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Books > Hindi > हिंदू धर्म > रामायण > Ramcaritmanas Word Index
Ramcaritmanas Word Index
by Winand M. Callewaert Philip Lutgendorf
"Ram" –the name of the lord of the Raghu lineage – is glorious indeed in Hindu tradition, and it is unquestionably the essence of its great medieval Hindi epic, Ramcaritmanas, composed by Gosvami Tulsidas. But one may ask, how many times in the course of this vast work does the name "Ram" appear? The answer to this question (which may be found in the present work) is not merely a matter of academic curiosity, but literary scholars and researchers often need to determine how many times and especially in what specific contexts some great poet or author has used a certain word or sequence of words. For example, a historian may seek all the usages of the name of a certain city, country, or king, or a linguist may look for each appearance of a certain verb or adjective, and so forth. Nor are such methods unfamiliar to Manas devotees and traditional scholars – Ramayanis and vyasas – for the careful analysis of Gosvami's usage of various terms has long been one of the standard techniques of oral and written exegesis of the epic: Manas-katha, pravacan, and vyakhya. Of course, there have always been those who excelled in this because of their total devotion to the epic, which they had completely internalized through memorization. In Ayodhya in 1984 I witnessed the extraordinary talent of the blind Ramayani known as "Ram Sahay Surdas-ji," who used to sit in Kanak Bhavan temple and answer devotees' questions about the Ramayan. His mind was capable of feats of memory that, nowadays in the West, we associate only with computes, and if someone asked him, for example, what Gosvamiji meant by birah, he would begin reeling off verses in which this term appears, commenting on each use of the word. It is also said by many Ramayanis that the "definition" of every term used in the Manas is itself given somewhere within the vast scope of that work.
But few of us have ready access to such marvelous personalities as Ram Sahay Surdas-ji, and it is perhaps also true that the number of those who have the entire text of Manas "in the throat" (as is said in Hindi, or in English, "by heart") is dwindling with the passage of time. For those who study the epic primarily through written sources, an ideal tool is a word index or "concordance." Such indexes have long been available for many important works of world literature, such as for various editions of the Bible, and for the complete plays of William Shakespeare. But it is a matter of regret that uptil now no accessible word index has been available for Tulsidas's justly famous and beloved masterpiece. True, Dr. Suryakant published a word index in 1937 under the title Tulsi-Ramayan shabd-suci and this book is still available in some collection. Dr. Suryakant assembled it with great care, but unfortunately the Manas edition on which he based it (published in Allahabad in 1922 with a commentary by B. Syam Sundar Das) has been virtually unavailable for a long time. Moreover, the line-numbering system of this edition appears to have been idiosyncratic, with the result that, unless one possesses a copy of this edition, the otherwise commendably-organized Suryakant Sabd-suci is of no use.
In May 1995, when I had the good fortune to visit Belgium, Professor Winand M. Callewaert of Leuven University, an expert on medieval Hindi Sant poetry, told me about the word index he was then developing with the aid of a computer program for the Sikh scripture, Shri Guru Granth Sahib (Since published by Motilal Banarsidass, 1996, 2 vols.). He then suggested that he could apply the same methodology and software to make a new word index for the Manas that would be based on the most widely-available edition of the text. Not only did Professor Callewaert make this excellent suggestion, but after my return to the United States he began, with his characteristic energy and enthusiasm, to make the necessary arrangements to bring it to fruition. Through his dedication and hard work, he obtained a research grant from the Koninklijke Akademie der Wetenschappen (Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences) for the production of this index. We are consequently very indebted to the board of directors of that Academy, as well as to Dr. H. Bodewitz, Professor of Sanskrit at Leiden University (Netherlands) and Professor D. Kolff, Director of CNWS, Leiden, for their encouragement and support of the project.
Although it remains rather surprising that so influential and beloved a text as the Ramcaritmanas has yet to appear in a truly critical edition, nevertheless there are at least three editions currently available that we may characterize as "semicritical" and that show only fairly minor variations among them: that of the Nagaripracarini Sabha, edited by Dr. Mataprasad Gupta; of the Kashiraj Trust, edited by Shri Vishvanath Prasad Mishra; and of the Gita Press of Gorakhpur, edited by Shri Hanuman Prasad Poddar, which first appeared in 1938 in a special issue of its popular journal Kalyan . Since then the Gita Press version has appeared in numerous editions and formats, large and small, and has been printed in hundreds of thousands of copies. It has found its way throughout India and beyond. Therefore, to suit the convenience of our readers we have decided to base our word index on the text as presented in the Gita Press edition, and utilizing also the numbering system contained therein (and further explained below). During the winter of 1996, Mr. Hemant Kumar Varshney and Ms. Rajni Ravat, Eclipse Systems, of New Delhi performed a unique and very modern parayan or "complete reading" of the Manas, earning (no doubt) great merit and our immense gratitude when they carefully typed the entire Gita Press text into a computer. Indeed, so conscientiously did they carry out this task, that when the time came to proofread their work (for which purpose we ourselves carried out an additional parayan recitation here in Belgium), we found remarkably few mistakes and were able to thoroughly savor the poetry as we read it. Whatever errors still remain (as there must no doubt be in any human endeavor) are ours.
As all readers of the Manas are aware, the "four charming ghats" (dialogues) and seven "staircases" (sub-books) of the epic's allegorical lake are constructed with the building blocks of stanzas consisting mainly of the caupai and doha meters. In all editions the dohas are numbered, but there are sometimes variations in the numbering scheme. On reflection, we have decided, following the model of both the Gita Press edition and the influential commentary Manas-piyus, to regard dohas as representing the terminations of stanzas. Therefore, the citation "1.15.4" in the index refers the reader to Book 11 of the epic (Bal-kand), stanza 15 (which consists of six verses preceding the doha that bears this number), and to the fourth two-line caupai in that stanza (as printed and numbered in the Gita Press editions). When couplets in doha/soratha meter occur at the opening of Kands (and appear unnumbered in the Gita Press edition), they are given the number "0"; thus "2.0" refers to the famous verse which opens Ayodhya-kand:
Having cleansed the mirror of my heart with the dust of my master's feet I narrate the pure glory of Raghuvar, which yields life' four fruits. Where more than one doha/soratha occurs at the end of a stanza, to its number is appended "k ,K ga" etc., corresponding to the numbering in Gita Press editions.
The other material form that is used frequently in the Manas is the four-line chand, usually introduced at moments of heightened emotion. Often a single chand stanza is sandwiched between a series of caupais and its concluding doha or soratha. In such cases, the chand bears the number of that doha stanza with the additional notations "C" Thus "1.10C" refer in Bal-kand to the chand that is inserted after a series of caupais just preceding doha 10. When several chands occur in series (and sometimes whole stanzas consist of them, as at 1.186), they are numbered 1.186C1, C2, C3, etc., just as they are in the Gita Press editions2. In such a case, of course, the reader may have to examine up to four lines of text in order to find the desired item; however, to order the index otherwise would have introduced the confusion of departing from the familiar Gita Press numbering scheme.
One other feature of this index requires mention. Very frequently, Tulsidas uses recurring formulas or clusters of words, especially word-pairs such as sukh sagar or hari jan . By nothing these down when they came to our attention we have assembled a list of more than a hundred such recurring patterns, and it has seemed useful to treat such formulas as single units in order not to overburden the reference system.
Finally, we like to thank Mr. Francis Laleman and Dr. Piet Mertens of the KULeuven for their assistance in adjusting the computer programs for this particular project, and Dr. Svapna Sharma for translating the Introduction into Hindi.
Philip Lutendorf
Beyond any doubt it can be said that the Manas of Tulsidas is one of the most popular and influential literary works in Indian literature. Millions have been and are enchanted by the beauty of its poetry and are influenced by the depth of its religious message. But Tulsidas lived five centuries ago and although for a Hindi speaker it may be not too difficult to understand the Avadhi language in which the Manas is written, the text becomes more and more inaccessible to many readers and listeners. Scholars too are at a loss because no adequate world index is available.
It is the purpose of this publication to give easy access to parallel passages in this enormous poem of Tulsidas. Both devotees and scholars may use this index for a study of the contents, while linguists may find it useful for a study of the grammatical and lexicographical forms.
Winand M. Callewaert is Professor of Sanskrit at the Catholic University Leuven, Belgium. His Publications include The Sarvangi of the Dadupanthi Rajab; Ed., Early Hindi Devotional Literature in Current Research; Bhagavadgitanuvada: A Study in Transcultural Translation (with S. Hemraj); E.C. India: Towards an Emerging Consensus (with Rajiv Kumar); The Hindi Biography of Dadu Dayal; The Hindi Songs of Namdev (with Mukund Lath); Nirgun-bhakti Sagar: Devotional Hindi Literature (with B. Op de Beeck); The Life and Works of Raidas (with P. Friedlander); The Sarvangi of Gopal Das; Eds., According to Tradition: Hagiographical Writing in India (with Rupert Snell); Gods and Temples in South-India; Kurukshetra, of Ramdhari Singh Dinkar (translation from Hindi into English with Adeshwara Rao); Shri Guru Granth Sahib, with complete Index. He has published eight books on India in Dutch.
Philip Lutgendorf is Associate Professors of Hindi and Modern Indian Studies at the University of IOWA (USA). His study of the oral performance of Tulsidas's epic of Ram, The Life of a text, received the 1932. Ananda Coomaraswamy Prize from the Association for Asian Studies.
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"While encouraging interreligious dialogue, Paul VI did not express any specific view so far as the place this dialogue could eventually be apportioned within the evangelizing mission of the Church. The reason for this was that the diagnosis as regards the value of these religions remained significantly negative. The Council did not do better." (Jacques Dupuis, Le dialogue interreligieux à l'heure du pluralisme, in Nouvelle Revue Théologique n° 120 [oct.-déc.] 1998 /4, p.545 [544-563]).
This reminder of Catholic doctrine, signed by the soon to be Pope Benedict XVI, wanted to be heard by the broad current of thought that, precisely with the exception of Jacques Dupuis, had been accustomed to quote the texts of Vatican II in a biased manner. This is what we are going to see, without diving into much tedious details.
No one will dispute the fact that some conciliar texts are ambiguous or contained unclear elements. They are human works, driven by a huge intention: to give an opinion on all issues affecting humanity, and provide an account on the different human paths existing on earth, be they religious or even non-religious, relative to the Church. Such an ambitious project could not have fully succeeded. However, its interpretations are hardly all legitimate.
What "ways of conduct and of life, and precepts and teachings" is the document talking about? Undoubtedly, the Council Fathers had in mind the "pre-Christian religions", such as Hinduism or the traditional religions, which, they mention, comprise "teachings, rules of life and sacred rites." One can see in them "spiritual and moral, as well as socio-cultural values", and even "a ray of that Truth which enlightens all men", the text goes on to say in No. 2.
So far as No. 2, Islam is not in any way concerned, whereas No. 3 introduces it as follows: "The Church regards with esteem also the Moslems." In other words, Islam is clearly excluded from the "religions" mentioned in No. 2 (conciliar texts have avoided using the word Islam, using the word Muslims instead).
Nevertheless, too often, we read the declaration Nostra Aetate from the assumption that it recognizes the values of Islam and identifies in it some "rays of truth". Such an interpretation is not honest. Of course, the conciliar text is not free of difficulties. The idea of detecting human and religious values in pre-Christian religions and cultures is reminiscent of Saint Paul's concerns and of many New Testament passages, with the significant exception that we stand twenty centuries after the Apostles. Where do we still find these "religions" today, and in what shape or form? Hinduism and Buddhism are presented together as "religions connected with the progress of culture" in pre-Christian civilizations. But is this view well-founded? Can the history of Buddhism be compared with that of Hinduism? The dating of the first is a problem all serious scholars are confronted with, none of them being able to produce documents prior to A.D. Conversely, on the subject of Hinduism, it is questionable whether this ancient pre-Christian phenomenon is really consistent with what we see today—with its Trimūrti, its Ramayana, and its political fanaticism. Still, the Council Fathers' hinging assessment is easily understood and fair: pre-Christian religions brought with them human-religious values.
Thus, Islam is treated separately. Indeed Nostra Aetate does not say that Islam carries such values but, in No. 3, attempts to describe what Muslims do and believe. They "worship the one God... who has spoken to men," says the text. Hence the proper setting for Islam predicates itself upon the post-(Judeo) Christian historical period. Furthermore, the text also seeks to highlight a number of exoteric similarities as to the content of the respective faiths of Muslims and Christians: Abraham, Jesus, Mary, Judgment Day, prayer, alms, fasting.
For 60 years, these apparent similarities have been rehashed a thousand times—except, indeed, fasting, largely abandoned by Christians in the West, and the Day of Judgment. But every time, would it not be necessary to point out that Islam's Abraham is not that of Revelation, and likewise Islam's Jesus—and also its Mary, its conception of prayer, fasting (related to daylight in Islam), and almsgiving? If we expounded on the issue of Judgment, we would need to begin by specifying that the Islamic return of Jesus on earth from heaven is not its manifestation in glory, as he announced. This question, it turns out, has virtually interested no one, while it would undoubtedly have been interesting, even perhaps decisive to dig into the various interpretations given to this "return", and compare them relative to the actual Day of Judgment.
In any case, the weaknesses of Nostra Aetate in no way invalidates the conclusion of Jacques Dupuis: the Council makes a critical and generally not positive assessment about "religions" as such—if it makes any sense whatever to talk of "religions", a concept artificially bringing together a number of totally opposite phenomena, such as Hinduism and Islam, for example.
The biased interpretive reading of Vatican II appears even more clearly with the text of Lumen Gentium, or Dogmatic Constitution on the Church.
"Christian revelation, starting from the testimony of Jesus, is expressed in a particular culture, necessarily relative. It does not exhaust—it cannot—the mystery of the Divine; neither does it impair the authentic divine revelation brought about through the voice of prophetic figures of other religious traditions" (ibidem, p.556).
• It is assumed that, for two thousand years, Christians failed to notice the universal scope of Christ's face; and that, with the twentieth century, brighter people finally come on the scene who finally noticed it. Of course, one could actually doubt the universality of Western Christianity to the degree that it has been linked to colonial endeavors or is significantly influenced by rationalism. If that is the objection, as all seems to indicate, it really is groundless.
• Because it ignores Eastern Christianities and, worse, ignores the anthropologically universal dimension of the biblical Hebrew and Aramaic-based culture—regardless of whether the latter was prompted, or at least accompanied by divine interventions. Unless this culture already provided with itself a universal dimension, the Apostles' apostolate could not have had the ability to impact all cultures and peoples readily reachable at the time (including the Chinese culture). Indeed it prepared the universal expression of Jesus himself, even if one does not believe, as is clearly attested by the multicultural dimension of the testimony given by the Apostles about this Person.
It is only when one reduces Christ's specific impact to a message—similar to ancient religious texts (pre-Christian)—that it becomes possible to tame him down to the level of a prophet who "does not exhaust the mystery of the divine", and thereby to line him up among other inspired men who all give a message touching upon "God". And that, frankly, makes up for a rather helpless theological vicious circle! Besides, if Jesus gave a message, it is not completed: Christians await his coming in glory. But, how many theologians do likewise?
"Whatever good or truth is found amongst them (apud illos) is looked upon by the Church as a preparation for the Gospel (ab Ecclesia tamquam praeparatio evangelica aestimatur)".
What does "amongst them" actually mean? At home? In their family traditions? Or, perhaps, as part of their alleged "religion", or of their culture? In a footnote, the Latin Edition refers to Eusebius of Caesarea, while the expression praeparatio evangelica is itself a reference to yet another and earlier author, namely: St. Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyon from 177 to 202 A.D. Back to those early days, one could still think in terms of pre-Christians worship and religious traditions (most of which had already begun to disappear). But in 1964? What could possibly still remain pre-Christian in the world of the twentieth century? Even the most remote tribes in the jungle of Borneo are now (and have been for about a century) in contact with the thought of our world as shaped by Christianity or by the post-Christianities that followed. The Latin text purposely indicates apud illos, as opposed to in illos (in them). Indeed, what is at issue here does not belong to the question of inmost spiritual opening toward the Gospel (see below), but simply to extraneous traditions.
Relaying on outdated as well as erroneous translations, rather than on the original Latin, the first French edition of the Catechism of the Catholic Church read as follows: "The plan of salvation also embraces... the Muslims who, professing the faith of Abraham, along with us adore the one God, etc." Islam, then, is heir of Abraham's faith? But this is not what the Latin text (see in parentheses), signed by the Council Fathers, actually says: Muslims ... say they have the faith of Abraham – when, in reality, this is not the case.
The above elements of analysis apply to this particular section only insofar as it can be used to refer to the situation met by the Apostles as opposed to that of today's world under the influence of various post-Christianities. Once again it appears that the Council's Fathers, attached to their conceptual Western theology, failed to account for what had changed in the world since the first century A.D. The originality of this passage consists in its mentioning what is good "in the hearts and minds of men" (other texts do not explicitly do so). But, of course, the call of Christian salvation addresses and rouses that which is best in man, not that which is corrupt.
All things considered, we can therefore conclude that the Council actually took a critical and overall disapproving stance on (other) "religions" or atheism strictly speaking—an appraisal it did not, of course, apply to the actual people professing this or that belief system . However this objective assessment, unfortunately, is as yet far from self-evident.
The Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium was released in November 2013. Some of its sections shocked a number of Christians, especially Eastern Christians and Christians from the culture of or converted from the Islamic faith. However, a question comes to mind: were these sections already part of the version initially ready in June 2013? Could have they been added at a later stage? The question is legitimate because their careful study actually shows that they did not originate from the hand of Pope Francis. It is not difficult to notice that four blocks of text were inserted afterwards between No. 241 and 258 (which should be read in the straightforward order of one following the other), namely No. 242 to 257. It is in one of these added sections (No. 253) that we come across the following very questionable statement : "[…] authentic Islam and the proper reading of the Koran are opposed to every form of violence." So Rome somehow happens to know what true Islam is in contradistinction to false Islam, does it not? Or, could the problem possibly be ill-defined? With the exception of a few perverse, nobody likes violence for its own sake and no one advocates it as such. Thus, would not the real question rather be: what is the goal of Islam, whose name means submission? If that is the goal, does not it necessarily follow that violence must be used, first against intelligence and the spirit, second against the body?
In fact, it was not the first time that Pope Francis found himself trapped in written format (often because he does not, or not carefully review his own texts, if one is to believe Sandro Magister).
Thus it appears that, 60 years later, we still fail not only to receive the conciliar texts as they were written, but also to do so with the discerning appreciation of their limitations. Instead, we appear to be bent on appropriating and using them through distorting reading keys.
 The study of the conciliar passages that intended to address the question of how does God save men? lie beyond the scope of this article. It is often because these texts are read in a biased manner that "other religions" have been unduly promoted as ways of salvation. And, in turn, this explains how we have ended up reading into the text of these passages referring to "religions" something they do not actually say.
 - We have heard similar views being expressed from the mouth of Obama, Sarkozy (back when he was President), Valls, Cameron, and almost all Western politicians in power. Might they suddenly be sincere? Or rather, contributing to confine Muslims in a mentality of exalted victimhood, is not the actual project to impede them from thinking so as to readily manipulate them? The question must be raised.


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A Brexit Pilot Peace Poll
Colin Irwin Mon 04 Feb 2019 updated: Mon 11 Feb 2019
In my series of blogs on Brexit I have suggested that Brexit needed a peace poll (1), that much of the polling done on Brexit was partisan and misleading (2), and that as Brexit was creating deep divisions in UK society pollsters should use conflict resolution best practice to analyse their data (3). With this point in mind I have completed a Brexit peace poll pilot to illustrate how this can be done.
Firstly the questions in a peace poll should be agreed and drafted with the cooperation of the parties to the conflict. In this case that should be the Parliamentarians elected to the House of Commons. But for the purposes of this pilot I have simply taken the relevant items from the House of Commons Order Paper No. 239 Part 1 that lists the Governments European Union (Withdrawal) Act, and all the amendments proposed by Parliamentarians (page 26-38) for selection by the Speaker on Tuesday the 29th of January.
From a conflict resolution/negotiations perspective this Act and amendments can be loosely characterised as being 'substantive' elements of an agreement or 'procedural' elements for getting to an agreement. Using Google Surveys I was able to test nine solutions for resolving Brexit against each other, with a tenth question asking the informant if they would vote 'leave' or 'remain' if a referendum was held today (Table 1 in pdf below). I would then be able to compare the opinions of Leavers and Remainers on these issues, and see if a compromise could be found anywhere, that they might be able to agree to. The same was done for nine procedural issues (Table 2 in pdf below).
From Table 1 we can see Leavers do not want to stay in the European Union at 79.9 per cent 'unacceptable', while Remainers do not want to leave the EU without an agreement at 71.8 per cent 'unacceptable', and Leavers do not want a referendum to leave or remain in the European Union at 81.8 per cent 'unacceptable'. So nothing to agree to there at this time. But if we take a look at the other end of this five point scale, at what Remainers and Leavers consider to be 'essential' (Table 3 in pdf below) then we get a slightly different picture. The number one priority for Remainers is 'a permanent customs union for trade with the EU, strong relationship with the single market, shared institutions and alignment on rights and standards' at 47.6 per cent 'essential'. The same item is third on the Leavers list at 17.5 per cent 'essential' but significantly it is only 20.2 per cent 'unacceptable' so perhaps something can be done with this.
Other options include a Canada-style deal and a Norway-style deal and they are possibly 'doable' but they presently require a Northern Ireland backstop which Leavers want removed at 45.4 per cent 'essential' while Remainers consider it 'unacceptable' at 26.8 per cent. On the other hand the 'permanent customs union' approach does not need a backstop so perhaps this is 'the lesser of the evils' in this case given its otherwise more general 'acceptance' by Leavers' at 30.8 per cent.
With regards to the procedural issues (Table 4 in pdf below) it is interesting to note that Remainers do want them ranging from a high of 45.5 per cent 'essential' for a vote on any deal agreed to by MPs, to 42.7 per cent for MPs to vote on various deals (an Indicative Vote) to 'ruling out a no-deal scenario and preparing for a People's Vote with an option to remain in the European Union' at 41.9 per cent 'essential'. When phrased in this way Leavers consider this form of referendum to be 55.6 per cent 'desirable' so if the Brexit process has to go 'down this road' then perhaps this is the way to go. Interestingly, but not surprisingly, Leavers are far less enthusiastic about the various procedural options on offer as they want Brexit and presently it is the law.
This Google survey of 100 interviews was collected between February 2 and February 4. It is only a pilot costing a very modest £160. Clearly a larger survey is needed with input from the Parliamentarians who wrote the draft law and amendments tested here. I am a little concerned that my "Remain' or 'Leave' question got such a high 'Remain' response so I do not think that result or the general result for the UK population as a whole should be cited here. But comparing the opinions of Remainers and Leavers as 'indicative' of what is happening to opinion is valid and I doubt if a more thorough survey would come to conclusions very different to the ones I have drawn here.
Although the pilot only has an N=100 sample I am used to working with small samples around the world as I am generally working on conflicts where such samples are often very hard to get. The thing then is to know what one can draw conclusions from and what one can not. With this point in mind although the overall sample may not be as good as we would like by taking out the most polarised groups (in Northern Ireland Protestants and Catholics for example and in Brexit Britain Remainers and Leavers) we can compare the differences between these two groups with some certainty.
I was thinking of running the pilot again for political party breakdown to compare Labour and Conservative supporters. But the results would not be so definitive in this case as some Conservatives are Remainers and some Labour Party supporters are Leavers. So to do this I think we really do need a much better sample.
Also there is a problem with the Google Programme. I had to include "I prefer not to answer' in every question up front so the 'No Answers' are a bit high. It is possible that quite a lot of Leavers said they 'Prefer not to answer' in question one and that is why the Leave result is a bit low. This problem can be overcome by using 'stock' questions on this issue that have been tested by various polling companies and that are know to work well.
So I think the poll should be run with a better sample and questions and that comparisons should be made between political parties as well as Remainers and Leavers. Inevitably the Conservatives and Labour Party supporters will be closer on all the issues tested here than the Remainers and Leavers.
Finally I should add that the level of 'unacceptable' for Protestants for the Power Sharing option that became the Belfast Agreement was 52 per cent (Table 5). But I suspect that Conservative 'unacceptable' for a permanent customs union would be less than 20 per cent so resolving Brexit is a 'walk in the park' compared to doing the Belfast Agreement! And the other options such as a Norway-style deal are almost as equally acceptable. But I did not want to say too much about this from the pilot as these similarities are all within the margins of error. So someone really should run these polls again to the best possible polling standards with a bigger sample!
The results for the Brexit Substance Pilot poll can be viewed here:
https://surveys.google.com/reporting/survey?survey=2peeanr4iuxgulkbl6zlyvwkcy
And the results for the Brexit Process Pilot poll here:
https://surveys.google.com/reporting/survey?survey=a3ksqmr55otbkcnrmsmhwiqwq4
And the data files for both polls are available here:
Finally a free book on peace polling is available here:
http://www.peacepolls.org/peacepolls/documents/002539.pdf
(1) http://ukandeu.ac.uk/did-brexit-need-a-peace-poll/
(2) http://ukandeu.ac.uk/lies-damned-lies-and-brexit-statistics/
(3) http://ukandeu.ac.uk/making-peace-in-two-deeply-divided-societies-northern-ireland-and-brexit-britain/
A Brexit Pilot Peace Poll Updated

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The EU remained the UK's biggest trading partner, taking more than half (53.9 per cent) of exports, while the appetite for British-built cars rose in several key markets, notably Japan (25.4 per cent), China (19.7 per cent), Canada (19.5 per cent) and the USA, where demand increased by 7 per cent.
Oil and gas company ExxonMobil announced plans Monday to invest some $50 billion into the expansion and improvement of its USA operations over the next half-decade, with the company's top leader attributing its decision to recent tax reforms signed into law by President Donald J.
Unlike the CFPB, other independent agencies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission and Federal Communications Commission, are controlled by bi-partisan panels. "I am deeply disappointed with the court's decision and hope the Supreme Court will review the ruling in short order", Hensarling said in a press release.
The front of the truck was separated from the front, and trash was scattered all over the scene. Amtrak's statement said "two Amtrak crew members and two passengers were transported to a local hospital with minor injuries". No lawmakers were believed injured, but at least one person in the truck was said to be seriously injured. "Security and doctors on board are helping secure the scene and treat injuries", Alabama Republican Bradley Byrne tweeted .
WestJet will begin daily service between Halifax and London Gatwick April 29. All flights will be operated on the airline's "newest, most efficient and guest-friendly aircraft", the Boeing 737-8 MAX. There will also be four daily flights from Halifax to St. John's, the airline said in its statement. Westjet is also increasing service to Edmonton (50 to 59 flights weekly), Kelowna (40 to 49), Ottawa (seven to 14), Regina (six to seven), Fort.
About 833,843 shares traded or 162.31% up from the average. Brandywine Realty Trust (NYSE:BDN) has risen 17.77% since January 31, 2017 and is uptrending. It turned negative, as 46 investors sold VLO shares while 310 reduced holdings. 89 funds opened positions while 397 raised stakes. 275.39 million shares or 1.64% less from 279.97 million shares in 2017Q2 were reported.
They visited the small community newspaper in Alabama on last year's trip. "People consistently tell us they want to see more local news on Facebook ", Zuckerberg wrote in a post on Facebook . They also say they want to see news about what's happening in the world and their local community. They will appear higher in News Feed for followers in their area.
Lilly (Eli) & Co. now has $86.44B valuation. During the same period past year, the firm earned $0.86 earnings per share. BSW Wealth Partners now owns 4,774 shares of the company's stock worth $393,000 after purchasing an additional 27 shares in the last quarter.
Bon-Ton will continue to operate stores in Camp Hill, Chambersburg, Hanover, Harrisburg, Lancaster, and York. Store closing sales are expected to begin February 1 under a partnership with a third-party liquidator, Hilco Merchant Resources.
The video is only a few seconds long but is accompanied with a caption saying the "intercept lasted two hours and 40 minutes". The Russian Defense Ministry said the Russian fight jet was acting "in accordance with global standards", the state-run RIA Novosti news agency reported .
Author: - January 31, 2018 0	Dow Jones DOWN: Is this the beginning of USA stock market crash?
Shares of Goldman Sachs and Bank of America, however, rose 1.6 percent and 0.25 percent, respectively. The Cboe Volatility Index, the most widely followed barometer of expected near-term volatility for US stocks, closed up 2.76 points, or almost 25 percent, at 13.84, its highest close since August 18.
Mr Berendji said M&S would try to offer staff affected an alternative job, but added that " in some cases we may have to consider redundancy ".M&S announced a year ago that it may "speed up" plans to close 30 stores. The accelerated programme would see stores shut in Birkenhead, Bournemouth, Durham, Fforestfach, Putney and Redditch - with all colleagues moving to other nearby stores, M&S said.
Finally, Balyasny Asset Management LLC purchased a new stake in Noble Energy during the 2nd quarter worth about $75,546,000. 2 analysts say it's a Hold while 0 analysts provided their expert opinion as Sell. About 332,455 shares traded or 0.00% up from the average. (NYSE:NBL). Lord Abbett & Co Ltd Liability Company holds 0.12% of its portfolio in Noble Energy, Inc.
The stock decreased 1.21% or $1.295 during the last trading session, reaching $105.545. About 13.88 million shares traded or 3.09% up from the average. Therefore 62% are positive. Analysts await Allison Transmission Holdings, Inc. The rating was upgraded by Vetr on Tuesday, September 1 to "Buy". Piper Jaffray maintained the shares of PCLN in report on Tuesday, August 25 with "Buy" rating.
The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE:KO) has declined 0.95% since January 31, 2017 and is downtrending. It has underperformed by 4.67% the S&P500. Peapack Gladstone Financial Corp sold 2,264 shares as the company's stock rose 6.48% with the market.
Author: - January 31, 2018 0	Which Insider bought 4954 Shares Of Starbucks Corporation (SBUX)?
Newtyn Management Llc who had been investing in Hrg Group Inc for a number of months, seems to be less bullish one the $3.65B market cap company. The stock has been trading in a positive spotlight, based on the latest price movement of 0.30% Last Trading sentiment pushed the share value at $57.19.
Now he has an entirely new mission. The 60-second ad is scheduled to air immediately following the Super Bowl halftime show . In anticipation of the premiere, Prime Video will air its first-ever Super Bowl ad featuring the series, which can be previewed/embedded here.
Since 2013 the company has seen is market cap drop from £6.9bn to £1.3bn now. That said, Capita does an enormous amount of work for the public sector, with industry analysts noting it has won 109 contracts from local government and 40 from central government in the a year ago.
In Asia Pacific, a key market for H&M, the figure was 21%. "There is little in the statement to suggest that H&M can reignite its top line anytime soon", wrote Richard Chamberlain, an analyst at RBC Capital Markets. "This is presenting many challenges but we believe we are well placed to adjust to the new dynamics and take advantage of the opportunities in front of us".
Author: - January 31, 2018 0	Super Bowl ad preview: Chris Pratt & Michelob Ultra - fit or flat?
Chris Pratt may also show up as Star-Lord in an Infinity War Super Bowl trailer, but that hasn't been confirmed yet. So when I see a beer I can't help but squint my eyes and imagine a treadmill - Specifically how long I'll have to be on that treadmill to burn off the beer.
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (NYSE:WMT) has risen 13.83% since January 30, 2017 and is uptrending. Schaller Investment Group Inc increased its stake in Range Res Corp ( RRC ) by 86.87% based on its latest 2017Q3 regulatory filing with the SEC.
President Moon Jae-in's special security adviser says South Korea can utilize North Korea's participation in the PyeongChang Winter Olympics as much as the North does. The IOC also revoked the media pass of the erring photographer. "The first time we stepped on stage, all these (camera) flashes were going off and I couldn't see", she recalled.
Author: - January 31, 2018 0	GOP Congress Members Caught in Train Wreck!!!
Rep. Bob Goodlatte's staff tells us that the long-time representative was not on the train, but Rep. Mooney has said that he was, and is in good condition. Brad Wenstrup, R-Ohio, who was also at in June's shooting of Republicans at a baseball practice in nearby Alexandria, Va., and treated some of the victims.
GROSS PATRICK W sold $34,174 worth of stock. (NYSE:AVT). Thompson Davis & invested in 0.02% or 361 shares. Express now has $44.72 billion valuation. The stock decreased 4.36% or $0.16 during the last trading session, reaching $3.51. Among 14 analysts covering Waste Management Inc. Analysts are forecasting earnings of $2.09 on a per share basis this quarter. The company's Average Earnings Estimate for the Current Fiscal quarter is $1.7, according to consensus of 18 analysts.
The rating was maintained by Nomura with "Buy" on Monday, July 27. Bainco Invsts reported 2.89% stake. ASOS Plc had 242 analyst reports since August 4, 2015 according to SRatingsIntel. The stock increased 0.31% or $0.14 during the last trading session, reaching $46. The stock has "Buy" rating by Deutsche Bank on Friday, October 13.


text:
All eyes on Facebook after Giphy takeover
Roland Eisenbrand & Scott Peterson 5/29/2020
US Tech insiders see data acquisition as primary motivator for acquisition
Earlier this month, Facebook bought Giphy. It's not the first time Facebook has snatched up a company that while frequently and widely used is not exactly a revenue-generating machine. The newly acquired GIF-platform was already heavily embedded in the Facebook family of apps and now it's integration is supposed to be taken even further. But is that the sole reason for the takeover?
Facebook ponied up USD 400m for Giphy, Axios reported and Facebook confirmed the move (although not the ticket price) soon after: "GIPHY makes everyday conversations more entertaining, and so we plan to further integrate their GIF library into Instagram and our other apps so that people can find just the right way to express themselves," wrote Vishal Shah, VP of Product for Instagram, in a company blog post. "We know that bringing the GIPHY team's creativity and talent together with ours will only accelerate how people use visual communication to connect with each other."
25 percent of Giphy's traffic comes via Instagram
Giphy was already well established on Instagram; searching for GIFs and "stickers" in Instagram's story camera means receiving results from Giphy—something that Instagram users are wont to do: "50% of GIPHY's traffic comes from the Facebook family of apps, half of that from Instagram alone, wrote Shah. GIF creators, whose uploaded picture files land at the top of the GIF tab in Instagram can receive millions of impressions overnight.
While GIFs were, initially, a vestige of the tasteless early days of internet design, their quality and popularity have taken off in the past decade, cementing themselves firmly into online culture and communication. Google Trends says that since June 2015, more GIF searches are made than searches for Jesus.
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Giphy says it's search engine number two
Giphy is the most-used GIF library online. According to its About page the company delivers "10+ billion pieces of GIPHY content to a daily user reach of 700+ million people." Founder and CEO Alex Chung said in October 2019 that they are the second largest search engine after Google and service nearly 1 billion users a day.
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Google snatched up Giphy competitor Tenor back in March 2018. At the time, Tenor said, "we passed 300 million users in 2017, and earlier this year we passed 12 billion search requests per month." Those same figures can still be found on the Tenor About page today. Even though it would seem that the figures would have to have risen significantly since then, given the fact that Tenor is integrated into Google's keyboard app Gboard, which is pre-installed on a number of Android phones.
Why the GIFcuisition?
The third relevant player in the GIF game is Gfycat. The last user figures they released stem from April 2018 and put MAUs at 180 million users, as CEO Richard Rabbat told Techcrunch at the time.
It's not entirely surprising then that Facebook would want to acquire the biggest player on the market when you take the overall popularity of GIFs into consideration as well as the face that Giphy is already integrated into Facebook's platforms. If another company beat Facebook to the punch that very well could have meant Facebook no longer being able to offer GIFs at the same extent and with the same usability as it does now. But is that really the only reason Facebook would have to gif their hands on the platform?
Well-known players in the US tech and VC scenes see other motives. "There are two reasons Facebook buys a consumer company. Eyeballs or data," tweeted Techcrunch Editor-in-Chief Matthew Panzarino in response to the deal. John Gruber, whose "Daring Fireball" blog has made him one of the better known Apple bloggers in the world, expanded upon that Tweet saying that the deal targets "all the messaging apps that don't offer Facebook integration for security/privacy reasons, Now Facebook has tracking pixels in, e.g. Apple's Messages.
To fully appreciate what Gruber is saying, you need to realize that Giphy's GIF search is typically integrated into many other platforms and apps. Giphy invites third-party developers to integrate their GIF library via an API, an application programming interface, or an SDK (Software Development Kit, so that the service can be better integrated and configured in another app.
Is Giphy Facebook's trojan horse?
Facebook has said "developers and API partners will continue to have the same access to GIPHY's API" and the Giphy team shared a similar sentiment on the deal as well. Both parties would seem to be quick to assuage any fears developers may have that Facebook intends to limit access to the Giphy library.
Several representatives in the US tech scene believe that the exact opposite is what makes Giphy so attractive to Facebook, i.e. accessing users through 3rd-party apps. "That this has now become even more important than ever, a brief reminder that Giphy's SDK for developers requires access to the tracking ID of every device," wrote Dominik Hofmann, founder of social video app Byte and of Vine, once acquired and now discontinued, after the deal was announced in a now-deleted tweet. He then responded to a user request for context on the (now deleted) tweet saying "Facebook can now better track you and competitors."
Giphy's standard SDK is embedded in 587 Android apps
The device ID that Hofmann is referring to is a unique number given to every smartphone and tablet. As the Facebook "family of apps" (which includes Instagram and WhatsApp) provides the mother company with an enormous amount of users, personal names and device IDs, it's at least theoretically possible to find them again through Giphy's SDK in other apps.
An analysis made exclusively for OMR by app intelligent service provider 42 Matters shows that the standard Giphy SDK is embedded in 587 android apps, including many camera and dating apps, but also surprisingly in Paypal as well. In Apple's iOS universe, the Giphy SDK has been integrated into 91 apps according to 42 Matters, including the iOS Paypal app, video editing app Unfold and in Dominik Hofmann's social video app Byte.
A list of the ten most-downloaded of the 587 apps Android that have the Giphy SDK integrated (Source: 42 Matters)
Major social apps among official Giphy partners
What the list does not include, however, are the major social apps like Tiktok, Snap and Twitter—despite the fact that these apps have Giphy integrated into them. "We can see if an app has integrated the (standard) Giphy SDK, but I guess, as you mentioned, that companies like TikTok and Twitter do the integration in a deeper (and server-side controlled) way," says 42-Matters founder and CEO Andrea Girardello. "For example, we checked Twitter manually and they implement in their own way, calling their servers and communicating over JSON." Girardello says that such custom implementations are very hard to detect, if at all possible.
We are in all of the messaging apps, in Snap, Instagram and WhatsApp", said Giphy founder and CEO Chung speaking at a conference in 2018 (The partnership with and integration in Tiktok was announced in August 2019). "We are a superset of all of these companies, because we are embedded in every one of those apps. We can pretty much hit everyone on the internet."
"Question: if you were a messaging app like Slack or iMessage or Twitter or Signal, and had Giphy integrated, are you as happy with that usage data going to Facebook as you were when it just went to Giphy?," asked Josh Elman from prestigious Silicon Valley VC firm Greylock Partners on Twitter after the deal was announced. Greylock has had holdings in Facebook; currently, they have shares in messenger app Discord.
Signal and Telegram refuse to transfer data to Giphy
There have been several messaging apps with Giphy integration who have officially stated that they will not be providing Facebook with any data in response to the deal. Telegram, for example, responded to a Twitter question saying "On Telegram, Giphy only sees your search term. None of your data is shared, and it doesn't know who you are.".
Signal also took to Twitter to reiterate that "GIF searches in Signal have been protected by a privacy-preserving proxy from the very beginning. The Giphy SDK isn't included in the app at all." Greylock's Elman tweeted in response: "You still can see usage data, though not on an individual basis."
Also Zoom, the virtual meeting app, whose profile and usage have skyrocketed during the corona pandemic, has removed Giphy Integration temporarily. On its company blog, Zoom stated that "to ensure strong privacy protection for users, we've temporarily removed the GIPHY integration in Zoom Chat. Once additional technical and security measures have been deployed, we will re-enable the feature." It's newsworthy as is on the surface, but even more interesting when you consider that Zoom's current security consultant, Alex Stamos, was Facebook's Chief Security Officer from 2015 to 2018.
Is Facebook trying to spy on the competition?
And that is apparently the biggest fear among a variety of competitors given Facebook's track record of employing dubious means to spy on the competition to either then acquire them or blatantly copy their most successful features.
In 2013 Facebook acquired Isreal-based mobile analytics company Onavo, which provided a VPN app that permitted users to send their data via a third-party server. That should provide more security and privacy, but as the Wall Street Journal first reported in 2017 (Paywall) monitored and analyzed the entire network traffic, finding out which apps and features were particularly popular among users, who were completely unaware that it was taking place.
Onavo identified WhatsApp as takeover target
Using the insights gained through Onavo, Facebook is rumored to have decided to acquire WhatsApp, for example. Confidential Facebook documents, published by the British authorities in 2018, show that Facebook used Onavo to find out that US users sent considerably more messages on WhatsApp than on the Facebook product Facebook Messenger.
Facebook is also said to have used Onavo to track Snapchat's performance. After Snapchat declined Facebook's USD 3 billion takeover offer, Facebook simply copied the Snapchat stories feature for Instagram.
Antitrust authorities skeptical of Onavo
There is also another Instagram feature that may be based on insights gained through Onavo: Boomerangs, the mini-clips that loop back and forth (similar to GIFs). Startup Phhhoto developed a similar feature in 2014 and the app had 10 million users at its peak—before it was copied by Instagram. In 2017, Phhhoto shut down.
In February 2019, Facebook finally removed Onavo from app stores after repeated criticism. Nevertheless, antitrust authorities in the USA and in Europe continue to examine Onavo's role.
US senators criticize the Giphy deal
The Giphy acquisition did manage to do something that few issues in US politics can: generate bipartisan unity. A group of both Republican and Democratic senators have criticized the deal citing antitrust concerns, as the Verge reported The group included Republican senator Josh Hawley, as well as Democratic senators Amy Klobuchar and Elizabeth Warren, both of whom recently ran for President.
Instagram CEO Adam Mosseri defended the deal to Axios, denying that data acquisition was the catalyst for the deal saying, "The most interesting thing to me is how quickly some people jump to data always, which is a reminder of how important privacy is and how often we oversimplify things." Mosseri went on to say that the primary motivations for the deal were to keep the platform running, the creator ecosystem and insights into which GIFs are trending.
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Talk of the townTorben Lux & Scott Peterson 10/23/2017 Who's the most GIF-ted? These brands are killing it on GIPHY
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Talk of the townRoland Eisenbrand & Scott Peterson 6/1/2021 Poparazzi: Testflight, Tiktok and pre-orders send app to the top in a flash
MobileSearchTalk of the townTorben Lux & Scott Peterson 8/8/2019 Russian programmers lap the competition with paid car apps
Talk of the townRoland Eisenbrand & Scott Peterson 5/5/2021 Trash for cash: Absurdist gross-out vids make major bucks on Facebook Watch
PodcastScott Peterson 6/7/2018 "It's more evolution than transformation"
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Chased out by Mig17's, old WH700 saw the end of its life doing Blue Jay Missile trials in Woomera Australia.
It will soon return to near this base, in March 2006 in battle again, this time racing against the clock.
Dr Goggles and myself have spent 2 years designing, building, redesigning this project. It has started to become a complete obsession.
Powerplant is a 3.6litre V6 Holden Commodore engine. Hopes for a run in March.
Thanks Glen, these pics are a little old now, things moving quickly at the moment with seat construction on the weekend and our seven point harness being readied for fixing to the car.
I'll keep posting if the interest is there, er.. here.
It looks good. I wish I could bend round tubing like that. How much castor do you have in the front? I'm still trying to figure what I want.
I like the shape of the body a lot .
We are running Holden (GM) EH stubs with Ford hubs (trailer hubs) so we can use the same wheels that most people are running so we can borrow if we get in trouble or lend if someone else needs them (friendly lot on the salt and we are not zillionaires!).
We have no suspension save two bits of rubber. We are very lucky at Lake Gairdner as the salt is of exceptional quality. Other belly tanks here have suspension in the design but have welded it up so we thought just design the system without and save the complexity. Less in the wind, better looking.
We have 1936 Ford split wishbones giving some extra support out wide.
Steering box is from a beetle.
Thanks for the comment re: bending. We did it with a combination of a manual pipe bender and a car jack stuck under a steel saw horse.
Photos below concentrate on the front end, show the tank and the plane it came from, plus the girlfriend hard at work on "tank day."
Keen to hear from fellow belly tankers. It is a peculiar disease isn't it?
A pictures says a thousand words....... we'll have some to share in March.
I take it you're familiar with Wayne's belly tanker (wazavudu) ?
If not, email or PM me and I'll put you in touch.
"Build it small, Drive it BIG"
Well our tanks are at least (there is some rumour that Dr Goggles may be a distant relative though...). Wayne gave us the remains of the tank he used for the canopy for Wazavudu which is the silver half tank you see on the top of ours making our creature its strange cousin.
Thank you for suggesting the link though. We met Wayne at Lake Gairdner two years ago and have been hasstling him with questions ever since.
Wazavudu is a very nicely made vehicle indeed and we look forward to its return in March with a new engine.
Actually it's the opposite, a really early photo prior to the nose art.
I think Wayne has told me about your project, looking good.
That is one of the nicest looking lakesters I've ever seen. Tell me more about it. Looks like he is running vintage 4 class. What motor? How fast? Do you have anymore pictures you can post?
Yes it is beautiful , both in design and build .I'll try and get Wayne to make an appearance and fill you all in on the details.It was running V4 but it's now a Toyota 2 Litre (that's hard to say...unblown so far)He was at Bonneville this year , the car stayed home.
Al's tank is looking a treat, will lift the spirits of everyone out there.
Wayne's car was running a 'b' engine, but that died before it even left the test track which was a disappointment.
Will be back this year with avengance, this time running a later model 4 cylinder.
Chuck Sharpe will be in attendance as well.
Cheers, and like Wayne Say's, keep plugging away, don't worry about what anyone else is doing, you'll get there, and it will be all worth while.


Where conceptual and technological constraints once forced researchers to examine living systems one small slice at a time, we can now find complex connections ranging from the basic building blocks of life to public policy. The Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech is at the forefront of this scientific evolution, applying a deeply contextual approach to answer some of the most pressing challenges to human health, habitat, and well-being. Our research is interdisciplinary to its core, integrating methods from the life, cognitive, and social sciences, as well environmental studies and infrastructural development. The institute guides emergency response to epidemics, makes urban infrastructure more sustainable, and accelerates the discovery of treatments for chronic diseases. We are pioneers in biocomplexity, the study of life and environment as a complex system. A biocomplexity approach analyzes the interactions between many simple components that combine to produce significant effects on the macro scale. By understanding biology in the context of ecosystems and human-created systems that interact on many levels, we are able to uncover powerful connections between healthcare, security, information networks, and infrastructure.
Note: The Biocomplexity Institute was formerly named the Virginia Bioinformatics Institute (VBI).
An interdisciplinary group committed to continuing the growth and advancing the stature of the existing drug discovery and development programs at Virginia Tech.


text:
Reward, salience, and agency in event-related potentials for appetitive and aversive contexts
Stewardson, Harry J. and Sambrook, Thomas D. (2021) Reward, salience, and agency in event-related potentials for appetitive and aversive contexts. Cerebral Cortex, 31 (11). 5006–5014. ISSN 1047-3211
PDF (Accepted_Manuscript) - Accepted Version
Restricted to Repository staff only until 21 May 2022.
Cognitive architectures tasked with swiftly and adaptively processing biologically important events are likely to classify these on two central axes: motivational salience, that is, those events' importance and unexpectedness, and motivational value, the utility they hold, relative to that expected. Because of its temporal precision, electroencephalography provides an opportunity to resolve processes associated with these two axes. A focus of attention for the last two decades has been the feedback-related negativity (FRN), a frontocentral component occurring 240–340 ms after valenced events that are not fully predicted. Both motivational salience and value are present in such events and competing claims have been made for which of these is encoded by the FRN. The present study suggests that motivational value, in the form of a reward prediction error, is the primary determinant of the FRN in active contexts, while in both passive and active contexts, a weaker and earlier overlapping motivational salience component may be present.
erp,frn,rewp,motivational salience,reward prediction error,cognitive neuroscience,cellular and molecular neuroscience ,/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2800/2805
Faculty of Social Sciences > School of Psychology
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?...
https://academic.oup.com/cercor/advance-...
10.1093/cercor/bhab137


text:
MARCH 18 MEN'S BASKETBALL: UMBC's tournament fairytale ends but memories will last forever
JENNA FRYER / AP Sports Writer
Mar 20, 2018 at 10:27 PM Mar 20, 2018 at 10:27 PM
CHARLOTTE, N.C. (AP) — UMBC's improbable run through the NCAA Tournament was brief. The statement the Retrievers made and their place in history is forever.
For one weekend in March, the tiny commuter school from Baltimore known for its academics and championship-winning chess team captured the hearts of the college basketball world and beyond. UMBC became the first No. 16 seed to knock off a No. 1 in March Madness, a victory over Virginia that made the Retrievers the ultimate Cinderella.
The fairytale came to an end Sunday night in a 50-43 loss to No. 9 Kansas State — heartbreaking because it was a game UMBC could have won, but still satisfying because the Retrievers touched so many people by accomplishing what many thought was impossible.
"We put our name on the map. We gave hope to teams that come to the tournament with lower seeds," said senior guard K.J. Maura. "I think we gave hope to guys that are not even that tall like me. People that feel like they are underdogs in their life, I think we gave hope to everything they want to do in life."
Stephen Curry noticed the team and sent UMBC the sneakers the team wore against Kansas State. The Golden State Warriors had his Curry 5s, which are in limited release, and other swag sent to the team. U.S. Surgeon General Jerome Adams declared the Retrievers "Surgeon General approved" and posted a photo of himself on Facebook wearing a sweatshirt from his alma mater.
NFL quarterback Aaron Rodgers tweeted to UMBC guard Joe Sherburne, who claims to be Rodgers' biggest fan. And for a team addicted to the video game "Fortnite," their dreams were made when Ninja, a popular gamer who recently played against rapper Drake and JuJu Smith-Schuster of the Pittsburgh Steelers, FaceTimed with the team early Sunday.
"They play with passion, they play with heart, they play together," coach Ryan Odom said. "We do things together for one another, and obviously when you have a big win like that (over Virginia) and it's so shocking, you know, people love to see that. They love to see the upset.
"And our guys handled it with grace and understood the circumstances. They weren't pounding their chests or anything. They expected to be here and expected to compete."
When UMBC returned to the locker room following its ouster, Odom had written just one word on the whiteboard. The Retrievers needed a buzzer-beating 3 against Vermont to win their conference title and make the NCAA Tournament, but they showed up believing they could beat Virginia, and the same about Kansas State.
So Odom simply penned "Proud" on the board for his players.
"Just very proud of these kids and what they've been able to do as the representatives that they are for our university," Odom said. "Just captured our country and beyond, to be honest, from a sporting perspective and it's really, really neat to see."
Sherburne said Odom relayed stories from friends who had texted or called from outside the country to rave about UMBC. Near tears after an 0-for-9 shooting night, Sherburne found consolation in the joy UMBC brought to so many.
"From when we beat Vermont until the last two hours were the greatest time of my life," Sherburne said. "What we did, everyone in here, it's the greatest time of our lives."
Odom arrived at UMBC two years ago and inherited a team accustomed to losing. He told them he was going to get them to .500 that first year; they thought he was joking. But slowly the culture changed and the Retrievers did everything Odom told them they could accomplish.
"When I got here, first we were a four-win team that year, and then the next year we went on to win seven games," said graduate student Jairus Lyles. "Then Coach Odom and his staff came in, we won 21 games and this year we had a tremendous season."
Odom doesn't know how far the UMBC program can grow. Those four letters are now synonymous with the biggest upset in college basketball history, but it's a long way from becoming a basketball school.
"UMBC is a unique place — lot of high achieving kids on campus," Odom said. "We want guys that want to be great from a basketball perspective and want to play after college. But, at the same time, we want folks that are highly motivated academically that want to do great things past basketball. Because the air goes out of the ball at some point for everybody."


A bibliography, sometimes, is taken to be a list of all those sources you looked at for the assignment. This list, also attached to the back of your assignment, contains all those books, articles, website, and so on, you cite in your assignment but also those ones you consulted but didn't actually cite/reference within your assignment.
Your lecturer will indicate whether they wish to have a reference list and a bibliography attached to the back of your assignment. However, in the main, most subjects require only a reference list. If you are unsure, check with your lecturer.


text:
Breaking! $7,500 Reward Offered After Radio-Collared Wolf Was Illegally Shot & Killed In California
Home » Breaking! $7,500 Reward Offered After Radio-Collared Wolf Was Illegally Shot & Killed In California
Yesterday, the Center for Biological Diversity increased the reward for information leading to a conviction for the illegal killing of a radio-collared wolf in California, OR-59, who had traveled there from Oregon in December 2018.
Earlier this week, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service released a statement announcing a $2,500 reward while publicly revealing for the first time that the wolf's death was an unlawful shooting. With the Center boosting the amount by $5,000, the reward is now at $7,500.
"We grieve the senseless and illegal killing of this precious wolf," Amaroq Weiss, a West Coast wolf advocate at the Center, said in a statement. "This loss is a terrible blow to wolf conservation in California. It underscores why our endangered wolves need the strongest possible protection at both state and federal levels."
This most recent killing is one of several dozen in recent years jeopardizing the recovery of West Coast wolves in California, Oregon, and Washington.
OR-59, a one and a half year old radio-collared male wolf from Oregon moved into California in early December 2018. On December 5th, a rancher observed the wolf feeding on a calf carcass in northern Lassen County, but an investigation determined that the wolf had not killed the animal. After OR-59's radio collar emitted a mortality signal, state wildlife officers found OR-59 dead along County Road 91 in Modoc County. A formal investigation by the Service revealed that the animal had been illegally shot and killed with a .22 caliber weapon.
Fewer than a dozen known wolves now live in California, including a few lone wolves and the Lassen pack. The Lassen pack was confirmed in 2017 and their range spans Lassen and Plumas counties.
The seven-member all-black Shasta pack, the state's first in nearly 100 years, disappeared from Siskiyou County within months after its discovery in 2015, following the pack's implications in two animal casualties and amid fears of poaching.
Gray wolves are protected as an endangered species under state and federal law. The maximum penalty for violating the federal Endangered Species Act is one year in jail and a $100,000 fine per individual.
WAN Exclusive With Sergeant Locke About A Tragic Case Of Illegal Coyote Trapping In Massachusetts; Animal Legal Defense Fund Offers $5,000 Reward
Tips to Avoid Extra Calories in Your Coffee


text:
HomeUncategorizedLithuania denies entry to reps of Russian 'compatriots foundation', Moscow vows response
Lithuania denies entry to reps of Russian 'compatriots foundation', Moscow vows response
December 27, 2016 BNS EN Uncategorized 0
RIA/Scanpix
Border guards on December 15 stopped the two Russian nationals at Vilnius Airport and sent them back to Russia. The incident was not made public until the Russian Foreign Ministry issued a statement last Friday. Lithuanian diplomats confirmed this to BNS later in the day.
"Two Russian nationals were denied entry to Lithuania based on the Migration Department's decision to place them on the list of persons banned from entering the country," Kęstutis Vaškelevičius, spokesman for the Lithuanian foreign minister, told BNS.
"All legal procedures were followed in taking this decision. If these individuals do not agree with the decision, they can appeal it under Lithuanian law," he said.
The two Russians are members of the Foundation for Supporting and Protecting the Rights of Compatriots Living Abroad, which Lithuanian intelligence agencies have repeatedly described in their reports as a political tool used by Moscow to build a negative image of Lithuania and incite tensions among national minorities.
Maria Zakharova, spokeswoman for the Russian Foreign Ministry, said on Friday that "it is deeply regrettable that Lithuanian officials obsessed with Russophobic sentiment are so sensitive to contact between Russian NGOs and Russian nationals abroad that they will resort to any provocation to disrupt their events".
"These anti-Russia actions will certainly affect already tense Russian-Lithuanian relations and will not be left without a response," she said.
The diplomat said that the Russians had traveled to Vilnius at the invitation of local Russian organizations to participate in a conference.
Lithuanian intelligence agencies said in their 2015 report that the foundation, established by the Russian Foreign Ministry and Rossotrudnichestvo, a federal agency subordinate to the ministry, had financed two organizations in Lithuania, namely the Center for Protection and Research of Fundamental Rights and the Independent Center for Human Rights.
According to the report, members of these organizations accused, during international events, Lithuania of violating the rights of ethnic communities and participated in pro-Russian propaganda campaigns against the United States and NATO.
Kęstutis Vaškelevičius EN
Maria Zakharova
Migration Department
NATO EN
Propaganda EN
Rossotrudnichestvo
Russian NGO
This decision will be the 2nd geopolitical catastrophe for Russia and will be very beneficial for Lithuania
April 18, 2022 lrytas.lt Defence, Nordic/Baltic, Top 0
This is because the accession of Sweden and Finland would make the Alliance dominant in the Baltic Sea, undermine the defence of the Kaliningrad region, and force Russia to re-plan how it will protect St […]
Lithuania's pivotal role in the struggle for democracy
February 5, 2018 NED president Carl Gershman and MP Zygimantas Pavilionis CORPORATE, Opinion 0
What an extraordinary thing Lithuania is doing – the initiation of a process of national awakening and democratic renewal at a time when Lithuania's national consciousness is already awake and your democracy is vibrant, forward-looking, […]
Opinion: Putin shoots Russia in the foot, again
December 9, 2015 Kestutis Girnius Opinion 0
There had been no doubt that Russia would respond vehemently to the downing of its military plane and would do everything to punish Turkey. Moscow did not waste any time introducing various economic sanctions and launching a fierce anti-Turkish propaganda campaign. […]


can someone tell me what this is about?!
Question: Can someone tell me what this is about?
Your choice, natural always best route. Do your own research. Guess who really controls the FDA.
Internet, product web sites. Gov't. web sites, International trials & studies. Plain old common sense!


text:
Student eConnection
Online student self service upgrade improves navigation
Posted by news
Faculty entering mid-term grades and students preparing to register will notice some changes to Joe'SS thanks to a recent upgrade to a new version of the "self-service" PeopleSoft Student Administration System.
Although the online screens look nice, the changes are more than cosmetic. The upgrade to version 8.9 stabilizes many of the problems in the older version and provides improved user navigation.
"UMR is one of the first universities to go live outside of a beta testing site," says Laura Stoll, UMR registrar and upgrade project manager. "We began the upgrade process in July 2005 and completed it on our go-live date, Jan. 17."
Improved navigation is the biggest benefit to the upgraded system, Stoll says, but new added features include "Student Center" and "Faculty Center" pages. These portal-like pages contain a person's most frequently accessed information as well as easy links to other pages.
The upgrade project is a joint effort of the registrar's, cashier's and admissions offices working with University of Missouri System AITS programmers and CedarCrestone consultants.
Stoll says it was a significant undertaking.
"Oracle (owners of PeopleSoft) purchased 100 T-shirts and I gave them away to people involved with the project, both here and in Columbia. Of the 100, I gave away 92. That's a lot of people working together, which is also the theme of the T-shirt."
In addition to the PeopleSoft upgrade, the registrar's office also installed a new version of its degree audit program and Resource 25. The degree audit program provides an interactive, easier-to-read audit report and Resource 25 is room-scheduling program that interfaces with PeopleSoft.
"Eventually we hope to make the Resource 25 webviewer available online so people can easily request classrooms that have the features they need," Stoll says.
On March 13, 2006. Posted in News
S&T researcher receives $1.5 million Department of Defense grant to increase robustness of hypersonic vehicles
Missouri S&T alumnus named vice provost, dean of the College of Engineering and Computing
Missouri S&T events highlight Black History Month
'Steeling the show': S&T metallurgists awarded second $2 million grant
'Black Girls Do STEM' founder Cynthia Chapple to speak at S&T
Maxine Martin on Missouri S&T alumnus named vice provost, dean of the College of Engineering and Computing
David G. Sizemore on Missouri S&T alumnus named vice provost, dean of the College of Engineering and Computing
Jim Kreilich on S&T spacecraft design expert discusses the viability of interstellar travel
Jeff Waller on Oak Ridge National Laboratory leader offers advice to Missouri S&T Ph.D. graduates
Laura Studyvin on Missouri S&T selected for Nationwide Eclipse Ballooning Project
Sports Headlines
S&T takes four events on second day at Principia Relays
Miner track team finishes weekend at Principia with two more wins
Miners begin homestand with a 79-68 victory over William Jewell
S&T starts slow, falls to Cardinals
Five firsts highlight first day for Miners at Principia Relays
Events (1,782)
Top Headlines (920)
College of Engineering and Computing (774)
College of Arts, Sciences, and Business (695)
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The PayneGroup Numbering Assistant is a paragraph numbering utility.
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to flatter and slim your face. A hairstyle featuring sleek, long lines will help your face seem more slim. You can even include lowlights and highlights that assistance frame the face. These are rather lovely and highlight the functions of your face.When using heat to the hair make sure to lessen the direct exposure and utilize the correct protective products. Heat not only dries hair out but also causes split-ends. By utilizing these heat-activated products you are safeguarding your hair from heat damage and keeping it glossy and soft.Beauty Your food options affect the texture and tone of your skin and hair. Appeal will come from the inside and work its escape!
Nutrition is a fundamental part of any diet plan, and you need to ensure your body is getting the proper amounts of minerals and vitamins it requires. Make certain each meal is complete of entire grain food and substances which contain the required amounts of zinc, protein, and iron for your health and appearance.Don't forget your eyelashes when it comes to appeal. Offer your lashes more volume by using a lengthening mascara, one is that is water resistant ideally.
There are numerous mascaras out there that claim they will give your lashes more volume and curl. Try to prevent heavy or oil formulas. The only thing this sort of mascara does is weigh your lashes down. Some extending solutions make your lashes look longer and improve their natural curl. Your lashes will look thicker and have an upward curl to them.There are a lots of various appeal treatments and regimens but they do share some fundamental points. They do vary in their strategies and kinds of items. By utilizing good sense and research, you can discover which ones work best for your skin and body along with which ones fit your spending plan.


China is beating the US in the race to build infrastructure to support 5G wireless, according to a report fro Deloitte Consulting.
China is beating the US in the race to build infrastructure to support 5G wireless, according to a report.
The country is said to have outspent the US by $24 bilion over the past three years, and gone on to build ten times more sites to support 5G communications.
According to the Deloitte Consulting report, China has built 350,000 new mobile phone tower sites, compared to the less then 30,000 build in the US.
Meanwhile, it also added more sites over a three month period last year than the US did in the previous three years.
The report points out that whichever nation is the first to adopt the nex generation of communications will experience "disproporrtionate gains" over "an era of untapped econoic potential".
It should be noted that it's around 35% cheaper to install the required equipment in China compared to the states.
If the latter is to compete with China, Deloitte suggests tweaking its policy to cut down deployment time, while encouraging carriers to collaborate and implementing a database of both statistics and best practices.


Which is best to marketing Facebook, Twitter & Google+?
Link authority is a measure of the effect or power of a link.
Can anyone explain me what is main purpose of PPC ?
Which ia good CMS wordpress or jhoomla ?
You should use some SEO tool to check the compitator backlinks ..
Does Guest Blogging really Help?
what is main purpose of sitemap and why we use it...??
Dont know count exact..but i know some basic techniques in SEO webmaster which has been shown below.
Please can you tall me what is main purpose of XML sitemap ?
Why we create XML sitemap ?
The main goal in Google Analytics is allow you to track the user interaction on your website.
301 redirect is permanent redirect from one URL TO another URL.GOOGLE(search engine site visitors move from one URL to another URL.
can anyone explain me what is exactly guest blogging and what are its purpose ?
I have question regarding the keyword density.Can you please tell me what is exactly keyword density and how to calculate the keyword density?
Would you like to tell ,me what is exactly the difference between google webmaster and google analytics ?
What is the use of Sitemap?
Sitemap is basically map that contain information of all located resource on a website.
I suggest some websites that will really help you a lot..