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The Psychoanalytic Study of Dreams
Fourth Year Adult Psychoanalytic Training (APT)
2021-22, 1st Trimester — Fridays, 1:45-3:15pm
Charlotte Malkmus, MA LMHC
Julie Wood, MA
Additional Optional Readings for a longer course on dreams:
October 22, 2021 — Foundations for Dreams in Psychoanalysis: Freud and Jung
October 29, 2021 — Dreams in the context of Ego Psychology and Object Relations
November 5, 2021 — Dreams as "Transitional Phenomenon"
November 12, 2021 — Dreams' Function of Affect Integration
November 19, 2021 — Dreams in a Contemporary, Intersubjective, and Interpersonal Context
In this course we will explore dreaming from the perspective of different psychoanalytic models of the mind. To keep our discussions connected to your analytic work, please bring dreams from your clinical work, which you believe illustrate the concepts in our readings and or dreams you find particularly perplexing.
Each of the learning objectives for this course will serve to further and deepen the associate's analytic work leading to improved treatment outcome.
Grenell, G. (2002). The Termination Phase of Psychoanalysis as Seen Through the Lens of the Dream. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 50(3):779-805.
Dreams can reveal an analysand's readiness for termination. Dreams of graduation, funerals, people or objects separating, self-examination (capacity for self analysis) may all be preconscious reference to termination.
Lansky, M.R. (1990). The Screening Function of Post-Traumatic Nightmares. Brit. J. Psychother., 6(4):384-400.
The compulsion to repeat can be seen as a wish from the ego, originally overwhelmed, as preparing itself in both dreams and repetitive acts to replay and eventually to master overwhelming traumatic experiences. Soldiers, returning from battle, experienced dreams as though they were flashbacks – exact replays. But, on careful examination the nightmares were not exact replicas and some contained material from early family experiences. Viewing the dream as exact replicas of battlefield experience, when they clearly were not, must be seen as an aspect of the disguise function of the dream, a screen to prevent the dream from being too troubling and too connected to ongoing painful and conflicted material, past and present, embedded with guilt and shame. The rationalization that the nightmare has nothing to do with one's life experiences is used to prevent the dream experience from integration into the entire continuity of one's life, childhood, and military experience.
The nightmares clearly have a screening function to conceal from awareness infantile trauma and its residuals. Most of the patients were raised in families where marital strife, physical violence, and alcoholism were rife. The handling of intense shame and rage by placing it on the battlefield is rationalized as coming from the battlefield only and not connected to one's entire life.
Mancia, M. (1999). Psychoanalysis and the Neurosciences: A Topical Debate on Dreams. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 80(6):1205-1213.
Dreams allow old experiences to be reconsidered in the present allowing new meaning to be assigned to past experiences.
Watson, R.I., Jr. (1994). The Clinical Use of the Analyst's Dreams of the Patient. Contemp. Psychoanal., 30:510-521.
The analyst's dream involving the patient can represent (1) neurotic conflict in the analyst; (2) a transient identification with the patient; (3) the mind of the analyst attempting to symbolize and integrate (understand) the patient; (4) a containing function of the projections from the patient with the analyst identifying with the projected disavowed parts of the analysand's mind. Also, the dream may be a representation of the current interpersonal action in the analysis.
Freud, S. (1900). The Interpretation of Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume IV (1900): The Interpretation of Dreams (First Part), pp509-631
This is a very long read! Every year we ask CA's if it is still worthy of assigning and every year it is a resounding YES. This paper is the foundation of many of Freud's ideas.
Dreams are initiated in the unconscious. For subjective awareness to occur, the dream must break through the repression barrier and be modified by: condensation, reversal, displacement, symbolic transformation, (Dream work) to make it acceptable for the preconscious. Secondary revision occurs upon awakening, remembering, and telling the dream as coherent images. Dreams are not logical and are timeless. Freud repeatedly emphasizes that the dream work only processes. It does not think. The manifest dream is a collage of sensory impressions, both recent and indifferent, made from the day residues and serving to express an unconscious, infantile wish that had been stirred up by a current conflict or a preconscious worry. The dream work leads to self-deception. The mind alters ideation to keep itself from being too disturbed.
Later in the course we will explore how psychoanalysis also adopted some of Jung's perspective on dreams. This occurred decades after the schism between Freud and his protégé, Carl Jung. By this time, there were separate Jungian institutes and the ongoing feuds among schools of psychoanalysis prevented any credit being given to the ideas Jung shared with Freud. Briefly, Jung approaches dreams as communications, messengers from the unconscious, and the manifest content is not as quickly dismissed.
Brenner, C. (1982). The Mind in Conflict, International University Press, pp180-193
Brenner applies the concept of conflict theory to dreams with particular emphasis on the defense mechanisms used to attenuate painful affects: anxiety, guilt, shame, and depression. The dream is a compromise formation.
Segal, H. (1983). The function of dreams. In Lansky, M. (Ed.), Essential Papers on Dreams, New York University Press, pp239-248
Hana Segal organizes her understanding and interpretations of dreams and interpretation around the action between self and object representations. Affect combined with the use of projection and projective identification results in the splitting of the representation of the object. The ego may identify with this part-object representation. Symbols may be experienced as a "thing" and not symbolic (concrete thinking).
Greenson, R. (1970). The exceptional position of the dream in psychoanalytic practice, Psychoanalytic Quarterly: 39:519-49.
Working with dreams facilitates free association through a comfort with the unconscious. The immediate visual/affective experience of dreams allows the patient to see the unconscious, thus interpretations are more readily accepted as are the disguised, hidden unconscious affects, wishes, and prohibitions.
Molinari, E. (2008). Dreams: A ≪Transitional≫ Area from the Body of Experience to the Body of Thought. Ital. Psychoanal. Annu., 2:157-169.
Dreams occur in a transitional space from the experience of the body to the area of thought. Dreams are shared between the analyst and analysand and are visual, affective experiences of past scenes either imagined or remembered. They can be unconscious memories of primitive sensorial experiences during analytic regression similar to a small child and its mother. The field of the preverbal, relational experience and early proto-affective traces may be in the transference and referenced in dreams.
Quinodoz, J. (1999). 'Dreams that Turn Over a Page' Integration Dreams with Paradoxical Regressive Content. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 80(2):225-238.
Even though disturbing images and affects are experienced in a dream, the dream may still indicate forward movement in the treatment.
Grenell, G. (2008). Affect Integration in Dreams and Dreaming. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 56(1):223-251.
The dream provides a psychological space wherein overwhelming, contradictory or highly complex affects that, under waking conditions, are subject to dissociative splitting or disavowal may be brought together for observation by the dreaming ego. The "me/not me" quality of the dream contributes to the creation of the dream space where play, creativity, and self-analysis can develop. New self and object representations and new relational scenarios may be revealed in dreams, demonstrating the development, integrative, creative aspects of the dreaming process.
Atlas, G. (2013). Eat, Pray, Dream: Contemporary Use of Dreams in Psychoanalysis. Contemp. Psychoanal., 49(2):239-246.
Atlas, a contemporary relational analyst, presents four dreams that demonstrate the movement from concrete to symbolic process. The paper is an illustration of dream work as a transitional play space that leads to growth in the patient.
Gaines, R. (1994). Interpersonal and Jungian Dream Interpretation. Contemp. Psychoanal., 30:855-867
Jung was presumed the heir apparent to Freud's psychoanalytic legacy. While his ideas originally built upon classical psychoanalysis, his analytic psychology gave more weight to relational ideas and the interpersonal school of psychoanalysis approaches dreams much more like Jung.
Stolorow, R. Atwood, G. (1992). Dreams and the subjective world. In Lansky, M. (Ed.), Essential Papers on Dreams, New York University Press, pp272-294.
The concrete perceptual images in the dream can lead to the dreamer's feeling of conviction about the validity of past traumatic experience and the need for dissociation and disguise—perceiving is believing. The dream affirms and solidifies the nuclear organizing structures of the dreamer's subjective life. Type 1-dream symbols are the customary creation of a neurotic mind with clear configuration of self and other. Type 2 dream symbols are more about maintaining psychological organization, restoring the vulnerable structures to prevent disintegration. At these times the analyst must be experienced as real, not as if. An empathic attunement that serves to maintain the cohesion of the self leads to the experience of the self and analyst as real. Dreams can consolidate and stabilize new structures and subjectivities of the analysand.


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The 1988 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during August and September with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 17 September 1988.

The winner Make History won £30,000 and was trained by Johnny Quigley, owned by Paul McKinney & John Kelly and bred by Ramie Dowling (a former Kilkenny hurling star). The race was sponsored by the Kerry Group's dog food product 'Respond' for the first time.

Final result
At Shelbourne, 17 September (over 550 yards):

Distances
¾, ¾, 3¼, neck, 5¾ (lengths)

Competition Report
After many years of Carrolls sponsorship the Kerry Group took over advertising their Respond dog food product so the event would be known as the Respond Irish Derby. Leading the entries was the 1987 Puppy Derby champion and 1988 English Greyhound Derby finalist Make History (trained by Johnny Quigley) and the 1987 Irish Greyhound Derby finalists Randy and Ardfert Sean.

In the first round Randy was fastest in 30.36 sec, justifying large ante-post bets but there was bad news for Satharn Beo who had to be retired following a serious wrist injury. In the second round it was the turn of Ardfert Sean to impress timed at 30.08. Randy and Make History also won.

In round three Make History, Randy and Ardfert Sean all completed another victory. The three semi-finals saw Randy catch Make History on the line in 30.32 and then Ardfert Sean defeated Manorville Magic in 30.44. The last semi resulted in the 1,025 yards TV trophy runner-up Chicita Banana come home ahead of the English challenger Odell Schooner in 30.33. Chicita Banana had been bought by Harry Findlay and would soon be on the way to John 'Ginger' McGee.

In the final Make History showed first from Randy and Manorville Magic whilst Ardfert Sean missed his break. Randy challenged Make History at the third bend but was cut off allowing Manorville Magic to overtake Randy but it was too late for him to catch Make History.

See also
1988 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year

References

Greyhound Derby
Irish Greyhound Derby

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg showed off a pair of gloves the company's Oculus division is developing that will work with its virtual reality headset. The product is still in development, but VR is one area where Facebook is heavily investing.
Oculus also recently lost a lawsuit that accused it of using another company's technology unlawfully, so showing off new tech in development is a smart way to distract from that. But as The Verge points out, VR gloves aren't the best hand tracking option out there.
Lyft poaches mapping expert: Luc Vincent, who headed Google's "Street View" team, has joined the ride-hailing company to lead its mapping engineering efforts after 12 years at the search giant.
Mapping is not only integral to Lyft's ride-hailing service, but it's also central to self-driving technology, which the company is working on in partnership with General Motors. While GM is handling much of the car hardware development, one area where Lyft's expertise can come in handy is mapping given all the data it gathers through its customers' rides.


assist you in avoiding credit card fraud.
unusual, but you decide then and there to set the bill aside.
$10.87 credited to a company in Moscow, Russia.
and issues you a new card and number.
North America who were charged small amounts on their cards by a Russian group.
transaction. Also, don't let websites store your card number.
Never give out your social security number to third parties.
your paperwork in a safe place until unneeded, then shred it!


The following are highlights and outcomes of previous elections for the Board of Directors, displayed in reverse chronological order. The next election will happen in 2012.
The 2012 election was the second election for the board, and the first to utilize the proper process that the first board put into place. For detailed information please see Board of Directors/2012 Election.
The 2009 election was the first ever election held. For detailed information please see Board of Directors/2009 Election.


Thought I should let you know we were unable to collect donations today for Lurch. at the Shop ride due to a small attendance. A pretty awful day in Melbourne. We felt it better to wait for the July ride and we will advise after that date.
I like your shortened name, Chopz, a lot like mine Lindz.
Sorry I missed you last night on the VRN. Matty wanted a hart to hart on the phone lol.
I here your unable to ride with us on this tassie tour. I hope you will still be able meet up somewhere and give us a big hug, I miss your big ugly scone.
Say hi to Bel for us.


A guide to restaurants in California organized cuisine served.
Where to find restaurants serving international cuisines in California. Incudes African, Asian, European, Oceania, and Pan American restaurants in many different parts of California.


Few scientists have done as much as Professor Trevor Cox, University of Salford (Manchester, UK) in helping us understand which sounds are really, really bad. So, his work is key to bringing you another Full-on, Aural Assault Wednesday.
Read more on the painful sounds study at ABC. Alltop and humor-blogs.com are music to anyone's ears. Thanks to Boonie for the Tasmanian Devil pic.
But seriously babies crying would top my list.
I don't have much time to torture cats these days, as our house is filled with the screech of screaming babies.
A phalanx of bagpipers has been dispatched to both of your homes, to brighten up your day.


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Jason Ball	in Apple Computer, Other	 June 3, 2007 568 Words
Migrate from .Mac to Gmail in three steps
It's almost that time of year again- the annual "Do I keep .mac, or do I leave it" decision. I've had a mac email address since the iTools days when it was all free. After years of paying my mac tax, I've decided to leave .mac and migrate to my own domain (hosted within my gmail account).
Google lets you manage your own domain effortlessly. I've set up a Google Apps account for jasonball.com which lets me manage about 100 emails on the jasonball.com domain.
The key here is I'm reading and managing everything from within one unified inbox at my gmail account (could have been from within the jasonball.com/gmail account, but I already use most Google products through my existing gmail account).
Google have made it dead easy to migrate from any service. For .mac there are three steps:
Step One– Move *all* your messages into your Inbox. This includes your sent messages. Although Google won't register sent messages in your gmail inbox, nor in your gmail "sent" folder, it does add them to your archive- with the right date AND threading. This makes it easy to import all your inbox and sent messages- making them easily searchable.
Step Two– Go to the Settings>Accounts>Get mail from other accounts. Add .mac (even though it refers to POP accounts). You'll need to input your username, password and these pop server details: mail.mac.com, port 995, select "use secure connection", select "archive incoming messages" and you're off to the races.
I chose to leave the messages on .mac just in case I change my mind over the next five months. Google only loads 200 messages at a time, so it will take a while for all your emails to automagically appear in gmail (but they will and the time stamps will all be correct also.)
Step Three– There is no step three! (well, maybe some cleaning up, select as read/filing/tagging you might want to do, but not required. You might also want to uncheck that "auto renew" button for your .mac account).
Why leave .mac? Well, aside from calling it .crap for years…
I don't use the blogging tools (I use TypePad).
I don't use the photo albums (I use Flickr Pro).
I don't use iDisk other than for backup- and a total of 2GB doesn't get you very far (I now use Mozy, which offers 2GB for free, but pay the $50 per year to back up my entire HD).
I don't use the iSync bookmarks feature I use Google Browser Sync and Delicious.
.Mac costs me about $150 per year (I have my wife, mom and dad on the service so it costs more than the standard $99). My current set up costs me about $75 net per year (Typepad gets offset with Adsense)- and I get much, much more for my money.
Other small details: .mac's spam filter is pitiful. I had to buy Spamsieve a while back (excellent software) which meant that I had to read emails in my Mail.app. Google has caught every spam message that .mac missed. Also, the tight integration with calendar is great as well (i.e. there's an event mentioned in an email and a "add to calendar" appears to the right of the message.
Any questions or problems doing the same, drop me a line: blog at jasonball dot com.
Mahalo- the human powered search engine [Updated]
Bubbles, bubbles, everywhere!
3 thoughts on "Migrate from .Mac to Gmail in three steps"
Ryan Off says:
Jason, great comments. The only reason why I am keeping my .mac account is because I like to use the Sync feature to keep my desktop and laptop Address Book and iCal in Sync. I also occasional direct people to my .mac online published iCal calendars so they can schedule a time.
Do you know another way to Sync the Address Book and iCal effortlessly between two computers without using .mac?
Jason Ball says:
You can subscribe to your Google Calendar in iCal- which then gets offloaded onto a phone, ipod, etc. Your Google Cal will by nature be the same in both the laptop and desktop.
You can upload your address book to Google with a couple of utilities sprinkled around the net. Once that's done- just use Google's address book.
It's not as pretty as Apple's Address Book, but just as functional.
Now the Question is- how do you get your address book off Google and into your phone… I don't have an answer to that one…but i'd bet $1 million that it will be part of an iPhone app…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Q: Strange behaviour with serial connection sending byte[] I'm using the following code to try and send a byte array to my arduino but I'm getting strange results. Can anyone see what the issue is? I'm trying to make it so that the Arduino will print out the bitstring sent via serial. Debug output below
    package org.dnsdojo.ryanhost.GA.MuPlusOne;

    import gnu.io.CommPort;
    import gnu.io.CommPortIdentifier;
    import gnu.io.SerialPort;
    import gnu.io.SerialPortEvent;
    import gnu.io.SerialPortEventListener;

    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;

    /**
     * This version of the TwoWaySerialComm example makes use of the
     * SerialPortEventListener to avoid polling.
     *
     */
    public class TwoWaySerialCommTest
    {
            static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
            static Condition outputAvailable = lock.newCondition();
            static Condition inputAvailable = lock.newCondition();
            public volatile byte[] inputBuffer = new byte[1024];
            public volatile byte[] outputBuffer = new byte[1024];

            public TwoWaySerialCommTest()
        {
            super();
        }

            public void put(byte[] buffer)
            {
                    try
                    {
                            lock.lock();
                            int i = 0;
                            for(; i < buffer.length; i++ )
                            {
                                    outputBuffer[i] = buffer[i];
                            }
                            System.out.println((byte) '\n');
                            outputBuffer[i] = (byte) '\n';
                            i++;
                            for(; i < outputBuffer.length; i++ )
                            {
                                    outputBuffer[i] = 0;
                            }
                            System.out.println("Output buffer after put");
                            for(int j = 0; j < outputBuffer.length; j++)
                            {
                                    System.out.print(outputBuffer[j]);
                            }
                            outputAvailable.signal();

                    }
                    catch(Exception e)
                    {
                            System.out.println("Exception for lock in put");
                            e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    finally
                    {
                            lock.unlock();

                    }
            }

        void connect ( String portName ) throws Exception
        {
            CommPortIdentifier portIdentifier = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifier(portName);
            if ( portIdentifier.isCurrentlyOwned() )
            {
                System.out.println("Error: Port is currently in use");
            }
            else
            {
                CommPort commPort = portIdentifier.open(this.getClass().getName(),2000);

                if ( commPort instanceof SerialPort )
                {
                    SerialPort serialPort = (SerialPort) commPort;
                    serialPort.setSerialPortParams(57600,SerialPort.DATABITS_8,SerialPort.STOPBITS_1,SerialPort.PARITY_NONE);

                    InputStream in = serialPort.getInputStream();
                    OutputStream out = serialPort.getOutputStream();

                    serialPort.addEventListener(new SerialReader(in , inputBuffer));
                    serialPort.notifyOnDataAvailable(true);

                    (new Thread(new SerialWriter(out , outputBuffer))).start();

                }
                else
                {
                    System.out.println("Error: Only serial ports are handled by this example.");
                }
            }
        }

        static void listPorts()
        {
            java.util.Enumeration<CommPortIdentifier> portEnum = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers();
            while(portEnum.hasMoreElements())
            {
                    CommPortIdentifier portIdentifier = portEnum.nextElement();
                    if(portIdentifier == null)
                    {
                            System.out.println("No ports");
                    }
                    System.out.println("Available - " + portIdentifier.getName());
            }
        }

        /**
         * Handles the input coming from the serial port. A new line character
         * is treated as the end of a block in this example.
         */
        public static class SerialReader implements SerialPortEventListener
        {
            private InputStream in;
            byte[] buffer;

            public SerialReader ( InputStream in )
            {
                this.in = in;
            }

            public SerialReader (InputStream in, byte[] buffer)
            {
                    this.in = in;
                    this.buffer = buffer;
            }

            public void serialEvent(SerialPortEvent arg0) {
                lock.lock();
                    int data;

                try
                {

                    int len = 0;
                    while ( ( data = in.read()) > -1 )
                    {
                        if ( data == '\n' )
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                        buffer[len++] = (byte) data;
                    }
                    //inputAvailable.signal();
                    //outputAvailable.signal();
                }
                catch ( IOException e )
                {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    System.exit(-1);
                }
                finally
                {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }

        }

        /** */
        public static class SerialWriter implements Runnable
        {
            OutputStream out;
            volatile byte[] buffer;

            public SerialWriter ( OutputStream out )
            {
                this.out = out;
            }

            public SerialWriter ( OutputStream out, byte[] buffer)
            {
                    this.out = out;
                    this.buffer = buffer;
            }

            public void run ()
            {
                    while(true)
                    {
                            lock.lock();
                            try
                        {
                            outputAvailable.await();
                            System.out.println("Waking up");
                            int i = 0;
                            if (this.buffer != null)
                            {
                                    System.out.println("Buffer isn't empty");
                                    for (int j = 0; j < buffer.length; j++)
                                    {
                                            System.out.print(buffer[i]);
                                    }
                                    System.out.println();
                                    while(buffer[i] != ((byte)'\n') && i < buffer.length -1 )
                                    {
                                                    System.out.println(buffer[i]);
                                            this.out.write(buffer[i++]);
                                            System.out.print(buffer[i-1]);
                                            buffer[i-1] = 0;
                                    }
                                    this.out.write((byte) '\n');
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                    System.out.println("Buffer is null");
                                    System.out.println(this.buffer.toString());
                            }
                        }
                        catch ( IOException e )
                        {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                            System.exit(-1);
                        }
                        catch(Exception e)
                        {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }

                            finally
                            {

                                    lock.unlock();
                            }
                    }
            }
        }

       /* public static void main ( String[] args )
        {
            try
            {
                (new TwoWaySerialCommTest()).connect("/dev/ttyS82");
            }
            catch ( Exception e )
            {
                TwoWaySerialCommTest.listPorts();
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
*/

    }

Debug output for TwoWaySerialCommTest
10
Output buffer after put
11101101010101110000010110001001100001110011000011010101101111001010101010101010010000000111110001101001011101011000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Waking up
Buffer isn't empty
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

Each of the following on a separate line ( can't format it properly here)
1
11
11
10
01
11
10
01
10
01
10
01
10
01
11
11
10
00
00
00
00
01
10
01
11
10
00
00
01
10
00
01
11
10
00
00
00
01
11
11
10
00
01
11
10
00
00
00
01
11
10
01
10
01
10
01
11
10
01
11
11
11
10
00
01
10
01
10
01
10
01
10
01
10
01
10
01
10
01
10
00
01
10
00
00
00
00
00
00
01
11
11
11
11
10
00
00
01
11
10
01
10
00
01
10
01
11
11
10
01
10
01
1

Arduino output -
[encoded data, 7374 characters]

Arduino Sketch -
String serialData = "";
int readByte = 0;

void setup()
{
Serial3.begin(57600);
Serial.begin(57600);
}

void loop()
{
//Serial3.print("test\n");
delay(5000);
getSerial();
delay(1000);
//Serial3.print("supertest\n");
delay(5000);
getSerial();
delay(1000);
}

void getSerial()
{
while (readByte != '\n')
{
readByte = Serial3.read();
if(readByte < 230 )
{
  serialData += readByte;
}
else if(readByte <= 0)
{
 break;
}
}
if(serialData.length() > 0)
{
Serial.println(serialData);
}
serialData = "";
readByte = 'a';
}

A: Im guessing youre not connecting your computer to the rxtx3 pins on your arduino, so reading from these wont give you anything. (Arduino prints -1 when no serial is available)
Try switching to " readByte = Serial.read(); " in your getSerial() while loop.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Sergej Michajlovitsj Romanov (Russisch: Сергей Михайлович Романов) (Bordzjomi, 7 oktober 1869 – Alapajevsk, 17/18 juli 1918), grootvorst van Rusland, was de vijfde zoon en het zesde kind van grootvorst Michaël Nikolajevitsj en diens echtgenote, Olga Fjodorovna. Zijn vader was de zoon van tsaar Nicolaas I en de broer van tsaar Alexander II.

Grootvorst Sergej had een carrière in het Russische leger. Hij stond bekend als een artillerieofficier die zo enthousiast was dat het leger grote tekorten had op de munitievoorraden. Hij vocht tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog aan het front, waar hij voor het eerst niet overschaduwd werd door zijn intelligente, oudere broer, grootvorst Nicolaas Michajlovitsj.

Tijdens de Russische Revolutie werd Sergej gevangengenomen en door de bolsjewieken naar Alapajevsk, een kleine stad in de bergen van de Oeral, gezonden. Daar werd hij enkele maanden vastgehouden met een aantal familieleden: grootvorst Constantijn Konstantinovitsj, grootvorst Igor Konstantinovitsj, grootvorstin Elisabeth Fjodorovna, grootvorst Ivan Konstantinovitsj en Vladimir Palej. In de nacht van 17 op 18 juli 1918 (24 uur na de moord op Nicolaas II en zijn gezin) werden de gevangenen door de bolsjewieken vermoord. Sergej was toen 48 jaar oud. Hun lichamen werden door het Witte leger teruggevonden in een verlaten mijnschacht. Ze werden uiteindelijk herbegraven in de Kerk van de Martelaren in de buurt van Peking, China.

Grootvorst (niet regerend)
Huis Romanov
Rusland, S


text:
Our top golf courses
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Golf Country Club Oudenaarde
Category36 hole
LocationFlanders
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Amidst the historical site of the impressive 19th century Petegem castle, Golf & Country Club Oudenaarde offers golfers of any level two captivating 18 holes.
Golf Oudenaarde is located in the heart of the "Flemish Ardennes".An area of beautiful panoramas, wooded hills, winding streams and picturesque villages. Golf Country Club Oudenaarde offers 2 golf courses : The Kasteel (PAR 71) and Anker (PAR 72) courses are located in the romantic undulating landscape of the Flemish Ardennes, a paradise for hikers and cyclists. Natural water hazards and a strategic bunkers are defending the greens and offer a perfect balance between skills and leisure to every golf player, amidst the ancient trees in the castle's park and the soft curving meanders of the old river Scheldt.
The Kasteel course starts with the superb hole overlooking the castle's lake, hole 1 'Captain's Drive', and ends with a fantastic hole 18: par 5 'Victory Lane', with a breathtaking view at the clubhouse and its inviting summer terrace!
Golfarchitect Dimitri VAN HAUWAERT has renovated the Kasteel course and made of it a superb and consistent park course, with a wide diversity and challenges for every golfer. Strategic bunkers and various water hazards are defending the greens of this par 71 course.
Golf Country Club Oudenaarde, Belgium
Course Anker starts at 'Chalet Baziel' with a 'friendly' par 5 and presents a superb finish with its 18th hole par 3 over the castle's lake, with a magnificent sight towards the 19th century castle, the clubhouse. Course Anker presents 7 newer (opened 09/2007), breathtaking holes, alongst and over the old meanders of the river Schelde. A romantic small stream will challenge you whilst attacking the green…
After the peace and quiet of the course the stately clubhouse will welcome you for a light lunch or quick bite in the Kasteel Bistro and for a business lunch or gourmet dinner in the restaurant. You're also in the right place at Golf Country Club Oudenaarde if you want to organise an event or seminar. Meet and party in style In the beautiful rooms and reception spaces of the castle!
Domain of Petegem Castle
The castle grounds also contain the ruins of one of the oldest castles in Flanders. A charter of Charles the Bald, who visited in 864, indicates that the castle was inhabited by Frankish kings of the second dynasty. Later, the Petegem manor was sold to the Count of Flanders, who converted it into the so-called "Old Castle". 1 kilometre downstream his wife founded the Abbey of St. Clara, also called Beaulieu, which stood there until the end of the 18th century. Its remains, which were artfully restored, can be seen from Course Kasteel.
The new castle was built in 1847 in a neo-classical and neo-Renaissance style on commission from Baron Auguste Pycke of Peteghem, a former officer in Napoleon's army. Many of its paintings on canvas, framed in salon panelling, came from the Old Castle.
Breathe the atmosphere of the days of yore at Golf & Country Club Oudenaarde!
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This section collects a number of frequently asked questions concerning the administration of a StratusLab cloud infrastructure. If there are other questions that you would like to see treated here, please contact StratusLab support.
After the power outage the nodes hosting the virtual machines must be restarted. If this has not happened automatically, ensure that all of the nodes have rebooted.
Connect to each of the nodes to ensure that all of the iSCSI mounts are present.
If the links are not correctly mounted (bad links will blink in the list), then the easiest way to recover this is simply to reboot the machine again.
Once you have verified all of the iSCSI links on all of the nodes, then you must log into the frontend machine as oneadmin . As this user, you can then force OpenNebula to restart all of the machines in the unknown state.
After this, all of the VMs should return to the running state and again be accessible from the network. Any machines that don't restart are probably lost and will have to be killed and a new instance created.
By default, libvirt and KVM provide a generic CPU processor to virtual machines. For computing intensive applications, access to more advanced CPU capabilities (CPU "flags") can make an enormous difference in the efficiency of a calculation. Consequently, the generic CPU profile provided by libvirt and KVM is inadequate for these applications.
Most modern processors have the advanced CPU capabilities that numerical applications need. The only problem is how to get libvirt and KVM to expose these capabilities to the hosted virtual machines?
Unfortunately, libvirt does not provide a mechanism for passing arbitrary options to the underlying hypervisor. However, the call to the hypervisor can be wrapped to provide the additional options.
This additional option will allow the host CPU specification to be passed directly to virtual machines, allowing all of the advanced capabilities of the host processor to be used.
The wrapper script must be installed on all of the nodes of the StratusLab cloud infrastructure. This script is named /var/lib/one/bin/qemu-start.sh below; change this value as necessary.
on the frontend node of your StratusLab cloud infrastructure.
The relevant capabilities are in the "flags" part of the response.
Occasionally when debugging problems with virtual machines it is useful to use virt-manager via X11 to bring up the machine console. The default configuration unfortunately makes the keyboard mapping completely useless. To fix this, you must use the -k option when starting virtual machines with QEMU.
To do this, follow the same procedure as for exposing the CPU flags above and add the -k en-us option to the qemu command line. This will cause the keyboard mapping to always be a US English. You may use other language values, although the US English is the safest default.


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text:
What is Cmax pharmacokinetics?
August 12, 202251
What is Cmax pharmacokinetics? A pharmacokinetic measure used to determine drug dosing. Cmax is the highest concentration of a drug in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or target organ after a dose is given. End. Term(s)
Is Cmax a pharmacokinetic parameter? Abstract. The three classical pharmacokinetic parameters used to assess bioequivalence, AUC (total area from zero to infinity), Cmax (peak plasma concentration), and tmax (time to reach Cmax), are suitable to determine the extent and rate of absorption of immediate-release drug products.
What affects Cmax of a drug? Common factors that affect plasma levels of a drug could include the size of the molecule and its fat solubility; the patient's gastric pH, physical health or age, and the presence of other medications or foods that may expedite or slow absorption from the gastrointestinal tract into general circulation or alter the
What is Cmax and Tmax in pharmacology? Definition: The time it takes for a drug to reach the maximum concentration (Cmax) after administration of a drug that needs to be absorbed (e.g. an oral drug). Tmax is governed by the rate of drug absorption and the rate of drug elimination. At Tmax, these are equal.
What is Cmax pharmacokinetics? – Additional Questions
Is a higher Cmax better?
For drugs with short elimination half-lives, or short fastest disposition half-lives if the drug concentrations follow a higher compartmental model, Cmax/AUC is the best characteristic, but for drugs with long elimination or fastest disposition half-lives tmax can be superior to Cmax/AUC.
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What is a good Cmax?
the time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmaxc) is 1–3h, and the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) is typically 1–3μgmL.
What is Cmax and CMIN?
Cmin is the opposite of Cmax, the maximum concentration that the drug reaches. Cmin must be above certain thresholds, such as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), to achieve a therapeutic effect. In most cases Cmin is directly measurable.
What does the C in Cmax stand for?
Cmax is the maximum (or peak) serum concentration that a drug achieves in a specified compartment or test area of the body after the drug has been administered and before the administration of a second dose.
What is t1 2 in pharmacology?
Half-life (t1/2) refers to the time required for plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%. t1/2 is dependent on the rate constant (k), which is End. to Vd & clearance (CL).
What is peak plasma time?
Peak plasma concentrations after an oral dose is approximately 1 h. It is distributed rapidly to all tissues and exhibits an elimination half-life of 3–12 h. It is eliminated primarily in the form of metabolites, but 5–25% of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine.
How is Cmax calculated?
Getting the estimate of Cmax (peak concentration) and Tmax (peak time) from the observed data. (Cmax = 35 µg/ml and Tmax = 4 h).
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What is considered good bioavailability?
One way to resolve this problem is to define "reliable bioavailability" as positive bioavailability results (an absorption meeting a predefined criterion) that include 84% of the trial subjects and "universal bioavailability" as those that include 98% of the trial subjects.
Is Tmax the same as half-life?
The absorption half-life can be used to predict the time (Tmax) of peak concentration for many drugs. Because the peak occurs when drug absorption is equal to drug elimination it happens before drug absorption is complete. An approximate way to predict Tmax is at 3 times the absorption half-life.
What does it mean if a drug has a half-life of 4 hours?
What is a drug's half-life? The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of a drug's active substance in your body to reduce by half. This depends on how the body processes and gets rid of the drug. It can vary from a few hours to a few days, or sometimes weeks.
What is AUC of a drug?
In pharmacology, the area under the plot of plasma concentration of a drug versus time after dosage (called "area under the curve" or AUC) gives insight into the extent of exposure to a drug and its clearance rate from the body.
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How many half lives before a drug is cleared?
Even further, 94 to 97% of a drug will have been eliminated after 4 to 5 half-lives. Thus, it follows that after 4 to 5 half-lives, the plasma concentrations of a given drug will be below a clinically relevant concentration and thus will be considered eliminated.
Which drug has the longest half-life?
Drugs that have a long half-life include
Xanax (alprazolam): A longer-acting benzodiazepine, Xanax has a plasma-elimination half-life of around 11 hours. Librium (chlordiazepoxide) is an even longer-acting benzodiazepine drug.
How do you speed up drug elimination?
In the treatment of poisoning with some drugs, the acidity of the urine is changed by giving antacids (such as sodium bicarbonate) or acidic substances (such as ammonium chloride) to speed up the excretion of the drug.
A medication's biological half-life refers simply to how long it takes for half of the dose to be metabolized and eliminated from the bloodstream. Or, put another way, the half-life of a drug is the time it takes for it to be reduced by half.
Why is half-life called half-life?
The name Half-Life was chosen because it was evocative of the theme, not clichéd, and had a corresponding visual symbol: the Greek letter λ (lower-case lambda), which represents the decay constant in the half-life equation.
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