text:
History & Mythology tours
Cultural & Heritage tours
Athens excursions
All Themed Tours
The Parthenon
10 Surprising Facts About the Temple
The Parthenon: 10 Surprising Facts about the Temple
Everyone knows about the Acropolis and the Parthenon, but there are some interesting facts about the ancient temple that may surprise most! During the "Golden Age" (5th BC), the great Pericles instructs the construction of the new temple of the Parthenon. Fine white marble is being unearthed from the mountain Penteli and is being transported to the top of the Acropolis, more than 10 km away. The reason that the Parthenon still enchants us to this day cannot be summarized in just one point or fact. The grand temple of Athens symbolizes the ancient Greeks' ideals and visiting it will always be a must. Let's find out some surprising and interesting facts about it!
Illustration of the Parthenon of Athens - the Temple of Athena
The Parthenon: A brief history
Before we move on to the surprising facts, let's go through some of the most important historic facts about the Parthenon. The double Doric temple pavilion presents many original and unique elements in its architectural design. The temple was designed by Iktinos and Kallikrates, two ancient Greek architects. The responsibility of the sculptural decoration and the ivory statue of Athena, which was inside, as well as the entire construction program of the temple, was the responsibility of the famous sculptor Pheidias. The first attempts for the preservation and restoration of the Parthenon took place as early as 1896-1900 and in 1922-1933 its second restoration program took place. When you visit the Acropolis Hill, don't be surprised when you witness some of the temple's brilliant marbles behind scaffolds; maintenance and restoration works of the monument are almost always in progress.
Do you love Greek mythology? Join an Acropolis Mythology Tour, guided by a local expert.
Fact #1: There was another Parthenon before this temple
The Parthenon was built on top of a former temple of Athena, which was destroyed by the Persians during the Persian Wars. In the 6th c. BC, a new temple was built, decorated with sculptures that are exhibited in the Acropolis Museum. After the battle of Marathon, in 490 BC, a marbled temple began to be built around the old one but it was destroyed in 480 BC by the Persians. The Parthenon we can see today was built on the site of this previous temple. Constructions began in 447 BC. and were completed in just nine years (record time for that period)! The decoration works started in 438 and ended in 432 BC.
Fact #2: The Parthenon served as a temple in various religions
The Parthenon was dedicated to Goddess Athena, and took its name from one of her many qualities, being a Virgen Goddess (in Greek "parthenos"), thus Parthenon! The temple was serving her and the ancient religion of the Greek Pantheon. Faithful of the Olympian Gods continued to worship the Virgin Athena until the 5th c. AD, when it was transformed into a Cristian temple dedicated initially to Hagia Sophia and later to the Virgin Mary. It was the period when Christianity was expanding and the new religion wanted to conquer the old gods by building symbolically on the ruins of the ancient temples. Though the temple's fate was adventurous it never lost its religious status. During the years of the Ottoman rule, it became a mosque! Today, it serves as an "open" museum accepting everyone from any land and any religion.
Fact #3: The Parthenon was originally quite colorful
All the data that historians and archaeologists have at their disposal show that the Parthenon did not have the white color we see today. Instead, it was painted in many bright colors! Until the beginning of the 19th century, the systematic excavation of ancient Greek sites had brought to the fore a plethora of sculptures, some of which had visible traces of colorful surfaces. Despite the findings, the most important art historians of the time, such as Johann Joachim Winckelmann, rejected the theory of colorful Greek sculpture to such an extent that the proponents of the theory were considered eccentric and their views unorthodox. However, the scientific method and persistence of the German archaeologist Vinzenz Brinkmann at the beginning of the 21st century founded and proved the theory of colorful Greek sculpture. Using high-intensity light bulbs, ultraviolet light and specially designed cameras, Brinkmann proved that all of the Parthenon sculptures were painted! Imagine that!
Tip! It is now possible to tour Acropolis and admire interactively the ancient site on its full glory and color, with the aid of 3D reconstruction and virtual reality!
Related Tour
Acropolis 3D Guided Tour
Fact #4: A big part of the Parthenon was blown up
A very interesting fact about the Parthenon is that it was attacked several times during its long life. Some of those blows were very destructive and are responsible for the extended damages that we can see today. The first destruction of the Parthenon took place in 267 AD by the Heruli (a people possibly of Scandinavian origin), who occupied Athens and set fire to the Parthenon. The original roof was destroyed as well as the entire internal colonnade. In 1687 AD, a shooting hit the powder storage room that Ali Aga had installed in the site, destroying most of the temple at its east side. During the Greek Revolution of 1821, the Acropolis was liberated by the Greeks, but would later be besieged by the army of Kioutachis Pasha, with more damages at the temple. Nonetheless, the Parthenon still stands evocative and majestic, even if it lost some of its original finesse.
Fact #5: The Parthenon is earthquake-resistant
You may wonder, how come this grand temple on top of a very seismogenic terrain could last more than 2 millennia? The secret that keeps the Parthenon still standing proud, without the slightest damage from the earthquakes that have taken place all those years, has been revealed. Studies have shown that despite the fact that the structure has no foundation, it has triple anti-seismic shielding! That successfully opposes the theory of modern civil engineering, because without even having a foundation, it is triple seismically insulated. This triple insulation is located in different parts of the building. The first point is located on the layers of huge horizontal and extremely smooth marbles on which the Parthenon steps. The second is observed in the metal elastic joints which connect the plates of each layer, and in the center of which are located small iron piles around which lead has been poured (lead has the property of protecting the iron from rust and weakens with its elasticity and absorb any wave, since part of its kinetic energy is converted into heat). And the third is located in the columns of the building, which were not placed in one piece, since the ancient Greeks knew that in order to withstand the vibrations of the earth, they had to be placed in slices of marble, perfectly applied to each other. The result of this triple insulating formula, as Mrs. Timotheou noted, was that the surface seismic waves moved one layer of the marble slabs on top of the other, at the same time that the joints released the kinetic energy developed by the eclipse. The columns - finally - in the way they were placed, allowed the whole building to oscillate but not collapse!
Fact #6: The origin of the Parthenon's name
The word "parthenos" in ancient Greek meant "virgin". In the Greek Pantheon, there were two goddesses that were known for their purity and were also called with the epithet "Virgin"; Artemis, the goddess of hunting and wild nature, and Athena, the goddess of warfare strategy and wisdom. Since the temple was dedicated to goddess Athena, it is reasonable to consider that the Parthenon took its name from the epithet of the Virgin Goddess. However, it has also been suggested that the name of the temple may come from the virgins, whose sacrifice ensured the security of the city. The architects Iktinos and Kallikratis seem to have referred to the building as "Hekatompedos" in their lost treatise on Athenian architecture. Moreover, during the 4th century onwards, the building is referred to as "Hekatompedos" or "Hekatompedon", as well as " Parthenon".
Fact #7: The Parthenon tells stories of Athenian life through its marbles
The sculptural decoration of the Parthenon is a unique masterpiece in the history of world art and is organized in three distinct sections: the metopes, rectangular slabs with relief scenes in the exterior of the colonnade, the frieze at the top of the walls of the nave from the entablatures of the inner columns, and the pediments, which were adorned with compositions of all-sculpted statues.
The Parthenon Metopes
It is an interesting fact to note that the Parthenon is the only temple that has representations on all metopes. The reason we do not find representations in all of the metopes of other temples is purely economic – to cut costs. The ancient Greek sculptor, Pheidias, depicted four themes with mythical battles that symbolized the victorious struggles of the Athenians and are interpreted as follows: on the east, we have the Battle of the Giants (the Gigantomachy), on the west the Battle of the Amazons, on the south the Centauromachy (the battle between the Lapiths and the Centaurs), and on the north possibly scenes from the Trojan War. The four themes actually capture the conflict between two worlds. On the one hand the barbarity and the domination of instincts, that is expressed with the Giants, the Amazons, the Centaurs and the Trojans, and on the other hand the culture, the kindness and the reasoning that the Greek ideals express.
The Gigantomachy
On the east side of the temple, there were 14 metopes. Their subject is the Battle of the Giants. According to Greek mythology, the Giants were the children of the primordial gods Gaia and Uranus. Gaia gave birth to them to avenge Zeus, because he had imprisoned her other children, the Titans, in Tartarus. They were creatures of immense size and power, and could be defeated only outside their territory. Zeus' child, the demi-god Hercules, helped the Olympians in that epic battle.
The Centauromachy
On the south side of the temple, there were 32 metopes. Of these, 23 depict scenes from the Battle of the Centaurs with the Lapiths, and the other 9 various subjects. According to the legend, Pirithous and his friend Theseus were the ones who brought the Lapiths from Thessaly. Pirithous, to celebrate his marriage to Hippodamia, had a party to which he invited the Centaurs, who were his relatives. When the Centaurs got drunk, one of them, Eurytos, tried to rape the fiancée of Pirithous. Eurytos was imitated by other Centaurs and the marriage ended in conflict. The result was that many were lost on both sides. In the end, the Lapiths won, forcing the Centaurs to leave Thessaly. It is said that Theseus, the founding father and hero of Athens, also took part in the battle, as a friend of Pirithous.
The Great Panathenaea
The composition of the Parthenon Frieze generally represents the procession of the Great Panathenaea, the biggest celebration in honor of the patron goddess of Athens, Athena. It was celebrated every 4 years on her birthday (the 28th of the month Hekatombaion). The final event of the celebration was the procession that carried the new veil of the goddess, embroidered with a representation of the Battle of the Giants, to the Acropolis hill. The procession started from the southwest corner of the temple, in two groups that moved along the north and the south side, to meet in the east, where the tradition of the veil for the cult statue of the goddess was depicted before the Olympian gods. It is believed that the frieze depicts the first-ever procession of Panathenaea or the first after the destruction of the Acropolis by the Persians.
Fact #8: The Parthenon housed a colossal statue of Athena
The Parthenon was built in honor of the patroness of the city, goddess Athena, and was designed to fit her colossal ivory statue inside. Athena's statue was placed on a pedestal in the nave of the temple and the core of the statue was made of wood. Pheidias used ivory for the naked parts of the body and for the garment and the hair he used gold weighing 1,140 kilos! Goddess Athena appeared in full armor, looking to the east and holding in her right hand the goddess of victory Nike and in her left hand her shield and spear. The statue was 13 meters high and was equal to the glory and power of Pericles' Athens. Athena Parthenos, like most of Pheidias' works, was a masterpiece. She wore an Attic helmet decorated with mythical animals, a Doric veil and inside her shield was her sacred snake. Throughout the creation, as in the temple of the Parthenon, there were representations of the gigantomachy, the centauromachy and the battle of the Amazons. The Athenians had the opportunity to admire it only during the festivities of the city. It was probably destroyed in the 3rd century AD from a fire that broke out inside the temple.
Fact #9: The architecture of the temple is unique
Another interesting fact about the Parthenon is related to its architectural characteristics. The external dimensions of the temple are a perfect golden rectangle and it is believed that the temple was built with great precision, according to this mathematical analogy of the so-called 'sacred geometry'. The optical illusions are the strongest feature of the temple. Although its columns are discreetly closed inwards to offer a better angle of view from a low point of view, it can effectively eliminate rainwater and have the required seismic reinforcement, due to a very thin productive curve. This architectural marvel has another innovation as well. As it was customary, the Doric temples had 6 columns for the narrow sides and 14 for the long ones. However, in the Parthenon, we have 8 columns on the narrow sides and 17 columns on the long ones. The larger number of columns would create an aesthetic problem if the usual diameter and the usual distance from each other were maintained, which is why the columns became thinner and placed denser. Each column has a height of 10.43 m and an average diameter of 1.91 m. Each consists of 11 vertical pieces. In order to avoid the problems created by the density of the columns in combination with the epistle on the narrow sides, the following solution was found: the distance of the first end of the column from the second is less than the distance of the second and the third. The column is thinner towards the top, but this thinning is done in a dissimilar way. About 1/3 of its height shows a bulge called tension. The intensity gives the impression of a living organism that "suffers" from the weight it lifts.
Fact #10: Some of the Parthenon marbles were taken
The beginning of the 19th century was a dark page in the history of the Parthenon and other Greek monuments. At the time, Greece was under Ottoman rule. The British ambassador in Athens was Thomas Bruce, also known as Lord Elgin, and he immediately set his eyes on the grandeur Acropolis. As it was difficult to approach the Acropolis and the Parthenon at that time, it took six months to allow Elgin's team to enter. The group set up the scaffolding, however, rumors had it that shortly after the Turkish governor lift the entry permit and ordered the group to descend from the Acropolis. To lift the ban and be allowed entry again, Elgin decided to use the influence exerted by his position on the Sultan. Thus, on July 6, 1801, he returned to Athens, together with the gracious, informal letter, the so-called 'Firman of Kaimmecam Pasha', a Turkish official who was replacing the Grand Vizier in Constantinople at the time.
Elgin initially demanded the removal of one of the monument's best-preserved metopes, which was made possible on July 31, 1801, with the help of a carpenter and five other crew members of a British ship. In the process, he wanted to proceed with the removal of the second metope and then the third, and so on. The Turkish authorities in Athens tacitly agreed to this bold move, after bribery, more bribery and blackmail. Elgin's crew from this point exceeded all limits and at a feverish pace from 1801 to 1804, he had taken a huge and unique collection of 56 frieze stones from the Parthenon, 19 pediments and 15 metopes along with some architectural members of the monument. From 1801 to 1804, Elgin's crews operated on the Acropolis, causing significant damage to the sculptures and the monument itself, detaching and dismembering a significant part of the surviving sculptural decoration of the Parthenon. Most of those parts were later acquired by the British Museum and are now exhibited in its Greek section, thousands of miles away from their home. The return of the so-called 'Elgin marbles' is a continuing negotiation between the Greek and the British governments for many decades now. For many years, the British government maintained that Athens had no proper museum to safely house and maintain the valuable marbles. In 2009, the new Acropolis Museum opened, one of the most modern museums in the world with cutting-edge technology for the maintenance of antiquities. However, the British government now claims that the firman of the Turkish official had legal standing and are denying the return of the Parthenon marbles.
When you visit Athens, make sure to book a guided tour of the Acropolis and the Parthenon with a local expert.
Other articles you may like...
Athens Street Art Guide and Which Neighborhoods to Visit
Women in ancient Greece: The role of women in the Classical Period
Best Time to Visit the Acropolis and Why
The Most Famous Greek Dances (video)
One Day in Hydra: Best Things to Do (Insider Guide)
Travel to Greece from USA: All the Direct Flights to Start Off 2022
Kallos: The Ancient Greek Ideal for Beauty
Sparta: Things to do and see in the Greek city
A Sightseeing Itinerary for your Holiday to Mykonos
Things to Do in Athens: The 'must-see' and the local vibes
Customs in Ancient Greece Associated with September
How Athens got its name: The name-giving myth
Eat Like a Local in Athens: 5 Rules to Follow
The Hills of Athens and the Myths Connected to them
Greek Mythology Monsters: Full list and description
Castles of Peloponnese: Discover Medieval Greece
Greek Mythology Books you need to read (for adults & kids)
Best Places to Eat in Athens - Food Guide (by Locals)
Merry Belly! Authentic Greek Christmas Meal (with recipes)
Hercules: The Life and Labors of the Greek Hero
One day in Athens: How to make the most of it
The Greek Gods: Full List and Background
Athens in October: Reasons to Visit Athens This Month
Creating your Dream Vacation with Tailor-made Tours in Greece
Day Trips from Athens - Where the Locals Go
Caryatids: The Daughters of Athens
Monastiraki: Complete Guide and Things to Do
The Buried Rivers of Athens
300: Movie Vs. Reality
Athens Cultural Highlights Off The Beaten Path
Athens City Break For Foodies
6 Greek Myths to Know Before Visiting Athens
10 Landmarks and Monuments You Should Not Miss in Athens
Greece from Home: 10 Ideas for a Virtual Athens Tour
Books on Greek Food and Culture That We Love
The Apple of Discord and the Fairest of Them All
20 Most Famous Greek Mythology Movies
The Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece
Basic Greek Words to Know Before Traveling to Greece
Interview With a Local: Ancient Greek Rituals and the Alternative Athens
The Delphic Idea
Meet the Olympian Gods
The Great Plague of Athens: Lessons from the Past
Best Walking Tours in Athens, Magical Walking Routes
Private Tours in Athens: The Benefits of Booking in Private
Acropolis Tour: Why a Guided Tour is Necessary
9 Things to Know About Eleusis The European Capital of Culture 2023
Battles of Ancient Greeks That Shaped Western Civilization
The Best Places to Enjoy Vegan Food in Athens
9+1 Unique Things to Do in Athens this Summer for Free
Interview With a Local: Athens Through the Prism of Art
The Role of Greek Mythology in the Creation of Athenian Wonders
Mysteries of Ancient Greece You Didn't Know About
10 Reasons Why You Should Join a Food Tour in Athens
Athens for Instagrammers: The Top 30 Photo Locations in Athens
Top 10 Alternative Destinations in Greece
The 10 Best Places to Visit in Greece
10 Sights to Tour in Athens and Bring Greek Mythology to Life
Top 10 Tips to Know Before Traveling to Athens
10 Things to Do in Delphi Home to the Oracle of Apollo
Symposia in Ancient Greece: Reviving the Ancient Custom
30 of the Most Famous Tales from Greek Mythology
Interview with a Local: Greek Neoclassicism and the Unseen Athens
10 Things you didn't Know about Ancient Greeks
48 Hours in Athens: Full Itinerary by Locals - Greek TravelTellers
10+1 Traditional Greek Foods and Drinks to Try when you Visit Greece
10+3 Things to Do in Athens on a Rainy Day
Alternative Things to Do in Athens: Getting Off the Beaten Path in the City of Wonders
Christmas in Athens: Top Things to Do and Know
December in Athens: 4 Reasons why you Should Choose this Month for your Greek Getaway
Interview with a Local: Greek Gastronomy and Athens for Foodies
10+1 Things to Do in Athens to Time Travel to Ancient Greece
How to Travel in Greece Differently: a Guide for Delving Deeper into the Greek Culture
T. +30 698-566-8136
© 2023 Greek TravelTellers. All Rights Reserved.
Registered with the Registry of Tourist Enterprises under No 0261E70000703201
Registration Number 148207003000
Design: k2design | Made by: oneface
If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. To learn more about the cookies we use, visit our Cookies Notice


Las Vegas, NV, United States, January 2019 – Technics today unveiled the new SL-G700 Network / Super Audio CD Player. The SL-G700 is a multi-digital player that covers most of the digital audio media available today, from traditional CD/SACD to the latest high-res and many streaming services, and plays them all back in the highest possible quality.
The quality of the power supply is extremely important for high-fidelity sound reproduction. Power supply noise and supply stability directly affect the quality of sound reproduced from audio signals, particularly for analogue audio output. The SL-G700 is equipped with a dedicated power supply unit for analogue audio output. Its non-feedback switching power supply suppresses switching frequency fluctuation. Combined with the original stabilised power supply circuit, this dedicated power supply unit provides stable power with low noise. The discrete circuit structure does not use any general-purpose ICs but a discrete layout and meticulous tuning provides power optimised for analogue circuits, thus realising a high S/N ratio and superb reproduction, the hallmark of Technics sound.
In the processing of digital audio signals, the quality of the clock affects the sound quality to a large extent. The best power supply for delicate circuitry such as the clock block in the DAC and the audio system clock circuit is one entirely isolated from any noise or fluctuations in the mains supply. Technics has extensive experience in isolating the power supply using a battery. This technology creates ultra-low-noise digital audio interfaces including D/A convertors. Additionally, the audio system clock is supplied from an Ultra-Low Jitter Clock Generator. A low-noise power supply and a high-quality clock circuit realise a sound with highest transparency.
The Optimally Activated Circuit System allows the operation of various digital modules to be stopped – such as those used for display , analogue and digital interfaces – to minimise the noise generated when music is playing.
Generally, the analogue output signal (Balanced/Unbalanced) and headphone output signal are generated by the same D/A circuit. The SL-G700 is equipped with a dedicated D/A circuit for headphones which is independent from that for analogue output. This circuitry incorporates Technics' original sound processing LSI, the JENO Engine (Jitter Elimination and Noise-shaping Optimisation). Complete separation of the analogue output from the headphone output has eliminated the mutual interference between the two circuits that serve different purposes. In addition, each circuit has received the most suitable sound tuning. As a result, both outputs provide maximum performance.
Furthermore, the SL-G700 is equipped with an operation optimisation system that automatically turns on the JENO Engine when a pair of headphones is connected. This eliminates the adverse effect of the analogue output on the sound quality when headphones are not connected.


text:
Osh State University
The Osh State Medical University was founded in 1951. While at the time it was known as Osh Pedagogical State Institute, it was renamed Osh State University following a reorganization in 1992.
Today, the university is home to over 20000 students including 2000+ overseas students. The university has earned a unique reputation for its state-of-the-art infrastructure and dedicated academic staff. The University is recognized by WHO and the MBBS degree from OSU is valid across the world.
Osh State University is particularly popular among Indian students for its affordable fee structure and high-quality education. Among universities in Kyrgyzstan, OshSU has arguably the best learning environment. Medical aspirants can choose from multiple specializations and enjoy excellent career opportunities within as well as outside Kyrgyzstan.
Osh State University: Quick Overview
Acronym: OSU
Locations: OSH, Kyrgyzstan
FOR THE SESSION OF 2021-2022 Osh State University Fee Structure
Unlike the overtly expensive MBBS course of private Indian universities, the MBBS course fee at Osh State University is very affordable. Here's a year-wise breakdown of the MBBS course fee at OSU.
Course fees don't include VISA, Documentation, and hostel charges. You will have to pay them separately.
Course fee has been calculated considering 1USD = 73 INR( Exchange Rate on 28 May 2021).
For any further information, please get in touch with our admission counselor.
Simple and easyAdmission Process in Osh State University
Confirm your interest in joining the MBBS course after you have gone through all details. For any added information you can always contact our admission counselor.
Cross-check once with our counselor and submit all the required documents to start the registration process. These documents will be reviewed by the OSU admission committee.
If you are eligible, the OSU admission committee will issue an admission letter. On receiving the admission letter you must submit the initial tuition fees. The fees must be submitted within 7 days.
Next, the OSU admission committee will issue an invitation letter on behalf of the university. You should receive the invitation letter within 10-15 working days.
Submit the invitation letter along with other documents at the Kyrgyzstan embassy in your region. Our representative will take care of all necessary paperwork and will also guide you during the VISA interview process.
Fly to Kant
Ideally, the VISA is issued within 15 days. Once it is received, you are all set to fly to Osh. Your dream of studying MBBS from a world-class university is now a reality, All the best!
Eligibility Criteria: Osh State University
A candidate must meet the following eligibility criteria to enroll for the MBBS program at Osh State University:
Minimum 17 years at the time of admission
Completed 12th Standard from an English Medium School
Scored 50% or more in PCB (HSC Board Exam)
Qualified NEET 2020-21 exam.
Required Documents: Osh State University
ID Proof (Pan card/Aadhar card)
Note: In case you have to submit any other document, the same can be or will be confirmed by our counselor at the time of your registration.
Osh State University Rankings 2021
As a top-ranked MBBS university, OSU does well across all key quality factors such as infrastructure, learning environment. Faculty-student ratio, internship opportunities, and more. OSU regularly features in the list of top 10 medical universities in Kyrgyzstan.
OSU is ranked 8 in the country
OSU ranks 8915 in the world
The MBBS course at Osh State University is popular for its practical-oriented course curriculum. The course has also earned the trust and approval of leading global organizations such as:
FAIMER
Courses Offered at Osh State University
Medical aspirants can choose from the following disciplines at Osh State University:
Admission Intake: Osh State University
To apply for admission at Osh State University, you can choose between summer intakes or winter intakes.
The application process for summer intakes begins in January. The classes commence from May-June onwards. Ideally, OSU accepts applications till April. However, we suggest that candidates should try to complete the application process by at most the last week of January.
The application for winter intakes begins in May. The number of applicants is less during this time of the year. However, the seats are also limited and it's wise to stay on the safer side and complete the application process as early as possible.
Hostel Facilities at Osh State University
The Osh State University takes very good care of all residing students. Student life at OSU is comfortable and well-balanced. The University campus has indoor sports facilities as well as a modern gymnasium. Other key facilities available to students include:
Spacious and well-furnished rooms (Single/Sharing)
Individual bed, study- table and wardrobe
Separate hostels for boys and girls
Weekly laundry Service
Indoor sports facilities
MBBS Duration at Osh State University
Osh State University offers a 6-year MBBS program. The first five years are academic while the final year is a mandatory internship at a university-affiliated hospital. The course curriculum is designed to offer students all the skills and knowledge required by 21st-century medical professionals.
Here's a brief overview of the subjects taught during the duration of the MBBS course:
Histology, Biochemistry, Pathology, Ophthalmology, Anatomy, Histology, etc.
Cell biology, General Pathology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Analogy, Physiology, and Histology.
Pathology, Pharmacology, and Path Physiology. During the year students are exposed to practice in Anesthesia, Radiology, Psychiatry, Orthopedics, etc
The remaining two years cover a host of biomedical and clinical subjects. These include Pediatrics, General Surgery, Neurology, Oncology, Primary Care Medicine, Obstetrics, Internal medicine, Neurology, Internal Medicine, Gynecology, Psychology, ENT, Emergency Medicine, and Cardiology
The final year of the MBBS course is a mandatory internship at university-affiliated hospitals. Students get first-hand experience in disease diagnosis, treatment, and patient care.
Are you planning to study MBBS abroad? Then you have come to the right place. At Eduream, our team brings you the opportunity to study MBBS from the most preferred global universities.
We have a huge network of top-ranked MBBS universities that offer world-class MBBS education at a very affordable cost. And, yes, you don't have to worry about anything.
From helping you with the paperwork to guiding you during the VISA interview process, our representative will be there by your step in every step of the journey.
All you have to do is select the university of your choice and we will take care of everything else. Ready to start your MBBS journey abroad? Or Want to know more about the admission process? We are always happy to answer all your queries.
Give us a call or fill in the contact form and we will get back to you.
Benefits of Studying MBBS at Osh State University
Osh State University offers a world-class MBBS course at a very low cost. The MBBS course is recognized by WHO which means students are eligible to work in any part of the world after clearing the medical screening test of the respective region. The benefits of studying MBBS at OSU include:
Excellent infrastructure
Affordable tuition fees
MBBS curriculum at par with European Universities
Collaborative learning environment
Ideal student-faculty ratio
Admission based on NEET score alone
Internship opportunities at University-affiliated hospitals
About OSH City
Located in the Fergana Valley, Osh is the second-largest city in Kyrgyzstan. Osh was a key economic center during the silk route period. At the time, Osh was popular among traders for its silk production as well as its fruit and nut forests.
Osh is surrounded by mountains on all sides. It is blessed with a picturesque landscape. The view from Sulayman Too mountain is captivating, to say the least.
Osh is a popular upcoming tourist destination. It attracts travelers from all over the world. There are lots of places to visit in Osh. The most popular ones include Mountain Sulaiman-Too, Abshir Ata Falls, Alay Valley, Jayma bazaar, Lenin Peak. The Sulayman Mountain is a world heritage site and offers a splendid view of the city.
The city is blessed with a pleasant climate. The average high temperature is 30 °C. The cost of living is also very low in Osh, making it an ideal city for students from India and other parts of Southeast Asia.
Is the MBBS Course MCI approved?
The MBBS course at Osh State University is recognized by MCI and WHO among others. Once you complete the course, you will have to clear the MCI screening test and you can start working as a medical professional in any part of India.
How long can the VISA process take?/span>
Ideally, you should get the student VISA within 10-15 working days. But in some cases, the VISA process can take longer to complete. That's why completing your registration process at the earliest will put you in a safe spot and you won't have to worry about anything.
Should I prepare for IELTS/TOEFL?
No, there is no need for you to prepare for IELTS or TOEFL. You need to clear the NEET exam. For Indian-origin students, the NEET score is the only criteria for admission.
Will I have good Indian food during my stay?
Food is not going to be an issue for you. The university has Indian cooks that are in charge of preparing food for students from India. The mess serves great quality and delicious Indian food three times a day.
Will Communication be an Issue?
The faculty at Osh State University speaks fluent English. The Medium of teaching for MBBS students is strictly English. The local population in Osh can also understand English. So you should face no trouble communicating with anyone within the campus or outside of it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: With golang how can I generate a rsa certificates then export the private key to a pfx file and the public key to a cer file I'd like to generate some certificates by golang, but stuck with a problem.
When I do that in php, it maybe like those codes:
$privkey = openssl_pkey_new([
    'digest_alg' => 'des3',
    'private_key_bits' => 1024,
    'private_key_type' => OPENSSL_KEYTYPE_RSA

]);
$csr = openssl_csr_new([
    "countryName" => "EN",
    "stateOrProvinceName" => "province",
    "localityName" => "city",
    "organizationName" => "org",
    "organizationalUnitName" => "org",
    "commonName" => "name",
], $privkey, ['digest_alg' => 'des3']);

$x509 = openssl_csr_sign($csr, null, $privkey, $days=3650, ['digest_alg' => 'des3']);

openssl_x509_export_to_file($x509, "/path/to/pub.cer");
openssl_pkcs12_export_to_file($x509, "/path/to/pri.pfx", $privkey, "password");

And now with golang I can only create the private key but don't know what to do next.Help me please and many thanks.
func main() {
    keyBytes, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, bitSize)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    if err := keyBytes.Validate(); err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    dn := pkix.Name{
        Country:            []string{"EN"},
        Organization:       []string{"org"},
        OrganizationalUnit: []string{"org"},
        Locality:           []string{"city"},
        Province:           []string{"province"},
        CommonName:         "name",
    }
    asn1Dn, err := asn1.Marshal(dn)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    template := x509.CertificateRequest{
        Raw:                asn1Dn,
        SignatureAlgorithm: x509.SHA256WithRSA,
    }

    csrBytes, err := x509.CreateCertificateRequest(rand.Reader, &template, keyBytes)
    // how to do with csrBytes next?
}

A: Finally I resolved the problem by myself. Now I should write the answer for others face the same issue.
The solution is using software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 which provides function Encode to encode given bytes data created from x509.CreateCertificate.
Look at the example codes below:
func main() {
    keyBytes, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 1024)

    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    if err := keyBytes.Validate(); err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    template := &x509.Certificate{
        SerialNumber: big.NewInt(1),
        Subject: pkix.Name{
            Country:            []string{"EN"},
            Organization:       []string{"org"},
            OrganizationalUnit: []string{"org"},
            Locality:           []string{"city"},
            Province:           []string{"province"},
            CommonName:         "name",
        },
    }

    derBytes, err := x509.CreateCertificate(rand.Reader, template, template, &keyBytes.PublicKey, keyBytes)

    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(derBytes)

    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    pfxBytes, err := pkcs12.Encode(rand.Reader, keyBytes, cert, []*x509.Certificate{}, pkcs12.DefaultPassword)

    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    // see if pfxBytes valid
    _, _, _, err = pkcs12.DecodeChain(pfxBytes, pkcs12.DefaultPassword)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    if err := ioutil.WriteFile(
        "/path/to/pri.pfx",
        pfxBytes,
        os.ModePerm,
    ); err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
}

Everyone can find the source code in my github repo yuchanns/gobyexample

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


GCSAA Associate Director, Member Relations R. Scott Woodhead, a past president of the association, announced that he will be resigning from the association staff effective Sept. 15, to pursue other opportunities..
A former golf course superintendent, Woodhead served as the association's president in 2000.
Lawrence, Kan. (Aug. 29, 2017) – Golf Course Superintendents Association of America (GCSAA) Associate Director, Member Relations R. Scott Woodhead, a past president of the association, announced that he will be resigning from the association staff, effective Sept. 15.
A certified golf course superintendent, Woodhead joined the GCSAA staff in 2002 following the conclusion of his role as past president. A 35-year member of GCSAA, he had a two-decade career as a superintendent, including 13 years at Valley View Golf Club in Bozeman, Mont., and one year as director of golf course operations for the city of Dickenson, N.D., where Woodhead worked prior to joining the national association's staff.
He was an active member and past president of the Peaks & Prairies chapter of GCSAA before becoming involved in association governance on the national level, and was elected GCSAA President in 2000. Woodhead will continue his membership with the association as a Life Member (Class AA).
As associate director, member relations, Woodhead served as a key resource and advocate for members and managed membership recruitment and retention. He also provided expertise in GCSAA's governance and election policy.
"It has been a wonderful 15 years as a staff member, but it is time for me to make a change," Woodhead said. "I look forward to continuing to support everyone at GCSAA as a Class AA member and past president.
A native of Yakima, Wash., and graduate of Montana State University, Woodhead and his wife, Valerie, plan to return to that area in the future. Evans will share plans for identifying a replacement at a later date.


text:
Emergencies & Closings
Emergencies and School Closing Information
As an elementary district serving young children, we recognize that you rely on us to keep our schools open, providing that it is safe to do so.
In the unlikely event of a school closing or Late Arrival Day, we will notify parents in a number of ways:
Emergency notification through texting messaging, phone call, and email
TV/Radio announcements through the Emergency School Closing Center.
Our emergency notification System integrates with PowerSchool (our Student Information System) and broadcasts messages using contact information (e.g., home phone, cell phone, and/or email address) provided by parents/guardians during online student registration.
Please understand there can be temporary delays when communication lines are stretched beyond capacity, such as when high volumes of messages are sent throughout the United States. Emergency notifications are sent to phone numbers and email addresses stored in our PowerSchool Student Information System that are provided by parents and staff.
We use the Emergency School Closing Center to broadcast information on local TV and AM radio stations. Search for our facilities Dist #103 Lincolnshire-Prairie View District; Daniel Wright; Half Day; Laura Sprague. These broadcasts may only update information in 30-minute intervals. AM Radio: WGN (720); WBBM (780) TV Stations: CBS 2; NBC 5; ABC 7; WGN 9; FOX 32.


First there was a Firefly. It turned into a (very) low-power JCM800. Then it became the EF-Bomb. Then the EF-Bomb split into a high-voltage and low-voltage version. The high-voltage version became two. One became a mini 5F6A Bassman. The other became a test bench, which then became a "Ten Watt Vox" made entirely of pentode/triode combos. The Ten Watt Vox was sacrificed and became the original high-gain 8-watter. Then the unstable one-trick-pony high gain preamp got chucked in favor of a boostrapped 7199 pentode/CF preamp. It's heavily rectified like a Marshall, Voxy with its LTPI and no NFB, and tweed Fendery with its cathodyne PI. Wait, did he really just mention two different phase inverters?
Yep, the phase inverters are switchable. In one mode, the preamp pushes into a fairly Vox-like LTPI. In the other mode, the preamp pushes another gain stage into a very Fender-like cathodyne PI. In either case it doesn't take a whole lot to drive the sensitive ECL86 power pentodes.
Something that's really neat about the 7199 in comparison to the EF86 is that it can put out 3 times the current. In this circuit I biased the 7199 pentode so that its idle (average) current delivery is greater than the maximum current draw of the 7199 triode cathode follower, even at grid conduction. This allows the pentode to "punch through" or "drive past" the typical gain restrictions presented by the rest of the circuit – instead of just clipping or hard-compressing at the current-driven limit, the pentode has the juice to actually push the cathode follower positive, yielding more harmonic overdrive than an EF86 can deliver. And that's still before we get to the bootstrap.
Bootstrapping a DC-coupled cathode follower on a gain stage is a really neat trick – it involves splitting the first stage's plate load into two parts (usually in half – it seems to be the "magic ratio"). The regular load output is sent to the cathode follower which acts as a load buffer. The output of the CF is then injected back into the plate load at that halfway point, which in turn "pulls up" the plate signal to 1.5x its original size. That larger signal goes back out to the cathode follower and takes another pass through the loop… eventually an equilibrium point is reached where increased current draw is causing enough compression to prevent any further increase in gain. Now remember how I biased the pentode to push out more current than the CF (load) can dissipate? The equilibrium point is never reached on its own, so this circuit can amplify until it runs out of supply voltage! For the sake of preserving the valve we have to keep the supply voltage low to prevent arcing and shorting our internal elements. The maximum heater-to-cathode rating of 200v, plus the heater DC elevation (10v), is almost exactly what I'm using as the B+ (212v).
The Gain control provides a variable boostrap between the pentode and cathode follower. The Gain pot is also a push/pull switch that puts the 7199 into what I call "effective triode" mode – as far as the AC signal goes it looks like a triode, but DC biasing (for both cathode and screen voltage) is completely unaffected. I'm not totally sold on its sonics though, so it may be replaced with something better.
Here's a quick & dirty sound clip courtesy of my cell phone and a '52 Tele Reissue in middle position. This shows the gain difference between Triode vs Pentode mode, Bootstrap vs no Bootstrap. The bootstrap adds a LOT of gain in pentode mode!


I don't know anyone who has used an attorney to close on a house in PA. It's one of the perks!
It was an easy close on our house in Big Bass Lake. They told us how much to draw a check for prior to the closing. We sat at the realtor's office for 40 minutes, and the deal was done. No attorney present, much different from NY.
We closed at the title company and felt quite comfortable with the whole process. We are also from Long Island and have only been accustomed to having a lawyer present at closings. I have to say though, the person at the title company was quite thorough.
Same with our Title Co.
Coming from LI...I can understand the OP's apprehension We we a bit scared as on LI you need a lawyer just to pass gas . I am glad we went without one, it was a good experience.
We were coming from NYC. It is so different - everything is so adversarial there! Like you're the Hatfields and the McCoys rather than just 2 people transferring property. We barely spoke to the buyers of my husband's old house and in PA the previous owner gave us all great information about taking care of the place.
We were lucky with our closing on our Bushkill house as it was a short sale and the seller moved out of state and wasn't there. But I know what you mean, when we sold my Mom's house,the seller sat across from us and looked and treated us like we were the enemy.
Interesting. Could it be the difference between NY people and PA people? I'm kidding!!! I'm kidding!!!
I've only bought one house in my life and although I knew the sellers, they weren't in attendance at the closing. Their attorney was there and he was far more helpful than my own attorney, with answering a couple of questions I had.
Perhaps, in the cases above, the sellers were unhappy about having to give up their homes, thus the perceived animosity. Just a thought.
Ooops! Just realized that in Irish Eyes' case, they were the sellers. Guess I'm not as smart as I thought.
... Guess I'm not as smart as I thought.


Lydia took up the drums at age 8 in her home county of Shropshire. At the age of 18 she moved to Birmingham to study a jazz degree at Birmingham Conservatoire under the guidance of first Study tutors Jeff Williams, the late Tony Levin, Paul Clarvis and Andrew Bain. She graduated in 2010 and now splits her time between teaching and playing.
She has been fortunate to be able to tour across the uk and Europe on numerous occasions and has played at many Major UK festivals like Glastonbury and Cambridge Folk. She has also performed live on BBC 6 Music, BBC WM, BBC Radio Shropshire and Radio Bremen (Germany).
Lydia currently teaches at Wolverhampton Grammar School, Adams Grammar School and Birmingham Conservatoire. She also teaches privately but on a highly selective basis.


Mayflower Transit Agent Hidden, moving company, listed under "Moving Companies" category, is located at 1222 E Howell Ave Anaheim CA, 92805 and can be reached by 9492222269 phone number. Mayflower Transit Agent Hidden has currently 0 reviews.
Browse all Moving Companies in Anaheim CA. Discover census data for Anaheim, CA.


Carroll Brian Attorney is one of lawyers - adoption divorce & family law (lawyers - adoption divorce & family law) we can find in Marysville, Kansas. Located at 707 Broadway, 66508. You can contact them by phone at (785)562-2412.	Or by fax via (785)562-1184.
10 website users and contributor has written a review about Carroll Brian Attorney. Scroll down the page to see them. Remember, don't always believe info on internet, to see the real condition of Carroll Brian Attorney, please visit the real place.


text:
Q: How to correctly create carthage cartfile? I'm looking into cartfile. Can't wait to "simply create a cartfile" like all the instructions say to do.
Only... how do you "simply" create a Cartfile?
I've created a plain text document, named it cartfile and copied some dependencies in it.
Ran carthage update inside my root project directory
Get this error: "No such file in directory"
Downloaded an example carthage project and the Cartfile is actually an executable.. So how do I "simply create" a Cartfile, cause there aren't any instructions on how to

A: From the command line, navigate to your project directory.
touch Cartfile

Now the Cartfile is created, make it executable with:
chmod +x [YourDirectory/Cartfile]

You can open it with any text editor. Then insert whatever library and source you want (Example: github "SwiftyJSON/SwiftyJSON" >= 2.1.2)

A: Carthage Tutorial: Getting Started is a must read. It explains things much better than the Carthage documentation does.
Steps

*

*In a Terminal, cd to the root directory of the project that you want to add the framework to. This should be the same directory as your *.xcodeproj file.
cd ~/Path/To/Your/Project/

*Create an empty file called Cartfile like this:
touch Cartfile

*Open that file with Xcode:
open -a Xcode Cartfile

*Paste the framework info that you need into the Cartfile. For example:
github "stephencelis/SQLite.swift" ~> 0.10.1

*Close the file in Xcode and in Terminal run the following command to make Carthage update the dependencies in your project. (You should still be in the same directory as your Cartfile.)
carthage update --platform iOS

Notes

*

*Using the method above, there is no need to change the execution permissions of the Cartfile.

*You will still need to add the framework link to your project before you can use it. See the tutorial I linked to at the top for more information.

A: Install by running below command if carthage is not installed.
brew install carthage

A: if you are using for the first time carthage
download the package first
Download the latest Carthage pkg and of course run it to install it.
and follow above steps
2 In a Terminal, cd to the root directory of the project that you want to add the framework to. This should be the same directory as your *.xcodeproj file.
cd ~/Path/To/Your/Project/

*Create an empty file called Cartfile like this:

touch Cartfile
4.Open that file with Xcode:
open -a Xcode Cartfile
5.Paste the framework info that you need into the Cartfile. For example:
github "stephencelis/SQLite.swift" ~> 0.10.1
6.Close the file in Xcode and in Terminal run the following command to make Carthage update the dependencies in your project. (You should still be in the same directory as your Cartfile.)
carthage update --platform iOS

A: Cartfile is a usual text file without any extensions. You can create it using any possibilities like command line or any applications. This file is case sensitive.
If you create cartfile(from lower case) or Cartfile.txt(with extension) and run carthage update you get something like this:
2021-04-23 17:00:27.692 carthage[94911:3694738] INFO: fetch-response is unable to open the file /Users/alex/Library/Caches/carthage/fsCachedData/F1841822-AACC-4E8A-ACB0-D801D3C72063. Errno: 2
Failed to read file or folder at <some_path>/Cartfile: Error Domain=NSCocoaErrorDomain Code=260 "The file "Cartfile" couldn't be opened because there is no such file." UserInfo={NSFilePath=<some_path>/Cartfile, NSUnderlyingError=0x7ff8f7727240 {Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=2 "No such file or directory"}}

To check extension
Right click on Cartfile -> Get Info -> [Name & Extension:]
//you are able to remove the extension here


text:
Q: Why isn't Ghost.py loading/running my Javascript? Ghost.py is supposed to run JS: http://jeanphix.me/Ghost.py/
require.js gets fetched over http, but as far as I can tell it doesn't get run, since "js/main.built" never gets fetched and none of its specified JS files get loaded. It all works perfectly in a real browser.
In [51]: ghost = Ghost(wait_timeout=60)

In [52]: page, resources = ghost.open(url)

In [53]: [r.url for r in resources]
Out[53]:
[PyQt4.QtCore.QUrl(u'https://example.com/#consume/283e6571bcecf34143cbd60f35e0464b'),
 PyQt4.QtCore.QUrl(u'https://example.com/css/ui.css'),
 PyQt4.QtCore.QUrl(u'https://example.com/css/colorpicker.css'),
 PyQt4.QtCore.QUrl(u'https://example.com/css/selectize.default.css'),
 PyQt4.QtCore.QUrl(u'https://example.com/css/datepicker.css'),
 PyQt4.QtCore.QUrl(u'https://example.com/css/site.css'),
 PyQt4.QtCore.QUrl(u'https://example.com/css/jquery.fileupload-ui.css'),
 PyQt4.QtCore.QUrl(u'https://example.com/css/style.css'),
 PyQt4.QtCore.QUrl(u'https://example.com/css/bootstrap.css'),
 PyQt4.QtCore.QUrl(u'https://example.com/css/redactor.css'),
 PyQt4.QtCore.QUrl(u'https://example.com/js/lib/require.js')]

In [54]: ghost.con
ghost.confirm  ghost.content

In [54]: ghost.content
Out[54]: u'<!DOCTYPE html>\n    <meta charset="utf-8">\n    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">\n    <title>Ving</title>\n\n    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/ui.css">\n    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.css">\n    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/colorpicker.css">\n    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/redactor.css">\n    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/site.css">\n    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/selectize.default.css">\n    \n    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css">\n    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/datepicker.css">\n    \n    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/jquery.fileupload-ui.css">\n    \n    \n  \n\n  \n
\n      \n

\n
\n    \n

\n    \n\n  \n\n'

In [55]:

I also tried loading "https://mail.google.com/":
In [7]: url='https://mail.google.com/'

In [8]: ghost = Ghost(wait_timeout=60)

In [9]: page, resources = ghost.open(url)

In [10]: ghost.content
Out[10]: u'<meta http-equiv="Refresh" content="0;URL=https://mail.google.com/mail/">'

In [11]:

A: As require.js loads stuff asynchronously, you have to wait for a custom condition, e.g.:
g = Ghost()
g.open(url, wait=False)
page, resources = g.wait_for_text('something made by require.js')

A: Try running ghost from a python program instead of from ipython or other interactive prompt. This seems to be an issue either with ghost or qt.


text:
Five Situations Horror Characters Get Themselves Into (and What Would Happen in Real Life)
Column by Raine Winters	October 8, 2015	1 comment
Clichés and tropes abound in horror movies. No matter what film you go to see on Halloween night, it always seems like something predictable happens at least once: the blonde girl trips while running from the serial killer; the car doesn't start at the worst possible moment; a group of victims brainstorm the brilliant idea to split up. There are whole lists of faux pas our favorite movies make, even if we enjoy screaming right along with the characters while they're being committed.
But what about those common plot scenarios that occur in horror literature? The overuse of tropes in books can be more complex and harder to identify at first. Oftentimes they don't appear as a simple warning that a character ignores, or a scary sound someone rashly goes off to investigate. Some of them, even though overdone, actually enhance a story rather than hinder it. Still, the hijinks a horror character may get themselves into can seem pretty unrealistic at times, even if it makes for a satisfying twist in the narrative.
Here we examine five common situations horror characters in literature often come across, and how the IRL version would go down. Warning: Spoilers may appear.
1) That asshole character that did something really mean gets his comeuppance.
Ahh, karma: that mystical force one hopes to summon every time someone does you wrong. That guy who cuts you in the coffee shop line? May he be given decaf! That jerk who steals your taxi at the airport? An exorbitant fare for you, good sir! At least, that's how we all wish life would go. It isn't often that people actually get what's coming to them—unless you're a fictional character in horror literature, that is.
Karmic retribution always gives us the best feels when we need them most, especially in horror literature.
Just about every horror fan has read a book where a terrible character meets an even more terrible fate. In books, that guy who cut you in the coffee line is axe-murdered, and that taxi-stealing jerk is disemboweled. Take Stephen King's Misery, for example. Annie Wilkes, a killer fan who abducts her favorite writer and subjects him to an array of torturous acts, is choked with pages she believes to be the very novel she kidnapped him to write for her. In The Girl from the Well by Rin Chupeco, a child rapist and murderer kidnaps one of the main characters, only to set loose a vengeful spirit who tears him into pieces. And finally, in one of the most trope-filled series I've ever heard of, The Dresden Files, an antagonist named Victor Sells is attacked by the same demonic forces he invoked to kill the main character in Storm Front.
In real life, we wouldn't be so lucky. Chances are Annie Wilkes would've gotten away with murder, and Chupeco's Turk would be scarred for life or end up dead. I like to pretend Harry Dresden would still come out the champion, though—because let's face it, he's pretty badass—but I don't have high hopes. Still, karmic retribution always gives us the best feels when we need them most, especially in horror literature.
2) Some idiot decides to piss off the most powerful character in the book.
Every time I come across this one, I can't help but cringe. Often used to evoke sympathy for a villain, the tactic never ends well for the supporting cast. Ripping another example straight from Stephen King's repertoire, Carrie features a mother who ruthlessly abuses her daughter even though she knows Carrie has the power to kill her using only her mind. While Carrie is mercilessly teased by her peers throughout the story, at least they're perpetrating the abuse out of woeful ignorance; Margaret, on the other hand, is basically poking an angry bear with a big stick. That said, King wields this trope with excellency, and the book wouldn't be the same without it.
For any situations that arise in real life, people, let it be known: general practice dictates that you should avoid teasing serial killers. The average human being is usually smart enough to acknowledge this as common sense, but it's best I make that point clear just in case.
3) Someone decides to head down to the basement.
The word "basement" is a red flag in horror literature. When I come across it in a book, I usually make sure I read the rest of the chapter in a well-lit room with all the doors and windows locked. Nothing good ever happens in a cellar. EVER.
My favorite example of this can be found in Neil Gaiman's Coraline. I don't know how scary this book is to kids (I've heard it's more terrifying for adults), but as soon as she goes into the basement, you know you're in for an unpleasant surprise. There she finds the Other Father, who dutifully tries to murder her. The Road by Cormac McCarthy also features a horrifying basement sequence where the protagonists come across a cannibalistic butcher shop while they're foraging for food. And don't get me started on Madeleine Roux's Asylum, in which the entirety of the plot is centered on a forgotten, underground chamber in a mental-institution-turned-prep-school-dorm. It's true that including a basement scene in a horror novel is a sure way to get a good scare out of the reader, but the problem lies in the fact that we will always know what's coming as soon as the character takes his or her first step down those creaky, cobweb-covered stairs.
So how do basements go on an everyday basis? Pretty much the same, actually, which is why I don't even have one. Basements are scary as fuck, even in real life. I wouldn't be surprised if every serial killer or psychopath had a secret cellar where they kept their victims locked away—which actually happened in Austria once, so yeah:
NEVER. GO. IN. BASEMENTS. Just don't.
4) A skeptic refuses to believe in the supernatural threat.
General practice dictates that you should avoid teasing serial killers. The average human being is usually smart enough to acknowledge this as common sense.
If you ever have the occasion to become a character of horror literature and somehow find yourself trapped within the pages of a book, please remember to keep an open mind. Not doing so could result in a horrible death, just like Eddie Corcoran in the iconic novel It—the third and final King reference I'll make here. The child Eddie refuses to believe the monster is real, and still insists it's a person in costume—even going as far as to search for the monster's zipper—up until the moment he is killed.
The "nonbeliever" is a common character in supernatural horror, as well as in other genres of fantasy literature, and I often feel they are inserted just to be the Scully to a book's Mulder. By denying the very evil that runs rampant throughout the plot, it sometimes becomes all too easy for the reader to discern what lurks in the darkness: ghosts versus a more human-based threat. The more a character denies the supernatural, the more the reader believes the contrary, and vice versa. However, if done well, this trope can actually help create a multi-faceted narrative, as was done in A Head Full of Ghosts by Paul Tremblay. With a cast full of doubters, believers, and skeptics—even in the face of overwhelming evidence as told by an unreliable narrator—the reader can never quite put a finger on whether the external evil is corporeal or otherworldly.
In real life most threats, just like characters, are very similar to those found in Tremblay's novel: grayer in nature rather than clearly black or white. Most of us are both Scully and Mulder at the same time, believing in some myths but choosing to discount others. I'm not usually one to see ghosts where there are only white sheets, but if I ever stumble upon a monster in the darkness, I'm sure as hell not going to question what I'm seeing—and you damn well better believe I'm going to run.
5) A character is told of his or her fate, only to miss the point entirely.
You know this plot theme well, I bet. The main protagonist is given a very cryptic message by the antagonist, only to misinterpret said clue entirely, no matter how obvious it seems to the reader. The result usually leads the character to a terrible fate. This is a classic scenario best illustrated by Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. The infamous monster, distraught over Victor Frankenstein destroying his mate, tells Victor he'll be with him on his wedding night. Victor assumes what he thinks is the worst—that the monster means to kill him on the night in question—and thus waits outside his honeymoon retreat with a shotgun for defense. In the end he discovers a fate worse than his own demise; while he was waiting outside, the monster was inside murdering his bride, just as Victor killed his. In theory, a veiled clue can provide excellent foreshadowing, but it's a balance of phrasing. Be too obvious, and the reader guesses the true intent before the character does; be too vague, and you just confuse the hell out of everyone.
In everyday practice, however, this concept doesn't hold up to testing. Victor would probably still load his shotgun, but he'd also give his bride a pistol just to be safe. A vague threat typically leads one to overly cautious behavior.
Are there any overused scenarios you've found in horror literature, or more examples of those listed above? If so, comment below and share your input on the tropes and clichés found in any spine-tingling books you may have read!
The Girl from the Well
Manufacturer: Sourcebooks Fire
Column by Raine Winters
Raine lives in Cleveland, Ohio and works as a freelance writer and graphic artist. From an early age she has harbored a love of reading and writing, and is lucky enough to incorporate both into her daily work routine. Raine is a lover of all things fantasy and horror related, has a soft spot in her heart for middle grade and young adult fiction, and spends most of her free time running, wakesurfing, or wrangling in her husband and three cats while they perpetrate a massive amount of mischief around the house.
Follow @raine_winters
The Top 10 Scenes In Literature To Bring You Terrorsleep: Part 1
LURID: It's Alive! The Top 10 Mad Scientists of Literature!
10 Children's Books That Are (still) Frightening To Adults
LURID: Books, Covers, Judgment - Top Ten Horror Designs
6 Ways Non-Writerly Spouses Help Improve Your Craft
8 of the Worst (and Best) Book-to-Film Adaptations
The Medicated Writer
Six Ways Pets Improve Your Writing
Writing through PTSD: A Personal Account
Dwayne	from Cincinnati, Ohio (suburbs) is reading books that rotate to often to keep this updated October 12, 2015 - 7:51pm
The power of love/lust is stronger - X is not possible, because SCIENCE, but twue luv over comes not just the odds but the laws of physics.
We Think You'll Like This Class
Write What You Fear with Gemma Files
Personal experience is the grit from which horror's most resonant pearls are grown. Get to the root of what scares you and produce a submission-ready story in this three-week workshop.


The New Democratic Party platform promises "increased Canadian drama." They meant TV drama, of course — Danger Bay and the like — but mission accomplished, nonetheless. Friday's daily Nanos tracking poll has Jack Layton nipping at Stephen Harper's heels, and it's not an outlier, but the new normal. Nothing about Mr. Layton, who's as conventional a left-wing retail politician as you're likely to come across, has ever been nearly this exciting.
That the NDP surge is happening isn't surprising. It's downright traditional, as is the mass exodus to the Liberals that usually follows in the dying days of a campaign. It's the size of this year's surge that's dropping jaws, and the fact that it's coming primarily from Quebec — even though the province might in fact be the most logical epicentre for an orange revolution.
Mr. Layton is, after all, the only (nominally) federalist leader from Quebec. Despite an accent that's been mocked as that of a used car salesman, he's straight out of white-collar Hudson, just west of Montreal, where he was born in 1950 to a family steeped in provincial politics. Mr. Layton's grandfather, Gilbert, was a minister in premier Maurice Duplessis' Union Nationale government; he resigned in 1939 over the government's opposition to conscription. Mr. Layton's father, Robert, was an organizer for a Liberal cabinet minister under premier Jean Lesage, and later was a Progressive Conservative MP.
Mr. Layton cut his political teeth on the streets of Montreal at the height of the separatist movement in 1970. He was a member of the Front d'Action Politique (FRAP), a left-wing, grassroots municipal party opposed to autocratic mayor Jean Drapeau. FRAP went so far as to endorse the FLQ manifesto, though it did object to the FLQ's tactics. You know, the whole terrorism thing.
But it's not just that Mr. Layton has always understood Quebec, and had mingled with its nationalists and radicals. As recently as 2003, as Michel Vastel reported in L'Actualité, Mr. Layton was deliberately gladhanding amongst Bloc- and Parti Québécois-friendly organizations, and developing the hybrid nationalist/federalist rhetoric that Canadians now hear on the campaign trail.
A party obsessed with minority rights now supports extending Bill 101 language laws to cover workers in Quebec under federal jurisdiction. A staunchly centralist party now supports devolving powers to Quebec. Mr. Layton's support for the Clarity Act has never been warmer than tepid; of late, he's been declaring nothing stronger than a general preference for a "No" vote in a referendum.
It shouldn't be all that much of a surprise. "We will need people who work with other progressive parties," Mr. Layton told Mr. Vastel eight years ago. "In the case of those who promote sovereignty, we'll have to see, but I don't hold it against them." So far in this campaign, that attitude is paying off in spades.
Mr. Layton's first elected position came in 1982, when the then-Ryerson professor was elected to Toronto City Council. (Mr. Layton, like Michael Ignatieff, has a PhD. No one seems to have ever held it against him.) The impression he left on Toronto politics is more or less the one he still makes now — energetic, grandstanding and eager to please.
As a councillor, he criticized police raids on gay bathhouses. As chair of the Board of Health, he took up the AIDS cause. He opposed the city's Olympic bid, spending taxpayer money on what would eventually become SkyDome, and commercial developments in the downtown railway lands that, he said, would benefit fat cat developers. ("People are tired of glitzy condos, fancy domes and more limousines," he said in 1988.) He was against Sunday shopping, because 1980s society provided more than a week's worth of crass commercialism in six days.
Mr. Layton was not above some pointless left-wing symbolism. He wanted to make Toronto "gun-free." He insisted the city adopt a nuclear non-proliferation stance, and was chairman of the city's Peace Committee. In 1989, he supported a move to have Toronto adopt Volgograd as a twin city — and responded to critics at a City Council meeting by comparing Soviet human rights abuses to those perpetrated by Canada against aboriginals. Some in attendance suggested he move to Russia.
As leery as centrist Canadians might be of this record, thus far, Mr. Layton's previous experience in a collaborative, party-free political environment has served him well. All agree he's an excellent campaigner in a sound bite age. He bounds about, railing against the powers that be, promising things he reasonably assumes he'll never have to implement, telling people more or less whatever they want to hear. And between elections, every now and again, he gets to offer a minority government his support in return for some progressive-minded policies.
green MPs to deal with.
Watching Mr. Layton on the campaign trail, there's no reason to doubt he's ready for his close-up. Whether Canadians are ready for Mr. Layton, or even know what they might be getting, is another question entirely.


text:
Investigating Visual Monitoring of the Scrotum as a Supplementary Tool for Boar Semen Quality Evaluation
Vet Sci. 2022 Dec 24;10(1):9. doi: 10.3390/vetsci10010009.
Farm animals behavior research uses video cameras, mainly for visual observation and recording. The purpose of this feasibility study was to enrich the predictable methods of boar semen production capacity by correlating sperm variables with the scrotal contractions (SC) frequency and intensity. A video camera was used to record the reaction of the scrotum during ejaculation. The respective collected ejaculates were evaluated and semen parameters, such as viability, morphology, membranes functional integrity and kinematics, were determined. The camera recorded the scrotal contractions/relaxations and the video was handled by the Image Processing Toolbox of Matlab (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA, USA). The SC intensity was verified as a percentage change in the scrotum size among the video frames of maximum contraction and relaxation. The archived data from the frames were analyzed statistically, using a linear mixed effects model that involved sperm assessed parameters. Correlations of the SC intensity with the average path velocity, VAP (R2 = 0.591, p = 0.043) and with the percentage of the cytoplasmic droplets (R2 = 0.509, p = 0.036) were noticed. Previous studies reported the positive correlation of VAP with the number of live-born piglets. In conclusion, video monitoring of the boar scrotal function during ejaculation is useful, but more research is needed to establish its appropriateness as a supplementary method for the prognosis of boar ability to produce high-quality semen.
PMID:36669010 | DOI:10.3390/vetsci10010009
← A Guide for Selection of Genetic Instruments in Mendelian Randomization Studies of Type 2 Diabetes and HbA1c: Toward an Integrated Approach → Do Calving-Related Injuries of the Vestibulum Vaginae and the Vagina Affect the Reproductive Performance in Primiparous Dairy Cows?


JACKSON, Mississippi -- Police have found the body of a Mississippi teen they say was shot and abducted Sunday night, reports CBS affiliate WJTV, and a suspect is under arrest in the case.
Seventeen-year-old Katelyn Beard's remains were found Tuesday morning in a rural area north of Jackson, shortly after police found some of her clothes. The coroner said Katelyn's body was in the advanced stages of decomposition and that she has been dead approximately two days, according to the station.
The Mississippi Highway Patrol issued an Amber Alert on Sunday night for Beard. Police say 19-year-old Dewayne Thompson shot Beard at a Jackson home, put her in a vehicle and drove away, reports the station.
Thompson was reportedly charged with assault, kidnapping, and auto theft and captured Monday evening after a manhunt. Before the teen's body was found, police had considered Beard to be seriously injured, reports the station. Green said the aggravated assault charge will be upgraded.
"There were indicators inside the residence - blood and other evidence that indicated that a shooting did take place, possibly with this victim," Green told the station.
Jackson police found her car, with a Greene County license plate, Monday morning in west Jackson, less than a mile from where she was taken. Thompson was arrested hours later after he was found in a vacant home nearby.
Green said Thompson helped in the search for Beard.


High-quality internal links and backlinks are very vital in search engine ranking. Most search engines rank sites that link back to authority sites higher than those without backlinks.
For instance, Google's criteria for ranking websites is based on the usability of a web page. If your site is deemed helpful to visitors, it is ranked high. Google and other search engines rank sites that link to authority sites higher because you cannot link back to any authority site unless you offer high-quality content.
But how exactly do you build links and backlinks to the important sites? Here is a step by step guide to help you build links and backlinks to authority sites.
If your target is to rank on the first page of Google, you should start by finding out who sits at the top. Use the relevant keywords to determine your closest competitors.
Search on Google with the primary keywords to determine which sites rank in the top positions. The sites that rank in the top position are your competitors. Your aim should be to replace the top ranking sites with your own.
Use Ahrefs or Monitor Backlinks to find out what sites make links on your competitors. Now that you know who are your top competitors, it is time to find out more about them. Using Ahrefs or Monitor Backlinks, you can determine who makes the links on your competitors' sites.
There are many backlink generating apps online. However, if you do not find the right one, you can invest a lot of money without success. The best way is to determine the best by spying on your competitors.
Ahrefs gives you an insight into your competitor's website. You can see the sites that your competitor links to and determine how much traffic they generate. You can also determine who creates the backlinks and start using their services to improve your site's ranking.
Phone number lookup is an app that will help you find out more information about your competitor's. Such an app can perform phone number search to help you find out more information about competitors.
Use Spokeo to search for the social media profiles of your close competitors. Most people generate a lot of traffic via social media. Spokeo will help you find out more information about the social media profiles where your competitors post links.
This is another great way to get your website linking to many authority sites. You have to perform a web search to find any broken links within your niche. If you find a resource that is no longer available, create content that is similar to the one on the missing page.
Contact all high authority sites that link to that site asking them to replace the broken link with a link to your webpage.
This is one of the oldest tricks when it comes to creating backlinks. All you have to do is contact a high authority site in your niche. Ask for a chance to write a guest post for their website. If you get the chance, insert a link back to your website but make it relevant to the content. Do not make this link like promotional.
Crowd marketing is another technique that you can use to create high authority backlinks. With crowd marketing, you get your brand marketed in different quarters. For instance, you can answer questions on public sites such as Quora and Yahoo questions. Provide precise answers while including links back to your site.
It is common knowledge that including links on your social media platform will increase your traffic. You can further share your links on social media groups such as Facebook communities. Use every means possible to get people clicking back on your websites.
Building links and authority backlinks are not easy. You need to spend hours doing research. However, with apps such as Spokeo, intelligence work is made easier. You can quickly perform phone number search and find out more information about your competitors. It is also important to note that creating backlinks takes time. You need to research and find out the necessary information to be able to create the best links.
Valerie Malecha is a content writer for Spokeo. She has a great experience in marketing, travel, business and relationship sphere. Valerie Malecha is a content writer for Spokeo. She has a great experience in marketing, travel, business and relationship sphere.


The focus this week will surround the Federal Reserve, where the markets will be searching for an indication on whether the Central Bank will raise interest rates next month. We may see a repeat of September last year, when the expected Fed rate hike, never came that month. This theme is likely to continue this week, with FOMC Chair, Yellen speaking on Friday.
Yesterday, a raft of Eurozone PMI data was released. Although the powerhouse Germany managed to release improved figures it wasn't enough to boost the Eurozone as a whole. The Eurozone registered a poor Manufacturing PMI figure of 51.5, whilst services just missed economists' consensus at 53.1. Although both readings posted above 50, indicating expansion in this sector.
There will be several high tier data releases today, mainly from the UK and Eurozone. Firstly, the German ZEW Economic Sentiment is scheduled to hit the wires. Following this, the ZEW is forecast to increase from 11.1 to 12.1. Germany will release the final reading for Q1 GDP which is expected to increase to 0.7%. Also this morning, the UK releases their public sector borrowing figures, set to improve on last quarter's reading. The inflation report hearings from the UK will also take center stage with Governor Mark Carney and other MPC members set to testify on inflation and the current economic outlook.


Here's your chance to get to know your Sarita better. The actress showcases her lesser- known side and you can't miss it!
Prajakta Wadaye has earned recognition and fame, with her role as Sarita, in Zee Marathi's popular show Ratris Khel Chale 2. The actress calls it her "big break," and maintains that though she has acted in small serials before, this show put her on the map. Sarita is a docile and simple character in the horror series, that tells the story of a haunted village in Konkan. But in real life, the actress is fashionable and glamorous. You won't find her being very active on social media. But with the few pictures that are available of Prajakta, we were able to gauge that she is nothing short of a diva.
Watch the latest episode of Ratris Khel Chale 2 here.
In an interview with a popular publication, the actress revealed that she was stunned when she got a call to play Sarita. "My hometown is Kankavli. So, I'm well versed with the Malwani dialect which was the main requirement for the role," she said. Prajakta further added that in the first season of the show, she appeared in a small role, as a policewoman.
When asked whether she is able to relate to her character Sarita, the actress says that she feels connected to her simplicity and innocence. "But, at the same time, I am more progressed in terms of thinking. Talking about my fashion taste, I not only love to wear modern outfits but also traditional ones," she added.
Coming to her background, Prajakta revealed that she has graduated in theatre from Mumbai University. The actress also stated that she has always wanted to be in the entertainment field since childhood and often participated in college plays.
Well, we would say bravo to Prajakta for making it big on her own terms! Post your thoughts about her character Sarita in the comments section below.
Haven't seen Ratris Khel Chale 2 yet? Binge watch the show on ZEE5 here.
If You Love Thrillers, Subodh Bhave's Tula Pahate Re Should Be On Your Watchlist!


Hevo can replicate indexes from your Elasticsearch cluster.
Please follow these steps to create a Pipeline with Elasticsearch as a Source.
Select Elasticsearch from the list on Select Source Type Screen.
Database User - The read-only user that can read the indexes.
Database Password - Password for the read-only user.
If you want to connect to Hevo using an SSH tunnel, check How to Connect through SSH. Else, you will have to whitelist Hevo's IP addresses as listed here.
Alternatively, you copy details from an existing source of Elasticsearch type. Please note that it will create an independent copy of the selected source.
Click TEST CONNECTION to test the credentials and click CONTINUE once test succeeds.
Here, you will be presented with the list of indexes in your Elasticsearch cluster. You can deselect the indexes that you don't want to replicate. For every index, you can specify an incrementing field and a date field (which keeps the last modified timestamp for a document). If you specify the date field Hevo will be able to replicate updates happening to the documents in the index, otherwise, Hevo will replicate only new documents being inserted through the incrementing field. If both fields are not specified, Hevo will attempt to replicate the complete index at each run.
After entering the details, click CONTINUE.
Select the Destination where you want to replicate Elasticsearch Data or Click on NEW DESTINATION to create a new Destination. Check out How to add Destination tutorial for the detailed walkthrough on steps needed for adding new Destination.
Your Pipeline will be created when you enter this page and you will have an option to see Sample Data and Map Schema.
While Hevo tries to load your schemas, you can select CONTINUE IN BACKGROUNDif it is taking too much time. Click on CREATE SCHEMA MAPPING to map Source and Destination Schemas, check out Introduction to Schema Mapper to learn about Schema Mapper or you can select DO IT LATER to directly head to Pipeline page. You can map schemas later on Schema Mapper page in your pipeline.


Bangkok - Cambodian and Thai officials are to meet May 25 at UNESCO's Paris headquarters to discuss the Preah Vihear temple, which sparked a deadly border clash this year.
The meeting is the outcome of a visit by UNESCO special envoy for Preah Vihear, Koichiro Matsuura, who travelled to Bangkok and Cambodia late last month, UNESCO said in a statement issued in Paris.
Bokova did not specify who would represent Thailand and Cambodia at the May meeting.
The 11th-century Hindu temple was put on UNESCO's list of world heritage sites in 2008 despite objections by Thailand that the land adjacent to the site was still the subject of a border dispute.
Thailand has asked UNESCO to postpone the world heritage listing process of the temple on its border with Cambodia until the territorial dispute was settled.
Thai and Cambodian troops clashed February 4-7 around Preah Vihear vicinity, killing at least 10 people.
The International Court of Justice ruled in 1962 that the temple belonged to Cambodia but stopped short of determining the border demarcation in the contested area.
Both countries claim a 4.6-square-kilometre plot of land near the temple, which has been included under Cambodia's management plan for UNESCO's World Heritage Committee.
Both sides have beefed up their forces near the temple, 450 kilometres north-east of Bangkok, since July 2008, leading to several border skirmishes over the past two and a half years.


text:
Copywriting - SEO - Website Production & Management - Tempe, AZ
— menu —Home About Services Blog Contact
Johnny Website's Blog
Internet marketing updates. Get 'em while they're hot!
By Johnny Website
Facebook Graph Search Optimization
GSO or FGO – Who Knows?
Right at this moment (January 16, 2013), the Facebook Graph Search isn't really a fully baked thing yet for the masses of Facebook users. Once it is, rest assured, there will be people like me trying to figure out the best (white hat) ways to conduct what I am going to call "GSO" (Graph Search Optimization) or maybe "FGO" for Facebook Graph Optimization. Hopefully one of these will stick! Facebook has also suggested a few tips for how a business may optimize for better results.
If you have a small business with a Facebook page, certain things will need to be done to help ensure your page's visibility in the results of those searches. Things like check-ins and accurate location data, not to mention reviews, comments and other info will also become part of the mix. Of course, each business will have its own challenges (multiple locations, type of business, etc.). So basically. . .stay tuned for more on this!
What's more fun to talk about is how this will change things for your business.
At the most basic level, Facebook has a huge pile of user data that isn't the same stuff that Google has access to, so that makes it valuable. A more capable search tool in Facebook opens up opportunities for more people to discover you and your business. It also opens up paid advertising potential in a much more compelling way than what Facebook currently offers. The sheer volume of searches is going to be huge and that means the advertising opportunities will be equally huge.
Translation: You'll probably want to be on board sooner rather than later.
The Facebook Graph Search suggests that Facebook is honing in on how to compete with Google for the advertiser's dollar when it comes to contextually relevant and local (paid) advertising. On top of that, it comes with the added benefit of knowing which, if any, of your friends also "like" or have things to say about a product, restaurant, company, band or whatever. It adds a new dimension to how people discover things.
The two things that make this compelling are:
Facebook has data that Google does not have.
That data is more personal to individual users than anything Google can provide at the moment.
The unique data and opportunities make the Facebook paid advertising platform that much more viable of a competitor to Google AdWords for most advertisers. Stay tuned for more as things develop!
Awesome! You've decided to leave a comment. Please keep in mind that comments are moderated.
Your Email * (never published)
Content: King or Dictator?
Content Management Services
A Case for Social Media
Google Plus Cover Photo Template
Shift Your Thinking from SEO to Content Marketing
© Copyright Johnny Website Productions, LLC


Democracy did it in America!
You are at:Home»Readers' corner»Democracy did it in America!
Strong democratic foundation and values in the United States of America led Donald Trump to win the presidential election 2016. Although the victory of Trump has bewildered majority of the global citizens still it was a great choice of the Americans. Let us wait for witnessing what Donald Trump, the 45th President of the United States presents the Americans and does to refreshing the US foreign policy.Meanwhile I appreciate potential presidential candidate Hillary Clinton to accept the defeat and congratulating Donald Trump for his victory. This a good lesson for the practitioners of democracy.


Ian welcomes admissions educator Sara Calvert-Kubrom, formerly of Lewis and Clark College and Northeastern University's NUin program, which gives incoming freshmen the opportunity to begin their college career overseas. This type of offering is becoming more and more common, but is it right for your student? Sara explains the rationale behind the program and the pros and cons of choosing this exciting but potentially challenging pathway.
Does a lower SAT Math score make a non-STEM applicant less competitive for highly selective colleges?
I have a 9th grader; is it too late to start saving for college?
Should I submit a lower AP score to my colleges?
What pre-tax college savings are available?
Should I pursue the AP Capstone program?
Should I refinance my home to increase financial aid eligibility?
Which teachers should write recommendation letters for a student who is undecided on major?
Are there loans students can take out in their own name?
The University of Waterloo is known for its robust engineering school that offers harder to find specialties for undergraduates including geological engineering, management, mechatronics, and nanotechnology. Waterloo also boasts the largest academic computer science research center in Canada and a popular co-op internship model, making its Computer Science major one of the biggest draws for American students.
Tune in to our next show when Elizabeth Heaton will discuss this year's changes to the Common Application, institutional variance in financial aid awards, and accelerated degree programs.


Oh so cute! A new project by artist Dustin Nguyen and co-writer Derek Fridolfs, takes the Batman universe to a whole new style!
The upcoming digital-only series Batman: Lil' Gotham, will feature the Batman cast and characters captured in Nguyen's watercolor style. Each new installment will be set against the major holiday of each month and just in time for Halloween, and onwards to other holidays, in the continuing months ahead (Thanksgiving, Christmas, etc.).


text:
// This file has utilities that facilitates creating new delegates.
// - SimpleDelegateKernelInterface: Represents a Kernel which handles a subgraph
// to be delegated. It has Init/Prepare/Invoke which are going to be called
// during inference, similar to TFLite Kernels. Delegate owner should implement
// this interface to build/prepare/invoke the delegated subgraph.
// - SimpleDelegateInterface:
// This class wraps TFLiteDelegate and users need to implement the interface and
// then call TfLiteDelegateFactory::CreateSimpleDelegate(...) to get
// TfLiteDelegate* that can be passed to ModifyGraphWithDelegate and free it via
// TfLiteDelegateFactory::DeleteSimpleDelegate(...).
// or call TfLiteDelegateFactory::Create(...) to get a std::unique_ptr
// TfLiteDelegate that can also be passed to ModifyGraphWithDelegate, in which
// case TfLite interpereter takes the memory ownership of the delegate.
#ifndef TENSORFLOW_LITE_DELEGATES_UTILS_SIMPLE_DELEGATE_H_
#define TENSORFLOW_LITE_DELEGATES_UTILS_SIMPLE_DELEGATE_H_

#include <memory>

#include "tensorflow/lite/c/common.h"

namespace tflite {

using TfLiteDelegateUniquePtr =
    std::unique_ptr<TfLiteDelegate, void (*)(TfLiteDelegate*)>;

// Users should inherit from this class and implement the interface below.
// Each instance represents a single part of the graph (subgraph).
class SimpleDelegateKernelInterface {
 public:
  virtual ~SimpleDelegateKernelInterface() {}

  // Initializes a delegated subgraph.
  // The nodes in the subgraph are inside TfLiteDelegateParams->nodes_to_replace
  virtual TfLiteStatus Init(TfLiteContext* context,
                            const TfLiteDelegateParams* params) = 0;

  // Will be called by the framework. Should handle any needed preparation
  // for the subgraph e.g. allocating buffers, compiling model.
  // Returns status, and signalling any errors.
  virtual TfLiteStatus Prepare(TfLiteContext* context, TfLiteNode* node) = 0;

  // Actual subgraph inference should happen on this call.
  // Returns status, and signalling any errors.
  // NOTE: Tensor data pointers (tensor->data) can change every inference, so
  // the implementation of this method needs to take that into account.
  virtual TfLiteStatus Eval(TfLiteContext* context, TfLiteNode* node) = 0;
};

// Pure Interface that clients should implement.
// The Interface represents a delegate's capabilities and provides a factory
// for SimpleDelegateKernelInterface.
//
// Clients should implement the following methods:
// - IsNodeSupportedByDelegate
// - Initialize
// - Name
// - CreateDelegateKernelInterface
// - DelegateOptions
class SimpleDelegateInterface {
 public:
  // Options for configuring a delegate.
  struct Options {
    // Maximum number of delegated subgraph, values <=0 means unlimited.
    int max_delegated_partitions = 0;

    // The minimum number of nodes allowed in a delegated graph, values <=0
    // means unlimited.
    int min_nodes_per_partition = 0;
  };

  virtual ~SimpleDelegateInterface() {}

  // Returns true if 'node' is supported by the delegate. False otherwise.
  virtual bool IsNodeSupportedByDelegate(const TfLiteRegistration* registration,
                                         const TfLiteNode* node,
                                         TfLiteContext* context) const = 0;

  // Initialize the delegate before finding and replacing TfLite nodes with
  // delegate kernels, for example, retrieving some TFLite settings from
  // 'context'.
  virtual TfLiteStatus Initialize(TfLiteContext* context) = 0;

  // Returns a name that identifies the delegate.
  // This name is used for debugging/logging/profiling.
  virtual const char* Name() const = 0;

  // Returns instance of an object that implements the interface
  // SimpleDelegateKernelInterface.
  // An instance of SimpleDelegateKernelInterface represents one subgraph to
  // be delegated.
  // Caller takes ownership of the returned object.
  virtual std::unique_ptr<SimpleDelegateKernelInterface>
  CreateDelegateKernelInterface() = 0;

  // Returns SimpleDelegateInterface::Options which has the delegate options.
  virtual SimpleDelegateInterface::Options DelegateOptions() const = 0;
};

// Factory class that provides static methods to deal with SimpleDelegate
// creation and deletion.
class TfLiteDelegateFactory {
 public:
  // Creates TfLiteDelegate from the provided SimpleDelegateInterface.
  // The returned TfLiteDelegate should be deleted using DeleteSimpleDelegate.
  // A simple usage of the flags bit mask:
  // CreateSimpleDelegate(..., kTfLiteDelegateFlagsAllowDynamicTensors |
  // kTfLiteDelegateFlagsRequirePropagatedShapes)
  static TfLiteDelegate* CreateSimpleDelegate(
      std::unique_ptr<SimpleDelegateInterface> simple_delegate,
      int64_t flags = kTfLiteDelegateFlagsNone);

  // Deletes 'delegate' the passed pointer must be the one returned
  // from CreateSimpleDelegate.
  // This function will destruct the SimpleDelegate object too.
  static void DeleteSimpleDelegate(TfLiteDelegate* delegate);

  // A convenient function wrapping the above two functions and returning a
  // std::unique_ptr type for auto memory management.
  inline static TfLiteDelegateUniquePtr Create(
      std::unique_ptr<SimpleDelegateInterface> simple_delegate) {
    return TfLiteDelegateUniquePtr(
        CreateSimpleDelegate(std::move(simple_delegate)), DeleteSimpleDelegate);
  }
};

}  // namespace tflite

#endif  // TENSORFLOW_LITE_DELEGATES_UTILS_SIMPLE_DELEGATE_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub