Yes yes, I know I was supposed to give you a book review today, but I have 3 or 4 (or 5) books on the go, and I've finished none. No promises about next week either. You see, I've hit a snag in my reading habits with the passing of my dear cat who would curl up on my lap while I sat in bed and read. I have to develop a new tradition without her. It will take time. I know you will give me that, because anyone who reads this knows what it is to have a reading habitus. A new body must be built, a body of words and comfort. I know you will give me that. And so, I give you this. Here is an article about Patti Smith's favourite books, from Open Culture. They took the list from Vertigo.
Smith found a role model in Jo, the tomboy writer in Louisa May Alcott's Little Women. "She gave me the courage of a new goal," writes Smith, "and soon I was crafting little stories and spinning long yarns for my brother and sister." As a teenager she discovered the French Symbolist poets Charles Baudelaire and especially Arthur Rimbaud, who inspired her and helped shape her own artistic persona as a poet and punk rocker.
Despite her fame as a rock 'n' roll musician, Smith has always described herself as essentially a bookish person. It was around the time of Smith's appearance at the 2008 Melbourne International Arts Festival, according to Vertigo, that Smith released this list of her favorite books.
I'm really sorry to hear of the loss of your kitty. You have my complete sympathy. Patti Smith recommended many excellent books. Thank you.


text:
Younger Season 6 Episode 4 'An Inside Glob' Live Streaming Release Date
Younger is a parody dramatization TV arrangement that has been made and delivered by Darren Star. The show depends on the 2005 novel of a similar name which has been composed by Pamela Redmond Satran. The show is as of now in its 6th season. Thus, for the 6th season has disclosed three scenes. Television Land enjoyed a short reprieve for the seven day stretch of July fourth. Along these lines, the fans needed to hold on to see the fourth scene of Young season 6.
The fourth scene is titled "An Inside Glob." In the scene, we will see who is behind Zane's new distributing business, Mercury. We will likewise get the chance to see where all the cash is originating from. Already, we saw that Kelsey uncovered her political objectives to the general population and after that lost the war against Mercury to sign Audrey as another writer. This wound up expanding the enmity among her and Quinn.
Younger Season 6 Episode 4 Release Date
The new scene will be discharged on July 10, 2019. Remember to set update with the goal that you won't miss the scene when it pretense.
Here is the cast of the 6th period of the show
Charles Michael Davis as Zane Anders
Dwindle Hermann as Charles Brooks
Molly Bernard as Lauren Heller
Hilary Duff as Kelsey Peters
Nico Tortorella as Josh
Sutton Foster as Liza Miller
The show pursues Liza Miller, who is an as of late separated from mother. Her little girl is concentrating abroad in India. Thus, Liza needs to make sense of an approach to help herself and her little girl also. Liza's significant other's betting fixation left them a gigantic budgetary opening. Liza tries to find a new line of work in distributing. In any case, she needs to begin from the base, and it sometimes falls short for a lady of her age.
The show is really intriguing and has some positive surveys on the web. Along these lines, on the off chance that you need to evaluate some new show, at that point you can begin Younger.
The 100 Season 6 Episode 8 'The Old Man And The Anomaly' Top Spoilers, Release Date And Live Stream
The 100 Season 6 Episode 7 Preview: 'Nevermind' Release Date and Details
Best Three Very Important Features For Microsoft's New Surface Laptop 3
Related Topics:American comedy seriesAn Inside GlobYoungerYounger Season 6
Love Island Season 5 Episode 39 'Episode 34' Online Streaming in the UK and US
Comicstaan Season 2 Comedians Trailer Out, Everything You Need to Know
Lodge 49 Season 2: Trailer, Release Date, Cast and More Details
Andi Mack Season 3 Episode 18 'Something to Talk A-boot' Live Stream at Disney
The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel Season 3: Everything We Want to Know
Younger Season 6 Episode 1: 'Big Day' Reveals, Live Stream on Hulu
Younger (Comedy Series) Season 6 Release Date Update Now
Heather Lynn
Jonathan Lisco's show arrangement the Animal Kingdom is one that has contacted the hearts of millions, and we trust that it keeps on doing only that. The last scene of Animal Kingdom season 4 was titled "Know Thy Enemy." In this scene, we got the chance to see Angela has now some more signs as she keeps on delving her nose into recognizing what Smurf is arranging.
In the interim, J has assembled another arrangement for another activity for Smurf, which was fascinating to view. Pope experiences considerable difficulties staying aware of the considerable number of changes that he needs to confront since his family job has changed. In conclusion, the connection between Renn and Craig is ending up significantly all the more intriguing to pursue.
Presently, let us talk about the up and coming scene of Animal Kingdom season 4. The spoilers of the new scene are presently going to unfurl so currently will be only the correct time for the individuals who do have an issue with perusing spoilers. Set of all animals season 4 scene 8 is titled "Ambo."
In this scene we will get the chance to see, J will be found in an initial position and J will before long understand that the activity he needs to do while in the position isn't a simple one using any and all means. Smurf won't be at the focal point of consideration in this scene as he will truly be no place to be seen, while Codys will initiate their readied arrangement for the activity.
Set of all animals season 4 scene 8 discharge date is 16 July 2019. All of you can watch the scene on TNT Network at 9 pm, or all of you can stream the scene by means of Hulu, DirecTV Now, Sling, Roku, and so forth. Additionally, do make sure to make reference to what are your musings with respect to Animal Kingdom season 4 so far in the remarks area down beneath. What do you make of the spoilers of this new scene? It is safe to say that you are eager to perceive what occurs in the Animal Kingdom season 4 scene 8 or not?
Animal Kingdom Season 4 Episode 7 'Know Thy Enemy' Release Date And Spoilers
Animal Kingdom Season 4 Episode 2: 'Angela' Synopsis Released plus Spoilers
Animal Kingdom Season 4 available on TNT: All You Need To Know
Asma Hamza
In this post, we are going to discuss Love Island season 5 scene 44 discharge date, spilling data, and the post will be without spoiler. We have to think about the American group of spectators, as they can't watch ordinary scenes like the UK crowd. Thus, we can't destroy their watching background by including spoilers in this post and keep the post peruser amicable. All things considered, we ought to go directly into the following scene subtleties!
One more week has begun, as the seventh week began with two scenes previously communicated. In any case, the following scene will be Episode 38 as there have been six Unseen Bits scenes which are not customary scenes. The 43rd scene has quite recently circulated, so fans are caught up with discussing it, and now they will look out about the following scene.
The show is currently 43 scenes profound into the fifth season, and the 44th scene should discharge this week. The 44th scene of Love Island season 5 is good to go to communicate on 16 July 2019. The show is broadcast on ITV2 direct in the UK as we probably are aware of it, and it has 9 PM space for consistently during the week. The following scene is titled 'Scene 38.'
The show can be viewed online on the ITV Hub in the UK, in spite of the fact that it will require TV membership subtleties having bought into the ITV organize. The ITV Hub gives watchers a chance to watch the show live at the season of communicating on TV. Not simply that, watchers can make up for lost time every one of the scenes, regardless of whether you have to watch the season debut or a scene which finished airing a moment back.
American watchers are not as lucky as the UK watchers, as they can't observe new scenes immediately with the UK watchers. They need to admire Hulu to include new scenes, which is planned on Saturday. Along these lines, they observe all the show of the week at the end of the week!
Love Island Season 5 Episode 36 'Episode 35' Live Stream on ITV2 Channel
Love Island Season 5 Episode 37 'Episode 36' Spoilers and Live Stream Details
we are going to discuss Good Trouble season 2 scene 5 spilling, discharge subtleties, and spoilers. As we probably am aware, the last scene highlighted Davia's mother coming around the local area. Along these lines, they must be increasingly cautious while being around her, they wind up uncovering old issues. Likewise, Callie and Malika were seen benefiting some work, as they were attempting to help individuals.
Be that as it may, they figured out how to destroy things in such a respectable work also, which transformed into an amusing scene instead of a genuine one. Then again, Mariana was caught up with conceptualizing more thoughts on the most proficient method to discover answers for the issues from the beta test. Not simply that, she was additionally visited by some more women on the complaint advisory group.
The show is presently four scenes profound while in the subsequent season, and it is at present into its fifth week. The fifth scene of Good Trouble season 2 is good to go to air on 16 July 2019. The show is communicated on the Freeform channel at 8 PM on Tuesdays. The up and coming scene is labeled 'Cheerful Heckling.'
The show can likewise be spilled online on Freeform application, just as its site, where you should include your satellite TV membership subtleties to get entrance. Besides, Freeform is accessible on Roku, Sling, Hulu, and DirecTV Now where fans can stream Good Trouble at the referenced time.
In the following scene, we will see Callie going to a systems administration blender which will lead her to consider a few about herself. Likewise, Mariana and Evan's relationship will have its outcomes at Spekulate workplaces. What's more, Alice will meet one of her godlike objects at a strange parody club!
You Only Live Once Season 5 Episode 9; Release Date and Live Stream Details
The Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2; Anime Releases in January of 2020
Entertainment46 mins ago

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Tag: attack
Central African Republic: is justice being sacrificed for the illusion of peace?
On 21 May, over 26 people were killed and dozens injured when an armed group attacked two villages in the north west of the Central African Republic (CAR). The attacks were reported by the UN peacekeeping mission in CAR, MINUSCA, which confirmed that twelve people were killed in Koundjili village and 14 in Djoumjoum village.
Whilst reports of violent and devastating attacks on civilians in CAR are not new, these attacks represent a new challenge for the recently re-constituted government following the latest peace agreement between the government and armed groups.
The alleged perpetrator of the attacks on the two villages is the rebel group known as 3R (Return, Reclamation and Reconciliation). The group was formerly part of the Seleka alliance that took over the country following a coup in March 2013. The alliance was subsequently disbanded, but armed groups fragmented and seized territories outside of the capital, Bangui.
Continue reading "Central African Republic: is justice being sacrificed for the illusion of peace?" →
Tagged african union, armed groups, attack, attacks on civilians, conflict, justice, military, peace agreement, violence
Burma's identity crisis
The forced closure last week of three temporary Muslim prayer sites in Yangon is just the latest in a litany of abuses inflicted on Burma's religious minorities by ultra-nationalist Buddhists. Add this to the decades-long persecution by the Burma Army of non-Burman ethnic minorities, many of whom are also non-Buddhists, and you get a nationwide cocktail of religious intolerance and conflict.
Muslims, Christians, and indeed Buddhists, who oppose the extremists are increasingly living in fear, in a country where ethno-religious nationalism has led to hate speech, intolerance, discrimination, persecution, crimes against humanity and, in one particularly egregious case, genocide.
That is the picture presented by CSW's new report, Burma's Identity Crisis: How ethno-religious nationalism has led to religious intolerance, crimes against humanity and genocide, published today. The report is the result of over three years' work, involving first-hand front-line research, supplemented by information provided by CSW's contacts in Burma and by other organisations working on these issues. It tells the human stories, it analyses the legislative framework, it assesses the international community's response and it provides a call for action.
Continue reading "Burma's identity crisis" →
Tagged attack, aung san suu kyi, christians, crimes against humanity, genocide, hate speech, kachin state, khalida rafiq, military, nationalism, religious identity, rohingya, war crimes
In November 2018, seven Coptic Christians were killed and 18 injured when terrorists attacked the bus they were travelling in to visit the Monastery of Anba Samuel the Confessor in Minya, Upper Egypt. The attack took place in the same location where 28 Coptic Christians were killed and 23 injured less than 18 months previously by masked gunmen who opened fire on the vehicles they were travelling in.
These violent attacks are part of a wider, longer term pattern of religious discrimination and persecution faced by Egypt's Coptic community. The term 'persecution' is not used lightly; according to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, persecution is 'the intentional and severe deprivation of fundamental rights contrary to international law by reason of the identity of the group or collectivity.'
In order to understand the root causes of religious persecution in contemporary Egypt, it is important to examine the ideological, socio-political and cultural factors that have historically underpinned the persecution of religious minorities in the country.
Continue reading "Long read: The history of religious persecution in Egypt" →
Tagged abdel fattah el-sisi, attack, christians, church, coptic christians, discrimination, hosni mubarak, military, persecution, revolution, sectarianism, terrorism, violence


text:
India Revives An Ancient University
Long before - and I mean centuries before - Oxford was founded in 1096, or William & Mary in 1693, there was Nalanda University, a prestigious center of learning in northern India. Much of Nalanda was destroyed by invaders in 1193. But now, more than 800 years later, Nalanda is being revived. A special act of the Indian parliament and a dedicated group of individuals, and financial support from several Asian countries are working to make a new Nalanda rise and attract students from around the world. Nalanda doesn't have a campus yet but it does have a chairman - a very distinguished one - the Nobel economist Professor Amartya Sen. He joins us in our studios now. Amartya, thanks so much for being with us.
AMARTYA SEN: Thank you.
SIMON: You have said - I was intrigued by this quote, "that Nalanda will be Asian in inspiration, Asian in motivation but it is not Asian in terms of its knowledge or the range of expertise or personal involvement." What's that mean?
SEN: Well, that means that knowledge in the world, there's - at the university, there's no such thing that true in Asia but not anywhere in else. But what is really meant in this context is that we would try to achieve excellence in the way that excellence could be judged anywhere in the world. But on the other hand, of course, our focus on study will be more Asian history. And the fact that we are trying to do something which is international in spirit and global in outlook, (unintelligible) in India, inspired by not only our own past, which obviously we are proud, particularly in higher education, but also what has been achieved, especially in the West.
SIMON: Another question that is, I must say, prompted by some of your own writing. You have some of the most splendidly educated and accomplished people in the world who happen to be Indian, and then you have a lot of Indians, dare I say the majority of Indians, don't have anything near those kinds of educational opportunities. To what degree do you see Nalanda as being able to help?
SEN: (Unintelligible) delighted you raised that because, you know, Nalanda in itself would be completely open. There's no question we will be looking. Because the whole idea is not to charge high fees or anything like that. It will be quite easy to get in, which is one of the saving graces of the Indian main senior universities still. But I just have interest in the entire academia in India changing and in time (unintelligible). There's a whole lot of people who parents have never been to school. So, I think it's a challenge. But I think with determination and with clarity - that's really important - and there Nalanda might be able to offer something.
SIMON: I want to take advantage of the fact that we have you, one of the leading economists in the world, in our studios sitting right across the...
SEN: I can't say I accept that but thank you.
SIMON: Fix the world economy for us, please. What would you recommend to help the world, the industrial world out of the tailspin we've been in.
SEN: I will say that go back to 1776, the Adam Smith "Wealth of Nations", which people read the fact that he discussed why how the market economy worked. But the center to it was the market economy worked really well because by trade and specialization people can develop their skills. And that is the center of economic progress. I had (unintelligible) feeling that Europe and America broadened itself into more (unintelligible) trouble than they need have. So, I'm afraid I wouldn't say - I think Europeans and Americans ought to clear up their mess away. It's like saying that here's my dog, produce a huge amount of (bleep). How would you clear it off? I don't advise to the invitation. I would suggest that they ought to do it.
SIMON: Somehow, I wasn't expecting that metaphor from a Nobel laureate economist. But I can't say we don't understand it.
SEN: OK. Good.
SIMON: Amartya Sen is the chairman of Nalanda University. And the first class of students is expected to start in 2014. Of course, he's also one of the world's most quotable economists. You've given us a good one here too. Thanks so much for being with us.
SEN: Thank you very much, Scott. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


text:
Main Group Chemistry - Volume 20, issue 4
Main Group Chemistry is intended to be a primary resource for all chemistry, engineering, biological, and materials researchers in both academia and in industry with an interest in the elements from the groups 1, 2, 12 - 18, lanthanides and actinides. The journal is committed to maintaining a high standard for its publications. This will be ensured by a rigorous peer-review process with most articles being reviewed by at least one editorial board member. Additionally, all manuscripts will be proofread and corrected by a dedicated copy editor located at the University of Kentucky.
The journal will publish rapid, short, communications, full, detailed articles, and shorter, less developed notes. Periodically, the editors will solicit reviews on the latest main group developments. In particular, we would like to eventually publish reviews covering every column of the main group elements, and some that are focused on single elements. This will advertise and showcase the beauty and breadth of main group chemistry.
Recommend this journal Editorial board Submissions Subscribe
Computational investigation of interaction between titanocene dichloride and nanoclusters (B 12N 12, B 12P 12, Al 12N 12 and Al 1…
Authors: Shabani, Mozhdeh | Ghiasi, Reza | Zare, Karim | Fazaeli, Reza
Abstract: This study investigated the interactions between B12 N12 , B12 P12 , Al12 N12 and Al12 P12 nanoclusters and titanocene dichloride anticancer drug complex using B3P86 functional. The bonding interaction between the nano-clusters and anticancer drug were examined through energy decomposition analysis (EDA). A good quadratic equation between interaction energy and molar volume (Vm ) were provided. Charge transfer between fragments were illustrated with electrophilicity-based charge transfer (ECT). According to calculations, the values of heat of formation of the studied systems were negative (exothermic), which shows that these molecules are thermodynamically stable. The relationship between molar refractivity (MR) …and Vm presented linear correlation. Show more
Keywords: Nanocages, titanocene dichloride, energy decomposition analysis (EDA), molar refractivity (MR), molar volume (Vm), electrophilicity-based charge transfer (ECT)
DOI: 10.3233/MGC-210010
Citation: Main Group Chemistry, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 437-446, 2021
Preparation of magnetic methotrexate nanocarrier coated with extracted hydroxyapatite of sea urchin ( Echinometra mathaei)
Authors: Rajabiyan, Ali | Shakiba Maram, Nader | Ghatrami, Ebrahim Rajabzadeh | Zarei Ahmady, Amanollah
Abstract: New polymer-coated magnetic nanocarrier using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with chitosan and nanohydroxyapatite extracted from Sea urchin that both have anti-cancer properties showed good ability to Methotrexate (MTX) delivery. Iron oxide nanoparticles and hydroxyapatite prepared by co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods respectively. To stabilize the nanoparticles and optimization of the nanoparticles with hydroxyapatite, 3-chloropropyltrioethoxysilane and chitosan were performed. The water-soluble anticancer drug Methotrexate was selected as the drug model. The drug loading percentage was % 86.66, loading efficiency was % 99.5 and the polydispersity of the nanoparticles was 0.01. The kinetic pattern of drug release is consistent with the Peppas …equation and the results of the thermal analysis confirm the stability of the crystalline form of the drug. The FTIR results and FE-SEM images showed that the nanoparticles were successfully prepared and coated and their size ranged from 30 nm to 1.5μ m. The VSM analysis confirms the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles and the magnetic indices for the magnetic nanocarrier and the magnetic nanocarrier carrying MTX are 23 and 19 emu/g–1 , respectively. The present study demonstrates the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles for the design of new magnetic nanocarrier and for guiding Methotrexate drug therapy in cancer chemotherapy. Show more
Keywords: Sea urchin, Fe3O4 nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite, methotrexate, drug delivery
Green synthesis of methadone in eutectic solvent
Authors: Golzadeh, Robab | Mahkam, Mehrdad | Rezaii, Ebrahim | Nazmi Miardan, Leila
Abstract: Eutectic solvents (DES), have attracted much attention in the last decade. With the advantages of nonflammability, thermal and chemical stability, high solubility and partial vapor pressure, non-toxicity and reasonable prices, these solvents are suggested as useful solvents. On the other hand, the eutectic solvents developed by Abbott are the new generation of ionic liquids. The mixture of eutectics is from an ammonium salt and a hydrogen bonding compound such as urea, acid, amine, and non-toxic amines. Choline chloride and urea, are quite environmentally friendly and are known practically as green solvents. The purpose of the present research is to present …the synthesis of diphenyl acetonitrile with 1-dimethylamino-2-chloropropane by a eutectic's solvent. In addition, methadone is synthesized from the reaction of 2,2-Diphenyl-4-dimethylaminovaleronitrile with ethyl magnesium bromide in the presence of solvent eutectic, which is in optimal and environmentally compatible conditions and by principles of green chemistry. Show more
Keywords: Methadone, solvent eutectic system, green synthesis, pain medicine, opioids
Testing of photocatalytic potential of silver nanoparticles produced through nonthermal plasma reduction reaction and stabilized with saccharides
Authors: Altaf, N.U.H. | Naz, M.Y. | Shukrullah, S. | Bhatti, H.N.
Abstract: In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced through an atmospheric pressure plasma reduction reaction and tested for photodegradation of methyl blue (MB) under sunlight exposure. The argon plasma born reactive species were used to reduce silver ions to AgNPs in the solution. Glucose, fructose and sucrose were also added in the solution to stabilize the growth process. The glucose stabilized reaction produced the smallest nanoparticles of 12 nm, while sucrose stabilized reaction produced relatively larger nanoparticles (14 nm). The nanoparticles exhibited rough morphology and narrow diameter distribution regardless of stabilizer type. The narrow diameter distribution and small band gap helped activating …majority of nanoparticles at a single wavelength of light spectrum. The band gap energy of AgNPs varied from 2.22 eV to 2.41 eV, depending on the saccharide type. The photoluminescence spectroscopy of AgNPs produced emission peaks at 413 nm, 415 nm, and 418 nm. The photocatalytic potential of AgNP samples was checked by degrading MB dye under sunlight. The degradation reaction reached a saturation level of 98% after 60 min of light exposure. Show more
Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, argon plasma jet, saccharides, photodegradation, methyl blue
CO and NO selective adsorption by a C 16Mg 8O 8 nanocage: A DFT Study
Authors: Ariaei, Shaghayegh | Sakhaeinia, Hossein | Heydarinasab, Amir | Shokouhi, Mohammad
Abstract: Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to stabilize a representative C16 Mg8 O8 nanocage derived from C32 and Mg16 O16 counterparts for selective adsorption of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen monoxide (NO) gaseous molecules. After obtaining optimized structures, molecular features were evaluated for describing the model systems. Diagrams of density of states (DOS) revealed that the energy differences between frontier molecular orbital levels of the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) of the stabilized C16 Mg8 O8 nanocage could provide a more proper semiconductor in comparison with each of the …original C32 and Mg16 O16 cages. To explore the advantage of such C16 Mg8 O8 nanocage for CO and NO gases adsorption, molecular descriptors such as energies, geometries, and electronic structures were characterized for all possible adsorption configurations of bimolecular formation of gas . . . nanocage. Significant changes of HOMO and LUMO levels besides the values of corresponding energy gaps of C16 Mg8 O8 nanocage in singular and bimolecular systems could help to recognize adsorption of each of CO and NO gaseous molecules. Furthermore, more variations of energy gaps in the process of gas . . . nanocage bimolecular formation could lead to more sensitivity of nanocage for detection of adsorbed gases. As a consequence, the investigated C16 Mg8 O8 nanocage was introduced for differential recognition of CO and NO gases regarding several environmental health issues. Show more
Keywords: Density functional theory, carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, semiconductor, gas adsorption, nanocage
1H NMR characterization of complexation of Glutathione with silver and aluminum metals in aqueous solution
Authors: Khan, Haroon | Khan, Muhammad Khalid | Ahmad, Tanveer | Haris Zaib, Muhammad | Zafar, Naheed | Alghamdi, Mohammad A
Abstract: Metallo-elements have both pharmacological and toxic effects on plants, animals and humans. These are considered as a major public health issue worldwide. In particular, heavy metals such as silver (Ag) and aluminum (Al) are environmentally widespread, and their relative toxicity can lead to numerous pathologies such as nephropathy, cancers, vascular and skin diseases. The goal of this study was to examine the behavioral effects of Ag and Al salts (i.e. Silver nitrate and Aluminum sulfate) on glutathione (GSH), a potent oxidant in biological mixtures. We also aimed to suggest mechanisms of action of thiolate complexed to these metallo-elements in competitive …studies with Ellman's reagent (5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid aka ESSE). By proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, detailed titrations were carried out for these metal thiols interactions in the presence of ESSE in order to elucidate first equilibrium and possible second equilibrium. We found by 1 H NMR spectroscopy that GSH binds to Ag and Al, which highlighted possible in-vivo chelation mechanisms of GSH toward these toxic metallo-elements. Show more
Keywords: Glutathione thiolates anions, silver, aluminium, nuclear magnetic resonance, spectroscopy
Film thickness effect on structural, optical and electrical properties of indium oxide (In 2O 3) thin films grown via sol-gel method
Authors: Nouadji, R. | Attaf, A. | Derbali, A. | Bouhdjer, A. | Saidi, H. | Aida, M.S. | Zeribi, F. | Benkhetta, O. | Messemeche, R. | Nouadji, M. | Attaf, N.
Abstract: In this work, we investigated the effect of the thickness on structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of In2 O3 thin films synthesized via by sol–gel spin coating technique. The prepared samples were characterized by various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra, UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer as well as the electrical measurements via the four-probe technique. The XRD analysis reveals that the films have a cubic crystalline structure, with (222) preferential orientation. The crystallite size values of the films were varied from 14 to 27 nm. The (SEM) images indicated that the homogenous and smooth …surface with better adherent to the substrate surface. The EDX spectrum reveals the presence of In and O element necessary for In2 O3 films for film formation. Excess of oxygen is observed due to the substrate contribution. The transmittance results exhibit that the films are highly transparent, more than 75% in the visible range from 400 nm to 800 nm is measured. The estimated band gap energy is found to increase with increasing film thickness (3.37–3.7 eV). The electrical resistivity of the In2 O3 thin films substantially decreases with the increasing film thickness from 1.48×10-4 to 1.3×10-3 Ω .cm. Show more
Keywords: Sol–gel, spin coating method, In2O3 thin film, film thickness, physical properties.
Investigating Functionalization Impacts on Structural Features of Barbituric Acid Derivatives: DFT Approach
Authors: Hajali, Narjes | Taghva Manesh, Afshin | Seif, Ahmad
Abstract: Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate electronic and structural properties of barbituric acid (BA) and sixtheen of its derivatives to show impacts of structural functionalization on the features of parent BA. The models were optimized and the minimum energy structures were confirmed by frequency calculations. Molecular and atomic descriptors were evaluated for the optimized models, in which the results of formation binding strength and molecular orbital features indicated significance of such functionalization processes on the observed properties. The highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) and their related parameters all indicated magnitudes of …changes from one molecule to another one. Furthermore, atomic scale quadrupole coupling constants (Cq) were evaluated for the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of BA compounds showing significance of structural functionalization impacts on the atomic properties of parent BA. As a consequence, such structural analyses of BA compounds could show their characteristic features for further developments especially for their efficient pharmaceutical applications. Show more
Keywords: Barbituric acid, structural modification, molecular orbital, DFT
Extraction of barium oxide nanoparticles from petroleum waste sludge wastes
Authors: Khalil, N.M. | Algamal, Yousif
Abstract: Petroleum Waste sludge (PWS) could be used as unusual source for the extraction of barium oxide nanoparticles. A hydrothermal method was adapted to precipitate barium as barium hydroxide that calcined at different calcination temperatures up to 1000 °C to obtain barium oxide nano particles. The mineralogical composition, morphology, particle size and spot analysis of the extracted particles were followed using XRD and SEM+EDAX techniques. These investigations confirmed the purity and nano size of barium oxide particles extracted from PWS at 600 °C.
Keywords: Barium oxide, petroleum waste, XRD, SEM
Platinum complexation with glutamate amino acid: Computational study
Authors: Jahani, Seyedehdelaram | Ghiasi, Mina
Abstract: In this research work, complex formation of platinum (Pt) metal particle with the glutamate (Glu) amino acid was investigated by performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Such application could be very much important regarding the importance of developing metal based biosensors for biological media. To achieve the purpose of this work, two spin numbers of 0 and 1 were considered for Pt for locating separately towards neutral and anionic forms of Glu for Pt / Glu complexes formations. The obtained results of optimization and QTAIM analyses indicated various configurations for different spin numbers of Pt metal particle towards each of …neutral and anionic forms of Glu. Existence of covalent bond was observed for most cases in addition to existence of weak van der Waals interactions for the complexes. Show more
Keywords: Glutamate amino acid, platinum, density functional theory (DFT), QTAIM
Issue 3, 4


text:
Alexander Djiku: Akonnor hails "outstanding" Black Stars new boy
By FootyGhana	 On Nov 18, 2020
Black Stars head coach Charles Akonnor has hailed the performance of new defender Alexander Djiku.
The FC Strasbourg centre-back has been capped four times for the Ghana senior national team after making his debut in an international friendly against Mali in October.
Akonnor says the 26-year-old's ability to adapt has been key to his positive performances so far.
"Djiku has been outstanding at the back and I'm happy that he has done so well," he said of the French-born.
The 26-year-old enjoyed his first international games on the African continent when the Black Stars faced Sudan in back-to-back games in the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations (Afcon) qualifying at Cape Coast and Omdurman respectively.
An impressed Akonnor said: "I was even surprised because of the heat."
"This is someone who was born in Europe but you didn't really see much of him struggling until he picked up the injury [in the visit to Sudan]."
Not only is Djiku a natural centre-back but also a defensive midfielder. He has already featured in both positions in his four Ghana caps.
Ghana beat Sudan 2-0 at Cape Coast but succumbed to a 1-0 defeat away Sudan in the November Afcon qualifiers. That delays the Black Stars qualification to the Cameroon tournament until the next round of qualifiers in March 2021.
Mali, Tunisia qualify as Afcon 2021 wraps for the week
LIST: 30 Black Queens invited for Morocco friendly


text:
Diesel exhaust system could save firefighters
Oak Ridge City Council is expected to vote tonight on a measure that could protect Oak Ridge firefighters from getting cancer.
The meeting begins tonight at 7 in the Oak Ridge Municipal Building Courtroom.
Council will vote on whether to spend $130,000 for the purchase and installation of a diesel exhaust system to capture diesel exhaust from fire trucks while they are in their fire stations.
Chief Darryl Kerley said in a memo that diesel exhaust from these vehicles "have been identified as containing carcinogenic compounds, which presents a silent danger to the Fire Department personnel. Firefighters have been documented to have higher incidents of cancer than the general population in part due to exposure to the diesel exhaust fumes in the fire stations."
In his State of the City Address at the League of Women Voters Meeting last week, Oak Ridge City Manager Mark Watson described the devices as similar to a hose which "pops off" of the exhaust pipes after the truck leaves the station. He called these exhaust systems a "great thing" and listed them as one of the city's top projects, along with more high-profile projects like Blankenship Field improvements and construction of a new water treatment plant.
Kerley stated the exhaust systems will be installed at Oak Ridge Fire Stations No. 1, 2 and 3.
Council will vote on many other issues, including whether The Preserve at Oak Ridge development can build a small golf course and a memorandum of understanding with the Department of Energy regarding a K-25 museum.
A full agenda is available at www.oakridgetn.gov. Citizens may comment on agenda items during their discussion by council or on unrelated matters toward the end of the meeting.


100% Vegan Shopping, from Foods to Shoes: Primal Strips Seitan, Shiitake, or Soy Jerky -- 15% OFF!
Primal Strips Seitan, Shiitake, or Soy Jerky -- 15% OFF!
PRIMAL STRIPS SEITAN, SHIITAKE, OR SOY JERKY (1 oz.) -- 15% OFF THE REGULAR PRICE OF $1.60!
Delicious, moist jerky strips in seitan and soy varieties. Vegan and all natural. Choose from Teriyaki Seitan, Hickory Smoked Soy, Texas BBQ soy, Thai Peanut Seitan, Mesquite Lime Seitan, or Hot & Spicy Shiitake.
Ingredients (Teriyaki): Non-GMO vital gluten (wheat protein), water, naturally brewed soy sauce (water, non-GMO soybeans, wheat, sea salt), expeller pressed canola oil, licorice root, unrefined evaporated cane juice, yeast, sea salt, natural vegetarian spices.
Ingredients (Hickory Smoked): Non-GMO isolated high fiber soy protein, water, naturally brewed soy sauce, expeller pressed canola oil, licorice root, unrefined evaporated cane juice, yeast, sea salt, natural smoke flavoring, natural vegetarian spices.
Ingredients (Texas BBQ): Non-GMO isolated Soy protein, water, unrefined evaporated cane juice, naturally brewed soy sauce, vinegar, sea salt, natural smoke flavoring, natural vegetarian spices.


text:
Volume 17, No. 3 Buffalo County Historical Society May-June, 1994
REMINISCENCES OF RALPH M. GRIMES
Editor's note: In December of 1932 the Kearney Daily Hub printed a letter sent to it by Roy Bernard of Long Beach, California. Bernard had been in the newspaper business in Kearney and the surrounding area and he compiled this letter from conversations he had with 90-year old Ralph M. Grimes. The following are excerpts from that letter. Several days before this letter appeared in print, a notice had appeared in the Hub reporting the death of Mr. Grimes.
--Philip S. Holmgren
Ralph M. Grimes is a Civil war veteran, having enisted at Colesburg, Iowa, October 4, 1861, as a member of Company H, Twelfth Iowa. He was mustered out October 18, 1865, after serving four years and fourteen days.
Following the war he returned to his home in Iowa, and later was sent to Lowell, Nebraska, as agent for the Burlington railroad. At that time Lowell was the county seat of Kearney county, and the United States Land Office also was located at that point.
In the fall of 1872 Mr. Grimes was transferred to Kearney as agent for the Burlington, when this railroad was building west, and had reached that point, thus forming a junction with the Union Pacific.
Early Railroad yards. Note first Burlington Depot.
Mr. Grimes relates that the day he reached Kearney all of the Platte valley west of that point had been swept by a prairie fire, and upon his arrival to take charge of his new position a high wind was blowing and the air was filled with smoke, burned grass ashes, sand and dirt, and he thought he had come to the end of the world.
Mr. and Mrs. Grimes found lodging in a shack standing just south of where the Burlington depot now stands (Ave. A), this shack being known as the "Riley Hotel." A stove fire was going in the hotel, the stovepipe running up through a board floor, and soon after his arrival and during the high wind the floor of his room became ignited, but was soon discovered by him and the fire extinguished with a pitcher of water that happened to be in his room. So far as he has any record this was the beginning of the well-organized fire department Kearney now has.
Upon the arrival of Mr. Grimes in Kearney in 1872 he relates there were but few buildings on the north side of the Union Pacific tracks. E.M. Webb, better known as Captain Webb, had built a home on the corner of Central Avenue and Twenty-first street, where the Andrews building now stands. L.D. Grant also had erected a home where the State College now stands and which, at that time, was "way out in the country." Also there was a salloon (sic) on Railroad street.
At the time of his arrival in Kearney the Burlington railroad owned all of the ground south of the railroad tracks, and was disposing of its town lots as rapidly as possible. The Union Pacific had no depot and none of its trains made a stop at Kearney. The Burlington erected a depot upon its present site, and it was the intention of the two railroads to make Mr. Grimes their joint agent, but when the Burlington learned that he previously has been with the Union Pacific, different arrangements were made.
J.N. Keller was at that time agent for the Union Pacific at Buda, and as a result of the arrangement made, the Buda office was closed and Mr. Keller was sent to Kearney, where he occupied the north half of the Burlington depot as agent for the Union Pacific, while Mr. Grimes occupied the south half of the depot as agent for the Burlington.
Within a short time thereafter the question came up of building a bridge across the Platte river south of Kearney so that the people residing on the south side of the river could get across to do their marketing and trading without encountering the dangers of quicksand. It was proposed that a bond of $42,000 for this purpose be voted upon.
Wooden Bridge across the Platte
Mr. Grimes has by this time become a part of Kearney and was in favor of the bonds. He was waited upon by Burlington officials and not only requested, but commanded, to get out among his friends and acquaintances and work against the bonds, these officials stating that the bonds would make their taxes prohibitive if they carried. This Mr. Grimes refused to do.
At the election the bonds carried and the lumber for the bridge, in due time, was shipped to Kearney over the Burlington and unloaded. The people of Kearney were indignant because of the stand Burlington had taken against the bonds, and an injunction against the use of the lumber shipped over that road was served. As a result, the lumber laid in the yard for over a year before the injunction was dissolved.
Because of his stand for the bonds, Mr. Grimes lost his position with the Burlington and stepped over the other side of the depot as night agent for the Union Pacific, which position he held for two years.
On a certain morning as Mr. Grimes was walking downtown a friend stopped him and infomed him he had received the appointment as postmaster at Kearney. Mr Grimes did not know that his name had been suggested and was not aware of the fact and would not believe his friend until he was shown a copy of an Omaha paper containing a special from Washington to the effect he had received his appointment. This position he held for eleven years.
In 1887, following his postmastership, Mr. Grimes was elected as treasurer of Buffalo County, although he did not seek the nomination and made but little effort during the campaign, however, he was elected by the largest majority ever recorded in the county up to that time. A Mr. Moon, residing at Shelton, a stranger in the county, received the nomination for county treasurer at the republican convention. While Mr. Grimes had always been affiliated with the republican party, he received his nomination by the combined efforts of the democratic and people's independent parties. He served one term as treasurer and was defeated for a second term.
Early Central Avenue scene looking north from railroad.
Note A.L. Webb building at 21st Street and Central Avenue.
During the early part of his residence in Kearney the village was having, at frequent intervals, considerable trouble with the Texas cowboys when they arrived from that state with a herd of cattle. At the end of their journey they were paid off and as soon as they received their money a trip to the frontier bar as made. After partaking freely from the "Cup that cheers" they would mount their ponies and proceed to shoot up the town. In 1887 [probably 1877] a genuine street battle took place. The citizens and the sheriff had grown fired of dodging bullets for the entertainment of the cowboys.
Six of the cowboys arrived in town, proceeded to load up on "ad whiskey," mount their ponies and raced up Central Avenue, shooting as they went. The sheriff (a Mr. Anderson), who had homesteaded where the now nationally known Watson ranch is located, was called. He stationed a number of men with guns at the railroad crossing on Central Avenue, while he went to meet the cowboys as they came back down the street. They paid no attention to Sheriff Anderson and the officers were compelled to kill the leader. The remaining cowboys rode out of town leaving their dead leader. They added to their number and went to Lowell that evening and proceeded to shoot up that town, killing two of the citizens and almost wrecking the entire town.
They threatened to return to Kearney and 'sack the town,' but a vigilance committee, composed of western men who knew how to use their firearms, was organized and this committee sent word to the cowboys that every man in Kearney had a rifle and was readv to shoot it out with them. The cowboys failed to return and that was the last trobue (trouble?-ed.) the citizens of Kearney had with them.
Mr. Grimes was one of the men to propose the building of the canal west of Kearney for irrigation and power purposes, and this work was carried to a conclusion soon thereafter.
Mr. Grimes was in Kearney when the tracks for the street railway were laid, the first motive power being furnished by mules. Later electric cars were installed, but the project was never a paying one.
In those days Kearney boasted of a cotton mill, a woolen mill, a cracker factory, a paper mill, an oatmeal mill, and a plow factory. While Mr. Grimes lived in Kearney, it grew from a village of 250 inhabitants to a city of 12,000 people.
Proofread 2-25-2002
Edited 3/14/2003
Back to Buffalo Tales Homepage
Back to Buffalo County Historical Society home page


A crazy festival where we celebrate a old terrorist.
Ah, yes, "remember remember the Fifth of November." One wonders what Fawkes would make of it all.
I guess it's a good excuse for a lot of beautiful fireworks.


text:
Cédric Gohy (born 16 February 1975) is a Belgian fencer. He competed in the individual foil event at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1975 births
Living people
Belgian male fencers
Belgian foil fencers
Olympic fencers of Belgium
Fencers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
People from Verviers
Sportspeople from Liège Province

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home › Class 10 NCERT Civics Solutions › NCERT Class 10 Civics Chapter 4 - Gender, Religion and Caste
NCERT Class 10 Civics Chapter 4 - Gender, Religion and Caste
Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste
Question 1: Define sexual division of labour.
Answer: A system in which all work inside the home is either done by women of the family, or organized by them through the domestic helpers.
Question 2: How did the sexual division of labour affect the women's role in politics?
• Due to sexual division of labour, though women constitute half of the humanity, their role in politics is minimal.
• Earlier only men were allowed to participate in public affairs, vote and contest for public offices.
• Later, women in different parts of the world agitated for equal rights and got them gradually.
Question 3: What are feminist movements?
Answer: Movements led by women and or men demanding enhancement of political and legal status of women and improving their educational and career opportunities, equality in personal and family life as well are called feminist movements.
Question 4: How have these movements / political expression of gender helped to improve women's role in public life?
• Due to political expression of gender, now we find women working as scientists, doctors, engineers, lawyers etc., which were not considered suitable for women.
• Improvement in literacy rate.
• Increase in women's representation in the legislative bodies (though 10% only).
• Improvement in quality of life (through various Acts).
• Abolition of certain social evils that targeted women.
Question 5: In our country, women still lag much behind men despite some improvement since independence. Give reasons.
• The literacy among women is only 65.46% compared with 82.14% among men.
• School drop-out rate is high among girls because parents prefer to spend their resources for their boys' education rather than spending equally on their sons and daughters.
• The proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is very small (due to lack of adequate education and skills).
• In almost all areas of work, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work.
• In many parts of India parents prefer to have sons and find ways to have the girl child aborted leading to a decline in sex ratio (943:1000).
• Women are subjected to various kinds of harassment, exploitation and violence (at home as well as outside).
Question 6: The proportion of women in the legislature is very low in India. Explain. / What is the status of women's representation in India's legislative bodies?
• The percentage of elected women members in the Lok Sabha is only 10% of its total strength.
• The percentage of elected women members in the State Legislative Assemblies is less than 5%.
• India is behind the averages of several developing countries of Africa and Latin America.
• In the government, cabinets are largely all-male even when a woman becomes the Chief Minister or the Prime Minister.
Question 7: Mention the steps that can be taken to improve the women's representation in politics.
• To reserve seats in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies for women, as has been done at the Panchayat Raj level.
• Political parties should give due representation to women candidates.
• Increase literacy rate.
• Encouragement from family members.
Question 8: Unlike gender differences, the religious differences are often expressed in the field of politics. Explain.
• Gandhiji used to say that religion can never be separated from politics. What he meant by this is that politics must be guided by ethics drawn from religion.
• Human rights groups argue that most of the victims of communal clashes are people from religious minorities. They have demanded that the government should take special steps to protect religious minorities.
• Women's movement has argued that family laws of all religions discriminate against women. They demanded that the government should change these laws to make them more equitable.
Question 9: How can religion influence politics?
• People of different religious communities should be able to express their needs, interests and demands, in politics.
• Those who hold political power should be able to regulate the practices of a religion to prevent discrimination and oppression.
• Those who hold power should treat all religions equally.
Question 10: What is communal politics?
• When religion is seen as the basis of a nation.
• When beliefs of one religion are presented as superior to those of other religions.
• When the demands of one religious group are formed in opposition to another.
• When state power is used to establish domination of one religious group over the rest.
• This manner of using religion in politics is communal politics.
Question 11: What is communalism?
Answer: Communalism involves thinking along the following lines:
• The followers of a particular religion must belong to one community.
• Their fundamental interests are the same.
• Any difference that they may have is irrelevant or trivial for community life.
• That people who follow different religions cannot belong to the same social community.
• In its extreme form, communalism leads to the belief that people belonging to different religions cannot live as equal citizens within one nation.
• This attitude might lead to the domination of one religious community over the other / disintegration of the country.
Example: India - Pakistan partition.
Question 12: "Communalism can take various forms in politics." Explain.
• Communalism involves religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and belief in the superiority of one's religion over the other religions.
• It often leads to a quest for political domination of one religious community (usually the majority religious community) which may lead to the demand for a separate state by the minority religious community.
• It involves use of sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeal or plain fear, at the time of elections, in order to bring the followers of one religion together.
• It may lead to communal violence, riots and massacre.
Question 13: "Communalism was and continues to be one of the major challenges to democracy in our country". What is the remedy to it? / mention the constitutional provisions that made India a secular state.
• The constitutional makers chose the model of a secular state.
• There is no official religion for the Indian state.
• Right to Freedom of Religion is given to all individuals.
• The constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
• The constitution allows the state to intervene in the matters of religion to ensure equality within religious communities. For example, the government of India banned untouchability.
Question 14: What is casteism / caste system? Give a brief account on the caste system in India.
• In caste system, hereditary occupational division was sanctioned by rituals.
• Members of the same caste group were supposed to form a social community that practiced the same or similar occupation, married within the caste group and did not eat with members from other caste groups.
• Caste system was based on exclusion of and discrimination against the 'outcaste' groups.
Question 15: "Caste system in India has undergone great changes". Give reasons.
• Political leaders and social reformers like Jotiba Phule, Gandhiji, B.R.Ambedkar etc. advocated and worked to establish a society in which caste inequalities are absent.
• Large scale urbanization, growth of literacy and education, occupational mobility and the weakening of the position of landlords in the villages.
• The constitutional provisions prohibiting any caste based discrimination.
• All these reasons were responsible for the changes in the caste system in India.
Question 16: "Caste has not disappeared from contemporary India." Give reasons.
• Even now most people marry within their own caste or tribe.
• Untouchability has not ended completely, despite constitutional prohibition.
• The groups that did not have access to education, lagged behind economically.
Question 17: What are the various forms caste can take in politics?
• When parties choose candidates in elections, they keep in mind the caste composition of the electorate and nominate candidates from different castes so that they can win elections.
• When governments are formed, political parties usually take care that representatives of different castes and tribes find a place in it.
• Political parties and candidates in elections make appeals to caste sentiment to muster support.
• Political parties try to mobilize and secure political support as all the votes carry the same value (one person, one vote, one value).
Question 18: "Elections are all about caste and nothing else." Do you agree with the statement? Give reasons to support your answer. / State reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine elections results in India.
Answer: I do not agree that elections are all about caste and nothing else.
→ Reasons:
• No parliamentary constituency in the country has a clear majority of one single caste. So, every candidate and party needs to win the confidence of more than one caste and community to win elections.
• No party wins the votes of all the voters of a caste or community.
• Many political parties may put up candidates from the same caste. Some voters have more than one candidate from their caste while many voters have no candidate from their caste.
• The ruling party and the sitting M.P or M.L.A frequently lose elections in our country. This could not have happened if all castes and communities were frozen in their political preferences.
Question 19: How does politics influence the caste system?
• Each caste group tries to become bigger by incorporating within it neighbouring castes or sub-castes which were earlier excluded from it.
• Various caste groups are required to enter into a coalition with other castes or communities and thus enter into a dialogue and negotiation.
• New kinds of caste groups have come up in the political arena like 'backward' and 'forward' caste groups.
Anonymous 12 July, 2021
vs.eyeandcontacts.com 12 July, 2021


Both Phones comes with 5.5-inch (1280 x 720 pixels) HD 2.5D curved display with Corning Gorilla Glass protection powered by 1.5 GHz Octa-Core MediaTek MT6750 processor with 4GB RAM and 64GB of internal storage.
Oppo F1s also has 3GB RAM and 32GB of internal storage model. Vivo V5s has a 20MP front camera and 13MP Rear camera. Whereas Oppo F1s has a 16MP front camera and 13MP Rear camera.
Vivo V5s comes in Matte black and Gold color priced at Rs 18990 whereas Oppo F1s 4GB RAM is now available for Rs 17990, 3GB RAM is now available for Rs 15999.


A glossary of terms used with Chinese-style seals. See Seal knobs for terms about the decoration on the top of seals. See Seal Materials for terms about the materials used in the making of seals. Contact us if you have any corrections or additions.
Eight-fold zhuan script, in which vertical lines are folded back and forth to fill the available space.
See also: jiu die wen.
Literally "white writing." A seal with white characters on a red background; sometimes referred to by the western art term intaglio.
A half-squared seal, or half-size seal. A rectangular seal used by lower ranking officials.
A graver (for engraving characters on a seal, etc.); burin.
See also: ke dao, tie bi, yin dao.
A seal colophon, or side inscription on a seal stone. "Usually appears on the left side of the seal when the seal is held in the correct position for making an impression." A side inscription, if long, will start on the left side and then continue to the left around the sides of the seal stone. The illustration shows a rubbing of a side inscription.
A western term for the steel tool used for engraving. Sometimes used as a translation for the Chinese seal carving knife although the tools in east and west look nothing alike and are not used in the same way.
Can refer to any stone with red coloring, though the term usually refers to a variety of changhua stone.
For more see: Seal Material.
See also: ji xue shi.
Swift knife/pushing cut, a seal-cutting technique.
Bird and insect script (calligraphy). Often used on seals.
Rectangular seal carved on two sides with a hole between to thread a cord through. The illustration is a bronze seal from the Han dynasty.
"Word" seals, as opposed to pictorial seals.
(To) stamp with a seal.
Literally "great seal"; the seal of power.
Single knife. A seal-cutting technique.
Knifework in the design of seals.
See also: zhang fa, zhuan fa.
The Deng school of seal carving, founded by Deng Shiru (1743-1805).
A type of calligraphy featuring characters twisting and turning like worms.
"Jelly," refers to the shiny transparent look of a stone.
See: xi ling ba jia.
Square seal. The most common shape for a seal.
Silk ribbon traditionally attached to a seal.
Ancient seal. Usually refers to Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) and older seals.
Pre-Qin dynasty (221-206 BCE) script.
Seal (the animal). This has absolutely nothing to do with Chinese seal carving.
Seals using Mongolian characters. Popular in the Yuan dynasty (1260-1368).
See also: yuan ya yin.
The Hui school of seal carving.
This term is often used for yinwen/baiwen seals. A western art term referring to a raised background with subject carved out. We should stop using this term for seal carving as it confuses almost everyone.
Refers to the transparent look of a stone.
Haste seal; literally: urgently improvised seal. Often made by the military in ancient China where an officer might need to be quickly promoted. Blank bronze seals were sometimes brought along on campaign just for this purpose. Some modern seal carvers imitate their clumsy look.
Seals with propitious phrases/auspicious words.
Nine-fold/bend script, in which lines are folded to fill up the available space. Created after the Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279), primarily for official seals.
See also: ba die zhuan.
Engrave. See also: zhuan ke.
Carving knife, burin, graver, seal-cutting knife.
See also: bi dao, tie bi, yin dao.
Carve a chop; engrave a seal.
Carve characters [on seals, etc.].
Twin seals; two seals carved on the same stone. Often with one baiwen and one zhuwen.
Willow leaf zhuan script. A style of zhuan script writing used with seals where both ends of the strokes taper to a point.
Sinuous seal script. The most common script style found in Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) seals. The name comes from the way strokes can be twisted or altered to fit the design.
See also: yin shou zhang.
Chopping cut, a seal-cutting technique.
Also called relief carving. Often used when referring to yangwen/zhuwen seals. A western art term meaning a raised surface with the background carved out. We should stop using this term for seal carving as it confuses almost everyone.
Stone drum script, used on seals and named for the ancient drum-shaped stones on which the calligraphy was engraved. Transitional between dazhuan and xiaozhuan scripts. The illustration shows one of these stone drums.
Silk ribbon attached to an official seal.
Collection seal; usually with the name of the art collector. Characterized only by the text and not by the style.
See also: zhai shi yin.
"Double knife," a seal-cutting technique.
Four-sided seal with a hole through the center.
The four perfections: poetry, calligraphy, painting, and seal carving.
"Iron brush," the chisel used in seal carving.
See also: bi dao, ke dao, yin dao.
Iron seal/stamp. An uncommon material for seals.
Oval seal. See also: chang yuan yin.
Elliptical seal, somewhat like a rectangular seal.
The Wan school of seal carving.
Eight Masters of Xiling: Chen Hongshou, Chen Yuzhong, Ding Jing, Huang Yi, Jiang Ren, Qian Song, Xi Gang, and Zhao Zhichen. All active in Zhejiang province.
Imperial seal and attached cord.
Official and private seals used, up to the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), as a means of authentication.
See also: gu xi yin.
Leisure seal/private seal usually containing an idiom or poetic quotation.
Seals with animal figures; pictorial seals.
Literally: small seal script, as opposed to the earlier large seal script. Commonly used on seals.
Suspended needle seal script. Said to have been created by calligraphers Shi Weize and Qu Lingwen during the Tang dynasty (618-907). Sometimes used on seals, with thick verticals tapering to a point at the bottom.
Bottom corner seal/balancing corner seal; usually square.
"Yang writing" or "positive" seal; seal with red characters on a white background.
Seal handle, an elongated handle on ancient bronze seals.
Seal material, uncut seal stone.
See also: bi dao, ke dao, tie bi.
Literally a "seal bed," a vise used to hold seals while carving.
Seal rule, used to help position a seal when stamping a work of art.
Inkpad, container for seal ink.
A book of seal impressions. Blank books are sold for this purpose.
"Foremost seal," colophon-head seal, upper right-hand corner seal; usually oblong.
See also: qi shou zhang, ying shou zhang.
"Yin writing" or "negative" seal, seals with white characters on a red background.
Seal case, or a box for holding seals.
The general term for seals.
The study of seal engraving.
"Seal chopsticks," a paddle used to stir the seal ink paste. Steel is discouraged (though I don't know why). Antique ones are sometimes made from ivory, modern ones from bone or plastic.
"Leading seal," upper right-hand corner seal; usually oblong.
Jade chopstick seal script. Said to have been created by calligrapher Li Yangbing during the Tang dynasty (618-907). Sometimes used on seals, with thick squared-off white characters on a dark background.
Seals using Mongolian characters. Popular in the Yuan dynasty (1260-1368) when the Mongols ruled China. Sometimes with both Mongolian and Chinese characters, as in this example.
See also: hua ya yin.
Round-relief script. Thin rounded red characters on a white background. In use since the Song and Yuan dynasties (960-1368).
See also: shu zhai ming yin.
The art of composition in the design of seals; one of the three skills of seal carving.
See also: dao fa, zhuan fa.
The Zhe school of seal carving, founded by Ding Jing (1695-1765).
Motto seal (zhenyan = maxim, precept).
"A variation of xiaozhuan with strokes with bifurcate ends." The "v" shaped ending on a stroke is the result of the double-cut technique, without squaring off the ends of the stroke.
A seal with both red and white characters.
Cinnabar paste for seal imprints; seal ink.
"Red writing," a seal with red characters on a white background.
The calligraphic aspect of seal design; seal character writing technique; one of the three skills of seal carving along with zhangfa and daofa. See also: dao fa, zhang fa.
A person who carves seals.
"Mother and child seal" with one or more small seals nested inside a larger one. This example, from the Freer/Sackler Galleries in Washington, DC has the body of the tortoise as one seal and the head and neck as another, smaller seal.


text:
Richard Kerr (English)
Richard Kerr (born 1952, St Catherines Ontario) is a Canadian visual artist and filmmaker based in Montréal, where he teaches experimental film at Concordia University. Since the late 1970's Kerr has produced an expansive body of work in analog film and digital video which have been screened at festivals, and collected by museums and galleries around the world.
Emerging as an important figure in the history of Canadian experimental cinema, Kerr has also maintained a dedicated teaching practice spanning over a period of 30 years. Within this period the nature and technological means of the moving image have profoundly changed while informing and expanding his relationship to his studio practice and pedagogical concerns. His work prompts a return to an experimental investigation of the image's fundamental qualities, revealing film as material, chemical and translucent. Kerr's work is both formal and tactile as he is concerned with the materiality of the image within an era of dematerialization that pushes the image towards a digital form, where images render themselves less visible yet ubiquitously opaque. In the late 1990's he began making Motion Picture Weavings, a form he continues to explore in his studio as a direct response to the changing nature of filmmaking.


Below are our Membership Levels, and their benefits. To Join, please select your Membership Level below, then click NEXT button at the bottom of the page. You'll be asked for your email address, then other information depending on the Membership Level you've chosen. The term bundle indicates a group Membership Level, allowing more than one individual.
At the end, online payment via either Credit Card or Paypal is accepted. If you are Renewing your membership, please use Renew rather than Join. Memberships begin upon payment (or your next renewal date, if you renew in advance), and do not automatically recur annually.
• Complimentary1 year gift membership for a family member, friend or business colleague.
• Complimentary 1 year gift membership for a family member, friend or business colleague.
This is the entry level into our major Donor Circle, and participants' names are listed on the annual donor wall, showcased at the Annual Meeting and in the Annual Report.


text:
CTA S 2003 PROPOSED BUDGET CONTINUES COMMITMENT TO CUSTOMERS
Chicago Transit Authority President Frank Kruesi today presented his budget proposal for 2003. The budget recommends an aggressive capital improvement program that will advance the ongoing efforts to rebuild the CTA system, continue its commitment to customer service and improve transit services for customers.
At $924.6 million, the proposed operating budget is just 1.1 percent ($9.8 million) higher than this year's budget. Ridership and revenue are forecast to grow by 1.1 percent and 1.4 percent respectively over this year's forecast, with a 2.7 percent increase in public funding over the 2002 budget.
As a result of cost-conscious management, no fare increases or service cuts are proposed. Due to the weak economy and the uncertainty of state resources, holding the line on fares will be a challenge in the future. Fares have held steady at $1.50 since December 1991. If fares were indexed to inflation they would now be nearly $2.00.
The 2003 budget proposal includes a capital improvement plan of $539 million. Projects include: the ongoing rehabilitation of the Cermak (Douglas) Branch of the Blue Line; the Brown Line Capacity Expansion Project; delivery of 151 low-floor articulated buses; installation of an automated bus announcement system; upgrading the bus turnaround at 95th Street; renovating eight stations on the Dan Ryan Branch of the Red Line; the reconfiguration of Harrison Curve; upgrades to the signal and communications systems at Clark Junction; and the selection of a manufacturer for new 'L' cars.
The CTA projects a balanced budget as required by law. Public funding required for operations equals the funding mark of $453.5 million set by the Regional Transportation Authority (RTA). The Recovery Ratio, which measures the portion of operating expenses the CTA has to fund from revenues it generates, is forecast at 52.6 percent, which is slightly higher than the required ratio set by the RTA.
"This budget was developed after a year of meeting financial challenges. Through discipline and careful management, we have been able to develop a balanced budget for 2003," explained CTA President Frank Kruesi. "The CTA has made significant progress in a few short years. We overcame financial challenges and secured the funding necessary to invest in a system that was rapidly falling into disrepair. Given the weak economy and the uncertainty of state resources in the future, the CTA faces financial challenges in 2003 and beyond, but we are committed to continuing to provide the high quality service that CTA customers expect and deserve."
The Brown Line Capacity Expansion Project is designed to relieve congestion, meet anticipated increases in ridership, eliminate slow zones, and improve service delivery and passenger comfort. In addition, it will make the Brown Line accessible to all CTA customers, in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) guidelines. The CTA is working to secure a Full Funding Grant Agreement with the federal government to help fund this project.
Renovation of the Dan Ryan Branch of the Red Line will involve upgrading the bus turnaround at 95th Street and renovating eight stations located between Cermak Road and 87th Street. The work at each station will include replacing platform canopies, architectural components, existing escalators, station entrances and station houses, platform finishes, curb cuts and installing bus shelters.
As part of its aggressive replacement schedule to upgrade its fleet, the CTA will take delivery of 151 low-floor articulated buses to replace vehicles due for retirement. After advertising for bids in 2002, the CTA will select a manufacturer for up to 406 'L' cars. The new cars will replace one-third of the CTA's current rail fleet.
Construction is about to begin on the reconfiguration of Harrison Curve, one of the sharpest turns on the rail system. The new design will allow more trains to travel into the Loop per hour. Green and Orange Line trains will be able to increase their speed, relieving congestion and improving travel times for all four lines (Brown, Purple, Orange and Green) that use the Loop's elevated tracks.
Clark Junction will also be upgraded. Currently the CTA's busiest rail crossing on a 24-hour basis with 876 train movements on weekdays, Clark Junction is used by Red, Brown and Purple Line Express trains. Improvements will allow trains to travel through the junction faster, thereby relieving congestion and improving travel times for Red, Brown and Purple Line Express customers.
Security enhancements that were intensified in 2002 will continue to be refined in 2003. Initiatives include a redundant communications system, ongoing drills with the police and fire departments and a comprehensive incident command structure.
The Chicago Card will be introduced in fall 2002, offering customers the added convenience of touch and go access. More durable than Transit Cards, customers will not lose the remaining value on the Chicago Card if it is lost or stolen, once the card is registered.
?Link It," the Enterprise Resource Plan, which will improve electronic communication and recordkeeping throughout the entire agency, will continue implementation in 2003. Improving internal operations through technology will help to control and reduce operating costs, resulting in a more streamlined and efficient agency.
Even with all of these ambitious initiatives and projects, the CTA still has a great deal of work to do. It needs $5 billion over the next five years to bring the existing system into a state of good repair. Currently, the CTA has identified approximately $3.1 billion in funding and must secure an additional $1.9 billion to meet its needs.
"Weighing priorities against funding constraints and securing adequate funding in the future are the main financial challenges the agency faces in the years ahead," continued Kruesi. "We are grateful for the continuing support the CTA has received from Mayor Richard M. Daley, Governor George Ryan, U.S. House Speaker J. Dennis Hastert and many other elected officials at all levels of government. That bipartisan support demonstrates that public transit is an important part of the solution to regional traffic congestion."
Kruesi also thanked the RTA staff for its guidance during the preparation of this budget proposal.
2003 is a critical year for the CTA. The legislation that determines its federal funding levels, the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), will expire. Both Illinois FIRST and TEA-21 provide the funding that has made the CTA's capital improvements possible. Public transit is vital to the region and the CTA is committed to providing and continually enhancing solutions and services for its customers to meet today's demand as well as that of the future.
"The reauthorization of TEA-21 is essential for the CTA and its sister agencies to obtain the funding to meet the future needs of customers," added Kruesi. "We have worked hard to overcome financial challenges and secure the funding necessary to invest in a system that was rapidly falling into disrepair. Investment in the CTA is important to maintain our existing customers and attract new ones. Therefore we will be working hand-in-hand with the city, our sister agencies and the state to make sure the region's needs are considered during the reauthorization process."
The proposed budget is available for public review at the CTA's General Office at the Merchandise Mart, 300 N. Wells St., 7th floor, weekdays between 8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. Regular, large print, Braille and audio copies are available at this location.
Copies are also available at the main office of the Regional Transportation Authority located at 181 W. Madison St., Suite 1900, Chicago until October 25. The RTA will relocate its main office to 175 W. Jackson, 15th floor, Chicago as of October 28. A copy of the budget summary is also posted on the CTA's web site at www.transitchicago.com. A list of libraries and additional locations where the document will be available is attached.
Public comment will be taken into consideration prior to Board approval of the budget. Both verbal and written comments will be accepted at a public hearing on Wednesday, October 30, 2002, at 6 p.m. in the Red Lacquer Room, 4th floor of the Palmer House Hilton, 17 E. Monroe, Chicago. Written comments can also be submitted to the Board until November 8, 2002. The correspondence should be addressed to Gregory Longhini, Assistant Secretary of the Board, Chicago Transit Authority, P.O. Box 3555, Chicago, IL 60654-0555.
Chicago Public Library(3 locations)Harold Washington Public Library400 S. State Street, 10th FloorChicago, IL 60605
Sulzer Regional Library4455 N. Lincoln Ave.Chicago, IL 60625
Woodson Regional Library9525 S. HalstedChicago, IL 60628
Evanston Public Library1703 Orrington Ave.Evanston, IL 60201
Evergreen Park Public Library9400 S. Troy Evergreen Park, IL 60805
Oak Park Public Library834 Lake StreetOak Park, IL 60301
Riverdale Public Library208 W. 144th StreetRiverdale, IL 60827
Skokie Public Library5215 W. OaktonSkokie, IL 60077


If it was not for a rain delay, Richard Gasquet said, he would not have made it to the last eight of his home grand slam for the first time in 13 attempts on Sunday.
The Frenchman was 4-2 down in the opening set of his French Open fourth-round match against Japanese fifth seed Kei Nishikori, failing to cope with his opponent's rhythm on Court Philippe Chatrier.
"I think it was a very important time for me to stop because I was playing not good, I was playing far from the baseline and very slow," Gasquet told reporters.
After back-to-back defeats on clay against Nishikori in Rome and Madrid this season, Gasquet had to make changes.
"I knew that if I wanted to beat this guy, I needed to play very, very deep and very fast, because he's playing with big rhythm. If I'm playing short like I did in Rome and Madrid, I have no chance to win."
Gasquet's coach Sergi Bruguera made some loud points in the dressing-room during the rain interruption and the Frenchman came back fired up to win six games in a row and open a 6-4 2-0 lead.
After Italian Riccardo Piatti left him to guide Canadian Milos Raonic, Gasquet hired double French Open champion Sergi Bruguera as coach alongside fellow Frenchman Sebastien Grosjean.
"These guys have amazing experience, much more than coaches who have never played tennis. They can see how the game play is doing, they can see when my balls are too short or they can see when I'm playing too far, and they try and fine-tune that," said Gasquet.
"They see tennis. They know what it's about. That's what I really like about him. It's this huge experience. He's played the biggest games in the world, and you can't make that up."
Ninth seed Gasquet next faces world number two Andy Murray, who has beaten him in their four grand slam meetings, including coming back from two sets down in the fourth round at Wimbledon in 2008.
"He's a huge fighter. He runs all over the place. You never get a free point. He has a very powerful mind," Gasquet said.
"When the point is important, he serves fast, he sends back, physically he's perfect."


Below you fill find all funeral homes and cemeteries in or near Brookfield.
Brookfield is also known as: Cook County / Brookfield village.
Their current mayor is Mayor Kit P. Ketchmark.
Zip codes in the city: 60513.
Cook County funeral flowers can be purchased from one of the local funeral shops we partner with.
Some of the notable people born here have been: (lou saban), and (dennis mcdonald).
Brookfield (formerly Grossdale) is a suburban community in Cook County, Illinois, United States, 13 miles (21 km) west of downtown Chicago. The population was 18,978 at the 2010 census. It is home to the Brookfield Zoo.
It was revealed by Chicago Tribune on February 22nd, 2019 that James B Vuchetich died in Brookfield, Illinois. Vuchetich was 98 years old. Send flowers to express your sympathy and honor James B's life.
It was reported by Chicago Tribune on February 15th, 2019 that Nicholas Sasuta passed on in Brookfield, Illinois. Sasuta was 91 years old. Send flowers to share your condolences and honor Nicholas's life.
It was reported by Chicago Tribune on February 13th, 2019 that John R Mrizek perished in Brookfield, Illinois. Mrizek was 84 years old. Send flowers to share your condolences and honor John R's life.
It was reported by Chicago Tribune on January 27th, 2019 that Joseph F Sr Wysopal passed on in Brookfield, Illinois. Wysopal was 93 years old. Send flowers to share your condolences and honor Joseph F Sr's life.
It was revealed by Chicago Tribune on January 6th, 2019 that Jo-Anne Vogt died in Brookfield, Illinois. Vogt was 74 years old. Send flowers to share your condolences and honor Jo-Anne's life.
It was noted by Chicago Tribune on December 5th, 2018 that Ruth Ann Mrizek (Livesey) passed on in Brookfield, Illinois. Ms. Mrizek was 76 years old. Send flowers to express your sympathy and honor Ruth Ann's life.
It was revealed by Chicago Tribune on December 2nd, 2018 that Carmella M Valaskovic (Stiso) passed on in Brookfield, Illinois. Ms. Valaskovic was 95 years old. Send flowers to express your sorrow and honor Carmella M's life.
It was reported by Chicago Tribune on October 10th, 2018 that Ann T Boyd (Trepelas) passed on in Brookfield, Illinois. Ms. Boyd was 89 years old. Send flowers to share your condolences and honor Ann T's life.
It was reported on October 7th, 2018 that Horace "Bud" Carlsen died in Tarawa Atoll, Marshall Islands. Carlsen was 31 years old and was born in Brookfield, IL. Send flowers to express your sympathy and honor Horace "Bud"'s life.
It was noted on October 7th, 2018 that Horave Ernold "Bud" Carlsen passed on in Tarawa, Marshall Islands. Carlsen was 31 years old and was born in Brookfield, IL. Send flowers to express your sorrow and honor Horave Ernold "Bud"'s life.
Prospective buyers were enticed with free train rides, brass bands, picnic lunches, and an inevitable sales pitch. It was chosen after a contest to choose a new name yielded "Brookfield" in respect for Salt Creek, which runs through the area. In 1920, the old Plank Toll Road, now called Ogden Avenue (US Hwy 34), was paved, providing easy automobile access to and from Chicago. Brookfield (formerly Grossdale) is a village in Cook County, Illinois County, Illinois, 13 miles west of Chicago. The zoo is located on land given to the Forest Preserve District by Edith Rockefeller McCormick in 1919.
The official website for the city of Brookfield is https://brookfieldil.gov/.
Find a map, directions and more for Johnson Funeral Home in Brookfield, IL.
Listing all funeral homes in Brookfield, Missouri so you can easily send flowers to any location (same day delivery) or find any funeral service.
We work with local florists and flower shops to offer same day delivery. You will find budget sympathy flowers in Brookfield here. Our funeral flowers are cheap in price but not in value.


text:
FIFA Development Award
Title: FIFA Development Award
Subject: FIFA, Cornelis August Wilhelm Hirschman, FIFA International Referees List, Louis Muhlinghaus, Robert Guérin
Collection: Association Football Trophies and Awards, Fifa
The FIFA Development Award was an award given out by FIFA in 2008 and 2009 which was designed to exemplify the extraordinary amount of effort and financial support which go into increasing the development of football in those countries which need it most.
2008 Palestine In recognition of the Palestinian FA, who accomplished the difficult task of renovating the Faisal Al-Husseini Stadium and thus creating a national stadium
for Palestine which met FIFA standards and allowing the them to play their first official international match on home soil. Details
2009 China In recognition of the Chinese FA, who have successfully engaged a grassroots program in which more than a million Chinese youths are to be
involved in the development of the country's next generation of footballers. Details
Creation of the FIFA Development Award
History of FIFA
FIFA Anthem
FIFA Congress
FIFA Executive Committee
FIFA headquarters
Football at the Summer Olympics
List of football federations
International Football Association Board
Football codes
Beach football
Confederations
Men's tournaments
FIFA Beach Football World Cup
Blue Stars/FIFA Youth Cup
Women's tournaments
FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup
FIFA Women's Club World Cup
Robert Guérin (1904–1906)
Daniel Burley Woolfall (1906–1918)
Jules Rimet (1921–1954)
Rodolphe Seeldrayers (1954–1955)
Arthur Drewry (1955–1961)
Stanley Rous (1961–1974)
João Havelange (1974–1998)
Sepp Blatter (1998–2015)
Issa Hayatou (2015–present) (acting)
General Secretaries
Louis Muhlinghaus (1904–1906)
Wilhelm Hirschman (1906–1931)
Ivo Schricker (1932–1951)
Kurt Gassmann (1951–1960)
Helmut Käser (1961–1981)
Michel Zen-Ruffinen (1998–2002)
Urs Linsi (2002–2007)
Jérôme Valcke (2007–present)
FIFA Club of the Century
FIFA Fair Play Award
FIFA Female Player of the Century
FIFA FIFPro World XI
FIFA Order of Merit
FIFA Player of the Century
FIFA Presidential Award
FIFA Puskás Award
FIFA Women's World Cup awards
FIFA World Coach of the Year
FIFA World Cup All-Time Team
FIFA World Cup Dream Team
FIFA World Cup awards
FIFA World Player of the Year
FIFA World Rankings
FIFA World Ranking system (1999–2006)
FIFA Women's World Rankings
51st (Paris 1998)
53rd (Seoul 2002)
61st (Zürich 2011)
65th (Zürich 2015)
Extraordinary (Zürich 2016)
FIFA's Dirty Secrets
Garcia Report
2015 FIFA corruption case
FIFA (video game series)
List of FIFA country codes
FIFA Disciplinary Code
FIFA Fan Fest
FIFA Futbol Mundial
FIFA eligibility rules
FIFA International Match Calendar
FIFA International Referees List
FIFA Master
FIFA Transfer Matching System
FIFA World Cup Trophy
Non-FIFA
United Passions
Association football trophies and awards
Concacaf, Uefa, FIFA World Cup, Asian Football Confederation, Confederation of African Football
Fifa, Football, Scottish Football Association, Association football positions, Futsal
2010 FIFA World Cup, 2002 FIFA World Cup, 2014 FIFA World Cup, 2006 FIFA World Cup, Brazil
Argentina, Brazil, Spain, Portugal, 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup
Hong Kong, Beijing, Macau, Shanghai, Taiwan
Cornelis August Wilhelm Hirschman
FIFA Executive Committee, Association football, FIFA World Cup, FIFA U-20 World Cup, Fifa
Association football, Fifa, Futsal, Beach soccer, FIFA World Cup
Louis Muhlinghaus
Belgium, Fifa, Association football, FIFA World Cup, FIFA U-20 World Cup
Robert Guérin
Association football, France, Paris, FIFA World Cup, FIFA U-20 World Cup


If crude's slump back to a 6-year low looks bad, it's even worse when you reflect that summer is supposed to be peak season for oil. WTI, the US benchmark, fell to a 6-year low of $41.35 a barrel last Friday. We give you the low-down of where's probably crude heading to.
Summer is when refineries are all running hard, so actual demand for crude is as good as it gets. The oil market is still clearly oversupplied and it will get more so as refiners go into maintenance, says Seth Kleinman, Energy Strategy Head, Citigroup.