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Calendar of State Papers, Spain
Calendar of State Papers, Spain, Volume 6 Part 1, 1538-1542
Spain: Appendix
Calendar of State Papers, Spain, Volume 6 Part 1, 1538-1542. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1890.
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— March.
252. Francis I. Declaration respecting the Truce of Nizza.
S. E. Roma, L. 875,
f. 44–6.
After perusing the articles brought from Spain by Mons. de Brissac, (fn. n1) as well as the letters of Our ambassador, the bishop of Tarbes (Castelnau), both of which bear testimony to the desire which Our good brother, the Emperor, entertains of living in perpetual harmony and friendship with Us, We cannot but declare that We have been exceedingly pleased at such a manifestation of his goodwill towards Us. That the Emperor may, therefore, know how much We Ourselves desire to keep up that friendship and render it indissoluble and everlasting, We now promise under oath to keep the following engagements:—
1st. We faithfully promise to him (the Emperor) on Our word of honor to be constantly, and as long as We live, a good and loyal brother to him, to aid and defend him and his honor, as We ourselves would aid and defend Ours; to help him against all his enemies, whoever they may be, and otherwise procure his greatness, exaltation and honor, as We would procure Our own; to take under Our protection, and during his absence, his wife, the Empress; and to assist with all Our force and power his Spanish subjects, as well as those of Flanders, Burgundy, Low Countries, Naples and Sicily, whenever they may require or want Our help, and as many times as they may claim it. In a like manner We should wish the Emperor to act towards Us.
We also promise and swear to keep inviolably, and observe faithfully, the 10 years' truce made at Nizza, and after the expiration of that time to keep at peace with him during Our natural life, preferring his friendship and alliance to that of any other Christian king.
With regard to the marriage of Our nephew, the prince of Spain, (fn. n2) with Our much beloved daughter Margaret, (fn. n3) and the promise made by the Emperor in the presence of Messieurs de Tarbes and de Brissac not to contract any marriage alliance during the 14 years of the Prince's minority, We have taken the same engagement for Our daughter in the presence of the Imperial ambassador.
Respecting that of Our beloved son, the duke of Orleans, to Our very dear niece, the infanta of Spain, (fn. n4) the Emperor's eldest daughter, or to the second daughter (fn. n5) of the king of the Romans, We approve entirely of the excuses offered by the former to Messrs. de Tarbes and de Brissac, and his late answer on the subject. We, therefore, promise and swear in Our son's name to consider it from this time as an engagement not to many until the said Princesses be of marriageable age.
We further approve of the articles which the Emperor has written and signed respecting this very matter, wherein he declares that he will dispose of the duchy and state of Milan in contemplation of the said marriage in such a manner that We shall have cause to be contented. We have perfect confidence in Our good brother, that past differences between Us being thus settled, everlasting peace will be secured, and that means will also be found to arrange matters between Us and the duke of Savoy.
For the sake of greater security We have signed this present declaration and had the seal with Our Royal arms appended to it.
Spanish translation from the French. Contemporary copy. pp. 11.
—Sept.—Oct.
253. Pope Paul's Instructions to Card. Rosario, (fn. n6) going as Nuncio to Austria.
After Our most cordial salutations you will declare to the king of the Romans (Ferdinand) what pleasure and joy We have experienced at hearing of the peace he (Ferdinand) has just concluded with king John. Already at the beginning of Our pontificate We had endeavoured to put a stop to the effusion of blood, sending you (Rosario) both to him (the king of the Romans) and to the then waywod of Transylvania for the express purpose of making them mutually lay down their arms, and attend to the defence of Christendom menaced by the Turk. All your efforts were then vain; now We send you again to those countries to congratulate king Ferdinand on the peace, which has at last been effected at Our instigation, for bishop Martinuzzi having come to Us on behalf of king John, soliciting Our mediation, We could not do less than take up the latter's cause, and try to persuade the king of the Romans to come to some sort of agreement with him.
You will, therefore, request the king of the Romans to ratify the peace with king John for the reasons We have already stated, and need not repeat here. You will then declare those you yourself have for your journey to Hungary and Poland, namely, to the latter country to convey and give to the new king, Sigismond Augustus, (fn. n7) the sword and the cap blessed on the night of Christ's birth, and to Hungary that you may put into the hands of the new bishops the Apostolic letters confirming them in their respective bishoprics, (fn. n8) and at the same time exact from them the customary dues and fees, which are to be exclusively spent in the fortification of towns against the Turk.
Our chamberlain will also tell the king of the Romans that when We asked the Transylvanian bishop (Martinuzzi) (fn. n9) what number of men his master, and likewise the king of Poland, could furnish as a contingent towards the general expedition against the Turk, that bishop answered Us that he had no mandate from his master to that effect. That is why We wish to know now what number of men king John and the king of Poland will raise in case of a Turkish invasion, and We send thither both the bishop of Modena (Morone) and you (Rosario), Our chamberlain, for that particular purpose.
You will signify to the king of the Romans Our deep regret for the death of cardinal Trent, (fn. n10) in whom both he and the Emperor have lost a valuable and virtuous ecclesiastic, and the Roman Church one of its most zealous defenders.
Lastly, you will inquire from the King whether there be anything that you can do for him there, in Hungary.—Rome,———1540.
Latin. Contemporary copy. pp. 2.
30 April.
254. The Sentence against the People of Ghent.
S.E., L. 654,
f. 25.
Let it be known to all how, after mature deliberation in Our Council, composed entirely of knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece, ministers, masters of Requests, and other worthy personages, We say and declare, as Our definitive sentence, that the inhabitants of Ghent have no right whatsoever to the claim they advance, and that notwithstanding the three privileges which they allege—one of count Guy in 1296, another in 1234 of Louis de Nevers, and a third of Madame Marie in 1476, they will have to pay all dues to Our crown, besides all the expenses incurred by Us during their last rebellion, as well as be compelled to refund with interest all the money they may have borrowed from merchants of the town and others, &c.
Spanish translation of the Emperor's Sentence in Flemish.
255. Pope Paul's Instructions to the Cardinal of Brindisi. (fn. n11)
Arrived at the court of Ferdinand, king of the Romans, the Cardinal will offer him Our greeting and congratulations on the peace concluded between him and king John [of Hungary]. He will likewise congratulate him on the marriage of his daughter Isabella (fn. n12) with the son (fn. n13) of the king of Poland [Sigismond].
After that he will tell him that by letters of Giovane [Morone], the bishop of Modena, and Our Nuncio near His Majesty, We knew already that he was of opinion that some sort of agreement should be entered into between Catholics and Lutherans, and that We should send Our commissaries to that effect; and We, who upon every occasion have always had due regard to the King's piety, zeal for the Catholic religion and other good qualities, have determined to follow his advice, and send you and your colleague to Germany for the said purpose. You will make Our excuses for the involuntary delay by such suggestions as may come to your mind, which will not be a difficult matter to manage, it being well understood that such affairs cannot be disposed of in a short time.
You will tell him that had no other cause influenced Us in the step We are now taking of sending you thither than his own sincerity and zeal for religion, that would have been quite enough to urge Us on to accede to his wishes. But that in the present case, besides the King's authority and reputation, there is another object to be attended to, which is the reintegration of the Church. He who built the edifice of that Church intended it to be one and indivisible (unicam, integram), and, therefore, it is worthy of consideration that the union of temporal and ecclesiastical rights in Germany cannot co-exist without conformity of religion, or if it does exist, cannot last but a very short space of time, and yet as far as Germany is concerned—especially now-a-days that by its advanced position it is called upon to defend Christendom from the Turk—there can be no doubt that the aforesaid union may be profitable.
It is, therefore, incumbent upon Us to send you thither; it is principally for the reintegration of the Church that you are sent, and yet it is both advisable and convenient that wherever you may happen to stop on your journey, you may say, if asked, that the object of your mission is quite different, lest the Lutherans should, as they have done at other times, construe that acquiescence and unity of Ours into a sign of weakness and fear. This is merely said for your own instruction, rather than to be repeated to king Ferdinand, to whom We have frequently written on the subject.
You shall have two sets of instructions concerning the said reintegration of the Church, of which one is fuller than the other. You may show the one and the other to king Ferdinand; to other people you will only show that which is the less explicit (debilius). Our object in thus doing is this, that if no treaty be made there be less injury done to Our Apostolic dignity.
You will explain these things to king Ferdinand, and if by chance he should tell you that in his opinion a larger number of commissioners is required, you will answer him that considering the small importance of the affair (attenta debilitate principii) two people are enough for all purposes, but that should there be a chance or probability of the matter coming to a conclusion, then, in that case, We shall be glad to increase that number.—[Rome,———1540.]
Latin. Copy made by Berzosa. pp. 2.
256. Instructions to the Cardinal of Brindisi.
S. E. Roma, L. 787.
Whereas by letters of the venerable father John, bishop of Modena, (fn. n14) Our Nuncio at the court of Ferdinand, the king of the Romans, We are informed that he has some hope of being able to reduce to the pale of the Church those inhabitants of Bohemia who once separated from it, and although that reduction has frequently been attempted, though in vain, We have thought that when you visit Hungary on certain business intrusted to your care, you may go also to the neighbouring country of Bohemia, and see what can be effected there for the good of the universal Christian church.
You will signify to king Ferdinand, without whose authority nothing is to be done in the matter—that in the present state of political affairs in that country (Germany) it would be much better for him not to have anything to do with it. You are, therefore, before all things, to investigate what may be the King's ideas on the subject. Should he agree, you may at once proceed on your journey; but if for some reason or other he (the King) were of a contrary opinion, you will abstain from it and not go on, taking care, however, that no one knows that you had a mission from Us and that the object of that mission had not been accomplished.—Rome,———1540.
— Mai.
257. Instructions to the Same.
S. E. Roma, L.
On your arrival at the court of Our son in Christ, Ferdinand, king of the Romans, you will try to ascertain whether king John will see you with pleasure; because if he should not, as some do assert, you are not to go to Hungary, but shall remain in Austria, without, however, telling anyone that you had such a mandate and commission from Us. If, however, you should hear from king Ferdinand or from a person of authority at his court that your visit will be agreeable, you will then go to him, salute him in Our name and congratulate him on the conclusion of the peace between king Ferdinand and himself. Then you will try, with your usual dexterity and experience of affairs, to ascertain how much each of those princes believes himself to be indebted to Us for having advised and promoted the said peace between them; and above all you will endeavour to arrange matters in such a way that your journey thither, if undertaken, may not appear as virtually dependent on king John's will, or that We Ourselves had any doubt in the matter, but you will try to make people believe that you are sent thither merely to congratulate him on the peace lately made, as it has always been the custom of Our predecessors to do whenever peace is concluded between two Christian princes with the intervention of the Holy Apostolic See.
And whereas king John's ministers have written to Us that their master wishes Us to confirm certain nominations of bishops made by him, you will tell him, should he speak to you on the subject, that you have from Us a mandate and commission to that effect, and that when you have reported to Us on the qualities and merits of each of the ecclesiastics appointed, We shall not fail to confirm them And let not king John suspect that We consent to that in order to secure the dues and rights of the Papal Chamber and College, since, considering the poverty and distress to which his subjects have been reduced by the past wars, We fully intend making a motion in Consistory proposing the suppression this time of all fees and perquisites due on the occasion.
And whereas another petition of king John was laid before Us to this effect—that We be pleased to pardon and absolve from censures those ecclesiastics who during the past troubles and civil discords, which have afflicted Hungary, had taken up arms and committed homicides, We are determined to please him also in that respect.
Other petitions of king John have likewise been presented. We say nothing about them now, because the King's agents here at Rome have already received an answer on each of them. That you may, however, know what to reply to the King's questions, if interrogated concerning them, We enclose you a memorandum of what has been resolved about them. (fn. n15) — Rome, May 1540.
Latin. Copy. pp. 1½.
— May.
258. Instructions to the Bishop of Modena.
S. E., L. 877.
Whereas John Faber, the bishop of Vienna, at the preparatory meeting, held before the diet of Spires, said and declared that it would perhaps last longer than people anticipated, should the said diet be prorogued, as there is every appearance that it will be, and should religious matters be discussed therein, there can be no doubt that Our Most Holy Father, the pastor of the Christian flock, will, for the sake of saving his sheep, send thither one or more legates, and do everything else that may be deemed necessary for that purpose.
So it was that after receiving the letters from cardinal Farnese, and from the legates residing at the court of His Imperial Majesty and of his brother the king of the Romans, dated Gandavi (Ghent) 12,14, 16, and 27 of April, and having likewise read the Emperor's instructions to his ambassador, the marquis de Aguilar, His Holiness, after consulting his College of cardinals at the first Consistory, decreed as follows:—That owing to the pressure of time, which did not allow of sending to Germany a member of the Cardinals' College, the legate once sent to the Emperor's court, and who was still residing in Flanders, should again be sent to His Imperial Majesty, and to his brother the king of the Romans.
There was in the same consistory a motion in favour of another cardinal being appointed to accompany cardinal Neocastro, and although His Holiness at first did not object to that, but was rather in favour of the appointment, yet considering the shortness of the term fixed, the dangers and fatigues of a long land journey, and above all the age and infirmities of the one who might have been chosen for the purpose, he decided not to appoint any one. There was still another reason for that, namely, that legate Farnese had written on the 22nd of April that the Emperor would shortly signify, through Poggio, the Nuncio in Spain, what faculties and authority His Holiness' legate was to take to the Diet. His Holiness, therefore, refrained from naming then any cardinal to accompany Neocastro on his mission, though it was then settled that should the news from Germany and Flanders be different from what they were at the time, the appointment and nomination should be made. Meanwhile the bishop of Modena (Morone) was appointed, &c.—Rome, 15 May 1540.
Latin. Copy by Berzosa.
9 June.
259. The Emperor's Instructions to Mr. de St. Vincent, his Ambassador in France.
S. E., Francia,
L. 878.
King Francis having sent to his ambassadors, the bishops of La Vaur (Selve) and Hellin, a memorandum and instructions respecting the truce and the investiture of Milan, of which affair the King himself spoke to you and to Mr. de Peloux, gentleman of Our chamber, in a very different manner from what We anticipated, We have deemed it necessary to have the following memorandum prepared for your guidance.
After placing in the King's hands the holograph letters, as well as the credentials of which you are the bearer, you will tell him how pleased We have been at hearing by the instructions to his ambassadors, as well as by his conversation with you, that he is aware of Our perfect readiness to fulfil the engagement taken with the bishop of Tarbes and Monsieur de Brisach (Brissac), on the very same terms proposed and stipulated in the instructions which you and Mr. de Peloux took to France. Indeed, We flattered Ourselves that in doing so We not only fulfilled a duty and prepared the way for the settlement of Our mutual differences, and the establishment of a lasting peace, but did also a great service to Christendom—threatened by the Turk. But since it is not so, and king Francis refuses to accept either of the means proposed in Our last memorandum, adding that it is better for the present to leave matters as they are, We charge you to express to him Our sincere regret that neither of the two means proposed for the cession of Milan to him has met with his approbation.—Brussels, 9 June 1540.
Signed: "Charles."
Countersigned: "Bave."
French. Original draft. p. 1.
260. The Chancellor of Milan to the Emperor.
f. 1.
To-day the ambassador of the Most Christian king residing at the court of His Holiness (Paul III), accompanied by a gentleman sent expressly by the king of France to treat of the Fragoso and Rincon affair—asserting on the part and in the name of the said king that the above-named Cesare Fragoso and [Antonio] Rincon had been (salteados) and made prisoners on the Tissino, at its confluence with the river Po, in the duchy of Milan, and carried away by some of the Emperor's soldiers, by order and command of certain Imperial ministers in Italy—called in Consistory, demanding that the said Cesare Fragoso and Rincon be delivered from the prison in which they are or may be, and placed in the hands of the Holy Father, as well as all those whom the French ambassador accuses of having been implicated in their capture, according to the information and reports obtained by the king of France, which the ambassadors then and there exhibited before His Holiness.
The French ambassador further asked His Holiness for his judgment and decision on the case; that the prisoners be at once placed in his hands for the sake of evidence, and that all those whom His Holiness may wish to examine as witnesses be also brought to his presence; for, as the ambassador alleges, His Holiness, owing to his Papal dignity, has full right to interfere in such cases, especially in those relating to the observance of treaties of peace between Christian princes, the more so that the truce existing between the Emperor and the king of France was effected at his prayer and intercession.
The answer of the Imperial commissioners present at this demonstration of the French ambassador was as follows:— That His Holiness must be fully aware of the measures and steps taken by the Emperor, as well as of the legal enquiries made in the case of Fragoso and Rincon, which were well known and patent at the time, and could be proved by his own letters to his ambassadors at the court of France, by the account of what the King himself said to the Imperial ambassador when first he heard of the case—which letter was shewn to the Most Christian King and to his ministers —as well as by the judicial enquiries which Your Majesty's ministers had instituted in the State of Milan, enquiries in which a gentleman sent to the Marquis del Gasto by the wife of the said Fragoso to complain of the case, also took part. Besides which, at the request of Mons. de Velly, ambassador of king Francis, and of a cousin of his, sent to the Emperor for the purpose, the latter sent them all the papers and documents relating to the case, which papers and documents the French ambassador's cousin, with the intervention of the very gentleman sent by Fragoso's wife, did carefully examine, having also enquired minutely into the case, interrogated witnesses and so forth, as has already been declared and demonstrated, His Imperial Majesty having besides offered to place in His Holiness' hands any other testimony or proof that might be required. In addition to which, the Emperor, for the sake of peace and of his own justification, and that His Holiness might be persuaded of his real sentiments on that score, as well as of his respectful consideration for his person, and his wish that Christendom at large may understand that his wish in this, as in other things, is to keep and observe the treaties of whatever kind they may be—chiefly those closely connected with or affecting Christendom, and especially those concerning Papal authority and his own person—besides what he himself has testified to His Holiness, as well as to the said ambassador and gentleman, has over and over again declared that he never knew that the aforesaid Cesare Fragoso and Antonio Rincon had ever been or were actually in any part of his dominions, much less prisoners in his power. If they really were, he at once would declare them free and amicably surrender them to the king of France. That he is very glad to hear that His Holiness is about to take up the case of Fragoso and Rincon, and consents to his becoming the judge thereof, and deciding who it is who has wilfully broken the truce—himself or the king of France; and that for such a judgment and declaration His Holiness be invested with full power to enquire minutely into all the alleged cases of contravention by the Emperor of the truce made at Nizza, and ratified at Aigues Mortes in 1538. That the inquiry be made in all the dominions and territorial possessions belonging to the Emperor, and that His Holiness' commissaries may for that purpose have access to all fortresses and castles where they may suspect that the said Cesare Fragoso and Antonio Rincon are kept in prison, as well as for the examination of witnesses, and ultimately proceed to the punishment of those who may be found guilty. The same to be done in all other cases of contravention which may be brought against him. All the above, provided the king of France shows readiness to make a similar submission on his side, and that the same rule be observed in all cases of contravention, whether they concern the Emperor or the king of France.
The above act of submission in the form and manner above detailed has been signed on the part of His Imperial Majesty by ———, and on the part of the king of France by ———, both promising in the name of their respective masters to have the said convention ratified or inviolably observed.
Spanish. Contemporary copy. pp. 5.
Aout—Sept.
261. The Same to the Same on the Answer to Mr. de Hannebault's (fn. n16) Overtures.
What language is to be held to the French gentleman sent by Mr. Hannebault, supposing that he will only speak in general terms, and merely say that king Francis is inclined to keep the truce?
Ought His Imperial Majesty's ministers to accept simply such a declaration, and make a similar one on the Emperor's part, without, however, mentioning or alluding to past differences and to king Francis' most intimate relations with the Turk? Or is the person deputed to bring the said message and overtures to be informed of certain rumours afloat respecting the King's intention to break the truce?
Is king Francis to be reminded through the said gentleman of certain words uttered by Mr. de Langes (Langeais), and by the generality of his own ministers, implying that the truce must be considered as broken, and war as certain, at the same time assuring the gentleman in question that the Emperor could never imagine that such words had been uttered by king Francis, since he himself has lately written to Mr. de St. Vincent that he is, on the contrary, ready to observe the truce most faithfully?
It is very important to decide whether on this present occasion, and others that might supervene, it will be expedient to speak to the envoy about the increase of French forces in Piedmont, at the same time touching incidentally on the German levies which the Emperor intends to make, explaining the cause thereof, and maintaining that both the Germans and Italians are raised for no other purpose than the defence of Christendom and the invasion of Turkish territory, and, therefore, that Piedmont does not require in the least to have its garrisons increased. This last question is of much importance, and some resolution or other ought to be taken before His Imperial Majesty embarks for his expedition against Algiers.
It will also be necessary to know what else is to be done respecting the legal proceedings instituted in the case of Cesare Fragoso and Rincon, so as to clear it up altogether to the satisfaction of the French. This ought to be done at once, whilst the Emperor is in these parts, since the French have had recourse to His Imperial Majesty, and suspect the marquis del Gasto, governor of Milan, to have had a hand in it. It is the more needed that unless the French are positively convinced that His Majesty's ministers are not mixed up with the affair in question, they may, whenever it suits them, do the same, or take it as a specious pretence for breaking the truce, or else keeping it no longer than it suits them. That they (the French) will detain Mr. de Valence in prison, in whose release His Imperial Majesty is particularly interested, and which he will promote by every means out of respect for the Bishop's person, as well as for his own reputation, and likewise on account of the co-adjutorship of Liege, which church, for want of a prelate, might be exposed to serious inconveniences. For if the said archbishop of Valencia be still kept a prisoner, His Majesty will have still greater reason to complain to the Holy Father of that prelate's detention, as well as of the non-observance of the truce, and beg him to make the French understand that sufficient justification respecting the case of Fragoso and Rincon having already been offered, the archbishop ought at once to be released, and the money and jewels taken from him restored.
It will therefore be requisite that His Majesty, either motu propio, by letters patent, or through councillor Boissot, the Imperial commissioner appointed on our side, with the consent and approval of the French ambassador, do order a legal inquiry to be instituted, and that the French themselves may examine the witnesses, even the twelve individuals whose testimony, according to Mr. de Langes, might be adduced, and generally make any other they like, or pretend to make, relating to the case.
Besides the above-mentioned steps, in order to ensure the observance of the truce, it seems important to take measures for the security of this State of Milan, and generally speaking of the whole of Italy, so as to keep the latter at the devotion of His Imperial Majesty. Already the inhabitants of this State are much pleased at the mere announcement that His Imperial Majesty is about to visit them, and are disposed, as well as prepared, to show their affection in every possible way. That is why, were the Emperor pleased, as the occasion and opportunity offered, to show to the Milanese, generally and individually, the reciprocal affection he feels for them, that would be a most desirable step under the circumstances. Besides which, as everything will depend upon the conduct of the French, and the wish they may have of observing the truce, and also upon what may be treated with the Holy Father with respect to Milan, it seems as if, at the present juncture, it would be advisable that the security of the Duchy should be provided for, as in that manner the Milanese (les manants et habitants du duche) will show still greater affection for the Emperor, and assist him with their persons and property.
To this end it will be advisable to inquire in what state of defence the fortresses and castles of the Duchy are at present, and also those that the duke of Savoy (Carlo) still retains. Likewise if it should be necessary now or in future to raise levies of men, horse and foot; where those levies are to be made; of what nation, and how they are to be paid, and above all in what manner the inhabitants of the Duchy can help towards its defence. As to the duke of Savoy (Carlo) it has to be considered how we are to deal with him and his subjects; how we can help him in case of need, and secure him against the ill-will of some of his own servants, now that president Lambart has died. The same may be said of his son, the prince of Piedmont (Emmanuele Philiberto), and of the castle of Nizza guarding against the danger of the Duke's son or the castle falling into the hands of the French.
Nor will it be amiss to take precautions about Gennes (Genoa), considering the insistance of the French to get possession of that city somehow, the inconstancy of the Genoese themselves, and the inclination of part of the inhabitants; for if the French once set foot in it, one may easily conceive the inconveniences that may arise.
It would be desirable to find means for the renewal of the confederacy made at Bologna in the year [15]33 between the late Pope Clement, His Imperial Majesty, the dukes of Ferrara and Mantua, and the republics of Florence, Genoa, Siena, and Lucca, stipulating the sum which each of those states was to contribute, and appointing Antonio de Leyva commander-in-chief, with several captains under him, which confederacy lasted until the death of that general. It may, however, be apprehended that there will be great obstacles in the way of that confederacy being renewed; for, in the first place, there is His Holiness' visible inclination always to remain neutral; then there is his disinclination to expend money (debourser argent); and last, not least, on the side of the duke of Ferrara, there is his being now allied by marriage to the reigning family of France. As to His Holiness, the cause of the defence of Italy might be described to him, as it was to his predecessor [Clement], under such lively colours that his scruples may perhaps be surmounted. The same may be said of the duke of Ferrara. It is also to be considered whether the overtures for this confederacy—in case of the plan being approved by His Imperial Majesty—are to be brought forward immediately, or delayed until the Emperor has had his interview with the Holy Father. In the former case, whoever of the parties proposes the thing first, is sure to raise the suspicions of the other; whereas, if the matter is delayed, there is the danger of the Pope being unwilling to sanction it.
Siena ought to be looked after; it is important to know how the government of that Republic is to be conducted, and in whose hands it is to remain for the future.
The lord of Pomblin (Piombino) and his lordship. He must not dispose of it without the Emperor's previous knowledge.
Are all the Swiss cantons, or some of them, Catholic or Protestant, to be addressed on these matters, and touching the Valesians?
French. Original draft. pp. 3½.
262. Ferdinand, King of the Romans. Instructions to Diego Lasso de Castilla and Bonacorsi (Buonaccors) di Grino, his internuncios at Rome.
S. E. Roma, L. 2005,
B. tom xv., fol. 9.
B. M. Add. 28,593,
They are to deliver their credentials and make the following declaration:—
The Apostolic Nuncio residing at this court, and Otho of de Fruchsiis, gentleman in waiting to His Holiness Pope Paul, have declared in the presence of the Imperial ambassador, and of the commissioners of the Catholic League, that His Holiness, the Pope, is ready to join the confederacy, and yet that he can in nowise approve of the recess of Ratisbone (Regensburgh). If, however, two of the articles of that recess are altered, the Pope would accept the offer made to him of becoming a member of that league. The ambassadors are to assure His Holiness that neither the Emperor, nor he himself (the king of the Romans), nor, indeed, the rest of the members of the Catholic League, intend in the least to do, or will permit anything to be done, likely to impair or diminish the authority of the Apostolic See.
They are, nevertheless, to beg His Holiness to contribute one fourth part of all the expenses of a league, which has been concluded for the express purpose of defending the Catholic religion and the Holy See, especially as he (the king of the Romans) and the Emperor, have taken upon themselves to contribute also another fourth part to the expenses, notwithstanding that they are rendering services in the League in other respects. The remainder of the total expenses to be defrayed by the other members of the League individually, who, in addition to their contribution in money, will have to expose their states, subjects, and even their own persons to great dangers and inconveniences from the moment that war breaks out.
They are, in short, to beg His Holiness to keep in readiness 60,000 ducats for the above-mentioned purpose. (fn. n17)
Latin. Copy from the Archives at the Vatican made by Berzosa.
263. Idiaquez to the Archbishop of Toledo.
S. E. L. 52, f. 356.
By the ordinary courier from Flanders a letter of the 27th of June, from the marquis de Aguilar has been received. Martin Alonso arrived [in Rome] on the 19th of that month. Finding that the Pope was absent, he went after him, met him at Pagliano, had a talk with him, spoke according to the instructions he had from the Emperor, and then continued his journey. The principal topic of his conversation with His Holiness was the diet [of Spires]; the resolution being that which Martin Alonso himself communicated by the last post, to which communication an answer has already been sent.
Martin Alonso says in his letter that both the Legate and His Holiness' Nuncio complain bitterly of D'Andalot. It appears that the Pope ordered the arrest of one Hieronymo di Carpi, who had been once a chamberlain of the duke of Florence [Alessandro dé Medici], and that the duchess [Margaret] was rather in favor of him owing to his having been once her husband's servant. Whilst he was being conducted to prison by the "barracelo," Andalot, followed by some of his own household servants, came out of his house, and rushing upon Hieronymo and his escort delivered him. He was then taken to the Quirinal and presented to His Holiness by the Duchess, Ottavio Farnese, and by the Cardinal [Alessandro], as well as by the marquis de Aguilar, saying that he was innocent of the crimes imputed to him, and urgently requesting that he should be examined. The charge against him is that he has said, among other things, that the Pope did actually order the death of cardinal Medici. His Holiness, on the Duchess' intercession, pardoned the accused, but is still very indignant against D'Andalot.
There are letters of the 16th of June from the viceroy of Naples [Toledo]. At that date Martin Alonso had not yet arrived in that city. Eighteen fustees of Turkish privateers were infesting the coasts of Pulla (Puglia). Letters from that locality say that the privateers had made some havoc and carried away prisoners; whilst others assert that Scipione di Somma had attacked and defeated the Turks, slaying some of them, so that the enemy had gone away without causing any harm on that coast. (fn. n18)
Spanish. Original. 1½ p.
n1. Mr. Charles de Cossé-Brissac. See above, pp. 75, 100–1.
n2. That is Philip, born in 1527.
n3. Marguerite de Valois, youngest daughter of king Francis, born the 5th of June 1523.
n4. Maria, born in 1528.
n5. Catharine, who in 1549 was married to Francesco Gonzaga, duke of Mantua. Her elder sister (Isabella) was already betrothed to Sigismond II., king of Poland. Ferdinand had at this time another daughter called Eleanor, born in 1534, and who in 1561 was married to Guglielmo Gonzaga, duke of Mantua.
n6. That is Virgilio Rosario, vicar of Rome since 1537, and who died in 1559.
n7. Sigismond Augustus had not yet succeeded his father, Sigismond I., or the Great.
n8. On this confirmation of Hungarian bishops, appointed by John, see above, pp. 113, 116.
n9. About this bishop, whose full name was Georgio Martinusio, I find in Moroni's Dizionario di erudizione storico - ecclesiastica (Venezia, 1847, Vol. XLIII., p. 179), that he belonged to the family of Wisenowiski in Croatia, but took early his mother's name. That in 1508 he entered the cloister at Castoconiano (?) in Poland, where he became acquainted with John, waywode of Transylvania, then an exile, owing to the king of the Romans having expelled him from his estates. In May 1534 John had him appointed bishop of Peter Varadin, then councillor and minister of Finance, and, lastly, regent and tutor of his son, John Sigismond. He became a cardinal, and died in 1551. There is a life of him by Antonio Bechet, Storia del ministero del cardinal Giorgio Martinusio, Paris, 1715.
n10. Bernardo de Clesis, who died in September of this year.
n11. Hieronimo Aleandro di Mota, from 1524 to 1572, cardinal in 1536.
n12. Isabella, the King's eldest daughter. See above, p. 514.
n13. That is Sigismond Augustus, who, after his father's death in 1548, inherited the throne, and reigned until 1572, when he died without posterity. His marriage to Isabella had not yet taken place.
n14. Giovan Morone. See p. 280.
n15. The memorandum alluded to is not in the packet.
n16. Claude d'Hannebault, Annebault, or Annebaut, lieutenant-governor in Piedmont, and marshall of France. See above, pp. 202, 345, 370-1, 415.
n17. There is no date to these instructions, which bear some resemblance to those in Vol. IV., Part II., pp. 21 and 955.
n18. The letter, which has no signature at all, is besides undated, though it appears from the endorsement that it was written by Alonso Idiaquez—then the Emperor's chief secretary or minister of Foreign Affairs—to the archbishop of Toledo (Juan Tavera). The Emperor was in Italy at the time on his way to Lucca, where his interview with Pope Paul took place (13 Sept. 1541), and therefore it is natural to conclude that Idiaquez' letter must have been written between the 22nd of August, when the Emperor reached Milan, and the 18th of September, when he left Lucca. See Gachard, Voyages, &c., and Bradford's Itinerary of Charles V., pp. 526–7.


Harbaugh Seaside Trails is a Pearl in the Oyster of SoCal Coastal Views.
Admire the ocean and lagoon at this open space park, located at the gateway of Cardiff-by-the-Sea and Solana Beach. Harbaugh Seaside Trails is a place for contemplation and enjoyment, dog walking, and a gathering spot for stunning sunsets over the ocean. The location of this 3.4-acre seaside overlook is adjacent to San Elijo Lagoon, and creates an important buffer for protected wetland habitat.
Bird watching is exceptional from the elevated vantage point of the park, including Cassin's Kingbird, Bewick's Wren, and Cooper's Hawk.
Positioned along the Pacific Coast Highway, it's a natural extension of the Coastal Rail Trail. Community citizens and supporters joined San Elijo Lagoon Conservancy to save this land from commercial development. The George and Betty Harbaugh Charitable Foundation gifted $1.1 million at the end of the public campaign, for which this park is named. Read more about George and Betty Harbaugh.
Harbaugh Seaside Trails is highlighted in the yellow triangle. It is located on the east side of Scenic Highway 101 at the north end of Solana Beach, south end of Cardiff-by-the-Sea.
NOTICE OF CLOSURE ALONG RAILROAD: Build NCC Construction is under way for railroad double tracking. This part of the "trail" is marked off by construction fencing. Other areas of the property are open for visitation.
Harbaugh Seaside Trails currently features a main loop trail that is approximately 3/4-mile long. It begins from the Coastal Rail Trail in Solana Beach (via sidewalk) heading south, leading to the overlook of the sea and lagoon. The trails are not yet graded, but they are open for visitors.
No onsite parking. Curbside parking is along side streets in Solana Beach west of Highway 101, beginning at Ocean Street (closest).
Dogs on a leash no longer than 6 feet.
Litter and dog waste can harm wildlife. Please pack out trash.


text:
package com.wonderpush.sdk;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import androidx.core.app.NotificationManagerCompat;
import android.util.Log;

import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * Implementation of {@link IWonderPush} that performs the required tasks.
 *
 * This implementation is used when user consent is either provided or not required.
 */
class WonderPushImpl implements IWonderPush {

    @Override
    public void _activate() {
        WonderPush.resumeInAppMessaging();
    }

    @Override
    public void _deactivate() {
        WonderPush.pauseInAppMessaging();
    }

    @Override
    public String getAccessToken() {
        String accessToken = null;
        try {
            accessToken = WonderPushConfiguration.getAccessToken();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while getting accessToken", e);
        }
        return accessToken;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDeviceId() {
        String deviceId = null;
        try {
            deviceId = WonderPushConfiguration.getDeviceId();
            if (deviceId == null) {
                // Read from OpenUDID storage to keep a smooth transition off using OpenUDID
                SharedPreferences sharedPrefs =  WonderPush.getApplicationContext().getSharedPreferences("openudid_prefs", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
                deviceId = sharedPrefs.getString("openudid", null);
                if (deviceId == null) {
                    // Generate an UUIDv4
                    deviceId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
                }
                // and store it for us
                WonderPushConfiguration.setDeviceId(deviceId);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while getting deviceId", e);
        }
        return deviceId;
    }

    @Override
    public String getInstallationId() {
        String installationId = null;
        try {
            installationId = WonderPushConfiguration.getInstallationId();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while getting installationId", e);
        }
        return installationId;
    }

    @Override
    public String getPushToken() {
        String pushToken = null;
        try {
            pushToken = WonderPushConfiguration.getGCMRegistrationId();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while getting pushToken", e);
        }
        return pushToken;
    }

    @Override
    public void subscribeToNotifications(boolean fallbackToSettings) {
        setNotificationEnabled(true, fallbackToSettings);
    }

    @Override
    public void subscribeToNotifications() {
        subscribeToNotifications(false);
    }

    @Override
    public void unsubscribeFromNotifications() {
        setNotificationEnabled(false);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isSubscribedToNotifications() {
        return getNotificationEnabled();
    }

    @Override
    @Deprecated
    public boolean getNotificationEnabled() {
        return WonderPushConfiguration.getNotificationEnabled();
    }

    @Override
    @Deprecated
    public void setNotificationEnabled(boolean status) {
        setNotificationEnabled(status, false);
    }

    private void setNotificationEnabled(boolean status, boolean fallbackToSetting) {
        WonderPush.logDebug("Set notification enabled: " + status);
        WonderPushConfiguration.setNotificationEnabled(status);
        refreshSubscriptionStatus();
        NotificationPromptController.getInstance().prompt(fallbackToSetting, null);
    }

    public void refreshSubscriptionStatus() {
        try {
            boolean subscribedToNotifications = WonderPushConfiguration.getNotificationEnabled();
            WonderPush.SubscriptionStatus previousSubscriptionStatus = WonderPush.getSubscriptionStatus();
            boolean osAreNotificationsEnabled = NotificationManagerCompat.from(WonderPush.getApplicationContext()).areNotificationsEnabled();
            Set<String> disabledChannels = WonderPushUserPreferences.getDisabledChannelIds();
            String value = subscribedToNotifications && osAreNotificationsEnabled
                    ? WonderPush.INSTALLATION_PREFERENCES_SUBSCRIPTION_STATUS_OPTIN
                    : WonderPush.INSTALLATION_PREFERENCES_SUBSCRIPTION_STATUS_OPTOUT;

            JSONObject diff = new JSONObject();
            JSONObject preferences = new JSONObject();
            diff.put("preferences", preferences);
            preferences.put("subscriptionStatus", value);
            preferences.put("subscribedToNotifications", subscribedToNotifications);
            preferences.put("osNotificationsVisible", osAreNotificationsEnabled);
            preferences.put("disabledAndroidChannels", new JSONArray(disabledChannels));
            JSONSyncInstallation.forCurrentUser().put(diff);

            WonderPushConfiguration.setCachedOsAreNotificationsEnabled(osAreNotificationsEnabled);
            WonderPushConfiguration.setCachedOsAreNotificationsEnabledDate(TimeSync.getTime());
            WonderPushConfiguration.setCachedDisabledNotificationChannelIds(disabledChannels);
            WonderPushConfiguration.setCachedDisabledNotificationChannelIdsDate(TimeSync.getTime());

            if (WonderPush.getSubscriptionStatus() != previousSubscriptionStatus) {
                WonderPush.subscriptionStatusChanged();
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while refreshing subscription status", e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public JSONObject getProperties() {
        return getInstallationCustomProperties();
    }

    @Override
    public void putProperties(JSONObject properties) {
        putInstallationCustomProperties(properties);
    }

    @Override
    @Deprecated
    public JSONObject getInstallationCustomProperties() {
        JSONObject rtn = InstallationManager.getInstallationCustomProperties();
        WonderPush.logDebug("getInstallationCustomProperties() -> " + rtn);
        return rtn;
    }

    @Override
    @Deprecated
    public void putInstallationCustomProperties(JSONObject customProperties) {
        try {
            InstallationManager.putInstallationCustomProperties(customProperties);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while putting installation custom properties", e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void setProperty(String field, Object value) {
        try {
            InstallationManager.setProperty(field, value);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while calling setProperty", e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void unsetProperty(String field) {
        try {
            InstallationManager.unsetProperty(field);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while calling unsetProperty", e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void addProperty(String field, Object value) {
        try {
            InstallationManager.addProperty(field, value);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while calling addProperty", e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void removeProperty(String field, Object value) {
        try {
            InstallationManager.removeProperty(field, value);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while calling removeProperty", e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Object getPropertyValue(String field) {
        try {
            return InstallationManager.getPropertyValue(field);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while calling getPropertyValue", e);
            return JSONObject.NULL;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public List<Object> getPropertyValues(String field) {
        try {
            return InstallationManager.getPropertyValues(field);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while calling getPropertyValues", e);
            return Collections.emptyList();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void trackEvent(String type) {
        try {
            trackEvent(type, null);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while tracking user event of type \"" + type + "\"", e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void trackEvent(String type, JSONObject customData) {
        try {
            WonderPush.logDebug("trackEvent(" + type + ", " + customData + ")");
            WonderPush.trackEvent(type, null, customData);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while tracking user event of type \"" + type + "\"", e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void addTag(String... tag) {
        try {
            InstallationManager.addTag(tag);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while adding tags " + Arrays.toString(tag), e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void removeTag(String... tag) {
        try {
            InstallationManager.removeTag(tag);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while removing tags " + Arrays.toString(tag), e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void removeAllTags() {
        try {
            InstallationManager.removeAllTags();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while removing all tags", e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Set<String> getTags() {
        try {
            return InstallationManager.getTags();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while getting tags", e);
            return new TreeSet<>();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasTag(String tag) {
        try {
            return InstallationManager.hasTag(tag);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(WonderPush.TAG, "Unexpected error while testing tag " + tag, e);
            return false;
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
GTC PLANNING COMMITTEE
Wayne County Courthouse
Lyons, New York
Paul Johnson, Monroe County Planning Board
Harriett Haynes, Seneca County
James Pond, Monroe County At Large, representing Scott Leathersich
(Vacant), Yates County
Scott Allen, Town of Macedon
Erik Frisch, City of Rochester
Marvin Kleinberg, NYSDOT Region 4
Kevin Rooney, Wayne County Highway Department
Robert Torzynski, GTC Staff
Richard Perrin introduced Julie Gotham, the new GTC Assistant Program Manager for Community Transportation Planning. Julie has a Masters Degree in Planning from the University at Buffalo. Prior to entering planning she was involved in product development and will be responsible for managing the development of the UPWP, CAP Program, and Environmental Justice / Title VI activities.
Richard Perrin announced that GTC Assistant Director Jim Stack and his wife are the proud parents of a six-pound, six-ounce baby girl, Teagan, born Monday, August 13.
Terrence Rice moved for approval of the minutes from the May 17, 2007 Planning Committee meeting; John Thomas seconded the motion. The minutes were approved as submitted.
There is no progress to report on the Supplemental Professional Services Database Programming project.
GTC staff will reinitiate Strategic Planning activities this fall. Major activities will be to reaffirm the mission, vision, and values that were developed in Spring 2006 and identify current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
The need for the Rural County Resource Development Initiative will be reviewed as part of the UPWP update for the next fiscal year. The intent was to collect and make available information and resources on rural transportation. Much of this information is available via three national websites: the National Association of Development Organizationss ruraltransportation.org, FHWAs Rural Transportation Planning, and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics Rural and Agricultural Data and Information Resources.
GTC staff is working on the redevelopment of the GTC website. The site will feature a Resources page that will include a Rural Transportation Planning component that incorporates these three sites as well as others.
The GTC Board adopted the LRTP: 2007-2027 Update at the June meeting. A RFP for graphic design services will be advertised in the NYS Contract Reporter.
The GTC Board adopted the Conformity Statement for the LRTP 2007-2027 Update and 2007-2012 TIP at its June meeting. FHWA and FTA provided notification of a positive conformity determination on July 30 (including review and concurrence by EPA and NYSDOT EAB).
A summary of the April 5 State Implementation Plan (SIP) local task force meeting was mailed on May 17. GTC is continuing to monitor the development of the eight-hour ozone SIP. At present, the Rochester nonattainment area is not included in the version of the SIP sent by DEC to EPA on Tuesday, August 14. We are likely going to be redesignated as maintenance this Fall. In addition, a court decision vacated a portion of the eight-hour ozone standard regarding classification.
GTC staff is working with NYSDOT EAB to develop a template for completeness determinations for the thirty-five projects in the 2007-2012 TIP that will require them as a prerequisite for receiving CMAQ funds. GTC staff is coordinating with NYSDOT-Region 4 on the schedule for conducting the completeness determinations to expedite them in a timely manner based on various aspects of the projects (i.e., year programmed, existing or new, type, etc.).
Draft reports have been produced for all ten sites for the Transportation and Industrial Access project. Reports for Orleans and Wyoming counties have been finalized. GTC is awaiting final comments from IDAs and Economic Development Departments on the others.
GTC staff is finalizing the transit network for the Travel Demand Model Enhancement project. The consultant has completed the morning peak period and other time-of-day components. The transit network will be incorporated and the base year model will be calibrated. Future year models will then be developed. There may be a need for additional funding for on-call services prior to the start of next fiscal year.
The Bicycle & Pedestrian Supportive Code Language project will be presented as agenda item 5.c.2. on page 18.
GTC staff expects to work with the UPWP Development Committee to develop a scope of work for Planning Committee consideration in November for the Safe Routes to School Program and Site Assessments.
A scope of work for the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Strategic Plan Update will be presented as agenda item 5.f.1. A RFP will be issued with a maximum contract amount of $100,000 as programmed in the current UPWP. Additional FHWA Statewide Planning and Research (SPR) funds for this project have yet to materialize.
The Diversion Route Planning Initiative was discussed at the July Transportation Management Committee meeting. GTC received a draft of a handbook for a similar, but smaller-scale, initiative being developed for Route 17/I-86 in Horseheads, New York.
All four Priority Trails Advancement projects are progressing. The first Steering Committee meeting for the Rochester Erie-Attica Railroad Bridge Project is scheduled for September 13. Data collection and inventory is nearing completion. Data collection and inventory is also nearing completion for the Penfield Irondequoit Creek Stream Corridor project. A meeting of affected landowners of the Caledonia Lehigh Valley Railroad project was held July 24. A letter informing them of the meeting and requesting their participation was sent in late-June. NYSDOT Region 4 and GTC staff will work on developing costs for Right-of-Way acquisition as part of trail projects. The first public meeting for the New York Central Westshore Branch project was held the evening of August 14. A preferred alternative will be developed based on comments received at that meeting.
GTC anticipates finalizing and providing materials for the On-Street Bicycle Facility Opportunities Review project for Planning Committee consideration in October or November.
Data collection for the Pedestrian Facilities Inventory project is complete and is undergoing quality control. A summary document of findings will be developed for Planning Committee consideration later this calendar year.
A public workshop for the Circulation, Accessibility, and Parking Program study in Perry was conducted on July 18. Approximately thirty-five people attended the workshop and alternatives are being developed. A similar workshop is being held on Saturday, August 18 in Hilton with an initial Steering Committee meeting held June 28. Barton & Loguidice was selected as the preferred consultant for the Macedon study and a contract has been executed. A Gantt chart for the project was provided on August 13 and the initial Steering Committee meeting will be scheduled for late-August or early-September. The City of Rochester has contacted GTC staff about starting the Browns Square Neighborhood project.
An updated identification of congested roadways and toolbox of mitigation strategies are included in the adopted LRTP: 2007-2027 Update for the Congestion Management Process.
The scope of work for the Travel Time Data Collection Assessment was approved at the May 17 Planning Committee meeting. A RFP was advertised in the August 13 NYS Contract Reporter with proposals due September 7. This will be key to further enhancing the Congestion Management Process.
A final draft for the Strategic Plan for Public Transportation in Yates County was completed and distributed to the Steering Committee. The second public meeting was held on August 6 and the final Steering Committee meeting to review comments was held August 9. The final plan and an executive summary are expected to be finalized in the next month with presentation to the Planning Committee in October.
GTC received written verification from NYSDOT Main Office on July 20 that $304,000 of SPR funds have been awarded to the Regional Goods Movement Strategy. There are currently $120,000 in FHWA metropolitan planning funds programmed in the UPWP. The maximum contract amount will be $424,000. GTC staff discussed the project at the August 7 Rochester Finger Lakes Regional Development Corporation meeting and expects to begin developing the scope immediately for review by county IDAs, planning departments, City of Rochester economic development officials, and business groups (including the Greater Rochester Enterprise).
The 2007-2012 TIP was adopted by the GTC Board at the June 21 meeting. GTC staff have corrected issues with the document that were raised at the Board meeting such as duplicate costs in summary tables and detail sheets for selected projects.
GTC staff is working with NYSDOT Regions 3 and 6 to ensure that we have accurate information for Seneca and Yates counties, respectively, which are included for informational purposes. Staff expects to have the final document ready for publication in mid-September.
GTC staff will begin development of the FY 2008-2009 UPWP the first week of September with the mailing of the advance notice of availability of funding and the application package during the third week of September.
It is anticipated that proposals for consultant services for GTC staff-led projects and activities will be less than in prior years. GTC staff have large projects currently programmed whose advancement will be an emphasis for the remainder of this fiscal year and FY 2008-2009, including the Goods Movement Strategy, ITS Strategic Plan, and Diversion Route Planning Initiative.
GTC is attempting to identify eligible planning projects by communities in region based on recent requests for technical assistance from GTC staff, and suggestions from member agencies via their communities are encouraged.
A brochure on what MPOs are was developed the NYSMPOs and is available for distribution. If you need additional copies for your communities, let GTC staff know and we will provide them to you.
GTC staff has and continues to ensure that community character and context sensitive solutions are integrated into transportation planning activities. Ten case studies, including ARTwalk in Rochester, have been conducted through a NYSMPOs Share Cost Initiative and the final document is available for distribution to communities in the region.
G/FLRPC staff are sending letters to counties and municipalities for the Local Update of Census Addresses - Phase 1 project. Staff will process signed letters as they are returned.
The 2006 Regional Land Use Monitoring project will be discussed later in the meeting.
The LRTP Non-Air Environmental Scan project was approved at the June GTC Board meeting.
Final reports have been delivered to Scottsville and Newark for the Preparing Village Main Streets for Planning project. The development of the guidebook is continuing.
G/FLRPC staff is developing the corridor description narratives and alternatives and continuing outreach to municipal officials for the Optimizing Transportation Infrastructure through Effective Land Use project.
Paul Johnson reported:
The 2006 Monroe County Land Use Monitoring report is complete and is available on the county website. Data collection is continuing for 2007.
The Monroe County Parking Study report has been transmitted to the graphic designer and will be available within four to six weeks.
The Accident Rate Database project is progressing well with road classifications included in the final iterations. The final product will be available in a GIS format.
The Safe Passing Zone Survey is complete.
Twelve more locations have been analyzed as part of the Monroe County High Accident Location Program and possible additional funding for the project will be discussed later in the meeting.
The State Route 96 / State Route 318 Rural Corridor Study is underway with Bergman Associates as the consultant. A kick off meeting will be held in September. Angela Ellis will be assuming project manager responsibilities.
The joint CATS/Ontario County Highway facility opened August 10. Kris expressed his thanks to members of the Planning Committee that were instrumental in advancing the project.
The draft final report for the Port of Rochester Transportation Evaluation and Support Study is still being reviewed internally.
The Neighborhood Traffic Calming Concept Design and Implementation project is still being reviewed internally.
Focus group meetings have been held for the Center City Parking Development and Management project. The inventory of parking spaces has been completed and the survey has been posted on the Citys website.
The draft final report for the City of Rochester Vehicle Fleet Alternative Fuels Systems Study is being reviewed internally by fleet management personnel. This study was well-timed as the City is using the results as part of the development of the Multi-Agency Green Fueling Stations project.
The Market Research for Regional Transit Service project is complete and is expected to be presented to the Planning Committee in October.
The Coordinated Public Transit-Human Services Transportation Plan is a FTA requirement. Stuart I. Brown Associates is the consultant and has prepared a draft copy of the plan for steering committee review.
Stuart I. Brown Associates is the preferred consultant for the RGRTA Suburban Transportation Service Study. The study is underway.
The consultant for the RTS/Lift Line Operational Analysis & Facility Utilization Study is assessing potential sites for the relocation of Lift Line.
Field work has been completed for the Facility Asset Management Plan for RTS & Lift Line. The team of Parrone Engineers, SWBR Architects, and M/E Engineering was selected.
A Maryland-based firm has been selected for the RTS Operational Process Study and has conducted a site visit and interviews.
RGRTA Route Analysis is an on-going project for the Scheduling Department and a presentation will be provided to the Planning Committee in October.
Richard Perrin noted that Monroe County Department of Transportation (MCDOT) comments on the draft Palmyra Route 21 Truck Traffic Study were provided to the Wayne County Planning Department for transmittal to the project consultant.
Two responses were received for the Regional Traffic Count Collection project RFQ. The responses were forwarded to the involved counties for them to select a preferred consultant. Contracts for Genesee, Livingston, and Wayne Counties are being developed by GTC staff.
The draft final report for the New York Route 96 Traffic Signal Coordination Study was developed and received August 6. A final steering committee meeting is being held this afternoon.
The final draft report for the Meridian Centre Boulevard Extension Study is being revised to incorporate MCDOT comments. Presentation of the results to the Planning Committee is expected in October.
The build-out analysis for the Route 250 Corridor Study is being finalized and GTC staff will conduct travel demand model runs based on this analysis.
The scope of work for the Macedon NYS Route 31 Corridor Study will be presented later in the meeting.
A Steering Committee meeting was held July 30 for the Williamson Route 104 & Route 21 Gateway Concepts study. The next Steering Committee meeting will be held September 17 to review alternatives. A public meeting is scheduled for September 26.
A scope of work for the Town of Penfield Bicycle Facilities Plan is expected to be presented to the Planning Committee in October.
John Thomas asked how completeness determinations for CMAQ-funded projects would be progressed.
Richard Perrin reiterated that GTC staff are coordinating with NYSDOT Region 4 and that an initial scan has been conducted to determine the year CMAQ funds are programmed to the project; whether the project is included in the 2005-2010 TIP or new to the 2007-2012 TIP; and the type of project that is being funded with CMAQ funds. This scan was conducted to ensure that those projects that are scheduled first have their completeness determinations made first, that those projects that had other fund sources replaced with CMAQ funds were done before those that did not, and that projects whose completeness determinations can be completed by GTC staff using existing staff information and data can begin while additional information is requested from member agencies for the others.
John Thomas asked what they needed to provide in order for the Mt. Hope Avenue project to be included in the rankings.
Richard Perrin responded that, because that project is traffic flow improvement that is not a roundabout, GTC staff expect to use volume and speed data from the GTC Travel Demand Model to conduct the completeness determination. However, if additional information is available from a design report, GTC staff would be interested in receiving it.
Terry Rice asked if there has been any additional activity on developing a means for tracking the progress and costs of projects in the TIP for discussion by Planning Committee members, similar to this discussion on UPWP-funded projects. Terry noted that this could be a function of the TIP Development Committee (TDC).
Richard Perrin stated that GTC staff now receive information on obligations from NYSDOT annually. Accordingly, comparing actual obligations to programmed amounts by phase is possible but limited as GTC staff only have information for the two most recently completed federal fiscal years. Richard concurred that it could be discussed at the TDC level and that it would be put on the agenda for the next meeting on November 1.
a. Planning Committee action concerning approving the DRAFT Public Participation Plan for 45-day public review
Richard Perrin noted that SAFETEA-LU included new requirements for MPO Public Participation Plans compared to those in TEA-21 and ISTEA. The SAFETEA-LU Public Participation Plan requirements expanded on those in previous surface transportation bills by requiring the development of the Public Participation Plan in consultation with affected local, regional, and state agencies; including visualization techniques, and making information accessible electronically. The final rule revised 450 CFR 316 and was published in the February 14, 2007 edition of the Federal Register.
The Public Participation Plan for the LRTP 2007-2027 Update was presented to the Planning Committee in January (a month before the final rule was published) and the Public Participation Plan for the development of 2007-2012 TIP exceeded the requirements of the current Public Participation Policy. Both clearly met SAFETEA-LU requirements, including increased consultation, visualization, and information being made available electronically via the GTC website.
Differences between the current Public Participation Policy and Draft Public Participation Plan include:
Specific mention of GTC website in baseline requirements and standards
Inclusion of a second public forum near conclusion of Planning Committee meetings
Convening of LRTP Development Committee
Provision of summary of written comments to Planning Committee and GTC Board for major products
Specific mention of incorporating visualization techniques, as appropriate
Requirements for air quality conformity statements
Each of these revisions codifies what GTC already does for its policy, planning, and investment decision making processes.
Richard noted that both the current Public Participation Policy and SAFETEA-LU require that any revisions be made available for a 45-day public review period. Staff are proposing to conduct the review period from August 22 to October 5 including publishing a legal notice in the Democrat & Chronicle, providing the draft document to county planning offices and NYSDOT Region 4, mailing notices of the availability to comment directly to the agencies consulted with on the 2007-2027 LRTP Update and the GTC Environmental Justice database; and making the full document available on the GTC website.
Kristen Mark Hughes moved to approve the DRAFT Public Participation Plan for a 45-Day Public Review period; Dan Hallowell seconded the motion. The motion passed unopposed.
b. Recommendation to the GTC Board concerning amending the FY 2007-2008 UPWP to reflect the reprogramming of FHWA Metropolitan Planning (PL) funds / Proposed Council Resolution 07-24
Richard Perrin noted that Monroe County Department of Transportation requested $7,000 from their portion of Task 4510 Regional Traffic Count Collection that are remaining after that task has been completed in accordance with the UPWP be reprogrammed to Task 6230 High Accident Location Program to evaluate ten additional locations. Funds would move to Task 1600 Program Reserve from Traffic Count Collection and then from Program Reserve to High Accident Location Program as stated in the proposed resolution.
Terry Rice explained that the original intent was to return the funds for reprogramming in the next UPWP. However, work on the project to-date identified the need for the supplemental funds to study additional locations.
Kris Hughes asked if there were other existing projects that have a greater need for supplemental funding or if the proposed reprogramming would limit resources for the next UPWP.
Richard Perrin responded that there are currently funds in Program Reserve as a result of savings from last years GTC staff budget and not fully programming the FY 2007-2008 allocation during the development of the current UPWP. Richard noted that the current rule of thumb is that no more than 10 percent of the current years FHWA or FTA allocations can be programmed to Program Reserve as FHWA and FTA want to ensure that funds are being used to advance projects.
Kris Hughes added that it could be a mechanism for funding other projects.
Richard responded that it is possible, but that the Program Reserve task was created to ensure that there are a limited amount of funds available in the event that an unexpected expenditure arises during a current fiscal year. Richard stated that the UPWP Development Committee could discuss this during the development of the FY 2008-2009 UPWP.
Dan Hallowell moved to recommend approval of Proposed Council Resolution 07-24; James Brady seconded the motion. The motion passed unopposed.
c. Recommendations to the GTC Board concerning accepting a final project report and technical memorandum and associated materials as evidence of completion of various UPWP Tasks
David Woods suggested grouping the two resolutions together under one vote. The Committee concurred.
1. Accepting the report, 2006 Regional Land Use Monitoring Report, as evidence of completion of UPWP Task 4220 / Proposed Council Resolution 07-25
David Zorn reviewed highlights of the 2006 Regional Land Use Monitoring Report.
Terry Rice asked for clarification on the number of permits issued versus the number of units issued in certain municipalities.
Dave responded that the number of permits and the number of units differ because some permits are issued for multi-family residences resulting in more units permitted than permits issued.
Terry and James Pond noted that this could be clarified in the executive summary.
2. Accepting the technical memorandum, Bicycle and Pedestrian Supportive Code Language, as evidence of completion of UPWP Task 5510 / Proposed Council Resolution 07-26
Robert Torzynski gave a presentation on the Bicycle and Pedestrian Supportive Code Language project.
James Pond moved to recommend approval of Proposed Council Resolutions 07-25 and 07-26; John Thomas seconded the motion. The motion passed unopposed.
John Thomas requested that information from the Bicycle and Pedestrian Supportive Code Language project be forwarded to the City of Rochester Bureau of Buildings and Zoning.
Richard Perrin responded that GTC would forward the full technical memorandum and fact sheets to the Bureau.
David Zorn suggested that the presentation could be part of a session at a future local government workshop sponsored by G/FLRPC.
Richard responded that GTC staff would look forward to the opportunity to present the results of the project to the local elected officials and planning and zoning board members that attend the workshops.
d. Approval of project recommendations for FY 2007-08 Priority Trails Advancement funding
Richard Perrin noted that, consistent with past practice, the Regional Trails Initiative Steering Committee evaluated the proposals received and met on August 2 to review and discuss the proposals for FY 2007-08 Priority Trails Advancement funding. The Committee is recommending that all three of the proposals received be allocated the funding requested. The three proposals total $75,000 and $117,994 in federal funds is available. The Steering Committee requested clarification and minor revisions on each of the proposals. GTC staff contacted the three sponsors and each agreed to the committee recommended revisions.
James Pond moved to approve recommendations for FY 2007-08 Priority Trails Advancement funding; Paul Johnson seconded the motion. The motion passed unopposed.
Terry Rice requested that MCDOT be provided the opportunity to review alternatives for the I-590 Bicycle/Pedestrian Bypass trail as it will cross county roads.
James Pond noted that Brightons proposal for the I-590 Bicycle/Pedestrian Bypass trail includes crossing Westfall Road to access Buckland Park. Jim strongly suggested that the crossing be considered where MCDOT installed a traffic signal at Barclay Square Drive.
Kris Hughes inquired about the current status of the Lehigh Valley Trail (including direction), irrespective of the current proposal being considered. Richard responded that, to his knowledge, the Lehigh Valley Trail currently runs east-west and that the proposal is for another branch of the former railroad.
e. Planning Committee recommendation and action concerning amendments to the 2007-2012 TIP and the 2005-2010 TIP
David Woods suggested combining all the amendments together under one vote. The Committee concurred.
1. Recommendation to GTC Board concerning amending the 2007-2012 TIP by adding the At-grade Railroad Crossing Improvements Block Program project / Proposed Council Resolution 07-27.
2. Recommendation to GTC Board concerning amending the 2007-2012 TIP by increasing the total cost of the I-390 Interchange Improvements @ Rt. 15 (Exit 16 Part 2) project / Proposed Council Resolution 07-28.
Rob Slaver reviewed the two amendments to the 2007-2012 TIP addressed by Proposed Council Resolutions 07-27 and 07-28, and explained that the first should have been included in the 2007-2012 TIP, but was inadvertently omitted by GTC staff.
Richard reminded the Planning Committee that the At-Grade Railroad Crossing Improvements Block Program project was recommended by the TDC for inclusion in the 2007-2012 TIP.
3. Recommendation to GTC Board concerning amending the 2007-2012 TIP by changing the schedule of the Rochester DES Automated Vehicle Locator/Weather Sensor ITS Project / Proposed Council Resolution 07-29
4. Recommendation to GTC Board concerning amending the 2007-2012 TIP by adding a phase to and changing the schedule of the Rochester Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle Charging Stations / Vehicle Expansion Project / Proposed Council Resolution 07-30
John Thomas reviewed the two amendments to the 2007-2012 TIP addressed by Proposed Council Resolutions 07-29 and 07-30, and explained the need to change the obligation dates because the former project can be advanced earlier and the latter is dependent on emerging technologies that are not fully developed, and will likely be less expensive in the future.
5. Recommendation to GTC Board concerning amending the 2005-2010 TIP by adding the RTS Evening & Weekend JARC Services project / Proposed Council Resolution 07-31
6. Recommendation to GTC Board concerning Amending the 2005-2010 TIP by adding the Enhanced Lift Line Paratransit Service project / Proposed Council Resolution 07-32
David Cook reviewed the two amendments to the 2005-2010 TIP addressed by Proposed Council Resolutions 7-31 and 07-32. RGRTA, in coordination with GTC staff, conducted a competitive solicitation that was advertised in the Democrat & Chronicle, the RGRTA website, and the GTC website. Three proposals were received and evaluated by RGRTA and GTC staff based on criteria that were articulated in the application package. The two proposals that were most responsive to the these criteria were the RGRTA proposals.
Richard stated that the criteria were based on the FTA circulars for the respective programs and that the other proposal was from the Catholic Family Center for the national Ways to Work program. This program provides loans to low-income persons to purchase used automobiles. Richard noted that the RGRTA JARC proposal would cost one-tenth the cost per job accessed and 40 percent less per ride (both FTA JARC Program Measures) than the other proposal. He also noted that encouraging single occupancy vehicle use in older automobiles was not consistent with the GTC Congestion Management Process or responsive to the regions emphasis on improving air quality.
Kristen Mark Hughes moved to recommend approval of Proposed Council Resolutions 07-27, 07-28, 07-29, 07-30, 07-31 and 07-32; David Cook seconded the motion. The motion passed unopposed.
John Thomas complimented RGRTA and GTC on explaining the selection process to both the Planning Committee and TDC on the JARC and New Freedom project selection process, noting that it could be a sensitive topic with only RGRTA receiving funds from these programs this year.
f. Approval of UPWP Project Scopes of Work
David Woods suggested grouping the two scopes of work together under one vote. The Committee concurred.
1. Task 5601 ITS Strategic Plan Update
2. Task 7571 Macedon NYS Route 31 Corridor Study
Scott Allen, the Town of Macedon engineer and building inspector/zoning officer discussed the proposed project scope of work.
Dan Hallowell asked about the lack of a land use component in the study noting that projected increases in traffic will result from development that has recently been approved and built in the corridor.
Scott responded that the development is consistent with the Towns master plan that was adopted in 1999 which identified this portion of the corridor for commercial development of the type currently being built
Kris Hughes asked if the county is or will be involved in the study given the potential impact to areas east of the proposed corridor if significant transportation improvements are recommended and implemented. Kris stated that this study could be of regional significance and that any recommendations should be assessed based on impacts on surrounding areas.
Terry Rice asked for clarification on the project limits.
Scott responded that the study area includes NYS Route 31 from the Monroe County line to the western boundary of the Village of Macedon only.
Terry asked whether traffic counts will be collected before or after the Lowes home improvement store opens.
Scott responded that traffic count information will be available both before and after the opening of the WalMart and Lowes in the corridor and that recommendations from the study will incorporate these impacts.
Terry Rice asked if traffic impact studies were conducted by WalMart and Lowes prior to receiving approval to build and if any improvements were identified at that time. Terry stated that any identified improvements could be eligible for federal funds and have an impact on future TIPs.
Scott stated that the traffic impact studies were conducted and potential improvements included widening Wayneport Road north of NYS Route 31.
James Pond noted the location of traffic signals along the corridor and stated that the timing of these could be optimized to improve operations.
Harriett Haynes moved to recommend approval of the UPWP Project Scopes of Work for Tasks 5601 and 7571; James Brady seconded the motion. The motion passed unopposed.
a. Discussion on condition of highway bridges in the region
Richard Perrin stated that selection of bridges for funding through the TIP was raised at the last Board meeting in June by Ed Muszynski of Empire State Development Corporation.
Richard stated that this is of particular relevance given the collapse of I-35W in Minneapolis/St. Paul and that GTC staff and the Planning Committee, in its role, would be remiss if the condition of bridges was not discussed to ensure that we are doing everything possible at the MPO level to ensure a tragedy like that one doesnt occur in the region.
Terry Rice asked what information would be provided to the Board on this topic given the technical nature of bridge engineering and design.
Richard responded that GTC staff would like to discuss that at this time with Planning Committee members, as many of the departments they head or represent are responsible for the maintenance and operation of bridges in the region, to determine what information would be most useful to the Board.
Terry Rice said that an explanation of the terminology is needed as the media has focused on terms such as structurally deficient and functionally obsolete without accurately conveying what they mean in terms of safety.
Ed Walsh explained the process that the state uses to rate bridges, what sufficiency ratings are and that, typically, sufficiency rating decrease approximately .05 points per year without maintenance, rehabilitation, or reconstruction. Further, Ed explained that bridges in the region are in adequate condition compared to the rest of the State and that deficient bridges need work but are generally safe. Ed noted that approximately 60 percent of bridges with a condition rating below 4.25 are programmed for improvement in the TIP.
Jim Brady noted that in Wayne County many of the structurally deficient bridges are already programmed in the TIP.
Terry noted that some county highway departments own and maintain all of the non-state bridges.
Richard stated that in smaller communities (counties and municipalities) there may be federal-aid eligible bridges but that those communities may not be aware that they can apply for funding through the TIP much less have the resources available to manage a federal-aid project.
Rob Slaver explained that a bridge can be classified as structurally deficient but not be programmed in the TIP because the sufficiency rating does not allow for federal funds to be expended.
John Thomas suggested the possibility of having a circuit rider-type position that could assist communities with determining whether or not and what type of improvements could or should be scheduled.
David Woods stated that providing technical assistance to further evaluate bridge conditions and improvements would be useful.
Richard Perrin stated that the issues raised need to be communicated to the Board at the next meeting so that we can assure them to the degree possible at this time that the regions bridges are safe.
October 18, 2007 RGRTA

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Artists A-D
Artists E-H
Artists I-L
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Martika - More Than You Know (1988)
80's score: 1.26
Genre(s): Freestyle / Dance pop
More of: Martika
Find this song on:
"More Than You Know" is the first single released from Martika's eponymous debut album. "More Than You Know" debuted on the ...
"More Than You Know" is the first single released from Martika's eponymous debut album. "More Than You Know" debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 on the chart dated December 24, 1988, and peaked at #18. The single was re-released in Europe and Australasia in January 1990, and reached the top 40 in the UK (#15), Ireland, and Australia.
Martika - Toy Soldiers (1989)
Martika - I Feel The Earth Move (1989)
Shannon - Let The Music Play (1983)
Nu Shooz - I Can't Wait (1985)
Samantha Fox - Naughty Girls Need Love Too (1987)
Boris Gardiner - I Want To Wake Up With You' (1986)
Kim Wilde - The Touch (1984)
Bruce Springsteen - Brilliant Disguise (1987)
Kate Bush - The Big Sky (1986)
INXS - The One Thing (1982)
Kool & The Gang - Misled (1984)
U2 - One Tree Hill (1988)
David Bowie - Let's Dance (1983)
Real Life - Send me an angel (1983)
Ambrosia - You're The Only Woman (1980)
Yes - Love Will Find A Way (1987)
Luther Vandross - Never Too Much (1981)
ABC - Tears Are Not Enough (1981)
I love 80's Music.com is all about the music from the 80's. We list 1659 music videos and 476 artists.
© 1980-1989 / 2020-2022 - I Love 80's Music


CM Punk hasn't exactly been heavily in the public eye since his UFC loss at UFC 203 last September.
In a now-rare interview with Windy City Live, Punk opened up to Windy City Live about his original pro wrestling aspirations, as well as his MMA career. Despite a storied wrestling career, the former WWE Champion Punk can't remember exactly when his dream to achieve began.
"I'm not sure. Obviously, I watched WWF as a kid, but when I made the conscious decision - WWF was never the end goal. I romanticized about Japanese wrestling. There was two companies in Japan, it was called All Japan and New Japan, and that was my thing. I was more about going over there and being a star over there, then coming home and just being completely - you can walk down the street and nobody knows you. That was my style, I liked it. But I worked so long and hard at it that it became so boring, it became the last frontier was WWE. I had to go see if I could conquer that so I gave it a shot," said Punk.
Punk's debut fight against Mickey Gall didn't go exactly as planned. After training at Roufusport for over a year, Punk lost his first fight to Mickey Gall in just over two minutes.
"It's all tough. I was a wrestler throwing myself to the ground 300 days a year, now I'm more focused on different disciplines and I get to sleep in my own bed every night. Isn't that great though? To me, there's something so romantic about that. You walk into a cage and there's a winner and a loser. People can make excuses but at the end of the day, there's a winner and a loser. I think in this world, because in my opinion you only get one time around, if you're scared of something I think it's best to face it head on. I'm comfortable with being uncomfortable," Punk said.
Punk has no date set for his second fight.


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Rumor of the Day: Matthew McConaughey courted for Marvel big bad
Don Kaye
May 21, 2015, 10:58 AM EDT (Updated)
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Oscar-winning actor Matthew McConaughey said recently that he's read some superhero movie scripts, and one source claims to know what role he's been approached for.
Point Of Geeks reports via private sources that Marvel wants McConaughey to play Norman Osborn, aka the Green Goblin, in its upcoming Spider-Man reboot.
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Getting an actor of McConaughey's caliber for a juicy villain role would be a major coup for Marvel and would only add to the roster of Oscar winners who have showed up in the studio's films, including Anthony Hopkins, Natalie Portman, Robert Redford and Michael Douglas. So it's clear to see why Marvel would love to land him.
On the other hand, it seems odd that Marvel would return to Osborn again so soon as a villain. He was the Big Bad in the original 2002 Spider-Man -- in which he was played by Willem Dafoe -- and showed up in a rather bungled cameo in The Amazing Spider-Man 2, in which Chris Cooper took the role. A version of Osborn that's closer to the current comics has yet to appear onscreen, but it still might be too soon to use him, especially since other major villains like Mysterio and Kraven have yet to be tapped.
As for McConaughey himself, he seems willing to appear in a superhero film and told Variety last week that he's had contact with both Marvel and DC:
"I've read some Marvel and DC scripts and I've talked about working with them on some scripts, none of which I'll share with with you what they are -- or were. Yeah, I've circled some of those. Nothing has been right for me yet. But I'm sure open to it."
This is the first we've heard from this particular site, so all the usual disclaimers about rumors and grains of salt apply. Marvel's Spider-Man reboot -- which will follow Spidey's introduction into the Marvel Cinematic Universe in next May's Captain America: Civil War -- is slated to arrive on July 28, 2017. Would you like to see Norman Osborn return as well, played by Matthew McConaughey?


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We are extremely proud of one of our 2011 Be. Leaders who has recently been awarded a grant from the Oxfam International Youth Partnerships Fund to create an international network for young people with disabilities.
Erin Gough, and her UK Action Partner Zara Todd, have set themselves the mission of creating an online forum for young disabled people to share their projects and discuss issues that are important to them. The idea was borne out of the need for a space to develop and share the skills disabled young people need to get their voices and issues heard on an international stage.
The proposed site will run as an interactive forum with the ability to discuss projects, participate in webinars, and share opportunities for other young disabled people. The goal is to create a site "designed by disabled young people, for disabled young people".
In order to ensure that they are creating an online space that suits the needs of disabled young people, Erin and Zara have created a very quick and easy online survey to collect your input and ideas to make it a success. So if this sounds like you, get involved and contribute your ideas via the survey here, and be part of creating this great international network!
You can keep up to date with this project by liking their Facebook page here!
Go Erin - Be. the Change!