text:
Q: codeigniter active record where_in i'm using codeigniter 2xx.
Mysql table:
create table hobby (
id int,
school varchar,
classes varchar,
basketball text,  {12,15,17...}
football text,  {12,18,20...}
swimming text {11,15,....}
);

i intend to store the student id as serialized(array(integer)) in the mysql table fields like basketball, football and swimming.
I want to find out a particular class student id (eg. 12) if he has join any hobby or more than 1 hobby using codeigniter active records method but stuck. Below is my code:
$this->db->select('basketball','football','swimming');
$this->db->or_where('school', $data)->where('classes', $classid)->where_in($student_id, 'basketball');
$this->db->or_where('school', $data)->where('classes', $classid)->where_in($student_id, 'football');
$this->db->or_where('school', $data)->where('classes', $classid)->where_in($student_id, 'swimming');
$query = $this->db->get('hobby');

Or is there a better way to store & handle the information?

A: CREATE TABLE `student_hobby` (
  `id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `student_id` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `hobby_id` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

CREATE TABLE `hobby` (
  `id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` VARCHAR(500) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

set hobby student:
$this->db->insert('student_hobby', array('student_id' => 12, 'hobby_id' => 1));

select student who has 1 or more hobby:
$this->db->select('student.*, hobby.name');
$this->db->from('student_hobby');
$this->db->where('studend_id', 12);
$this->db->join('hobby', 'hobby.id = student_hobby.hobby_id');
// join to your existing student table. Fields `school` and `class` should be in `student` table.
$this->db->join('student', 'student.id = student_hobby.student_id');
$result = $this->db->get();

if($result->num_rows()) {
      // if student has one or more hobbies
}


You won't read much about Apocalypto that isn't first and foremost about Mel Gibson. It is, perhaps, unavoidable; the film's director is the drunken, ranting, reputation-self-immolating elephant in the room. Frames of the film will be dissected for what they will tell us about Gibson's now-infamous world-view. We'll look at his second consecutive film made in a largely-unknown language (following The Passion of the Christ), and conclude that it's because employing the English language only seems to get Gibson in trouble.
If Gibson were not such a polarizing figure, we probably wouldn't be paying much attention at all to a subtitled drama without a single familiar actor ... oh, and which happens to be set in the Yucatan peninsula 500 years ago. But without Gibson's baggage, it might also be easier to recognize what a purely, primally effective piece of filmmaking Apocalypto turned out to be. You may not understand the language of Yucatec, but it's hard not to understand Gibson's language of pure visual cinema.
In pre-Columbian America, Apocalypto begins with a village and a young hunter named Jaguar Paw (Rudy Youngblood). The things he values are simple — his family, including his pregnant wife Seven (Dalia Hernandez), and the bonds of his village. But that simplicity is shattered when the village is raided by Holcane warriors, led by the fierce Zero Wolf (Raoul Trujillo). Jaguar Paw manages to hide his wife and young son in a deep pit, but he is taken prisoner, along with several fellow villagers, and marched to a Mayan city. The lucky ones will be sold as slaves; others may find themselves sacrificed to the gods.
For a while, Apocalypto is almost clumsily obvious in its devotion to Screenwriting 101 first-act structure. A kinetically-staged opening tapir hunt gives way to everyday village life that will soon be obliterated. We see Jaguar Paw in all his domestic happiness, so that his later separation from the family will resonate. And the comic relief — including broad gags at the expense of Jaguar Paw's friend Blunted (Jonathan Brewer), and the revelation that "meddling mother-in-law" humor transcends time and culture — allows for a connection with a people not too unlike us.
But these tried-and-true methods — employed by Gibson and co-screenwriter Farhad Safinia — do exactly what they're supposed to do. Once the fundamentals of our protagonist's plight are established, Gibson sets the quest in motion and rarely lets it rest. At 135 minutes, Apocalypto is a minor masterpiece of pacing, the propulsive momentum of the set pieces keeping Jaguar Paw's survival imperative always at the forefront. The occasional cuts back to Seven and her son in the pit — with their lives threatened by lack of food, the possibility of flood or even a stray wombat — only heighten the urgency. There's also a truly terrific villain in Jaguar Paw's cruel, taunting antagonist Middle Eye (Gerardo Taracena), the kind of bad guy that elevates any action film. In the final hour of the film, few words are spoken that even require subtitles — because the storytelling is so clear and stripped-down.
The relative silence also allows you to appreciate what Gibson accomplishes on the level of sheer spectacle. The Mayan city — as realized by production designer Tom Sanders — comes to life as a place not just alien to us, but alien even to Jaguar Paw and his comrades. Yet in microcosm, we see the entire culture: slaves at work, ladies of leisure with their elaborate hairstyles, religious ceremonies, vendors in a vibrant marketplace. If anything was clear from Braveheart and The Passion of the Christ, it's that Gibson understands how to re-create a society with a sense of epic scope. In that way, his filmmaking approach has remained consistent.
It remains consistent in other ways, too, not all of them for the better. Mel's still obsessed with the rending of flesh, and here portrays animal attacks, human sacrifices, and the unique practice of using ant mandibles as sutures without concern for putting his audience off its lunch. And he still can't resist employing the most dramatic slow-motion possible when tragedy strikes. Yet he's more clear-eyed here about creating a narrative than he was when dealing with such tricky subject matter as the Crucifixion, even adding a sense of unexpected tragedy to the idea that this society will soon be overwhelmed by the Christian Spaniards. Apocalypto is the kind of adventure that any kind of moviegoer could find gripping — because the people on the screen ultimately matter more than the guy behind the camera.


text:
Jul 25, 2008 12:50:00
Development of Microsoft's latest OS "Windows 7" is going smoothly, introducing a multi-touch interface
MicrosoftWe plan to release the latest OS "Windows 7" in January 2010 which is just three years after January 2007 when Windows Vista was releasedWe talked about in GIGAZINE in the past, according to the development team of Microsoft, development seems to be proceeding smoothly.
Moreover, it is said that a new multi-touch interface will be introduced.
Microsoft: Windows 7 on track | Beyond Binary - A blog by Ina Fried - CNET News.com
According to this article, Bill Veghte, who is the top of the Windows division of Microsoft, said that the development of "Windows 7" is on track and said it is expected to reach the release in January 2010.
Although it is "Windows 7" whose details are not clearly disclosed, it has been shown that "multi-touch interface" which can be operated by touching the screen with a finger and improvement of a large architecture will be carried out.
And concerning the concern "Windows 7" compatibility, CEO Steve Ballmer repeatedly said that it is compatible with traditional Windows, as has been told.
Microsoft, beta version of the latest OS "Windows 7" provided within the year?
Microsoft's new OS "Windows 7" will also appear next year
It is reported that Microsoft will announce the next OS "Windows 9" as early as the press event
A MacBook with a touch screen like the iPhone appeared in October?
Microsoft, the new OS "Windows 7" will appear in 2010 and comment
Is "Windows 9 (tentative name)" to be the next Windows OS released in April 2015?
Moore's law blinking yellow signal, Intel's 10 nm process transition delay definitely
What is the name that is attached in America?
An inexpensive portable audio player that can play FLV files such as YouTube appears
Jul 25, 2008 12:50:00 in Note, Software, Posted by darkhorse_log

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Slaughter and May - True Picture
The True Picture
The magic circle 'odd one out' has its own way of doing business, which leaves its trainees with "the sense that you're in the best place for training."
A high slaughtermark
"The chances are every trainee will be involved in some kind of multibillion-dollar deal," thought one source. And headline-hitting work too, we'd wager. It could be advising Carillion on its £5.75 billion restructuring and entry into liquidation. Or maybe on TSB's IT crisis, which locked almost two million people out of their online banking. Or perhaps advising Walmart on the Asda–Sainsbury's merger. Trainees thought "it's cool to be involved" with high-profile matters: "Everyone knows who Asda is, rather than obscure private equity firms."
To begin answering that perennial question of how to tell the magic circle firms apart, you might look at the FTSE 100: Slaughters represents 32 of them – more than any other law firm. Burberry, Rolls-Royce, Barclays, Vodafone, Standard Life, and Diageo all adorn the firm's client roster. Simply put, Slaughters aspires to excellence. Students know it, the clients know it, and Chambers UK knows it: the guide bestows top-tier rankings in corporate/M&A, insurance, banking & finance, competition law, financial crime and tax.
"You're constantly doing new things, which is a bit alarming at first!"
For our interviewees, one of Slaughters' key differentiators was its multi-specialist approach. Behind the walls of 1 Bunhill Row are corporate lawyers advising banks one day and fashion institutions the next; brains in dispute resolution that can ponder investigations and international arbitration alike. "You're constantly doing new things, which is a bit alarming at first!" said trainees. "You can never think, 'Oh yes, I did this last week, I'll just copy that.'" The system favours "people who don't need a comfort zone. I can't imagine doing one area. That'd be boring!" The idea is that, when you hire high-achievers, they want to be pushed, they want variety rather than pigeon-holing, and they want to begin moulding their careers.
That doesn't mean seat allocation is a free-for-all, though. Before starting, trainees are invited to a departmental fair that's "like speed dating," but with reps from different departments rather than hot dates. They then outline their seat preferences for the training contract and are allocated their first seat. After three months settling in, they'll have a catch-up with HR (to update their preferences if need be) before finding out the remainder of their seat plan. Both corporate and finance are compulsory, as is a contentious seat. HR occasionally facilitated swaps, but the bottom line? "It's a preference – not a choice."
An optional secondment comes in the second year, which has a separate "review-based" application. Just over 20% of second-years were on secondment at the time of our calls. With three overseas offices (Brussels, Beijing and Hong Kong), Slaughters "hasn't got a sprawling empire," unlike its magic circle companions. But what it does have is a network of 'best friend' firms. That might sound cute, but through it Slaughters mingles with like-minded elites like Cravath and Paul Weiss, and sends intrepid trainees far and wide: France, Germany, Spain, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, the States. New York was popular: "People see it as a good career move because Americans work so many hours, it's a golden stamp if you survive!" But some sources passed on the opportunity based on the weather forecast: "I imagined myself sipping a piña colada in Madrid. But it was winter, so it would've been raining." Rupert Holmes would be most disappointed.
"There were hundreds of documents! But it came together that night. Well, that morning."
Slaughters' largest departments are chunked into smaller groups as a way "to organise people," rather than by types of work. Four corporate groups with about 12 trainees apiece handle enormous, cross-border transactions, like biopharmaceutical company Actelion's $30 billion takeover by Johnson & Johnson, and the proposed $23 billion merger of Vodafone India with Idea Cellular. Our interviewees worked on deals "mostly in the hundreds of millions of pounds" and had dabbled in public and private M&A, private equity, investment funds, insurance, capital markets, bid work, joint ventures, IPOs, corporate governance, fundraising, reorganisations, and regulatory work.
On the big transactions "it's inevitable you're gonna be deep in due diligence." No sugar-coating – trainees said this could be "intensely boring. You're going through contracts red-flagging anything that might blow up." Hopefully Slaughters' AI tech platform 'Luminance' will increasingly ease some of the more tedious aspects of due diligence in the years to come. Some got more out of handling the signing process on a private equity deal: "There were hundreds of documents! But it came together that night. Well, that morning." More on hours shortly...
Many preferred smaller transactions: "I've been put in charge of a solvent liquidation, with support if needed. There are lots of board minutes to draft and loan agreements to terminate." On an auction sale, "I got to negotiate one-on-one with various bidders." There are also corporate law questions to answer: "A company on the Toronto stock exchange needed restructuring advice, so I was liaising with Canadian lawyers." Drafting intra-group reorganisation documents was "good for trainees because there's no contentious element. Before or after M&A, companies need to make sure their assets are in the right places and know what's transferring where."
Three finance groups tackle banking work, securitisation and derivatives, restructurings, and financial services regulation. Brexit has kept it busy – Slaughters is advising financial institutions such as Swedish bank Handelsbanken on how to maintain access to the EU single market. We spoke to trainees who assisted on the $3.8 billion restructuring of Premier Oil's debt facilities. Working on a facility agreement for the financing of Tottenham Hotspur's new stadium presented a challenge: "I had lots of calls checking against the Premier League – they had specific rules about what we could and couldn't do with funding." Another was "managing corporate authorities and making sure I had all the signatures for a $4 billion financing of a loan for a multinational company." Others tried their hand at drafting debentures, security agreements, refinancing loan agreements, board minutes, "bits of a prospectus for a bond issuer" and "quite a complicated section of a facility agreement."
"Thank God the client liked their sandwiches!"
Trainees might spend three months in tax, which was popular with our sources. The group advises on the firm's biggest transactions, like Michael Kors' £896 million cash offer for Jimmy Choo, and Standard Life's £11 billion merger with Aberdeen Asset Management. Trainees reported less client contact, "but more interesting work. It's 'black letter' law, which is great for people who love to dig deep and research." Research formed 80% of trainees' workload, with the rest spent on the nebulous task of "finding stuff." Er, finding what exactly? "I was asked to look for advice we gave in the '90s – we've got files going back to the late '80s in paper folders. Luckily it was a targeted search, but it can be annoying if the partner can't remember exactly what they're looking for!"
Elementary, my dear trainee
The dispute resolution group recently defended Banco Santander in the Court of Appeal against €1.3 billion claims arising from interest swap rates between the bank and Portuguese companies. It also acted for JPMorgan Chase in an investigation into its foreign exchange trading, and represented drinks company Diageo (owner of Guinness, Johnnie Walker and Smirnoff) in $180 million proceedings alleging breaches of commercial contracts by Vijay Mallya, a shareholder in United Spirits. Trainees dabbled in international arbitrations, investigations, injunctions and High Court litigation. In a tax dispute, "it was down to me to arrange the nitty-gritty – break-out rooms, transcribers, lunch. It was satisfying sitting in the trial thinking, 'Thank God the client liked their sandwiches!'" Another observed a Supreme Court case involving VAT interest: "I had to prepare a long note on it, which got circulated around the department."
Rolls-Royce called on the firm in the face of a Serious Fraud Office (SFO) investigation. Trainees recommended being proactive on investigations: "Some people get bored – they're looking through documents and don't see how their section feeds into the big picture. I went to lots of meetings because I wanted to know how my own little piece worked. I ended up establishing a good relationship with the partner." In another SFO investigation, "two of us were directing a team of 12 paralegals at one point."
"You're focused on supporting an argument or finding evidence, which can make it quite fun."
Sometimes the work can feel administrative here: "You're focused on supporting an argument or finding evidence, which can make it quite fun." Another discovered why note-taking was important: "I went to lots of meetings with my supervisor – they would sometimes last for eight hours! Initially I felt a bit disillusioned, but that changed very fast."
Trainees might spend three or six months in pensions and employment. Assisting on employment tribunals was common: "I went up to Edinburgh to do witness interviews and drafted statements." Like tax, it was "research-heavy," but with more client contact: "Clients would actually call me and ask me questions, which was a nightmare because I had to be like 'I'm not your lawyer!'"
And how were those magic circle hours? "All sorts of horror stories echo around this building of people staying for 48 hours." Corporate had the expected ups and downs: "Yesterday I left at 5.30pm, but a few weeks ago I was leaving at 2am." 6pm to 7pm was a typical finance hometime, with busy periods bumping up to 11pm. Trainees in the smaller teams reported more predictable hours. "The sense that you're in the best place for training carries people through" tough times, but "it's an odd experience to walk into a building and not know when you're gonna leave. It's up to you if money makes up for that." A first-year salary of £44,000 shoots up to £80,000 on qualification. You decide.
Not all partners are created equal
Slaughters carries the burden of a hundred magic circle preconceptions: "I thought people would be blue-blooded Oxbridge and have the same posh accent." A non-Oxbridge trainee relished the challenge of applying: "People said I'd never get in if I hadn't been to Oxbridge." Trainees described their peers as "intellectual and quite nerdy," but that didn't mean chit-chat was always high-brow: "One morning we're talking about geo-politics and the next it's about Gossip Girl." Some did observe "everyone's had a similar sort of upbringing," but for others "it's much more diverse than I expected." Some even felt they'd become more open-minded: "I never expected to see the world differently after joining a traditional firm."
Slaughters' diversity networks may have had a hand in this. Mental health network Thrive is appropriately "thriving," having recently hosted a panel on what the firm could do to boost awareness: "People within the firm talked about some of their issues with mental health." In light of the 2018 gender pay gap reveal, interviewees were encouraged by a women's network initiative: "Women in each group are invited to a female partner's house for drinks. It's a completely free forum to discuss why there aren't many women in partnership, and what can be done." On this note, women described a "respectful atmosphere – if you were pulling any weird, 'bro' nonsense, you'd quickly get rapped on the knuckles." LGBT group Prism was praised for its efforts ("A transgender soldier in the British armed forces gave a talk") and for having "the best parties."
Overall Slaughters "isn't a party firm" but drinks organised by the trainee-solicitor committee were still "pretty good craic," and on Fridays "a WhatsApp message goes round asking, 'Artillery Arms from 6pm, anyone?'" Everyone descends on the Grosvenor Hotel for a "swanky" winter ball, which may be the only time everyone gets together. Again and again we heard: "Each department is a microcosm." In tax and pensions, "you sit with your head in a book, whereas in corporate you've got deals going down, so there's more barging in and a lot of chat." The group's ski trip to the French Alps helped break barriers: "I realised people weren't as intimidating as they looked!"
"Partners set the culture."
On this note, a clear sense of hierarchy emerged: "Partners set the culture. I sat with someone pretty quiet in one seat, and now I'm with someone gregarious. It's far and away the biggest variable." Some wanted more consistency: "You get a few renowned personalities who're difficult for trainees to work with. That should be addressed instead of being 'one of those things'." And while an open-door policy is in place, we heard that common sense should prevail: "With more senior individuals you should build a relationship with them first before you start just wandering into their office." In the canteen, "trainees sit with trainees, and partners with partners – they also have a separate dining room." Coffee 'pods' on every floor were more of a hub: "Ours is always filled with cakes from birthdays. Currently we have Colin the Caterpillar in there."
No billing targets meant "you can genuinely ask others for help. No one is like, 'I can't record this, this is a waste of my time.'" This fostered an "all-in-it-together approach" among trainees, along with qualification: "There are jobs for almost everyone. No one is thinking, 'What if they tell me to get on my bike?" In 2018, 67 out of 74 Slaughters qualifiers were retained.
Slaughters may be famous for its multibillion-pound transactions, but arguably its most important deal in 2018 was guiding a teenie-weenie legal publishing house called Chambers and Partners on its buyout by private equity firm Inflexion.
Our True Picture reviews of the other magic circle firms:
• Allen & Overy
• Clifford Chance
• Freshfields
• Linklaters
These major City firms:
• Ashurst
• Clyde & Co
• CMS
• Dentons
• Herbert Smith Freehills
• Hogan Lovells
• Norton Rose Fulbright
• Simmons & Simmons
• White & Case
Our practice area features on:
• Corporate/M&A
• Banking and Finance
• Capital Markets
>> A-Z of firms
How to get a Slaughter and May training contract
Vacation scheme deadline (2019): 3 January 2019 (opens 1 October 2018)
Training contract deadline (2021): 29 March 2019 (opens 1 October 2018)
Initial applications
Applications for both the training contract and work experience schemes at Slaughter and May begin with a straightforward online form, plus a CV and one-page covering letter. "I just wrote why I wanted to join the firm and why I wanted to be a lawyer," one of the firm's trainees recalled. "Keep it short and sweet, though it does need to be formal of course."
"We don't have set criteria demanding you have three As at A level," a source in recruitment says (the firm, rather vaguely, asks for 'good' A levels), "but we do look for a strong 2:1 degree." Our trainee sources agreed that "the Oxbridge influence is undeniable, but no one looks down on someone who hasn't gone to a top-ten uni." The firm tells us it will be visiting 27 universities over the course of 2018/19, including Lancaster, Leicester and SOAS.
Vacation scheme
Slaughter and May starts receiving applications for its work experience schemes in October, and it's worth getting in there early as the firm schedules interviews on a rolling basis. The scheme is aimed at penultimate-year law and non-law students.
Unusually, approximately half of the 250 summer work experience interviews usually take place on campus. The interview takes place with a partner and an associate, and includes a discussion about a topical article.
The firm runs a week-long scheme at Easter, two three-week schemes over June and July for law undergrads, plus another three-week scheme in September for non-law students. There are usually around 25 students on each of the schemes. All students sit in a single department for the duration of their visit, and take part in various workshops and case studies. One major highlight is a day trip to the Brussels office.
Work experience students have the option of interviewing for a training contract during the last week of their placement. The firm informs us they aren't given special treatment over direct applicants, however, and are also required to do the written exercise direct applicants do as part of their interview process (see below).
Training contract applications
The firm typically receives around 2,000 applications each year for up to 85 training contracts. In 2017 around 550 students were invited to an interview day, which includes a written exercise, an interview with two partners, a tour of the office with a trainee and a short interview with HR.
According to the firm's trainees, succeeding at interview involves "showing you can think laterally. They don't want you to repeat verbatim what you learnt at law school; they want new solutions and fresh ideas." Our grad recruitment sources tell us the firm is particularly interested in those who demonstrate "the ability to show grit under pressure" and have "a range of interests outside the law."
Interview with co-graduate recruitment partner David Johnson
Chambers Student:From the perspective of trainees, what sets Slaughter and May apart from its magic circle rivals?
David Johnson: I think the variety and quality of work here is unrivalled. Our departments cover a broad range of work – this is what we mean by multi-specialism. If you go through another Magic Circle firm, you'll maybe have a financing seat, but that'll be specialised. It will be three or six months in maybe asset finance or securitization or leveraged finance. Here, you'll have a six-month financing seat and in all likelihood will experience all of those things. So you get the same exposure but you also get the benefit of continuity. We see value in slightly longer seats and making sure the work inside those seats is as varied as it can be.
I'd also highlight the collegiate atmosphere, which is a tone that's set from the partnership down. We are one team pulling together, and we have no hours targets as we don't think that is the right way to motivate people.
We have a dedicated and hard-working innovation committee. They get together and come up with ideas on how we can do every aspect of our work in this firm differently, better and smarter. We try to challenge traditional notions - in response to people saying: 'What do you mean we need collaboration spaces? What are those?', others will say, 'That is the way we're all going to be working soon. Let's be the first through the door.'
I think that may surprise people but we're pretty confident people are going to get it once they come here. The challenge for us as recruiters is how we get our message out to say, 'Don't think Slaughter and May is not for you. Come and meet us and you may be really surprised.'
CS:The application process was a big hit among our interviewees. From your point of view, how does a streamlined approach help you find the best candidates?
DJ: We don't tend to adopt an aggressive lateral hire strategy, so recruitment is vital to get the right people in the building. We like to develop our people and promote them through the ranks. So it follows that our recruitment process is very partner-led – around 60 partners are actively involved in interviewing candidates and we back the judgement of partners. When candidates get here we ask them to do one simple written exercise, and then we'll interview them for an hour. And it's that interview that is the centrepiece.
CS: What are the key things you look for in that interview?
DJ: If there was an overall message it would be: trust yourself to be yourself. If you're in an interview, there must be something great about you.
In terms of specifics, we like to sense a bit of intellectual spark. And intellect is not just measured by your result on paper - it's measured by how able you are to think on your feet. Can you show a genuinely inquisitive mind? A desire to learn?
Beyond that we look for personality. We want somebody who's not afraid to be their own person, and able to express their own opinions.
CS:How do you focus on diversity in trainee recruitment?
DJ: We try to get our message out to as broad a range of academic institutions as we can. We have lawyers from around 80 different higher education institutions all around the world, and over 100 different courses are represented.
We also use organisations such as Rare Recruitment to widen the net of people who think about us. They identify talented students from diverse backgrounds and give them exposure to us, a commercial law firm, so they understand that, actually, it's an enabling environment.
Whenever we have any interaction with students, we stress the fact that this is already a diverse organisation. We say that if you come and spend the day with us you will see the complete diversity at Slaughter and May.
CS:What's your message to any students who're disheartened by the gender pay gap at partner level?
DJ: The story is quite simple for us as we are a straight lockstep partnership, so there is no element of discretion in remuneration once you're partner. Our fixed remuneration pays by reference only to the number of years you've been a partner, not by reference to any other criteria. So gender pay gap at partner level is a function of how many women are in our partnership. The real question is how are we going to get enough women through to partnership? That's a challenge for all businesses. How do you get enough women into the higher echelons?
We have been doing a lot of work in this area and have implemented a number of mentoring and leadership development programmes for our women associates. If you look at women in the entire partnership now, it's 24%, but since 2008, 34% of new partners have been women. And we will continue to strive to do better.
CS:Which work highlights would you like our readers to know about from the past twelve months?
DJ: In terms of high-profile M&A work, the GKN defence of the hostile bid by Melrose. Our client GKN tried to fight off Melrose on the basis that it undervalued the company. It was one of the few takeovers in recent years that went all the way down to the wire. And in the end Melrose just got over the line but the price Melrose was made to pay was outstandingly higher than the initial offer, so GKN did their job in getting maximum value for shareholders.
An example of some interesting international work was Cineworld's acquisition of the Regal cinema business in the US. This made Cineworld the second-biggest cinema company in the world. That transaction involved raising a large amount of debt and equity and going through a US public offer process.
Litigation and investigations have been busy. We've recently won a series of very interesting mandates. We're looking after BAT in its long-running investigation by the SFO. And we were also recently involved in a landmark pensions decision involving the BT pension scheme.
The rest of the firm remains incredibly buoyant. Like most firms, we're pleasantly surprised by the level of activity given all the uncertainty in the business world at the moment.
CS:Has the firm made any kind of contingency plan forBrexit?
DJ: The only hard thing I can tell you is that we foresee the number of people we have in Brussels growing. And although we still see London being the financial centre of Europe post-Brexit, we are constantly horizon-scanning. Without a doubt there will be some bumps on the road, but we believe in London.
CS:What are the benefits of having a 'best friend' model with firms overseas, rather than having a Slaughter and May office in those jurisdictions?
DJ: For us it's all about ensuring quality. We need to be able to offer the best service in every jurisdiction and to do that we need to partner with the best local firms rather than try to establish our own offices.
From a trainee's perspective, we second lawyers to our relationship firms and they second lawyers to us. Is it harder to be a secondee in a firm that's not Slaughter and May? I don't think so - if you talk to our trainees who've been on secondment, they settle in quickly and find that our relationship firms are very like us.
We have very good opportunities in the US for trainees. Some of our most popular secondments are to New York. The great advantage of not practising US law is that the US law firms are delighted to have our people with them.
CS:Is there anything you'd like to add?
DJ: We're very excited about our Fintech Fast Forward initiative. We offer legal advice to locally-based fintech start-ups who might not think of coming to a firm such as Slaughter and May. The nature of that advice gives opportunities for all levels of the firm to get involved, particularly trainees and to experience the excitement of helping a young company grow.
Find out what makes the magic circle magic.
Slaughter and May
One Bunhill Row,
EC1Y 8YY
Website www.slaughterandmay.com
Partners 112*
Associates 430*
Total trainees 152*
*Worldwide figures
UK offices London
Overseas offices Beijing, Brussels, Hong Kong plus relationship firms in all the major jurisdictions
Contacts The trainee recruitment team, [email protected] com, 020 7090 4454
Application criteria
Training contract pa: 80-85
Minimum required degree grade: Good 2:1
Minimum UCAS points or A levels: Good A levels
Vacation scheme places pa: 100
Dates and deadlines:
Please visit firm website for all deadlines.
First year salary: £45,000
Second year salary: £51,000
Post qualification salary: £83,000
Holiday entitlement: 30 days
LPC and GDL: Fees plus maintenance grant
International and regional
Offices with training contracts: London
Overseas seats: Our overseas offices and close working relationships with market-leading law firms in other jurisdictions mean there are opportunities for trainees to apply for a secondment in their second year.
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Microscopy, Phase Imaging, Thermal Imaging, Single-Protein Detection, Nanoparticles, Thermoplasmonics, Biophotonics, Optics.
L. Durdevic, H.M.L. Robert, B. Wattelliers, S. Monneret and G. Baffou. Microscale Temperature Shaping Using Spatial Light Modulation on Gold Nanoparticles. (Accepted in the journal Scientific Reports in 2019).
H.M.L. Robert, J. Savatier, S. Vial, J. Verghese; B. Wattellier, H. Rigneault, S. Monneret, J. Polleux, G. Baffou, Photothermal control of heat-shock protein expression at the single cell level. Small, vol. 14, no 32, p. 1801910 (2018).
H.M.L. Robert, F. Kundrat, E. Bermúdez-Ureña, H. Rigneault, S. Monneret, R. Quidant, J. Polleux, G. Baffou, Light-assisted solvothermal chemistry using plasmonic nanoparticles. ACS Omega, 1(1), 2-8 (2016).
H.M.L. Robert, J. Savatier, B. Wattellier, S. Monneret and G. Baffou, Thermal by using gold nanoparticles and wavefront sensing for the study of thermal biology at the single cell level, FOM2017, April 2017, Bordeaux, France; (Oral presentation).
H.M.L. Robert, J. Savatier, B. Wattellier, S. Monneret and G. Baffou, Study of photothermal process of biological sample at the microscale, Mifobio2016, October 2016, Seignosse, France; (Workshop organization and oral presentation).
H.M.L. Robert, J. Savatier, B. Wattellier, S. Monneret and G. Baffou, Photothermal-assisted hydrothermal chemistry at ambient pressure, ICES2015, October 2015, Messina, Italy; (Oral presentation).


text:
Rest of Britain
Annotations (4)
The overlays that highlight 17th century London features are approximate and derived from Wenceslaus Hollar's maps:
Built-up London – London before the Fire
City of London wall and Great Fire damage – London after the Fire
Open location in Google Maps: 51.067399, -1.797626
This text was copied from Wikipedia on 19 January 2022 at 6:02AM.
City of Salisbury
Salisbury Cathedral from the Old George Mall in July 2016
Location within Wiltshire
40,302 (civil parish, 2011 Census)[1]
• London
78 miles (126 km)
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
SP1, SP2
Dorset and Wiltshire
www.salisburycitycouncil.gov.uk
Salisbury (locally /ˈsɔːzbəri/ SAWZ-bər-ee)[a] is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England, with a population of 40,302,[1] at the confluence of the rivers Avon, Nadder and Bourne. The city is approximately 20 miles (32 km) from Southampton and 30 miles (48 km) from Bath.
Salisbury is in the southeast of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. Salisbury Cathedral was formerly north of the city at Old Sarum. Following the cathedral's relocation, a settlement grew up around it which received a city charter in 1227 as New Sarum, which continued to be its official name until 2009, when Salisbury City Council was established. Salisbury railway station is an interchange between the West of England Main Line and the Wessex Main Line.
Stonehenge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Salisbury.
2.1 Old Sarum
2.2 New Sarum
2.3 20th and 21st centuries: Salisbury
3 Governance
4.1 Areas and suburbs
5 Demography
6 Economy
7.1 Salisbury Museum
8 Twin towns and sister cities
10 Transport
10.1 Road
10.2 Bus
10.3 Railways
11 Sport and leisure
12 Notable people
12.1 Born before 1900
12.2 Since 1900
14 Bordering areas
15 In popular culture
16 Climate
The name Salisbury, which is first recorded around the year 900 as Searoburg (dative Searobyrig), is a partial translation of the Roman Celtic name Sorbiodūnum. The Brittonic suffix -dūnon, meaning "fortress" (in reference to the fort that stood at Old Sarum), was replaced by its Old English equivalent -burg. The first part of the name is of obscure origin. The form "Sarum" is a Latinization of Sar, a medieval abbreviation for Middle English Sarisberie.[4]
The two names for the city, Salisbury and Sarum, are humorously alluded to in a 1928 limerick from Punch:
There was an old Sultan of Salisbury
Who wanted some wives for his halisbury,
So he had them sent down
By a fast train from town,
For he thought that his motor would scalisbury.[5]
The ambiguous pronunciation was also used in the following limerick, which also alludes to 'Hants', the shortened form of Hampshire:
There was a young curate of Salisbury,
Whose manners were quite Halisbury-Scalisbury.
He wandered round Hampshire,
Without any pampshire,
Till the Vicar compelled him to Walisbury.[6]
Salisbury appeared in the Welsh Chronicle of the Britons as Caer-Caradog, Caer-Gradawc and Caer-Wallawg.[7][8][9] Cair-Caratauc, one of the 28 British cities listed in the History of the Britons, has also been identified with Salisbury.[10][11]
A reconstruction of Old Sarum in the 12th century
Salisbury viewed from Old Sarum
The hilltop at Old Sarum lies near the Neolithic sites of Stonehenge and Avebury and shows some signs of early settlement.[12] It commanded a salient between the River Bourne and the Hampshire Avon, near a crossroads of several early trade routes.[13] During the Iron Age, sometime between 600 and 300 BC, a hillfort (oppidum) was constructed around it.[13] The Romans may have occupied the site or left it in the hands of an allied tribe. At the time of the Saxon invasions, Old Sarum fell to King Cynric of Wessex in 552.[14] Preferring settlements in bottomland, such as nearby Wilton, the Saxons largely ignored Old Sarum until the Viking invasions led King Alfred (King of Wessex from 871 to 899) to restore its fortifications.[13] Along with Wilton, however, it was abandoned by its residents to be sacked and burned by the Dano-Norwegian king Sweyn Forkbeard in 1003.[15] It subsequently became the site of Wilton's mint.[13] Following the Norman invasion of 1066, a motte-and-bailey castle was constructed by 1070.[13] The castle was held directly by the Norman kings; its castellan was generally also the sheriff of Wiltshire.
In 1075 the Council of London established Herman as the first bishop of Salisbury,[16] uniting his former sees of Sherborne and Ramsbury into a single diocese which covered the counties of Dorset, Wiltshire, and Berkshire. In 1055, Herman had planned to move his seat to Malmesbury, but its monks and Earl Godwin objected.[17] Herman and his successor, Saint Osmund, began the construction of the first Salisbury cathedral, though neither lived to see its completion in 1092.[16] Osmund served as Lord Chancellor of England (in office c. 1070–1078); he was responsible for the codification of the Sarum Rite,[18] the compilation of the Domesday Book, which was probably presented to William at Old Sarum,[13] and, after centuries of advocacy from Salisbury's bishops, was finally canonised by Pope Callixtus III in 1457.[19] The cathedral was consecrated on 5 April 1092 but suffered extensive damage in a storm, traditionally said to have occurred only five days later.[20][21] Bishop Roger was a close ally of Henry I (reigned 1100–1135): he served as viceroy during the king's absence in Normandy[22] and directed, along with his extended family, the royal administration and exchequer.[23] He refurbished and expanded Old Sarum's cathedral in the 1110s and began work on a royal palace during the 1130s, prior to his arrest by Henry's successor, Stephen.[22] After this arrest, the castle at Old Sarum was allowed to fall into disrepair, but the sheriff and castellan continued to administer the area under the king's authority.[24]
New Sarum
The Great West Front of Salisbury Cathedral
The 15th-century Doom painting in St Thomas' church
A picture of Minster Street, c. 1870
Bishop of Salisbury Hubert Walter was instrumental in the negotiations with Saladin during the Third Crusade, but he spent little time in his diocese prior to his elevation to archbishop of Canterbury.[25] The brothers Herbert and Richard Poore succeeded him and began planning the relocation of the cathedral into the valley almost immediately. Their plans were approved by King Richard I but repeatedly delayed: Herbert was first forced into exile in Normandy in the 1190s by the hostility of his archbishop Walter and then again to Scotland in the 1210s owing to royal hostility following the papal interdiction against King John. The secular authorities were particularly incensed, according to tradition, owing to some of the clerics debauching the castellan's female relations.[24] In the end, the clerics were refused permission to reenter the city walls following their rogations and processions.[26] This caused Peter of Blois to describe the church as "a captive within the walls of the citadel like the ark of God in the profane house of Baal". He advocated
Let us descend into the plain! There are rich fields and fertile valleys abounding in the fruits of the earth and watered by the living stream. There is a seat for the Virgin Patroness of our church to which the world cannot produce a parallel.[27]
Herbert Poore's successor and brother Richard Poore eventually moved the cathedral to a new town on his estate at Veteres Sarisberias ("Old Salisburies") in 1220. The site was at "Myrifield" ("Merryfield"),[28] a meadow near the confluence of the River Nadder and the Hampshire Avon. It was first known as "New Sarum"[27] or New Saresbyri.[26] The town was laid out on a grid.
Work on the new cathedral building, the present Salisbury Cathedral, began in 1221. The site was supposedly established by shooting an arrow from Old Sarum, although this is certainly a legend: the distance is over 3 km (1.9 mi). The legend is sometimes amended to claim that the arrow struck a white deer, which continued to run and died on the spot where the cathedral now rests. The structure was built upon wooden faggots on a gravel bed with unusually shallow foundations of 18 inches (46 cm) and the main body was completed in only 38 years. The 123 m or 404 ft tall spire, the tallest in the UK, was built later. With royal approval, many of the stones for the new cathedral were taken from the old one; others came from Chilmark. They were probably transported by ox-cart, owing to the obstruction to boats on the River Nadder caused by its many weirs and watermills. The cathedral is considered a masterpiece of Early English architecture. The spire's large clock was installed in 1386, and is one of the oldest surviving mechanical clocks in the world.[29] The Cathedral also contains the best-preserved of the four surviving copies of Magna Carta.
New Sarum was made a city by a charter from King Henry III in 1227[30] and, by the 14th century, was the largest settlement in Wiltshire. The city wall surrounds the Close and was built in the 14th century, again with stones removed from the former cathedral at Old Sarum. The wall now has five gates: the High Street Gate, St Ann's Gate, the Queen's Gate, and St Nicholas's Gate were original, while a fifth was constructed in the 19th century to allow access to Bishop Wordsworth's School, in the Cathedral Close. During his time in the city, the composer Handel stayed in a room above St Ann's gate. The original site of the city at Old Sarum, meanwhile, fell into disuse. It continued as a rotten borough: at the time of its abolition during the reforms of 1832, its Member of Parliament (MP) represented three households.
In May 1289, there was uncertainty about the future of Margaret, Maid of Norway, and her father sent ambassadors to Edward I. Edward met Robert the Bruce and others at Salisbury in October 1289, which resulted in the Treaty of Salisbury, under which Margaret would be sent to Scotland before 1 November 1290 and any agreement on her future marriage would be delayed until she was in Scotland.[31]
The Parliament of England met at New Sarum in the years 1324, 1328, and 1384.[32]
In 1450, a number of riots broke out in Salisbury at roughly the same time as Jack Cade led a famous rebellion through London. The riots occurred for related reasons, although the declining fortunes of Salisbury's cloth trade may also have been influential. The violence peaked with the murder of the bishop, William Ayscough, who been involved with the government. In 1483, a large-scale rebellion against Richard III broke out, led by his own 'kingmaker', Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. After the revolt collapsed, Buckingham was executed at Salisbury, near the Bull's Head Inn. In 1664, an act for making the River Avon navigable from Christchurch to the city of New Sarum was passed[33] and the work completed, only for the project to be ruined shortly thereafter by a major flood.[34] Soon after, during the Great Plague of London, Charles II held court in Salisbury's cathedral close.
Salisbury was the site chosen to assemble James II's forces to resist the Glorious Revolution. He arrived to lead his approximately 19 000 men on 19 November 1688. His troops were not keen to fight Mary or her husband William, and the loyalty of many of James's commanders was in doubt. The first blood was shed at the Wincanton Skirmish, in Somerset. In Salisbury, James heard that some of his officers had deserted, such as Edward Hyde, and he broke out in a nosebleed, which he took as an omen that he should retreat. His commander in chief, the Earl of Feversham, advised retreat on 23 November, and the next day John Churchill defected to William. On 26 November, James's own daughter, Princess Anne, did the same, and James returned to London the same day, never again to be at the head of a serious military force in England.[35]
20th and 21st centuries: Salisbury
Secret Spitfire Memorial view from the south.
Following the destruction by the Luftwaffe of the factories building Supermarine Spitfires in 1940 in Southampton, production was dispersed to shadow factories elsewhere in the south of England. Salisbury was the major centre of production, supplemented by Trowbridge and Reading. Several factories were set up in the centre of Salisbury and manned by predominantly young women who had no previous mechanical experience but were trained for specific tasks in the aircraft construction process. Supporting the factories were many workers producing small components in home-based workshops and garden sheds. Sub-assemblies were built in the city centre factories and then transported to High Post airfield (north of the city, in Durnford parish) and Chattis Hill[36] (northeast, near Stockbridge), where the aircraft were assembled, test flown and then distributed to RAF airfields across England. A total of over 2000 Spitfires were produced. The whole process was carried out in secret without the knowledge of even the local people and only emerged into public knowledge after the production of a film describing the whole process.[37] In July 2021 a memorial to the workers, in the form of a life-size fibreglass model Mk IX Spitfire, was unveiled in Castle Road, Salisbury on the site of one of the factories.[38][39]
At the time of the 1948 Summer Olympics, held in London, a relay of runners carried the Olympic Flame from Wembley Stadium, where the Games were based, to the sailing centre at Torbay via Slough, Basingstoke, Salisbury, and Exeter.
The 1972 Local Government Act eliminated the administration of the City of New Sarum under its former charters, but its successor, Wiltshire County's Salisbury District, continued to be accorded its former city status. The name was finally formally amended from "New Sarum" to "Salisbury" during the 2009 changes occasioned by the 1992 Local Government Act, which established the Salisbury City Council.
On 4 March 2018, former Russian double agent Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia Skripal were poisoned in Salisbury with a Novichok nerve agent.[40]
Salisbury Guildhall, completed in 1795, is now the meeting place of the City Council
Salisbury falls under two authorities created in 2009: Salisbury City Council and Wiltshire Council. Before then it was at the heart of the now defunct Salisbury District, which oversaw most of south Wiltshire as well as the city. When Wiltshire's local government was reorganised under a unitary authority in April 2009, Salisbury City Council was formed to provide the first tier of local government for Salisbury parish.
Since the local boundary review of 2020, two electoral wards – St Edmund and Harnham East – cover the city centre within the A36 ring road, and the rest of the unitary and city council areas are covered by six further wards. Laverstock and Ford parish council has the same boundary as the Laverstock ward, as well as part of the Old Sarum and Upper Bourne Valley ward, at unitary level.[41] The Bishopdown Farm estate on the outskirts of Salisbury is now part of Laverstock and Ford, joining Hampton Park and Riverdown Park.
The Member of Parliament for the Salisbury constituency, which includes the city, Wilton, Amesbury and surrounding rural areas, is John Glen (Conservative), who was first elected in 2010.
Queen Elizabeth Gardens, showing part of the River Avon diverted through the gardens
Salisbury lies in a valley. The geology of the area, as with much of South Wiltshire and Hampshire, is largely chalk. The rivers which flow through the city have been redirected, and along with landscaping, have been used to feed into public gardens. They are popular in the summer, particularly in Queen Elizabeth Gardens, as the water there is shallow and slow-flowing enough to enter safely. Close to Queen Elizabeth Gardens are water-meadows, where the water is controlled by weirs. Because of the low-lying land, the rivers are prone to flooding, particularly during the winter months. The Town Path, a walkway that links Harnham with the rest of the city, is at times impassable. Salisbury is approximately halfway between Exeter and London being 80 miles (128 km) east-northeast of Exeter, 78 miles (126 km) west-southwest of London and also 34 miles (55 km) south of Swindon, 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Southampton and 32 miles (51 km) southeast of Bath.
There are civil airfields at Old Sarum (where the experimental aircraft the Edgley Optica was developed and tested) and at Thruxton near Andover.
Areas and suburbs
Salisbury has many areas and suburbs, most of them being former villages that were absorbed by the growth of the city. The boundaries of these areas are for the most part unofficial and not fixed. All of these suburbs are within Salisbury's ONS Urban Area, which had a population of 44,748 in 2011.[42] However, not all of these suburbs are administered by the city council, and are therefore not within the eight wards that had a combined population of 40,302 in 2011. Two parishes are part of the urban area but outside Salisbury parish.
Bemerton
Lower Bemerton
Bemerton Heath
Laverstock and Ford (outside city council area)
Churchfields
East Harnham
West Harnham
Harnham Hill
Stratford-sub-Castle
Fisherton
Bishopdown
St Edmund
Petersfinger
Netherhampton (outside city council area)
Paul's Dene
Friary Estate (formerly known as Bugmore)
Surrounding parishes, villages and towns rely on Salisbury for some services. The following are within a 4-mile radius of the city centre and are listed in approximately clockwise order:
Britford
Odstock
Quidhampton
Nunton
Homington
Little Durnford
Fugglestone St Peter
Bodenham
Downton
Charlton All Saints
Ditchampton
Bulbridge
Coombe Bissett
Ugford
South Newton
The civil parish of Salisbury, which does not include some of the city's suburbs such as Laverstock, Ford, Britford and Netherhampton, had a population of 40,302 at the 2011 census.[1]
The urban zone, which contains the wards immediately surrounding the city, had a population of 62,216 at the 2011 Census.[43] The wards included in this figure are Laverstock, Britford, Downton, Alderbury, Odstock and the neighbouring town of Wilton, among others, however it does not include the towns of Amesbury or Romsey, as these support their own local populations and are further afield.
At the 2011 census the population of the civil parish was 95.73% white (91.00% White British), 2.48% Asian (0.74% Indian, 0.41% Bangladeshi, 0.40% Chinese), 0.45% black and 1.15% mixed race. Within the parish, the largest ethnic minority group was 'other white' comprising 3.6% of the population as of 2011.[44] There is not much contrast between areas when it comes to ethnic diversity. The ward of St Edmund and Milford is the most multiethnic, with 86.0% of the population being White British.[45] The least multiethnic is the ward of St Francis and Stratford, which contains suburbs in the north of the city, with 94.8% of the population being indigenous White British.[46] The city is represented by six other wards.
Ethnic Groups, 2011
Salisbury CP[1]
Salisbury UA[47]
White British 91.0% 91.3% 93.4%
Asian 2.5% 2.4% 1.3%
Black 0.5% 0.4% 0.7%
Within the parish, the largest ethnic minority group was 'other white' comprising 3.6% of the population as of 2011.
86.43% of the civil parish's population were born in England, 3.94% were born elsewhere in the UK. 4.94% were born elsewhere in the EU (including the Republic of Ireland), while 4.70% of the population were born outside the EU.[48]
62.49% of the civil parish's population declared their religion to be Christianity, while 27.09% stated "no religion" and 8.02% declined to state their religion.[49] 0.79% of the population declared their religion to be Islam, 0.41% Buddhism, 0.40% Hinduism and 0.80% as another religion.[49]
95.89% of the civil parish's population considered their "main language" to be English, while 1.12% considered it to be Polish, 0.28% considered it to be Bengali and 0.24% considered it to be Tagalog.[50] 99.43% of the population claimed to be able to speak English well or very well.[51]
In 2001, 22.33% of Salisbury's population were aged between 30–44, 42.76% were over 45, and 13.3% were between 18–29.[52]
The 15th-century Poultry Cross marked the section of the market trading in poultry
Salisbury holds a Charter market[53] on Tuesdays and Saturdays and has held markets regularly since 1227. In the 15th century the Market Place had four crosses: the Poultry Cross, whose name describes its market; the 'cheese and milk cross', which indicated that market and was in the triangle between the HSBC bank and the Salisbury Library; a third cross near the site of the present war memorial, which marked a woollen and yarn market; and a fourth, called Barnwell or Barnard's Cross, in the Culver Street and Barnard Street area, which marked a cattle and livestock market.[13] Today, only the Poultry Cross remains, to which flying buttresses were added in the 19th century.[54]
In 1226, Henry III granted the Bishop of Salisbury a charter to hold a fair lasting eight days from the Feast of the Assumption of Mary (15 August).[55] Over the centuries the dates of the fair have moved around, but in its modern guise, a funfair is now held in the Market Place for three days from the third Monday in October.
From 1833 to the mid-1980s, the Salisbury Gas Light & Coke Company, which ran the city's gasworks, were one of the major employers in the area. The company was formed in 1832 with a share capital of £8,000, and its first chairman was the 3rd Earl of Radnor. The company was incorporated by a private Act of Parliament in 1864, and the Gas Orders Confirmation Act 1882 empowered it to raise capital of up to £40,000. At its peak, the gasworks were producing not only coal gas but also coke, which was sold off as the by-product of gas-making. Ammoniacal liquor, another by-product, was mixed with sulphuric acid, dried and ground to make a powder which was sold as an agricultural fertiliser. The clinker from the retort house was sold to a firm in London to be used as purifier beds in the construction of sewage works.[56]
Salisbury power station supplied electricity to Salisbury and the surrounding area from 1898 to 1970. The power station was at Town Mill and was owned and operated by Salisbury Electric Light and Supply Company Limited prior to the nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry in 1948. The coal-fired power station was redeveloped several times to incorporate new plant including a water driven turbine.[57]
From the Middle Ages to the start of the 20th century, Salisbury was noted for its cutlery industry. Early motor cars were manufactured in the city from 1902 by Dean and Burden Brothers, using the Scout Motors brand. In 1907 the company moved to a larger factory at Churchfields; each car took six to eight weeks to build, mostly using bodies made elsewhere by coachbuilders. By 1912, 150 men were employed and the company was also making small commercial vehicles and 20-seater buses, some of which were later used by the newly established Wilts & Dorset operator. The Scout company failed in 1921 after wartime disruption and competition from larger makers.[58]
Butchers Row in the city centre
Shopping centres include The Old George Mall, The Maltings, Winchester Street and the Crosskeys precinct. Major employers include Salisbury District Hospital. Closure of the Friends Life office, the second largest employer, was announced in 2015.[59]
Salisbury High Street
St Martin's Church (Church of England)
Salisbury was an important centre for music in the 18th century. The grammarian James Harris, a friend of Handel, directed concerts at the Assembly Rooms for almost 50 years up to his death in 1780, with many of the most famous musicians and singers of the day performing there.[60]
Salisbury holds an annual St George's Day pageant, the origins of which are claimed to go back to the 13th century.
Salisbury has a strong artistic community, with galleries situated in the city centre, including one in the public library. In the 18th century, John Constable made a number of celebrated landscape paintings featuring the cathedral's spire and the surrounding countryside. Salisbury's annual International Arts Festival, started in 1973, and held in late May to early June, provides a programme of theatre, live music, dance, public sculpture, street performance and art exhibitions. Salisbury also houses a producing theatre, Salisbury Playhouse, which produces between eight and ten plays a year, as well as welcoming touring productions.
Salisbury Museum, housed in the King's House.
The Salisbury Museum is housed in the King's House, a Grade I listed building whose history dates back to the 13th century, opposite the west front of the cathedral.
The permanent Stonehenge exhibition gallery has interactive displays about Stonehenge and the archaeology of south Wiltshire, and its collections include the skeleton of the Amesbury Archer, which is on display.
The Pitt Rivers display holds a collection from General Augustus Pitt Rivers.
The costume gallery showcases costume and textiles from the area, with costumes for children to try on while imagining themselves as characters from Salisbury's past.
The former home of Sir Edward Heath, Arundells in the Cathedral Close, is now open as a museum.
Twin towns and sister cities
Salisbury has been twinned with Saintes, France, since 1990[61] and with Xanten, Germany, since 2005.[61] Salisbury is also a sister city of Salisbury, North Carolina and Salisbury, Maryland, both of which are in the United States.[61]
There are several schools in and around Salisbury. The city has the only grammar schools in Wiltshire, South Wilts Grammar School for girls and Bishop Wordsworth's School for boys; since September 2020, both have mixed sixth forms. Other schools in or near the city include Salisbury Cathedral School, Chafyn Grove School, Leehurst Swan School, the Godolphin senior and prep schools, Sarum Academy, St Joseph's Catholic School, Wyvern College and St Edmund's Girls' School; the latter two operating a shared campus under the name Wyvern St Edmund's.[62]
Sixth form education is offered by Salisbury Sixth Form College, while the Salisbury campus of Wiltshire College offers a range of further education courses, as well as some higher education courses in association with Bournemouth University. Sarum College is a Christian theological college, within the Cathedral close.
The main transport links for the city are the roads. Salisbury lies on the intersection of the A30, the A36 and the A338 and is at the end of the A343, A345, A354 and A360. Car parks around the periphery of the city are linked to the city centre by a park and ride scheme (see details in the bus section below). The A36 forms an almost complete ring road around the city centre. The A3094 comprises the southwestern quadrant of the ring road, passing through the city's outer suburbs.
The lack of adequate roads is a cause of concern to the people of Salisbury as there are no motorway links to the ports of Southampton and Bristol. The closest motorway access is at junction 2 of the M27 at Southampton, and at junction 8 of the M3 near Basingstoke. Traffic passes around the city centre on the A36 to Bath.
Salisbury bus station in 2010 (since closed)
There are bus links to Southampton, Bournemouth, Andover, Devizes and Swindon, with limited services on Sundays. Salisbury Reds, a brand of Go South Coast, is the main local operator. Wheelers Travel provide services to Shaftesbury and Andover, as well as intermediate-distance services.[63] Other operators include Stagecoach (Amesbury, Tidworth, Andover); Beeline (Warminster); and First (Warminster, Trowbridge, Bath).[64]
Salisbury has a Park and Ride bus scheme with five sites around the city. The scheme attempts to relieve pressure on the city centre, but as of 2010, ran at an annual loss of £1 million.[65]
Salisbury bus station, which opened in 1939, closed in January 2014 due to high operating costs and low usage.[66] Situated in Endless Street, on the northeastern edge of the city centre, the site was later developed into retirement homes, which opened in February 2018.
Salisbury railway station is the crossing point of the West of England Main Line, from London Waterloo to Exeter St Davids, and the Wessex Main Line from Bristol Temple Meads to Southampton Central. The station is operated by South Western Railway. Great Western Railway hourly trains call from Cardiff Central, Bristol Temple Meads, Bath Spa to Southampton Central and Portsmouth Harbour.
The city has a football team, Salisbury F.C., who play in the Southern League Premier Division South and are based at the Raymond McEnhill Stadium, on the northern edge of the city. Non-league clubs are Bemerton Heath Harlequins F.C. and Laverstock & Ford F.C..
Salisbury Racecourse with the cathedral in the distance
Salisbury Rugby Club, which is based at Castle Road, play in Southern Counties South. South Wilts Cricket Club is based at the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Sports Club and play in the Southern Premier Cricket League. Salisbury Hockey Club is also based at the Salisbury and South Wilts Sports Club.[67]
The Five Rivers Leisure Centre and Swimming Pool, which was opened in 2002, is just outside the ring road. Salisbury Racecourse is a flat racing course to the south-west of the city. Five Rivers Indoor Bowls Club and Salisbury Snooker Club share a building on Tollgate Road, behind the College.
Old Sarum Airfield, north of the city centre, is home to a variety of aviation-based businesses, including flying schools and the APT Charitable Trust for disabled flyers.
The city's theatre is the Salisbury Playhouse. The City Hall is an entertainment venue and hosts comedy, musical performances (including those by the resident Musical Theatre Salisbury) as well as seminars and conventions. Salisbury Arts Centre, housed in a redundant church, has exhibitions and workshops.
Salisbury is well-supplied with pubs. The Haunch of Venison, overlooking the Poultry Cross, operates from a 14th-century building; one of its attractions is a cast of a mummified hand, supposedly severed during a game of cards.[68] The Rai d'Or has original deeds dating from 1292. It was the home of Agnes Bottenham, who used the profits of the tavern to found Trinity Hospital next door in circa 1380.
Born before 1900
John of Salisbury (c.1120–1180)[69] author, educationalist, diplomat and bishop of Chartres, born at Salisbury
Simon Forman (1552 in Quidhampton, Fugglestone St Peter – 1611)[70] astrologer, occultist and herbalist
John Bevis (1695 in Old Sarum – 1771)[71] doctor,[72] electrical researcher and astronomer, discovered the Crab Nebula in 1731
James Harris (1709–1780)[73] politician[74] and grammarian, born and educated in Salisbury
James Harris, 1st Earl of Malmesbury (1746 in Salisbury – 1820)[75] diplomat, politician and MP
Sir John Stoddart (1773 in Salisbury – 1856)[76] writer and lawyer, and editor of The Times
Sir George Staunton, 2nd Baronet (1781 at Milford House near Salisbury – 1859)[77] traveller and Orientalist
Henry Fawcett PC (1833 in Salisbury – 1884)[78] academic, statesman and economist
John Neville Keynes (1852 in Salisbury – 1949)[79] economist and father of John Maynard Keynes
Sir James Macklin (1864 in Harnham – 1944)[80] jeweller, farmer and six times Mayor of Salisbury 1913/1919
Herbert Ponting (1870 in Salisbury – 1935)[81] professional photographer, the expedition photographer and cinematographer for Robert Falcon Scott's Terra Nova Expedition
Lieutenant James Cromwell Bush (1891 in Salisbury – 1917)[82] World War I flying ace
Lieutenant Colonel Tom Edwin Adlam (1893 in Salisbury – 1975)[83] recipient of the Victoria Cross
William Golding (1911–1993)[84] novelist, schoolteacher, taught Philosophy in 1939, and English from 1945 to 1961 at Bishop Wordsworth's School
Daphne Pochin Mould (1920 in Salisbury – 2014)[85] photographer, broadcaster, geologist, traveller, pilot and Ireland's[86] first female flight instructor
John Rowan (1925 in Old Sarum – 2018 in London) author, one of the pioneers of Humanistic Psychology and Integrative Psychotherapy
Iona Brown (1941 in Salisbury – 2004 in Salisbury)[87] violinist and conductor, from 1968 to 2004 lived in Bowerchalke
Ray Teret (1941 in Salisbury – 2021)[88] radio disc jockey and convicted rapist,[89] sentenced to 25 years in prison in 2014
Sir Jeffrey Tate (1943 in Salisbury – 2017)[90] conductor of classical music
John Rhys-Davies (born in 1944 in Salisbury), actor known for playing Gimli in the Lord of the Rings film series
Anthony Daniels (born in 1946 in Salisbury), actor known for playing C-3PO in the Star Wars franchise
Jonathan Meades (born 1947 in Salisbury)[91] writer, food journalist, essayist and film-maker
Prof. Martyn Thomas (born 1948 in Salisbury)[92] software engineer, entrepreneur and academic
Richard Digance (born 1949), comedian and folk singer, lives in Salisbury[93]
Kenneth Macdonald, Baron Macdonald of River Glaven (born 1953)[94] Director of Public Prosecutions of England and Wales 2003–2008 and head of the Crown Prosecution Service; attended Bishop Wordsworth's School in Salisbury
Carolyn Browne (born 1958)[95] diplomat, Ambassador to Kazakhstan; attended South Wilts Grammar School for Girls
Teresa Dent (born 1959)[96] CEO of Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, lives in Salisbury
Martin Foyle (born 1963 in Salisbury)[97] footballer and manager, played 533 League games, scoring 155 goals
Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich (formed 1964)[98] 1960s pop/rock group, most of whom came from Salisbury or Wiltshire
Clare Moody (born 1965), Labour Member of the European Parliament for South West England 2014–2019, lives in Salisbury
Joseph Fiennes (born 1970 in Salisbury)[99] film and stage actor, educated in the town
David Mitchell (born 1974 in Salisbury), comedian, actor, writer and television presenter
Max Waller (born 1988 in Salisbury), cricketer who plays for Somerset County Cricket Club
Henni Zuël (born 1990 in Salisbury)[100] professional golfer, youngest player to join the Ladies European Tour as an amateur
BBC Wiltshire is the BBC Local Radio public service station for the county, which sometimes broadcasts from or about the city. Salisbury used to have its own local radio station, Spire FM, which was purchased by Bauer Radio in 2019. Its frequency now transmits Greatest Hits Radio Salisbury, which broadcasts national and regional music programmes with local news bulletins.[101]
Regional television services are provided by BBC South and ITV Meridian, and a local television channel "That's Salisbury" is provided by That's TV.
The Salisbury Journal is the local paid-for weekly newspaper, which is available in shops every Thursday. The local free weekly newspaper from the same publisher is the Avon Advertiser, which is delivered to houses in Salisbury and the surrounding area.
Bordering areas
This article appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, providing citations to reliable, secondary sources, rather than simply listing appearances. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2017)
Salisbury is the origin of "Melchester" in Thomas Hardy's novels, such as Jude the Obscure (1895).
A lively account of the Salisbury markets, as they were in 1842, is contained in Chapter 5 of Martin Chuzzlewit by Charles Dickens.
The fictitious Kingsbridge Cathedral in TV miniseries, The Pillars of the Earth (2010), based on a historical novel by the same name by Ken Follett, is modelled on the cathedrals of Wells and Salisbury. The final aerial shot of the series is of Salisbury Cathedral.[102][103]
The 1987 novel Sarum by Edward Rutherfurd describes the history of Salisbury.
The novel The Spire by William Golding tells the story of the building of the spire of an unnamed cathedral similar to Salisbury Cathedral.
Band Uriah Heep released an album and song called Salisbury in 1971.
Progressive rock band Big Big Train wrote two songs in their Folklore album in which the Salisbury Giant[104] appears.
The Salisbury Poisonings is a three-part television drama which portrays the 2018 Novichok poisoning crisis, first broadcast on BBC One in June 2020.[105]
Salisbury experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) similar to almost all of the United Kingdom. The nearest Met Office weather station to Salisbury is Boscombe Down, about 6 miles to the north of the city centre. In terms of the local climate, Salisbury is among the sunniest of inland areas in the UK, averaging over 1650 hours of sunshine in a typical year. Temperature extremes since 1960 have ranged from −12.4 °C (9.7 °F) in January 1963[106] to 34.5 °C (94.1 °F) during July 2006.[107] The lowest temperature to be recorded in recent years was −10.1 °C (13.8 °F) during December 2010.[108]
Climate data for Boscombe Down, elevation: 128 m (420 ft), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1960–present
12.0 9.5 10.6 9.6 9.4 8.9 8.5 8.7 9.0 11.8 11.9 11.9 122.0
62.2 80.8 119.2 175.0 205.9 217.7 223.3 205.3 152.3 114.9 75.1 57.8 1,689.4
Source 1: Met Office[109]
Source 2: KNMI[110]
List of Grade I listed buildings in Salisbury
^ Other pronunciations include /ˈsɔːlzbəri/ SAWLZ-bər-ee,[2] /ˈsɒlzbəri/ SOLZ-bər-ee and American English: /ˈsælzbəri/ SALZ-bər-ee.[2][3]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Salisbury.
Wikisource has the text of The New Student's Reference Work article "Salisbury".
Salisbury (England) travel guide from Wikivoyage
Salisbury at Curlie
Official tourism website
Let Me Tell You: Salisbury – a BBC film about life in the city in 1967 at BBC Wiltshire
Historic Salisbury photos at BBC Wiltshire
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Salisbury (various pronunciations,but locally /ˈsɔːzbri/, sawz-bree) is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England, and the only city within the county. The city is located in the southeast of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. Its cathedral was formerly located to the north at Old Sarum; following its relocation, a settlement grew up around it, drawing residents from Old Sarum and Wilton. The new town received its city charter in 1227 under the name New Sarum, which continued to be its official name until 2009. The hilltop at Old Sarum lies near the Neolithic sites of Stonehenge and Avebury and shows some signs of early settlement. It commanded a salient between the River Bourne and the Hampshire Avon near a crossroads of several early trade routes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury
San Diego Sarah on 11 Jun 2021 • Link
The separation of the English Church from Rome under Henry VIII led to new Protestant thinking and dramatic changes.
The cult of the saints, praying for the dead, and the elaborate medieval patterns of worship, including the Lady Mass, were all abolished, and the monarch took away the Pope's English income and powers of patronage.
Salisbury and similar cathedrals faced less of an adjustment than those, like Canterbury and Durham, which were based on a monastery and had to be completely refounded.
In Salisbury, the basic organization of the cathedral didn't change, and the senior clergy (Dean, Precentor, Chancellor, Treasurer) continued their leadership.
The professional choir now moved from the Trinity Chapel to the choir stalls.
In 1612 the City of Salisbury was emancipated from the Bishop's control.
Under Archbishop William Laud in the 1630's there were moves to enhance the dignity of worship, especially in the cathedrals, which were subject to a visitation (inspection) by the Archbishop.
Salisbury's inspection was in 1634, which recommended the removal of the high-sided box pews in the nave, replaced by movable seats.
Then came the Civil Wars, the declaration of a Commonwealth, and the suppression of the Anglican Church.
Salisbury didn't escape: a military skirmish in 1645 ended with the Bell Tower being damaged,
and from 1649 the Bishop, Dean and Chapter were abolished, the canons were expelled and their houses and property reassigned.
The Bishop's Palace was mostly demolished.
The Mayor of Salisbury was put in charge of the Close, and the cloisters were used to keep Dutch prisoners of war – many escaped, to the annoyance of Parliament.
Much damage was done to the cloisters, and the original glazing in the upper windows was destroyed, never to be replaced.
Lead was stolen from the Cathedral and cloister roofs.
Following the Restoration of the monarchy and Anglican Church, refurbishment included a new communion table and rail, and a new font, and serious attention was given to repairing the Cathedral.
A survey was commissioned by Bishop Seth Ward in 1668 from Sir Christopher Wren, and various structural reinforcements and repairs then took place.
The Quire was given a new and fashionable set of furnishings,
and in the Close many of the houses were rebuilt or remodeled into the appearances which survive today.
By the late 17th century Salisbury Cathedral was a feature in the national landscape: Celia Fiennes' account of her visit in 1685 refers to 'good buildings' in the Close, 'both new built and the old good houses belonging to the doctors of the Church'.
http://www.salisburycathedral.org.uk/history/refo…
Remember the clamor about the removal of trees from Clarendon Park?
L&M: Deane and his colleague Mayors [Robert Mayers, appointed in 1660 as purveyor of timber to the Navy, Woolwich] had sent in their report from the 'Three Lions,' Salisbury on July 4, 1664.
Pepys might have found it less expensive than the George
Something you can see today which Pepys could not is at another church in Salisbury:
The painting of the Last Judgement in the church of St. Thomas, Salisbury, is the largest of medieval 'doom' paintings and one of the clearest. Details of costume suggest that it dates to the last quarter of the 15th century.
Like nearly every English medieval church wall painting it was covered with whitewash sometime after the Reformation, rediscovered (when traces of color were noticed during cleaning) in the Victorian period, and restored.
For wonderful pictures, see
https://englishbuildings.blogspot.com/2021/04/sal…
Chart showing the number of references in each month of the diary's entries.
See all places in this category on one map