text:
"the Son of man is Lord"
Electricvity A Present from God?
Some foreign (non-Japanese) viewers might wonder how they could select and access reasonable or informative Japanese Web sites, Homepages, and blogs if they have some translation capability of a human or machine.
My suggestion is to use the following real-time site-listing page:
http://a.hatena.ne.jp/branch/simple
The site lists updating status of various selected Japanese sites, including governmental offices, news agencies, other social bodies in addition to blogs and sites set up by influential politicians (Foreign Minister Mr. Katsuya Okada, Health, Labour and Welfare Minister Mr. Akira Nagatsuma, Foreign-Affairs Committee Chairman of Lower House Mr. Muneo Suzuki, Lower House Member Mr. Kenji Eda, Upper House members Mr. Ichita Yamamoto and Mr. Hiroshige Seko of the LDP, ex-lawmaker/minister Mr. Katsuhiko Shirakawa, etc.), critics, academic researchers, journalists, lawyers, professors, notable bloggers, unidentified online writers...
[For your assurance, EEE Reporter is included there for unknown reasons, since {nominal} Christians account for only 1 percent of the Japanese population. It also indicates an effective English level of the Japanese elite.]
Finally, other foreign (non-Japanese) viewers might wonder how they could select and access the Imperial Household Agency, since Japan is the only nation where an adjective "imperial" is a substantial word.
http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/eindex.html
(December is also the month for the birthday of His Majesty the Emperor.)
SECTION I: The Word to Light
SECTION II: From Mass to Light based on EEE-Annihilation Diagram
When an electron collides with a positron (a plus charged electron), both the particles disappear and light (a gamma ray) is generated.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilation
My point of view is that the size of an electron is determined by the wave length of the light on this collision.
And, the diagram below tells why a pair of an electron and a positron can turn to light but a pair of an electron and an electron cannot.
It is so, since a positive charge has a plus half (0 to 180 degrees) of a sine wave and a negative charge has a minus half (180 to 360 degrees) of a sine wave to form one complete (0 to 360 degrees) wave length for complete light newly generated.
If an electron has no negative charge and a positron has no positive charge, the two particles will still be pulled to each other due to gravity.
Each gravitation wave must have one quarter (90 degrees) of a wave length, so that their phases match to form a "half" wave length of the fundamental space energy.
For the question on the size of an electron:
The gamma ray or the light generated after the annihilation has energy equivalent to 511eKV per particle; thus using a well known equation, E = hC/λ = 12.40/λ (angstrom), the wave length λ of the light generated is calculated as 0.0121 angstrom = 1.21/1000,000,000,000 = 1.21E-12 meters.
From the above EEE-Annihilation Diagram, the diameter of an electron must be around this wavelength. So, the conclusion is that the size of an electron (positron) has an order around minus 12th power of 10 with the unit of meter.
One authentic, scientific article supports this conclusion, since it claims that an electron should be regarded as an permanent current with a size of 1E-12 meters.
http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110004854944/en
Finally, effectiveness of the EEE-Annihilation Diagram is here demonstrated.
So, what is a lesson to be learnt?
Prevention of the global warming depends of a decrease in use of crude oil, coal, and natural gas mostly in generating electricity, if it is mainly ascribed to a CO2 concentration level or an amount of energy released from those fuels.
But, electricity is a controlled flow of an unmeasurable number of electrons.
Yet, our civilization does not mind how large an electron is, since mankind finds no practical value and significance in the size of an electron.
So, praising the God who created the universe and the electron, I presented one idea about the size of an electron: 1.21E-12 meters.
(If the diameter of an electron is expanded to the one of a baseball, the ball would be proportionally expanded to have a diameter 150 times larger than the distance between the earth and the moon or almost half of the distance between the earth and the sun.)
(http://www.fukuchan.ac/music/xmas/kissmama.html )
Mat 12:5 Or have ye not read in the law, how that on the sabbath days the priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and are blameless?
Mat 12:6 But I say unto you, That in this place is one greater than the temple.
Mat 12:7 But if ye had known what this meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless.
Mat 12:8 For the Son of man is Lord even of the sabbath day.
Posted by EEreporter at 12/05/2009 09:58:00 AM Links to this post
"Then said Jesus, Let her alone"
Communications, Computing, and Chattering at a Corner of the Universe
The God said this morning to me, "Be generous!"
I then saw a young woman wheeling a handcart with literally barrowful big packages on the side-way of a busy national road and then up on a concrete ramp between commercial buildings, since she wore a uniform of a certain carrying company.
As she was so busy trotting along, pushing the business trolley up and away on the paved lane, I was just seeing her passing by the side of some corporate workers smoking outside the building under a blue sky of the early winter around Tokyo.
You might simply think if she was rich, she would not dare to take up such a job, running on the street pushing a handcart for some salary.
Yet, I think it could be a holy duty for any rich young woman to train herself by doing the same job as the female worker of a transportation company does to please the God.
This is my thought in a morning of the month of Christmas.
SECTION I: BROADCASTING INDUSTRY
U.S. cable TV company Comcast has acquired NBC/Universal.
Network............Sales...........Operating Profits
NBC/Universal....$11,168 billion...$1.662 billion
CBS..... ..... .....$9,516 billion.... ..$799 million
ABC...... ..... ...$5,654 billion.... ..$505 million
Network............Sales Change....Operating Profit Change
NBC/Universal.... -11%..............-27%
CBS..... ..... .... -9%............ .....-52%
ABC...... ..... ... -3%.............. ...-40%
Mr. Michael Moore yesterday on a Japan's NHK TV program said that he has been attacked by the mainstream media, though he simply loves good and old days around Detroit or so.
Indeed there are still 100 million Americans enjoying their life sharing the paradigm on the world with the three major networks.
But, apparently, 100 million Americans seem to become alienated individuals in the society constructed and aimed to provide a very comfortable environment to the rich and the winners.
Their gap seems to be further widened in an accelerated manner.
So, the three major networks must be oriented to a mission to unite the people. But, if motivated economically and financially alone, they will probably fail.
On the other hand, or from a political point of view, American Judaists highly involved in the broadcasting/film industries might not take the situation seriously, since they are not responsible for a plight poor American Christians face while watching TV.
SECTION II: NATURE NOT BY CHANCE
If there is no God, the nature must be more at random.
People would not even see a God in the nature without mentioning any laws of physics and mathematics.
In the Godless universe, a chance that mankind can utilize the nature by discovering various laws and orders is very nil, since a human body itself might not be built so well.
In physics, fundamental interactions (sometimes called fundamental forces) are the ways that the simplest particles in the universe interact with one other. An interaction is fundamental when it cannot be described in terms of other interactions.
The four known fundamental interactions are electromagnetism, strong interaction, weak interaction (also known as "strong" and "weak nuclear force") and gravitation. With the possible exception of gravity, these interactions are mediated by the exchange of gauge bosons between particles.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction
However, as the Graviton (a source of gravity) and the Higgs boson (a source of mass) are yet to be discovered, I think the current paradigm in Physics on the universe is wrong.
The following is my paradigm (EEE-Material Paradigm):
1. Universe
A. Space (the primary state of energy)
B. Time (the primary state of energy)
2. Interactive Energy (the secondary state of energy)
A. Gravity
B. Light
C. Others (weak and strong elementary interactive force)
D. Dark Energy (?)
3. Matter (the 3rd state of energy)
Any entity to exist in the 3D space with a time axis needs mass to fix it as matter in the universe.
.... ...... .... ...Gravity.....Electromangetism....Strong.....Weak
NEUTRINO... ..1.... ... ... .0... ...... ........ .... .. ...0.. ........1
ELECTRON... ..1..... .. ... .1... ....... ....... .... ... ..0... .......0
QUARKS... ... .. .1.... .. .... .1... ...... .... ...... . ... ...1.... ......1
(Note: A core of an atom is made of some neutron(s) and proton(s) which consist of quarks.)
From the above table, you can easily see that the dark matter must be:
.... .... ... .... .. ...Gravity.....Electromangetism....S.....W
DARK MATTER....1..........0... .. ...... ....... .... ...0.......0
Yet, there might be one without mass but with a size, thus regarded as a kind of matter or the 4th or last state of energy.
... ... ... .....Gravity.....Electromangetism....S....W...Size
DARK SIZE....0..........0.... ....... ...... ..... ...0... ..0.... .1
Trillions of trillions years later, the whole universe might turn to only dark sizes after consuming all the energy and matter.
Now, be aware of the God here and there, on a page of the Bible, on a stone, on a leaf, or on a computer display!
It was an IBM general purpose computer, called a mainframe, that I first used a keyboard attached to a CRT monitor display functioning as terminal equipment of a computer.
Then, I mainly used a keyboard/display terminal connected to a middle-sized computer called mini-computer in a certain software development plant.
Then, I mostly used a keyboard of a personal computer set up as a terminal of a mini-computer network system or a commercial PC communications system using a dial-up modem.
Subsequently, I have been using a PC connected to the Internet via servers of providers.
But, the more I use a keyboard, the less I write handwritten reports, letters, and various types of memos and documents.
In future, through a more convenient method a networked mobile-device user will be able to put in character codes into the screen of the device.
Yet, I hope that such a device will be equipped with a tablet screen on which a user can write characters and letters, even of a very small size, directly by the hand using a special pencil without pushing keys.
Indeed, there was an era when only selected people were allowed to manipulate a computer.
Indeed, Bill, it was in 1969 that Apollo 11 reached the moon without aids of a PC and a cellular phone as well as Windows Operating System...
Joh 12:3 Then took Mary a pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair: and the house was filled with the odour of the ointment.
Joh 12:4 Then saith one of his disciples, Judas Iscariot, Simon's son, which should betray him,
Joh 12:5 Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred pence, and given to the poor?
Joh 12:6 This he said, not that he cared for the poor; but because he was a thief, and had the bag, and bare what was put therein.
Joh 12:7 Then said Jesus, Let her alone: against the day of my burying hath she kept this.
"Be not afraid of them that kill the body, and"
(Yokohama over Tokyo spotted, since Captain Tokyo aims 50 Km far)
ELECTRICITY FOREVER?
Of course, I once learnt some about basics and applications of electronics in school and on the job while learning computer science and production engineering without abandoning my quest on industrial pollutions and environmental hazards, decades ago...though Christian priests in churches simply thought I was more foolish than they, self-deceived Bible readers and unforgivable players before a holy cross, since I came to their churches like a foolish soul.
There are some people in this world who are worse than those who insult poor people in person or in public only because poor people have poor goods.
Anyway, the Vatican will not forget that a big earthquake hit a city near Rome recently without a holy reason conceived by them (yet there seem to be some foolish priests who do not understand that the Gospels were originally compiled by seniors of the Vatican founders)...
SECTION I: Numbers, Data, and Information
Let's check the state of the U.S. auto market in November:
Company......Sales Volume....Year-on-Year Up/Down %
GM..............150,305........-1.5
Toyota........133,700........+2.6
Ford............118,215........-0.1
Honda..........74,003........-2.9
Chrysler.......63,569........-25.5
Nissan.........56,288........+20.8
Mitsubishi......2.925.......-42.6
Though the yearly sales of cars in America are expected to be over 10 million in 2009, China has now the largest car market in the world.
In the past five years, car production in China has more than doubled while it has decreased by 50% in America.
In 2008, Japan was No.1 in terms of the number of cars manufactured; China No.2; and America No.3.
Yet, in 2009, China might become No.1.
But, remember a car has been called Devil's wheels by some even in America.
SECTION II: Electrons
Every car today is equipped with various types of electronics.
Without electricity, no economics theories today can maintain their proud grounds.
So, I recommend students and professors to study hard electronics, though electricity is nothing but a kind of flow of, usually, more than trillions of electrons over atoms and molecules.
Now, this most basic entity called electron has still many mysteries.
Mankind does not know yet its size, including as to whether the concept of a size is effective for an electron.
James Maxwell (1831-1879), Thomas Edison (1847-1931), and Albert Einstein (1879-1955) all could not measure it. Even today no scientists and engineers know it.
(For an image of an electron in an atom, http://www.geocities.jp/hiroyuki0620785/k0dennsikotai/1elctron.htm )
However, as the size of a space an electron needs to turn to a black hall is 1E-57 (1/1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) meters, it might be close to the size of an electron, since it can be calculated from a mass of an electron.
Yet, according to a superstring theory, 1E-35 (1/100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) meters looks reasonable as an electron is an elemental particle.
However, some people are really arguing this issue.
(http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=141401 )
In summary, in the minimal stage of material, the concept of a size is different from what we think of, since it might be no more three-dimensional.
What I want to stress is that an electron has both the energy of mass and the electromagnetism.
Oh, Ah, now in an NHK TV channel, Mr. Michael Moore is being interviewed by notable TV journalist Ms. Hiroko Kuniya in a Tokyo studio.
It may be a miracle of today in Japan...
(Without Xmas, the winter must be just a gloomy season for some northern Europeans, originally.
http://my.homewithgod.com/heavenlymidis/Christmas/feliz.html )
Luk 12:2 For there is nothing covered, that shall not be revealed; neither hid, that shall not be known.
Luk 12:3 Therefore whatsoever ye have spoken in darkness shall be heard in the light; and that which ye have spoken in the ear in closets shall be proclaimed upon the housetops.
Luk 12:4 And I say unto you my friends, Be not afraid of them that kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do.
"what buildings are here!"
(Japan, heading for or from Tokyo)
Number, Number, Holy Numbers if Restricted
SECTION I: AFGHANISTAN
President Mr. Barack Obama said in his address on the Afghanistan strategy today, "Our new approach in Afghanistan is likely to cost us roughly $30 billion for the military this year."
The land area of Afghanistan is 652,225 km².
The land area of California is 403,932 km².
The land area of Japan is 377,914 km².
The population of Afghanistan is 28,150,000.
The population of California is 35,484,453.
The population of Japan is 127,288,419.
The land of Afghanistan is a little smaller than Japan and California combined.
The population of Afghanistan is 100 million smaller than Japan's or 7 million less than California's.
Yet, you can build 1,000 new big buildings in Afghanistan with $30 billion, if one big modern building needs $30 million for construction.
Then, we can see another Dubai with 1,000 modern buildings in Kabul.
No young Muslims join the Taliban movement or AlQaeda if they can find jobs in Kabul where more buildings than in Dubai are going to be built with massive workforces.
SECTION II: GRAVITY & LIGHT
One of the greatest mysteries in the universe is that light has a finite speed: 2.99792458 X 100,000 kilo-meters/sec.
An energy level light has depends on its frequency of its magnetic field and electric field.
Logically, an infinite volume of mass can be assumed; an infinite number of a frequency of light can be assumed.
But, as a matter of fact, no infinite speed of light is allowed, since it is about 300,000 Km per second.
In addition, an infinite length of time can be assumed logically.
(Only a material with a mass of "0" can move at the light speed. Only light is, unconditionally, such a material so far as mankind knows.)
Logically, almost an infinite scale of money can be generated through high-speed computer-based transactions.
Yet, everything in the nature on the earth is almost finite.
Yet, everything about a man is almost finite.
The God sometimes shows His power by setting restrictions on anything than can be logically increased to the infinite scale.
Yet, as I once wrote, the infinite for man is another form of "0" in a sphere near Heaven: the unreachable bottom line.
Mar 13:1 And as he went out of the temple, one of his disciples saith unto him, Master, see what manner of stones and what buildings are here!
Mar 13:2 And Jesus answering said unto him, what buildings are here! there shall not be left one stone upon another, that shall not be thrown down.
"the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy"
(Around Tokyo, a little old pictures)
SECTION I: HISTORY OF ENERGY
Fundamentals of economy are of course energy and technology, since capital, labor forces, consumers, and regulators cannot easily discover, develop, and commercialize energy and technology without expertise in this field.
History of Energy in the United States: 1635-2000
The most striking of these entrances, however, is that of petroleum and natural gas. The curves depicting their consumption remain shallow for several decades following the success of Edwin Drake's drilling rig in 1859, but begin to rise more steeply in the 1920s. Then, interrupted only by the Depression, the curves climb at increasingly alpine angles until 1973. Annual consumption of petroleum and natural gas exceeded that of coal in 1947 and then quadrupled in a single generation. Neither before nor since has any source of energy become so dominant so quickly.
Figure 1. Energy Consumption by Source, 1635-2000
(Quadrillion Btu)
(Click to magnify.)
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/eh/frame.html
If you observe the earth from the outer space as an extraterrestrial being, you would surely focus on the use of energy by mankind to see the state of welfare of mankind but not on the use of money.
Indeed, according to the energy conservation law and the law of increase in entropy, you, an extraterrestrial being, would estimate some rise of ambient temperature on the earth.
But, if you, an extraterrestrial being, are a historian of the space, you would surely understand that mankind entered the era of petroleum after the American Civil War that was fought in early 1860's.
As in Japan, economy also drastically changed when the last samurai regime fell in late 1860's, we can easily understand implication in the observation by the extraterrestrial being.
We cannot solve fundamental problems of economy today as long as we are still in the era of petroleum.
We cannot solve them forever; but we can leave them and enter a new era of new energy sources.
Japan and the U.S. should cooperate in this enterprise to pave a miracle way for glorious prosperity of mankind in the 21st and the 22nd centuries...
SECTION II: GRAVITY
Mr. Toshihide Maskawa (Masukawa), a Japanese winner of 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics, for the first time traveled overseas when he visited Stockholm, Sweden, to attend the Nobel award ceremony, though he graduated from Nagoya University, Japan, in 1962.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa
His young friend, one of co-winners of 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics, Mr. Makoto Kobayshi has been mainly in charge of attending academic meetings held outside Japan for decades or until 2008.
But, very recently Mr. Masukawa was invited to Korea and China, and made some speech to students there.
He encouraged South Korean and Chinese students, saying that they would soon see Nobel Prize winners from their countries, because it is almost 30 years since the two countries, so close to Japan, started to evolve into modern society.
The very bigoted genius Mr. Masukawa seems to be still very much interested in gravity, since its "effective" work range is too small in comparison with, say, electromagnetism, though gravity reaches to the infinite distance no matter how small it is.
As I once wrote the energy of electromagnetism acts orthogonally against gravity.
Accordingly, the energy of electromagnetism cannot be converted to gravity.
No matter how much you receive the electromagnetic energy from the sun or your cell phone, your weight does not increase.
But, in what coordination or in what manner electromagnetism and gravity cross each other is a big question.
So, I thought that light, the original form of electromagnetism, slides on the surface, while gravity becomes hollow from the surface of the energy space which must have four or more dimensions.
However, when this material universe was first generated the two types of energy, light and gravity, must be one. But, a negligible moment later, they were forever separated at a right angle.
(The Einstein's equation, E = mc^2, suggests this background, since m is mass and c is the light speed. If m is lost, energy is released in the form of light with reasonable energy. Maybe it can be called a phenomenon at a crossing point of the two axes of mass and light.)
Just like this, there are two or more elements in the space of a human mind that have no compatibility to one another.
The energy induced by money and that by God cannot be interchangeable.
In contrast, economics must deal with many interchangeable elements.
Maybe, the total amount of real and virtual money in a nation must be compatible with the total amount of assets and capacity of producing assets...
Luk 12:1 In the mean time, when there were gathered together an innumerable multitude of people, insomuch that they trode one upon another, he began to say unto his disciples first of all, Beware ye of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy.
"a greater than Solomon is here"
(Away from Tokyo...20 miles to 100 miles)
War, Religion, Economy, and Miracles
The last Sunday (11/29) morning and night witnessed miracles around me.
I heard the terrible news that a big rain fell and big floods occurred around Mecca.
http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/11/2009112974923490434.html
I happened to view "The Lost Tomb of Jesus" on the Discovery Channel over a cable TV service.
http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/tomb/explore/explore.html
It might be related to my recent writing about Dubai, praising Allah, and my recent celebrating the coming season of Xmas in this blog.
Of course, a big miracle is that the global economy has been sustained over this year despite that scale of the debacle on Wall Street, though Japanese banks are estimated to suffer one billion-dollar defaults in Dubai.
Yet, people in the world are expecting some miracle in the process of the Obama Administration's operation on Afghanistan, since it was in Afghanistan that Mr. Osama bin Laden and his terror fighters started to launch attacks on New York City and Washington D.C. eight years ago.
SECTION I: ECONOMY AND RELIGION
I am not a critic who receives big money from a TV station by contributing to their sinful programs.
Neither am I a teacher in economics or social science who loves higher status society offers in exchange for contribution to upkeep of its regime without any desire for holy betterment.
THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC ECONOMY
According to Holton (1992, 54-69) the basic principles of economics of liberalism as outlined here, represents an amalgam of ideas derived and adopted from a range of sources. These include the 18th century economist Adam Smith, the neo- classical school of economics and more recent post-war economists such as Milton Friedman. The basic principles of this tradition include the following:
- Private Property Rights,
- Individual Sovereignty,
- Self-interest,
- Rationality,
- Self- Regulating Market.
From Islamic view, as in other traditional civilizations, economics was never considered as a separate discipline or distinct domain of activity. Consequently, there is no even a word for economics in classical Arabic. The term of Iqtisad (economic) being a fair recent translation of the modern term "economics" in Arabic and having a very different meaning in classical Arabic. Where it means primarily moderation and keeping to the golden mean as witnessed by the famous book Ihya Ulum-id-Din, Gazzali. (1971,265).
According to Sadr (1994,51-55), the Islamic economy is composed of three basic components, according to which its theoretical content is defined. Thus it is distinguished from other economic theories in terms of the broad lines of these components, which are:
- The principle of multi-faceted ownership;
- The principle of economic freedom within a defined limit;
- The principle of social justice.
The principle of multi-faceted ownership
Islam differs essentially from capitalism and socialism in the nature of the principle of ownership, which it acknowledges.
Capitalist society believes in the private individual form of ownership, i.e. private ownership. It allows individuals private ownership of different kinds of wealth in the country according to their activities and circumstances. It only recognizes public ownership when required by social necessity and when experience demonstrated the need for nationalization of this or that utility.
Socialism society is completely contrary to that. So common ownership is the general principal, which it is applied to every kind of wealth.
However, the basic characteristic of both societies are not applicable to Islamic society because Islamic society does not agree with capitalism in the doctrine that private ownership is the principle, or with socialism in its view that common ownership is a general principle. Rather it acknowledges different forms of ownership at the same time. Thus it lays down the principle of multi-faceted ownership. That means from Islamic viewpoint ownership is accepted in a variety of forms-instead of the principle of only one kind of ownership, such as, private ownership, public ownership and state ownership.
http://www.accountancy.com.pk/articles.asp?id=100
Ownership is meaningless for believers, since they admit that all the gold and silver on the earth belong to the God.
Yet, money could remain as an instrument for proving a right to utilize goods and services.
In this context, the last war for mankind should erupt between those who love money and those who hate money.
After the war, each government might simply start to print service tickets, goods coupons, and food stamps while forbidding use of the terms "money" and "interest."
SECTION II: AFTER GREAT WAR
I do really think that the war between troops from Rome led by Augustus and forces led by Antoninus and Cleopatra had a grave influence on psychology on Israelites of the era in terms of security and economy. And then, 30 years or so later Jesus Christ was born.
It was 1970's that history reached 30 years after WWII. If another Jesus Christ had been born in 1970's, he must have already started his another mission, since it is 2009 this year:
How did World War 2 affect the US economy?
A:...
- The U.S. was in large part lifted out of the great depression by selling strategic goods and materials like tools, machinery, petroleum, metals, and grain to both sides since we were neutral at first. Once we were sucked in by the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the economy shifted into overdrive and measures had to be taken to keep inflation from soaring out of control. After the war was over, the seeds of our modern "Consumer based" economy had been sown and grew like wildfire. Technology had taken great leaps forward. Before the war women rarely worked outside the home and only in limited professions. Afterwards the women who had worked to support the war and replace men in the Services liked the money and independence their own jobs gave them and they stayed in the workforce. Finally, we shifted in a massive way from mostly farming to mostly manufacturing jobs and services. Europe was devastated by the war but the U.S. emerged more militarily and economically powerful than ever.
- Economists of the Keynesian school propagated this idea that World War 2 was good for the US economy. In particular, a government economist who did central planning and price fixing during the war named Paul Samuelson wrote economics textbooks that became widely used in schools. Most modern economists these days are not Keynesian. Destruction is never productive. War does not boost an economy. The benefits are short-lived and shallow. Many economists believed that FDR prolonged the depression for many years with his "New Deal" policies and therefore the depression lasted into World War 2. The war did not end the depression. The end of the war ended the depression.
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_did_World_War_2_affect_the_US_economy
WWII changed American views on the world.
Yet, the Korean War and the Vietnam War helped Japan launch its economy eventually into the orbit of the world No.2 scale.
And, the end of the Cold War freed some American people so that they could fully get involved in the commercial stage of competition as executed on Wall Street.
People happy in war, religion, or economy still, I have to conclude, do not need the God.
Rain in Mecca, the Jesus' tomb discovered even if other Jesus', and Japanese miracle economy do not change this holy teaching of Jesus Christ, either.
Luk 11:30 For as Jonas was a sign unto the Ninevites, so shall also the Son of man be to this generation.
Luk 11:31 The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with the men of this generation, and condemn them: for she came from the utmost parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, a greater than Solomon is here.
Heb 11:29 By faith they passed through the Red sea as by dry land: which the Egyptians assaying to do were drowned.
Heb 11:30 By faith the walls of Jericho fell down, after they were compassed about seven days.
Heb 11:31 By faith the harlot Rahab perished not with them that believed not, when she had received the spies with peace.
Heb 11:29 By faith they passed through the R...


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text:
Geometry Lesson Plans
number line addition
Describing Position
Comparing Shapes
Decomposing Shapes
Lines and Angles
Properties of Geometric Shapes
Geometry Word Problems
What's My Line?
...Discuss the characteristics of each type of line. Check for understanding....
How Many Squares?
...Point to the rows and explain that a row is a number of things in a straight horizontal line....
What's In A Name? Finding Perimeter
...Begin by counting the number of graph squares on all sides of your block initials. Write down the number of squares for each side next to the side....
Simply Symmetry!
...Have each student write three sentences defining symmetry and line of symmetry....
Verbal Valentine Shapes
...Reinforce the number of sides for naming squares, rectangles, and circles with the Shapes Song....
Punched-Out Shapes
...Once students have determined it is called a "square", review the number of sides and corners the shape has....
Trapezoids Are Special
...Answers should include: "Number of sides," "Number of angles," "Corners," or "Vertices....
Area with Decimals and Fractions
...Write a mixed number by a two-digit whole number for the dimensions....
Geometry Puzzles
...Enrichment Encourage students to use 3D shapes in their shape riddles in addition to 2D shapes....
All About Angles
...Tell students that when an angle measures exactly 180 degrees, it just looks like a straight line and is referred to as a straight angle....
A Place for a Shape
...Increase the number of boxes in the grid for students to complete....
Shaping Up Turkeys
...That means that they have to start with the number 1, then go to 2, then 3, then 4. Let them know that they can not start with number 1, then go to 4 or 6....
Finding Area
...Draw an arrow going across each row of your model, then number each row....
Shape Mandalas
...Briefly discuss or review symmetry with students, meaning: a mirrored image across an axis (or line of symmetry)....
Shape Dancing
...Enrichment: Ask students to include a certain amount of shapes in their dance (four, five, etc.) and ask them to write the names of each shape in addition to drawing...
Pumpkin Math and Science
...Then using a marker to mark your first line count the lines together....
Shape Sort
...Students should mention that it is round, has one line, and is closed....
Shape Models
...Hold up each of the 3-D shape blocks and review the attributes of each shape including the number of faces (or flat surfaces) and vertices (or points) of each shape....
Describing Position lesson plans Comparing Shapes lesson plans Decomposing Shapes lesson plans 2D Shapes lesson plans 3D Shapes lesson plans Area lesson plans Perimeter lesson plans Lines and Angles lesson plans Properties of Geometric Shapes lesson plans Geometry Word Problems lesson plans Number Sense lesson plans Addition lesson plans Subtraction lesson plans Multiplication lesson plans Division lesson plans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Welcome to Northern California's premier boutique hotel. Settle into one of our exquisitely decorated and comfortable rooms. Each room is equipped with all of the conveniences to make your stay with us enjoyable. Let our friendly and professional staff pamper you while you make Cleone Gardens Inn your home away from home. Call to book soon.


text:
Region grind offers no relief
Jeff Cochran
jeff.cochran@onlineathens.com
No coach from Region 8-AAAA would go out on a limb and say his region is the toughest in the state. But most would agree that it makes their jobs significantly more difficult.
"It is stressful," said Apalachee coach Shane Davis, whose team went 10-0 in the region in 2009. "I've been in the business for 20 years and never before have I coached in a region like ours is now and has been the last three years."
Two years ago, Region 8-AAAA had three teams in the quarterfinals (Clarke Central, Rockdale County and Apalachee), two teams in the state semifinals (Clarke Central and Rockdale County) and Clarke Central reached the finals.
Last year, the region just put two teams in the second round of the playoffs (Clarke Central and Flowery Branch). Both of those teams were ranked in the top 10 for most of the season.
But perhaps the most difficult part of playing in Region 8-AAAA is that it requires a 10-game region schedule. That means no non-region contests.
"You don't have any margin for error like you have in some areas, those tune-up games before you hit that stretch where you push for the playoffs," Madison County coach Randell Owens said.
"You have to hit the ground running. It makes it tough, but it makes every game interesting."
The Red Raiders went 1-9 last year, but were 5-5 in 2009. With a renewed attitude and experience on offense, Madison County expects to be back in the conversation this season.
Region 8-AAAA is the only region in the Athens area that has a full region schedule. It is one of four regions in Class AAAA that play a full region schedule, along with Regions 4, 6 and 7.
Regions 6-AAAA and 8-AAAA each had two teams reach the second round of the playoffs last year. Tucker, of Region 6-AAAA, reached the state semifinals.
Region 7-AAAA and Region 4-AAAA had just one team make it past the first round, but Region 7-AAAA produced the Class AAAA state champion in Chattahoochee.
"It is so hard," first-year Cedar Shoals coach Dreco Thomas said of a 10-game region schedule. "We don't get that luxury (of non-region games). You slip one week and it could bite you."
In Region 8-AAAA, Flowery Branch is already expected to compete for the title after falling just a game short of the region championship last year. The Falcons are in several preseason top 10s in just their second season in Class AAAA.
Apalachee, which went 10-0 in the region two seasons ago, fell just a game short of the playoffs last year despite a 6-4 record and the third-highest scoring offense in the region.
"It is ultra-competitive," Davis said. "There were other places I've coached where, it is bad to say, but you could look at the schedule and say that a team just wasn't going to beat you. We can't say that here."
Thomas is getting his first taste of what it is like to be the head guy on the sidelines in Region 8-AAAA. He is already familiar with what it is like after several seasons as a coordinator with the Jaguars.
The Jaguars open their season against their biggest rival, Clarke Central, which also happens to be the defending region champion.
"Starting with them and where they are as a program is tough," Thomas said. "Forget about the rivalry. They are just tough. You would like to get a couple games under your belt."
The Gladiators went through the region unscathed and practically untested, winning all 10 games by an average of 24 points. Coach Leroy Ryals knows that expecting the same is unreasonable, but he hopes last year's run will build some momentum for this year.
"You hope you have some momentum and that the program would take care of itself," he said. "The kids coming into the program know what is expected of them, so that is taken care of."


Pérez is a principal dancer for the Balleteatro Nacional de Puerto Rico, and Madera was most recently a principal dancer for Ballet Brio of Bayamón. Pérez and Madera have frequently performed together.
"Our company wanted to do something special for our 10th annual production, so we worked with Mark Kappel in New York to find the perfect fit. We are very excited to bring this unique opportunity our l city," said artistic director Abra Rudisill.
Past ACB Nutcrackers, which annually feature more than 120 dancers from the community and local professional companies, have included such notable dancers as Meredith Webster and Corey Scott-Gilbert from Lines Ballet and Nikki and Ethan White from Smuin Ballet and finalists of Paula Abdul's "Live to Dance" television program.
Tickets for the Nutcracker are available at www.AlamedaNutcracker.com.


text:
Q: How can I build project, dependent on opencv 3.4.0 in RelWithDebInfo mode Here is my main cmake file:
project( reconstructor )
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
set(CMAKE_SUPPRESS_REGENERATION true)
include(ExternalProject)
set(Boost_INCLUDE_DIR c:/boost_1_66_0)
set(Boost_LIBRARY_DIR C:/boost_1_66_0/lib64-msvc-14.0 )
SET("OpenCV_DIR" "C:/opencv-3.4.0/build")
find_package( OpenCV COMPONENTS core imgproc highgui aruco optflow REQUIRED )
add_subdirectory(prepare_folder)
add_subdirectory(draw_signal)
add_subdirectory(epipolar_reconstructor)
add_subdirectory(test_detection)
add_subdirectory(homography_matcher)
add_subdirectory(multiview)
add_subdirectory(filter_clouds)
add_subdirectory(filter_clouds_solid)
add_subdirectory(optical_flow)
add_subdirectory(prepare_splices)
add_subdirectory(skew_matcher)
add_subdirectory(triangle_matcher)

and my subproject file:
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
get_filename_component(CUR_PROJECT_NAME ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} NAME)
find_package(Boost COMPONENTS system filesystem REQUIRED)
link_directories(${Boost_LIBRARY_DIR})
FILE(GLOB cpps *.cpp)
FILE(GLOB commons ../common/*.c*)
add_executable( ${CUR_PROJECT_NAME}  ${cpps} ${commons})
set_target_properties(${CUR_PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES VS_DEBUGGER_WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin")
include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIR})
target_link_libraries( ${CUR_PROJECT_NAME} ${OpenCV_LIBS} ${Boost_LIBRARIES})

But I can't build in RelWithDebInfo mode, in this case MSVC gives me these link errors:
1>epipolar_reconstructor.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void __cdecl cv::Rodrigues(class cv::_InputArray const &,class cv::_OutputArray const &,class cv::_OutputArray const &)" (?Rodrigues@cv@@YAXAEBV_InputArray@1@AEBV_OutputArray@1@1@Z) referenced in function "struct std::pair<class cv::Mat,class cv::Mat> __cdecl calcR(struct View &,struct View &)" (?calcR@@YA?AU?$pair@VMat@cv@@V12@@std@@AEAUView@@0@Z)
1>triangulate.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "void __cdecl cv::Rodrigues(class cv::_InputArray const &,class cv::_OutputArray const &,class cv::_OutputArray const &)" (?Rodrigues@cv@@YAXAEBV_InputArray@1@AEBV_OutputArray@1@1@Z)
1>epipolar_reconstructor.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void __cdecl cv::stereoRectify(class cv::_InputArray const &,class cv::_InputArray const &,class cv::_InputArray const &,class cv::_InputArray const &,class cv::Size_<int>,class cv::_InputArray const &,class cv::_InputArray const &,class cv::_OutputArray const &,class cv::_OutputArray const &,class cv::_OutputArray const &,class cv::_OutputArray const &,class cv::_OutputArray const &,int,double,class cv::Size_<int>,class cv::Rect_<int> *,class cv::Rect_<int> *)" (?stereoRectify@cv@@YAXAEBV_InputArray@1@000V?$Size_@H@1@00AEBV_OutputArray@1@2222HN1PEAV?$Rect_@H@1@3@Z) referenced in function "void __cdecl handlePair(struct View &,struct View &,struct Folder &)" (?handlePair@@YAXAEAUView@@0AEAUFolder@@@Z)

(Debug/Release builds ok) How can I fix this?

A: Even though I was unable to build in RelWithDebInfo mode, I've found a workaround. Enable debug info in your MSVC project and it will allow you to trace crash stack position:

A: I also had very often trouble using libraries with different build configurations. My solution is building every dependency with the same compiler flags as im building the project. Therefore I either add the project in cmake using the ExternalProject package or build the library multiple times with different configurations. With the second solution you will have to adjust your OpenCV_Dir respectively. However sometimes you just have to try to link the release/debug version when build in RelWithDebInfo mode and one will work.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Georg Michael Pachtler, född den 14 september 1825 i Mergentheim, död den 12 augusti 1889 i Baexem i Nederländerna, var en tysk romersk-katolsk teolog.

Pachtler blev präst 1848 och inträdde 1856 i jesuitorden, inom vilken han utövade en livlig och resultatrik verksamhet som lärare och skriftställare. Av hans arbeten kan nämnas Acta et decreta concilii Vaticani (1871) och Ratio studiorum et institutiones scholasticae societatis Jesu per Germaniam olim vigentes (1–3, 1887–1890).

Källor

Tyska romersk-katolska präster
Tyska jesuiter
Tyska teologer
Romersk-katolska teologer
Teologer under 1800-talet
Tyska forskare under 1800-talet
Födda 1825
Avlidna 1889
Män
Ugglan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
/*
 *
 *  (C) Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 All Rights Reserved.
 *  Copyright 1997 The Open Group Research Institute.  All rights reserved.
 */

package sun.security.krb5.internal.crypto;

import sun.security.krb5.*;
import sun.security.krb5.internal.*;
import java.util.zip.CRC32;

public class Crc32CksumType extends CksumType {

    public Crc32CksumType() {
    }

    public int confounderSize() {
        return 0;
    }

    public int cksumType() {
        return Checksum.CKSUMTYPE_CRC32;
    }

    public boolean isSafe() {
        return false;
    }

    public int cksumSize() {
        return 4;
    }

    public int keyType() {
        return Krb5.KEYTYPE_NULL;
    }

    public int keySize() {
        return 0;
    }

    public byte[] calculateChecksum(byte[] data, int size) {
        return crc32.byte2crc32sum_bytes(data, size);
    }

    public byte[] calculateKeyedChecksum(byte[] data, int size,
                                         byte[] key, int usage) {
                                             return null;
                                         }

    public boolean verifyKeyedChecksum(byte[] data, int size,
                                       byte[] key, byte[] checksum, int usage) {
        return false;
    }

    public static byte[] int2quad(long input) {
        byte[] output = new byte[4];
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            output[i] = (byte)((input >>> (i * 8)) & 0xff);
        }
        return output;
    }

    public static long bytes2long(byte[] input) {
        long result = 0;

        result |= (((long)input[0]) & 0xffL) << 24;
        result |= (((long)input[1]) & 0xffL) << 16;
        result |= (((long)input[2]) & 0xffL) << 8;
        result |= (((long)input[3]) & 0xffL);
        return result;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/spec_helper'

# Quick rundown of how these specs work
# please read before hacking on this plugin
#
# helpers must be tested through then entire stack
# what that means is that each spec must
# send a request to a controller and render a template
#
# Start by creating a spec controller subclassing SpecController
# which itself is a subclass of Merb::Controller
# specs_controller.rb (available at spec/fixture/app/controllers/specs_controller.rb)
# defines SpecController.
# Create a new controller in the spec/fixture/app/controllers/ if you are adding a new helper
#
# To test your helper, start by initializing a controller
#
#    @controller = CustomHelperSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
#
# Note that we are sending a real request to the controller, feel free to use the request as needed
#
# You might need to access real objects in your views
# you can do that by setting them up in the controller
#
#    @obj = FakeModel.new # FaKeModel is defined in spec/fixture/models/first_generic_fake_model.rb check it out!
#    @controller.instance_variable_set(:@obj, @obj)
#
# To test a helper, you need to render a view:
#
#    result = @controller.render :view_name
#
# Of course, you need to create a view:
#    spec/fixture/app/views/custom_helper_specs/view_name.html.erb
# in the view, call the helper you want to test
#
# You can now test the helper in the view:
#    result.should match_tag(:form, :method => "post")
#

Merb::Plugins.config[:helpers] = {
  :default_builder => Merb::Helpers::Form::Builder::FormWithErrors
}

describe "error_messages_for" do

  before :each do
    @c = Application.new({})
    @dm_obj = Object.new
    @sq_obj = Object.new
    @dm_errors = [["foo", "bar"],["baz","bat"]]
    @sq_errors = Object.new
    @sq_errors.stub!(:full_messages).and_return(["foo", "baz"])
    @dm_obj.stub!(:errors).and_return(@dm_errors)
    @dm_obj.stub!(:new_record?).and_return(false)
    @sq_obj.stub!(:errors).and_return(@sq_errors)
    @sq_obj.stub!(:new_record?).and_return(false)
  end

  it "should build default error messages for AR-like models" do
    errs = @c.error_messages_for(@dm_obj)
    errs.should include("
Form submission failed because of 2 problems
")
    errs.should include("
foo bar
")
    errs.should include("
baz bat
")
  end

  it "should build default error messages for Sequel-like models" do
    errs = @c.error_messages_for(@sq_obj)
    errs.should include("
Form submission failed because of 2 problems
")
    errs.should include("
foo
")
    errs.should include("
baz
")
  end

  # it "should build default error messages for symbol" do
  #   errs = error_messages_for(:obj)
  #   errs.should include("
Form submittal failed because of 2 problems
")
  #   errs.should include("
foo bar
")
  #   errs.should include("
baz bat
")
  # end

  it "should accept a custom HTML class" do
    errs = @c.error_messages_for(@dm_obj, :error_class => "foo")
    errs.should include("
")
  end

  it "should accept a custom header block" do
    errs = @c.error_messages_for(@dm_obj, :header => "
Failure: %s issue%s
")
    errs.should include("
Failure: 2 issues
")
  end

#  it "should put the error messages inside a form if :before is false" do
#    ret = @c.form_for @dm_obj do
#      _buffer << error_messages
#    end
#    ret.should =~ /\A\s*<form.*
/
#  end

end

describe "form" do

  before :each do
    @c = FormSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
  end

  describe "when _default_builder is Merb::Helpers::Form::Builder::ResourcefulFormWithErrors" do

    before(:each) do
      @obj = FakeModel2.new
      @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, @obj)
    end

    it "should not explode when #form is called" do
      r = @c.render :resourceful_form
      pending
      #r.should =~ /action="fake_model2\/#{@obj.id}"/
    end
  end

  it "should use the post method by default" do
    ret = @c.render(:post_by_default)
    ret.should have_selector("form[method=post]")
    ret.should include("CONTENT")
  end

  it "should use the get method if set" do
    ret = @c.render(:get_if_set)
    ret.should have_selector("form[method=get]")
  end

  it "should fake out the put method if set" do
    ret = @c.render(:fake_put_if_set)
    ret.should have_selector("form[method=post]")
    ret.should have_selector("input[type=hidden][name=_method][value=put]")
  end

  it "should fake out the delete method if set" do
    ret = @c.render(:fake_delete_if_set)
    ret.should have_selector("form[method=post]")
    ret.should have_selector("input[type=hidden][name=_method][value=delete]")
  end

  # TODO: Why is this required?
  # ---------------------------
  #
  # it "should silently set method to post if an unsupported method is used" do
  #     form_tag :method => :dodgy do
  #       _buffer << "CONTENT"
  #     end
  #     _buffer.should match_tag(:form, :method => "post")
  #     _buffer.should_not match_tag(:input, :type => "hidden", :name => "_method", :value => "dodgy")
  # end

  it "should take create a form" do
    ret = @c.render(:create_a_form)
    ret.should have_selector("form[action=foo][method=post]")
    ret.should include("Hello")
  end

  it "should set a form to be multipart" do
    ret = @c.render(:create_a_multipart_form)
    ret.should have_selector("form[action=foo][method=post][enctype='multipart/form-data']")
    ret.should include("CONTENT")
  end
end

describe "form_for" do

  before :each do
    @c = FormForSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, FakeModel.new)
  end

  it "should wrap the contents in a form tag" do
    form = @c.render :basic
    form.should have_selector("form[method=post]")
    form.should have_selector("input[type=hidden][value=put][name=_method]")
  end

  it "should set the method to post be default" do
    new_fake_model = FakeModel2.new
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, new_fake_model)
    form = @c.render :basic
    form.should have_selector("form[method=post]")
    form.should_not have_selector("input[type=hidden][name=_method]")
  end

  it "should support PUT if the object passed in is not a new_record? via a hidden field" do
    form = @c.render :basic
    form.should have_selector("form[method=post]")
    form.should have_selector("input[type=hidden][value=put][name=_method]")
  end

end

describe "fields_for" do

  before :each do
    @c = FieldsForSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, FakeModel.new)
  end

  it "should dump the contents in the context of the object" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should have_selector("input[type=text][value=foowee]")
  end

  it "should be able to modify the context midstream" do
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj2, FakeModel2.new)
    r = @c.render :midstream
    r.should have_selector("input[type=text][value=foowee]")
    r.should have_selector("input[name='fake_model2[foo]'][type=text][value=foowee2]")
  end

  it "should handle an explicit nil attribute" do
    r = @c.render :nil
    r.should have_selector("input[name='fake_model[foo]'][value=foowee][type=text]")
  end

  it "should pass context back to the old object after exiting block" do
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj2, FakeModel2.new)
    r = @c.render :midstream
    r.should have_selector("input[id=fake_model_foo][name='fake_model[foo]'][type=text][extra=true]")
  end
end

describe "text_field" do

  before :each do
    @c = TextFieldSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
  end

  it "should return a basic text field based on the values passed in" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should have_selector("input[type=text][name=foo][value=bar]")
  end

  it "should provide an additional label tag if the :label option is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match(/LABEL<\/label>/)
  end

  it "should update an existing :class with a new class" do
    r = @c.render :class
    r.should == "<input type=\"text\" class=\"awesome foobar text\"/>"
  end

  it "should be disabled if :disabled => true is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :disabled
    r.should have_selector("input[type=text][disabled=disabled]")
  end

  it "should provide an additional label tag if the :label option is passed in as a hash" do
    r = @c.render :label
    r.should match(/LABEL<\/label>/)
  end

end

describe "bound_text_field" do

  before :each do
    @c = BoundTextFieldSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, FakeModel.new)
  end

  it "should take a string object and return a useful text control" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should have_selector("input[type=text][name='fake_model[foo]'][value=foowee]")
  end

  it "should take additional attributes and use them" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should have_selector("input[type=text][name='fake_model[foo]'][value=foowee][bar='7']")
  end

  it "should provide an additional label tag if the :label option is passed in" do
    form = @c.render :basic
    form.should match(/LABEL<\/label><input/)
    form.should_not have_selector("input[label=LABEL]")
  end

  it "should not errorify the field for a new object" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should_not have_selector("input[type=text][name='fake_model[foo]'][class=error]")
  end

  it "should errorify a field for a model with errors" do
    model = mock("model")
    model.stub!(:new_record?).and_return(true)
    model.stub!(:class).and_return("MyClass")
    model.stub!(:foo).and_return("FOO")
    errors = mock("errors")
    errors.should_receive(:on).with(:foo).and_return(true)

    model.stub!(:errors).and_return(errors)
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, model)
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should have_selector("input[class='error text']")
  end
end

describe "bound_radio_button" do

  before :each do
    @c = BoundRadioButtonSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, FakeModel.new)
  end

  it "should take a string object and return a useful text control" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should have_selector("input[type=radio][name='fake_model[foo]'][value=foowee]")
  end

  it "should take additional attributes and use them" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should have_selector("input[type=radio][name='fake_model[foo]'][value=foowee][bar='7']")
  end

  it "should provide an additional label tag if the :label option is passed in" do
    form = @c.render :basic
    form.should have_selector("input + label:contains('LABEL')")
    form.should_not have_selector("input[label]")
  end

  it "should not errorify the field for a new object" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should_not have_selector("input[type=radio][name='fake_model[foo]'][class=error]")
  end

  it "should errorify a field for a model with errors" do
    model = mock("model")
    model.stub!(:new_record?).and_return(true)
    model.stub!(:class).and_return("MyClass")
    model.stub!(:foo).and_return("FOO")
    errors = mock("errors")
    errors.should_receive(:on).with(:foo).and_return(true)

    model.stub!(:errors).and_return(errors)
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, model)
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should have_selector("input[class='error radio']")
  end
end

describe "password_field" do

  before :each do
    @c = PasswordFieldSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
  end

  it "should return a basic password field, but omit the value" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should have_selector("input[type=password][name=foo]")
  end

  it "should provide an additional label tag if the :label option is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should have_selector("label:contains('LABEL')")
  end

  it "should be disabled if :disabled => true is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :disabled
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type => "password", :disabled => "disabled")
  end
end

describe "bound_password_field" do

  before :each do
    @c = BoundPasswordFieldSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
    @obj = FakeModel.new
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, @obj)
  end

  it "should take a string object and return a useful password control, but omit the value" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type => "password", :name => "fake_model[foo]")
  end

  it "should take additional attributes and use them" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type => "password", :name => "fake_model[foo]", :bar => "7", :value => @obj.foo)
  end

  it "should provide an additional label tag if the :label option is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match(/LABEL<\/label><input/)
    r.should_not match_tag(:input, :label => "LABEL")
  end

  it "should not errorify the field for a new object" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should_not match_tag(:input, :class => "error")
  end

  it "should errorify a field for a model with errors" do
    model = mock("model")
    model.stub!(:new_record?).and_return(true)
    model.stub!(:class).and_return("MyClass")
    model.stub!(:foo).and_return("FOO")
    errors = mock("errors")
    errors.should_receive(:on).with(:foo).and_return(true)

    model.stub!(:errors).and_return(errors)

    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, model)
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag(:input, :class => "error password")
  end

end

describe "check_box" do

  before :each do
    @c = CheckBoxSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
  end

  it "should return a basic checkbox based on the values passed in" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag(:input, :class => "checkbox", :name => "foo", :checked => "checked")
  end

  it "should provide an additional label tag if the :label option is passed in" do
    result = @c.render :label
    result.should match(/<input.*>LABEL<\/label>/)
    res = result.scan(/<[^>]*>/)
    res[0].should_not match_tag(:input, :label => "LABEL")
  end

  it 'should remove the checked="checked" attribute if :checked is false or nil' do
    r = @c.render :unchecked
    r.should_not   include('checked="')
  end

  it 'should have the checked="checked" attribute if :checked => true is passed in' do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should include('checked="checked"')
  end

  it "should not be boolean by default" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type => "checkbox", :name => "foo")
  end

  it "should add a hidden input if boolean" do
    r = @c.render :boolean
    r.should have_tag(:input, :type => "checkbox", :value => "1")
    r.should have_tag(:input, :type => "hidden",   :value => "0")
    r.should match(/<input.*?type="hidden"[^>]*>[^<]*<input.*?type="checkbox"[^>]*>/)

  end

  it "should not allow a :value param if boolean" do
    lambda { @c.render :raises_error_if_not_boolean }.
      should raise_error(ArgumentError, /can't be used with a boolean checkbox/)
  end

  it "should not allow :boolean => false if :on and :off are specified" do
    lambda { @c.render :raises_error_if_on_off_and_boolean_false }.
      should raise_error(ArgumentError, /cannot be used/)
  end

  it "should be boolean if :on and :off are specified" do
    html = @c.render :on_off_is_boolean
    html.should have_tag(:input, :type => "checkbox", :value => "YES", :name => "foo")
    html.should have_tag(:input, :type => "hidden",   :value => "NO",  :name => "foo")
  end

  it "should have both :on and :off specified or neither" do
    lambda { @c.render :raise_unless_both_on_and_off }.should raise_error(ArgumentError, /must be specified/)
    lambda { @c.render :raise_unless_both_on_and_off }.should raise_error(ArgumentError, /must be specified/)
  end

  it "should convert :value to a string on a non-boolean checkbox" do
    r = @c.render :to_string
    r.should match_tag(:input, :value => "")
    r.should match_tag(:input, :value => "false")
    r.should match_tag(:input, :value => "0")
    r.should match_tag(:input, :value => "0")
    r.should match_tag(:input, :value => "1")
    r.should match_tag(:input, :value => "1")
    r.should match_tag(:input, :value => "true")
  end

  it "should be disabled if :disabled => true is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :disabled
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type => "checkbox", :disabled => "disabled")
  end

  it "should be possible to call with just check_box" do
    r = @c.render :simple
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type => "checkbox", :class => "checkbox")
  end
end

describe "bound_check_box" do

  before :each do
    @c = BoundCheckBoxSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, FakeModel.new)
  end

  it "should take a string and return a useful checkbox control" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type =>"checkbox", :name => "fake_model[baz]", :class => "checkbox", :value => "1", :checked => "checked", :id => "fake_model_baz")
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type =>"hidden",   :name => "fake_model[baz]", :value => "0")
  end

  it "should raise an error if you try to use :value" do
    lambda { @c.render(:raise_value_error) }.should raise_error(ArgumentError, /:value can't be used with a bound_check_box/)
  end

  it "should support models from datamapper" do
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, FakeDMModel.new)
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag(:input,
                                              :type    =>"checkbox",
                                              :name    => "fake_dm_model[baz]",
                                              :class   => "checkbox",
                                              :value   => "1",
                                              :checked => "checked",
                                              :id      => "fake_dm_model_baz")

    r.should match_tag(:input, :type =>"hidden",   :name => "fake_dm_model[bat]", :value => "0")
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type =>"checkbox", :name => "fake_dm_model[bat]", :class => "checkbox", :value => "1")
  end

  it "should allow a user to set the :off value" do
    r = @c.render :on_and_off
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type =>"hidden",   :name => "fake_model[bat]", :value => "off")
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type =>"checkbox", :name => "fake_model[bat]", :class => "checkbox", :value => "on")
  end

  it "should render controls with errors if their attribute contains an error" do
    r = @c.render :errors
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type =>"checkbox", :name => "fake_model[bazbad]", :class => "error checkbox", :value => "1", :checked => "checked")
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type =>"hidden",   :name => "fake_model[batbad]", :value => "0")
  end

  it "should provide an additional label tag if the :label option is passed in" do
    form = @c.render :label
    form.should match( /<input.*>LABEL<\/label>/ )
    form.should_not match_tag(:input, :label => "LABEL")
  end

  it "should not errorify the field for a new object" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should_not match_tag(:input, :type => "checkbox", :class => "error checkbox")
  end

  it "should errorify a field for a model with errors" do
    model = mock("model")
    model.stub!(:new_record?).and_return(true)
    model.stub!(:class).and_return("MyClass")
    model.stub!(:baz).and_return("BAZ")
    model.stub!(:bat).and_return("BAT")
    errors = mock("errors")
    errors.should_receive(:on).with(:baz).and_return(true)
    errors.should_receive(:on).with(:bat).and_return(true)

    model.stub!(:errors).and_return(errors)

    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, model)
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type => "checkbox", :class => "error checkbox")
  end

  it "should be boolean" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should have_tag(:input, :type => "checkbox", :value => "1")
    r.should have_tag(:input, :type => "hidden",   :value => "0")
  end

  it "should be checked if the value of the model's attribute is equal to the value of :on" do
    r = @c.render :checked
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type =>"checkbox", :value => "foowee", :checked => "checked")
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type =>"checkbox", :value => "YES")

  end
end

describe "hidden_field" do

  before :each do
    @c = HiddenFieldSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
  end

  it "should return a basic checkbox based on the values passed in" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type => "hidden", :name => "foo", :value => "bar")
  end

  it "should not render a label if the :label option is passed in" do
    res = @c.render :label
    res.should_not match(/LABEL/)
    res.should_not match_tag(:input, :label=> "LABEL")
  end

  it "should be disabled if :disabled => true is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :disabled
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type => "hidden", :disabled => "disabled")
  end
end

describe "bound_hidden_field" do

  before :each do
    @c = BoundHiddenFieldSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, FakeModel.new)
  end

  it "should take a string and return a hidden field control" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type =>"hidden", :name => "fake_model[foo]", :value => "foowee")
  end

  it "should render controls with errors if their attribute contains an error" do
    r = @c.render :errors
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type =>"hidden", :name => "fake_model[foobad]", :value => "foowee", :class => "error hidden")
  end

  it "should not render a label if the :label option is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :label
    r.should_not match(/LABEL/)
    r.should_not match_tag(:input, :label=> "LABEL")
  end

  it "should not errorify the field for a new object" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should_not match_tag(:input, :type => "hidden", :class => "error")
  end

  it "should not errorify a field for a model with errors" do
    model = mock("model")
    model.stub!(:new_record?).and_return(true)
    model.stub!(:class).and_return("MyClass")
    model.stub!(:foo).and_return("FOO")
    errors = mock("errors")
    errors.should_receive(:on).with(:foo).and_return(true)

    model.stub!(:errors).and_return(errors)

    @c.instance_variable_set(:@model, model)
    r = @c.render :hidden_error
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type => "hidden", :name => "my_class[foo]", :class => "error hidden")
  end

end

describe "radio_button" do

  before :each do
    @c = RadioButtonSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
  end

  it "should should return a basic radio button based on the values passed in" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type => "radio", :name => "foo", :value => "bar", :id => "baz")
  end

  it "should provide an additional label tag if the :label option is passed in" do
    result = @c.render :label
    # result.should match(/LABEL<\/label><input/)
    # res = result.scan(/<[^>]*>/)
    # res[2].should_not match_tag(:input, :label => "LABEL")
    result.should match(/<input.*>LABEL<\/label>/)
    res = result.scan(/<[^>]*>/)
    res[0].should_not match_tag(:input, :label => "LABEL")
  end

  it "should be disabled if :disabled => true is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :disabled
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type => "radio", :disabled => "disabled")
  end
end

describe "radio_group" do

  before :each do
    @c = RadioGroupSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
  end

  it "should return a group of radio buttons" do
    radio = @c.render :basic
    radio = radio.scan(/<[^>]*>/)
    radio[0].should match_tag(:input, :type => "radio", :value => "foowee")
    radio[3].should match_tag(:input, :type => "radio", :value => "baree")
  end

  it "should provide an additional label tag for each option in array-based options" do
    radio = @c.render :basic
    radio.scan( /<input.*?>(foowee|baree)<\/label>/ ).size.should == 2
    radio = radio.scan(/<[^>]*>/)
    radio[0].should_not match_tag(:input, :label => "LABEL")
    radio[3].should_not match_tag(:input, :label => "LABEL")
  end

  it "should accept array of hashes as options" do
    radio = @c.render :hash
    radio.scan( /<input.*?>(Five|Bar)<\/label>/ ).size.should == 2
    radio.scan(/<[^>]*>/).size.should == 6
    radio.should match_tag(:input, :value => 5)
    radio.should match_tag(:label)
    radio.should match_tag(:input, :value => 'bar', :id => 'bar_id')
    radio.should match_tag(:label, :for => 'bar_id')
  end

  it "should apply attributes to each element" do
    radio = @c.render :attributes
    radio = radio.scan(/<[^>]*>/)
    radio[0].should match_tag(:input, :type => "radio", :value => "foowee", :class => "CLASS radio")
    radio[3].should match_tag(:input, :type => "radio", :value => "baree", :class => "CLASS radio")
  end

  it "should override universal attributes with specific ones" do
    radio = @c.render :specific_attributes
    radio = radio.scan(/<[^>]*>/)
    radio[0].should match_tag(:input, :type => "radio", :value => "foowee", :class => "CLASS radio")
    radio[3].should match_tag(:input, :type => "radio", :value => "baree", :class => "BAREE radio")
  end
end

describe "bound_radio_group" do

  before do
    @c = BoundRadioGroupSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, FakeModel.new)
  end

  it "should return a group of radio buttons" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type => "radio", :name => "fake_model[foo]", :value => "foowee", :checked => "checked")
    r.should match_tag(:input, :type => "radio", :name => "fake_model[foo]", :value => "baree")
    r.should_not match_tag(:checked => "checked")
  end

  it "should provide an additional label tag for each option in array-based options" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.scan( /<input.*?>(foowee|baree)<\/label>/ ).size.should == 2
    radio = r.scan(/<[^>]*>/)[2..-2]
    radio[0].should_not match_tag(:input, :label => "LABEL")
    radio[3].should_not match_tag(:input, :label => "LABEL")
  end

  it "should accept array of hashes as options" do
    r = @c.render :hashes
    r.scan( /<input.*?>(Five|Bar)<\/label>/ ).size.should == 2
    r.scan(/<[^>]*>/)[2..-2].size.should == 6
    r.should match_tag(:input, :value => 5)
    r.should match_tag(:label)
    r.should match_tag(:input, :value => 'bar', :id => 'bar_id')
    r.should match_tag(:label, :for => 'bar_id')
  end

  it "should provide autogenerated id for inputs" do
    r = @c.render :mixed
    r.should match_tag(:input, :id => 'fake_model_foo_bar')
    r.should match_tag(:label, :for => 'fake_model_foo_bar')
    r.should match_tag(:input, :id => 'fake_model_foo_bar')
    r.should match_tag(:label, :for => 'fake_model_foo_bar')
  end

  it "should override autogenerated id for inputs with hash-given id" do
    r = @c.render :override_id
    r.should match_tag(:input, :id => 'bar_id')
    r.should match_tag(:label, :for => 'bar_id')
  end

  it "should only have one element with the checked property" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag(:input, :checked => "checked")
    r.should_not match_tag(:input, :checked => "false")
  end
end

describe "text_area" do

  before do
    @c = TextAreaSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
  end

  it "should should return a basic text area based on the values passed in" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag(:textarea, :name => "foo")
  end

  it "should handle a nil content" do
    r = @c.render :nil
    r.should == "<textarea name=\"foo\"></textarea>"
  end

  # TODO: Why is this required?
  # ---------------------------
  #
  # it "should handle a nil attributes hash" do
  #   text_area("CONTENT", nil).should == "<textarea>CONTENT</textarea>"
  # end

  it "should render a label when the label is passed in" do
    result = @c.render :label
    result.should match(/LABEL<\/label><textarea/)
    result.should_not match_tag(:textarea, :label => "LABEL")
  end

  it "should be disabled if :disabled => true is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :disabled
    r.should match_tag(:textarea, :disabled => "disabled")
  end
end

describe "bound_text_area" do

  before do
    @c = BoundTextAreaSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
    @obj = FakeModel.new
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, @obj)
  end

  it "should provide :id attribute" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag(:textarea, :id => 'fake_model_foo', :name => "fake_model[foo]")
    r.should =~ />\s*#{@obj.foo}\s*</
  end
end

describe "select" do

  before do
    @c = SelectSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
  end

  it "should provide a blank option if you :include_blank" do
    r = @c.render :blank
    r.should =~ /<option.*>\s*<\/option>/
  end

  it "should render the select tag with suffix '[]' to name when :multiple => true" do
    r = @c.render :multiple
    r.should match_tag( :select, :name => "foo[]" )
  end
end

describe "bound_select" do

  before do
    @c = BoundSelectSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, FakeModel.new)
  end

  it "should render the select tag with the correct id and name" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should match_tag( :select, :id => "fake_model_foo", :name => "fake_model[foo]" )
  end

  it "should render the select tag with suffix '[]' to name when :multiple => true" do
    r = @c.render :multiple
    r.should match_tag( :select, :id => "fake_model_foo", :name => "fake_model[foo][]" )
  end

  it "should include a blank option" do
    r = @c.render :blank
    r.should match_tag(:option, :value => '')
    r.should =~ /<option.*>\s*<\/option>/
  end

  it "should render a prompt option without a value" do
    r = @c.render :prompt
    r.should match_tag(:option, :value => '')
    r.should =~ /<option.*>Choose<\/option>/
  end

  it "should render a select tag with options" do
    r = @c.render :with_options
    r.should match_tag( :select, :class => "class1 class2", :title=> "This is the title" )
    r.should =~ /<select.*>\s*<\/select>/
  end

  it "should render a select tag with options and a blank option" do
    r = @c.render :with_options_with_blank
    r.should match_tag( :select, :title => "TITLE" )
    r.should match_tag( :option, :value => '' )
    r.should =~ /<option.*>\s*<\/option>/
  end

  # Not sure how this makes any sense
  # ---------------------------------
  #
  # it "should render the text as the value if no text_method is specified" do
  #   form_for @obj do
  #     content = select( :foo, :collection => [FakeModel] )
  #     content.should match_tag( :option, :value => "FakeModel" )
  #   end
  # end

end

describe "bound option tags" do

  before do
    @c = BoundOptionTagSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, FakeModel.new)
  end

  it "should use text_method and value_method for tag generation" do
    r = @c.render :text_and_value
    r.should match_tag( :option, :content => "foowee", :value => "7" )
    r.should match_tag( :option, :content => "foowee2", :value => "barbar" )

    # content = options_from_collection_for_select( [FakeModel.new, FakeModel2.new], :text_method => 'foo', :value_method => 'bar' )
    # content.should match_tag( :option, :content => "foowee", :value => "7" )
    # content.should match_tag( :option, :content => "foowee2", :value => "barbar" )
  end

  it "should render a hash of arrays as a grouped select box" do
    model1 = FakeModel.new ; model1.make = "Ford"   ; model1.model = "Mustang"   ; model1.vin = '1'
    model2 = FakeModel.new ; model2.make = "Ford"   ; model2.model = "Falcon"    ; model2.vin = '2'
    model3 = FakeModel.new ; model3.make = "Holden" ; model3.model = "Commodore" ; model3.vin = '3'
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@model1, model1)
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@model2, model2)
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@model3, model3)
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@collection, [model1, model2, model3].inject({}) {|s,e| (s[e.make] ||= []) << e; s })
    r = @c.render :grouped
    # Blank actually defaults to ""
    r.should =~ /<optgroup label=\"Ford\"><option/
    r.should match_tag( :optgroup, :label => "Ford" )
    r.should match_tag( :option, :selected => "selected", :value => "1", :content => "Mustang" )
    r.should match_tag( :option, :value => "2", :content => "Falcon" )
    r.should match_tag( :optgroup, :label => "Holden" )
    r.should match_tag( :option, :value => "3", :content => "Commodore" )

    # collection = [@model1, @model2, @model3].inject({}) {|s,e| (s[e.make] ||= []) << e; s }
    # content = options_from_collection_for_select(collection, :text_method => 'model', :value_method => 'vin', :selected => '1')
  end

  it "should render a collection of nested value/content arrays" do
    r = @c.render :nested
    r.should match_tag(:select, :id => "fake_model_foo", :name => "fake_model[foo]")
    r.should match_tag(:option, :value => "small",  :content => "Small")
    r.should match_tag(:option, :value => "medium", :content => "Medium")
    r.should match_tag(:option, :value => "large",  :content => "Large")
  end

  # Is this really worth the extra speed hit? I'm thinking not
  # ----------------------------------------------------------
  #
  # it "should humanize and titlize keys in the label for the option group" do
  #   collection = { :some_snake_case_key => [FakeModel.new] }
  #   form_for @obj do
  #     content = select( :foo, :collection => collection )
  #     content.should match_tag( :optgroup, :label => "Some Snake Case Key" )
  #   end
  # end

end

require "hpricot"

describe "option tags" do

  before do
    @c = OptionTagSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@collection, [['rabbit','Rabbit'],['horse','Horse'],['bird','Bird']])
  end

  it "should provide an option tag for each item in the collection" do
    r = @c.render :collection
    doc = Hpricot( r )
    (doc/"option").size.should == 3
  end

  it "should provide a blank option" do
    r = @c.render :with_blank
    r.should match_tag( :option, :value => '' )
  end

  it "should render the prompt option at the top" do
    r = @c.render :with_prompt
    #ontent = select( :collection => [["foo", "Foo"]], :prompt => 'Choose' )
    r.should match(/<option[^>]*>Choose<\/option>[^<]*<option[^>]*>Foo<\/option>/)
  end

  it "should provide selected options by value" do
    r = @c.render :selected
    r.should match_tag( :option, :value => 'rabbit', :selected => 'selected', :content => 'Rabbit' )
    r.should_not match_tag( :option, :value => 'chicken', :selected => nil, :content => 'Chicken' )
  end

  it "should handle arrays for selected when :multiple is true" do
    r = @c.render :multiple_selects
    r.should match_tag( :option, :value => 'minutes', :selected => 'selected', :content => 'Time' )
    r.should match_tag( :option, :value => 'dollars', :selected => 'selected', :content => 'Money' )
  end

  it "should render a hash of options as optgroup" do
    r = @c.render :optgroups
    r.should match_tag( :optgroup, :label => 'Fruit' )
    r.should match_tag( :optgroup, :label => 'Vegetables' )
    r.should match_tag( :option, :value => 'banana', :selected => 'selected', :content => 'Banana' )
  end

  it "should accept an array of strings in :collection as the content/value of each option" do
    r = @c.render :array
    r.should match_tag(:option, :content => "one", :value => "one")
    r.should match_tag(:option, :content => "two", :value => "two")
  end

  it "should only pass :selected and :value attrs to <option> tags" do
    r = @c.render :no_extra_attributes
    r = r.slice(/<option[^>]*>[^<]*<\/option>/)
    r.should match_tag(:option, :value => "rabbit", :content => "Rabbit")
    r.should_not match_tag(:option, :id => "my_id", :name => "my_name", :class => "classy")
  end

  it "should not pollute the <select> attributes with <option> attributes" do
    r = @c.render :clean
    r.should_not match_tag(:select, :value => "banana", :selected => "selected")
  end
end

describe "fieldset" do

  before :each do
    @c = FieldsetSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
  end

  it "should provide legend option" do
    r = @c.render :legend
    r.should have_selector("fieldset legend:contains('TEST')")
  end

end

describe "label" do

  before :each do
    @c = LabelSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
  end

  it "should render a label tag" do
    r = @c.render :basic
    r.should have_selector("label[for=user_first_name]:contains('First Name')")
  end
end

describe "file_field" do

  before :each do
    @c = FileFieldSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
  end

  it "should return a basic file field based on the values passed in" do
    r = @c.render :with_values
    r.should have_selector("input[type=file][name=foo][value=bar]")
  end

  it "should wrap the field in a label if the :label option is passed to the file" do
    r = @c.render :with_label
    r.should have_selector("label:contains('LABEL') + input.file[type=file]")
  end

  it "should be disabled if :disabled => true is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :disabled
    r.should have_selector("input[type=file][disabled=disabled]")
  end

  it "should make the surrounding form multipart" do
    r = @c.render :makes_multipart
    r.should have_selector("form[enctype='multipart/form-data']")
  end
end

describe "bound_file_field" do

  before :each do
    @c = BoundFileFieldSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, FakeModel.new)
  end

  it "should take a string object and return a useful file control" do
    r  = @c.render :takes_string
    r.should have_selector("input[type=file][name='fake_model[foo]'][value=foowee]")
  end

  it "should take additional attributes and use them" do
    r = @c.render :additional_attributes
    r.should have_selector("input[type=file][name='fake_model[foo]'][value=foowee][bar='7']")
  end

  it "should wrap the file_field in a label if the :label option is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :with_label
    r.should have_selector("label:contains('LABEL')")
    r.should_not have_selector("input[label=LABEL]")
  end
end

describe "submit" do

  before :each do
    @c = SubmitSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
  end

  it "should return a basic submit input based on the values passed in" do
    r = @c.render :submit_with_values
    r.should have_selector("input[type=submit][name=foo][value=Done]")
  end

  it "should provide an additional label tag if the :label option is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :submit_with_label
    r.should have_selector("input[type=submit][name=submit][value=Done]")
    r.should have_selector("label:contains('LABEL')")
  end

  it "should be disabled if :disabled => true is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :disabled_submit
    r.should have_selector("input[type=submit][value=Done][disabled=disabled]")
  end
end

describe "button" do

  before :each do
    @c = ButtonSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
  end

  it "should return a button based on the values passed in" do
    r = @c.render :button_with_values
    r.should have_selector("button[type=button][name=foo][value=bar]:contains('Click Me')")
  end

  it "should provide an additional label tag if the :label option is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :button_with_label
    r.should have_selector("button[value=foo]")
    r.should have_selector("label:contains('LABEL')")
  end

  it "should be disabled if :disabled => true is passed in" do
    r = @c.render :disabled_button
    r.should have_selector("button[disabled=true]")
  end
end

class MyBuilder < Merb::Helpers::Form::Builder::Base

  def update_bound_controls(method, attrs, type)
    super
    attrs[:bound] = type
  end

  def update_unbound_controls(attrs, type)
    super
    attrs[:unbound] = type
  end

end

describe "custom builder" do

  before :each do
    @c = CustomBuilderSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
    @c.instance_variable_set(:@obj, FakeModel.new)
  end

  it "should let you override update_bound_controls" do
    r = @c.render :everything
    r.should =~ / bound="file"/
    r.should =~ / bound="text"/
    r.should =~ / bound="hidden"/
    r.should =~ / bound="password"/
    r.should =~ / bound="radio"/
    r.should =~ / bound="text_area"/
  end

  it "should let you override update_unbound_controls" do
    r = @c.render :everything
    r.should have_selector("button[unbound=button]")
    r.should have_selector("input[unbound=submit]")
    r.should have_selector("textarea[unbound=text_area]")
  end
end

describe 'delete_button' do

  before :each do
    @controller = DeleteButtonSpecs.new(Merb::Request.new({}))
    @controller.instance_variable_set(:@obj, FakeModel.new)
  end

  it "should have a default submit button text" do
    result = @controller.render :simple_delete # <%= delete_button @obj %>
    result.should have_selector("input[type=submit][value=Delete]")
  end

  it 'should return a button inside of a form for the object' do
    result = @controller.render :simple_delete # <%= delete_button @obj %>
    result.should have_selector("form[action='/fake_models/fake_model'][method=post]")
    result.should have_selector("input[type=hidden][value=DELETE][name=_method]")
  end

  it 'should allow you to modify the label' do
    result = @controller.render :delete_with_label # <%= delete_button(@obj, "Delete moi!") %>
    result.should have_selector("input[type=submit][value='Delete moi!']")
  end

  it "should allow you to pass some extra params like a class" do
    result = @controller.render :delete_with_extra_params
    result.should have_selector("input.custom-class[type=submit][value=Delete]")
  end

  it "should allow to pass an explicit url as a string" do
    result = @controller.render :delete_with_explicit_url # <%= delete_button('/test/custom_url') %>
    result.should have_selector("form[action='/test/custom_url'][method=post]")
  end

end

# describe "control_value" do
#
#
#   it 'should escape [&"<>]' do
#     @obj.vin = '&"<>'
#     f = form_for :obj do
#       control_value(:vin).should == '&"<>'
#     end
#   end
# end


The decision not to vote isn't always apathy. Often, it's a political choice–or it's simply a lack of faith in the system.
Most young Americans don't vote. This election day, a group of design students set up a "non-voting" booth to help better understand exactly why millennials are so apathetic–and to kickstart a discussion about how to change that.
Inside the booth, set up at Washington Square Park in downtown Manhattan, non-voters left anonymous messages about their reasons for avoiding the polls and then walked off with "I Don't Vote" buttons.
I'm happy with things as they are and the trajectory upon which our country currently travels and I'm totally comfortable leaving this in the hands of others who do vote. I vow to continue complaining about our government despite choosing not to vote because I know my vote doesn't count and that there are a lot of people and institutions who benefit from me not voting and I'd like to keep it that way.
By creating an experience that mimicked the actual process of voting, the students wanted to reinforce the message that non-voting is a political choice–and to remind non-voters that their voices do actually count. Each recording from the fake ballot box will later be shared online.


text:
Q: Cannot assign value of type 'pantalla9' to type 'UIPageViewControllerDataSource?' I am trying to create a page view in the view controller.
I am unable to assign value of type 'pantalla9' to type 'UIPageViewControllerDataSource?'
Here is the Error message:

Here is the next error:

A: Please implement

UIPageViewControllerDataSource

in your ViewController


I believe this is related to Snapshot backups but after using the WPMU plugins I suddenly have many LARGE files on my server with names like core.10027, core.10329, etc. They are maxing out my storage space on my host and I'm looking for a way to prevent these from being made or at least limiting the amount of space they can take up.
How are you creating the backups? You can use the Managed Backups option, this will delete the temporary file from the server after the backup upload on the cloud and you can manage it from the HUB - https://premium.wpmudev.org/hub/.
However the .zip file size will depends of many facts as website size. You can find the backup storage on WordPress root folder/uploads/snapshot .
Let me know if you need any further help for this.
I am using the Managed Backups option and occasionally do a manual snapshot that goes to my Google Drive. I also use all of the other core WPMU plugins including Smush Pro, SmartCrawl, Hummingbird Pro, Defender Pro, and Automate.
Wouldn't you mind please to send me the FTP information and I can have a closer look on the files.
Thank you for the information, I had a closer look and we need to run some tests to figure out what is creating this dump data.
First of all, I need that you remove all core.##### files.
Then find the wp-config.php and increase the PHP memory.
Login on WordPress dashboard > SnapShot Pro > Create a Snapshot and see if there is any new core.#### file.
If so, by FTP access the WordPress Root Folder > wp-content and search for any debug.log, change it to Debug.txt and send as attach file.


Can be added to other EpoxyShield floor coating systems to create a non slip surface suitable for use in garages, and light industrial exposures.
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Rustoleum EpoxyShield Anti Slip Additive helps to create a slip resistant surface internally or externally and is best used in environments where slippages occur to help prevent accidents from occurring.
Rustoleum EpoxyShield Anti Slip Additive can be applied by broadcasting the additive to the surface while the paint system is still wet or by mixing it into the product, prior to application.
Rustoleum EpoxyShield Anti Slip Additive can be used internally or externally in conjunction with other Rustoleum EpoxyShield products to produce a non slip surface.
Add 1 box of EpoxyShield Anti Slip Additive to 1 x 5 litres of floor paint.


Imagine that as you read these words, someone bursts into the room and holds a gun to your head. Your body and brain react instantly to the threat in ways that can be measured scientifically as cortisol floods your system.
The same level of cortisol is found in young children when separated from a primary caregiver. That absence feels as life-threatening as a loaded gun, explained Ann Adalist Estrin, currently the Director of National Resource Center on Children of Incarcerated Parents.
The adult calms down, she continued, when the threat is ended. Dopamine floods the system with relief. But in a young child, the dopamine response comes from contact with the caregiver. So what happens if the caregiver is gone? Toxic stress can change the chemistry and actual architecture of the developing brain, potentially with lifelong consequences.
A mind is a terrible thing to test, especially a child's mind — if, in so doing, you reduce it to a number and proceed to worship that number, ignoring the extraordinary complexity and near-infinite potential of what you have just tested.
"In every work of genius we recognize our own rejected thoughts: they come back to us with a certain alienated majesty." What if?
The answers provided by the evening's presenters — all women at various stages of their lives — were various, but there was a common theme: mothers make families, mothers make relationships, mothers make community.
Historically, in most societies this has been the primary role given to women — to serve as the emotional heart of families, to make the meals and make the homes that lead to strong, centered communities.
These days, in American society at least, women are expected to do all this and also be successful in their professional lives. Only the wealthiest American families can afford to have a stay-at-home parent.
According to the Equal Justice Initiative, more than 70,000 children are doing time in either juvenile or adult facilities. During our EPIC Journey, the Babes of Wrath tour of the places poor people live, we stopped into the Coconino Juvenile detention facility in Flagstaff, Arizona.
A couple of weeks ago, when I heard that my 14-year-old son and his friend had been playing with the other boy's air-soft pistols by shooting each other at close range, I saw red.
At the time, I wasn't sure why I was getting so upset — after all, these were only toy guns.
The thing is, he'd won his case. He got custody of his daughter.
This is the limit of conventional justice: "victory," which of course means defeat for the other person, in this case, the mother of his daughter. Why not celebrate? His lawyer was satisfied. I mean, come on, you won, man!
But Bill Heenan, a Chicago fireman, had the nagging feeling that his daughter was also one of the losers in the decision. The case had been dragging through Parentage and Child Support Court, one of the busiest in the Cook County Circuit Court system, for a year. The court hears child custody and other child-related cases in which the parents were never married, a situation that may cover nearly half the kids in Chicago.