text:
What are the consequences of the Brexit referendum on the relationship between European Union and United Kingdom?
di Chiara Verdone-
"There is one thing you British will never understand: an idea.
And there is one thing you are supremely good at grasping: a hard fact.
We will have to build Europe without you; but then you will come in and join us".
(Jean Monnet)
The international and English press have often written about an increase in the English Euroscepticism. Considering the speed to which the Eurosceptic party UKIP obtained supporters, reaching the 26,77% of the votes at the Parliament Election of 2014, and the Referendum's result of 2016, in order to decide the possibility of withdrawal from the EU, it is possible to identify the UK as Eurosceptic.
The reasons of this Euroscepticism are based in the II World War, when the UK considered itself as a powerful country on the same level of URSS and USA. Since all the European countries were defeated, the relationship between USA and UK became more strengthen. Indeed, in the 50s, the English politicians did not showed interest for the European community project. Thinking to preserve its own economic interests, UK remained outside the European Economic Community (EECI), making a mistake.
Abandoning the negotiations on the EEC, the UK proposed to the Six to transform the entire Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in a common market, characterized from freedom of movement. In front of the decline to participate in this project, the UK decided to create an own zona of free trade, the "European Free Trade Association" (EFTA6). The differences between the EEC and the EFTA was clear since the beginning. Indeed, the EEC was a success while the EFTA did not have a success from an economic point of view because it produced benefits for the little State with a low rate while for the UK the benefits were modest. In 1960, the English Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, decided that to not enter in the EEC was a mistake and started to work on an adhesion request. From 1961 to 1963 the UK participated into the agreements to enter in the common market of the Six. The negotiations between UK and EEC were complex, especially regards the applicable rate to the commercial goods with the ex-English colonies. Furthermore, in 1963, before the approval of the negotiations, the French President of the Republic, Charles de Gaulle, refused, unilaterally, the entrance of the UK in the EEC due to his suspects concerning the relationship between UK and USA. A second request of enter in the EEC was rejected by the Gaulle, but after his resignation in 1969, his successor, Georges Pompidou, declared that he had no problems with UK entering in the EEC, which happened in 1973. Although the obstacles met in entering in the EEC, the Euroscepticism permeated UK and in 1974, the English Prime Minister, Harold Wilson, proposed a referendum on the possibility to abandon the EEC, which did not obtain a positive result. The situation about the euro and the Euroscepticism did not change with Tony Blair and David Cameron's mandates. The former stated that the euro needed to pass some tests and after its failure, it would be released from the English policy. Instead, David Cameron started his career as Eurosceptic and attended the UK in the failure of the European Monetary System (EMS), ripening a strong opposition to other monetary integration projects.
THE REFERENDUM
On the 23rd January 2013, David Cameron confirmed his intention to exit from the EU, promising a referendum in 2017. In doing so, the Prime Minister did not express, literally, that he would vote for the exit in case in which the English requests would not meet a positive response from the other Member States. Cameron stated that his strategy was to guarantee an active and influent role to the UK in the EU and that he wanted to re-negotiate new and more favourable conditions for the UK, which could support the permanence in the EU. In 2016, the President of the European Council, Donald Tusk, prepared a draft of this new reforms and, after several negotiations, the final text of the agreement between UK and EU was approved on the 19th February 2016. David Cameron declared to be satisfied from the negotiated agreements and that, after ensuring these membership's conditions for the UK, he could recommend to the English people to vote for stay in the EU.
NATURE OF THE REFERENDUM
The referendum was indicted on 23rd June 2016. The question, for the English people, was: "The UK might remain a member of the EU or need to abandon the EU?"
The referendum was consultative, without legal or mandatory nature. The Parliament could have ignored the people's willingness to exit from the EU. Practically, David Cameron stated that, in case of the win of the Brexit, he would have invoked art. 50 of the TEU. There was a great confusion around the Brexit referendum because part of the people did not know what the EU is, and the other part did not understand the real content of the referendum. The Electoral Commission of the UK assumed great responsibilities in order to guarantee a loyal competition between the campaign in favour and against the EU. It nominated two official campaigns, pro Brexit (VoteLeave) and pro EU (Britain Stronger in Europe). Both the campaigns received a financing of 600.000 pounds.
The result of the Brexit referendum was announced on the 23rd June 2016: the 51,9% of the UK's voters decide to exit from the EU while the 48,1% voted to remain. By analysing the result from a geographical point of view, it is possible to note that England wanted to leave the EU with the 53,4% of votes for Brexit. In London, only the 40,1% while the Occidental Midlands reached the 59,3% of consensus and the Wales 52,5%. Scottish and North Ireland voted to stay in the EU with a percentage of 62,0% and 55,8% respectively.
It is interesting to look at the result by considering the age of voters. From the over 65, only the 36% wanted to stay in the EU while between 25-49 age, the percentage increase to 54% and between 1824 age, the percentage of people who wanted to stay in the EU is 71%. This showed a strong distinction between the generations. On one hand, the youngest, "sons" of the "Erasmus generation" that enjoy the freedom of movement and, on the other hand, the older generaltion. Another important data is the social class of the voters. Under the educational level, the 68% of graduated or owner of specialized diploma decided to stay. The 70% of people, who interrupted the studies at 16 years, decided in favour of Brexit. It is also important to note that the desire of leave the EU is more accentuated in the outskirts and suburbs of the cities. The British government announced, formally, the start of the Brexit procedure in 2017, invoking art. 50 of the TEU. After the declaration of the result, David Cameron presented his dismission and Theresa May become his successor. There were two possible solutions: hard and soft Brexit. The first provided an absolute separation between UK and EU with the exit, firstly, from the common market and, secondly, with a commercial agreement regulated by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The second provided an agreement similar to the one of Norway with the possibility for the UK to remain in the common market. With this second solution, there was also a need to regulate and protect the relationship between UK and the other Member States.
INVOKING ART. 50 TEU
When David Cameron presented the dismissal, stated that the invocation of art. 50 TEU was a matter of the new Prime Minister, Theresa May, who waited until the 2017, in order to prepare the negotiations. The notification of the activation of the Brexit procedure was on 19th June 2017 with a letter of Theresa May to the European Council. In April 2017, Theresa May decided to introduce a general and anticipated election in order to enforce her negotiation' position with a stronger national consensus. Furthermore, the election created a hung parliament and Theresa May remained as Prime Minister. The negotiations started in Brussels on 19th June 2017, in presence of the negotiation's head Michel Barnier and of the State's Secretary for the exit from the EU, member of the British government, David Davis.
On the 20th March 2019, Theresa May wrote to the President of the European Council in order to postpone the date established for the Brexit at 30 June 2019. There were several discussions between the leaders of the remaining Member States and, on 22nd March 2019, the EU proposed two options: the first one was that if the parliamentarian could refuse the deal drafted in May, the Brexit could enter into force on 12th April 2019, with or without the deal or, in alternative, it could be necessary to request a terms' extension with the duty to participate at the European Parliament Election of 2019. The second one recited that if the parliamentarians could approve the deal, the Brexit could enter into force on the 22nd of May 2019, the date before the European Parliament Election. At the end, there was an extension to the 31st October 2019.
On 23rd July 2019, Boris Johnson became Prime Minister and the EU re-viewed its position. Indeed, it was planned and approved by the UK and the EU Commission a withdrawal deal, which contained a new protocol for Ireland and a modification of the amendments. In order to enter into force, the deal needed a ratification from both the EU Parliament and the UK Parliament. The UK parliament approved a law of the European Union (withdrawal) (no.2 of 2019) which received the royal assent in September 2019, imposing to the Prime Minister to ask for a third extension in case of an absence of the deal. The extension was approved. Johnson campaign founded on "to do Brexit" and its political party obtained, in the general election of 12 December 2020, a majority of 80 of polling place in parliament. Successively, the government presented the withdrawal agreement which passed its second reading in the House of Commons and became law on the 23rd January called the European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020. In the same day, Ursula von der Leyen and Charles Michel signed the agreement and the EU Parliament gave its consent while the EU Council concluded EU ratification the following day. On the 31st January 2020, at 11 p.m, the relationship between UK and EU ceased, without any deal between EU and UK.
The situation for Scottish and North Ireland was different because the latter wanted to claim its independence from the UK in order to remain the EU while the second wanted to get special treatments in its relationship with the EU.
After three years from the referendum of 2016, the Brexit is completed. The UK is the first State which decided in favour of the withdrawal from the EU. Theoretically, the UK citizens are not EU citizens, but the real withdrawal require a period of transaction from the 1st February to the 31st December 2020, in order to adopt the decision. During these months, the relationship will be the same, so the UK remain in the common market and in the EU but do not take part to the political decisions of the EU. In addition, the UK will continue to pay its quota to the EU and will contribute to the European budget. The period of transaction, especially with the Covid-19 crisis, represent an obstacle to the final withdrawal.
WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES?
The first immediate consequence was a stock market crash. The Governor of the Bank of England, Mark Carney, tried to calm the market declaring that the Bank was ready to act in a special manner in order to mitigate the vote results. During the storm caused by the referendum, there was an increase of the gold request which was considered to be the most safety type of investment.
The uncertainty of the Brexit decreased the British gross domestic product (GDP), the national British revenue, the investments of the companies, employment and international trade. The situation in North Ireland created a controversial question due to the fact that there will be a breach of the Good Friday Agreements. The EU lost one of the most powerful countries in economic terms and the UK will not be a shareholder of the European Investment Bank (EIB) where it owns a 16% of the quotas. Several European agencies decided to change their own headquarters towards other countries. The UK will not only leave the common agricultural policy, which provide government financial support to the farmers but, also to create an its own agriculture policy. Brexit is a challenge also for the academic world because it is probable that the UK will lose financing for the research from the EU. In addition, after the Brexit, the UK will govern itself and the European law will not have the principle of supremacy on national law. In order to guarantee a certain level of stability, the EU law will be converted in national law and the British government will decide its application. Moreover, the European Court of Justice will not limit the British courts. The UK will be capable to manage the immigration question from other EU States on an "immigration system based on competences", which give the priority to qualified migrants. The European citizens that live in UK, will continue to live on the territory but they will need to adopt the mechanism of resettlement established in 2019 by the European Union. Basically, the Brexit represents the end of the free movement of person.
In nowadays, it is possible to see some adjustments to the Brexit which give the idea of a more orderly withdrawal. The impact, not only of the Brexit but also of the current crisis called Covid-19, put the UK in a very dangerous situation. The value of the pounds decreased and there is a will to return to border's controls. As aforementioned, Johnson does not want to ask for an extension of the transaction's period, as suggested by Scotland and North Ireland, in order to have more time to stipulate a commercial agreement with the EU. The lockdown's impact was particularly negative for the British economy. There are news for the companies regarding the EU goods. Indeed, the EU goods will not be subjected to rigorous controls at the border for sixth months, also in case of "no deal". The government knows that companies cannot manage, simultaneously, the pandemic crisis and the queues at the border. This soft control concerns only goods which arrive from the EU and not British exportation towards the EU.
Moreover, the Brexit caused also an increase in the Euroscepticism among Europe, especially in France and Italy where the political leaders congratulated with the British people and promised to do the same. Marine le Pen announced her enthusiasm for the Brexit, threatened a Frexit, on the same model of the UK while Metteo Salvini published a tweet with the tone similar to Marine Le Pen, showing all his pride.
Europe needs more cohesion and must take into account several aspects of the Brexit referendum. The EU committed mistakes in the management of crises as the migration and Eurozone crisis, which contributed to amplify the Euroscepticism among Member States, showing the structural and functional fragility of Europe. Due to the austerity policy introduced by the crisis of 2008, there was a strong evidence of the differences between Member States, generating a class of powerful and less powerful States in economic and political terms. Although the Brexit's situation and results, Europe must consider adopting a more fair and balanced policy, taking into account the State's needs. This project of social, economic and political cohesion is one of the most difficult and important challenges of Europe, which could help the European harmonization project and create a more compact Union.


This beguiling envelope opens up to reveal a space for secret messages. A precious gold charm that offers also personalised engraving possibilities: a personal message, address or date at the front and initials at the back. It can be worn as a pendant or on a bracelet.


text:
define(function(require) {
  'use strict';

  var YouTubePlayerError = require('common/enum/youTubePlayerError');
  var ErrorDialogView = require('foreground/view/dialog/errorDialogView');
  var GoogleSignInDialogView = require('foreground/view/dialog/googleSignInDialogView');
  var LinkUserIdDialogView = require('foreground/view/dialog/linkUserIdDialogView');
  var UpdateStreamusDialogView = require('foreground/view/dialog/updateStreamusDialogView');

  var DialogRegion = Marionette.Region.extend({
    player: null,
    signInManager: null,

    initialize: function(options) {
      this.player = options.player;
      this.signInManager = options.signInManager;

      this.listenTo(StreamusFG.channels.dialog.commands, 'show:dialog', this._showDialog);
      this.listenTo(StreamusFG.channels.foregroundArea.vent, 'idle', this._onForegroundAreaIdle);
      this.listenTo(this.player, 'youTubeError', this._onPlayerYouTubeError);
      this.listenTo(this.signInManager, 'change:needLinkUserId', this._onSignInManagerChangeNeedLinkUserId);
      this.listenTo(this.signInManager, 'change:needGoogleSignIn', this._onSignInManagerChangeNeedGoogleSignIn);
      chrome.runtime.onUpdateAvailable.addListener(this._onChromeRuntimeUpdateAvailable.bind(this));
    },

    _onForegroundAreaIdle: function() {
      this._showDialogIfNeedGoogleSignIn();
      this._showDialogIfNeedLinkUserId();
      this._showDialogIfUpdateAvailable();
    },

    // Make sure Streamus stays up to date because if my Server de-syncs people won't be able to save properly.
    // http://developer.chrome.com/extensions/runtime#method-requestUpdateCheck
    _showDialogIfUpdateAvailable: function() {
      // Calling requestUpdateCheck will cause onUpdateAvailable to trigger if an update is available.
      chrome.runtime.requestUpdateCheck(_.noop);
    },

    // If needed, show a dialog prompting the user to link their G+ account ID to their Streamus user.
    _showDialogIfNeedLinkUserId: function() {
      if (this.signInManager.get('needLinkUserId')) {
        this._showLinkUserIdDialog();
      }
    },

    _showDialogIfNeedGoogleSignIn: function() {
      if (this.signInManager.get('needGoogleSignIn')) {
        this._showGoogleSignInDialog();
      }
    },

    // Notify user that they should restart Streamus because an update has been downloaded.
    _onChromeRuntimeUpdateAvailable: function() {
      this._showDialog(UpdateStreamusDialogView);
    },

    _onSignInManagerChangeNeedLinkUserId: function(model, needLinkUserId) {
      if (needLinkUserId) {
        this._showLinkUserIdDialog();
      }
    },

    _onSignInManagerChangeNeedGoogleSignIn: function(model, needGoogleSignIn) {
      if (needGoogleSignIn) {
        this._showGoogleSignInDialog();
      }
    },

    // Ask the user to confirm linking their Google+ ID to the currently signed in Chrome account.
    _showLinkUserIdDialog: function() {
      this._showDialog(LinkUserIdDialogView, {
        signInManager: StreamusFG.backgroundProperties.signInManager
      });
    },

    _showGoogleSignInDialog: function() {
      this._showDialog(GoogleSignInDialogView, {
        signInManager: StreamusFG.backgroundProperties.signInManager
      });
    },

    _showDialog: function(DialogView, options) {
      var dialogView = new DialogView(options);

      // Sometimes checkbox reminders are in place which would indicate the view's onSubmit event should run immediately.
      var reminderEnabled = dialogView.isReminderEnabled();

      if (reminderEnabled) {
        this.show(dialogView);
      } else {
        dialogView.onSubmit();
      }
    },

    _onPlayerYouTubeError: function(model, youTubeError) {
      this._showYouTubeErrorDialog(youTubeError);
    },

    // Notify user that YouTube's API has emitted an error
    _showYouTubeErrorDialog: function(youTubeError) {
      var text = chrome.i18n.getMessage('errorEncountered');

      switch (youTubeError) {
        case YouTubePlayerError.VideoNotFound:
          text = chrome.i18n.getMessage('youTubePlayerErrorSongNotFound');
          break;
        case YouTubePlayerError.InvalidParameter:
        case YouTubePlayerError.NoPlayEmbedded:
        case YouTubePlayerError.NoPlayEmbedded2:
          text = chrome.i18n.getMessage('youTubePlayerErrorNoPlayEmbedded');
          break;
      }

      this._showDialog(ErrorDialogView, {
        player: StreamusFG.backgroundProperties.player,
        text: text,
        error: youTubeError
      });
    }
  });

  return DialogRegion;
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


With more than 15 years experience in higher education at the university, state, and national level, I can genuinely say I enjoy my work. For many prospective students, the college admissions process is an arduous and daunting task. As a higher education administrator, college admissions and enrollment management allows me to improve the college search experience, provide avenues of opportunity, and assist students with what is potentially the first and most important adult decision they will make.
I fervently believe in the profound way in which higher education opens doors of opportunity and serves as a catalyst for change, as my upbringing was a product of it. Unlike my father, born in 1942 in Mississippi, I was shielded from the struggles many families experience in seeking a better life. And though I am not a first generation college student, listening to snippets of the experience he selectively shares, and imagining all that he overcame as a black male at a time of great strife in our country, reminds me that the struggle is not so distant in history. It is reflected, more than half a century later, in today's less privileged and disenfranchised students who seek higher education. I find it is my belief in access to education that drives my own pursuit, as I re-enter the classroom on my journey towards a doctorate degree.
Analysis Of Smokin, Gators Property Management, Inc.


text:
Rogers Cadenhead - a hypocrite?
A quote from the New York Times, naturally in relation to Google - the arch enemy of the tin-foil hat brigade, from Rogers Cadenhead:
Because Google is so popular, its smallest decisions can carry great weight. Rogers Cadenhead, a Web site developer and author, said he was disturbed that Google supports one format for distributing Web log entries over another. "I would boycott Google if I could," said Mr. Cadenhead, of St. Augustine, Fla., who said he spends hours a day on the site. "But I can't. It's like boycotting gas."
This is over the issue of Google deciding to add Atom feeds to their free Blogger service. So Cadenhead is disturbed about a company chosing one format over another. Interestingly, I don't ever recall him being disturbed when the New York Times, and CNet, amongst others, have also made a similar one-sided decision. So why single out Google?
The reason Cadenhead gives is that he uses Google quite often. Yet he is subscribed to both the New York Times and CNet, so its not the frequency of use. Seems a little odd, doesn't it? All three companies have made a decision of one format over another, yet Google is singled out for criticism, but not the other two.
Its not that Google made a choice that ruffled Cadenhead, its the fact they chose Atom over RSS 2.0 that riles him so. I bet if Google had chosen RSS instead of Atom, Rogers wouldn't now be quoted in the New York Times. Look at the facts - Rogers Cadenhead: an outspoken customer of Userland, the author of a book on Radio Userland , and a personal friend of Dave Winer has an invested interest in RSS. Perhaps even a dependance on its future success or survival.
A few weeks ago, Rogers Cadenhead had a go at Ben Hammersley because of an article he wrote for the Guardian over the uncompromising and failed Atom RSS "peace proposal". The article acknowledged that Ben was author of the O'Reilly book "Content syndication with RSS". That wasn't enough for Rogers, who promptly complained to the Guardian about what he referred to as "improper disclosure", he wanted Hammersley's involvement in the RSS1.0 working group - probably a step too far for Guardian readers, the vast majority of whom have never heard of RSS.
Did Rogers properly disclose his involvement in the syndication format Google didn't choose? It certainly doesn't look like it, he is referred to as just "a website developer and author", not "an evangelist of a format Google didn't chose". You would have thought the New York Times would spot a conflict of interest, unless Cadenhead himself didn't disclose the true background of his comments. Rogers defends himself with:
That's the big problem with Hammersley's piece; it's fundamentally dishonest to present his coverage of RSS as a straight news story when he's strongly involved in syndication format development.
In that regard, surely Rogers knew that his deep involvement in RSS, and his dislike of Atom is the core reason behind his distured view of Google, not the fact that Google chose one format out of two.
Its surprising that a journalist and developer of Rogers Cadenhead's caliber finds himself caught in this sort of mess. Considering the bulk of the anti-Atom nonsense is based on the lack of support in Userland Radio, Rogers is perfectly capable of writing a Radio script to allow the aggregation of the Atom format. That would be a constructive developer's approach to solving this problem.
Rogers, you don't need a tin-foil hat. Seriously, you have nothing to fear from Atom.
Update 13th May 2004: Rogers replies with Examined at the Atomic Level:
I told the reporter that I was a computer book author and Web publisher who works extensively with syndication formats.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Trainees excel in three-minute talk challenge
Fifteen trainees competed in presenting three-minute, plain language summaries of their research, and three winners will receive travel awards.
Fifteen trainees at NIEHS and the National Toxicology Program (NTP) took up the challenge to distill their biomedical research into a three-minute, plain language summary. The audience cheered the high-energy and often fascinating presentations that provided glimpses into a range of biomedical research topics, cutting-edge techniques, and impacts on public health.
As the latest in the popular Big Picture, Small Talk event, the Feb. 16 competition tasked the scientists with describing their work in language that a general audience would understand. In keeping with that theme, the participants were judged by a panel of volunteers from across the institute.
Three winners were chosen, and each will receive a travel award to attend the conference of her or his choice.
Lee Langer, Ph.D., Chromatin and Gene Expression Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory (ESCBL)
Priya Jayaraman, Ph.D., Immunogenetics Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory (IIDL)
David Scoville, Ph.D., Cell Biology Group, IIDL
Tammy Collins, Ph.D., director of the NIEHS Office of Fellows Career Development, congratulated all participants on an outstanding job. "It was great to see so many take advantage of this opportunity to polish an important skill that doesn't always get the attention it should. By that, I mean explaining to a lay audience the nature and importance of your research," Collins said. "In an age of social media, there are lots of ways to spread the word about environmental health research, and it is critical to give people information they can understand."
Trainees are not the only ones to benefit. "As someone who doesn't come from a science background, I find the Big Picture, Small Talk series to be extremely insightful," said Ian Thomas, from the NIEHS Office of Communications and Public Liaison, who served as a judge. "At only three minutes in length, these talks challenged the speakers to tackle the meat of why their research matters, while at the same time pressing them to explain that in a way that doesn't require a Ph.D. to understand."
So, what type of research do you work on?
The challenge was framed as a simple question, one that a relative, neighbor, or new acquaintance might ask. Add in the other two topics they were asked to address — the broader impact on society and what the presenter has gained personally from the experience — and the challenge might well seem impossible.
Yet all contenders (see sidebar) rose to the occasion. Some spoke without notes, and many opened with an attention-grabbing hook.
One trainee had only a 24-hour notice. "I found out yesterday, when someone else had to cancel," said Simone Otto, Ph.D., from the Neurobiology Laboratory (NL). Otto discussed her new project studying how the Zika virus affects neural stem cells in the hippocampus, a region of the brain. Her presentation was as smooth and compelling as the others, aided perhaps by her experience explaining research in nontechnical terms as a volunteer writer for the Environmental Factor.
Thomas underscored the level of competition. "Picking three winners out of the fifteen who presented was a real challenge," he said. "All of the talks were wonderful, and in the end, the three we chose were separated from the rest by a points margin that was barely in the single digits. That's how tight these folks were. They were really, really impressive."
This is the second year of the challenge, and similar challenges have been offered to summer interns at the institute, and participants in the recent Environmental Health Sciences FEST.
From right, judges Thomas, Peggy Mooring, Debbie Wilson, Angie Tew, and Elizabeth Maull, Ph.D., worked hard to keep up with the fast-paced program. (Photo courtesy of Steve McCaw)
Timer Gary Bird, Ph.D., from STL, kept the event running efficiently with warning cards as the minutes wound down. (Photo courtesy of Steve McCaw)
Presenters, seated in the front row in order of appearance, paid careful attention to their fellow competitors as they awaited their turn. (Photo courtesy of Steve McCaw)
From left, Collins congratulated winners Langer, Scoville, and Jayaraman on their presentations. "They were outstanding," she said. (Photo courtesy of Steve McCaw)
Postdocs take up the challenge
In addition to the three winners, a dozen other postdocs rose to the occasion.
Manushree Bharadwaj, Ph.D. —NTP Reproductive Endocrinology Group
Jonathan Busada, Ph.D. — Signal Transduction Laboratory (STL)
Shannon Farris, Ph.D. — NL
Jackson Hoffman, Ph.D. — ESCBL
Gregory Krane, D.V.M. — NTP Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch
Kathryn McClelland, Ph.D. — Reproductive and Development Biology
Kristen Moore, Ph.D. — Epidemiology Branch
Simone Otto, Ph.D. — NL
Rajneesh Pathania, Ph.D. — ESCBL
Matt Quinn, Ph.D. — STL
Sreenivasa Ramaiahgari, Ph.D. — NTP Biomolecular Screening Branch
Elise Smith, Ph.D. — Bioethics Program
NIEHS postbacs earn honors at NIH poster day
K.C. Donnelly Awards go to NIEHS Superfund trainees
Career symposium bigger and better than ever
Spring GEMS meeting focuses on mechanisms
Eleven trainees face the Three-Minute Challenge


text:
The Retirement Lifestyle Advocates Radio Show
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Jeffrey Alexander "Jeff" Frankel and David Scranton join host Dennis Tubbergen
By Dennis Tubbergen | September 27, 2016 | 0
On this week's Everything Financial Radio host Dennis Tubbergen @DennisTubbergen talks with Jeffrey Alexander "Jeff" Frankel and David Scranton.
Jeffrey Alexander "Jeff" Frankel is the James W. Harpel Professor of Capital Formation and Growth at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. A member of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Bill Clinton, Frankel is a noted international macroeconomist. Frankel's contributions include showing econometrically that openness is good for economic growth, by means of a gravity model of trade (with David Romer).
Frankel directs the Program in International Finance and Macroeconomics at the National Bureau of Economic Research and is also on the Business Cycle Dating Committee, which officially declares US recessions.
David Scranton is the founder of New York-based Sound Income Strategies. He's gained a level of notoriety over the years as an advisor who is proactive of his clients' assets and for 30 years, he's specialized in income-generating savings and investment strategies. As a recognized market expert, Dave frequently shares his insights on CNBC, Bloomberg, FOX Business, and his has his own Sunday morning TV show, The Income Generation, on Newsmax Channel. In his newly released book, "Return on Principle," learn 7 core values that will help protect your money in good times and bad.
Everything Financial Radio with host Dennis Tubbergen and guests Jeffrey Alexander "Jeff" Frankel and David Scranton
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text:
Kearney returns from injury for Scotland clash
He refereed us against South Africa as well and we don't seem to see eye-to-eye.
Ireland's defence of their Grand-Slam title ended at the first hurdle last weekend going down to a comprehensive 20-32 defeat to their English counterparts in Aviva Stadium. There were also only five teams involved in the tournament.
"He's a guy who is growing in confidence and hopefully the more often he's in big games like that then the greater his confidence will be and the more comfortable he'll become in the role".
"Physically we didn't match them as a team past year but in 2017 we fronted up very well".
"In that first half we were in our 22 for 34pc of the time and in our half for about 72pc of the time".
Scotland survived a late rally from Italy to claim a 33-20 victory in their Six Nations opener at Murrayfield last Saturday in which they defended poorly in the final quarter, but Laidlaw says they will not stray from their attacking style of rugby.
Carberry started very shakily, a loose pass easily intercepted and allowing Scotland to charge forward, popping the ball back on the Try line to give Sam Johnson an easy try.
"We have a lot of belief in what we're doing and how good a team we are", Best told the BBC.
The Belvedere man says he understands worldwide rugby is very different from the club game but thinks Schmidt's Ireland side need more variations in the opposing 22'.
"We asked for a physical reaction that we didn't have last week".
"We had a couple of chances and we took them, and we were clinical when we had it".
"Now we've got to make sure we kick on from here".
The New Zealand-born flyhalf - who moved to Munster a year ago after being an understudy to Sexton at Leinster - made a nervy start with his pass being intercepted leading to Scotland's try at the end of the first-half.
He said: "If Ireland lose this one, it makes it very tough for them to get anywhere close to winning the competition".
"I think he's benefitting greatly from being down in Munster".
"We trust the players to come off the bench and step up as Joey did".
Schmidt confirmed to the BBC that Sexton had failed a HIA but expects him to recover quickly.
However, he was not too happy about the treatment handed out to Sexton.
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Indeed, you could say that about their last two games, with a famous 4-0 thrashing of Chelsea followed by a tame 2-0 defeat away to Cardiff.
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Edmonton Oilers: Peter Chiarelli's NHL Career is Over


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What Is Beef Chuck?
Cooking FAQs
Danilo Alfaro
Danilo Alfaro has published more than 800 recipes and tutorials focused on making complicated culinary techniques approachable to home cooks.
liangpv / Getty Images
Beef Chuck vs. Filet Mignon
Beef chuck is a large primal cut that used to be a jumble of tough connective tissue, bones, and meat, some of which was used for roasts, and the rest went into the grinder. Today, however, this primal hodgepodge is yielding some subprimal pieces that are gaining an appreciative following among avid carnivores and chefs alike. If you like meat, perhaps you will enjoy discovering these pieces too.
Beef chuck used to come from the meat purveyor as a big primal cut known as square-cut beef chuck, encompassing the upper part of the ribs, the shoulder, and the neck. Typically, about half of the beef chuck would be made into roasts, and the rest was ground for hamburgers or sold as stew meat. Nowadays, butchers and chefs have a lot more options for how to order and fabricate beef chuck. And many home cooks are also starting to scout out these subprimal cuts.
How to Cook Beef Chuck
How to best cook beef chuck has a great deal to do with how the primal cut is fabricated and exactly which subprime you are using. In meat cutting, the word "fabricate" means to cut a large primal cut into smaller subprimal cuts or to cut subprimes into individual steaks, roasts, chops, stir-fry slices, ground beef, and so on. Generally speaking, however, beef chuck usually requires a long, slow cooking method—braising, stewing, or crock pot—to soften it up and release its flavor.
What Does Beef Chuck Taste Like?
Beef chuck tastes like beef. The big difference between the various cuts of the chuck is the amount of flavor and texture each one has. And these factors also determine what is the best use for each cut.
Beef chuck and filet mignon are a great comparison because, though they come from the same animal and are located close to one another, consuming them is quite different, and they are often used in distinctly different ways. Filet mignon is soft and buttery, whereas beef chuck is firm and chewy. Due to its minimal fat, filet mignon must not be cooked beyond medium-rare, or it will dry out and lose its flavor. Beef chuck, on the other hand, generally requires long, slow cooking to soften up and release its flavor. Filet mignon is quite tender but has a mild flavor, while beef chuck, coming from the much-used shoulder muscles, is full of flavor, it is sometimes a bit tough. Finally, filet mignon is quite expensive, whereas beef chuck is one of the most economical cuts there is.
When speaking about varieties of beef chuck, the big distinction is the actual cut of the piece. One of the most common ways of fabricating a beef chuck is by separating it into two major boneless subprimal cuts: the chuck roll and the chuck shoulder clod.
The chuck roll is a large (approximately 20 pounds) boneless subprimal piece made up of the long section of meat between the ribs and the backbone. A skilled butcher can remove the ribs and backbone in one piece, and this piece of meat can then be divided in half. The section that overlays the ribs is usually used for ground beef, and what is left, after being trimmed and squared up, is called the chuck roll.
The chuck roll actually has some tender muscles in it, including a few inches of the longissimus dorsi, which make excellent grilling steaks. In fact, this is the same muscle from which we get rib-eye steaks. But because there are quite a few tough muscles in the chuck roll too, one of the most common techniques is to separate the top section called the chuck eye (which contains the tender longissimus dorsi muscle) from the bottom section known as the chuck under the blade, which can be sliced thin for a stir-fry.
The chuck shoulder clod is basically a big lump of muscle on the top side of the animal, which forms its outer shoulder bulge. Like the chuck roll, the shoulder clod also usually weighs about 20 pounds.
Separating the shoulder clod from the beef chuck requires cutting around and extracting the upper arm bone called the humerus, and then carefully cutting the muscle away from the shoulder blade bone.
The shoulder clod is a group of five muscles that can be separated and fabricated into steaks and roasts. The advantage of separating these muscles is that it allows the connective tissue between them to be removed, which is one of the reasons why beef chuck can be so chewy if it's not cooked properly. But, even with the connective tissue removed, most of the muscles from the shoulder clod are still a bit tough.
Finally, there's another muscle on the outside of the shoulder blade, just forward of the shoulder clod, called the supraspinatus, commonly known as the chuck tender, which is typically used for pot roast.
Beef Chuck Recipes
Whichever cut of beef chuck you are using, you will find it is a delicious (and underrated) part of the animal, as well as an economical one. Moreover, it is extremely versatile. Most cuts simply require a long, slow cooking time to soften up and release their flavor.
Balsamic-Marinated Grilled Chuck Roast
All-Day Crock Pot Beef and Beer Stew
Where to Buy Beef Chuck
Many of these subprimal cuts are not regularly stocked even in serious butcher shops, but rather ground up for hamburgers or cubed for stew meat. If you want to try some of these cuts at home, make friends with a butcher who fabricates subprimal cuts, and ask him or her to put a certain piece aside for you. You might even want to invest in an entire chuck roll or shoulder clod and keep the different cuts in separate airtight packages in the freezer, with each package clearly indicated so you know what it is and how to use it.
Storing Beef Chuck
Various cuts of beef chuck store quite well in the freezer for up to a year, wrapped tightly in plastic wrap and stored in airtight plastic bags to avoid freezer burn. In fact, some of the tougher cuts could even benefit from being frozen and defrosted, which can help soften the fiber of the muscle. If you purchase a large quantity of meat, portion them into steaks or roasts, and pack four to six portions to a bag to avoid having to defrost more than you need to use.
Nutrition and Benefits of Beef Chuck
Nutrition values of beef chuck vary a bit according to the fat content of each specific cut. However, an 85-gram serving of beef chuck will average 167 calories, with about 40 percent of them coming from fat and 56 percent from protein. Beef chuck is also a good source of iron. If buying in a grocery store, read the nutrition information on the package or consult your butcher.
What Is Flat Iron Steak?
US Department of Agriculture. How many calories are in one gram of fat, carbohydrate, or protein?.
US Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Beef, chuck, clod roast, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0" fat, select, cooked, roasted. Updated April 1, 2019.
10 Best Steaks to Grill for Perfectly Juicy Results
What Is the Beef Rib Primal Cut?
Beef Chuck Roll: Steaks and Roasts
What Is Blade Steak?
Beef Chuck Shoulder Clod: Steaks and Roasts
Learn Where the Cuts of Beef Come From
A Guide to Beef Roasts and the Best Ways to Cook Them
The 5 Types of Ribs
What Is a 7-Bone Roast?
What Is Filet Mignon?
What Is Beef Sirloin?
What Is a Flat Iron Steak?
What Is the Beef Chuck Primal Cut?
Why Are Some Cuts of Meat So Expensive?
Is Beef Chuck Tender Actually Tender?
Basic Beef, Pork, and Lamb Primal Cuts


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Say What You Want About Intelligent Design
I mean literally say whatever you want. There's a strange ethical tenet in the media that holds that when it comes to ID, Read More ›
Lauren Shepherd
UC Irvine students decry evolution-only science, sponsor intelligent design talk
This article, published by The College Fix, mentions Casey Luskin of Discovery Institute: The Center for Science and Culture-Discovery Institute scholar Casey Luskin told the 60 or so students and professors in the audience that the vast complexities of life back intelligent design theories, and likened believing in evolution to believing a computer or car formed itself over billions of years. The rest of Read More ›
Howard Kainz
Intelligent Design: Atheists to the Rescue
This article, published by First Things, mentions Discovery Institute Center for Science and Culture Senior Fellows: Books by scientists—Michael Denton, Michael Behe, William Dembski, Stephen Meyer and others—pointed out various deficiencies in the theory of evolution: millions of gaps in the asserted "tree of evolution," the impossibility of producing certain types of "irreducible complexity" by chance interactions, the failure of Read More ›
A Scientific Analysis of Karl Giberson and Francis Collins' The Language of Science and Faith
[Editor's Note: This review originally appeared as a 6-part series on EvolutionNews.org. The original posts can be found here: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5, Part 6.] Part I: Francis Collins' Junk DNA Arguments Pushed Into Increasingly Small Gaps in Scientific Knowledge Recently I wrote an article explaining that both atheistic and theistic evolutionists have relied Read More ›
Some Scientific Views Are More Equal Than Others in America
Opinion across a startlingly broad political range has been solidifying lately in favor of discrimination — not discrimination on racial or sexual grounds, but against some controversial ideas and those who hold them. The ideas have to do with evolution. Is this a welcome development? A spate of lawsuits and complaints poses the question of whether, in scientific fields, a Read More ›
Finding Design in Nature
Andrew Brown's comment on the debate I had with Michael Reis missed a critical point. My contention is that 'the purposeful arrangement of parts' to achieve a specific purpose is the criterion that enables us to recognise design. I argued that the conclusion of design in the bacterial flagellum and in many other biological systems is no different from discerning Read More ›
Intelligent Design Author Receives World Magazine's Man of the Year Honor
Seattle — World Magazine has named Stephen C. Meyer "Daniel of the Year," their version of man of the year, for his groundbreaking work in explaining the evidence for intelligent design in his authoritative new book, Signature in the Cell: DNA and the Evidence for Intelligent Design (HarperOne). Meyer's book has already made year-end lists with Amazon.com naming it one of Read More ›
Pro-Darwin consensus doesn't rule out intelligent design
(CNN) — While we officially celebrate the 150th anniversary of the publication of Charles Darwin's "On the Origin of Species" on November 24, celebrations of Darwin's legacy have actually been building in intensity for several years. Darwin is not just an important 19th century scientific thinker. Increasingly, he is a cultural icon. Darwin is the subject of adulation that teeters on Read More ›
Dawkins Refuses to Debate Intelligent Design Scholars
Leading Darwinist Richard Dawkins Dodges Debates, Refuses to Defend Evolution as The Greatest Show On Earth
Seattle – Richard Dawkins, the world's leading public spokesman for Darwinian evolution and an advocate of the "new atheism," has refused to debate Dr. Stephen C. Meyer, a prominent advocate of intelligent design and the author of the acclaimed Signature in the Cell: DNA and the Evidence for Intelligent Design. "Richard Dawkins claims that the appearance of design in biology Read More ›


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Plainclothes NYC police grab protester
Plainclothes NYC police grab protester and throw her into unmarked car – WSWS
By Niles Niemuth 30 July 2020
Shock and anger quickly spread online Tuesday as video posted on social media showed a group of armed men in street clothes snatching a young protester off the street and trundling her into an unmarked van during a peaceful demonstration against police violence in New York City.
While the men refused to identify themselves at the scene of the kidnapping, the New York Police Department (NYPD) later identified them as members of the police forces plainclothes Warrant Squad.
Outrage over Tuesdays incident was compounded by its similarity to the snatch and grab detentions carried out in recent weeks by federal paramilitary police in Portland, Oregon. In that city, a tactical wing of Customs and Border Protection known as BORTAC, sent in by President Trump to crack down on protests near the federal courthouse, has been seizing protesters, throwing them into unmarked vans and taking them to secret locations where they are subject to questioning for hours on end. The element of terror and intimidation is enhanced by the fact that the victims do not know who has picked them up or where they are being held.
All such actions violate the US Constitutions First Amendment guarantees of freedom of speech and assembly and its Fourth Amendment ban on arbitrary searches or seizures. They also run counter to the requirement that arrests be based on probable cause.
The NYPD played down the unconstitutional arrest, claiming the Warrant Squad routinely uses unmarked vehicles to effectively locate wanted suspects. But it is clear that the abduction of 18-year-old Nikki Stone was intended to send a signal to demonstrators, as well as the Trump administration, that the New York police are more than capable of cracking down on protests without direct federal intervention.
Trump has repeatedly threatened to deploy federal forces to Democratic-controlled cities throughout the country, including New York, to suppress demonstrations that have continued since the murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis police on May 25. There have been reports of federal police in Detroit and other cities.
Nikki Stone is a homeless youth who has been participating in protests throughout the city. The authorities have justified her chilling arrestwhich bystanders took to be a kidnappingwith allegations of vandalism, including spray painting the lenses of police cameras around City Hall Park. She was released from police custody early Wednesday and charged with several counts of graffiti painting and criminal mischief.
The citys Democratic mayor, Bill de Blasio, responded to the arrest by upholding the right of non-uniformed, unidentified NYPD officers to grab peaceful protesters off the street, while mildly criticizing the timing of the arrest.
This is not Portland, he said. I want to emphasize what you see on that video are NYPD officers, federal agencies are not involved! I think it was the wrong time and place to effectuate that arrest. I want to affirm very clearly, no one is allowed to damage police property. If you damage property it will lead to consequences.
As with Trumps attempted coup on June 1, the Democratic Party has downplayed the authoritarian and fascistic character of Trumps deployment of paramilitary federal forces, dismissing it is an electoral ploy to raise flagging poll numbers. At the same time they argue that they are capable of suppressing protests in the cities they control with heavily armed local police, bolstered when necessary by National Guard troops under the command of state governors.
Former Vice President Joe Biden, the presumptive Democratic presidential candidate, gave a speech Tuesday in which he endorsed the prosecution of anarchists and arsonists and insisted that he would be better equipped to suppress popular anger by coordinating with local police forces. The Democrats have made clear that they are willing to collaborate with the Trump administration in suppressing protests as long as they retain a measure of control.
This isnt about law and order, Biden said of Trumps crackdown, its about a political strategy to revive a failing campaign. Every instinct Trump has is to add fuel to the fire. Thats the last thing, the last thing we need. We need leadership to calm the water and lower the temperature. Thats how we will restore peace in the streets.
On Wednesday, Oregons Democratic governor, Kate Brown, announced via Twitter that an agreement had been reached in negotiations with the White House for the Oregon State Police to take over policing the area around the federal court house.
Federal police, including Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officers, are set to begin a phased withdrawal from the city, while other agents from the Department of Homeland Security will remain inside the courthouse. CBP forces deployed last week to Seattle, Washington will also leave that city, following lobbying by Democratic Mayor Jenny Durkan and Governor Jay Inslee, also a Democrat.
State and local law enforcement will begin securing properties and streets, especially those surrounding federal properties that have been under nightly attack for the past two months, Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Chad Wolf said in a statement announcing the agreement. Oregon State Police will coordinate with Federal Protective Service (FPS) officers to ensure all federal facilities remain protected and secure.
Wolf added, President Trump has also made it clear that this Administration is ready and willing to partner with state and local law enforcement to protect every Americanand you see that commitment in Portland with this plan. The Department and this Administration will also continue to fulfill its solemn obligation to uphold federal law across the country.
While the Trump administration appears to have backed off for now on the deployment of federal forces against protesters in Portland and Seattle, the Justice Department is moving forward with an expansion of Operation Legend, an anti-violence initiative involving the deployment of nearly 100 officers from the FBI, the Drug Enforcement Agency and other federal police agencies to Detroit, Cleveland and Milwaukee. Hundreds of agents have already been welcomed by Democratic mayors in Kansas City, Chicago and Albuquerque, with the assurance that the agents will aid in the arrest of those deemed chronic violent criminals by Attorney General William Barr.
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Invest in a stylish, comfortable laptop bag for your PC.
When you are traveling, your laptop can be your office lifeline, television, and communication device. So why trust it to some junky shoulder bag you got free at a trade show? Save your technology—and your back— with one of these cool, functional, and ergonomic choices.
Designed primarily for the mobile commuter, the very affordable Timbuk2 Quickie Laptop Messenger Bag ($45 direct, ) is a good bag for minimalists who need just enough space to fit a laptop and a few accessories. This bag measures a slender 9.8 by 13.7 by 1.1 inches (HWD) and weighs only 0.7 pounds. The exterior, black nylon with light-gray trim, has a simple, attractive design aesthetic with only two expandable front pockets hidden underneath a Velcro flap. The red interior is lightly cushioned but also has raised padded dots that serve as shock absorbers. The bag comes in four sizes: extra small, small, medium, and large.
For the maximum in carrying comfort, try the Tumi Alpha Bravo Benning Deluxe Messenger Bag ($245 direct, ). This bag, which comes in spruce green and jet black, is made from a knit nylon material that makes for a comfortable feel, not to mention the Benning's ballistic nylon strap: It's so soft that Tumi doesn't even bother with a shoulder pad.
For the high-tech, organized lady who does not want to compromise her sense of fashion, we recommend the Sherpani Viso SlimLine Laptop Bag ($109.95 list, ). The Viso comes in java, black, or seafoam and has comfortable nubuck leather handles and zipper tassels. Sherpani bags are made of recycled materials, so you can feel no guilt about upgrading to this better bag. It is also roomy, so you can fit a book, bottled drink, or a modestly sized bagged lunch. Thankfully, the zippers— which encompass three-fourths of the bag's perimeter—do not run, so your bag will only open as much as you want it to. Another plus: it is a light bag, so you can carry it all day comfortably.
As you would expect of a company that makes Swiss Army gear, the Victorinox Trevi Laptop Brief ($259 direct, ) is a multitasker that can fit all your accessories, business materials, and gadgets with no problem. The 16-by-12-by-6–inch bag can fit laptops up to 15.4 inches and weighs 4 pounds. The outside of the bag has a slot for quick access to documents. There's a zippered compartment with multiple slots for PDAs, cell phones, business cards, and more. In the middle is another zippered compartment that houses and protects your laptop with three pockets for accessories. At the back, you'll find another large zippered pocket and a sleeve for sliding this bag over the handle of your rolling suitcase. The Trevi Brief comes with both handles and a shoulder strap.
If you need something a little bigger, the Mobile Edge EVO Backpack ($79.99 direct, ) is, quite frankly, a beast of a bag. It comes with 16 exterior pockets to cover all your needs whether that's for personal items or travel accessories. Its exterior design is rather plain, aside from all the zippers and compartments. Inside, there's a snug laptop compartment that holds up to a 16-inch laptop. It also has a work-oriented compartment inside that contains slots to hold your memory cards, flash drives, wallet, IDs, pens and pencils, iPod/MP 3 player, and even a hole through the top of backpack to string your headsets through.


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Practice Management Experience & Management Style
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Would an exoplanet without axial tilt have no seasons?
Would an Earth analog exoplanet which rotates around a solar analog, but without axial tilt, have no seasons?
Would it be similar to how Los Angeles does not have very noticeable seasons compared to other parts of the Earth?
exoplanet rotation earth-like-planet weather
seijitsuseijitsu
$\begingroup$ Related question (but not duplicate). $\endgroup$ – HDE 226868♦ Oct 10 '14 at 23:25
There are several factors that cause seasons. In approximate order from least to most speculative:
Axial Tilt: This is by far the significant factor in determining what the season is on Earth. As you may know, axial tilt affects the seasons because the light is "spread out" when it falls on an angled surface. Note that tilt causes different seasons in different hemispheres. An untilted planet could still have seasons for any of these other reasons.
Eccentricity: The Earth's orbit is very close to circular, so eccentricity has next to no effect on causing its seasons (and in fact, IIRC, currently Earth's eccentricity's tiny effect is actually opposing its seasons). An exoplanet with a high eccentricity could easily have planet-wide seasons due to varying distance from its sun.
Star Systems: As a commenter mentioned, another factor might be how many stars a system has. If such a solar system is stable (which, surprisingly, it might be, although I can't find the article at the moment), you could get seasons depending on where the stars are in their mutual orbits. A binary star system, for example, would have periods of winter when the stars align with the planets (so one blocks the other) and periods of summer when the stars are side-by-side.
Star Variation: (From a comment): believe it or not, the sun actually has "seasons" (here) that are on the order of a decade or so. These don't have much effect on Earth's climate since on the sun they mainly cause magnetic disturbances, but on an exoplanet the star's magnetic disturbances could be relatively larger, which would lead to significant temperature/brightness variations that would translate into seasons.
Internal Energy: Planets could have varying/cyclic sources of energy within them, just like solar masses. In our own solar system, Jupiter's seasons are partly due to this. On a terrestrial planet, variations might come from, for example, volcanic activity. Negative feedback loops of this sort will exhibit oscillations. These sorts of changes might not count as "seasons" for you, though, as they occur over larger timescales.
Stored Energy: Earth's seasons are complicated by the oceans, which greatly affect the intensity of the seasons, especially in the Americas. In particular, there are various cycles that work like subseasons underlying the main ones. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation, for example, affects seasons years apart. I don't see why an exoplanet couldn't have similar cycles that, unlike in the case of Earth, are the main factor in determining seasons. This could be stored gravitational energy too; for example in a tidally-locked exoplanet/moon system.
If you mean a true Earth-like analogue (in the sense of being exactly-like-Earth-in-every-way-except-the-axial-tilt), then no--it would not have noticeable seasons, since none of the above factors really apply.
imallettimallett
$\begingroup$ By the way, what about variations in solar activity? $\endgroup$ – Anixx Oct 10 '14 at 11:26
$\begingroup$ "Any negative feedback loop will exhibit oscillations" - Not all negative feedback - only feedbacks where the rate of change (or higher derivative) of a variable is related inversely to the variable itself (e.g. spring acceleration is inversely proportional to distance stretched). $\endgroup$ – naught101 Oct 10 '14 at 11:49
$\begingroup$ Earths eccentricity only opposes northern hemisphere seasons. It amplifies those in the southern hemisphere by the same small amount. IIRC Mars has an orbit eccentric enough that it currently dominates over axial tilt in generating seasons. $\endgroup$ – Dan is Fiddling by Firelight Oct 10 '14 at 13:44
$\begingroup$ @naught101: Close; the dynamical system needs to be C0, have a nonvanishing second derivative on a nondense subset of its input, and be either undamped or else underdamped and forced by a different process. I made this simplification because it is immensely improbable that negative feedback cycles we'd could observe wouldn't be. $\endgroup$ – imallett Oct 10 '14 at 18:43
Exactly. Seasons and its difference between northern and southern hemisphere are caused due to the tilt of the Earth's axis. But this is not the only thing involved. An other important fact is the orbit's eccentricity: a very eccentric orbit would cause a whole planet "summer" when around the perihelion and a whole planet "winter" near the aphelion.
There would be also extreme permanent hot zones near the equator and extreme permanent cold zones at poles.
Joan.bdmJoan.bdm
$\begingroup$ damn you beat me by a minute $\endgroup$ – usethedeathstar Oct 10 '14 at 6:32
$\begingroup$ A third factor would be when the planet is part of a multiple star system. $\endgroup$ – Dieudonné Oct 10 '14 at 7:37
$\begingroup$ Then there's the Mercury situation: tidal lock leading to permanent seasons on a longitudinal basis! $\endgroup$ – Carl Witthoft Oct 10 '14 at 15:06
If it would not have any axial tilt, and it rotates in an orbit thats not really eccentric, it would have no seasons. If it has (really) high eccentricity, it would have seasons, but they would be hot all over the planet a part of the year, and than cold all over the planet the other part of the year. On earth, due to the axial tilt, we have winter in the northern hemisphere, at the moment that there is summer in the southern hemisphere.
usethedeathstarusethedeathstar
I considered this as an explanation for George R. R. Martin's books, where several years could go by during each season. If the planet had no axial tilt and very little eccentricity in its orbit, there would be no annual seasons. But if solar energy output would vary sufficiently, you could have seasons, with inconsistent cycle times that measured in decades.
So I thought, "Ha, it is possible."
Then some character in the book noticed "the days were getting shorter" and I had to throw it out. In such a world, day length would always be the same, and it would always match night length.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged exoplanet rotation earth-like-planet weather or ask your own question.
Is Earth's orbital eccentricity enough to cause even minor seasons, without axial tilt?
What is the accepted theory as to why Uranus' axis is tilted so severely?
Why does the Earth have a tilt of ~23°?
What is the axial tilt of a planet measured relative to?
Is axial tilt critical for life?
Are there any known planets whose axis is oriented such that one pole always faces its star?
Could a moon orbit an Earth size planet in such a way as to create a solar eclipse lasting for several weeks from start to finish?
How would one figure out the rate of axial precession of a planet?


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package com.example.hahaha.musicplayer.feature.main.allsong;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import com.example.hahaha.musicplayer.feature.base.BasePresenter;
import com.example.hahaha.musicplayer.feature.play.PlayActivity;
import com.example.hahaha.musicplayer.model.entity.internal.Song;
import com.example.hahaha.musicplayer.service.proxy.MusicManagerProxy;
import com.example.hahaha.musicplayer.tools.ScanTools;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.litepal.crud.DataSupport;
import rx.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers;
import rx.schedulers.Schedulers;

public class AllSongPresenter extends BasePresenter<AllSongFragment> {
  private static final int REQUEST_SCAN = 1000;
  private MusicManagerProxy mMusicManager;

  @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedState) {
    super.onCreate(savedState);
    mMusicManager = MusicManagerProxy.getInstance();
    restartableFirst(REQUEST_SCAN,
        () -> {return ScanTools.scanAllMusic()
                               .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                               .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread());},
        (allSongFragment, songs) -> allSongFragment.setSongList(songs),
        (allSongFragment, throwable) -> allSongFragment.showEmptyView());
  }

  @Override protected void onFirstTakeView(AllSongFragment allSongFragment) {
    allSongFragment.showLoadView();
    start(REQUEST_SCAN);
  }

  void onSongClick(Song song, Context context) {
    List<Song> songList = null;
    if (!song.save()) {
      Log.d("xyz", "save song fail "+song.toString());
      songList = DataSupport.where("filePath = ?", song.getFilePath()).find(Song.class);
      if (songList.isEmpty()) {
        throw new NullPointerException(
            "can not insert song, but can not find filepath = "+song.getFilePath());
      }
      song = songList.get(0);
    } else {
      songList = new ArrayList<>();
      songList.add(song);
    }

    mMusicManager.setCurrentSong(song.getId(), songList, true);
    PlayActivity.start(context);
  }
}


text:
Mythological figures
Seb-Cheneb
A depiction of Seb-Cheneb and her sister Seb-Natan on a pixmit card
Seb-Cheneb, also known as the Destroyer, was a character in the story of Ganmadan, or the "Day of Annihilation". Described as a khalagu ("demon"), she was the twin sister of Seb-Natan. Seb-Cheneb was said by Romulans to be the "end of all".
After the death of her sister, Seb-Cheneb blew the horn of the hellbeast Ganmadan, summoning the ch'khalagu ("very bad demons") who would bring about the Thousand Days of Pain, in which worlds were burn and lives were lost. (PIC: "The End is the Beginning", "Absolute Candor", "Et in Arcadia Ego, Part 2")
In 2399, the Romulan xB Ramdha accused Soji Asha of being Seb-Cheneb, after seeing the sisters depicted on the final pixmit card in her hand. Ramdha subsequently became hysterical and pulled a disruptor on Asha before attempting suicide.
The Zhat Vash also referred to Asha as Seb-Cheneb. (PIC: "The End is the Beginning", "Absolute Candor")
Retrieved from "https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Seb-Cheneb?oldid=2537896"


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York Humber High School in Toronto receives a cheque for $10,000 from Samsung Hope for Children and Future Shop's Future Generation Tech Lab programs
TORONTO, March 7, 2013 /CNW/ - Today, York Humber High School in Toronto received a cheque for $10,000 from Samsung Hope for Children and Future Shop's Future Generation Tech Lab programs. Representatives from both organizations were on hand to make the donation to a class full of excited students. Thanks to Future Shop and Samsung, York Humber is one of two schools in Canada receiving the Samsung Hope for Children Smart School grant this year to upgrade classroom technology. Read the release here.
Image with caption: "Today, York Humber High School in Toronto received a cheque for $10,000 from Samsung Hope for Children and Future Shop's Future Generation Tech Lab programs. Representatives from both organizations were on hand to make the donation to a class full of excited students. Thanks to Future Shop and Samsung, York Humber is one of two schools in Canada receiving the Samsung Hope for Children Smart School grant this year to upgrade classroom technology. (CNW Group/Future Shop)". Image available at: http://photos.newswire.ca/images/download/20130307_C3214_PHOTO_EN_24396.jpg
SOURCE: Future Shop


text:
Home Reviews Hybrid cars will save you money, even if gas is cheaper
tinfob_com
Hybrid vehicles in which one or more electric motors enhance the gasoline engine to improve fuel economy and / or performance, are portal vehicles for all-electric vehicles, and most recently plug-in vehicles that are initially operational can only be charged by battery power.
According to HybridCars.com, hybrid vehicles sold more than 360,000 hybrid vehicles in 2017, up slightly from the high level of nearly 500,000 vehicles delivered in 2013. At that time the cost of gasoline was a, according to AAA data, the national average of 3.62 US dollars per gallon, while the current 2.49 US dollars.
While the financial dynamics of buying and owning hybrid or cross-over SUVs have changed dramatically and gasoline has become relatively affordable and relatively affordable, some gas / electric vehicles will still pay back the money over time Boss's wallet.
Statisticians at Vincentric, a market research firm based in Bingham Farm, Michigan, have determined that the cost of petrol / electric hybrid vehicles will be lower than petrol-only petrol hybrid vehicles in five years, including fuel and other costs such as depreciation And financing / insurance costs and other factors. However, hybrids typically pay $ 3,000 or more to cover the additional costs of motor / generator, battery pack and other technology upgrades. The only hybrid on the market that matches its traditional dynamic alternatives is the Lincoln MKZ, both models starting at $ 37,195 in 2018.
David Wurster, president of Vincentric, said: "Our research shows a significant increase in the share of hybrids that save up to five years of buyer money compared to full gas." Understanding the value of a hybrid car takes into account all the costs, not just Just save fuel. Only in this way can the buyer decide whether to pay a mixed price premium. "
In the ensuing slide, we will showcase the first 10 fuel-efficient hybrids and crossovers identified by Vincentric.
The leader in this regard is the Lexus CT 200h compact hatchback, which is expected to save owners $ 7,750 in operating costs over five years when compared to its closest company Lexus IS 200t sedan. Although this includes an actual fuel cost savings of $ 4,739, it should be noted that the CT start-up price is $ 6,575 lower than the basic information system.
Okay, how about apple versus apple? Let's take a look at the Ford Fusion Hybrid, which costs $ 1,273 more for its titanium alloy assembly than comparable natural gas alloys, but sells for $ 6,082 over five years, of which $ 3,436 comes from pump savings.
However, keep in mind that the return on cost of ownership, if any, will typically vary based on the vehicle's cost and other factors, depending on the level of interiors of the hybrid vehicle. For example, the platinum version of the Ford Fusion described above saved $ 5,632 in operating costs over five years, compared to a savings of $ 2,812 for the SE model and $ 2,003 for the base model. Vincentic's data shows that Honda Accord hybrids save money on the Touring trim level only – other models will lose as much as $ 909 in five years.
The biggest loser this year for HEVs and hybrids is the Infiniti Q50 hybrid sedan, which, despite saving $ 1,209 in fuel costs, costs as much as $ 8,777.
Not included in the Vincentric survey, which includes both plug-in hybrids as well as the most expensive luxury and sport models that use electric motors as a high-tech turbocharger in order to improve the performance of a particular model rather than fuel economy Pressure
For example, the Acura NSX Hybrid sports a total of 573 horsepower using a gas / electric powertrain to land on the road and, at the same time as the EPA rating (at least for such supercars with thrust, is 21/22 miles) / Highway, up to $ 156,000 at the start, which often leads to savings in fuel costs, even over a very long period of ownership – meaningless.
Fine Printing: Based on the total cost of ownership model for the five-year 2017 model, Vincentric's research assumes 15,000 miles of travel, including depreciation, financing, insurance, maintenance, repairs, fees and taxes, and fuel consumption. Gas prices averaged over a five-month period to offset the sudden price rise of gas per gallon.
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This proposes to include uncle difficulty in total difficulty calcuation after FORK_BLOCK. New client will use a different Ethereum Wire Protocol version number to broadcast the total difficulty calculated using the new formula. As a result, old clients will continue to function if soft-forked clients are the majority.
Ethereum is advertised to use GHOST protocol for best chain selection. The calculation is done using "total difficulty". The client will always select the chain with larger total difficulty. However, while uncles are included in blocks and miners are rewarded to include them, they do not participate in the calculation of total difficulty thus do not participate in the best chain selection. This deflicts the goal of GHOST protocol, which should always select the chain in which, including stale blocks, is the heaviest.
Analysis by Gervais et al. has shown that, due to the above fact, Ethereum currently resembles a similar Proof of Work algorithm as Bitcoin. Besides, due to its fast block time (around 10 seconds) and growing block size, it is having a much larger orphan rate compared with other Proof of Work cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Litcoin and Dogecoin.
Soft-forked clients support a new Ethereum Wire Protocol version number 70. Before FORK_BLOCK, version 70 works the same as the current version 63. On or after FORK_BLOCK, change the total difficulty calculation from B_t = B'_t + B_d to B_t = B'_t + sum(B_U_d) + B_d. That is, to also sum up difficulty of uncles included in the current block and add it to the total difficulty.
Clients are recommended to continue to support older version number 62 and 63. 62 and 63 should continue to use the old total difficulty calculation formula (B_t = B'_t + B_d) on or after FORK_BLOCK.
Soft-forked clients should use version 70's total difficulty (with or without uniform tie breaking) for best chain selection.
Sompolinsky, Yonatan, and Aviv Zohar. "Accelerating bitcoin's transaction processing." Fast Money Grows on Trees, Not Chains (2013).
Gervais, Arthur, et al. "On the security and performance of proof of work blockchains." Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM, 2016.