text:
Festival Info & Schedule
Sponsors & Sponsorship
until further notice
Click here to fill out musician application form
All ages and musical styles are invited and encouraged to perform at Party in the Park. If you are a local musician wanting to perform at this year's festival, please fill out the online form listed above.
Please contact the entertainment organizer at musicianspitp@bqcl.org if you have any questions.
2018 PERFORMERS
A hard rock band from Edmonton with original music and covers of Marilyn Manson, Nine Inch Nails and more. After their recent EP, The Angels Ignored Us released on iTunes, Spotify and more, Absinthe From Society are currently working on a video for their song, A Man obsessed.
YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjUifKFXfnY&t=302s
Facebook: www.facebook.com/pg/absinthefromsociety/
Blue Rhythm Stew
Blue Rhythm Stew features an eclectic mix of muscians who came together over their passion for the blues and an opportunity to give back to the community, by playing monthly at Hope Mission. Through this, "Blues for the Soul" became the mantra, expanding from Hope Mission to other local charities and fundraiser....all while spreading the gospel of the blues
Facebook: www.facebook.com/BlueRhythmStew
Bridge Motel
Each member of Bridge Motel brings a unique perspective to the band. With an accumulation of quality performing experience, the pool of talent delivers back-to-back modern and classic rock. Formed with experienced musicians, Bridge Motel starting out as a project to recreate the soul of each song and quickly grew to be a group of musicians and friends with a passion to play and share the fun of music!
Website: www.bridgemotel.ca
Facebook: www.facebook.com/bridgemotelyeg/
Brooks Rutten
We are a couple of guys who love music and have played music together for fun for many years. Recently we started to work on our ideas and try to get them out of the "garage" so to speak.
Canned Beans is a newly formed group from Edmonton Alberta, having played their first show at Visionary Performing arts Summer Fun Fest, they are now feeling ready to book more events. Canned Beans draws influence from classic and modern rock alongside various Hip Hop themes to deliver a set-list that is always sure to impress. The members include Hunter Woodward on Vocals, Dario Valdivia and Ethan Plettl sharing Guitar and Bass, and Wyatt Happer on Drums.
YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ohm_XjKTGuo
Chase Havoc
Chase Havoc is a rock band from Edmonton AB with Rock and alternative infused groove with just a touch of spice. Forged from the most precious metals and creative minds, comes an awesome flavour of music that can't be denied.
YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=xDsyF3fUr98
Website: www.reverbnation.com/Chasehavoc
Instagram: www.instagram.com/chasehavoc/
Facebook: www.facebook.com/TheChasehavoc
Clinically Impressed
Clinically Impressed is an alternative rock band based in St. Albert. Their recent performances include Strathcona County Canada Day, Autism Speaks Walk, Make Music Edmonton, Rotary Concerts in the Park. They are very excited to be returning to perform at Blue Quill Party in the Park for the second year.
Website: www.clinicallyimpressed.weebly.com
YouTube: www.youtube.com/channel/UC1nk0KBhLcQGxY2ktjlALMA
Instagram: www.instagram.com/clinically.impressed/
Facebook: www.facebook.com/clinicallyimpressed/
Twitter: twitter.com/Clinicallyimpre
What do you get when you mix a teacher, bureaucrat, administrator, and IT professional all with strong personalities and diverse musical taste? For the most part it isn't pretty (at least some of it isn't) but we share a love of playing music; our "Common Ground" Currently with one foot in the basement and one foot on the stage, we are pleased again to be playing at this event.
Pat Campbell- Lead Guitar
Luanne Flaumitsch- Rhythm and Bass Guitar
Susan Mallandaine-Vocals
Brian MacKinnon- Drums
Crown & Glory
Crown & Glory is a newly emerging Edmonton band but with years of experience from all members. Adam Hansen is a songwriter who brings his soul and passion to the stage supported with talent on bass and drums. This band sounds much bigger than a three-piece band and will have you on the dance floor.
Website: www.crownandglory.ca
Facebook: www.facebook.com/crownandglorytheband
Brothers Raeff (vocals) and Quinn Fontaine (guitar), longtime friend Luke Nelson (keys), have been playing music together for four years with friend, Sam Anderson joining on drums for the last two. Much of the music they play is older than they are: 70s and 80s rock.. They are a collaborative songwriting team and their original music has that same classic rock sound.
YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGjd3Ds7tpM&feature=youtu.be
Instagram: www.instagram.com/the__delusionsofgrandeur/
Denny Von Braun
Denny Von Braun is a local Edmonton artist with an eclectic style derivative of 80s synth classics. Denny writes all his music in a home studio(some people call it a kitchen). If you like pop inspired synth melodies, guitar solos, and dancing, check out Denny Von Braun. Denny's new retro sound is truly unique.
Website: www.musicglue.com/denny-von-braun
YouTube: www.youtube.com/channel/UCKc_2CzPnaZ3OeJUCvlSUtQ?view_as=subscriber
Facebook: www.facebook.com/DennyVonBraun/
Eric James
A classically trained pianist since the age of 8, Eric took a different musical route when he picked up a guitar and started to find his voice in his 22nd year. He has since played in intimate venues around the city, covering songs that speak to him while watering the soil of songwriting. A reader of poetry and lover of the earth, his music blurs the line between performer and audience with a strong yet gentle sound, bringing to the stage the intimacy of friends singing together around a campfire.
YouTube: www.youtube.com/ericjaames
Facebook: www.facebook.com/ericjaames
Fluid Drive Blues Band
We are a local Edmonton band playing our own takes on classic rock & blues tunes.
YouTube: www.youtube.com/channel/UCv_goit6dT9esjGNIvsGx1w?
Facebook: www.facebook.com/fluidrivebluesband/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/fluiddriveblues?lang=en
Funeral Photo op
A blend of hard indie rock and cowboy music played by 3 cool 19 year-olds looking to turn this party into a partay
YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXsNbq9sC3M
Garth Ukrainetz
I'm a songwriter living beside the Blackmud Creek in Skyrattler. Many of my songs have to do with the Blackmud Creek here in Edmonton.
YouTube: www.youtube.com/channel/UCLXtQBT4hEqeleRPGXLL5Tg
The three musicians of Heartland were brought together by their love of music. Their dedication and determination has lead them to perform at many venues such as Big Valley Jamboree, Ivan Daines Pick-Nik, The Irish Sports and Social Center, and the Willingdon Arena! Heartland is currently working on writing, recording, and producing. Be sure to check out their website! Enjoy their country rock style!
Website: https://heartlandmusic.github.io/
YouTube: www.youtube.com/channel/UC7EyhL4pow02cY3ir0ob51g
Instagram: www.instagram.com/heartland_ab/
Facebook: www.facebook.com/HeartlandAB/
Twitter: twitter.com/heartland_music/
Los Cuates
Having played all over North America in various bands playing drums (Ben) and bass (Josh). We have moved back home from Montreal, where we studied jazz and classical music, earning degrees in music. We have started to write our own songs, influenced by Simon and Garfunkel, and the Everly Brothers.
YouTube: https://youtu.be/JQYqUjEzByw
Lost Lynx
Electrifying and uncompromising rock 'n' roll band from just down the street, Lost
Lynx is bringing back the heavy, crunching flavours from a generation ago. They
look forward to releasing their next demo of original hard rock jams at the end of
the month!
Website: www.lostlynx.bandcamp.com/releases
Instagram: www.instagram.com/lostlynxmusic/
Facebook: www.facebook.com/LostLynxMusic/
LOVESETSFIRE
LOVESETSFIRE is a diverse group of Edmonton artists led by young women, Indigenous and ethnic musicians. Their first foray into music making in 2018 plans to be a powerful collection of dark and beautiful love songs, presented through their own brand of electronic indie-folk music -bringing a haunting, meditative and deeply romantic experience to listening audiences.
Website: www.lovesetsfire.com/
Instagram: www.instagram.com/lovesetsfire
M-FLO & K-PEX
This will be Mark's 4th time at PITP and Kenneth's 2nd time. last year we were a trio with another buddy. This year will just be Mark and Kenneth. We've jammed for years just for fun, and figured we'd do a few covers again this year.
Marshall Lawrence
Marshall has the distinction of being a Maple Blues Award and Canadian Independent Music Award nominee. In reviews of his CDs, Marshall has been described as a Neo-Delta Visionary (Living Blues) and has been compared to Woody Guthrie (Living Blues) and to Taj Mahal, Roy Bookbinder and Corey Harris (Rootstime).
Marshall has written and released "Where's the Party" (2003), "The Morning After" (2008), "Blues Intervention" (2010), "House Call" (2013) and "Feeling Fine" (2018). He has charted in the top 10 on Roots Music Report's Roots Blues Top 50 Blues (International) – radio play, in the top 10 on Canada's Roots Music Report – radio play, and in the top 10 on Roots Music Report - Roots Blues Top 50 Blues - internet radio play.
Marshall has also produced and released 13 episodes of the WEB series "Why I Love The Blues" asking blues musicians, fans, and movers & shakers why they love the blues. To date, the series has received over 12,000 views.
Website: www.marshalllawrence.com
YouTube: www.youtube.com/marshalllawrence
Facebook: www.facebook.com/doctorblues
Twitter: www.twitter.com/doctorblues
Moonshine Mamas
Moonshine Mamas have taken their altrock roots and they have "Gone Country". Their unique vocal harmonies and rock based guitar set them apart from other bands. With their first single set to release in 2018, the trio has been spending their time writing and performing in Edmonton and, of course, taking care of their Moonshine Minis.
Website: www.moonshinemamasmusic.com
Facebook: www.facebook.com/moonshinemamasmusic
YouTube: www.youtube.com/channel/UChhPrQc9cMSUarOALqiVWHA
Instagram: www.instagram.com/moonshinemamasmusic
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MoonshineMamas1
Pablo Montano
Hi! I am Pablo Montano! I am a political science university student about to start my third year! Music has been my passion for over 10 years. I play guitar, bass guitar and ukulele as well as sing. I perform originals and cover music. My goal with my music is to get you singing a long and smiling at the same time.
YouTube: www.youtube.com/user/psml1313
Instagram: www.instagram.com/couldbepablo/
Rebecca Lappa and The Revelry
Rebecca Lappa is a Canadian Folk Music Awards and Edmonton Music Awards winner. Her music is a blend of folk, pop and rock, that showcases her powerful vocals, storytelling, and thought provoking lyrics. With her red hair and red guitar, she brings fire to every performance. Her songs crackle with originality, blaze with passion and glow with honest emotions.
Lappa performs with her band The Revelry, made up of MacEwan University trained musicians: Nick Samoil on keys, Madi Myhre on bass and Peter Joshua on drums. Since forming in 2016, they have entertained at over 100 events, opened for the Pistol Whips, Leeroy Stagger, Jenn Grant, and Sam Tudor and were finalists in the "She's The One" contest at the 2016 and 2017 Ottawa Blues Festival.
Website: www.rebeccalappa.com
YouTube: www.youtube.com/user/LappaMusic/featured
Instagram: www.instagram.com/rebeccalappamusic/
Facebook: www.facebook.com/RebeccaLappaMusic/
Twitter: twitter.com/rebecca_lappa
Take melodic musical works from the 60's, blend it together with 90's brit-rock and you will have the Canadian four-piece band, rhodes. We're from the south side of Edmonton that formed in 2008 by the Amundson brothers; they simply make music - for themselves and for as many people that will listen. Never trying to fit into a scene, rhodes has always held close two ideals when creating music - write what you like, don't write to be liked. With a simple straightforward attitude and swagger, the music which they create, merges their influences and brings a soothing, confident feel that is a breath of fresh air.
Website: www.rhodesband.com
Facebook: www.facebook.com/rhodesband/
Twitter: twitter.com/rhodes_band?lang=en
Shelley and the Professors
Shelley Simon and Peter Smith met at various blues jams around 3 years ago and realized their similar tastes in music. First they got together with a few friends to work on material for the jams but this slowly morphed into a more serious band by mid -2017. The current line up is
Shelley Simon Vocals, Peter Smith (Dr. Frog) Guitar, Peter Boxall (Burma Pete) Bass, Richie Morovic (Harp), and Clay (Catfish) Dickson (Drums).
We are a blues based band but venture into funk, jazz and rock. We want people to dance!! The band is pretty new so we've only had a few gigs so far. These include a charity event at Blackjack's in Leduc and a performance at the "Weekend for Willie" benefit at the Newcastle pub.
YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdXcKUiOzQw&feature=share
Silent Script
An album that takes you on a journey through the ups and downs of life. The depths of ones soul is the limit of your experience. Be prepared to be taken on a roller coaster of emotion. Just when you feel calm and relaxed you'll be hit with another mind bending progression.
Website: https://silent-script.bandcamp.com
Facebook: www.facebook.com/Silent-Script-340483186112570/
Something Mechanical
Something Mechanical is a three piece modern rock band out of Edmonton AB. We are dedicated and committed to our sound which is influenced by 90's rock/grunge with a modern flavour. Since the band's new line up formed in late 2016, Something Mechanical has played all over Alberta and has plans to conquer the west coast next. Our latest single "The Way Up" has been getting regular radio play on 106.9 The Wolf FM in Nanaimo BC.
Website: www.somethingmechanical.com
YouTube: www.youtube.com/channel/UCT5jefcwzJ6Qd9ylt2Hj1Aw
Facebook: www.facebook.com/somethingmechanical/
Twitter: twitter.com/somethingmech?lang=en
Studio Fire Band
The Studio Fire Band Is an Edmonton Based Indie Rock Band .We are a High Energy Band and very Passionate about playing music ,we like to see everyone have a good time and even dancing when possible .We have 20 Videos on the bands Facebook page this gives everyone a good idea of our energy and sound.
Website: www.studiofireband.com
Facebook: www.facebook.com/bob.nedved.188
Ten Cent Lift
We have played Alberta's Own Independent Music Festival 2014 and 2015, Bentagain Music Festival 2017, Sly's Pig Roast 2017, K'97 Rock Out With Your Cook Out twice in 2017, Write Ranch Music Fest, Ourfest 2016, Blue Quill Party in the Park 2017, Arlo's Howlaween Bash 2014-15-16-17. This year we are playing Maylong Mayhem, Write Ranch, Waynestock, Adamstock, Arlo's Howlaween Bash and hopefully Blue Quill Party in the Park.
We have shared stages with countless indie bands, professional bands including, Econoline Crush, Monster Truck, The Wild, Honeymoon Suite, The Grapes of Wrath, The Northern Pikes, The Odds, Prism and more.
Website: www.tencentlift.com
YouTube: tencentlift@youtube.com
Instagram: www.instagram.com/ryan10centlift/
Facebook: www.facebook.com/tencentlift/
Twitter: tencentlift@twitter.com
The Forever Tree Band
The Forever Tree band is only composed of two members, Bryan and Esther-Grace. But don't let them fool you, this small 2 member band bring a huge sound and they are ready to take the world by storm. With their powerful heartfelt vocals singing songs of Heartache and Hope,
comprised with phat electronic beats, soothing synths, and sweet guitar tones, they make up an Electronic Pop Bohemia. They are not afraid to experiment with style and genre to create a sound that is truly one of a kind.
Website: www.theforevertreeband.com
YouTube: www.youtube.com/channel/UCVvcUIjqyk7SuOftoHOc7DA
Instagram: www.instagram.com/the_forevertree_band/
Facebook: www.facebook.com/theforevertreeband/
Twitter: www.twitter.com/forevertreeband
The Stubborn Dutchmen
We're a new band but we've been working on an album for the past 8 months. We all have experience performing in front of people in other ways but would love to share our music with the community for the first time as a group! Sorry we don't have any official pics or videos just yet but let us know if you need more samples, we can make it happen!
Website: www.reverbnation.com/stubborndutchmen
The Van Dangos
Formed in 2016, The Van Dangos have been playing through the local Edmonton music scene with their brand of 50's influenced rock n' roll. By combining elements of rockabilly, swing, country and blues, The Van Dangos will keep you movin' and groovin'.
Website: www.vandangosband.bandcamp.com/releases
Facebook: www.facebook.com/vandangosband/
This Is the Silence
This Is The Silence is a touring Band from all over Canada, currently living in Edmonton Alberta! We have played gigs from festivals to small family events and shared the stage with bands like Simple Plan, Tom Cochrane, The Wild!, One Bad Son and more. Currently their mission is to play as many shows as possible and get their sound to the world!
YouTube: https://youtube/GDGSMRSXJzw
Instagram: www.instagram.com/_thisisthesilence_/
Facebook: www.facebook.com/thisisthesilence/
UNIQUE MIXX
Our band is called Unique Mixx. We are family. We are a local Edmonton Live Acoustic Cover Band. We created the name because of our well blended sound and the unique comforting effect we have on our audiences.
Facebook: www.facebook.com/unique.mixx.1
© 2018 by Micheline Happer. Proudly created with Wix.com


Rowan Co Christmas. Refreshments provided. Come on out and have a good time and take home a great door hanger! There are 2 projects to choose from - A cross or a watering can with flowers. Contact Rhonda at 356-1661 to reserve your spot!
Our annual golf scramble at Eagle Trace Golf Course will be held on Saturday, August 24th. Shotgun start at 9:00am. Registration at 8:00 am. Food, refreshments and prizes and giveaways provided. Cost is $75.00 per person.
The dates for sign ups for applications for RCC will be at the Christian Social Services from October 1st until November 15th,2019. You must be a resident of Rowan County and bring proof of income for all in the household plus proof of residency and photo ID and meet the income guidelines. We serve families with children 0-18 and seniors 65 and older.


text:
Commission on later school start dates to hold first meeting
CONCORD, N.H. — New Hampshire Gov. Chris Sununu's commission to study whether schools should have a later start date is meeting for the first time Tuesday.
New Hampshire Public Radio reports the commission consists of 13 members, and they are a mix of school administrators, parents, lawmakers and tourism industry representatives.
The commission was formed by an executive order in August to see whether schools should start after Labor Day.
Sununu and other supporters of the later start date say the changes will help increase summer tourism revenue and support families taking August vacations.
Commission chair Jamie Burnett says many school districts have different start dates, which makes it confusing for parents.
The commission has until Nov. 30 to issue its recommendations.
Information from: WEVO-FM, http://www.nhpr.org/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Triple door glazed panel display cabinet top with fluted column detail in a limed oak style finish with gold tint highlights. A dark finish interior with glazed shelving, down-lights fitted but will need testing by a qualified electrician. This would make an attractive and practical feature within any domestic or retail space.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I was going through some old files recently, and stumbled upon a piece of writing accompanied with a picture of my hair, dated October 2013.
This is my hair four months before I was hospitalized. It was already starting to fall out in clumps that clogged my shower drain and got between my sheets and managed to find their way into every nook and cranny I came across. But it was still so thick. A pony tail holder could hardly get around twice, it was such a wild, curly, voluminous mess. In this picture I had just cut six inches off, but it used to be so long. People stopped me in the halls and in the supermarket to tell me that they loved my wavy mane. But today, as I was washing it, it really hit me how thin it's gotten. The curls are nearly gone, my pony tails that used to be so thick around my hand could just barely wrap around are now so thin they slide out. My buns that used to be larger than my fist are so tiny. I miss my hair. It's a ridiculous thing to miss. But as much as it was a pain, as awful as it made hot, humid days, I thought it was the most beautiful thing around me. I dutifully took care of it, never dyed it, never used heat on it, and it glowed. It was healthy. But I ruined that. My body is repairing itself. I can run and jump without being tired and I can walk up stairs and I can dance and I have my emotions back and I can laugh...but somehow this thin, balding mess on my head bothers me more than anything. Your hair reflects your health from the months before, and while I'm more stable now, months ago I wasn't. And now my hair is still thinning and thinning and thinning....It's a silly thing to complain about, a silly thing to make me cry, but it makes me so sad that I hurt my body. It makes me so sad that I neglected it and damaged it, and my hair just serves as a reminder of that every day. Will it ever grow back? Will I ever get my crazy, thick mane that I loved so much back? I don't know. I just don't know. But it makes me sad.
My freshly developing writing skills aside, I used to love my hair. It was the thing that made me me- I was the girl with the pretty hair, the hair so long little girls called me a princess and so thick my parents were sick of the shower drain getting clogged. I had never felt self-conscious about my hair the way I felt self-concious of the rest of me. Even when I wasn't smart enough, good enough, perfect enough, I had my hair.
Maybe it's silly to put so much emphasis on one physical attribute. But historically, hair has had a strong cultural significance for both men and women. A study at Western Connecticut State University found a strong correlation between people's perception of hair in relation to their happiness: the more satisfied they were with the way their hair looked, the happier they were. It's a symbol of many things, of health, wealth, status, beauty, and even competence in our culture, whether we are consciously aware of it or not.But more than that, my hair falling out symbolized something far greater than its impact on my physical appearance. It symbolized the fact that I was dead wrong about what it was I was doing to my body.
I've said before that I didn't believe I had an eating disorder even as I was being hospitalized. Like many eating disorder patients, I had a strong delusion that what I was doing was nothing more than simple control. Logically, I knew the impact of unhealthful activities- deterioration of the body. And yet, I somehow believed that what I was doing would never catch up to me. It's a sense of indestructibility I can't quite put into words-maybe a toxic combination of being a teenager and being an anorexic- being beyond death, beyond consequence.
Even lying in a hospital bed, surrounded by a million wires and haunted by the persistent, sluggish beeping of my heart on a monitor, I didn't believe I had done anything wrong. I couldn't believe. My mother sat beside me in a chair facing the stone-cold doctor and said, "She's just too smart for this."
Of course, what kind of an idiot hurts themselves in this way? Eating is a primal human instinct, a necessity to life. As animals, our single goal in life is to simply survive, and I had directly sabotaged that goal. Like a sudden rush of realization, I saw the situation through the eyes of those around me for the first time: I was slowly killing myself, and had done so with stone-cold dedication.
A consequence of anorexia is being entirely preoccupied with the self. It's true, as awful as it sounds, that eating disorder patients are completely selfish. Our only goal, only fixation, is to cling to the last shreds of control we have over our lives, and everything else fades into background noise. The concerns of my parents? Unnecessary. The warnings of my therapist? Overreactions. The tearful confrontations of my friends? Misunderstandings. I wasn't sick, I couldn't be sick, I was too smart to be sick.
And yet, there I stood, holding clumps of my hair like I'd only ever seen a cancer patient do.
My hair once hung around my waist. It was a deep, honey brown that looked gold in the sun. It was thick and heavy like a blanket and bouncy like curling ribbon on a present. I tied it into rope-like braids and complained about how unbearable it made the summer months with a smile.
Now it was thinning and patchy, with my milky scalp being the main attraction. I distinctly remember the tightening of my throat and the dizziness of realization. For the first time, I was being presented with a physical evidence of what I had done. Blood pressure readings and EKG reports were just numbers to me- intangible representations of things I should be worried about, but wasn't. But now I could see what the people around me saw; a sick person.
I saw the girls I had seen in the hospital that made me want to look away, half out of embarrassment, half out of fear. I saw the sunken eyes, the waxy skin, the balding scalp. I saw the dead stare and the twitchy mannerisms. I saw in myself something I had never seen before: an anorexic.
There are points in your life where you have two options: you can use something as a reason to give up, or you can use something as a reason to get better.
As I've gotten better, I've noticed changes in myself, milestones of health returning. My nails went from a dusty blue to a glossy peach. My cheeks grew flush like roses were blossoming under the flesh, once coiled up for winter. My eyes started to light up again, no longer dull and pulled back into my skull. And every once and awhile, with increasing frequency, a smile would pull my lips wide and a laugh would escape like it was uncertain of its welcome.
But I always come back to my hair.
It's much thicker than before, I no longer have the receding hairline of a middle-aged man. At first I let it grow long, back down around my waist, but it hung around me like a limp and stringy curtain. I grew frustrated and chopped off six inches, and then a few months later got frustrated again and chopped off another six. It started filling out more, gaining strength and glossiness as time went on. It's even starting to grow quickly again, suddenly grazing my shoulders and then dripping between my shoulder blades seemingly with no warning. But while it's clearly healthier than before, it's still not the same as it used to be.
In a way, I understand this from a scientific point of view: years have passed, my hormones have changed, patterns of hair growth are different as you age. But I'll always see it as a reminder of what I have gone through, a reminder that you can't torment your body and expect it to bounce back to full capacity, even with years of healing. It's a reminder that I am not indestructible, that I'm not above the consequences of my actions. It's a reminder that many times, we are blind to the realities of the decisions we make.
I don't see it as punishment- I'm a firm believer that eating disorders are not really conscious decisions, but rather culminations and manifestations of lurking susceptibility to mental illness and life's stress. But I also believe that the Universe (or God, or Allah, or Buddha, or whoever you choose) sends us reminders in different ways. And to me, this is a reminder of who I have been, and who I'm choosing to become.
It's more than just hair to me.
On Weight Gain, Body Ideals, Before-and-Afters, and More.


For other uses, see Brooklyn Bridge (disambiguation).
The Brooklyn Bridge is a hybrid cable-stayed/suspension bridge in New York City. It connects the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn, spanning the East River. The Brooklyn Bridge has a main span of 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m) and a height of 276.5 ft (84.3 m) above mean high water. It is one of the oldest roadway bridges in the United States and was the world's first steel-wire suspension bridge, as well as the first fixed crossing across the East River.
The Brooklyn Bridge started construction in 1869 and was completed fourteen years later in 1883. It was originally called the New York and Brooklyn Bridge and the East River Bridge, but it was later dubbed the Brooklyn Bridge, a name coming from an earlier January 25, 1867 letter to the editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle and formally so named by the city government in 1915. Over the years, the Brooklyn Bridge has undergone several reconfigurations; it formerly carried horse-drawn vehicles and elevated railway lines, but now carries vehicular, pedestrian, and bicycle traffic. Commercial vehicles are banned from the bridge.
Since opening, the Brooklyn Bridge has become an icon of New York City, ranking among the city's most popular tourist attractions. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964 and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1972.
Although the Brooklyn Bridge is technically a suspension bridge, it uses a hybrid cable-stayed/suspension bridge design. The towers are built of limestone, granite, and Rosendale cement. The limestone was quarried at the Clark Quarry in Essex County, New York. The granite blocks were quarried and shaped on Vinalhaven Island, Maine, under a contract with the Bodwell Granite Company, and delivered from Maine to New York by schooner.
The bridge was built with numerous passageways and compartments in its anchorages. New York City rented out the large vaults under the bridge's Manhattan anchorage in order to fund the bridge. Opened in 1876, the vaults were used to store wine, as they were always at 60 °F (16 °C). This was called the "Blue Grotto" because of a shrine to the Virgin Mary next to an opening at the entrance. When New York magazine visited one of the cellars in 1978, it discovered on the wall a "fading inscription" reading: "Who loveth not wine, women and song, he remaineth a fool his whole life long."
The bridge was conceived by German immigrant John Augustus Roebling in 1852, who spent part of the next 15 years working to sell the idea. He had previously designed and constructed shorter suspension bridges, such as Roebling's Delaware Aqueduct in Lackawaxen, Pennsylvania, and the John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky.
In February 1867, the New York State Senate passed a bill that allowed the construction of a suspension bridge from Brooklyn to Manhattan. Two months later, the New York and Brooklyn Bridge Company was incorporated. The company was tasked with constructing what was then known as the New York and Brooklyn Bridge.
While conducting surveys for the bridge project, Roebling sustained a crush injury to his foot when a ferry pinned it against a piling. After amputation of his crushed toes, he developed a tetanus infection that left him incapacitated and soon resulted in his death in 1869. His 32-year-old son, Washington Roebling, was later designated to replace his father. "After a week I had become sufficiently composed to take a sober look at my own situation," Washington later wrote. "Here I was at the age of 32 suddenly put in charge of the most stupendous engineering structure of the age! The prop on which I had hitherto leaned had fallen -- henceforth I must rely on myself -- How much better when this happens early in life, before we realize what it all implies."
Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began in 1869. The bridge's two towers were built by floating two caissons, giant upside-down boxes made of southern yellow pine, in the span of the East River, and then beginning to build the stone towers on top of them until they sank to the bottom of the river. Compressed air was pumped into the caissons, and workers entered the space to dig the sediment, until the caissons sank to the bedrock. Once the caissons had reached the desired depth, the caissons were filled in with brick piers and concrete. The whole weight of the bridge still rests upon these constructions.
Many workers became sick with the bends during this work. This condition was unknown at the time and was first called "caisson disease" by the project physician, Andrew Smith. Washington Roebling suffered a paralyzing injury as a result of "caisson disease" shortly after ground was broken for the Brooklyn tower foundation on January 3, 1870. Roebling's debilitating condition left him unable to physically supervise the construction firsthand.
As chief engineer, Roebling supervised the entire project from his apartment with a view of the work, designing and redesigning caissons and other equipment. He was aided by his wife, Emily Warren Roebling, who provided the critical written link between her husband and the engineers on site. Emily Warren Roebling understood higher mathematics, calculations of catenary curves, strengths of materials, bridge specifications, and intricacies of cable construction. She spent the next 11 years helping to supervise the bridge's construction.
When iron probes underneath the caisson for the Manhattan tower found the bedrock to be even deeper than expected, Roebling halted construction due to the increased risk of decompression sickness. He later deemed the sandy subsoil overlying the bedrock 30 feet (9.1 m) below it to be firm enough to support the tower base, and construction continued.
The construction of the Brooklyn Bridge is detailed in The Great Bridge (1972), the book by David McCullough, and in Brooklyn Bridge (1981), the first PBS documentary film by Ken Burns. Burns drew heavily on McCullough's book for the film and used him as narrator. It is also described in Seven Wonders of the Industrial World, a BBC docudrama series with an accompanying book, as well as the book Chief Engineer: Washington Roebling, The Man Who Built the Brooklyn Bridge (2017).
The New York and Brooklyn Bridge was opened for use on May 24, 1883. Thousands of people attended the opening ceremony, and many ships were present in the East Bay for the occasion. President Chester A. Arthur and Mayor Franklin Edson crossed the bridge to celebratory cannon fire and were greeted by Brooklyn Mayor Seth Low when they reached the Brooklyn-side tower. Arthur shook hands with Washington Roebling at the latter's home, after the ceremony. Roebling was unable to attend the ceremony (and in fact rarely visited the site again), but held a celebratory banquet at his house on the day of the bridge opening. Further festivity included the performance of a band, gunfire from ships, and a fireworks display. Since the New York and Brooklyn Bridge was the only one across the East River at that time, it was also called East River Bridge.
Chromolithograph of the "Great East River Suspension Bridge", (Brooklyn Bridge), by Currier and Ives, 1883.
On that first day, a total of 1,800 vehicles and 150,300 people crossed what was then the only land passage between Manhattan and Brooklyn. Emily Warren Roebling was the first to cross the bridge. The bridge's main span over the East River is 1,595 feet 6 inches (486.3 m). The bridge cost US$15.5 million in 1883 dollars (about US$403,339,000 in today's dollars) to build, and an estimated 27 men died during its construction.
On May 30, 1883, six days after the opening, a woman falling down the stairway caused a stampede, which was responsible for at least twelve people being crushed and killed. On May 17, 1884, P. T. Barnum helped to squelch doubts about the bridge's stability—while publicizing his famous circus—when one of his most famous attractions, Jumbo, led a parade of 21 elephants over the Brooklyn Bridge.
At the time it opened, and for several years, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world—50% longer than any previously built—and it has become a treasured landmark. Since the 1980s, it has been floodlit at night to highlight its architectural features. The architectural style is neo-Gothic, with characteristic pointed arches above the passageways through the stone towers. The paint scheme of the bridge is "Brooklyn Bridge Tan" and "Silver", although it has been argued that the original paint was "Rawlins Red".
At the time the bridge was built, engineers had not yet discovered the aerodynamics of bridge construction. Bridges were not tested in wind tunnels until the 1950s, well after the collapse of the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge, known as Galloping Gertie, in 1940. It is therefore fortunate that the open truss structure supporting the deck is by its nature less subject to aerodynamic problems. Roebling designed a bridge and truss system that was six times as strong as he thought it needed to be. Because of this, the Brooklyn Bridge is still standing when many of the bridges built around the same time have vanished or been replaced. This is also in spite of the substitution of inferior quality wire in the cabling supplied by the contractor J. Lloyd Haigh—by the time it was discovered, it was too late to replace the cabling that had already been constructed. Roebling determined that the poorer wire would leave the bridge four rather than six times as strong as necessary, so it was eventually allowed to stand, with the addition of 250 cables.
In 1915, the city government officially named the structure the "Brooklyn Bridge", a name first mentioned in print in a January 1867 letter to the editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle.
During the Cold War, a fallout shelter was constructed beneath the Manhattan approach. The abandoned space in one of the masonry arches still contained the emergency survival supplies for a potential nuclear attack by the Soviet Union when rediscovered in 2006 during a routine inspection.
In 1964, the bridge was designated a National Historic Landmark, having become an icon of New York City since its opening, and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1972.
The centennial celebrations on May 24, 1983, saw a cavalcade of cars crossing the bridge, led by President Ronald Reagan. A flotilla of ships visited the harbor, parades were held, and in the evening the sky over the bridge was illuminated by Grucci Fireworks. The Brooklyn Museum exhibited a selection of the original drawings made for the bridge's construction, some by Washington Roebling. Media coverage of the centennial was declared "the public relations triumph of 1983" by Inc.
Beginning on May 22, 2008, five days of festivities celebrated the 125th anniversary of the bridge's opening. The events kicked off with a live performance of the Brooklyn Philharmonic in Empire–Fulton Ferry State Park, followed by special lighting of the bridge's towers and a fireworks display. Other events held during the 125th anniversary celebrations, which coincided with the Memorial Day weekend, included a film series, historical walking tours, information tents, a series of lectures and readings, a bicycle tour of Brooklyn, a miniature golf course featuring Brooklyn icons, and other musical and dance performances. Just before the anniversary celebrations, artist Paul St George installed the Telectroscope, a video link between New York City and London, on the Brooklyn side of the bridge. The installation lasted for a few weeks and permitted viewers in New York City to see people looking into a matching telectroscope near London's Tower Bridge. A newly renovated pedestrian connection to the DUMBO neighborhood was also unveiled before the anniversary celebrations.
After the 2007 collapse of the I-35W highway bridge in Minneapolis, public attention focused on the condition of bridges across the U.S. The New York Times reported that the Brooklyn Bridge approach ramps received a rating of "poor" during its inspection in 2007. According to a NYC Department of Transportation spokesman, the poor rating did not indicate a dangerous state but rather implied it required renovation. A US$508 million project (equivalent to US$584 million in 2018) to renovate the approaches began in 2010, with the full bridge renovation beginning in early 2011 which was originally scheduled to run until 2014, however the project did not finish until April 2015. Work included widening two approach ramps from one to two lanes by re-striping a new prefabricated ramp; raising clearance over the eastbound Interstate 278 at York Street, on the double-deck Brooklyn-Queens Expressway; seismic retrofitting; replacement of rusted railings and safety barriers; and road deck resurfacing. The nature of the work necessitated detours for four years.
In August 2016, after the renovation of the bridge deck had been completed, the New York City Department of Transportation announced that it would conduct a seven-month, $370,000 study to verify if the bridge could support a heavier upper deck that consisted of an expanded bicycle and pedestrian path. As of 2016[update], about 10,000 pedestrians and 3,500 bikers use the pathway on an average weekday. Work on the pedestrian entrance on the Brooklyn side was underway by 2017.
In July 2018, the Landmarks Preservation Commission approved a further renovation of the Brooklyn Bridge's suspension towers, with construction scheduled to begin in mid-2019. That December, the federal government gave the city $25 million in funding. This would pay for a $337 million rehabilitation of the bridge approaches and the suspension towers.
View from the pedestrian walkway. The bridge's cable arrangement forms a distinctive weblike pattern.
The Brooklyn Bridge originally carried horse-drawn and rail traffic, with a separate elevated walkway along the centerline for pedestrians and bicycles. Since 1950, the main roadway has carried six lanes of automobile traffic. Because of the roadway's height (11 ft (3.4 m) posted) and weight (6,000 lb (2,700 kg) posted) restrictions, commercial vehicles and buses are prohibited from using this bridge. The two inside traffic lanes once carried elevated trains of the BMT from Brooklyn points to a terminal at Park Row via Sands Street. Streetcars ran on what are now the two center lanes (shared with other traffic) until the elevated lines stopped using the bridge in 1944, when they moved to the protected center tracks. In 1950, the streetcars also stopped running, and the bridge was rebuilt to carry six lanes of automobile traffic.
The Brooklyn Bridge is accessible to vehicles from the Brooklyn entrances of Tillary/Adams Streets, Sands/Pearl Streets, and Exit 28B of the eastbound Brooklyn-Queens Expressway. In Manhattan, cars can enter from either direction of the FDR Drive, Park Row, Chambers/Centre Streets, and Pearl/Frankfort Streets. Pedestrian and bicycle access to the bridge from the Brooklyn side is from either Tillary/Adams Streets (in between the vehicular entrance/exit) or a staircase on Prospect Street between Cadman Plaza East and West. In Manhattan, the pedestrian walkway is accessible from the end of Centre Street or through the unpaid south staircase of Brooklyn Bridge – City Hall / Chambers Street subway station complex.
The Brooklyn Bridge has a wide walkway open to pedestrians and cyclists in the center of the bridge above the automobile lanes. In 1971, a center line was painted to separate cyclists from pedestrians, creating one of the city's first dedicated bike lanes. More than 4,000 pedestrians and 3,100 cyclists cross the Brooklyn Bridge each day. While the bridge has always permitted the passage of pedestrians across its span, its role in allowing thousands to cross takes on a special importance in times of difficulty when usual means of crossing the East River have become unavailable.
During transit strikes by the Transport Workers Union in 1980 and 2005, people commuting to work used the bridge joined by Mayors Ed Koch and Michael Bloomberg who crossed as a gesture to the affected public.
Following the 1965, 1977, and 2003 blackouts and most famously after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center, people leaving Manhattan used the bridge after MTA suspended subway service. During the 2003 event, many crossing the bridge reported a swaying motion. The higher than usual pedestrian load caused this swaying coupled with the tendency of pedestrians to synchronize their footfalls with a sway, amplifying the motion. Several engineers expressed concern about how this would affect the bridge, although others noted that the bridge did withstand the event and that the redundancies in its design—the inclusion of the three support systems (suspension system, diagonal stay system, and stiffening truss)—make it "probably the best secured bridge against such movements going out of control". Bridge designer John Roebling had stated that due to such redundancies, the bridge would sag, yet not fall, even if one of these structural systems were to fail altogether.
Access to the bridge is provided by a complex series of ramps on both the Manhattan and Brooklyn sides of the bridge.
In 1919, Giorgio Pessi piloted what was then one of the world's largest airplanes, the Caproni Ca.5, under the bridge.
In June 1993, following 13 reconnoiters inside the metal structure, and with the help of a mountain guide, Thierry Devaux illegally performed eight acrobatic bungee jumps above the East River close to the Brooklyn-side pier, in the early morning. He used an electric winch between each acrobatic figure.
There have been several notable jumpers as well. The first person to jump from the bridge was Robert Emmet Odlum, brother of women's rights activist Charlotte Odlum Smith, on May 19, 1885. He struck the water at an angle and died shortly thereafter from internal injuries. Steve Brodie dropped from underneath the bridge in July 1886, although there is some doubt about this. Larry Donovan made a slightly higher jump from the railing a month later and went on to an international bridge jumping career. Cartoonist Otto Eppers jumped and survived in 1910, and was then tried and acquitted for attempted suicide. A lesser known early jumper was James Duffy of County Cavan, Ireland, who, on April 15, 1895, asked several men to watch him jump from the bridge. Duffy jumped and was not seen again.
On March 1, 1994, Lebanese-born Rashid Baz opened fire on a van carrying members of the Chabad-Lubavitch Orthodox Jewish Movement, striking 16-year-old student Ari Halberstam and three others traveling on the bridge. Halberstam died five days later from his wounds. Baz was apparently acting out of revenge for the Hebron massacre of 29 Palestinian Muslims by Baruch Goldstein that had taken place a few days earlier on February 25, 1994. Baz was convicted of murder and sentenced to a 141-year prison term. After initially classifying the murder as one committed out of road rage, the Justice Department reclassified the case in 2000 as a terrorist attack. The entrance ramp to the bridge on the Manhattan side was named the Ari Halberstam Memorial Ramp in memory of the victim.
In 2003, truck driver Iyman Faris was sentenced to about 20 years in prison for providing material support to Al-Qaeda, after an earlier plot to destroy the bridge by cutting through its support wires with blowtorches was thwarted through information the National Security Agency uncovered through wiretapped phone conversations and interrogation of Al-Qaeda militants.
On October 1, 2011, police arrested more than 700 protesters with the Occupy Wall Street movement who attempted to march across the bridge on the roadway.
Early in the morning on July 22, 2014, the two American flags attached to poles atop each tower were found to have been replaced by American flags that had been bleached white. It is believed that several individuals covered the lights that illuminate the flags, then climbed the cables to the top of the two bridge towers. Authorities reviewed evidence including surveillance footage and DNA taken from the bridge, and by August 1, 2014, they found up to nine "persons of interest" with a possible motive being cannabis activism. However, on August 12, 2014, two Berlin artists claimed responsibility for hoisting the two white flags, causing the security panic and investigation by New York police. Mischa Leinkauf and Matthias Wermke said the flags were meant to celebrate "the beauty of public space" and the anniversary of the death of German-born John Roebling, who designed the bridge. The artists say they hand-sewed the two flags into all-white replicas of an American flag and had the original flags ready to return. "This was not an anti-American statement," Wermke said.
"Bird's-Eye View of the Great New York and Brooklyn Bridge and Grand Display of Fire Works on Opening Night"
Contemporaries marveled at what technology was capable of, and the bridge became a symbol of the optimism at the time of construction. John Perry Barlow wrote in the late 20th century of the "literal and genuinely religious leap of faith" embodied in the Brooklyn Bridge — "the Brooklyn Bridge required of its builders faith in their ability to control technology".
References to "selling the Brooklyn Bridge" abound in American culture, sometimes as examples of rural gullibility but more often in connection with an idea that strains credulity. For example, "If you believe that, I've got a bridge to sell you." George C. Parker and William McCloundy are two early 20th-century con-men who had successfully perpetrated this scam on unwitting tourists. The 1949 Bugs Bunny cartoon "Bowery Bugs" is also a joking reference to Bugs "selling" a story of the Brooklyn Bridge to a naive tourist.
A bronze plaque is attached to one of the bridge's anchorages, which was constructed on a piece of property occupied by a mansion, the Samuel Osgood House, at 1 Cherry Street in Manhattan. It served as the first Presidential Mansion, housing George Washington, his family, and household staff from April 23, 1789 to February 23, 1790, when New York City was the national capital. Its owner, Samuel Osgood, a Massachusetts politician and lawyer, married Maria Bowne Franklin, widow of Walter Franklin, the New York merchant who built it in 1770. Washington occupied the structure a week before his 1789 inauguration as first President of the United States. In addition to living quarters, the Osgood House contained the President's private office and the public business office, making it the first seat of the executive branch of the federal government.
"Love locks" is a practice by which a couple inscribes a date and their initials onto a lock, attach it to the bridge, and throw the key into the water as a sign of their "everlasting love". Although the origin of the practice is unknown, it is more popular in Europe, where more than 20 countries have at least one city with a similar location. It has reportedly caused damage to certain bridges and is officially illegal in New York City. Workers periodically remove the love locks from the bridge.
The bridge is often featured in wide shots of the New York City skyline in television and film. American Modernist poet Hart Crane used the Brooklyn Bridge as a central metaphor and organizing structure for his second and most important book of poetry, The Bridge. This book takes the form of a long poem spanning eight parts, beginning with an ode ("Proem: To Brooklyn Bridge") and ending with a transfigured vision of the bridge as the unifying symbol of America ("Atlantis"). Crane briefly lived in an apartment overlooking the bridge that, he later learned, once housed Washington Roebling. American playwright Mark Violi penned the drama Roebling: The Story of the Brooklyn Bridge. This stage play focuses on the dramatic events of the Roebling family as they endeavor to build the Brooklyn Bridge. Tagline for the play reads: "A drama about the men who built the Brooklyn Bridge–and the woman who finished it."
The Brooklyn Bridge with Manhattan in the background.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brooklyn Bridge.
Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. NY-18, "Brooklyn Bridge"
"Brooklyn Bridge collected news and commentary". The New York Times.
A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders. The first modern examples of type of bridge were built in the early 19th century. Simple suspension bridges, which lack vertical suspenders, have a history in many mountainous parts of the world. This type of bridge has cables suspended between towers, plus vertical suspender cables carry the weight of the deck below, upon which traffic crosses. This arrangement allows the deck to be level or to arc upward for additional clearance, like other suspension bridge types, this type often is constructed without falsework. The suspension cables must be anchored at each end of the bridge, the main cables continue beyond the pillars to deck-level supports, and further continue to connections with anchors in the ground. The roadway is supported by vertical suspender cables or rods, called hangers, in the latter case there will be very little arc in the outboard main cables. The earliest suspension bridges were ropes slung across a chasm, with a deck possibly at the level or hung below the ropes such that the rope had a catenary shape.
The Tibetan saint and bridge-builder Thangtong Gyalpo originated the use of chains in his version of simple suspension bridges. In 1433, Gyalpo built eight bridges in eastern Bhutan, the last surviving chain-linked bridge of Gyalpos was the Thangtong Gyalpo Bridge in Duksum en route to Trashi Yangtse, which was finally washed away in 2004. Gyalpos iron chain bridges did not include a deck bridge which is the standard on all modern suspension bridges today. Instead, both the railing and the layer of Gyalpos bridges used wires. The stress points that carried the screed were reinforced by the iron chains, before the use of iron chains it is thought that Gyalpo used ropes from twisted willows or yak skins. He may have used tightly bound cloth, the first American iron chain suspension bridge was the Jacobs Creek Bridge in Westmoreland County, designed by inventor James Finley. Finleys bridge was the first to all of the necessary components of a modern suspension bridge. Finley patented his design in 1808, and published it in the Philadelphia journal, The Port Folio, in 1810.
Vinalhaven is a town located on the larger of the two Fox Islands in Knox County, United States. Vinalhaven is used to refer to the Island itself, the population was 1,165 at the 2010 census. It is home to a lobster fishery and hosts a summer colony. Archeological remains indicate that the island was first inhabited 3800–5000 years ago by the Red Paint People, europeans visited in the 16th century, and English Capt. Martin Pring named the archipelago Fox Islands in 1603. Others soon followed to establish the fishing and farming community in the Gulf of Maine. The first families of Vinalhaven are considered to be Arey, Carver, Dyer, Greem, Lane, Norton, Pierce, Smith and Vinal. On June 25,1789, Vinalhaven was incorporated as a town, Vinal was not an island resident, merely the agent who petitioned the Maine General Court to incorporate the new township, nonetheless the name stuck. In 1847, the North Fox Island seceded and became a township called North Haven. Fishing, shipbuilding and shipping were important early businesses on Vinalhaven, high quality granite was discovered in 1826, and Vinalhaven became one of Maines largest quarrying centers for the next century.
Today the island is dotted with abandoned old quarries, many of which have filled with groundwater and are popular swimming holes for residents. Granite was shipped for customs houses and post offices in New York, St. Louis, Kansas City, the quarries provided foundation stone for the cathedral. A noted lobster fishing community, Vinalhaven has fishing rights to much of Penobscot Bay, dogfish and herring are abundant in the waters around Vinalhaven. Vinalhaven lobstermen were the first in the nation to unionize and they began to organize in the winter of 2012-13, after frustration with low lobster prices being to paid to them and disagreements with the Maine Lobstermens Associations leadership. Like neighboring North Haven Island, Vinalhaven is well known for its community of wealthy Northeasterners, mostly from Boston, New York. The movie The Islander was filmed on Vinalhaven and some of the locals acted in the movie. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 168.69 square miles.
Covington is a city in Kenton County, Kentucky. It is located at the confluence of the Ohio and Licking rivers, Ohio, lies to its north across the Ohio and Newport, Kentucky, to its east across the Licking. Part of the Cincinnati–Northern Kentucky metropolitan area, Covington had a population of 40,640 at the time of the 2010 U. S. census and it is one of its countys two seats, along with Independence. The city was incorporated by the Kentucky General Assembly a year later. Stewart Iron Works was established in 1862 and became the largest iron fence maker in the world, Covington experienced growth during most of the 19th century, only to decline during the Great Depression and the middle 20th century. The city has seen some redevelopment during the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Covington was awarded a team in the new outlaw circuit, the Federal League. The city raised $13,500, with $6,000 budgeted to build the ballpark, bernard Wisehall, a prominent local architect, designed Federal Park with a capacity to 6,000.
The playing field was tiny, believed to be smallest for any pro baseball park ever built, by June, Covington was seeing only a few hundred fans per contest. On June 26, the moved to Kansas City and ownership of the team reverted to creditors. Federal Park was used for other events the next few years, Covington has not hosted a professional team in any sport since. Covington claims 19 distinct neighborhoods, ranging in population from several hundred to 10,000 people, many of the neighborhoods are located in 12 historic districts that are predominantly found in the northern portion of the city. According to the United States Census Bureau, Covington has an area of 13.7 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 43,370 people,18,257 households, the population density was 3,301.3 people per square mile. There were 20,448 housing units at a density of 1,556.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 87. 05% White,10. 14% African American,0. 24% Native American,0. 34% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 63% from other races, and 1. 57% from two or more races.
John Augustus Roebling was a German-born American civil engineer. He designed and built wire rope suspension bridges, in particular the Brooklyn Bridge, which has designated as a National Historic Landmark. At first John attended the gymnasium in Mühlhausen, recognizing his intelligence at a young age, Roeblings mother, Friederike Dorothea Roebling arranged for him to be tutored in mathematics and science at Erfurt by Ephraim Salomon Unger. He went to Erfurt when he was 15, in 1824 he passed his Surveyors examination and returned home for a year. Roebling attended lectures of the philosopher Hegel, Roebling developed an interest in natural philosophy and many years he worked on a 1000-page treatise about his own concepts of the universe. In 1825 Roebling got a government job at Arnsberg, during this period he made sketches for suspension bridges. In 1829 he returned to his home to work out his final thesis, for unknown reasons, he never took the examination. On May 22,1831, Roebling left Prussia with his brother Carl and Johann Adolphus Etzler, economic mobility and career advancement were difficult for engineers in Prussian society.
The Napoleonic Wars, which lasted until 1815, had suppressed investment in infrastructure and this period in European history left Prussia with political unrest, as authoritarian governments took the places of democratic ones. Etzler had ideas about creating a utopia in the United States, but disputes arose en route and Carl purchased 1582 acres of land on October 28,1831, in Butler County, Pennsylvania with the intent to establish a German settlement, called Saxonburg. Most of the settlers remained with Etzler. The John Roebling House at Saxonburg was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, John Roebling and his brother arrived in the United States at an interesting time. The nation was in the stages of an economic boom. Farmers were deeply affected by it, a dominant mode of thought in America would be called manifest destiny by the 1840s. Transportation between eastern industrial hubs and frontier farming markets had become a matter of national and popular interest. Many transportation projects were underway near the location Roebling chose for his colony, after five years he married Johanna Herting, a tailors daughter.
Granite is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture. Granites can be white, pink, or gray in color. The word granite comes from the Latin granum, a grain, in reference to the structure of such a holocrystalline rock. By definition, granite is a rock with at least 20% quartz. The term granitic means granite-like and is applied to granite and a group of igneous rocks with similar textures and slight variations in composition. Occasionally some individual crystals are larger than the groundmass, in case the texture is known as porphyritic. A granitic rock with a texture is known as a granite porphyry. Granitoid is a general, descriptive field term for lighter-colored, coarse-grained igneous rocks, petrographic examination is required for identification of specific types of granitoids. The extrusive igneous rock equivalent of granite is rhyolite, Granite is nearly always massive and tough, and therefore it has gained widespread use throughout human history, and more recently as a construction stone.
The average density of granite is between 2.65 and 2.75 g/cm3, its compressive strength usually lies above 200 MPa, and its viscosity near STP is 3–6 •1019 Pa·s. The melting temperature of dry granite at ambient pressure is 1215–1260 °C, it is reduced in the presence of water. Granite has poor primary permeability, but strong secondary permeability, true granite according to modern petrologic convention contains both plagioclase and alkali feldspars. When a granitoid is devoid or nearly devoid of plagioclase, the rock is referred to as alkali feldspar granite, when a granitoid contains less than 10% orthoclase, it is called tonalite and amphibole are common in tonalite. A granite containing both muscovite and biotite micas is called a binary or two-mica granite, two-mica granites are typically high in potassium and low in plagioclase, and are usually S-type granites or A-type granites. A worldwide average of the composition of granite, by weight percent, based on 2485 analyses. Much of it was intruded during the Precambrian age, it is the most abundant basement rock that underlies the relatively thin veneer of the continents.
In physics and geometry, a catenary is the curve that an idealized hanging chain or cable assumes under its own weight when supported only at its ends. The curve has a U-like shape, superficially similar in appearance to a parabola, the curve appears in the design of certain types of arches and as a cross section of the catenoid—the shape assumed by a soap film bounded by two parallel circular rings. The catenary is called the alysoid, chainette, or, particularly in the materials sciences, the catenary curve is the graph of the hyperbolic cosine function. The surface of revolution of the curve, the catenoid, is a minimal surface. The mathematical properties of the curve were first studied by Robert Hooke in the 1670s. Catenaries and related curves are used in architecture and engineering, in the design of bridges and arches, in the offshore oil and gas industry, catenary refers to a steel catenary riser, a pipeline suspended between a production platform and the seabed that adopts an approximate catenary shape.
The word catenary is derived from the Latin word catēna, which means chain and it appears to be a very scientifical work. I have not yet had time to engage in it, but I find that the conclusions of his demonstrations are and it is often said that Galileo thought the curve of a hanging chain was parabolic. That the curve followed by a chain is not a parabola was proven by Joachim Jungius, some much older arches approximate catenaries, an example of which is the Arch of Taq-i Kisra in Ctesiphon. David Gregory wrote a treatise on the catenary in 1697 in which he provided an incorrect derivation of the differential equation. Euler proved in 1744 that the catenary is the curve which, nicolas Fuss gave equations describing the equilibrium of a chain under any force in 1796. Catenary arches are used in the construction of kilns. To create the desired curve, the shape of a chain of the desired dimensions is transferred to a form which is used as a guide for the placement of bricks or other building material.
Cincinnati is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio that serves as county seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located on the side of the confluence of the Licking with the Ohio River. With a population of 298,550, Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and its metropolitan statistical area is the 28th-largest in the United States and the largest centered in Ohio. The city is part of the larger Cincinnati–Middletown–Wilmington combined statistical area. In the 19th century, Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the heart of the country, it rivaled the larger cities in size. Throughout much of the 19th century, it was listed among the top 10 U. S and it was by far the largest city in the west. By the end of the 19th century, with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping, trade patterns had altered and Cincinnatis growth slowed considerably. Cincinnati is home to two sports teams, the Cincinnati Reds, the oldest franchise in Major League Baseball. The University of Cincinnati, founded in 1819, is one of the 50 largest in the United States, Cincinnati is known for its historic architecture.
In the late 1800s, Cincinnati was commonly referred to as Paris of America, due mainly to such ambitious projects as the Music Hall, Cincinnatian Hotel. The original surveyor, John Filson, named it Losantiville, in 1790, Arthur St. Ethnic Germans were among the early settlers, migrating from Pennsylvania and the backcountry of Virginia and Tennessee. General David Ziegler succeeded General St. Clair in command at Fort Washington, after the conclusion of the Northwest Indian Wars and removal of Native Americans to the west, he was elected as the mayor of Cincinnati in 1802. Cincinnati was incorporated as a city in 1819, exporting pork products and hay, it became a center of pork processing in the region. From 1810 to 1830 its population tripled, from 9,642 to 24,831. Completion of the Miami and Erie Canal in 1827 to Middletown, Ohio further stimulated businesses, the city had a labor shortage until large waves of immigration by Irish and Germans in the late 1840s. The city grew rapidly over the two decades, reaching 115,000 persons by 1850.
C-SPAN, an acronym for Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network, is an American cable and satellite television network that was created in 1979 by the cable television industry as a public service. C-SPAN televises many proceedings of the United States federal government, as well as public affairs programming. Its coverage of political and policy events is unedited, thereby providing viewers with unfiltered information about politics, non-political coverage includes historical programming, programs dedicated to non-fiction books, and interview programs with noteworthy individuals associated with public policy. The network operates independently, and neither the cable industry nor Congress has control of the content of its programming and other public affairs event and policy discussions. Lamb shared his idea with several executives, who helped him launch the network. Among them were Bob Rosencrans who provided $25,000 of initial funding in 1979 and John D. Evans who provided the wiring and access to the headend needed for the distribution of the C-SPAN signal.
C-SPAN was launched on March 19,1979, in time for the first televised session made available by the House of Representatives, upon its debut, only 3.5 million homes were wired for C-SPAN, and the network had just three employees. The second C-SPAN channel, C-SPAN2, followed on June 2,1986 when the U. S. Senate permitted itself to be televised, C-SPAN Radio began operations on October 9,1997, covering similar events as the television networks and often simulcasting their programming. The station broadcasts on WCSP in Washington, D. C. is available on XM Satellite Radio channel 120 and is streamed live at c-span. org and it was formerly available on Sirius Satellite Radio from 2002 to 2006. Lamb semi-retired in March 2012, coinciding with the channels 33rd anniversary, on January 12,2017, the online feed for C-SPAN1 was interrupted and replaced by a feed from the Russian television network RT for approximately 10 minutes. C-SPAN announced that they were troubleshooting the incident and were operating under the assumption that it was an internal routing issue, C-SPAN celebrated its 10th anniversary in 1989 with a three-hour retrospective, featuring Lamb recalling the development of the network.
Five years later, the series American Presidents, Life Portraits, in 2004, C-SPAN celebrated its 25th anniversary, by which time the flagship network was viewed in 86 million homes, C-SPAN2 was in 70 million homes and C-SPAN3 was in eight million homes. Also included in the 25th anniversary was an essay contest for viewers to write in about how C-SPAN has influenced their life regarding community service. For example, one essay contest winner wrote about how C-SPANs non-fiction book programming serves as a resource in his mission to record non-fiction audio books for people who are blind. The network had an essay contest, the winner of which was invited to host an hour of the broadcast from C-SPANs Capitol Hill studios. C-SPAN continues to expand its coverage of government proceedings, with a history of requests to government officials for greater access, in December 2009, Lamb wrote to leaders in the House and Senate, requesting that negotiations for health care reform be televised by C-SPAN.
Annual average daily traffic, abbreviated AADT, is a measure used primarily in transportation planning and transportation engineering. Traditionally, it is the volume of vehicle traffic of a highway or road for a year divided by 365 days. AADT is a useful and simple measurement of how busy the road is, newer advances from traffic data providers are now providing AADT by side of the road, by day of week and by time of day. One of the most important uses of AADT is for determining funding for the maintenance, in the United States the amount of federal funding a state will receive is related to the total traffic measured across its Highway network. Each year on June 15, every state in the United States submits a Highway Performance Monitoring System HPMS report, the HPMS report contains various information regarding the road segments in the state based on a sample of the road segments. In the report, the AADT is converted to Vehicle Miles Traveled, VMT is the AADT multiplied by the length of the road segment.
To determine the amount of traffic a state has, the AADT cannot be summed for all road segments since an AADT is a rate, the VMT is summed and is used as an indicator of the amount of traffic a state has. For federal-funding, formulas are applied to include the VMT and other highway statistics, to measure AADT on individual road segments, traffic data is collected either by an automated traffic counter or hiring an observer to record traffic. There are two different techniques of measuring the AADTs for road segments, one technique is called continuous count data collection method. This is where sensors are embedded into a road and traffic data is measured all 365 days. The AADT would be the sum of the traffic for the entire year divided by 365 days. There is a problem calculating the AADT with this method. The continuous count equipment is not operating for the full 365 days due to being shut down for maintenance or repair, because of this, seasonal or day-of-week biases might skew the calculated AADT.
A ferry is a merchant vessel used to carry passengers, and sometimes vehicles and cargo as well, across a body of water. Most ferries operate regular return services, a passenger ferry with many stops, such as in Venice, Italy, is sometimes called a water bus or water taxi. Ferries form a part of the transport systems of many waterside cities and islands. However, ship connections of much larger distances may be called ferry services, the profession of the ferryman is embodied in Greek mythology in Charon, the boatman who transported souls across the River Styx to the Underworld. Speculation that a pair of oxen propelled a ship having a wheel can be found in 4th century Roman literature Anonymus De Rebus Bellicis. Though impractical, there is no reason why it could not work and such a ferry, see When Horses Walked on Water, Horse-Powered Ferries in Nineteenth-Century America. The Marine Services Company of Tanzania offers passenger and cargo services in three of the African Great Lakes viz, Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika and Lake Nyasa.
It operates one of the oldest ferries in the region, Ferries from Great Britain sail to Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway and Ireland. Some ferries carry mainly tourist traffic, but most carry freight, in Britain, car-carrying ferries are sometimes referred to as RORO for the ease by which vehicles can board and leave. The busiest single ferry route is across the part of Øresund. Before the Øresund bridge was opened in July 2000, car and car & train ferries departed up to seven times every hour, in 2013, this has been reduced, but a car ferry still departs from each harbor every 15 minutes during daytime. The route is around 2.2 nautical miles and the crossing takes 22 minutes, all ferries on this route are constructed so that they do not need to turn around in the harbors. This means that the ferries lack natural stems and sterns, due to the same circumstances and port-side are dynamic and depending of in what direction the ferry sails. Despite the short crossing, the ferries are equipped with restaurants, kiosks, large cruiseferries sail in the Baltic Sea between Finland, Åland, Estonia and Saint Petersburg and from Italy to Sardinia, Corsica and Greece.
Liverpool Overhead Railway, May 1951.
NS 93 train on an elevated portion of the line 5 of the Santiago Metro.
Tatra T3 The highest-selling type of tram worldwide.
The double-decked George Washington Bridge, connecting New York City to Bergen County, New Jersey, USA, is the world's busiest suspension bridge, carrying 102 million vehicles annually.
The Manhattan Bridge, connecting Manhattan and Brooklyn in New York City, opened in 1909 and is considered to be the forerunner of modern suspension bridges; its design served as the model for many of the long-span suspension bridges around the world.
A suspension bridge can be made out of simple materials such as wood and common wire rope.
The Twinkle-Kisogawa is an extradosed design, with long gaps between the cable supported sections.
Monolithic columns quarried for the Cathedral of St. John the Divine (installation completed in 1904).
Madonna of the Streets by Roberto Ferruzzi, c.1897.
The Staten Island Ferry in the United States shuttles commuters between Manhattan and Staten Island in New York City.
MV Victoria (formerly RMS Victoria) at Bukoba Port in Lake Victoria, Africa.
A deep foundation installation for a bridge in Napa, California, United States.
Pile driving operations in the Port of Tampa, Florida, United States.
A chain hanging from points forms a catenary.
Freely-hanging electric power cables (for example, those used on electrified railways) can also form a catenary.
The silk on a spider's web forming multiple elastic catenaries.
Lithograph of Rosendale cement production site in Ulster Count, NY.
Seal of the New York and Rosendale Cement Company.
Sen. Robert Byrd (right), C-SPAN's founder Brian Lamb (left) and Paul FitzPatrick flip the switch for C-SPAN2 on June 2, 1986. FitzPatrick was C-SPAN president at the time.
The deck of the Allanburg Bridge on Canada's Welland Canal typically rests only a few metres above the water level. When a ship approaches, the deck is raised to provide sufficient air draft (or draught) for the vessel to pass through. This bridge was involved in a collision with a lake freighter in 2001 as a result of lowering the span before the ship fully cleared the bridge.
Highway 401 in Ontario, Canada, has an AADT of over 400,000 in some sections of Toronto.