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About ▽
Self-Sufficiency Study
Media ▽
The Women's Center for Education and Career Advancement is a 51-year-old nonprofit organization committed to the goal of economic justice and career opportunities for all New York City working families.
Through groundbreaking research, innovative technology resources, and hands-on training, we educate and advocate for socially just public policies and work to build the capacity of the human services and other sectors to help families achieve financial self-sufficiency.
The Women's Center for Education and Career Advancement (WCECA) was established in 1970 as a project of the National Council of Negro Women, Inc. to meet the challenge of providing marketable skills and education to women of color who held marginal and tenuous places in the paid labor force.
For 45 years, the Women's Center upheld its commitment to improve the economic self-sufficiency of women, especially the underserved and underrepresented. To work toward the goal of economic self-sufficiency for all NYC women, the Women's Center has conducted successful Career Services programs for 40,000 low-income and unemployed New York City women.
The Women's Center was one of the first NYC nonprofits to design and deliver holistic and comprehensive job readiness programs that addressed both women's professional and personal lives. Throughout more than four decades, the Women's Center has earned national recognition for many notable and innovative achievements including the following:
Pioneered a Liberal Arts / Business Associate Degree program at Pace University for hundreds of entry-level clerical workers.
Designed a self-help financial management program, Debtors Anonymous, which guided women in the workforce toward economic stability through the elimination of debt and development of financial assets.
Partnered with the American Women's Economic Development Corporation (AWED) for 11 years to create New Directions, a micro-enterprise training program that prepared hundreds of low-income women for business ownership.
Prepared thousands of women for full-time work through the expansion and continuing adaptation of its various Career Services Programs in order to meet the changing and challenging technology demands of the workplace, and to address the needs of women transitioning from welfare to work, displaced homemakers*, and other low-wage workers.
In 2012, Merble Reagon, the Executive Director, received the Celebrating Women Award on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the New York Women's Foundation, in recognition of the Center's four decades of outstanding service and support on behalf of underrepresented and underserved and women and girls in New York City.
In 2000, in support of the New York City nonprofit community and the constituents it serves, the Women's Center expanded its programming and developed the Self- Sufficiency Project, which resulted in the creation of the Self-Sufficiency Standard for New York City and the New York City Self-Sufficiency Calculator. The Self- Sufficiency Project provides capacity-building tools and technical support to community-based organizations, human services agencies, advocates, philanthropic and government agencies, and other non-profits working together to address poverty issues in New York City and to improve the lives of thousands of working poor people.
The Standard calculates the cost of living and working in New York City based on the borough in which a family lives, the number of people in the family, and the ages of the children. Since its introduction, NYC policy makers, workforce development professionals, philanthropic organizations, and government and social service agencies among others, have utilized the Standard to expand the dialog and set more realistic goals for moving families out of poverty toward economic security.
Based on Standard data, the Self-Sufficiency Calculator, an online, counselor-assisted tool, screens client families and connects low-wage workers to valuable benefits, work supports, and tax credits that can lift income and reduce expenses.
The Calculator provided technical support to organizations, institutions, and other advocates working to eradicate poverty in New York City. It was accessed by more than 2,000 counselors at over 400 non-profit organizations on behalf of an estimated 130,000 low-income client families generating approximately $360 million per annum in work-support income for low-income households. WCECA will release the updated Calculator and publish the sixth edition of the Standard in the fall of 2021. Each edition of the Standard has been distributed to 10,000+ recipients.
*A displaced homemaker is a woman whose primary work has taken place in the home and is forced to seek paid employment as a result of domestic violence, divorce, separation, widowhood or abandonment.
Women's Center for Education and Career Advancement
121 Avenue of the Americas, floor 6
Connect With WCECA on Twitter
@NYCWomensCenter
©2018 WCECA.org


The new boardwalk - officially opened this week by Mark Cocker, locally-based author and naturalist - is an impressive 600metres long and runs alongside the reedbeds adjacent to the River Waveney at Burgh Castle Roman Fort.
Previously, a wheelchair audit for Norfolk Trails at Norfolk County Council by the Norfolk Local Access Forum and local disability groups had revealed impediments to access, including areas which were affected by seasonal flooding. A boardwalk was the best option to make the path accessible, and a generous grant from WREN with additional funding from Norfolk Trails and the Norfolk Archaeological Trust allowed plans to go ahead. The project was led by Norfolk County Council, and delivered by Pathmakers, a new charity dedicated to making the countryside more accessible.
The boardwalk is accessible for people with mobility impairments, including wheelchairs-users and mobility scooter-users, and it links up to all-access paths to create a circular route around the fort site.
A leaflet which shows the route around the fort is downloadable here.


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We've been helping businesses succeed in creating image and styling for their brands for years. If what you need is professional photography, image editing of tired looking website images, or video story creation with a strong business focus then you are truly in the right place!
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"P-38 Reconnaissance Pilotâ€Â� Starring William Holden ("Bridge on the River Kwai") as Lt. "Packy" *******s. Photo recon pilots (Photo Joes) had one of the riskiest, highest impact jobs in the war. Flying camera equipped, unarmed, often unescorted aircraft -- in this case the Lockheed F-5, a "stripped down" P-38 -- pilots flew deep into enemy territory. "Reconnaissance Pilot" follows Packy *******s. from basic training to the skies over New Guinea. He's not particularly happy to be flying reconnaissance -- his Dad was a renowned World War I ace recently killed by the Japanese and he wants revenge. The story of the film is how Packy comes to realize the absolutely essential nature of photo recon and how one Foto Joe can have more deadly impact than a whole squadron of combat '38s. Along the way, you'll learn about photo recon and see some nice F-5 footage, The climax of the film, an action packed clash with a Japanese Zero, is based on a real incident where Alex Gary, the most decorated US recon pilot of the War, deep sixed his opponent without firing a shot.
"Target Tokyoâ€Â� Follow the men of the 21st Bomber Command and their B-29 Superfortresses from their training base in Grand Island, Nebraska, to the newly built air base at Saipan and right into the first 3,000 mile raid on Tokyo. Great up close and personal footage of the lives of air & ground crews, along with rare B-29 combat film shot on that first big raid on the Nakajima aircraft plant. Features cameos of crewmembers of the famous B-17 "Memphis Belle," who signed up for another tour of duty to fly B-29s against Japan. Narrated by Ronald Reagan.
This warm hearted documentary was produced, written, directed, and narrated by movie star Clark Gable while he was on assignment with the 8th Air Force, developing a gunnery training film. Though it contains plenty of combat footage and doesn't flinch in showing the high cost of war in the air, in many ways, it's more of a warm home movie than a hard-bitten, wartime "information" film. Gable chronicles the experiences of the men of the 351 Bombardment Group from the cool early morning mists of Colorado to the frigid skies over Germany. His affection and admiration for these men comes through loud and clear. This film is like a Kodachrome album out of the past, giving us snapshots of life on a front line air base in 1943.
If you haven't stopped by Zeno's Drive-In before, we also feature 1940-45 vintage WWII Army & Navy films and pilot's manuals on how to fly the F4U, F6F, P-38, P-39, P-40, P-47, P-51, P-61, TBF/TBM, AT-6/SNJ, B-17, B-24, B-25, A-20, A-26, B-26, B-29, and Stearman N2S. And there are different WWII documentaries every month "At the Matinee." That's over 14 hours of rockin' props for free viewing over the internet.


Step 1: You Need to Buy the Right Kind of Window.
Step 2: You Must Measure Window Space Accurately.
Step 3: How to Be Delicate When Removing Trim and Window Stops.
Step 5: Do a Rough Install First.
Step 6: Be Sure to Remove the Packing Clips.
Step 7: Fitting the Window in Place.


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PC, Xbox One
Amazing	User Avg
Sea Of Thieves' Broken Launch State Is Inexcusable
Poorna Shankar March 26, 2018 News, Opinions
Rare's latest game for Xbox and PC, Sea of Thieves, launched this past Tuesday after much hype. It's fair to say that anticipation for this game was high, given its showing the past two E3 conferences and effectively more than one year of testing in the form of closed alphas, scale tests, and betas.
Fellow writer, Joseph Bradford, penned his impressions after a few hours with Sea of Thieves over at our sister site, MMORPG.com. In fact, he and I streamed our adventures on Friday night, leading to some comically disastrous encounters.
However, despite these flashes of fun — and it would be foolish of me not to admit that there have been flashes of fun in Sea of Thieves — as responsible consumers and members of the media, we cannot nor should not ignore the inexcusable issues that have plagued the launch of Sea of Thieves.
Before I begin, I'd like to establish a few things up front so as to provide additional context for this editorial. I'm playing this game on PC. I have not paid for this game, however, I did not receive a code for review. I'm using the two week free trial of Games Pass that came with the purchase of my Xbox One X to play this game. And if I'm this angry at the state of this game having not paid for it, imagine those consumers who did shell out their hard-earned $60.
The problems with Sea of Thieves began almost immediately for both Bradford and myself. On launch night, late March 19, Bradford and I both finished downloading the game at approximately 11:30p Central time.
For 50 minutes, we both attempted launching the game. And for 50 minutes, we were presented with some combination of the following errors:
All this time, the official Sea of Thieves account was tweeting updates of the game. And it's through these tweets where you can track the increasing brokenness of the game.
First, a rush of new players caused the website to go down. Next, they tweeted that some players might be experiencing issues getting into the game.
Next came several tweets regarding Greybeard errors, join rates, and players experiencing issues with gold and reputation upon logging in.
Unfortunately, it didn't stop there. The updates on issues kept up a steady flow. They continued with confirmation that players would experience issues, assurances that the team at Rare were hard at work addressing issues, and finally culminating in the suspension of new players from joining the servers.
This is beyond unfortunate. It's inexcusable. Let me make this clear: Expecting a working product on Day One is not "entitled." It is, in fact, the most basic expectation a consumer can have. It is absolutely unacceptable and inexcusable that Sea of Thieves launched broken and remained so almost two full days after launch.
Looking back, we can see just how unacceptable this is. Remember, Sea of Thieves was hyped for two years, going back to E3 2016 when it was first revealed. The game was in alpha throughout 2017.
On top of this, Rare held multiple betas. On January 24 of this year, it held a closed beta. On February 23, it held its first Scale Test. On March 2, it held its second Scale Test. On March 9, it held a Final Beta.
On March 21, Rare released an update informing players about the then-current state of the game, saying,
"We have seen 3-4 times more concurrent players than we saw during any Scale Test or Beta session. So far, more than one million unique players have set sail in Sea of Thieves…Please rest assured the issues below are our top priorities and we are doing everything we can to address them."
They mentioned the main problems players were facing, including players having difficulty getting into the game at peak times, player rewards being delayed, achievements being delayed, temporarily missing items (like weapons, etc), reported performance issues on Xbox One X, and players not receiving entitlements such as the Black Dog Pack.
To me, this is downright patronizing. As a consumer, we don't want to "rest assured". We want to play your game that you hyped for two years and held multiple betas. We want solutions. And we wanted them when the game launched, because again, it is not entitled nor ludicrous to expect a working product on Day One.
If you drove a car you just purchased off the dealership lot and a tire immediately fell off, would you be calm? Would you apologize for and defend the dealership, saying "it's ok, this happens?" No, you wouldn't. You'd be angry and upset that the product you just purchased was categorically broken the instant you tried to use it.
It's incredible — in the literal definition of that word — that consumers and media are willing to give broken games a pass and show leniency when they categorically would not reciprocate the same leniency in other industries, despite the fact that regardless of industry or use-case, it's your hard-earned money at stake.
I have absolutely no sympathy for Rare or other developers that launch with broken products. This whole Sea of Thieves launch debacle has shades of a previous notorious Microsoft first-party launch, Halo: Master Chief Collection. However, unlike MCC, I would argue that the launch for Sea of Thieves is actually worse.
Unlike MCC, Sea of Thieves held multiple betas. Additionally, even though MCC multiplayer was broken, the single player portions were not. Therefore, you still had four full campaigns to play through. This does not excuse the launch state of MCC, however it nonetheless remains a fact. Because Sea of Thieves is wholly online, the broken nature of the launch meant that the entire game was broken. And this is simply unacceptable.
In situations like these, the media does not help. In fact, I would argue that they actually exacerbate the leniency issue. GameInformer did exactly that by saying,
"Game launches are hard, and it's unfair to judge a game like Sea of Thieves for a shaky first day on the technical side."
This is still unacceptable. Again, real consumers paid real money for a product. That product did not work on Day One. This leniency from media is why you see consumers defending and apologizing for Rare and other companies in similar situations.
When consumers read their favorite games site, or tune in to their favorite gaming personality on Twitch or YouTube, and see these institutions giving these companies a pass, consumers absorb that behavior and react similarly.
Don't believe me? Just look at the comments on our impressions piece on MMORPG.
As media, your obligation is to the consumer. Your job is not to apologize for nor defend these developers and publishers when they release a broken product that real consumers paid for.
Some common excuses I hear and see frequently are the following:
"It's OK, this is normal for massively multiplayer games."
Just because it happens frequently does not make this OK, nor does it excuse such instances in the slightest.
"Well, Rare can't plan for every scenario."
Great. Run more betas. Keep running betas for as long as it takes to guarantee your consumers that the product they paid for will work on Day One. Soft-launch the game until you're confident in the server loads and then move forward with a hard-launch.
"At least they're addressing the situation."
This is the completely wrong outlook to have. It is entirely missing the bigger picture. You shouldn't be thankful to a company when they released a broken product. More importantly, had Rare done their job, there wouldn't have been a situation to address in the first place. By being "thankful" to Rare, you're only recognizing the symptom and not the root cause. This is the wrong outlook, and only serves to show these companies that consumers are actually OK with broken launch states.
Sea of Thieves, then, was a game hyped to the stratosphere for two years by Microsoft. The game was in public testing throughout 2017, ran multiple scale tests, and public betas. It launched broken. A product real consumers paid real money for was categorically broken on Day One.
It is not entitled to a expect a product you paid money for to work on Day One. This is, in fact, the basic expectation a consumer should have. You shouldn't apologize for, nor defend, Rare. Any individual or media who does so is woefully complicit in perpetuating this problem.
I've had my fair share of hate and lambasting thrown my way simply for having the gall to state that broken launches for games are unacceptable. I'm under no illusions that this article will suddenly change the mindset of gamers. But these points must nevertheless be brought up and discussed.
As media and as consumers, we should care about broken games. We should make noise and get angry when games are launched broken. We should not give these companies a pass. It's our industry. It's our money.
Broken games are simply inexcusable.
Tags: gameplay, Impressions, pc, sea of thieves, xbox
Poorna Shankar
A highly opinionated avid PC gamer, Poorna blindly panics with his friends in various multiplayer games, much to the detriment of his team. Constantly questioning industry practices and a passion for technological progress drive his love for the video game industry. He pulls no punches and tells it like he sees it. He runs a podcast, Gaming The Industry, with fellow writer, Joseph Bradford, discussing industry practices and their effects on consumers.
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Credas	 March 26, 2018, 11:49 pm
I honestly fell asleep listening to this review. I must of heard the atrocity that login and updates were delayed at launch and this is unacceptable 1000 times….. redundancy…. yawn . Honestly, this guy sounded like a rookie gamer who got pissed off b/c he couldn't log into a game immediately when he wanted to. Yet the who time he was talking I am watching him play the game. This guy was probably shoved into lockers in high school. Devs apparently underestimated the zerg of individuals wanting to play this game. You spend 15 minutes… sorry… wasted 15 mins of my time whining about login and reward updates. Spend more time about gameplay if you want to be taken seriously about a game being ready at launch. Problems with login servers… guess what… mmorpgs have random issues with them years after they have been running…. a game having issues with them first day of lauch. OMG world is gonna end.. sarcasm over. Please do not review another game.
Just to add… you classify this as a broken game. Having trouble logging in does not make this a "broken" game. You sir. are an idiot. You have wasted any readers time talking about login and reward updates and using that as a reason to classify this as a "broken" game. You didn't once talk about gameplay….. are you serious? You want to tell people this is a broken game b/c you can't login. Another Millenial. Impatient and raging.
Brian The Witcher	 March 27, 2018, 10:20 am
🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣🤣👍🤣👍🤣🤣
I agree! You're right! We shouldn't care about things we purchase working or not when we pay for them! Let's buy broken things! Yay!!!
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The European Office of Cyprus
Participation in EU Funded Projects
European Collaborative Networks
Proof of Concept Grants funded by the European Research Council (ERC) have just been offered to fifty-five successful frontier researchers. Worth €150 000 each, the grants will be used to explore the commercial or societal potential of the results of their research projects. This funding is part of the EU's research and innovation programme, Horizon Europe.
The selected projects cover a variety of different fields and questions. These include using artificial intelligence algorithms and earth observation data management features to identify the state of world food security by region; using sound fields to separate blood components as an alternative to centrifuge; and a new type of time-temperature indicators for cold-chain transport of food and pharmaceutical products such as vaccines.
Out of 120 evaluated proposals, 55 projects were selected for funding. The new grants were awarded to researchers working in 14 countries: Israel (9), Germany (9), Spain (7), France (7), the Netherlands (6), the UK (4), Sweden (3), Portugal (2), Norway (2), and Turkey (2). In addition, researchers in Finland, Cyprus, Denmark, Belgium and have each won one.
List of the 55 recipients by country of the host institution
The Proof of Concept (PoC) grant competition is open only to ERC grantees. They can apply for top-up funding for their existing or recently completed research projects. The 2022 Work Programme included two PoC grant calls or competitions. The winners of the first competition were already announced, as were the results of the first round of the second 2022 call. Today's announcement concerns the second of three rounds of this second call. The overall budget for PoCs in 2022 is €50 million.
In total, around 1 585 PoC projects have so far received funding since 2011. With the additional money, ERC grantees can, for example, verify the practical viability of scientific concepts, explore business opportunities, or prepare patent applications. According to a recent survey, more than half of the researchers awarded PoC grants have either created companies or transferred the results of their research to pre-existing companies.
How to apply for the next funding round?
ERC grantees can still apply for PoC funding in the third round of the call in 2022. The next deadline is 29 September 2022.
• More information about applying for PoC
Association to Horizon Europe
The statistics and final list of successful candidates are provisional. The Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom allows for associating the UK to the current EU research and innovation funding programme, Horizon Europe, subject to the adoption of a Protocol. As this Protocol has not been adopted so far, the UK is still considered "non-associated" to Horizon Europe. Therefore, the successful proposals of applicants based in a country in the process of associating to Horizon Europe will be eligible for funding only if the relevant Horizon Europe association agreement applies by the time of the signature of the grant agreement. However, successful applicants from UK host institutions can still be funded, provided they move to a host institution in an eligible country.
About the ERC
The ERC, set up by the European Union in 2007, is the premier European funding organisation for excellent frontier research. It funds creative researchers of any nationality and age, to run projects based across Europe. The ERC offers four main grant schemes: Starting Grants, Consolidator Grants, Advanced Grants and Synergy Grants. The ERC is led by an independent governing body, the Scientific Council. Since 1 November 2021, Maria Leptin is the President of the ERC. The overall ERC budget from 2021 to 2027 is more than €16 billion, as part of the Horizon Europe programme, under the responsibility of the European Commissioner for Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth, Mariya Gabriel.
Source: European Research Council I News (https://bit.ly/3xfLWc6)
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Fax: +32 (0) 2 280 22 85
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©2023 European Office of Cyprus (EOC)


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Home › Class 8 NCERT Science Solutions › NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 11 - Force and Pressure
NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 11 - Force and Pressure
Chapter 11 - Force and Pressure
Question 1: Give two examples each of situations in which you push or pull to change the state of motion of object.
• Open drawer
• Drawing water from well
• A cricket ball hit by a batsman
• Moving loaded cart
Question 2: Grive two examples of situations in which applied force causes a change in the shape of an object.
• A lump of dough on plate pressed by hand
• Hammering a hot piece of iron while making tool
Question 3: Fill in the blanks in the following statements
a) To draw water from a well, we have to ____ at the rope.
b) A charged body _____ an uncharged body towards it.
c) To move a loaded trolley, we have to ____ it.
d) The north pole of a magnet ___ the north pole of another magnet.
a) To draw water from a well, we have to pull at the rope.
b) A charged body attracts an uncharged body towards it.
c) To move a loaded trolley, we have to push/pull it.
d) The north pole of a magnet repels the north pole of another magnet.
Question 4: An archer stretches her bow while taking aim at the target. She then releases the arrow, which begins to move towards the target. Based on this information fill up the gaps in the following statements using the following terms.
muscular, contact, non-contact, gravity, friction, shape, attraction
a) To stretch the bow, the archer applies a force that causes a change in its ____.
b) The force applied by the archer to stretch the bow is an example of ____ force.
c) The type of force responsible for a change in the state of motion of the arrow is an example of a ____ force.
d) While the arrow moves towards its target, the forces acting on it are due to ____ and that due to ____ of air.
a) To stretch the bow, the archer applies a force that causes a change in its shape.
b) The force applied by the archer to stretch the bow is an example of muscular force.
c) The type of force responsible for a change in the state of motion of the arrow is an example of a contact force.
d) While the arrow moves towards its target, the forces acting on it are due to gravity and that due to friction of air.
Question 5: In the following situations identify the agent exerting the force and the object on which it acts. State the effect of the force in each case.
a) Squeezing a piece of lemon between the fingers to extract its juice.
b) Taking out paste from a toothpaste tube.
c) A load suspended from a spring while its other end is on a hook fixed to a wall.
d) An athlete making a high jump to clear the bar at a certain height.
a) In this situation, the agents are fingers, object is lemon, the effect of force changes the shape of lemon and extraction of juice. In this we apply muscular force.
b) In this situation, the agents are fingers of a person pressing the tube, object is toothpaste tube and the effect of force is changing the shape of tube and toothpaste comes out. In this we have to apply muscular force.
c) In this situation, the agents is the load suspended, object is spring and effects can be seen in the form of elongation of spring on suspension of spring.
d) In this situation, agents is muscle of athlete, the object is athlete and the effects of the force changes the state of motion of the athlete.
Question 6: A blacksmith hammers a hot piece of iron while making a tool. How does the force due to hammering affect the piece of iron?
Answer: A blacksmith uses his muscular force while hammering a hot piece of iron. The muscular force changes the shape of the iron so that it can be molded into different shapes.
Question 7: An inflated balloon was pressed against a wall after it has been rubbed with a piece of synthetic cloth. It was found that the balloon sticks to the wall. What force might be responsible for the attraction between the balloon and the wall?
Answer: When the inflated balloon is rubbed with synthetic cloth, it becomes a charged body. And when the balloon is put besides wall its sticks because the balloon is a charged body while wall is a uncharged body which applies electrostatic force. Electrostatic force is a force exerted by a charged body on another uncharged or charged body.
Question 8: Name the forces acting on a plastic bucket containing water held above ground level in your hand. Discuss why the forces acting on the bucket do not bring a change in its state of motion.
Answer: For holding bucket, we must apply a muscular force which is exerted by our muscles. This muscular force acts against force of gravity that pulls the bucket towards the ground. The force have the same magnitude but they act in opposite direction So, the net force becomes zero. Therefore there is no change in state of motion.
Question 9: A rocket has been fired upwards to launch a satellite in its orbit. Name the two forces acting on the rocket immediately after leaving the launching pad.
Answer: The 2 forces acting on the rocket immediately after leaving the lauching pad are
• Gravitational force (downwards)
• Frictional force (upwards)
Question 10: When we press the bulb of a dropper with its nozzle kept in water, air in
the dropper is seen to escape in the form of bubbles. Once we release the
pressure on the bulb, water gets filled in the dropper. The rise of water in
the dropper is due to
a) pressure of water.
b) gravity of the earth.
c) shape of rubber bulb.
d) atmospheric pressure.
Answer: d) atmospheric pressure.
Question 11: Define:
a) Atmospheric pressure
b) Friction
c) Pressure
a) The pressure exerted by the air around us is known as atmospheric pressure.
b) It is a force which opposes the motion of an object over a surface.
c) Pressure is the force acting on unit area of a surface.
Anonymous 23 November, 2021
What is the formula for pressure.
vs.eyeandcontacts.com 23 November, 2021
Hi Raju Kumar,
Pressure is the force acting on a unit area of a surface. The formula for pressure is:
Force/Area
= N/m²
Unit = Nm²


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Turbines will be an 'eyesore' say opponents
Posted By National Wind Watch On July 22, 2014 @ 5:40 am In England | Comments Disabled
Opponents to plans for three wind turbines on Swalesmoor Road say they will be an eyesore on the landscape.
The proposal has been put forward by the Leo Group, an environmental waste company, who have had two previous applications to build wind turbines on the site rejected.
They held a pre-planning public consultation last week and hope to submit the application to Calderdale Council by September.
Danny Sawrij, Leo Group managing director, said: "The problem of the limited power supply for Swalesmoor Farm has not gone away.
"We are proposing three smaller turbines on the site which we feel will have less impact on the surrounding area and still generate the power we need."
Linda Riordan MP, who opposed the company's previous application, said: "It might be a revised application but it doesn't revise my opinion. This green and pleasant part of Halifax is not a suitable location for wind turbines.
"The local community is right to oppose this new application and they have my full support."
David Witcher, planning officer with the Shibden Valley Society, said: "We are very concerned about this latest proposal.
"The Leo Group already generates far more green energy on their other locations than these turbines ever will, so we don't see any sense, on environmental or any other grounds, in sacrificing the landscape here."
A resident who lives across the road from where the turbines would be, who did not want to be identified, said: "Three 45 metre turbines will be an eyesore on the skyline for a huge proportion of the population of Calderdale.
"There would be a significant number of households 270 metres away from a 45m high turbine – should this be granted would this set a precedent for further turbines on this site?"
URL to article: https://www.wind-watch.org/news/2014/07/22/turbines-will-be-an-eyesore-say-opponents/


text:
package algs.chapter9.figure5;

import algs.model.IPoint;
import algs.model.data.Generator;
import algs.model.data.points.*;
import algs.model.heap.HeapSort;
import algs.model.problems.convexhull.IConvexHull;
import algs.model.problems.convexhull.andrew.ConvexHullScan;
import algs.model.problems.convexhull.balanced.BalancedTreeAndrew;
import algs.model.problems.convexhull.bucket.BucketAndrew;
import algs.model.problems.convexhull.heap.HeapAndrew;
import algs.model.tests.common.TrialSuite;

/**
 * Generate table of information to be graphed in Figure 9-12.
 *
 * Note that in the original edition there was some confusion as to what the lines "HeapSort" and "Heap"
 * represented. And how "HeapSort" was different from "Sorting Only". This has been fixed in this code.
 *
 * @author George Heineman
 */
public class Main {

    /** This method comes with JDK 1.6; replace here for 1.5 compatibility. */
    public static IPoint[] copyOf(IPoint[] original, int newLength) {
	IPoint[] copy = new IPoint[newLength];
	System.arraycopy(original, 0, copy, 0, Math.min(original.length, newLength));
	return copy;
    }

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public static void main (String []args) {
		int SLICE_GEN = 0;

		// to avoid floating point issues with very large sets, we use a
		// large circle generator.
		Generator<IPoint> generator[] = new Generator[3];
		generator[SLICE_GEN] = new SliceGenerator();
		generator[1] = new UniformGenerator();
		generator[2] = new CircleGenerator(1000);
		int NUM_TRIALS = 100;

		System.out.println ("Trials with " + generator);
		for (int g = 0; g < generator.length; g++) {
			System.out.println ("Generator:" + generator[g] + "\n");
			System.out.println ("-----------------------------------------");

			TrialSuite sorting = new TrialSuite();
			TrialSuite andrew = new TrialSuite();
			TrialSuite heap   = new TrialSuite();
			TrialSuite balanced = new TrialSuite();
			TrialSuite buckets = new TrialSuite();

			IConvexHull convexHullScan = new ConvexHullScan();
			IConvexHull heapConvexHull = new HeapAndrew();
			IConvexHull bucketConvexHull = new BucketAndrew();
			IConvexHull balancedConvexHull = new BalancedTreeAndrew();
			for (int n = 512; n <= 131072; n*= 2) {

				// skip slice on larger than 2048 because of its poor performance.
				if (g == SLICE_GEN && n > 2048) { continue; }

				IPoint []points = generator[g].generate(n);

				System.out.println ("\n" + n + "...");

				System.gc();  // prepare
				for (int t = 0; t < NUM_TRIALS; t++) {
					// copies on which to process
					IPoint[] points1 = copyOf(points, points.length);
					IPoint[] points2 = copyOf(points, points.length);
					IPoint[] points3 = copyOf(points, points.length);
					IPoint[] points4 = copyOf(points, points.length);
					IPoint[] points5 = copyOf(points, points.length);

					System.out.print(".");
					System.gc();
					long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
					IPoint[] hulls0 = convexHullScan.compute(points1);
					long now2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
					andrew.addTrial(n, now, now2);

					System.gc();
					now = System.currentTimeMillis();
					IPoint[] hulls1 = heapConvexHull.compute(points2);
					now2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
					heap.addTrial(n, now, now2);

					System.gc();
					now = System.currentTimeMillis();
					IPoint[] hulls2 = balancedConvexHull.compute(points3);
					now2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
					balanced.addTrial(n, now, now2);

					System.gc();
					now = System.currentTimeMillis();
					IPoint[] hulls3 = bucketConvexHull.compute(points4);
					now2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
					buckets.addTrial(n, now, now2);

					System.gc();
					now = System.currentTimeMillis();
					new HeapSort<IPoint>().sort(points5, 0, n-1, IPoint.xy_sorter);
					now2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
					sorting.addTrial(n, now, now2);

					if (hulls0.length != hulls1.length || hulls0.length != hulls2.length) {
						System.err.println ("FAILED with different sizes");
					}

					// assert all arrays are the same.
					new HeapSort<IPoint>().sort(hulls0, 0, hulls0.length-1, IPoint.xy_sorter);
					new HeapSort<IPoint>().sort(hulls1, 0, hulls1.length-1, IPoint.xy_sorter);
					new HeapSort<IPoint>().sort(hulls2, 0, hulls2.length-1, IPoint.xy_sorter);
					new HeapSort<IPoint>().sort(hulls3, 0, hulls3.length-1, IPoint.xy_sorter);

					for (int h = 0; h < hulls0.length; h++) {
						if (!hulls0[h].equals(hulls1[h])) {
							System.err.println ("FAILED with different points:" + hulls0[h] + "," + hulls1[h]);
							outputDiff(hulls0,hulls1);
						}
						if (!hulls0[h].equals(hulls2[h])) {
							System.err.println ("FAILED with different points:" + hulls0[h] + "," + hulls2[h]);
							outputDiff(hulls0,hulls2);
						}
						if (!hulls0[h].equals(hulls3[h])) {
							System.err.println ("FAILED with different points:" + hulls0[h] + "," + hulls3[h]);
							outputDiff(hulls0,hulls3);
						}
					}
				}
			}

			// original Andrew algorithm, not depicted in figure 9-12 (included as comparison)
			System.out.println ("Andrew");
			System.out.println (andrew.computeTable());

			// When using Binary Heap
			System.out.println ("Heap");
			System.out.println (heap.computeTable());

			// when using balanced binary trees
			System.out.println ("Balanced");
			System.out.println (balanced.computeTable());

			// when using bucketsort on the points
			System.out.println ("Bucket");
			System.out.println (buckets.computeTable());

			// when just sorting the points initially. Explains common overhead to all
			// comparison-based sorting approaches
			System.out.println ("Sorting only");
			System.out.println (sorting.computeTable());
		}
	}

	private static void outputDiff(IPoint[] hulls0, IPoint[] hulls1) {
		for (int i = 0; i < hulls0.length; i++) {
			if (hulls0[i].equals(hulls1[i])) { continue; }

			System.out.println (i + ". "+ hulls0[i] + " : " + hulls1[i] + " **");
		}
		System.exit(2);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Your Key Account Manager also pro-actively updates your regularly on the status of your shipments.
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The founder of Girls in Tech offers first-hand accounts of the realities of startup life, with the very best advice from top women entrepreneursThe facts are these: Only 6% of VC firms have female partners, and even when pitches are identical, an all-male startup team is 40% more likely to get funded than a team with even one woman in a leadership position. So what's a woman with a new venture idea to do? In Tech Boss Lady, Girls in Tech founder Adriana Gascoigne distills everything she's learned via her own experiences and those of her high powered friends into one easy to use guidebook for any woman looking to launch a startup or crack into tech. Gascoigne calls on her global network of fellow female entrepreneurs to tell their extraordinary stories and pass along their wisdom. She tackles topics such as: failure, pitching, confidence, branding, loneliness, innovation, harassment, intrapreneurship, partners and everything else a soon-to-be Boss Lady needs to know. And Gascoigne does it with a casual, easy to read voice that gives readers the sense that they're being guided through these tough topics with a very smart and well connected friend.


text:
George Bevis: How he built Tide
Written By: Cherry Reynard
Published: Wed, 03 Jul 2019 10:18 GMT
"If entrepreneurship is a choice, you probably shouldn't do it." For George Bevis, frustrated in banking, with a clear idea of the problem that needed be solved and the way to solve it, it was a no brainer.
"I don't think anyone ever regrets leaving banking. Entrepreneurship is a vocation. I don't take the view that it was a choice — I was driven to distraction in a big bank and I knew working on my own was the only way I could lead a happy life."
Having worked as a banker and as a small business owner, George Bevis had seen first-hand the poor quality of business banking but also the vast administrative burden on businesses. Business banking tended to be an afterthought for the larger high street banks, which make their money on consumer or investment banking. Business banking simply didn't hold their attention and this was reflected in a poor service to customers, where set-up could take weeks, access to credit was poor and the product was essentially the same as a consumer account, but with extra fees.
George says there was also a 'cultural madness' that assumed that what entrepreneurs really wanted was time with staff in the banks, people they could go in and talk to. He knew from experience that the last thing most entrepreneurs wanted to do was talk to people. They are phenomenally busy running their businesses and had no time to chat.
For him, it was clear the way business banking should operate — "there was only one right answer". At the same time, the technology was straightforward as well: "Tide ensured that people could set up an account quickly on their mobile, pay per transaction, ensure that most of the things a small business does are automated and that the owners never have to speak to anyone.
The admin problem was a little different. They made it easier to do book-keeping, creating useful tools such as a team expenses card. They automated payments and ensured that the system worked seamlessly with various accounting systems. Invoices could be uploaded, for example. "We built a whole raft of tools designed to give small business owners their time back."
However, it was expensive to build a regulated banking business. George says: "Trying to convince people that this project had a chance and to put up the capital was difficult. It was a full year before we raised the £1million we needed to get started. This came from a couple of small investors putting up £135,000 — £150,000 and then we finally pulled in some larger amounts from venture capital funds."
Swift take up
This was in spite of near-immediate take-up for the group's services. The founders were clear who Tide needed to target initially: "We wanted white collar technology businesses in and around London — people who looked a little like us. We figured that we understood them and could get to them reasonably easily through our network. We had good connections in the sector and could get the word out." This went as far as taking over a pop-up store in Old Street, the centre of London's 'tech roundabout': "It proved a good way to get noticed" says George.
Even with this strong pipeline of clients, a sound proposition and well-established technology, it wasn't easy to raise financing. George admits that it was only when they had a £10 million cash injection in the summer of 2017 that they felt they had the capital to run Tide as they wished to run it.
This last capital round established Tide as a 'proper corporate', says George. It is now nearly 200 people, with 80,000 small businesses signed up and is a different sort of entity. For him, it was the moment to exit. His passion was for early stage businesses and Tide now needed an experienced corporate management team to take it forward and scale it up internationally.
He now works on a range of new start-up ideas, including some not-for-profit options. Mostly, they are not in fintech, but he still believes there are opportunities in emerging markets: "There is still a need for someone to sort out fintech in the developing world, particularly in Africa. In Western Europe, most of the important problems have been solved by innovation over the past 10 years and there aren't the big ideas for fintech that others haven't had. However, the opportunities in the emerging world are significant."
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Everything Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones did was with his dream in mind: owning a farm.
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Bella Hoare: How private banking is adapting to the new world of finance
Bella Hoare is one of six partners of the UK's oldest private bank C Hoare & Co. Bella discusses how private banking is adapting to the new world of finance.
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text:
require 'spec_helper'

module ClearSaleClearId
  describe Server do
    before do
      ENV['CS_SERVICE_URL'] = default_service_url
      ENV['CS_WSDL_URL'] = default_wsdl_url
    end

    let(:default_service_url) { ENV['CS_SERVICE_URL'] }
    let(:default_wsdl_url) { ENV['CS_WSDL_URL'] }
    let(:default_entity_code) { ENV['CS_ENTITY_CODE'] }
    let(:server) { described_class.new(savon_client: savon_client) }
    let(:savon_client) { nil }

    describe '#submit_info' do
      let(:order) { build(:order, :malicious, id: 45) }

      it 'returns a ClearSaleClearId::Response::PackageStatus' do
        VCR.use_cassette('submit_info', :record => :new_episodes) do
          expect(server.submit_info(order).class).to eq(Response::PackageStatus)
        end
      end

      describe '' do
        let(:savon_client) { double(:savon_client) }
        let(:clear_sale_response) do
          double(:response, body: submit_info_response)
        end
        let(:submit_info_response) do
          { submit_info_response: { submit_info_result: attributes}}
        end

        let(:package_status) { double(:package_status) }
        let(:attributes) { double(:attributes) }

        it 'returns the PackageStatus object with the package informations' do
          allow(savon_client).to receive(:call) { clear_sale_response }
          allow(Response::PackageStatus)
            .to receive(:new)
            .with(order.to_xml, attributes) do
            package_status
          end

          expect(server.submit_info(order)).to eq(package_status)
        end
      end
    end

    describe '#service_url' do
      it 'uses CS_SERVICE_URL as default value' do
        ENV['CS_SERVICE_URL'] = default_service_url

        expect(server.service_url).to eq(default_service_url)
      end

      describe 'when the user pass the service_url' do
        let(:server) { described_class.new(service_url: service_url) }

        let(:service_url) { 'service_url' }

        it 'uses the service_url' do
          expect(server.service_url).to eq(service_url)
        end
      end

      describe 'when there is no ENV set' do
        it 'raises an argument error' do
          ENV.delete('CS_SERVICE_URL')
          expect { server.service_url }.to raise_error(KeyError)
        end
      end
    end

    describe '#entity_code' do
      it 'uses CS_ENTITY_CODE as default value' do
        ENV['CS_ENTITY_CODE'] = default_entity_code

        expect(server.entity_code).to eq(default_entity_code)
      end

      describe 'when the user pass the entity_code' do
        let(:server) { described_class.new(entity_code: entity_code) }

        let(:entity_code) { 'entity_code' }

        it 'uses the entity_code' do
          expect(server.entity_code).to eq(entity_code)
        end
      end

      describe 'when there is no ENV set' do
        it 'raises an argument error' do
          ENV.delete('CS_ENTITY_CODE')
          expect { server.entity_code }.to raise_error(KeyError)
        end
      end
    end

    describe '#wsdl_url' do
      let(:server) { described_class.new }

      it 'uses CS_WSDL_URL as default value' do
        expect(server.wsdl_url).to eq(default_wsdl_url)
      end

      describe 'when the user pass the wsdl_url' do
        let(:server) { described_class.new(wsdl_url: wsdl_url) }

        let(:wsdl_url) { 'wsdl_url' }

        it 'uses the wsdl_url' do
          expect(server.wsdl_url).to eq(wsdl_url)
        end
      end

      describe 'when there is no ENV set' do
        it 'raises an argument error' do
          ENV.delete('CS_WSDL_URL')
          expect { server.wsdl_url }.to raise_error(KeyError)
        end
      end
    end
  end
end


text:
İçeriğe geçmek için "Enter"a basın
Arama HyeTert
Anasayfa/Home
Hakkımızda/About
İLETİŞİM/Contact
Takvim/Calendar
KİLİSELER/CHURCHES
Kurumlar/ORGANIZATIONS
WEB SİTELERİ/WEB SITES
HyeTert
Լոյս ի լուսոյ
Kategoriler/Categories
Yazılar/Articles
Kaynaklar/Resources
Makale/Articles
Haberler/News
Okurlarımızdan/From Our Readers
Lraper
Söyleşi/Interview
Ters köşe/Opposite Corner
Murat Bebiroğlu
Diller/Languages
Kurmanci
What I Choose It to Mean: On 'Yeghern' as the Armenian Translation of 'Genocide'
By Vartan Matiossian
"The term Yeghern, or Medz Yeghern, is the only word that really captures the essence of what happened in 1915. The survivors used that word. It is the only word that could really explain what happened in 1915. In a world without genocide denial, it would be the best word." –Khatchig Mouradian (2009)1
'Medz Yeghern': the Proper Name of the Genocide
In the concluding installment of this study on the semantics, history, and politics of the phrase Medz Yeghern, it is crucial to underscore that the exhausting search for recognition should not block the use of the words that our ancestors have bequeathed us. It has been argued that recognition has been sufficiently ensured by two resolutions of the House of Representatives, 3 federal court rulings, 42 state declarations by legislation or proclamation, a sentence in a document filed in 1951 by the U.S. government to the International Court of Justice and another sentence in Ronald Reagan's proclamation,2 along with official declarations by 20 countries and statements of a host of scholars. "We don't say that this is the end and the work of recognition has been done; simply, the emphasis should be put on reparation and the rights," Giro Manoyan, the head of the ARF Bureau Armenian Cause office, declared recently.3
Armenians should not be obfuscated by denial, whether mainstream or from a lunatic fringe, which will probably be as lasting as affirmation. Another worrisome trend—misuse—should not obfuscate them either.
The systematic and premeditated annihilation of 1915-17 became one of the catalysts to Lemkin's initial formulation of genocide—still without its name—in 1933. Thus, the particular (Medz Yeghern) gave birth to the general (tseghasbanutiun, "genocide"). However, I will allow myself to repeat that the common noun tseghasbanutiun is the legal term applied to any act of systematic and premeditated annihilation, from Namibia to Darfur and from Cambodia to Rwanda, and not the proper noun of the Armenian annihilation: in Armenian, the use of հրէական ցեղասպանութիւն (hreagan tseghasbanutiun, "Jewish genocide"), for instance, is as legitimate as հայկական ցեղասպանութիւն (haygagan tseghasbanutiun, "Armenian genocide").
For instance, The French and Armenian inscriptions on the 1987 genocide memorial in Valence, France, read: "A la mémoire des 1.500.000 Armeniens victimes du genocide perpetré par l'état turc en 1915" / "Ի յիշատակ մէկ ու կէս միլիոն հայերու ցեղասպանութեան կատարուած 1915ի թուրք պետութեան կողմէ" ("In the memory of the 1,500,000 Armenians victims of the genocide perpetrated by the Turkish state in 1915").
Clearly, "genocide" and tseghasbanutiun are the legal qualifiers of the act, not the actual name, a fact noticeable in both versions; the Armenian says: "In the memory of the genocide of one and a half million Armenians perpetrated by the Turkish state of 1915." The proper noun is disclosed when tseghasbanutiun is paired with Medz Yeghern, as in the opening lines of the Armenian monolingual inscription beneath the khatchkar (cross-stone) in front of the Armenian Prelacy of Canada, in Montreal: «Կանգնեցաւ / "Կարմիր Աւետարան" խաչքար-յուշակոթողս / սրբազան նահատակաց հայոց /
Մեծ Եղեռնի ցեղասպանութեան 90-ամեակին առթիւ / 24 Ապրիլ, 2005… » ("This khachkar-memorial, 'Red Gospel,' was erected to the sacred martyrs of the Armenians on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the genocide [tseghasbanutiun] of the Medz Yeghern, April 24, 2005…").
The legal term tseghasbanutiun qualifies the legal term Medz Yeghern ("Great Crime") in the same way that "genocide" qualifies the (non-legal) term Shoah ("Catastrophe") in the title of Zeev Garber's book, Shoah, the Paradigmatic Genocide: Essays in Exegesis and Eisegesis (University Press of America, 1994). The capitalization of the common noun tseghasbanutiun does not turn it into a proper noun, and the capitalization of "genocide" does not make "Armenian Genocide" a proper noun either, in the same way that the capitalization of "holocaust" does not turn "Holocaust" into a proper noun. "Armenian Genocide" is, thus, a sobriquet: a common name that conceals our proper name. Borrowing the words of literary scholar Marc Nichanian, we have to acknowledge that "Today, they [Armenians] are using a common name as a proper name. They do not respect the identity of the Event that has shaped them for the past 80 years. They do not respect their own memory of the Event."4
Medz Yeghern may be used legitimately and in good faith instead of or alongside "Armenian Genocide," as Shoah is currently used legitimately and in good faith instead of or alongside "Jewish Holocaust" by any number of non-Jews. Indeed, neither Shoah nor Holodomor, neither Porrajmos nor Sayfo, make the experience of their original users any more unique than Medz Yeghern; all of them are proper nouns of an event in history—regardless of any metahistorical interpretation—like Glorious Revolution, Renaissance, Risorgimento or Reconquista.
'Yeghern' = Genocide from 1965 to 2013
It is worthy to remember that word meanings are not etched in stone (for example, English gay meant "merry, happy, carefree" before it dropped out of use after the incorporation of the slang meaning "homosexual").5 An unprejudiced examination of linguistic facts shows that over the past 50 years, while tseghasbanutiun was becoming the automatic translation of the legal term "genocide," with other calques like azkasbanutiun or zhoghovrtasbanutiun falling along the way, the road from the particular to the general was also widening the semantic perception of yeghern. During the past hundred years, Armenian-English dictionaries have crossed the realm of "crime," passed by "massacre" (Medz Yeghern was translated as "Great Massacre," for instance, in 1965),6 and even stopped by yeghern as "holocaust" in 2006.7 The translation "holocaust" is not just a whim of dictionary writers; we may note its use, for instance, in a bilingual booklet by writer Levon K. Daghlian (1976),8 an article by literary scholar Vahé Oshagan (1985),9 and a translation by Harvard professor James R. Russell (2012).10
Therefore, it is not surprising that yeghern has reached the meaning "genocide." In a study written and published in 1965, survivor historian Hagop Dj. Siruni (1890-1973) combined yeghern and premeditation and, thus, showed to have adopted yeghern as a translation of "genocide": "The Armenian-exterminating yeghern was neither the result of a casual inspiration nor the consequence of the pretexts that the Ittihad constantly put forward; there is a whole pile of proofs that reveals the terrible premeditation (կանխամտածութիւն, gankhamdadzutiun)."11
The meaning of "genocide" for yeghern was occasionally used over the years. For example, a section of Patma-banasirakan handes, the flagship publication of the Armenian Academy of Sciences, was devoted to the 60th anniversary of the genocide under the title, "Yeghern yev veradznunt. 1915-1975" (Russian: "Genotsid i vozrozhdeniye. 1915-1975"; English: "Genocide and Revival. 1915-1975"). In the same issue, a chronicle of an official homage at the monument to the victims of Tzitzernakaberd, entitled "Yegherni zoheri hushartzanum," became "V pamyatnika zhertam genotsida" in Russian and "At the Memorial of the Victims to the Genocide" in English.12
Since the beginning of the Karabagh movement, the impact of the pogrom of Sumgait in February 1988 created the parallel with 1915. The synonymous character of yeghern and tseghasbanutiun as the Armenian term for "genocide" was underscored and reinforced in an unprecedented way. American anthropologist Nora Dudwick watched the process first-hand and noted, "It seemed that every social and political problem took on additional significance as containing a threat to the Armenians' continued existence as a people."13 The Armenian-language banners raised during the huge demonstrations in Yerevan reflected the perceived existential threat very explicitly. One asked "To Recognize the Medz Yeghern of 1915," and another stated that "Sumgait is the Follow-Up to the Medz Yeghern." Yet another made the link between both: "If the USSR Government Had Recognized the Genocide [tseghasbanutiun] of 1915, Sumgait Would Not Have Happened in 1988".14
Dudwick referred to the use of "white genocide," "cultural genocide," and "ecological genocide" in the banners.15 The Armenian word chosen to rhetorically enlarge the concept of "genocide" to assess political and social events was not tseghasbanutiun, however, but yeghern, as in the ecological struggle against the chemical giant "Nayirit" ("Down with the Yeghern of Nayirit"), the diminishing utilization of the Armenian language ("To Betray the Language Is a White Yeghern"), or the destruction of Armenian historical monuments outside the borders of Soviet Armenia ("The Destruction of Historical Monuments Is a Spiritual [hokevor, figuratively "cultural"] Yeghern"). Any counterargument that yeghern equals "massacre" here should be regarded as a stretch of the truth; Dudwick's would have hardly translated "genocide" without relying on local informants. Moreover, a banner that mocked the Soviet slogan of "peoples' friendship" used yeghern as unequivocal synonym of tseghasbanutiun, "What Friendship after the Yeghern of 1915-1988," the same as another that stressed the rights of the population of Mountainous Karabagh: "By Respecting the Inalienable Right to Self-Determination of the Karabaghis, We Prevent the New Yeghern [Nor Yegherne], Red and White."16
Lawrence Sheets, currently the South Caucasus project director of the International Crisis Group, recently recounted his visit to Armenia as South Caucasus correspondent for Reuters in 1992. He described the mindset created by the Karabagh conflict: "In this woman's mind (and those of many others), it was all part of the same pattern: The Karabagh war was just another Turkish effort to exterminate them, a logical extension of the almost-impossible-to-fathom Mets Yeghern (genocide) of an estimated 1.5 million Armenians at the hands of the dying Ottoman Empire (present-day Turkey) during World War I."17 His use of "Mets Yeghern (genocide)" clarified the meaning of the word in the same way as "Ottoman Empire (present-day Turkey)." He recorded the name of the event as it had been spelled to him, after many banners had already used yeghern to mean "genocide."
In the 21st century, the Shoah (Holocaust) memorial installed in downtown Yerevan by the Jewish community of Armenia (2006) displays a bilingual inscription with two totally different texts in Hebrew and Armenian. The Hebrew writing declares: "Lihyot o Lishkoakh / Lizkor Korbanot ha-Shoah" ("To be or to forget / In memory of the victims of the Shoah").
The members of the Jewish community, who are citizens of the republic and fluent in Armenian, had tactfully chosen to memorialize the victims of both genocides in the Armenian text: "Ապրել / Չմոռանալ / Հայ եւ հրեայ ժողովուրդների եղեռնի յիշատակին" ("To live / Not to forget / In memory of the yegherns of the Armenian and Jewish peoples").
It would be unreasonable to assume that such homage downplayed the magnitude of both genocides and stated "crime" or even "massacre" (the word chart would have sufficed) in the heart of Yerevan. Here, yeghern could only mean "holocaust" or "genocide," the same as Shoah, and each of those two meanings underscores their unique nature. The translation by epress.am confirmed it: "To live and not to forget: In the memory of the Armenian and Jewish peoples' Genocide [Yeghern]."18
The identification of both concepts yeghern and tseghasbanutiun has evolved in fully unexpected ways. Residents of various streets in central Yerevan, who have seen their houses expropriated in recent years, staged a demonstration near the presidential residence in January 2012, when the French law draft against genocide denial was initially approved. A spokesperson for them stated: "The law draft approved by France has not made me happy at all, because today a white yeghern [spitak yeghern] is being carried in my homeland, while the authorities and the people are watching in silence. What do we do? Should we go and ask the French to recognize the white genocide [spitak genotsid] of today? How to be happy, when people are being expelled from their own homes and thrown to the street in our country? Let's approve a law to establish criminal punishment to those who deny the 'white genocide' [spitak genotsid] in Armenia. What do you think, will it pass in Armenia?"19
The excerpt has the sole purpose of pointing out the abovementioned identification (spitak yeghern = spitak genotsid), regardless of the degree of hyperbole. Its echo, among many other examples, was found in an editorial entitled, "What Is Going on Today in Armenia Is a White Yeghern" of the Yerevan-based newspaper Haykakan Zhamanak (April 25, 2013): "People very frequently and easily claim that what is going on today in Armenia is a white Yeghern, an internal genocide [tseghasbanutiun], that the Turk massacred the Armenians in Western Armenia and the authorities of the Republic of Armenia are doing that in the Republic of Armenia…"20 The quotes show that the wording spitak yeghern identifies yeghern and genocide because its users claim that the situation was planned; as a matter of fact, it is not an Eastern Armenian adaptation of the expression spitak chart ("white massacre"), frequently used in Armenian rhetoric to symbolize assimilation in the diaspora.
References to yeghern = tseghasbanutiun = "genocide" going back to 1965 may provide a context to Armenian president Serge Sarkisian's line on Feb. 5, 2013, that "those two words are the same for us."21 Additionally, the Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute's website in Yerevan has entitled its section on the destruction of Armenian cultural monuments by the Turkish state, Mshakutayin Yeghern (in English, Cultural Genocide; Turkish, Kültürel Soykırım) and employs tseghasbanutiun six times in the text. Neither the demonstrators at Freedom Square in 1988 nor the Genocide Museum in 2013 may be suspected of exploiting yeghern with the aim of "undermining several decades of extensive lobbying efforts for the recognition of the Armenian Genocide."22
The advice to look it up in a dictionary23 seems equally moot. Linguist Ashot Sukiasyan (1922-2007) included tseghasbanutiun among synonyms of yeghern in the second edition of his monumental thesaurus of the Armenian language (2003, reprinted in 2009).24 Yeghern appears as "genocide" in an Armenian-English dictionary published in Yerevan in 2009; its five authors had also translated tseghasbanutiun as "genocide."25The list is likely longer.
The use of yeghern and tseghasbanutiun as synonyms by current Armenian speakers should induce their Armenian American critics to hone their linguistic skills, as a pioneering Turkish denier in America, former ambassador and MP Mustafa Šükrü Elekdağ, had already done by 2009-10.
Levy, Davutoğlu, and their 'Helpers'
Moreover, heads of state (Barack Obama) who use Medz Yeghern and, more times than not, couple it with genocide (Pope John Paul II, Stephen Harper) are probably showing the way for Armenian pundits, political operators, and the community at large to get thoroughly acquainted with their ancestral tongue. It is fair to say that setting the record straight with the legal term Great (Evil) Crime in late 2008 or early 2009 would have thwarted the "calamity" scenario installed by the Turkish "apology campaign." Insistence on the synonymous character of Medz Yeghern and genocide—an insistence that should have been expected from, but not be limited to, the president of Armenia as the counterpart of the U.S. president—could have also made White House advisers and speechwriters desist from including Medz Yeghern in presidential statements between 2009 and 2013; as we already took note in a previous article, they used it since "one side" (e.g., the Turkish one) had admitted it as a "place marker." Such insistence would have been crucial to avoid its worldwide banalization and deformation. Unfortunately, history can only be written in past tense and not in conditional mode.
Additionally, history seems to be written by the winners, as it happened, most recently, in Movsesian v. Victoria Versicherung. After the successful appeal by the Armenian side on December 2010, the defendant appealed in January 2011 and argued that Medz Yeghern was not "the term for 'Armenian Genocide' in the Armenian language," as the majority panel had declared, because it was "generally translated as 'great calamity,' not 'genocide.'" The authority for this argument was Ben Schott's blog entry in The New York Times, based on Turkish columnist Ali Bulaç's view that the "best translation" of Medz Yeghern is "Great Calamity."26 The defendant-appellant also transcribed samples of criticism against the term "by many in the Armenian community precisely because it does not mean 'Armenian genocide.'" Citing the September 2009 amicus brief from the Armenian Bar Association and the Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA), in which it was stated that President Barack Obama had used Medz Yeghern, "the Armenian name for the Armenian Genocide," the defendant-appellant retorted: "That representation to the panel by the ANCA simply cannot be squared with its prior objection that the terms have fundamentally different meanings."27
People not conversant in the Armenian language have been allowed to impose their ignorance over our half-baked knowledge, inadequately suited to engage the challenges posed by recently developed and more sophisticated mechanisms of soft-core relativism or denial.
In this regard, let us consider the following lines by political scientist Guenter Lewy on the genocide of the Native Americans: "In the end, the sad fate of America's Indians represents not a crime but a tragedy, involving an irreconcilable collision of cultures and values. … To fling the charge of genocide at an entire society serves neither the interests of the Indians nor those of history."28 The replacement of "America's Indians" by "Ottoman Armenians" exposes the grounds for Lewy's denial, couched in flawed academic methodology,29 in his book on the Armenian "disputed genocide": the rejection of the malevolent design characteristic of crime, in favor of tragedy or "calamity" which may occur independently of such design.
Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu recently upheld the same rejection: "I would not call genocide what was lived through, but it is their choice for those who call it. We need to develop a new language on this issue. We are not denying your pain, we understand; whatever that needs to be done, let's do it together. But this is not a unilateral declaration of a crime."30 Since 2009, his ministry has routinely condemned "President Barack Obama's standard 'Medz Yeghern (Great Disaster)' reference to the Armenian Genocide and criticized the U.S. for being prejudiced about 1915," as noted by Turkish columnist Burak Bekdil, who did not refrain from using Medz Yeghern and genocide in the same sentence.31 Here is a sample from 2013: "Issued under the influence of domestic political considerations and interpreting controversial historical events on the basis of one-sided information and with a selective sense of justice, such statements damage both Turkish-American relations, and also render it more difficult for Turks and Armenians to reach a just memory."32
On the other side of the divide, it is highly interesting that, in its February 2011 response, the plaintiff-appellee in Movsesian v. Victoria Versicherung had a moment of epiphany: It quoted the relevant paragraph of Senator Barack Obama's 2006 letter to Condoleeza Rice about the recognition of the Armenian Genocide, including the use of these two words, to bring forward the noteworthy argument that "President Obama reasserted this view in 2009."33 Unheard before or since, this is the same conclusion we arrived at quite independently in a previous article. Noticeably, even a misnamed "great disaster" with an additional attachment of "one of the worst atrocities of the twentieth century" with "1.5 million Armenians massacred or marched to their deaths" is tantamount, for the Turkish government, to "a unilateral declaration of a crime" and "one-sided information." An accurately named Great Crime would have an even a greater impact.
Gabriel Sanders recently ended his review of Raphael Lemkin's autobiography with the following reflection: "Critics can argue that Lemkin accomplished nothing. Genocide marches on. But Rwanda and Srebrenica are not refutations of his legacy; they are affirmations of his prescience. Without Lemkin, they would have been atrocities. In the light of his Genocide Convention, they were crimes."34 In the light of the Genocide Convention, one may ask, what would the Great (Evil) Crime of 1915 be?
As the "great calamity" hoax goes marching on, scholars like Lewy and politicians like Davutoğlu may enlist the logical support of Turkish sources to their thesis and, moreover, approvingly nod to those Armenian sources that continue to recycle statements such as, "at the end of the day, 'Meds Yeghern' is meaningless for most Americans, and does not have a judicial meaning."35
Diplomat and political scientist Ara Papian has observed that "'Medz Yeghern' means genocide for us, but it doesn't mean genocide to the rest of the world."36 In this context, the well-known paragraph of Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass deserves to be recalled once again: "'When I use a word,' Humpty Dumpty said, in rather a scornful tone, 'it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less.'
"'The question is,' said Alice, 'whether you can make words mean so many different things.'
"'The question is,' said Humpty Dumpty, 'which is to be master—that's all.'"37
Our words can only mean what we, the masters of the language, have chosen them to mean. An innocent mistranslation of Medz Yeghern may be a mistake, but a tendentious mistranslation is a violation of the Armenian language.
Medz Yeghern and its real and legal meaning of "Great (Evil) Crime" (as well as its contemporary meaning of "genocide") are the only legitimate choice over the fictitious and non-legal meaning of "Great Calamity" and its variants "Great Catastrophe," "Great Tragedy," or even the linguistically inaccurate "Great Atrocity." Relentless repetition installed "Medz Yeghern (Great Calamity)" within the international media; a barrage of the continuous use of "Medz Yeghern, the Armenian Genocide," with or even without its literal translation of "Great (Evil) Crime," should help install it anywhere.
In the end, any pretense of "denialist terminology" to refrain from calling things by their 90-plus-year-old Armenian proper name—as it has been misguidedly suggested following presidential statements of "Meds Yeghern" and Turkish mistranslations of "Great Calamity"—would be an act of self-censorship, playing straight into the hands of the denier. Moreover, it would be the most tragic irony in the ultimate stage of genocide: denial unwittingly self-imposed by those who are bound to fight against denial.
1 Quoted in The Armenian Reporter, June 26, 2009.
2 The Armenian Weekly, June 5, 2012.
3 Hayastani zrutsakits, April 19, 2013.
4 David Kazanjian and Marc Nichanian, "Between Genocide and Catastrophe," in David Kazanjian and David Eng (eds.), Loss: the Politics of Mourning, Los Angeles and Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003, p. 127.
5 Mark Perlman, Conceptual Flux: Mental Representation, Misrepresentation, and Concept Change, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2000, p. 182.
6 From Catholicos Vazken I's message: "Today, 50 years after the Great Massacre…" ("The Message of His Holiness the Catholicos of All Armenians in the Sad Anniversary," Aregak, special issue, April 1965, p. 5).
7 Nicholas Awde and Vazken-Khatchig Davidian, Western Armenian Dictionary and Phrasebook, New York: Hippocrene Books, 2006, p. 58.
8 Levon K. Daghlian, Yegherni husher/Memories of the Holocaust, Boston: Haig H. Toumayan, 1976.
9 Vahe Oshagan, "The Theme of the Armenian Genocide in Diaspora Prose," Armenian Review, Spring 1985, pp. 53-54.
10 James R. Russell, "The Bells: From Poe to Sardarapat," Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies, vol. 21 (2012), p. 153.
11 H. Dj. Siruni, "Yeghern me yev ir patmutiune" (A Yeghern and Its History), Ejmiatzin, February-March-April 1965, p. 7.
12 Patma-banasirakan handes, 2, 1975, pp. 264, 267 (index of contents).
13 Quoted in Mark Malkhasian, Gha-ra-bagh! The Emergence of the National Democratic Movement in Armenia, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1996, p. 56.
14 Harutiun Marutyan, "Tseghaspanutian hishoghutiune vorpes nor inknutian tsevavorich (1980 tvakanneri verj – 1990 tvakanneri skizb)" (The Memory of Genocide as Marker of New Identity: Late 1980s – Early 1990s), Patma-banasirakan handes, 1, 2005, p. 59.
15 Malkhasian, Gha-ra-bagh!, p. 56.
16 Marutyan, "Tseghaspanutian hishoghutiune," pp. 61, 63.
17 Lawrence Scott Sheets, Eight Pieces of Empire: A 20-Year Journey Through the Soviet Collapse, New York: Crown Publishers, 2011, p. 131.
18 See www.epress.am/en/2010/10/20/city-staff-busy-cleaning-traces-of-anti-semitism-on-yerevans-holocaust-memorial.html, where it is mistakenly said that the inscription is the same in both Hebrew and Armenian.
19 See www.epress.am/2012/01/25.
20 See www.hartak.am/arm/index.php?id=1982.
21 See www.panarmenian.net/arm/news/144433/.
22 The Armenian Weekly, Feb. 12, 2013.
23 Asbarez, Feb. 6, 2013.
24 Ashot Sukiasian, Hayots lezvi homanishneri batsatrakan bararan (Explanatory Dictionary of Synonyms of the Armenian Language), second edition, Yerevan: Yerevan State University Press, 2003, p. 264.
25 Sona Seferian et al., English-Armenian, Armenian English Dictionary, Yerevan: Areg, 2009, pp. 456, 569.
26 The New York Times, May 6, 2009.
27 See http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/uploads/07-56722pfr.pdf.
28 Guenter Lewy, Essays on Genocide and Humanitarian Intervention, Salt Lake City: Utah University Press, 2012, p. 102.
29 See Taner Akçam, "Review Essay: Guenter Lewy's The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey," Genocide Studies and Prevention, April 2008, pp. 111-145.
30 Milliyet, July 7, 2012.
31 Hurriyet Daily News, May 1, 2013.
32 Hurriyet Daily News, April 24, 2013.
34 The Forward, Aug. 2, 2013.
35 Haykaram Nahapetyan, "Obama vs Romney: Armenian American Community Pressures Candidates to Recognize 1915 Genocide by Ottoman Turkey," PolicyMic, Sept. 29, 2012 (www.policymic.com/articles/15545/obama-vs-romney-armenian-american-community-pressures-candidates-to-recognize-1915-genocide-by-ottoman-turkey).
36 The Armenian Weekly, Feb. 7, 2013.
37 Lewis Carroll, The Annotated Alice: The Definitive Edition, introduction and notes by Martin Gardner, New York: W. W. Norton, 2000, p. 213.
http://www.armenianweekly.com/2013/12/16/what-i-choose-it-to-mean-on-yeghern-as-the-armenian-translation-of-genocide/
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Other Abstract The utility model is of servomechanism structure, comprising a cap nut, a gas piston, a threaded rod, a cylinder body, a valve body, a valve pocket and a valve core, wherein, the cap nut, the gas piston and the threaded rod are of fore-body structure the valve body, the valve pocket and the valve core are of afterbody structure the threaded rod and the valve core are of double-body structure the threaded rod and the valve pocket are in integrated connection. The utility model has the advantages that it greatly reduces the moment of inertia from electric machine dragging due to the separation of the valve core and the threaded rod. When it is overloaded, the cylinder rod immobilizes, and the valve core rotates in circumference. Without axial rotation, it avoids collisions with reliable safety.
GB/T 7714 原培章,李小凡,唐杰. 脉冲油缸的机械位置反馈机构[P]. 1990-02-28.


When I saw Barry* recently I could tell that something was wrong; he had dark rings under his eyes, his face was gaunt, cheeks sunken and every now and again I heard him groan in pain.
When I asked him discretely if he was OK, Barry at first looked away but when I persisted he showed me.
Barry had a large, inflamed abscess on one of his lower front teeth and some of the others looked in trouble too.
Barry said he could hardly eat or drink anything without terrible pain, was struggling to sleep and said the only way he was coping was by taking pain killers every four hours day and night.
Barry had to let his medical insurance lapse a few years ago when he couldn't afford the monthly payments anymore and as times got harder and harder for him and his wife, every cent he has goes towards rent, food and utilities.
"There's never anything spare for doctors, medicines or dentists," Barry said.
Barry survives from one week to the next by doing deliveries and odd jobs for people; fixing a cupboard, unblocking a drain or pruning a fruit tree in a garden.
A gentle, softly spoken man, Barry has such a kind heart that he often gets paid for his work not in cash but in kind: a pawpaw or cauliflower, a tin of home baked biscuits or jar of home-made marmalade; all very necessary for the survival of Barry and his wife but not for a visit to the dentist.
A few more days passed before I saw Barry again and gave him an envelope with a few dollars in it, enough for a visit to the doctor and an antibiotic and a week later I gave him enough to have his tooth extracted.
The dentist said a number of Barry's teeth had to be extracted but he had made a start on the worst one.
Barry handed me two big avocados picked from the tree in his garden and gave me the receipts from doctor and dentist.
For pensioners who have lost their life savings in Zimbabwe's economic collapse, getting sick is their worst nightmare and they need help.
If you would like to help Barry or others like him please contact ZANE where every dollar is accounted for and nothing is wasted.


Living a Crafting Life: Scrapbook Process: "Let's Play" a Challenge!
This weekend was fairly productive, scrapping-wise. I got quite a few layouts finished -- most with old photos that I had never gotten around to scrapping. Now that I am practicing more and more layering with my 12 x 12" layouts, I find that using one photo on a page is easier than ever before.
This is a layout finished with some paper from Fancy Pants from a couple years ago that was in my stash and other scraps that I had left over from another layout. The Page Maps sketch I followed is part of the recent challenge over at The Memory Nest blog that ends tomorrow.
Leslie also has a Design Team call at her blog too! If you've ever wanted to try out for a Design Team, this one would be a great opportunity. Details HERE. Deadline is May 28th.
What did you scrap or make over the weekend??
Angie. I apologize for taking so long to visit. Love your take on the sketch and all the cheerful color. I recognize the flag. I had so much fun with those chipboard shapes. Thank you for linking up. Love when you play along.
I could not find your email address, but congrats...Congratulations you've won a $25 gift card from BasicGrey's National Scrapbook Day's challenge. Email me at shara@basicgrey.com and I'll send you your code.


KZN-The King of KwaZulu-Natal, Goodwill Zwelithini, has called on the Swazi people to join hands with his people in combating foreigners' illegal entry to South Africa. The king is not pleased to know that around 5 million foreigners immigrated into South Africa. Most of them emigrated from Swaziland to KwaZulu-Natal. He has called on young and old to stop illegal emigration.