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MORETON ROLLESTON, JR. LIVING TRUST v. GLYNN COUNTY BOARD OF TAX ASSESSORS.
A97A2038.
(228 Ga. App. 371)
(491 SE2d 812)
ELDRIDGE, Judge.
Taxation. Glynn Superior Court. Before Judge Tuten.
Appellant Moreton Rolleston, Jr. Living Trust owned three properties in Glynn County, Georgia: (1) Cottage No. 303, Lots 1072, 1073-1071, 05-00166 0011-10 014-004, Sea Island, Georgia ("Tract One"); (2) Vacant Lot, Lot 1, 2 Blk 65, 05-00176 0011-10 019-001, Sea Island, Georgia ("Tract Two"); and (3) 2225 Bruce Drive, 04-02972, S001-00 006-008, 19 & 20 Bl 27, East Beach, St. Simons Island, Georgia ("Tract Three"). In 1995, appellee Glynn County Board of Tax Assessors ("Assessors") reassessed the property by raising the fair market value ("FMV") as follows: (1) Tract One from $839,776 to $1,146,375; and (2) Tract Two from $235,000 to $279,000; the raise in FMV of Tract Three was subsequently settled and is not in dispute. Within 45 days of the date of assessment by the Assessors, on September 11, 1995, appellant filed a notice of appeal pursuant to OCGA 48-5-311 (e) (2). The Assessors did not respond to appellant's notice of appeal for over 180 days, which under OCGA 48-5-311 (e) (3), should automatically cause the appeals to be referred to the Joint Board of Equalization for hearing upon such failure by the Assessors; this referral has never been made by the Assessors. The Board of Equalization failed to set a hearing date within 15 days of the receipt of the notice of appeal as required by OCGA 48-5-311 (e) (6) (A) and failed to hold a hearing within 30 days of the notification of the appeal, because no notification was given to them by the Assessors under OCGA 48-5-311 (e) (6) (A) and (B).
On June 26, 1996, in Civil Action 93-00359, Superior Court of Glynn County, Gary Moore, Glynn County Attorney, acting on behalf of Glynn County Assessors, entered into a settlement with appellant of a prior tax appeal over reassessments of the property. The settlement was made and entered as a consent order and judgment that established the FMV of Tract One at $839,776 and of Tract Two at $235,000, for the ad valorem taxable years of 1992, 1993, and 1994.
On June 17, 1996, appellant filed a complaint against the Assessors in the Superior Court of Glynn County, praying "[t]hat this Court enter an Order declaring that the increase in fair market value of Plaintiff's property for the years 1995 and 1996 be declared invalid." The basis for declaring the reassessments invalid is "[t]he failures of the Assessors and the Board of Equalization [of Glynn County] to follow procedures set forth hereinabove nullifies the increase in fair market values of Tracts One, Two and Three over and above the fair market values established for said Tracts for the tax years [1995 and 1996]." The Assessors answered on August 1, 1996. On August 12, 1996, appellant moved for summary judgment. The Assessors filed their motion for summary judgment on September 9, 1996.
On January 22, 1997, the trial court dismissed the complaint for lack of jurisdiction, finding "that it is without jurisdiction to entertain such motions. The Georgia Supreme Court has held in a number of cases that as a matter of policy and judicial economy, a Superior Court should not exercise its equitable jurisdiction in tax assessment cases to address issues of valuation, taxability, uniformity, constitutionality, including the constitutionality of appraisal methods, and procedure, which may be reviewed via statutory appeal to a county board of equalization pursuant to OCGA 48-5-311. Appeal was filed to the Supreme Court timely. By order of the Supreme Court of Georgia, this appeal was transferred to this Court.
1. Appellant's first enumeration of error is that the trial court erred in dismissing the complaint.
Appellant filed a complaint asking the trial court for declaratory relief, i.e., to find that the reassessments by the Assessors for the years 1995 and 1996 were invalid for failure to follow OCGA 48-5-311 (e) (2), (3), and (6) (A) and (B). While the complaint does not specifically invoke OCGA 9-4-1 et seq., the complaint sets forth a case of uncertainty, where declaratory judgment is sought to declare the assessments for 1995 and 1996 invalid, because the Assessors have failed or refused to act under a statutory mandate that would otherwise give appellant the right to appeal to superior court.
Declaratory judgments are used to "settle and afford relief from uncertainty and insecurity with respect to rights, status, and other legal relations; and this chapter is to be liberally construed and administered." OCGA 9-4-1; Burgess v. Burgess, 210 Ga. 380, 382-383 (2) (80 SE2d 280) (1954); Calvary Independent Baptist Church v. City of Rome, 208 Ga. 312, 315 (4) (66 SE2d 726) (1951); City of Brunswick v. Anderson, 204 Ga. 515 (1) (50 SE2d 337) (1948). The purpose of declaratory relief is to permit a determination of the obligations of the parties before such obligations are repudiated or rights are violated. Rowan v. Herring, 214 Ga. 370, 372-373 (105 SE2d 29) (1958). The goal of declaratory judgment is not to delay the trial of a case in which rights have already vested, but to guide the parties and prevent uncertainty and insecurity with respect to the propriety of some future act or conduct in order not to jeopardize their interests. Pendleton v. City of Atlanta, 236 Ga. 479 (1) (224 SE2d 357) (1976). In the case sub judice, appellant is uncertain as to whether he must continue to follow the statutory appeal procedure under OCGA 48-5-311 (e) in order to contest the reassessment of his property, or whether such reassessment is void and can be ignored, because the Assessors failed or refused to act under the statutory mandate.
Under OCGA 9-4-3 (a), "[f]urther plenary relief, legal . . . including [legal injunction under OCGA 9-4-3 (b) and] mandamus . . . , may be sought in a petition seeking declaratory judgment, and in such case, the action shall be governed as to process, service, and procedure by Code Section 9-4-5. In all such cases, the court shall award to the petitioning party such relief as the pleadings and evidence may show him to be entitled; and the failure of the petition to state a cause of action for declaratory relief shall not affect the right of the party to any other relief, legal or equitable, to which he may be entitled."
Even if no other relief is set forth in the appellant's complaint, it appears to have set forth the elements for a mandamus to issue against the Assessors to compel them to do what they are mandated to do, within certain time parameters. OCGA 48-5-311 (e). "All official duties should be faithfully performed; and whenever, from any cause, a defect of legal justice would ensue from a failure to perform or from improper performance, the writ of mandamus may issue to compel a due performance, if there is no other specific legal remedy for the legal rights." OCGA 9-6-20; Wofford Oil Co. of Ga. v. City of Calhoun, 183 Ga. 511 (189 SE 5) (1936). Mandamus is the remedy for official inaction. Coastal Svc. v. Jackson, 223 Ga. 238 (154 SE2d 365) (1967); Touchton v. Echols County, 211 Ga. 85 (84 SE2d 81) (1954). Here, the acts of the Assessors in transmitting the notice of appeal to the Board of Equalization is purely ministerial and requires no exercise of discretion after the passage of 180 days without action on their part. Anderson v. McMurry, 217 Ga. 145 (121 SE2d 22) (1961). Under the plain language of OCGA 48-5-311 (e), appellant has a legal right to such procedure. In fact, the trial court correctly held that appellant has no right to equitable relief, only relief under OCGA 48-5-311 (e). City of Atlanta v. North by Northwest Civic Assn., 262 Ga. 531, 535 (3) (422 SE2d 651) (1992).
Under Ga. Const. 1983, Art. VI, Sec. I, Par. IV, and Art. VI, Sec. IV, Par. I, the Superior Court of Glynn County has jurisdiction over both declaratory actions and petitions for writs of mandamus. See also OCGA 9-4-5. Therefore, the trial court erred in finding that it lacked jurisdiction as it had jurisdiction at law to afford the relief prayed for by declaratory judgment. The court also had equity jurisdiction, but should exercise judicial restraint in tax cases, under certain circumstances. City of Atlanta v. North by Northwest Civic Assn., supra at 535; Tax Assessors of Gordon County v. Chitwood, 235 Ga. 147, 153-154 (218 SE2d 759) (1975); Vann v. DeKalb County Bd. of Tax Assessors, 186 Ga. App. 208 (367 SE2d 43) (1988). However, appellant did not bring this as an action in equity, and it appears that other possible relief exists, either in declaratory judgment and/or writ of mandamus, which the trial court has not addressed on the merits. Fulton County Bd. of Tax Assessors v. Jones, 264 Ga. 828 (452 SE2d 99) (1995). Therefore, the trial court's dismissal for lack of jurisdiction is reversed, and the case is remanded for further consideration not inconsistent with this opinion.
2. Appellant's second enumeration of error is that the trial court dismissed the complaint seeking the declaration that the Assessors' reassessment of the property in 1995 and 1996 was invalid under OCGA 48-5-299 (c), because in a prior appeal of a reassessment for 1992, 1993, and 1994, a consent order was issued fixing the FMV, and the Assessors were without power to reassess the property for two years under such order in 1995 and 1996, absent a showing the the reassessment came within an exception.
Appellant failed to raise this issue in the court below or to perfect the record by putting the consent order in evidence; however, on remand these issues and the construction of OCGA 48-5-299 (c) must be dealt with in the declaratory judgment action, because proof of the consent order of the superior court on a tax appeal setting FMV for 1992, 1993, and 1994, and establishing the reassessment values for 1992, 1993, and 1994, brings the 1995 and 1996 reassessments into the two-year period of prohibited reassessment. Thus, unless the Assessors can demonstrate an exception under OCGA 48-5-299 (c), the Assessors acted without authority to reassess this property during the years 1995 and 1996. If appellant prevails on these issues, then the 1995 and 1996 reassessments are illegal and void ab initio, and appellant is entitled to a declaratory judgment to that effect and to such ancillary relief as is necessary to enforce the judgment. Otherwise, the trial court must decide the issues presented in Division 1.
Subsection (c) of OCGA 48-5-299 was added by Ga. L. 1994, p. 786, 1. The title of the amendment is "Revenue--Ad Valorem Taxes; Realty; Valuation by Board of Equalization or Superior Court; Investigation Required Before Change for Two Years," which indicates that an "Investigation [of the subject property is] required before change [in reassessments established by the Board of Equalization or Superior Court] for two years." The caption of the act, which describes the content and purpose of the amendment as notice to the voting legislators, states: "To amend Code Section 48-5-299 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to ascertainment and assessment duties of county boards of tax assessors, so as to provide for conditions under which valuations established or decisions rendered on certain appeals can be changed by such board; to provide an effective date; to provide for applicability; to repeal conflicting laws; and for other purposes." (Emphasis supplied.)
Thus, the title and caption indicate that the intent of the General Assembly was to limit reassessment of property for two years, except under certain conditions, after a FMV determination has been made on appeal by either the county board of equalization or the superior court. The reason for such change is that some county tax assessors, at the mandate of the law, and the State Revenue Commissioner, who annually must approve the county tax digests, have reassessed property upward each year, even though the county tax assessors compromise, settle, or lose appeals as to such FMV before boards of equalization or superior court, and the assessors have reasserted such same reassessment over and over in subsequent years. This is the "salami slice" approach to reassessment, one small slice at a time; this slicing away at the whole reassessment, even though the assessors may lose most of what they reassess on appeal, get a small reassessment each time, or sooner or later the property owner either will miss a filing deadline for appeal or gives up the fight without an appeal. This approach is costly to the property owner in legal fees, litigation costs, and time. Far worse, it appears to the property owner as a hopeless and endless battle with government to take more taxes than are owed. Therefore, it is little wonder that the General Assembly intended to afford the property owner some relief after a tax appeal, no matter the outcome. The plain and unambiguous language of the amendment grants meaningful tax relief from repeated annual reassessments by the assessors when there has been an appeal, made simply to raise revenue, without the county commissioners, school board, or municipal council having to take a politically unpopular action to increase the millage rate.
Such plain and unequivocal language of a statute is not subject to judicial construction. See OCGA 1-3-1 (a), (b); City of Jesup v. Bennett, 226 Ga. 606, 609 (2) (176 SE2d 81) (1970). Further, revenue statutes are to be construed liberally in favor of the property owner and strongly against the taxing authority. Telecom*USA v. Collins, 260 Ga. 362, 364 (393 SE2d 235) (1990); Collins v. American Tel. &c. Co., 219 Ga. App. 196, 197 (1) (464 SE2d 642) (1995); Seaboard Coast Line R. Co. v. Blackmon, 129 Ga. App. 342, 344 (199 SE2d 581) (1973).
The language of OCGA 48-5-299 (c) states plainly that "[r]eal property, the value of which was established by an appeal in any year, . . . may not be changed by the board of tax assessors during such two years for the sole purpose of changing the valuation established or decision rendered in an appeal to the board of equalization or superior court." (Emphasis supplied.) The first exception to this general tax relief is that, where the property owner returns the property at a "different value," either upward or downward, the tax assessor may reassess the property during the two-year period. "[S]ole purpose of changing the valuation established or decision rendered in an appeal to the board of equalization or superior court" provides the second exception, which would be either sale of the property or a reassessment of a general area or an entire county-wide reassessment. Both of these exceptions are limited in application by the specific conditions which also must be satisfied for the reassessment to be exempted from the general prohibition. "In such cases [of exception to the prohibition against reassessment], before changing such value or decision, the board of assessors shall first conduct an investigation into factors currently affecting the fair market value. The investigation necessary shall include, but not be limited to, a visual on-site inspection of the property to ascertain if there have been any additions, deletions, or improvements to such property or the occurrence of other factors that might affect the current fair market value and a review to determine if there are any errors in the description and characterization of such property in the files and records of the board of tax assessors." (Emphasis supplied.) OCGA 48-5-299 (c).
If the property or tax records reflect an incorrect area of land or past improvements to the property have been erroneously indicated in the tax records, then such error can be corrected and the property reassessed, because any prior assessment was based upon error which may have affected the FMV. Likewise, the nature, use, and character of the property may also be in error and permit a reassessment to correct such error.
A generalized factoring upward or downward of all real property in a county is excluded, as is a county-wide reassessment, unless the subject property also had a specific investigation that found certain factors to have changed. OCGA 48-5-299 (c). The reason that both cannot provide a basis for reassessment is that the appeals process determined the specific FMV of the subject property, while a factoring mandated by the Revenue Commissioner or a county-wide reassessment is for the purposes of general equalization of all property values only and does not take into account the actual FMV of the subject property as determined on appeal or the prohibition against reassessment for two years under OCGA 48-5-299 (c).
The reassessment of the subject property requires a change in such factors to be investigated specifically as to how the factors affect the FMV of the subject property as a condition precedent to reassessment. Under OCGA 48-5-299 (c), such factors are stated as: (1) additions to improved realty; (2) deletions from improved realty; (3) improvements to the property; and (4) "the occurrence of other factors that might affect the current fair market value." (Emphasis supplied.)
What constitutes "the occurrence of other factors that might affect the current fair market value" lacks clarity and is open to different interpretations so that statutory construction is necessary. Frazier v. Southern R. Co., 200 Ga. 590, 593 (2) (37 SE2d 774) (1946); Thompson v. Ga. Power Co., 73 Ga. App. 587, 597 (37 SE2d 622) (1946). The cardinal rule of statutory construction is to find the legislative intent and to effectuate such intent. Miller v. Ga. Ports Auth., 266 Ga. 586, 587 (470 SE2d 426) (1996); City of Roswell v. City of Atlanta, 261 Ga. 657 (1) (410 SE2d 28) (1991); Mullins v. First Gen. Ins. Co., 253 Ga. 486, 487 (322 SE2d 265) (1984); Hollowell v. Jove, 247 Ga. 678, 681 (279 SE2d 430) (1981); Lamons v. Yarbrough, 206 Ga. 50, 55 (1) (55 SE2d 551) (1949).
The General Assembly must be presumed to have enacted this amendment with full knowledge of the tax laws, the application of such reassessments every year after tax appeals, and the hardships such action by county assessors may cause to the property owner. Therefore, it seems apparent that the General Assembly intended to give meaningful tax relief from reassessment following an appeal for the two years after which the appeal fixed the FMV, unless some significant factors cause the FMV to substantially change during such time period. Obviously, the change contemplated by the statute, which would permit reassessment, must be substantial; otherwise, the amendment is rendered meaningless because normal market forces, in most areas of the State, are always changing FMV in small incremental percentages, except in the rare circumstance of economic stagnation. This Court must construe the statute to have a logical meaning in harmony with existing law, and not to create an absurd result with regard to the existing law and the problem that the General Assembly sought to correct by enactment. State of Ga. v. Davis, 246 Ga. 761 (1) (272 SE2d 721) (1980); McPherson v. City of Dawson, 221 Ga. 861, 862 (148 SE2d 298) (1966); Sale v. Leachman, 218 Ga. 834, 836 (1) (131 SE2d 185) (1963); Wigley v. Hambrick, 193 Ga. App. 903, 905 (4) (389 SE2d 763) (1989). Therefore, the fourth factor, "occurrence of factors that might affect the current [FMV]," must be specifically related to the subject property, and not a mere general rise in area or county-wide real estate values. Moreover, the other three specific factors, as well as the correction of errors, deal only with the subject property; therefore, the fourth factor must also relate directly to the subject property.
The meaning of the phrase "the occurrence of other factors that might affect the current fair market value" then can be determined from analysis of the three specific factors directly impacting the value of the subject property and "affecting fair market value." Such factors "affecting fair market value" during the two-year period would include: (1) a sale of truly comparable property in close proximity, which sales price must reflect a substantial change in FMV over the appeal valuation of FMV of the subject property, such as to cause a substantial increase in the subject property; (2) construction of highways or other public improvements in close proximity; (3) rezoning of the subject property or other property in close proximity; (4) development, subdivision, or improvement of adjacent property; (5) a public or private nuisance effecting a change in the subject property, as reflected in the market; (6) change in the flood plain designation or other substantial change in the exercise of police powers affecting use of the subject property; (7) a natural or man-made substantial change in the surrounding property by disaster or otherwise; or (8) other similar factors which directly and substantially affect the FMV of the subject property during such two-year period.
Factors that occur prior to the two-year period are subsumed to have already affected the FMV as determined specifically as to the subject property by the board of equalization or the superior court on appeal and cannot be redetermined, absent a showing of error or fraud in such reassessment. Thus, reassessment to avoid disparate treatment of other property valuations after an area or county-wide reassessment will not satisfy the specific factors, because the earlier reassessment appealed from has already determined the subject property's FMV in the county. To construe the statutory language to permit a general reassessment, despite the specific prohibition against reassessment for a period of two years, absent the presence of an exception, would make the legislature's amendment meaningless, as if never enacted, and would reach an absurd result. Thus, the general increase in FMV of either the subject property or surrounding property cannot serve as a catchall factor, absent the presence of one or more of the foregoing three factors or other similar specific factors. Sirmans v. Sirmans, 222 Ga. 202, 204 (149 SE2d 101) (1966); see also Lamons v. Yarbrough, supra.
The case sub judice is remanded for determination of petition for declaratory judgment not inconsistent with this opinion.
Whelchel, Brown, Readdick & Bumgartner, Terry L. Readdick, Gregory T. Carter, W. Gary Moore, for appellee.
Moreton Rolleston, Jr., for appellant.
DECIDED AUGUST 22, 1997 -- RECONSIDERATION DENIED SEPTEMBER 4, 1997 -- CERT. APPLIED FOR.
Citing Cases:
CULLUM v. CHATHAM COUNTY BOARD OF TAX ASSESSORS. (243 Ga. App. 865) (534 SE2d 535) (2000)
MORETON ROLLESTON, JR. LIVING TRUST v. GLYNN COUNTY BOARD OF TAX ASSESSORS. (240 Ga. App. 405) (523 SE2d 600) (1999)
(230 Ga. App. 539) (497 SE2d 274) (1998)
Thursday May 21 04:46 EDT
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MOREHEAD CITY, N.C. — Hurricane-force winds from Irene battered the North Carolina coast early Saturday as the storm started wreaking havoc even before a potentially catastrophic run up the Eastern Seaboard. More than 2 million people were told to move to safer places, and New York City ordered the nation's biggest subway system shut down for the first time because of a natural disaster.
The National Hurricane Center in Miami said the enormous storm had weakened some earlier Saturday morning, but winds topping 80 mph began lashing the shoreline near Jacksonville, N.C., around dawn at 6:15 a.m. Gusts as high as 94 mph were recorded.
Just after daybreak in Nags Head on North Carolina's Outer Banks, about 200 miles northeast of Jacksonville, winds whipped heavy rain across the resort town. Tall waves covered what had been the beach, and the surf pushed as high as the backs of some of the houses and hotels fronting the strand. Lights flickered in one hotel, but the power was still on.
Irene could be packing top sustained winds of 90 mph when it officially makes landfall. The winds had weakened from 100 mph overnight, but forecasters warned Irene would remain a hurricane as it moves up the mid-Atlantic coast, and then toward the New York City area and New England.
"The hazards are still the same," NHC hurricane specialist Mike Brennan said. "The emphasis for this storm is on its size and duration, not necessarily how strong the strongest winds are."
As the storm's outer bands of wind and rain lashed the North Carolina coast, knocking out power in places, authorities farther north begged people to get out of harm's way. Officials in the northeast, not used to tropical weather, feared it could wreak devastation.
"Don't wait. Don't delay," said President Barack Obama, who decided to cut short his summer vacation by a day and return to Washington. "I cannot stress this highly enough: If you are in the projected path of this hurricane, you have to take precautions now."
The storm's center was about 35 miles south of Cape Lookout on North Carolina's Outer Banks early Saturday and lumbering north-northeastward at 14 mph.
Wind and rain knocked out power to more than 91,000 customers along the North Carolina coast, including a hospital in Morehead City. A woman who answered the phone there said the hospital was running on generators.
Power was still on in Buxton on Hatteras Island, part of the Outer Banks and home to real estate agent Danny Couch. He had lost a piece of gutter and leaves were blowing around, but he saw no trees down.
"We'll wait and see what happens in the next couple of hours, but right now, it's what we're used to," he said about two hours before sunrise Saturday.
A coastal town official in North Carolina said witnesses believed a tornado spawned by Irene lifted the roof off the warehouse of a car dealership in Belhaven on Friday night and damaged a mobile home, an outbuilding and trees.
Forecasters said the core of Irene would make landfall in North Carolina in the next few hours, roll up the mid-Atlantic coast Saturday night and over southern New England on Sunday.
Hurricane warnings were issued from North Carolina to New York and farther north to the islands of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard off Massachusetts. Evacuation orders covered at least 2.3 million people, including 1 million in New Jersey, 315,000 in Maryland, 300,000 in North Carolina, 200,000 in Virginia and 100,000 in Delaware.
U.S. airlines canceled at least 6,100 flights through Monday, grounding hundreds of thousands of passengers as the storm could strike major airports from Washington to Boston.
New York City ordered more than 300,000 people who live in flood-prone areas to leave, including Battery Park City at the southern tip of Manhattan, Coney Island and the beachfront Rockaways. But it was not clear how many would do it, how they would get out or where they would go. Most New Yorkers don't have a car.
The city said it would shut down the subways and buses at noon Saturday, only a few hours after the first rain is expected to fall. The transit system carries about 5 million people on an average weekday, fewer on weekends. It has been shut down several times before, including during a transit workers' strike in 2005 and after the Sept. 11 attacks a decade ago, but never for weather.
Aviation officials said they would close the five main New York City-area airports to arriving domestic and international flights beginning at noon on Saturday. Many departures also were canceled.
Mayor Michael Bloomberg said there was little authorities could do to force people to leave and warned: "But if you don't follow this, people may die."
Some hardy holdouts in North Carolina put plywood on windows, gathered last-minute supplies and tied down boats. More than half the people who live on two remote islands, Hatteras and Ocracoke, had ignored orders to leave, and as time to change their minds ran short, officials ordered dozens of body bags. The last ferry from Ocracoke left at 4 p.m. Friday.
Some took to shelters for protection.
Susan Kinchen, her daughter and 5-month-old granddaughter came to West Carteret High School with about 50 others. She said they didn't feel safe in their trailer, and the Louisiana native was reminded of how her old trailer lost its roof to Hurricane Katrina, almost six years ago to the day, on Aug. 29, 2005.
"We live in a trailer with her," said Kinchen, referring to the infant. "I'm not taking any chances."
In Delaware, Gov. Jack Markell ordered an evacuation of coastal areas on the peninsula the state shares with Maryland and Virginia.
Kenneth Roe was filling up three 5-gallon gas cans at an Exxon station in Salisbury, Md., on Friday night. A manager at a Home Depot in Lewes, Del., the 34-year-old had worked 18 hours straight on Thursday and another five hours on Friday, his day off. He said the store was staying open 24 hours in order to provide supplies and that generators in particular were in high demand. Approximately 50 generators put out at 6 a.m. were gone by 8 a.m., he said, even though each cost $600.
"We're going to get something no matter what," he said of the effects of the storm.
In Baltimore's Fells Point neighborhood, one of the city's oldest waterfront neighborhoods, people filled sandbags and placed them at the entrances to buildings. A few miles away at the Port of Baltimore, vehicles and cranes continued to unload huge cargo ships that were rushing to offload and get away from the storm.
"I like gambling, but you don't play with this," Pearson Callender said as he waited for a Greyhound bus out of town. "People are saying this is an act of God. I just need to get home to be with my family."


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When the U.S. government partially shut down in December, furloughing almost all NASA employees for 35 days, missed paychecks and stalled science weren't the only issues NASA had to worry about. The shutdown also threatened the agency's cybersecurity, NASA officials said at a post-shutdown town hall meeting. READ MORE
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The good news to start 2019 is that cloud adoption is growing rapidly. Most people realize this, but along with major growth comes some less welcome news. Wasted cloud spend is also up — often dramatically. Chances are, if you're spending money on cloud, some of that money is being wasted. For some, a lot of that money is being wasted. Here are the numbers. READ MORE
Why the culture of cybersecurity is broken — and how to fix it
For too long the industry has cultivated a "dark arts" reputation that discourages diversity and undermines effective communication. A cybersecurity CEO offers a three-step course correction. READ MORE

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In order to follow the development of search.cpan.org clone (or any other project using GitHub for that matter) you might want to look at snapshots of the project at various commits.
On the main GitHub page of the project click on NNN commits in the top left. You can see the list of commits from the most recent at the top, to older commits below that. You can scroll down and click on "Older" to see older commits.
This will clone the whole project to your disk with all the history.
alternatively you can click on the Clone in Desktop button, but I have never tried that.
Clicking on Download ZIP at this point won't do what we want. So avoid that!
If you have cloned the repository to your disk you have all the history there and by default you have the "master" branch checked out. In other repositories the default branch might be called some other name. For example in the repository of perlmaven.com the default branch is called "main".
On commit history page we saw earlier, pick the commit for which you'd like to see the results. On the right hand side of the listing you'll see 7 characters from the SHA (the unique identifier) of this commit. Click on the icon to the left of the these 7 characters where it says "Copy the full SHA" (if you hover the cursor over it). This will copy the full SHA to your clipboard (e.g. e442f37a10291a7d93fd9c5068b4e10f554738ed).
And then type in git checkout and press Ctrl-V or (Command-V on OSX), whatever the "paste from clipboard" happens to be in your operating system.
Executing this command will switch the files on your disk to the state after that specific commit.
Don't worry. If you don't make any changes here, nothing will go wrong.
At this point you can examine the content of the files and see if the application works as explained in the articles.
What if you don't want to clone, or you don't even have Git on your system? No worry, we'll handle that case now. Go back to the list of commit.
Select the appropriate commit but this time click on either commit message or on the 7-character identifier. They both lead to the same place that displays the diff of the specific commit.
In the above case this would be this page.
Click on the Browse code button in the top right corner. This will to this page that is the representation of the whole tree after that commit. Now you can click on the "Download ZIP" button on the right hand side to download a zipped version of the whole project at the specific time in its history.
You can then unzip the file and have the project without having Git on your system.


text:
Did Aliens send Seeds to Earth to Create Life?
Tiny Metal Objects may be Alien Seeds sent to Create Life on Earth
UK Scientists have been examining a tiny circular metallic object that is about a hair width in size, to see if this may be a micro-organism sent by extra-terrestrials to start life on Earth.
The miniature metal globe was discovered by astrobiologist Milton Wainwright after examining matter which gathered on a high flying balloon in our stratosphere.
"It is a ball about the width of a human hair, which has filamentous life on the outside and a gooey biological material oozing from its centre," Wainwright said, according to Express.co.uk.
"One theory is it was sent to Earth by some unknown civilization in order to continue seeding the planet with life," Wainwright hypothesizes.
That theory comes from a Nobel Prize winner.
Even with this recent discovery there is still a lot of work and testing to take place before this can be proven and accepted by the scientific community… but on the face of it, it's as likely a start of life as many other theories. We'll keep you updated!
Daddy There's a Man in My Room…..Can Babies Really See Ghosts???
Read a more indepth article here


This fantastic combo tour is the perfect way to see the Accademia and Uffizi Galleries, two of Italy - and perhaps the world's - most famous art galleries!
On this tour you'll explore works by famous Italian artists such as Botticelli, Michelangelo, and da Vinci. Your audioguide ensures a tour tailored to your interests, allowing you to linger at some pieces of art and skip others as you please.
Should you wish, after the tour, you'll meet a guide who will lead you through Florence's Old Town for a traditional Italian lunch.
Those choosing the Lunch option need to meet the guide outside the Accademia at 12:45pm to walk to the restaurant.
Accademia Gallery or Restaurant, depending on the option chosen.
This tour takes you to two of Italy - and perhaps the world's - most famous art galleries. On the day of the tour, you'll enter door number 1 of the Uffizi Gallery and pick up your audioguide to begin your journey through some of the world's most famous works of art.
The Birth of Venus: Painted in the late 1400's by Botticelli, The Birth of Venus depicts the Roman goddess rising from the sea. One of Botticelli's most famous works, The Birth of Venus has become one of the most heavily referenced and most iconic pieces of Italian art.
Adoration of the Magi: A popular theme for paintings, this version of Adoration of the Magi is by Fabriano, and is considered one of his finest works. The Uffizi Gallery also houses young Leonardo da Vinci's depiction of the same scene.
Annunciation: Once again drawing on Biblical themes, this painting by da Vinci depicts the angel Gabriel telling Mary that she would bear the Son of God. This particular scene was also popular among other Renaissance artists.
Doni Tundo: Sometimes called The Holy Family, Doni Tundo is the only surviving finished panel painting by Michelangelo in his older years. Painted in the early 1500's, Doni Tundo depicts Mary, Jesus, and Joseph soon after Jesus' birth.
A Lunch option is offered with this tour package; at 12:45 PM, an assistant will meet you outside of the Accademia Gallery to take you to Florence's old town, where you will have a traditional Tuscan lunch. Children's menus are available.
So there's no last-minute rush please arrive at the start point 15 mins early. Please call the local activity operator at least 24 hours prior to the start of the tour to confirm the details.
Please confirm your desired audioguide language (English, Spanish, French, German and Italian) at the time of booking under "special request".
Audioguide not available for children under the age of 6.
To collect the audioguide inside the museum you have to show an original copy of your Identity Card or Passport; they will keep your ID document until the end of the visit when you will return the audio guide.
If you lose or don't return the audio guide, you be required to pay a penalty of € 250 per unit.
You will have around 2 hours at the Uffizi Museum. Those choosing the option without lunch may stay as long as they wish at the Accademia, those having lunch will need to leave the Accademia after 1 hour 30 minutes to meet the guide to walk to the restaurant.


This 32 hour program certifies personnel as wildland firefighters making them eligible to be 'red carded' for fires on federal lands upon successful completion of the arduous work capacity test (pack test) each year. Topics covered include fireline safety, weather, topography, fire behavior, tool use and maintenance, hoselays, handline construction, urban interface, and a live fire suppression exercise. Participants are required to successfully complete a written exam at the completion of the program for final NWCG certification. Full wildland PPE is required for this program.
This 8 hour program is designed to give the line firefighter and officer a broad overview and annual update of numerous firefighting areas one may encounter on the wildland fireground. It exceeds the minimum requirements defined by the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) and includes ICS, Safety, Fireline Hazards, Weather, Sizeups, Communication, Apparatus Placement, Fire Shelters, Fuels/Topography/Fire Behavior, Urban-Interface, Tools, Mopup, and more. Through classroom and practical application students receive a wide variety of education including live fire exercises. Most of this program is conducted in the wildland environment utilizing classroom for AV segments including BLM fire refresher footage.
Full wildland PPE is required for this program, and a wildland engine is requested.
This program has been developed to instruct firefighters in the nationally accepted safety standards, maintenance and use of chain saws and their tactical application on the fireline. It is taught to the standards of the NWCG S-212 Wildland Fire Chain Saws. Students learn and apply safety standards, incorporate the approved use, maintenance and function of personal protective equipment, identify basic chain saw parts, and learn field maintenance, tuning, and troubleshooting. Practical exercises include tactical application of chain saws in brushing, limbing, and bucking for fireline construction and mopup operations. Participants receive a course certificate and card upon successful completion of the program. This program is recognized by Northwest Region WA Department of Natural Resources for chainsaw operation.
Completion of pre-course reading material and full wildland PPE including chainsaw chaps, ear and eye protection are required.
This 32 hour program is designed to assist structural and wildand firefighters in making tactical decisions while confronting wildland fire that threatens life, property, and improvements in the wildland urban interface. Topics include interface awareness, size-up, initial strategy and incident action plans, structure triage, structure protection tactics, plan assessment and updates, public relations, and firefighter safety in the interface. Each afternoon of this 4 day program participants learn and practice interface skills and tactics, utilizing them in neighborhood scenarios the second weekend. Working as members of an engine strike team, engine crews are assigned to various homes to prep and/or protect. Participants receive an NWCG course certificate upon successful completion of a final written exam. Full wildland PPE is required for this program.
This course is the basic wildland engine officer foundation to qualify for "Engine Boss" on the incident qualification card (red card). Included in this program are key elements of the S-230 Crew Boss course covering such areas as incident paperwork, firefighter injuries/logistics, and crew supervisory skills. Areas covered include engine and crew capabilities, wildland size-ups and tactics, strategic decision-making, and wildland-urban interface. Scenarios are used throughout the program to reinforce tactical decision-making skills. Participants are required to successfully complete a written exam at the completion of the program for final NWCG certification.
This 12-16 hour program focuses on initial attack incident management skills, and supervisory skills at the squad level. Topics include wildland size-up, strategic decision-making, tactics, wildland-urban interface considerations, wildland incident management, crew supervisory skills and required documentation. Live footage video scenarios are utilized throughout the course to reinforce tactical decision-making skills. This course is essential for attaining Firefighter Type 1 (squad boss) and IC Type 5 qualification. Participants will receive an NWCG certificate upon successful completion of the course.


text:
Focused on a future for Fort Worth's irreplaceable architectural heritage.
Why Preserve Buildings
Saved Buildings
"GOOD NEIGHBORS, GREAT NEIGHBORHOODS" Part 2
Garvey-Viehl-Kelley House Tour
Rodeo Run 5K Race
A Needlepoint Love Story, Chapter VI – 2019
Hidden Gardens of Fort Worth
Open Doors/Gates Weekend
Most Endangered Places
Preservation is the Art of the City
Preservations Awards
Food Park at Thistle Hill
Historic Preservation Handbook
Stockyards Historic Resource Survey
Tax Incentives and Education
Search Historic Properties
Fort Worth's Bungalow-Style Fire Stations
Jim Zadeh for the restoration of the Cobb-Burney House (1904) into the Law Offices of Jim Zadeh.
Sited along the bluff of the Clear Fork of the Trinity River, the Cobb-Burney House was built for mortgage company president Lyman D. Cobb and his wife, Emma. The house designed in 1904 in the Chicago Prairie School style, with a low-pitched roof, wide overhanging eaves and numerous casement windows. Judge Ivy Burney, a lawyer whose specialty was the cattle industry, purchased the house in 1919.
For a time the Cobb-Burney House served as housing for the director of the Summit Avenue Campus of ACH Child & Family Services. Then, it sat vacant for several years and rapidly deteriorated.
The house's exterior had fared better than the interior, with most of it damaged or lost. To address the issues, Zadeh hired Hull Historical's CEO, Brent Hull, to transform the house into the Law Offices of Jim Zadeh.
During the demolition stage, original fabric and historic photos were discovered that proved to be instructive for the interior rehabilitation. Photos that showed the original pergola allowed for its reconstruction. In the main living area beams made of gumwood and a hutch were restored, and in some instances, added back. All original windows were restored, new millwork was designed from early turn-of-the-century catalogs, and a period-appropriate kitchen featuring a 1930's vintage stove was added.
The building sits at the west end of Harold Park on a bluff looking west. To assist those who seek the office, the address was changed from 1598 Sunset Terrace to 1555 Rio Grande Avenue. In 1985 the Cobb-Burney House was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, and in 2017 it became a Historic and Cultural Landmark of the City of Fort Worth. This Preservation Project Award reclaimed a deserving historic residence and transformed it into commercial use.
HFW 2018 Preservation Awards and Cantey Lecture Series photographed Thursday, September 13, 2018 at the FW Community Arts Center.
Photography by Bruce E. Maxwell.
Website hatched by Iron Egg


text:
Tana French
A RICHARD AND JUDY WINTER 2021 BOOKCLUB PICK AND SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLING BOOK OF THE YEARS 'Terrific - terrifying, amazing' STEPHEN KING 'Completely, indescribably magnificent.' MARIAN KEYES 'I'm a big fan of Tana French' IAN RANKIN 'I didn't want it to end' HARRIET TYCE ...
Max Tegmark
Our Mathematical Universe
A journey to explore the mysteries uncovered by cosmology and to discover the nature of reality from a science author well-known among his peers, and who has appeared on numerous documentaries, including BBC's "Horizon".
Noam Chomsky, C J Polychroniou
The Precipice
In this powerful collection of interviews, Noam Chomsky exposes the problems of our world today, as we stand in this period of monumental change, preparing for a more hopeful tomorrow. 'For the left, elections are a brief interlude in a life of real politics, a moment to ask whether it's ...
Naomi Klein, Rebecca Stefoff
How To Change Everything
'Naomi Klein's work has always moved and guided me. She is the great chronicler of our age of climate emergency, an inspirer of generations' - GRETA THUNBERG The first book for younger readers by internationally bestselling social activist Naomi Klein: the most authoritative and inspiring ...
Noam Chomsky is the bestselling author of over 100 influential political books, including Hegemony or Survival, Imperial Ambitions, Failed States, Interventions, What We Say Goes, Hopes and Prospects, Making the Future, On Anarchism, Masters of Mankind and Who Rules the World. He has also been ...
lieferbar innerhalb von 10 Tagen
With exceptional clarity and power of argument, Noam Chomsky lays bare as no one else can the realities of contemporary geopolitics. Divided into four sections and originally published in the US as individual short books which have collectively sold over half a million copies, How the World ...
Eckhart Tolle is a spiritual teacher and author who was born in Germany and educated at the Universities of London and Cambridge. At the age of 29, a profound inner transformation radically changed the course of his life. The next few years were devoted to understanding, integrating, and ...
Lindsey Fitzharris
The Butchering Art
A gripping and morbid narrative history of Joseph Lister's transformation of surgery from the grotesquerie of the past to the procedures recognisable today.
Eric Arthur Blair (1903-1950), better known by his pen-name, George Orwell, was born in India, where his father worked for the Civil Service. An author and journalist, Orwell was one of the most prominent and influential figures in twentieth-century literature. His unique political allegory ...
Rupa Marya, Raj Patel
Inflamed
'A work of exhilarating scope and relevance ... What a rare and powerful experience to feel a book in your very body' Naomi Klein 'Health is not something we can attain as individuals, for ourselves, hermetically sealed off from the world around us. An injury to one is an injury to all.' ...


Google today announced the launch of two new apps specifically designed to help deaf and hard-of-hearing people. Live Transcribe and Sound amplifier will resolve the problems faced by people with hearing impairment to huge extend when used correctly. Both the apps are available for download inplaystore, however sound amplifier is in a stable version and Live transcribe is currently under early access. So only people who signup can test it and refine it further.
Sound Amplifier app basically amplifies the sound manifold to help people from suffering from hearing loss. It should be used with wired headphone to filter, augment and amplify the sound in your present environment. There are customization settings which allows you to apply noise reduction too. This app is supported in smartphones with Android 9 Pie or later and comes pre-installed on Pixel 3 phone.
Live Transcribe supports over 70 languages and dialects. With this app, you can see words appear on your phone as they are spoken. It also allows you to enable two-way conversation via a type-back keyboard for users and connect with external microphones to improve transcription accuracy.
Both the Apps can be enabled by going to Settings -> Accessibility option in your smartphone. As per Google, the goal of the company is to help millions of people suffering for hearing problems with these two new apps. We can also expect more features and refinement of these apps in future.


In the age to iPhones, Androids, Facebook, Garmin GPS and Pinterest we've learned to multitask and get things done in a fraction of the time we used to even five years ago. Although we can now use innovation to speed things up and get more things done is less time, these rules do not apply to exercise (cardiovascular exercise in particular)!
In the time it takes to run a mile on the treadmill (12 minutes at a 5.0 mph pace) you could check your email, microwave dinner for two, pay all of your bills online and finish a load of laundry. It's no wonder the obesity rate has increased dramatically over the past few decades! The choice between taking care of our bodies and taking care of the responsibilities of life and work doesn't work in favor of doing exercise.
What if there was a way to maximize the calorie burn during the time we can dedicate to cardiovascular exercise?
Would we enjoy doing cardiovascular exercise more often?
Would it be easier to find the time if we know we're getting more "bang for our buck"?
For a listing of all physical activities at the Compendium of Physical Activity website, click here.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (December 2011) the average American male is 69.4 inches (5 feet, 9.4 inches) tall and weighs 194.7 pounds (88.3 kilograms) and the average American female is 63.8 inches (5 feet, 3.8 inches) tall and weighs 164.7 pounds (74.7 kilograms). The lists below use the average data for American males and females to determine how many minutes it takes to burn 3,500 calories (and one pound of fat).
Doing some physical activity is better than no exercise at all. Choose exercise options that you enjoy and that you can see yourself doing for many years to come.


The Special Interest Groups last met in the fall. Refer to the Winter issue of Eye on Education for the latest news.
ASCO's Special Interest Groups have not met since the Fall of 2016. For the latest news visit https://eye.opted.org/3569.


Note: Kennebec River rafting prices do not include $5pp state and river access fees.
After a short ride (shortest of all outfitters), the Kennebec River white water rafting adventure begins at Harris Station Dam and immediately enters a narrow gorge, hundreds of feet deep. Quickly picking up speed, rafts plunge through huge rolling waves and heart-pounding drops run expertly by our professional guides. Legendary Class III and IV rapids such as "Big Mama" and "Magic Falls" await you at every turn for over 7 miles.
The second part of the Kennebec River trip includes smaller rapids and opportunities to get out and float next to the raft. Water temperatures will top out in the mid-70's in the summer making this fun for everyone. Our Kennebec rafting trip ends where it began, right back at our base—no cold, soggy shuttle ride (like all other outfitters) back to Crab Apple! Walk out of your raft and into a hot shower in your room, hot tub or our swimming pool while your guides prepare a delicious cookout. After lunch we head to our comfortable conference room to view photos and video from your day on the Kennebec.
After whitewater rafting on the Kennebec River, many of our guests stay over for a second night and enjoy relaxing time in our pool, take a walk into Maine's highest waterfall, Moxie Falls, or join the Nightfall Paintball game that begins every day after rafting.
Schedule: The Kennebec River rafting trip runs nearly every day from mid April through early October thanks to daily dam releases.
Four days this summer Harris Station dam on the Kennebec will run at full throttle – over 8000cfs!. The action is fast and the waves are huge – the wave called "Big Mama" climbs to twenty feet! These four dates will be summer highlights.
Our 13 foot, 6 person Go For It rafts are the shortest allowed by the state of Maine. These rafts give the Kennebec and Dead Rivers a whole new look – waves and holes like "Big Mama" and "Magic Falls" swallow these smaller boats making for some of the wildest rides of the season. This trip is geared toward veteran rafters and a minimum of 4 people is required to run a Go For It trip.
Trip dates: Daily on Kennebec River starting May 14 (except Generator Check dates 6/15, 7/18, 9/7, 9/21). Available on Dead River May 26, September 1 and October 5.
The River Cottage sits right on the Kennebec River. Loads of space with 4 bedrooms, 2 baths and living room. The River Cottage is great for large groups of friends or family who want to hang out and enjoy each other's company but also have just a short walk across the street for breakfast before the trip and the pub after rafting. Sleeps 6-12. Air conditioned.
The Snow Cottage was designed with flexibility and convenience in mind for rafters. It is complete with kitchenette, full bath, Satellite TV, bedroom and living room. The cottage also gives you privacy as it is set away from other accommodations. Air conditioned.
Our four Queen suites are beautiful! Each includes two queen beds, wet bar, mini fridge, two person whirlpool jacuzzi tub and deck. Each room is unique and comfortable. Air conditioned.
Our four King suites are so comfortable! Each includes a King bed, wet bar, mini fridge, two person whirlpool jacuzzi tub and deck. All four are different and relaxing. Air conditioned.
Larger unit within The Lodge sleeps 4-8 people. Rooms have the feel of Maine's wilderness with natural wood interiors and a view of the Kennebec River. Adjacent to the swimming pool and outdoor hot tub. Air conditioned.
Open floor plan well-suited for groups of friends or family. Conveniently located adjacent to the pool and hot tub. Air conditioned.
Unit within The Lodge for 4-8 people. Natural wood interiors and a view of the Kennebec River. Adjacent to the swimming pool and outdoor hot tub. Air conditioned.
The Lodge has six private guest rooms. Five Guest Rooms have two double beds, private bath and front deck. One room has a double bed and a set of bunks. Adjacent to the swimming pool and outdoor hot tub. Air conditioned.
Why Choose Crab Apple For Maine White Water Rafting?
You are going to have a blast rafting in Maine, but you are also going to be exhausted when it is over. Our Maine rafting participants usually opt to stay overnight at our comfortable lodging facilities. We have sleeping options ranging from Jacuzzi suites to cozy cabins and our base lodge features a comfortable gathering area and a delicious pub and restaurant. We even offer guided moose safaris and paintball battles to complement your Maine white water rafting trip.
Safety has been our #1 priority since 1983. Our Safety Record is unmatched – we have carried over 500,000 passengers and never had a major accident or fatality. We are very proud of our safety record.
Personal Comfort – Our stock of over 400 wetsuits and lifejackets are continuously upgraded and come in a vast array of sizes to fit you comfortably and keep you safe.
We have over 100 rafts and inflatable kayaks of different sizes to ensure the best experience on the river.
While we are an extremely popular tourist attraction, we love taking our neighbors white water rafting in Maine. We offer special rates for those living in Maine, saving you up to $40 on a trip!


The first step in surviving the holiday blues might be to realize that our expectations of a "picture-perfect" holiday are not realistic. Instead, we can adopt more realistic holiday goals. The best way to do this is to examine your own expectations and priorities; ask your family to participate and find out what's most important to each family member. Hold on to those traditions that you can--a special food or holiday activity that is especially meaningful to you--but let others go, recognizing that they may no longer be possible. Create new rituals that work for you now.
Ask yourself how much you can really do without undue sacrifice to your health, and prepare to make choices accordingly. For example, in the past you might have cooked an elaborate Christmas feast, requiring countless hours of work and preparation. Was it the food itself that was truly important to you and your guests? Maybe a store-prepared platter of meats and cheeses and other goodies would serve the purpose just as well. If you receive several invitations to holiday parties, and you know you won't be able to attend them all, consider which ones are truly important to you. Focus on what is meaningful and enjoyable to you, rather than on what you feel obligated to do.
What tasks can be delegated to others? Involve family and friends in various activities. Consider a "gift-wrapping" party with a friend to help you with this potentially tiring task. If you're feeling fatigued or stressed, discuss sharing responsibilities with other family members. Don't be afraid to ask for help.
Instead of throwing out the boxes crammed with our forgotten childhood treasures, she decided that it would be fun to give us the stuff back. The whole family dies laughing when the recipient is reunited with such memory-packed possessions as a leg cast, a Brownie uniform, old report cards, or a beat-up stuffed animal. My sister and brother and I look forward to our "attic gift" more than any other.
While the pressure to find "the perfect gift" is familiar to all of us around the holidays, a gift from the heart is often the most treasured of all.
Plan activities to allow time for extra rest and recuperation. Spread out commitments and engagements as much as possible. Try to take advantage of the times of day when you typically have more energy, and avoid those times you know you'll be exhausted.
Buy gifts from catalogs or shop online whenever possible. If you must go out to the stores, consider shopping when they will be least busy, such as weekday mornings.


text:
A study of the relationships among reading comprehension, reader self-concept, reading attitude, children's perceptions of parental and peer expectations, gender and grade in high ability elementary level language arts students
Pink, Gina M. (1996) A study of the relationships among reading comprehension, reader self-concept, reading attitude, children's perceptions of parental and peer expectations, gender and grade in high ability elementary level language arts students. Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.
[English] PDF (Migrated (PDF/A Conversion) from original format: (application/pdf)) - Accepted Version
Available under License - The author retains copyright ownership and moral rights in this thesis. Neither the thesis nor substantial extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's permission. (Original Version)
This study investigated the relationships among reader self-concept, reading attitude, reading comprehension, gender and grades in high ability elementary level language arts students. The purposes of the study were to provide insights to teachers about high ability students in their classrooms and to contribute to the field of research about reader self-concept. -- The testing instruments used in this study were the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey, to measure reading attitude, and the Reader Self-Perception Scale, to measure reader self-perception. Students included in this study had previously completed the reading comprehension subtest of the Canadian Test of Basic Skills. -- This study was conducted with 74 high ability language arts students in grades 4, 5 and 6. Thirty-six boys and 38 girls participated in the study. The students were involved in enrichment programs in 5 urban Newfoundland schools. Regular correlational analyses using the Pearson Product-Moment Method were performed to examine the relationships among measures of reader self-perception, reading attitude, reading comprehension and children's perceptions of parental and peer expectations. Analyses of variance were used to determine the influence of gender on reader self-perception, reading attitude, reading comprehension and children's perceptions of parental and peer expectations. Spearman coefficient correlational tests were used with grade level and reader self-perception, reading attitude, reading comprehension and children's perceptions of parental and peer expectations. -- For this group of elementary level high ability language arts students, statistically significant relationships were found between: -- 1. reading attitude and reader self-perception. -- 2. parental expectations and reader self-perception. -- 3. parental expectations and reading attitude. -- 4. peer expectations and reader self-perception. -- 5. peer expectations and reading attitude. -- For this group of high achieving students, the following relationships were not statistically significant: -- 1. reading comprehension and reader self-perception. -- 2. reading comprehension and reading attitude. -- 3. parental expectations and reading comprehension. -- 4. peer expectations and reading comprehension. -- 5. gender and reading comprehension. -- 6. gender and reader self-perception. -- 7. gender and reading attitude. -- 8 gender and parental expectations. -- 9 gender and peer expectations. -- 10. grade and reading comprehension. -- 11. grade and reader self-perception. -- 12. grade and reading attitude. -- 13 grade and parental expectations. -- 14. grade and peer expectations. -- The finding of a relationship between reader self-perception and reading attitude indicates that it is important that students be encouraged to feel good about reading and their reading performances with experiences of success and reward. Perceptions of parental and peer expectations are important to the development of reader self-perception and reading attitude.
http://research.library.mun.ca/id/eprint/5065
Bibliography: leaves 113-133.
Education, Faculty of
Reading (Elementary); Self-perception in children; Reading--Parent participation; Gifted children--Attitudes


text:
Q: Trying to convert Integer to HexDecimal without using methods or arrays in Java So this is what I have so far but it prints out the hexadecimal backwards. How can I switch it to be forwards or is there an easier way to convert the integer to HexDecimal than I'm doing. This is a homework assignment and I'm not allowed to use arrays or predefined methods (I.E .toHexString()).
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Scanner scn = new Scanner(System.in);
    int num = scn.nextInt();
    int remainder;

    while (num > 0) {

      remainder = num % 16;
      if (remainder == 10) {
        System.out.print("a");
      } else if (remainder == 11) {
        System.out.print("b");
      } else if (remainder == 12) {
        System.out.print("c");
      } else if (remainder == 13) {
        System.out.print("d");
      } else if (remainder == 14) {
        System.out.print("e");
      } else if (remainder == 15) {
        System.out.print("f");
      } else {
        System.out.print(remainder);
      }
      num = num / 16;
    }
  }
}

A: You can use recursion.
public static void printNum(int curr) {
    if (curr == 0) {
        return;
    }
    else {
        int divided = curr / 16;
        int remainder = curr % 16;
        printNum(divided);
        printDigit(remainder);
    }
}

// print a digit where digit is in range [0, 16)
public static void printDigit(int digit) { ... }

The idea here is that you print the largest digit last. To do this you call the same function over and over again, each time reducing the number by one digit. Every time you enter the function you check to see if the end condition is satisfied (that there are no more digits). This is called tail-first recursion. Once this condition is met you will bubble back up the chain of method calls, each time printing the next highest digit.
For example, the input 1337 would flow like this:
depth 0: divided = 1337 / 16 = 83, remainder = 9
    depth 1: divided = 83 / 16 = 5, remainder = 3
        depth 2: divided = 5 / 16 = 0, remainder = 5
            depth 3: end condition met
        print remainder = 5
    print remainder = 3
print remainder = 9

which prints 539

A: If you want to go the non-recursive route, declare a String before you get into your loop and build onto it, rather than printing to System.out every loop iteration:
String output = "";
while (num > 0) {
  remainder = num % 16;
  if (remainder == 10) {
    output = "a" + output;
  } else if (remainder == 11) {
    output = "b" + output;
  } else if (remainder == 12) {
    output = "c" + output;
  } else if (remainder == 13) {
    output = "d" + output;
  } else if (remainder == 14) {
    output = "e" + output;
  } else if (remainder == 15) {
    output = "f" + output;
  } else {
    output = remainder + output;
  }
  num = num / 16;
}
System.out.println(output);

A: Iterative solution (for positive integers only):
public static String toHex(int value) {
    if (value == 0)
        return "0";
    StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
    while (value > 0) {
        int x = value & 0b1111;
        char hex = (char) (x < 10 ? '0' + x : 'A' + x - 10);
        result.insert(0, hex);
        value >>= 4;
    }
    return result.toString();
}

Explanation:

*

*Remainder of division by 16 yields the lowest hex digit. Instead of
dividing by 16, you can also perform a binary bit masking (&15, which
is 0b1111) to extract the lowest 4 bits.

*To convert this number (0..15) into a hex digit (0..F), add it to the char '0' if it's lower
than 10, otherwise subtract 10 and add it to 'A'.

*After each iteration, divide by 16, or better: bit shift right by 4.

*StringBuffer helps concatenating strings and characters. It allows to
preprend by inserting at the first postion (insert at 0).

*When the number is 0, the resulting string would be empty. Instead we return
the digit "0".

This should be the most efficient solution.
If you need to support negative integers as well, you need to also implement Two's complement.
By the way, never forget to test: in that case, a Monte Carlo JUnit can probe random integers and compare the framework implementation (Integer.toHexString(value).toUpperCase()) with the custom implementation:
@Test
public void testHex() {
    Random random = ThreadLocalRandom.current();
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
        int value = random.nextInt();
        if (value >= 0) {
            Assert.assertEquals(Integer.toHexString(value).toUpperCase(), toHex(value));
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Marmortronens veranda (persiska: ایوان تخت مرمر) ligger i Golestan Palace i Irans huvudstad Teheran. Marmortronen består av 65 stycken stora och små bitar och står på figurer som ska föreställa sex änglar, tre demoner och elva spiralpelare. Vid sidan om marmortronens trappa står det två lejon i marmor.

Bildgalleri

Källor

Sevärdheter i Iran
Iranistik
Palats i Iran
Byggnadsverk i Teheran (provins)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I am the Co-Founder and CEO of Phinnx.com. I am here in Dubai to exhibit Phinnx work and to gain more experience. The Phinnx platform will computerize teaching, learning and academic collaboration in each academic institution and interconnect all subscribing Higher Education Institutions(HEIs) for seamless inter-HEI co-operation.
How has the experience been for you as a young Nigerian?
Well, one one word to qualify the experience is that it has been challenging. It has also been exciting with new opportunities, new ways of solving problems, so I think the ecosystem is growing but the environment is not too enabling, but we are getting there.
How do you think about the role of Angel investors in Nigeria can play, do you think they have the knowledge, are they aware that something like this is happening?
Investors generally in Nigeria are elusive. They are not the most encouraging aspect of the work. For the Phinnx, I think we have benefited from an angel investor, as a matter of fact. It has been the one driving our work from 2013 and 2014, for us it I think it's a plus, but they have to do more. In the aspect of knowledge, I don't believe they have. The majority of them do not have the requisite knowledge to support a project like this. All they understand is the brick and mortar kind of business, not the IT business. I just hope they can know more about what we do and support us better.
In investment, we have raised about $110, 000. In the grants, prices in competitive and others, we have raised about N4 Million.
How much are looking forward to raising?
The business is already at the growth stage, we have had applications from 45 schools to use our platform starting from November, and that's a big one. The minimum we are looking at is about N150 Million for the next 12 to 18 months.
In what ways has the ease of doing business affected you?
We haven't gotten to the stage of paying tax at the moment. The business environment is not enabling or discouraging either. One has to forge one's part. It is challenging but not discouraging. The government has been incredibly supportive in recent times. I am very grateful; we are where we are because of their support.
There are lots of Apps similar to yours, how do you go about business expansion?
What we offer is unique in our environment. As a matter of fact, I am still trying to find out a place in the world where it exists and how it exist. Think about you, not just computerizing learning in school, which every other school already have. But interconnecting amongst other connecting institutions, so that every other school in Nigeria can access resources in all other schools. This is something our users are trying to grasp.
Is your platform like a virtual library?
This is not a virtual library; it is a total connected academia. It is connected to everything, for instance, books to people, people to things, people to people.
So if I log on to your website and I want to reach the University of Maiduguri for instance, how do I go about that?
It's just simple. There are many ways you can do that. We have a search bar on the website, a finder. Just type the name of the school, it will give you the full details and directory of everybody in that such. For instance, if you want to search for an expert in Algorithm, it will make you the complete information. You can also decide to search for all the males students studying economics in a particular school; it gives you the details you need. Another example is, if you log on the site and update your profile and claim that you offer Quantitative Analysis or any course, the system would check and suggest to you students offering that same course.
Now let's come to GITEX, what's been your take on this event?
I have met a lot of people here, people who want to do business with Nigerians. I think the world here is open minded and people are doing great things here. One of the most major things I have learned here is how the world is trying to integrate the existing systems into what we have been bringing up in Nigeria. For instance, I met with the Wikimedia Foundation people, and they are also looking at integrating Wikipedia too. They too are like Phinnx project. So that any lecturer or student using Phinnx can have access to Wikipedia and write inside Phinnx, that's going top be a good for Nigerians. For instance, if a professor gives an assignment, we can suggest pages on Wikipedia where students can read to know more about the assignment.
If you raise this money for instance, does the investor gets an equity?
Is it when you get funds, merge it up with what you have at the moment, then you bring out your final product?
There is a final product now. For instance, the DG of NITDA suggested that we integrate the system and turn it in for a more robust and anti-plagiarism support. So, what we need to do is to find a way to secure the license and integrate. So the product is constant development, there is no stop. We keep improving and supporting.
We have what we call the community process; you know this project is for all Nigerian people in academia. We don't want to have a final say that whatever we build they must use, so we are in constant consultation with them. To ask lecturers and students on what they want on the platform and how they want it.
What's vision after the launch in November in the next five years?
In the short term, out goal is to connect the academic. We are starting with 45 to 50 schools, for now, we have over 400. So our major goal is to develop a software system that would interconnect them, to support these institutions with broadband that would give them the enabling environment to consume this services where ever they are, once we can do this, then they can generate content.


text:
Written on: 25. 8. 2011 in the category: news
Are you against capital punishment? You probably are. Very well. If Hitler or Himmler, he of The Final Solution, had been captured alive, should they have been executed? Would it not have been a revolting insult to the millions of dead for those men to have been allowed to remain alive? No doubt they could have penned exquisitely thoughtful essays on the meaning of guilt in the long years that mercy might have allowed them, but really, the world is always a better place without such creatures. A Pierrepoint with purpose can often do wonders.
So I'm probably not like you. I accept in principle the right of the state to execute. The practical objections are many – so much so, indeed, that capital punishment might even become impossible in practice. But if I were to hear of capital punishment for heinous crimes elsewhere, I am unlikely to sign a petition for mercy. A serial child-killer in Texas really can go his own sweet way to the chair, as far as I'm concerned.
Four young Russian men have just been found guilty of gang-raping a teenage girl in London. Admittedly, this was after an eight-week trial, so it's possible that there were some subtleties that I haven't grasped, and maybe they deserve some compassion. Certainly, under EU law, and human rights conventions, no-one can be executed for anything, which I personally think is an ideological virtue taken to excess, but no matter. The men will not be executed. However, if the crime had occurred in the hypothetical Republic of Mormonistan or in the Kingdom of Redneckovia where gang-rape is a capital-crime, and there were no doubt about their guilt, and someone were to ask me to sign a petition demanding clemency, I would decline, and not even politely. Gang-rapists deserve the pity of gravitational hemp.
Dominic Lawson once wrote a celebrated analysis of a Guardian profile of some politician, in which the latter had been described as "anti-capital punishment but also anti-abortion". Hold on, he said. What was the "but" doing there? Surely, if one was opposed to killing an adult, one would hardly then countenance killing an unborn child? But – ah yes, that word again – in the Guardian world-view, being against capital punishment of a known murderer is ideologically and morally synonymous with maintaining the right to kill a blameless foetus. Yet there is no actual moral logic or ethical coherence connecting the two stances, merely the irreducible and passionately-held belief that there is. This is writing emotions into law.
To be sure, mankind has always done that – which is why heresy became and remained for so long a criminal offence. It is also why we still have laws against sex-for-money. These were once the creation of a Catholic or Christian culture, but they are now largely the preserve of feminists. Only an emotionally illogical incontinence of the Guardian but-variety would allow feminists to campaign for, "Women's Bodies Are Their Own", and "Women's Right To Choose!" at the same time as campaigning for, "But Not Their Right To Use Their Bodies As Sex-Workers!"
Feminists don't like it that men want to and often can buy sexual favours from women. Perhaps it is because there is no real equivalence. Women's libido does not really find gratification in buying male bodies. So feminists want to criminalise this one-way activity, even when there's no proof that there was any coercion involved. To justify this stance, their argument is usually clouded with generalised allegations of "trafficking", with the clear suggestion that many working girls are sex-slaves who have been brought here against their will.
Sorry. This will not do. Parallel investigations in Ireland and England have revealed almost no confirmed cases of slave-trafficking for the sex-industry in recent history. As the liberalising ginger-group, "Turn off the Blue Light" argues, the average "brothel-keeper" in Ireland is a young foreign woman who is herself an independent sex-worker. The term "brothel-keeper" is of course an absurd anachronism: and our courts now virtually recognise as much. Only one of the 55 people who have pleaded guilty to the charge in the past five years has been imprisoned. But nonetheless they now have criminal records, for engaging in the kind of sexual deeds that most of us have been doing since we were teenagers.
The only justification for this idiocy comes with the deployment of a Guardian style "but". Adult women may do what adult women may want to do, but not if other adult women called Feminists disapprove of them doing it. This now takes the disingenuous guise of the latest Swedish femi-wheeze: the demand to prosecute the male clients instead. In other words, punish someone for a consensual activity between grown-ups, merely because you disapprove of it. This is the same moral basis upon which laws against male homosexuals were enacted. The absence of any campaign against male homosexual prostitution confirms the lack of any coherent legal logic here. In reality, this is all about the jurisprudential gratification of some powerful and deeply prudish emotions masquerading as "feminism": which is just about the worst possible reason for any law.


Want to make the best of your time in Crete?
A selection of the most scenic locations in Crete?
This eBook mentions hiking opportunities but this is not a hiking guide.
Thanks and Enjoy your trip to CRETE!


Rents are based on each room's size and facilities. All our rooms are well furnished and centrally heated, with fast internet, and access to showers, laundry facilities, and basic kitchens.
Your rent (also known as the 'accommodation licence fee') includes internet access, utilities, cleaning in communal areas, and laundry facilities. You pay the licence fee in three installments over the course of the year. Download the full list of undergraduate rooms and fees.
What type of rent will you need?
Undergraduate students are normally required to clear their room of all personal belongings during the Christmas, Easter and summer vacations and take everything home with them, as the College has very limited storage space. Students resident outside the UK and those living in the far north and west of the UK have priority for storing their belongings.
Short - 27 weeks over the three terms. This applies to first year students only.
Standard - 32 weeks over the three terms. This applies to some first year students, but mostly to second, third, and fourth year students.
Long - 38 to 39 weeks, from Michaelmas term until the end of Easter term. This applies to second, third, and fourth year students who wish to stay in their rooms during the vacations as well as in term time.
All rooms are fully furnished with a standard set of furniture: a bed, wardrobe, desk, desk lamp, desk chair, bookcase, chest of drawers, bedside table, an armchair or easy chair, a notice board, and picture hooks. You need to bring your own bedding, pillows, bedlinen, and towels.
You can bring your own furniture and furnishings as long as they're listed in the accommodation licence agreement. The same goes for any electrical equipment - you're responsible for making sure that any electrical appliances you bring are safe to use and British Standard approved. We recommend getting your appliances Portable Appliance Tested before you arrive.
All kitchens are equipped with at least a kettle, toaster, hob, and refrigerator. Main site kitchens have microwaves and shared house kitchens have full ovens. You'll need to bring your own pots, pans, cutlery, and crockery.
If you have special requirements, for instance for health or religious reasons, please email ugradrooms@jesus.cam.ac.uk to let us know.
The laundry room on the main College site is in the basement of Chapel Court, although North Court residents have their own laundry facilities. There are washing machines available to use in all shared houses and, in some cases, tumble dryers too.
Heating, lighting, and water bills are all included in your rent, as is high speed broadband internet access.
The housekeeping department regularly clean all communal areas, including corridors, kitchens, and communal bathrooms. They also remove rubbish and recycling from communal areas. It will, however, be your responsibility to keep the communal areas in good order and to clean your own room. Equipment such as vacuum cleaners are available for you to use.
All undergraduate students are required to pay a termly Kitchen Fixed Charge (KFC) of £185 as their contribution towards the cost of the production, staffing and serving of meals. Meals will then be charged as taken. An application can be made to the Senior Tutor for an annual exemption from the KFC but only on grounds of health or religion. Note that exemptions cannot be backdated.
If you wish to watch a television in your room, you will need your own valid annual TV licence, the College doesn't hold a general one. Please visit the TV Licensing website for further information.
We can't accept any responsibility for loss or damage to students' personal property.
Over the last few years, at the request of the Jesus College Student Union, the College has taken out a block contents insurance policy with a provider called Endsleigh. This covers the personal belongings of resident students in the event of damage or loss resulting from fire, flood, and theft.
The annual premium for the basic cover is £7, which is added to the College bill of each student during the Michaelmas term. Limitations and exclusions to the basic cover apply. However, you can extend your cover to protect other items for an extra fee.
The University website has a more detailed breakdown of estimated living costs.
At the start of the year you'll be able to view and check your room inventory which notes all furniture, furnishings, and fittings, and their condition.
If there are any items in your room which aren't working, you can report the fault through JNet, the College intranet. Once a fault report is submitted, you will receive a confirmation email and a fault report number.
The Porters' Lodge at the main entrance to College is open 24 hours a day throughout the year. It's the main point of contact for out of hours emergencies. The Porters' main responsibility is to ensure that the College is safe and secure. If you ever lose your University Card (which you need to access your accommodation), you can borrow a temporary access card after a quick security check.
If you have any questions about our undergraduate accommodation please email us at ugrad-rooms@jesus.cam.ac.uk.


text:
<?php

class Settings_Vtiger_OutgoingServerDetail_View extends Settings_Vtiger_Index_View {

    public function process(Vtiger_Request $request) {
        $systemDetailsModel = Settings_Vtiger_Systems_Model::getInstanceFromServerType('email', 'OutgoingServer');
        $viewer = $this->getViewer($request);
        $qualifiedName = $request->getModule(false);

        $viewer->assign('MODEL',$systemDetailsModel);
		$viewer->assign('QUALIFIED_MODULE', $qualifiedName);
		$viewer->assign('CURRENT_USER_MODEL', Users_Record_Model::getCurrentUserModel());
        $viewer->view('OutgoingServerDetail.tpl',$qualifiedName);
    }

	function getPageTitle(Vtiger_Request $request) {
		$qualifiedModuleName = $request->getModule(false);
		return vtranslate('LBL_OUTGOING_SERVER',$qualifiedModuleName);
	}

	/**
	 * Function to get the list of Script models to be included
	 * @param Vtiger_Request $request
	 * @return <Array> - List of Vtiger_JsScript_Model instances
	 */
	function getHeaderScripts(Vtiger_Request $request) {
		$headerScriptInstances = parent::getHeaderScripts($request);
		$moduleName = $request->getModule();

		$jsFileNames = array(
			"modules.Settings.$moduleName.resources.OutgoingServer"
		);

		$jsScriptInstances = $this->checkAndConvertJsScripts($jsFileNames);
		$headerScriptInstances = array_merge($headerScriptInstances, $jsScriptInstances);
		return $headerScriptInstances;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Vowel Deletion and Insertion in Úwù
Allison Idris Olawale Ekiti State University
Keywords: Vowel deletion, Insertion, Linear Phonology, Autosegmental Phonology, Prothesis
Úwù is one of the many endangered languages in Nigeria.The number of its fluent speakers is believed to be less than 2000.The language is spoken in a small community known as Àyèré in Ìjùmú Local Government Area (LGA) of Kogi state. This paper describes the manifestation of vowel deletion and insertion in the language with the view of testing earlier assertions on the nature of vowel deletion and insertion in languages that are genetically related to Úwù. Apart from this, the paper is also an attempt to document these phonological phenomena (i.e. vowel deletion and insertion) before the language goes into extinction. About six hundred (600) lexical items of Úwù were collected for this research work with the aid of the 1000 word-list of the Summer Institute of Linguistics. Both linear and non-linear models were adopted for analysis in this research work. Cases involving segmental phonemes were analyzed with the linear phonology, while cases of feature stability and feature spread wereanalyzed using the non-linear model. The paper, among other things, reveals that the pattern of vowel deletion is predictable in Úwù, auto-segments like tone (mostly high tone), nasality and labial or round features usually persist even when the vowel which bore them was deleted. Apart from this, the paper also reveals that [i] is the epenthetic vowel in Úwù, and lastly, it is argued in the paper that nouns in Úwù are virtually vowel initial.
Idris Olawale, A. (2017). Vowel Deletion and Insertion in Úwù. Journal of Language and Education, 3(2), 19-29. https://doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2017-3-2-19-29


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As we all know, Thanos is getting a lot of press these days. And he'll be in the spotlight again as we get a special look at some of his most infamous stories with the upcoming THANOS #1, written by Tini Howard with art by Ariel Olivetti. But let's pause for a second and ask ourselves – is the Mad Titan really that bad? Sure, he snapped half of all life out of existence. But he has to have some redeeming qualities, right? Maybe we've been looking at Thanos the wrong way.
To try and answer that question, we're taking a look at five times Thanos was the hero of his own story.
In 1990's THANOS QUEST and 1991's INFINITY GUANTLET, Thanos was on a mission to hunt down the Infinity Gems. And sure, stealing these super powerful stones in order to wipe out billions of people is, shall we say, ill-advised. But he did it for love. He wanted to prove to Death that he was worthy of her affection and respect. And yeah, this probably wasn't the foundation of a healthy relationship, but wasn't his heart in the right place?
Thanos is probably best known for his infamous snap, but there was a time he actually saved all living beings. In 2007's ANNIHLATION #4, when he learned that Annihilus planned to use the Power Cosmic to destroy all life except for himself, Thanos attempted to free a detained Galactus so he could defeat Annihilus. Unfortunately, Drax killed Thanos (in the comic book sense of the term) before he had the chance to follow through with his plan. Luckily, Drax found out that Thanos had created a failsafe device that would allow the Silver Surfer to free Galactus in just such a situation. So basically, the entire Marvel Universe would be dead if not for the Mad Titan.
Ok, so Thanos' parenting skills were admittedly pretty questionable. And their relationship has been, at best, complicated. But Gamora was the last of her species and likely would not have survived if not for Thanos. And it's because he trained her to be the "deadliest woman in the galaxy" that she's able to go on and team up with the likes of the Guardians of the Galaxy, the Avengers, Adam Warlock, Mar-Vell, and others. He might not have been the most emotionally present dad, but Thanos did, at least, raise Gamora to be a formidable fighter, and she uses those skills to become a hero.
As the events of 2016's THANOS series unfolded, the Mad Titan was taken millions of years into the future by the Rider, where he encountered an older version of himself who destroyed nearly all life in the universe. He saw how miserable his older self was, despite having succeeded in his destructive goals. And when he traveled back in time, we saw the future Thanos's world crumbling around him, meaning present-day Thanos had taken steps necessary to change the timeline. So Thanos was, in fact, capable of self-reflection and willing to change his ways.
Even villains can do good deeds now and then. In 1994's THOR #471, Thor found himself suffering from Warrior Madness, which sent him into an unstoppable and violent rage. There aren't many who can go against a god who's in that state, but Thanos and the Eternal managed to drag Thor to Odin, who cured him of the madness. Sure, Thanos had his own reasons for doing it… but it was still a nice gesture!
Clearly, Thanos rarely gets the benefit of the doubt. He has done some pretty awful stuff, but there are plenty of times when he's just misunderstood. Even the Mad Titan has a heart!
THANOS #1, written by Tini Howard with art by Ariel Olivetti, goes on sale Wednesday, April 24. You can pre-order your copy today online or at your local comic shop!