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Don't Pick Poison: When Gathering Mushrooms for Food in Michigan (E2777)
November 10, 2015 - Author: Heather Hallen
At least 50 of the larger species of wild mushrooms that grow in Michigan are known to be poisonous. There may be more.
The ultimate decision whether to eat a wild mushroom is yours. Michigan State University, the Michigan Department of Public Health, the authors of this publication and those contributing to the subject matter assume no responsibility for the safety or well-being of any mushroom collector.
What is a poisonous mushroom?
For the purposes of this bulletin, we define a poisonous mushroom as one that may be expected to have an adverse effect on a sizable percentage of the population the majority of the time. This definition excludes idiosyncratic reactions and allergies that may cause a person to have an adverse reaction to a usually edible mushroom. Just as some people are allergic to wheat or peanut butter, some people are allergic to certain mushrooms.
Approximately 2,500 species of large, fleshy wild mushrooms grow in Michigan. By "large and fleshy" we mean those fungi big enough to be seen and large enough to make a meal when collected in quantity.
The number would be increased by several thousand if microscopic fungi were included in the count. Within our approximately 2,500 large species, at least 50 species are known to be poisonous. Anywhere from 60 to 100 species are regarded as generally safe for eating.
How can you tell them apart? You cannot determine whether a mushroom is poisonous or safe by any easy, magic method. You must learn to positively identify each individual mushroom you pick for food.
Poisonous wild mushrooms grow in Michigan
From documented case histories and from the scientific literature, we have compiled a partial list of Michigan mushrooms known to be poisonous. Some are deadly; others, discomforting. Species that have caused rare deaths under special circumstances are marked with an asterisk; those that are frequently deadly are marked with two asterisks. Hallucinogenic species are marked with t.
Mushrooms that are predominantly poisonous
Agaricus praeclarosquamosus
Amanita bisporigera**
Amanita cothurnata
Amanita muscaria*t
Amanita pantherina*
Amanita phalloides**
Amanita spreta
Amanita tenuifolia**
Amanita velatipes
Amanita verna**
Amanita virosa**
Boletus luridus
Boletus satanus
Boletus subvelutipes
Chlorophyllum molybdites
Citocybe clavipes(with alcohol)
Clitocybe dealbata
Clitocybe morbifera
Conocybe filaris
Conocybe lacteal
Coprinus atramentarius (with alcohol)
Coprinus insignis
Genus Cortinarius** (Cortinarius contains more than 1,000 species. Most have not been tested or are of unknown edibility; some, such as C. orellanus, are deadly poisonous.)
Genus Entoloma
Genus Galerina**
Gomphus floccosus
Gymnopilus spectabilist
Genus Gyromitra** (Gyromitra esculenta, G. brunnea)
Hebeloma crustuliniforme
Hebeloma sinapizans
Hypholoma (Naematoloma) fasciculare
Genus Inocybe
Lactarius pallidus
Lactarius scrobiculatus
Lactarius torminosus
Lepiota subincarnata**
Omphalotus illudens
Panaeolus subalteatus
Paxillus involutus*
Pholiota squarrosoides
Psathyrella foetidissimat
Psilocybe caerulipest
Psilocybe (Stropharia) cubensist
Ramaria apiculate
Ramaria formosa
Russula emetic
Sarcosphaera crassa
Scleroderma citrinum
Tricholoma pardinum
Tircholoma saponaceum
Tricoloma subacutum
Tricholoma vaccinum
Tricholoma venenata
Edible mushrooms that occasionally cause gastric distress
Laetiporus sulfereus
Lepiota naucina
Verpa bohemica
In addition, most edible mushrooms can cause gastrointestinal distress if eaten raw. Armillaria mellea, the stumper or honey mushroom; Lepista nuda, the blewit; and Morchella species, the morels, are particularly egregious in this regard.
Some mushrooms myths
1. "If an animal eats it, I can eat it." This is not true. Squirrels and rabbits can safely eat the Amanita mushrooms, which are deadly poisonous to people.
2. "If I eat a little bit, wait for a while, and do not get sick, the mushroom is safe." The most dangerous mushroom toxins known have a delayed action. Amatoxins (deadly toxins in several mushrooms) cause painful symptoms only after 6 to 14 hours, but the onset of symptoms can be delayed for 36 hours or more. Symptoms of poisoning by Cortinarius toxins may take from 10 days to three weeks to occur.
3. "Cooking the mushroom will destroy the toxin." There is no way to destroy most of the dangerous mushroom toxins. Cooking is recommended for all mushrooms because it will break down some of the mushroom sugars that we cannot digest. A few fungal tosins are destroyed by cooking, but the majority of toxins are not.
4. "Tests" to distinguish poisonous mushrooms from wholesome ones are not to be trusted. Folk tradition has given rise to a number of tests: a poisonous mushroom is supposed to darken a silver is supposed to eliminate the poison; a mushroom is supposed to be safe if you can peel the cap; mushrooms growing on wood are supposed to be safe. These are invariably false. THE ONLY RELIABLE WAY TO DISTINGUISH A POISONOUS MUSHROOM FROM AN EDIBLE ONE IS TO LEARN TO IDENTIFY THE INDIVIDUAL SPECIES.
Why are mushrooms poisonous?
Sometimes the poison appears to serve a defensive role. Certain species of Russala and Lactarius are extremely peppery and will burn your mouth if you taste them. The burning, acrid taste effectively prevents people and animals from eating the mushroom, allowing it to mature and release its spores.
In other fungi, the purpose (if any) of the poison is not so clear-cut. The deadly Amanita species, unfortunately, are reported to be good-tasting. This trait, in combination with the characteristic delay before any symptoms appear, would imply that the toxin is not a very good defensive compound—at least not against humans. The toxins may have evolved to discourage insect larvae.
Some toxins may serve some other, unidentified role in the fungus, and the physiological effect that the chemical has on us may be mere coincidence. And some toxins may have no role and may simply be waste products. The mushroom is the most disposable part of the fungal organism.
Why are people poisoned?
Many cases of poisoning occur in immigrants who are not familiar with the local mushroom flora. A person may have safely collected a familiar mushroom in his/her native land and then moved to a place where very similar-looking but poisonous mushrooms occur.
Children are particularly susceptible to mushroom poisoning, for a variety of reasons. Toddlers go through a "grazing" phase, in which anything the child can reach is put into its mouth. Slightly older children may not realize that there's a difference between the mushrooms that grow in the yard. Because children are smaller than adults and are still developing, the dose required to make a child ill is often smaller than that required for an adult. Symptoms of poisoning may differ and are often more severe in children.
Mushroom poisoning often occurs in those attempting to get high on "magic mushrooms". This poisoning is usually due to mistaken identity, which results in highly toxic species being inadvertently collected. Most hallucinogenic species are little brown mushrooms and, as such, look a great deal like other little brown mushrooms, some of which can be deadly. Since the 1960s, there have been numerous severe poisonings of people who consumed Galerina species that they mistook for Psilocybe species.
Hunting and gathering wild mushrooms for food can be an immensely rewarding experience. You can enjoy pleasant excursions in the woods and experience the satisfaction of collecting wonderfully flavorful mushrooms for food. But you MUST take the time to learn about the mushrooms you collect before you risk your health or life for the sake of a meal.
What can you do to protect yourself?
Mushroom poisoning is eminently avoidable. The only way you can be poisoned by a mushroom is by eating a poisonous mushroom.
1. Never eat any mushroom unless you know what it is. You presumably would not pick wild raspberries unless you could tell a raspberry from deadly nightshade; by the same token, you should not collect mushrooms for food unless you can distinguish the food species from the poisonous species.
a) Use a reliable field guide that was written for your region of the country. Read the descriptions of the mushrooms carefully; do not just rely on the pictures. Colored pictures are aids to identification, nothing more. Many mushrooms are extremely variable. Most books can spare only one or two pictures per mushrooms and cannot demonstrate the full range of appearances.
b) Participate in a class on mushroom identification. Both Michigan State University and the University of Michigan offer such classes in the fall; additionally, special workshops may be available. MSU Extension and Michigan Technical University have been offering a weekend-long workshop on edible and poisonous mushrooms of Michigan the past several years in September.
c) Go on mushroom hunts with knowledgeable persons. The classes and workshops mentioned above have a mushroom-hunting component. The Michigan Mushroom Hunters' Club is an amateur society that holds forays virtually every weekend throughout the mushroom season.
d) Dig up each mushroom you collect to get the entire base. Do not simply cut the stalk at the soil line. The sac at the base that enables you to identify a poisonous Amanita may be buried under the soil or duff.
e) Take a spore print of each species you collect (see page 13).
2. Never eat raw mushrooms. Even mushrooms that are commonly edible contain sugars and enzymes that we cannot properly digest and that will cause problems unless they are broken down by cooking.
3. Never eat old or decaying mushrooms. Many cases of "mushroom poisoning" are actually cases of food poisoning due to spoilage bacteria contaminating the mushroom. Always make sure your mushrooms are free of insect larvae. Slice through the mushroom from top to bottom to check for insect tunnels.
4. Be careful the first time you eat a mushroom. Just as some people are allergic to wheat flour, strawberries or peanuts, some people are allergic to certain mushrooms. Do not assume that because you can eat some mushrooms safely, you can eat them all.
5. Any time you sample a new species, save a whole uncooked specimen in identification in case you should get sick. It is easier for a mycologist or physician to identify a whole specimen than to try to make an identification based on stomach contents.
6. Try new species one at a time; if you do become sick, it is easier to identify the culprit if you ate only one type of mushroom rather than several types.
7. Do not overindulge. Even the best, safest mushrooms may be difficult to digest if eaten in large quantities. The fungal cell wall is made of chitin, a sugar that we cannot digest.
8. Respect others. Many people are very frightened of any mushrooms that do not come from the store. They want nothing to do with wild mushrooms, no matter how safe or delicious the mushroom is. Respect this and do not force your mushrooms on anybody else.
Mushroom biology/mushroom anatomy
To be sure of the identity of a mushroom, we must have an understanding of mushroom morphology and anatomy. To safely identify mushrooms, we must learn to recognize the component parts that make it possible to distinguish an edible mushroom from a poisonous one. The diagram of the development of a poisonous Amanita at right provides an introduction to fungal anatomy.
White Amanita mushrooms are poisonous at all stages
a) An Amanita spore lands on a supply of food in a suitable environment. It germinates and produces a vegetative growth called mycelium composed of many fine, hairlike threads called hyphae.
b) A nodule develops in the mycelium, which will become a button, then expand into the fruiting body (mushroom) of the fungus.
c) The egg-shaped button of the Amanita is encased in a thick membrane called a universal veil. At this stage, it can be mistaken for an edible puffball.
d) The developing mushroom pushes through the universal veil membrane, leaving a cuplike structure (the volva) at the base of the stalk. The volva may be below the surface of the soil or duff. As the stalk elongates, another membrane (the partial veil) is evident. It covers the gills beneath the cap, reaching from the stalk to the cap margin.
e) When the cap expands and begins to flatten, the partial veil breaks away at the margin of the cap but remains attached to the stalk. The soft membrane attached to the stalk forms a skirt called an annulus or ring.
f) When mature, the cap may be nearly flat. The spores have developed and ripened on the sides of the gills. The gills are exposed and the spores can drop freely into air currents to be carried off to continue the cycle of growth and reproduction. The partial veil hangs as a ring on the stalk, and the universal veil forms the volva at the base of the stalk, which may be out of sight beneath the surface of the soil. This beautiful, pure white mushroom has earned the titles "angel of death" and "destroying angel".
Other mushrooms follow a similar course of development, with some variations. Amanita species are the only fungi to possess both a volva (universal veil) and an annulus (partial veil).
One very important feature in the identification of many mushrooms is the spore color. This can easily be determined by making a spore print. Cut off the cap of a mature mushroom and set it on a piece of paper, gill surface down. It is helpful to put a bowl or a glass over the mushroom to keep the mushroom from drying out and to reduce air currents. Leave the mushroom for a couple of hours, then lift it off the paper. An accumulation of spores should be present. Use white or black paper (colored paper can give a distorted impression). Ideally, you could use a piece of paper that is half black and half white. Some amateur mushroom clubs have such paper available, or it is easy to make some yourself at a copy center. Amanita species and many other mushrooms have white to cream-colored spores that will not show up clearly on white paper. Other mushrooms may have colored, dark brown or black spores.
Mushroom Toxins
The vast majority of mushroom poisoning are not serious. Gastrointestinal symptoms shortly after ingestion of the mushroom are the most common symptoms. These may be quite severe and may cause great discomfort for a day or two, but they will usually pass on their own. In extreme cases, hospitalization may be necessary to combat dehydration. If symptoms occur within two hours following ingestion of the mushroom, it is a good sign because the most dangerous mushroom toxins rarely cause symptoms before six hours after ingestion.
Each of the major mushroom toxins is discussed individually below. Poisindex numbers are listed, followed by the usual symptoms and treatment, if known. Poisindex refers to the Poisindex system widely used by hospitals and poisoning centers. This classification may mean nothing to you but will be of help to a poisoning center or physician.
The usual symptoms are listed next, followed by treatment, if known. It is not within the scope of this publication to prescribe treatment. When treatments are known, they will be listed, but in all cases a medical doctor should be consulted. Many treatments are not available outside of a hospital, and self-treatment can be more dangerous than no treatment at all. Further details about the poisoning follow, as well as the identifying features of the mushrooms and other useful information. Finally, look-alikes are discussed. If you are collecting mushrooms for food, make certain that you have not collected a poisonous species that resembles the mushroom you want.
Amatoxins (Class A/ Poisindex group 1)
Mushrooms: Certain fungi in the genera Amanita, Galerina, Lepiota, and Conocybe.
Symptoms: Severe gastrointestinal distress (stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhea) begins at least six hours following ingestion. This phase lasts for a day or two, followed by a remission in which the patient feels better. In the third phase, the patient feels better. In the third phase, the patient may fall into a coma or die as a result of liver and kidney failure.
Treatment: No known antidote. The stomach can be emptied (emesis or gastric lavage) shortly after ingestion; if more than two hours have passed, however, this will not be effective. Treatment is decided on case-by-case basis and involves careful monitoring of the patient's liver enzyme levels and general condition. Charcoal filtration of the blood may be performed. Liver transplant may be considered.
Description: Amatoxins are small chemicals technically known as bicyclic octapeptides. These are responsible for the vast majority of known mushroom fatalities. Amatoxins are found in fungi in four unrelated genera: Amanita, Galerina, Lepiota, and Conocybe; all four occur in Michigan. Amatoxin poisoning is particularly dangerous because symptoms are delayed anywhere from 6 to 36 hours after the mushroom is eaten, with an average delay of 12 hours. By the time the patient feels sick, it is too late for emesis or gastric lavage to be of any use.
Amanita species cause the majority of poisonings because they are the only amatoxin-producing mushrooms that are large enough to be tempting to those seeking a meal. Amanita species are usually easy to recognize because of their possession of a volva (cuplike structure) at the base of the stalk, an annulus (ring) around the mid- to upper portion of the stalk, white, free gills, and a white or light-colored spore print (see diagram and photos). Amanita is the only genus to possess both an annulus and a volva. The volva may be buried an annulus and a volva. The volva may be buried in the duff. ANY mushroom being collected for food should be dug up out of the ground (not cut off at ground level) to determine whether it has a volva. In some species, the volva is fragile and may be lost or destroyed when the mushroom is removed. The annulus may also be fragile and may or may not be present in the mature mushroom. To be on the safe side, be wary of eating any mushroom possessing any of these characters.
Amanita species are usually associated with trees, though the association may not be immediately obvious-the tree may be several yards away from the mushroom. Amanita species are common in Michigan parks, woodlands and recreation areas from late June until the end of the mushroom season in November.
Amanita bisporiger, A. verna and A. virosa are known as the destroying angels. These are medium to large mushrooms that are often a pristine, satiny white. There is some debate about their classification, and they can be distinguished to species only with a microscope. All white Amanitai species should be considered deadly.
Amatoxin-producing Lepiota species are small (the caps are usually less than 2 inches in diameter). They possess free gills, white spores and an annulus is loosely attached and can often be slid up and down the stalk. Young specimens may have reddish brown caps; older ones will have reddish brown scales on a white background. Small Lepiotas are difficult to identify, and none should be eaten. Despite their diminutive size, these species can contain up to 100 times the toxin of a much larger deadly Amanita.
Galerina and Conocybe species are little brown mushrooms and are not particularly appetizing. Both yield brown spore prints. Galerina grows on decaying wood, while Conocybe tends to inhabit lawns. Conocybe filaris is the only Conocybe species known to produce amatoxins, but other species known to produce amatoxins, but other species may as well; they have not been widely tested. Conocybe lacteal, common in Michigan, produces a related chemical and may produce amatoxins on occasion. Do not experiment! No Michigan Galerina is safe. These fungi have caused fewer poisonings than Amanita because of their smaller stature and their drabber colors. Galerina is responsible for periodic poisonings of people wishing to get high on "magic mushrooms". Hallucinogenic species of Psilocybe are small to moderately large and brown with black spores, and some people have formed the mistaken opinion that all little brown mushrooms are hallucinogens.
Look-alikes: An edible puffball may be confused with an immature Amanita in the button stage. If you slice it open from top to bottom, the Amanita will show the beginnings of the stalk, gills and cap of the mushroom, while a puffball will simply be a uniform, slightly grainy white or contain a mass of yellowish to dark olive-green spores. Always slice open puffballs to be certain before eating them. Immature Agaricus species (meadow mushroom and horse mushroom) may resemble Amanitas because of the whitish free gills, annulus and general stature. The Agaricus will have pink and, eventually, chocolate-brown gills with deep brown spores on maturity, while the Amanita will retain whitish gills and spores throughout. Lepiota (Leucoagaricus) naucina can appear very similar to the destroying angels, but the Lepiota lacks a volva. Though some books list it as edible, L. naucina is not recommended because it has caused stomach upsets in some people. Chlorophyllum molybdites is a poisonous look-alike, with white, free gills, an annulus and a similar stature to the Amanita species. The gills turn pale green in maturity, and the spore print will be green. Chlorophyllum lacks a volva and possesses pale tan scales on the cap.
Cortinarius toxins (Class B/Poisindex group 1-A)
Mushrooms: Species in the genus Cortinarius.
Symptoms: Cortinarius poisoning is characterized by an extremely long delay. A minimum of three days, or as long as 10 days to three weeks, may pass between eating the mushroom and the onset of symptoms. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, headache, a feeling of coldness and eventual kidney failure. Kidney failure may lead to death.
Treatment: Treat as kidney failure. Some patients spontaneously recover; others may require dialysis or kidney transplants.
Descriptions: Cortinarius poisoning is particularly dangerous because of the very long delay before any symptoms occur. This delay has made it very difficult to identify precisely which species of Cortinarius may be responsible. The poisoning occurs so long after the ingestion of the mushroom that it is quite rare for the mushroom to be associated with the illness at all. The toxins responsible are unknown. Two toxins, both of which can produce disease in laboratory animals, are assumed to be responsible for human poisonings.
Cortinarius is the largest known genus of mushrooms, with well over a thousand species. None of them are particularly choice and, until we know considerably more about Cortinarius poisoning, none should be eaten. The distinguishing features of the genus are the presence of a cobwebby veil (the cortina; see photo, page 20) and the rusty brown spores. The cortina may wear away as the mushroom matures, but a few strands usually remain visible on the stalk, often highlighted by a rusty spore deposit. The gills become rusty brown in age, and a spore deposit may often be visible on the caps of adjacent mushrooms. Many (but not all!) Cortinarius species have a swollen, bulbous base. Most species are mycorrhizal and grow in wooded areas.
Look-alikes: The highly desirable blewit, Lepista (Clitocybe) nuda, is purple and resembles several purple Cortinarius species. The blewit, however, lacks a corina and has a spore print that is creamy to pinkish to lilac, never rusty brown.
Monomehylhydrazine (Class C/Poisindex group 3)
Mushrooms: Members of the genus Gyromitra (false morels).
Symptoms: A latent period of six to eight hours is followed by a feeling of fullness in the stomach, then vomiting and watery diarrhea, which may persist for up to two days. Headache, lassitude, creamps and intense pain in the regions of the liver and stomach may be followed by jaundice. Red blood cells may be broken down. Poisoning may be fatal.
Treatment: Emesis may help if employed early (more than two hours after ingestion it will have no effect, so it will be ineffective by the time symptoms occur). Fluid replacement may be necessary if patient is dehydrated. Patient should be hospitalized so laboratory tests can be performed to detect signs of hemolysis or liver or kidney failure.
Description: monomethylhydrazine poisoning is among the most confusing mushroom poisoning syndromes. The amount of toxin can vary greatly from mushroom to mushroom, and susceptibility can vary greatly from person to person. The method of preparing the mushrooms makes an immense difference. The toxin is volatile and is destroyed by heating. The "safest" way to prepare Gyromitra species is to parboil the mushrooms (being careful not to inhale any of the vapors, which will contain the toxin), discard the cooking water and fry the mushrooms in a separate, clean pan. This removes the majority of the monomethylhydrazine. Other toxins, including an unidentified carcinogen, remain in the mushroom and can build up over time with repeated Gyromitra meals. Despite the fact that many people persist in deliberately gathering and eating these mushrooms, we do not recommend eating any Gyromitra species.
Mushrooms in this genus are very distinctive. The cap is some shade of brown and is on a whitish to pale tan stalk. The cap may be wavy, convoluted or lobed, but it is not pitted. There are no gills. Gyromitra is an Ascomycete; it belongs to a very different group of fungi than the other mushrooms in this pamphlet and is related to the morels. No spore print will be obtainable. If you slice open the mushroom from top to bottom, the attachment of the cap to the stalk is distinctive. Unlike most mushrooms, which fruit in the late summer or fall, Gyromitra fruits in the spring.
Look-alikes: Morels (Morchella species). True morels are readily distinguished from the false morels by the possession of a pitted (not lobed or wavy) cap and by the attachment of the stalk. The stalk is attached to the base of the cap in the true morels but to the top of the cap in the false morels. See MSU Extension Bulletin E-2755, May is Morel Month in Michigan, for more information.
Coprine (Class D/Poisindex group 5)
Mushrooms: Coprinus atramentarius, Clitocybe clavipes, other Coprinus species (rarely).
Symptoms: Symptoms may occur shortly after the consumption of an alcoholic beverage plus the mushroom or on consumption of alcohol up to 48 hours after the mushroom is eaten. Symptoms include a flushing of the face and neck, a metallic taste in the mouth, tingling of the extremities, rapid heartbeat and a feeling of swelling in the face and hands. The initial symptoms may be followed by nausea and vomiting. Occasionally visual disturbances, vertigo, weakness and confusion occur.
Treatment: The symptoms will subside on their own in time. Reassure the patient, who may be convinced that he or she has been seriously poisoned.
Description: Coprine is interesting in that it is not, strictly speaking, a poison. Many people can and do eat these mushrooms with no ill effect. Alcohol, on the other hand, is a poison. The human body deals with alcohol by quickly degrading it into a series of less toxic compounds until it is no longer harmful. Coprine interferes with this process by inhibiting one of the enzymes used in alcohol processing. Alcohol is broken down partway, to acetaldehyde, but is not completely processed. The symptoms of coprine poisoning are due to the buildup of acetaldehyde in the blood. Incidentally, disulfiram, which is used to treat alcoholism, operates in the same manner. Coprine poisoning is not serious, though it is unpleasant and can be alarming to the victim, who may believe that he or she has eaten a truly dangerous mushroom. The poisoning will usually run its course in a couple of hours without any additional treatment.
The mushroom responsible, Coprinus atramentarius, belongs to the black-spored mushroom group known as the inky caps. Shortly after the mushroom matures, the gills begin digesting themselves from the bottom edge up and the gills and cap dissolve into ink, colored black by the spores. Coprinus atramentarius is among the larger Coprinus species and possesses a smooth to finely silky, gray-brown cap. The cap doesn't expand nearly so much as that of many other mushrooms and always remains broadly conical. The mushroom commonly occurs in large groups at the bases of street trees or in grass, and we have frequently seen it fruiting on lawns and boulevards in East Lansing in the summer and fall. Coprinus atramentarius is edible and safe if cooked and if no alcohol is ingested within two or three days of eating the mushroom. All Coprinus species should be cooked and eaten very shortly after being picked, before they have a chance to autodigest.
Look-alikes: The black spores and the tendency to dissolve into ink are distinctive. Coprinus commatus, the shaggy mane, is a popular edible species, but it possesses a white, cylindrical, scaly cap and is not likely to be mistaken for C. atramentarius.
Psilocybin, Psilocin (Class E/Poisindex group 6)
Mushrooms: Psilocybe and Stropharia species, Paneolus species, some Conocybe and Inocybe species, Gymnopilus spectabilis.
Symptoms: A change of mood usually occurs beginning 20 to 60 minutes following ingestion of the mushroom. The patient may experience fear, excitement, hilarity, hallucinations, loss of coordination, dilation of pupils, rapid heart rate or rapid breathing. Children may develop a high fever and/or seizures.
Treatment: Reassurance and time are usually sufficient treatment. Children should be monitored and may require hospitalization in case of fever or seizures. Poisoning is rarely serious in adults, and, because of the disordered state of the mind, moving a hallucinating patient to the hospital may increase his or her sense of fear and confusion.
Description: With the exception of Gymnopilus, which is a large, yellow-brown mushroom growing in clusters on wood, psilocybin-containing species are small to moderately large brown mushrooms with dark brown to purple-black spores. Many of these species bruise bluish or are bluish at the base of the stalk. They can grow in lawns, meadows (particularly highly fertilized ones) or on manure.
Little brown mushrooms are not generally sought as food. Those who seek out and eat these deliberately are usually looking for hallucinogenic species. The primary danger is from toxic species that may look similar. Because these can fruit on lawns, they are also responsible for several child poisonings, though we have not heard any reports of this in Michigan.
Look-alikes: Gymnopilus is larger than most psilocybin-containing species. It grows in clusters on wood and is common in Michigan. We have seen G. spectabilis mistaken for the honey mushroom, Armillaria mellea. The two can be distinguished by the spore color, which is yellow-brown in Gymnopilus and white in Armillaria. Gymnopilus also resembles the poisonous Omphalotus illudens.
The deadly poisonous Galerina species have been mistaken for Psilocybe species. Galerina grows on wood, not on soil or lawns (though there are rare reports of Galerina growing on buried wood in grass). Galerina has a bright brown to orange-brown spore print and may possess a small annulus.
Muscimol, Ibotenic Acid (Class F/Poisindex group 2)
Mushrooms: Primarily Amanita muscaria and A. pantherina, but similar toxins may occur in A. cothurnata, A. frostiana and A. Gemmata.
Symptoms: A feeling of drowsiess 30 to 60 minutes after ingestion, followed by a state resembling alcoholic intoxication. Following this, a hyperactive state of confusion, muscular spasms, delirium and visual hallucinations occurs, lasting as long as four hours. Vomiting usually does not take place. Drowsiness and deep sleep follow, and recovery is usually quite rapid, though a fatality rate of 1 to 5 percent is reported.
Treatment: Usually symptoms subside in time; overtreatment can be more damaging than none at all. Emesis or gastric lavage may be performed if the patient is brought in early on in the poisoning.
Description: Ibotenic acid occurs in the mushrooms. Muscimol, which causes the symptoms of the poisoning, is produced by the body's efforts to process ibotenic acid. Muscimol is thought to bind to receptors in the brain, causing disordered neurotransmission. Amanita muscaria contains less of the toxin and is therefore less dangerous than A. pantherina. The other species are less well studied and have rarely been eaten.
Amanita muscaria is the red-capped mushroom with white spots or patches commonly depicted in folk art. The red-capped variety is rare in Michigan, but a number of other varieties occur, including ones with yellow, orange or white caps. All varieties have whitish, removable "warts" on the cap when young, though these may wear off or be washed off in age. The volva is not obvious and cuplike, as in the destroying angels, but appears as a series of concentric rings on the stalk, just above the swollen base. Like other Amanita species, it is mycorrhizal with trees and is thus usually found in the woods and clearings near trees, though we have seen A. muscaria under white pine in residential settings. Amanita pantherina looks similar to A. muscaria but has a grayish brown cap covered with similar whitish to grayish patches.
The people poisoned by these mushrooms are usually children, who may be attracted by the bright colors of A. muscaria and its "friendly", familiar appearance, and people deliberately seeking hallucinogenic substances. Rarely, people will mistake A. muscaria for the edible A. caesarea. A. muscaria occurs worldwide and has been widely used as a hallucinogen in parts of Europe and Asia. North American mushrooms have a somewhat different array of chemicals and are more likely to be seriously poisonous than Old World specimens; consequently, A. muscaria has not been so widely used as a hallucinogen here. Loss of muscular control may be pronounced. Fatal poisonings are more likely to occur with A. pantherina, which contains higher levels of toxin than A. muscaria.
Look-alikes: The edible and popular Caesar's mushroom, Amanita caesarea, has a reddish orange cap and may have white patches on the cap, though A. caesarea is likely to have one or two large patches and A. muscaria more often has many small patches. Amanita caesarea has bright yellow gills; those of A. muscaria are white to pale cream. Poisonings have occurred because of confusion between these two species, especially among European immigrants.
Muscarine (Class G/Poisindex group 4)
Mushrooms: Certain members of the genera Inocybe and Clitocybe.
Symptoms: "PSL" (perspiration, salivation, lacrimation) or "SLUDGE" (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, gastritis, emesis) syndrome occurs beginning 30 to 120 minutes following ingestion.
Treatment: Atropine is a specific antidote for muscarine poisoning. Atropine is toxic and should be administered only by a qualified physician.
Description: The PSL syndrome is not usually particularly dangerous but is decidedly unpleasant. There are no recorded deaths due to poisoning by these mushrooms. For severe cases, atropine may be administered by a physician. This is the only mushroom poison for which a specific antidote is known.
Inocybe species are often called "fiber caps". Their caps and stalks are often fibrous, with fibers radiating out from the center of the cap visible to the naked eye or with a magnifying glass. Sometimes the caps may look silky. Caps tend to be conical. The caps are mostly dull gray, tan or brown. The spore print is yellowish brown, and the mature gills will be tan to brownish. Clitocybe species have white spores. Clitocybe dealbata is a small, pale mushroom with a slightly rounded cap; other Clitocybe species often have an upturned, funnel-shaped cap with the gills running partway down the stem (decurrent gills). Both Inocybe and Clitocybe may fruit in lawns.
Look-alikes: These are mostly small mushrooms, which are not likely to be eaten by most people. Marasmius oreades, the fairy ring mushroom, may resemble Clitocybe dealbata, and two may grow intermingled. Marasmius oreades has relatively few gills, which are quite thick and widely spaced and may have visible veins between the gills, while Clitocybe has many, thin, crowded gills.
Unknown toxins (Class H/Poisindex group 7)
"Unknown toxins" is a catch-all term to cover any toxin that doesn't fall into the above categories. These are gastrointestinal irritants unless otherwise noted, and symptoms consist of abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhea starting between 30 minutes and two hours after ingestion. Because the exact nature of the toxin is unknown, no specific antidote can be recommended. Treatment is time and reassurance. The common Michigan mushrooms in this category will be covered.
Chlorophyllum molybdites (green gill)
The defining features of this large, attractive mushroom are the green gills and green spore print. The gills turn green as the mushroom matures, so young specimens may still have whitish gills. The green spore print is diagnostic-no other gilled mushroom in Michigan has green spores. Chlorophyllum molybdites also possesses a ring around the stalk but, unlike Amanita species, it has no volva. It can fruit on lawns, and we have seen a large fruiting on the Michigan State University campus in July. This mushroom is very similar to the edible Lepiota racchodes and L. procera (C. molybdites is sometimes called Lepiota morganii). The only observable difference between C. molybdites and L. racchodes is the spore color: the Lepiota has white spores.
Lepiota (Leucoagaricus) naucina
Many books list this species as edible, but many people are unable to eat without stomach upset, so it should be avoided. It is dingy white when young, maturing to a tannish off-white color. It possesses a small ring on its stalk and can be mistaken for the destroying angels. There is no volva, but the base is swollen. Spores are white or rarely pinkish. It usually grows in grass and can show up in lawns. L. naucina should not be gathered because of the chance of an adverse reaction and the more serious risk of accidentally gathering a deadly Amanita.
Omphalotus illudens (Jack o'lantern)
Mushrooms are medium to large and generally occur in clusters on wood or at the bases of trees. Fresh specimens possess the distinctive character of bioluminescence-their gills can glow in the dark. Gills, like the rest of the mushroom, range from orange to yellow-brown and may descend partway down the stalk. The spore print is creamy white.
These mushrooms have been mistaken for Armillaria mellea, the popular honey mushroom, which also occurs in clusters on wood or at the bases of trees. Armillaria mellea is part of an extremely variable species complex, but specimens usually possess a ring around the stalk, which Omphalotus lacks. Armillaria mellea has whitish (not orange) gills and forms black, shoestring-like organs called rhizomorphs, which may often be visible extending from the base of the mushroom.
Entoloma species
These species are characterized by a pink to red spore color and angular spores (visible under a microscope). Most species are poisonous. Many books will list as edible Entoloma abortivum, which occurs in association with the honey mushroom, Armillaria mellea. To make matters confusing, both the aborted and non-aborted forms (see picture) are called E. abortivum, but the aborted form is actually primarily the honey mushroom, which is being parasitized by the Entoloma. The aborted fruit bodies are edible; non-aborted Entolomas should not be eaten, because of the possibility of confusion with poisonous species. Entoloma abortivum grows on or near wood in the fall; other Entoloma species grow on the ground in humus in wasteland and fields, along edges of bogs and in woodland areas. Many small species grow on rotting wood. They can be found during all seasons from early spring until late fall.
Paxillus involutus (roll-rim)
The cap is slightly depressed in the center and the edges of the cap roll over (see picture). Gills and cap range from yellowish brown to brown; gills run down the stalk, which is comparatively thick. The mushroom is common in lawns and in woods in the fall. Paxillus involutus is commonly eaten in eastern Europe, where it is pickled. It is frequently responsible for gastrointestinal distress and can also give rise to a rare but serious allergic reaction. In some few individuals-usually people who have been eating P. involutus for years-an antibody will form to an unknown antigen in the mushroom. The next time the person eats the mushroom, the antibody and antigen interaction will cause red blood cells throughout the body to break down.
Red-pored blue-staining bolets
Boletes differ from other mushrooms in having a spongy layer of pores instead of gills. Other fungi, such as the shelf fungi that grow on wood, may have pores but are often too thin or woody to eat. The boletes are soft and mushroom-shaped with a stalk that is often thick or swollen. The stalk may possess netlike markings and ridges (reticulations). The cap is often velvety, though it may be smooth, felty or slimy. Boletes include many popular food mushrooms, such as Boletus edulis, known variably as the king bolete, porcini, cep or steinpilz. Boletes are enthusiastically collected by many Europeans.
Boletes that have red to red-orange pores and/or stain blue should be avoided because most are poisonous. The staining reaction can be easily observed by cutting the mushroom or the pore surface with a knife. This reaction can be quite dramatic (see picture). See MSU Extension bulletin E-0926, Best of the Boletes, for further information.
Laetiporus sulfureus (chicken of the woods; sulfur shelf)
This is a shelf fungus rather than a true mushroom. When fresh, it is brilliant, bright yellow or yellow-orange and is very soft and often surprisingly heavy (much of its weight is water). In this young stage, it is often collected for food. Many people, however, are sensitive to some unknown chemical in the fungus and suffer gastric distress when they eat it. The mushroom grows on wood, and the substrate appears to have some effect on toxicity: those growing on conifers or locusts are frequently toxic. If you eat this mushroom, do not eat much the first time you try it. Do not serve L. sulfureus at large gatherings.
Should you collect wild mushrooms?
1. Not unless you are willing to study until you learn the positive identification of the mushroom you seek.
2. Not unless you assume the responsibility for your own safety and well-being. In addition to making sure you know the mushrooms, be sure you are prepared for collecting. Carry a compass anytime you go into the woods, and know how to use it. Dress properly. Keep track of the time, and allow enoughtime to get out of the woods before dark.
3. Not unless you are absolutely certain the mushroom is safe to eat. Collect carefully and do not mix collections of different species. A shallow basket or a mesh bag is best for collecting, and individual collections should be wrapped in wax paper. Never use plastic-it causes the mushrooms to decompose quickly. Promptly clean, refrigerate, cook or preserve your collection upon returning home. Unless you intend to use the mushrooms, please don't pick them.
Report poisonings
It is important to report any case of distress from eating a mushroom, particularly if you can describe or identify the mushroom. In Michigan, report to the DeVos Children's hospital, Regional Poison Center, 1300 Michigan, Suite 205, Grand Rapids, MI 49506; (800) 222-1222 (national number- will connect you to the nearest poison control center).
Tags: forestry, native plants, natural resources
Natural Resources, Native Plants and Ecosystem Services, Forestry
Native Plants and Ecosystem Services


Return to Your First Love!
As it is in Heaven!
What if you were called into judgment today; what would be the outcome?
I Really and Truly; can't make it; without the LORD!
Love does hurt; It is a process.
06/29/14 Time to move forward!
Hello; my name is Barbara Fisher. I am a Mother of five wonderful children. When the children were small; I could not see this day. When they would all be grown. I was so focused on raising them, I am sure I missed some things. However, I have come to realize that we didn't have it as bad as I thought. Clarence, Tiwana , Victoria, Mario, Marco. Their Father passed away in October 1988. I thank God for them. Thank God they are all married, I would not want them out there being single!
This stroke not only affected me, it affected everyone connected with me. I thank God for each one of my Children. I Thank God each of them are married; to God be the Glory! I have a host of Grandchildren.
I retired from a Hospital. I began to work in the Hospital in 1986 while on a Welfare training program making $6.00 a day. I was hired in a month's time making $6.50 an hour. That was suppose to be a six month training experience. It lasted 19 years and four Months. I am grateful for the Journey. While I was there I became a Team Leader. I began as a receptionist. The Lord Blessed me to work with some wonderful Physicians.
When I began the Team Leader Position, my Supervisor said to me "The People may not like you; but they will Respect you". To God be the Glory!
These are a portion of my test and trials. I pray that they will help you avoid some pitfalls, hopefully we are all trying to please God in every area of our lives.
When we are blessed to overcome things in our lives, we should Bless someone else. Maybe things were different in your circumstances than in mine. However; we all have experienced pain, disappointments, sufferings, trials and tribulation and VICTORY!
My whole life experience can be summed up in two words." BUT GOD"! You will understand that as you go through Life. That is my conclusion, the rest of it is history.
God Blessed me to start writing as a youngster. It seems as though, I had to have "A Valley Experience" to "Fall In Love With Him" to realize that after all that I have been through, "I'm still In Love With Him" These are the titles of the Books I've written. One day they will be published except for "A Valley experience". God used that to heal me. That was a story of how I grew up. It's a done deal. Thank God! for all of these 52 years. I wrote I'm Still In Love with him after the stroke.
Note: I had a Heart Attack on 10/25/10 got out of the Hospital 10/28/10. I was in Sunday school @8:30 on 10/30. To God Be The Glory! With the Lord's help, the books will yet be published!
I have been Baptised; I have been washed; I have been Dipped. I have repented! 1 John 1:9: If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. I am clean!!!! You don't hear me!!! I'm clean, I've been washed! The Blood has not lost it's power! Thank God! Thank God! Thank God!
I thank the Lord for helping me to continue to raise these 5 Children; after their Father passed away.
I thank God for seeing me through the stroke!
I thank God for seeing me through the heart attack!
I thank God for all that He has done, He is doing and will do it my life; I am thanking and praising God in advance; you don't hear me!
I say through; because of God's Grace and Mercy; I'm yet here!!!
Amen, enjoyed reading ur testimony May God be Glorified in All you do Sis. Fisher !
My desire is to always give him Glory. I truly believe all the Word of God. I have realized that it is all about God and not me. That way I do my best not to take things personally. Thank you for your input.
To God be the Glory for the things he has done in my life!
Glad to c that you have settled and are making a wonderful contribution to the kIngdom of GOD.
I have a radio program streaming live on the internet AT http://WWW.KKVV.COM every sunday at 4.02 pm called UNITE FOR CHANGE. IF U LISTEN ON YOUR COMPUTER U CAN CLICK ON LISTEN LIVE AND U WILL HEAR THE PROGRAM. iF YOU WANT TO YOU CAN CALL IN TOLL FREE AT 1-800-366-8883 ON SUNDAY AT 4.02 PM.PEOPLE CALL FROM MANY DIFFERENT STATES.
Thank you. God is so good to me. Be blessed.
I thank God for you also, thanks for being nice. (smile) I will call you. Be blessed!
Margaret Macdonald's Rapture Chart !
In early 1830 Margaret was the very first one to see a pre-Antichrist (pretribulation) rapture in the Bible – and John Walvoord and Hal Lindsey lend support for this claim!
But there's more. Lindsey (p. 26) says that partial rapturists see only "spiritual" Christians in the rapture and "unspiritual" ones left behind to endure Antichrist's trial. And Walvoord (p. 97) calls partial rapturists "pretribulationists"!
Margaret's pretrib view was a partial rapture form of it since only those "filled with the Spirit" would be raptured before the revealing of the Antichrist. A few critics, who've been repeating more than researching, have noted "Church" in the tribulation section of her account. Since they haven't known that all partial rapturists see "Church" on earth after their pretrib rapture (see the "church-splitting" chart above), they've wrongly assumed that Margaret was a posttrib!
In Sep. 1830 Edward Irving's journal "The Morning Watch" (hereafter: TMW) was the first to publicly reflect her novel view when it saw spiritual "Philadelphia" raptured before "the great tribulation" and unspiritual "Laodicea" left on earth.
Pretrib didn't spring from a "church/Israel" dichotomy, as many have assumed, but sprang from a "church/church" one, as we've seen, and was based only on symbols!
But innate anti-Jewishness soon appeared. (As noted, TMW in Sep. 1830 saw only less worthy church members left behind.) In Sep. 1832 TMW said that less worthy church members and "Jews" would be left behind. But by Mar. 1833 TMW was sure that only "Jews" would face the Antichrist!
As late as 1837 the non-dichotomous Darby saw the church "going in with Him to the marriage, to wit, with Jerusalem and the Jews." And he didn't clearly teach pretrib until 1839. His basis then was the Rev. 12:5 "man child…caught up" symbol he'd "borrowed" (without giving credit) from Irving who had been the first to use it for the same purpose in 1831!
For related articles Google "X-Raying Margaret," "Edward Irving is Unnerving," "Pretrib Rapture's Missing Lines," "The Unoriginal John Darby," "Open Letter to Todd Strandberg," "Deceiving and Being Deceived" by D.M., "Pretrib Rapture Pride," "Pretrib Rapture Dishonesty" and "Scholars Weigh My Research." The most documented and accurate book on pretrib rapture history is "The Rapture Plot" (see Armageddon Books online) – a 300-pager that has hundreds of disarming facts (like the ones above) not found in any other source.
"Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord". To each his/her own. The scriptures speak for themselves!
I might really like to be anywhere near a beach!
I have learned to be grateful and appreciative of where I am. Things could always be worse.
May God continue to Bless you.
May God continue to Bless you and your family.
To God be the Glory; for the things He and is doing in and through me.


BC: A Ladysmith artist who survived five hours in the frigid waters of the Salish Sea in late October and the rescuers who gave her a second chance at life were both struck with emotion as they met again in Ladysmith on Sunday.
"They were absolutely amazing and so compassionate and it was just such a beautiful meeting – I totally remembered the faces of the two guys that pulled me out of the water, " said Mya DeRyan.
Following DeRyan's decision to go public last week with her story, many on social media expressed frustration with her putting rescuers own lives on the line.
DeRyan said she understands their point-of-view and that it was never part of her plan to bring attention upon herself.
"I felt so guilty about tying up both ferries and delaying everybody and just imagining what they must being going through emotionally, or judgmentally, " she said.
Now, she plans to close up her gallery in Ladysmith within the next week and move to Vancouver to be closer to her son to start a new chapter.


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This open source software brings back one of the most loved features of Windows 7
By Anthony Spadafora published 2 November 20
Bring back the traditional Start Menu with Open Shell
The move from Windows 7's Start Menu to Live Tiles, first introduced in Windows 8, took many by surprise and while Windows 10 now allows you to access the Start Menu from the desktop, many users still prefer the look and fell of the traditional Start Menu.
Thankfully, the open source software Open Shell (originally known as Classic Shell) has you covered as it allows you to replace the Start Menu in Windows 8 and 10 with one that more closely resembles Windows 7's Start Menu.
If you're still running Windows 8, Open Shell also allows you to bypass the full-screen Start Menu and boot directly to the desktop.
We've put together a list of the best Windows 10 deals
These are the best alternative operating systems around
Also check out our complete list of the best VPN services
Add a Windows 7 style Start Menu to Windows 10
To get started using Open Shell to change the look and feel of Windows 10's Start Menu, you'll first need to head to Github's website and download the program.
Once downloaded, double click on the executable to begin installing the software on your system. It's worth noting that if you only want to change the appearance of your Start Menu, you should uncheck the Classic Explorer and Classic IE options during installation. If you leave these options checked, you will also change the way that File Explorer and Internet Explorer appear on your system.
Open Shell allows you to choose from three different styles of Start Menu: Classic style, Classic with two columns and Windows 7 style. Classic style only shows your recently used apps and all apps list while Classic with two columns shows your recently used apps and settings and finally Windows 7 style recreates the Start Menu UI from Windows 7.
If you want to tinker with Open Shell further, you can do so by opening the "Basic settings" menu which will allow you to configure the open source software's advanced settings.
We've also highlighted the best Windows 10 VPN
Via BleepingComputer
Anthony Spadafora
After living and working in South Korea for seven years, Anthony now resides in Houston, Texas where he writes about a variety of technology topics for ITProPortal and TechRadar. He has been a tech enthusiast for as long as he can remember and has spent countless hours researching and tinkering with PCs, mobile phones and game consoles.
See more Computing news
The best free YouTube downloader apps to use in 2022

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
To Dispatches
Pacific Partnerships: Connecting Indigenous People in Canada to Opportunities in Asia
Author: Scott Harrison
In the lead up to the Nation 2 Nation Forum, held in Vancouver on March 30, 2017, BC Assembly of First Nations Acting Regional Chief Maureen Chapman stated: "As the economic importance of the Asia Pacific grows, B.C. First Nations face significant opportunities for economic development partnerships."
Chief Chapman's observations about B.C. could be extended to the potential for growing Asia Pacific-Aboriginal economic development partnerships across the country, from coast to coast to coast. Interest from Asia has been increasing in and around Aboriginal communities across the country. Aboriginal people are of the youngest and fastest growing demographic groups in Canada; their communities and businesses will play an increasingly important part in the Canadian economy and its workforce. And Aboriginal-Asia relations will likely continue to grow as an important component of the broader Canada-Asia dynamic.
One way to help ensure that these cross-Pacific relations are beneficial to both sides would be to develop Aboriginal-related training for Asian stakeholders and Asia-related training for Indigenous business leaders and communities.
The National Aboriginal Economic Development Board estimated that if Aboriginal people and their businesses were better integrated into the Canadian economy it could provide a $27.8-billion dollar boost to Canada's GDP. A key component of this, the Board argues, is through education and skills training. The importance of education and skills training was reiterated by speakers throughout the Nation 2 Nation Forum, and is a similar finding that APF Canada has noted for Canadians in general when it comes to engaging Asia (for a related initiative see APF Canada's Asia Pacific Curriculum project).
Source: The National Aboriginal Economic Development Board, 2016.
According to the Hon. John Rustad, B.C. Minister of Relationships and Reconciliation, stronger Aboriginal communities and Native–non-Native relationships in Canada also have a role to play in attracting foreign investment and trade, notably from Asia. But reconciliation also goes deeper than this, to recognizing and valuing the leadership possibilities Indigenous communities and businesses may play in strengthening Canada-Asia relations. For example, given the value placed on relationships and family and the perspective of time (in looking several generations to the past and future rather than short term gain), it may be, as lessons from Maori in Aotearoa/New Zealand show, Indigenous communities are well-positioned to take a larger leadership role in Canadian engagement with Asia.
There are numerous Indigenous business sectors that could benefit from strengthening ties with Asia. For example, Aboriginal Tourism currently contributes about $1.4 billion annually to Canada's GDP. By 2021 Aboriginal Tourism Canada hopes to grow this by $300 million and bring 50 new Aboriginal tourism companies online to an export ready status. A significant portion of this growth may come from Asia Pacific tourists, which have shown a steady growth in numbers over the last six years, fuelled mainly by China. Meanwhile, the British Columbia First Nations Energy and Mining Council fields numerous inquiries a day from Asia. With over 200 potential clean energy projects set to take place with First Nations involvement throughout the province, these inquiries, if supported by adequate resources to filter and match projects and build relationships, offers significant investment opportunities for First Nations communities that could very well spread beyond the province.
While there are many Aboriginal organizations thriving in Canada there remains need for increased skills and training for preparing Aboriginal people (and Canadians at large) to prosper in the "Asian century." But skills, knowledge and competency training is two-way; there is pressing need to prepare Asian stakeholders with necessary background knowledge and skills to understand and successfully work with Aboriginal Canadians.
For example, an Aboriginal community's attempt to sell wood pellets to an Asian economy may have been more successful if it had a better understanding of its target market and people, and the intricacies of exporting. A lesson heard time and time again at APF Canada is that having a general product or service along with potential markets doesn't always amount to successful business endeavours. The guts of success include many intangibles such as cross-cultural business comfort, meaningful relationships, knowledge of target market, peoples and consumers, and familiarity and support with the export/import process. All these nuances then need to be translated into specifics such as appropriately preparing and packaging a good or service. And in the case herein they must do so while maintaining relevance for Aboriginal communities.
On the flip side, providing Asian tourists with the information they need to distinguish between authentic Indigenous crafts and those made with no Aboriginal involvement (accounting for about 80% of the market) could lead to significant gains in the sector and have a real benefit for Aboriginal artists and communities. Likewise, Indigenous skills and competency training for Asian stakeholders in other sectors, notably energy and mining, and regionally in the Canadian Arctic, to provide other examples, could contribute to more productive relationships, research programs and projects.
The question remains, what would be included in such training for communities, businesses, and government stakeholders on both sides of the Pacific? Given the diversity of both the Indigenous population in Canada and within the 50-plus economies in the Asia Pacific with a combined population over four billion people (which includes an estimated 260 million Indigenous people) the answer will differ from community to community, and from one Asian stakeholder to the next.
Getting Canadians ready for the Asian century – by 2030 Asia will be home to over two-thirds of the global middle class and produce nearly half of global GDP – has already begun. Such initiatives, however, have been slow and incremental; what is needed now is support and partnerships over the long term from Indigenous and non-Indigenous people, the broader public, various business sectors, and government stakeholders.
As Canada approaches its 150th anniversary it is pertinent to recall and celebrate one of the defining features of the country: that it was built upon and continues to prosper from key interactions and relationships among Aboriginal peoples, English and French, and more recently immigrants from around the world. Canadians – represented by federal, provincial, territorial and municipal governments and some 630 Indigenous communities across the country – have the potential to better facilitate and increase meaningful interaction with the Asia Pacific. Partnering with Aboriginal organizations and communities to develop skills and competency training is one area where the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada can make a contribution.
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Dr. Scott Harrison is a Program Manager at the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada.
Scott Harrison's latest posts:
In an Age of Crisis, Canadian Engagement Abroad Needs an 'Ecosystem Approach' Asia Watch Special Edition: Marking Canada's National Day for Truth and Reconciliation Through the Eyes of Asia Watch: Our Summer-End Review Read more >
CAST Insight
BJP Aims to Win Disadvantaged Communities' Votes in Indian State of Karnataka
International Trade Inclusivity: The CPTPP and Indigenous International Trade and Investment
Guidebook for Doing Business in the Asia Pacific: A Resource for Indigenous Businesses


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Home » Celebrities » Dolly Parton Was 'Very Worried' When Miley Cyrus Quit 'Hannah Montana'
Dolly Parton Was 'Very Worried' When Miley Cyrus Quit 'Hannah Montana'
Though Dolly Parton was proud of her goddaughter Miley Cyrus for forging her own path, she was still worried about her. As Cyrus worked to shed her Disney-era image, Parton wondered if she was taking it too far. She shared the way that some of Cyrus' comments concerned her, as well as her hopes for her goddaughter's future.
Dolly Parton is Miley Cyrus' godmother
Parton became involved in Cyrus' life because of her friendship with Billy Ray Cyrus.
"I worked with Billy Ray for all those years, when he had 'Achy Breaky Heart,'" Parton said, per Yahoo!. "He worked with me on some shows we did in the early days. He opened some of my shows. We just got to know each other. I wrote a song called 'Romeo,' and had him in a video. We just kind of gelled, 'cause we're both country kids. We had a lot of fun just talking about that."
When Cyrus was born, Parton knew she wanted to be her godmother.
"When Miley came along, I said, 'She's got to be my fairy goddaughter,'" she explained.
She worried about her goddaughter when she left 'Hannah Montana'
In 2011, Cyrus left Hannah Montana to pursue a more adult audience and career.
"One day she'd had enough and told me: 'I need to murder Hannah Montana in order for people to accept who I really am,'" Parton told The Sun, per the Daily Mail.
After this, Cyrus dramatically changed her look and performance style to fit the new stage of her career. Parton compared her goddaughter to Shirley Temple.
"As a little girl [Temple] was so great, but then she started to grow up. And people didn't want her to grow up. They got mad at her," Parton explained. "Well, that's how everyone has been with Miley. I was very worried. I was holding my breath, hoping that people didn't totally crucify her. But she felt she had to make a place for herself in this pop world."
Though Parton understood Cyrus' motivations, she still expressed concern about her behavior.
"I'm hoping that she holds it in the road and doesn't do so many things that are that bizarre," she said. "I don't think the crowd would be so forgiving again if she did anything else that was really offensive. I don't want it to overshadow her talent."
Ultimately, though, Parton believed that Cyrus would make the right decisions.
"If she is as smart as I think she is," she said, "I think she'll make the right decisions."
Dolly Parton acted alongside Miley Cyrus in 'Hannah Montana'
Long before Cyrus exited Hannah Montana, Parton appeared on the show as her onscreen godmother. Cyrus wanted Parton to have the role.
"She told them that, you know, she said 'I want my Aunt Dolly on here' — she calls me Aunt Dolly — and she so she said 'I want her on the show,'" Parton told Vanity Fair. "So they wrote me in the show and we just worked so great together. And I was on a few times."
Parton was happy to appear on the program, primarily because of her pride in Cyrus.
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Iran's Esmaeilpour announces retirement from wrestling
January 4, 2021 - 0:23
TEHRAN – Iranian freestyle wrestler Masoud Esmaeilpour Jouybari announced retirement form the sport on Sunday.
The 32-year-old wrestler was sidelined due to an injury two years ago and decided to announce his retirement from the sport.
Esmaeilpour won Asian championship three times in 2010 (New Delhi), 2014 (Astana) and 2015 (Doha).
He also claimed a silver medal at the 2014 World Championships (Tashkent) and a bronze medal at the 2013 World Championship (Budapest).
The lightweight freestyler also seized a gold medal at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon.
Esmaeilpour represented Iran at the Wrestling Men's freestyle 60 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Masoud Esmaeilpour
Mofakham complex selected tourism icon of North Khorasan province


"And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, full of grace and truth; we have beheld His glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father" (John 1:14).
Christ is risen! He is risen, indeed! Alleluia, Alleluia!
How wonderful that the daily lectionary connects Christmas with Easter! The Incarnation of our Lord is intimately related to His death and resurrection, and our Redemption. Today we behold the glory of the Word become flesh—the Word who was born at Bethlehem, nailed to a cross outside Jerusalem, buried in a borrowed tomb, raised to new life on the third day!
And this Word was resurrected to continue to dwell among us. Had the Word remained dead and buried, God would be as distant from us as He once was. But now, the cold, lifeless Word that had been silenced on Good Friday is alive again—speaking hope and grace and newness of life!
May the Lord look upon you with favor, and give you peace.


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Murderati
MURDERATI examines critical themes, historical archetypes and trends in publishing, marketing and the life of the published author.
The First Act
So, continuing the conversation from last week, what actually goes into a first act?
The first act of a movie (first 30 pages) or book (first 100 pages, approx.) is the SET UP. By the end of the first act you're going to be introduced to all the major players of the story, the themes, the location, the visual image system, the conflicts, and the main conflict.
When you're making up index cards, you can immediately make up several cards that will go in your first act column. You may or may not know what some of those scenes looks like already, but either way, you know they're all going to be there.
– Opening image
– Meet the hero or heroine
– Hero/ine's inner and outer need.
– Hero/ine's arc
– Meet the antagonist (and/or introduce a mystery, which is what you do when you're going to keep your antagonist hidden to reveal at the end)
– State the theme/what's the story about?
– Allies
– Mentor
– Love interest
– Plant/Reveal (or: Set ups and Payoffs)
– Hope/Fear (and Stakes)
– Time Clock (possibly. May not have one and may be revealed later in the story)
– Central Question
– Sequence One climax
– Act One climax
Yeah, it's a lot! That's why first acts are often the most revised and rewritten sections of the story. It's also why it's often the section most in need of cutting and condensing. The answer is usually combining scenes. All these things have to be done, but they all have to be done within such a limited time frame (and page frame) that you simply HAVE to make each scene work on multiple levels.
Let's break these things down.
OPENING IMAGE:
Of course in a film you have an opening image by default, whether you plan to or not. It's the first thing you see in the film. But good filmmakers will use that opening image to establish all kinds of things about the film – mood, tone, location, and especially theme. Think of the opening image of WITNESS – the serene and isolated calm of wind over a wheat field. It's the world of the Amish – the non-violent, unhurried world into which city violence will soon be introduced. It's a great contrast with the next image to come – the chaos and noise of the city. This is a great opening image because it also suggests the climax (which takes place in the grain silo – the villain is killed by the spill of grain as the townspeople keep him surrounded.
The opening image of THE USUAL SUSPECTS is a man taking a piss… a sly reference to Verbal and the whole movie "taking a piss" – as the British say – on the audience.
The opening image of SILENCE OF THE LAMBS is a dark, misty forest, through which Clarice is running as if in a dream.
MEETING THE HERO/INE
Of course you're going to devise an interesting, clever and evocative introduction to your main character. But there are a whole lot of structural things that you need to get across about your hero/ine from the very beginning. You have to know your character's INNER AND OUTER DESIRES (more here… ) and how they conflict. Closely entwined with the inner/outer desire lines is the ARC of the character (since you are devising the end of your story at the same time as you're planning the beginning. The arc of the character is what the character learns during the course of the story, and how s/he changes because of it. It could be said that the arc of a character is almost always about the character realizing that s/he's been obsessed with an outer goal or desire, when what she really needs to be whole, fulfilled, and lovable is (fill in the blank). On top of that a character will go from shy and repressed to a capable and respected leader, from selfish to altruistic, from pathological liar to a seeker of truth… and the bigger the change, the more impact the story will have, as long as you keep it believable.
So it's essential to know where you want your character to end up, and then work backward to create a number of personal obstacles and external problems that are keeping that character from being everything s/he can be.
THE ANTAGONIST
The antagonist, opponent, villain deserves his/her own post, of course; I'll have to get on it. For now I'll just say, either you'll be introducing the antagonist in the first act, or you'll be introducing a mystery or problem or crisis that has actually been set in motion by the antagonist.
Also in the first act, you'll set up most of the hero/ine's allies – the sidekick, the roommate, the best friend, the love interest, the brother or sister.
Not all stories have mentors, and the mentor might not be introduced until some time in the second act.
LOVE INTEREST
This character generally plays a dual role: the love interest can also be the antagonist (in most love stories), an ally, or a mentor.
HOPE/FEAR (STAKES)
Just as good storytellers will be sure to make it perfectly clear what the main character's inner and outer desires are, these storytellers will also be very clear about what we hope and fear for the main character. Generally what we hope for the character is the same as her or his INNER NEED. We hope George Bailey will defeat Mr. Potter. We fear Potter will drive George and his family into ruin (and George possibly to suicide). Our fear for the character should be the absolute worst case scenario: in a drama, mystery or thriller we're talking madness, suicide, death, ruin. In a comedy or love story the stakes are more likely the loss of love.
Our awareness of the stakes may grow along with the main character's growing awareness, but it most stories there are clues to the bigger picture right from the beginning
STATEMENT OF THEME:
A reader or audience will get restless if they don't have a good idea of what the story is within the first five (I'd even say three) minutes of a movie, or the first twenty pages of a book. Sometimes it's enough to have just a sense of the central conflict. But often good storytellers will make it perfectly clear what the theme of the story is, and very early on in the story. In the first act of IT'S A WONDERFUL LIFE, George is impatient to leave pokey little Bedford Falls and go out in the world to "do big things". George's father tells him that in their own small way, he feels they ARE doing big things at the Building and Loan; they're satisfying one of the most basic needs of human beings by helping them own their own homes. This is a lovely statement of the theme of the movie: that it's the ordinary, seemingly mundane acts that we do every day that add up to a heroic life.
FIRST ACT CLIMAX/CENTRAL QUESTION:
We talked about sequence and act climaxes last week – that an act climax will have a reversal, revelation, and often a setpiece and/or change of location set piece that spins the story into the second act. What we didn't talk about is the idea of the central question of the story.
I will be didactic here and say that by the end of the first act you MUST have given your reader or audience everything they need to know about what the story is going to be about: what kind of story it is, who the hero/ine and antagonist (or mystery) are, and what the main conflict is going to be. It's useful to think of the story a posing a central question: Will Clarice get Lecter to give her the information she need to catch Buffalo Bill before he kills again? Will Sheriff Brody's team be able to kill the shark before it kills again (and in time to save the tourist season?) Will the crew of the Nostromo be able to catch and kill that alien before it kills them?
(All right, those are some bloody examples, but hey, look at the title of this blog…)
It's the question on which the entire action of the story hinges.
Here's an interesting structural paradigm to consider. In a lot of stories, the central question is actually answered in the second act climax, and the answer is often: No.
What's the second act climax of SILENCE OF THE LAMBS?
(Hint: it's the one scene/setpiece that EVERYONE remembers, and Clarice has nothing to do with it.)
Right – Lecter escapes. Well, what does that have to do with our heroine?
It means that Lecter will NOT be helping her catch Buffalo Bill. In fact, in the movie, when she gets the phone call that Lecter has escaped, she says aloud, "Catherine's dead."
Because Clarice thinks that she needs Lecter to save Catherine. But Lecter, like the great mentor he is, has TAUGHT Clarice enough that she can catch Buffalo Bill and save Catherine herself (okay, with help from the teaching of her other mentor, Crawford).
Ingenious storytelling, there, which is why I keep returning to SILENCE OF THE LAMBS for my story structure examples.
Next post I'll move on to the elements of the second act.
And now I'm headed to New Orleans… wish me luck (!).
This entry was posted in Alexandra Sokoloff on August 30, 2008 .
← Actively Disengaged the ending is nearer than you think →
12 thoughts on "The First Act"
John Dishon August 30, 2008 at 8:24 am
It's a Wonderful Life is my model for the perfect story. The build-up and the execution are flawless. That movie is rather timely too; Bailey's speech to Potter when they're thinking about closing the Building and Loan could easily have been given at the DNC. And Potter does look a lot like John McCain.
Jake Nantz August 30, 2008 at 8:47 am
Man I feel like one of my students taking notes. Ms. Sokoloff, I really hope you don't mind, but I'm literally downloading each of these into a Word document to help my creative writing students understand the meat-and-potatoes of basic story structure. Much of this can be good for them even when they are just working on shorts.
On a personal note, it's really building confidence for me, because I keep looking at my WIP, my first novel, and checking things off in my mind (yep, got that, yep, that's there, okay…need her to show up a little sooner, got that, and that). It's great because it's almost like getting feedback from a published author (as opposed to the people in my former writing group, where the only "published" author was through Booksurge).
Thanks so much for doing this. Oh, and I love the occasional Alien reference. I thought I was one of the only ones who knew which movie used the Nostromo and which used the Sulaco….
Rob Gregory Browne August 30, 2008 at 10:10 am
This is really great stuff, Alex. But I'm not surprised. 🙂
The one thing I would argue with — and this always gets me into trouble — is character arc.
Most stories take place over a few hours, days, or weeks. Unless you're writing a sweeping saga, the timeline is very short.
To have a character discover something about herself over such a short period of time — at least to the point where it changes her, is, to my mind, a bit of a stretch.
Generally speaking, people don't change in a few days, no matter what they're confronted with. If something major happens, like a death in the family, a mugging, an accident — people are certainly affected by it, but any change they go through would still take months or even years.
Yes, I know we're talking fiction, and fiction often has a kind of accelerated reality, but I think too many of us put too much emphasis on the idea that your hero has to change in some way.
Does James Bond change? Even in this last, best Bond, Bond went from being a ruthless killing machine to a slightly more ruthless — and pissed off — killing machine. Not much of a change.
Michael Connelly's Harry Bosch has changed, but it has taken several books — and years — for that arc, and it's still in progress.
Or look at Jack Reacher. To my mind, he is one of the greatest characters in fiction these days — every writer wishes he'd created a Reacher, and readers love him. But change? Not much. In fact, we don't WANT him to change. Reacher remains the same solid, unflinching nomad throughout the story, and we know that in the end he's going to save the day, then walk off alone into the sunset.
Now, I'm not suggesting there's anything WRONG with a nice character arc, I just don't think it's a NECESSARY element of fiction.
My two cents, at least.
Again, great post. I just wanted to throw that in.
R.J. Mangahas August 30, 2008 at 10:11 am
Another useful post Alex. I notice you use SILENCE OF THE LAMBS quite a bit for story reference. Can't say I blame you there. It's probably one of the best examples for your posts that have to do with storytelling. Well, that and it's probably one of my favorite stories.
Hope you have fun in The Big Easy.
Louise Ure August 30, 2008 at 11:43 am
Thank you, Madame Professor!
And take care down in New Orleans. I don't envy you the trip, and have my fingers crossed for your well being (and for that of all Gulf Coast residents) right now.
pari August 30, 2008 at 1:24 pm
Alex,I hope you're NOT headed into N.O. right now!My prayers and thoughts are everyone on the coast. Let this NOT be the hurricane people think it might be.
As to your marvelous post: Each week I feel like I'm getting an incredible lesson in writing — one that's tangible, useful and magnificently concepted. Thank you.
J.D. Rhoades August 30, 2008 at 1:33 pm
You know there's a hurricane headed to New Orleans, right? Good luck, Alex.
And you should know…I'm printing this series of posts out and putting them in a notebook. This is great stuff.
R.J. Mangahas August 30, 2008 at 2:10 pm
Okay, I'm a little dense sometimes and I forgot about that hurricane that is threatening the coast. Hopefully it'll just decide to bypass. (Fingers crossed)
Jake Nantz August 30, 2008 at 11:31 pm
Have to say I'm getting a little nervous that Ms. Sokoloff hasn't come back in on the comment trail to let us know she got to N.O. all right. Prayers for everyone down there that is staring down another hurricane when they had finally started to get their feet under them and tourism booming again after Katrina. God, please watch over those families.
Allison Brennan August 31, 2008 at 11:42 am
I'm praying for you in N.O., Alex!
My first act is what I write and rewrite and write and rewrite more than all other parts of my book. I spend twice as long on the first 100 pages than I do on the last 300-350 pages of my manuscript. I'm glad I'm not abnormal.
Zoë Sharp August 31, 2008 at 4:54 pm
Another fascinating and extremely valuable post, Alex.
Hope you got out of New Orleans OK!
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The FEAM Forum Annual Lecture – held in Brussels on March 18th 2019 – was a great opportunity to understand which are the effective advantages and the challenges coming with the use of the AI in healthcare.
At the question "Is Europe ready?", the answer was clear: "Not there yet!".
During the event, many aspects from different perspectives have been addressed such as the issue of the risk assessment, validity and transparency of the data generated by the AI, data security for privacy, the opportunity to use AI for prediction and diagnoses and much more along this.
A detailed summary report will also be soon available on our webpage.
FEAM wants to thank all participants and speakers for their excellent talks. Thank you to Pr. Andrea Renda, Prof. Gustave Moonen, Dr. Nicola Perrin, Dr. Marco Marsella, Dr. Martha De Cunha Maluf-Burgman, Dr. Stefan Platz, Prof. George Griffin, Prof. Jean-Michel Foidart and Ms. Jacki Davis (moderator) for the lively discussion.


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Home / Stock Picks / Hot Stocks / Have a Little Patience Before Jumping in on Nikola Stock
Have a Little Patience Before Jumping in on Nikola Stock
Nikola stock has a bumpy road ahead, but it's less bumpy than you think
By Larry Ramer, InvestorPlace Contributor	Sep 25, 2020, 6:40 am EST	 September 28, 2020
When it comes to Nikola (NASDAQ:NKLA), I think many investors and most of the Street have lost sight of a few important points. Most critically, they don't realize that Nikola stock can soar even if the company does not, on its own, revolutionize fuel-cell and battery technology. Nevertheless, I believe that investors should wait for a better entry point before buying Nikola.
Source: Stephanie L Sanchez / Shutterstock.com
As I've pointed out previously, there will be meaningful demand for fuel-cell trucks from many companies that want to show that they care about the environment in general and climate change in particular. Additionally, in certain places, like California and Europe, governments are likely to mandate the use of zero-emission trucks.
And it makes sense for battery-electric trucks to be used for relatively short-distance tasks in areas where many people live and/or work. In those situations, the trucks' short range will not be an issue, while their lack of pollution will be an important asset.
There aren't many companies making "green," full-size trucks now. After performing extensive research on the sector, I've only heard of several such companies, including Toyota (NYSE:TM), Hyundai, Workhorse (NASDAQ:WKHS), and Lightning Systems which is partnering with Plug Power (NASDAQ:PLUG).
Given the relative lack of competition in the "green truck" space, Nikola can succeed — and Nikola stock can surge above its current levels — if its vehicles are well-designed, work well without giving their owners major difficulties, and use top-notch existing technologies.
The company's plan to launch hundreds of hydrogen-fuel stations could, meanwhile, give it an important first-mover advantage over its competitors, since there are currently very few such stations in the U.S.
There are multiple indications that Nikola's trucks will be well-designed, function properly, and incorporate leading technology.
A Closer Look at Nikola Stock
First of all, Nikola has received large orders from two huge companies: Anheuser-Busch (NYSE:BUD) and trash hauler Republic Services (NYSE:RSG). In 2018, the beer maker ordered "up to" 800 fuel-cell trucks from Nikola, while Republic Services in August ordered 2,500 battery-electric trucks from Nikola.
In November 2019, Anheuser-Busch announced that it had used one of Nikola's tucks to make a delivery for the first time. I think it's likely that the beer maker has utilized many of Nikola's trucks since then and that we would've heard if the vehicles weren't functioning well by now.
Further, I'd be willing to bet that both Anheuser-Busch and Republic Services used experts to evaluate Nikola's technology, engineering concepts, and personnel and found that it was poised to develop reliable vehicles with strong functionality.
Nikola Is Likely to Have Leading Technology
On the technology front, Nikola has worked closely with Bosch, a top developer of truck components and technologies. Specifically, the two companies partnered to create a "fuel cell powertrain" for Nikola's Nikola Two truck.
Moreover, the companies reported that "Nikola trucks feature Bosch innovations such as Mirror Cam systems, Perfectly Keyless and Servotwin steering system."
Further, as is well-known, General Motors (NYSE:GM) recently announced a large-scale deal with Nikola. Under the agreement, GM will engineer and build Nikola's Badger pickup truck. Two versions of the truck will be sold: one will use only a battery and the other will be powered by a fuel cell and batteries. And outside of Europe, GM will supply all of Nikola's fuel cells.
GM's electric car, the Bolt, has generally been the best-selling electric vehicle in the U.S. that's made by a company whose name is not Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA). I've been very pleased with my pre-owned Chevy Volt which I bought in October 2019. Given these points, I'm confident that GM will, using Nikola's design, build an excellent pickup truck for the start-up and sell it high-functioning fuel cells.
Trouble With the CEO
Under its former chairman and CEO, Trevor Milton, Nikola specialized in half-truths/deception, exaggerations, and somewhat overambitious aspirations, but Milton is no longer with the company. Its CFO, Kim Brady, recently provided a measured evaluation of Nikola's capabilities, indicating that Nikola intends to be more levelheaded and transparent going forward.
Additionally, one could easily argue that if Milton's statements should disqualify Nikola, then Elon Musk's statements should have doomed Tesla stock many years ago.
Remember Musk's claims about Tesla's autonomous vehicles and accusations of test fudging by the EPA. Of course, The Who could forget that the SEC famously accused Musk of lying.
Most recently, Musk failed to deliver on his million-mile battery tease and, much more egregiously, let the rumor that Tesla was about to unveil such a battery circulate for many weeks without denying it.
The Bottom Line on Nikola Stock
Given the high likelihood of strong demand for zero-emission, full-sized trucks, the lack of strong competition in the space, and Nikola's impressive partnerships, Nikola could become quite successful.
If Elon Musk's history is any indication, Milton's misrepresentations and exaggerations should not be disqualifying for Nikola over the longer term.
But with the coronavirus pandemic poised to potentially worsen as the weather gets colder and restrictions on the sale of over 250 million shares of Nikola stock set to expire on Dec. 3, I would urge investors to wait until at least after a week or two after that date before pulling the trigger on the shares. I think investors who wait until at least the middle of December will probably get a better entry point.
On the date of publication, Larry Ramer did not have (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned in this article.
Larry has conducted research and written articles on U.S. stocks for 13 years. He has been employed by The Fly and Israel's largest business newspaper, Globes. Among his highly successful contrarian picks have been solar stocks, Roku, and Snap. You can reach him on StockTwits at @larryramer. Larry began writing columns for InvestorPlace in 2015.
Article printed from InvestorPlace Media, https://investorplace.com/2020/09/have-a-little-patience-before-jumping-in-on-nikola-stock/.
What Did the Stock Market Do? Jan. 15, 2021


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The Dead Space remake will be relaunched as a New Game+ with a secret conclusion
by Jessica Lucas | Thu, 26 Jan 2023 at 00:58:01 | Tech
Motive Studio has announced that its upcoming remake of Dead Space, which will include a New Game+ option, would be released shortly. The game will also include new ghost Necromorphs, according to the studio's Twitter feed.
Despite the studio's efforts to develop the new secret ending, specifics about the new Necromorph version will only be revealed after the game's actual release.
Dead Space will be available on PC, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X/S on January 27th.
Season 58 Episode 96 of Days of Our Lives (Monday 30,2023) Spoilers
Season 4 cast of Meet 90 Day Fianc The Other Way


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"In The Meantime": Tinashe Tides Us Over With A Bass-Heavy Cut
Can I just say? I am so proud of Tinashe. The dream is becoming a reality.
After years of supplying us with those incredible self-released mixtapes, my favorite up-and-coming future R&B-pop darling's gone and notched herself a bonafide hit on the Billboard Hot 100 charts this year with "2 On." And the DJ Mustard-produced club banger has only continued to dominate throughout the year, thanks to a continuous stream of remixes and features. (Thanks, Drake!)
Last night, a T-Minus-produced cut called "In The Meantime" surfaced online. And while there's still no need to push out new tunes from her upcoming debut album Aquarius just yet ("2 On" just peaked at #24 last week, in fact), I'm always happy to hear more of what she's been cooking up for her major label debut.
The bass-heavy slice of seduction layers Tinashe's fluttery vocals atop tripping drums and light electronic flourishes, continuing her winning #SomethingMoreUrban "2 On" swag. "I need that, you fuckin' know I do/I need that, I'mma have to show you boy/I'm 'bout to feed you a part of me right now," she flirts.
There's no guarantee that this song is part of her upcoming LP, as it does feel like an early demo — especially when the beat comes in for an extended run at the 2-minute mark — but it's still a promising indication of where her sound is heading. Killin' 'em, boo!
"2 On" was released on January 21. (iTunes)
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The video for Ariana Grande's Break Free" has arrived
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Cassie's Video for "King of Hearts" is Perfect, Remains Free of All Flaws
Yesterday, Cassie premiered her long, long, long awaited new single, "King
Imogen: Making Sounds
So good to hear from you again, Imogen!
Rihanna: Rude Boy (Video Premiere)
The video for "Rude Boy" is here, adding yet another piece of


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Henríquez, Cristina, 1977- author.
The book of unknown Americans / Cristina Henríquez.
Publisher, Date:
New York : Alfred A. Knopf, 2014.
285 pages ; 22 cm
"Arturo and Alma Rivera have lived their whole lives in Mexico. One day, their beautiful fifteen-year-old daughter, Maribel, sustains a terrible injury, one that casts doubt on whether she'll ever be the same. And so, leaving all they have behind, the Riveras come to America with a single dream: that in this country of great opportunity and resources, Maribel can get better. When Mayor Toro, whose family is from Panama, sees Maribel in a Dollar Tree store, it is love at first sight. It's also the beginning of a friendship between the Rivera and Toro families, whose web of guilt and love and responsibility is at this novels core"--Provided by publisher.
Teenagers -- Fiction.
Immigrants -- Fiction.
Teenagers.
Delaware -- Fiction.
Delaware.
Love stories.
Other Title:
Unknown Americans
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HENRIQU
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"A triumph of storytelling. Henríquez pulls us into the lives of her characters with such mastery that we hang on to them just as fiercely as they hang on to one another and their dreams. This passionate, powerful novel will stay with you long after you've turned the final page." --Ben Fountain, author of Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk

 A boy and a girl who fall in love. Two families whose hopes collide with destiny. An extraordinary novel that offers a resonant new definition of what it means to be American.

 Arturo and Alma Rivera have lived their whole lives in Mexico. One day, their beautiful fifteen-year-old daughter, Maribel, sustains a terrible injury, one that casts doubt on whether she'll ever be the same. And so, leaving all they have behind, the Riveras come to America with a single dream: that in this country of great opportunity and resources, Maribel can get better.

 When Mayor Toro, whose family is from Panama, sees Maribel in a Dollar Tree store, it is love at first sight. It's also the beginning of a friendship between the Rivera and Toro families, whose web of guilt and love and responsibility is at this novel's core.

 Woven into their stories are the testimonials of men and women who have come to the United States from all over Latin America. Their journeys and their voices will inspire you, surprise you, and break your heart.

 Suspenseful, wry and immediate, rich in spirit and humanity, The Book of Unknown Americans is a work of rare force and originality.
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