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About ICI
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Child Labour in Cocoa
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News 3 August 2019
ABOCFA FARMERS TAKE INITIATIVE TO ENFORCE CHILD PROTECTION IN THEIR COMMUNITIES
One of the female farmers making a contribution during the community wide meeting.
The members of ABOCFA, the organic cocoa farmers' cooperative working with Tony's Chocolonely and the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI) to eliminate child labour from their farms, have come out with rules and regulations to promote child protection in their communities.
The process, which started in June, is led by Joseph Mensah, one of Ambassadors for Tony's Chocolonely and a Community Facilitator (CF) with the Child labour Monitoring and Remediation System (CLMRS) being implemented with the cooperative. According to Joseph, volunteering as an Ambassador and Community Facilitator opened his eyes to the challenges and issues which were not protective of children. He believed the most effective way to stop this was to put in place these by-laws.
The document was a joint initiative developed by the farmers with the help of ICI, government institutions like Center for Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ), Department of Community Development and Social Welfare, Domestic Violence and Victim Support Unit (DOVVSU) of the Ghana Police Service, Municipal Labour Department, the leadership of the community and ABOCFA.
Josephine Jokoto, the Municipal Director of the Department of Community Development and Social Welfare for the Suhum Municipality, was very pleased with the farmers' initiative to have by-laws to guide how children and adults live in their communities. She indicated that this was a laudable idea which can shape the socio-economic development of all the communities involved.
Men Focus group voting on one of the by-laws
Youth Focus group led by the Police Commander in charge of DOVVSU
Child labour free declaration signpost close to the ABOCFA office at Aponoapono
A group of children being educated on the importance of the by-laws by one of the municipal representatives.
The by-laws look at areas such as playing loud music at night, protecting the school environment, creating a conducive environment for children to study both at school and in the house, putting in place the right measures to prevent teenage pregnancy and other child protection issues.
The by-laws are binding on eight (8) communities with a general population of 2631 people. Speaking with some of the leaders of the community, they indicated their joy at this achievement and are striving to put in place the necessary structures to ensure the rules are implemented without consideration for to promote their acceptance by all.
Representing the parents in the communities, Wisdom Akolotey, the Chairperson of the Parents and Teachers Association (PTA) for the Junior High School (JHS) in Aponoapono, spoke of how the meetings towards the formation of the by-laws brought home the deplorable state of their children's education as they indulge in activities such as gambling, truancy and night partying. According to Wisdom, "We also realized that some of our actions, such as letting our animals sleep on the veranda of the school and graze on the school compound were not encouraging our children's love for education. These practices need to stop to ensure a better future for our children."
The chief of the community, Nene Barfour Chartey Kwaumo, said "I realized that we needed a lot of discipline in our community, especially when it comes to the pupils. Having by-laws to guide our actions will help the community to instill the discipline that we need as well as protect our children. As leaders of the community, we have resolved to make these laws work regardless of the affected party. We will set up a task force to oversee its enforcement and ensure that they are obeyed by everyone, and defaulters are punished as stated."
Partner News13 January 2020
Tony's Chocolonely publishes 2018/19 annual report
Media6 January 2020
West African countries' surcharge on chocolate prices shows difficulties farmers face in making money
News20 December 2019
Advancing multi-stakeholder efforts to combat child labour in cocoa
ICI 2019 recap: Top news, publications and videos
Quality education: Schools closer to home for children from 8 cocoa communities in Côte d'Ivoire
Sucden becomes a member of the International Cocoa Initiative
©2020 International Cocoa Initiative (ICI). All Rights Reserved


What a beautiful sunny yellow!
nwframeofmind, thank you very much. It is a beautiful flower.
Great entry–the bold and sassy sunflower. Happy iPhoneography Monday.
Sally, thank you very much. Happy iphoneOgraphy Monday to you!
This is a beautiful shot, Melanee. Love how the bright, sunshine yellow brings a smile to everyone who sees it.
Gracie, thank you so very much for the beautiful comment.
Stunning color. I'm smiling away as I write this.
Allan, thank you very much. Glad it made you smile!
This is lovely! I think I need a backyard full of them.
Thank you for your kind comment. A backyard full of these would be quite wonderful.


This memorial website was created in memory of our loved one, James Day Hodgson, 96, born on December 3, 1915 and passed away on November 28, 2012.
Where James Day Hodgson is buried?
Locate the grave of James Day Hodgson.
How James Day Hodgson died?
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He was an American politician. Hodgson began his political career as a Secretary of Labor. Later he served as a ambassador to Japan. In the period 1950-1960 He also worked as a behind-the-scenes negotiator for the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. He married Maria Denend and they had together two children: Nancy and Frederick. Hodgson died at his home in Malibu, California on November 28, 2012.
Note: Do you have a family photo of James Day Hodgson? Consider uploading your photo of James Day Hodgson so that your pictures are included in James Day Hodgson's genealogy, family trees & family history records. Sysoon enables anyone to create a free online tribute for a much loved relative or friend who has passed away.
Address and location of James Day Hodgson which have been published. Click on the address to view a map.
James Day Hodgson was born in Dawson, Minnesota, United States.
James Day Hodgson died in Malibu, California, United States.


Sauvignon Blanc originated in the Loire Valley in France and, as such, remains one of the top regions for the grape (which is labeled under its region Sancerre). Currently, New Zealand is leading the way in terms of Sauvignon Blanc production and sales. From these two regions, the wine is seldom oaked. The reason I mention this is because it is this characteristic, aside from the grapes natural flavors, that give it the claim as one of the easiest and versatile wines to pair foods with. It is not to say that some Sauvignon Blanc's are not oak aged, however when this happens, you tend to treat the wine in a fashion similar to pairing food with a Chardonnay.
The natural flavors range through the fruit and vegetable spectrum. Specifically, you tend to find a lot of citric flavors (lemons and limes) as well as tropical fruits (passion fruit, guava, etc). With these flavors and its inherent acidity, it pairs very well with seafood. It tends to be in balance with these dishes, as it is not overpowering the fish, and vice versa, the seafood isn't masking the wine. The only exception would be seafood dishes with very heavy sauces, such as lobster. This takes me back to oak aging or oak fermenting. Chardonnays are typically oaked which leads to richer flavors, gives the wine more depth and increases its complexity and intensity—and oaked Chardonnay would pair well with lobster in butter sauce. That's not to say that Chardonnay wouldn't go great with any other seafood, it simply means that Sauvignon Blanc because of its leaner, lighter taste, would be a better dancing partner with the natural light flavors of seafood.
Born in New Jersey and raised in Madrid, Spain, Devin Perez has been involved in the restaurant industry for more than fifteen years, garnering experience in various front of house positions. With a degree in hospitality management from Florida International University, Perez began his career with Tony Roma's Restaurants, where he rose through the ranks after starting as a host, managing every department for the national chain. From there, he went on to Ale House, a privately owned sports bar company with over 60 restaurants on the East Coast before moving to Crave; a Minnesota based company that opened their first South Florida location in Coral Gables, where he served as general manager. In 2016, he joined the Specialty Restaurants family as beverage manager of Rusty Pelican. Witnessing first-hand the wine culture at the upscale waterfront restaurant, his passion for all things wine exploded. In tandem with a revamp of the restaurant's wine list under the guidance of Master Sommelier Michael Jordan, Perez, along with twelve other Rusty Pelican staff received his Level I Sommelier Certification and is presently studying for Level II.


Innovative capsule cutting system. High impact plastic casing. Back wall-mount part separates from the body and mounts to the wall (screws, wall plugs and washers included). Insert bottle into the U-shaped white bracket. Press the moveable part twice; three cutting wheels remove the foil from the bottle.
If you run a bar or any other similar establishment, speed is of the essence. You simply do not have the time to open the foil on every bottle of wine by hand if you have 50 tables full of people to serve. However, you also cannot pre-open your bottles, as this would ruin some of the atmosphere and the ultimate proof that the bottle hasn't been opened by anyone else before it is served. The solution is found in our innovative cap-cut professional wall-mount wine bottle capsule cutter.
It is an innovatively designed cutting system backed by a high impact plastic casing. The back part, which can be wall mounted, fully separates from the body itself. This makes it easy to mount it to the wall with the included screws, wall plugs and washer. Once it is in place, the front can be clipped back on. All you need to do then is put the bottle of wine in the bracket, which is white and shaped like a U for easy identification. Simply press down twice on the movable part and the three cutting wheels will quickly and efficiently cut through and remove the foil. At this point, your sommelier can take the bottle to the table, where they will only have to uncork it, for which you can provide them with a good quality corkscrew. This foil cutter is perfect to ensure the health and safety of your employees and it will also make all your operations more efficient and quicker to complete.


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Cable Internet vs DSL | How Fast Is DSL Compared With Cable Internet.
It's a hot topic on the lips of home and business owners these days: Is cable Internet faster and better than DSL? We all require Internet connectivity to accommodate our business and personal lives alike – and we like it fast, and consistent! Cable Internet and DSL both deliver high-speed connectivity, and both have their pros and cons. So which is faster, DSL or cable Internet? Which is better suited for your unique situation? Let's take a comparative look and see:
What is DSL?
DSL is an anagram for "Digital Subscriber Line". This term is used to denote an array of "high-speed" Internet services. This type of Internet connectivity is called "broadband", a term you have certainly heard of. This is one modern service offered via what's known as the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). DSL Internet is driven to your computer, or modem, via a common telephone line. In general, having DSL Internet is less expensive than having cable Internet, but many times that's because subscribers get carried away with ordering too many of the possible extras from the cable company, making their bills skyrocket. You can do a broadband speed test with iiNets new tool and see how your connection measures up today.
There are various DSL providers in competition, each offering different speeds and prices. DSL takes data in more quickly than it can send it out. There are still some remote areas where DSL is not available. Many DSL service providers have issues with consistent connectivity. This is normally the chief complaint from DSL subscribers: they can't count on 100% uptime service – and sometimes, in some locations, it can be happen a lot and become very frustrating indeed. Also, the farther away from the modem your computer or device is, the less strength the ranged DSL signal has.
What is cable Internet?
While DSL arrives to your devices via a telephone line, normally ran into a modem, and then sent out wirelessly to your devices, cable Internet arrives through, you guessed it: the coaxial cable lines. Modern advances in DSL technologies are changing this, but, in most cases cable Internet speeds are superior to DSL speeds. However, there are millions of DSL subscribers that are completely happy with the speeds (and connectivity) they experience.
One drawback to cable Internet is that, if you are on a cable line that feeds multiple housing units, then your speeds will probably decrease whenever a lot of your neighbors are online. And like DSL, cable Internet may still not be available in more rural areas. In general, wherever there's cable these days, there's also a selection of the more popular DSL providers, like Dish Network, for instance.
The bottom line about the cable vs DSL Internet debate is that bandwidth basically translates into surfing speed for the subscriber. In most cases, cable will deliver superior bandwidth over DSL – but it will probably cost more too. If money is not an object, you're probably better off with the cable Internet. That's mainly because cable companies, like Time Warner, for instance, are huge entities that have more resources for pleasing customers than do most DSL providers.
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Translated from Tamil to English, the book begins with the story of Alyssa, who is left with her grandparents on Pulau Ubin as a child and her experience with devastating loss as an adult. Among other stories: A grandmother whose final wish is to carry the kavadi, a wife who wonders if her role is simply to cook for her family according to their needs and desires and a filial daughter caring for her terminally ill mother.
The Goddess in the Living Room is a collection of short stories where the voices of Tamil women in Singapore are given a powerful outlet by Latha.


Thomas Pannone was dazzling in his first major league start against the Baltimore Orioles.Now http://www.philliesfanproshop.com/authentic-pat-neshek-jersey , he will look to duplicate that success when he takes the mound at Camden Yards for the second game of the series Tuesday night.The Blue Jays fell to the Orioles 7-0 in the opener Monday night. It was just the second time in 14 meetings Baltimore came away with a victory against its AL East rival.Article continues below ...Toronto designated hitter Kendrys Morales went 0 for 3 with a walk and fell short in his bid to become the fourth player in history to homer in eight consecutive games.Nonetheless, Blue Jays manager John Gibbons marveled at Morales' performance."It's a surprise he still gets pitches to hit," Gibbons said. "I don't think any of us can comprehend how hard it is to do. It really couldn't happen to a better guy."Pannone (1-0, 1.59 ERA) has shown flashes that he could be a key part of the franchise's future. In his previous start against the Orioles, he threw seven scoreless innings with just one hit in a 6-0 victory. He is looking to have the same success against the Orioles, who did not manage a hit against him until the seventh inning.Pannone became the fifth player in MLB history to allow one hit or fewer and two walks or fewer in seven or more shutout innings in his first big league start, according to Elias Sports Bureau."I was a little bit nervous when I woke up Aaron Nola Jersey , but as I came here and prepared for the game, I settled in really well," Pannone said after his debut. "I knew the whole game I hadn't given up a hit yet. I think I always know as the game is going on, but I'd say it was pretty obvious to me in like the sixth inning that I had made it through at least five without giving up a hit."Blue Jays third baseman Josh Donaldson will begin his rehab assignment Tuesday for Class-A Dunedin, which is three days before the trade deadlineThe Orioles (38-94) snapped an eight-game losing streak. Baltimore also went 0-10 at Rogers Centre. The team has already traded several key veterans as the franchise begins a full-scale rebuild.Baltimore's starter on Tuesday will be Josh Rogers, who was acquired from the Yankees for closer Zach Britton and is 2-1 with a 2.08 ERA and 1.09 WHIP in five starts for Triple-A Norfolk.Manager Buck Showalter said several younger have an opportunity to show they can be part of a long-range plan. The Orioles also might not be finished making deals."We traded some really good players, so there's been a lot of movement Juan Samuel Jersey ," Showalter said. "I've got my hands full here. But there's a lot of things I'm sure are going on and close or not close. It doesn't help anybody to know all that stuff's a good opportunity to evaluate and we've got another month or so of it."I can't really handicap between now and the end of the month. I know for our guys who are here who might be involved in that, personally I'd love to see them, if they're going to be traded, get there before the 1st so at least they're eligible for the postseason. But that doesn't mean somebody still won't take them to try to get there. We traded some really good playersOrioles rookie center fielder Cedric Mullins was back in the lineup Monday after missing the previous game with a hip injury. DENVER (AP) — The Colorado Rockies have brought in Daniel Murphy to boost an offense big on pop but lackluster in batting average.The veteran infielder has agreed to a $24 million, two-year contract with the Rockies, a person familiar with the negotiations told The Associated Press on Thursday night. The person spoke on condition of anonymity because the deal was subject to a successful physical.The Rockies hit .256 last season, their lowest mark in team history. The team had 210 homers http://www.philliesfanproshop.com/authentic-pat-neshek-jersey , the fifth-most in franchise history and the most since 2001.Murphy figures to raise that batting average. He is a .330 hitter in 26 games at Coors Field.The 33-year-old Murphy spent last season with the Washington Nationals and Chicago Cubs, where he hit a combined .299 with 12 homers. The three-time All-Star missed the start of the year after undergoing right knee surgery.Murphy could play second base for the Rockies if DJ LeMahieu departs in free agency. The Rockies also may be looking at Murphy to take over at first base should Ian Desmond move to the outfield. The team figures to lose outfielders Carlos Gonzalez and Gerardo Parra in free agency.The Rockies are coming off a season in which they made the postseason for a second straight season, marking the first time they've made back-to-back playoff appearances. They were eliminated by the Milwaukee Brewers in the NL divisional round after knocking off the Cubs in the wild-card game.Colorado is still searching for its first NL West title in franchise history. The team took the Los Angeles Dodgers to game No. 163 last season before losing the division title.


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Parabolic invariant theory in complex analysis
Charles Fefferman
Dive into the research topics of 'Parabolic invariant theory in complex analysis'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Invariant Theory Mathematics 100%
Complex Analysis Mathematics 92%
Fefferman, C. (1979). Parabolic invariant theory in complex analysis. Advances in Mathematics, 31(2), 131-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8708(79)90025-2
Fefferman, Charles. / Parabolic invariant theory in complex analysis. In: Advances in Mathematics. 1979 ; Vol. 31, No. 2. pp. 131-262.
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title = "Parabolic invariant theory in complex analysis",
author = "Charles Fefferman",
note = "Funding Information: * The research was supported by the N.S.F. Alan T. Waterman award. 1 The beautiful work of Webster [33] on biholomorphic classification of ellipsoids fits roughly into the analogy, as the pseudoconvex analog of a rigidity theorem.",
journal = "Advances in Mathematics",
Fefferman, C 1979, 'Parabolic invariant theory in complex analysis', Advances in Mathematics, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 131-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8708(79)90025-2
Parabolic invariant theory in complex analysis. / Fefferman, Charles.
In: Advances in Mathematics, Vol. 31, No. 2, 02.1979, p. 131-262.
T1 - Parabolic invariant theory in complex analysis
AU - Fefferman, Charles
N1 - Funding Information: * The research was supported by the N.S.F. Alan T. Waterman award. 1 The beautiful work of Webster [33] on biholomorphic classification of ellipsoids fits roughly into the analogy, as the pseudoconvex analog of a rigidity theorem.
JO - Advances in Mathematics
JF - Advances in Mathematics
Fefferman C. Parabolic invariant theory in complex analysis. Advances in Mathematics. 1979 Feb;31(2):131-262. doi: 10.1016/0001-8708(79)90025-2


text:
Liberal Arts Works
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Daniella J. Kostroun
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dkostrou@iupui.edu
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Cavanaugh Hall (CA) 503P
425 University Boulevard
PhD Duke University 2000
MA Duke University 1995
BA, Magna Cum Laude Cornell University 1992
B.A. Cornell University (Magna Cum Laude), 1992
M.A. Duke University, 1995
Ph.D. Duke University, 2000
Academic interests
Early Modern Europe, French History, Women's Studies
2009 Award for Best Collaborative Project Published in 2009 from the Society for the Study of Early Modern Women for "Women, Religion, and the Atlantic World (1600-1800)." 2004 Gutenberg-e Prize from the American Historical Association
2004 Chester Penn Higby Prize for best article in the Journal of Modern History
2001 Ahmanson-Getty Postdoctoral Fellowship, Center for 17th and 18th c studies, University of California Los Angeles
1999 Dissertation Fellow, Erasmus Institute, University of Notre Dame
Feminism, Absolutism, and Jansenism: Louis XIV and the Port-Royal Nuns (Cambridge University Press, 2011) Women, Religion, and the Atlantic World (1600-1800) edited with Lisa Vollendorf (University of Toronto Press, 2009). Articles in the Journal of Modern History, Histoire, Economie et Societe, Proceedings of the Western Society for French History, and Biblio 17.
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The Summer of Sonic 2010 will be taking place at the The Pavilion in London's Shepherd's Bush. The venue sits in front of the peaceful Shepherd's Bush Common park, and is a very short distance away from the following London Underground train stations: Shepherd's Bush; Shepherd's Bush Market; Goldhawk Road. The most popular Tube line to use in public transport would be the Central (red) line – if you have booked accommodation in London, reaching this venue is a short underground journey away.
If you are travelling by car, there are several public parking areas that can be used to keep your vehicle during the day – bear in mind that these are likely to be pay and display. Two of the closest car parks to the venue are situated on Shepherd's Bush Market and Rockley Road.
The Pavilion was the choice of venue for the Summer of Sonic organisers this year for the sheer available space, as well as the unique facilities and atmosphere that the hall provides. As you walk in from the entrance hallway, you'll be facing a 1000-people strong space with steps leading down to each level ahead of you. There's more than enough room for a stage at the bottom floor, with a backdrop that hangs from an even bigger balcony area!


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Nathan Brown (; 22 June 1807 – 1 January 1886) was an American Baptist missionary to India and Japan, Bible translator, and abolitionist. He is noted for his works on Assamese language, grammar and script.

In around 1843, based in Sibsagar, he began translating the New Testament into Assamese or Amar Trankôrta Yisu Khristôr Nôtun Niyôm () which he published in 1848. In 1854, he published another book titled  meaning roughly Jesus Christ and his Holy Messages. He also translated prayers alongside his other missionary colleagues. His work Grammatical Notices of the Assamese Language was published by the American Baptist Mission Press in 1848. In 1846, with his colleague Oliver Cutter, he published Orunodoi (), the first Assamese periodical. He also published works of contemporary and historical Assamese scholars, to name a few Ôxôm Burônzi (History of Assam, ) by Kashinath Phukan in 1844, Kitabôt Mônzôri (Mathematics, in Assamese verse, ) in two parts, Lilawôti and Pôdgônit by Bakul Kayastha in 1845, and Sutiya Burônzi () in 1850, as well as others. In Assam, Brown is considered to be a pioneer and champion of the native language and literature.

Early life and missions to Burma and Assam

Born in New Ipswich, New Hampshire, he attended Williams College, where he graduated first in his class. He and his wife, whom he married in 1830, went on to serve as missionaries in Burma. Brown's original intention had been to translate the Bible into Burmese, but he soon found himself pulled into a mission along with Oliver Cutter and Miles Bronson in the Indian region of Assam.

In 1848, Brown published an Assamese grammar, followed by an Assamese translation of the New Testament. He found that the Assamese Bible published by William Carey from the Serampore Mission Press (1832), in circulation at the time, consisted of Bengali and Sanskrit loan words, so it was idiomatically inadequate. Therefore, he undertook (together with Carey's old colleague Pandit Atmaram Sharma) the project of translating the New Testament into pure and simple Assamese. From 1836 to 1873, Company and British Raj policy subsumed Assamese under the heading of Bengali. The language regained recognition in part due to Assamese publications edited by Brown, including an Assamese-English dictionary and an Assamese grammar book, as well as his association with Hemchandra Barua, who was taught at Brown's school.

Abolitionism
In 1850 Brown returned to America to join his brother William in the growing abolitionist movement. In his satirical work Magnus Maharba and the Dragon, an account of the battle against slavery, Rev. Brown used the pen name Kristofer Kadmus. This shows that he truly identified with the character in Greek Mythology that his life so paralleled. Cadmus was best known as a traveller and vector of culture and ideas. His journey in search of his lost sister Europa led to importation of the idea of alphabet into Greece. In myth, Cadmus killed a dragon that prevented mortals from reaching a sacred spring. He planted the dragon's teeth on the spot; they sprouted into armies that fought nearly to death, with the survivors building the city of learning.

The "haystack missionaries", including Nathan Brown, associated the account of the introduction of the Greek alphabet with the New Testament creation, and the idea of creating local alphabets for every language was an important first step towards the goal of a Bible translation for every language. The printing presses and schools of these missions also became a vehicle for empowerment of local language and culture.

Following his return from Assam to New England in 1848, Nathan Brown joined the abolitionist movement, delivering anti-slavery sermons in Boston. This struggle eventually resulted in the American Civil War. Many proponents of the anti-slavery movement had to deal with the bloody results of their efforts in a personal struggle of conscience. Rev. Brown dealt with the question of violent means in Magnus Maharba.

Missionary to the Japanese
After the war, in 1868, Brown turned his attention to the newly accessible Japan, at first by interacting with the students that Japan was sending to the Bridgeport Academy and Princeton University for education in Western world culture and technology. This cultural exchange was a two way process. Rev. Brown published another satire showing America as seen through the eyes of one of these Japanese students, which was sharply critical of New England's materialism, in place of spirituality. One exchange student, for whom Nathan Brown wrote a letter of reference to the Bridgeport Academy, eventually became an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy.

Brown's first wife died in 1871, and in 1872, having married again, he returned to overseas missionary work, this time traveling to Japan to join Jonathan Goble, the first Baptist missionary to that country. The two collaborated to construct the first Japanese Baptist church (First Baptist Church of Yokohama) in 1873. Brown also worked with Japanese scholar T. Kawakatsu to produce a  Japanese-language Bible based on what were then the oldest known Greek manuscripts; he would go on to print thousands of Hiragana copies for distribution  print versions (with the goal of access to the Bible by less educated persons who might not understand Kanji). Brown died in Yokohama in 1886.

See also
 Assamese Language Movement

References

External links

 Brown, Nathan. Grammatical Notices of the Asamese Language. (Sibsagor: American Baptist Mission Press, 1848).
 Brown, Nathan. The Histori Ov Magnus Maha'rba and the Blak Dragun. (New York, 1866).
 Brown, Nathan. Utato Fuçi: Hymns and Tunes in Japanese. (Yokohama: F.R. Wetmore & Co., 1876).
 Brown, Elizabeth W. The Whole World Kin: A Pioneer Experience Among Remote Tribes, and Other Labors of Nathan Brown. (Philadelphia: Hubbard Brothers, 1890).
"Nathan & Eliza Brown - Their contributions to Assamese Language"

1807 births
1886 deaths
19th-century American translators
19th-century Baptists
19th-century lexicographers
Activists from New Hampshire
American abolitionists
American expatriates in India
American expatriates in Japan
American lexicographers
American satirists
Baptist abolitionists
Baptist missionaries from the United States
Baptist missionaries in India
Baptist missionaries in Japan
Baptist missionaries in Myanmar
Creators of writing systems
Missionary linguists
People from New Ipswich, New Hampshire
Translators of the Bible into Assamese
Translators of the Bible into Japanese
Williams College alumni

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Impact of anesthetic agents on overall and recurrence-free survival in patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery: A retrospective observational study
Author: In-Jung Jun / Source: Scientific Reports
Given that surgical stress response and surgical excision may increase the likelihood of post-surgery cancer dissemination and metastasis, the appropriate choice of surgical anesthetics may be important for oncologic outcomes. We evaluated the association of anesthetics used for general anesthesia with overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients who underwent esophageal cancer surgery. Adult patients (922) underwent elective esophageal cancer surgery were included. The patients were divided into two groups according to the anesthetics administered during surgery: volatile anesthesia (VA) or intravenous anesthesia with propofol (TIVA). Propensity score and Cox regression analyses were performed. There were 191 patients in the VA group and 731 in the TIVA group. In the entire cohort, VA was independently associated with worse overall survival (HR 1.58; 95% CI 1.24–2.01; P < 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (HR 1.42; 95% CI 1.12–1.79; P = 0.003) after multivariable analysis adjustment. Similarly, in the propensity score matched cohorts, VA was associated with worse overall survival (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.11–1.89; P = 0.006) and recurrence-free survival (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.11–1.87; P = 0.006). TIVA during esophageal cancer surgery was associated with better postoperative survival rates compared with volatile anesthesia.
Esophageal cancer is one of the most fatal malignancies with very poor overall 5-year survival rates (10–40%)1,2. Surgical removal is still considered the mainstay therapy for longer survival rates in esophageal cancer. However, since correlation between surgery and postoperative metastasis was suggested3, the importance of the perioperative period in cancer metastasis has been reiterated4,5. Indeed, surgery itself may be a risk factor of loco-regional recurrence and distant metastasis through destruction of tumor cells and vasculature as well as its effects on neuroendocrine factors6,7. Thus, given the contribution of recurrence to poor prognosis after esophageal cancer surgery8,9, preserving the host immune function against micrometastasis of remnant cancer cells during surgery may be important for improving postoperative oncologic outcomes5.
Patients undergoing esophageal surgery for cancer require general anesthesia with either a volatile (isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane) or an intravenous anesthetic such as propofol. To date, there is no definitive evidence supporting superiority of the use of either a volatile or an intravenous anesthetic. However, several studies have reported that anesthetic techniques used during cancer surgery may affect cancer recurrence and ultimately survival5,10,11,12,13. While volatile anesthetics may exert immunosuppressive effects, propofol may rather have protective effects through the enhancement of antitumor immunity5,10,14. Thus, intravenous anesthesia with propofol may be preferable to volatile anesthetics during cancer surgery. Furthermore, it has been suggested that volatile anesthetics during cancer surgery may be associated with poor oncologic outcomes11,12,13. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study to assess the relationship of anesthesia with overall and recurrence-free survival rates in patients following esophageal cancer surgery. We hypothesized that patients who received intravenous anesthesia with propofol might have better overall and recurrence-free survivals after esophageal cancer surgery compared with patients who have received a volatile anesthetic.
Of the 1,084 patients who underwent esophagectomy within the study period, 162 met exclusion criteria and a total of 922 patients remained for analysis (volatile anesthesia [VA]: 191 and intravenous anesthesia with propofol [TIVA]: 731, Fig. 1). In the VA group, patients received either isoflurane (n = 53), sevoflurane (n = 23), or desflurane (n = 115) for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. The baseline and perioperative characteristics of the study groups in the entire cohort are illustrated in Table 1. Compared with TIVA, patients in the VA group were more likely to have histories of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lower preoperative total bilirubin and albumin concentrations, and diuretic therapy. Additionally, the use of epidural analgesia for postoperative pain control and postoperative body weight gain (%) were lower in the VA group compared with the TIVA group.
Study flow diagram. SCC = squamous cell carcinoma.
Postoperative short-term outcomes are shown in Table 2. The incidence of postoperative myocardial dysfunction and sepsis was lower in the VA group compared with the TIVA group, but postoperative intensive care unit and hospital stay together with the incidence of other complications were comparable between the two groups.
Median follow-up for all patients was 37.9 months (interquartile range: 17.6–67.5 months), 25.9 months (interquartile range: 14.2–47.8 months) for VA group, and 41.4 months (interquartile range: 18.4–70.0 months) for TIVA group.
In the entire cohort, the overall mortality rate during follow-up was 41.4% (382/922) in all patients, 51.3% (98/191) in the VA group, and 36.4% (284/731) in the TIVA group. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates for VA group were 80.1% (95% CI, 74.4–85.8), 58.0% (95% CI, 50.4–65.6), and 46.6% (95% CI, 37.8–55.4), respectively. On the other hand, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates for TIVA group were 86.4% (95% CI, 83.9–88.9), 70.4% (95% CI, 67.0–73.8), and 61.2% (95% CI, 57.3–65.1), respectively. These data suggest a significantly lower overall survival rate in the VA group compared with the TIVA group (P < 0.001, Fig. 2A). The recurrence-free survival rates in the VA group were also lower than those in the TIVA group (69.2% [95% CI, 62.6–75.8] vs. 78.2% [95% CI, 75.2–81.2] in 1-year, 50.2% [95% CI, 42.3–58.1] vs. 64.5% [95% CI, 60.9–68.2] in 3-year, and 43.0% [95% CI, 34.4–51.6] vs. 56.9% [95% CI, 52.8–61.0] in 5-year; P < 0.001, Fig. 3A). In univariate analysis, volatile anesthesia was associated with both worse overall survival (HR 1.50; 95% CI 1.19–1.89; P = 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (HR 1.48; 95% CI 1.18–1.86; P = 0.001). After adjusting by multivariable, Cox regression analysis demonstrated that volatile anesthesia was independently associated with both worse overall survival (HR 1.58; 95% CI 1.24–2.01; P < 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (HR 1.42; 95% CI 1.12–1.79; P = 0.003) (Table 3). Other variables associated with the overall survival are shown in Supplementary Table 2.
Kaplan-Meier overall survival curves from the date of esophageal cancer surgery by anesthesia type in the total cohort (A) and the propensity matched cohort (B).
Kaplan-Meier recurrence-free survival curves from the date of esophageal cancer surgery by anesthesia type in the total cohort (A) and the propensity matched cohort (B).
In the propensity score matched cohorts, both survival rates were lower in the VA group compared with the TIVA group: overall survival rate (81.3% [95% CI, 75.4–87.2] vs. 85.8% [95% CI, 82.5–89.1] in 1-year, 59.8% [95% CI, 51.8–67.8] vs. 71.2% [95% CI, 66.8–75.6] in 3-year, and 48.6% [95% CI, 39.5–57.8] vs. 61.2% [95% CI, 56.1–66.3] in 5-year; P = 0.005, Fig. 2B); recurrence-free survival rates (70.1% [95% CI, 63.1–77.1] vs. 78.3% [95% CI, 74.4–82.2] in 1-year, 52.5% [95% CI, 44.3–60.7] vs. 66.5% [95% CI, 61.9–71.1] in 3-year, and 45.0% [95% CI, 35.9–54.1] vs. 56.2% [95% CI, 50.7–61.7] in 5-year; P = 0.005, Fig. 3B). After propensity analysis, volatile anesthesia was still associated with both worse overall survival (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.11–1.89; P = 0.006) and recurrence-free survival (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.11–1.87; P = 0.006) (Table 3). After further adjustments with confounders, this relationship between the volatile anesthesia and the overall survival (HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.19–2.07; P = 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.04–1.77; P = 0.024) was preserved (Table 3). This significant association was consistent with the results of various sensitivity analyses (Supplementary Table S3) and subgroup analyses (Supplementary Fig. S2).
In this retrospective study of 922 patients who underwent elective esophageal surgery for squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, we found that intravenous anesthesia with propofol during surgery was associated with both better overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates compared with volatile anesthesia. Furthermore, this relationship remained significant even after adjustment for several potential confounders and was supported by several sensitivity analyses.
Our current findings suggest that the choice of the general anesthesia method could affect long-term outcome after cancer surgery. This result is in accordance with three recent retrospective observational studies that reported a relationship of volatile anesthetics with worse outcome in cancer surgery11,12,13. In one study, propofol anesthesia was reported to increase overall postoperative survival rates compared with sevoflurane in 2,838 patients undergoing surgery for breast, colon, or rectal cancers11. In a second study, the relationship of volatile (sevoflurane or isoflurane) vs. propofol with long-term survival was evaluated in over 7,000 patients undergoing elective surgery for breast, gastrointestinal tract, gynecology, urology cancer, or sarcoma cancers12. After propensity score matching and multivariable analysis, volatile inhalation anesthesia was associated with a HR of 1.46 (95% CI 1.29–1.66) for death compared to intravenous anesthesia with propofol. However, these two studies included various cancer types, but no cancer stages. Indeed, cancer type and stage has been considered an important determinant of survival. Thus, despite their large sample size, the clinical significance of their results may be limited. In a third study, it was reported that, compared to inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane, intravenous anesthesia with propofol was related to a reduced risk of recurrence during the initial 5 years after surgery in 325 patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy13. However, this study may be also limited by small sample size.
In contrast, our study included a more homogeneous population and much larger number of consecutive patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery. In addition, it included adjusting for a great number of confounders, including perioperative variables known to affect survival such as pathologic stage of cancer, intraoperative transfusions, and postoperative complication, using a comprehensive and accurate data obtained by data abstractors who were blinded to the objectives of this study. Moreover, our findings were consistent using two different statistical risk adjustment methods including multivariable regression and propensity score analysis, and across several sensitivity and subgroup analyses, thus strengthening the validity of our findings.
Although our data cannot explain the underlying mechanism of the beneficial effects of propofol on survival after esophageal cancer surgery, several previous laboratory and animal studies have proposed biological mechanisms for this relationship. Given the possibility of the release of cancer cells into the circulation and potential seeding caused by surgical resection of tumors5,7, the immune system, especially cell-mediated immunity, at the time of surgery (i.e. most vulnerable period) may have an important role in postoperative survival and cancer recurrence. It has been reported that volatile anesthetics may suppress the activity of natural killer14,15,16, an important player in the innate immune system and the first-line defense against the invasion of cancer cells, which activity during the perioperative period is inversely related to the development of metastasis10,17. Several studies also showed that volatile anesthetics increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors and vascular endothelial growth factors that could enhance proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer cells10,18,19. In contrast, it has been reported that propofol did not suppress the natural killer activity and reduced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor10,15,20. Moreover, propofol may inhibit matrix metalloproteinases that are the key enzyme involved in breakdown of basement membrane, thus promoting tumor spread21,22. Therefore, this preserved immune function related to propofol during surgery could explain the differences in overall and recurrence-free survivals between VA and TIVA groups.
In this study, the incidence of postoperative myocardial dysfunction and sepsis in the VA group was lower than in the TIVA group. This observation is in accordance with recent findings suggesting that volatile anesthetics may provide organ protection by pre- or post-conditioning and anti-inflammatory effects, thus reducing postoperative complications14,23. However, these beneficial effects on the short-term outcome could not improve the long-term survival in our study. Thus, because anti-ischemic and anti-inflammatory effects of volatile anesthetics may be protective against organ damage during surgery, but potentially detrimental for cancer patients, the choice of anesthetics may need to be carefully assessed in the overall planning for perioperative care.
Several other perioperative factors including blood transfusion, opioid analgesics, and acute postoperative pain management strategy, which may influence immunomodulation and consequently recurrence or metastases after cancer surgery, may act as confounders. Perioperative allogenic blood transfusion has been reported to have an immunomodulatory effect and hence to be related to an increased risk of cancer recurrence and mortality10,24,25. In our study, packed red blood cells given intraoperatively were also associated with both worse overall and recurrence-free survival rates. However, due to our limited data on information related to transfusion (i.e. time of transfusion, use of irradiated or leukocyte-depleted red cell, and postoperative transfusion amounts), further evaluation based on our analysis is not possible. Additionally, opioid administration can suppress both cell-mediated and humoral immunity and promote angiogenesis by direct stimulation of the μ-opioid receptor or activation of vascular endothelial growth factor, which may increase cancer recurrence and mortality10,26. Both groups in the present study had received an infusion of the ultrashort-action opioid (remifentanil) during the surgery and rescue opioid analgesics in the postoperative period. However, due to the lack of information on the total amounts of opioids used during the perioperative period in our database, it is impossible to determine their contributory effects in our results. Furthermore, epidural analgesia has been suggested to have a beneficial impact on outcome after cancer surgery by inhibiting the neuroendocrine stress response and reducing perioperative opioid requirements10,27,28. In our study, the proportion of patients administered epidural analgesia in the TIVA group was higher than that in the VA group. Thus, although we adjusted for this factor in additional sensitivity analyses, we cannot completely exclude the possibility that this difference of use of epidural analgesia between the two groups could have influenced our results.
Several limitations are inherent in this study. First, because this was a retrospective single-center observational study, our findings could not determine the causal relationship between anesthetics and recurrence and survival after cancer surgery; thus, it should be only deemed as hypothesis-generating. Second, although we performed a multivariable analysis and propensity matching analysis with many variables to obtain reliable results and valuable information, we cannot exclude some unmeasured confounding factors that may be responsible for the result. Third, the management of esophageal cancer patients, including advances in surgical techniques, has evolved over the last few decades, which has resulted in improved outcomes for patients with esophageal cancer. In this study, although the choice of anesthetic agent was made according to the anesthesiologist's preference, the frequency of use of each agent showed year-to-year variation. Because detailed information about surgical techniques and cancer care advances were not available in our data set, we cannot completely exclude the possibility that advances in cancer care and surgical techniques over the 10-year period of study could influenced the outcomes. Fourth, the cancer subtype included in the present study was mostly squamous cell carcinoma. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is the most common subtype in East Asia and has a different outcome from adenocarcinoma1,2. Thus, the results might have been different if the subtype was mostly adenocarcinoma. Fifth, because the exact cause-of-death information on our study population was not available, we used all-cause mortality, not cancer-related mortality, as an outcome measure. Thus, these data should be interpreted with caution. Finally, there is significant variability across institutions in the practice of management of patients with cancer2. Because this was a single-center study conducted at a tertiary care academic medical center, caution should be taken when generalizing these results to centers with different patient profiles and different practices in the perioperative period.
Despite these limitations, if the relationship between anesthetics and recurrence and survival after cancer surgery is indeed causal, our results may have an important clinical implication for esophageal cancer management. Esophageal cancer is known to be an aggressive malignancy with high recurrence rates after esophagectomy due to the lymphatic and hematogenous metastases facilitated by the abundant lymphatic capillary network in the esophageal mucosa and submucosa2,8,9. Furthermore, patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer are generally exposed to anesthetics for long periods of time due to long operating durations. This suggests that the immunomodulatory effect of anesthetic agents on prognosis in esophageal cancer surgery could be larger than in other cancer surgery. Therefore, in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer, intravenous anesthesia with propofol should be preferred over volatile anesthetics as a strategy for improvement in postoperative survival. Given that the poor prognosis of esophageal cancer remained despite improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative management, further prospective randomized studies investigating the survival advantage of intravenous anesthesia with propofol in cancer surgery are urgently required.
This retrospective observational study of 922 patients who underwent elective esophageal cancer surgery found that intravenous anesthesia with propofol during surgery was related to better postoperative survival rates compared with volatile anesthesia. Further prospective randomized studies are warranted to support our findings.
This retrospective cohort study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of our institution (AMC IRB 2016–0889). All patients aged 20 years or older who underwent elective esophageal surgery in a tertiary hospital in South Korea between January 2005 and October 2015 were included. Clinical information, including demographic data, comorbidities, laboratory data, medication use, anesthetic management, operative techniques, postoperative management, and morbidity and mortality, were acquired from the Asan Medical Center Esophageal Surgery and Anesthesia Database and from a retrospective review of the computerized patient record system (Asan Medical Center Information System Electronic Medical Record). We excluded patients who (1) had esophagus tumors other than squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, (2) underwent other types of surgery simultaneously, and (3) received both forms of anesthesia within the study period. Based on the anesthesia administered during the surgery, patients were divided into either VA group or TIVA group. The present study was performed in accordance with STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) statement29. Informed consent was waived by the board due to the retrospective nature of the study without any harm to study subject.
The esophageal surgery and perioperative management strategies have been previously described in details30. Briefly, according to the preference of the attending anesthesiologists, the patients were given either volatile anesthetic agents (isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane) or intravenous anesthetic agent (propofol) during surgery (Supplementary Fig. S1). Opioid (remifentanil) was administered continuously in both groups and the dosage range was adjusted according to the hemodynamic parameters. None of the patients received nitrous oxide. Conventional parameters including heart rate, continuous arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and urine output were used for hemodynamic and fluid management. Packed red blood cells were transfused to maintain a hemoglobin level greater than 8 g/dL (in patients without ischemic disease) or 10 g/dL (in patients with ischemic disease). Postoperative analgesia was achieved using either epidural or intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. Intravenous analgesia was used occasionally if epidural analgesia was inapplicable.
During the study period, patients with resectable esophageal cancer of any stage, except T1/2N0M0, underwent preoperative chemo-radiotherapy. Preoperative chemo-radiotherapy consisted of cisplatin and fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy with concurrent radiotherapy at a total dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions of 1.8 Gy each. If hematologic or renal toxicity occurred, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were withheld until evidence of recovery. Subsequent esophagectomy by either Ivor Lewis operation (abdominal-right thoracic approach) or McKeown operation (thoracic-abdominal-cervical approach) with 2-field lymph node dissection was performed within 12 weeks of the conclusion of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
All operations were performed by experienced surgeons. During the Ivor Lewis operation, the patient was positioned supine. Stomach mobilization and gastric conduit formation with perigastric lymph nodes dissection were carried out. Subsequently, the patient was positioned in the left lateral decubitus position and the intra-thoracic esophagus and para-esophageal lymph glands were removed. The stomach was pulled up into the chest and anastomosis was made between the stomach tube and the remaining esophagus. During the McKeown operation, a right postero-lateral thoracotomy was performed in the left lateral decubitus position. Intra-thoracic esophagus dissection and mobilization were carried out. Subsequently, an incision was made on the left side of the neck and abdomen and the part of the esophagus in the neck, and mobilization of the stomach and gastric conduit formation with perigastric…
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How is your organization doing these days?
•	Are you finding it harder and harder to raise the funding your organization needs?
•	Do you struggle to maintain the attention and loyalty of those you serve?
•	Are you keenly aware that your ministry model is not working as a well as it used to in the "good old days"?
For the majority of us, our attention is drawn to what is happening inside of our organization. But all the threats and opportunities are outside of the organization. It's not just that we should pay attention to the economy; we have to look outside of the organization to see how our relevant environment for ministry is shifting.
In the field of branding, positioning is about how people view your organization. What mental category do people put your organization in, for example? Strategic direction is about where you're heading. When you notice that your organization is beginning to ride the downhill side of the growth curve, then you need an intentional change in your strategic direction.
If you look at websites for Christian colleges and universities, you will notice two basic approaches to how they describe who they are. Many websites seem to say, "Hey we are just as good or better than our competitors. We offer everything that they do." Others highlight their distinctiveness and uniqueness. Their websites seem to scream, "We are way different than other places you are looking at." Differentiate or continue to decline.
Sometimes leaders need to make hard choices. Often they need to launch new initiatives without the in-house talent to make it happen. It's easy for leaders to put off these kinds of difficult changes. But effective leaders find a way to execute on their strategy.
I don't think any nonprofit church or ministry can say that their current environment is not much different than it was in 2007. In US, we have just experienced the Great Recession. For current leaders, this is probably the worst financial crisis they have experienced in their lifetime. So how has your organization adapted? Or is your organization simply hunkered down and waiting for the economy to improve?
I recently read a helpful book that explains these five steps. It's called The Strategy Book by Max McKeown, a British business writer, and just released in the US this year. One of the most valuable parts is "The Strategy Book tool kit" in the back which is a helpful summary of 28 of the most important theories and models for business strategy. You can find it on Amazon.com.
My next book will be released by Tenth Power Publishing in a few weeks. It is titled I've Got Your Back and offers a fictional story of four twenty-somethings struggling with bad bosses. The back section sums up the teaching points in the story by offering a concise theology of leadership and followership. Yup, you read that correctly. More information coming soon.


text:
Krokočín is een Tsjechische gemeente in de regio Vysočina, en maakt deel uit van het district Třebíč.
Krokočín telt 209 inwoners.

Gemeente in Třebíč


we all slept very well which is important with 2 young children. All our party felt comfortable and relaxed throughout our stay!
Free on site parking. Friendly Staff.
Full English breakfast was a cheap addition, but think it should be included.
"everything you could want and more."
Close to my venue, and clean.
But tight squeeze to get in shower, more my fault than there's, as I am a big bloke.


exalting in the wonders of Kamchatka.
that I could ever travel thence.
And your own country might as well be Mars.
Masha's dacha will have to suffice.
and down my leg I piss.
I know discussion is futile.
Posted: 2018-04-04 in ©SvetkaSamizdat, Capitalism Is Death, Блядь!, Понимание, Увы!
And then the mechanism breaks.
So you look to fix it.
But it is way more complicated than necessary.
you're meant to phone a "friend".


Pearl Jam front man Eddie Vedder will serve as David Letterman's final musical guest next week as the host's Late Show tenure comes to a close after more than 20 years on CBS.
Vedder, who has performed on the show several times over the past 20 years, will reportedly perform with the Late Show's Paul Shaffer and the CBS Orchestra.
Letterman eventually adopted the Pear Jam hit as part of his nightly Schtick.
Numerous other celebrities have stopped by the Ed Sullivan Theatre to bid farewell to Letterman in the past few weeks, including President Obama.
Other musicians, such as Dave Matthews Band and Ryan Adams, have also made Letterman appearances recently to serenade the talk show host by revisiting old performances.
Tom Hanks will make his 60th appearance on the show Monday, Bill Murray plans to stop by Tuesday night for his 44th time, and CBS promises "an hour filled with surprises" for Wednesday's finale.
Stephen Colbert will take over for Letterman later this year, and is expected to shed his Comedy Central satirical persona.
Watch: Eddie Vedder Sings "Black" on Letterman in 1996.


microUgly's Vanity Site: Windows Live Writer – how do you do?
Windows Live Writer – how do you do?
I've quickly jumped onto using the release candidate of Windows 7 as my primary desktop operating system. One of the first things I noticed is that unlike Windows Vista, it's not bundled with Windows Photo Gallery and other tools. So when getting Windows Live Photo Gallery from Window Live I noticed Windows Live Writer for posting on blogs.
So that's what I'm doing, posting this blog from Windows Live Writer. I have to admit, it's pretty nice. The editor gives me pretty much exactly what a I need.
I've found the web-based Blogspot editor to be limited and awkward—I tend to find myself writing the raw HTML instead of using the WYSIWYG editor. But Live Writer (do we really need to prefix every Live product with "Windows Live"?) gives me a nice GUI with access to useful properties, such as Title and Rel attributes on links.
I was about to say that as a HTML purist, Live Writer was beginning to turn me on, as it correctly used
 to create paragraph breaks, instead of

 and even used
 tags correctly with
. But then I seen it uses  tags to change a font-face and  for underlines—so they've really dropped the ball there. Is it that hard to make it use  tags with inline styles?
Despite using deprecated HTML, I'll probably still use Live Writer because it's so easy and works so well.
I like it too. I just wish it could do a little more... like be able to set default margins around your photos instead of having to remember to select them.
I was? I WANTED. lol!


text:
16th Assembly District, Election 2018, Uncategorized
AD16: Baker, Bauer-Kahan engage in lively debate on guns, teachers, and environment
Date: September 18, 2018Author: Steven Tavares 1 Comment
In a lively debate Sunday night in Pleasanton, Republican 16th District Assemblymember Catharine Baker and Democratic challenger Rebecca Bauer-Kahan traded barbs and rebutted each others claims covering topics such as gun control, teachers unions, and the environment.
Baker, who is seeking re-election for a third term in the perennially moderate Tri-Valley and Contra Costa County assembly district, burnished her record over the past four years in Sacramento. But the same record provided cudgel for Bauer-Kahan, a Orinda attorney, to poke holes in Baker's voting history, particularly on gun control.
Baker told the audience at Pleasanton's Congregation Beth Emek synagogue that during her time in office she has often urged Republican colleagues to join her belief that some restrictions must be placed on firearms. "I believe in common sense gun control and that's something you won't see Republicans always support," she said.
I don't want people carrying guns on school campuses under any condition and that's how I feel, said Rebecca Bauer-Kahan.
But Bauer-Kahan pointed to a loophole that Baker refused to close allowing school superintendents to approve concealed carry for some employees. Regardless of the circumstances, Bauer-Kahan said all guns should be banned from schools.
"I think there's no excuse for it," she said of Baker's vote, and added, the presence of unsecured guns is a reason why mass shootings have occurred in the state and across the nation. "I don't want people carrying guns on school campuses under any condition and that's how I feel. I don't want someone pulling a gun out on a schoolyard no matter who they are."
In a back-and-forth that lasted through several rounds of rebuttals, Baker highlighted her support for more than four dozen "common sense gun control bills" since being elected in 2014. "I have an 'F' from the NRA," she added, building her gun control credentials, along with support for expanding prohibitions on guns on school and university campuses.
But when it came to the bill referenced by Bauer-Kahan, Baker said the gun control advocacy group, Brady Campaign, also did not support the legislation. "There are victims of domestic violence who work in our schools," said Baker, "and you are basically telling them at community college campuses and universities, here's where you can find her and you cannot protect yourself and there are children in the line of fire."
Baker, for the most part, batted away some of Bauer-Kahan's rhetoric by employing a tactic she used in 2016 to defeat Democrat Cheryl Cook-Kallio–the existence of "secret" union questionnaires filled out by Democrats, including Bauer-Kahan.
After acknowledging some of Baker's votes in favor of environmental protections, Bauer-Kahan slammed her for not doing more. "Forty percent of the time on the environment isn't good enough." We need people on these core issues that are going to be with us 100 percent of the time."
Baker laid out her environment record that includes, halting off-shore oil drilling, protecting the state's national parks from de-listing by federal government, and supporting renewable energy. Baker then made the first of three attempts Sunday night to tie Bauer-Kahan's platform to special interests, namely for her participation with internal candidate questionnaires sometime used by unions and other group to determine election endorsements.
"Many groups require that you fill out written surveys and questionnaires in exchange for support, endorsements and volunteers. I don't fill them out," said Baker. "The Sierra Club will never endorse me and one of the reason why is I don't fill out their questionnaire. They won't even interview me." Baker then instructed the audience "to be wary of candidates who fill them out."
The scope of the pension problem in California is beginning to squeeze out every local budget, every school budget and U.C. You can't cut you're way out of it, and you can't raise taxes to make up for the unfunded pension liability, said Catharine Baker.
Baker later used the same line of attack to tie Bauer-Kahan to the California Teachers Association over reform of teachers tenure. When Bauer-Kahan offered a process currently exists for removing substandard teachers and principals, Baker seized on the opportunity. "A process exists but it costs about a half million dollars," said Baker. "It is a broken process." Baker said legislation she authored to provide additional factors to be considered during teacher layoffs other than simply seniority was unsuccessful. She blamed the California Teachers Association for repeatedly killing her reform bills before noting the union supports Bauer-Kahan.
"I'm not shy that I'm supported by workers," Bauer-Kahan responded. "I'm not going to Sacramento to support the special interests. I'm going to vote for you and all of us and make sure we're all represented."
Bauer-Kahan, though, had her own tweak for Baker. "If you want to talk about who supports me, I'm happy to talk about it because I'm not supported by Big Oil and lot of the other special interests and my opponent is." Baker, who was seated, crinkled her nose at the swipe, but the audience largely ignored Baker's ties to the oil industry. One reason might the fact that Chevron, one of the largest companies in the world, is headquartered in nearby San Ramon, which is part of the 16th Assembly District.
Baker reiterated her support for Proposition 6, the state repeal of the gas tax, saying the state should be a better steward of the tax revenues it already receives. Bauer-Kahan opposes Prop. 6.
Baker also opposes Assembly Bill 2923, legislation currently sitting on the Gov. Jerry Brown's desk, that would give BART the ability to develop property it owns near its stations for housing. Baker said communities with BART stations in her district–Lafayette, Dublin-Pleasanton, Walnut Creek–are already doing a good job building housing. "BART has enough problems as it is right now," she added. Bauer-Kahan also opposes AB 2923, saying control of planning belong at the local level.
Earlier this year, a bill coauthored by Baker and East Bay State Sen. Steve Glazer that would give state employees the option to switch from a dedicated pension plan to a 401k died in committee. On Sunday night, Baker said unfunded pension liabilities is the state's biggest problem.
"The scope of the pension problem in California is beginning to squeeze out every local budget, every school budget and U.C.," said Baker. "You can't cut you're way out of it, and you can't raise taxes to make up for the unfunded pension liability." Bauer-Kahan acknowledged the ongoing problem and urged for municipalities to pay more into lowering its share of unfunded liabilities, but also called on CalPERS to be more conservative in their pension outlook.
AB2923AD16AssemblyBARTBeth EmekBig OilCalifornia Teachers Associationcandidate forumChevronContra Costa CountyenvironmentGun ControlNRAPleasantonProposition 6repeal the gas taxRepublicansteacher tenureTri Valleyunion questionnaires
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As a moderate Democrat, we in AD16 LOVE Clean Cathy Baker. She is the real deal! We don't need the union whores telling us whom to elect. The whores are the whole reason that Sacramento is such a mess. They continue to pick the pockets of CA taxpayers. Cathy Baker 2018!


text:
MATCH REPORT: Barnet 2 - 0 Newport County
Barnet win 2-0 against Newport County at The Hive.
A John Akinde double helped Barnet to three points, as they beat Newport County in an exciting Boxing Day clash at The Hive.
Andy Yiadom was felled in the area by Medy Elito in the 51st minute, with the last man receiving his marching orders from referee Tim Robinson.
Akinde calmly slotted home the spot kick to give the Bees a second half advantage.
The forward then added a second in the 89th minute to ensure that the Bees secured a second home win in successive games.
Luke Gambin had the opening chance of the match for Barnet when his fifth minute shot from the edge of the box was tipped over the bar by Joe Day.
The Newport keeper again had to be at his best two minutes later, when he got down low to turn Aaron McLean's right wing drive around the post.
The visitors' first chance of note came in the 27th minute, when Tommy O'Sullivan fired a volley into the side netting after a quick throw from Danny Holmes.
Yiadom had a chance to break the deadlock on 34 minutes, but his shot from the edge of the box flew wide of the left post.
Newport responded a minute later when Scott Boden connected with an O'Sullivan's cross from the right, only to see his shot fly over the bar from a couple of yards out.
Elito then tried a speculative long-range drive that went just wide of the right post on the stroke of half time.
County's O'Sullivan fired another dangerous cross into the box just after the half time break – this time Lenell John-Lewis headed over the crossbar.
The game then turned in Barnet's favour when Yiadom was brought down in the box by Elito in the 51st minute.
The midfielder saw red, and Akinde rolled the resulting penalty into the bottom right corner.
Newport responded to going a goal down though John-Lewis – the powerful forward floated a shot over the bar after 55 minutes.
John-Lewis was again in the thick of the action ten minutes later, when his header forced Ian Lawlor into an outstanding save down to his right.
Yiadom had two chances to extend the Bees' lead with a quarter of an hour left on the clock.
Barnet's captain saw his diving header saved by Day, after meeting Elliott Johnson's pinpoint cross from the left.
County's keeper then pushed away Yiadom's shot from distance a minute later.
The Bees extended their lead in the penultimate minute of the match, when Akinde latched onto a mix up in the Newport defence to poke him his second of the game.
Martin Allen's side are now unbeaten in three matches, and head to Cambridge United's Abbey Stadium on Monday.
BARNET: Lawlor, Hoyte, Johnson, Dembele, N'Gala, Yiadom ©, Weston (Taylor 89'), Togwell, Gambin, Akinde (Lisbie 90'), McLean (Gash 85').
Subs Not Used: McKenzie-Lyle, Champion, Muggleton, Odoffin.


Rick talks with Sean Tubbs, senior reporter with Charlottesville Tomorrow, about the Rt. 29 Western Bypass.
Sean Tubbs joined Charlottesville Tomorrow in 2007 as its first Program Officer. Now Charlottesville Tomorrow's Senior Reporter, Mr. Tubbs began his journalism career in 1992 while working for a Virginia Tech school newspaper. He transitioned to radio news and has worked at both non-profit and public radio stations in Virginia, including a stint as news director at WNRN. His 2001 documentary on Virginia's Eugenics Movement won a regional Edward R. Murrow Award. Mr. Tubbs founded the Charlottesville Podcasting Network in 2005 where he pioneered the use of audio podcasts for public media in Central Virginia.
Charlottesville Tomorrow held its first ever "community conversation" on January 10, 2011. Land use expert Ed McMahon with the Urban Land Institute delivered an hour long presentation about the connection between a community's self-image and its economic performance. Read more at Charlottesville Tomorrow.
At their meeting on October 19, 2010, the Albemarle County Planning Commission held a public hearing on a critical slopes waiver for a new Pantops fire station. Planning commissioner Cal Morris asked during the meeting that the station be expanded to accomodate a meeting space. Read more at Charlottesville Tomorrow.
Brian Wheeler, Executive Director of Charlottesville Tomorrow, talks with Coy about media literacy, the Fontaine Research Park and the latest on the water debate.
09.07.10 Coy Barefoot, host of WINA's Charlottesville Right Now talks a variety of local issues with Executive Director of Charlottesville Tomorrow, Brian Wheeler.
8.9.10- Richard Lloyd and Dede Smith give Coy an update on the 50 Year Water Supply Plan. Today's topic includes discussion of the results of the latest study which shows that the Rivanna Dam is in better condition than it was assumed to be.
8.9.10- Brian Wheeler, Executive Director of Charlottesville Tomorrow, discusses his resignation from the Albemarle School Board with Coy Barefoot. Topics included Brian's hopes for the future of the School Board.
7.19.10- Dede Smith, a representative for the group Citizens for a Sustainable Water Supply Plan, talked with Coy Barefoot about Dredging the Rivanna River. The latest reports will be announce tomorrow night at City Council.
7.12.10- Brian Wheeler, of Charlottesville Tomorrow, updates Coy Barefoot on growth and development for the county. Topics include the best pie in the state, the Board of Supervisor's Action Plan for economic growth, and possible traffic patterns for the 250 bypass and 29.


Personality development in junior and senior high school athletes: Focusing on ego development. Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, 51, 757-771, 2006.
Change in Self-Concept through Ski Classes: An Examination of Effective Intervention Strategy. Japanese Journal of Sport Psychology, 31(1), 49-59, 2004.
Relationship of sports experience and ego development of adolescent Japanese athletes. Psychological Reports, 95, 13-26, 2004.


A lot of people which are relatively recent to Internet marketing usually get stuck somewhere in the operation of finding out the 'back end' technology. They're not sure what hosting is, or how you can push the button. They have not a clue what an FTP client is. They are scared to death about forcing a landing page or website. I am not sure that's right. Certainly, Internet 2.0 has provided to have an instantaneous dialogue between writers and readers and that we are not satisfied any longer with just the bare presentation of facts, arguments, propaganda and lies. And the very static "letters towards the editor," - that's, the traditionalists' old fashioned try to stimulate audience participation - pales under the online world's "like" and "comment" buttons that accompany most e-journal pieces nowadays. "Going viral" happens faster on the Internet than in traditional media. The fact that most traditionalists have embraced the Internet to issue e-versions of these paper editions ensures that they just don't need to be left behind. To make matters worse for the old guard, the recent telephone bugging scandals in the traditionalists have never endeared the crooks to readers. Traditional content providers are in the market to sell advertizing - everyone knows that - so mass appeal is where their interests lie along with the citizen journalists are still to cover the niches. Therefore, you could argue, how comprehensive is traditional journalism if it's shaped by the powerful sponsor with vested interests? Nevertheless it is erroneous to believe that most the inputs which are to the web business can become setting up a profit. There are some folks that create a loss or they see that they can't cope with this way of working. You should be realistic in regards to the prospects that can your way in terms of the web business model. That way you do not be disappointed when the outcomes are not spectacular. A touch of realism may also be the encouragement you'll want to work even harder with your business. You will know that there is an accounting process that includes some failures every once in awhile. That is the essence of web business. Of course too much negativity may also decrease your capability to explore new opportunities. You have to be both optimistic and realistic in the way which you conduct your affairs. There is nothing quite as rewarding as teaching. When you explain something you understand to another individual, you've empowered them in a special way. Teaching others how you can set up an online business is definitely essentially the most rewarding with instructions on is going to do, because this has got the potential of changing people's lives forever. After using the rogue removal application, it is very important cleanse your registry to prevent XP Internet Security 2011 from infecting your PC again. The registry stores entries of program settings and options. Unless you completely remove all registry keys infected with the malware, the issue can keep finding its way back. I have an aviation background so within my world, every action things allow PSSL Subsidiary we take begins with a checklist. Over the years, I have designed a system of checklists that I utilization in everyday life. Checklists are used for two purposes. One is to make a routine for which you need to accomplish. The second reason is to make sure that you haven't missed some of the steps. I use a checklist within my Network Marketing business to make certain I am completing my daily tasks. It is particularly significant is to stay consistent to my Internet Market plan. Here is my typical daily checklist: In April of 2010, they made a decision to dip their toes into social websites and hang up a Facebook fan page for the series. What followed has surprised them and delighted their fans. I sat down with Merle Good, publisher of Good Books,* to inquire about him in regards to the increase of their Facebook fans from 0 to 80,127 inside of three months. 2. Get to know people: Getting to know people is quite useful given it makes a difference between being noticed and just merely an 'add'. So how do you treat it? be genuine obviously so when you meet people who have genuine stories all you have to do is show interest and then take it from there. Engage in discussions and people! Internet marketing is simply moving increasingly more towards these kinds of individualized selling. Consider Facebook's advertising program, that allows you to definitely pinpoint individuals who will view your ad with the incredible level of precision. It lets you target people based on age, gender, marital status, political and religious views, education, workplace, each single among their keywords (like favorite movies and books). Think about Amazon and a lot of other online retail sites, which continue to try and personalize their product recommendations determined by your previous buying behavior. You will learn the gap between direct and indirect monetization, too. An example of indirect monetization is but one you are probably informed about in some way, affiliate commissions. This method funnels money to you on account of someone else's efforts. Direct monetization would include freelance writing that creates earnings based on how many people read your material. You'll find out how you can do effective and profitable advertising that promotes your site and puts it inside top connection between search engines.


1.Read as much as you can.we recommend newly news in our daily life,world news,medical news,polity news and more. short articles,novel are good rof esl students.
2.Read the instructions on the test for each set of questions. Understand exactly what you are being asked to do. This way, you'll not spend time looking for answers to types of questions that are not being asked.
3.Focus on deep reading, read the same article for many times. try to find the answer in shortest time.
4.Note key words and phrases in each question and set of answers. You'll know exactly what words and phrases to look for in the passage.
5.Scan the article for information in diagrams, pictures, and section headings.many information are not relate to question, skip it,save your time.
6.Read the section that has the answers you need closely and for detail.if you found the text relate to question,please read it for two or three times.get the real answer.
7.If you don't know the answer, or have no more time ,just guess.It is better to answer a question than to leave it blank.


OR, email workshop selections and payment information to: paiget@explorationworks.org.
For scholarship inquires, or to register by phone, call 406-457-1800 ext. 1. Registration will be open until February 21, 2019.
Interested in volunteering at this event? Email us at: karig@explorationworks.org!


Apologies for the issue. We are in the process of rolling out a hotfix for this issue. Please send a mail to "viradham@microsoft.com" with your account details. We will unblock test plan creation in your account till the hotfix roll out completes.


IF WE LIVE UNITED, WE WILL FIND A WAY.
United Way of Ashtabula County envisions a world where every individual has an opportunity to succeed and entire communities thrive as a result.
© 2019 United Way of Ashtabula County. All Rights Reserved.


Larry McCallon was elected to the Highland City Council in November 2002. He is a Past President of the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) and represents the City of Highland and the City San Bernardino on its Regional Council. He is a City Member on San Bernardino County's Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO). He is also the Immediate Past President of the San Bernardino County Transportation Authority (SBCTA), where he is a member of its Administration, Plans & Programs, Major Projects, and Commuter Rail & Transit Committees. He is also a SBCTA alternate representative on the Southern California Regional Rail Authority (Metrolink) Board of Directors.
He is a past President of the League of California Cities Inland Empire Division and has received its James Thalman Memorial Public Service Award. He is also Past President of the League's Mayor and Council Members Department, serves on the League's Admin Services Policy Committee, and is a graduate of the League's Mayors and Council Members Leadership in Action Program. He has been awarded a Leadership Fellow Certificate of Achievement in the National League of Cities (NLC) Leadership program and is a graduate of the SCAG Regional Leadership Academy at USC. He received a Good Government Award from the Building Industry Association (BIA) of Southern California for his leadership, while SCAG President, in the noteworthy development of a Southern California Economic Recovery & Job Creation Strategy.
In 2005, the County Board of Supervisors appointed him to the San Bernardino County Indian Gaming Community Benefit Committee where he currently serves as the Chair. Prior to his position on the Council, McCallon was a City of Highland Planning Commissioner, a member of the City's Community Trails Committee, and served two terms as President of the Highland Area Chamber of Commerce.
McCallon served in the United States Air Force for 21 years and was awarded the Bronze Star medal during the Vietnam War. McCallon is a retired local businessman with 18 years experience as President and CEO of McFAM Corporation dba McCLEANERS. Prior to retirement, he also directed multi-million dollar aerospace development and production programs at the Northrop Grumman Corporation. He received the Highland Area Chamber of Commerce's Presidents Award in 1998, Business of the Year Award in 1999, and Member of the Year Award in 2000. He also received the 1999 Small Business Recognition Award from the San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors.
In addition to his civic duties, McCallon is a member of the Kiwanis Club of Highland and a member of Immanuel Baptist Church's Global Outreach activities both locally and around the world. From 2000 to 2006, he was on the Board of Directors of the Arrowhead United Way, and he served on their Planning and Allocation Committee.
McCallon received two Bachelor of Science degrees from The University of Michigan and a Master of Science degree from the Air Force Institute of Technology. He is married and has four children and eight grandchildren.
Gregory T. Winterbottom serves as a member of the MSRC representing the Orange County Transportation Authority. Greg brings with him a career of more than 20 years involvement in transportation issues. He serves as the Public Member on the OCTA Board of Directors and is also the Chairman of the OCTA Transit, Planning and Operations Committee.
Greg previously served as the executive director to the Orange County Consolidated Transportation Services Agency (CTSA), an agency that provided paratransit service to persons with disabilities and one of the agencies consolidated into OCTA in 1991. He now works as an independent consultant on accessibility issues for persons with disabilities. As a wheelchair user, Winterbottom brings a unique and important viewpoint regarding transportation and transit mobility. His sensitivity to issues regarding persons with disabilities along with his extensive experience in transportation and government have benefited our communities over the past two decades.
Greg served as Senior Consultant to the Senate Select Committee on Southern California Transportation Problems. He has previously served on Selective Service Board #160, the Adult Day Health Care/Long Term Health Care Planning Council, and the Dayle McIntosh Center for the Disabled (Founding Chairman of the Board).
Growing up in the Coachella Valley and starting his own computer networking business in 2001, Councilmember Benoit moved to the City of Wildomar in 2004. After personally going though the development process of building a house off of an unmaintained dirt road in Wildomar, he became a strong supporter of the effort to incorporate Wildomar as a City in order to bring local control to the community.
Having been involved in Rotary and the Chamber of Commerce, Councilmember Benoit was encouraged to run for the Wildomar City Council in 2010 and was elected. He also served as Mayor Pro Tem in 2011 and 2014 and as Mayor in 2012 and 2015.
Councilmember Benoit serves as Vice Chair for Western Riverside Council of Governments (WRCOG) and was a part of the Board when it won the President's Award for Excellence from Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) for WRCOG's HERO program. The HERO Financing Program is the nation's largest Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) program, and Councilmember Benoit is a strong supporter of bringing this program to other municipalities throughout California.
Serving on Riverside County Transportation Commission (RCTC), Councilmember Benoit has been a strong supporter of helping further Metrolink's reach into Riverside County. He sits on the Perris Valley Line (PVL) ad hoc committee, and is proud of his participation in bringing such an important project to fruition.
In addition, serving on two conservation boards, Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority (RCA) and as Vice-Chair of Riverside County Habitat Conservation Agency (RCHCA), Councilmember Benoit understands the need to meet Federal mandates while supporting local businesses.
Councilmember Benoit's community involvement is motivated by his family. "My daughter Abby is the primary reason I decided to become politically involved. Wanting to ensure a better quality of life for her is the primary reason I spend so much time focused on improving our community."
Jack Kitowski is the Chief of the Mobile Source Control Division for the California Air Resources Board (ARB) where he leads a team that is responsible for achieving criteria, particulate, and greenhouse gas emission reductions, primarily from heavy-duty mobile sources. Key programmatic areas include the design, development, and implementation of various regulations affecting the heavy-duty on-road and off-road sector as well as the development and administration of incentive funding for low carbon transportation and cleaner vehicles and equipment.
Mr. Kitowski has over twenty five years of regulatory, research, testing, and planning experience with ARB. Until recently he was the Assistant Division Chief in the Industrial Strategies Division, overseeing the low carbon fuels program as well as emission reduction programs for oil and gas production, transmission, and storage. He is a graduate of UCLA with a degree in Chemical Engineering and is a registered professional engineer.
Rex Richardson was elected to the Long Beach City Council in 2014 to represent the neighborhoods of North Long Beach in District 9, and serves as Chair of the Economic Development Committee and the Long Beach Housing Authority.
Councilmember Richardson's history in Long Beach is grounded in advocating for our most vulnerable residents and empowering communities to have a seat at the table and an opportunity to thrive.
City-wide, Councilmember Richardson has worked to shift the culture of City Hall by embracing a systemic and collaborative approach to solving the city's challenges. Richardson championed the creation of the Long Beach Office of Equity, to help address the economic and health disparities affecting Long Beach neighborhoods, and spearheaded a number of innovative initiatives that provide more opportunities to close the gap for our vulnerable populations, including the Long Beach My Brother's Keeper Initiative, and the PATH Young Adult Diversion program.
Representing the 9th District, he has led North Long Beach on a "Roadmap to its Renaissance" by placing a focus on economic and community revitalization, with major infrastructure investment, like the new Michelle Obama Neighborhood Library, Houghton Park Community Center, new retail development, the Creative Corridor Mural Arts Project, and the Empower Uptown Participatory Budgeting process.
His work at City Council has been recognized by the United States Department of Education, California League of Cities, Southern California Association of Governments, and has received five American Planning Association Awards.
Most recently, Councilmember Richardson launched #EveryoneIn, an initiative designed to create a local economy that includes and benefits every Long Beach resident. #EveryoneIn is working to create more economic opportunities for small business owners, aspiring entrepreneurs, and will ensure every community, every resident, and every business is the central focus our city's economic prosperity.
Rex, his wife Nina, and daughters Alina and Mila are proud residents of the Collins Neighborhood in North Long Beach.


text:
Sven Einar Backlund (* 31. Mai 1917 in Stockholm, Schweden; † 1. September 1997 ebenda) war ein schwedischer Diplomat.

Sven Einar Backlund war der Sohn von Sven Backlund und dessen Frau Herta (geborene Bergström). Nach Abschluss seines Studiums der Politik wurde er 1942 Attaché beim Außenministerium. In seiner Funktion war er 1943 in Washington D.C., 1944 in Minneapolis, 1945 in San Francisco, 1946 in London und 1947 in Oslo eingesetzt. Von 1955 bis 1961 war er Leiter der Pressestelle des Außenministeriums, von 1961 bis 1963 Abgeordneter in Belgrad und 1964–1967 Generalkonsul in West-Berlin. Backlund war von 1968 bis 1972 Schwedens Botschafter in der Europäischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft in Brüssel und von 1972 bis 1983 in Bonn.

Backlund war Mitarbeiter des UNO-Generalsekretärs Dag Hammarskjöld. Er erhielt die Ernst-Reuter-Plakette.

Er war mit Kristina Molander verheiratet, das Paar hatte zwei Kinder: Karin (geboren 1946) und Sven (geboren 1947).

Einzelnachweise

Schwedischer Botschafter
Schwedischer Botschafter in Deutschland
Träger der Ernst-Reuter-Plakette
Träger des Nordstern-Ordens (Kommandeur 1. Klasse)
Schwede
Geboren 1917
Gestorben 1997
Mann


text: Q: How can I get structure of database without using dump and backup queries? I need to have a copy of db structure from remote machine on my computer. I don't have an access to create a dump file (my coworkers too) also I can't connect to database. Is there any way to get the database structure? (snapshot isn't a solution because db is huge)

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