text:
Stratasys sues Afinia
Posted by Have Blue
Have Blue
November 25, 2013 04:25PM Registered: 11 years ago
"Stratasys Acts to Protect Its Intellectual Property"
[investors.stratasys.com]
Attached is the case summary - they're going after heated beds?!?
[haveblue.org]
open | download - 10114908932.pdf (259.9 KB)
MattMoses
Re: Stratasys sues Afinia
November 25, 2013 04:51PM Admin
I thought this part of the announcement was interesting:
This is the first time that Stratasys has commenced an action for infringement of its patents.
Also interesting, from this article:
Afinia review on Cnet
If the H479 looks familiar, it's because Afinia licensed the design from Chinese manufacturer Delta Micro Factory, maker of the UP! 3D printer.
I'm not familiar with Afinia, but it seems like they are part of a large company?
They're part of Microboards Technology (http://www.microboards.com/about), but I think Beijing TierTime (the parent of PP3DP) is much larger. I wonder if Stratasys is using this case to test the waters before a possible suit against other hobbyist printer makers? If they win on the heated bed claim, it would be a huge blow to the hobbyist market.
November 25, 2013 05:31PM Registered: 8 years ago
Got a link to Stratasys heated bed patent?
It certainly would have a chilling effect .
But seriously, yeah. It could be a disaster for the small hobbyist companies. So far it seems like Stratasys has been willing to leave the little guys alone... and Afinia is no little guy. But who knows what they will do in the future.
Guizmo
Not only that:
Infill percentage
Extruders.
A path that conceals the ends
According to them, all FFF printers are infringing one or more of theirs patents.
@MattMoses: I believe they will protect Makerbot from all competition, so if they win this one, they will eventually sue all others.
Edited 1 time(s). Last edit at 11/25/2013 05:51PM by Guizmo.
The case summary HaveBlue uploaded has all the details, but the four patents cited are:
August 5, 1997, U.S. Patent No 5,653,925 (the 925 patent) METHOD FOR CONTROLLED POROSITY THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELING
February 2, 1999, U.S. Patent No. 5,866,058 (the 058 patent) METHOD FOR RAPID PROTOTYPING OF SOLID MODELS
December 21, 1999, U.S. Patent No. 6,004,124 (the 124 patent) THIN WALL TUBE LIQUIFIER
January 8, 2013, U.S. Patent No. 8,349,239 (the 239 patent) SEAM CONCEALMENT FOR THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELS
The heated build platform is alleged to infringe the 058 patent.
@A2:
Looks like a general patent for FDM, but it mentions the temperature control to avoid curling. I believe this is the famous patent that prevented a lot of people from using enclosures:
[www.google.com]
They claim that a heated bed infringes this:
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the local region temperature of the build environment is maintained, at least during step b), below the creep relaxation temperature of said thermally solidifiable material.
Stratasys doesn't have a heated bed patent - they're using a very loose interpretation of the term 'build environment' in the '058 patent to cover the area above a heated bed.
(Guizmo beat me to it)
Edited 1 time(s). Last edit at 11/25/2013 05:58PM by Have Blue.
@Have Blue,
Yes, I agree. It's kinda dumb.
So, if you have a heater in your home during the winter, you cannot print inside,
Edited 2 time(s). Last edit at 11/26/2013 10:57AM by Guizmo.
nicholas.seward
Luckily Stratasys is actually being dumb here. It may be better PR-wise to attack a large company but they would stand a better chance at winning a case against a small guy and in the process establish precedent. IMO, the heated bed is the only thing in danger here. I doubt they will sue Slic3r or CURA. This could keep software from being packaged with a printer.
Patent law makes me cry all the time!
vegasloki
They aren't going to start action against hobby makers or DIY printers. There is no money in it for them. After what eventually happened with the MPAA/RIAA file sharing suits and the Righthaven copyright troll I don't think they'd launch an all out assault on hobbyists but would expect them to take action against anyone selling what they considered to be infringing on one of thier patents.
@ Vegasloki: That's one problem. Many people that would like to start a small bussiness selling 3d printers will not and perhaps many developers will stop too.
But there could be something good from this. We may invent a new technology to avoid this patents.
They are going for Afinia because they have deep pockets. There are hundreds (if not thousands) of people that already sell Reprap designs and parts, me included. They want to stop or at least impede mass market consumer machines and using a patent defense is a strategy they have employed. With HP jumping into the market in 2014 they are likely "marking their turf", so to speak. That segment of the market isn't going to be lead by small Reprap based firms as it requires capital and expertise beyond what most of the small operations can muster. While it's important to be aware of the action, over reacting isn't a prudent reaction. As far as parts sales they can't control what is sold as long as it has other uses than the infringing use.
Just because something is listed in a complaint doesn't mean it's necessarily true or that the court will have the same interpretation. The point is to paint the other guy in as bad a light as possible. Patents aren't for a general idea but for the specific implementaion of that idea. Just because a patent is filed doesn't mean it's valid. When Afinia answers the complaint it will be just as rhetoric filled as the Stratsys complaint and likely target the validity of the patent in the first place. That is the silver lining for others in that if the patents are challenged or the implementation methods specific to this action are found to be outside the scope of these patents that is a win for others that want to enter the field.
When Afinia answers the complaint...
... they will probably settle. Patent disputes are usually resolved out of court. 3DS and Formlabs are apparently negotiating a settlement after 3DS sued Formlabs+Kickstarter.
bobc
Bre Pettis must be really proud to have stayed committed to Open Source Hardware despite substantial financial inducements to sell out... oh wait.
What is Open Source?
What is Open Source Hardware?
Open Source in a nutshell: the Four Freedoms
CC BY-NC is not an Open Source license
That is the silver lining for others in that if the patents are challenged or the implementation methods specific to this action are found to be outside the scope of these patents that is a win for others that want to enter the field.
Perhaps, or Afinia just cave and pay the licence fee, because it costs more to defend than the licence fee.
The only sure thing is that lawyers get a whole load of money over something that should never have been granted in the first place.
Disclaimer: This post does not constitute legal advice. I am not an attorney. I do not have expertise in these matters.
I think claim 1c is among the main claims to focus on.
I think it reads that they have the ability to reduce the heated bed temperature to a point that it cools the part "and"
at the same time reduce the temperature of the part.
Their use of the therm "local region" bothers me:
The claims don't descriptively describe what the "local region" exactly is, I'm assuming it's the heated bed?
"a build region having at least a local region temperature that exceeds the solidification temperature of the thermally solidifiable material"
"the local region encompasses at least a most recently deposited layer of said thermally solidifiable material."
"local region temperature of the build environment"
Potential workarounds to some of the claims of US patent 5866058:
1a: having at least a "local region" temperature that exceeds the solidification temperature (70)
Workaround: Don't exceed the solidification temperature.
The heated bed temperature must be lower than the solidification temperature (ex. ~70 for ABS).
1b: This describes every 3D printer on the market.
1c) solidifying said thermally solidifiable material by cooling said local region temperature and said material below the solidification temperature of the material.
Workaround: Don't cool the local region, (i.e. don't turn off the hotplate while printing?) "or" don't cool the material (i.e. don't use a fan to cool the part?).
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the local region temperature of the build environment, at least during step b), is below the glass transition temperature.
Workaround: heated bed temperature is greater than the glass transition temperature (ex. ~100 C for ABS).
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the local region temperature of the build environment is maintained, at least during step b),
below the creep relaxation temperature of said thermally solidifiable material.
Workaround: don't use a heated enclosure, and "or" employ the previous mentioned workarounds.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein concurrent with said cooling of said local region and said material below the solidification temperature of the material during step c),
a rate of temperature change versus position in the said physical object is maintained below a threshold value.
Workaround: I'm unsure of this one.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermally solidifiable material is acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene.
Workaround: Don't use ABS.
9c) maintaining during step b) the build environment, at least in a vicinity of the extruder, within a predetermined temperature range,
said temperature range being above a solidification temperature of the thermally solidifiable material;
Workaround: I think this one means don't warm the area around the nozzle, say for an example with a hair dryer?
e) concurrently with step d), adjusting temperatures within the build environment differentially so that the solidifiable material,
upon which additional solidifiable material has accumulated, is cooled below a solidification temperature thereof; and
Workaround: Don't use a fan to cool the part.
f) further solidifying the said object by cooling said object below said solidification temperature.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the thermally solidifiable material is a thermoplastic which exhibits a glass transition temperature and step c)
maintains the temperature of the build environment below the glass transition temperature.
Workaround: don't use a heated enclosure.
Edited 3 time(s). Last edit at 11/27/2013 10:48PM by MattMoses.
open | download - ScreenHunter_231 Nov. 26 17.17.jpg (30.3 KB)
It's very unusual of Stratasys council not to have been proactive and instigated litigation at the juncture that Stratasys had some cash to sling around.
Maybe the owners ignored the advice of their council? Maybe it's a clue that the owners of Stratasys are OK humans
Every big company needs to have a track record of litigation to the tune of at least $3,000,000,
maybe today that number should be $5,000,000. So I fully expect Stratasys to be spending the money, as it's long over due.
Seems to me it's more like they waited to finish acquiring Makerbot, as Makerbot would have had at least a few of the same claimed infringements.
DonaldJ
Any lawsuits to protect Makerbot in the consumer market make a lot of sense, but Afinia may be a red herring.
I'm guessing the real target will be Cube and 3DSystems.
Afinia have far greater mass retail distribution deals than any of the other players at this point. This suit isn't about technology as much as it is using patents to stop or at least distract a competitor in the field. I don't see them settling. They could have brought the suit a while ago but didn't have anything they could put in the channel until they acquired Makerbot. I wouldn't doubt this was the plan all along.
That's a possible scenario, but if I've read my copy of the Make 2014 3D printer guide correctly, the Afinia is a re-branded Up Plus printer.
The Up Plus is made (or sold) by PP3DP, with distributers in the U.S., Germany, and Australia.
At least the jury selection will be interesting if it goes to court. They're both in the Minneapolis area, or thereabouts.
Afinia is owned by Microboards Technology. They are big players in the entertaimment duplication market. Afinia have licensed the design from Delta Micro (PP3DP parent) for use in the H series product in question so I think it's fair to call it rebranded. Earlier this summer Afinia announced deals with CDW, Best Buy, Radio Shack (who is retooling to become a maker/hacker supply outlet) Staples Canada, Tiger Direct and B&H for large scale online retail distribution. They've also got several smaller retailers as well but at this time they have the largest consumer retail footprint in the game. The problem with Makerbot pre Stratasys was they didn't have the capital or expertise to scale manufacturing to be able to supply mainstream retail. They couldn't keep up with what they were selling in thier own store. The key to being sucessful at big time retail is distribution but you have to be able to support the channel with product. Something Makerbot hasn't been able to do on both counts.
November 26, 2013 02:56AM Admin
Wouldn't it be amazing if someone could invent a 3D printer that could print all the parts to make a complete copy of itself? And then people who wanted one wouldn't go to CDW, Best Buy, Radio Shack, or Tiger Direct, they would just buy one from someone who already had one? It would have to be some kind of self replicating 3D printer.
Oh, but this is just crazy talk. Who would invent a self replicating 3D printer? You couldn't go in to business with it, because you'd go out of business as soon as you sold your first unit. And if you can't go in to business with it, why invent it?
Maybe some community of like-minded volunteers could develop something like that: humanity's first self-replicating 3D printer. Base it on some known system and gradually add capabilities to make it more and more self-replicating, until anyone can print copies on their own... Nah, that would never work. As soon as someone got their machine to print something, they would forget all about making it self-replicating and run off to start their own little company. (Which then would promptly be sued into oblivion.)
thejollygrimreaper
looking at all the conversations going across multiple forums when this story comes up the first thing i see is people fearful of what stratasys could "potentially" do and start making a lot of assumptions based on little to no fact,
given that we are a movement consisting of several thousand people across multiple countries, we are too big to ignore and nearly impossible/unpractical to go after on the legal front, and probably have more collective development resources than they do...
maybe we should be approaching them to talk about some sort of coexistence in the future?
-=( blog )=- -=( thingiverse )=- -=( 3Dindustries )=- -=( Aluhotend - mostly metal hotend)=--=( Facebook )=-
November 26, 2013 04:24AM Registered: 8 years ago
That's the benefit of doing a real reprap. You're not supposed to sell directly the machine, as people do themselves
Designers should just be fund by the community , then, never have any infringement problem.
This new business model is the only way to evolve from this [email protected]$(#* actual model ! (my 2c).
ShadowRam
From what I've been reading about Chinese Printers as of late, Stratasys is shooting themselves in the foot.
The Chinese printers are becoming really good quality, and printing right out of the box.
People will just buy Chinese printers, if Stratasys attempts to dominate the market this way.
iquizzle
Afinia is selling closed source, fully built printers. Honestly, it's a pretty far cry from what the average reprap user is using. I don't think there's any reason for all the panic here. If you build a reprap at home, nobody is going to sue you. Patents really only exist to protect money and markets and to gain footholds in ways of making it. They can shut down all of their competitors, but they really can't touch reprap. Fundamentally, this is a community of ideas.. which despite what it may seem, has little to do with patents.
If you're here to sell stuff, yeah maybe this power move should concern you. But lets keep it in perspective -- as far as the goals of the reprap project go, this is hardly a blip on the radar.
@iquizzle: I think we should embrace the idea that people will want to make a business that runs on open source ideals. We owe Ubuntu to a company for example. While I think that RepRap at its core has nothing to be afraid of there are some businesses that RepRap directly and indirectly benefits from that do have reason to be afraid. I propose we do freak out and we do get concerned and we do get mad at the patent system. It is a healthy response. The system prevents innovation and that is something that I think RepRap should be very concerned about.
Edited 1 time(s). Last edit at 11/26/2013 01:23PM by nicholas.seward.
Page 1 of 6 Pages: 123456


text:
Günbileg jonon  ou Gün Bilig, est un jinong (prêtre du mausolée de Gengis Khan, parmi les Ordos). Ils sont, avec Altan Khan et  et Dayan Khan les enfants de Bars Bolud.

Noyendari (ou Noyendari Jonon) lui succède au titre de jinong.

Annexes

Notes et références

Bibliographie
 Histoire des Ming

Articles connexes

Liens externes

Jinong
Khan mongol
Naissance en 1506
Décès en 1542

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text:
HomeRespiratory CareVentilator Modes: Explained! PEEP, CPAP, Pressure vs. Volume
Ventilator Modes: Explained! PEEP, CPAP, Pressure vs. Volume
Are you ready to learn about the ventilator modes of mechanical ventilation? If so, you're in the right place because that is what this study guide is all about.
As you will see below, we have listed out pretty much everything you need to know about Ventilator Modes as a Respiratory Therapy Student. Not to mention, you'll get access to some helpful practice questions as well.
So if you're ready to get started, let's go ahead and dive right in.
Ventilator Modes
What is a Ventilator Mode?
A ventilator mode is a way of describing how the mechanical ventilator assists the patient with inspiration. The characteristics of a particular mode controls how the ventilator functions.
Understanding the different ventilator modes is one of the most important aspects of mechanical ventilation.
Primary Control Variables:
In mechanical ventilation, there are two primary control variables:
Volume Control means that you can set (or control) the patient's tidal volume.
So with a set tidal volume and a set respiratory rate, this means that there is a known minute ventilation. This is good when it comes to making adjustments to achieve a desired PaCO2.
One of the negative aspects of using Volume Control is that, since the tidal volume is preset, if the patients lung compliance were to decrease, this could result in high peak pressures.
Another drawback of Volume Control is patient-ventilator dyssynchrony.
Pressure Control means that you can set (or control) the patient's pressure in order to achieve a desired tidal volume.
As with Volume Control, a Pressure-Controlled tidal volume and set rate can help you reach a desired PaCO2.
The main disadvantage of using Pressure Control is the patient's tidal volume can potentially be unstable if there are changes in the patient's lung compliance or airway resistance.
So again, Volume Control and Pressure Control — those are the two control variables. When initiating mechanical ventilation on a patient, once you select the control variable, now you can choose the actual operational mode that determines the pattern of breathing for the patient.
What are the Primary Ventilator Modes?
In mechanical ventilation, there are two primary ventilator modes:
Assist/Control (A/C) Mode
Synchronous Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) Mode
In this mode, a minimum number of preset mandatory breaths are delivered by the ventilator but the patient can also trigger assisted breaths. The patient makes an effort to breathe and the ventilator assists in delivering the breath.
With that said, this mode of ventilation does not allow the patient to take spontaneous breaths. In this mode, the operator can set either a controlled pressure or a controlled volume.
The sensitivity control can be adjusted to make it easier or harder for the patient to initiate a breath.
When to Use Assist/Control?
This mode is most often used when mechanical ventilation is first initiated for a patient because this mode provides full ventilatory support.
That is also one of the advantages of using Assist/Control because it keeps the patient's work of breathing requirement very low.
One of the major complications of Assist/Control is hyperventilation, which results in respiratory alkalosis. This is the result of too many breaths given to the patient, whether patient-triggered or machine-triggered.
In this mode, the ventilator delivers a preset minimum number of mandatory breaths. However, it also allows the patient to initiate spontaneous breaths in between the mandatory breaths.
This mode also allows the operator to set either a controlled pressure or a controlled volume.
When to Use SIMV?
The primary indication for SIMV is when a patient needs partial ventilatory support. That is because, since the patient can takes spontaneous breaths, that means they can contribute to some of their minute ventilation.
SIMV is a mode that is used for weaning as well.
Advantages of Using SIMV:
Since the patient is able to take spontaneous breaths, it helps to maintain their respiratory muscle strength and avoid muscular atrophy.
It distributes tidal volumes evenly throughout the lung fields, which reduces V/Q mismatching.
It helps to decrease the patient's mean airway pressure.
As a Respiratory Therapist (or student), SIMV and Assist/Control are the two ventilator modes that you should be most familiar with.
However, it's also important to develop an understanding of some of the secondary modes of mechanical ventilation as well.
Ventilator Modes for Spontaneous Breathing:
Keep in mind that, in order to use any of the following modes, the patient must be breathing spontaneously.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV)
Volume Support (VS)
In CPAP, or continuous positive airway pressure, a continuous pressure that is above atmospheric pressure is maintained throughout the breathing cycle.
The patient must be breathing spontaneously to be in this mode because no mandatory breaths are given. This is a useful mode for weaning patients off of the ventilator.
A mode of mechanical ventilation in which the patient's spontaneous breaths are supported by the ventilator during the inspiratory phase of breathing. As the patient triggers a breath, the ventilator assists by adding pressure to make breathing easier.
The level of pressure is preset by the operator, so you have control over how much support you give the patient. For example, the higher the level of pressure support that is set, the easier it will be for the patient to take a breath.
In PSV, the breaths are time-cycled and pressure-limited.
PSV is often used to help the patient overcome the airway resistance that is caused by the endotracheal tube.
For example, let's say there is a patient who needs to be weaned from the ventilator that is in the SIMV mode. If their endotracheal tube size is too small, the airway resistance would be increased which would make weaning difficult.
That's when PSV would come in handy to help the patient overcome the airway resistance so that they can be extubated.
A mode of mechanical ventilation in which the ventilator delivers a supported breath to help the patient reach a set tidal volume. This mode is totally dependent on the patient's effort, meaning that, the machine varies the inspiratory pressure support level with each breath in order to achieve the target volume.
This mode is not quite as common as some of the others, but it's often used to wean patients from anesthesia.
Other Modes of Mechanical Ventilation:
Now that we've covered the primary and spontaneous modes of ventilation, now let's go through the unconventional ventilator modes. These are sometimes referred to as the secondary modes of ventilation.
Control Mode Ventilation (CMV)
Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV)
Mandatory Minute Ventilation (MMV)
Inverse Ratio Ventilation (IRV)
Pressure Regulated Volume Control (PRVC)
Proportional Assist Ventilation (PAV)
Adaptive Support Ventilation (ASV)
Adaptive Pressure Control (APC)
Volume-Assured Pressure Support (VAPS)
Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA)
Automatic Tube Compensation (ATC)
High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV)
It's a mode where the ventilator delivers a preset tidal volume at a set time-triggered frequency. Basically, the ventilator controls both the rate and tidal volume which means that it's in total control of the minute ventilation.
This mode should only be used on patients who are fully sedated and have been administered neuromuscular blocking agents.
That is also the biggest hazard of using this mode because, since the patient is fully dependant on the machine for ventilation and oxygenation, it could be devastating if they were to become disconnected.
A mode of mechanical ventilation in which two levels of continuous positive airway pressure are applied with an intermittent release phase for spontaneous breaths. This mode is often recommended to improve oxygenation and treat refractory hypoxemia.
Other indications for APRV include an Acute Lung Injury (ALI), Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), and Severe Atelectasis.
Settings for APRV:
High Time
Low Time
This is a feature of some ventilators that causes an increase in the mandatory breaths that are delivered when the patient's spontaneous breathing level becomes inadequate.
So basically, if the patient's spontaneous breathing decreases, the ventilator compensates in order to make sure that a safe minimal minute ventilation is delivered.
MMV is often an additional function of the SIMV mode and is intended to prevent hypercapnia.
This is a mode that uses an inverse I:E ratio to improve oxygenation and gas exchange. It's been shown to decrease shunting, improve V/Q mismatching, and decrease deadspace ventilation.
IRV is commonly recommended for patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
This mode causes auto-PEEP (intrinsic PEEP) which is actually what helps improve the patient's oxygenation and reduce shunting.
A mode of mechanical ventilation that provides volume-controlled breaths with the lowest pressure possible. It does so by altering the flow and inspiratory time. This mode is used to keep the peak airway pressure at the lowest possible level.
This mode is volume-cycled and can be patient triggered-or time-triggered.
This is a mode of mechanical ventilation where the machine uses variable pressure to provide pressure support for a patient's spontaneous breaths. The level of pressure support is adjusted depending on the patient's work of breathing.
PAV is either pressure-triggered or flow-triggered, and the breathing cycle ends once the patient's volume or flow demands are met.
One thing to keep in mind about this mode is that, if the patient's lungs show rapid improvement, overdistention or barotrauma could occur because too much pressure would be delivered.
A mode of ventilation that changes the number of mandatory breaths and pressure support level according to the patient's breathing pattern.
A pressure-controlled mode that utilizes a closed-loop control of the pressure setting in order to maintain a minimum delivered tidal volume.
With that said, in this mode, the delivered tidal volume will vary depending on the patient's lung compliance.
A mode of ventilation that provides a stable tidal volume by incorporating inspiratory pressure support ventilation along with conventional volume-assisted cycles. It's only available on certain ventilators.
This mode can cause a prolonged inspiratory time, so patients with an obstructive disease should be monitored closely in order to prevent air trapping or other cardiovascular effects.
A ventilator mode that uses the patient's electrical activity of the diaphragm to guide the functionality of the ventilator.
A catheter with electrodes is positioned in the patient's esophagus at the level of the diaphragm, and that is how the electrical activity is picked up from the phrenic nerves. Then, the ventilator uses this information to ventilate the patient.
While not technically a ventilator mode, this is a setting on some ventilators that offsets and compensates for the airflow resistance that is imposed by the endotracheal tube or artificial airway.
A type of mechanical ventilation that delivers very small tidal volumes at an extremely fast rate which minimizes the chances of a lung injury.
This mode has been shown to improve oxygenation in severe cases, such as with refractory hypoxemia.
Adjusting the Setting in HFOV:
Ventilation – can be increased by increasing the Amplitude (Power) or by decreasing the frequency.
Ventilation – can be decreased by decreasing the Amplitude (Power) or by increasing the frequency.
Oxygenation – can be increased by increasing the Mean Airway Pressure setting or by increasing the FiO2.
Oxygenation – can be decreased by decreasing the Mean Airway Pressure setting or by decreasing the FiO2.
This mode is also indicated to provide mechanical ventilatory support in neonates with conditions such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia, diffuse alveolar disease, and pulmonary hypoplasia.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Lytle Creek Ranch – Crook County, WY 1,160 acres – $3,480,000 This western Black Hills ranch is in one of the most picturesque and private settings available in the Bear Lodge Mtns. It's a hidden gem at the end of the road with live water and bordering Natl Forest. The ranch is comprised of 1,160 deeded acres. The east side borders Natl Forest. A striking mixture of pine covered hills, steep canyons, aspen groves, high plateaus, unobstructed views, rolling meadows, creek bottoms and bur oak draws provide an exquisite landscape. Almost 2 miles of Lytle Creek runs through the ranch. Ranch buildings include a 3-bedroom home, hunter's cabin, several barns, machine shed & shop. The combination of majestic vistas, mountain scenery, live water and access to public lands make the Lytle Creek Ranch a place you'll want to enjoy for a lifetime. $3,480,000. Visit www.ArnoldRealty.com for more info or call Arnold Realty, Inc. 307-746-2083.
Direction: Contact listing broker Jim Pederson at Arnold Realty, Inc., 307-746-2083.
Directions: Contact listing broker Jim Pederson at Arnold Realty, Inc., 307-746-2083.


A mild spring, a warm summer and an early autumn produced beautifully ripe fruit. Rain in the late autumn encouraged a portion of beautiful noble botrytis in the grapes, giving this wine extra richness and concentration while still allowing it to clearly express its spectrum of beautiful varietal flavours.
The outcrop of land on which these grapes were grown consists largely of weathered stones and mineral rich gravels. These were shorn off New Zealand's Southern Alps by an ice-age glacier, which carried them down the valleys and deposited them in selected sites. The vineyard has warm days, but the nights are amongst the coolest in the Waipara Valley, which helps draw out the ripening period and retain good natural acidity. This individual terroir is especially suited to riesling.
After picking during May, the grapes were gently pressed. The juice was then fermented slowly at cool temperatures to help the wine retain its vibrant fruit characters and varietal purity. At all stages, from fermentation to bottling, it was handled very carefully to help it retain a little of its natural carbon dioxide. This provides additional crispness and may result in a small amount of spritzig when first poured.
The abundant aromas and flavours suggest white fleshed peaches, nectarines and citrus flowers and fruits, especially those of oranges, mandarins and limes. There are supporting hints jasmine and lychees. It is concentrated and mouth filling but yet elegant and poised with a core of tangy minerality and acidity that balance its off-dry finish and help draw out the lingering aftertaste.
Awarded Super Classic Status "This is classy stuff."
"…is a soft, rich, medium Riesling with exotic flavours of limes, honey and musk."
This distinctive style of Riesling is jam-packed with honey, tree fruit/apricot and orange marmalade flavours (among many others). . . .
"…This has developed some secondary nuance and is quite complete in expression. Medium in sweetness and medium-bodied, the palate is rich and harmoniously melded with concentrated flavours of yellow florals, citrus fruits and honey, along with subtle toasty nuances. The flavours are mouthfilling with a degree of opulence, but the wine is vibrant and lively with underlying, thirst-quenching acidity. The wine has concentration and follows a very fine line leading to a very long and sustained honied finish. This is a rich and harmonious medium Riesling with complex nuances, underlying vitality and a complete mouthfeel. . . ."
Bright, light lemon/green, with lovely poise and concentration. Showing real depth through the palate, it is peachy, slightly limey, and honeyed, with gentle sweetness, good acid spine, and a touch of bottle-aged complexity. Drink now or cellar.


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Stranger Things: Season 4 adds Robert Englund to the Cast!
Stranger Things Season 4 is underway as production has begun in Atlanta, Georgia. Keeping things exciting, Robert Englund, who famously portrayed Freddy Krueger, has been added to this season's cast.
Today, Netflix confirmed a bunch of new additions to the cast, some relatively unknown, others household names. Top of that list, as the headline has already given away, is horror film legend Robert Englund. Englund is known primarily for immortalizing Freddy Krueger in Wes Craven's original Nightmare On Elm Street and its subsequent sequels.
Englund is an excellent addition to the cast. For a show set in the 80's, there isn't a more iconic horror actor than Englund. It will be exiting to see how the show utilizes him and if it at all will reference Englund's films.
Recently, we also got some new set photos have arrived online which offer our first looks at a bunch of fan favorite characters in this new season. Filming kicked off back in February but was put on hold for six months in March due to the pandemic before recently starting up again.
The first image is interesting on a more character-based level, too, as it definitely looks like Steve has got his eye on the unknown girl leaving the store. He's been single since Nancy dumped him for Jonathan in Season 2, and though he eventually developed a crush on Robin in season 3, Steve's happy to be just friends with her now that he knows she's not interested in men.
In any case, Steve, Robin and Dustin made for a great team in season 3, though it was Lucas' sister Erica who tagged along with them that time, not Max.
In Season 3 of Stranger Things, Steve (Joe Keery) and Robin (Maya Hawke) had to look for new jobs after Starcourt Mall was destroyed and they were last seen applying at the Family Video store.
It seems like they were successful, too, as these set pics see the pair racing out of there, with their young friends Dustin (Gaten Matarazzo) and Max (Sadie Sink). Going by the way they're fleeing out of the place, it looks like something weird is happening in Hawkins, Indiana again and the gang needs to investigate fast.
🚨 STRANGER THINGS 4 BTS CONTENT FEAT. STEVE AND ROBIN THIS IS NOT A DRILL 🚨 pic.twitter.com/fwTq1qQe00
— 🎃 Ian 🎃 (@ianlovesfilm) October 21, 2020
Are you excited about the newest season of Stranger Things? Let us know in the comments below!


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Home > Entertainment
Check out the Best Books on Audible of 2022 — Plus, the Top Books of 2022
By Anna Garrison
Dec. 28 2022, Published 1:01 p.m. ET
As 2022 comes to a close, literary lovers everywhere are reflecting on their favorite (and least favorite) books of the year. For those perpetually seeking more books to add to their TBR or are always on the hunt for their next favorite book, Amazon's audiobook and podcast service Audible allows readers to listen along rather than holding physical or digital copies.
Check out Distractify's best Audible books of 2022 and top books to read in 2022. And if you're not getting to any of these books in 2022, don't worry! Reading more always counts as a New Year's resolution.
I'm Glad My Mom Died by Jennette McCurdy, narrated by Jennette McCurdy
Source: Simon & Schuster
The hottest celebrity memoir of the year, I'm Glad My Mom Died by Jennette McCurdy is about her growing up as a child star. While Jennette originally created I'm Glad My Mom Died as a one-woman show, its success in book format is further aided by her own narration of the story.
Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow by Gabrielle Zevin, narrated by Jennifer Kim, Julian Cihi
Source: Random House Audio
In the fictional sensation Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, two best friends, Sam Masur and Sadie Green, reconnect one day in Boston and embark on a partnership to develop a fantastical video game known as Ichigo. The book itself spans 30 years of friendship, heartache, connection, failure, technology, and the human experience.
The Sandman, Act III by Neil Gaiman, narrated by James McAvoy and more
An Audible original series, the audiobook version of The Sandman has an all-star cast including the voice talents of James McAvoy, K.J. Apa, Kat Dennings, Shruti Haasan, David Harewood, Regé-Jean Page, Kristen Schaal, Wil Wheaton, and many more. In Act III of the Sandman tale (based on the comics of the same name), Morpheus (McAvoy) embarks on more family business at the inn between all worlds.
Our Missing Hearts by Celeste Ng, narrated by Lucy Liu, Celeste Ng
Source: Penguin Audio
Our Missing Hearts follows 12-year-old Bird Gardner in a dystopia where his linguist father is now a librarian at a university. His mother, a Chinese American poet, left the family when he was 9. For decades, laws written to preserve "American culture" have governed the land, with authorities legally allowed to relocate family members of dissidents.
But when Bird discovers a clue to his mother's location, he embarks on a quest to find her once and for all.
The Maid by Nita Prose, narrated by Lauren Ambrose
Twenty-five-year-old Molly is used to her grandmother simplifying life's many complexities. When her Gran dies, Molly throws herself into work as a hotel maid. But one day, she enters the suite of the infamous Charles Black, only to find him dead in the bed. Suddenly the target of a police investigation, Molly ends up caught in a web of deception that can only be aided by the friends she meets along the way.
All My Rage by Sabaa Tahir, narrated by Deepti Gupta, Kamran R. Khan, Kausar Mohammed
Source: Listening Library
An inter-generational story of love and grief, All My Rage follows two points of view: Misbah, who is arranged to be married to Toufiq in Pakistan, only to later flee to the United States; and Salahudin, who lives in Juniper, Calif., with his best friend, Noor. Sal is the son of Misbah and is responsible for the upkeep of the family motel when his mother falls ill and his father falls into alcoholism.
Stay True by Hua Hsu, narrated by Hua Hsu
A memoir by New Yorker staff writer Hua Hsu, Stay True explores his 18-year-old self and friendship, grief, and the search for the self. When Hua's best friend, Ken, is killed in a carjacking, Hua turns to writing to hold close the memories of his late friend. A gripping coming-of-age story told in his own words, this is a memoir you won't want to miss!
Orgullo prieto [Dark-Skinned Pride] by Tenoch Huerta, narrated by Tenoch Huerta
Source: Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial S.A. de C.V.
In Black Panther: Wakanda Forever star Tenoch Huerta's Spanish-language memoir, he embarks on an anti-racist quest to refute myths about racism and colorism in Mexico. In a series of essays exploring discrimination through different social spheres, such as work, family, and social, Tenoch draws on his personal experiences for a powerful reading event in his own words.
The Paris Apartment by Lucy Foley, narrated by Clare Corbett and more
Source: HarperCollins Publishers
The Paris Apartment features the vocal talents of Clare Corbett, Daphne Kouma, Julia Winwood, Sope Dirisu, Sofia Zervudachi, and Charlie Anson to bring Lucy Foley's thriller to life. When down-on-her-luck Jess convinces her half-brother Ben to crash in his Paris apartment, she knows he's not thrilled about having a roommate. But when she arrives, Ben isn't there at all. As Jess begins to dig into her brother's past, she begins to suspect his neighbors of something far more sinister.
Local Woman Missing by Mary Kubica, narrated by Brittany Pressley and more
Source: Harlequin Enterprises, Limited
Narrated by Brittany Pressley, Jennifer Jill Araya, Gary Tiedemann, and Jesse Vilinsky, Local Woman Missing is a twisty thriller following a series of disappearances in a suburban neighborhood. After Shelby Tebow goes missing, Meredith Dickey and her 6-year-old daughter, Delilah, vanish as well. But when Delilah returns 11 years later, the community wants to know what happened to her — even if the result surprises them.
Liberation Day by George Saunders, narrated by George Saunders and more
MacArthur "Genius Grant" and Booker Prize winner ' collection of nine short stories in Liberation Day is narrated by not only George himself but many high-profile narrators such as Tina Fey, Michael McKean, Edi Patterson, Jenny Slate, Jack McBrayer, Melora Hardin, and Stephen Root.
These are the top books to read of 2022.
If you couldn't get enough of these audiobooks, here are some of the other top books of 2022:
Fairy Tale by Stephen King
Lessons in Chemistry by Bonnie Garmus
The Light We Carry by Michelle Obama
Remarkably Bright Creatures by Shelby Van Pelt
The Boys From Biloxi by John Grisham
Demon Copperhead by Barbara Kingsolver
Mad Honey by Jodi Picoult
Babel, Or the Necessity of Violence: An Arcane History of the Oxford Translators' Revolution by R.F. Kuang
Carrie Soto is Back by Taylor Jenkins Reid
Kick off the New Year With These January 2023 New Book Releases
Enjoy Spooky Season Year-Round With These 5 Young-Adult Horror Books
Get Cozy With These December 2022 New Book Releases
Latest Entertainment News and Updates


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Evil Queen/Hag - Snow White. . HD Wallpaper and background images in the Disney Villains club tagged: disney villain villains wallpaper evil queen hag queen snow white and the seven dwarfs snow white.
This Disney Villains wallpaper might contain anime, truyện tranh, phim hoạt hình, and manga.


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A presidential year without a statewide initiative to the people? A first since 1928 in Washington.
NWNews | By Austin Jenkins,
Austin Jenkins
Published July 2, 2020 at 5:07 PM PDT
NW News Network
In this file photo from 2018, anti-tax activist Tim Eyman holds a news conference after dropping off petitions for his last car tab reduction ballot measure.
For the first time since Herbert Hoover won the presidency nearly a century ago, the state of Washington won't have a statewide initiative to the people on the November ballot in a presidential election year.
At the Secretary of State's office, the 5 p.m. Thursday deadline to submit 259,622 valid voter signatures to qualify an initiative came and went quietly. No campaigns made an appointment to drop off petitions, according to a spokesperson.
A review of Washington's initiative history reveals that not since 1928 has the November ballot been bereft of an initiative to the people in a year when voters were electing a president.
While not quite as dramatic, Oregon voters may see the fewest ballot measures in half a century with just two statewide initiatives and two measures referred by the Legislature, according to Oregon Public Broadcasting. Already, a measure to make Oregon the first state to decriminalize small amounts of drugs like heroin and cocaine and fund drug treatment has qualified. A separate measure to allow the therapuetic use of psilocybin mushrooms in clinical settings could also qualify for the ballot. A third measure to create a new redistricting committee was not expected to muster enough signatures by Thursday's deadline.
Washington and Oregon are among 14 states that allow direct initiatives to the people without first going to the Legislature, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. Two additional states, Alaska and Wyoming, allow direct initiatives, but only after the Legislature has adjourned for the year.
In Washington, the last non-presidential, even-election year without a statewide initiative to the people was 1986 and 2017 was the last odd-year election year without one.
This year it wasn't for lack of ideas. More than 120 initiatives were filed with the Secretary of State's office in 2020. In many cases, the same sponsor filed multiple versions of the same initiative and dozens were later withdrawn leaving 46 proposed initiatives in the end. Their topics ranged from property tax relief to gun rights to a mandate that public schools teach art.
Qualifying an initiative to the people is no easy feat and typically requires a small army of paid signature gatherers. That means campaigns have to be well funded. Yet, fundraising totals posted to the state's Public Disclosure Commission website reveal that no statewide initiative to the people raised substantial sums this year.
Adding to the challenge this year was the coronavirus pandemic, which presented a unique challenge to in-person signature gathering. Gone were signature-rich large gatherings, like sporting events and festivals, that signature gatherers depend upon to fill their petition sheets.
The situation has prompted some discussion of whether the Secretary of State's office should allow electronic signatures to qualify. A spokesperson, Kylee Zabel, said Thursday the office had not taken a position on the practice, but continues to advise campaigns to obtain handwritten signatures. As for whether electronically-submitted signatures would be accepted, Zabel said: "We cannot speculate until actual petitions are submitted and reviewed."
Historically, the initiative process in Washington has been used by citizens, wealthy individuals and special interests to bring about major changes that the Legislature was either unwilling or not ready to address.
In recent years, Washington voters have approved ballot measures that beefed up gun laws, banned local soda taxes and boosted enforcement of wildlife trafficking.
Initiatives to the people have also brought about sweeping changes, including Washington's Death with Dignity Act in 2008, privatized liquor sales in 2011 and hikes in the minimum wage in 2016. The state's 2012 vote to legalize recreational marijuana began as an initiative to the Legislature.
But 2020 seemed to lack any single animating issue or deep-pocketed interest with the ability to fund a successful petition drive -- with one notable exception.
In early June, opponents of mandatory sexual education in schools submitted a record number of signatures to qualify a referendum to the November ballot. Referendum measures are different from statewide initiatives to the people in that they require half the signatures to qualify for the ballot, but those signatures have to be gathered in a much shorter period of time.
Referendum 90 seeks to overturn a bill that passed the Legislature earlier this year that would require every public school in the state to provide comprehensive sexual health education for all grades by the 2022-23 school year.
"The grassroots and community response to this effort was extraordinary – especially considering the state was essentially closed down at the time," said Mindie Wirth, the measure's sponsor, in a press release at the time.
For decades, Washington's initiative process has been used by professional initiative promoter Tim Eyman to try to foil legislative efforts to raise taxes and to reduce the cost of vehicle registration fees. This year, though, Eyman has other priorities. His successful 2019 initiative to slash car tabs, I-976, is the subject of an ongoing court challenge. Eyman is also running for governor as a Republican.
"Our focus [this year] was just defending the $30 tabs initiative and obviously, for me, running for governor at the same time," Eyman said.
Eyman is also embroiled in a long-running campaign finance case brought by the attorney general's office.
For 2021, Eyman has filed two versions of an initiative to the Legislature titled "We Don't Want An Income Tax." But the deadline to submit signatures for that effort isn't until December 31.
Also notably missing from this year's ballot is the Washington Alliance for Gun Responsibility which passed statewide gun control measures in 2014, 2016 and 2018.
It was thought the group might run an initiative this year to limit gun magazine capacity after the Legislature failed to pass similar legislation earlier this year. However, Kristen Ellingboe, a spokesperson for the Alliance, said Thursday that instead of filing an initiative, her organization decided to try again to pass the bill in the Legislature in 2021.
"We were very hopeful that we were going to get high capacity magazines across the finish line this session and really think it's the responsibility of legislators to act, to legislate and we were really clear about that," said Kristen Ellingboe. "We will be back next year with it."
Reporting contributed by Dirk VanderHart of Oregon Public Broadcasting.
Since January 2004, Austin Jenkins has been the Olympia-based political reporter for the Northwest News Network. In that position, Austin covers Northwest politics and public policy as well as the Washington State legislature. You can also see Austin on television as host of TVW's (the C–SPAN of Washington State) Emmy-nominated public affairs program "Inside Olympia." Prior to joining the Northwest News Network, Austin worked as a television reporter in Seattle, Portland and Boise. Austin is a graduate of Garfield High School in Seattle and Connecticut College in New London, Connecticut. Austin's reporting has been recognized with awards from the Association of Capitol Reporters and Editors, Public Radio News Directors Incorporated and the Society of Professional Journalists.
See stories by Austin Jenkins
Since January 2004, Austin Jenkins has been the Olympia-based political reporter for the Northwest News Network. In that position, Austin covers Northwest politics and public policy, as well as the Washington State Legislature. You can also see Austin on television as host of TVW's (the C–SPAN of Washington State) Emmy-nominated public affairs program "Inside Olympia."


text:
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For 25 years, Galactic has been on a nonstop tour
By Ronnie Littlejohn
In 1990, two childhood friends from Chevy Chase, Md., guitarist Jeff Raines and bassist Robert Mercurio, moved to New Orleans to attend university. During college, they fell in love with the local funk, jazz and R&B scenes and looked to form their own band.
In New Orleans, they hooked up with organist Richard Vogel, saxophonists Ben Ellman and Jason Mingledorff, drummer Stanton Moore and vocalist Theryl DeClouet, a.k.a. House Man. They called themselves Galactic.
Drawing upon the vibrant traditions of New Orleans, they've built a loyal following with their brand of funk, jazz, rock and electronic music, with influences from legends like The Meters and the Dirty Dozen Brass Band.
The band parted ways with their vocalist in 2004 due to health issues, and they continued as an instrumental group with high-profile guest vocalists like Irma Thomas, Trombone Shorty and Glen David Andrews. Galactic has been releasing albums and touring consistently since 1996.
Robert Mercurio joined us in the Gumbo Kitchen for a chat.
Scroll to the bottom if you'd like to listen to the full audio of the interview.
Ivan Neville shares his stories of Keith Richards, James Booker and more
For Irma Thomas, New Orleans is on her side
When you got to New Orleans, were you already in love with the music, or did that happen once you got there?
Truthfully, it happened when we got here. We were somewhat familiar with New Orleans music, but it was still pretty much a regional music. It wasn't as prevalent as George Clinton, P-Funk, James Brown, stuff like that. We had started getting into that kind of music in our later high-school years, then when we moved to New Orleans it was an eyeopening experience to figure out that there was so much regional music. It was so vast, from the brass bands and Professor Longhair to the uptown Meters, Neville Brothers funk stuff. I fell in love with all of it. It was really awesome for us to move to a town where we could go out and see this music. It was all being created nightly.
You guys have been touring for about as long as I can remember. It seems like you're constantly on the road.
Yeah, we've been touring for 25 years, which is kind of crazy. We jokingly put on one of our first tour posters, "Nonstop national tour." It kind of feels like that — 25 years of a nonstop tour.
In 2004, your singer House Man left the band. Did you think at that point, maybe that's it, we're done?
That definitely went through our minds. We had toured at that point for eight years with Theryl and had made three or four records. It did seem like a definitive point. We had always been an instrumental band first, so we just decided to continue doing it as an instrumental band. We did that for two or three years, and then we were like, "We can't ever find a replacement for Theryl," and at that point decided to make this record involving a bunch of emcees and rappers that we had fallen in love with over the years. We put together this record From the Corner to the Block, and it has a bunch of guests. At that point, we decided to start touring with some of these rappers. That opened the door for us to continually bring in new special guests to tour and record with us.
What I find really interesting is how Galactic started as an instrumental group, and one of the groups you admired was The Meters, who of course were the rhythm section for so many incredible artists. And now here you guys are doing just that. You look on the stage and there's Cyril Neville, Irma Thomas, Trombone Shorty. It's pretty incredible, isn't it.
You're correct that we definitely based ourselves off stuff like that — The Meters, Booker T. & the MG's. We learned a lot of that music and were really attracted to that sound and vibe. It's kind of worked out like that, where we've become somewhat of a rhythm section that can co-write and produce and work with different vocalists and stars. I don't know if we intentionally set out to do that, but we definitely have ended up there.
What was it like working with Glen David Andrews?
He's such a kook, man. I love that guy. He's extremely unpredictable, full of energy, and he's one of the most unique guys in New Orleans. He really does sum up the city in his approach. We worked with him on that song You Don't Know from Ya-Ka-May, and then Ben and I ended up writing and producing a song for him called NY to Nola. He's such a character.
Finding your 'profound space' with Chandrika Tandon and Kenny Werner
Playlist: Soul Nation – October 15, 2019
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Passed away peacefully on April 10, 2019 at the age of 90. Working as an optician, Don retired after working with Imperial Optical and Metzler. Devoted husband of Mary for 64 years, Don is also survived by children Nada, Gord and grandchildren Jamie and Corey. A memorial service will be held on Monday, April 15, 2019 at Turner & Porter Neweduk-Erin Mills Chapel, 1981 Dundas St W. A viewing is scheduled from 10:00 to 11:00 a.m. followed by a short service at 11:00. In lieu of flowers, remembrances may be made to Prostate Cancer Canada. A celebratory gathering of friends will be held following the service.


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Colletes inuncantipedis är en biart som beskrevs av Neff 2004. Colletes inuncantipedis ingår i släktet sidenbin, och familjen korttungebin. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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US reaches consensus with Sudan on 'contours' of future claims deal
Friday May 22 2020
Tibor Nagy, the US Assistant Secretary of State for Africa, speaks during a news conference on the case of Sudan, in the US Embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on June 14, 2019. PHOTO | REUTERS
• US State Department's top diplomat for Africa says final agreement will reflect Sudan's agreement to pay.
The United States and Sudan have reached a common understanding on the "contours" of a future bilateral claims agreement linked to the 1998 al Qaeda bombings of US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, the US State Department's top diplomat for Africa said on Thursday.
"This final agreement will reflect Sudan's agreement to pay. It would include compensation in connection with claims relating also to non US nationals killed and injured in the embassy bombings," Tibor Nagy, assistant secretary for African Affairs, told a teleconference.
His comments come days after the US Supreme Court ruled that the African nation cannot avoid punitive damages in lawsuits accusing it of complicity in the 1998 al Qaeda bombings that killed 224 people.
The ruling reinstates about $826 million out of a total $4.3 billion in punitive damages, said Christopher Curran, a lawyer representing Sudan.
Nagy did not mention a specific amount for the compensations but said those details were being worked out.
"We have discussed obviously numbers with the parties involved, but in no way can we make those public yet," he added.
The issue is a key component of efforts between the United States and Sudan to normalize relations after decades of antagonism. Both countries pledged to improve ties after the fall of veteran Islamist ruler Omar al-Bashir in an uprising a year ago.


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Buy NZ lamb to save planet – UN
British farmers have been quiet about food miles since research began to show that meat produced here had a smaller carbon footprint than theirs in spite of the distant it travels to market.
That has now been backed up by a United Nations study which produced the headline of the week in the Daily Mail:
Buy New Zealand lamb to save the planet, say UN scientists – because British farming methods produce twice as much greenhouse gas:
British shops should sell New Zealand lamb rather than homegrown meat if they want to help protect the environment, experts have claimed.
The suggestion, likely to outrage British farmers, comes after a study found the amount of man-made greenhouse gases from food production is twice as much as previously estimated.
Growing food for sheep, cows and pigs takes up far more land and emits more greenhouse gases than producing crops for human consumption.
And some methods produce more harmful gases than others, they said.
The study claims Britain, for instance, would be better off importing lamb from New Zealand which has been produced more efficiently than on its own farms. . .
This could be used as an argument for going vegetarian but a lot of land which is suitable for grazing animals isn't suitable for cropping.
The report doesn't go into the environmental and economic impact or animal welfare concerns of killing all the farm animals if their pasture was converted to crop land.
A media release on the report from the Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers (CGIAR) says:
. . . While previous studies have looked at the contribution of agriculture to emissions, Climate Change and Food Systems assesses the entire food system's emissions "footprint"—in total somewhere between a fifth and third of the greenhouse gases emitted by people on this planet. This figure accounts for every aspect of food production and distribution—including growing crops and raising livestock, manufacturing fertilizer, and storing, transporting and refrigerating food. Agriculture accounts for around 80 percent of these emissions, but the combined contribution of transport, refrigeration, consumer practices and waste management is growing. . .
Crops also need fertiliser, storage, transport and refrigeration and contribute to waste.
However, the report does vindicate those of us who say that bringing agriculture into the ETS when none of our competitors are faced with similar penalties would do no good.
It would impose costs on what the UN recognises as very efficient food production and provide a perverse incentive for farming in other countries with less efficient systems.
This entry was posted on Saturday, November 3rd, 2012 at 7:00 am and is filed under business, Farming, food, rural.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
42 Responses to Buy NZ lamb to save planet – UN
robertguyton says:
I believe this is an incorrect statement. It depends very much upon what you think of when you think "crop". If you have been to Asia, you'll have noticed that very steep land can be "cropped" intensively and sustainably. The systems they use could be applied in NZ by inventive and far-sighted farmers here.
homepaddock says:
We've seen a little of that here where grapes have replaced sheep in some parts of Central and North Otago and Canterbury.
But it's not just the steepness of the land but the climate and type and quality of the soil which dictates what can be grown well. Availability and cost of labour are also a consideration.
Fairfacts Media says:
Yet another nail in the coffin of the eco-fascists.
All along they have got it wrong.
From the biofuels that destroys rainforest and causes starvation, to the windmills (whose raw materials pollute China) and kill birds and destroy countryside, yet offer little or no carbon saving.
Warmism is nothing but a con, demanding government intervention, a protection of vested interests and taxpayer support.
It confirms the Greens are nothing but watermelons and eco-fascists for supportuing such nonsense when these warmist policies are so damaging and contradictory.
Perhaps I should have said, a lot of land that is "suitable for grazing animals" isn't suitable for grazing animals, just as a lot of rivers that are "suitable for trout" aren't suitable for trout.
This statement from you is nonsense also, Ele,
" The report doesn't go into the environmental and economic impact or animal welfare concerns of killing all the farm animals if their pasture was converted to crop land."
No-one, except those clowns Slater and Farrar, are so dim as to believe that animals would be slaughtered en masse were a change to be sought over land-use. Clearly, herds and flocks would be reduced by attrition and animals not replaced by breeding more or buying in. That sort of scaremongery from you weakens you argument immensely.
Where exactly in the report does the UN describe NZ as having a very efficient food production system? Grain fed British lamb may have twice the carbon footprint of pasture fed NZ lamb, that doesn't justify keeping agriculture as a whole out of the ETS.
If you changed from pastoral farming to cropping by attrition you'd almost certainly go broke in the process.
Would anyone be concerned that farm animals would become endangered species? We might then see campaigns to save the sheep.
I haven't time to find the relevant quote (am making meringues – 400 down, 300 to go). But the Daily Mail to which I link above says: "The study claims Britain, for instance, would be better off importing lamb from New Zealand which has been produced more efficiently than on its own farms."
Wow that's a lot of meringues! Makes the 3 dozen muffins I should be doing look pretty lame. The Daily mail is not a greatly reliable reference source in my opinion. Apart from zooming round on quads, sheep farmers do appear to have a fairly low carbon footprint. I see the new substations needed for the power to run the irrigation schemes for dairy farms, I know diesel milk tankers drive millions of kms a week, I hear Fonterra has it's own coal mine, it wants to use fossil fuel to run the plants that make milk powder. If this is a very efficient food production system, then I'm worried
Viv's point about Fonterra's use of coal is a very good one. The enormous amounts of electricity required also. Furthermore, the rapidly escalating quantities of imported feeds for cattle is changing the 'food miles' formula. It may suit to highlight the lamb 'report' but when the spotlight falls on milk, it ain't going to reveal a pretty picture.
The conversion from stock to crop would not be the crisis you claim, Ele. Farmers and croppers are clever people. They'd find a way.
Aaron Meikle (@AaronJMeikle) says:
The original "Food Miles" comparison report can be found here: http://www.lincoln.ac.nz/documents/2328_rr285_s13389.pdf
Lamb production comparison is on page 92
NZ dairy production was also found, in that report, to be more efficient than that of the UK – page 61
No figures for methane, nitrous oxide and none for coal use?
Nevertheless, it's good news that those industries are better than those in the UK. Could be though, that theirs is very, very bad and ours only very bad. Efficiency is a relative term, whereas climate disruption/degradation could be disastrous, whether arrived at quickly or very quickly.
TraceyS says:
But do these countries have the same problem with gorse that we have in many parts of New Zealand? Grazing animals are an integral part of managing the problem. And if you're trying to farm organically you haven't got a shit show of keeping on top of it without sheep.
Have you ever personally tried to grow a crop, cereal for example, on marginal land in a marginal climate? We have. One year we harvested 10t of barley off a small block – enough to feed our chickens for two years. This was lovely and made us 'feel' very self-sufficient. But the next year the crop failed entirely because it was too wet. Gone back to animals. Suppose we're just not inventive and far sighted enough! But there are big, real, practical differences between ideology and reality.
'Farming organically' doesn't preclude using grazing animals for gorse control, Tracey. I grow lots of crops in what many might consider a marginal climate – I live on the south coast of the South island 🙂 Your second experience at growing barley was unsuccessful you say, and that was disappointing, but there are other crops that chickens will eat, crops that aren't as fickle as the modern barley. Don't give up on inventiveness and far-sightedness! Get back on that horse. Also, don't put all your eggs in one basket. That's a useful proverb.
cecilia says:
Very good post and brilliant feedback from your commenters.. an enormous subject, i have a tiny farm in the middle of the corn belt in the midwest, i am from NZ. all i know is that out here if i want to eat good food I have to grow it .. so I do.. we eat like kings.. eating imported food sounds crazy! c
Captain Fantastic says:
Cropping leads inevitably to depletion of the soils faster. Losses from wind erosion, it hammers earthworms, requires huge amounts of nitrate, (in Southland this fact has not been understood yet), chemical applications, (there are serious doubts about the safety of some "safe" chemicals). Animal production builds soil.
The most dangerous thing to contemplate is serious decisions being made by control freaks who think that they know all the answers and want to rule everyone, yet are inexperienced, know little or are driven by odd philosophy or bees in their bonnets.
What nonsense, Captain Fantastic. Perhaps the 'cropping' you are familiar with leads to those environmental degradations but that just shows that those conventional practices are poor. Sustainable cropping has been practiced for thousands of years in some parts of the world to no adverse effect – all it takes is a different approach to that taken here in New Zealand. You are making claims from a position of ignorance, in my opinion.
Well thats your opinion. I haven't got time but have a look at Google searching "wind erosion in New Zealand". In my book soil is valuable and irreplacable. Go figure.
"Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge" (Darwin). Robert you come across as more confident but yet you don't seem to listen to those who have experience. You can't just take one system and overlay it upon another and expect everything to work hunky-dory. If it were that easy we'd all be doing it already. I love the idea of those Asian terraced systems and that "looks" like it could work on our steep farm. But where is the cheap labour going to come from? Or else who is going to be able to afford the expensive produce? What about the regulatory system – will it be on your side if you need to build dams or other structures in order to innovate? It's a romantic vision, but not realistic.
Opinions are what blogs are for, Captain. It's a shame you can't find the time to research serious issues like erosion. I do. That said, your 'soil is valuable' chapter is in my book also! Your 'and irreplaceable' bit is confusing though, given that you said: "Animal production builds soil." I guess it is possible to replace lost soil, yes?
I seem to come across as "more confident", Tracey? Should I instead go for a more "apologetic" delivery, as befits someone from a minority group? Your opening quote implies that you think I am ignorant. I believe I know what I'm talking about and contrary to your claim that I don't listen to those who have experience, I am busy discussing these matters with farmers and growers on a regular basis. I'm not without experience myself either and wonder if you have had any experience with farming systems other than the conventional. You say " If it were that easy we'd all be doing it already. " but I find that to be nonsense. Firstly, I didn't say it would be easy, I said it would not be the crisis Ele claims it would be. There's a difference. Secondly, taking the easy route is often not the best way. Fossil fuel availability makes conventional farming easy, but has serious long-term downsides, not the least being the ruination of the climate that enables successful farming. Urea is 'easy' but not sustainable. Just look at the nitrate issues it has already created. The reliance on the 'easy' makes us complacent.
Ploughing is just one aspect that illustrates the differences in our (plus that of captain F.). Fossil fuels enable mass ploughing, mass ploughing exposes huge areas of soil to be exposed to the sun and wind, both of which 'steal' soil. A more careful regime prevents that. I'm proposing more careful regimes and you claim I'm romanticising and CF says I have an odd philosophy. You both sound hide-bound.
Robert, one of the reasons NZ is more successful is lack of subsidies that sustains European agriculture. As for your Asian example, yes, very impressed when I was in Hong Kong. But quickly realised that it was farming for subsistence. Quite a different story here.
Richard, yes, that is one of the reasons. As for Asian agricultural practices, I'm not promoting them per se, I was saying that there are other ways of managing marginal land and Asia has many of them. NZ agriculturalists will develop their own. We don't have to stay stuck in conventional/historical patterns. This idea is being poo-pooed here. I suspect fear is behind the reticence to discuss alternatives.
Animal production puts humus in soil. Hence "builds soil." Not really a joke, but a fact. Soil is sand, silt & clay. The essential ingredient is the organic matter. The carbon bit .It is the carbon that makes the difference between desert & soil. Quite frankly paddy fields and terraces anr not for NZ.
Eating imported food might sound crazy but not everything grows everywhere and some things grow better in other places than close to home.
Roger Barton says:
Do paddy fields produce methane? If so how does this fit alongside the asian countries contribution to Global warming? Do they account for it and are they meeting their obligations?
I note Bruce Wills recent comments that none of his extensive plantings are taken into account regarding carbon credits. Likewise none of our 243 hectares of QE2 makes any acknowledged contribution. 13 ha we developed out of rocks some years ago can now be soil tested with a 4 inch core soil testing tool where as in the inital stages we had to secure a soil sample with the use of a crowbar. Just proves that livestock and prudent pasture management can enhance soil carbon… not that we bother accounting for it on a national basis… too busy telling ourselves that we are doing nothing!
Oh I know, I try so hard not to but sometimes a pineapple or a banana calls to me and coffee how could we do without coffee. !
But what's the problem with trade? The people who sell pineapples, bananas and coffee can't eat all they produce, we can't produce those things at all so buy from them. We produce some things they can't and they buy from us.
But what's the problem with trade…?
Are you genuinely unaware of the criticisms of the kind of trade we have now, Ele? Unaware of what the arguments are?
Quite frankly, no-one suggested they were. From that (rice) straw, you built a man!
Animals great and small 'build soil'. They don't have to be cloven-hoofed – fact.
you are right.. thats why i would never contemplate doing without coffee.. c
Roger – National have made a complete balls-up of the carbon trading opportunities for New Zealand foresters and for that they should be ashamed.
Not unaware but the criticisms I've seen are long on emotion and short on fact.
Then you've not looked dispassionately at the question of trade, free trade, fair trade and so on, Ele. There are very well considered essays that you'd benefit from studying. The present system is not the only valid way and is in many ways just like the Government's approach to monetary policy – myopic and out-of-step with modern thinking. The Green proposals around necessary change have provoked much-needed debate and revealed National's 'quaint' beliefs for what they are 🙂
Your example of ploughing is not a very good one. Ploughing, done properly, just turns over the turf and allows the plant matter on top to rot down quickly underneath thereby building up organic matter. I think you might be referring to the processes that happen after ploughing. But that just proves my point – we're all ignorant to a degree Robert. It's just that some people cannot see it so well in themselves. People who have greater knowledge also tend to know the boundaries of their own ignorance better and therefore, are less confident. That is what Darwin meant. "Discussing" is not the same as thing as "listening". Better still would be to have a go a conventional farming yourself and then try and change it from that position. That way you would be having to confront ALL the issues head-on. Such as Ele suggested, trying to stay profitable through the transition. I don't actually have a lot of direct conventional farming experience. Came to it late and challenge everything we do with a very open mind. In the end you get to realise that a mix of different systems is necessary. Therefore I'd love to hear in detail the "careful regimes" you are proposing along with how this could work as a business model.
Tracey – ploughing exposes soil to the air and sunlight. Immediately that happens, ultravoilet light begins to oxidise the carbon that has accumulated in the soil and changes it to gas, which naturally enough, leaves. This depletes the soil of carbon and carbon in soil is a very good thing. Losing it is not. I don't see how you can think that ploughing soil is not a good example of what I was trying to say. Again with the 'ignorant', Tracey! Goodness, seems you think I'm thick as batshit!
Sorry – wasn't being facecious. I am genuinely interested in what your alternative proposals are for a "more careful regime". Happy to admit I have a lot to learn to reduce my own level of ignorance!
Rabbits build soil to do they RG? I'd be happy to run animals other than cloven hoofed ones if it was a means of paying my rates and earning an income. This old bit of riverbed I refered to in my earlier post is a bit unforgiving but does livestock production quite well now. LOTS of lime and even earthworm transplants in the early days. That should appeal to you Robert!
Robert @ 3:57 – if it's not free trade it's not fair trade.
Ele – nonsense. Free trade is not fair trade.
Free trade might not be fair to the politicians and bureaucrats who wield power through trade restrictions but it's fair to producers and consumers.
The key to sustainable agriculture, Tracey, is biodiversity. Is biodiversity top of your priority list?
LOVE NEW ZEALAND LAMB <3 | THE WANDERING GYPSY says:
[…] Buy NZ lamb to save planet – UN (homepaddock.wordpress.com) […]


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This is the line in the Australian national anthem that I've always loved.
Australia is a highly multicultural nation. From our earliest days of white settlement and gold rush, Australia has been a melting pot of different nationalities.
The English, Irish, Scottish were the first to make their new home here. As history tells us, they were the original boat people, and the people who were already here were treated most unjustly by them. Since then, French, German, Maltese, Italian, Greek, Dutch, Indonesian, Vietnamese, Lebanese, Kiwi and countless others have made Australia their home. More recently, there have been significant numbers from South Africa, Sudan, Timor, Afghanistan, and Iran.
All have come to Australia to make a new start. It's a land of hope, opportunity, temperate weather, and good natured people. It's a fantastic place to live.
However, it seems that we're just not that welcoming anymore… officially, at least. Recently, the Australian government excised the whole of the continent – that's right, the entire nation – from the migration zone, in an effort to deter people from going into enormous debt to get on a leaky boat and sail here from Indonesia as asylum seekers.
What that means is that nobody who sails here, flies here, or swims here fuelled by sheer determination can actually ask for asylum from whatever messed up, conflict-ravaged nation that they've come from.
That's right. The Australian Government hung out the virtual "NO VACANCY" sign. If they could find a way to fill it with neon and make it flash, they would.
Yesterday, the Australian Government sank even lower.
Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, announced yesterday afternoon that anyone who actually does make it here, having risked their lives on a leaky boat from Indonesia or anywhere else, will never be allowed to settle in Australia. Instead, they will be sent to Papua New Guinea.
Papua New Guinea is one of Australia's nearest neighbours. While many of its people are peace-loving and friendly, it's sad to acknowledge that it is a nation that is conflicted and suffering significant poverty.
It's hard to imagine how sending thousands of refugees there to be settled is going to help anyone, especially when they are already fleeing from other war-torn nations. It's certainly hard to see how that's going to improve anything in PNG.
Australia signed the UN Refugee Convention. Australia is currently a member of the UN Security Council.
And yet, Australia is avoiding her responsibilities to the rest of the world because those in leadership can't think of any other way to put the people smugglers out of business.
My suggestion? Open an agency in Indonesia, in refugee camps, wherever there are people who want to come to Australia. Let them register and apply, have their identity and bona fides confirmed, and bring them over. That will put the people smugglers out of business, without question.
Let every asylum seeker be judged on their individual circumstances. If they genuinely need a new home, let them come to Australia. Let them settle in the community, learn the language, get jobs, become Australian citizens, and help Australia to prosper and flourish like the majority of migrants who have come here before have done. They may be asylum seekers, but their children will be Australian, just like all the children of all the migrants and refugees that have come before them.
This latest policy is morally bankrupt.
It makes me angry at the Australian government and ashamed that they are so lacking in compassion and understanding, and it makes me so incredibly sad for the people who just want to come here and live in peace. Haven't they been through enough already?
It's ironic that the Prime Minister who apologised to the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people for the way the white settlers treated them for two hundred years is also the same one who has introduced this dreadful policy. I wonder if there will ever be an official apology for that, or if the heartfelt apologies of the Australians who disagree with it will have to suffice.
Our leaders just don't care.


text:
Gunners will go the distance this time says ex-Arsenal striker
Published: 5:17 PM November 4, 2009 Updated: 1:27 PM October 14, 2020
Former Arsenal striker Paul Mariner has backed his old club to take the Premier League title race to the wire. But he fears Chelsea remain the team to beat, with Carlo Ancelotti s side due to visit the Emirates later this month. Mariner returned to Englan
Former Arsenal striker Paul Mariner has backed his old club to take the Premier League title race to the wire.
But he fears Chelsea remain the team to beat, with Carlo Ancelotti's side due to visit the Emirates later this month.
Mariner returned to England last week after 13 years in America to take up the post of head coach at his first club Plymouth Argyle, where he is still a legend.
Arsenal, however, remains on his radar after he made 80 appearances in the mid-1980s, netting nearly once every four games.
"There's a maturity about the side this season," he tells Ham&High Sport.
"I watched Cesc Fabregas last week (against Tottenham) and he was excellent, but however talented he is, I have also been very impressed with Abou Diaby and Alex Song, because those guys allow him to play his own game.
"Those two have been incredible."
Mariner admires the impressive manner in which Arsene Wenger's young squad have performed in the first two months of the season - defying the critics with a string of high-scoring performances.
"The thing to remember," says Mariner, who also earned 35 caps for England and scored 13 times for his country, "is that lots of people were saying Arsenal could be knocked out of the top four this season.
"But it is clear that is extremely unlikely. They have responded brilliantly and are playing so well.
"Fabregas has clearly grown in stature and I also have to mention Thomas Vermaelen who has been simply outstanding from his first game onwards - what a great signing by Wenger."
But can they win the title?
"They have a very good chance. I think this side will go close, maybe closer than some expect, but looking at Chelsea I think they will be the team to beat. They have been relentless and have a very strong, experienced squad."
Despite more than a decade coaching in the US, most recently a five-year spell in New England, Mariner has kept abreast of developments at a club which, on the outside, has changed in all recognition since he departed Highbury in 1986.
"I actually know (new Arsenal chief executive) Ivan Gazidis well from his days in Major League Soccer, while I have also kept in touch with so many of my old friends from Arsenal," he adds.
"Despite the new stadium and everything else that has happened, one of the club's main strengths is its continuity.
"People like Liam Brady are still there. Ex-players remain within the club in some way. People like Ken Friar still work for the club.
"We had a smashing group of lads in my time there. I still speak with people like Viv Anderson, Charlie Nicholas and Tony Adams. David Dein remains in touch.
"I went to watch them play Portsmouth at Emirates a couple of years ago and they sorted me out with tickets and treated me so well. I was also supposed to catch up with Tony Woodcock that day...I met a great bunch of guys there and we'll remain friends for life."
Mariner also says Arsenal's class remains intact: "People ask me why Arsenal is so special. I remember my debut for the club was at Manchester United," he recalls.
"At Ipswich I'd been used to a couple of beers and a steak and kidney pie on the team coach - well, when I stepped on the Arsenal coach it was all silver service and afternoon tea. Even the training kit at London Colney was heated up for us on cold days ...that, for me, sums the club up. "
His return to Plymouth may not be quite as glamorous, but, now aged 56, Mariner says his second spell in the port city has, so far, been "an absolute dream".
"Devon is a sensational part of the world and it has been just been wonderful to come back," says Mariner, who left Home Park in 1976 for Ipswich before later moving to Highbury.
"Plymouth is bidding to be part of England's World Cup 2018 bid and has impressive plans.
"I have also been coaching in Japan as well for the past 15 years each summer and have many contacts so Plymouth asked me to be a global ambassador, which I was delighted to do.
"Then Paul Sturrock (Plymouth manager) was making changes in his backroom team and I met him for a chat.
"It was meant to be an hour but we talked for seven and got on like a house on fire. It's been great.
"In football you go where the work is, it is the nature of the game. I spoke to my wife and she said I had to do it. It's early days but I'm just so happy to be here.
"In all honesty, it feels like I've never been away... it's been great to come home.


text:
Charting the Course
China reviews the year gone by and sets new goals accordingly
UPDATED: March 18, 2015 NO. 12 MARCH 19, 2015
The Rise of a New Species
Soaring labor cost catalyzes the large-scale utilization of industrial robots
By Deng Yaqing
ROUTINE CHECK: The first substation inspection robot, which can move along the magnetic lines of force laid underground, was put into use in Yuhang District, Hangzhou, on February 11 (XU YU)
He argued that, though capable of producing robots, many Chinese robot manufacturers are not sophisticated in complicated system development.
"Application systems represent not only technological strength, but also high profits," said Wang.
Aside from the sluggish development of application systems, a complete robotic manufacturing chain has not yet come to fruition in China.
"Even leading Chinese robot manufacturers like Siasun have to buy core components and parts from foreign enterprises, such as reducers, electrical machines and bearings," said Lu Jilian, a retired professor from the BIT's Intelligent Robot Institute.
According to Wang's calculation, Chinese robot manufacturers purchase 80-90 percent of their reducers, 60-70 percent of electrical machines, and 40-50 percent of controllers from their foreign counterparts.
"That is to say, what Chinese enterprises can do is to produce robot shells, while foreign companies have absolute superiority in the exploration of core components and parts," he said.
Now, Chinese manufacturers are heavily dependent on foreign-developed core technologies and are struggling to provide the auxiliary items for their robotic products, said Wang Weiming, Deputy Director of the Equipment Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT).
"Reviewing the 40-year trajectory of China's robotics industry, the government has played a decisive role. Without its policy support, the course could have been far more difficult," he said.
Professor Lu echoes Wang Weiming's viewpoint, believing that governmental support is indispensable when promoting Chinese-made robots in both the domestic and overseas markets. Since the Seventh Five-Year Plan (1986-90) period, for instance, the robotics industry has enjoyed preferential policies.
According to the guiding opinions on promoting the healthy development of China's robotics industry released by the MIIT in December 2013, by the year of 2020, a relatively complete robot industrial system will be put in place, which will be composed of three to five internationally competitive enterprises and eight to 10 supporting industrial clusters. In addition, the density of robots will be elevated to 100 per 10,000 workers
At a meeting of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering held on June 9, 2014, Chinese President Xi Jinping said that the "robot revolution" will probably trigger the Third Industrial Revolution and its R&D, production and utilization are highly suggestive of a nation's capacity for technological and scientific innovation and high-end manufacturing.
"We should not only enhance the quality and efficiency of robotic production, but also leave no stone unturned in seizing market share," said Xi, expressing great determination to promote the rapid growth of the Chinese robotics industry.
In 2014, the National Science and Technology Major Project also put emphasis on industrial robots and their application in the automated workshops of sectors including the production of car engines and aviation, aerospace, shipbuilding and industrial explosive materials.
In November 2014, MIIT's Vice Minister Su Bo made it plain that the MIIT will soon get down to formulating China's robotic technology roadmap and the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-20) for the robotics industry.
Email us at: dengyaqing@bjreview.com
Enlarging Shareholders
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- Protection at Home
- A Weaker Union
- Will the 'China Miracle' Continue?


Thieves have used a digger to steal a cash machine from a convenience store in an Oxfordshire village.
Thames Valley Police received a call at 02:13 GMT to the Co-op store in Witney Road, Kingston Bagpuize.
The ATM and an unknown quantity of cash were stolen, police have not yet made any arrests.
It is one of a series of ram raids in and around the county, but is not currently being linked to any other offences, Thames Valley Police said.
Det Sgt Aidan Donohoe said the force was "keeping an open mind as to whether are links with any recent similar offences across Oxfordshire".
One resident told the BBC local people were shocked when they saw the damage.
"People who lived a few streets away said they could smell brick dust in the night," she added.