text:
Lättmjölk är en mjölksort som introducerades i Sverige 1967 och innehåller 0,5 % fett.
Eftersom vitamin A är fettlösligt, så minskar mängden A-vitamin när man minskar fetthalten i mjölk. Tidigare berikades därför de fettreducerade mjölksorterna med A-vitamin motsvarande mängderna som finns i sommarmjölken. Denna berikning har dock upphört. Fortfarande berikas konsumtionsmjölk och flera mjölkprodukter med vitamin D, eftersom det anses vara svårt att nå rekommenderade mängder vitamin D med kosten annars.

Svenska Livsmedelsverket rekommenderar att man dricker lättmjölk framför fetare mjölk, inte minst barn i skolan och förskolan. Dels för att det rekommenderade dagsintaget av mättat fett annars riskerar överskridas och dels på grund av att den är berikad med D-vitamin.

En studie som gjordes vid Sahlgrenska akademin 2009 påvisar lägre BMI hos de 8-åringar som drack standardmjölk varje dag jämfört med jämnåriga som sällan drack mjölk. Samma sak kunde inte sägas om barn som ofta drack mellanmjölk eller lättmjölk. Susanne Eriksson som skrivit avhandlingen har inget säkert svar på varför, men menar att det kan bero på att gruppen som drack standardmjölk samtidigt fick i sig andra livsmedel som påverkar vikten eller att gruppen som inte drack standardmjölk istället drack mer läsk.

Till matlagning och bakning lämpar sig standardmjölk och mellanmjölk bättre.

I Norge kallas motsvarigheten till lättmjölk för ekstra lett melk (extra lätt mjölk). Den innehåller 0,5–0,7% fett och är berikad med vitamin D. I Finland innehåller lättmjölken 1,5 % fett. Dessutom finns det en variant med 1,0 % fett som kallas för ettans mjölk.

Näringsvärde
Per 100 g
Energivärde 160 kJ/40 kcal
Protein 3,4 g
Kolhydrat 5 g
Fett 0,5 g
Vitamin A 25-30 µg 3-4 % av RDI
Vitamin D 0,38 µg 8 % av RDI
Riboflavin 0,14 mg 9 % av RDI
Vitamin B12 0,4 µg 40 % av RDI
Kalcium 120 mg 15 % av RDI
Jod 14 µg 9 % av RDI

Historik
1967 - Lättmjölken lanseras och ersätter den tidigare skummjölken.
1985 - Arla introducerar färgkoder för olika sorters mjölk: blå för lättmjölk, grön för mellanmjölk, röd för standardmjölk. Andra mejerier kan ha andra färger.

Källor

Mjölk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
What is the Filter Thread Size of Samyang T-S 24mm f3.5 ED AS UMC
The filter thread size of Samyang T-S 24mm f3.5 ED AS UMC is 82mm.
Read our detailed Samyang T-S 24mm f3.5 ED AS UMC Review
Samyang T-S 24mm f3.5 ED AS UMC Alternatives in Sony Alpha Mount
Sony 20mm F2.8 20mm F2.8 285gr AF $748.00
Compare with Samyang T-S 24mm f3.5 ED AS UMC
Sony 24mm F2 SSM Carl Zeiss Distagon T 24mm F2.0 555gr AF $1,398.00
Samyang 24mm f1.4 ED AS UMC 24mm F1.4 580gr MF $453.98
Schneider PC-Super-Angulon 28mm f2.8 28mm F2.8 565gr MF $0.00
Sigma 20mm F1.8 EX DG Aspherical RF 20mm F1.8 520gr AF $404.99
Sigma 24mm F1.8 EX DG Aspherical Macro 24mm F1.8 485gr AF $289.99
Rokinon 24mm f1.4 Aspherical 24mm F1.4 580gr MF $479.00
Rokinon T-S 24mm f3.5 ED AS UMC 24mm F3.5 680gr MF $797.40
Other Frequently Asked Questions about Samyang T-S 24mm f3.5 ED AS UMC
is the Samyang T-S 24mm f3.5 ED AS UMC a Weather Sealed lens?
What is the Minimum Focusing Distance of Samyang T-S 24mm f3.5 ED AS UMC
is the Samyang T-S 24mm f3.5 ED AS UMC an Autofocus (AF) lens?
About Feedback Privacy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Dodgers Notes from Spring Training- Day 25
Throughout Spring Training the Dodgers PR department sends out helpful daily notes from Camelback Ranch, and I am happy to pass them along.
San Francisco Giants (11-4-2) at LOS ANGELES DODGERS (8-4-2)
Saturday, March 17, 2012 – 7:05 p.m., Camelback Ranch - Glendale
RHP Aaron Harang vs. LHP Brian Burres
Spring Game 15/Home Game 7
Todays Starting Lineup:
Dodgers: Sellers 3B, DeJesus 2B, Kemp CF, Rivera LF, Sands RF, Loney 1B, Cruz SS, Treanor C, Harang P, Scully announcer
Giants:
Upcoming Spring Training Schedule:
(Photo Credit: Jon SooHoo/ LA Dodgers 2012)
CACTUS LEAGUE HEAVIES: Two of the Cactus League's best will be on display tonight as a split-squad of Dodgers takes on a split-squad of Giants this evening at Camelback Ranch – Glendale. This will be the second of three meetings with the Giants this spring as the Dodgers will head to Scottsdale on Wednesday, March 28. During the regular season, the Giants and Dodgers clash 18 times, with the first series coming from May 7-9 at Dodger Stadium. The clubs meet six times in September, including the final three games at Chavez Ravine from Oct. 1-3.
HURLERS: Right-hander Aaron Harang takes the mound for his third start of the spring season today after firing 3.0 innings and allowing one run in a victory over the Angels in Tempe last Monday. Harang is coming off one of the best seasons of his 10-year big league career after leading the Padres with 14 wins and posting a career-low 3.64 ERA in 28 starts last season. Since 2004, Harang ranks among the National League leaders in wins (85, 7th), strikeouts (1,223, 3rd), innings pitched (1,467.2, 4th) and complete games (13, T-7th). He will be followed to the mound by:
● RHP Jamey Wright last pitched on Wednesday against the Reds, allowing an unearned run in 1.0 inning. The Texas native has given up three runs (two earned) in 4.0 Cactus League innings this spring.
● RHP Ramon Troncoso fired a scoreless inning last Tuesday vs. Colorado and has yielded just one run in three 2012 Spring Training appearances. Troncoso made the club's Opening Day roster from 2008-10, but spent the majority of last year with Triple-A Albuquerque, going 2-4 with a 5.05 ERA in 35 relief appearances for the Isotopes.
● RHP Josh Lindblom last pitched on Wednesday in Goodyear and gave up just one hit in a scoreless frame. The right-hander out of Purdue went 1-0 with a 2.73 ERA (9 ER/29.2 IP) in 27 appearances for the Dodgers last year.
● LHP Matt Chico allowed one run on two hits last Tuesday vs. Colorado and has a 6.00 ERA (2 ER/3.0 IP) this spring. The 28-year-old pitched for USC and Palomar Community College.
EARLIER TODAY: The Dodgers scored four runs in the ninth to tie the game, but lost to the Rockies in Scottsdale, 7-6, on a walk-off home run by Tim Wheeler. The Dodgers have now alternated wins and losses since beating the Angels on Monday. All-Star outfielder Andre Ethier was 2-for-2 with a double and now has seven extra-base hits in his nine games. On the mound, Nathan Eovaldi tossed 3.0 scoreless innings in his second Cactus League start while minor leaguer RHP Logan Bawcom (0-1) took the loss.
HOT TICKET!: The Dodgers' home games at Camelback Ranch-Glendale tonight and tomorrow have sold out. Dodger Special Advisor to the Chairman Don Newcombe will throw a ceremonial first pitch prior to tonight's game against the Giants, which will be followed by fireworks sponsored by Salt River Project. Weather permitting, the Dodgers and the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim will face off at 1:05 p.m. tomorrow in front of another capacity crowd.
POT OF GOLD: The Dodgers enter today's contests with the best Spring Training record among National League clubs at 8-3-2 and have the second-best team ERA with a 3.08 mark. Los Angeles has also produced at the plate with a .287 team batting average, third-best among NL clubs, and a league-best .365 on-base percentage.
AN IRISH GOODBYE: On this day in 2008, the Dodgers played their final Spring Training game in Vero Beach. "Dodgertown" was the Spring Training home of the Dodgers for 60 years.
● On March 17, 1946 in Daytona Beach, the Dodgers took the field against their minor league farm team, the Montreal Royals. With Jackie Robinson in the lineup for Montreal, the game marked the first appearance of an integrated team in organized baseball in this century. More than 40 years later, the field was renamed Jackie Robinson Ballpark.
GOING GREEN: The Dodgers will wear green jerseys and hats in both of their games today in honor of St. Patrick's Day. Following the games, players will sign their jerseys to be auctioned off by the Dodgers Dream Foundation during the season.
IT'S TIME FOR DODGER BASEBALL!: The Dodgers would like to welcome Hall of Famer broadcaster Vin Scully to Camelback Ranch – Glendale. Scully will call tonight's game against the Giants on PRIME TICKET and tomorrow's contest against the Angels on KCAL 9 as he kicks off his 63rd season broadcasting the Dodgers.
SURE TO KICK OFF A MANIA!: Fernando Valenzuela made his first appearance of the spring at Camelback Ranch yesterday and will join Hall of Famer Jaime Jarrin and Pepe Yniguez in the booth for Dodgers' Spanish Radio broadcasts tonight and tomorrow. This weekend also marks the club's fifth annual Mexican Media Weekend with representatives from ZETA, TV Azteca, Sintesis TV and Puro Beisbol making the trip to Glendale to cover the Dodgers.
ANOTHER REASON TO CELEBRATE: The Dodgers would like to wish a very happy 41st birthday to Special Assistant to the GM, Bill Mueller! The former AL batting champion enters his seventh season in the Dodger front office and sixth as a Special Assistant.
By ernest at Saturday, March 17, 2012
Labels: Aaron Harang, Andre Ethier, Bill Mueller, Don Newcombe, Eovaldi, Fernando Valenzuela, Jackie Robinson, Jaime Jarrin, James Loney, Josh Lindblom, Logan Bawcom, Ramon Troncoso, Spring Training
eBay: A Vintage Dodgers Patch
Collection: Mauty Wills Greats of the Game Autograph


All Rinehart Leather accessories are made to order and are handcrafted from fine American heavy leather. Hand cut and dyed in custom color, our wallets are hand tooled, painted, and sewn.
All Rinehart Leather Wallets are made from American materials. From the heavy leather, to the thread, dye and oil, we support the USA!


The TJA1046V is a dual high-speed CAN transceiver that provides two interfaces between a Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol controller and the physical two-wire CAN-bus. It is composed of two fully independent TJA1044V transceivers.
The transceivers are designed for high-speed CAN applications in the automotive industry, providing the differential transmit and receive capability to (a microcontroller with) a CAN protocol controller.
The TJA1046V guarantees robust communication at data rates up to 5 Mbit/s as used in, for example, CAN FD networks. The TJA1046V offers a feature set optimized for 12 V automotive applications and excellent ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) performance.
Ideal passive behavior to the CAN-bus when the supply voltage is off.
A very low-current Standby mode with bus wake-up capability.
Excellent EMC performance at speeds up to 500 kbit/s, even without a common mode choke.
Fully ISO 11898-2:2016 and SAE J2284-1 to SAE J2284-5 compliant.
Certified according to latest VeLIO (Vehicle LAN Interoperability and Optimization) test requirements.
Timing guaranteed for data rates up to 5 Mbit/s.
Improved TXD to RXD propagation delay of 210 ns.
Very low-current Standby mode with host and bus wake-up capability.
Optimized for use in 12 V automotive systems.
High ESD handling capability on the bus pins (8 kV IEC and HBM).
Bus pins protected against transients in automotive environments.
Undervoltage detection on VCCx pins.


This website is operated by Fatte Bikes. Throughout the site, the terms "we", "us" and "our" refer to Fatte Bikes. Fatte Bikes offers this website, including all information, tools and services available from this site to you, the user, conditioned upon your acceptance of all terms, conditions, policies and notices stated here.
Before a return is sent, the customer must have written approval of said return from FattE-Bikes. If a customer sends a return without the written consent of FattE-Bikes a refund will not be issued and the customer will have to pay shipping to get the item returned, or, sacrifice the item.If your approved return passes our inspection, you may receive an exchange, store credit, or a refund.
If non-returnable items are returned without authorization from our Customer Experience team, they will be returned to the customer immediately and customer will be notified. Restocking fees may apply to unauthorized returns.
If you are approved, then your refund, exchange or store credit will be processed. For refunds, a credit will automatically be applied to your credit card or original method of payment, within 2-5 days. Returns received Friday-Sunday will ship out Monday. If a store credit is requested, a promo code will be issued to you via email. Your store credit is easily applied during checkout of your next order.
There are no returns for items on sale. All sale items are final sale, no refunds, exchanges or credits of any kind. If sale items are returned without authorization from our customer service, it will be returned to the customer immediately and customer will be notified. Restocking fees may apply to unauthorized returns.
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With summer here, doesn't anything citrusy sound superb?
The citrus marinade keeps the chicken light and juicy, and adds a hint of sweetness.
It's so easy, too. Just whisk the ingredients together, and then marinate the chicken in the refrigerator for a few hours (I use a Ziplock bag for easy clean up).
Then pop it on the grill (or your grill pan) until cooked through!
You can serve the chicken plain, or with lemon-tarragon sauce or cilantro-lime sauce. Or slice it up and spread it over a salad. Or toss it into tortillas for tacos. Really, the possibilities are endless . . . and oh, if only summer was, too!
Whisk the ingredients together in a bowl. Use to marinate chicken in the refrigerator for 3-4 hours. Discard marinade when through.


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GIBBON, BENJAMIN PHELPS (1802 - 1851), line-engraver
Name: Benjamin Phelps Gibbon
Parent: Jane Gibbon
Parent: Benjamin Gibbon
Occupation: line-engraver
son of Benjamin Gibbon, vicar of Penally, Pembrokeshire, and Jane his wife, was born in 1802. He was educated at the Clergy Orphan school and learned engraving under Edward Scriven and J. H. Robinson. He engraved several works after Edwin Landseer and among his engraved portraits is one of queen Victoria after William Fowler. A delicacy of touch distinguished his works, but they are not now much in demand. Gibbon died in London 28 July 1851.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography;
Slater and Maxwell-Barbour, Engravings and their value a guide for the print collector (1900), 341.
Wikipedia Article: Benjamin Phelps Gibbon
Ellis, M., (1959). GIBBON, BENJAMIN PHELPS (1802 - 1851), line-engraver. Dictionary of Welsh Biography. Retrieved 18 Jul 2019, from https://biography.wales/article/s-GIBB-PHE-1802


text:
Saint Jerome
Be ever engaged, so that whenever the devil calls he may find you occupied.
This is part one of a two part series on Saint Jerome. In part two, we will explore more in depth his writings and influences.
Saint Jerome was born Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus sometime in the year 347 AD in the town of Stridon in Dalmatia (modern day Slovenia or Croatia). Around the age of 12, he left for Rome to study grammar, rhetoric and philosophy with his friend Bonosus of Sardica under the grammarian Aelius Donatus. Saint Jerome was fascinated with Roman literature often explored the crypts of the martyrs and Apostles in the catacombs. He would later write of these trips to the catacombs:
Often I would find myself entering those crypts, deep dug in the earth, with their walls on either side lined with the bodies of the dead, where everything was so dark that almost it seemed as though the Psalmist's words were fulfilled, Let them go down quick into Hell. Here and there the light, not entering in through windows, but filtering down from above through shafts, relieved the horror of the darkness. But again, as soon as you found yourself cautiously moving forward, the black night closed around and there came to my mind the line of Virgil, "Horror ubique animos, simul ipsa silentia terrent"
Towards the end of his formal education in Rome, he moved past an initial skepticism of Christianity and converted. In 366, he was baptized by Pope Liberius. After his baptism, he travelled with Bonosus to Gault, then with Rufinus at Aquileia. In 373 he set out with friends he had made in Aqueleia to travel through Thrace, Asia Minor and finally northern Syria. A serious illness grasped him at Antioch. One night, during the illness, he had dream where he was brought before a tribunal of the Lord and accused of following Marcus Cicero's philosophies rather than being a Christian. He vowed to never purse reading or even possessing pagan literature after this dream.
For some time afterwards, he left for the desert of Chalcis, southeast of Antioch to purse a life of ascetic penance. Here he learned Hebrew and wrote frequently to Jewish Christians in Antioch. He was given a copy of a Hebrew Gospel, known as the Gospel of the Hebrews (Nazarenes believed it to be the actual Gospel of Matthew) and he translated parts of it into Greek. After two years he returned to Antioch where he met and spent time with Bishop Paulinus. The Bishop convinced Saint Jerome that he should be ordained, which Jerome agreed to only if the ordination meant he could continue his ascetic life and that no priestly duties would be pressed upon him.
For the next three years he travelled to Constantinople and studied under Saint Gregory of Nazianzus. Here is knowledge and mastery of Greek was truly grasped and he began translating sermons into Latin. Famously, he translated 14 of Origen's homilies on Old Testament writings into Latin and Eusebius's Chronicon into Latin as well. In 382, he left Constantinople and returned to Rome.
Arriving in Rome, he became the secretary to Pope Damasus I. Under the Pope's urging, he wrote several exegetical tracts and translated two more homilies of Origen on the Song of Solomon. He revised the Psalter by translating passages from the Septuagint, held classes for a monastic minded circle of Roman widows and virgins, and frequently wrote in defense of the perpetual virginity of Mary. He also famously wrote critically of lax laity and hypocritical virgins. He left Rome in August 385 just a few months after the death of Pope Damasus to pilgrimage and study through the Holy Land.
At the school of Alexandria, he spent time and studied with the catechist Didymus the Blind. Eventually, in the year of 388, he returned to Palestine to the cave near Bethlehem (where it is believed that Jesus was born) to study and write. For the next 34 years he produced an incredible number of writings. Instead of using the Septuagint, he translated the Hebrew Bible to Latin using the original Hebrew. This is a truly remarkable achievement, as not only did he face opposition from Christians at the time to do the translation (most, including Saint Augustine believed the Septuagint to be Inspired Scripture) but also because of the lack of infrastructure and support in Bethlehem. Among many, many other writings he also completed the following during this time:
Liber locorum (Book of Places - a translation of Eusebius's work on Palestinian place-names)
Liber interpretationis Hebraicorum nominum (Book of Interpretation of Hebrew Names)
Liber Hebraicarum quaestionum in Genesim ("Book of Hebrew Questions on Genesis")
A commentary on Ecclesiastes (important as it was the first original Latin Commentary using the original Hebrew)
Commentaries on the minor and major prophets of the Old Testament
Commentary and explanations on the Gospel of Matthew
Interpretations on Philemon, Galations, Ephesians, and Titus
Commentaries on the Book of Revelations
Saint Jerome died on September 30th, 420 AD near Bethlehem. His remains were originally buried there and then transferred to the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. His Vulgate (the Latin translations from Hebrew) was declared authoritative in public lectures, disputations, sermons and expositions at the Council of Trent. Many of his writings and letters are also found in collections of literature from Saint Augustine.
Saint Jerome is represented as one of the four Latin Doctors of the Church with Saint Augustine, Saint Ambrose, and Pope Gregory I and is the patron saint of Bible scholars, librarians, students, translators and archaeologists.


Evanston is a beautiful city located in Cook County about 12 miles north of Downtown Chicago. It is surrounded by Skokie to the west, Wilmette to the north, and Chicago to the south. The close proximity to Chicago affords residents of Evanston with easy and convenient access to the city through several methods of transportation including Pace buses, CTA, Lake Shore Drive, and the Edens Expressway. With a population of close to 75,000 residents, many people are happy to call Evanston their home. The median income for families in Evanston is above the national average at over $60,000 per year.
The city of Evanston was built around Northwestern University, which was actually build and operating before Evanston had its name. Northwestern as well as the Garrett Biblical Institute was founded in 1851. The inaugural class at Northwestern began in 1855 and the city of Evanston was named in 1857 before being incorporated in 1863. Following the Civil War, Evanston witnessed a huge population boom in the 1860's and 1870's. During this time, the population of Evanston quadrupled while surrounding areas such as the village of North Evanston were annexed, increasing the size of the city. Since then, the population has been steadily increasing. In the 1920's and 1930's, Evanston experienced a population increase of 70 percent.
Today, Evanston is a thriving and prosperous place to live that offers all of the luxuries of living in a city while still maintaining its independence from the city of Chicago. Evanston is a central location for business as well as providing its residents with excellent public education through Evanston Township High School. Residents living in Evanston are lucky to be able to attend a school that has been recognized as a gold medal school under the U.S. News & World Report 2016 list of America's best 500 schools while also being named the 13th best school in the state. The residents of Evanston are lucky to call this city their home because of everything it has to offer. There are great restaurants, shopping, convenient access to the city, and more. It is clear that Evanston is a great place to live, raise a family, or just visit.
Regency Home Remodeling enjoys an over 99% customer approval rating and is widely considered the best home remodeler in Evanston, IL. Don't take our word for it. View project photos, see what our customers say about their experience of working with Regency. When you're ready to remodel your home, contact us at 1 (773) 930-4465 and get the Exact Regency Price!


Simen Mitlid, a Norwegian singer-songwriter, has recently released his newest creation Saturdays. The song features beautifully dynamic vocals that will have you in awe from the get-go.
Furthermore, Saturdays is the first song from Mitlid's upcoming album, which is likely to be released this year. Mitlid's previous album Everything Is the Same came out in 2017. It featured songs like Vacation and This Time. Vacation, the most popular song on the album, reached over one million plays on Spotify alone, making it Mitlid's most popular song of his career.
You can stream Saturdays via Spotify here. Saturdays was released via the record label Koke Plate.


For as long as people have slid down snow-covered hills on skis or boards, waxing has been about the same: apply wax, glide well for a short while until the wax wears off, and then glide poorly for a while until the next waxing. DPS is changing that with its new creation, Phantom, which permanently penetrates the base of your skis or snowboard for consistent glide throughout the life of your gear, as well as any temperature you'll encounter.
We recently got a chance to tour the DPS factory in Salt Lake City, a facility bustling with activity from about 25 manufacturing employees going about the hands-on and surprisingly manual process of creating some of the world's most sought-after skis. Back in a quiet corner of the shop, though, several pairs of skis sat on a drying rack under UV light with Phantom curing into their bases. That's where we got to talk shop with DPS Product Development Manager Charlie Schayer about this revolutionary new base glide treatment.
According to Schayer, the biggest benefits of Phantom are threefold: pure convenience, consistent performance across all temperatures and conditions, and the fact that Phantom is more environmentally friendly than traditional wax.
Phantom's one-time application process is very simple, and can be done easily at home with only the supplies included in the package, though Schayer said that many shops will likely offer a Phantom wax treatment as an option when having new skis mounted or old skis tuned. Each pack includes enough wax to coat one pair of skis or one snowboard.
After the base of the ski is coated, the Phantom treatment needs to cure in UV light, which allows it to penetrate all the way into the base of the ski. For this process, DPS uses a rack hooked up with UV lights and is in the process of developing a more advanced UV lighting system for ski shops. But for the typical at-home application process, a few hours outside in the sunlight will cure the Phantom. A second application is then wiped onto the skis, and allowed to cure in the same way.
Once Part B is cured, rubbing the base of the ski or board with the included cork and brush preps the surface for the snow. There will initially be an oily residue on the base of the ski, but the friction of the snow will remove it after skiing for a run or two.
Anyone who has experienced sticky skis as the result of choosing the wrong wax can appreciate the fact that Phantom is designed to perform well across all temperatures and conditions.
Traditional waxes often contain harmful chlorofluorocarbons and PFCs. "Every time the ski gets waxed [with traditional wax]," said Schayer, "the wax stays on the ski anywhere from a few runs to two days depending on the quality of the wax and the delivery method. Every time it has to be reapplied, you're putting more of those chemicals into the watershed." Schayer also mentioned the fact that many traditional waxes contain mercury, which can quickly become hazardous to the health of someone waxing skis or boards frequently. Because Phantom is only applied once, and is permanently bonded to the base of the ski, these chemicals do not come off and end up in the watershed.
While ski waxes have changed a bit since the 1850s, the basic premise and delivery method of them has never been challenged. The development of wax has been dominated by the ski racing industry, where high performance for one run in very specific conditions mattered far more than overall performance and convenience. Because of this, DPS began working with chemists at the University of Utah last fall to try to figure out a new solution.
Other companies had worked on products with similar premises as Phantom, but none had any scientific data to back them up. According to Schayer, DPS wanted to change that, wanted to create a product that would actually work for people who ski every day. He also says that they lucked out in finding the chemists that they did, that some of the few scientists in the world who could make this work just happened to live in the company's backyard.
Schayer says that the initial formula for Phantom skied terribly, but they used that as a starting point for a ton of trial and error. "We'd take three of four pairs of skis up to Alta, take a few runs, and basically say 'this version has some characteristics that we like, and this one doesn't.' And then we'd take those and kind of branch off and find the things we liked about it." Before long, they had dialed it in and made it perfect. The final formula for Phantom ended up having a side benefit that they'd never anticipated as well: it actually hardens the base of the ski or board, making it more durable and more resistant to rock chips and core shots.
From a more scientific perspective, DPS built several pairs of skis with a release layer, meaning they could wax each pair with Phantom and then remove the base of the ski to see if the wax penetrated all the way through. And sure enough, it did. They took the skis to the chemistry labs at the University of Utah, where analysis actually showed a higher concentration of the wax chemical on the inside of the base than on the outside. Further tests revealed that the skis performed as well or better as layers of the base were ground off.
In terms of longevity on an actual pair of skis meant to serve a life of many years, that is very good news. Phantom permanent base glide treatment can withstand as many stone grinds, edge tunes, and rock shots as you'll give a pair of skis, all in a single, simple dose.


Sylvain Guintoli cut the gap to championship leader Tom Sykes to just 19 points with victory at a wet Magny Cours today.
Both Sykes and Guintoli benefited from team orders, with their team-mates letting them through.
With the rain coming down it was Jonathan Rea who got the best start, and opened up a gap on the chasing pack before Guintoli moved into second and chased the Pata Honda down to move into the lead on lap two.
Marco Melandri took his time to get upto speed in the tricky conditions, but slowly picked his way through the field to move into second place on lap six.
It took Melandri eight laps to close the gap to his team-mate and move into the lead, before conceding to Guintoli on lap 17.
Rea was unable to keep pace with the leading Aprilias, finishing in a distant third place.
Sykes finished in fourth after a tough race which saw him run off track several times. Loris Baz left it late to let Sykes through under team orders, not allowing the Huddersfield rider through until the final corner.
The race saw several DNFs, with Ducati rider Chaz Davies crashing out on only the second lap, joined a lap later by Toni Elias at the same corner.
Suzuki's Eugene Laverty crashed on lap three but was able to rejoin the race and finish nineteenth.
Davide Giugliano crashed out on lap five and was looking at his fourth DNF in a row, but the Italian was abe to rejoin the race and made his way back up to seventh. Alex Lowes retire on lap three.


Spread the chocolate out on a baking sheet.
Put the pan in the oven and set the timer for 10 minutes. Remove the tray and stir the chocolate. Repeat this process, stirring every 10 minutes, for as long as it takes for the chocolate to take on a rich brown color. I used a silicone 'spoonula' which was perfect for scraping up the chocolate as I stirred.
The chocolate may appear lumpy or grainy at times...just keep stirring and it will smooth out. When the chocolate has become a nice rich brown, remove it from the oven and either use it right away, or spoon it into a jar. Keep at room temperature.
To make the Macadamia Bark, mix the hot chocolate with the nuts, and salt, if using, and then spread out into a rectangle. I did this right on the same baking sheet. Let the chocolate harden at room temperature, or in the refrigerator.
Break or cut into pieces when it is firm.


text:
Justia Dockets & Filings Ninth Circuit California Eastern District Diaz v. Fox et al Filing 3
Diaz v. Fox et al
ORDER signed by Magistrate Judge Carolyn K. Delaney on 12/1/14 ORDERING that Plaintiff shall submit, within 30 days from the date of this order, an affidavit in support of his request to proceed in forma pauperis on the form provided by the Clerk of Court, or the required fees in the amount of $400.00; plaintiffs failure to comply with this order will result in a recommendation that this action be dismissed; and the Clerk of the Court is directed to send plaintiff a new Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis By a Prisoner.(Dillon, M)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 MIGUEL DIAZ, 12 Plaintiff, 13 14 No. 2:14-cv-2705 CKD P v. ORDER R. FOX, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 Plaintiff, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, has filed a civil rights action pursuant to 42 17 18 U.S.C. § 1983. Plaintiff has not, however, filed an in forma pauperis affidavit or paid the 19 required filing fee of $350.00 plus the $50.00 administrative fee.1 See 28 U.S.C. §§ 1914(a), 20 1915(a). Plaintiff will be provided the opportunity either to submit the appropriate affidavit in 21 support of a request to proceed in forma pauperis or to submit the required fees totaling $400.00. 22 In accordance with the above, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 23 1. Plaintiff shall submit, within thirty days from the date of this order, an affidavit in 24 support of his request to proceed in forma pauperis on the form provided by the Clerk of Court, or 25 ///// 26 27 28 1 If leave to file in forma pauperis is granted, plaintiff will still be required to pay the filing fee but will be allowed to pay it in installments. Litigants proceeding in forma pauperis are not required to pay the $50.00 administrative fee. 1 1 the required fees in the amount of $400.00; plaintiff's failure to comply with this order will result 2 in a recommendation that this action be dismissed; and 3 2. The Clerk of the Court is directed to send plaintiff a new Application to Proceed In 4 Forma Pauperis By a Prisoner. 5 Dated: December 1, 2014 _____________________________________ CAROLYN K. DELANEY UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 6 7 8 9 2/mp Diaz2705.3a 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 2


Here is how to correctly add videos to your posts on The Fire Panel. I made this info-graphic due to all of the difficulty people having been having lately. If a mod could re-post this in Announcements or sticky it somewhere, that would be great.
Moved this to the Beginner's Area. This is useful. Good job!


text:
In 2012, New Zealand Geographic broke the story of a secret meeting of scientists in a lodge on the Central Plateau to evaluate the feasibility of a crazy idea. They concluded it might just work. Less than eight years later, Predator Free 2050—a mission to rid the entire country of rats, possums and mustelids—is gathering steam. But why is this important? Isn't it enough to leave the birds to their sanctuary islands? One major criticism of the predator-free movement is that it involves too much nostalgia: that the quest for a prelapsarian Aotearoa is an expensive fantasy. We can't go back to how things were. Change is one of the conditions of life on earth. It's true that we can't return to the past, that the living world is always in motion. But something else is also true: that we value what's unique, that variety is prized over uniformity, that we see a danger in the homogenisation that introduced mammals are bringing to this country. If we leave predators to it, it isn't only birds that they'll extinguish, but the trees those species pollinate, the insect communities they sustain. You can't pull threads out of an ecosystem without the whole thing fraying. The idea of Predator Free 2050 can be simplified in this way: Something is going to die. It will either be possums, mustelids, and three species of rat, or it will be most of New Zealand's native birds and an unknown number of plants and invertebrates. You have to choose. Inaction is a choice. The Predator Free 2050 goal declares that what evolved on this "last, loneliest, loveliest" land, as Rudyard Kipling called us, is worth keeping, and not in the open-air museums of sanctuary islands, but among us. We want rocky outcrops heaving with white-faced storm petrels, and if hitting rats on the head with a belaying pin is what it takes, that's what it takes. Predator Free 2050 has already proved itself a galvanising force, mobilising more than the sum of its parts—or budget. It acknowledges that something within our animal nature thrives when our neighbours are tūī and ruru and kererū and tīeke. Sanctuaries aren't good enough. Something is lost when humans are a monoculture. Sometimes, we just need a bold name for what's already happening around us: a declaration. Great Barrier's newfound Dark Sky Sanctuary status—little changed on the island in order to acquire the label—immediately birthed a couple of businesses led by locals who discovered a passion in studying the stars. On an astronomy tour by Good Heavens, I noticed that all that was required for this form of sightseeing were beanbags, telescopes, and thermoses of tea. It was harmless as a picnic. And given that stargazing is better in winter—night falls earlier, the skies are clearer, the galactic core of the Milky Way is straight down the centre—it spreads the load of the seasons, the heavy tread of summer's tourism. Before that—before the Dark Sky Sanctuary name was bestowed on an island just across the horizon from home—I hadn't realised that the moon is bright enough to cast sharp-edged shadows. Bright enough to read by. Or how many species go about their lives after dark. Humans think of ourselves as separate from the natural world, but we aren't. We're part of it, our bodies perhaps more deaf and blind than those of the animals that surround us, but still attuned to greenery and complexity, to sunrise and the oncoming dusk.
If you take away one thing from this issue's story on fisheries, it's that most of what you hear about fishing is an oversimplification. Claims by lobby groups, industry bodies and non-profits abound, but there are a few voices missing from the conversation: those of the people on the water catching the fish, and the people studying what's happening beneath the waves. It's incredibly difficult to count fish—like trying to count trees, except the trees are invisible and keep moving around, as British scientist John Shepherd once said—so anyone who sounds pretty sure about how many fish there are is automatically suspect. Scientists measure what they can—the number of juveniles, for instance, or the abundance of fish in one area—and then they add fishing data, the technology used to find fish, how many fish may have been discarded. (My explanation, too, is an oversimplication). They create a sophisticated model that guesses at the number of fish. Is the model right? You'd have to catch all the fish in the sea to find out. "That's basically the only way to figure these things out for sure," fisheries scientist Darcy Webber told journalist Kate Evans. "There have been lakes in North America, where they were doing stock assessments of freshwater fish, and then they dried up the entire lake and counted all the fish, and that's the only way they actually ever validated a stock assessment model." Science is expensive, so we only study the species that are important to us—important because there are a lot of them (snapper), or because we make a lot of money from them (crayfish), or both (hoki). That means we don't know much about some fish at all, especially the ones we don't want to eat. "I think when people think about the quota management system they assume that quotas are actually acting as a cap on the amount of fishing, and for many species that's just not the case," says Evans. "The levels at which those catches are set are based on how much fish people were able to get in the early 1980s, not based on what we actually know about the sustainability of that species. "The fact that we do not know whether fishing is sustainable for a considerable number of species—that doesn't seem right to me." In fact, we know less about our seas and coastlines than any other domain, write the authors of the government's 2019 marine environment report. That's despite the fact that we govern one of the largest areas of ocean in the world. There are criticisms to be made of the quota management system, and one of the most important is how it transformed the right to catch and sell fish into a form of property. This means that the commercial exploitation of our fish resources doesn't return a profit to the government, like a mining license would. Instead, the government gave away all the fishing licenses, for good, in 1986. Fisheries debates involve arguments about values as much as arguments over whose model is right. If we want to eat fish, we have to decide which of the impacts of fishing we're happy with—bycatch of seabirds (90 per cent of which are threatened) and marine mammals (22 per cent)? The destruction caused by bottom-trawling? The price of fish increasing? More government spending in innovation or research? Or, perhaps, the fate of fish? "There are trade-offs to be made and there's no perfect solution that would suit all people and all fish," says Evans. "It's just one of those things that's really hard. It's something that we do have to decide what we as a country value most. Different people value things differently, so it's inevitably going to be a compromise of some kind."
Some people at the Department of Conservation did not want us to tell you about the Mokohinau stag beetle featured in this issue of the magazine. This is why we've decided to do so. There have never been many stag beetles on the Mokohinau islands. A lone species has been having a rough time out there, clinging on, somehow managing to survive. Researchers have never seen more than 10 of them at once. The beetle is considered so critically endangered that, in the words of Auckland Zoo reptile and invertebrate expert Don McFarlane, "there needs to be a new version of the word critical". Their plight is beyond critical. McFarlane's enthusiasm for the beetle is infectious. I first heard him talk about it when I was working with him on a completely different story. The way he describes the beetle, it sounds like a living marvel. It's the crazy, far-off relative of the Geodorcus stag beetle family, the wild loner living on a rock in the sea. I wanted to see its knobbly jaws for myself. Then I wanted everyone to see its knobbly jaws. Beetles are the underground workers of our ecosystem, part of the extremely complicated clockwork that keeps our wild habitats ticking along nicely. We don't know what will happen as more and more of these species disappear. We have a whole taxon of Geodorcus beetles that dispersed across the country and became slightly different from each other, depending on the environments they found themselves in. We don't know a whole lot about some of them, either. McFarlane is still reeling from the results of the survey. They'll need to go and take another look, but fellow searcher, ecologist Greg Sherley, is also feeling pessimistic. He's looked for these beetles before, and found them straight away, at the same time of day and year as this survey took place. Beetles take a long time to become beetles: they spend most of their lifespan as larvae, buried, usually in rotting wood. We don't know if any larvae still lie in wait on the Mokohinaus. "We'll never know for sure unless we keep looking, and keep looking long after I'm dead," says McFarlane. Sherley is worried that, even if beetles remain, there may too few to save the species. Those at DOC who opposed this story did so because they believe publicising the beetle increases the poaching risk to it. But it's a bit late for poaching. The risk of theft seems like a good reason to start measures to protect the beetle. Though a plan for saving it has long existed, it is only just beginning to be put into action, and in large part due to volunteer effort. Ian Stringer and Greg Sherley, both retired from DOC, paid their passage on the survey and donated their time. We believe it's important to tell you about this beetle, that it's special, and that it's possible for you to advocate for its preservation. You deserve to know that there was a beetle we could have saved—and that we might still save, if we're lucky. You deserve to know that the cost of conservation budget cuts is paid in beetles. That species are blinking out around us, unknown, unpublicised. You need to know because you vote for these things. In 2009, DOC's budget was cut by $54 million over four years—particularly bad news for those DOC staff who are enthusiastic about beetles and advocate for their protection. If beetles are on the front line of the global extinction crisis, then entomologists are on the front line of budget cuts. Halting plans to save invertebrates results in the least public outcry, especially if no one knows they're there in the first place. Beetles need help, and not only from technical experts figuring out how to get them to mate in captivity. They need your help, too.
A park a day...
We're increasingly stressed, and so are our kids. Their rates of anxiety have surged by 875 per cent over the past decade, and that's just for children under 14. But there's something that can help, and it's free. Nature is good for us primarily because it acts on stress. Earlier this year, United States science journalist Aaron Reuben tallied more than 450 studies showing a positive connection between nature and human health. You don't need a lot of it, either: a recent British study of 20,000 adults found that spending two hours per week in a park provided the same benefits as five. But for those able to devote a weekend to the wilderness, nature appears to act like a deep-clean for the brain: people emerge better able to concentrate, problem-solve, and think creatively. In other words, a research-approved remedy for our increasing rates of depression, anxiety and health problems costs us nothing extra. We simply need to use a resource that we're already paying to maintain for other purposes. The Department of Conservation is a health provider, and its land—a third of New Zealand—a massive therapeutic facility. So how do we get people there? How do we teach them about it? How do we help them use it? These connections are starting to be made. DOC's Healthy Nature, Healthy People initiative, a partnership with the Mental Health Foundation, is a step in the right direction—it's based on the pioneering Parks Australia programme that saw the concept of 'nature prescriptions' spread around the world. But it needs to be scaled up a thousand times. It needs funding, support and other partnerships. Then there's Federated Mountain Clubs, its members overflowing with knowledge and goodwill, but facing an ageing membership and lacking connection with young people. We need better connections between healthcare providers and the people who manage and advocate for our outdoor places. We need better infrastructure to help our diverse population, with its various needs, to access these places. And we need better information about how much our conservation land can help us. Imagine if we designated areas 'therapy forests' or 'therapy beaches' or 'therapy valleys', and there was a subsidised bus that took you there on Saturdays, and once you got there, a track that was good enough for strollers and wheelchairs, too. We can learn from the many successful initiatives overseas. In the United States, the non-profit Park Rx connects healthcare providers with park areas or non-profits that help improve access among groups of people who typically don't go bushwalking or tramping. Community group Unlikely Hikers provides support for people living with disability to access parks, as well as people who feel they don't fit in with traditional tramping clubs. Hike It Baby does the same thing for parents with young children. We underestimate what can be learned and gained from time outdoors. On my way to meet the Rapsey family (see page 32), I hitchhiked to Nelson Lakes National Park with an high-school outdoor education instructor (the lack of transport between Nelson and its proximate national park is another story). She told me outdoor education was falling out of favour among students—the subject was perceived as a dead-end, as fun rather than useful, not the kind of thing that smart kids might do. Nature shouldn't really be an option, but a default, like maths, like English, like eating five fruits or vegetables a day. Nature is the environment that our bodies evolved to fit, not the cities we've made for ourselves. Nature activates our parasympathetic nervous system, the 'rest-and-digest' process that's the opposite of the 'fight-or-flight' one. Our bodies know it's home, even if we don't.
Most people don't understand what a museum is for. Unfortunately, nor do some of the people managing them.
Is this us?
Everything changed on March 15, including the content of this magazine. In the days following the Christchurch terrorist attack, two journalists who contribute to New Zealand Geographic, Anke Richter and Kate Evans, began reporting on the nascent aid response led by members of the country's Muslim and refugee communities. Photographer Lottie Hedley flew in to spend a week shadowing volunteers and victims' families. We listened, and we waited. It took us a while to figure out what kind of story New Zealanders ought to hear—what kind of story New Zealand Geographic ought to tell. It was becoming apparent to the nation that the Muslim community was one we had not, collectively, paid much attention to. Muslims are barely represented in newsrooms or boardrooms or council chambers, and we rarely hear their stories. Yet through their actions in the wake of tragedy, the Muslim community has writ large the principles of the religion for all to see: grace, forgiveness, openness, gratitude. Anke, Lottie, Kate and I witnessed how Islam guided people's responses to an incomprehensible event—just as it had long provided a framework, structure and routine to their lives. Since the attack, New Zealand Muslims have been telling a story about this country that's jarringly different from the one that the majority of us have been telling ourselves. These are the stories we have focused on in our feature about the Christchurch attack. We set out to learn: how has Islam guided people through life in New Zealand thus far—and now? What would they like to add to the story we're telling ourselves about who we are? This is us, we heard: well-meaning and friendly, a bit ignorant, not great at reaching out a welcoming hand, sometimes rude to women in hijab. We can't ignore the negative parts of 'us' if we want to turn New Zealand's outpouring of aroha into genuine acceptance of minority communities. We have to stop confusing unity with homogeneity. We have to recognise that sharing values doesn't require conformity. "When I hear people talking about New Zealand being unified and one voice for all—all that means is suppression, it means that in order to achieve that, you all have to be the same," says Anjum Rahman, profiled here, who spends her time combatting discrimination and division, largely on a volunteer basis. "What I don't understand is why white supremacists are full of so much rage," says Nada Tawfeek, who has lived in Christchurch for a decade, and lost a family member in the attack. "What happened to them to make them hate others so much? What injustices have they seen in their lives to make them this traumatised? We need to look at what the root cause of white supremacy is rather than just tackling the symptoms." As many people quoted in the story point out, it isn't enough to not be racist—inclusion involves effort and discomfort. It involves getting to know people who might choose to exercise their freedom differently. Integration and inclusion are active processes, requiring participation from all. Like Haji-Daoud Nabi, we all have the responsibility to say, "Hello, brother. Hello, sister." Our refugee community is particularly good at this. In the wake of the tragedy, volunteers flew to Christchurch from other parts of the country to help. Many carried with them a shared understanding of trauma. One person featured in our story, former refugee Yobi Rajaratnam, arrived in Auckland five years ago after fleeing Sri Lanka in a people-smuggler's boat. "Our dictionary is the longest," he wrote of his experience as a refugee: the entries for 'terror' and 'loss' and 'sadness' are extensive. He flew to Christchurch to help others navigate their rapidly-expanding dictionaries: new emotions, new grief, new words. By listening, we can tell a story about ourselves that's truer. A story that doesn't leave anyone out.
The great reckoning
The science of human endurance is fascinating because it is so little understood, so variable, and because excelling at a monumental task isn't simply a matter of physical strength. "If races were really just plumbing contests—tests of whose pipes could deliver the most oxygen and pump the most blood—they would be boringly deterministic," writes Alex Hutchinson in Endure: Mind, Body and the Curiously Elastic Limits of Human Performance. "You race once, and you know your limits. But that's not how it works." After 24 hours of physical exertion, it isn't baseline strength that matters as much as mental fortitude, and grit is equally available to both sexes. The same weekend as the Revenant ultra run featured in this issue took place, a British woman, Jasmine Paris, won a 431-kilometre mountain race along the Pennine Way between England and Scotland. (Her time of 83 hours, 12 minutes set a new course record.) Viewing the Revenant in person involved a lot of waiting on tussock-clad hillsides, but I was enthralled, fully invested in the success or failure of 21 people I'd only just met. An ultra runner requires the qualities we most admire about the New Zealand psyche—they are proto-New Zealanders. We value effort when no one's watching. We value persistence over talent, and across extremely long distances, sheer stubbornness—call it bloody-mindedness—is what prevails. We value toughness, the kind that can't be built in gyms or isolated by sports scientists. We value capability and self-sufficiency. In the Revenant, runners figure out a route across trackless land, face up to the elements, judge the time from the setting of the moon or the rising of the sun. They cannot receive any help. "It comes down to the ability to keep going at any pace," says Dave Viitakangas, who is on the cover of this issue. (He completed a full loop of the course, despite an injury.) Ultra running prompts us to ask the question: how would we fare if it was only our mental strength on the line? The pursuit of that great reckoning of psychological fortitude is what draws people in increasing numbers to marathons, to long missions in the hills. "When you are by yourself and you know that you are the only one that you can rely on, I feel like that's when you are the sharpest as a human being," said one of the Revenant runners, United States Navy SEAL Chadd Wright, in a Trail Runner Nation podcast after the race. "When you can't look to someone else to have that courage in a moment of weakness and you're by yourself and you know your only option is to rely on yourself—at times you can be sharper at that point than you would be within a group." Wright raced in a team of two, but the pair of them experienced a moment of intense isolation. Emerging after nearly 30 hours from a psychologically difficult section of the course, his teammate wondered about contacting the race organisers to let them know where they were. The realisation dawned on Wright: "No one cares where we are." Acknowledging it was a form of liberation: returning to home base was entirely up to him, and when he finally arrived back, the achievement would be entirely his. That's the whole purpose of the Revenant. Here, the only race takes place within. Sure, the Revenant has its critics—too long, too hard, inspires people to do dangerous things. And why create an event where you expect everyone to lose, anyway? "If you're going to face a real challenge, it has to be a real challenge," said Gary Cantrell, the founder of the Barkley Marathons, a difficult ultra race in Tennessee. The Barkley has become legendary, attracting documentary crews, as well as news coverage every time it's run, even though most years, no one finishes. Cantrell started the Barkley for one reason entirely: "You can't accomplish anything without the possibility of failure."
Vanishing into something better
Mary Oliver showed us how to look at what's around us.
Ignorance is arrogance
Science denial, like so much brash narcissism, may actually be a cry for help.
Celebrating catastrophe
Here's a story: a naval vessel arrives in a foreign land, scopes it out, stakes a claim. Its crew is armed. They murder some of the local people and steal their goods. We would usually call this an act of war. In New Zealand, we call it an encounter. On October 6, 2019, it will be 250 years since Royal Navy Lieutenant James Cook first sighted Aotearoa, and commemorations of his visit will be taking place throughout the year. The government will spend $13.5 million on marking this through a program called Tuia Encounters 250, and a further $9 million will be provided for community events through the Lotteries Grants Board. Using the word 'encounters' to describe the first meetings of British and Māori is a euphemism—a poor substitute for the enormity of what took place. We need to find better words to describe what happened. We need to be honest about the nature of the Endeavour's mission—to take possession of land and expand the British Empire—and the impact that it had. We have the text of the secret orders that Cook unsealed in 1769, after observing the transit of Venus near Tahiti. (In summary: "Go find Australia, see if it's got anything valuable, and claim any islands you stop at on the way.") This obfuscation discredits New Zealanders. It treats Pākehā as though they are too fragile to cope with remembering the violence that accompanied British migration. Māori don't have a choice whether to remember this violence or not—the ripples of it are still part of people's lives. The bloodless word 'encounter' turns us away from what we have a duty to face. When I spoke to Tina Ngata about the symbolism of the Endeavour, she pointed out that remembering Cook's visit in this manner promotes a false sense of reconciliation and unity, and furnishes the idea that we've put all those misunderstandings in the past. (We haven't—just look at the way Pākehā speak about Māori on social media if you're not sure.) Ngata is Ngāti Porou—her ancestors were among the first Māori to meet the British—and is a lone voice calling for plain speaking. "Those kinds of truths really need to be told," she says. "It's not about attacking [Cook], it's not about attacking anyone—it's about telling the full truth of the project of imperial expansion." I'll admit that it's uncomfortable to imagine Cook as the tool of a military, to see his visit as the first stage of an invasion. I much prefer the story where he's a hero—the story that's all about daring and scientific discovery and exploration. That's the one I was taught. But this is an opportunity to recognise that we've only been recounting the Pākehā story for the last 250 years. I'd like to hear the one told by the descendants of the Māori who met Cook. But we need to quieten down the first one in order to listen. As this issue went to press, Ngata was installing an exhibition at Gisborne's Tairāwhiti Museum. It's about Cook's visit, from the point of view of the people who were already here, and involves art, performances, lectures and workshops. It's called He Tirohanga ki Tai, A View from the Shore. It wasn't funded by any of the government-sponsored grants. Many of these event-organising bodies use the word 'celebration'. But I think that to celebrate this occasion is an insult to the people for whom Cook's visit was a harbinger of disease, disenfranchisement, and death. We should be clear: the Endeavour is the backdrop for the opening scene of a tragedy. It symbolises something that we, as a people, never want to do again. The words we should use for its 250th anniversary are 'lest we forget'. Māori have a whakataukī, a proverb, that I think of often: Ka mua, ka muri. 'Walking backwards into the future.' We move forward, but the only thing we can see is the past. We are not, as a nation, looking our past in its face. And we cannot take steps towards a unified future until we do.
To love a land
From head to heart in 30 years.
A soul-force of courage
Eugene Smith and the power of photojournalism.
What's an adzebill?
We've all heard of moa, and probably the enormous Haast's eagle, too, but there were a lot more giant flightless oddities running around the forests of New Zealand when people first stepped ashore, and it's a mystery to me why we're not talking just as much about the adzebill. The adzebill was, as far as anyone can tell, a giant flightless killer in the shape of a goose. It had a formidable beak shaped like a pick, very strong legs, and probably weighed around 20 kilograms. We don't know what it ate, but from its skeleton, it looks perfectly capable of running other species down, tackling and stabbing them—the All Black of the bird world, if you don't count the stabbing. I first heard of it because 'adzebill' is one of the online pseudonyms used by Mike Dickison, former curator of natural history, current professional improver of Wikipedia. "They were just the most amazing skeletons, if you studied bird anatomy—super chunky and robust," he told me. "They must have been doing incredible damage to something. And almost nobody in New Zealand has heard of them. "To me the adzebill is symbolic of the gulf between what scientists know and what the public knows. They were one of the things you would almost have certainly encountered 750 years ago when you walked ashore. And any New Zealand palaeontologist—well, there are about six of them—knows about all the other things that used to be wandering around, that you were just as likely to meet as the moa." Have you heard of the snipe-rail, the owlet-nightjar, the musk duck? How about the laughing owl, the wren that ran around the forest like a mouse, or the other giant predator of the skies, Eyles's harrier? New advances in DNA technology are telling us more about how these species lived (Kate Evans investigates six of them) but all deserve a better introduction to the public in the first place. So it's fitting that our story on recent discoveries about prehistoric birds sits alongside our story on citizen science. Citizen science is about the public contributing to research, but it's also about removing barriers of access between professionals and amateurs, experts and enthusiasts. These days, Dickison works full-time at getting knowledge that's common among scientists out into the world—by putting it on Wikipedia, the free online encyclopaedia that anyone can edit. (Yes, anyone. Including you.) Its accuracy is preserved by the millions of people who act as its caretakers—vandalistic attempts to introduce false information are generally corrected within minutes, if not seconds. Facts must be supported by citations, and if not, they're excised. Dickison recently spent three weeks at New Zealand Geographic, adding information from the magazine's archive to the site. While he was here, he organised a group of experts and volunteers to spend an evening dramatically improving the Wikipedia page about kauri dieback, incorporating research references sourced for our story on the subject. (Creating a detailed, accurate Wikipedia page is something that the government agency charged with informing the public about kauri dieback could have done for free.) Wikipedia is the fifth-most-visited website in the world—when you Google something like 'kauri dieback', a Wikipedia page is one of the first things that comes up—but we lag behind other developed countries in terms of Wikipedia's coverage about New Zealand. We live in a world with all the tools for more open and inclusive sharing of information, but many of the old walls between institutions, professionals, experts and the rest of us still exist. Let's keep dismantling them.
If names have power, what should we call ourselves?
There are some striking differences in the names that we bestow.
What tramping and religion have in common
I didn't grow up tramping, and I started because of a Great Walk. Tramping had seemed like something you couldn't learn about—you had to be initiated by someone who already knew how to do it—but the Great Walks simplified things. I picked the Routeburn because it had the nicest pictures of mountains. I thought 32 kilometres was a long way, and I didn't know what to eat or wear or bring. That trip taught me what I should have eaten and worn and brought. It taught me that 32 kilometres isn't far, that walking all day in the rain isn't bad, and that the people you meet in huts are some of the best around. What I did grow up with was religion. As my devotion to Christianity waned, the time I spent outside grew, and looking back, I can see that they performed similar functions in my life. I appreciated Christianity for the reminder, every Sunday, of what is essential. For the way it brought me face to face with my failings and my values. For the reminder that human connection is fundamental to life. We don't have a lot to remind us of what is essential, and tramping is about simplicities—only after 20 kilometres in the rain do I truly understand the worth of a cup of tea and a gingernut. The outdoors strips you to the bones. It puts a dye trace on your failings and your values, and shows you when and how they emerge. It connects you with strangers—you can't cross a fast creek in a rainstorm by yourself (and sometimes, you just have to wait). In Alain de Botton's book The Architecture of Happiness, the British philosopher writes that cultures create buildings, objects and art that capture qualities those cultures lack—light-heartedness, perhaps, or openness. "We depend on our surroundings obliquely to embody the moods and ideas we respect and then to remind us of them," he writes. "We look to our buildings to hold us, like a kind of psychological mould, to a helpful vision of ourselves. We arrange around us material forms which communicate to us what we need—but are at constant risk of forgetting we need—within." If we're drawn to places because we seek to inwardly resemble them in some way, then New Zealanders need something about the outdoors. Our individualism needs a reminder of the importance of others. The artificial pace of urban life needs the human pace of walking. And we seek those reminders more often in the outdoors than in religion. Last year, more of us went on a day tramp than regularly attended church. We don't have Gothic cathedrals in New Zealand—structures that remind us that the scale of time far exceeds a human lifespan—but we have limestone karsts, coal seams, valleys carved by glaciers, and trees that were standing before the King James Version was translated. According to a 2017 Sport New Zealand survey of 33,000 people, seven per cent of New Zealanders had been on an overnight tramp in the past year. That's more than three times as many people as played rugby. It's more than played soccer, basketball, netball, bowls or cricket. (Tramping skews male, and vastly more Pākehā take part than any other ethnic group.) There are a lot of people who probably would like tramping, but are prevented by circumstance, or by the fact they haven't done it before. So I want a Great Walk on every other ridgeline. I want people going door to door asking, "Have you tried tramping?" I want Great Walks to be cheaper, and I want them to be nearer major population centres. Two weeks before this issue went to print, I walked the southern third of what will become our tenth Great Walk. The track on the tops of the Paparoa Range isn't finished yet—there's only a poled route that would have daunted me a decade ago. On the tops are tawny alpine meadows covered in tussock, the ridgeline dropping away to the sea on one side, the Southern Alps on the other. That morning, I crossed paths with photographer Neil Silverwood and his partner Lauren Kelley going the other way, returning from taking the final photographs for this issue's story. (Lauren is on the cover.) At the end of the day, returning to Ces Clark Hut, I realised my friend and I were the only people on the range. And as the sunlight slanted low over the ocean, turning the tussock into spun gold, I felt terrifically wealthy, then greedy, that we were the only people there to see it.
A third place
Our towns and cities are lacking something important, and I was reminded of this during a recent visit to Hong Kong. There, senior citizens fill the social niche that teenagers do in Auckland. They loiter in the local square with their mates, laughing raucously. When they exercise in the park, their music precedes them, emanating from tiny boom-boxes clipped to their backpacks. Each morning, I woke to their voices chatting in the street, three stories below, over their first cigarette of the day. This is a city New Zealanders like feeling superior to. "We don't want to turn into Hong Kong," we say, worried about intensified housing. But Hong Kong has something we don't. It has elderly people hanging out in public, everywhere you look. Its residential areas are packed with spaces for people to meet, gather, and linger—squares, plazas, tea-houses, corner stores, tiny parks, giant parks, streetside seats—while ours are not. And we suffer for it. Ray Oldenburg, an American sociologist, first noticed these places in the 1970s. Or rather, he noticed that European cities had them, and American cities didn't. He named them 'third places', because your first place is your home, and your second is your workplace, but your third place is where you relax in public, where you encounter familiar faces and make new acquaintances. These places are cheap or free. They're open to people from all walks of life. New Zealand has a great third place—the outdoors. My favourite third place is a DOC hut, any of them—the one space in the country where anyone is up for a yarn. But I can't stop in at a DOC hut on my way home from work, and neither can the other 86 per cent of New Zealanders who live in urban centres. Reading Oldenburg's book, The Great Good Place, I began to wish for an urban equivalent. "A community life can exist when one can go daily to a given location at a given time and see many of the people one knows," writes another American sociologist, Philip Slater, author of a book on loneliness. When a city has lovely spaces for people for people to stroll in, or loiter, or meet friends—and importantly for our senior citizens, when these places are close to home—then the requirement for one's house to be large and nice enough for entertaining is lessened. And when you have places to meet your neighbours by chance, you can get to know them without the pressure of inviting them over. Oldenburg describes third places as neutral ground: no one has to play host and everyone is at ease. "If there is no neutral ground in the neighbourhoods where people live, association outside the home will be impoverished," he writes. "Many, perhaps most, neighbours will never meet, to say nothing of associate, for there is no place for them to do so." Why is all of this important? Because a third of us said we were lonely in the 2014 census, and one in five of us will seek treatment this year for depression or anxiety. And because our cities aren't bolstering one of the most significant aspects of mental health: a sense of community. Yet we blame this lack of community upon ourselves—we haven't tried hard enough to build it—when the problem is in fact the lack of a venue for this to take place. It's akin to wondering why no one plays pick-up basketball when there's no court, hoop or ball. As we rapidly expand our cities, as we solve our housing crises, we have the chance to correct this. We could shift away from the prioritisation of cars as a method of transport, and make our streets places for strolls and encounters. That means living a little closer together, placing useful things within walking distance, perhaps forgoing individual parcels of lawn for large, shared parks. When our third places are a drive away, elderly people are fastened in retirement villages, and teenagers stuck in suburbia. We could treat the city as our living room, kitchen, dining room, back garden and sunny deck. We could value connection over privacy. The tiny-house dwellers featured in this issue are bravely striking out for a new way of life—one where we value the spaces we share with others as much as the spaces we keep to ourselves.
What we can learn from albatrosses.
Good keen birds
We are lucky enough, in New Zealand, to have a bird which runs towards us rather than in the opposite direction. We're so used to seeing them as the local louts mucking around, leaving road cones in the middle of the highway for a laugh, that it hasn't quite occurred to us how special they are. "It surprised the hell out of me that no one was working on kea," animal-behaviour biologist Ximena Nelson told me. "I haven't tended to study birds, because in general birds are overstudied." She wonders if kea slipped under the radar in New Zealand—there's a lab in Austria working on kea intelligence—because they're so conspicuously smart. "There's an element of, 'Why would you look at this? Everybody knows'," she says. "We make lots of assumptions about what's obvious, and when we look into it, it's not." It's hard to compare cleverness between species, because there are so many different aspects to it. But kea have quite a few of them: they've got social skills, which allow them to collaborate with one another, they've got a problem-solving streak, born of their need to extract food from hard-to-reach places, and they're adaptable. Kea are one of the few species to have taken advantage of humans living and tramping and cooking and operating forestry businesses in their habitat. We've given them numerous new sources of food, to the point that some kea now specialise in ski-field or motor-camp foraging, and have trouble finding sustenance when relocated elsewhere. We provide them with toys, like vinyl seats and solar panels and road cones, and they've responded by playing with them. There's a poetic justice to the efficiency with which they demolish the human structures that have invaded their habitat. The more I researched kea, and the more I watched them, the more I became convinced that many elements of our national character are innate kea qualities. We may think we're original, but they precede all our best attributes. They're the mad geniuses of the bird world, experimenting with things just for fun—like the group of kea in Fiordland who were filmed setting off stoat traps using sticks. (They weren't even retrieving the food from the trap—just making it go bang.) They're self-sufficient, and have the air of being able to figure things out themselves—or failing that, with brute force and the multitool attached to their faces. They have little sense of caution, and don't think through consequences, but they don't do anything half-heartedly, either. We should be proud that they've held their territory so firmly, that they announce their presence so raucously and destructively. Perhaps we could grant them space to recover their numbers, safe from lead flashings and stoats. We could adapt to live with kea as they've adapted to live with us—boldly, and with cunning.
Singing up country
The centrality of stories in human experience.
Martin in the mangroves
On February 1, 1968, two Memphis rubbish collectors took shelter from pelting rain inside their compactor truck. Moments later, the dilapidated and defective vehicle malfunctioned, crushing Echol Cole and Robert Walker in its machinery. For the city's 1300 mostly black sanitation workers, the men's horrible death was a spark in their long-simmering protest against miserable pay and dangerous working conditions. Ten days later, they went on strike, demanding the right to belong to a union and to earn a living wage. [caption id="attachment_241440" align="alignnone" width="600"] Bimini mangroves[/caption] Through February and March, while trash piled up in the streets of Memphis, the workers marched to City Hall to voice their protest. They faced intimidation and police brutality. Photographs from the time show wary workers walking past a phalanx of young white National Guardsmen holding rifles with fixed bayonets. The workers wear placards around their necks saying "I am a man"—a line from an address by Rev James Lawson, a Memphis pastor and chairman of the strike committee. "For at the heart of racism is the idea that a man is not a man, that a person is not a person," he had told the workers. "You are human beings. You are men. You deserve dignity." In March, Lawson invited Martin Luther King Jr to join their protest. Now that civil rights, his great life's work, was written into legislation—the Civil Rights Act of 1964—King was turning his attention to the intertwined and inseparable evils of poverty and racism. When he heard that the sanitation workers of Memphis were receiving little more than a dollar a day for their labour, and were forced to pick berries and trap rabbits to feed their families, he wept. He would later say that the question that formed in his mind was not, "If I stop to help these sanitation workers, what will happen to me?" but rather, "If I don't stop to help these workers, what will happen to them?" King travelled to Memphis to march with the workers and address them in public meetings. A large demonstration was scheduled for April 3, and to gather his thoughts for the speech he would give on that day, King visited the tiny island of Bimini, off the coast of Florida. He had been to Bimini before, in 1964, to write his Nobel Prize acceptance speech, and now he returned to the island, seeking again the solitude of the island's fringing forest of mangroves. It was to those same mangroves I came in 2009, while researching a book on the world's fast-disappearing mangrove forests. A resort developer in Bimini was planning to bulldoze a large swathe of mangroves for a golf course. The marine scientist who was showing me around suggested I meet a renowned Bimini boatbuilder and bonefishing guide named Ansil Saunders, a man who knew the mangroves well. I visited Saunders one afternoon at his boatyard on the King's Highway. He pulled the dust covers off a newly finished speedboat whose lacquered sheen spoke of hours of patient sanding and generous applications of varnish and paint. The hull was the deep blue of oceanic water. The deck and much of the interior was the rich red-and-blond grain of Bahamas mahogany, which locals call horseflesh. [caption id="attachment_241444" align="alignnone" width="600"] Ansil Saunders, Bimini boatbuilder and Martin Luther King Jr's boatman.[/caption] We spoke of trees and timber and hurricanes and how mangroves form a living breakwater, protecting boats and homes from storm waves. Then he told me something unexpected. He was the one, he said, who had taken King into the mangroves to think and write. The first occasion, in 1964, had been joyous, and Saunders remembered it well. "Birds overhead, tide trickling by, fish running under the mangrove roots, stingray burying and reburying in the sand," Saunders said. "At one point King said to me, 'There's so much life all around us here, how could people see all this and not believe in God?' Today I call that spot holy ground." Four years later King's mood was somber. "He looked tormented," Saunders said. "He knew the FBI was after him. He'd been told if he came back to the South he'd be killed. He'd been told that many times, but this time it got to him. You could see death in his face. He had often said he would never make 40 years old. He was 39 when he wrote that speech." The speech was King's last oration. It is striking for the way King uses it to summarise his life, as if he knew it was about to end. Today it is known as the "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech, but it could equally be known as the "I'm Happy I Didn't Sneeze" speech. That line came when King spoke about an attempt on his life ten years earlier, when a woman came up to the table where he was signing books in a department store in Harlem and stabbed him in the chest with a letter opener. When police arrived, an officer warned King that the blade was so close to his heart that he shouldn't speak, he shouldn't even sneeze. Surgeons who operated on King later confirmed that the tip of the blade was resting against his aorta, and that a sneeze could well have punctured the artery and killed him. In his speech, King recalled the many letters and telegrams that were sent to him by well-wishers after the stabbing. One letter in particular stood out. It came from a schoolgirl in White Plains, New York. "I looked at that letter," said King, "and I'll never forget it. It said simply, 'Dear Dr. King: I am a ninth-grade student at the White Plains High School. While it should not matter, I would like to mention that I am a white girl. I read in the paper of your misfortune, and of your suffering. And I read that if you had sneezed, you would have died. And I'm simply writing you to say that I'm so happy that you didn't sneeze.'" "I want to say tonight," continued King, "that I am happy that I didn't sneeze. Because if I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been around here in 1960, when students all over the South started sitting-in at lunch counters. . . . If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been around in 1962, when Negroes in Albany, Georgia, decided to straighten their backs up. And whenever men and women straighten their backs up, they are going somewhere, because a man can't ride your back unless it is bent. If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been here in 1963, when the black people of Birmingham, Alabama, aroused the conscience of this nation, and brought into being the Civil Rights Bill. If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have had a chance later that year, in August, to try to tell America about a dream that I had had. If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been down in Selma, Alabama, been in Memphis to see the community rally around those brothers and sisters who are suffering. I'm so happy that I didn't sneeze." It is in the last lines of his speech that King, evoking the prophet Moses, all but predicts his death. There would be difficult days ahead, he told his audience, "but it doesn't matter with me now, because I've been to the mountaintop. . . . And I've looked over. And I've seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the Promised Land." The next day, April 4, as he stood at his balcony in the Lorraine Motel, King was killed by a single bullet fired from across the street by James Earl Ray. He was 39. As for the Bimini mangroves, in 2012 a bronze bust of King was installed on a pedestal in the secluded lagoon where he contemplated nature and penned his timeless words. The proposed golf course has not eventuated.


text:
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Current Affairs Quiz [12th January 2022] For All Teaching Exam 2022: Attempt Now
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Posted byshilkymittal Published On January 12th, 2022 Leave a comment on Current Affairs Quiz [12th January 2022] For All Teaching Exam 2022: Attempt Now
Q1. Who has been appointed as the Vice President of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)?
(a) Raghuram Rajan
(b) Urjit Patel
(c) Viral Acharya
(d) Bimal Jalan
Q2. Name the winner of the women's singles tennis title at the 2022 Adelaide International 1 tournament.
(a) Simona Halep
(b) Karolina Pliskova
(c) Ashleigh Barty
(d) Naomi Osaka
Q3. Which film has won the Golden Globe 2022 Best film in the Motion pictures (drama) category?
(a) The Power of the Dog
(b) King Richard
(c) West Side Story
(d) Being the Ricardos
Q4. As per the latest data by Finance Ministry, what is the approx amount deposited in bank accounts opened under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) scheme as on December 2021?
(a) Rs 2.0 lakh crore
(b) Rs 1.0 lakh crore
(c) Rs 2.5 lakh crore
(d) Rs 1.5 lakh crore
Q5. What was the profession of Marilyn Bergman who has passed away recently?
(a) Lyricist
(b) Banker
(c) Jounalist
(d) Politician
Q6. Who is the author of Ratan Tata's authorized biography titled 'Ratan N. Tata: The Authorized Biography'?
(a) Ashwini Vaishnaw
(b) Thomas Matthew
(c) Yogendra Narain
(d) Pramod Wilson
Q7. The Indian Railways has renamed Kevadiya railway station as ____________.
(a) Biswas Nagar railway station
(b) Patel Nagar railway station
(c) Ekta Nagar railway station
(d) Gandhi Nagar railway station
Q8. In 19th Meeting of National Tiger Conservation Authority, Bhupender Yadav announced that ____________ Tiger reserves of India have received accreditation of the Global Conservation Assured Tiger Standards.
(c) 12
(d) 14
Q9. Which Bank has announced a strategic collaboration with Google to fuel the Bank's customer experience strategy?
(a) ICICI Bank
(b) RBL Bank
(c) State Bank of India
(d) Federal Bank
Q10. ____________ Arts and Crafts Village Organization was awarded with the 'International Craft Award for 2021'.
(a) Assam
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Kerala
Q11. Who among the following has become India's 73rd chess Grandmaster?
(a) Arjun Kalyan
(b) Harshit Raja
(c) Sankalp Gupta
(d) Bharath Subramaniyam
Q12. Which of the following state government declared four villages located near the Nepal border in the district as revenue villages?
(a) Uttarakhand
(b) Uttar Pradesh
Q13. Which Indian Airport is one of the top 10 large international airports in the world that ensures 'on-time' departures?
(a) Chennai
(b) Delhi
(c) Mumbai
(d) Kolkata
Q14. Which tennis player has won the 2022 Melbourne Summer Set 1 men's single title?
(a) Maxime Cressy
(b) Andy Murray
(c) Novak Djokovic
(d) Rafael Nadal
Q15. National Human Trafficking Awareness Day is observed on _________.
(a) January 15
(b) January 14
(c) January 13
(d) January 11
Quiz Web Attempt App Attempt
Current Affair Quiz (12th January 2021) Current Affair Quiz (12th January 2021) Current Affair Quiz (12th January 2021)
Sol. Former Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Urjit Patel has been appointed as Vice President of the multilateral funding institution Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) for a period of three years.
Sol. In women's category, World number one Australian star Ashleigh Barty beat Elena Rybakina of Kazakhstan to win her second Adelaide International title.
Sol. The Power of the Dog film has won the Golden Globe 2022 Best film in the Motion pictures (drama) category.
Sol. As per the latest data of finance ministry, the deposits in bank accounts opened under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) scheme have crossed Rs 1.5 lakh crore mark.
Sol. Marilyn Bergman, the Oscar, Emmy and Grammy-winning American lyricists and songwriter has passed away.
Sol. Tata Sons emeritus Chairman, veteran industrialist and philanthropist Ratan Tata's authorized biography titled 'Ratan N. Tata: The Authorized Biography' is set to hit the stands in November 2022.The biography is penned by former senior bureaucrat and retired IAS officer Dr. Thomas Matthew.
Sol. The Ministry of Railways has approved the renaming of the Kevadiya railway station in Narmada district of Gujarat, as Ekta Nagar railway station.
Sol. Bhupender Yadav chaired 19th Meeting of National Tiger Conservation Authority; 14 Tiger Reserves got CA|TS Accreditation.
Sol. RBL Bank and Google announced a strategic collaboration to fuel the Bank's customer experience strategy.
S10. Ans.(d)
Sol. Kerala Arts and Crafts Village Organization (KACV) from Kovalam was awarded with the 'International Craft Award for 2021' for the best craft village in the world by the World Crafts Council International.
Sol. Tamil Nadu's Fourteen-year-old Bharath Subramaniyam became India's 73rd chess Grandmaster. He secured the third and final Grandmaster norm at an event at Cattolica in Italy.
S12. Ans.(b)
Sol. Uttar Pradesh government declared four villages located near the Nepal border in the district as revenue villages.
S13. Ans.(a)
Sol. The Chennai International Airport is one of the top 10 large international airports in the world that ensures 'on-time' departures.
Sol. World number six Rafael Nadal won the men's singles tennis title at 2022 Melbourne Summer Set 1.
Sol. This year National Human Trafficking Awareness Day is observed on January 11, 2022, which is on Tuesday. The day aims at raising awareness of the plight of human trafficking victims, and promoting and protecting their rights.
Posted byshilkymittal January 12, 2022 January 12, 2022 Posted inCurrent Affairs QuizTags: Current affair article
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UPTET 2021: Important Topics For UPTET 2021 Exam [Subject wise]
CTET Exam Analysis 2021-22 Paper 1, Shift-1 12th Jan 2022


Fall in Montana is full of energy as folks take advantage of the last vestiges of mild weather before winter descends on the state. Celebrate the harvest season under the Big Sky with pumpkins, fresh cider, costume contests, and arts and crafts at one of Montana's many wonderful fall festivals. Here are some of our favorites.
In mid-September, the people of Butte don lederhosen and raise their steins in a toast to fall at the annual Butte-toberfest. In addition to beer from more than a dozen Montana breweries, fest-goers will enjoy stein races, food, live music and even costume contests. The event is child-friendly, and proceeds are donated to local charitable organizations.
The end of September means that it's time for the Fall Harvest Festival and Apple Day at the Historical Museum at Fort Missoula. You can give cider making a whirl, learn how homesteaders readied themselves for the onset of winter, grab lunch from a food truck, and enjoy some fall-themed craft activities.
Every year, on the two weekends that straddle the beginning of October, the folks of Whitefish hoist their glasses to the return of the Great Northwest Oktoberfest. The festival centers, of course, around German-style beer and food, live music, dancing and Montana-style fun. Try your best at one of the festival's competitions, like the log sawing, keg throwing or stein holding contests.
Beer lovers will be very pleased to learn that the Montana Brewers Association hosts an annual Fall Rendezvous. The festival takes place at the end of September and includes unlimited samples of Montana-crafted beer. There is always live music and plenty of grub available from food vendors.
The annual Townsend Fall Fest takes place each year in early October. Festival events include a full weekend schedule of live music and dancing, one of the state's largest car shows, a pancake breakfast, kids activities, and contests like stein hoisting and brat eating. Of course, food and beer vendors are on hand all weekend long.
In early October, birders and nature fans, alike, gather at the Bridger Bowl ski area—and other places in and around Bozeman—to celebrate one of the largest known Golden Eagle migrations in North America. In addition to raptor viewing, the festival includes nature walks and talks, as well as entertainment and educational programs and activities for raptor enthusiasts of all ages.
Once a year, the Bitterroot Valley celebrates its favorite fruit with its annual McIntosh Apple Day, followed by Liquid Apple Night. The daytime festival includes children's activities, food, vendors and baked goods. In the evening, festival goers can enjoy hard cider from throughout the Rocky Mountain region. Live music and food vendors are on hand for both portions of the event.
Every year, in mid-October, autumn-minded folks descend on the Madison County Fairgrounds for the Twin Bridges Fall Festival. The weekend celebration includes food, drink, exhibitions and fall-themed activities that will ensure an awesome autumn experience for the whole family—adults and children, alike.
The second weekend of October marks the annual Harvestfest celebration in downtown Billings. The celebration includes food, drink, fresh produce, live entertainment, and many arts and crafts. There is also a pumpkin pie baking contest. Coinciding with Harvestfest is Chalk on the Walk, during which members of the public can unleash their creativity onto the sidewalks of downtown Billings with chalk murals.
Every October, the Ranch at Rock Creek celebrates the peak of fall with its Autumn Harvest Weekend celebration. The celebration features live music, a barn dance, and even a sing-along campfire. Ranch guests can also enjoy fly fishing, hiking, mountain biking and horseback riding. A menu designed around farm-to-table fare with beverage pairings will be available all weekend.
View more Montana Festivals, Fairs and Parades.


The FIT was introduced in 2010 to incentivise the deployment of renewable technologies. A tariff amount is paid for all electricity generated, with a further payment is made for electricity that is sent back to the grid network for use elsewhere. FITs provide a return on investment and are guaranteed by law and payable for 20 years.
The Feed-in Tariff (FIT) was introduced by the government on 1 April 2010 to replace grant-funding as the financial incentive to encourage renewable electricity-generating technologies. At the time PV systems were more expensive to buy and install than they are today.
is also made, creating further income from excess electricity generated. The FIT has a further purpose – to encourage improvement in the PV component supply chain and to reduce the cost of PV systems to enable them to compete with conventional power sources1. Planned periodic degression in the FIT ensures that the level of support remains consistent with the cost of installing PV systems.
The scheme's introduction produced an unexpectedly popular reaction. Installation rates were higher than anticipated, resulting in rapidly reduced system costs. By 2011, annual financial returns from PV systems had become more lucrative than the government's anticipated 5-8%, creating strong demand and stretching the public budget for the scheme to the point where remedial action was necessary. The newly elected government's rapid response was to make a significant cut to the incentives available under the FIT, stimulating legal challenges in the High Court and extensive coverage in the media2.
This process left many potential PV system adopters with the impression that the FIT was a thing of the past, and perhaps that the opportunity to receive an income from solar PV had been missed.
The reality is that since the initial sharp reduction took place in 2011, FIT rates have stabilised and the cost of installing has continued to fall.
The High Court also ruled that the government had acted unlawfully in attempting to apply retrospective cuts to FIT rates prior to the end of its own consultation period. This set a new legal precedent and reinforced the reliability of FIT income, once a generator has been registered.
Now that the degression mechanism of the scheme has settled, the nature of FIT payments means that returns from PV are assigned as a low-risk, long-term asset class – some investors place the tariff income in the same risk class as UK Gilts – providing a stable and steady income over a long period. This stability is naturally important to investors, ensuring that reliable, predictable rates of return can be achieved.
The amount payable under the FIT scheme relates to the size of the PV system, referred to as the 'total installed capacity', which is divided into a number of size bands. Each band attracts a commensurate FIT rate per kilowatt-hour (kWh) of electricity generated.
The rate is assigned when a system is connected, and linked to the Retail Prices Index for 20 years.
Every three months, for new projects, the tariff rates are reconsidered based on the total combined amount of solar installations that have been installed in a given band. If the deployment trigger level set by the government is not met, the FIT rate remains the same for the next period. If enough systems have been installed to reach the trigger, then the subsequent period will have a FIT rate that is lower.
In this manner the scheme seeks to self-regulate so that there can be no repeat of the rush to install, since if more installations get deployed, the tariff rate will be reduced automatically. If the deployment trigger is not reached for a total of nine months then a 3.5% reduction takes place regardless.
1Feed-in Tariffs are also payable for some other technologies, including: hydroelectric, wind, micro-CHP and anaerobic digestion. Despite this solar PV continues to dominate, accounting for 86% of total installed capacity from 1st April 2010 to 30th June 2014. In the South East this figure rises to 95%.