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Ecsa Press Release: ECSA launches its Maritime Growth Plan for "Sustainable Maritime Jobs, Growth and Competitiveness"
28 Ott, 2019 | In primo piano
ECSA is launching its ambitious Maritime Growth plan today at an event attended by Member States, the European Commission, the European Parliament and its social partners.
The Maritime transport sector is vital to the lives of Europeans and is of great strategic importance to the European economy. EU shipping is a solid contributor to the European agenda of jobs and growth, and one of its major strategic asset.
To ensure a thriving EU shipping industry, a strong skills base and the development of a world-class maritime cluster, ECSA has proposed a Maritime Growth Plan for "Sustainable Maritime Jobs, Growth and Competitiveness" as a strategic framework providing a holistic and common EU vision for actions to be taken at EU, national and local levels.
Shipping directly employs over 640,000 workers at sea and on shore, and supports over 1.4 million workers through indirect and induced employment. These professionals possess a wealth of maritime knowledge, skills and heritage unique in the world. If Europe is to retain its pre-eminence in global shipping, this know-how needs to be cherished and cultivated. The sector must therefore attract a sufficient number of quality new entrants and retain experienced seafarers, including women seafarers and other under-represented groups.
"European shipping and the broader maritime sector are strategically important for the EU – in terms of its contributions to trade, geopolitical role and as an important source of employment. With this in mind, it is high time to have a jobs and growth strategy that recognises the strategic importance of Europe's maritime know-how,"said Martin Dorsman, ECSA Secretary General.
"Through this plan, European shipowners stand committed to take forward the objectives of 'developing an attractive, smart, safe, social and sustainable quality shipping' and a 'world-class maritime cluster', identified by Member States for the EU's maritime transport policy. ECSA calls upon all actors in the sector, at EU, national and local levels, to join forces to reach these objectives and achieve meaningful and viable solutions without compromising the competitiveness of the sector."
The preservation of a European seafaring workforce and the creation of job opportunities through the increased attractiveness of the sector to the seafarers of today and tomorrow should be amongst our wider objectives. Only with concerted actions and a common goal will we achieve the world-class shipping industry and maritime cluster fit to face the current and future challenges and opportunities.
"ECSA's member associations and member companies are fully committed to implementing this plan and will engage with stakeholders at national level to develop the appropriate mix of measures according to the national circumstances. We will also continue to work with EU-level stakeholders to take forward this strategic framework over the coming legislature," said Tim Springett, ECSA's spokesperson to the Social Dialogue Committee for Maritime Transport.
"We are strongly convinced this will provide the EU with the right course of action needed to ensure it delivers over the coming legislature on its goals of a more socially sustainable industry by enhancing the training, competitiveness and employment of EU seafarers."
As other major shipping centres around the world gain ground with intensive support from their governments, preserving and improving the existing policy framework is essential to keeping the EU shipping industry competitive.
The presence and development of European maritime industries and, by extension, of employment opportunities and the retention of skills and expertise, requires a globally competitive EU shipping sector. It is therefore important that any measures taken in the EU context do not jeopardise the competitiveness of the EU fleet or EU shipowners.
To download a copy of ECSA's Maritime Growth Plan for "Sustainable Maritime Jobs, Growth and Competitiveness", click here.


Customers are constantly on the go with their smartphones and tablets. In the cooler weather, how does one stay mobile while keeping ones fingers warm? Broadway Sun Ben's wholesale texting gloves are the ideal solution. Our gloves, with conductive material on select fingertips, come in an array of styles, appealing to different fashion tastes and budgets. Now, texting gloves are more fashion forward than every before. For men and women, we have on-trend gloves, classic looking gloves, magic stretch knit gloves and flip top gloves. To help keep the chill out, you will find gloves that are fleece-lined, for those colder windy days. If you have clients who look to text with their fingers free, you will find options in our our fingerless/convertible glove collection.
Unless otherwise noted, these touchscreen gloves are sold by the dozen (12), in stock and ready to ship. With low shipping prices and fast handling time from New York City, we have been proudly serving satisfied customer since 1980.


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Image: Wikimedia Commons/ Morio
Reflections on the F1 2021 season
By Reece Goodall
So, the 2021 F1 season is now through, and it's been one of the most exciting ones in living memory. I've been writing reports every race, and I wanted to cap off the season with a few thoughts and reflections.
For all the (accurate) talk about this being one of the best seasons ever, it was also host to F1's worst race in history. I say 'race', but I think calling the Belgian Grand Prix that is charitable to an extreme. Due to extremely bad weather, it was clear that a race was not going to happen. But the leadership sent all the cars out for two laps behind the safety car in their qualifying order (two being the minimum requirement to declare a race result) and then red-flagged proceedings. It was a farce, it really was, and nobody was impressed – it was the first time I saw three drivers embarrassed to be on the podium.
I think we all knew that Hamilton or Verstappen would win the championship early on, and in all honesty, I didn't really have a preference for a good chunk of the year. If you've read my F1 stuff in the past, you'll know I'm not a Hamilton fan. But I found Verstappen an incredibly aggressive and frequently dangerous driver who seemed to get away with a lot, and I wasn't a fan either. There were two incidents, though, that really coloured my view.
Both are excellent drivers, but both have also behaved poorly on occasion. After a collision at Silverstone, sending Verstappen into the barriers, I was impressed at how Hamilton was immediately on the radio, checking if his rival was okay and asking for updates. But his victory celebration on the podium – more than a little distasteful. It was the inverse at the Italian Grand Prix, where Verstappen landed his car on top of Hamilton's – but for the halo safety measure, it's likely Hamilton would have been killed. But it appeared that Verstappen didn't care – he stormed off, shouting about that being what you get if you don't leave him enough room. At that point, whether Verstappen wound up winning or not, I knew I'd personally find it hard to think of him as a champion.
And, finally, how could I not talk about the contentious events in Abu Dhabi? Both Hamilton and Verstappen entered the final race level on points, and there was palpable excitement in a way I've rarely seen in recent years. It was winner takes all, and for most of the race, it looked as if Hamilton would win his record eighth world title. But then, a safety car in the closing stages and a very contentious call by race director Michael Masi gave Verstappen all he needed to turn the race around, overtaking his rival on the final lap and becoming the Netherlands' first world champion.
It's a real shame that the ending to an exciting has left a bitter taste in the mouths of so many fans and drivers
The loser here, though, is the sport itself. Millions of people tuned in from around the world for what may have been their first experience with F1, and what did they see? They saw one driver lead the race for 57 of the 58 laps, pulling out some impressive driving and nursing his worn tyres, only for a decision from race control to essentially give the race to Verstappen. There are ways this could have been fair – keeping the lapped cars in place, or an immediate red flag, giving both drivers time to get new tyres and have a proper race to the finish. But the eventual decision would only ever have given the win to Verstappen – to many, Verstappen's championship will always have an asterisk next to it. I found it a hugely contrived ending.
So really, there have been two key storylines in 2021 – the Hamilton-Verstappen rivalry, and the surprising inconsistency with how stewards and race control have managed the races. The first may go on for years, but the second issue needs to be dealt with – there have been calls for Masi to stand down, indicating the level of frustration. Both Hamilton and Verstappen (and many other drivers) fell foul of standards that seemed to change from race to race, and that's just not right. It's a real shame that the ending to an exciting has left a bitter taste in the mouths of so many fans and drivers, and that the win is tainted because of intrusion from up on high.
I had to be talked into doing another blog after a few boring seasons of F1 (as Luke and Sam used to laugh, how many ways could I find to write 'Hamilton won easily'?), but I'm glad I did – this has been a season to go out on. I've enjoyed following all the turns and controversies, and seeing F1 demonstrate that it can be a sport that attracts popular attention once again (for reasons both right and wrong). If you've been reading the blogs, thank you, and here's to the next season!
Great Debates: Why Lewis Hamilton should be named Sports Personality of the Year
Pierre Gasly wins Italian GP as Ferrari fail to deliver
Ferrari in a 'storm' as team posts worst results in a decade
Formula 1 adds Turkish Grand Prix to 17-race schedule

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Asia Fans of K-pop's Blackpink superstar Lisa pummel Thai cafe
Fans of K-pop's Blackpink superstar Lisa pummel Thai cafe
Referred to as "Lisa" by fans, the Thai member of South Korean pop group Blackpink shared pictures on Instagram from a photoshoot at MQQN Cafe in Bangkok on Thursday to her more than 28.1 million followers.
Photo by Luke van Zyl on Unsplash
AsiaEntertainmentCelebrityLifestyleInternationalWorld
A Bangkok cafe drew the wrath of thousands of fans of K-pop girl group Blackpink, following "inappropriate" comments posted by the owner about a visit from Thai superstar member Lalisa Manoban.
Referred to as "Lisa" by fans, the Thai member of South Korean pop group Blackpink shared pictures on Instagram from a photoshoot at MQQN Cafe in Bangkok on Thursday to her more than 28.1 million followers.
Her post, which showed her posing on the yellow seats of the retro-themed diner, drew more than 3.5 million likes and 20,500 comments.
But what should have been a New Year's boon to the cafe quickly turned sour after the owner made lewd comments about her visit, attempting to sell the furniture she sat on and the cutlery she used.
His posts on Facebook — which have now been taken down — went viral as Thai fans accused him of sexual harassment, and he swiftly apologised for his "inappropriate post".
"I accept all criticisms… I am deeply sorry for what happened," said the owner, whose Facebook page has now been hidden.
MQQN cafe was shuttered Sunday, with a "closed" sign tucked behind its silver doors.
The furore spilled onto the cafe's Facebook page, drawing negative one-star reviews from fans demanding "respect" for Lisa and promising to boycott the establishment.
"How stupid he is to turn an opportunity into a crisis," said a commenter, who urged the boycott.
Formed in 2016, Blackpink — made up of Thailand-born Lisa, two South Korean members, and one from New Zealand — has helped to raise K-pop's global profile with tens of millions of fans worldwide.
It was named in TIME Magazine's "100 Next" most influential in 2019, and was also the first female K-pop group invited to perform at the Coachella music festival.


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Basis of reporting
This section provides an overview of Novozymes' principal accounting policies, the critical accounting estimates and judgments applied, a definition of materialityThe materiality assessment process identifies topics that pose either risks or opportunities for Novozymes' business strategy. Relevant topics are those that may be considered important for reflecting the organization's economic, environmental and social impacts, or for influencing the decisions of stakeholders. as well as the impact of new or amended IFRS standards and interpretations.
The symbols I/S, B/S and ESG show which amounts in the notes can be found in the income statement, balance sheet, and environmental data and social and governance data respectively.
The accounting policies described below apply to the consolidated financial statements as a whole. Accounting policies and critical accounting estimates and judgments are described in the notes to which they relate to enhance understanding. The descriptions of accounting policies in the notes form part of the overall description of accounting policies.
The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of Novozymes A/S (the parent company) and subsidiaries controlled by Novozymes A/S, prepared in accordance with Group accounting policies. The consolidated financial statements are prepared by combining items of a uniform nature and subsequently eliminating intercompany transactions, internal stockholdings and balances, and unrealized intercompany profits and losses.
Consolidation of the environmental data and social and governance data follows the same principles as for the financial reporting.
Translation of foreign currencies
The consolidated financial statements are presented in Danish kroner (DKK).
Exchange rate differences arising between the exchange rate at the transaction date and the reporting date are recognized as Financial income or Financial costs.
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency defined for each company using the exchange rates prevailing at the transaction date. Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the reporting date.
Financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are translated into Danish kroner at the exchange rates prevailing at the reporting date for assets and liabilities, and at average exchange rates for income statement items.
The following exchange rate differences, arising from translation using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date, are recognized in Other comprehensive income:
Translation of foreign subsidiaries' net assets at the beginning of the year
Translation of foreign subsidiaries' income statements from average exchange rates
Non-IFRS financial measures
Novozymes uses certain financial measures that are not defined in IFRS to describe the Group's financial performance, financial position and cash flows. These financial measures may therefore be defined and calculated differently from similar measures in other companies, and thus not be comparable.
The non-IFRS financial measures presented in the Annual Report are:
Organic sales growthSales growth from existing business, excluding sales from business acquisitions and divestments, measured in local currency.
Economic profitEconomic profit is defined as adjusted operating profit (NOPAT) less (average invested capital * WACC).
ROICAdjusted operating profit (NOPAT) after tax as a percentage of average invested capital. EBIT is adjusted for net foreign exchange gains/losses and share of result in associates
Free cash flow before acquisitionsCash flow from operating activities minus cash flow from investing activities and changes in net working capital, business acquisitions, divestments and purchase of financial assets.
The definitions of non-IFRS financial measures are included in the Glossary.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements and the environmental data and social and governance data requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that can have a significant effect on the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and related disclosures. The estimates and underlying assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Changes in estimates may be necessary if there are changes in the circumstances on which the estimate was based, or more detailed information becomes available. Such changes are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised.
The application of the Group's accounting policies may require Management to make judgments that can have a significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Management judgment is required in particular when assessing the substance of transactions that have a complicated structure or legal form.
The critical accounting estimates and judgments can potentially significantly impact the consolidated financial statements.
The table below shows the critical accounting estimates and judgments and their level of potential impact on the consolidated financial statements:
Note Critical accounting estimates and judgments Estimate/judgment Potential impact from estimates and judgments
2.2 Revenue Profit sharing in partnerships Estimate
2.6 Tax Group tax charge Estimate
3.1 Intangible assets and impairment test of goodwill Impairment of intangible assets and goodwill Estimate
4.1 Inventories Cost of work in progress and finished goods Estimate
4.2 Trade receivables and contract assets Allowances for doubtful trade receivables Estimate
4.4 Contract liabilities Deferred income Estimate
7.1 Climate change CO2 emissions Estimate
8.4 Community engagement Learners reached Estimate
The consolidated financial statements of the Novozymes Group have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the EU and further requirements in the Danish Financial Statements Act. Novozymes has prepared the consolidated financial statements in accordance with all the IFRS standards effective at December 31, 2018. The fiscal year for the Group is January 1 – December 31. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and under the historical cost convention, with the exception of derivatives and securities, which are measured at fair value. The accounting policies are unchanged from last year except for the implementation of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
The consolidated environmental data and social and governance data have been prepared in accordance with principles that adhere to the following internationally recognized voluntary reporting standards and principles:
AA1000 framework for accountability. The framework states that reporting must provide a complete, accurate, relevant and balanced picture of the organization's approach to and impact on society
UN Global CompactAn international UN initiative working to bring businesses together with UN agencies, labor and civil society to support 10 principles in the areas of human rights, labor standards, the environment and anti-corruption.. Novozymes is a signatory to the UN Global Compact, a voluntary policy initiative for businesses that are committed to aligning their operations and strategies with ten universally accepted principles in the areas of human rights, labor, environment and anti-corruption. Read Novozymes' UNGC Communication on progress in the Sustainability section
GRI Sustainability Reporting Standards 2016 (GRI Standards). Novozymes refers to GRI 101: Foundation 2016 to inspire its materialityThe materiality assessment process identifies topics that pose either risks or opportunities for Novozymes' business strategy. Relevant topics are those that may be considered important for reflecting the organization's economic, environmental and social impacts, or for influencing the decisions of stakeholders. assessment process and to GRI 102: General Disclosures 2016 to report contextual information about itself. Information is presented on Novozymes' management approach to material issues, taking inspiration from GRI 103: Management Approach 2016. Topic-Specific Information is provided by referencing GRI Standards 200, 300 and 400 on Economic, Environmental and Social disclosures. Specific content for which information is reported is outlined in Novozymes' GRI Content Index
The principles are unchanged from last year.
Defining materiality
Novozymes' Annual Report is based on the concept of materiality, to ensure that the content is material and relevant.
If items are individually immaterial, they are aggregated with other items of a similar nature in the statements or in the notes. Novozymes provides the specific disclosures required by IFRS unless the information is considered immaterial to the economic decision-making of the readers of these financial statements. The disclosures on environmental, social and governance (ESG) data include information on our management approach, targets, initiatives and related progress on the issues.
Novozymes' materiality assessment is a systematic and rigorous process that integrates inputs from external stakeholders, trend analyses and internal engagement with relevant departments, for example senior leadership from Novozymes' business divisions, Investor Relations, Risk Management & Controls, Public Affairs and Corporate Sustainability. This process results in identification of the ESG issues that are most material to Novozymes.
Materiality matrix 2018
Importance to stakeholders
Impact on Novozymes
Solid capital structure
Managing Novozymes' ability to finance its operations and growth using different sources of funds
Trade policies
Managing impacts of changing global trade policies on business
Profitable growth
Managing organic sales growth that impacts company's operating profits
Addressing risks and opportunities due to climate change, reducing GHG footprint in value chain, increasing energy efficiency and share of renewable energy
SDG 7 (Targets 7.A, 7.2, 7.3), SDG 13 (Target 13.2)
Addressing risks and opportunities associated with water availability and waste water discharge across the value chain
SDG 6 (Targets 6.3, 6.4), SDG 8 (Target 8.4), SDG 14 (Target 14.1)
Bioethics & biodiversity
Adoption of ethical, science-based regulation for processes and products involving gene technology. Includes aspects like responsible use of Gene technology, bio-diversity rights and conservation and access and benefit sharing
SDG 15 (Target 15.6)
Taking responsible ownership of products to minimize adverse impacts. Includes product design, safety and handling and social and environmental impacts over life cycle
All policies, procedures and initiatives to ensure safe, healthy and incident-free working environment for all
SDG 8 (Target 8.8)
Labor practices & human rights
Promoting fair labor practices, decent working conditions and respect for human rights including talent management and employee retention
SDG 4 (Target 4.7), SDG 5 (Target 5.5), SDG 8 (Target 8.5, 8.7, 8.8)
Community engagement & social investment
Creating value for society through engagement and investment programs
Implementing mechanisms, policies and procedures that control and direct Novozymes' way of running business and operations
Implementing mechanisms and processes that govern issues like corruption and bribery, anti-competitive practices, fraud and general code of conduct for day-to-day operations
Complying with relevant legal, financial, governance, environmental and social regulations in all operating regions
Ensuring sustainable supply chains by taking into account social and environmental considerations in addition to quality and economical aspects
Developing novel products and optimizing processes to meet global challenges
Partnerships & customer engagement
Developing partnerships with stakeholders (customers, government and academia) for continued business growth and maximizing sustainable impact
SDG 17 (Targets 17.14, 17.17)
Corporate focus areas
Target/flagship initiatives
Contributes to SDG target(s)
The illustration is a snapshot of the upper-right quadrant of Novozymes' materiality matrix and depicts the 16 issues from the economic, environmental, social and governance areas that are most material to Novozymes' business.
In 2018, we studied relevant macrotrends and changes in the internal and external environment to understand the impact they have on our current materiality matrix. As a result of this process, we identified one new issue in the economic category: Trade policies.
Changing global trade policies are impacting businesses all over the world. Therefore, it is important that we manage this issue to minimize the impact it may have on Novozymes' business. All other issues remain unchanged.
For further details on the materiality assessment process, including a full list of all material issues and an explanation of how the issues are linked to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are an intergovernmental set of 17 aspirational goals with 169 targets. The goals were officially implemented on September 25, 2015. targets, see Materiality in the Sustainability section.
Impact of new accounting standards
Novozymes has adopted the following new or amended standards and interpretations from January 1, 2018:
IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments: Classification and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities contains requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets and liabilities, impairment methodology and general hedge accounting.
The implementation of IFRS 9 has had an insignificant impact on the consolidated financial statements. The implementation has resulted in additional disclosures; see Notes 4.2 and 5.1. The basis for calculating the allowance for doubtful receivables has been changed from incurred losses to expected losses. However, this has had only an insignificant impact on the allowances and thereby the consolidated financial statements.
The standard has been implemented prospectively using January 1, 2018 as the date of initial application. Novozymes has made use of the relief from restating comparative figures.
IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers establishes a single comprehensive framework for revenue recognition.
The implementation of IFRS 15 has had an insignificant impact on the income statement and the related key ratios in the consolidated financial statements. Contract assets and Contract liabilities are now presented separately in the balance sheet.
The standard was implemented using the modified retrospective method. Novozymes made use of the relief from restating comparative figures and applied IFRS 15 only to contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018.
The following table shows the amounts by which the affected line items are impacted by the implementation of IFRS 15. Line items that are not affected are not included in the table, and consequently subtotals disclosed cannot be derived from the numbers provided.
DKK million IFRS 15 Previous IFRS Increase/(decrease) IFRS 15 Previous IFRS Increase/(decrease)
Trade receivables 2,606 2,878 (272) 2,424 2,554 (130)
Contract assets 279 - 279 143 143
Other receivables 219 226 (7) 201 214 (13)
Current assets 6,835 6,835 - 6,137 6,137 -
Contract liabilities, non-current (199) (199) (335) (335)
Deferred income, non-current (37) (236) 199 (2) (337) 335
Non-current liabilities (2,734) (2,734) - (2,529) (2,529) -
Provisions (97) (140) 43 (66) (86) 20
Contract liabilities, current (175) (175) (238) (238)
Deferred income, current (13) (125) 112 (23) (205) 182
Other payables (625) (645) 20 (747) (783) 36
Current liabilities (5,525) (5,525) - (4,577) (4,577) -
The first column shows amounts prepared under IFRS 15, while the second column shows the amounts had IFRS 15 not been implemented.
The implementation has resulted in additional disclosures; see Notes 2.2 and 4.2.
Amendment to IFRS 2 – Classification and Measurement of Share-based Payment Transactions clarifies the accounting for certain types of share-based payment transactions
Annual Improvements to IFRSs (2014-2016) contains minor changes to three standards
IFRIC 22 – Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration clarifies the accounting for transactions that include the receipt or payment of advance consideration in a foreign currency
The adoption of the amended standards and interpretations has not had a significant impact on recognition or measurement in the consolidated financial statements for 2018 and is not anticipated to have an impact on future periods.
New standards and interpretations not yet adopted
IASB has issued new or amended accounting standards and interpretations that have not yet become effective and have consequently not been implemented in the consolidated financial statements for 2018. Novozymes expects to adopt the accounting standards and interpretations when they become mandatory. The following accounting standard is considered the most relevant for Novozymes:
IFRS 16 – Leases introduces a single lessee accounting model, requiring lessees to recognize leases in the balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, unless the lease term is 12 months or less or the underlying asset has a low value. In the income statement, the lease cost is replaced by depreciation of the leased asset and an interest expense for the financial liability.
The standard will be implemented on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach, where the right-of-use assets on transition are measured at an amount equal to the lease liability. Novozymes will make use of the relief from restating comparative figures and will not apply IFRS 16 to short-term leases and low-value leases.
The impact assessment analysis concluded that the implementation of IFRS 16 will have an insignificant impact on profit and loss, but will result in an expected increase in total assets and liabilities of DKK 615 million. Consequently, ROIC is expected to be impacted negatively by approximately 0.8 percentage point, and free cash flow in the Consolidated statement of cash flows will improve by approximately DKK 125 million. The right-of-use asset and lease liability are to be presented separately in the balance sheet or disclosed in the notes. Furthermore, the implementation of IFRS 16 will require additional disclosures.
Back to notes


Waterloo, Ont.-based Open Text Corp.'s enterprise content management suite for SAP customers is now being resold and rebranded by SAP AG.
The deal will allow SAP to offer Open Text's SAP-focused ECM platform under the name SAP Extended ECM application by Open Text. The management platform, which integrates with SAP's business processing systems, aims to bolster the content management capabilities for SAP shops and is targeted at customers looking to reduce the costs and regulatory burdens associated with unstructured data.
The agreement, which was announced at this week's SAP TechEd 2009 conference in Phoenix, Ariz., marks the second time SAP and Open Text have teamed up in recent years. In 2007, SAP began reselling Open Text's archiving and document access management products.
Bill Forquer, executive vice-president of global alliances for Open Text, said the deal will allow SAP customers to start developing a content management strategy as they make further investments in their overall business performance apps. Organizations facing increased regulatory pressures or looking to better prepare themselves for e-discovery will be particularly interested in the partnership, he added.
"You're making all these investments in SAP, making investments in master data management and all those kinds of things, and now this will allow you to add your content management initiative as a part of that," Forquer said.
Aside from giving companies the ability to join their e-discovery and compliance investments with their SAP systems, Forquer said a strong motivation behind the deal is to gain more access to SAP customers and hopefully expose those businesses to Open Text's deep ECM portfolio.
As for whether SAP's two partnerships with Open Text could eventually lead to an acquisition, Babineau said that the verdict is still out on whether SAP wants to be in the broader ECM business.
Babineau said it is still too early to tell what the outcome will be given that both of the agreements have been very narrowly focused.
Are Canadians afraid to take risks?


Amy Hill's inspiration for this exhibition is American Folk Portraiture, which historically served as reflections of the artists' impressions of society, their needs, mores and family life. A common subject within American Folk Art is family, and more specifically, children, who are often depicted with a focus on their innocence, holding cuddly animals in bucolic settings. In updating these paintings, Amy Hill has depicted urban children decorated by logos, tattoos, piercings, drugs and digital media. This allows for an examination of the phenomenon of innocence, its value, and the possibility of its survival in a fast moving world. With technical proficiency, Amy Hill explores the charm and directness of Folk Art by employing the style's distortions in perspective and anatomy, as well as a highly personal perspective.
"Girl With Skooter" oil on canvas, 24"x 38"
"Two Girls with Toys" oil on Canvas, 52"x 44"
"Woman With Plant" oil on panel, 16"x 20"
"Girl With Pill" oil on canvas, 8"x 10"
"Girl With Doll" oil on canvas, 11"x 14"
"Girl With Dog" oil on canvas, 31"x 38"
"Gym Girl" oil on canvas, 24"x 36"
"Girl With Tea Set" oil on canvas, 24"x 36"
"Girl With Lego Dog" oil on canvas,24"x 36"
"Boy With Dog" oil on canvas, 14"x 18"


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I have gone over my code to make sure I input it just as the book I am following states. I am working my way through Head First Learn to Code. Everything appears to be as it should be. I am at a loss why my code keeps throwing this error.
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words = text.split()
total_words = len(words)
total_sentences = count_sentences(text)
total_syllables = count_syllables(words)

print(total_words, 'words')
print(total_sentences, 'sentences')
print(total_syllables, 'syllables')

compute_readability(ch1text.text)

There is also a text file that was first a ch1text.txt file and I was told to open it in Python then save it as ch1text.py before importing it in Python. When I run the ch1text.py file it does run the text. What I am expecting is the other code to read through the text I imported and tell me how many words, sentences, and syllables are in the ch1text.py. Instead I get the error saying text isn't defined. Please help me. I have spent way too long trying to figure it out on my own and don't feel like I can move forward until I understand where I am going wrong.
*Edited with proper indentation to reflect what I have in my py document.

A: In Python, indentation is used to determine the grouping of statements.
You probably just need to indent all lines that appear under:
def compute_readability(text):

A: the problem lies in function call. In your code where you are writing,
words = text.split() <--
total_words = len(words)
total_sentences = count_sentences(text) <--

if you carefully obeserve, text is not a global variable that is being passed to text.split or to count_sentences. So you need to fix that up. You can only split something that exists which in this case doesn't.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I am a huge fan of all things Tolkien – I love the history, the backstories and the world that Tolkien, and Jackson, created.
The artistry in The Hobbit: Desolation of Smaug, as with others in the series, is top notch. Weta workshops design and craftwork is gorgeous, and new innovations in digital compositing really make you believe what you are watching; for instance the key barrel-chase sequence.
Smaug is fantastically revealed and probably the best looking Dragon ever to be put on screen, voiced by Benedict Cumberbatch who gets amplified to booming levels.
The home of the Wood Elves is a fresh take on an Elven city - different from the established look of Rivendell and Lothlorien from previous films, but equally beautiful. The forests of Mirkwood are dark and atmospheric and the spiders that live there will scare the pants off anyone. The most visually refreshing location has to be Laketown, governed by a disgusting, decadent monarch character, portrayed by Stephen Fry.
Desolation of Smaug features many story deviations and additions to Tolkien's original, most notably the subplot of Gandalf hunting an emerging apparition of Sauron and the Ringwraiths. (It was detailed in Tolkien's appendices and notes) The addition of Tauriel, played by Evangeline Lilly, was exclusively written by the screenwriters to bring out an interesting interaction with the elves and dwarfs.
The pace is low at first, but this is something that is understood from the book, it's not set piece after set piece, it's a journey. There were aspects that were hastily abbreviated, most notably Beorn, the skinchanger. His sequence is heavily cut short, and became more of a set up device to keep the group moving on the journey.
HFR is double the normal frame rate of 24 frames a second; it gives a very real feeling and look to all on-screen movements. It can take some time to adjust your eyes to the new form; it feels too quick, or too smooth, almost like there is a stage with live actors in front of you. It's what the The Hobbit was trying to achieve, it was distracting for almost an hour, but worked extremely well for the river chase.
Admittedly – I'm looking forward to seeing a regular 2D screening so that I can immerse myself in the movie experience some more, I'm not ready for the high frame rate in 3D.
The Hobbit: Desolation of Smaug has worthy of a place in the Middle Earth saga; a solidly entertaining movie, with some incredible elements. An Unexpected Journey began the story so well, with a rounded ending, where Desolation of Smaug opens in the middle of the Dwarf company escaping the orcs, and ends on a cliffhanger.


This product download contains 24 files. TAKE A MIND ALTERING VISUAL JOURNEY WITH THIS COLLECTION OF 14 MARBLE TEXTURES, PAINSTAKINGLY HANDMADE IN OUR STUDIO BASEMENT USING THE TRADITIONAL TURKISH 'EBRU' TECHNIQUE.
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A quick note you Linux based Android developers… I have was trying to use ADB this morning and discovered that since my update to the Android SDK to version 8, the ADB executable is no longer located at …/android-sdk-linux_x86/tools/adb! It is now at …/android-sdk-linux_x86/platform-tools/adb. It took me longer than it should have to figure this out and I couldn't find the info on Google anywhere…so there you have it!


Posted at 12:57 pm on February 14, 2017 by Greg P.
Hey @realDonaldTrump-1hr after Obama put sanctions on Russia YOU told Flynn 2 call them & promise em it'll be OK. Traitor!Resign by morning!
Um, @realDonaldTrump — It's now noontime in DC & it appears you are still squatting in our Oval Office. I gave u til this morning to leave.
Flynn was colluding w/ a foreign gov't accused of helping throw the election 2 Trump,promising them they would be taken care of. Arrest him.
Let's be VERY clear: Flynn DID NOT make that Russian call on his own. He was INSTRUCTED to do so.He was TOLD to reassure them. Arrest Trump.


I am a writer by trade. When I was going through chemotherapy my friends urged me to write a blog. Write a blog? I thought, No way! – because A: it's work, and B: who on earth would want to read a blog about somebody having cancer? Not me.
One day, en-route to the hospital and bedecked with headscarf, chandelier earrings, red lipstick and dark glasses, I stepped into my friend Jamie's car to be greeted with his remark, 'You're really working the chemo chic look today girl.' And that was it – a blog was born: Chemo Chic – A Guide to Surviving Cancer With Style. And then a book: The Elegant Art of Falling Apart. And then this website: The Chemo Chic Project.
All the way through my illness I wrote and wrote. On occasions it was difficult to describe the ghastliness of the chemo, the tediousness of the radiotherapy and the fear and desolation that I sometimes experienced. Other times it was pure joy to write about the silliness of encounters with my doctors, the kindness of the nurses and the love that landed on me in unexpected ways from all of my friends. No matter what I wrote about, after writing I always felt better.
My instinct was, and is, that writing is good for you but there is more to this than just my fancy. American psychologist Dr James Pennebaker did the first research in this area as long ago as 1986 and since then hundreds of studies have been carried out (if you are academically inclined you may read some of them here). The majority of studies have confirmed that writing about emotional trauma has positive physical health effects. These effects are not only measurable through subjective self-reporting – 'I feel so much better after that' – but are objectively measurable through such key markers as fewer visits to the doctor, improved sleep and changes in immune function.
In the course of repeated trials, Dr Pennebaker has refined his expressive writing method to make it as straightforward and effective as possible.
"Over the next four days, write about your deepest emotions and thoughts about the most upsetting experience in your life. Really let go and explore your feelings and thoughts about it. In your writing, you might tie this experience to your childhood, your relationship with your parents, people you have loved or love now, or even your career. How is this experience related to who you would like to become, who you have been in the past, or who you are now?
It's that simple. Interestingly, it is not necessary to read aloud or share what you have written. Healing seems to be a direct result of the act of writing about trauma. Dr Pennebaker adds some helpful pointers that may help to get you started.
Find a time and place where you will not be disturbed.
Once you begin writing, write continuously for fifteen minutes.
Don't worry about spelling, grammar or punctuation.
If you run out of things to write about, repeat what you have already written.
You can write about the same thing every day, or write about something different each day.
You can write longhand or on a keyboard. If you cannot write, you can speak into a recorder.
Write for fifteen minutes per session over four consecutive days.
It is not necessary to share what you have written with anybody else.
Deal only with events and situations that you can handle right now.
If you find that you are becoming extremely upset or disturbed in a way that you cannot handle, change topics or stop writing.
I feel inspired to give the Pennebaker method a go. Care to join me?


Chickadee is located about half way down in Camp Blue Heron. It is enclosed on two sides and is well equipped with picnic tables. There are outside toilets nearby. Chickadee has a large tenting area that is secluded from the rest of Camp Blue Heron. There is also running water available. In addition, electricity can be provided if required.


text:
» Products & Launches » Nature's Fynd Pre-Releases Products Created With Volcanic Fungi, Sells Out in 24 Hours
Nature's Fynd Pre-Releases Products Created With Volcanic Fungi, Sells Out in 24 Hours
©Nature's Fynd
Chicago's Nature's Fynd, which discovered microbes with origins in Yellowstone National Park and uses breakthrough fermentation technology produces to produce its new-to-the-world, nutritional fungi protein called Fy, announced yesterday that its Fy Breakfast Bundle was available for pre-order. Less than 24 hours later, its website states that the Breakfast Bundles are already sold out.
In December, the company announced the raise of an additional $45 million, increasing the total amount of investment to $150 million. Back in 2018, the company has raised $33 million in Series A financing from two of the world's largest food and agribusiness companies, followed by $80 million in its Series B round led by Bill Gates and Al Gore.
©Nature's Fynd
The two vegan and non-GMO products – a cream cheese and a breakfast patty – offered consumers an exclusive first-taste of the breakfast product line set for a wider release later this year."We're delighted so many people were excited as we were about this exclusive release. At the moment, we're sold out of our delicious Fy™ Breakfast Bundles but we do have some exciting, new products in the works. To find out when you can buy our foods next, join our community of optimists"
"We choose optimism so that we can find a way to do more with less. Using our novel liquid-air surface fermentation technology, we're creating a range of sustainable foods that nourish our bodies and nurture our planet for generations to come. We're really excited to be at the beginning of this journey with the launch of our first-ever limited release of Fy Breakfast Bundles," said Nature's Fynd CEO Thomas Jonas. "We've deeply studied our consumers and we know that Fy's unique versatility, which delivers great tasting meat and dairy alternatives for every occasion, is highly appealing."


November 10—Congratulations to Vidalia High School Lady Indian Regan Norfleet who signed a letter of intent for a scholarship to play softball at Augusta University.
"I just love the environment and campus at Augusta State. The coaches and players were very helpful and inviting to me when I visited. It is close to home so my parents can come and see the games." Norfleet said.
"I don't think Vidalia High School has a better one lady that we can offer. She is an excellent athlete and has played softball and basketball for four years. Al you can say is they've gotten a jewel." Coach Chunk Reid stated.
(L-R) Front Row: Ryan Norfleet(sister),Marshall Norfleet(father), Regan Norfleet, Riley Norfleet(sister), Charleen Norfleet(mother). Back Row: Coach Ben Beck, Coach Chunk Reid, Andrew Norfleet(brother), Marvin Lane, and Coach Brad Thompson.


Another skeleton's remains nearby. RIKER There's a file of memory coils here... DATA They are identical to The coil we found earlier, Captain... PICARD Their captain's log, perhaps? RIKER That's what we were thinking. Converted to .pdf for pdfscreenplays.net Star TREK: "Booby Trap" - REV. 9/5/89 - ACT TWO 24. DATA I believe so.
The ideals wrought in The paradise that was The United Federation of Planets now seem to be a distant dream. Starfleet is shattered, giving old enemies a chance to gain The upper hand. The question now is, what can one ship, and one captain do to prevent humanity from losing The peace? Download Star Trek: The Next Generation: Losing The Peace (Star Trek Next Generation (Unn Full version Read This First: We offer two ways that you can get this book for free, You can choose The way you like!
Star TREK: The Next Generation "Heart Of Glory" TEASER FADE IN: A1 EXT. SPACE - The ENTERPRISE (OPTICAL) moving at sub-warp. 1 INT. MAIN BRIDGE Minimum BRIDGE CREW -- TASHA; GEORDI is at Conn; DATA at Ops; RIKER and PICARD in The Command Position.
WESLEY Why would anyone use a flawed replacement? Picard ices over at that, glaring out at The stars ahead now: PICARD Just pilot The shuttle, Ensign. And on Picard's obdurate countenance, we GO TO: Converted to .pdf for pdfscreenplays.net Star TREK: "Samaritan Snare" - 3/8/89 - ACT ONE 16. 14 EXT. RIKER All right.
PICARD Data, assign it a neutral target. DATA The target must be specific. Star TREK: "The Arsenal... " - 1/25/88 - ACT FIVE 50. 107A CONTINUED: PICARD Itself, then. Have it track itself or The power source that manufactures it. DATA The force of that explosion would destroy this chamber and evervone near by.
It does not appear to have any skeletal framework or musculature. RIKER Then what's causing it to move? DATA Perhaps we are. It appears to be following us, sir. Star TREK: "The Shroud" - 2/1/88 - ACT ONE 15. 18 WIDER ANGLE The slime continues to BLOCK THEIR PATH, BLOCKING ANY WAY THEY TRY TO APPROACH The shuttle. No brain as we know it.
PICARD Screen off. Data, you have The bridge. Picard EXITS to his Ready Room as Kolrami moves to Data. Converted to.pdf for pdfscreenplays.net Star TREK: "Peak Performance" - 4/18/89 - ACT TWO 20. 29 CONTINUED: (2) KOLRAMI Lieutenant Commander Data -- I am intrigued by your challenge. Data turns, puzzled.
OKONA I'm under my own power. Thank you, Enterprise. Thank you, Captain Picard. PICARD I think it turned out to be "my pleasure," Mister Okona. Converted to .pdf for pdfscreenplays.net Star TREK: "The Outrageous Okona" - 10/4/88 - ACT FIVE 60. 76 CONTINUED: OKONA You've got a bizarre sense of humor, Captain.
BEVERLY Analysis... ? Converted to .pdf for pdfscreenplays.com Star TREK: "Remember Me" - REV. 8/20/90 - ACT FIVE 49. 60 CONTINUED: (2) COMPUTER VOICE No ship's structures exist forward of Bulkhead Three-Four-Two. BEVERLY Superimpose The previous image over this one. Same scale. And continue to monitor.


text:
Summer Destinations for Techies
Did you say,you're a techie and looking for an escape? Put away that swimsuit! Why not visit a technological destination this summer vacation?! There are a handful of spots that you might like to visit… places full of history and innovation. Here at Panda Security, we've put together a list of the best vacation spots for the techie-in-you. Enjoy!
Just an hour outside of London in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, you can visit the place where Alan Turing and his team changed history. This code-breaking center turned museum was once the central spot for Britain's codebreakers during World War II. After 1993, Bletchley Park became a museum and is now a popular tourist attraction, but not too long ago 10,000 cryptanalysts used the Victorian mansion to analyze encrypted messages communicated by German Troops during WWII.
Here at the National Museum of Computing, visitors can see some of the most important and innovative inventions of the time, such as Colossus, a machine that was used to decipher secret Nazi communications in 1943.
Out of all of the tech-friendly places in the world there is a country where anyone can become digital. The Republic of Estonia is an innovative country with its own Technopolis, which has been frequently referred to as the European Silicon Valley, and the home of Skype. If Estonia is on your list this summer, don't forget to follow your technological curiosities to the Institute of Cybernetics at Tallinn University, founded in 1960.
HP Garage
Before there was Steve Jobs in Palo Alto, before Google was created by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, there was HP. After meeting each other at Stanford University, William R. Hewlett and David Packard joined forces and began what we now know as HP. These two garage manufacturers turned legends built their first product, an oscillator in 1938, and a business was born.
Hewlett-Packard bought and restored the house with the famous garage in 2000. Now the house is open occasionally for visitors and is remembered at the birthplace of Silicon Valley.
CERN, the European Council for Nuclear Research, is the place where British scientist Tim Berners-Lee began the World Wide Web in 1989. Here you can find various particle accelerators, like the Large Hadron Collider, the most powerful particle collider ever built. Thanks to the LHC, physicists are able test different theories of particle physics and are able to prove or disprove the existence of the theorized Higgs boson.
Here you can participate in a guided visit of the facility and learn about the fundamental laws of nature. You can even ask some of the 3,000 center workers how the LHC works. You can also visit the Globe of Science and Innovation or the ATLAS experiment visitor center.
The Computer History Museum
The Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California is the best place for computer science history in the world. Opened in 2002, the old Silicon Graphics building contains more than 2,000 year old IT history, starting with Chinese abaci.
You can view the mechanical computer, a pre-eminent invention that was designed by Charles Babbage in 1834; a collection of the first supercomputers (like Cray 1); Apple 1 (one of the first PCs); and the legendary Pong video game.
summer destinations
PosCardStealer and Large-scale Attacks Jeopardize PoS Systems
New range of Panda Antivirus: Security for all your devices
Quarterly Report April-June 2008
A Lesson in Cybersecurity from Mr. Robot
What is Software Piracy?
5 Reasons to join WatchGuardONE
Do humans listen to the recordings made by smart assistants?


text:
Howell splits with Milford, takes second in KLAA West
Anthony Odoardi
MILFORD — Trailing in the KLAA West standings by two games, the Howell softball team needed a sweep of Milford entering Wednesday's doubleheader to tie and earn its second straight West division championship. Unfortunately for the Highlanders, Milford dashed their hopes early.
Milford, the third-place finishers in 2015, left no doubt that it was the West's best team this year with a dominant 5-0 win over Howell in the first game of the two-game set, clinching the West division and essentially rendering the nightcap — which Howell won, 14-4 — meaningless.
"It was a tight game," Howell coach Ron Pezzoni said. "We were down, I think, 1-0, in the fifth inning when they scored some runs. They hit a (three)-run homer — a good hitter just hit a good pitch — and they tacked on a couple there. But overall we played a good game, we just went though a little cold streak the last couple days and didn't score any runs."
The pitcher for Howell was Erin Utter, who went a complete game for Howell, and she made the right pitch in the fifth inning to Natalie Herrington. But Milford's been a solid squad at the plate throughout the year, and Herrington came through with the timely hit off Howell's ace.
When the ball landed over the fence and increased the Milford lead to 4, Howell sensed it was in trouble. When Milford continued to pad that lead with a back-to-back homer by Audrey Petoskey, it would be a tall task to suddenly start hitting off Milford's pitcher and piling up runs with only nine outs left.
"In that game, it's tough," said Pezzoni of giving up the homers. "We know that the other pitcher is thawing so well, you know? When you get down three, now you sorta only have a few outs left, and you got some work to do."
It proved to be too much work.
In the circle Herrington starred, holding a slumping Howell lineup to a second straight shut out by going seven innings and giving up just four hits - two to Sydney Pezzoni and two to Amy Jarrett. The Highlanders were coming off to a 9-0 loss at the hands of Walled Lake Central on Monday. They thought the hitting woes would be put quickly behind them given the stakes, but they endured one more rough game before breaking out later on of 14 runs.
The breakout came too late, however, as Herrington appeared to startle Howell's batters for seven innings.
"She a very good pitcher and she threw exceptionally well for her, too," Pezzoni said. "She was locked in. And you gotta give her credit, she threw the ball very well. Give her all the credit in the world in that game.
"A lot of times when you face good pitchers, it creates a cold spell, and we ran into a couple there in the last few games before we got it going in the second game today. We didn't swing the bats as well as we have against good pitchers, but she threw very well, too."
Asked if he thought the Mavericks let off the gas in game two and Pezzoni said: "Oh yeah, I'm sure."
The Howell coach admitted he doesn't know if Milford's pitcher from game one could go two games or not, but she did not pitch game two and he believed that was a result of the Mavs earning the West trophy before it got to that point.
Still, even with a different pitcher on the mound, it was good for Howell to bust out of its team-wide slump and start putting runs on the board once again. Although it was, of course, disappointing to lose the division and not repeat as champs, there are greater goals ahead that Howell still wishes to accomplish.
As Pezzoni has said since he took the job, the priority is state championships. And if the Highlanders have any shot, they needed to retaliate in game two at the plate like they did, regardless of if the Mavericks let up.
"We just got to them early (in the second game) and started to get some confidence with the bats," Pezzoni said. "I'm happy we responded well, and hopefully built some momentum."


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec_Introduction}

\subsection{Abbreviations and notations used in the paper}
Table \ref{Tab_Abbr} summarizes the abbreviations and notations used throughout the mathematical formalisms of the paper.

\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{small}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
  \hline

 \shortstack{abbreviation \\ / notation}  & meaning \\ \hline
  TCRRGU & \shortstack{transaction-constrained resource-redistribution\\ games under uncertainty} \\ \hline
  $q^P(n)$ & level (amount) of participation of player $n$ \\ \hline
  $N$ & number of players / nodes of the network \\ \hline
  $M$ & number of edges (pipelines) of the network \\ \hline
  $q^+(m)$ / $q^-(m)$ & \shortstack{ signed maximal capacity of edge $m$ in the positive \\ and negative direction ($q^+(m) \geq 0,~q^-(m) \leq 0$)} \\ \hline
  $W$ & number of steps in the inverse demand function of players \\ \hline
  $p^c_{n,w}$ &\shortstack{ price parameter of the $w$-th step of the \\ inverse demand function of player $n$}  \\ \hline
  $q^c_{n,w}$ &\shortstack{ quantity parameter of the $w$-th step of the \\ inverse demand function of player $n$}  \\ \hline
  $S$ & number of scenarios \\ \hline
  $p_s$ & probability of scenario $s$ \\ \hline
  $q^+_s(m)$ / $q^-_s(m)$ & signed edge capacities in the case of scenario $s$ \\ \hline
  $r_s(n)$ & \shortstack{the amount of resources available for\\ player $n$ in the case of scenario $s$} \\ \hline
  $f_m$ & flow on edge $m$ \\ \hline
  $c_{n,w}$ & \shortstack{ consumption related to the $w$-th step of \\ the inverse demand function of player $n$ }\\ \hline
  $U^c(n)$ & consumption utility of player $n$ \\ \hline
  $RCP_s$ & redistribution clearing price in the case of scenario $s$ \\ \hline
  $\mu_s(n)$ & marginal utility increment of player $n$ in the case of the scenario $s$\\ \hline
  $U^f(n)$ & financial utility of player $n$ \\ \hline
  ES & expected shortfall \\ \hline

\end{tabular}
\caption{Abbreviations and notations used in the paper}\label{Tab_Abbr}
\end{center}
\end{small}
\end{table}

\subsection{Gas supply security concerns in the EU}
The impacts of the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, mainly through the implied sanctions and countermeasures \cite{Tan2022} are evolving towards a long-term EU-wide energy crisis.
According to the recent report of ENTSOG \cite{ENTSOG2022}, it is possible (if not likely) that most of the European gas storages would be depleted during the winter period and several European countries will not be able to fill storages during Summer 2023 to levels necessary to ensure security of gas supply for Winter 2023/2024.
One key conclusion of the report is that is advised to '\emph{improve the cooperation possibilities between Member States and allow for more efficient storage utilization}' in order to improve the security of gas supply. However, answering the related 'How?' question is not straightforward.
As it has been recently discussed \cite{misik2022eu}, the lack of a common external energy security policy does not allow the EU to represent itself as a single and powerful actor in international gas-trades. Similarly, the decisions connected to internal energy security policy of the EU are also mainly in national hands, and since national governments are typically not willing to give up regulatory rights, it is problematic to even consider a common gas-security policy aiming at the possibility of centralized need-based redistribution of resources. There are even EU prime ministers who, to argue against centralized initiatives, simplify the question in their rhetoric as '\emph{the plan (of the EU) is for those who run out of gas to take it away from those who have it}' \cite{Dull2022}.

In such a challenging environment, the EU might be motivated to establish centralized mechanisms based on the optional participation of member states, which are transparent and attractive enough to convince decision makers about the benefits of joining such a cooperation.
In the current paper, we aim to formulate a very simplified model of how the fundamental elements of such a cooperation might look like.
In order to do this, we define the class of transaction-constrained resource-redistribution games under uncertainty (TCRRGU), and demonstrate the operation of the
ideas on an example. The proposed TCRRGU framework is based on the following key points. The bargaining process takes place as the first phase of events. In this phase (1) every player quantitatively defines its gas demand in the form of parametrized inverse-demand functions, based on which the latter redistribution processes take place, and (2) every player quantitatively defines its level of participation ($q^P$) in the cooperation mechanism -- this quantity will limit the amount which may be redistributed among other players, but also limits the quantity the player in question may receive in the redistribution process if in need.
As we will see later, since the expected benefit of participation with a given quantity in the mechanism strongly depends on the defined participation quantities of other players, an iterative scheme is proposed for the definition of the $q^P$ values, which potentially allows the players to reach a Nash equilibrium.
The latter redistribution process (in the second phase) also depends on the accumulated resources and available transport paths, which are subjects to uncertainty. We assume that the nature and parameters of uncertainty are known for every player during the bargaining.

\subsection{Related literature}
\label{subsec_related_literature}
While there are several examples for the application of game theoretic methods for oil and gas related problems (see e.g. \cite{roson2015bargaining,hubert2015pipeline,araujo2018game,jafarzadeh2021possibility,Toufighi2022}), quantitative methods related to the economics of reservoir-usage are not prevalent.
Although there are models which aim to describe reservoir operation in the context of economic implications of CO2 storage \cite{zhang2007system,schaef2014co2}, the literature on the concept of reservoir sharing is very scarce. There are valuable results, which consider the sharing of a single reservoir, while taking into account characteristic technological features of the problem \cite{holland2009strategic,holland2013equilibrium}, but according to our current knowledge, no literature results discuss the sharing of multiple reservoirs in a networked setting under the assumption of uncertainty.

Further preliminary results, which are related to the question of accumulation and redistribution are the articles discussing risk-pricing related to gas-storage, as \cite{kiely2016market}. Regarding the question of redistribution, an asymmetric hybrid bankruptcy and Nash bargaining model for
gas distribution is presented in \cite{janjua2022asymmetric}.
Approaches which aim to capture the simultaneously competitive and cooperative aspects of gas-related issues are discussed in
\cite{schitka2014applying} and \cite{rey2020regional}.

\subsection{Motivation and aim}
\label{subsec_motivation_and_aim}
Our aim in this article is to provide a simple formal model describing how a possible centralized reservoir and network-based supply security cooperation mechanism assuming voluntary participation might look like. According to the principles of the proposed framework, each participant reports (1) an inverse demand function, describing its price-flexibility and (2) a value determining the level of cooperation in the redistribution process. After the resolution of uncertainty regarding the levels of accumulated gas in reservoirs and availability of transfer capacities, gas is redistributed among participants in order to supply those, who need it most according to the reported inverse demand function. Participants from whom gas is relocated are compensated according to a redistribution-clearing price. The redistribution process takes into account the actual transmission constraints of the network and the levels of cooperation of participants. The level of participation limits the redistribution quantity of the participant in both directions: No participant may receive more gas than this quantity, and the quantity which is reallocated at the expense of the participant, is also limited by this quantity.

We demonstrate the operation of the proposed mechanism via a simple example  and show that under the assumption of risk-averse participants, the concept shows potential. In addition, we discuss some issues implied by the proposed framework with regard to its latter implementation possibilities.

\section{Model}
\label{section_MM}

In this section we describe the model used for the description of the supply-security related accumulation-redistribution process.

\subsection{Network model}
The natural gas network is represented by a directed graph with $N$ nodes and $M$ edges. Individual nodes are representing the players of the game, with potentially different parameters (see later).
Each edge $m$ is characterized by direction-dependent capacity values. $q^+ \in \mathcal{R}^m >0$ and $q^- \in \mathcal{R}^m <0$ denote the maximal transfer capacity vectors of edges in the positive and negative direction respectively (the maximal transferable quantity of edge $m$ in the negative direction is equal to $-(q^-(m))$).
This sign convention will allow us later to use a single variable for the description of the flow on the edge, the sign of which defines the direction of the flow.

 Furthermore, the differentiation of transfer capacity over edge directions enables to describe limited directionality of pipelines, which may e.g. depend on the presence of compressor stations in various parts of the pipeline. Figure \ref{Network_1} depicts such a network, with $N=M=3$, where the edge labels include the index of the edge ($m$), and the $(q^-(m),q^+(m))$ values. Nodes are labelled with their indices ($n$).

\begin{figure}[h!]
  \centering

  \includegraphics[width=5cm]{figs/Network_1.eps}\\
  \caption{Simple example network network. Edges are labelled with their index $m$, and $q^-(m)$ and $q^+(m)$ in parentheses.}\label{Network_1}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Consumer demand}
\label{consumer_demand}
We assume that players describe their elasticity of demand via piecewise constant inverse-demand functions composed of $W$ steps as depicted in Fig. \ref{Fig_IDF_1} ($W=3$). Each piecewise constant part is characterized by two parameters: A price ($p^c$) and a consumption quantity ($q^c$). In this formalism $p^c_{n,j}$ denotes the price (per unit) level of the $j$-th step of the inverse demand function of player $n$, while $q^c_{n,j}$ defines the quantity (width) of the j-th step. The parameters of the demand functions used in the example and depicted ion Fig. \ref{Fig_IDF_1} are summarized in Table \ref{Table_IDF}.

\begin{figure}[h!]
  \centering

  \includegraphics[width=5cm]{figs/IDF1.eps}~
  \includegraphics[width=5cm]{figs/IDF2.eps}
  \includegraphics[width=5cm]{figs/IDF3.eps}
  \caption{Inverse demand functions of consumers.}\label{Fig_IDF_1}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{small}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c||c|c|c|c|c|c|}
  \hline

  $p^c_{1,1}$ & 25 & $p^c_{2,1}$ & 20 & $p^c_{3,1}$ & 25 & $q^c_{1,1}$ & 3 & $q^c_{2,1}$ & 5 & $q^c_{3,1}$ & 7 \\ \hline
  $p^c_{1,2}$ & 21 & $p^c_{2,2}$ & 17 & $p^c_{3,2}$ & 18 & $q^c_{1,2}$ & 4 & $q^c_{2,2}$ & 9 & $q^c_{3,2}$ & 4 \\ \hline
  $p^c_{1,3}$ & 13 & $p^c_{2,3}$ & 11 & $p^c_{3,3}$ & 14 & $q^c_{1,3}$ & 5 & $q^c_{2,3}$ & 10 & $q^c_{3,3}$ & 4 \\
  \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Parameters of the inverse demand functions considered in the example.} \label{Table_IDF}
\end{center}
\end{small}
\end{table}

\subsection{Uncertainty}

We take uncertainty into account on two levels. First, we assume that it is uncertain, how successful the players are in accumulating resources (i.e. filling their reservoirs to fully cover their demand). Second we assume that the state of the pipeline network is also subject to uncertainty in the sense that external flows ('external' in the sense that they are not related to the supply-security cooperation) might limit the redistribution of resources.

To model the uncertainty-related phenomena, we consider a two-stage timeline ($t=0$ and $t=1$). Uncertainty is represented in the model by a finite number of '\emph{states of nature}' or '\emph{scenarios}', one of which is randomly realized at stage 2. The total number of scenarios is equal to $S$. State of nature $s$ occurs with probability $p_s$ at the second stage and $\sum_{s=1}^{S} p_s=1$. This representation of uncertainty modelling is used in the financial literature discussing risk measures and allocations (see e.g. \cite{csoka2009stable}). In our model each scenario $s$ is defined by an ordered tuple $(R_s,q^{-}_s,q^+_s)$, where $R_s \in \mathcal{R}^n$ defines the amount of resources available for the players in the case of the scenario $s$, while $q^- \leq q^-_s \leq 0$ and $0 \leq q^+_s \leq q^+$ define the available transfer capacities of edges in the case of the scenario $s$.

In the case of our simple example, let us assume $S=4$ and $p_s=0.25 ~~\forall s \in \{1 ,...,S\}$. Furthermore let the scenario parameters be as described in equations (\ref{eq_q_scen}) and (\ref{eq_r_scen}), where $q^+_s$ and $q^-_s$ are describing the available edge capacities in the case of scenario $s$ in positive and negative directions respectively, and $r_s$ is the vector of available resources (gas amount in the reservoir) in the case of the scenario $s$ ($r_s(n)$ corresponds to the resource of player $n$).

\begin{small}
\begin{align}
&q^-_1=\left(
        \begin{array}{c}
          -7 \\
          -3 \\
          -4 \\
        \end{array}
      \right)
~~
q^+_1=\left(
        \begin{array}{c}
          7 \\
          5 \\
          12 \\
        \end{array}
      \right)
~~
q^-_2=\left(
        \begin{array}{c}
          -5 \\
          -12 \\
          -7 \\
        \end{array}
      \right)
~~
q^+_2=\left(
        \begin{array}{c}
          12 \\
          0 \\
          12 \\
        \end{array}
      \right)
\nonumber \\
&q^-_3=\left(
        \begin{array}{c}
          -1 \\
          -12 \\
          -1 \\
        \end{array}
      \right)
~~
q^+_3=\left(
        \begin{array}{c}
          12 \\
          1 \\
          12 \\
        \end{array}
      \right)
~~
q^-_4=\left(
        \begin{array}{c}
          -5 \\
          -12 \\
          -6 \\
        \end{array}
      \right)
~~
q^+_4=\left(
        \begin{array}{c}
          12 \\
          0 \\
          12 \\
        \end{array}
      \right)
      \label{eq_q_scen}
      \\
 &     r_1=[ 12 ~~ 12 ~~ 12]~~~r_2=[ 6  ~~  21  ~~  13]~~~r_3=[  10 ~~   16  ~~   8]~~~r_4=[6  ~~  17 ~~   13]       \label{eq_r_scen}
\end{align}
\end{small}

\subsection{The redistribution process}

Let us assume that the vector describing the levels of participation, denoted by $q^P$ is defined ($q^P(n)$ is the participation level of player $n$) -- later we will return to the question of how these values are determined.
The redistribution process is described by an optimization problem, where the resources available in the particular scenario ($r_S$) are redistributed to maximize the total utility of gas consumption (i.e. gas is routed to those who need it most), while considering the participation levels and transmission constraints of the scenario. The linear program of the redistribution process in the case of scenario $s$ is described by the formulas (\ref{obj_fnc})-(\ref{constr_conservation}).

\begin{small}
\begin{align}
&\max_x Ux ~~~\text{w.r.t.} \label{obj_fnc} \\
& -q^P(n) \leq \sum_{i\in E^{in}_n} f_i - \sum_{i\in E^{out}_n} f_i \leq q^P(n) ~~~~\forall ~n\label{constr_particip} \\
& \sum_{i\in E^{in}_n} f_i - \sum_{i\in E^{out}_n} f_i - \sum_w c_{n,w} + r_s(n)=0 ~~~~\forall ~n \label{constr_conservation}
\end{align}
\end{small}

The variable vector $x \in \mathcal{R}^{M+nW}$ of the problem is composed as

\begin{small}
\begin{equation}
x=\left(
    \begin{array}{c}
      f \\
      c \\
    \end{array}
  \right).
\end{equation}
\end{small}
$f \in \mathcal{R}^{M}$ denotes the vector of edge flows $f=[f_1,~...,f_M]^T$, where $f_m$ is the signed flow of edge $m$ ($q^-_s(m) \leq f_m \leq q^+_s(m)$), and
 $c \in \mathcal{R}^{nW}$ is the vector of consumptions $c=[c_{1,1},~c_{1,2},~...,c_{N,W}]$, where $c_{n,w}$ is the consumption related to the $w$-th step of the inverse demand function of player $n$ ($0\leq c_{n,w} \leq q^c_{n,w}$).

The objective function described by (\ref{obj_fnc}), where $U$ is composed as  $U=[0^{1 \times M},~p^c_{1,1},~...,~p^c_{N,W}]$.
Constraint (\ref{constr_particip}) describes that the difference of the total inflow and outflow of any node is constrained by the respective participation level ($q^P$) from both above and below for each node $n$. In this formalism, $E^{in}_n$ and $E^{out}_n$ denotes the set of incoming and outgoing edge indices of node $n$ respectively.
The conservation constraint (\ref{constr_conservation}) describes that the sum of inflows minus the sum of outflows must be equal to the consumption minus the available resources for each node $n$.

\subsection{Compensation}

During the redistribution process (if the outcome is non-trivial, i.e. a nonzero redistribution takes place), the reserves (thus the consumption utility) of some participants are decreased, while those to whom the gas is redistributed gain additional consumption utility.
The resulting consumption utility ($U^c$) of each player may be easily derived based on the respective inverse demand function, and the (resulting) available amount of resource.

In the proposed framework we assume that those players who receive additional gas during the redistribution have to financially compensate those, who suffer a decrease in their reservoir levels. The compensation is based on the redistribution clearing price ($RCP_s$ denotes the redistribution clearing price in the case of scenario $s$). $RCP_s$ is calculated as follows. If a nonzero redistribution takes place, the resulting consumption for at least a subset of players is not equal to the resources originally available for them. The marginal utility increment of player $n$ in the case of the scenario $s$ ($\mu_s(n)$) is defined as the utility increment (or decrement) implied by the last unit of gas redistributed to (or from) $n$.

To give an example, assuming the inverse demand functions depicted in Fig. \ref{Fig_IDF_1} and summarized in Table \ref{Table_IDF}, if player 3 had originally 5 units of gas in the case of scenario $s$ ($r_s(3)=5$) and during the redistribution it receives an additional 5 units ($\sum_w c_{3,w}=10$), then $\mu_s(3)=18$, since the last unit of received gas implied an utility increase of 18 units. According to this, $RCP_s$ is defined as described in eq. (\ref{eq_RCP_s}).

\begin{equation}\label{eq_RCP_s}
  RCP_s= \frac{\min_{n: \mu_s(n)>0} \mu_s(n) + \max_{n: \mu_s(n)<0} (-\mu_s(n)) }{2}
\end{equation}

The financial utilities of players, denoted by $U^f$ is defined by transactions related to redistribution, cleared on the price of $RCP_s$.
As we will see shortly, the sum of the change in the consumption utility due to redistribution ($\Delta U^c$) and the financial utility is always nonnegative for each player by construction, since gas is redistributed to those players, who value it the most, according to the reported inverse demand functions.

\subsection{Example scenario calculation}

Before we proceed with the definition of additional elements of the framework, connected to the choice of the $q^P$ values, to give an example for the application of the assumptions defined above, let us calculate the outcome of scenario 1, assuming $q^P=[2~~2~~4]$. According to eq. (\ref{eq_r_scen}), the available resources are equal to 12 units for each of the players in the case of this scenario. If we solve the optimization problem (\ref{obj_fnc})-(\ref{constr_conservation}) taking into consideration the inverse demand functions defined in table \ref{Table_IDF} (and depicted in Figs. \ref{Fig_IDF_1}), and the pipeline capacity constraints defined in eq. (\ref{eq_q_scen}), we obtain the solution, in which 2 units of gas from player 1 are redistributed to player 2, via edge 1 (implying a flow of -2 because of counter-directionality).
This implies that the vector of consumption utilities ($U^c$) changes from $[224~~219~~261]$ (the reference $U^c$ vector of the scenario, implied by $r_1$ without redistribution) to $[198~~253~~261]$ thanks to the redistribution process.
In this case $RCP_1=15$, implying $U^f=[30~~-30~~0]$.

We may calculate the other scenarios similarly. In scenario 2, two units of gas are redistributed from player 2 to players 1 and 3 (1 unit for each), implying a resulting $U^c=[159~~308~~289]$ and $U^f=[-12.5~~25~~-12.5]$. Regarding scenario 3, players 1 and 2 both provide 2 units of gas for player 3, resulting in
$U^c=[172~~253~~261]$ and $U^f=[27~~27~~-54]$. Finally, in scenario 4, two units of gas are redistributed from player 2 to players 1 and 3 (1 unit for each), implying a resulting $U^c=[159~~264~~289]$ and $U^f=[-12.5~~25~~-12.5]$.
Table \ref{Table_UcUf} summarizes the utility results for the various scenarios.

\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{small}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c||c|c|c|c|}
  \hline

  scenario  & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\ \hline
  $U^c(1)$ & 224 (198) & 159 (138)& 172 (198) & 159 (138) \\
  $U^c(2)$ & 219 (253) & 308 (330)& 253 (275) & 264 (286) \\
  $U^c(3)$ & 261 (261) & 289 (275)& 261 (193) & 289 (275) \\
  $U^f(1)$ & 30        & -12.5    & 27        & -12.5 \\
  $U^f(2)$ & -30       & 25       & 27        & 25 \\
  $U^f(3)$ & 0         & -12.5    & -54       & -12.5 \\
  $RCP$    & 15        & 12.5     &  13.5     &  12.5 \\
  \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Resulting consumption and financial utilities and $RCP$ values in the example. In the rows of $U^c$ the original $U^c$ values without redistribution is indicated in parentheses.} \label{Table_UcUf}
\end{center}
\end{small}
\end{table}

\subsection{Risk measure and aversion}

Let us emphasize that the model elements described up to this point are the principles, which may serve as basis for a voluntary redistribution mechanism (based on the choice of $q^P$ for each player). In the following, we will be interested in considerations, based on which players may determine their level of participation ($p^P$), and show that assuming risk-averse players, the framework indeed motivates players for participation.

First, we have to define how players of the game measure the risk in this context. For this aim, we will use the concept of expected shortfall (ES) \cite{acerbi2002coherence,adam2008spectral}, which is a coherent measure of risk \cite{artzner1999coherent}.
The $\alpha$-expected shortfall is calculated as the expected value of the worst $\alpha~\%$ of the scenarios.
Here, we assume that the players consider the value of $U^c$ as basis of their calculations, and in this simple example we use the $\alpha=25\%$ expected shortfall.
In this very case, the ES value of each player may be calculated as taking the worst $U^c$ value over the possible (4) scenarios.

First, we may compare the ES values of players, without or with cooperation, assuming $q^P=[0~~0~~0]$ and $q^P=[2~~2~~4]$ respectively.
Based on table \ref{Table_UcUf} we may easily conclude, that the ES values are increased with the cooperation: From 138 to 159, from 219 to 253 and from 193 to 261 in the case of player 1, 2 and 3 respectively. This increase in the ES values of players clearly shows that cooperation (with $q^P=[2~~2~~4]$ in this case) reduces the risk for the players.

\subsection{The implied nonzero-sum matrix game}

Are the values $q^P=[2~~2~~4]$ the most efficient choices for players to reduce risk, i.e. to maximize their ES values in the current context? In general, the resulting ES value of player $n$ in the case of choosing $q^P(n)$ clearly depends on the choice of $q^P$ of other players (e.g. if other players choose $q^P=0$, it is sure that the cooperation will not bring any benefit for player $i$). Thus, the framework defines a nonzero-sum matrix game, where the strategy space of the players is given by their possible choices of $q^P$, and their payoff is their respective ES value in the resulting multi-player strategy space. If we constrain the possible set of choices for $q^P$ for integer values for simplicity, we can also state that $q^P=[2~~2~~4]$ is a Nash-equilibrium of this non-cooperative game.

\section{Discussion}
\label{sec_discussion}

\subsection{Equilibrium aspects}

The reader may ask, how the equilibrium point of the example ha been determined, or in general, how is it possible to determine equilibrium point(s) of the implied non-cooperative game. Although the main aims of this article do not include to deeply discuss the equilibrium properties of the non-cooperative game class implied by the TCRRGU problem, let us formulate some observations.

The iterative application of best-response strategies (see e.g. \cite{csercsik2015traffic}) potentially leads to equilibrium. In the case of the proposed example, the initial $q^P$ vector was determined based on the parameters of the inverse-demand functions, as $q^P(0)=[5~~10~~4]$, i.e. all players defined their initial $q^P$ value as the quantity parameter of the last step of their inverse demand function. Iterating the best response functions in this case led to an equilibrium after 3 steps.

Even in the case of the proposed simple example, this equilibrium is not unique. All of the vectors $q^P=[1~~1~~1]$, $q^P=[1~~2~~1]$ $q^P=[2~~2~~4]$ $q^P=[1~~2~~3]$ show the equilibrium property, i.e. no player $n$ is able to increase its own $ES$ value by unilaterally changing $q^P(n)$ (if we restrain ourselves on integer values regarding the level of participation).

\subsection{On incentive compatibility}

Let us return to a key assumption of the proposed framework for some discussion. The cooperation framework is based on the reported inverse demand functions, which are used in the objective function of the optimization steps. It is easy to see that if a player submits an inverse demand function with high price-parameters, it is likely that the gas will be redistributed for him/her in most of the scenarios. However, as we have seen the $RCP$ is also determined by marginal utilities, and such a strategy will likely result in the increase of the $RCP$, thus it implies more loss for the player through $U^f$ (since the gas is redistributed to him/her, he/she will have to pay for it). Let us emphasize that this does not mean at all that the proposed framework necessary motivates players to reveal the parameters of their true inverse-demand functions -- this, and more details related to incentive-compatibility \cite{nisan2007} may be the subject of later studies.

\subsection{Potential practical implementation}

A further simplification of the proposed model is that it has been assumed that the possible scenarios and their realization probabilities are determined and known for each player. In practice, the uncertainty is much less defined, and various players potentially have different beliefs about it, and they calculate their risk measures and strategies according to these individual considerations. In other words, an abstract game such as the one proposed will be never realized in practice, which also implies that the theoretical properties of the proposed formal model shortly discussed above (equilibrium aspects and incentive compatibility) would have moderate significance in the case of a potential realized application. Nevertheless, some elements of the proposed model and its solution concepts (like reporting of inverse demand functions, iterative determination of the levels of participation) may represent useful approaches in the process of designing realistic mechanisms in the future.

Altogether, our main aim in this article was to show that under textbook-like simplifying assumptions, such a cooperative model assuming a transparent mechanism and voluntary participation may indeed work, and such approaches may exhibit potential, when one would like to answer the question '\emph{How to improve supply-security related cooperation of the EU-member countries, and improve the more (internationally) efficient usage of storage facilities}'.

\section{Conclusions}
\label{sec_conclusions}

Regarding the usage of storage facilities, there are two possible ways to enhance the supply security of the EU for the following years.
(1) To constitute EU-level reserves and redistribution mechanisms, which aim to help the member states in potential future need. Since under the current circumstances, the construction/exploitation of new reservoirs and gas for this aim seems not realistic in the short term, this approach would require the partial expropriation of national gas reserves and/or reservoir capacities. Such centralized approaches are likely to meet resistance by countries who consider that they made more sacrifices and effort for their own supply security in the past than others. We do not argue that such initiatives are necessary doomed, but it is possible that obtaining a sufficient political support for such a regulation framework will be challenging.
(2) The EU might also act as a catalyst of voluntary supply security cooperations by defining the appropriate transparent and predictable regulatory frameworks. Such approaches may complement or maybe even partially substitute the initiatives of the first type to further enhance the dynamism and flexibility of the reaction of the Union in the case of an emergency event. Based on simple computational modelling studies, this paper argues that multilateral voluntary supply security cooperation mechanisms may have significant potential in reducing the individual risk of participants.

\section{Acknowledgments}
This work has been supported by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences under
its Momentum Programme LP2021-2 and by the J\'{a}nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences

\newpage

 \bibliographystyle{plain}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The section of the Thelon River designated to the Canadian Heritage Rivers System includes the river's entire middle and lower reaches, consisting of the 545 km from Warden's Grove on the western border of the Thelon Wildlife Sanctuary to the community of Baker Lake, Nunavut. The upper stretch of the river, and the majority of the designated Heritage River is protected within theThelon Wildlife Sanctuary.
The Thelon is the largest river in Canada flowing into Hudson Bay. The designated section of the river starts 110 km east of Great Slave Lake, in the Northwest Territories, near Whitefish Lake, and flows north and eastward across the barren lands into Baker Lake and Chesterfield Inlet, before entering the Hudson Bay. The river has impressive scenic features, such as extensive flats of pure white sand at the Thelon-Hanbury junction; 15 metre high sand embankments fringed by boulder beaches at Thelon Bluffs; and rapids that course through sandstone cliffs.
The pristine wilderness surrounding the Thelon provides abundant and diverse wildlife habitat. Its taiga and boreal forest support a unique variety of boreal and arctic species. The Thelon Wildlife Sanctuary protects the breeding grounds of the muskox, which are often seen along the river's length, as well as part of the calving grounds of the Beverly caribou herd, thousands of which can be seen along the river during their migration. The caribou attract predators and sightings of wolves, wolverines and grizzlies are common.
Bird species found along the river include peregrine falcons, gyrfalcons, golden and bald eagles, as well as rough-legged hawks, and in the boreal forest of the upper Thelon, great grey owls and merlins. Tundra swans and four species of loons nest on lakes along the river.
The upper reaches of the Thelon River, upstream of the portion of the river now designated as a Heritage River, are part of the traditional territory of the Dene. Des Yá Tué is the Dënesųłıné name that refers to section of the Thelon River located approximately 140 kilometres west of the NWT-Nunavut border. This area and the surrounding lakes are used in the wintertime by Akaitcho Dene. Des Yá Tué eventually flows into Łu Cho Tué (Whitefish Lake) which is a place where the Akaitcho Dene harvest whitefish.
For many centuries, the lands surrounding the Thelon River have been seasonal hunting grounds for the Caribou Inuit people. A trip on the river is truly a voyage back in time. Perhaps the most dramatic glimpse of past and present Inuit culture is the inukshuk – a pile of rocks standing as markers on the landscape. Inukshuks mark almost every vital aspect of Inuit life, and are found on water routes, and caribou migratory paths, at river crossings, fishing spots, campsites, lookouts, and food caches. Inuit called the portion of the river from Shultz Lake to Baker Lake Kangirjuak, with different names given to the individual lakes west of Shultz Lake.
Archaeological sites, structures and artefacts are plentiful and protected under federal and territorial laws – they must be respected and left undisturbed. Much of the area's prehistory can be learned from these sites. More modern camps and land use areas may be found along the lower reaches of the River as it nears Baker Lake and the community of the same name.
The Thelon offers a first-class wilderness canoeing experience, though the canoeing season is short, lasting only eight to ten weeks from late June to mid-August. Route options include the Hanbury-to-Thelon route, although the first stretch on the Hanbury River is extremely arduous, as the spectacular waterfalls at Dickson Canyon and Helen Falls require strenuous portages. An alternate journey beginning on the upper Thelon River is equally demanding, with numerous rapids and a challenging portage of several kilometres around the Thelon Canyon. The 10-12 day journey downriver from the Hanbury-Thelon confluence to Baker Lake is less difficult. It has some fast water stretches, but it is generally free of portages.
The Thelon is a prime location for fishing trophy lake trout, arctic char, grayling, whitefish, cisco, slimy and spoonhead sculpin, and lake chub. Due to its location within two Territorial jurisdictions, fishing licenses are required for both Northwest Territories and for Nunavut portions of the river.
The Thelon River is managed through a collaboration of several community partners, which is jointly coordinated by Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of Northwest Territories and Nunavut Parks and Special Places, a division of the Government of Nunavut.
The ree line follows the Thelon partway up into what would otherwise be sub-arctic tundra, creating an 'oasis' where wildlife from two ecosystems come together, resulting in the unusual diversity of wildlife the area is known for.


text:
Q: Set raw values in Google Sheets through App Script The behaviour of Google Sheets App Script Range.setValues function seems to be tied to the number format of the cell to be modified:

*

*If you set Format->Number->Automatic, it will try to parse numeric strings as numbers.

*If you set Format->Number->Plain text, it will coerce boolean false to string "false".

What I'd much enjoy is a sensible behaviour similar to Google Sheets API v4, where you can force it to interpret values as raw.
What I am looking for is unambiguous behaviour, where javascript

*

*string "" stays string.

*number 1.23 stays number.

*boolean true stays boolean.

*Date Date(...) stays date.

Does anyone know whether something like that is possible?

A: There is a workaround for when you have Format->Number->Automatic.
function sanitizeData(data) {
  return data.map(function(row) {
    return row.map(function(value) {
      return typeof value === 'string' ? "'" + value : value;
    });
  });
}

This will fail if the Number Format is explicitly set to Plain Text. However, you can clear the formatting using the clear(options) method.


Richland County Commission on Aging provides transit services to Seniors through Richland County Transportation Service (RCTS). RCTS is a public transit service that provides door to door service to its passengers. For complete information about RCTS click here or call 433-RIDE (7433).
The suggested donation for Seniors (age 60 and over) is $1 per stop if reservations are made at least a day in advance or $5 per stop if reservations are made the same day. As with all our programs, Seniors will not be refused a service due to an inability to pay.