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Geographic and demographic variabilities of quantitative parameters in stress myocardial computed tomography perfusion
Korean J Intern Med. 2017;32(5):847-854
Korean J Intern MedJournal ArchiveKorean J Intern Med. 2017;32(5)
Publication date (electronic) : 2017 July 28
doi : https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2016.012
Jinoh Park1, Hyun-Sook Kim2, Hye Jeon Hwang3, Dong Hyun Yang4, Hyun Jung Koo4, Joon-Won Kang4, Young-Hak Kim1
1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
2Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
3Department of Radiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
4Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Correspondence to Hyun-Sook Kim, M.D. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang 14068, Korea Tel: +82-31-380-3979 Fax: +82-31-386-2269 E-mail: hearthsk@hotmail.com
Received 2016 January 4; Revised 2016 January 19; Accepted 2016 January 22.
To evaluate the geographic and demographic variabilities of the quantitative parameters of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium in patients with normal coronary artery on computed tomography angiography (CTA).
From a multicenter CTP registry of stress and static computed tomography, we retrospectively recruited 113 patients (mean age, 60 years; 57 men) without perfusion defect on visual assessment and minimal (< 20% of diameter stenosis) or no coronary artery disease on CTA. Using semiautomatic analysis software, quantitative parameters of the LV myocardium, including the myocardial attenuation in stress and rest phases, transmural perfusion ratio (TPR), and myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI), were evaluated in 16 myocardial segments.
In the lateral wall of the LV myocardium, all quantitative parameters except for MPRI were significantly higher compared with those in the other walls. The MPRI showed consistent values in all myocardial walls (anterior to lateral wall: range, 25% to 27%; p = 0.401). At the basal level of the myocardium, all quantitative parameters were significantly lower than those at the mid- and apical levels. Compared with men, women had significantly higher values of myocardial attenuation and TPR. Age, body mass index, and Framingham risk score were significantly associated with the difference in myocardial attenuation.
Geographic and demographic variabilities of quantitative parameters in stress myocardial CTP exist in healthy subjects without significant coronary artery disease. This information may be helpful when assessing myocardial perfusion defects in CTP.
Keywords: Myocardial CT perfusion; Quantitative parameter; Geographic variability; Demographical variability
Evaluation of not only anatomic obstructive lesions of the coronary artery but also the functional significance of the lesions is important when determining the treatment strategy for ischemic heart disease [1,2]. Revascularization of reversible myocardial ischemia based on thallium single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been used to improve the clinical outcomes of patients [1], although medical therapy has shown a treatment efficacy comparable to that of revascularization in small myocardial ischemia lesions involving less than 10% of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium [3]. Therefore, the use of functional imaging to assess myocardial ischemia is an emerging topic. Stress myocardial computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is one of the diagnostic tools used to detect myocardial ischemia, and is attracting attention because of its accuracy, convenience, and non-invasiveness [4].
Myocardial contrast enhancement can be evaluated by visual and quantitative analysis. Although visual analysis is the principal form of analysis used, an objective evaluation of CTP can be conducted by quantitative assessment of the ischemic burden of the myocardium [5]. Multiplanar reconstructions and minimum intensity projections of the LV myocardium have been used to compare myocardial perfusion defects with the level of perfusion of the normal myocardium. The transmural perfusion ratio (TPR) is derived from a comparison of the endomyocardial attenuation to that of the subepimyocardium [6]. The TPR shows good correlation with SPECT and invasive coronary angiography [7]. Both visual and quantitative analyses are based on an assessment of the attenuation of the contrast-enhanced LV myocardium; however, these methods can be disturbed by certain variables, including anatomical attenuation, gender-specific differences, different computed tomography (CT) scanner-derived factors, and CT artifacts [8-11]. One study has shown that the LV perfusion in the rest phase measured in asymptomatic patients was significantly higher in women than in men [10]. In 64-detector row CT, the normal myocardial perfusion in the LV myocardial septum showed higher attenuation than in the lateral and inferior walls [9]. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to identify the different attenuations of the LV myocardium according to demographic differences, and the myocardial segment, using a second-generation dual-source CT scanner in patients with normal or minimal coronary artery disease on computed tomography angiography (CTA).
From a multicenter static CTP registry of dual-source CT, which is a prospective registry of all patients who underwent CTP for the evaluation of chest pain, we retrospectively recruited 113 patients with normal CTP on visual assessment and minimal (< 20% diameter stenosis) or no coronary artery disease on CTA.
CT imaging
Stress-rest myocardial CTP protocols were performed using a second-generation dual-source CT scanner (Definition Flash, Siemens, Forchheim, Germany). Adenosine (Denosine, BCWP, Seoul, Korea) infusion (140 mg/kg/min for 5 minutes) was performed with retrospective electrocardiography-gated acquisition (Fig. 1). A bolus of iodinated contrast material (60 to 70 mL, iomeprol; Iomeron 400, Bracco, Milan, Italy) was injected at a rate of 4.0 mL/sec. Then, 40 mL of a saline chaser was given. Ten minutes after the infusion of adenosine was discontinued, isosorbide dinitrate (Isoket Spray, UCB Pharma, Monheim, Germany) was sprayed into the oral cavity of the patient. Rest myocardial CTP was performed using the same protocol as that used for stress myocardial CTP. To reduce the radiation dose, the dose-pulsing window was reduced to 60% to 75% if the heart rate decreased to less than 70 beats/min after the adenosine infusion was stopped. The tube current-time product was modified in accordance with the body size of the patient. A smooth reconstruction kernel (B10f) was applied for perfusion imaging in both stress and rest CT data.
Protocol for computed tomography perfusion (CTP). After 5 minutes of intravenous (IV) adenosine infusion, the stress phase of myocardial CTP was initiated with IV infusion of contrast material. Ten minutes after stress myocardial CTP, the rest phase of myocardial CTP was initiated after administration of an oral spray of nitrate puff. The total time for the myocardial CTP imaging protocol was approximately 25 minutes. ECG, electrocardiography.
Quantitative analysis of CTP
LV myocardial attenuation was measured and analyzed using customized software (A-view Cardiac, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea). The mid-diastolic phase of the CT data was used for the analysis. After semiautomatic segmentation of the LV myocardium, the mean attenuations of the 16 myocardial segments were measured at both stress (Densitystress) and rest (Densityrest) phases (Fig. 2). TPR was calculated for each segment as the ratio of the subendocardial attenuation density to the subepicardial attenuation on short-axis images of the LV myocardium [5]. Myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) was calculated as the percentage difference in attenuation between stress and rest myocardial CTP images in each segment, as follows: (Densitystress − Densityrest) / Densityrest × 100%.
Short-axis slice of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium showing the semiautomatic methods for segmental and geographic myocardial evaluation. (A, B) The borders of the LV myocardium were drawn to demonstrate the endomyocardium to epimyocardium region. (C, D, E, F) The values of myocardial attenuation and transmural perfusion ratio (TPR) were automatically obtained.
Continuous variables are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. Using Student t test, the myocardial attenuations in all segments were compared according to the anterior, septal, inferior, and lateral; apical, mid, and basal; and left anterior descending artery, right coronary artery, and left circumflex artery territories. Pearson correlation was used to identify any clinical factors related to the differences in myocardial attenuation. To evaluate gender differences in myocardial attenuation, Student t test was used. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the myocardial attenuation and clinical variables such as age, body mass index (BMI), and Framingham heart score (FHS). A p value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. All statistical analyses were performed using commercially available software SPSS version 22.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA).
Patient characteristics
A total of 113 patients (aged 60 ± 9.5 years, 57 men) with normal CTP on visual assessment and minimal or no coronary artery disease were included in the present quantitative analysis. Patient characteristics are described in Table 1. Among them, 56 patients had hypertension and 20 patients had diabetes. No patient had pulmonary disease or LV dysfunction.
Patient characteristics (n = 113)
Geometric variations in quantitative parameters
The mean attenuations of the 16 myocardial segments in both rest and stress phases were displayed on a bull's eye map (Fig. 3). The mean attenuation of the myocardium was higher in the stress phase than in the rest phase (Fig. 4). All quantitative parameters except MPRI were significantly higher in the lateral wall than in the anterior, inferior, and septal walls (Table 2). The myocardial attenuation in the rest phase (104 ± 18 Hounsfield unit [HU]) was significantly higher in the lateral wall than in the anterior (95 ± 17 HU), septal (98 ± 25 HU), and inferior (98 ± 18 HU) walls. Even in the stress phase, the attenuation was significantly higher in the lateral wall (127 ± 19 HU) than in the anterior (120 ± 19 HU), septal (120 ± 27 HU), and inferior (121 ± 18 HU) walls. The TPR of the lateral wall was also higher than that of the other walls. No significant differences were observed in the MPRI of each myocardial wall, and consistent MPRI values were observed among the myocardial walls (anterior to the lateral wall: range, 25% to 27%; p = 0.401). These attenuation differences were also similarly noted in comparison with the coronary artery territories. The left circumflex arterial territory showed significantly different attenuation and TPR values than those shown by the left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery territories in both rest and stress phases.
Normal myocardial attenuation in (A) the rest phase and (B) the stress phase in all patients.
Attenuation of the (A) total and (B) endomyocardial wall in the rest and stress phases. All p values for the comparison of the measurements of the rest and stress phases are statistically significant (p < 0.001). HU, Hounsfield unit.
Mean attenuation and quantitative parameters of the LV myocardium on myocardial computed tomography perfusion
Regarding the levels of LV myocardium, the myocardial attenuation at the basal level was significantly lower than that at mid-level and apical level in both rest and stress phases. The TPR was also significantly lower at the basal level.
Demographic variations of quantitative parameters
Among the binary clinical variables, gender had a significant effect on the values of all parameters except MPRI (Table 3). The myocardial density was higher in women than in men in both rest and stress phases. Compared with men, women had significantly higher values of myocardial attenuation in both rest and stress phases, and also had higher TPR. There were no significant differences in all quantitative parameters irrespective of the presence of diabetes or hypertension, and smoking status. Multivariable regression analysis performed to evaluate the relationship between myocardial attenuation and linear clinical variables showed that age, BMI, and FHS were significantly associated with the difference in the myocardial attenuation (Table 4).
Assessment of the relationship between the rest phase myocardial attenuation and clinical factors (binary variables)
Univariate and multivariable regression analysis to assess the relationship between the rest phase and the stress phase myocardial attenuation and clinical factors (linear variables)
The findings of the present study indicate significant differences in the quantitative parameters of stress myocardial CTP in healthy subjects without coronary artery disease, according to geometric and demographic variables. The lateral wall of the LV myocardium showed a significantly higher attenuation and the basal level of the LV myocardium showed a lower attenuation than that shown by the other levels. The TPR was also higher in the lateral wall than in the other walls and was significantly lower at the basal level. However, there were no significant differences in the MPRI of the myocardial walls. In terms of gender-specific differences, myocardial attenuation was significantly higher in women than in men. By multivariable analysis, age, BMI, and FHS were significantly associated with myocardial attenuation. By considering the normal variabilities in the quantitative parameters of the CTP derived from the influence of these geographic and demographic parameters, confusion between true ischemia and normal variation can be prevented, and the diagnostic performance of CTP can be improved.
The results of our present study are in accordance with those of previous studies that reported variabilities in myocardial attenuation in CTP according to geometric and sex parameters [9,10,12]. However, the reasons for these variabilities are unclear. One possible explanation is that the BMI of women is lower than that of men. BMI is independently related to myocardial attenuation. Considering the differences in body size and blood volume between genders, a lower BMI and lower blood volume may cause faster circulation in the myocardium, resulting in high myocardial attenuation. We can presume that the reason for the differences in the myocardial perfusion in CTP between the sexes in our current analysis also explains the differences in the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of ischemic heart disease between the sexes [13]. Similarly, estrogen affects the vascular tone in women [14]. In a previous report that adjusted for patient size and body surface area, no difference was observed in myocardial enhancement in CTP according to gender [9]. Decreased contrast e nhancement with an increase in BMI is a well-known phenomenon associated with obesity [15]. Thus, adjustment of the amount of contrast medium might be required for consistent enhancement of the myocardium, with consideration of the age, sex, and BMI of the patient. Regarding FHS, which showed a negative relationship with myocardial attenuation by multivariable analysis, we postulate that the presence of microvascular lesion that cannot be detected by CTA would affect the myocardial perfusion.
In a previous study, Crossett et al. [12] have reported that the lateral wall showed significantly lower attenuation in the normal LV myocardium in CTP. However, they measured LV attenuation by using a rectangular region of interest and did not follow the American Heart Association 17-segment model. Moreover, they did not measure the attenuation differences between the subendocardial, mid-myocardial, and subepicardial layers. As we included the entire LV myocardium and used dedicated software, the differences in our results from those of the previous study might be expected.
The present study had several limitations. First, we did not correlate the CTP results with those of other functional imaging modalities such as SPECT or stress echocardiography. Therefore, the perfusion pattern in individuals with a normal coronary artery may not be applicable to other perfusion imaging results. Second, our results might not be applicable to those of other CT scanners with low temporal resolution or other CTP protocols such as the rest-first protocol. However, our findings of normal differences in the geometric and demographic variables will help in the interpretation of CTP results. Third, we did not consider whether β-blocker use would affect coronary artery blood flow and, thus, myocardial perfusion. Fourth, our study is a retrospective analysis, which may have resulted in a selection bias. Older individuals can be expected to have a greater degree of diastolic dysfunction, which could result in microvascular dysfunction and less hyperemia on adenosine, manifesting as a lower myocardial attenuation on CTP.
Despite these limitations, we included a large study population and evaluated the variability of myocardial attenuation on CTP. Moreover, via a comparison of stress and rest myocardial attenuation, TPR and MPRI values in the normal CTP were thoroughly evaluated. Notably, the TPR also showed geometric and demographic variability. However, the MPRI did not show any significant variability. As the MPRI has been shown to be useful in other modalities such as cardiac magnetic resonance [16], further studies of its usefulness in CTP would be worthwhile. If the MPRI is shown to be effective in the evaluation of myocardial perfusion, its features could conceivably be used in the assessment of CTP without the need to consider geographic and demographic factors.
In conclusion, the lateral wall and basal level of the LV myocardium shows significantly different quantitative parameters from those of the other regions. Myocardial attenuation can vary with the gender, age, BMI, or FHS of the patient. This information may be useful for the assessment of myocardial perfusion defects in CTP.
KEY MESSAGE
1. Stress myocardial computed tomography perfusion (CTP) in patients without coronary artery disease shows higher quantitative parameter values (myocardial attenuation, transmural perfusion ratio [TPR]) in the lateral wall of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium and lower quantitative parameter values (myocardial attenuation, TPR, myocardial perfusion reserve index) at the basal level of the LV myocardium.
2. Stress myocardial CTP in patients without coronary artery disease shows higher attenuation of the LV myocardium in women than in men.
3. There is a significant correlation between the attenuation of the LV myocardium and certain clinical variables, namely, age, body mass index, and Framingham cardiovascular risk score.
4. Consideration of normal variabilities in the quantitative parameters of stress myocardial CTP caused by these geographic and demographical parameters will be useful in the assessment of CTP.
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Copyright © 2017 The Korean Association of Internal Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Age, yr 60 ± 9.5
Male sex 57 (50.4)
Body mass index, kg/m2 25.4 ± 2.7
Body surface area, m2 1.72 ± 0.22
Hypertension 56 (49.6)
Diabetes mellitus 20 (17.7)
Dyslipidemia 53 (46.9)
Never-smoker 45 (39.8)
Ex-smoker 22 (19.5)
Current-smoker 12 (10.6)
Total cholesterol, mg/dL 175.8 ± 36.5
Triglyceride, mg/dL 134.7 ± 67.2
LDL-C, mg/dL 111.8 ± 31.8
HDL-C, mg/dL 50.5 ± 13.4
Framingham risk score 14.8 ± 11.3
Mild 19 (16.8)
Moderate 22 (19.5)
Severe 22 (19.5)
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
LDL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Densityrest, HU
Densitystress, HU
MPRI, %
Mean ± SD
LV wall < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.082
Anterior 95 ± 17 120 ± 19 0.90 ± 0.09 27 ± 19
Septal 98 ± 25 120 ± 27 0.97 ± 0.19 24 ± 18
Inferior 98 ± 18 121 ± 18 0.89 ± 0.09 25 ± 18
Lateral 104 ± i8 127 ± 19 1.02 ± 0.09 26 ± 19
LV level < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
Basal 90 ± 19 110 ± 20 0.90 ± 0.17 22 ± 18
Mid 105 ± 19 130 ± 20 0.99 ± 0.11 27 ± 19
Apical 104 ± 19 130 ± 19 0.99 ± 0.10 28 ± 19
Coronary territory < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.198
LAD 97 ± 23 121 ± 25 0.93 ± 0.17 26 ± 18
RCA 98 ± 19 120 ± 21 0.92 ± 0.12 24 ± 18
LCX 104 ± 18 127 ± 19 1.02 ± 0.09 26 ± 19
LV, left ventricular; HU, Hounsfield unit; TPR, transmural perfusion ratio; MPRI, myocardial perfusion reserve index; LAD, left anterior descending artery; RCA, right coronary artery; LCX, left circumflex artery.
MPRI
Sex < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.311
Male 92.01 ± 13.27 114.55 ± 12.79 0.964 ± 0.015 27.04 ± 17.93
Female 106.89 ± 15.28 130.25 ± 13.77 0.947 ± 0.028 23.88 ± 14.85
Diabetes 0.908 0.793 0.179 0.795
Yes 98.92 ± 20.02 121.48 ± 15.86 0.960 ± 0.013 26.58 ± 21.80
No 99.48 ± 15.23 122.51 ± 15.38 0.955 ± 0.026 25.23 ± 15.24
Hypertension 0.083 0.070 0.594 0.490
Yes 95.74 ± 16.45 119.68 ± 14.98 0.96 ± 0.018 25.56 ± 18.34
No 101.98 ± 15.42 124.94 ± 15.50 0.955 ± 0.029 24.40 ± 14.50
Smoking 0.756 0.757 0.475 0.693
Yes 100.83 ± 18.15 121.16 ± 11.54 0.959 ± 0.023 22.86 ± 15.96
Dyslipidemia 0.216 0.489 0.712 0.205
HU, Hounsfield unit; TPR, transmural perfusion ratio; MPRI, myocardial perfusion reserve index.
Univariate
Multivariable
95% CI
Rest phase
Age, yr 0.045 0.05 to 0.67 0.023 0.612 0.19 to 1.03 0.005
BMI, kg/m2 0.209 -3.61 to -1.59 < 0.001 -2.159 -3.56 to -0.76 0.003
TG, mg/dL 0.030 -0.09 to 0.01 0.088
HDL-C, mg/dL 0.005 -0.15 to 0.32 0.481
LDL-C, mg/dL 0.019 -0.17 to 0.04 0.195
FRS 0.078 -0.75 to -0.05 0.026 -0.364 -0.72 to -0.01 0.047
HR, /min 0.000 -0.30 to 0.38 0.825
SBP, mmHg 0.009 -0.08 to 0.25 0.328
DBP, mmHg 0.034 -0.58 to 0.00 0.052
Stress phase
Age, yr 0.073 0.15 to 0.74 0.004 0.667 0.31 to 1.03 < 0.001
BMI, kg/m2 0.327 -4.16 to -2.31 < 0.001 -2.873 -4.08 to -1.67 < 0.001
HDL-C, mg/dL 0.045 0.02 to 0.47 0.036
The r2 was 0.286 for the three significant parameters obtained by multivariable regression analysis.
CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; FRS, Framingham risk score; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.


Live Happy: Give Happy – Goodthink Inc.
Tips for smart, meaningful giving and receiving this holiday season.
Before you go racing out to the mall to pick up a new oversized reindeer sweater for Aunt Sally and a set of drums for your 4-year-old nephew (fun for him, not so much for your brother and his wife), here is a holiday shopping guide based on the science of happiness that might help.
Scientifically, the greatest predictor of happiness is, by far, social support—the breadth, depth and meaning in your relationships. So consider giving gifts that are activities, like a special evening at the local ice rink complete with hot chocolate and marshmallows. Unlike a physical gift, this experience gives you a chance to spend quality time with friends or family and strengthen your bond.
The key is to use these moments to really connect and converse more deeply than you normally do with other people. This reminds our brains of the deep social support that fuels our own happiness as well as theirs.
The difference between momentary pleasure and long-term positive memory is based on the ability to savor, or mentally return to, an event or feeling. A gift that causes a spike in happiness at the moment but that you can't remember even a week later is analogous to going on a fantastic vacation that you won't recall.
For a friend, perhaps buy him or her a coffee mug with a picture of something meaningful so the day starts with a positive reminder—the key is to pick a present that will continue to focus the recipient's attention on positive, happy moments.
It's normal to sometimes wish that we could give a better present than we can afford. Stanford professor Carol Dweck, Ph.D., calls the phenomenon of focusing on what we don't have "deficit mindset," and it robs the present (and our presents) of joy.
Instead, we should cultivate a positive mindset by focusing on the facts that we have someone whom we care about so much that we want to give him or her a nice gift and more resources than some people in this world.
We've all heard that it's better to give than receive, but the saying misses an important corollary: How you receive matters (a lot) to the giver's happiness.
Think about it: We're happier when others are excited about our gifts and respond with joy and gratitude. So by subtly changing our ego-driven thoughts of guilt to "I am so grateful to her not only for the present, but also the friendship it represents," we fuel greater levels of happiness for both the giver and ourselves.
That way, when Aunt Barbara surprises you with a matching reindeer sweater, you can be genuinely grateful for her love—and the adorable pictures the two of you can take together to cherish for years to come.


Venezuela's fortunes have undergone a dramatic slump in recent years. The country has oil reserves at least on a par with the Middle East in general, and greater than Saudi Arabia in particular. Rather than being wildly prosperous and a world economic leader, that economy is instead the fastest-contracting in the world. The country also has the second highest murder rate, terrible shortages of food, medicine and basic human necessities, and if you think things are still bad here post-2008 and heading for another crash, at least the UK doesn't have a 1000% inflation rate. Nor does it cost you more to buy a litre of water than a litre of oil.
President Nicolas Maduro has been described as a dictator by his critics, who note how unwilling he is to listen to any opposition – or even allied – criticism. He also currently considers the country to be under something of a financial 'blockade' from the US sanctions following the redraft of the country's constitution. To combat this, he has announced his intention to launch the country's own cryptocurrency – "Venezuela will create a cryptocurrency…the 'petro' to advance in issues of monetary sovereignty, to make financial transactions and overcome the financial blockade", he said, in one of his weekly broadcasts to the nation.
Although the announcement – on an all-singing, all-dancing show including copious Christmas programming and lasting five hours – contained no specifics, the currency could, in theory, be more than adequately backed up by precious metal, gemstone, and oil and gas reserves. It isn't without criticism, however, with the opposition pouring scorn upon it. Creating a digital currency will need approval from congress, and in its current state, there's no guarantee Venezuela's 'petro' will ever launch.
The financial sanctions from the US have really hit Venezuela hard. The country has lost the ability to move money with ease through international banks, and compliance departments the world over are viewing any transactions even with tenuous links to Venezuela with particular scrutiny. This hits oil exports hard as well as slowing financial transactions, and it's perhaps no surprise that looking towards a cashless, digital economy not linked to a currency makes sense, especially with cryptocurrency taking the world stage as an established force – and even ending the year being traded on futures exchanges – during 2017.
Bitcoin is nothing new to tech-savvy Venezuelans looking to circumvent the worst aspects of the country's economy, especially with their own currency in freefall. Just printing more banknotes has led to a 57% depreciation in the bolivar just in December alone, and Maduro's promises don't cut far with a population struggling to feed themselves properly.
Despite Maduro's assertion that "the 21st century has arrived!", there's no guarantee that the petro will even happen, let alone succeed. However, the idea that a digital currency can help a stagnant or sinking economy is an interesting one, and a likely scenario in other countries in 2018.


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Perhaps the most basic network in modern life is the division of labor. It certainly rates alongside family, school, and town. That inexorably leads to a discussion of how resources are allocated within this division, who exercizes power, and what happens when the network meets a seemingly natural or unnatural end. For networks that may appear extremely stable can come to abrupt or scheduled conclusions, when a company goes bankrupt or a school cohort breaks up. This article briefly examines the history of the division of labor, with particular reference to culture and to its internationalization, concluding with a brief discussion of how short-term networks can lead to the exploitation of workers and have a devastating ecological impact.


text:
Thanasis Kontogeorgis
Secretary General for the Coordination of Internal Policies, Presidency of the Greek Government
Thanasis Kontogeorgis graduated from Athens College and then studied Law at the University of Athens. He continued his postgraduate studies in public policy and administration at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He is a lawyer of the Supreme Court and the Council of State, with many years of experience.
Kontogeorgis served as a legal and strategy adviser to the Greek government (2010-2014), providing support to the Prime Minister's Office, to the Minister of Finance, the Ministry of Culture and the General Secretariat of the Government. He was actively involved in the negotiations with the European Commission, the IMF and the ECB as member of the negotiations team and in drafting a number of bills on tax legislation, business and the banking system among others.
He was a member of the Government Private Debt Management Council, and contributed to the formation of a first framework for private debt management. For three years he served as Vice President of the National Supervisory Authority "Accounting Standardization and Audit Committee." In July 2019 Kontogeorgis was appointed by the Prime Minister as General Secretary for the Coordination of Internal Policies at the Presidency of the Government.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you want to understand the basics of what friendships look like and how they change as kids get older, read the chapter on featuring a developmental tour of children and friendships. It clearly explains what is expected from friendships at the different ages and stages.
If you want to understand the importance family plays in establishing a baseline for friendships and social lives, then focus on the chapter about secure attachment. While the authors focus on attachment, they also recognize that every child has their own personality and temperament and that also plays a role in how they interact with the world.
I found the group dynamic chapter extremely helpful in explaining how children and teens behave in a group together. Everyone is subject to the laws of group life (be like your peers, you must belong to a group, be in or be out, find a place in the social hierarchy, you must play a role), and that "good kids" are responding to the same principles as "bad kids". It makes sense to think about universal laws rather than labeling kids as always "bad" or always "good".
The chapter on social cruelty is really interesting, they discuss five types of kids (popular, accepted, rejected, neglected and controversial kids). The book reinforced what I've thought, that we should be focused on the bystanders when trying to help manage bullying.
I think for parents the most important chapter is the last one - "What Parents Can Do". All of their recommendations make a lot of sense. They use the analogy of being a lifeguard - "aware and engaged without being anxious".
They recommend that parents be a good friendship model and teacher - have conversations with your children about friendship, define what it means.
Their recommendation to provide a range of opportunities is smart. What works for one child may not work for another. Some kids just aren't into competitive sports, so you might want to either find a team that is less intense and understands your child's needs, or find other activities like karate, tennis or yoga. Ask your child what they are interested in and see if you can find something.
There is a lot of good information in this book, however you might want to focus on the chapters that matter the most to you and what is going on with your child at the moment. If you want to get a general understanding of the social lives of children, this is a great book to read.
Encourage Play, LLC is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites like this one to earn small advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com.


I am a big fan of Janet Jackson and Tupac's music. However, they are both awful in the boring movie! Tupac is a dog towards women and treats Jackson terribly but she is attracted to him. The two spend the day riding around in his mail truck (he is a mailman in this one) and you can virtually go to sleep and not really miss anything important.
Fans of 'hood' movies should already know that this is a little different from the others.
I clearly see that Singleton had honorable intentions for this film. He stepped away from the easy ghetto flick and goes for something softer but yet deeper. The film is good but it wasn't that great due to it's flaws. When I was younger I thought it was great but now seeing it again I don't know what I was thinking. The overuse of swearing may be necessary and realistic but it is overdone here and spoils many scenes - he could have toned it down a bit and kept realism. Also the plot is very broken down - we have a trip that never seems to get dark but has too much in it for just one day surely? Also each stop is supposed to show us another aspect of `the black experience' other than the protagonist's ghetto existence. However this doesn't work as it makes the film feel aimless and episodic.
The main failing is sadly, my girl Janet. Her infamous smile and corn-rows and floppy hats couldn't really save her, On the other hand it's not her fault - the poems are those of a more mature woman (Angelou - who plays Aunt June) and it just didn't fit her. The clearest example of this is watching her stare into space, rubbing her chest as she `writes' `Phenomenal Woman'. But also she is really poor - she doesn't have the range to make the character believable and the rest of this falls as a result. Continuing the musical theme Tupac is a talent sadly missed. He shines here and, although the swearing etc isn't hard for him he does the more emotional stuff much, much better than Jackson. I can't sing his praises enough - for me he made this watch able. Other musicians include Tone Loc and Q-Tip.....was this some sort of label push? Regina King is poor - her constant talking like a Jerry Springer guest etc is really tiresome and her `partner' Torry is just as bad - whose idea was it to have he constantly brushing his hair for no reason? Was it the only way we would get that he's vain?
Other than that, I feel it was a brave step for Singleton. To me it's just another "Singleton Addition" that I can say that I own.
a liked this film for one thing, it was very harted. and another thing i was in love' so there. but i was not inpress with jannet jackson,s ackting. but 2pac's was good as anyother film.
The good feelings are that, it doesn't get any less entertaining nor exciting since I first watched it. Also there was a great cast to support the film, With Janet in the lead role she played well and at times made you forget she is a music superstar which Tupac had shown in this film,.
Regina King played the part well and well as her boyfriend Chicago which made the scene amusing every time he was in it.
The problems I felt was that, I could feel there was a message in the film not as obvious in Boyz in tha Hood, It was stuck between Janet's personal problems and Society in America. Maybe if John Singleton had tried to stick to one of the subjects it wouldn't have been a lost film. Also There were scenes were Tupac and Jabet try to have a personal moment where they try to share their hearts or pain which could have helped the film in an emotional level which felt like it was rushed for time in scenes or lines were just randomly thrown in to get the couple to like each other from hating each other.
Not a bad video at all, just what I like.
I thoght it was just alright it could been better.
I never liked this movie, and it's not for the same reason that a lot of other people dislike it. People saw the previews to this movie back in '93 and saw Tupac's name and said, "Bet! Gang movie!" That's not what it was...but it wasn't a good movie either.
The title of this movie is actually a play-on-words about Janet's character (she plays a poet named Justice). The plot is really all over the place. It ranges from Justice leaving college to become a hairdresser to her kicking ghetto flava to Lucky (Tupac Shakur), a postal worker she never liked in the first place. After a while Lucky invites Justice, her best friend Iesha (Regina King), and Iesha's man-of-the moment Chicago (Joe Torry) on an overnight delivery run. An overnight postal delivery run. That sounds like a great road trip, doesn't it?
Chicago starts fighting (literally) with Iesha and Justice, which makes Lucky pull over and leave him stranded. When they finally reach the destination, Lucky is informed that tragedy strikes his family, and he ends up blaming Justice for it.
I'm not gonna give this movie props just because it's a John Singleton movie. There were so many problems with it. First of all, why did Lucky blame Justice for his problems? Second, Justice seemed to be arguing with everyone in the movie, and none of the arguments had anything to do with anything (especially when she breaks up the fight between Iesha and Chicago). Speaking of that, a guy named Chicago? What was Singleton thinking?
I want to first off say that I am biased because I love Janet, so perhaps my review is curved in the movie's favor. At age 15, when I first saw this movie, I was very disappointed. I'd hyped myself up about it and yearned for something different. Now I am able to appreciate the movie for what it is -- for all of it's subtlies and deeper meanings. Indeed, I couldn't handle all the cursing and bickering in this film the first time I saw it - but I discovered later in life that many people's lives are just this tumultous and stress filled as the characters in Poetic Justice. With all the chaos and pain around them, the main characters were still desparately trying to carve out some sanity - they were trying to salvage whatever remaining innocence and hope that they had left. Yet both of this maintained a tough exterior - a facade to protect them from their hostile environment.
John Singleton was a very young man when he wrote and directed this film and he had a lot on his mind. Poetic Justice offers reflections on family, community, finding meaning in life, letting go of pain, learning to trust, self reflection, friendships, relationships, superficial vs. real, the generational divide, morality, culture, pride, insecurity, inner peace, prejudice, grief, loss....I can go on and on. Even with Babyboy, Boyz in the Hood and other, it is evident that John has a tendancy to really try to say a great deal in his films - but he doesn't want his films to lose their mass appeal. They always have a deeper meaning if you take the time to look. In Justice, for example, I think John was trying to say a lot by having the Last Poets featured at that Afrocentric Festival with their poem "Niggas are afraid of revolution."
I've rated this movie for 5 stars because this is my favorite movie.
u can c the other site of 2pac in here.
he hasn't the gangster image in this movie,he is sweet and nice and he is playing verry good.
the story on itszelf is also verry good and u c the love that grows between two people (janet and 2pac)and that is verry beautiful.
If u don't feel good and u watch this movie at the end of the movie u feel verry good.
this is the best movie becouse tupac shows his nice site and that is something that people got to c becouse then u get a positive picture of 2pac and the movie is fantastic.
This movie was one of the worst wastes of film and time that I have ever seen.
Back in 1993, it may have seen like a good idea to put then-pop princess Janet Jackson with rapper on the rise 2pac Shakur on a story loosely centered around South Central LA (one scene shows the devastation of the then-recent riots). Sadly, this film is a great mess of nothing, showing the fluke of "Boyz in the Hood's" success.
First of all, Miss Jackson is no actress and much of the film doesn't even make sense. It is never clear why she is so sad and angry. Characters and situations come and go without rhyme or reason, no one in the film (unless you are among the cult of Tupac worshippers) is remotely sympathetic. Janet spouts Maya Angelou's (who appears in a cameo) poetry (trust me, no "Still I Rise" here-this sounds like stuff taken out of her trash can) and goes to Oakland from LA with a motley crew of ignorant, screaming, cursing characters. Incidentally, the Last Poets (the true fathers of rap) make a cameo, but we don't get to hear them!
When I saw this at a theater in Columbia, SC upon its release, the teen and twentysomething audience booed, cursed, and loudly demanded their money back at the end. Wise kids. If you have the stomach to do so, you'll see why.
"Poetic Justice?" Pathetic Junkstice is more like it.


text:
oxy-, -oxia, -oxic
(Greek: sharp, acute, pointed, keen; sour, acid, acidic, pungent)
oximeter (s) (noun), oximeters (pl)
1. An instrument that is used to measure oxygen in something; eudiometer: An oximeter can determine the amount of oxygen in a controlled space, such as an oxygen tank or incubator, as well as in the atmosphere.
2. A photoelectric instrument used for measuring the degree of oxygen saturation: An oximeter can estimate the amount of oxygen in a fluid, such as in blood.
oximetry (s) (noun) (no pl)
In medicine, the method of calculating the oxygen saturation level of hemoglobin in blood: A spectrophotometry is used in oximetry to determine the degree of oxygen in circulating arterial blood, or in a certain area of tissue.
oxisensor (s) (noun), oxisensors (pl)
A noninvasive, electronic device used to determine oxygen concentrations: The oxisensor is applied to a readily accessible place on the body, such as the nose, earlobe, toe, or finger, in order to establish the percentage of hemoglobin in the arterial blood, or the red blood cells that primarily transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues.
oxo-biodegradable (adjective), more oxo-biodegradable, most oxo-biodegradable
Regarding the possibility of certain plastics to expedite the decaying process: Unlike "normal" plastics that degrade and disintegrate very slowly, oxo-biodegradable plastics are manufactured to accelerate the destruction of the plastic product, preferably extending the destruction to the extent where the plastic is mineralized into its basic component elements.
Plastic bags which are oxo-biodegradable retain all of the advantages of normal plastic bags, however they provide effective solutions to the compost and landfill industries with minimal disruption of consumer behavioral patterns.
oxyacanthous (adjective), more oxyacanthous, most oxyacanthous
In botany, flora having sharp spines: Agatha learned in her botany class at college that oxyacanthous plants possessed a structure exhibiting sharp thorns.
oxyacoia, oxyakoia (s) (noun) (no pl)
Increased sensitiveness to noises, occurring in facial paralysis: Oxyacoia can result especially when the stapedius muscle is paralyzed.
oxyacusis (s) (noun), oxyacuses (pl)
An abnormal sensitivity to sounds, sometimes found in hysteria, in which hearing is abnormally acute: Dr. Ashton's patient often felt like screaming because the oxyacusis that he was experiencing was so painful.
oxyalgia (s) (noun), oxyalgias (pl)
A sharp pain: Because Jane was experiencing a very sudden and abrupt twinge in her body, she asked her doctor who diagnosed her as having oxyalgia and sent her to the hospital for further examinations.
oxyaphia (s) (noun) (no pl)
Excessive acuteness of the sense of touch: Because Mary suffered from oxyaphia, particularly when feeling rough surfaces with her finger, she had to wear gloves most of the time, especially when she went shopping.
oxyaster (s) (noun), oxyasters (pl)
A stellate sponge spicule having acute rays: Joan finally found a photo of oxyasters, or sharply pointed structures that were necessary as skeletal elements of the star-shaped sponge.
oxyblepsia (s) (noun), oxyblepsias (pl)
Acuteness of sight; sharp-sightedness: Jack's vision was extremely good because he could detect small objects in the far distance, and his ophthalmologist termed him as having oxyblepsia. due to an increased sensibility of the retina.
oxycarpous (adjective), more oxycarpous, most oxycarpous
Relating to vegetation that has pointed fruit: The Mediterranean herb, the Pimpinella anisum which is quite aromatic, is grown for its oxycarpous seedlike fruits from which a particular oil is obtained.
oxycephalia (s) (noun), oxycephalias (pl)
A conical skull; oxycephaly: Oxycephalia is an abnormal form of the head in which the top part has a pointed shape.
oxycephalic, oxycephalous (adjective); more oxycephalic, most oxycephalic; more oxycephalous, most oxycephalous
Concerning the bony skeleton of the head having a pointed shape: In her biology class at school, Anita learned that oxycephalic or conical skulls in people were caused by a premature closure of the skull sutures.
oxychromatic (adjective), more oxychromatic, most oxychromatic
Descriptive of something that stains readily with acid dyes; relating to oxychromatin: Cell or tissue elements that are oxychromatic are those that have an affinity for acid dyes, such as eosin.
Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "sour, sharp": acerb-; aceto-; acid-; acies- (not "sour"); acuto- (not "sour"); pung- (not "sour").
Showing page 2 out of 6 pages of 89 main-word entries or main-word-entry groups.


The phrase "the cutting room floor" is used to refer to material that never makes it into the completed film. For example, during the editing process, a scene may be deleted from a film. I spent months doing research for The Red Queen Dies, my new near-future police procedural, but some material didn't make it into the book.
This list includes two counties named Albany, in New York and in Wyoming. So, technically, there are thirty-two cities or towns (including a village and several townships) and two counties. Albany is rather popular as a place name. But I managed to resist spending hours visiting websites to find out why those other places are named Albany. But while I was browsing, I did come across a connection between Albany, California and Albany, New York. Albany, California was originally named Ocean View. When they decided to change the city's name, citizens voted to name the city after the birth place of the first mayor, Frank Roberts. Roberts was born in Albany, New York.
Other information about Albany – for example, the Lincoln-Booth connection to Albany (see the Resources on this website in the Police Procedural section) – did turn out to be relevant. But even there, there is much more that can be said. This also holds true for my research on Lewis Carroll, L. Frank Baum, and their books (Alice in Wonderland/Through the Looking Glass and The Wizard of Oz, respectively). Join me next Monday, for my second post about the process of moving from research to draft. Next week, I'll pull out my notebooks and begin to share what I found and how I used it in the book.


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text:
'Fox News' Analyst Predicts Donald Trump Will Testify Under Oath On...
'FOX NEWS' ANALYST PREDICTS DONALD TRUMP WILL TESTIFY UNDER OATH ON LIVE TV IN SENATE IMPEACHMENT TRIAL
In what would be "the most dramatic legal political event in the history of our era," Donald Trump will testify under oath in his own defense, once the impeachment proceedings against him move to the senate for a trial. At least, that's the prediction of Fox News legal analyst Andrew Napolitano, a former New Jersey Superior Court judge. Napolitano delivered his bold prognostication in an apperance on the network Thursday mornin...
inquisitr.com (Date:12/05/2019 21:25) Read full article >>
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Reverting to his usual level of dishonesty, Trump made 81 false claims last week President Donald Trump made just 15 false claims two weeks ago, a holiday week during which he uttered few public remarks... CNN >>
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United States: The United States of America , commonly referred to as the United States , America, or simply the States, is a federal republic[10][11] consisting of 50 states and a federal district. The 48 contiguous states and the federal district of Washington, D.C. are in central North America between Canada an
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Jersey:
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Thursday: Thursday is the fourth or fifth day of the week, between Wednesday and Friday. According to the ISO 8601 international standard adopted in most western countries, it is the fourth day of the week. In countries that use the Sunday-first convention, Thursday is defined as the fifth day of the week. I
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Supreme Court: A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of many legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, instance court, judgment court, apex court, and highest court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of a supreme court are not subject to furth
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Andrew: Andrew is the English form of a given name and surname common in many countries. Andrew is a common name in English-speaking countries. In the 1990s it was among the top ten most popular names for boys in those countries. In Italian, the equivalent to "Andrew" is "Andrea", though "Andrea" is feminin
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Hill: A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. Hills often have a distinct summit, although in areas with scarpdip topography a hill may refer to a particular section of flat terrain without a massive summit .
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New Jersey: New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the U.S. state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey is the 4th leas
Fox News: Fox News Channel , genellikle Fox ya da Fox News adlaryla geen, kablo ve uydudan yayn yapan Fox Entertainment Group'un sahibi olduu Amerikan TV kanal.
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Superior Court: In common law systems, a superior court is a court of general competence which typically has unlimited jurisdiction with regard to civil and criminal legal cases. A superior court is "superior" relative to a court with limited jurisdiction , which is restricted to civil cases involving monetary amou
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10 places to visit that shaped Martin Luther King Jr.'s march in history
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RhubarbStrawberry Cobbler recipe and other raw food recipes updated by our cooking food network top chefs. Fill Free to download and share with your friends and family.
FILLING: In large bowl, combine sugar, flour, cinnamon and orange rind. Add rhubarb and strawberries toss well. Spread mi ture in 13 9 in. (3.5 L) baking dish. Bake in 400F(200C) oven 10 minutes.
TOPPING: In large bowl, combine flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda and salt. Using fingers or two knives, cut in margarine until mi ture resembles small peas. With fork, stir in buttermilk just until soft dough forms. Drop by tablespoonfuls in 12 mounds on top of hot fruit filling. Bake in 400F(200C) oven 25 minutes or until topping is golden brown and has risen.


text:
HOME |	Brazil (Click here for more)
No Means No: Women Say Enough to Sexual Harassment at Brazil's Carnival
SAO PAULO – Not to be kissed by force, not to be cuddled up to from behind and not to be grabbed around the waist without prior consent: Brazilian women have mobilized more than ever this year around the "No means no" movement to put an end to the frequent instances of sexual harassment inflicted on them during Carnival.
The situation is repeated countless times per day in many of the dance troupes that fill the streets in Brazilian cities and towns: A man begins to make advances to a woman, the woman tells him to stop, that she's not interested, but the man keeps insisting.
In just three hours, a woman can be accosted up to five times, according to what some of them have said.
But something is changing in Brazil, although for the past two years, the number of sexual harassment complaints during Carnival has been growing in a country where 52 percent of women who have experienced such behavior from men have decided to keep silent, according to a survey by the Brazilian Public Safety Forum.
In 2018, stickers and tattoos have begun being seen calling for respect of women's bodies and an end to macho behavior that is still seen as natural among a large portion of the public.
"When we say 'no means no,' we're speaking up so that women can empower their bodies, we're saying they aren't obligated to endure that and that they have a support network," Julia Parucker told EFE.
Even the police seem to pay the issue little heed. At one Carnival celebration in Pernambuco state, one girl said that when she went to the police to complain about a sexual attack the officer said: "Girl, this is Carnival. What do you want me to do...?"
Given that situation, Parucker and a group of female friends have launched an initiative – with donations from the public – to print 25,000 stickers for women to stick on their skin saying "Nao e Nao" (no means no).
"Our bodies are going to be our battleground, where we cry that there's no reason for it to be like this," she said.
The initial target was to collect 7,500 reais (about $2,330) but the campaign resonated so strongly among women that they received 20,457 reais ($6,365), which has allowed them to get their message out in the cities of Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Recife, Olinda and Brasilia.
At least 42 percent of Brazilian women say they have suffered sexual harassment, according to a survey conducted by Datafolha and released last December.
A third of them admitted to being sexually accosted as they were walking down the street.
The tattoos, stickers and other signs saying "No means no" are the start of a situation in Brazil where women who suffer sexual harassment can "have the courage to complain" because "when we say no means no it's not a yes or a perhaps. No means no and (men) have to respect that," said Parucker.


Our annual fundraising campaign to raise money to support Perennial's services for current and former UK horticulturists needing help, advice and support.
What will you do to raise money for HortAid? Perennial is the only UK charity that is dedicated to giving horticulturists of all ages free and confidential advice and financial support in times of need or crisis. HortAid aims to raise as much money as possible to help the charity fund those services and continue to offer essential support. Perennial relies on the support of the UK horticulture industry and the garden-loving public to continue its work.
Fundraising for HortAid can take place at any time of year so whether you want to do something daring or daft, we want you to join us in raising money for Perennial to help us support even more people who need our help.


text:
Q: webapp doesn't exist with Azure CLI 2.0.79 I have upgraded recently to 2.0.79 due to the problems with 2.0.78 caused with static HTML pages
I am following this Microsoft tutorial but keep getting the error

"webapp anotherwebapp doesn't exist"

when I enter the command:
 az webapp up --location westeurope --name anotherwebapp --html

The contents on the directory is listed below (dir):
08/01/2020  08:27 PM    <DIR>          .
08/01/2020  08:27 PM    <DIR>          ..
08/01/2020  08:27 PM             4,447 .gitignore
08/01/2020  08:27 PM    <DIR>          css
08/01/2020  08:27 PM    <DIR>          fonts
08/01/2020  08:27 PM    <DIR>          img
08/01/2020  08:27 PM             2,338 index.html
08/01/2020  08:27 PM    <DIR>          js
08/01/2020  08:27 PM             1,183 LICENSE
08/01/2020  08:27 PM               608 README.md
               4 File(s)          8,576 bytes
               6 Dir(s)  1,214,520,279,040 bytes free

Any help with resolving this would be much appreciated!

A: First, are you sure "webapp anotherwebapp doesn't exist" is an error message? it should be a prompt since it actually does not exist.
I can successfully deploy it with 2.0.79, and the steps are as below:
1.Install azure cli 2.0.79 via downloading the .msi, then restarts the machcine.
2.Then in cmd prompt, nav to the folder where my html project resides -> run the command:
az webapp up --location westeurope --name anotherwebapp111 --html

The screenshot as below:

3.Nav to azure portal, I can see the site is deployed successfully.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The escape room experience is increasingly becoming popular among different people especially because, it's an interesting experience that they can do during their free time. These days, it's possible to find escape rooms that a person can be able to visit and it's going to be one of the best experiences that you can do. One of the things you will realize about the escape room experience is that it does not involve any set of rules or regulations majorly especially when it comes to entry. In order to make the escape room experience much more enjoyable for you, it would be better if you went with your friends or your colleagues. In the escape room, you have to solve different kinds of challenges that you can be perfect and therefore, it's one of the things that you have to continuously do. The amount of time that you're going to take inside the room so that you can solve the puzzles is usually a maximum of one hour. There are numerous advantages that can be enjoyed whenever people go for the escape room experience.
One of the major distinguishing or interesting factors about the escape room is that it's very affordable, so going to be expensive participate.In many parts of the world, this is usually one of the major motivations for very many people and therefore, it is something that you have to consider. In many parts of the world today, the escape room is considered one of the biggest teambuilding activities that a person can do. When there is a good level of teamwork between the employees at the company, you will realize that you have higher productivity because of better relationships and better communication. Apart from the above factors, the escape room experience is also very enjoyable and therefore, is one of the ways that you can have a lot of fun with your friends or colleagues. Technically, you have nothing to fear when you go into the escape room experience especially because of the safety that is involved, many people think that it might be dangerous.
Escape room works in a way where a team will select the kind of room that interests them, and given an hour to escape the room while solving all the puzzle, clues and challenges inside the room. The way the team works and each member's contribution to the challenges will determine how they can escape faster out of the room. One benefit of playing with escape rooms is that it first develops the character of trusting and unity because solving the puzzle maze and questions requires team effort, together with enhancing communication and social interaction.
Because this game enhances your cognitive and motor skills, it will exercise your mind and body in accomplishing the task to escape. It would feel like all the kind of games are put into one place and it gives you a chance to know your team better in seeing them show their abilities and their character in a game. This polishes one's ability in problem-solving, creativity, focus, being goal minded and all, brought together in a fun and challenging way.
Hungry zombie is one of the highly exciting escape room games. The team is tied in a room wherein is a hungry zombie that has been chained. After the lapse of every five minutes, the zombie will be released by a foot and as it is so released you have it draw the more closer to catching you. The game lasts about an hour and by the end of the hour the zombie will be able to reach all corners of the room. Inside the room are a host of clues and as such your task as a team locked inside is to solve the riddles so as to get the keys to unlock the door and escape the room. Here are some of the things that the team members need to do so as to be able to escape the room.
There are only a many things that people can do to tune out of the normal things of life, it is a rather sad reality that most of them choose to harmful methods such as using drugs which not only harms their health but makes things that much worse for them. Sometimes going to a movie, grabbing drinks with friends at your favorite bar, going to the soccer game has a way of creating good memories and enabling us to have that energy to handle everything with a positive mindset in our lives.
However, for more fun we have to find something that is out of the ordinary, we have to think out of the box because something unique will give us an experience that we have never had before and that is something to live by. Some of these activities include franchises that have been funded by private corporations where people participate in certain hard challenges for a chance at winning some amount of cash.
Some of the greatest minds that eve created fun activities are probably those responsible for the existence of escape room games, most people that have ever played these games know how fun they are in addition to providing that adrenaline rush and learn more. Escape room experiences would never have existed if video games were not there, the idea for these real life challenges were motivated by the famous virtual franchises only that they require physical involvement, video games boast some of the most scariest and thrilling scenes which are recreated in the escape room for more fun and adrenaline rush click for more.
Escape rooms are based on puzzles that require the players usually ranging from six to twelve to solve in a limited amount of time; most escape room challenges last up to an hour where if the players still have not figured it out then there are consequences. Some of the things that can guarantee a win in any escape getting there on time, game masters who are supposed to help you out during the game love teams that get there on time and will be of much assistance.
Another thing to do is to communicate with your team on every step of the game so that you can be on the same page, teams that do not communicate may have the solution at the beginning of the game and not even know it. Taking pictures is not such a bad idea when you have escape room adventures whether you win or lose. Chattanooga is famous for its escape room adventures that are definitely unbeatable by any other place view here for more.
Today, there are just a number of ways for you to be able to book your flights. To read more now about them, be sure to click for more. This guide is of great help for those who are still booking their airfare tickets for the first time or those who have done it conventionally and now want to get an upgrade on how they can do so now! With these tips in mind, you will be booking your airfare tickets like a pro and in no time and just as easy as booking your bus or train tickets.
Thanks to the internet, you can now book your flights minus the hassle with the help of the some online booking sites. There is really no need for you to be an expert of the internet just so you can start booking your air flight tickets online. You will not have a hard time doing so. As you do online bookings, you will surely be getting the best deals out of things. You will surely be amazed to know that booking a flight is just like booking for a weekend movie ticket. Contrary to popular belief that you need to show your passport as well as have your credit card, this is never the case with online flight bookings.
An escape room is game where people are locked up in a room. In the room there are clues which help the players to get out. Before you play the game it is reasonable that you consider some influences. After this is done you can experience the profits of playing the game. You know more here about the profits of playing escape room by visiting this homepage.
The teamwork skills are improved. This is because when playing you play with other people to figure out the clues. Since if your team keeps on arguing they will end up losing. So you know how to relate with people.
Your problem solving skills are improved. This is because the game involves solving the puzzles. And since most people want to win then they will try to figure out the clues. It will additionally assist you to crack difficulties faster in life.
Several investigation have been done and it demonstrates that the escape room assist in relieving stress. This game helps the player to focus more on the puzzles given instead of what is bothering them. Therefore by the time they finish the puzzle their worry will have been reduced. It aids the brain when you concentrate on something else. This helps to block what was initially bothering the individul.
Individuals who play these game have a better motivation. For the reason that when they are contesting they release dopamine in their brains. This component assist in enhancing one's motivation. Particularly when they are confronted with difficulties the dopamine is in plenty. This motivation aids most individuals to achieve success in their different activities.
It additionally increases creativity. In most scenarios when contesting the game you have to think out of the box for you to be victorious. Hence it aids folks to think deeper on how to unravel the tipoff Through this it needs creativity. It additionally helps individuals to acquire a unique mindset on the various issues of life. Additionally the games aids to prevent monotony. Therefore you get to have new ideas.
It similarly aids to enhance communication skills. Since in the game you are needed to present your ideas. Hence for the shy individuals they are obliged to communicate so that they can aid their team. Certain folks have a habit of conversing too much without listening. So when they compete this game they incline to acquire the skill of listening.
It is a nice strategy of meeting new people with whom you share the same interest with. Subsequently in some situation you are frequently teamed up with a stranger. You can discover more about the info. once you visit the page.
You need to plan in advance to have all the funs in a holiday. Excitements are plenty when one plan to spend the entire holiday abroad. Accessing this article will help one to get in touch with essential travel tips. You need to put in mind a number of travel tips to make it a success to travel overseas. You need to find some suggestions to make it in spending your vacation outside the country. Putting in mind your set budget is one thing that needs to be prioritized. Setting a budget is one essential way to spend wisely during the vacation. You need to plan in advance before the traveling day. The method of travel one uses is effective when sufficient money is saved.
There are minimal chances of overspending when one plan during the travel trip. Also, there is no misuse of funds when one comes up with a budget. Best travel tips are achievable through performing a comprehensive search process since the travel sector has become very competitive. Getting in touch with appealing traveling tips is possible through comparing travel tickets. The best place to search for these travel tips is the internet as there are many travel agencies advertising on the website. You must be flexible to choose the best travel tips. It is essential for one to move during late hours to make reservations.
Getting in touch with this company that has discount offers will help one to save on traveling funds. Traveling effectively is achievable through surfing on credible sources on best travel tips. For last minute reservations, most airline companies usually sell air tickets at a lower price to fill in remaining empty seats. Engaging traveling agents when one is looking forward to having the best accommodations during the vacation. You need to prioritize on packaging your luggage in advance since it gives one a chance of being flexible in making travel trips. To get the best of travel tips, ensure that you do not travel during peak seasons such as school and public holidays. One thing worth noting is that moving late at night could also see you save a substantial amount of money.
Traveling program which requires adjustment require one to take indirect flights. There is a variation of time for long trips with the direct flights. There is also an option of traveling as a courier which is much cheaper compared to other travels. There are extra services which attend the travel tips that one gets upon involving traveling agents. Travel tips will include accommodation as well as food and drinks to be served. Taking your time to read on homepage travel tips need to be prioritized.
If you're wondering on how you will spend your free time during the weekend, or when you have a break from the job or the class, then you should take some new adventures in engaging yourself with different sports. Playing games when you are free is another way to learn more away from the environment that can enhance learning which compared to staying idle and accumulating a lot of stress especially when you think of the things that have not yet worked. Today, you have many options when it comes to where you want to play the game from because you can visit a physical playroom but also with your computer and access to the website, you can play any game. Escape game or escape room is an example of the type of the sports that you can play.
Escape game can be defined as a physical adventure game because it involves a series of players trying to solve a series of puzzles and riddles using hints, clues and strategies to complete the primary objective of playing the game. The uniqueness of the escape room is that it is played interspecific room and you are given a particular time by which you must have solved the puzzle. When you engage yourself in escape room, you build team skills and spirit because you are trying to solve the puzzle together. On the hand, playing the escape game is a way of training your mind to solve hard things as you try to solve the puzzles that were given.
Escape game is an international game that is offered in many countries and especially if you live in Boston, you might have heard many people saying about the game. If you want to engage yourself in escape room benefit a lot, there are many service providers that you can choose from, but there are important factors to consider when choosing such a company in Boston. Like any other type of game, capacity is always an important consideration. The capacity company offers will limit the number of people that will be playing because some companies will offer 10+ capacity while others will offer for only four people. The number of people you want to play with therefore will determine the escape room company you will choose in Boston.


Calling on the government to help ensure that Northern Ireland remains in the EU.
Mandating the tArdmhéara to seek an urgent delegation meeting with the Minister for Housing at which the Minister will set out how he intends to provide the required increased capital allocation for housing for Dublin City Council 2017-2019.
Reducing the local property tax by 15% for 2017.
Rescinding the council's decision of 25 July 2016 to support the development of a pilot scheme of 100% public, mixed-income housing on the O'Devaney Gardens site, and instead supporting the provision of 30% social & 20% affordable and cost rental on the site.
To question Council Chief Executive Owen Keegan's capacity to deal effectively with the housing crisis.
To oppose any expansion of the Poolbeg waste-to-energy incinerator.
To call on the NTA not to cut down mature trees for BusConnects.
To revise the council's area committee structure to "Option 6".
To rezone land on Marrowbone Lane next to St Catherine's Sports Centre.
To defer a motion for horse-care facilities next to Labre Park.
To change the phrase "social and affordable homes" in the motion to "public housing".
To accelerate plans to build homes on a site in Finglas.
To vary the Local Property Tax downwards by 15% for 2019.
To halt to the sale of the Magdalene Laundry site at Sean McDermott Street.
Resolving not to endorse any candidate for the 2018 presidential election.
Selling 53 council-owned homes to Tuath Housing Association.
Deferring a decision on selling 53 council-owned homes to Tuath Housing Association.
Calling on the government to build "state-owned" social and affordable housing on CIÉ and OPW lands.
Approving the council's plan to spruce up Cathedral Street and Sackville Place.
Reinstating the event "The Question of the Eighth" at the International Literary Festival Dublin.
To urge the Minister for Foreign Affairs to expel the Israeli Ambassador as a first step in recognising the state of Palestine.
Supporting the Palestinian-led boycott, disinvestment and sanctions (BDS) movement.
Calling on the Artane School of Music to disband as a matter of human rights.
On the "Clontarf Sea Wall", on the proposal to modify the flood defense. It relates to Report No. 355/2017.
A call to rehouse 14 homeless families, evicted from the Gresham Hotel.
A vote in relation to managing traffic around College Green, calling on the chief executive to not make any changes before a planning hearing happens.
Call to remove Conor Skehan as chair of the Housing Agency.
On whether to proceed with a public-private partnership to build social housing in Scribblestown.
"Dublin City Council in passing part the 8 for Scribblestown wish to amend the scheme so that a child care centre is delivered."
Setting the annual rate on valuation, also known as "commercial rates".
Suspension of Standing Orders to allow for the consideration of an emergency motion relating to the Freedom of the City and Aung San Suu Kyi.
On the amount of social and affordable housing on the Poolbeg SDZ.
On whether to accept the council management's recommendation not to add the Fumbally Exchange to the Record of Protected Structures.
Vote on whether to proceed with the Clontarf-to-City Centre cycle route.
To reduce the Local Property Tax by 15% for 2018.
Recognising the need for additional social and affordable homes in Ballymun.
Amending the draft Ballymun Local Area Plan by deleting the paragraph regarding a reduction of car parking standards.
To relocate the proposed commercial buffer at the Poolbeg SDZ. It relates to motion 1095.
To relocate the proposed commercial buffer at the Poolbeg SDZ. It relates to motion 1093.
An amendment put forward by Sinn Fein to delete the words "including senior citizens" and insert "plus an additional 100 units for senior citizens".
To relocate the proposed commercial buffer at the Poolbeg SDZ. It relates to motion 1049.
A vote on whether to dispose of a site to Oaklee Housing Trust Limited. This relates to Report No. 168/2017.
A proposed amendment to delete clause 16 from the report.
Calling on the government to hold a referendum to repeal the eighth amendment of the Constitution.
A vote on getting rid of the railings around the Bank of Ireland at College Green.
To award the Freedom of the City to Michelle and Barack Obama.
On the Housing Lands Initiative, including O'Devaney Gardens, St Michael's Estate, and Oscar Traynor Road.
A vote on the report to adopt new speed limits bye laws, including extra 30km/hr zones in the Dublin City Council area.
To set the rate of valuation at 0.257 for the coming year.
To increase funding for Cleansing Support in Business Areas; Dublin Bikes and Arts and Commemorations.
Vote on works on Charlemont Street footpath.
A motion calling on RTE to make their lands available for "modular housing".
A motion that Dublin City Council condemns and opposes the ongoing use of Shannon Airport by the US military.
On affordable and social housing on the O'Devaney Gardens site in the development plan.
To limit the height of development on the Oscar Traynor Road land to six storeys.
To keep the Greenmount Industrial Estate in Harold's Cross zoned as Z6 in the development plan.
Zoning for an open space on Bridgefoot Street.
Setting height limits for developments in the inner and outer city.
Calling for the extension of the dublinbikes scheme in the South Central area.
Moving the Parnell Monument to another location on O'Connell Street.
Supporting the development of a pilot scheme of 100% public, mixed-income housing on the O'Devaney Gardens site.
A vote on the council's position on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP).
Vote on the Phibsborough Local Area Plan.
Seeking an increase in the Traveller accommodation budget for the year.
Supporting the use of modular housing as a temporary provision.
Supporting the use of modular factory-built housing as a temporary measure.
Calling on the government to hold a referendum to repeal the 8th Amendment of the Constitution. Relates to motion 35, as amended.
Calling on the chief executive to declare the provision of modular housing an emergency measure.
To decide if a variation would be made to the Local Property Tax for 2016 and if so by what percentage.
Lease of 1-12 Hogan Court, Wilson's Place, Dublin 2 to Peter McVerry Trust.
Condemning the recent jailing of protesters against Irish Water metering.
Deploring excessive mobilisation of Gardaí to enforce the installation of water meters.
Reducing the Local Property Tax by 15% for the coming year.


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Q: JVM type representation on method area Is there any reference which I could check on how Java developers decided to represent type information of a specific object? I know that the Class instance for a particular type is linked to that data structures and acts as an interface to it.

A: If the question is about how this information is encoded in a class file, it's described here.
If you want to know how all this is represented in memory, your best bet is the source code of VM implementations.

A: If you're writing a program, you can use reflection to access a class's fields (or methods).
public void dumpFields(Class clz) {
    for (Field f : clz.getDeclaredFields()) {
        System.out.println(f.toString());
    }
}

If you're dealing with a .class file, you can decompile it using JAD.


"The Fanfic Story and Poem Page"
"Springtime in the Gap" by Michelle W.
"Sometimes The Cure…" by Lorie N.
"Shall We Meet at the River"by Jan D.
"The Epidemic" by Ashley D.
"And To All A Good Night..." by Lesley B.
"Peace On Earth" by Debra S.
"Christmas Surprise" by Ashley D.
"Of Possums and Wigs" by Michelle W.
"Christmas Bells are Ringing" by Jan D.
"Christmas Reservations" by Donna S.
"A Light Upon the Shore" by Seth D.
"Snowed In" by Ann E.
"Something to Celebrate" by Rebecca B.
"The Gift by Michelle W.
"The River of Love" by Zinn.
"Only In A Moment" by Sandra C.
"A Tender Confession" by Jan D.
"The Journey" by Angela M.
"By the Lamplight" by Michelle W.
"Indigo and Violet" by Kelly O.
"He Who Wishes" by Susie B.
"A Place Full oF Love" by Rachel McNeil.
"Speak Now or Forever Hold Your Peace" by Debbie H.
"The Rainy Night" by AnniE.
"One True Love" by Erin O.
"Lessons in Love" by Lisa Renee.
"SoulMates" a Poem by Erin F.
"The Saint Valentine's Day Party" by Alyssa.
"The Dance of Love" by Cristina.
"The Wedding" by Rebecca O.
"Of Love, Loss, and Life" by Betty.
"The Tale of Little Miss Christy Hudd": by Debbie.
A Poem: "MWBMYH,D" by Susie.
"A Poem By Neil MacNeill, MD." by Amy.


text:
Q: ASP.Net CheckBoxList Values Insert To Database I created a checkboxList in ASP.Net, each checkbox is associated with a value. My problem is, I have a SQL Server database and a table called Plans, this table contains one column which is called DeductiblePlans, when someone checks 0 plan, its value (1) should be inserted in the database, if two plans are selected it will insert two records, and so on.
My background is Windows Application, I am really not sure how to get the value that is selected from the ASPX file and insert it into the database. What is the most efficient way to do it? I would appreciate it if I can see an example.
Default.ASPX
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

    <title></title>

    <form id="form1" runat="server">
        <asp:CheckBoxList ID="CheckBoxList1" runat="server" RepeatColumns="3" RepeatDirection="Horizontal" Width="870px" Height="139px">
            <asp:ListItem Text="$0 Plan" Value="1" />
            <asp:ListItem Text="$100 Plan" Value="2" />
            <asp:ListItem Text="$150 Plan" Value="3" />
            <asp:ListItem Text="$250 Plan" Value="4" />
            <asp:ListItem Text="$500 Plan" Value="5" />
            <asp:ListItem Text="$750 Plan" Value="6" />
            <asp:ListItem Text="$1000 Plan" Value="7" />
            <asp:ListItem Text="$1500 Plan" Value="8" />
            <asp:ListItem Text="$2000 Plan" Value="9" />
            <asp:ListItem Text="$2500 Plan" Value="10" />
            <asp:ListItem Text="$3000 Plan" Value="11" />
            <asp:ListItem Text="$4000 Plan" Value="12" />
        </asp:CheckBoxList>

        <asp:LinkButton ID="lbAll" runat="server" OnClick="lbAll_Click">Select All</asp:LinkButton>

        <input id="btnShow" type="button" value="Show Selected Items" onclick="return btnShow_onclick()" />

    </form>

Default.ASPX.CS
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Data;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        foreach (ListItem item in CheckBoxList1.Items)
        {
            item.Attributes.Add("hiddenValue", item.Value);
        }
    }
    protected void lbAll_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        foreach (ListItem li in CheckBoxList1.Items)
        {
            li.Selected = true;
        }
    }
}

A: protected void SubmitBtn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    foreach(ListItem li in CheckBoxList1.items)
    {
        if(li.Selected)
        {
            //insert to database, the value is in item.Value
        }
    }
}

Just loop through and see what's selected. It's not very different from Win Forms.


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Home » News » Corn growers face off with ethanol foes in House hearing
Corn growers face off with ethanol foes in House hearing
Source: Amanda Peterka, E&E reporter • Posted: Thursday, July 25, 2013
Without the federal biofuel mandate, the nation's farm economy would likely be in a "deep recession," the president of the corn industry's biggest trade group told lawmakers yesterday.
Pam Johnson, a sixth-generation corn and soybean farmer from Floyd, Iowa, said ethanol over the past five years has fueled an increase in farm income, projected to reach a record $128 billion this year. Ethanol, she added, has also helped farmers shift away from relying on government subsidies to survive.
"Due to the tax revenues and job security that the [renewable fuel standard] enables, my small community has a new fire station, a remodeled hospital, and my grandson's kindergarten class is large enough to need another teacher," Johnson said.
The National Corn Growers Association president, though, found herself outnumbered on the final witness panel in a two-day hearing held by the House Energy and Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Energy and Power on the standard, which mandates that the country blend 36 billion gallons of conventional ethanol and advanced biofuels into the nation's motor fuel supply
Yesterday, representatives from chicken, chain restaurants and environmental groups blamed corn ethanol for high commodity prices, increased land use and questionable greenhouse gas emissions reductions.
Pointing to U.S. EPA data, Environmental Working Group Vice President of Government Affairs Scott Faber said ethanol has increased gasoline emissions by up to 66 percent compared to petroleum-based gasoline in facilities powered by coal but is allowed to be included in the RFS because of a grandfathering provision.
Corn's fortunes, meanwhile, have been to livestock producers' detriment, said the National Chicken Council senior vice president and chief economist, Bill Roenigk. Over the last five years, the RFS has increased feed costs by so much that at least a dozen chicken companies have gone out of business or severely scaled back their operations, Roenigk told lawmakers.
Feed costs for chickens, turkeys and eggs have gone up more than $50 billion over the last five years, Roenigk said.
There is "no workable or reasonable provision in the RFS to provide flexibility when the corn crop is severely inadequate to meet all the needs," he said.
Johnson fended off attacks with studies showing ethanol has had a negligible impact on food prices and has reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 36 percent. Much of the criticisms over the renewable fuel standard "are exaggerated at best and blatantly false at worst," she said.
The battles over corn ethanol capped a long and contentious fight in the Energy and Power Subcommittee over whether lawmakers should repeal the renewable fuel standard, keep it as is or make reforms. After two days, it became apparent that repeal was likely off the table this year, but it's unclear in what direction House lawmakers will take the standard going forward.
Subcommittee Chairman Ed Whitfield (R-Ky.) said only that Energy and Commerce Committee members would "proceed cautiously."
"I don't know precisely where we're going to end up," Whitfield said in closing the hearing, "but that's what the political process is all about."


Step 6: Configure your Out of Office message settings - Set the "End Date" as the day you will be back at work. - In the "Away Message" field enter the body of the email that you want to be sent out when a coworker emails you.... Apple's native Mail application in macOS lacks a specific option for enabling out-of-office replies, but there is another way you can set them up on a Mac, and that's with Rules.
How to Create Custom �Reply with Message� on iPhone in iOS 6 Jignesh Padhiyar iOS 6 let you reply to calls with a message � this came in handy when you were unable to pick the call but wanted to let the caller know that you�ll call him/her back.... When you�re stuck in a meeting or conference, and for some reason it seems to be dragging out, that feeling of agitation always seems amplified by seeing your unread messages build up minute by minute, and in turn, the senders are likely to feel a sense of agitation.
Set Up an Out of Office Vacation Auto-Reply in Outlook for an Exchange Account If you use Outlook with an Exchange account, you can set up an out of office auto-reply directly at the server: Click File in the main Outlook window.
Step 6: Configure your Out of Office message settings - Set the "End Date" as the day you will be back at work. - In the "Away Message" field enter the body of the email that you want to be sent out when a coworker emails you.
To send automatic replies to mail in Mail app of Windows 8.1, follow the instructions below: Step 1 : Go to the Windows 8 Start Screen, and click on Mail app to launch the app (also learn how to launch Modern apps from Windows 8 Desktop , including the Native apps).
11/01/2016�� Create your template. Without an Exchange account, the Automatic Reply options are unavailable. It is still possible to set up an automated response using a template and a few rules.
Below are SMS auto responders that should work on iPhone, Android, Blackberry, Symbian s60 and Java phones. Take a look and let me know in the comments how helpful these applications for you. Take a look and let me know in the comments how helpful these applications for you.