


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Q: Responsive CSS design, Adsense ads in display:none I wish not to show the right sidebar (which contains ads) when the max-device-width is 480px. If I use display:none; it violates the Adsense ToS. So, what's the good solution?

A: Google has recently introduced a new Responsive advertisement format which explicitly allows hiding advertisements (for responsive ads only).

Here are some techniques you'll want to avoid:

*

*Hiding ad units at anytime (e.g., display:none), unless you're implementing a responsive ad unit

An code example even shows how to do this can be found in the Google Adsense manuals.
<style type="text/css">
.adslot_1 { width: 320px; height: 50px; }
@media (max-width: 400px) { .adslot_1 { display: none; } }
@media (min-width:500px) { .adslot_1 { width: 468px; height: 60px; } }
@media (min-width:800px) { .adslot_1 { width: px; height: 90px; } }
</style>
<ins class="adsbygoogle adslot_1"
   style="display:inline-block;"
   data-ad-client="ca-pub-1234"
   data-ad-slot="5678"></ins>
<script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
<script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script>

Note that there is a bug in this Google code sample though. You have to move the style="display:inline-block;" part to the  section. Otherwise the inline display style overrules the  section display none.

A: You can effectively do this using the DFP API using sizeMapping, which also allows you to serve different sizes of creative depending on the viewport size.
I answered a similar question here, but essentially if for a given resolution you target a size of creative that doesn't exist, no ad will be served as DFP won't be able to supply an ad.
If you just want to have no ads when the viewport is smaller than a given width, you'd want something like this:
googletag.cmd.push(function() {
    var mapLrgLeaderboard = googletag.sizeMapping().
        addSize([480, 320 ], [300, 250]). // when screen >= 480 x 320px use 300 x 250px
        addSize([0, 0], [88, 88]). // 88 x 88px = non-existant ad size
        build();

    googletag.defineSlot('/12345678/Test-Large-Leaderboard', [[300, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-123412341234-0').
        defineSizeMapping(mapLrgLeaderboard).
        addService(googletag.pubads());

    googletag.enableServices();
});

I wrote a short post about this (there are a couple of gotchas you might run into if you go by the Google description alone), although this (above) is the crux of it.
Hope this helps!
Toby

A: The problem here is that if you use display: none, you're breaking the Adsense Terms & Conditions.  This is because, despite the ad being hidden, it still counts as a view for the advertisers.
So-far, Google has been very slow to respond to this, but the method I've implemented and which many are now adopting is to detect Window width at page-load and either instigate Adsense, or not, based on the window size.
Labnol have a great write-up about this.
Essentially, your script needs to look something like this:
<script type="text/javascript">
    // <![CDATA[
        var width = window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth; google_ad_client = "ca-publisher-id";
        if (width >= 800) {
            google_ad_slot = "ad-unit-1";
            google_ad_width = 728;
            google_ad_height = 60;
        } else if ((width < 800) && (width > 400)) {
            google_ad_slot = "ad-unit-2";
            google_ad_width = 300;
            google_ad_height = 250;
        } else {
            google_ad_slot = "ad-unit-3";
            google_ad_width = 320;
            google_ad_height = 50;
        }
    // ]]>
</script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js">// <></script>

Extending on this for your specific example, you would detect the screen width prior to intialising Adsense using something like:
var width = window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth; google_ad_client = "ca-publisher-id";
if (width >= 480){
    // initalise Adsense here
}

to initialise your Adsense.  This way, it will only occur when the screen width is larger than 480px.
One important thing to bear in mind: although this will ensure that your ad service doesn't get loaded when the visiting device's screen is too narrow, it doesn't fix the issue of the ad either being displayed (or not) if the visitor then chooses to resize their browser window.  I've yet to come across an easy way to fix this particular aspect of the work-around aside from using display: none to cover the instance where a user has loaded the site at a big browser width and then reduced it down.
One final note: Google has now started to roll out DFP Responsive ads.

A: AdSense has released the new responsive adverts which fill up the most available space with the best converting ads. This solves the whole struggle.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A price decline for Shanghai hairy crabs has hit the season, eastday.com reported Monday. However, customers must wait for bigger and better-quality crabs to arrive.
A vendor at an aquatic products market in Baoshan district told media that hairy crabs currently being sold are too tiny to satisfy foodies. Those of bigger and better quality will arrive by Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day.
Some vendors have started selling hairy crabs for only 15 yuan ($2.18) each due to their small size. According to vendors, the climate this year has been more suitable to breed crabs, leading to an ideal yield.
As crabs from Hongze Lake in East China's Jiangsu Province were polluted in August, the yield from that region dropped dramatically but it had no considerable impact on market in Shanghai.


Bhojpuri sensation Nidhi Jha aka Lulia to sizzle our TV screens with Pawan Singh in Hai Ishq Qubool, watch video!
Bhojpuri industry is one of the most talked about today and looking at the actors and actresses in the industry, it gives the young generation full of optimism to live life with energy and enthu. Nidhi Jha aka Lulia who had become a sensation after her performance with Pawan Singh soon going to be the flavour of the screen as she is shooting for her upcoming film Hai Ishq Qubool, watch the video here.
Bhojpuri diva Nidhi Jha, who won millions of hearts with her performance in film Satya's Lulia with Pawan Singh is now going to be seen in another upcoming project with the power star. Both the actors have shared the screen space together for several projects and has garnered much love and appreciation for their sizzling chemistry onscreen. No doubt, Pawan Singh has since the day joined the industry managed to attract youngsters as well as elderly people with his music and acting.
Pawan and Nidhi will be setting the TV screens ablaze with their performance which the audience is eagerly looking forward to. Nidhi, who has been given the name Lulia after she became a sensation with the song that goes by the same name is portraying a simple and cute, innocent village girl in the forthcoming film Hai Ishq Qubool along with Pawan Singh.


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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › Courts of Appeals › Eleventh Circuit › 1986 › Joseph Code, Petitioner-appellant, v. Charles M. Montgomery, Respondent-appellee
Receive free daily summaries of new opinions from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
Joseph Code, Petitioner-appellant, v. Charles M. Montgomery, Respondent-appellee, 799 F.2d 1481 (11th Cir. 1986)
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit - 799 F.2d 1481 (11th Cir. 1986) Sept. 22, 1986
John Dean Marshall, Jr., Atlanta, Ga. (Court-appointed), for petitioner-appellant.
Mary Beth Westmoreland, Asst. Atty. Gen., Atlanta, Ga., for respondent-appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia.
Before TJOFLAT and KRAVITCH, Circuit Judges, and TUTTLE, Senior Circuit Judge.
CORRECTED OPINION
KRAVITCH, Circuit Judge:
Joseph Code appeals the district court's denial of habeas corpus relief. Because we conclude that Code received ineffective assistance of counsel as defined in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984), we reverse and remand.
In 1976, Code was convicted in state court of an armed robbery that had occurred two and a half years earlier at a residence near Bainbridge, Georgia.1 While incarcerated in Macon on an unrelated charge, Code received three weeks' notice of his impending trial in Bainbridge for the armed robbery offense. He was transferred to Bainbridge one week before the trial. Code steadfastly maintained that he had never before set foot in the Bainbridge area. On Friday, December 10, 1976, three days prior to trial, Code first met George Stacy, his court appointed counsel.2 Stacy's trial preparation primarily consisted of calling Code's mother and suggesting that she attend the upcoming trial. On Monday, December 13, 1976, Code was tried despite his protests that his attorney was unprepared. When no witnesses, other than the defendant, appeared on Code's behalf, his attorney failed to move for a continuance. Although Code's sole defense was an alibi, at trial Stacy never asked Code where he was on the day of the robbery.
Code's first state habeas petition was dismissed because he had escaped custody. It was refiled and relief was denied. He filed a federal habeas corpus petition which the district court denied. This court, however, remanded for an evidentiary hearing on Code's ineffective assistance of counsel claim. Code v. Montgomery, 725 F.2d 1316 (11th Cir. 1984).3
In his evidentiary hearing in the federal district court, Code presented alibi testimony placing him in Macon throughout the day of the crime. The district court specifically rejected Code's assertions that he told Stacy that he had been at an April Fool's Day party at the Central Hotel in Macon on the day of the robbery and that Estella Taylor, a co-worker, would so testify.4 Accordingly, the district court denied Code's ineffective assistance claim.
In this appeal, Code continues to assert that he was denied a fair trial due to the ineffective assistance of counsel rendered by Stacy. To prevail on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, a habeas corpus petitioner must show that (1) his attorney's performance was deficient and (2) that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense. Strickland, 104 S. Ct. at 2064. Accordingly, we first inquire as to "the reasonableness of counsel's challenged conduct on the facts of the particular case, viewed as of the time of counsel's conduct." 104 S. Ct. at 2066. If counsel erred, we next inquire whether "there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different." 104 S. Ct. at 2068. A petitioner need not show that but for counsel's errors, the outcome of the proceeding would more likely than not have been different: " [A] reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome." Id., see also Nix v. Whiteside, --- U.S. ---, 106 S. Ct. 988, 999, 89 L. Ed. 2d 123 (1986). The " 'benchmark' of an ineffective assistance claim is the fairness of the adversary proceeding." Nix, 106 S. Ct. at 999.
Code alleges two specific instances of ineffective assistance: inadequate pretrial investigation and failure to request a continuance.
Undisputed facts establish that Code's counsel's performance fell below established competency standards. Attorney Stacy interviewed one defense witness: he telephoned Code's mother. He attempted to phone Code's girl friend, Mary Jackson, and testified that he "might have" interviewed one of the five prosecution witnesses. Although he knew that Code's exclusive defense was based on an alibi, Stacy never asked Code's mother where Code was on April 1, 1974, the day of the robbery. Had he asked, he would have learned that although Code's mother had no personal knowledge of Code's whereabouts on April 1, she could have provided him with leads regarding alibi witnesses.5 Moreover, during the phone conversation, Code's mother indicated she could not attend Code's trial that coming Monday. Stacy made no attempt to subpoena her even though she was the only potential defense witness with whom he spoke and he erroneously believed she could provide Code's alibi. Instead, he suggested to Code, who was incarcerated, that Code secure his mother's presence at trial.
In his deposition in the district court, Stacy testified that he didn't think it necessary to go to Macon to locate Code's girl friend or other alibi witnesses or to ensure Mrs. Code's presence at trial: "I just don't think I'm required as a practicing attorney to be a taxi boy." Stacy also testified that due to a personality clash, he had to "swallow his pride" in order to represent Code.
The adequacy of a pretrial investigation turns on the complexity of the case and trial strategy. Washington v. Strickland, 693 F.2d 1243, 1251 (11th Cir. 1982) (en banc), rev'd on other grounds, 466 U.S. 688, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984). Here there was only one strategy: an alibi defense. By not inquiring as to Code's whereabouts on the day of the robbery, Stacy's investigation was inadequate. See Nealy v. Cabana, 764 F.2d 1173 (5th Cir. 1985); Gomez v. Beto, 462 F.2d 596, 597 (5th Cir. 1972) (failure to investigate sole defense; failure to subpoena requested alibi witnesses established ineffectiveness); cf. Aldrich v. Wainwright, 777 F.2d 630, 637 (11th Cir. 1985) (failure to conduct meaningful pretrial investigation satisfies first prong of Strickland test).
Under these circumstances we conclude that a competent attorney relying on an alibi defense would have asked Code's mother if she could corroborate the alibi; would have subpoenaed a reluctant witness whom he thought could provide an alibi and would have asked either the witness or the defendant if there were other alibi witnesses.6 Moreover, a reasonably effective attorney would have broadened his investigation once Mrs. Code indicated she was unavailable to testify. Even if Mrs. Code had appeared, Stacy had not investigated to the point where he would have discovered that she was not an alibi witness. See United States v. Moore, 554 F.2d 1086, 1093 (D.C. Cir. 1976) ("counsel's anticipation of what a potential witness would say does not excuse the failure to find out"). Strickland embraced this court's prior ineffective assistance analysis to the extent that:
strategic choices made after thorough investigation of law and facts relevant to plausible options are virtually unchallengeable; and strategic choices made after less than complete investigation are reasonable precisely to the extent that reasonable professional judgments support the limitations on investigation.
104 S. Ct. at 2066. Here, Stacy did not contact both of the alibi leads Code had provided him. Stacy's limitation on his pretrial investigation is wholly unsupported by reasonable professional judgment: although his sole strategy was to present an alibi defense, he terminated his investigation without determining whether the one witness he contacted could provide an alibi. In short, Stacy attempted to present an alibi defense with no alibi witnesses.
As in Nealy, where prejudice was established, Code's trial was a mere swearing match. In Nealy, the defendant claimed an alibi, although the prosecution's witness claimed he and the defendant acted as accomplices. As in Nealy, Code argues that the testimony of an alibi witness "might have affected" the jury's comparison of the alleged accomplice's testimony with the defendant's. Nealy, 764 F.2d at 1174. The state distinguishes Nealy arguing that because two victims identified Code, the jury did not have to rely solely on a credibility choice between Code and his alleged accomplice. Accordingly, unlike Nealy, it is less certain that alibi witnesses might have swayed the jury. Nonetheless, Code's defense was sufficiently prejudiced by Stacy's ineffectiveness to the extent that our "confidence in the [trial] outcome" is undermined. Strickland, 104 S. Ct. at 2068.
Code was tried in December, 1976 for a robbery that occurred in April 1974. The state's case primarily entailed the testimony of the three victims and an alleged accomplice. Although they had only seen the robber during the course of a robbery that occurred two and a half years earlier, two of the victims identified Code.7 We do not determine whether, despite the eyewitness testimony, alibi testimony would have resulted in Code's acquittal. See Strickland, 104 S. Ct. at 2068 (rejecting outcome determinative test for evaluating ineffective assistance claims). We conclude that, in this case, Stacy's failure to adequately investigate and present Code's alibi defense deprived Code of a fundamentally fair trial. See id. at 2071. The state correctly points out that Code's case is distinguishable from Nealy in that here the jury could have rejected the alleged accomplice's testimony and still have convicted. Code's case and Nealy are identical, however, in a more important regard: in both cases appointed counsel's shortcomings effectively deprived defendants of any defense whatsoever. Failure to conduct a pretrial investigation and interview witnesses is not a per se sixth amendment violation. See Aldrich, 777 F.2d at 636. We cannot confidently say, however, that the case against Code could have withstood the introduction of the alibi testimony readily discoverable at the time of trial and subsequently proffered in habeas corpus proceedings.B. The Continuance
Code argues that Stacy's failure to move for a continuance when no defense witnesses other than himself appeared for trial is an alternative, independent instance of ineffective assistance. Had Stacy conducted a pretrial investigation and concluded that there were no credible alibi witnesses, Stacy would not be ineffective for failing to move for a continuance. See Jones v. Smith, 772 F.2d 668, 673-74 (11th Cir. 1985) (failure to request continuance not ineffective where there was no showing that alibi witnesses existed), cert. denied, --- U.S. ---, 106 S. Ct. 838, 88 L. Ed. 2d 809 (1986); Gravenmeir v. United States, 399 F.2d 677 (9th Cir. 1968) (same). Here, however, Code has shown that at least one alibi witness, Estella Taylor, did exist and would have testified. Because Code relied entirely on an alibi defense, competent counsel would have moved for a continuance when no alibi witnesses other than the defendant appeared on the day of the trial.8
Code was transported to Bainbridge on December 4, 1976 and tried exactly one week later. He first met with his attorney on the Friday preceding his Monday trial. It is debatable whether counsel could have adequately prepared Code's alibi defense over a weekend. It is not debatable, however, that an attorney who has neither adequately interviewed nor subpoenaed any witnesses further compounds error by failing to move for a continuance. We conclude, therefore, that the failure to move for a continuance was both professionally deficient and prejudicial, and further abridged Code's sixth amendment rights.
We express no opinion as to Code's guilt or innocence. We grant relief because we cannot say that Code has had a fair trial: he had a substantial alibi defense and but for his attorney's deficient performance, he would have presented it.
In light of the above we REVERSE and REMAND with instructions to grant the writ of habeas corpus.
Code consistently has maintained that, at the time of the robbery, he was in Macon--a two and a half hour drive away
In a deposition filed in state habeas proceedings, Stacy twice states that " [m]y records disclose that I was appointed on this case and talked to the defendant on April 1, 1976." It is difficult to imagine that Stacy was appointed to represent Code several months before Code's arraignment in Bainbridge or arrest in Macon. In his deposition in federal court, Stacy, relying on his records, testified that he was appointed on either Monday, December 6th; Tuesday, December 7th; or Wednesday, December 8th and met with Code sometime later when he interviewed "four or five" other incarcerated indigents whom he had been appointed to represent. We have previously noted that Stacy "did nothing with respect to [Code's] case until his December 10, 1976, meeting with [Code]." Code v. Montgomery, 725 F.2d 1316, 1317 n. 1 (11th Cir. 1984)
Pursuant to several concerns raised by this court, the district court determined:
(1) Although Code claimed otherwise, he had not informed Stacy that he worked at the Central Hotel in Macon and was working there on the day of the robbery;
(2) Although Code claimed otherwise, he had not provided Stacy the names of any Central Hotel employees who might serve as witnesses and;
(3) Although Code may have moved for a continuance between his December 6 arraignment and December 13 trial, he did not do so through counsel and counsel did not request a continuance because he thought such a request futile.
We agree with the explanation advanced by Code's counsel at oral argument: it is not unusual for a person asked to recall who he was with during a six hour period two and a half years earlier to respond with general leads and not specific names
The district court noted that Code's assertion that he worked at the Central Hotel was inconsistent with his trial testimony that he had been a cement worker since he was 15. Code points out that his state habeas transcript indicates that he worked as a cement worker after the Central Hotel closed.
Mrs. Code's undisputed testimony in the district court indicates that she contacted Estella Taylor shortly after Stacy's call. Had Mrs. Code known the date of the robbery, she might have mentioned it to Taylor who testified that she was with Code in Macon at the time of the robbery
Code has maintained throughout these collateral proceedings that he told Stacy that his co-workers at the Central Hotel in Macon could vouch for his whereabouts. The district court found, however, that Code had only supplied Stacy with two leads: his mother, Olivia Code, and his girl friend, Mary Jackson
Dock Gibson, who was shot during the robbery, identified Code in court testifying "that is a face I'll never forget." He could not recall, however, whether Code had a beard at the time of the robbery. Gibson also testified that Code had shot him; however, another prosecution witness, alleged accomplice Sammy Bell, testified that a third accomplice shot Gibson
Code suggests that Stacy's failure to request a continuance was the product of Stacy's conflict of interest. Had Stacy requested the continuance, the court would have realized that Stacy's pretrial investigation was inadequate because he would have had to request the continuance due to the absence of unsubpoenaed witnesses; one of whom he had never spoken with
of Eleventh Circuit opinions.


While healthcare providers across the United States are ramping up efforts to integrate complete EMR solutions, some practices are reluctant to invest in a complete onsite solution for Psychiatry EMR software and practice management system.
It's not that they don't see the benefits, but a psychiatry practice is often run in a dissimilar way to other branches of health care. The most notable difference is in how psychiatrists make contact with patients.
While each operates their practice differently, many are required to travel to other facilities in order to observe, speak with and review patients. A traditional electronic medical records setup with on-site servers and dedicated work stations could pose a significant barrier depending on how the practice operates.
Meeting with a patient while the attention is turned to a glowing flat screen or workstation monitor creates a significant barrier between yourself and the patient. Psychiatrists need to maintain an open dialogue, and if you're constantly punching keys without providing the majority of attention to the patient it can be difficult to establish necessary rapport.
Psychiatry EMR that integrates a mobile solution (table PC's) offers a number of benefits, including eliminating that barrier.
1. Using Psychiatry EMR with a mobile solution such as with web based EMR and a tablet PC, you benefit from the slim profile of the tablet. Similar to a note book, the tablet maintains a low profile that reduces the perception on the patient that the attention of the psychiatrist is elsewhere.
2. A tablet integrated with a web based psychiatry EMR allows you to take your work virtually anywhere with a secure connection. From a hospital or clinical setting, the psychiatrist can still access patient notes, data, medications and more to maintain continuity of care.
Even if you have a favorite pen, the amount of note-taking in psychiatry can wear on you. Some choose to record patient encounters using a digital voice recorder but this requires additional time transcribing those recordings – or adding the expense of paying an agency for transcription.
Prescription medications developed for mental health patients, including treatments for anxiety, depression, phobias and more severe mental illnesses can sometimes present with significant side effects. In addition, a patient can have adverse reactions when some medications are mixed.
ePrescribing not only offers simplicity in prescribing a medication but it allows for tracking and controls that check for contraindications and drug interactions that could be harmful to a patient.
Psychiatry Electronic Medical Records software solutions have become much easier to integrate into a practice, and for psychiatry and other mental health professionals, the system can be even easier. Opting for web based psychiatry EMR is often the best choice, providing ease of integration, rapid setup, lower operational costs while still benefitting from custom templates, mobile accessibility and a complete practice management system for operating a more efficient practice.


text:
Toy Story Quotes
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Favorite Toy Story Quotes
Woody: What happened to you?
Buzz: One minute you're defending the whole galaxy, and, suddenly, you find yourself sucking down Darjeeling with Marie Antoinette... and her little sister.
Permalink: What happened to you? One minute you're defending the whole g...
I think you've had enough tea for today, let's get you outta here, Buzz.
Permalink: I think you've had enough tea for today, let's get you outta he...
Buzz: I just want you to know that even though you tried to terminate me, revenge is not an idea we promote on my planet.
Woody: Oh. Well, that's good.
Buzz: But we're not on my planet, are we?
Woody: No. Daaaah-oof!
Buzz: [he attacks Woody]
Woody: Okay, come on. You got a piece of me.
Buzz: [gets knocked down by Woody, he closes his helmet on Woody's hand]
Woody: Ow!
Permalink: I just want you to know that even though you tried to terminate...
To infinity, and beyond!
Permalink: To infinity, and beyond!
Rex: ROAR!
Woody: Oh, how ya doin', Rex.
Rex: Were you scared? Tell me honestly.
Woody: I was very close to being scared that time.
Rex: I was going for fearsome, but I don't think I'm coming across. I'm afraid I'm just coming off as annoying.
Permalink: ROAR! Oh, how ya doin', Rex. Were you scared? Tell me hones...
Yes, sir, we're next month's garage sale fodder for sure.
Permalink: Yes, sir, we're next month's garage sale fodder for sure.
Mr. Potato Head: Hey, Hamm. Look, I'm Potasso.
Hamm: I don't get it.
Mr. Potato Head: You uncultured swine.
Permalink: Hey, Hamm. Look, I'm Potasso. I don't get it. You unculture...
Woody: Tuesday night's plastic corrosion awareness meeting, was I think, a big success. We'd like to thank Mr. Spell for putting that on for us, thank you Mr. Spell...
Mr. Spell: [mechanically] You're. Welcome.
Permalink: Tuesday night's plastic corrosion awareness meeting, was I thin...
That's *Mister* Potato Head to you, you back stabbing murderer!
Permalink: That's *Mister* Potato Head to you, you back stabbing murderer!...
Mr. Potato Head: Oh, really? Well, I'm from Playskool.
Rex: And I'm from Mattel. Well, actually I'm from a smaller company that was purchased by Mattel in a leveraged buyout.
Permalink: Oh, really? Well, I'm from Playskool. And I'm from Mattel. We...
Mr. Potato Head: How come you don't have a laser, Woody?
Woody: It's not a laser. It's a little light bulb that blinks.
Hamm: What's wrong with him?
Mr. Potato Head: Laser envy.
Permalink: How come you don't have a laser, Woody? It's not a laser. It'...
What chance does a toy like me have against a Buzz Lightyear action figure?
Permalink: What chance does a toy like me have against a Buzz Lightyear ac...
Displaying quotes 1 - 12 of 29 in total
Toy Story stars the voices of Tom Hanks and Tim Allen as a couple of toys who come to life when the kids aren't around.
What if Andy gets another dinosaur? A mean one? I don't think I can take that kind of rejection.
Permalink: What if Andy gets another dinosaur? A mean one? I don't think I...
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Toy Story Photos


The MON AGM and FRI seen in the list above are minutes for the Annual Conference. Minutes are taken for the Council meeting held on Friday (FRI) before the AGM on Saturday (AGM) and the Council meeting held on the Monday (MON) following the AGM.
The New Zealand Association of Radio Transmitters (Inc), or NZART, is a nonprofit association of Amateur Radio Operators. NZART Council has approved the release of Council Minutes to the membership of NZART. This has commenced with the release of the first minutes from the April 2007 On Air meeting. See above for the PDF files which can be downloaded for viewing.


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

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com.streakapi.crm.datatype.AclEntry

public class AclEntry
extends java.lang.Object

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java.lang.String
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boolean
isOwner()

void
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void
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void
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toString()

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public AclEntry()

Method Detail

getFullName

public java.lang.String getFullName()

Returns:

the fullName

setFullName

public void setFullName(java.lang.String fullName)

Parameters:

fullName - the fullName to set

getEmail

public java.lang.String getEmail()

Returns:

the email

setEmail

public void setEmail(java.lang.String email)

Parameters:

email - the email to set

isOwner

public boolean isOwner()

Returns:

the isOwner

setOwner

public void setOwner(boolean isOwner)

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isOwner - the isOwner to set

toString

public java.lang.String toString()

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toString in class java.lang.Object

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


One of the most difficult aspects of divorce is explaining to your child what is going on, why it is happening, and providing reassurance that things will be okay. Seeing your child upset may cause you to be angry at yourself, and even more stressed out by your separation or divorce than you already are.
Although change will always be difficult for children, especially when the change involves the relationship between their parents, there are ways to explain the situation that may help the children feel more secure and loved during this difficult process.
Children may find it difficult to understand divorce and have a tendency to blame themselves as being the cause of the break up. First things first — make it immediately clear that mom and dad are choosing to live apart, but that has nothing to do with your child. Let your child know that this new arrangement will causes changes for him or her as well, and that you will do everything you can to make this time easier, including trying to never disparage the other parent.
Make sure your children know that you are aware change is difficult, and that you sympathize with the changes they will go through. Remind your child that change is often initially difficult, but that in time they he or she will grow accustomed to these changes and might enjoy having two homes and some new experiences that living in the same home would not provide. For example, the members in one household may be more musical or enjoy the arts and the other household may have more athletic or outdoor pursuits. Or, perhaps at each home, there are different pets to enjoy or the same pet travels between the homes. Encourage your child to speak to you if he or she is upset or has concerns, and provide any reassurance needed. Ensure your child feels safe and secure at all times.
In many cases, whether because of joint custody, or because one parents has substantial visitation rights, the children often must adjust to living in two homes in the face of divorce. Make your child understands that even though it may take some getting used to a new home (or two new homes), he or she will still be able to see both parents who care about them, even if for different amounts of time. At each place your child should feel safe and will likely to have a space that belongs to him or her.
Explain to your child that, as he or she grows, he or she will be able to take responsibility for packing favoured things that move back and forth between the homes. Explain that, eventually, your child will want to keep some belongs in both places, so transporting things won't be as much of a hassle. Encourage your child to tell you about any concerns that may be had and how you can help make this adjustment period easier.
Once a separation agreement or divorce order is finalized, be sure your child understands exactly what is going to change, and what the arrangement looks like. While you don't want to involve your children in the divorce or in making decisions that aren't age appropriate, you can take your child's needs and preferences into consideration when making plans and explain to your child how to navigate his or her new circumstances.
Your child will inevitably be concerned about matters such as who will be picking him or her up from school, on which days, and when, whether the school needs to be informed, and who will be responsible for the drive to soccer practice or swim lessons. Sit down with your child and carefully walk him or through what information needs to be conveyed in a way your child understands. Use words that remind your child that he or she is loved, is still special and is your top priority even if schedules won't always work out as planned.
Reassure your child that he or she still have two parents who are responsible to ensure that he or she is looked after and taken care of, and that you will do everything in your power to make sure this happens.
Express to your child that even though you and your former spouse will live separate and apart, you two are still his or her parents and no one will replace this special role in their lives.
Your child may feel confused if you or your spouse begin dating new people, so wait a period to ensure the relationship is stable (6 months is often recommended) before introducing your child. Remind your child that you and your former spouse may find new companions to spend time with and develop long-lasting relationships with, because this makes mom and dad happy, but that this does not change who mom and dad are.
If you plan to introduce new siblings in the future, whether by common law, marriage, or blood relations, plan to do so slowly. Be sure to include your child's own grandparents for visits as well to assure your child that he or she is loved by the family.
Navigating divorce with children can be extremely emotionally difficult, especially when you and your spouse are having a difficult time reaching a parenting agreement. Our legal team is committed to making this process easier for you and helping you reach a satisfactory agreement with your spouse as efficiently and effectively as possible. Call us for a family law consultation in Etobicoke at 416-239-4811.


According to our database1, Christopher Potts authored at least 36 papers between 2006 and 2018.
Enculturation Trajectories: Language, Cultural Adaptation, and Individual Outcomes in Organizations.
Generating Bilingual Pragmatic Color References.
Mittens: an Extension of GloVe for Learning Domain-Specialized Representations.
Pragmatically Informative Image Captioning with Character-Level Inference.
Representing Social Media Users for Sarcasm Detection.
Retrofitting Distributional Embeddings to Knowledge Graphs with Functional Relations.
Colors in Context: A Pragmatic Neural Model for Grounded Language Understanding.
Embedded Implicatures as Pragmatic Inferences under Compositional Lexical Uncertainty.
Learning to Generate Compositional Color Descriptions.
Modeling the Lifespan of Discourse Entities with Application to Coreference Resolution.
Exploiting Social Network Structure for Person-to-Person Sentiment Analysis.
Sentiment expression conditioned by affective transitions and social forces.
Sentiment Flow Through Hyperlink Networks.
Corpus Evidence for Preference-Driven Interpretation.
Modeling Expert Effects and Common Ground Using Questions Under Discussion.
Crowdsourcing and language studies: the new generation of linguistic data.
Not a Simple Yes or No: Uncertainty in Indirect Answers.
Affective Demonstratives and the Division of Pragmatic Labor.
Conversational Implicatures Via General Pragmatic Pressures.


text:
2013 GERRY HOLMES AWARD RECIPIENT – KELLY LING
Each year, the Virden Indoor Rodeo & Wild West Daze recognizes a dedicated volunteer with the presentation of the Gerry Holmes Memorial Award.
This year's recipient is Kelly Lyng.
Kelly's involvement started in about the third year of this rodeo when his sister Shelly, who was already on the committee, asked him to take a truck and trailer to Brandon to pick up some panels from the Keystone Centre.
He soon became involved organizing help for the rough stock end of the rodeo and for a time operated the out gate, where the animals leave the arena after each ride. He quickly decided that this was not the job for him, especially during the bull riding.
As Kelly had operated spot lights during the MRCA Finals, he was a natural fit when this rodeo began to use them in the opening ceremonies.
For the last 10 years, he has crafted the mirrors which the winners of the Gerry Holmes Memorial Award receive.
For a number of years, Kelly and his family, wife Cherie, daughter Rae and son Kelby, have brought horses and ponies to the downtown events on Thursday evening, offering free rides.
He served on the board of the Manitoba High School Rodeo Association, acting as its President when the Canadian High School Rodeo Finals were held in Virden from 2010 to 2012.
For at least the last 15 years, Kelly has been "in the trenches", so to speak, organizing and working with the timed event cattle, keeping the right animal ready for each run. Never an easy job, especially with the heat in the former arena, it took on a life of its own.
This extensive and varied involvement in the Virden Indoor Rodeo & Wild West Daze makes Kelly Lyng a fitting recipient of this year's 2013 Gerry Holmes Memorial Award.


text:
Меда́ль «За змі́цнення бойово́ї співдру́жності» — медаль, державна нагорода СРСР. Введена указом Президії Верховної Ради СРСР 25 травня 1979 року.

Опис
Медаль «За зміцнення бойової співдружності» має форму правильного круга діаметром 32 мм, виготовлена з томпаку золотавого кольору.

На лицьовому боці медалі розміщена п'ятикутна зірка, кінці якої вкриті червоною емаллю. У центральній частині зірки розташований щит з написами «ЗА УКРЕПЛЕНИЕ БОЕВОГО СОДРУЖЕСТВА» та «СССР». З обох боків зірки по колу — лаврові гілки, у нижній частині — два схрещені мечі. Усі зображення та написи — випуклі.

Зворотний бік медалі — матовий.

Медаль «За зміцнення бойової співдружності» за допомогою вушка і кільця з'єднується з п'ятикутною колодочкою, обтягнутою шовковою муаровою стрічкою шириною 24 мм. Стрічка складається з подовжніх смужок кольорів, представлених на прапорах країн-учасниць Варшавського договору. Послідовність смужок зліва направо: зелена (4 мм), біла (1 мм), червона (5,5 мм), жовта (1 мм), чорна (1 мм), жовта (1 мм), червона (5,5 мм), біла (1 мм), синя (4 мм).

Нагородження медаллю
Медаллю «За зміцнення бойової співдружності» нагороджувалися військовослужбовці, співробітники органів державної безпеки, внутрішніх справ, інші громадаяни держав-учасниць Варшавського договору, а також інших соціалістичних та дружніх держав за заслуги по зміцненню бойової співдружності та військового співробітництва.

Здебільшого медаллю нагороджувалися організатори і учасники спільних навчань армій країн-учасниць Варшавського договору. Коло нагороджених було дуже обмеженим, тому медаль є однією з найменш розповсюджених медалей СРСР.

Медаль носиться на лівій стороні грудей, за наявності у нагородженого інших медалей СРСР розташовується після медалі «Ветеран Збройних сил СРСР».

Загалом медаллю «За зміцнення бойової співдружності» було проведено близько 20 000 нагороджень.

Посилання
 Медаль «За укрепление боевого содружества»

Військові нагороди СРСР
Нагороди, засновані 1979


text:
Claytonia perfoliata (syn. Montia perfoliata), also known as miner's lettuce, Indian lettuce, winter purslane, or palsingat (Cahuilla), is a flowering plant in the family Montiaceae. It is an edible, fleshy, herbaceous, annual plant native to the western mountain and coastal regions of North America.

Description
Claytonia perfoliata is a tender rosette-forming plant that grows to some  in height, but mature plants can be as short as . The cotyledons are usually bright green (rarely purplish- or brownish-green), succulent, long and narrow. The first true leaves form a rosette at the base of the plant, and are  long, with a typically long petiole (exceptionally up to  long).

The small pink or white flowers have five petals  long. The flowers appear from February to May or June and are grouped 5–40 together. The flowers grow above a pair of leaves that are connected together around the stem so as to appear as a single circular leaf. Mature plants form a rosette; they have numerous erect to spreading stems that branch from the base.

C. perfoliata is common in the springtime, and prefers a cool, damp environment. The plant first appears in sunlit areas after the first heavy rains of the year, though the best stands are found in shaded areas, especially in the uplands, into early summer. As the days get hotter and drier, the leaves turn a deep red color as they dry out.

Taxonomy
Together with two other Claytonia species, Claytonia parviflora and C. rubra, C. perfoliata comprises what is almost certainly a polyploid pillar complex, which is based on three diploid species.  Two key studies on the population ecology and genetics of the C. perfoliata complex were published in 2012.

Subspecies
There are three well-studied geographical subspecies of C. perfoliata:
 Claytonia perfoliata subsp. perfoliata: Pacific coastal United States and Canada (British Columbia)
 Claytonia perfoliata subsp. intermontana: interior western United States
 Claytonia perfoliata subsp. mexicana: coastal southern California and Arizona, all the way south to Mexico to Guatemala

Other names
C. perfoliata is called piyada̠' in the Western Mono language and palsingat in Ivilyuat — two Native American languages of California.

Distribution and habitat
The species can be found from southernmost Alaska and central British Columbia, all the way south to Central America, but most common in California in the Sacramento and northern San Joaquin Valleys. As of 2019 sightings of this plant have been found as far inland as Arkansas.

Uses

The common name of miner's lettuce refers to how the plant was used by miners during the California Gold Rush, who ate it to prevent scurvy. It is in season in April and May, and can be eaten as a leaf vegetable. The entire plant is edible, except the roots, and it provides vitamin C. Most commonly, it is eaten raw in salads, but it is not quite as delicate as cultivated lettuce. Sometimes, it is boiled like spinach, which it resembles in taste and chemical composition. Caution should be used because wild C. perfoliata can sometimes accumulate toxic amounts of soluble oxalates (also present in spinach).

The plant is known as palsingat or, possibly, lahchumeek in Ivilyuat and it was eaten fresh or boiled as a green by the Ivilyuqaletem (Cahuilla) of Southern California. It, along with Claytonia exigua, is available for gathering in the early spring.

It has been widely naturalized in western Europe, after being introduced there in the 18th century, possibly by the naturalist Archibald Menzies, who brought it to Kew Gardens in London in 1794.

References

External links

 Flora North America Claytonia perfoliata
 Calflora database: Claytonia perfoliata (Miner's lettuce)
 Jepson Flora Project: Claytonia perfoliata
 Plants of British Columbia: Claytonia perfoliata

perfoliata
Flora of Alaska
Flora of British Columbia
Flora of California
Flora of Central America
Flora of Mexico
Flora of Idaho
Flora of Oregon
Flora of the California desert regions
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Flora of Washington (state)
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the Central Valley (California)
Taxa named by Carl Ludwig Willdenow
Taxa named by Aimé Bonpland
Annual plants
Leaf vegetables
Lettuce
Plants used in Native American cuisine
Pre-Columbian California cuisine
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


text:
Disabled woman kept as a prisoner for more than a year
amny Credit: amny
By Sheila Anne Feeney March 27, 2012
A man and a woman from Rockaway Park were arraigned Tuesday for keeping a partially paralyzed woman prisoner for more than a year while they beat and abused her, forced her to clean up after their multiple pets, deprived her of food and medical care, and took her Social Security checks.
According to the Queens District Attorney, Patrick Donovan, 42, and Mae Washington, 63, both of 112-32 Rockaway Beach Blvd., inveigled the 58-year-old woman, identified in published reports as Maureen Murray, to leave her assisted living facility on Jan. 1 2011 and to move in with them to "save money."
After a niece complained on March 22 she was not permitted to speak with her aunt, cops found Murray in the residence with a broken arm, broken ribs, internal bleeding to her skull and cuts on her arms and legs. Donovan and Washington were charged with kidnapping, assault, unlawful imprisonment and endangering the welfare of an incompetent or disabled person. They face 25 years to life if convicted.
Attorneys for Donovan and Washington did not immediately return calls requesting comment.


text:
\section*{1. Introduction}

Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) have remarkable properties such as their high luminosities ($10^9\, L_{\odot}$) and their apparent homogeneous nature \citep{1995ApJ...438L..17R}.  \citet{1968AJ.....73.1021K} established the first Hubble diagram that suggested SNIa could be used as extragalactic distance indicators. Two decades later, \citet{1993ApJ...413L.105P} demonstrated the existence of a decline rate-absolute magnitude dependence for SNIa, validating that type Ia supernovae can act as standard candles. Work in subsequent years \citep{1995AJ....109....1H, 2007ApJ...659..122J, 2009ApJ...700.1097H, 2010ApJ...716..712A} has produced alternate descriptions of the correlations between the intrinsic luminosities of SNIa and the shapes of their light curves.

The properties of SNIa can be used to determine distances to galaxies at many hundreds of megaparsecs. At such distances, object are expected to have recessional velocities that individually differ from the mean by at most a few percent and collectively should define the cosmic expansion. Thanks to the great precision of SNIa distance estimates, high redshift SNIa revealed that the expansion of the universe is currently accelerating \citep{1998AJ....116.1009R, 1999ApJ...517..565P}. The SNIa method can provide the best estimate of the Hubble parameter once the zero point scale is set.  Independent distances are needed to the hosts of low redshift SNIa \citep{2009ApJ...699..539R, 2011ApJ...730..119R, 2010AJ....139..120F} to establish the absolute scale.

Our collaboration has recently contributed to the establishment of the SNIa scale \citep{2012ApJ...749..174C} primarily using constraints imposed by using distances acquired with the correlation between the luminosities and rotation rates of galaxies \citep{1977A&A....54..661T}, the Tully-Fisher relation (TFR).  Optical $I_C$ band luminosities were used in that study.   Now there is the opportunity to refine the calibration with the use of photometry at $3.6 \mu$m obtained with {\it Spitzer Space Telescope} \citep{2004ApJS..154....1W}.   The great advantage with Spitzer observations is photometric integrity to better than 1\% across the sky.  Additional advantages are minimal obscuration either within hosts or from our Galaxy, magnitude measures approximating total magnitudes because of low backgrounds, and fluxes dominated by light from old stars which presumptively correlates with galaxy mass.  By now, roughly 3000 galaxies have been observed with {\it Spitzer} and almost 1300 galaxies are being observed in the current cycle with our {\it Cosmic Flows with Spitzer} project (CFS\footnote{http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011sptz.prop80072T}).  Already, 39 galaxies have been observed that have hosted SNIa and are appropriate for an application of the TFR methodology.

The present discussion will closely parallel the paper by \citet{2012ApJ...749..174C} with the important difference being the use of mid-infrared $[3.6]$ photometry in place of optical $I_C$ photometry.
We begin with a brief summary of the data that are available on the hosts of SNIa galaxies and the treatment given to obtain distances using the TFR in the mid-infrared. Distance measurements obtained via the TFR are individually uncertain. Averaging over a cluster provides a more robust distance so we include clusters in our analysis. Distances determined with the TFR enable us to set a zero point for the SNIa distance scale. Consideration of a large sample of SNIa in the redshift range $0.03 < z < 0.5$ leads us to an estimate of the Hubble Constant.

\section*{2. Data}

Three parameters are needed to obtain distances with the TFR: a luminosity, a measure of rotation, and an inclination to account for projection effects.  Our sample in this study is a subset of the sample used for the same purpose of a determination of SNIa host absolute luminosities by \citet{2012ApJ...749..174C}.  In the current paper we use the same information on rotation rates, from HI profile information, and inclinations, from optical band imaging.  The difference in this work is the replacement of $I_C$ luminosities with $[3.6]$ luminosities from observations using {\it Spitzer Space Telescope} IRAC channel 1.  Presently, not all the galaxies included in the $I_C$ band study have been satisfactorily observed with {\it Spitzer}.
We have retrieved data from the {\it Spitzer Heritage Archive}  for 39 galaxies that have hosted SNIa from the list of 56 galaxies given by \citet{2012ApJ...749..174C}. The archival material comes from the programs {\it Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey}, SINGS, \citep{2005ApJ...633..857D,2007ApJ...655..863D}, {\it Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies}, $S^{4}G$, \citep{2010PASP..122.1397S}, {\it Carnegie Hubble Program}, CHP, \citep{2011AJ....142..192F}, and our ongoing {\it Cosmic Flows with Spitzer} project, CFS.

	Photometry for these galaxies is carried out using a Spitzer-adapted version of Archangel \citep{2012PASA...29..174S} described in \citet{sorce2012a}. Luminosity corrections for IRAC channel 1 flux measurements were described in detail in \citet{sorce2012a}. Briefly, observed total magnitudes, $[3.6]$, must be corrected for extinction both within our Galaxy, $A_b^{[3.6]}$ \citep{1998ApJ...500..525S}, and within the hosts, $A_i^{[3.6]}$ \citep{1998AJ....115.2264T},  $k$-corrected, $A_k^{[3.6]}$ \citep{1968ApJ...154...21O, 2007ApJ...664..840H}, and receive an aperture correction, $A_a^{[3.6]}$ \citep{2005PASP..117..978R}.
A fully corrected magnitude $[3.6]^{b,i,k,a}$ in the AB system for IRAC ch.1 {\it Spitzer} data is
\begin{equation}
[3.6]^{b,i,k,a} = [3.6] - A_b^{[3.6]} - A_i^{[3.6]} - A_k^{[3.6]}+A_a^{[3.6]}
\end{equation}

\section*{3. Host Distances}

Our calibration of the TFR at $3.6 \mu$m is described in \citet{sorce2012b}.  The zero point is primarily set by Cepheids assuming a Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) modulus $18.48 \pm 0.03$ (Freedman et al. 2012).
The calibration used the correlation that assumes all errors are in the distance-independent line width parameter, the so-called `inverse' fit.  Corrections must be made to account for a small Malmquist bias effect with bias $b = -0.0065(\mu -31)^2$ where $\mu$ is the distance modulus.  Of greater importance is a color term. The calibration paper describes the tightening of the correlation that is provided by the adjustment to observed magnitude based on a color differential between the near-infrared $I_C$ band and the mid-infrared $[3.6]$ band
\begin{equation}
\Delta [3.6]^{color} = -0.36 - 0.47(I_C - [3.6])
\end{equation}
whence $C_{[3.6]} = [3.6]^{b,i,k,a} - \Delta [3.6]^{color}$.  Absolute color adjusted magnitudes $M_{C_{[3.6]}}$ are given by the equation
\begin{equation}
M_{C_{[3.6]}} = -20.34 - 9.13 ({\rm log} W_{mx}^{i} -2.5)
\end{equation}
where $W^i_{mx}$ is the HI line width, de-projected from inclination $i$ to edge-on, and adjusted to approximate twice the maximum rotation velocity of the galaxy \citep{2011MNRAS.414.2005C}. The rms scatter about this mid-IR version of the TFR is $\pm$0.42 mag in the calibration sample. A distance modulus is given by $\mu^c = C_{[3.6]} - M_{C_{[3.6]}} - b$.  These parameters are accumulated in Table~\ref{tbl:sn} for 39 galaxies that have hosted SNIa and been observed with {\it Spizer Space Telescope}.

Thirteen clusters were used to form the calibration template for the $[3.6]$ band TFR \citep{sorce2012b} so there is a good distance determination for each of these clusters. Suitably observed SNIa have been observed in 8 of these clusters.  Pertinent information is provided in Table \ref{tbl:clust}.  With the 2 nearest clusters (Virgo and Fornax) high quality distance measures are available from Cepheid and Surface Brightness Fluctuation observations and these measures contribute to (indeed, dominate) the values of the moduli in column 3 of the table.  The averaging over multiple contributions follows \citet{2012ApJ...749..174C}.  When there were more than one SNIa observed per galaxy or cluster, or more than one observation per SNIa, we take averaged SNIa modulus estimates \citep{2012ApJ...749..174C}.  The SNIa information is discussed in the next section.

\section*{4. SNIa zero point scale and H$_0$}

\citet{2012ApJ...749..174C} discuss the accumulation of a sample of SNIa from 5 sources \citep{2006ApJ...647..501P, 2007ApJ...659..122J, 2009ApJ...700.1097H, 2010AJ....139..120F, 2010ApJ...716..712A} with scale shifts as appropriate to match the scale of the last of these sources, a compilation referred to as UNION2.  Relevant distance moduli are gathered from these 5 sources and recorded in Table~\ref{tbl:clust} with averaging in the case of clusters with multiple recorded SNIa events.  Moduli drawn from Tables 1 and 2 are compared in Figure~\ref{comparison}.

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.44]{dm_sn1a_av_tfqL.eps}
\caption{Comparison between moduli derived with SNIa and with `other' methods: the TFR, with Cepheid and Surface Brightness Fluctuation supplements. The comparisons include 39 individual galaxies with TFR measurements (filled points) and 8 clusters (open squares).  The straight line is a weighted fit to the 39 galaxies with TFR distances and 6 of the 8 clusters.}
\label{comparison}
\end{figure}

The straight line in this figure is a fit, assuming slope unity, to the 39 individual galaxies each with weight 1 and 6 clusters each with weight 9.  The locations of two clusters are deviant (Centaurus at $5\sigma$ under the fit in Fig.~\ref{comparison} and A1367 at $3\sigma$ over the fit). These two clusters were deviant and rejected from the optical SNIa calibration \citep{2012ApJ...749..174C} and for consistency in the comparison are again rejected from the fit.  The offset between the newly determined distance moduli (other) and the SNIa moduli on the UNION2 scale is $\mu_{other} - \mu_{SN} = 0.58$. The comparable fit with $I_C$ band material was shown in Figure~5 of  \citet{2012ApJ...749..174C}.  The offset in that earlier case was 0.56. The current calibration increases distances by 1\% and reduce H$_0$ by 1\%.

The galaxies observed to date with Spitzer are only a subset of those discussed in the $I_C$ band calibration paper.  It is instructive to compare results using only identical galaxies and clusters rather than using the ensemble of available samples as was done above.  Figure~\ref{LmI} compares distance moduli measured alternatively with mid-IR [3.6] photometry with {\it Spitzer} and optical $I_C$ photometry observed from the ground, using the same line width and inclination parameters.  The comparison involves the 13 clusters used to establish the TFR template at $I_C$ \citep{2012ApJ...749...78T} and [3.6] (Sorce et al. 2012b) and the 39 individual galaxies that have hosted SNIa (\citet{2012ApJ...749..174C} and this paper).  With the individual SNIa hosts there is a hint of an increase in the difference between moduli for the more distant cases but the trend is not statistically significant.  No such trend is seen with the clusters.  Overall the [3.6] moduli are greater than the $I_C$ moduli by $0.02 \pm 0.02$ mag.  The difference of 1\% in distance is not statistically significant.  It is to be noted, though, that the new mid-IR calibration is tied to a distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud that is 1\% closer than previously assumed (Sorce et al. 2012b).  With a common choice of LMC distance, the [3.6] band distances are 2\% greater than those at $I_C$ band.

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.44]{dm_sn1a_L-I.eps}
\caption{Differences in TFR distance moduli measured at [3.6] and at $I_C$ plotted against the [3.6] moduli. Filled points: the 39 galaxies that have hosted SNIa; open squares: the 13 TFR template calibrator clusters.}
\label{LmI}
\end{figure}

The final calibration of the SNIa distance scale in the $I_C$ band analysis of \citet{2012ApJ...749..174C} lead to the determination of the Hubble Constant shown in their Figure~8.  It is based on a fit over the redshift range $0.03 <  z < 0.5$ to the UNION2 sample \citep{2010ApJ...716..712A}, with cosmological parameters $\Omega_m = 0.27$, and $\Omega_{\Lambda} = 0.73$.  The result obtained in that paper was H$_0 = 75.9 \pm 3.8$~{\rm km~s$^{-1}$~Mpc$^{-1}$}.  In the present work, distances are decreased 1\% due to a revised Large Magellanic Cloud modulus and increased 2\% with the switch from optical $I_C$ to mid-IR $[3.6]$ magnitudes.
The present calibration is in statistical agreement with the earlier work though formally gives a result $1\%$ lower.
An error budget was discussed by \cite{2012ApJ...749..174C}.  Uncertainties are reduced with this new work in two respects.  First, there is increased confidence in the absolute scale set by the distance to the LMC (Freedman et al. 2012).  Second, the mid-IR calibration of the TFR (Sorce et al. 2012b) removes latent concerns about possible photometric differences in different parts of the sky.  These two improvements warrant a decrease in our error estimate from 5\% to 4\%.
Our best estimate for the Hubble Constant is now H$_0 = 75.2 \pm3.0$~{\rm km~s$^{-1}$~Mpc$^{-1}$}.

\section*{5. Conclusions}

The new mid-infrared TFR calibration of the SNIa distance scale leads to a result for the Hubble Constant that is not significantly different from the earlier optical TFR calibration.
The earlier calibration made use of a considerably larger collection of material.  Besides using over 50\% more individual TFR galaxies, it gave consideration to 61 groups or clusters hosting SNIa with distances not only from the TFR but also with Cepheid, surface brightness fluctuation, and fundamental plane measurements.  Nevertheless we contend that the present confirming work has value because it puts to rest a concern with the optical study.  The optical photometry was acquired by a diverse community of observers on several telescopes with a variety of detectors and filters and subject to the vagaries associated with ground-based observations.  This new mid-IR photometry is being acquired with a single observing configuration in space advertising photometric consistency across the sky to better than 1\%.  In the fullness of time it can be anticipated that the mid-IR calibration of the distance scale will be made more robust with linkages to SNIa involving several hundred galaxies.  The paper describing the calibration of the mid-IR TFR had already lead to a preliminary determine of the Hubble Constant of H$_0 = 74 \pm4$~{\rm km~s$^{-1}$~Mpc$^{-1}$} \citep{sorce2012b}.  The present study extends the calibration to distances where peculiar velocities should have negligible impact and we find H$_0 = 75.2 \pm3.0$~{\rm km~s$^{-1}$~Mpc$^{-1}$}.

\bigskip

We especially thank our {\it Cosmic Flows with Spitzer} collaborators Wendy Freedman, Tom Jarrett, Barry Madore, Eric Persson, Mark Seibert, and Ed Shaya although most of the data used in this paper comes from the {\it Spitzer} archive.  We are indebted to James Shombert for the development and support of the Archangel photometry package.  We thank Kartik Sheth for discussions regarding {\it Spitzer} photometry.  NASA through the {\it Spitzer Science Center} provides support for {\it Cosmic Flows with Spitzer}  cycle 8 program 80072.
RBT receives support for aspects of this program from the US National Science Foundation with award AST-0908846.

\clearpage

\begin{table}[h!]
\caption{Properties of individual SNIa galaxies}
\begin{tabular}{|l|r|l|r|c|r|r|c|c|c|}
\hline
Name\tablenotemark{a} & PGC\tablenotemark{b} & SNIa\tablenotemark{c} & $V_{CMB}$\tablenotemark{d} & $W_{mx}^i$\tablenotemark{e} & $[3.6]^{b,i,k,a}$ \tablenotemark{f} & $C_{[3.6]}$\tablenotemark{g} & $M_{C_{[3.6]}}$\tablenotemark{h} & $\mu_{TF}$\tablenotemark{i} & $\mu_{SN}$\tablenotemark{j} \\
\hline

UGC00646 & 3773 & 1998ef & 5011 & 389 & 12.89 & 12.88 & -21.16 &  34.10 & 33.25 \\
PGC005341 & 5341 & 1998dm & 1663 & 236 & 12.91 & 12.79 & -19.18 & 31.97 & 32.24 \\
NGC0673 & 6624 & 1996bo & 4898 & 445 & 12.04 & 12.19 & -21.69 & 33.94 & 33.23 \\
 NGC0958 & 9560 & 2005A & 5501 & 584 & 11.09 & 11.24 & -22.77 & 34.07 & 33.82 \\
ESO300-9 & 11606 & 1992bc & 5918 & 323 & 14.69 & 14.67 & -20.42 & 35.21 & 33.91 \\
NGC1148 & 13727 & 2001el & 1092 & 386 & 10.05 & 10.05 & -21.13 & 31.18 & 30.61 \\
UGC03329 & 17509 & 1999ek & 5277 & 525 & 12.13 & 11.89 & -22.35 & 34.30 & 33.53 \\
UGC03375 & 18089 & 2011gc & 5792 & 535 & 11.82 & 11.78 & -22.42 & 34.28 & 33.48 \\
PGC018373 & 18373 & 2003kf & 2295 & 234 & 12.72 & 12.69 & -19.15 & 31.84 & 31.85 \\
UGC03432 & 18747 & 1996bv & 5015 & 289 & 14.20 & 14.12 & -19.98 & 34.17 & 33.32 \\
UGC03576 & 19788 & 1998ec & 6013 & 393 & 13.03 & 13.07 & -21.20 & 34.34 & 34.07 \\
UGC03370 & 20513 & 2000fa & 6525 & 371 & 13.48 & 13.56 & -20.97 & 34.61 & 34.21\\
UGC03845 & 21020 & 1997do & 3136 & 257 & 13.35 & 13.39 & -19.52 & 32.93 & 32.67 \\
NGC2841& 26512 & 1999by & 804 & 650 & 8.68 & 8.66 & -23.20 & 31.86 & 30.23 \\
NGC3021 & 28357 & 1995al & 1797 & 303 & 11.68 & 11.84 & -20.17 & 32.02 & 31.73 \\
NGC3294 & 31428 & 1992G & 1831 & 431 & 10.77 & 10.84 & -21.57 & 32.42 & 31.65 \\
NGC3368 & 32192 & 1998bu & 1231 & 428 & 8.80 & 8.89 & -21.54 & 30.43 & 29.35 \\
NGC3370 & 32207 & 1994ae & 1609 & 312 & 11.68 & 11.81 & -20.29 & 32.11 & 31.58 \\
NGC3627 & 34695 & 1989b & 1061 & 385 & 8.33 & 8.40 & -21.12 & 29.54 & 29.11 \\
NGC3663 & 35006 & 2006ax & 5396 & 443 & 12.44 & 12.41 & -21.68 & 34.14 & 33.67 \\
NGC3672 & 35088 & 2007bm & 2223 & 399 & 10.59 & 10.68 & -21.26 & 31.94 & 31.62 \\
NGC4501 & 41517 & 1999cl & 2601 & 570 & 8.84 & 8.90 & -22.68 & 31.58 & 30.35 \\
NGC4527 & 41789 & 1991T & 2072 & 362 & 9.34 & 9.56 & -20.88 & 30.44 & 29.84 \\
NGC4536 & 41823 & 1981B & 2144 & 341 & 9.81 & 9.96 & -20.64 & 30.60 & 30.18 \\
NGC4639 & 42741 & 1990N & 1308 & 336 & 11.18 & 11.23 & -20.58 & 31.82 & 31.07 \\
NGC4680 & 43118 & 1997bp & 2824 & 237 & 12.09 & 12.23 & -19.20 & 31.43 & 31.97 \\
NGC4679 & 43170 & 2001cz & 4935 & 427 & 11.83 & 11.90 & -21.53 & 33.47 & 33.33 \\
NGC5005 & 45749 & 1996ai & 1178 & 601 & 9.05 & 9.11 & -22.89 & 32.00 & 30.96 \\
ESO576-040 & 46574 & 1997br & 2385 & 170 & 13.82 & 13.69 & -17.88 & 31.57 & 31.32 \\
PGC47514 & 47514 & 2007ca & 4517 & 285 & 14.03 & 13.89 & -19.93 & 33.87 & 33.78 \\
NGC5584 & 51344 & 2007af & 1890 & 267 & 11.75 & 11.74 & -19.67 & 31.41 & 31.31 \\
IC1151 & 56537 & 1991M & 2274 & 242 & 12.91 & 12.88 & -19.28 & 32.18 & 32.58 \\
NGC6063 & 57205 & 1999ac & 2950 & 308 & 13.06 & 13.01 & -20.24 & 33.27 & 32.41 \\
UGC10738 & 59769 & 2001cp & 6726 & 585 & 12.52 & 12.61 & -22.78 & 35.51 & 34.23 \\
UGC10743 & 59782 & 2002er & 2574 & 206 & 12.74 & 12.83 & -18.64 & 31.48 & 32.10\\
NGC6962 & 65375 & 2002ha & 3936 & 633 & 11.11 & 11.19 & -23.09 & 34.35 & 33.10 \\
IC5179 & 68455 & 1999ee & 3158 & 444 & 10.86 & 11.15 & -21.69 & 32.86 & 32.59 \\
NGC7329 & 69453 & 2006bh & 3143 & 461 & 11.24 & 11.36 & -21.83 & 33.23 & 32.61 \\
NGC7448 & 70213 & 1997dt & 1838 & 316 & 11.37 & 11.44 & -20.34 & 31.78 & 32.49 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\tablenotemark{a}{Common name}\\
\tablenotemark{b}{PGC name}\\
\tablenotemark{c}{SNIa identification}\\
\tablenotemark{d}{Mean velocity of host galaxy with respect to the CMB, {\rm km/s}}\\
\tablenotemark{e}{Corrected rotation rate parameter corresponding to twice maximum velocity, {\rm km/s}}\\
\tablenotemark{f}{Corrected $3.6 \mu$m magnitude in the AB system, mag}\\
\tablenotemark{g}{Color adjusted magnitude, mag}\\
\tablenotemark{h}{Absolute color adjusted magnitude, mag}\\
\tablenotemark{i}{TFR distance modulus corrected for bias, mag}\\
\tablenotemark{j}{SNIa distance modulus, mag}
\label{tbl:sn}
\end{table}

\clearpage

\begin{table}[h!]
\caption{Properties of clusters with SNIa}
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
Cluster\tablenotemark{a} & $V_{CMB}$\tablenotemark{b} & $\mu_{other}$\tablenotemark{c} & No. CFS\tablenotemark{d} & $\mu_{SN}$\tablenotemark{e} & SNIa names\tablenotemark{f} \\
\hline
Virgo   & 1410 & 31.08 $\pm$  0.06 & 24 & 30.27 $\pm$ 0.10 & 1991bg, 1994D, 1999cl, 2006X  \\
Fornax & 1484  & 31.47 $\pm$  0.06 & 15 & 30.70 $\pm$ 0.14 & 1980N, 1992A\\
Cen30  & 3679  & 32.93 $\pm$ 0.20 & 11 & 33.33 $\pm$ 0.20 & 2001cz\\
Pisces  & 4779  & 34.05 $\pm$ 0.11 & 23 & 33.44 $\pm$ 0.09 & 1998ef, 1999ej, 2000dk, 2001en, 2006td\\
Cancer & 4940  & 34.14 $\pm$ 0.13 & 11 & 33.49 $\pm$ 0.20 & 1999aa \\
Coma  & 7194  & 34.90 $\pm$ 0.13 & 16 & 34.56 $\pm$ 0.14 & 2006cg, 2007bz\\
A1367 & 6923  & 34.92 $\pm$ 0.14 & 19 & 33.75 $\pm$ 0.20 & 2007ci\\
A2634/66 & 8381  & 35.24 $\pm$ 0.13  & 18 & 35.17 $\pm$ 0.20 & 1997dg\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\tablenotemark{a}{Cluster name}\\
\tablenotemark{b}{Mean velocity of the cluster with respect to the CMB, {\rm km/s}}\\
\tablenotemark{c}{TFR distance modulus corrected for bias (Virgo and Fornax are special cases discussed in text), mag}\\
\tablenotemark{d}{Number of galaxies used in the TFR calibration}\\
\tablenotemark{e}{SNIa distance modulus, mag}\\
\tablenotemark{f}{SNIa identifications}

\label{tbl:clust}
\end{table}

\clearpage

\bibliographystyle{ApJ}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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The Voting Booth
Author: Brandy Colbert
Series: 10 new novels by Black authors
Genre: Young Adult Fiction
ASIN: B0866CR2DQ
I appreciate how in this timely book, Brandy Colbert takes on big, complex issues and serves up a warm and engaging story. Black teen protagonists Marva and Duke take turns as narrators, which makes the story feel intimate and personal, while offering lots of food for thought. Told over the course of one day, Marva, enthusiastic citizen, and Duke, son of a politically-engaged family, overcome obstacles in their quest to make Duke's vote count on election day. As they work together for a shared cause, they talk about their lives, and the hard stuff they're facing, right now. It's a book I'm sure I'll continue to think about as our own election day draws nearer here in the United States.
From Stonewall Award-winning author Brandy Colbert comes an all-in-one-day love story perfect for fans of The Sun is Also A Star.
Marva Sheridan was born ready for this day. She's always been driven to make a difference in the world, and what better way than to vote in her first election?
Duke Crenshaw is so done with this election. He just wants to get voting over with so he can prepare for his band's first paying gig tonight.
Only problem? Duke can't vote.
When Marva sees Duke turned away from their polling place, she takes it upon herself to make sure his vote is counted. She hasn't spent months doorbelling and registering voters just to see someone denied their right.
And that's how their whirlwind day begins, rushing from precinct to precinct, cutting school, waiting in endless lines, turned away time and again, trying to do one simple thing: vote. They may have started out as strangers, but as Duke and Marva team up to beat a rigged system (and find Marva's missing cat), it's clear that there's more to their connection than a shared mission for democracy.
Romantic and triumphant, The Voting Booth is proof that you can't sit around waiting for the world to change?but some things are just meant to be.
Other books in "10 new novels by Black authors"
The City We Became: A Novel
Deacon King Kong
You Should See Me in a Crown
The Boyfriend Project
Let Me Hear a Rhyme
Bingo Love
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text:
Pharmaceutical Pollution on the Rise
Joshua Pirestani
Unsafe drug manufacturing facilities give rise to multidrug-resistant bacteria.
In recent years, drug manufacturing has evolved to where it is now a global industry. With the emergence of globalization and the continuous popularity of outsourcing, many drug companies have partnered with foreign drug manufacturers in Asia in the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
While this practice results in cheaper overhead and manufacturing expenses as a whole, globalized drug manufacturing also contributes to the rise in pharmaceutical pollution, according to a study published in the journal Infection.
What the Study Was All About
Dr Christoph Lubbert, et al, authored a study on the relationship of pharmaceutical pollution to multidrug-resistant bacteria. His research was the first systematic analysis of this kind, and was conducted in Hyderabad, South India, the center of drug manufacturing in the country.
The study examined the presence of APIs in wastewater from drug manufacturing industries in the area and its association with the proliferation of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. The Changing Markets Foundation composed a corresponding report supporting the findings.
The researchers concluded that water resources are contaminated by antimicrobial pharmaceuticals, which results in the dissemination of carbapenemase-producing pathogens. Also, more than 95% of the water samples had the presence of MDR bacterial strains.
To test for pharmaceutical pollution, several areas were considered and tested. These included the nearby villages, the Musi River, 2 sewage treatment plants, and the direct environment of facilities for drug manufacturing. There were 28 water samples collected from these sampling sites.
Approximately 16 of these samples were tested for antimicrobial substances, while the whole lot was tested for the presence of drug-resistant bacteria. Collection was performed from November 19-28, 2016, and according to the study, poor wastewater management by facilities that manufacture drugs contributes to this problem.
Growing Concern
The worsening of pharmaceutical pollution increases the threat to health on a global scale. If nothing is done to address this concern, the number of strains that are resistant to last-line antibiotics, such as carbapenems, will increase.
The World Health Organization has already expressed the potential for more people to be prone to developing MDR tuberculosis each year, with an estimate of approximately 500,000. Moreover, there were approximately 600 reported cases related to the presence of drug-resistant strains from 2003 to 2015 in the UK.
Other Causes of MDR
While globalized drug manufacturing has only recently been considered a contributing factor to pharmaceutical pollution that results in the growth of drug-resistant bacteria strains, there are 2 other culprits to the problem. One is farming and the other cause is the misuse and abuse of antibiotics. The latter is prevalent since a number of people taking medications usually do not follow the instructions of doctors and end up overusing prescribed drugs.
With drug manufacturing facilities in other countries potentially partly responsible for the creation of potential breeding grounds for MDR bacteria, this has turned into a global issue. Lubbert and his colleagues are suggesting the improvement in waste management as a potential solution. They are also calling for the attention of drug manufacturing companies and the concerned agencies to pay more attention to environmental controls to ensure this problem is addressed.
Today, India and China are considered big players in API production in the growing global pharmaceutical industry. While the WHO and other concerned regulatory bodies are on watch, focus is more on the safety of the drugs being sold in the market, and not necessarily on the environmental and health effects of pharmaceutical pollution.
Joshua Pirestani is the president and founder of the American Pharmacy Purchasing Alliance.


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Pokémon Ranger: Shadows of Almia Review (Wii U eShop / DS)
New region, new Pokémon, similar circling action
Version Reviewed: European
review by Dave Frear Wed 6th Jul 2016
During the Pokémon Ranger games you spend a lot of time wandering around catching Pokémon. Captures are different from the main series, however, as Poké Balls are ditched in favour of Capture Stylers, requiring you to use the touch screen to draw circles around the Pokémon with your stylus. The first game has already seen a Virtual Console release and now Pokémon Ranger: Shadows of Almia hits the Wii U eShop, providing a tweaked but very similar experience to its predecessor.
This time around you begin the game as a youngster training at a Ranger School in the Almia region. Your time at the school serves to introduce you to the gameplay mechanics and whilst it's not a particularly in-depth course (you graduate a few days after enrolling), it's dragged out long enough to annoy. The first game featured a similarly lengthy introductory section and irritatingly this game assumes you haven't played that earlier release. Cue lots of the action stopping as someone explains something that you already know about; an option to skip past this would have been welcome.
As before there are numerous Pokémon encountered throughout the game; over 250 (mainly from the fourth generation) with their various abilities that must be avoided during capture and utilised elsewhere to progress through the game. There is a slight change to the capture procedure, as although Pokémon still require circling x amount of times, you no longer need to do this in one go.
A capture meter fills as you draw your line but should you stop (maybe to avoid an attack) it doesn't immediately reset to zero. This allows for a more relaxed capture procedure, although bonus points are awarded for quick and single-line captures. This change removes the annoyance from the first game that could occur should your capture line be broken just as you'd almost completed the final loop, but does also make things easier.
The game is not hugely varied as you are just walking from place-to-place to draw circles around Pokémon, but the different abilities of these Pokémon and the way they attack stops things from becoming too samey. The game features multiple partner Pokémon (although only one can travel with you at a time) and additional creatures can join you as you work through a mission. As before your entourage of pocket monsters have assist moves that help in captures and field moves to help clear obstacles in your way. In the case of field moves you often have to seek out a particular creature if the required ability is not possessed by anyone in your party.
Although the d-pad/control stick and buttons can be used for some parts of the game, it can be controlled entirely with the stylus and this works very well as you drag to walk and tap to interact with people and menus. Stylus play works especially well when using Off-TV play as you can play with the GamePad in portrait orientation with the two DS screens stacked atop each other, creating something similar to playing on the original hardware.
Sticking handheld games on a television screen can be messy, but Shadows of Almia holds up quite well with the detail of sprites and objects, remaining clear as they avoid blending into their surroundings. If you find it's looking a bit too pixelated you can turn on screen smoothing which loses some of the finer detail but results in a less blocky look.
The storyline is fairly straightforward but interesting, with Team Dim Sun up to no good and placing machines to alter the behaviour of Pokémon and cause trouble. Your school friends are also busy with their careers and hearing of their exploits as you move through the game makes the Almia region seem a little more real. Progress through the game is also straightforward, although this makes it too linear as you are simply pointed from one disaster to the next. There are opportunities to wander off between missions however, and here you can take on a quest from a local resident. These are smaller missions that can be completed quickly, and are worth doing as they reward you with powerups to help in your future Pokémon-capturing escapades. The original release of the game included the option of downloading a few additional missions via the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection, but these missions are unavailable in this eShop release.
The difficulty in the game steadily increases and whilst it doesn't offer the challenge the previous game sometimes did, pick up enough stray hits from attackers and you can suddenly find it's game over. Defeat leads to a particularly depressing scene as you fall to your knees to stare at the smoking remains of your Capture Styler. As sombre music plays your gang of Pokémon (including your loyal partner) decide you are a complete loser and hop off screen. Save points are scattered throughout the game, but the usual Virtual Console restore point function is also present; this is useful as it's available at anytime and prevents you having to replay a large section of game to get back to where you were.
Like its predecessor Shadows of Almia takes a while to get going and the gameplay can get repetitive, but there's a variety of attacks to learn to deal with that helps to keep things interesting; if you like collecting Pokémon, tracking them down will keep you busy. The tweak to the capture process puts an end to the sometimes frustrating failures of the previous game, but it does lessen the challenge somewhat. Pokémon Ranger: Shadows of Almia is an enjoyable game, all said, but not an essential one.
Not Bad 6/10
Review copy provided by Nintendo
DoctorOverbuild
Wed 6th Jul 2016
I love the ranger series, this was a huge improvement over the previous one!
HandheldGuru97
I remember getting this game on my 11th birthday back in 2008...ah, some great memories made with this game, one of my favorites way back when too. Haven't gone back to it in...hell, maybe seven years or so. Probably doesn't hold up nearly as well as my nostalgia for it! Always held out some hope the series would make a return on the 3DS, sadly I think that ship sailed by a long time ago. Maybe I'll swoop this one up though...
EdFairway
I had only played Guardian Signs, but from my experience, I can only guess Shadows of Almia would be equally fun. Side note, who else enjoyed Pokemon Colosseum.
dadajo
The header says it got a 7/10 while the review itself at the bottom says it got a 6/10
I have a lot of nostalgia for the PKMN ranger games though I'm glad they stopped making them. Really the games were mediocre with a Pokemon skin. Still no where near the worse Pokemon games which a lot of people online seem to claim.
What is the worse though is the bad guy team names. Go-Rock Squad? Dim Sun? Pinchers? How long did it take to come up with those names?
@dadajo Because there's another review on this site that says 8/10 back when it was released. The site averages out all the given scores from the site.
BetaBugs64
Ah, my first Ranger game, and one of my first DS games. Still my favorite Ranger game, I remember it being first game I ever 100% completed as a kid.
TheFutureTrio
Wait, where's the review for Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Sky that you said you were working on? It's been weeks!
Tyranexx
I never played this one, somehow I missed out on it back in the day. XD I enjoyed its predecessor, but didn't really like the demo that I tried for Guardian Signs and never really picked up another Pokemon Ranger title.
@dadajo: I love the occasional Pokemon spinoff, but stay away from a DS game called Pokemon Dash. Your dreams of on-foot Pokemon racing will forever be shattered.
PiplupJ
Thu 7th Jul 2016
One of my favourite games. I have fond memories of playing it the Christmas of 2008. Although I have always struggled with the one rampardos.
Sam_Loser2
Sat 9th Jul 2016
I really liked this game, thought it a huge improvement over the first one, and... something about it was better than the third. I got bored of the third.
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Game Profile
10th Nov 2008 (USA)
21st Nov 2008 (UK/EU)
20th Mar 2008 (JPN)
Wii U eShop Release Date:
9th Jun 2016 (UK/EU), £6.29
4th Aug 2016 (USA), $9.99
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