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Why the Book Is Always Better
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Elizabeth Grunewald
1 POSTED: 26 Nov 2010 09:00
We say it every time an adaptation is filmed. Why is it so?
Very nice article; It excatly reflects the thoughts I had about the Lord of The Rings when I watched the films. They are brilliant films but they aren't MY Middle Earth!
The book is the book. The film is the film.
That's how I see it anyway.
People can get all wound up that some things get lost in the translation from page to screen, but like you said, books and movies are very different mediums. Had they made a 100% accurate translation of Lord of The Rings, the movie would've been unbearable, if only because most of the characters wouldn't seem to have an arc.
In order to make good movie translation, you have to change things, because you're making a movie and not a book.
Books will always be more of a personal experience, but that's the written word for ya.
Carnagath
I agree and would add that the book is even better than the film the more imaginative you are as a person and as a reader. Furthermore, reading does train and broaden one's imagination, so people who read a lot (especially fiction) also tend to be more imaginative and harder to satisfy when they watch a film than people who don't.
Therumancer
Interesting, I've heard similar opinions before. Speaking for myself I tend to think a failure to capture a book's essence is mostly the fault of the film makers. I can see how some books can't be translated properly, but others can be, it's just deliberate choices are made not to.
Missing content and explanation is typically an issue of wanting to keep run times down. Sometimes "Director's Cuts" help here, but often all of the material that should be there isn't filmed to begin with.
Then of course there is modification based on what the people producing the movie want to do with it. The deeper and darker context of "Alice In Wonderland" for example doesn't jibe with the desire to make a kid-friendly film. A lot of people tend to forget what is present in some of these children's tales (doubtlessly to gradually build the personality structures they will need as adults), people analyzing the work to make a film suddenly think "wow, in todays "protect the children" world, we can't make this obvious or it would slot a lot of people off".
In many cases I feel a work could be done justice as say a mini-series, TV series, or an epic with the films being several times longer. You rarely see this kind of thing attempted for reasons both financial, and of course practical because simply put film makers believe that today's generation is not capable of sitting through say a four hour movie.
To be honest, the last time I attended a show that had an intermission was at a (fairly local) drive-in. While there are fewer of these around today, I think they prove that you could very easily make four to six hour movies, rather than showing two films with an intermission in between. All jibes about the purpose of a drive in aside (snicker) I think it's one of many things you can point at to show that it's possible to take the time to do a lot of these stories right.
If someone was to say triple the length of all of the Harry Potter films, yeah, I think you could get a "perfect" film adaption. The obstacles of course being time and money, not some fundemental barrier between book and screen. The same could be said of most adaptions. Ditto of course for taking a "damn the torpedos" approach to content, I understand why it doens't happen, but the bottom line it could happen. With today's ethics of insane child protection would a properly translated "Alice In Wonderland" still get a "G" rating? No, probably not. I imagine ratings boards would push it up to PG at least.
tautologico
The first two Harry Potter movies are terrible. The first fails exactly because it tries to stay too close to the book; the bad acting of the protagonists doesn't help, either.
Now, a good film from a Harry Potter book is the third one, directed by Alfonso Cuarón. I liked HP7 part 1, but the better HP film is still the third.
Dorkmaster Flek
The real question is, does this mean we shouldn't try to adapt books to films, or films to games, or medium X to medium Y at all? My knee jerk reaction is yes, but I'm not certain.
Simulated Eon
Interesting article and I completely agree.
The thing was when I started notice this I have always wanted to read the book before I see the movie (a reason to why I still haven't seen "It") so that I don't have my imagination spoiled when I read the book.
It is also a readon to why I hate certain movies becase they stray so far from the books or completly destroys the narative (Eragon I'm pointing at you).
spartan231490
I think it's much more simple than this article makes it out to be. It comes down to the fact that books and movies work in fundamentally different ways, and i think books are superior, but my opinion aside. You can't take a story that was made for the book way of things and have it work even better in the movie way of things. I would go so far as to suggest that most if not all movies that aren't based on books, would make horrible books. A book often uses the thoughts and emotions of the characters to keep the reader interested when there is no "on screen action". They also have a lot more time to atach the reader to the main character, meaning emotional conflict is much more powerful. On the other hand, movies show you the action in real time, so action sequences are much more compelling than in a book. that's my opinion anyway.
Orcboyphil
10 POSTED: 26 Nov 2010 09:51
This is why I never understood the popularity of Slumdog Millionaire. I read the book (Q&A) after listening to a wonderful adaptaion on Radio 4. To me the film was a disaster, it followed the basic plot alright (poor boy wins big on quiz becuase his life experiences give him the answers) but apart form that everything had changed, heck even the main charecter no longer existed and there where glaring plot holes because of it (Why do they all suddenly speak English? Ram had always spoken english as he was brought up by an English priest and had also worked in the Austalian embassy, not forgetting his time fleecing American tourisits). So yeah a film adaptation is never as good as the book.
manythings
megalomania:
Perhaps but I personally could live without the combined 150 pages that he spent in every new environment talking about how it stank worse than the place they were in last time.
I read them before the movies way back in the dinosaur times of the 90's and recently tried again but I only got as far as Bilbo's birthday party before I gave up and read something with a scrap of pacing.
Rawle Lucas
Here's why the book is always better if it came first: the book had more time.
Films are the visual equivalent of short stories, not novels. They have to stick with a few characters and focus on mostly one conflict (longer films can handle more, but not by much.) Films seem so much less satisfying than the books they're based on because those long novels have been condensed immensely. Visuals, of course, take away the need for written or spoken descriptions, but the text that remains is still a challenge.
Limited-run TV shows are the visual equivalent of novels.
One trick I've seen, though, is to watch the film first, then read the book (I did this with Kamikaze Girls.) When you watch the film first, you feel a strong sense of discovery when you later crack open the novel and encounter everything that was left out or altered, but when you read the book first, you get frustrated at all the stuff left out of the movie.
Jabberwock xeno
It's adaption decay: The manga is almost always better than the anime, the book for the film, the film to the game and so on.
Redem
I think providing the right circustance a movie adaptation can be better than the book especially in term of pacing and style. I think it might be related to how one or the other manage to convey information to the viewers/readers.
I for one keep wondering why most people feel compel to read book adaptation first rather than seeing the movie first see if they like it and then read the book. (unless of course the movie very different from the book)
comadorcrack
I disagree, Yes in general films do fall short of their paper sources. However this is because they try and be too much like the book. Its not strictly a true statement but bare with me. Films and Books are different media and I always say on thing when a film is an adaptation "Don't be like the book". Its best if a film takes the general principle and story from the book. Then does its own thing. It may not always work out, but its clearly a failing system trying to be too much like the book.
That's why I enjoyed the latest Harry Potter So much. It didn't take too much from the book, it wasn't afraid to do its own thing.
Kinokohatake
Oddly enough I think the film version of LoTR was better than the books.
DiMono
I'm of the opinion that whatever came first is usually better, because it's in its original form. It almost never goes movie -> book though, it's pretty reliably other media -> movie. Books are so much better because the narrative can explain what people are thinking and what their motivations are in a way that movies simply cannot.
MikailCaboose
I disagree with the Lord of the Rings. I found that the books ended up having quite a bit of dull, no point sections. Plus the movies did a better job with Faramir because they changed his character a bit.
'Aredor
I wholeheartedly agree, although one could say just as well: the books are better most of the time because books are the superior medium (at least for conveying the things mentioned in the article)
comadorcrack:
I'm confused, are you really talking about the Deathly Hallows, part 1? You're aware that this is, apart from maybe the first one, the only movie in the series to actually stick very close to the book, dismissing only little subtleties?
MikailCaboose:
Plus the movies did a better job with Faramir because they changed his character a bit
Heretic! I usually don't complain too much about changes made from book to movie, but here, they failed bitterly: The whole point of Faramir is that, although his father considers him to be inferior to his big brother, he turns out to be the only human in the whole story who can withstand the rings temptation. And they changed that just so they could add another point of friction. (I don't mean to say you're wrong, just wanted to give my two cents).
Join us tomorrow for "Why the Game is Better Than the Book" Oh what the-
Triangulon
I have to agree. I don't think films do the books justice. Thats not to say I dont enjoy films, I did enjo LOTR and I love Bladerunner. However, still not justice. It may be a bit of a difficult comment to back-up but I don't think a film adaptation of a book I like will ever meet my expectations.
To take Guy Gavriel Kay as an example. I really do believe that there are no actors who could accurately portray the emotion invested in characters such as Caius Crispus,Ammar Ibn Khairan and Dianora.
FistsOfTinsel
I think the article misses an important point: Books that get made into movies are chosen because they are exceptional; the likelihood that lightning will strike twice (that you'll get a director/acting combo that is equal to the notable literary work) is pretty low.
But it has happened, generally when an extremely talented director adopts rather mediocre source material. The best examples are "Jaws", "The Godfather" and "The Shining" - all movies that rank among the director's greatest works. Personally I found the movie "American Psycho" much better than the book - it captured the wit and duality in that was buried under the books pornagraphic passages on sex, violence and consumerism.
I could also make a case for (and get horribly flamed for) "Starship Troopers" - a greatly underrated and delightfully subversive film that goes in a completely different direction than Heinlein's work. Heinlein fans hate it with a fiery passion, and rightly so, since it is almost an assault on the ideas he presented, but as a critique on the appeal of fascism (and how modern media shapes American's view of the world), it's brilliant.
thublihnk
So many discussions like these dismiss Film so easily, decrying it's lack of subtlety when any director worth their salt can be just as subtle as any writer. Each medium has it's strengths, and it's unfair to make this one-sided comparison about book-to-movie adaptations, when the almost guaranteed mediocrity of movie-to-book adaptations is largely ignored.
ThirdPrize
Book->Film->(Comics->)Games. Each is trying to paint an imaginary picture with a progressively cruder set of tools. You can just about do an action adventure story as a game, as they are more about thrills and car chases than characters.
Something Amyss
Isn't this the same author who pointed out Harry Potter will get kids to read and prevent adults from having to?
For some reason the combination of the latter portion, along with "the book is always better" sticks in my craw.
Ekonk
tautologico:
I like all HP movies in varying degrees, with 5 the lowest, and 3 the highest. It was so deliciously dark, that one.
BigBoote66:
Interview with the Vampire. Not a fantastic movie, but far more bearable than the rambling, disjointed writing of Anne Rice.
Varya
One of the biggest problems with movies based on books are often, in my opinion, that they try to MUCH to be like the book. Yeah, you heard me, it's not that they are too far from the source material, but to close. Movies and books are different mediums and when trying to adapt one to the other, you can't keep what distinct them. Yes, this means that plot-threads and dialog get a good chopping but that's all good. If you instead of trying to apologize for it embrace it and instead focus on doing what books can't, you'll end up with a better result. For an example, I really liked HP6 because they went brutal on the script and boiled down the story to it's core, and we got a movie that was very different from the book, but it was a good movie and it fit in with the other movies.
Movies should try and be a stand alone work and not just "living up" to the book. That it could never do because a good book is written as a book, and trying to do that in another medium is doomed to fail. No, let the movie be a movie, and try to be better than the book, surpass it by being something that is not the book it was based on.
tunderball
I prefer the Lord of the Rings films to the books any day of the week. Don't get me wrong the books are fantastic and Tolkien is surrely nothing short of genius for creating the world and the fantasy archetypes that we know today. But as a story it does get lost in places and the characters story arc is barely none existant.
Almost every character has his goals set out from the moment the Fellowship leaves Rivendell and they then spend the rest of the story achieving these goals. To use Aragorn as the ultimate example, in the books he always intends to return to Gondor and become the King, however in the films he is unsure of the destiny laid of before him and only then goes on to fulfill this destiny because of the need created by the evil forces actions throughout the story.
Not everybody will agree with me, and I do honestly see the point of it not being MY Middle Earth, but as a story I believe the plot of the films is a touch more refined.
David_G
Also, Fight Club. In the book, the ending wasn't that good. Or maybe I just liked the acting of Brad Pitt and Edward Norton.
Heraklitus
I think most people say "the book is better" because it happens to be the one book they've read in the last decade and they revel in finally being able to be the smug one.
This_ends_now
It's a simple matter of what came first. If the movie was released first, then they wrote a book on it, the book will be terrible. Same thing with video games and movies. It depends on what kind of medium the story was written for. In fact the best I've seen so far that uses all three mediums in an entertaining way was Scott Pilgrim. Of course liberties were taken with the movie and video game, but both entertaining in their own right.
Redd the Sock
Sometimes I don't think people realize just how much can be in a book. The audiobook for even the shortest Harry Potter is 7 CDs (clocks in at about 8 hours). Granted the overall effext depends on the scene and how it's written. Lord of the Rings had a lot cut for being unnecessary (Fellowship was so dry if I didn't know what was coming I'd have never made it), pared down for time (council of elrond is 45 minutes of dialogue alone), while others (the battles) may be expanded for effect. Still, it's a reminder that perfect renditions aren't going to fit in the standard movie paradigm as movie goers don't want to listen to Dumbledore talk for nearly an hour after the climactic battle at the end of Order of the Pheonix. (for the record, that book is a full 23 CDs or nearly 27 hours long.)
It means that no matter what, something is going to be lost in translation.
Phuctifyno
Dorkmaster Flek:
Now this would mean eliminating over 80% of entertainment media output.
It's important to keep in mind that (whether it be adaptation, sequel, or reboot) when quality is lost while expanding an intellectual property, it doesn't erase or diminish quality of the original (prequels come closer to doing this - but I don't find it too hard to pretend they never happened). The worlds are fiction, and only have as much connection as you allow them.
I mean really... Yoda needs a light saber? Fuck you, George.
ZippyDSMlee
Mmmmmmmm films are a short time sensitive medium that has to share screen time with flashing bright explosions to keep the dimer half of the audience distracted from any semblance of depth,wit or story(kinda like modern games). What more do you need to know?


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This is an introduction to how Windows handles audio inputs and outputs. This is also applicable to later versions of Windows during audio troubleshooting, even though they may have been configured correctly at the onset.
There are really two audio controls in Windows - one for play back and one for record. The two controls are independent of each other.
When you hear audio being picked up and played back through the speakers, that is due to the setting for Microphone volume in Windows audio playback set to ON (MUTE setting not used), i.e, Windows plays back everything that the microphone picks up - very good for karaoke, but not very useful to your recording or chat software since they rely on the Record Control for audio inputs.
Before proceeding, make sure your microphone is plugged into the microphone jack of your sound card and that it is in working order.
1. Double-click the speaker icon in Windows' System Tray to open volume control panel (Play Control).
2. Set the Microphone volume control to Mute.
This has the benefit of avoiding potential feedback by eliminating the feedback loop from the speakers back to the microphone.
What the microphone plays back is different from what the software picks up from the microphone because of the 2 different Sound Controls, hence muting the setting in Play Control will not affect the setting in Record Control.
The user will be unable to hear what the microphone hears through the speakers, but as mentioned before this does not affect the microphone's performance in recording.
3. Click Options -> Properties.
4. Switch to Recording and make sure Microphone is selected.
5. Click OK to exit. Record Control will appear. Select Microphone and adjust its volume as desired.
Note: This assumes the microphone is the recording sound source. If you want to record from other audio sources, then you'll need to select your recording source accordingly.


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Mayur Gupta Follow Growth @ Spotify. Dreamer + Doer + Connecting Dots.. Angel Investor. Blogger. Cricket, Tennis & Nichiren Buddhism. My 3 girls. All views re my own.
SocialMediaToday – My Dialogue with Drew Neisser
Originally published on SocialMediaToday by Drew Neisser
In partnership with The CMO Club, The CMO of the Week series profiles CMOs who are shaping, changing and challenging the world of modern marketing. For Drew Neisser's complete interview with CMO Award Winner Mayur Gupta, click here.
Programmatic is about as nerdy as it gets in the world of marketing. It's the kind of thing you think you "get" after a cursory explanation, but only after some first-hand experience could you really grasp it. Whether you're a programmatic know-it-all or novice, let me introduce you to Mayur Gupta, who, up until recently, was the Global Head of Marketing Technology & Innovation at consumer goods giant Kimberly-Clark and helped drive the brands' success through, you guessed it, technology and innovation.
Gupta and I had the chance to chat following last year's CMO Awards, where he won a Programmatic Award, and I'll share a few of the gems from that conversation below. In truth, Gupta sounds more like the master architect of the world's most futuristic city than a mere marketing mastermind, but in today's world, maybe they're not so different. Here are a few ways that Gupta was helping Kimberly-Clark to construct the next marketing mecca, programmatic being just one among many tools at his disposal.
Thinking Above the Channel
Among the brands in the Kimberly-Clark dominion are paper giants Kleenex, Scott and Huggies. When building a brand, says Gupta, too often marketers look at digital marketing as just one "silo" of the experience. In reality, it's marketing that needs to be integrated into the framework of a digital world, wise words once spoken by Kimberly-Clark's own CMO Clive Sirkin.
"It's quite simple if you think about it," Gupta says. "We're engaging a consumer who is living in a massively digital world, she's dependent on digital technology, which is now part of her daily life. She no longer differentiates between the analog and the digital world in her expectations from brands and how they engage. She expects the same value and experience seamlessly across the board." Through our conversation, it's clear that this 'seamless-ness' is a recurring theme, and it's this thinking that drove Gupta and his colleagues to seek convergence across the moving parts of each brand. "It's a shift from being 'multi-channel' (channel-focused) to truly becoming 'omni-channel' (consumer focused)," he says.
Innovating, Innovating, Innovating
So how exactly does one get past a channel fixation to create a more seamless brand experience for the consumer? At Kimberly-Clark, it's a combination of several factors – eight, actually. Gupta's former company promotes eight principles of innovation in the corporate system that help foster creative solutions, and Gupta shared several of them with me.
First: being consumer-obsessed. "For marketing and innovation to be successful, it needs to be consumer-driven and consumer-obsessed, solving consumer needs and desires," Gupta says. "And when you do that, you organically break the channel silos and drive seamless…consumer experiences." Second, by not "killing the butterfly". In Gupta's words: "Innovation is about letting the ideas fly, which can be challenging in a corporate world that's increasingly driven by ROI from day one." And the principle he says is most important: identifying diverse problems, but moreover finding what unites them. "I strongly believe that creativity and innovation is all about connecting the dots," he says. "Most times, it's all out there; all it needs is wiring."
Building, Not Telling
You can see these principles at work in the way Kimberly-Clark's brands speak to consumers. It's a gut reflex in advertising, of course, to want your brands to "sell, sell, sell," but smart marketing requires a gentler approach and some insight into the human psyche. Most of us by now have figured out that storytelling makes for compelling content, but Gupta says that Kimberly-Clark's brands realized that it's more effective to also let the consumers participate in the narrative. 'Storybuilding', he calls it. "As brands, we share stories that are connected to our brand promise; these stories inspire consumer behavior and participation, where eventually our consumers end up creating their own stories on a canvas and foundation that we provide."
Going Programmatic
To bring this conversation full circle, let's loop back to programmatic. Kimberly-Clark was among the first out of the gates with this kind of marketing, and Gupta says it's been of immeasurable value to the company. "It's helped us become smarter as well as more relevant and personalized from a media buying and consumer engagement standpoint across paid channels," he says. The next step? Applying this edge to the rest of Kimberly-Clark's "ecosystem", its owned and earned channels and with retailer partnerships, "driving stronger consumer engagement and inspiring behavior across the board." The challenge then, he says, will be to take this success and apply it on a global level.
Looking ahead, Gupta hoped to continue working on his favorite initiative: data convergence – weaving the diverse parts of Kimberly-Clark's data ecosystem across 1st, 2nd and 3rd party data as the consumer travels the digital landscape, so to speak. "In order for us to drive relevant, personalized and frictionless consumer experiences across channels and touch points, we need this universal data set… and the ability to make decisions and predictions relevant to our consumer as she hops from one touch point to the other," Gupta says. "This is more critical for us than 'big data' – in fact, we put 'big test' and 'big learning' far ahead of big data."
Leading by Innovating
While innovation in consumer-facing marketing is no small feat, at the time of our interview, Gupta felt that helping Kimberly-Clark become a technology leader within its industry was his best achievement to date. "Personally, I'm most proud of innovating how we drive and orchestrate the complex data and technology ecosystem across marketing," he says. "We've established a global marketing technology organization within marketing, reporting into our CMO, while working very closely with our CIO and her organization."
Marketing and IT, working hand-in-hand—welcome to the future.
#convergence
#marketing technology
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"Tell the Band to Go Home" is the name of a great 6 song EP put out by a singer/songwriter from Kitchener/Waterloo, Ontario, named Paul Macleod. It's a perfect example of the type of music that I play on the show, and a perfect reason for doing it.
The EP is a simple recording of Paul and a guitar playing amazing songs. It's recorded live at The Sidetrack Cafe in Edmonton. It's the kind of amazing music that somehow flies below the public radar. Seriously, have you ever heard of the guy?
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Artists are free to check out our submission guidelines, and if they think their music might fit in with the show, I'll be glad to give your CD a listen.
I started at UMFM in May of 2001 as the board operator for Lisa Marie Serafin's "Songwriters' Circle" program, every second Sunday 2-4 pm on UMFM. LM was a local singer/songwriter (she's since moved and for the most part stopped performing) who had lots of musical friends, and each week she'd invite a few of them in to sing and talk. She also featured a lot of independent releases from around the world. I'd heard Lisa-Marie's music and was a fan of the show, so I was very excited to hop on board.
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As time went on, I just couldn't keep my mouth shut any longer, and before you knew it, I was co-host of both shows (sometimes I think that was to the chagrin of the hosts…). When Lisa-Marie or Howard needed a week off, I was more than happy to fill in and do things my way.
In the spring of 2002, Lisa-Marie announced that she was moving to Quebec. I knew that she'd be missed, but she was moving for good reasons and was happy about it, and I kind of figured the show would be in fairly good hands without her. I was more than happy to carry on the show in her absence, and I hoped to make it a permanent gig for myself. Well, there was some controversy and debate (left out, to be kind, but I can always be persuaded to tell you the whole story, some time…) but eventually I was given the reins and told to make the show my own. I do things a bit differently than LM, so I didn't just want to change her show, I wanted it to be mine, so some changes were in order.
If I were going to make the show my own, I was going to have to change the name. The problem is that I am not a creative genius. Thinking up a clever, original title was simply not in my character. So, I decided to take the easy way out and make someone else do it. I decided to run a contest where people could send in ideas for a show name, with some grand prize going to the best name.
I also had a list of names of my own, most of which were lame, I admit. Most folks decided to come up with something original. I knew my friends were clever, but I didn't expect the amount of great suggestions I'd get. I got so many great suggestions, that the problem became picking one. I'm no good with decisions. Everybody seemed proud of their entries and I really didn't want to disappoint anyone in particular, so I decided to disappoint them all.
In desperation, I sat in my music room one day staring at my CDs and the answer jumped out at me. At the last minute, I discarded all of the great suggestions that had been sent in, and Tell the Band to Go Home was born.
For the 2002 season, Tell the Band to Go Home alternated weeks with a show called Lab Rats from the Earth's Core. It was, to be polite, a strange show. Folks who listened to TTBTGH generally didn't "get" the Lab Rats, and the folks that listened to their show likely weren't interested in my little singer/songwriter program. It was hard for people to know when the show was on and remember to tune in on the right week, so I began suggesting to our amazing Program Director, Jared, that perhaps it was best if my show was on every week.
Jared kindly let me do the weekly show, but in exchange, I had to give up hosting Free Range Radio, which I had been doing by myself since Howard went on hiatus during the summer of 2003. I agreed, but somehow convinced Jared to let my friends Mike and Terry have their own Free Range Radio slot on Thursday nights. Steel Belted Free Range Radio was born on Thursday, September 11, 2003, with a very special in-studio visit by none other than Ron Sexsmith. I was allowed to help Mike and Terry "get started" but once they knew what they were doing, I was supposed to leave the show to them. Instead, Mike left us. That turned out to be ok, because we gained KK, who has been keeping me and Terry in line ever since.
On Sunday, September 14, 2003, Tell the Band to Go Home became a weekly institution on UMFM, and the rest is history in the making.


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Q: Passing an attribute from a parent to a child class I am trying to create a child class called Beams which is an extension of the Elements class. The latter computes the length of the element and stores it as an attribute of the Elements class. I would like to somehow pass the length to the child class. What is the right way to do it?
Please note: my code does not instantiate the Elements class directly. Rather its attributes are used in the instances of the Beam class through inheritance.

class Elements:

    def __init__(self,number,start_node,end_node,e_modulus,cs_area):

        self.number = number
        self.start_node = start_node
        self.end_node = end_node
        self.e_modulus = e_modulus

        d_x = end_node.x_glob - start_node.x_glob
        d_y = end_node.y_glob - start_node.y_glob

        self.length = mt.sqrt(d_x**2 + d_y**2)
        self.alpha = mt.atan2(d_y, d_x)

        r1 = mt.cos(self.alpha)
        r2 = mt.sin(self.alpha)

        self.rot_matrix = np.array([[r1,  r2, 0, 0,   0,  0],
                                   [-r2, r1, 0, 0,   0,  0],
                                   [0,   0,  1, 0,   0,  0],
                                   [0,   0,  0, r1,  r2, 0],
                                   [0,   0,  0, -r2, r1, 0],
                                   [0,   0,  0, 0,   0,  1]])

class Beam(Elements):

    def __init__(self,number,start_node,end_node,e_modulus,cs_area,second_mom_of_area):
        super().__init__(number,start_node,end_node,e_modulus,cs_area)
        self.second_mom_of_area = second_mom_of_area

        k1 = (e_modulus*cs_area)/length
        k2 = (12*e_modulus*second_mom_of_area)/(length**3)
        k3 = (6*e_modulus*second_mom_of_area)/(length**2)
        k4 = (4*e_modulus*second_mom_of_area)/(length)
        k5 = (2*e_modulus*second_mom_of_area)/(length)

        self.loc_stiff_matrix = np.array([[ k1,   0,   0, -k1,   0,   0],
                                         [  0,  k2,  k3,   0, -k2, -k3],
                                         [  0,  k3,  k4,   0, -k3,  k5],
                                         [-k1,   0,   0,  k1,   0,   0],
                                         [  0, -k2, -k3,   0,  k2,   0],
                                         [  0,  k3,  k5,   0, -k3,  k4]])

A: Everything you define in your parent class is inherited by the child and, unless explicitly modified in the body of the child, they are directly accessible as attributes.
In your case:
beam = Beam(**kwargs)

print(beam.length)
# or
print(getattr(beam, "length"))

should work.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Washington State Food Truck Association will partner with the Port of Bellingham to present "Food Truck Fridays" starting this Friday through Oct. 27.
A small pod of food trucks will set up from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. every Friday near Squalicum Boathouse, 2600 Harbor Loop, at Zuanich Point Park. Brotha Dudes, Kona Ice and the new Big Stick BBQ are some of the participating vendors.
Vendors and the public can access the online calendar to see which trucks will be there each week at wafoodtrucks.org/port-of-bellingham.
The Jansen Art Center, 321 Front St., in Lynden celebrates five years of providing a place for artists to create, teach, share and engage the community on Saturday, beginning with a free, self-guided tour of the center's studios from 1-5 p.m. A benefit concert and fundraiser follows from 5-9 p.m. behind the center, spreading into Judson alley, complete with a Kulshan beer and wine garden, local food trucks La Gloria and Brotha Dudes, a raffle and an auction, open to ages 21 and older, with a $45 tax-deductible ticket.
The benefit concert and fundraiser features The Paperboys, a world-touring band from Vancouver, B.C. Opening for The Paperboys is local Motown-gospel-funk-and-blues favorite Checo Tohomaso.
Tickets for the benefit concert are on sale at the J's Gallery Shop and online at jansenartcenter.org. Details: 360-354-3600.
The morning begins at 10 a.m. Saturday in the Schweinhaus Biergarten, 1330 N. State St. with an hour-long, all-levels yoga practice. Immediately following the practice, participants move to the bar for favorite craft brews.
This class will take place outside, and there'll be extra mats available if you want to double mat for comfort or to keep yours from getting dirty. Doors open at 9:30 a.m. You must be 21 to attend this event.
Tickets are $20 for yoga only; $25 for yoga and beer, available at justaddyogaevents.com/schedule/schweinhausaug.
The Alzheimer Society of Washington hosts its 18th annual Miles for Memories 5K Walk/Run from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturday at Zuanich Point Park, 2600 N. Harbor Loop Drive.
This year there's a new addition: the Shoes & Brews Beer Garden, featuring six kegs from local breweries, from noon to 4 p.m. Beer is $5 a glass, and there'll be box lunches, with hot dogs, chips and a drink, available for $5, plus live music with The Dagwoods and a raffle.
Check-in begins at 9 a.m. inside Squalicum boathouse. The race start is at 10:30 a.m. Adult registration is $30, $25 for kids. All proceeds support the organization's programs and support groups. Info: alzsociety.org.
Support college access for low-income and first generation college students at Futures NW "Sips and Scholarships" fundraiser from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. Saturday at Boundary Bay Brewery.
The free event features live music from the Bellingham Youth Jazz Band, The Co-Founder, and Paul Klein and friends, as well as food and beer, raffle prizes and a silent auction. Plus, it's the kick-off to financial aid and scholarship season across Whatcom and Skagit County with information for families at all income levels. Attendees have a chance to speak with scholarship experts, get advice on financial aid and even sign up for one of the four scholarships provided at the event.
All students and families welcome. Details: 360-220-3415, futuresnw.org.
Masquerade Wine Company celebrates the release of a new wine, "Summer of Love" Rosé Sparkling Wine, in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of 1967's Summer of Love, at 4 p.m. Saturday at Masquerade, 3950 Hammer Drive, Suite 101. The company will soon to be the home of Illuminati Brewing Company.
"Sunshine Daydream," the company's first music, art, and craft event, starts with acoustic music by Ava Sakowski, followed by local bluegrass aficionados Prozac Mtn Boys at 5 p.m., and winds up with Sleepy Alligators at 7 p.m., who'll perform music by the Grateful Dead.
Masquerade makes about 2,000 cases a year of award-winning red, white, and Bill says they will soon expand the business beyond wine to launch Illuminati Brewing Company, sharing the same production facility and tasting room as the winery to be the second joint winery-brewery operation in the state. They will focus on English-style ales, including some cask-conditioned ales. There will be limited food service and a retail cheese and cured meat deli counter. All the current wines will be available by the bottle and glass, as well several guest beer selections. Details: 360-220-7072, masqueradewines.com.
B-Town Kitchen & Raw Bar, 714 Lakeway Drive, invites seafood lovers to indulge in fresh-shucked oysters at its inaugural OysterFest from 2-6 p.m. Saturday, to commemorate National Oyster Day. Guests can enjoy fresh-shucked $1 oysters paired with special house-made dipping sauces prepared by Chef Evan Morrison, as well as live oyster-shucking demonstrations courtesy of local Pacific Seafood, who will be on hand to explain how oysters are sourced and harvested.
To complement the feast, B-Town Kitchen has also partnered with Villa Maria Winery of New Zealand and will feature $5 glasses of Sparkling Sauvignon Blanc to pair perfectly with the event's celebratory menu. Details: 360-392-6520, btownkitchen.com.


before that i saved all tags to file from GMB settings, i did check the option "write to tag" in the rating and playcount in fields.
and what is Identifier in file tag?
by the way i still have my old home/.config/gmusicbrowser folder . will any file from that help in restoring my ratings etc?
To write all the ratings and playcount, you have to turn on that option for both, restart, select "update tags..." in the "tags" tab, and select ratings and playcount in that dialog.
It's a string used to identify a user, so that you can save a setting by user in the tag. It can also be used to use more than one rating.
But you don't need to set it if you want only one rating by file.
Yes, that's what you should do when reinstalling. The file ~/.config/gmusicbrowser/gmbrc contains everything, you just have to copy it into your new home.
If the path to your music files have changed, the best way is probably to do a search and replace in the gmbrc file.
although i always had a backup plan when i migrated from windoz-mediamonkey last yr that i selected all songs with a certain rating and wrote the number in comments field. so all i had to do was search for the number in gmb and rate all of the results accordingly.
one more thing off the topic, is somebody working on a zeitgeist data provider kind of thing for GMB?
Not that I know of, I'm not very familiar with zeitgeist, but it should probably be rather easy as there are internal signals for any field modification, so a a plugin could easily do something with it.


text:
Users experience OS Lag, blackout, failure on OnePlus 9 pro
Report: Galaxy S22 Series with Exynos SoCs spotted on Italian e-retailers
Samsung users lament as they are unable to Clear Cache on their phones
Nikon released Z 400mm f / 2.8 super-telephoto lens priced at 99,999 yuan
Apple Podcasts rolls out 'Listen With' collections for users
Only the highest-end iPhone 14 models will get a 120 Hz ProMotion display
Apple is working on fixing known Safari fingerprinting bug
Google calls for govt help to secure critical open-source software
Japan to develop cargo spacecraft, begins lunar exploration activities
Why Instagram is no longer the main trend in social media
Twitter to soon allow retweet with TikTok-like reaction videos
Musk replies to Dorsey commemorating the 13th anniversary of Bitcoin
McAfee Enterprise and FireEye will now be called Trellix post-merger
Top ideas you must consider for delivering unique Employee Rewards
Amazon's reveals new Alexa devices at the annual Hardware event
Tania Halder
Amazon Reveals New Alexa Devices At Its Hardware 2019 Event
Amazon unveiled more than a dozen new Alexa-enabled products at the annual Amazon Hardware event in Seattle on September 26. The list of products include a wide range of Alexa featured products, from Echo Loop to an oven.
A large number of home products and hardware devices are sold on Amazon at a daily basis. However, they did not disclosed the amount of total company revenue. Amazon hardware chief, Dave Limp said in a CNBC report:
"We try to price our products effectively at about what they cost to make. We think that's very aligned with customers, we don't make a lot of money on them, we don't lose a lot of money on them, but what we try to do is then make money both for us and developers when customers use the products, not just when they buy them".
Here's a list of everything Amazon has announced at the event:
Amazon Echo Studio with s5 speakers:
Amazon announced a whole new update to the company Echo line with its Alexa powered home products.
The Echo Studio features s5 speakers with Dolby Atmos technology for 3D audio. It also has three 2-inches mid-range speakers (up, left and right), one 1-inch tweeter and a 5.25-inch woofer with bass aperture. The device also supports the new Amazon Music HD service and Zigbee for more advanced home automation.
This Echo Studio is priced at $200 and will be released on November 7.
Echo Loop, the smart ring
Echo Loop is a smart ring that has a built-in microphone, speaker and an all-day battery life. This ring is also Alexa powered and the users can use the ring to make calls, control your smart home and do everything they desire to do. The ring also includes a wireless charging stand.
The Day 1 edition of the smart ring comes at $130 and is available with invitation only. Users can order a kit with dummy rings of different sizes and pick the right one for themselves.
Echo Frames to add up
Have you ever wished to have the specs that Tony Stark left for Spiderman? Well now you can have them. Though the new Echo Frames don't have AR like Google Glass, but they certainly can make calls, set reminders, add things to your to-do list and more.
It has a longer battery life and also support podcasts. The Day 1 Edition of the frame costs $180 where as it has a regular price of $250.
Echo Buds for a better music experience
Echo Buds are truly wireless earbuds from Amazon with Alexa built in. They claim to have 5 hours of playback on their own, where as the charging case brings the total up to 20 hours. Furthermore, if you charge it for 15 minutes, it is enough for 2 hours of music.
They come with audio cred and feature dual drivers and a 3 microphone array with Bose Active Noise Cancellation. They will retail at a price of $130 and will be released on October 30.
In addition to these, the ring, glasses and earbuds can also work with the Google Assistant or Apple Siri.
The Echo Show 8
This features an 8-inch HD screen that can display the daily itinerary, show who's at the door with a Ring camera, and even play TV shows and movies. There is a 1MP front camera and two 2 inch speakers for video calling and music. There is also a hardware slider that can cover the camera and disable the microphones for privacy.
The Echo Show 8 is reportedly on pre-order now and will be available on November 21.
Echo Dot for your daily convenience
The 3rd generation Echo Dot normally acts as a small speaker, but the sandstone version has a digital clock visible through the cloth. It shows time and also switches to a temperature display when you ask about the weather.
The device will be released on October 16 at $60, and without the clock it will cost $50.
Echo Flex, the smart speaker
Echo Flex is an amazing new speaker that also works as a charger. It is reportedly designed for small paces with no room where you can put a speaker, plug it in and it will stay on the wall.
Additionally, the speaker has a USB port on the bottom, which can be used to charge your phone (7.5W output).
Amazon came up with an Alexa equipped smart oven to make your kitchen smart. The oven will cost $249 and will be equipped with convection cooking and an air fryer. The most noteworthy feature is that users can also scan packaged food items from the Alexa app. This will trigger the oven to start cooking.
The company also promised the buyers an Echo Dot with every purchase of Amazon smart oven.
The new Wi-Fi router Eero is updated with new technology and reportedly give users whole-home WiFi coverage. The single device will cost $99 and the 3 pack one will cost $249.99. They will be available for preorder from September 26.
Amazon has also announced its new wireless technology called Sidewalk. This will have a 900mHz wireless band to let users control their home devices at a longer range than Wi-Fi or Bluetooth allows.
What's more
Amazon also announced a new device called Fetch that will attach to a dog's collar, allowing the owner to track it. Along with these, the company unveiled a "doorbell concierge", which adds the voice assistant to Ring smart doorbells, making it more convenient while answering the door. Amazon has a new trick up on their sleeves as they introduced an Alexa feature that uses AI to mimic celebrity voices and this will be available from later this year.
The company also announced two more Alexa Hunches updates. One of them will allow Alexa to remind users if a battery needs to be replaced or if printer cartridges are running low on ink. The other one brings Hunches to Alexa routines, so that it suggests alarms, weather alerts and other information based on its user's habits.
Via: GSMarena Amazon Amazon Echo News
$33.8 million stolen from Crypto.com over security breach on Monday
God of War is running on Steam Deck and other verified titles
S.Korea aims to become the world's 5th-biggest metaverse market by 2026


text:
No matter the challenges we've faced this year, now it's time to celebrate.
Mark your calendars for the 2021 Florida Herbal Conference, February 25-27. It's the tenth anniversary of the Sunshine State's herbal gathering – and we want to celebrate the plants and this special community with YOU!
Guido Mase's 2017 Keynote, "Herbalists as Cultural Stewards," is now available to view in its entirety.
"As herbalists, we often work one-on-one with plants and people. Many of us also play important roles in our communities, helping to link our friends and families back to soil, field, and forest. We share common principles of honor and respect for living systems, strength through diversity, and a focus on support over control. While these principles are important in the clinic, they are even more important in the broader cultural context. It is time for us to step into our role as cultural stewards, helping to provide meaning and restore context in a world where fear, isolation, and control often dominate. Thinking like plants, we can help guide our culture into a new turn of the spiral, and heal more than just people."
Guido Masé RH(AHG) is a clinical herbalist, herbal educator, and garden steward specializing in holistic Western herbalism, though his approach is eclectic and draws upon many influences. He spent his childhood in Italy, in the central Alps and in a Renaissance town called Ferrara. After traveling the United States, he settled into Vermont where he has been living since 1996. He is a founder, faculty member and clinical supervisor at the Vermont Center for Integrative Herbalism, a 501(c)(3) non-profit herbal medicine clinic and school that provides comprehensive services focused on whole plants and whole foods. He serves as chief herbalist for the Urban Moonshine, where he works on research, development and quality control for an all-organic whole-plant tincture line and offers education in herbal medicine. He is a founding member of the Burlington Herb Clinic where he works in clinical practice. He participates in herbal education at the University of Vermont, and is the author of The Wild Medicine Solution: Healing with Aromatic, Bitter and Tonic Plants (Healing Arts Press, 2013) and DIY Bitters (Fair Winds Press, 2016). He is currently developing the integrative herbal medicine department at Wasso District Hospital in Loliondo, Tanzania. Guido's teaching style focuses on conveying the interconnections within the human organism and between the organism and its surrounding ecology. Relying on clinical experience, storytelling, and scientific research, he believes that true strength flows from nature, and that herbal medicine is key to sustainable, successful living.
Colonization and Decolonization: A Manual for Indigenous Liberation for the 21st Century (pdf download)
An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz
"All the Real Indians Died Off" and 20 Other Myths About Native Americans by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz and Dina Gilio-Whitaker
Undoing Border Colonialism by Harsha Walia
Decolonize your Diet
Wasáse by Taiaike Alfred
This is What Justice Looks Like by Waziyatawin
For Indigenous Eyes Only: A Decolonization Handbook by Waziyatawin and Michael Yellowbird
Alliances: Re/Envisioning Indigenous-non-Indigenous Relationships edited by Lynne Davis
"Heteropatriarchy and the three pillars of white supremacy" Andrea Smith
"Colonialism on the Ground" by Waziyatawin
"Understanding Colonizer Status" by Waziyatawin
"Un-Settling Settler Desires" by Scott Morgensen
"Moving Beyond a Politics of Solidarity Towards a Practice of Decolonization" by Harsha Walia
"Decolonizing Anti-Racism" by Lawrence and Dua
Appreciation or Appropriation
"A Transformative Framework for Decolonizing Canada: A Non-Indigenous Approach" by Paulette Regan
"Decolonization is not a Metaphor" by Eve Tuck and K.Wayne Yang
"Towards Decolonization and Settler Responsibility" by Liza Minno Bloom and Berkley Carnine
How do we make it through the next month or two without being sad, listless, and lethargic? Thankfully, there are a few plants that might improve energy levels while keeping depression at bay. Best of all, these plants can be found all across the U.S. and have been widely used by various tribes for millennia. Remember, before you try any of these remedies, make sure to follow the guidelines of a trained ethnobotanist or herbalist who can help you decide on the best dose for you. Linda Black Elk shares seven of her favorite remedies for the winter blues at this article.
Don't miss seeing Linda in Florida this February for more of her wisdom! Register today to reserve your spot.
Please enjoy this beautiful video from the film End of the Line: The Women of Standing Rock featuring Linda Black Elk, one of our 2018 Florida Herbal Conference keynote speakers.
Register early to reserve your seat to join Linda, her husband Luke, and a few hundred of your closest herb friends at this February's Florida Herbal Conference. Register today!


text:
»Other Social Protection Study
Hungary : Long-term Poverty, Social Protection, and the Labor Market, Volume 2. Technical Papers
English PDF11.51MB
This report documents the emergence of a group of long-term poor in Hungary. While growth will continue to be necessary to create well-paying jobs that would enable people to escape poverty, the long term poor are not likely to benefit from growth since they are detached from the labor market, socially excluded, and in many cases, facing discrimination which keeps them from reintegrating into the labor market. The long-term poor in Hungary are comprised of several distinct social groups: the homeless, rural population particularly those living in micro-communities, unemployed or withdrawn from the labor market, households with more than three children, single parent families, single elderly females, and the Roma. A third of the long-term poor are of Roma ethnicity, even though this group is only approximately 5 percent of the Hungarian population. The analysis of the labor market confirms the connection between long-term unemployment and long-term poverty. One of the messages of this report is that the Roma need good-paying jobs first and foremost. Many Roma villages are characterized by a cycle of dependency on state transfers. Reinsertion programs are needed to break this cycle. In the medium term, emphasis on providing high-quality general education to the Roma is needed. These challenges for Hungary are complicated by decentralization, which may lead to unequal treatment of the poor, with less financing available where social programs are most needed.
"World Bank. 2001. Hungary : Long-term Poverty, Social Protection, and the Labor Market, Volume 2. Technical Papers. Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/15525 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO."
Political Prioritization of Early Childhood Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Comparative Policy Analysis of Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Neuman, Michelle J.; Powers, Shawn (2021-12)
Despite strong evidence of its importance to the welfare of children and societies, early childhood education has been comparatively neglected as a policy priority both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper seeks to understand what factors have contributed to the lack of priority for early childhood education in distance learning and school reopening plans, by applying a political prioritization framework to the pandemic context in four low- and middle-income countries: Ethiopia, Jamaica, Liberia, and Pakistan. Some aspects of the pre-COVID-19 status quo, which disfavored early childhood education, have continued, including a lack of cohesive support from civil society and a greater focus by international partners on norm promotion and technical assistance than financing. In other respects, the pandemic put early childhood education at an even greater disadvantage. ...
Despite strong evidence of its importance to the welfare of children and societies, early childhood education has been comparatively neglected as a policy priority both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper seeks to understand what factors have contributed to the lack of priority for early childhood education in distance learning and school reopening plans, by applying a political prioritization framework to the pandemic context ...
Despite strong evidence of its importance to the welfare of children and societies, early childhood education has been comparatively neglected as a policy priority both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper seeks to understand what factors have contributed to the lack of priority for early childhood education in distance ...
Climate Anomalies and International Migration : A Disaggregated Analysis for West Africa
Martínez Flores, Fernanda; Milusheva, Sveta; Reichert, Arndt R. (2021-05)
Migration is one of the channels West African populations can use to adjust to the negative impacts of climate change. Using novel geo-referenced and high- frequency data, this study investigates the extent to which soil moisture anomalies drive international migration decisions within the region and toward Europe. The findings show that drier soil conditions decrease (rather than increase) the probability to migrate. A standard deviation decrease in soil moisture leads to a 2 percentage point drop in the probability to migrate, equivalent to a 25 percent decrease in the number of migrants. This effect is concentrated during the crop-growing season and likely driven by financial constraints. The effect is only seen for areas that are in the middle of the income distribution, with no impact on the poorest or richest areas of a country, suggesting that the former were constrained to start and ...
Migration is one of the channels West African populations can use to adjust to the negative impacts of climate change. Using novel geo-referenced and high- frequency data, this study investigates the extent to which soil moisture anomalies drive international migration decisions within the region and toward Europe. The findings show that drier soil conditions decrease (rather than increase) the probability to migrate. A standard deviation ...
Migration is one of the channels West African populations can use to adjust to the negative impacts of climate change. Using novel geo-referenced and high- frequency data, this study investigates the extent to which soil moisture anomalies drive international migration decisions within the region and toward Europe. The findings show ...
Hungary : Long-term Poverty, Social Protection, and the Labor Market, Volume 1. Main Report
World Bank (2001-04)
This report documents the emergence of a group of long-term poor in Hungary. While growth will continue to be necessary to create well-paying jobs that would enable people to escape poverty, the long term poor are not likely to benefit from growth since they are detached from the labor market, socially excluded, and in many cases, facing discrimination which keeps them from reintegrating into the labor market. The long-term poor in Hungary are comprised of several distinct social groups: the homeless, rural population particularly those living in micro-communities, unemployed or withdrawn from the labor market, households with more than three children, single parent families, single elderly females, and the Roma. A third of the long-term poor are of Roma ethnicity, even though this group is only approximately 5 percent of the Hungarian population. The analysis of the labor market ...
This report documents the emergence of a group of long-term poor in Hungary. While growth will continue to be necessary to create well-paying jobs that would enable people to escape poverty, the long term poor are not likely to benefit from growth since they are detached from the labor market, socially excluded, and in many cases, facing discrimination which keeps them from reintegrating into the labor market. The long-term poor in Hungary are ...
This report documents the emergence of a group of long-term poor in Hungary. While growth will continue to be necessary to create well-paying jobs that would enable people to escape poverty, the long term poor are not likely to benefit from growth since they are detached from the labor market, socially excluded, and in many cases, ...
Hungary : Measuring Inclusive Growth for Enhanced Development Impact
World Bank (2016)
The objective of this paper is to develop a way to monitor and track progress on social inclusion of vulnerable groups in Hungary, particularly among marginalized Roma communities. This approach will enable stakeholders to track the status of social inclusion at the sub regional level, and can serve as a feedback mechanism on whether projects cosponsored by the European structural and investment funds (ESIF) are sufficiently targeted to disadvantaged areas. The paper builds on various Hungarian attempts to draft indicator sets to find and subsequently gear European Union (EU) - funded projects toward areas with the poorest social inclusion outcomes. This report takes stock of different exercises undertaken with Hungarian data to map, target, track, and monitor some aspects of social exclusion at different levels of disaggregation. The authors present four such attempts to: (i) map ...
The objective of this paper is to develop a way to monitor and track progress on social inclusion of vulnerable groups in Hungary, particularly among marginalized Roma communities. This approach will enable stakeholders to track the status of social inclusion at the sub regional level, and can serve as a feedback mechanism on whether projects cosponsored by the European structural and investment funds (ESIF) are sufficiently targeted to disad ...
The objective of this paper is to develop a way to monitor and track progress on social inclusion of vulnerable groups in Hungary, particularly among marginalized Roma communities. This approach will enable stakeholders to track the status of social inclusion at the sub regional level, and can serve as a feedback mechanism on whether ...
Reducing Undeclared Employment in Hungary : Synthesis Report of The World Bank Study
Undeclared work and incomes are a serious concern for the Government of Hungary, primarily because of the negative consequences for the country's already difficult fiscal situation. The Government has already introduced a number of reforms intended to reduce undeclared economic activity. Much of the effort to this point has focused on strengthening the "stick" through enforcement and sanctions. A successful strategy to combat the undeclared economy also requires more effective "carrots" that improve the incentives to operate in the formal sector. The most important measures will involve reforms to lighten the tax burden, especially on labor. Public information and education is the final element in a strategy to move Hungary to the "tipping point" in the struggle against the undeclared economy.
Undeclared work and incomes are a serious concern for the Government of Hungary, primarily because of the negative consequences for the country's already difficult fiscal situation. The Government has already introduced a number of reforms intended to reduce undeclared economic activity. Much of the effort to this point has focused on strengthening the "stick" through enforcement and sanctions. A successful strategy to combat the undeclared ...
Undeclared work and incomes are a serious concern for the Government of Hungary, primarily because of the negative consequences for the country's already difficult fiscal situation. The Government has already introduced a number of reforms intended to reduce undeclared economic activity. Much of the effort to this point has focused ...


In day-to-day life, handicapped parking spaces are the most common reminder of the effect the ADA has had. But do you know how many you need for your size business? Or how wide they should be?
Every business with a public lot needs to have a few accessible spaces, based on how big the lot is. If you have 25 or fewer spaces, at least one should be accessible; two spaces are required for 50 or fewer spaces. If you have a large lot, at least one of every eight accessible spaces must be also be van accessible.
The spaces should be the closest to the entrance, with an additional space on either side for an access aisle. You'll also need a sign with the international symbol of accessibility, located in front of the parking space mounted high enough so it won't be blocked by a vehicle.
Van-accessible spaces must have an access aisle at least 8 feet wide and designated with a "van accessible" sign. You'll need to make sure the vertical clearance is at least 98 inches around the space.
Even one step at the entrance can make your business a mountain of difficulty for someone using a cane or in a wheelchair. At least one entrance to your facility needs to be accessible, and you'll need signs directing people there. ADA Compliance Team are experts in making businesses and properties ADA compliant and we are here to assist you whether you are seeking compliance or are currently being sued.
Your doorways should be 36 inches wide. Even with older, narrower doors, this clearance can sometimes be obtained by using special "swing clear" hinges or by enlarging door openings. And be aware that certain types of door handles can pose a challenge: stay away from panel-type handles that require the user to grip tightly, round door knobs, handles with a thumb latch, or turnstile entrances. Stick instead with loop-type handles, lever handles or open gates.
Making sure your disabled customers can move about your business is just as important as making sure they can get inside it. The standard for aisle space is 36-inches wide, with slightly larger space at the corners. If a 180-degree turn is needed to exit an area, a 60-inch wide turning space or 36-inch wide T-turn. If it is too difficult to meet the aisle requirements, make alternative access available, such as having staff able to retrieve items from a shelf. Items can be placed at any height so long as a staff member is available to assist customers.
For checkout counters, a section of counter at least 36 inches long and 36 inches wide will provide access to people in wheelchairs. If this isn't possible, you can provide an auxiliary counter nearby, use a folding shelf or provide a clipboard or lapboard for use at checkout. Checkout aisles, such as the ones grocery stores use, have different standards. A checkout aisle should be at least 36 inches wide and identified with the international symbol of accessibility. The adjacent checkout counter should be no more than 38 inches tall. Like parking, the number of aisles needed depends on the size of your store. If four or fewer aisles are provided, at least one should be accessible. If between eight and five are provided, two are needed.
Got counter service? That counter shouldn't be more than 34 inches off the floor. Self-service restaurants need enough maneuvering space for a person in a wheelchair, with a minimum aisle of 36 inches wide. And for seating: if tables are fixed to the wall or floor, at least 5 percent need to be accessible by the use of movable chairs and a table no taller than 28 inches off the floor.
Many of these things can seem overwhelming. The easiest way to make sure your in compliance and safe from all lawsuits and penalties is to contanct a professional. ADA Compliance Team is always available to converse about any compliance situation you currently find yourself in.


Between 1914 and the present day the political makeup of the Balkans has relentlessly changed, following unpredictable shifts of international and internal borders. Between and across these borders various political communities were formed, co-existed and (dis)integrated. By analysing one hundred years of modern citizenship in Yugoslavia and post-Yugoslav states, Igor Š tiks shows that the concept and practice of citizenship is necessary to understand how political communities are made, un-made and re-made. He argues that modern citizenship is a tool that can be used for different and opposing goals, from integration and re-unification to fragmentation and ethnic engineering. The study of citizenship in the 'laboratory' of the Balkands offers not only an original angle to narrate an alternative political history, but also an insight into the fine mechanics and repeating glitches of modern politics, applicable to multinational states in the European Union and beyond.
Wenn man in der Vergangenheit unterschiedliche soziale Schichten, religiöse Glaubensgemeinschaften, Ethnien oder Nationen in einer politischen Bewegung oder in einem Staat vereinen wollte, appellierte man an deren vermeintliche »Brüderlichkeit«. Man berief sich auf übergeordnete Gemeinsamkeiten und rief verschiedene Traditionen auf den Plan: vom frühen Christentum zum Kommunismus, von geheimen Vereinigungen zu proletarischen Bünden und Partisanenverbänden, von Blutsbruderschaft (pobratimstvo) zu multinationalen Staaten (Sowjetunion, Tschechoslowakei, Jugoslawien), vom Panslawismus in allen seien Ausprägungen zu Titos »drittem Weg«. In Rhetorik und medialer Inszenierung reichte die Spannbreite von der Verpflichtung auf metaphorische Bruderliebe bis zur buchstäblichen Vereinnahmung durch Gemeinschaften, die als erpresserischer Familienclan auftraten und ihre politischen Ziele durch Biopolitik und Rassismus umsetzten. Die Beiträge zeichnen die Möglichkeiten der Integration und der Identitätsfindung nach, die den einzelnen Religionsgemeinschaften, Ethnien oder Nationen angeboten wurden. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf dem medialen Aufbau einheitsstiftender Symbole und Narrative. Obwohl die Tschechoslowakei und Jugoslawien im Vordergrund stehen, werden auch Querverbindungen zur Sowjetunion bzw. zum postkommunistischem Russland sowie zu anderen Ländern und Nationen, die als Brüder vereinnahmt wurden, hergestellt.
This book is the first comprehensive examination of the citizenship regimes of the new states that emerged out of the break up of Yugoslavia. It covers both the states that emerged out of the initial disintegration across 1991 and 1992 (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Macedonia), as well as those that have been formed recently through subsequent partitions (Serbia, Montenegro and Kosovo). While citizenship has often been used as a tool of ethnic engineering to reinforce the position of the titular majority in many states, in other cases citizenship laws and practices have been liberalised as part of a wider political settlement intended to include minority communities more effectively in the political process. Meanwhile, frequent (re)definitions of these increasingly overlapping regimes still provoke conflicts among post-Yugoslav states. This volume shows how important it is for the field of citizenship studies to take into account the main changes in and varieties of citizenship regimes in the post-Yugoslav states, as a particular case of new state citizenship. At the same time, it seeks to show scholars of (post) Yugoslavia and the wider Balkans that the Yugoslav crisis, disintegration and wars as well as the current functioning of the new and old Balkan states, together with the process of their integration into the EU, cannot be fully understood without a deeper understanding of their citizenship regimes. This book was originally published as a special issue of Citizenship Studies.
Charting the path from intervention to integration Europe and the Post-Yugoslav Space examines the role of Europeanization on the development of the countries of the former Yugoslavia. Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo may have a shared history but their experiences, views and attitudes to European integration vary dramatically. Opinion within each state is often equally as keenly divided as to the benefits of active membership. The debate within each country and their comparative differences in approach provide fascinating case studies on the importance and relevance of the EU and the effectiveness of Europeanization. A wide range of contributors with significant experience gained within the EU as well as their country of origin use their expert understanding of the language and cultures of the countries concerned to provide detailed and rich insights into the troubled history and potential of the post-Yugoslav space.
What happens to the citizen when states and nations come into being? How do the different ways in which states and nations exist define relations between individuals, groups, and the government? Are all citizens equal in their rights and duties in the newly established polity? Addressing these key questions in the contested and ethnically heterogeneous post-Yugoslav states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Montenegro, this book reinterprets the place of citizenship in the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the creation of new states in the Western Balkans. Carefully analysing the interplay between competing ethnic identities and state-building projects, the author proposes a new analytical framework for studying continuities and discontinuities of citizenship in post-partition, post-conflict states. The book maintains that citizenship regimes in challenged states are shaped not only by the immediate political contexts that generated them, but also by their historical trajectories, societal environments in which they exist, as well as the transformative powers of international and European factors.
In this gripping, war-torn epic novel, author Igor Štiks, a nominee for the IMPAC Dublin Award, tells the story of a celebrated writer who travels to Sarajevo to unearth devastating family secrets and the lies that have defined his life. Author Richard Richter's mother and father were always phantoms, both parents having died by the time he was four. His life, now at a crossroads, has been a jumble of invention, elusive memories, and handed-down stories. But when Richard finds his mother's hidden notebook, written by her during World War II, he discovers a confession that was never meant to be read by anyone—least of all, her son. ,p>Richard's quest for the truth about his life leads him to an embattled Sarajevo. In the chaos of the besieged city, he discovers something more: a transformative romance and unexpected new friendships that will change the course of his search. But fate has been playing with all of them. And just as fate determines the lives of the characters in his novel, a betrayal reaching back half a century has yet to loosen its grip—on Richard, on everyone he has come to love, and on those he has no choice but to try to forgive.
Nationalism and ethnicity have become, across time and space, a force in the construction of boundaries. This book analyses geographical and physical borders and symbolic, political and socio-economic boundaries, and how they impact upon nationalism and ethnic identity. Geographic and other tangible borders are critical components in the making and unmaking of boundaries. However, symbolic or intangible boundaries along national, ethnic, political or socio-economic criteria are equally significant. Organised into three sections on theory, national and transnational case studies, this book both introduces existing approaches to the study of boundaries and illustrates how it is possible to apply renewed boundary approaches to better understand nationalism and ethnicity in contemporary contexts. Expert contributors in the field present detailed case studies on the UK, Israel, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan, and draw upon further examples from more than a dozen countries to provide a critical evaluation of the use of borders, boundaries and boundary-making in the study of nationalism and ethnicity. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of International Politics, Nationalism, Racial and Ethnic Politics, Ethnic Identity and Sociology.
An investigation of recent developments and trends within the Yugoslav successor states since the signing of the Dayton Agreements in Autumn 1995. This book offers a distinctive and desirable perspective on the seven successor states, their cultures, politics and identities by providing an internal perspective on the region and its developments.
Roudometof analyzes rival national claims over Macedonia. He examines the symbolic struggle among Greeks, Bulgarians, and Macedonians, as well as the struggle of Albanians for self-determination in Kosovo and western Macedonia, and he deconstructs the national narratives of competing sides and provides an alternative interpretation of Macedonian nation formation.
This book, first published in 2000, explores how different states negotiate the competing claims of ethnic groups.


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