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The Scottish Industrial Revolution, or The Scottish First Industrial Miracle 1700–1800
by George Tait Edwards
Wed 16th Dec 2015
Most accounts of the origins of the industrial revolution are Anglo-centric, focused upon how the industrial revolution in England began from about 1750. Yet the industrial revolution in Scotland was where it all began, and there are vital lessons to be learned by studying how this new thing under the sun appeared, how it originated, how it was funded, and how it was transferred to England. Such an investigation does not simply reveal how this new thing worked, but it also has the power to explain how and why Britain declined.
The influence of John Knox on Scottish culture was one of the major factors underlying 18th century developments in Scotland. The transition to a Calvinist Protestant and Presbyterian religion brought with it a strong cultural foundation for the individual independence of mind. The industrial revolution which began in Scotland also had the great advantage of a high level of literacy (and, what is less frequently observed, numeracy) brought about by Knox's insistence that Scottish church halls should be used to provide for the teaching of reading. Put simply, a high proportion of the male Scots could read and write and count in an age while most of the English and the Europeans could not. That better education conferred then a tremendous advantage in life and work as it still does today. As Joe Grice, the Chief Economic Advisor to the Office of National Statistics has observed.
""In terms of the proportion of the population going into higher and tertiary education, Scotland actually has just about the highest in the world," ONS chief economic adviser Joe Grice told ITV News."Scotland also does very well in terms of people in the working-age population (16–64) that have got a qualification at NVQ4 or above."
The numbers in the report Grice was presenting showed that:
"Scotland is the best educated country in Europe, according to a report released by the Office for National Statistics.It says that nearly 45 per cent of people in Scotland aged between 25 and 64 have had some kind of tertiary education — including university degrees and further education — ahead of Ireland, Luxembourg and Finland, which were the only other countries to get more than 40 per cent."
"The UK as a whole was in fifth place on just under 40 per cent, followed by Cyprus, Estonia and Sweden. Just over 30 per cent of French had a tertiary qualification, while Germany's figure was less than 30 per cent."
The Scottish Government has continued the centuries-long tradition of free higher education in Scotland (with Alex Salmond saying it is his proudest achievement) while successive UK Parliaments have now notched up the cost of an English, Welsh or Irish university education to £9,000 a year. Many of the able poor are no longer going to university in the rest of the UK (rUK). That is currently one of the most significant differences between the nations currently in the union.
The circumstances for the foundation of the industrial revolution and its new ways of life in mid-18th century Scotland were propitious — the fresh circumstances created by the 1707 Union of Parliaments created great opportunities for trade and industry presented by the Empire in North America and elsewhere, and the Scots were up for these. The Scottish Enlightenment was the leading edge associated with an intensely practical series of intellectual, commercial and industrial developments which were the foundation of the industrial revolution.
Adam Smith's key work on the Wealth of Nations founded the proper study of economics, Hutton's work on geology founded that discipline, Hume advanced some Greek thinking which had apparently lain without significant development for over two thousand years, and perhaps above all James Clerk Maxwell set out the fundamental electromagnetic equations which explain how electrical power generation and equipment works. In parallel with these developments was the re-invention of the more efficient steam engine by James Watt, the carrying of that invention to the cotton mills of Lancashire by a dozen of Watt's disciples (eleven Scottish-born, one English), Watt's partnership with the engine-maker Matthew Boulton in Birmingham, Baird's invention of television, the Scottish-born Bell's invention of the telephone and so on.
The Scottish industrial revolution started with the dawn of the 18th century, from about 1710. That was when the Glasgow Tobacco Lords began to make vast fortunes by trading with the tobacco farmers in the new world. It is probably safer to set the initial date as about 1700, because the seeds of success in the tobacco trade were literally planted in Virginia and elsewhere in the North American Colonies at about then.
The financial-industrial system in Scotland during the first hundred and thirty years was the essential keystone of the industrial revolution. The Bank of Scotland was founded on 17 July 1695 with the stated purpose of assisting Scottish economic development as opposed to the Bank of England's remit of funding the war expenditures of the British Government.
The industrial revolution was born and flourished in a supportive financial-industrial system of local banks supporting local enterprise. These banks arose after 1747 because the Bank of Scotland refused to rediscount commercial bills despite its stated purpose to support Scottish industry.
All industrial revolutions need a source of funding. That funding source in Scotland was the fortunes made by the Tobacco Lords who were among the richest men in the world at that time. This happened, as Wikipedia reports (see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_Lords) because of three major factors: first, the 1707 Treaty of Union gave Scottish traders access to the American colonies, second, Glasgow had an advantage in receiving tobacco imports because the sailing ships driven by of the trade winds could reach Glasgow two to three weeks earlier than other British ports, and third, the French Government gave Scottish traders a monopoly in the importation of tobacco. Glasgow also had larger American built ships that could only, at that time, unload in the larger docks then existing on the River Clyde in Glasgow.
The Scottish Tobacco Lords had organised contacts in Britain, the American colonies and in Europe which fully supported the tobacco trade but these Lords also made large loans to the American tobacco farmers and then insisted these farmers could only sell to these Lords at low prices unless they could cancel their debts (which they generally could not afford to do). One of these tobacco farmers was George Washington and it may be that one of the driving forces behind the War of Independence was the wish to repudiate Scottish loans. The reign of the Tobacco Lords lasted for sixty years — from 1707 to 1767 — and the vast fortunes possessed by the Tobacco Lords enabled the foundation of the local provincial banking system in Scotland.
The first three local banks supporting local industry were the briefly-flourishing Bank of Aberdeen (1747–53) established to support the local hosiery industry, and the two Glasgow-based banks of the Ship Bank and the Arms Bank (both established in 1750) — their names give a clue to their main industrial-supporting activities. In the 1760s a further ten local Scottish banks were established, two more in Glasgow — the Thistle Bank (1761) and the David Watson private bank (c1763) — followed by the Dundee Banking Company (1763), Macadam and Co in Ayr(1763), the Perth United Banking Company (1766) with 87 partners, the Johnson, Lawson &Co Bank in Dumfries, the Aberdeen Banking Company in 1767 (with 109 partners, or 105 more than its local and failed predecessor the Bank of Aberdeen), the General Bank of Perth (1767–1772), the Glasgow Merchant Banking Company and the Douglas, Heron and Company Bank (1669–72) in Ayr. By 1770 there were five supportive banks in Glasgow, and seven others covering much of the country — in Aberdeen, Ayr (which had two banks), Dumfries, Dundee, and Perth (which had two banks). (See page 16 of the best book on this subject, Charles W Munn's "The Scottish Provincial Banking Companies", John Donald Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh, 1981).
The Scottish provincial banking system grew until it was comprised of 25 banks with 35 local branches as well as eighteen banking companies with no branches, serving 78 locations. The banking network provided savings-collecting services and the funding of commerce and industry all over Scotland. For example, the Aberdeen Banking Company had six branches in 1793 in Forres, Huntly, Inverness, Banff, Keith and Elgin, and by 1810 Peterhead had replaced Inverness as a branch, and by 1825 Fraserburgh had replaced Forres. (See Tables 34 and 35 of Charles W Munn's above-quoted book, ibid.) Charles Munn meticulously records all that. By comparison, there were about 800 local "country" banks in the UK (including Scotland) in the UK by 1800.
The funding of the Scottish industrial revolution was largely provided by the Tobacco Lords and tobacco trading while the funding of the English industrial revolution also depended on trading and a large part of that was the triangular trade of goods to Africa, slaves to the Americas and cotton and other products to the factories in Lancashire and the Midlands.
Part Three of Munn's book is about "Financing the [Scottish] Economy" and he analyses this in Part 3, chapters 11 to 15 in the categories of Business Finance, The Finance of Agriculture and Fishing, the Finance of Trade and Transport, the Finance of Industry, and the Finance of Local Government and Public Utilities. The Scottish Provincial Banks, starting out as bill-discounting banks, extended their function to the provision of loans to all sectors of the economy. Scotland flourished and its economy exploded into manufacturing growth because of a helpful system of local banks which provided local loans to local industry.
Glasgow became the second city of the empire because close connections were formed from 1710 and maintained until about 1780 between Scottish industry and the tobacco plantations in Virginia. The Tobacco Lords of Glasgow, with their dark coats and gold-tipped canes, transformed the suburb of Kelvingrove into a wealthier suburb than any other at that time.
Arthur Hermann in his book about "How the Scots Invented the Modern World" (Three Rives Press, New York, 2001) has provided the most extensive and vivid description about how the Scottish Enlightenment and the multitude of inventions by Scots have provided modern nations with all the foundations of a modern economy. His case is complex and undeniable. Of course many other countries have contributed to the economic development of the world, but the inventiveness and intelligence of the Scots has been outstanding and out of all proportion to their numbers.
The four great inventions which had travelled on the Silk Road from China to Europe are often said to be the inventions of paper-making, printing, gunpowder and the compass. But the Chinese never came close to inventing the steam engine. Newcomen in 1712 in Dudley in the Midlands constructed a steam engine that was effective in removing water from coal mines. On 21 February 1804 the world's first locomotive-hauled railway journey took place at Penydarren Ironworks, in Merthyr Tydfil, as Richard Trevithick's steam locomotive hauled a train along a tramway.
James Watt in the 1760s doubled the efficiency of the steam engine and demonstrated how a piston could produce rotary power. Watt's inventions ultimately increased the effectiveness of steam engines sixfold and his inventions provided the power which drove the industrial revolution. The engines in all the motor cars in the world are recognisably steam engines and although these are currently driven by petrol or diesel they are likely to be converted back to steam engines as green energy comes into general use.
The major lessons of the Scottish first industrial miracle are still very relevant today. These are, for the proper conversion of SME invention to factory floor innovation:
1- There needs to be a network of local banks committed to the success of local industry
2- These banks must be generously funded to enable long term loans to be made to SMEs and other enterprises including local authorities and public enterprises
3- These banks must have a recognised public function and should not be taken over and centralised on a national capital because a national bank cannot have either the local knowledge or the inclination continually to assist the prosperity of local industry, and
4- If any town or region lacks appropriate banks committed to local success, these banks should be founded again to enable SME and regional economic development.
These lessons have been implemented in the local Sparkassen Banks in Germany, in the explosive development of the Manchurian Railway Company, in post-war Japan and in South Korea, Taiwan and China. The new thing in these most recent Asian economic miracles was and is that the nation's central bank provided the created investment credit that drove the growth. See ''The Rough Guide to Shimomuran Economics'' at:
https://medium.com/@georgetaitedwards/the-rough-guide-to-shimomuran-economics-e9dca42c6808#.l32q7pgor
Any nation wishing to ensure its innovators are properly funded needs to pay due attention to the lessons of the Scottish industrial miracle which stands as an historical reminder about how to achieve higher growth based upon the natural inventiveness of local businessmen.
© George Tait Edwards 2015
For further information about ''Shimomuran Economics and The Rise of The Tokyo Consensus'' see my book at:
http://www.lulu.com/shop/http://www.lulu.com/shop/george-tait-edwards/shimomuran-economics-and-the-rise-of-the-tokyo-consensus/paperback/product-22379793.html
This article first appeared at Medium.com (https://medium.com/@georgetaitedwards/the-scottish-industrial-revolution-or-the-scottish-first-industrial-miracle-1700-1800-f1677b05093f#.yul8xxb9u)
MORE BY GEORGE TAIT EDWARDS
David Cameron's Partisan Gerrymandering of the British Democracy
The Effect of David Cameron On The BREXIT Referendum
Lucky Bastards of The 20th Century: The Story of The Economic Bomb
How David Cameron's Coalition Government Stole the 2015 General Election
INET Should Rename Itself IPNET Because Preventing New Economic Thinking Is What it Does
A journey into the vice-ridden world of banking
Short Essay on the Egyptian Revolution
Nations Get what their Financial-Industrial Systems Deliver: A Comparative Analysis of Three Different Groups of Financial-Industrial Systems
The Banks, Fragile Giants
Comparison of the Washington, Berlin, and Tokyo Consensus Zones -Which one really works?
scottish local industrial banks tobacco scotland revolution bank banking industry glasgow lords steam provided first company funding trade economic world


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Turks (turkey) vs central asians who's more turkic – page 5 electricity and magnetism notes
18.10.2018 Gas supply
#African Americans#electricity and magnetism
You do realize that Turks in Anatolia are nothing but a mix of Armenians, Iranians and Greeks? 25% of your population is Iranic due to native kurdish population, Armenians have inhabited Anatolia for a long time (longer than Turkic languages have existed) and western turkey was inhabited by Greeks. Turks are just another branch of West Asians/middle easterns speaking an altaic language which is clearly related to other East Asian languages like Japanese and Korean. The turks who look Europid are simply decendants of ancient Greeks and modern balkanoid slaves which the Ottomans mass imported into mainland Anatolia. Stop feeding yourself lies. African Americans living in the US aren't Anglo saxons just because they speak English. They are ethnically Africans. Turks are related to the people around them, Armenians, Iranians and southern Greeks. Haplogroups like R1b, J2 and G are all heavily concentrated in these 3 countries. Phenotype wise, they all overlap with one another.Haplogroups have nothing to do with autosomal admixture. For example, due to Spaniards taking Amerindian wives, tons of Mexicans, if not most, are R1b, the Spanish clades. But Spaniards have nothing to do with Mexicans autosomally, it's two different worlds. So it's the same with R1b, J2, and G.
Haplogroups have nothing to do with autosomal admixture. For example, due to Spaniards taking Amerindian wives, tons of Mexicans, if not most, are R1b, the Spanish clades. But Spaniards have nothing to do with Mexicans autosomally, it's two different worlds. So it's the same with R1b, J2, and G.
Anyway, this thread is not about this kind of conversation, so let's not ruin it.Well this discussion ties in very well with this topic. The whole point is that the textbook turk is described as an east Asian (southern Siberian with Mongoloid features). Kazakhs, Uzbeks and western mongols all share direct ancestry with proto turks whom originated in East Asia.
Look very closely at the graph you posted, Istanbul average is very close to other balkanoids, these are the remaining ancient Greeks and European slaves which the Ottomans clearly imported from eastern Europe and the Balkans. There is no doubt that the ottomans took Europeans and enslaved them in mainland Anatolia. It is a fact which everyone has admitted to, including turks themselves. How could one claim that turks from Istanbul are more Turkic than Kazakhs? They are Europeans decendants of European slaves speaking an east Asian language for gods sake.
Anatolians themselves are native to West Asia and share similarities with the people around them like the Kurds, Persians, Armenians and southern Greeks whom inhabited the western coast of turkey 2500 years ago! This is before proto turks had even migrated into central Asia. Turkey has been a massive melting pot of surrounding tribes and ethnicities for thousands of years. There is absolutely nothing turkic about turkey. Turks by definition are east Asian mongoloids (slanted eyed Siberian tribes).
Turkish is part of the altaic language family, linguistics have made deep connections between altaic languages and other East Asian languages like Korean and Japanese. How does anything Turkic have to do with west asia, and especially Europe?
You do realize that Turks in Anatolia are nothing but a mix of Armenians, Iranians and Greeks? 25% of your population is Iranic due to native kurdish population, Armenians have inhabited Anatolia for a long time (longer than Turkic languages have existed) and western turkey was inhabited by Greeks. Turks are just another branch of West Asians/middle easterns speaking an altaic language which is clearly related to other East Asian languages like Japanese and Korean. The turks who look Europid are simply decendants of ancient Greeks and modern balkanoid slaves which the Ottomans mass imported into mainland Anatolia. Stop feeding yourself lies. African Americans living in the US aren't Anglo saxons just because they speak English. They are ethnically Africans. Turks are related to the people around them, Armenians, Iranians and southern Greeks. Haplogroups like R1b, J2 and G are all heavily concentrated in these 3 countries. Phenotype wise, they all overlap with one another.It's worth noting African Americans score on average anywhere between 5-15% NW European,most of which is British. I believe Turks have a similar proportion of Turkic ancestry.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Plant and animal life
Demographic trends
The early Uzbeks
Russian and Soviet rule
Uzbeks make up some four-fifths of the population, followed by Tajiks, Kazakhs, Tatars, Russians, and Karakalpaks. Uzbeks are the least Russified of the Turkic peoples formerly under Soviet rule, and virtually all of them still claim Uzbek as their primary language.
Uzbekistan: Ethnic composition Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Kalyan Mosque in Bukhara, Uzbekistan. © Robsen/Fotolia
The Uzbeks speak a language belonging to the southeastern, or Chagatai (Turki), branch of the Turkic language group. Karakalpak, a distantly related Turkic language, enjoys official status alongside Uzbek in Karakalpakstan, where it is spoken by about half a million people. About one-seventh of the population of Uzbekistan speaks Russian.
The Uzbeks are Sunni Muslims, and they are considered to be among the most devout Muslims in all of Central Asia. Thus, about three-fourths of the population is Muslim. Slightly less than one-tenth of the population is Eastern Orthodox Christian, and the remainder of the people consider themselves nonreligious or follow other religions.
Uzbekistan: Religious affiliation Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Most of the population lives in the eastern half of the country. Heavily populated oases and foothill basins are covered with an extensive network of canals intersecting fields, orchards, and vineyards. The fertile Fergana Valley in the extreme east, the most populous area in Central Asia, supports both old and new cities and towns and traditional rural settlements. Much of Karkalpakstan, in the west, is under threat of depopulation caused by the environmental poisoning of the Aral Sea area.
The majority of Uzbeks live in rural areas. More than one-third of the population of Uzbekistan lives in urban areas; the urban population has a disproportionately high number of non-Uzbeks. Slavic peoples—Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians—held a large proportion of administrative positions. In the late 1980s and early '90s, many Russians and smaller numbers of Jews emigrated from Uzbekistan and other Central Asian states, changing the ethnic balance and employment patterns in the region.
Uzbekistan: Urban-rural Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
The cities of Samarkand, Bukhara, and Tashkent have histories that extend back to ancient times. Andijon (Andizhan), Khiva, and Qŭqon (Kokand) also have served the region as cultural, political, and trade centres for centuries. Soviet-era architects purposely laid out some newer towns, including Chirchiq, Angren, Bekobod, and Nawoiy (Navoi), close to rich mineral and energy resources. Soviet planners also sited Yangiyul, Guliston, and Yangiyer in areas that produce and process cotton and fruit.
Good public housing continued to be in short supply well into the late 20th century, despite large outlays by the government in this sector. As late as the 1990s, private ownership of urban housing had not become common in Uzbekistan, though suburban plots around Tashkent and other cities became available in large numbers for citizens able to erect their own houses—usually simple, low structures, like those in the past, built around courtyards planted with fruit trees and gardens open to the skies but closed off from the streets.
Uzbekistan's population remains youthful in comparison with those of the western parts of the former Soviet Union, though the population aged slightly and steadily over the decades following its independence. Nearly half the population is in the age range of 25–54. This age structure results from the high birth rate after independence: of all the former Soviet republics, Uzbekistan had the greatest number of mothers with 10 or more living children under the age of 20. The birth rate has since decreased.
Uzbekistan: Age breakdown Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Official Site of the Embassy of Uzbekistan to the United States
Official Site of Embassy of Uzbekistan to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
Uzbekistan - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)


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He was Once Considered To Play BATMAN, Now He May Become GREEN LANTERN
The Green Lantern movie starring Ryan Reynolds was undoubtedly an unmitigated disaster both in terms of entertainment value and box-office collections. It was a dud of massive proportions which almost ended the consideration to ever think of doing a Green Lantern movie in the future.
Although, Ryan Reynolds wanted Green Lantern to succeed at the box-office and he did everything he could to make it work. There are numerous plotlines and stories that have potential to be adapted for the big screen, but till now DC hasn't envisioned to resurrect the superhero and craft an intriguing & entertaining Green Lantern movie.
Recently, DC has proposed Green Corps movie to be part of the DCEU. It's been termed as a Lethal weapon in space. The movie will follow the life of two iconic Green Lanterns – Hal Jordan and John Stewart. There will be elements of Green Lantern origins, his struggles and may even introduce a great DC villain Sinestro.
There have been rumblings of possible casting for the Green Lantern corps movie, and the most prominent name is Armie Hammer for the protagonist. He was cast in Lone Ranger opposite Johnny Depp, but the movie floundered on the box-office. He is still a good actor with an amazing body and looks of a superhero, in fact, he was once considered for the role of Batman.
He suffered a shoulder injury recently, so he was asked if he is now ruled out for the coveted role. He said that he is undergoing physical therapy and is okay now. He is still in the running for the role as Warner Bros. haven't hired anyone yet.
We definitely need a Green Lantern film which could explain the mysticism surrounding the character and at the same time make an exciting, adrenaline-filled superhero film.
Anuj Aggarwal
A Voracious reader. An explorer. An Intellectual. A Die hard fan of Leonardo dicaprio and a Game of Thrones fanatic. Love to dabble in different things at the same time – Politics, International Cinema, History, Music, Literature etc. Welcome you all…
By Anuj Aggarwal
5 EPIC Scenes of Game Of Thrones That Didn't Make it to The TV Screens
Game of Thrones – This Fan Theory Claims Night King is a Secret Targaryen
10 Major Character Deaths That GOT Fans Are Desperately Waiting For
Which Character Katherine Langford Might Be Playing in Avengers 4?
The Flash: Ralph Dibny Makes Stunning Revelation About Arrowverse History


Shelley joined MJ Hudson in December 2017.
Shelley has spent over 25 years in the offshore finance industry. In addition to substantial fiduciary experience, Shelley also has extensive experience working for several well know third party fund administrators in Guernsey with particular focus on closed ended Guernsey Collective Investment Schemes.
In my spare time, when not running around after my two children, I like to cook for my family. I also enjoy interior design, collecting Christmas decorations and gardening.


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Arashiro helps bring a taste of Tour de France closer to home
Japanese champion on life at Europcar
Yukiya Arashiro is the local favourite at the Saitama Criterium. (Image credit: Daniel Simms)
Yukiya Arashiro (Europcar) (Image credit: Bettini Photo)
Yukira Arashiro (Europcar) leads the chase (Image credit: Bettini Photo)
Yukiya Arashiro (Europcar) was among the riders who crashed (Image credit: Bettini Photo)
The yellow jersey of Chris Froome may have been the primary attraction at Saturday's Saitama Criterium but Tour de France organiser ASO's foray into the Japanese market is thanks in no small part to the exploits of Europcar's Yukiya Arashiro.
Arashiro gives Japan first top ten finish at the Worlds
Arashiro sprints to win in elite men's Asian road race championships
Arashiro claims overall win in Tour du Limousin
In 2009, Arashiro and fellow countryman Fumiyuku Beppu achieved the historic feat of becoming the first Japanese riders to complete the Tour de France – previous starters Kisso Kawamuro (1926 and 1927) and Polti's Daisuke Imanaka (1996) had both failed to reach Paris – and their accomplishment triggered an upsurge in coverage of the race in Japan.
Arashiro has returned on three further occasions, his presence highlighted by the television crew and steady stream of travelling Japanese support camped outside the Europcar bus after each stage. On Saturday, the pilgrimage was reversed, as luminaries from the Tour peloton descended on Saitama for a season-ending exhibition race.
"Of course, this is just a criterium rather than the Tour itself, but the peloton is something very distant for the Japanese public, so it's a dream to have the big riders come here," the Japanese champion Arashiro told Cyclingnews in Saitama. "Since 2009, I've definitely seen that cycling has become more and more popular here. Everybody knows the name 'Tour de France' in Japan, but they don't necessarily know how it works and what the race really consists of."
That is not to say, of course, that Japan does not have a proud cycling heritage of its own. Like Colombia and Eritrea, Japan is a country with an indigenous cycling culture that has developed and prospered independently of the sport's traditional European base, and until the 1990s, keirin racing and cycling were more or less interchangeable terms in Japan.
"There's still a big gap in popularity between keirin and road racing, but road racing is certainly growing all the time," said Arashiro, whose own path into the sport was atypical in the extreme.
A handball player in his youth, Arashiro was inspired to take up cycling by the exploits of Shinichi Fukushima, a family friend who was then racing as an amateur in France. So it was that Arashiro, at the tender age of 18, arrived in Nogent-sur-Oise having borrowed a bike and kit from Fukushima, and began his fledging career in a most unforgiving environment.
"Until I turned 18, I only did handball, I never raced a bike at all," Arashiro said. "I was inspired by what Shinichi was doing in France, and he told me that if I wanted to race, I was better off coming to France right away to do it, because in Japan, the standard of races wasn't good enough to develop, especially for a late starter."
By his own admission, Arashiro was the greenest of espoirs on the French circuit – "I never even saw the Tour de France on television until I arrived in France, and I didn't know how it worked," he laughed – and his early races were simply a battle for survival. "Initially, I just wanted to make it to the finish of races. Things like echelons and fighting for position were all new discoveries, but I kept improving."
Arashiro moved to the professional ranks with a Japanese team, Cycle Racing Team Vang, but he continued to make an impression on the French circuit. After impressing at the 2008 Tour du Limousin, Arashiro finally made the step up to the highest level when he signed for Jean-René Bernaudeau's Bouygues Telecom (now Europcar) in 2009, and completed his debut Tour that very season.
In his early years with the squad, Arashiro was often deployed as a sprinter, and enjoyed a particular purple patch in late 2010, finishing in the top ten at the Geelong Worlds and 5th at Paris-Tours a week later. Over the past couple of seasons, Arashiro has ridden largely in support of his leaders, but the 29-year-old was happy to accept the brief – all the more so as it has made him something of a fixture in Europcar's Tour line-up.
"We've got some very good sprinters in the team now, especially Bryan Coquard, and beyond that, we have Pierre Rolland too, who puts everything into the Tour de France, and I like being there to help him," Arashiro said. "When I work for him, it means that I don't have the strength for the sprint but that's my job and I'm happy to do it.
"For me, the most important thing every season is to ride the Tour. I finished my fourth one this year, and I want to try and do that again, but the dream would be to win a stage there some day."
Like his fellow countryman Beppu, Arashiro has found a second home in France and lives near La Roche-sur-Yon, not far from his Europcar squad's Vendée base, and his precise command of French is testimony to his easy transition to life in the area.
It was telling, for instance, that regional newspaper Ouest France reported Arashiro's absence from last month's world championships (Japan failed to qualify a rider due to the mysterious vagaries of the UCI points system) with the same indignation that would normally accompany the omission of a local favourite from the French national team.
"It's true that I was educated as a rider in France, but I'm definitely a Japanese rider," Arashiro said. "Japan is Japan and France is France, although I really like it there too, even if the countryside of the Vendée is a bit different to what I was used to in Ishigaki."
Indeed, the rarity of Arashiro's appearances on home roads has only heightened his desire to seize the fleeting opportunities to compete in Japan. The Saitama Criterium is likely to be his only home race in the Japanese champion's jersey that he won last June, and with that in mind, it's hardly surprising that he is keen to extend his career for at least another seven years. "I want to keep going until 2020 at the minimum," he explained. "Riding in the Olympic Games in Tokyo would be something really special."


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Q: How to export an image in google earth engine editor as TF_Record_Image?If I try to download the image, it says to specify the tile dimension How to export an image in google earth engine editor as TF_Record_Image?
var data=ee.ImageCollection("COPERNICUS/S2_SR");
var filter=data.filterDate('2019-01-01','2019-12-31').filter(ee.Filter.lt('CLOUDY_PIXEL_PERCENTAGE',20));

var clip=filter.mean().clip(geometry);
var viz={min:0,max:3000,bands:['B4','B3','B2']};

Map.centerObject(geometry);
Map.addLayer(clip,viz,'Layer1');

Export.image.toDrive({image:clip,description:'Example1',folder:'Examplefolder',scale:30,region:geometry);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Rita Ackermann was born in Budapest, Hungary and now lives and works as an artist from New York, NY. She has exhibited in galleries across the world. All of the images I have used are from her website, here. There is also a nice interview of her, here. In the interview Rita Ackermann says that her art shows her learning experiences and social awareness she got from growing up in the "streets". I love the way that she uses media in unexpected ways. I also like her style of composition and figures.


Hostess Brands could see global expansion of Twinkies, Donnettes et al. and an extremely strong bakery player emerge if a buyout transpires, analysts say.
Pinar Hosafci, food analyst at Euromonitor International, said if rumors of an estimated $2bn Hostess sell-out to Grupo Bimbo, Flowers Foods, Post or Aryzta came true, there could be a competitive shift in the marketplace.
"If the new owner is already present in the baked goods market and has a high presence in cakes and pastries, it will strengthen its existing portfolio which would probably give it better bargaining power with big retailers," Hosafci told BakeryandSnacks.com.
"Cakes, pastries and bread are categories where private label presence is very high, so it's important to have your significant market share among private label pressure," she said.
However, Lamine Lahouasnia, head of packaged food research at Euromonitor International, said overall market impact would be softer than the initial hit in 2012 when Hostess liquidated.
"It will be a slightly smoother transition, just because the number of brands and revenues generated by the private equity-owned company isn't the same as it was prior to its failure. Given that Grupo Bimbo took some, Flowers Foods took some, and others – because it's been disassembled, whatever impact it might have will be at a much lower level," he said.
However, Lahouasnia said there could be some big changes in that there was a high chance Hostess Brands could be taken beyond the US and Canada under new ownership. Hostess Brands recently expanded into the Middle East and Africa via a partnership with Egyptian bakery Edita, but he said there was potential to bring the portfolio into Latin America and Europe - particularly considering the footprint of some rumored suitors.
"If we look at Bimbo, for example, with their huge global footprint, one of the potential things that might come out of this is Hostess could go global and previously it's been restricted to US and Canadian markets," he said.
Hosafci said if that were to happen, it would likely see some form of brand or product change.
"Usually when companies enter a new market, they don't necessarily go with their existing brand; they always tailor the brand – change the packaging, sugar content, or something; not a major change, but a slight twist," she said.
Something the new owner would have to consider, she said, was differing taste palates.
However, Hosafci said whoever wanted to take the brands into new markets would have to heavily invest in marketing.
"You need a time – an investment time – at the beginning to make consumers familiar with the brand and that means a lot of marketing spend," she said.
Lahouasnia said there could be potential to reduce marketing spend slightly by playing on the fact Twinkies was already an iconic brand.
However, he warned it would be counterintuitive to change the brand's identity too much.
"Hostess Brands obviously has its own unique identify, and that's an identity which has been built up over decades. Whoever takes it on should be very conscious of that brand equity and new ownership should be very careful with smothering the business or integrating it into its wider business too soon," he said.


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Breaking up with a partner can be one of life's most painful experiences. If you're having trouble moving forward after a breakup, consider these seven steps.... 13/11/2012 · Sometimes, no matter how many friends, family or pictures of Zayn Malik you have by your side, it can still be hard to move past the heartbreak. That's why we're here for you with some inspirational moving on quotes to help you get through the pain!
Rejection and Heartbreak. Moving on after heart break is tough. I've felt that pain before but never like this. Why was this one of the hardest feelings?
At one point in your life, this must have been one of the most challenging questions you had to answer. When dealing with a heartbreak, one of the most challenging questions is, how to move on? I guess nobpdy has given a definite answer to this.
Severe heartbreak can prevent you from moving forward in your life. Yet, the process is both necessary for healing and to facilitate change in you as a person that you can carry into future relationships.


Home/Blog/Ngruma/Only elephant in the world?
Ok, you may have watched NatGeo for years, the Animal Planet, Discovery, and more than a dozen other programs on television, but you have never, ever seen anything like this!
This cow elephant is normal, along with her calf, but her tusks are not. Is it an act of nature during growth, genetics, or something else? Whatever it is, it makes her very unique.
Unique in all the world?
In discussions on several forums, with staff in the general area, and National Park officials, no one has recalled seeing this jumbo before.
Enjoy the pictures and please provide feedback if you have something to add!!


LightShine has a ministry to help Bible camps and organizations in need in the State of Alaska. They form a skilled labor team and spend a week working very hard. This summer, they will be helping to connect our new septic system with all the water systems that were installed in 2011. LightShine built our first two cabins, polished the logs on the lodge, and built the utility addition on the back of the lodge. They have cut a lot of firewood, and their father-son team blazes hiking trails for our campers.
In the summer of 2010, LightShine sent Dennis and Jane Schlossman to serve for the entire month of July. Jane was our camp cook. Dennis was the camp handyman-medic-cook's helper.
minister at Globe Creek Camp. Their group of adults and teens has donated and installed tile for the lodge kitchen, cut firewood, donated one of our water storage tanks, helped blaze hiking trails, and donated towards our new restrooms and showers.
This extended family from East Texas has found a place to serve an organization each summer for many years. This was their opportunity to try Alaska. They heard of the camp through Steve and Kayla Bouldin. In their energetic week of service, the roofs of the cabins were completed.
Diligent men and women from Freedom in Christ Church in the North Pole.
Hard working men and women from Shelter Bible Church in Fairbanks.
Nick Dynes – bulldozer operator, a lineman who put up our rope swing.
And a very sincere thank you to the many volunteer individuals, families and groups not mentioned here. To all that have worked tirelessly to help make the camp what it is today. May God continue to richly and abundantly bless each one of you.


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The Suited Penguin
University of Bamberg students flagged off to represent Uganda in National Model United Nations Conference 2020
by TRACY TEDDY NAYIGA | PML Daily Staff Writer
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Ms Hannah Rebecca O'Neill, the head of the Otto-Friedrich University of Bamberg students to represent Uganda pose for a photo with Mr. Fred Moses Mukhooli, Counsellor, on behalf of Ambassador Marcel Tibaleka at the Uganda Embassy in Berlin on Monday (PHOTO/Courtesy).
BERLIN – A delegation of 19 students from the Otto-Friedrich University of Bamberg on Monday, December 16, 2019, paid a study trip to the Uganda Embassy in Berlin where they were met by Mr. Fred Moses Mukhooli, Counsellor, on behalf of Ambassador Marcel Tibaleka.
The students who will be representing the Republic of Uganda at the simulation conference National Model United Nations (NMUN) 2020 in New York, were on a 3-day study trip to Berlin as part of their preparation.
Ms Hannah Rebecca O'Neill, Head Delegate, said her delegation was at the Embassy to gain comprehensive insights into the political system, social-cultural circumstances as well as the geopolitical situation of Uganda and the East African Great Lakes region.
"As we strive to represent the country as realistically and authentically as possible, we will undergo comprehensive preparation for our role as diplomats," she said.
A delegation of 19 students from the Otto-Friedrich University of Bamberg at the Uganda Embassy in Berlin on Monday (PHOTO/Courtesy).
She added that since 2003 the Otto-Friedrich University of Bamberg has sent annual delegations of students to the NMUN Conference held in New York. In order to guarantee the success of the delegates, the students go through an intense preparation phase that lasts for an entire semester. In April 2020, the students will represent the Republic of Uganda in six UN Committees.
Mr. Mukhooli in his address to the students, explained to them on what was expected of them as "Uganda's representatives" and gave them a brief on Uganda's foreign policy and diplomatic architecture, and her national interests the delegation should promote and protect in the coming simulation conference in New York. He also gave them insights on Uganda's positions on nuclear disarmament, migration, climate change, security and issues related to sustainable development.
Tags: Otto-Friedrich University of BambergtopUN Committees
Vote counting in Uganda's general elections starts
Ugandans go to polls amid raging COVID-19 pandemic
Regional observers call for free and fair general elections in Uganda
Ethiopia's former foreign minister killed in battle
Uganda blocks social media ahead of presidential, parliamentary elections
Museveni promises free, fair elections
The PML Daily, published via www.pmldaily.com is a publication of Post Media Ltd, a professional Digital/New Media company in Uganda.
© 2020 PMLDAILY.COM


On 2 April 2019, the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) updated its Q&As regarding market structures and transparency issues under MiFID II and MiFIR.
third-country trading venues' access to an EU central counterparty (CCP).
ESMA has deleted the Q&A clarifying how tick sizes should be determined for non-EU instruments due to the publication of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/443.
timing of application for transitional arrangements under Article 54(2) of MiFIR (Q&A 5 of section 6 on Access to CCPs and trading venues).


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Q: VSSconverter Settings for Migration I've been testing a VSS to TFS migration for my job.  The test server that we have tfs installed on has the drives partitioned.  The system stays on C drive and we don't touch that drive.  We have the E drive for our applications.
I wrote the configuration file so the migration would run and it runs fine.  But for some reason it's migrating the data to the C drive.  The C drive only has enough space so the system will run fine.  Here is what my config file looks like:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<SourceControlConverter>
<ConverterSpecificSetting>
 <Source name="VSS">
      <VSSDatabase name="E:\TFS\projectfolder\project"></VSSDatabase>

 </Source>
 <ProjectMap>
      <Project source="$/" Destination="$/Test-Location"></Project>
 </ProjectMap>
</ConverterSpecificSetting>
<Settings>
<TeamFoundationServer name="servername" port="port" protocol="http" collection="tfs/DefaultCollection" />
 <Output file="Migration.xml" />
</Settings>
</SourceControlConverter>

Why is VSSconverter migrating my files to the C drive?  I've researched this for a week or more and cannot find anything that is helping me out.  Do I need to specify the E:\ in the destination?  Could this be caused by how the TFS server was configured?  Any help would be appreciated.

A: I'm not sure which data you are talking about. TFS stores all data in the SQL database unlike VSS that stores the source on the file system. Do you store your TFS database file on C: drive on that box by any chance?


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News Shop Talk Paws With A Cause And The Pet Shed Brighton
Shop Talk: Paws with a Cause and The Pet Shed, Brighton
By Sandra Pearce
A mere three miles separate Paws with a Cause and The Pet Shed in Brighton, yet the owners of the two pet shops have a good relationship and are more than happy to send customers to each other. Sandra Pearce visits to learn more
When Luigi and Fiona Paiano opened Paws with a Cause in Woodingdean in June 2014, Fiona popped round to The Pet Shed in Preston Drove to say hello to its owner, Hannah James. They discovered they spoke the same language on nutrition and the use of natural products, and were passionate about running an ethical business.
Hannah, a vegetarian and self-confessed chocolate addict, had opened The Pet Shed a little earlier, in November 2013, and said: "Their philosophy is the same as mine with regards to the nutrition approach. More and more people are prepared to feed their pet a healthier diet, and moving away from supermarkets."
A relationship blossomed, and in those crucial early days, the retailers would help each other if one of them ran out of something and could not get a delivery in time. Said Fiona: "We'd give a call and swap a product for another. But now that we are both more established, this happens far less frequently."
They still bounce ideas off each other, using each other as a sounding board. She added: "If you are having a bad day, and Hannah says it's the same here, you feel better because you know it's the market and not you! Especially in the first year, when we did not know what were normal patterns."
With both emphasising the natural message, there is obvious cross-over in the products they stock, but each shop also carries brands that the other does not: for example, you'll find the Nutriment and Gentle brands at Paws with a Cause, while The Pet Shed stocks the grain-free Canagan and Canidae ranges. It's not possible to have a huge product offering as both shops have a small footprint – Paws with a Cause comes in at just under 30 sq m (322 sq ft) while The Pet Shed is 34 sq m (366 sq ft). So both focus on specialist products one would not find easily elsewhere, and if a customer asks for a brand they know the other stocks, the customer is pointed in that direction. "I have a stack of Luigi's business cards here," says Hannah, holding up a handful. "I had a customer who wanted a delivery but was closer to Luigi, so I suggested him instead." Both stores, incidentally, offer a free delivery service within a certain radius.
Both actively support charities. Paws with a Cause supports the Raystede Centre for Animal Welfare and Dr Hadwen Trust, a charity which funds research that replaces animal testing, as well as sponsoring the kit of their son's football team. The Pet Shed supports local schools and the local fete, as well as local rescue centres including its RSPCA branch.
The two also have good relationships with their vets – Paws with a Cause is neighbour to its vet, and The Pet Shed has a vet a few doors away. It's a mutually beneficial relationship, says Fiona. Their vet has stopped selling toys, while Paws with a Cause doesn't sell wormers or flea treatments. "The vet has been really supportive of us," she said. "We get people who come in and say their vet has advised them to talk to us about feeding a more natural food or offer bones for teeth. Someone came in just last week and said their vet had sent them to us to ask what food would work for anal glands."
They, in turn, will not suggest a food or product if a pet's condition is acute or chronic, and which has not first been seen by a vet. "We get lots of people coming in who want to bypass the vet, but we always tell them you need to see the vet," she added.
Brighton, a city known for its annual Brighton Pride festival in August, has a strong community spirit. Residents support local independents, say the Paianos and Hannah. Hannah conducted a survey to see where her customers come from, and discovered that 74% either walked or drove past her shop. Most, she says, live within a mile radius of her store. "It's a dense population around here, with a lot of families as it's a sought-after area for schools. It's a middle-class area, affluent, and very supportive of local business."
When a chain store opened near her, her initial fears evaporated as her sales did not really take a hit.
"People would rather come to me because I am local and independent," she said.
This support for the high street coupled with the swing to natural is all good news for the independent pet retailer, says Luigi. "We are a community store, where people can come for a chat. This really is a labour of love," he said. "It's all about relationships."
These close-knit relationships might explain how, within 10 miles, there are seven independent pet shops and three chain-store branches, yet there does not seem to be that friction of competition. "People tend to shop local," he reiterates (though they do have a few customers who come from further afield for their specialist ranges, such as the customer who travels 30 miles from Tunbridge Wells to buy Gentle's cold-pressed food.
This is staunch dog territory. Luigi and Fiona jokingly refer to Woodingdean as Woofingdean, while another of Hannah's surveys revealed that 71% of her sales are dog related; cat came in second at 19%. Dog owners, Hannah says, are very brand loyal whereas new dog owners tend to be more willing to try other brands or new ranges such as grain free. "Dogs are members of your family, interacting with you all the time. Cats are out and about, doing their own thing," she said.
Frozen does well for both. Paws for a Cause has five freezers, The Pet Shed has two, and between them, they sell close to 200kg of raw food each week. "People come to independents for raw, especially when they're just starting out," said Fiona. "They want to be guided through the process."
Fiona and Luigi have strict ethical guidelines in place, and they work hard to ensure that their products reflect their ethics and will delist products if necessary. For instance, they won't sell any product listing 'meat or meat derivatives'. Well, apart from Chewdles chicken cat treat, which works wonders for fur balls, said Fiona. "We read every label."
Fiona and Luigi are pursuing qualifications, and Fiona wants to eventually be able to offer reiki healing for animals. She said: "We are not trainers or nutritionists, but we can tell people why we do not sell some products. We do not want to make people feel judged, and so we always explain why."
They have to know the manufacturer is as concerned about ethics as they are.
Hannah describes herself as an 'enthusiastic amateur' and says she learns on the job. "Many companies give you information or have training courses online, eg Natures Menu and Canidae."
North America's grain-free Canidae is a new listing for Hannah and is selling well. "I like its simple recipe list. Those with a long list of ingredients, you almost need a degree to understand them. With Canidae, I know exactly what's in it."
The Pet Shed
Hannah had been in the finance and accounting sector for over 20 years, and when the opportunity arose for her to open a pet shop, she jumped. A life-long animal lover, she currently has three cats, two snakes, chickens, turkeys, guinea pigs and Bourbon, a mini Dachshund who comes into the shop with her.
She favours natural, high-meat and grain-free options. "It's the obvious choice, it's the best thing to feed your pet. Why would you want to feed your dog what is essentially bread? Dogs are carnivores and evolved from wolves.
"Diet today seems to be the cause of so many allergies and skin conditions. I've had dogs come in with skin and coat conditions, which were all changed by switching to a natural, good quality diet. I've seen temperament changes too. The market has changed so much these last couple of years, especially with its shift to grain free, which I think is great!
"In the wild, a dog would not eat rice… I do not think it would go into a paddy field to eat rice! I concentrate on high quality, natural pet products, with my best sellers being Canagan, James Wellbeloved, Arden Grange and Natural Instinct."
She gets on very well with the people at Canagan, 'who are really nice', she says, and Arden Grange is popular with her customers as it's based locally, and therefore in people's consciousness. "It's a very well established brand here, and people trust them," she said.
She does not believe in 'pushing a food'. "If a dog is healthy, I am not going to push them on to something else. I'd rather let the food do the talking." So customers who want advice are given samples to try, which works really well, she says.
Apart from the strong emphasis on food, Hannah also has a selection of animal-themed cards and gifts. "I wanted to be a little bit different, quirky perhaps, and have a boutique feel to my shop. I wanted to create a reputation, and have something different, stuff which I love and which I would buy myself. I am never going to be another Pets at Home, so I introduced these cards, gifts and hand-made collars. And people remember me for that and they come back."
Paws with a Cause
Fiona and Luigi had reached a point in their lives when they wanted change. Fiona had been in social work for over 20 years, and Luigi had worked in corporate environments and even taught adults for a while. Ironically, it was their two rescues who nudged them into the pet trade.
Worzel and Bimbla came with severe issues. Bimbla had already been rehomed by the RSPCA and returned before the couple took her on, and Worzel, well, let's just say Worzel did not like other dogs. At all. Walks were a nightmare, and Fiona was reduced to tears a number of times. But the couple were determined to help these dogs, and set off on a voyage of learning in which over two years, Fiona read up on diet and nutrition and their impact on a dog's health and behaviour. The day they were able to walk the two dogs outside on a leash like 'an
ordinary family' was emotional.
The seed was planted and in April last year, they took on the keys for the brand new shop unit – so brand new all it had was one light, one plug and concrete floor. Luckily, Luigi is handy with a hammer and saw and fitted out the shop himself using reclaimed timber. Eight weeks later and Paws with a Cause opened.
Customer service is king. For example, a customer called saying she needed to take her rabbit to the vet, did they have a rabbit harness for sale as it did not tolerate carriers. Luigi and Fiona have a loaner cat harness, so he popped out that afternoon to help fit the harness. Another customer had a Staffie-Lurcher cross with a pulling problem. Again, Luigi spent 1½ hours until the right harness was found and the dog stopped pulling.
"When we first got Worzel," says Luigi, "no-one talked to us in the sense that when we went into a shop, we were just given products. You need to have conversations with your customers."
Added Fiona: "For example, if someone comes in and asks for a large marrow bone, you can ask 'who's it for'? We have had people come in saying it's for their pup, and we could then suggest chicken necks might be a better option."
Luigi reveals they will be opening a second store on the other side of the vet. Not part of their original plans, but the opportunity arose and will solve their storage issues. The plan is for the second store to have an 'outside' theme, so chicken feed, hutches, wild bird, that type of thing.
Another advantage is how the shops are south-facing, and when the sun hits a certain height, the awning has to be extended to protect the food in the freezers. But this awning hides the shop front from passing traffic. The second shop won't need this protective awning, so its signage will be seen all the time.
In the meantime, customer numbers continue to grow, mostly due to word of mouth. "We have people coming in because they like the community feel, or they've heard about our ethics, or even that we are cheaper than the chain stores," said Luigi.
It is this one-on-one contact that is so important, and what their customers value. "It's why we're here," said Fiona, "and we do not want to change our approach."


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text:
Michael P. Crooks Esq.
von Briesen & Roper, S.C.
10 E. Doty Street, Ste. 900
Website: www.vonbriesen.com
Recognized to Wisconsin Chapter for Mediation Other ADR Services: ADR Training/CME, Early Neutral Evaluation, Insurance Umpire, Med-Arb
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Calendar Last Updated Jan 18 2022
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ADR Practice Benchmarks
Practice Commenced: 2009
Total Mediations (as of Jan 2022): 1800
Total Arbitrations (as of Jan 2022): 10
Practice Percentages
Mike Crooks is a shareholder with the Milwaukee firm of von Briesen & Roper, s.c., and runs the Madison office. His practice includes insurance defense, medical malpractice, products liability, breach of contract, and third-party recovery. He has held many titles, including Dane County's Top Lawyers (2002-03, 2005 and 2007-2018), Board Certified Trial Lawyer, Super Lawyer (2006-2018), Best Lawyers in America (2007-2018), President of WDC (2005-2006) as well as long time member of Wisconsin Defense Counsel and former Board member. He was formerly Treasurer of the James E. Doyle Inn of Courts. He is a special investigator for the Office of Lawyer Regulation, was appointed Court Commissioner by Judge Markson and is a member of the American Board of Trial Advocacy (ABOTA). He is admitted to practice in all Wisconsin State and Federal Courts and the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals. He is AV rated by Martindale Hubbell.
Professional Fees
Railroad & Trucking
Trademarks/Patents
University of Wisconsin J.D., cum laude, 1990
University of Notre Dame B.A., cum laude, 1987
Young Lawyers Liaison between the Defense Research Institute Civil Trial Counsel of Wisconsin
President, Civil Trial Counsel of Wisconsin, 2005-2006
Former Treasurer of the James E. Doyle Inn of Courts
Member of American College of Trial Lawyers
Member of American Board of Trial Advocates
Certified member of National Board of Trial Advocates
Hourly rate is $310-$350 per hour split between participating parties.


In today's technology centric world the usage of electronic banking has risen significantly. In 2009, the Gartner Group surveyed 3,988 adults and 47 percent of the respondents in the United States said they engage in Internet banking; 30 percent in the UK, and these figures appear to be rising. According to a report by comScore, during April 2012, 423.5 million people worldwide-accessed online banking sites. Consequently, the Sun-Sentinel reported the number of checks processed by the Federal Reserve hit an all time low in 2012.
Despite the fact Internet banking use is soaring high and check use is on a steep decline, many people still rely on good old-fashioned paper checks—there are still millions of checks processed daily across the United States. And even if you do conduct the bulk of your banking online, due to the fact that checks are still very much utilized, it is important to know how to use these documents in the event you receive one. People frequently use checks to pay bills, give gifts of money or pay off various forms of debt.
Understanding the concept of endorsing a check is essential, because in order to obtain the money noted on a check, a signature is required to complete the financial transaction. Additionally, in the event you receive a check, you might want to give the money to someone else. Rather than going through the process of cashing it and giving the person the money, you can simply endorse the check with your signature and sign over the sum of the money to another person. If you have a desire, or need, to give a check made out to you to someone else, you can endorse it directly to that individual. In this situation, you'll want to know how to safely do it so no one else other than the intended cashes the check.
Sign the check: In order to relinquish the check, you have to place your signature on the back of the document below the restrictive endorsement. After you've endorsed the check with your name, at this time you've given authorization for anyone to obtain the amount designated on the check.
Restrict the endorsement: A restrictive endorsement designates only a specific person can cash or deposit that check. However, if you want to give the money to someone else, you can include an additional restriction to limit the check. To do this, you can write "Pay to the Order of" and list the individual's name right on the back of the check. Be sure to do this all above the "Do not write below this line" portion of the check. This stipulation limits how the check can be cashed. With a restrictive endorsement, only the person you designate can legally cash the check.
When endorsing a check to someone else, you want to ensure you do it properly. Simply signing the check means anyone who comes across the check can cash it and take the money. You don't want a stranger walking off the the cash; however, by properly endorsing the check, this safeguards no one other than the authorized person is the recipient of the money.


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First Click Free update
tirsdag, september 29, 2015
In 2009, we updated the FCF policy to allow a limit of five articles per day, in order to protect publishers who felt some users were abusing the spirit of this policy. Recently we have heard from publishers about the need to revisit these policies to reflect the mobile, multiple device world. Today we are announcing a change to the FCF limit to allow a limit of three articles a day. This change will be valid on both Google Search and Google News.
Google wants to play its part in connecting users to quality news and in connecting publishers to users. We believe the FCF is important in helping achieve that goal, and we will periodically review and update these policies as needed so they continue to benefit users and publishers alike. We are listening and always welcome feedback.
Questions and answers about First Click Free
Q: Do the rest of the old guidelines still apply?
A: Yes, please check the guidelines for Google News as well as the guidelines for Web Search and the associated blog post for more information.
Q: Can I apply First Click Free to only a section of my site / only for Google News (or only for Web Search)?
A: Sure! Just make sure that both Googlebot and users from the appropriate search results can view the content as required. Keep in mind that showing Googlebot the full content of a page while showing users a registration page would be considered cloaking.
Q: Do I have to sign up to use First Click Free?
A: Please let us know about your decision to use First Click Free if you are using it for Google News. There's no need to inform us of the First Click Free status for Google Web Search.
Q: What is the preferred way to count a user's accesses?
A: Since there are many different site architectures, we believe it's best to leave this up to the publisher to decide.
(Please see our related blog post for more information on First Click Free for Google News.)
Posted by John Mueller, Google Switzerland
Around ten years ago when we introduced a policy called "First Click Free," it was hard to imagine that the always-on, multi-screen, multiple device world we now live in would change content consumption so much and so fast. The spirit of the First Click Free effort was - and still is - to help users get access to high quality news with a minimum of effort, while also ensuring that publishers with a paid subscription model get discovered in Google Search and via Google News.
Etiketter: general tips , webmaster guidelines


Specimens of Bushman Folklore: ||Kabbo's Journey In The Railway Train.
||KABBO'S JOURNEY IN THE RAILWAY TRAIN.
I have said to thee that the train (fire wagon) is nice. I sat nicely in the train. We two sat in (it), we (I) and a black man.
A woman did seize my arm; she drew me inside, because I should have fallen, therefore she drew me in. I sat beside a black man; his face was black; his mouth (was) also black; for they are black.
White men are those whose faces are red, for they are handsome. The black man he is ugly, thus his mouth is black, for his face is black.
The black man then asked me: "Where dost thou come from?" I said to the black man: "I come from this place." The black man asked me: "What is its name?" I said to the blackman: "My place is the Bitterpits."
Next: ||Kabbo's Intended Return Home.


text:
Social Skills: How 4 Photographers Are Winning at Social Media & How You Can Too
Jack Neubart | Jul 11, 2018
It's All in the Eyes "These foxes sure do know how to work the cute." Location: Central Ohio. © Chris Brinkman
Social media collectively is an interactive medium through which the world shares experiences, thoughts and ideas, music, and, of preeminent importance to the photographic community, visual media. If you're a Hollywood celeb, social media can help shape your career or even define it. If you're a photographer, the picture may not be as clear on first glance. I spoke with four successful pros from across the country to collect their thoughts on how and why they use social media.
Why Use Social Media?
My involvement with social media has largely centered on Facebook, but Instagram has been taking on a larger role after I'd returned to this platform with a new account and a revitalized effort. Still, I had questions, one being, why use social media?
Paddleboarding in an Icy Lake at Sunset "To be able to share this moment instantly on social media was a cool thing, no pun intended. This was a shot I had visualized, and it was an amazing experience for me to be able to shoot it!" © Christian Pondella
Adventure sports photographer Christian Pondella (christianpondella.com, Instagram: @christianpondella) points out that social media "is a way to get more of your images out there while engaging with a broader audience, and it enables you to showcase your work in ways you weren't able to do in the past through print media." He continues: "It's a great way for me to share images from a photo shoot that no one had seen before. Now these images have new life."
Cultural documentary photographer Ira Block (irablock.com, Instagram: @irablockphoto) goes even further, emphasizing, "It's the new way to communicate with your images. It fills the void that was magazine publishing." He adds: "Photographers are using social media as a way to get more assignments and jobs. Your work gets noticed on social media, and clients use social media to find photographers." Block is also using social media to promote his new book, Cuba Loves Baseball: A Photographic Journey, with a foreword by famed sportscaster Bob Costas. He also created a special Instagram account to promote the book: @cubalovesbaseball.
Wildlife photographer Chris Brinkman (www.chrisbrinkmanphotography.com, Instagram: @brinkmanph) uses Instagram to expand his photographic career in a different direction. "I do some portrait work as well. And I've used it to connect with some of my portrait customers." But which images? "Wildlife. They like the eye contact in my wildlife portraits." But Brinkman also uses social media to keep a running dialog of his trips, sharing experiences through images practically in real time.
Don Cheadle Bil Zelman shot this portrait of the world-renowned actor/director Don Cheadle for KCRW in Los Angeles. © Bil Zelman
Portraitist Bil Zelman (bilzelman.com, Instagram: @bilzelman), who describes his work as "emotive and passionate people photography," offers a contrasting viewpoint. "Social media is not really where I get my jobs. Social media is where I maintain relationships." He adds: "I can't do everything. I already work 50 hours a week on average," noting that focusing on social media simply detracts from his day-to-day. However, he was quick to add that social media, especially his Facebook account, does have relevance. He posts on Facebook when casting for talent. And recently he'd been looking for a canoe for a photo shoot. A Facebook friend came through with a loaner canoe, at no charge. "Within 24 hours, someone had reached out to me."
Temples and Hot-Air Balloons "Hot-air balloons sail across the skies over Bagan, Myanmar, at sunrise. Tourism has become a part of the economy that will help Myanmar make a transition into a more modern nation, and balloon rides over Bagan are very popular. During the kingdom's height between the 11th and 13th centuries there were over 10,000 Buddhist pagodas, temples, and monasteries in the Bagan region. Today there are only about 2,500 remaining, the rest did not survive the ages. This image is one of my most popular Instagrams with almost 11,500 likes." © Ira Block
Which Social Media Platforms Do You Use?
When it comes to social media, we photographers have to decide which platforms we'll use and how we'll use them. Clearly, each platform has its strong suit. As a photographer, that choice often comes down to Instagram and Facebook, and for the pro videographer that may extend to YouTube and Vimeo. Twitter, while of greater value to celebs and certain politicians, is of questionable value to photographers, and decidedly not a vital part of the picture, according to the photographers I spoke with.
Zelman uses his Facebook account "to share exciting new projects before I release them to the public. It keeps people excited about the work I'm doing. It also keeps me creating new work to post. What's more, I do a lot of fine art projects that don't get seen by the commercial world. So it's a great outlet for me, to show that work to people who might not otherwise see it. I also use Vimeo to promote my directing and motion work."
With regard to Instagram, Zelman candidly observes: "I've never liked Instagram because my work involves subtlety of expression. I always felt that showing my work in a little 2x2-inch square was a letdown. However that's where I let the general public have a little peek into my life, letting them see what it might look like to be behind the scenes on a photo shoot. I tend to post a lot of celebrity stuff on Instagram because people enjoy seeing that as opposed to it just being a repeat of my regular portfolio."
That Come-Hither Look "This brown bear spring cub was giving me quite the look." Location: Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska. © Chris Brinkman
While Block, a National Geographic photographer, also uses Facebook, his social media presence is strongest on Instagram, with a worldwide following of over 300,000. "For me it is a showcase for my images, though at times it does let clients know what part of the world I am in." He adds: "Any image I put on social media has to be a 'real' photograph, I don't use it to show people what I had for lunch. I take it very seriously."
Block has a specific strategy when it comes to social media, using one platform to highlight his feeds on the others. He calls it "cross-pollination." In nature, cross-pollination strengthens a species. In social media, it reinforces your presence on each involved platform.
Both Brinkman and Pondella focus their efforts on Instagram, with Facebook taking a backseat. Admittedly, Pondella would prefer to spend his time doing other things, succinctly observing: "I believe social media is a disconnect from living life."
Fedora "This shot was part of a personal portrait series that received a lot of online attention after it was posted on Instagram, leading to two separate interviews on the project." © Bil Zelman
Brinkman in particular regularly analyzes his followers' responses. "Because of the way the media works, people scroll through images quickly and only certain things will pop out in that feed." So how do you make images "pop out"? He explains: "I keep track of who looks at my photos. When it comes to gaining new followers, I've found they're drawn to images that stand out, those with a very clean background. For example, a silhouetted or isolated subject that draws them in quickly."
It's worth noting that each photographer I spoke with looks at social media as an adjunct or complement to a commercial website, not a replacement. As Block points out, "You need both. If a client finds your work interesting on Instagram, they're more likely to go to your website to see more in-depth images."
Border Cave "Archaeologists and workers excavate Border Cave on the border of KwaZulu-Natal and Swaziland. This important site has evidence of human habitation dating back 200,000 years, giving weight to the belief that Africa is the origin of humankind." © Ira Block
Those Nasty Algorithms
Block recommends one surefire way to get new followers: "You do get more traction when you follow other photographers." But there is a caveat: As many have observed, both Facebook and Instagram have instituted new algorithms that have the untoward effect of directing users to certain accounts and steering them away from others, even among your followers.
"You can definitely tell there are some new algorithms in effect," Brinkman observes. "You don't get as many followers as you used to. The reach isn't there." His solution? "Continue to actively interact with other accounts that you're following."
Tyler Wallasch and the Iceberg Plunge "After posting that sunset paddleboarding shot, a professional skier contacted me on Instagram, offering to dive into the water off one of those mini icebergs. Once out there, with the sun rising, we paddled out on our boards. He mounted the iceberg, and I photographed him diving in. I posted it and got over 6,000 'likes,' which was a record for me." © Christian Pondella
Block concurs: "One of the ways to help broaden your audience is by interacting with other people. So I follow other photographers. I 'like' their images. I'll comment on them, and, if people write a comment to me, and, if it's something I can answer, I will answer that comment. Interaction with other people does help broaden your market."
Social media has become both the boon and the bane of the photography world. It may involve a serious commitment in time and energy—resources you'd prefer to devote to being more creative, but if you don't put yourself out there, no one will know you exist, or at the very least, they won't know what you're up to at the moment. We've seen how several pro photographers use it to advantage. These are solid jumping-off points that will help us land with both feet on solid ground.
Jack Neubart (jackneubart.com, Instagram: @pixelperfexion) has authored numerous books and articles on photography over the years.
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Today's fast-paced lifestyle has robbed us of the time we need to care for the most basic human need: sustaining life by feeding ourselves well. We eat more than enough calories, but the quality of what we eat is so poor that it doesn't sustain optimum health. The grab-and-feed mentality of the twenty-first century has obliterated the once-important practice of providing healthy family meals, and we are paying a heavy price. More than half the adult population and a growing number of children are classified as "obese" and poor diet is implicated in all chronic diseases.
As a culture, we're desperately searching for ways to combat the trend, but we most often look in the wrong places and toward extreme diets and pills.
The plan presented in this book is really simple: Just consider that everything you put into your mouth becomes part of you.
If you are not energized by the color of the food you're eating, that's a clue that it will wind up as fat around your abdomen, waist, thighs, and buttocks.
And you may not have the right stuff to think clearly and to combat stress. Do you make a habit of eating on the run? If so, you may be plagued with digestive problems and be less able to access food nutrients. It's also extremely likely that you will not have the quality of life you hope for in older age.
My choice, and I hope yours, is to travel along a different path to eating better with the fresh and colorful foods provided by nature.
In the mid-1970s Dr. Stephen DeFelice first used the term nutraceutical to describe a broad class of nutrients with disease-fighting properties. Since that time this category has been further defined to highlight important disease-fighting chemicals found in plant and animal foods.
Phytonutrients give plants their bright colors, and we access their healing powers when we eat those brightly colored foods. Animals that eat phytonutrient-rich foods transform them into zoonutrients that color egg yolks and make butter appear yellow and make salmon and trout pink.
Range-fed animals and wild game eat phytonutrient grasses and, as a result, their meat contains higher levels of healthy omega-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid than does that of their grain-fed counterparts. Range animals are also leaner and, if organically raised, their meet doesn't contain hormones or antibiotic residues.
Over the last century, changes in the way animals are fed, shifting from range-fed to feed, has led to substantial change in meat quality. If you're a big meat-eater, it's even more important that you get your daily servings of vegetables and fruits to balance the potential health challenges presented by a diet rich in meat.
Eating the right colors every day is the basis of my new system, but other factors play into it for a full and satisfying culinary experience, including mindfulness, shopping without distraction, and preparing meals with intention.
The 7-Color system emphasizes the need to be fully engaged in what you're doing, whether you're shopping, cooking, or eating. Set aside multitasking and enjoy cooking to its fullest.
Get to know the deep satisfaction in shopping for the most colorful foods and planning menus around them to nourish your whole person as one of our greatest weapons against stress.
As our adaptive ability decreases, our immune systems are less able to respond appropriately to challenges, leading to an increased tendency toward illness. By keeping your mind fully engaged in the current moment, you may be able to reduce stress and mitigate the chance of developing chronic conditions.
When you shop, do so with as little distraction as possible so that you have time to read labels and think about what you're buying. Plan two or three shopping times per week, including during the weekend and midweek. These trips can be short stops to the produce, fish, and dairy sections, because you will have already established and maintained your dry pantry of staple goods.
Make shopping times a priority by scheduling them as weekly events. And be sure to take a shopping list and avoid browsing in supermarkets, because if you don't, you're much more likely to buy items with clever marketing and packaging that hide less healthful qualities.
Before heading to the store, review your menu plans and list the items you'll need for the menus needed for the suggested menus.
(Worksheets are included in Appendix C to help you figure that out as an on-going task). As you become more adept at working with the 7-Color system, you'll get used to selecting the choicest fruits and vegetables and be able to pair them quickly with grains, legumes, and animal source foods to build your own color-based menus. Using the menu plans, you'll also have an endless array of combinations to choose from.
To keep your pantry well stocked, you'll maintain a running list of needed items in a convenient location, perhaps on the refrigerator.
If you've noted specifics, you'll see when particular shelf pantry items are running low, as you will with staples freezer that you always want to have on hand in the refrigerator. You'll want to update your list as you prepare meals to replenish any ingredients used. (Complete lists of wet and dry staples can be found in the book).
You'll find daily menu plans with recipes and list of ingredients to buy in Part Two. With a purposeful plan for meal preparation, the first step is to establish your food preparation area and remove all nonessential items. That's important whether your kitchen is small or large.
Arrange the items you use most in a drawer adjacent to the food preparation area. Make sure that the area is clean and, as you work, use a damp bar towel to wipe your hands and clean spills fast.
Rinse the bar towel frequently and change it daily.
If you make clean-up a part of food preparation, you'll eliminate the unpleasant task of returning to a disaster after a great meal when everyone is relaxed.
Reserve one chopping board for raw fish, poultry, and meat and scrub it thoroughly with detergent after each use. Other boards used for vegetables need only to be cleaned with water.
Assemble all of the ingredients, cookware, and utensils you need to prepare a recipe.
Small items like fresh herbs, onions, and garlic can be chopped and set aside in small bowls until you're ready to use them. (There's a list of essential equipment and gadgets in the book).
While you're preparing the meal, someone who's going to eat it might well help you by setting an attractive table. Many working couples use the tag-team idea, and that's much more fun than working alone, plus it allows you to release the workday mind-set.
If you eat your meals alone it's even more important for you to "stage" your dining area with an attractive place setting and soft music or whatever helps you relax. Candlelight sets a wonderful mood for dining anytime. A candle flame's intense energy can serve to remind you of the renewed energy your food will provide and help you focus on what you are eating.
When the mind is fully engaged in food preparation, signals are sent from the brain to the digestive organs, allowing them to produce the right blend of acids and enzymes to digest the meal's contents.
Excerpted from 7-Color Cuisine: Making healthy, colorful foods a lifestyle for nutrition and good eating by Marcia Zimmerman, M.
D. (Penmarin Books, February 2006). .


We cater to your needs. Your wants. Your wishes. At David E. Shapiro DMD we specialize in creating custom solutions for your dental needs. We take every case individually. We listen to you to understand your particular desires, then we'll discuss each option with you on how to best serve your dental care needs. With so many advances in the field of dentistry, you have more potential and possibilities available to you than ever before. We think you deserve the best, personalized care available. After all, you are one of a kind. Shouldn't your smile reflect that?
We are a full-service dental office with an emphasis on Implant, Cosmetic, and Family Dentistry, serving the surrounding areas of West Windsor, NJ.