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NetComposites > News > Hexagon Composites to Acquire Agility Fuel Solutions
Hexagon Composites to Acquire Agility Fuel Solutions
Tuesday, 13th November 2018
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Hexagon Composites has signed an agreement to acquire the remaining 50% of Agility Fuel Solutions, strengthening its position as a leading global gas fuel solutions provider.
Hexagon Composites is adapting its composite pressure vessel technology for a range of mobility and storage applications.
"We are really happy to have reached this milestone," says Jon Erik Engeset, CEO and President of Hexagon. "We believe the timing to be optimal. Fuel price spreads are back at attractive levels, payback times are favourable, and the global focus on the environment has never been stronger. Our combined solutions portfolio and expert teams represent a unique value proposition to the markets."
The increasing alignment of economic and environmental benefits is driving market adoption of cleaner drivetrain alternatives. Heavy-duty truck, transit bus and refuse truck fleet owners are acting on their emissions reduction strategies with greater investment in alternative fuel vehicles and infrastructure. In turn, vehicle manufacturers are motivated to provide more offerings, including bio- and natural gas, propane, battery electric and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles.
"Hexagon has been a strong, supportive investor in Agility for the last two years," states Kathleen Ligocki, CEO of Agility. "We share a common vision, values and strategic goals and look forward to an exciting future together. For our customers, this will provide Agility access to greater global resources and scale across a broad portfolio of sustainable energy technologies."
Agility Fuel Systems and Hexagon's medium and heavy duty CNG automotive businesses merged in 2016 to create Agility, resulting in Hexagon owning 50% of Agility. The companies have delivered more than 500,000 cylinders and over 40,000 fuel systems to customers around the globe.
Agility has production facilities in Salisbury, North Carolina, Lincoln, Nebraska, Fontana, California and Raufoss, Norway with technology centres in Lincoln, Nebraska, Wixom, Michigan and Kelowna, British Columbia. Agility maintains sales offices in North America, South America, India, the UK and Norway. The company will report Agility's financial results as a separate business area, fully consolidated into Hexagon's accounts.
Agility reported revenues of US$157.3 million (NOK1.3 billion) in 2017. The fiscal year 2018 financial results are expected to exceed those of 2017, with a strong uptick in the second half of 2018. The positive trajectory is also expected to continue in 2019.
"This acquisition is significantly accretive to our consolidated results and, accordingly, it should be simpler for investors to value Hexagon," reports David Bandele, CFO of Hexagon.
The signing of the agreement took place on 8 November with closing expected in January 2019.
http://www.hexagon.no
http://www.agilityfuelsolutions.com
Consortium HAICoPAS Targets Innovative Solutions


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The way it feels
REAWAKENED RAGE
BY VIVIAN GORNICK
What is never properly understood by those who do not experience it is how deep the rage over inequality goes once it is made conscious, how far-reaching it can be and yes, how unforgiving. At the moment, the hated imbalance between women and men, the one that all men, everywhere, have exploited for centuries, is in the dock, and women in the thousands have risen up to bring charges against men of power with the crime of having looked not at them but through them for as long as any of them could remember. These women are not yet Madame Defarge knitting at the foot of the scaffold, but half a century of insufficient progress, on the score of sexual predation alone, now fills their heads with blood and leads them to lash out at its ongoing pervasiveness, branding men to the left and to the right with accusations that include acts of real evil as well as those of vulgar insensitivity. As James Baldwin might have put it, an oppressed people does not always wake up a saint; more often it wakes up a murderer.
For many of us, it is dismaying to behold, in a movement meant to correct for social injustice, the development of what can seem like vigilante politics; the dismay, in fact, is being accorded disproportionate attention, as though its existence is more important than what gave rise to it. But if we stop for a moment to think rather than react, we soon come to realize that the courageous demand that begins with a visionary's declaration of rights can, and usually does, descend quickly into the maddened belligerence characteristic of those who cannot stop rehearsing a grievance that feels very old and reaches far into the past. That is the course history has usually taken, and for the moment, we in America are all trapped in its turmoil.
My generation of second-wave feminists discovered how hard it is to build a case for women's rights from the inside out, how few approached with a wholeness of mind and heart the prospect of equality for women. Those of us in the 1970s and '80s who said (and kept on saying) that the subordination of women had now become intolerable were often denounced as witches, bitches and worse: denatured fanatics staring into a vision of the future that would upend the world as we knew it. Our radicalism lay in declaring the risk well worth taking: a calculation society as a whole is never willing to act on; it must be driven to it. But we feminists were persuaded that the American democracy was not only healthy enough but also mature enough to give up the idea that men by nature take their brains seriously and women by nature do not. We were convinced that what today we saw by the hundreds would tomorrow surely be seen by the thousands, and the day after that by the millions. Only people of serious ill will or intellectual deficiency or downright political greed would oppose the obvious. And after all, how many of them could there be?
As the decades wore on, I began to feel on my skin the shock of realizing how slowly — how grudgingly! — American culture had actually moved, over these past hundred years, to include us in the much-vaunted devotion to egalitarianism. However many thousands of women continued to join our ranks, we kept hearing: "Love is the most important thing in a woman's life; that's just nature." "Women can be good but never great (thinkers, artists, politicians); again: nature." "Oh, I get it. You don't want to marry the Great Man, you want to be the Great Man. How very unnatural." "Whatever happened, she was asking for it." I remember thinking: Who says such things to a human being the speaker considers as real as he is to himself? Who tells anyone that the wish to experience oneself to the fullest is unnatural? Who thinks it acceptable that a set of needs described as essential to anyone's humanity be considered necessary for some but not for others? Who, indeed?
I soon came to feel — and I still feel — that social and political inequality is one of the worst burdens anyone can be made to shoulder. The sheer unfairness of it! The contempt inscribed in it. My own angry disbelief in those years swelled until I found myself copying out quotes from people like the Cromwellian soldier who, on the scaffold, said: I never could believe that some men were born booted and spurred and ready to ride, and others born saddled and ready to be ridden. I, too, was now willing to go to war.
It's not necessarily true that only a social explosion can galvanize cultural change, but inevitably, in the face of the failure to act — the term "sexual harassment" is now almost 50 years old — that's the way it feels when that rage reawakens. And the way it feels is now compelling a movement bent on making transparent (once again!) what it's like to live, as a class of people, brutalized or ignored but either way socially invisible.
The silence imposed by that invisibility! For better or worse, only liberationist politics — loud, brash and bullying as it sometimes seems — has ever broken it. The pity of it all is that the silence returns as the inequities once again get swept under the rug, where they fester, and wait for the next moment when the rug will turn into a rock under which these wormlike suppressions have morphed into snakes that come out hissing, should the rock be turned over.
This entry was posted in Gender, Politics, Recommended Reading, USAmerica and tagged Inequality on January 11, 2018 by apciv.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Wojciech Rogowski (ur. 11 lutego 1965) – polski aktor.

W 1992 roku ukończył studia na Wydziale Sztuki Lalkarskiej (wydział zamiejscowy w Białymstoku) PWST w Warszawie. W latach 1989-92 aktor Teatru Dramatycznego w Słupsku, w latach 1992-2008 aktor Bałtyckiego Teatru Dramatycznego w Koszalinie, a od 2008 roku aktor Nowego Teatru w Słupsku.

Spektakle teatralne
 2011:  Kartoteka, reż. Tadeusz Różewicz, premiera 9 lipca 2011,  Bałtycki Teatr Dramatyczny im. Juliusza Słowackiego w Koszalinie.
 2009: Awantura o Basię, reż. Daniel Kustosik, premiera 16.05.2009, Teatr Nowy w Słupsku
 2009: Akompaniator, reż. Rafał Matusz, premiera 7.02.2009, Teatr Nowy w Słupsku
 2008: O co biega?, reż. Marcin Sławiński, premiera 19.09.2008, Teatr Nowy w Słupsku

Filmografia
 2004-2009: Pierwsza miłość
 2002: Jest sprawa...
 2000: Skarb sekretarza

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Ludzie związani ze Słupskiem
Polscy aktorzy teatralni
Urodzeni w 1965

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Essay from transfer applicant is required.
SAT I/ACT scores required for transfer applicants with fewer than 45.0 credit hours.
The minimum GPA required for transfer applicants is 2.0 on a 4.0 scale.
The maximum number of credits that may be transfered to this school from a four-year college: 138 quarter hours.
Minimum number of credits transfer students must complete at this school to receive a degree: 45 quarter hours.


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I'm a senior at USF majoring in PR. I can't wait to see where life takes me!
Johanna MacLauchlan has written 6 posts for The Digital Bullpen
Posted by Johanna MacLauchlan ⋅ December 1, 2011 ⋅ Leave a Comment
Senior Jose Pujols (left) and junior Alvaro Ruiz take a study break to play pool in the Student Marshall Center's Beef O' Brady's.
Posted by Johanna MacLauchlan ⋅ November 15, 2011 ⋅ Leave a Comment
Speech-language therapy has proved to be not only life-changing for patients but a rewarding career for speech pathologists.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, between 2008 and 2018, employment of speech-language pathologists is expected to grow by 19 percent, which is faster than average employment growth.
Speech-language pathologists work individually with patients to incorporate each of their special needs. Patients are taught to improve their voices by making sounds and performing vocal exercises such as strengthening muscles, that will enhance their speech capabilities.
These exercises are helpful for babies who were born with a disorder, or shortly after birth, develop one, all the way to adults who may suffer from a stroke and lose some, or all speech abilities.
Kristen Bond, a speech-language pathologist in Hillsborough County, works at a local elementary school and at a private pediatric therapy clinic.
She works with preK-fifth grade students that are language impaired, speech impaired, autistic, developmentally delayed, ADHD and have social communication difficulties. She also runs a weekly social group for children with Asperger's and social communication difficulties.
In the clinic setting, Bond works with individuals in their home during a 60-minute period. Depending on the diagnosis of the patient, she uses certain skills and exercises.
"Being a speech pathologist has increased my appreciation and awareness of how lucky I am to have the skills and abilities to communicate effectively," said Bond. "I appreciate that I am able to eat a meal without struggling and I am able to tell my family 'I love you' without needing a picture card to prompt me."
Bond said her greatest reward being a speech pathologist is being challenged and having the opportunity to work with a variety of disorders and disabilities on a daily basis.
"It is a blessing to see the progress the children can make," said Bond. "Sometimes it takes years, sometimes it takes weeks. It is a great feeling to give a parent and a child the skills to communicate and eat more effectively."
Posted by Johanna MacLauchlan ⋅ November 1, 2011 ⋅ Leave a Comment
Darla Freeman-LeVay with the Milestone Award that she received for her efforts for MS, last Saturday. Photo by Dorris Lill
Darla Freeman-LeVay has dedicated her time to helping others since she started as a clinical instructor at the University of South Florida in 2001.
Freeman-LeVay attended the University of Ohio where she received her graduate degree in speech pathology.
When she first moved to Florida, she started at Bay Front Medical Center in St. Petersburg, serving as their outpatient clinician. She said she has loved working in outpatient cognition serving all ages and populations.
"I've enjoyed that because I enjoy the diversity," she said. "I definitely enjoy the challenge."
Freeman-LeVay said one of the biggest challenges is keeping up with the pace because things are constantly changing.
Out of all her work, voice disorders are her specialty. "That's my passion, my love," she said. "I try to take what I know about voice disorder and I try to transition that or bridge it or show how it impacts on every area that I work with."
When Freeman-LeVay started as a clinical instructor at the University of South Florida, her first patient was Megan Felder, who was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis at 19-years-old and has been struggling with the disease for 16 years.
"I don't know where I would be without her," Felder said. "She's changed my life."
Freeman-LeVay received the Milestone Award last Saturday at the University of Central Florida in the College of Medicine for her selfless efforts in the fight for MS patients.
Dorris Lill, associate director of community development for the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, said Freeman-LeVay has been running a successful memory clinic at USF for years.
"In 2011 she really stepped things up and became relentless in her efforts to help people with MS," Lill said.
Lill said, Freeman-LeVay has presented at many self-help groups in Tampa, along with hosting the chapter's monthly teleconference, bringing her technique and guidance to hundreds of people with MS.
"I have truly enjoyed working with Darla," Lill said. "The feedback we receive about her presentations is outstanding."
Though modest, Freeman-LeVay jokingly admitted she knows how much effort she has put forth to help MS patients, and she too, feels that she deserves this award.
"You know you're giving something that people are going to recognize, and you know they're going to benefit from, and they really appreciate your services," Freeman-LeVay said. "That gratitude is priceless."
As an MS patient most grateful to Freeman-LeVay, Felder said she couldn't think of anyone who deserves this award more. "She's just amazing," Felder said. "She's like an angel."
ASL increases in popularity among USF students
Posted by Johanna MacLauchlan ⋅ October 20, 2011 ⋅ Leave a Comment
Within the past five years, American Sign Language has become one of the top choices among college students to fulfill a foreign language requirement.
According to the Modern Language Association, enrollment in ASL on the college level increased 16 percent between 2006 and 2009.
By comparison, with the country's three most popular foreign languages— Spanish, French, and German— increased 6.6 percent between 2006 and 2009.
At the University of South Florida, ASL classes fill up quickly within the first few days of the student enrollment period. Theresa Chisolm, professor and chairwoman in the department of communications and disorders, said it is hard to pull data for percentages of USF students alone who sign up for American Sign Language classes.
"The best I can tell you is that we have always been able to fill the sections that we offer, and we offer as many sections as we can each semester," said Chisolm.
According to the American Sign Language Teachers Association, the status of ASL enrollment in colleges has improved greatly over the past few decades.
Professor William Clements said he believes students take ASL not only to fulfill the foreign language requirement, but also due to genuine interest in the language.
"Some minor in ASL, and some major in an interpreting degree," said Clements.
Natosha Faiola, a University of South Florida alumni, said she majored in primary education and took American Sign Language for pure interest in the language.
"I'm so happy I took American Sign Language," Faiola said. "I use it every day with my first-graders. They know words such as 'bathroom' and 'water' and use the signs when asking for permission, instead of interrupting my lesson."
Clements says he loves teaching ASL as his primary language to the students.
"It is my native language," said Clements. "I can communicate to the students via ASL rather than talk in voice so they can't understand me. It is fun to see how they grow of learning in ASL from the first semester to the fourth semester to become a fluent of ASL. Also, it is fun to see different students in every semester."
Faiola said what she loves most about teaching sign language to her students is that they are always excited to learn new words, then go home to practice and teach their parents.
"I hope American Sign Language enrollment continues to grow in universities," said Faiola. "It's a beautiful language that everyone can learn from."
Faculty work in treatment centers to combat Florida's pill-mill prescription drug problem
Florida is the No. 1 dispenser of prescription drugs in the United States, according to the USF College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, leading to the highest number of deaths in the country for substance abuse.
Florida deaths from prescription drugs increased from 1,234 in 2003 to 2,488 in 2009, or 102 percent, the Florida Department of Law Enforcement reported.
The College of Behavioral and Community Sciences at The University of South Florida is taking steps to prevent these sales and the overwriting of prescriptions and illegal drugs in Hillsborough County.
"We integrate everything we learn into the community, so we can help others in the best way we can," said Dr. Catherine Batsche, interim dean for the College of Behavioral and Community Sciences.
According to the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program, bus loads of out-of-state prescription drug seekers make their way to Florida, in a phenomenon called the Flamingo Express.
"Individuals purchase prescription drugs such as roxicodone, at $1 apiece at pill mills, then turn around and sell them on the streets for $30 apiece," said Batsche. "These facilities are multi-million dollar corporations that are set up all over the state giving drug abusers the opportunity for easy accessibility. "It's extraordinarily lucrative."
One former roxicodone user is now helping USF in the battle. Rebeka, who asked that her last name not be used, was addicted to roxicodone and opiates, but now she helps individuals understand how she overcame the battle that so many struggle with.
"I give presentations," said Rebeka. "Many drug addicts will go through a 12 month program, be sober in the program, and get out making calls to get high. Not me. So hopefully I can use my story to help."
Rebeka was engaged to a roxicodone addict. After she gave birth to her first child she was immediately pressured by her fiancé to take roxys with him, mainly because she wouldn't be arguing with him about his drug use. "I guess looking back I always had tendencies to be an addict, said Rebeka."
Six months after her second child was born, Rebeka was arrested. The charge: obtaining oxycodone by fraud.
After losing everything and relapsing, Rebeka started the Drug Abuse Comprehensive Coordinating Office program to sober up. She was placed in heavy outpatient treatment, dosed on methodone daily. "I did treatment with open arms," Rebeka said. "I put everything I had into it."
Besides having guest speakers such as Rebeka talk to students and Tampa residents, the College of Behavioral and Community Sciences faculty works on many levels to help prevent substance abuse in the Tampa Bay area.
The faculty works with the Hillsborough County Sheriff's Office in preventing sales in pill mills and on the streets. They also work with physicians to prevent overwriting of prescription drugs. In these substance abuse cases, unauthorized physicians hand out over-the-counter drugs to anyone who has the cash to purchase them.
"Students are given the opportunity to participate in the evaluating of treatment methods and to work with individuals firsthand," Batsche said. For example, students have interviewed women who have had their children taken away due to their inability to become sober.
The faculty works in treatment centers with individuals who are addicted, whether their addiction is with legal or illegal drugs and alcohol. This treatment opportunity is provided by organizations such as the Drug Abuse Comprehensive Coordinating Office and the Agency for Community Treatment Services.
After an individual is arrested, he or she will attend drug court. Here, the judge will decide whether the individual will enter treatment or go to prison. "This is the most critical point for the individual," said Dr. Kathleen Moore.
Moore, a research assistant professor in the Department of Mental Health, Law and Policy, is also a faculty member who is working with many research projects in Hillsborough County that deal with substance abuse and mental health. She is also principal investigator on three grants.
One in particular, Adult Drug Court Women Empowered and Coping with Addiction to Narcotics (WeCan!) is shared between both Pinellas and Hillsborough Counties, and the Florida Mental Health Institute. "It's focused on female offenders in drug court whose drug of choice is prescription drugs," said Moore.
For addicts like Rebeka, the pill mills make it too easy, but today she is a survivor.
"I became the person I was before the pills," said Rebeka. "People don't understand what it is like to crave something so much that you will throw everything aside just to get a hold of the drug that will make you feel better. Thank goodness, I will never feel like that again."
Professor running late: How long should you wait?
Posted by Johanna MacLauchlan ⋅ October 4, 2011 ⋅ Leave a Comment
After waiting 20 minutes, Brandon Taylor realized he was not going to find out whether his new engineering professor was nice or mean, challenging or easy, because the professor did the one thing students are not allowed to do on the first day of class.
He didn't show up.
Other USF students shared similar situations with their professors not showing up. "The first time that happened in one of my classes, the majority of the students waited for almost 30 minutes, with a few giving up and leaving," said sophomore Olivia Brown. "When it reached 30 minutes the rest of us just decided to leave too."
It raises the question of how long students should wait for a professor before leaving the classroom without penalty.
As a senior, Ashley Cook has only experienced this situation once. "I think the whole class pretty much left after 15 minutes of discussing whether we should or not," said Cook.
When asked if there is a related university policy, senior vice provost, Dr. Dwayne Smith responded in an email, "It's a great rumor that has no basis in fact because there's no official policy of this nature."
He recalled a similar rumor when he was in college. This rumor was "so refined," Smith said, that the waiting period depended on the teacher's rank. "Instructors got 15 minutes, assistant and associate professors got 20, and full professors got up to 25 minutes."
Unfortunately for students, being late or absent usually results in negative consequences. Many USF professors take points off final grades for excessive tardiness and absences.
USF professors are subject to penalties, too.
"Faculty members who don't inform the department prior to their absence could in fact be subject to disciplinary actions," said Smith. "This is especially true if the absences without proper notice occur on a repeated basis."
In many circumstances, USF professors are also professionals that work off campus. Therefore, it is not uncommon for an instructor to be late for unexpected reasons.
"Without notice that the instructor will be late, 15 minutes seems a reasonable time to wait unless the instructor has informed the class otherwise," Smith said.


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Eastern European Movies Drama$post_idRomance Dancing in Water
Original titleBal na vodi
IMDB: 7.7 Views: 4082 Subs:
IMDB: 7.7 Views: 4082
Jovan Acin
Gala VidenovicNebojsa BakocevicRelja Basic
Dancing in Water with English Spanish subtitles is a 1986 Yugoslavian romantic-drama film directed by Jovan Aćin. In America it frequently shows under the title Hey Babu Riba. The screenplay is by Jovan Aćin, from the memories of Petar Janković, George Zecevic and Mr. Aćin with music by Zoran Simjanović.
In 1985, four middle-aged Yugoslav emigres return to Belgrade for the funeral of Mariana, their beautiful compatriot. They called her Esther, for Esther Williams, she was the coxswain for their four-man rowing team, and they each loved her. They'd last seen her in 1953, when they rowed her across the Adriatic, pregnant, to join her exiled father in Italy. In flashbacks we learn the story of their youthful baptism into sex, smoking, rock and roll (Hey Ba-ba-re-bop), Hollywood and Swedish films, blue jeans on the black market, and their rivalry with Ristic, the Communist Party youth leader for whom they had instant antipathy.
Watch online Dancing in Water with English Spanish subtitles
Bald Dog
Khan Asparukh
Dark Blue World
Case for a Rookie Hangman
Dancing in Water (Bal na vodi) with English subtitles
On EasternEuropeanMovies.com you can watch Dancing in Water with English subtitles online. All Eastern European films in English you can watch online on your mobiles (iOs or Android) and on tablets.


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Q: Cannot connect over GameKit I'm having the following problem: i'm developing a multiplayer game using GameKit. I'm testing the multiplayer using iPad and iPod. There have never been any problems to connect these devices to each other but today they stopped seeing each other. When i start peerPickerController it just shows me "Looking for other iPads, iPhones, or iPod touches..." and is never able to find another device. How do i fix it?

A: possible things to look into:
1) is it possible that the devices were previously connecting with bonjour via WIFI (were they both connected to the same wifi access point).. if they are connecting via wifi, open up safari on each device to verify that they are both still connected to the internet
2) shutdown each phone and restart them (this can be a major issue if you've done something that has temporarily messed up the bluetooth stack
3) do you have bluetooth turned on on both devices
4) did you update the os version of either of them ? (if so, gamekit has slight differences in 5.0,5.1,etc)
5) did you modify your code such that your initializing gamekit earlier than you did before (this can lead to the device trying to set its availability before bluetooth is operational)
6) revert your code back to an earlier version, some times you'll find something that seems completely unrelated that is actually causing the problem
in my experience, it will be one of these things

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Waterfront lifestyle with walking trails, shops and eateries. This recently redone condo won't last long. As you enter the home, you'll be greeted by custom Travertine tile work. The kitchen is beautify redone with granite countertops, stainless steel appliances, and crown molding. Upstairs bedrooms complete with spacious vaulted ceilings, and ceiling fans. Agents please read private remarks prior to writing an offer.


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Q: How should I write a copy constructor to initialise another object? Say, as a simplified example, I have a class object House which also has an object Kitchen.
Here is the header file:
class Kitchen {
   private:
       int width;
       int height;
       int length;
   public:
       Kitchen(int width, height, length); // default constructor
};

class House {
   private:
       int houseId;
       Kitchen newKitchen;
   public:
       House(Kitchen newKitchen, int houseId); // default constructor
       House& operator=(House const& other); // copy assignment
       House(House const& other); // copy constructor
       ~House(); // destructor
};

Copying houseId works fine within the copy assignment function. But I'm getting an error referring to House::House(House const& other) { *this = other; } as the following:
error: constructor for 'House' must explicitly initialize the member 'newKitchen' which does not have a default constructor

which I'm not sure about as I thought my declaration of a default constructor covered this?

A: Firstly, your "default constructor" in Kitchen is not a default constructor, it is a user-defined constructor. It should initialize the members, and also I would re-enable copy and move behavior following the rule of five.
class Kitchen {
   private:
       int width;
       int height;
       int length;
   public:
       // Use member initialization list
       Kitchen(int _width, int _height, int _length) : width(_width), height(_height), length(_length) {}

       // Rule of 5
       Kitchen(Kitchen const&) = default;
       Kitchen& operator=(Kitchen const&) = default;
       Kitchen(Kitchen&&) = default;
       Kitchen& operator=(Kitchen&&) = default;
};

Then later your House can use this user-defined constructor in a similar way
House(Kitchen _newKitchen, int _houseId) : houseId(_houseId), newKitchen(_newKitchen) {}

Note that your Kitchen could simply be a POD aggregate type to save the trouble
class Kitchen
{
public:
    int width;
    int height;
    int length;
}

This will follow the "rule of zero" and will be default constructable, aggregate initializable, copyable, and moveable. The same would then follow for your House class as well.


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On Canceling Keystone
Daniel Turner, Human Events | Jan 25, 2021 | Commentary | 7
Joe Biden signed an executive order, and thousands of jobs disappeared. In a more philosophical article, we should determine if the President, or any person, should even have such power in a country that ostensibly espouses free markets, but this is not that article. In flyover states, President Biden's decision actively grew the list of the unemployed at a time of high unemployment and economic hardship. I'd like to ask him: why?
They're real Americans who, on January 19th, had a job, but are now living out the kitchen table conversation, wondering how to move forward.
Every election cycle, we see a standard political ad on TV. It's a boilerplate attack ad using actors pretending to be a married couple. They are at the kitchen table. It's nighttime, we assume the kids are asleep, and scattered around them are stacks of papers and envelopes. Probably bills. The husband holds one up, and they look at each other despondently, shaking their heads. The wife puts her head in her hand, and the husband places a consoling hand on her shoulder. We're meant to feel their despair and empathize. This could be you. Then, a voiceover, either the angry male baritone or the heartfelt female alto, menaces "…and when times are so tough, so-and-so candidate supports a plan that punishes families already struggling to make ends meet." The message: my opponent will cause you pain.
That ad must work because a version of it is reborn every election. And there is an incontrovertible truth to it: American families do worry about finances. A Capitol One survey shows that 77% of Americans say it's their top concern. Now, more so than ever before; COVID-19 lockdowns had closed nearly 100,000 businesses by last fall, a number which has likely gone up. Unemployment, though on the decline, is still at 6.7%, meaning nearly 11 million Americans are without work. The $600 check from the latest stimulus relief plan is a mere bandaid on an ax wound.
Now there's an additional 11,000 of those caricatured in political ads, but they aren't actors. They're real Americans who, on January 19th, had a job, but are now living out the kitchen table conversation, wondering how to move forward.
I talked to one gentleman on the phone. His name is Lynn. He's a 52-year-old man who has been a welder since he graduated high school. He makes (made?) a good living, provided for his wife and children, and sent his oldest to college. He supports his local community and hosts the men's bible study at his home. He was sent home with no new prospects. He is that American in that all-to-familiar political ad. And the candidate who won did this to him… did this to all of them.
Why would the man who campaigned on "good-paying union jobs" eliminate thousands of them, and on his first day in office no less? Why would the man who campaigned on "build back better" stop the construction of something so important to our economy? Why would the man who talks about "critical infrastructure" cancel a fairly routine infrastructure project?
Well, the answer is simple. He's not a man. He's a politician.
REAL AND DEEPLY HUMAN CONSEQUENCES
I'm referring to President Biden's Executive Order to eliminate the Keystone Pipeline, and though my favorite High School English teacher is concerned I buried this too deep in the article, I felt I had to set the stage because this decision didn't happen in a vacuum. It's not some ethereal edict like Biden's order to emphasize race in our federal government. It's not flowery rhetoric like a misquoted and misunderstood St. Augustine line about unity added to an inaugural address. The Keystone decision has real and deeply human consequences, and neither the President nor the media seem to care.
I'm looking for the same compassion for the thousands of energy workers who were given a pink slip by the President of all Americans.
In 2019, Congresswoman Ocasio Cortez famously staged a photo-op outside a Texas detention center, where she doubled over in tears and distress. (The event was later parodied by conservative activist Candace Owens, mocking Cortez for her designer clothes and expensive jewelry.) Immigration policies, Cortez's body language expressed, are deeply human. And so they are.
Our new Vice President, when she was still attacking then fellow candidate-Biden as a racist, attacked his record on busing policies with the line "that girl was me." So profound (and planned) was that line her campaign even sold tee-shirts (before she suspended her campaign before the Iowa caucus, of course, but that's the subject of another article). Race issues, her stage performance said, are deeply human. And so they are.
Now, I'm looking for the same compassion for the thousands of energy workers who were given a pink slip by the President of all Americans. I'm looking for the photo ops. I'm looking for the media camera crews racing to places like Nebraska and South Dakota to interview distraught families.
Unfortunately, their plight doesn't garner such liberal sympathy.
In his confirmation hearing, Secretary of Transportation nominee Pete Buttigieg was pressed by Sen. Ted Cruz about the cancellation of Keystone (since pipeline oversight falls under the DOT's purview). What about the immediate elimination of 1,200 jobs plus another 11,000 scheduled jobs, Cruz pressed, "what do you say to those workers whose jobs have just been eliminated by presidential edict?" Buttigieg replied, "I think the most important thing is to make sure that we make good on the promise of the President's climate vision," later adding, "We are very eager to see those workers continue to be employed in good-paying union jobs even if they might be different ones." Not a word of compassion. Not a drop of remorse. One who could be so aloof, indifferent, and stupid in such a detached and inhumane answer is not a man. He's a politician.
Maybe the pipeline workers should identify as transgender athletes. Then they'd have a champion in the White House.
It's unsurprising Mayor Pete couldn't spare a drop of kindness for thousands of unemployed. They are from the part of the country where the electoral college interferes with the popular vote. (Eliminating that, he said in 2019, is his top priority.) Mayor Pete doesn't want these folks even to have a voice in Washington, D.C., so why should he waste precious camera time concerned they don't have a job?
Maybe I could arrange a call between Mr. Buttigeig and the welder Lynn. Then the future secretary could learn a thing or two about work, dignity, respect. Maybe even Christian charity.
There's something so fundamentally ordinary and expected of these rural, working-class, red-state workers that they are conveniently forgotten. The great anger growing in this country is that such decisions are celebrated or reported as nonchalantly as the weather. Biden probably doesn't know any pipeline workers in Kansas, and even if he did, they probably didn't vote for him. Really, who cares about the heartland? Most of the media is based on two cities: New York and Washington, D.C., and the plight of rural America is quite boring.
"SCIENCE" OVER AMERICAN LIVELIHOODS
Many people have lost their jobs recently. The COVID-19 lockdowns have destroyed entire industries like restaurants and bars, but the leaders who impose these mandates say it's for good reason: SCIENCE. And you must believe in science. You cannot question science. It's also SCIENCE that says shut down the pipeline. CLIMATE SCIENCE. Pipelines are bad for the earth.
We're entering a period in America where dissent is not tolerated and any view which does not conform to the prevailing liberal view
The oil, which would have been transported 1200 miles from Canada to the Texas gulf coast for refining (and then nationwide distribution and put on tankers for worldwide sale) through the Keystone pipeline, will now be transported by rail or truck. Is that better for the earth? Which has fewer emissions: a truck or a pipeline?
Now, President Biden and team will say, it's not that pipelines are bad. It's that fossil fuels are bad. Ok, gotcha. So tell me, the raw materials which go into the manufacturing of "good" products (like wind turbines and solar panels and electric car batteries) are, what? Is the oil and gas and their myriad products, predominantly plastics, which are used to make a wind turbine better than the oil and gas which is used for gas and electricity?
When I mention these things, either online, in debates, or in the media, normally it ends with some accusation of climate and science (CLIMATE SCIENCE) denial. At that point, I know the conversation is over. When you resort to name-calling, you are out of ammo and just want the other person to shut up. "Racist" and "nazi" and "white supremacist" are other words used in that tactic.
We're entering a period in America where dissent is not tolerated and any view which does not conform to the prevailing liberal view-as espoused by the Biden Administration, the tech industry, Hollywood, etc.-is labeled "extremist" and therefore "dangerous." I say welcome to the fascists' party. "The science is settled" were the words meant to end dissent on climate issues long before "the election is over" became the words meant to tell you to shut up and accept the Biden win. Chuck Todd, moderator of NBC's Meet The Press, famously hosted a show dedicated to climate issues in which he said no outside opinions would even be considered. Why? SCIENCE!
If Keystone was canceled for climate change, how many more victims of climate change are on the horizon? This is just the beginning of an energy agenda that will hurt us on so many levels. It will weaken our economy and cost us both opportunity and revenue. It will hurt our national security as America will forgo domestic energy and become reliant on imports. It will do nothing for the environment.
But it's also deeply human. It's families in parts of America that people like Joe Biden claim to care about every time there's an election. It's rural communities from whom was stripped, not just a job, not just independence, but also dignity and hope. It's towns where opioids and suicide are the way out for someone who does not know how to go forward.
There aren't enough of them to mount a political challenge to fight. They aren't sophisticated enough to garner national interest. They aren't minority enough to even spark decent press. And now they wait to be employed again. Soon-to-be Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg said he's "eager" for it. He's not nearly as eager as Lynn is.
What do they do in the meantime? President Joe Biden does not know, nor does he care. He's too busy fighting for the soul of the nation. Just ask him.
The post On Canceling Keystone. appeared first on Human Events.
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kd6vkj on 1:56 pm January 25, 2021 at 1:56 pm
Squid-pro-joe cares nothing for the people and the DEMONcrat party cares nothing for the working man, or what they need, Squid-pro-joe will completely destroy this country and all industry we have, if you even read anything on the website quid-pro-joe will wipe out every last bit of industry that this nation has, he even promised to do so.
ltuser on 3:37 pm January 25, 2021 at 3:37 pm
Even Turuedo gave him an earful, cause of how many jobs in CANADA< this cost, when biden signed that EO..
inluminatuo on 4:01 pm January 25, 2021 at 4:01 pm
Joe should have acted like a true socialist rather than a traitor to his country by just adding a $2.50 per gallon tax that at least would have stayed in America to be used to enrich AMERICANS and kept the Pipeline Union guys in jobs. Instead, he chose the path of enriching his Russian, Iranian and Middle East Lad-Biden Bin Laden buddies and all those hundreds of billions that WE THE PEOPLE will pay in higher gas prices will now go to build Iranian Skyscrapers and fund Iranian and Russian Middle East mischief, probably costing us more American lives in Terrorism. All that oil that was destined to be cleanly pipelined to Texas and the American gulf states will now either be pollution exhaust trucked or Diesel railed down south to the gulf, but the real deal they won't tell you about that Canada and the Chinese are building pipelines to the west coast for shipping Canadian North American oil cheaply to China so they can steal more American manufacturing jobs, while the Biden's get richer on kickbacks. Who the hell voted for THAT?
ltuser on 1:28 am January 26, 2021 at 1:28 am
IMO NO one voted for that. THEY JUST voted against trump!
backpacker on 2:34 pm January 25, 2021 at 2:34 pm
Since oil and natural gas are evil, the White House and Capitol building should have natural gas shut off and natural gas should be shut off to all of the politicians homes. Therefore, these clowns will have no heat in their homes. Maybe the politicians can then sleep in a parking structure. Politicians frozen like blocks of ice, due to "global warming" in the winter time.
I'd LOVE TO SEE all the gas/electric providers do just that!
MadeinAmerica33 on 11:59 am January 26, 2021 at 11:59 am
The act of cutting jobs to American workers shows what a MORON Uncle Joe really is.


I am a gynecologic oncologist and I'm boarded in palliative care. As a result of my training and 20+ years of clinical experience, I feel strongly about caring for the whole patient throughout the clinical course: spiritually, emotionally, and physically. In those 20+ years, I have experienced the end of life with many patients and families. Although everyone handles it differently, I've observed some common themes. It is difficult to stop treatment, to accept the inevitable with dignity, to die "well"—not just for the patient and her family, but for her providers as well.
This past Christmas, I experienced the death of a loved one both as a family member and a health care provider, acting in the stead of the health care providers who were absent at the end of life. The experience of my father in law's passing brought home to me that inappropriate aggressive measures at the end of life are not limited to patients with cancer, but affect us all.
I met my husband when we were freshmen in college, and we spent a lot of time at his father's home together. My husband has a big Catholic family who are all rabid Eagles fans; I am a Jewish liberal girl raised on the Boston teams. They accepted me unconditionally. I shared Sunday dinner with his family, brought my laundry over, watched movies on his dad's TV. When my husband and I were married in a Jewish ceremony in Boston, everyone in his family came to the wedding and thoroughly enjoyed the ceremony and dancing the hora at the reception.
My husband's family, and particularly his father, were an important part of both of our lives. My father-in-law, Ron, was a philosophy professor and a brilliant man who loved to argue (he would say debate) with his children. While he and I disagreed about many things, I never felt judged by him, or by anyone else in the family.
In the last few years, I could tell that Ron was sick, but he was private about the details and I didn't pry. I did know that he had multiple stents placed in his cardiac vessels. This past year, though, there had been a significant deterioration in his condition. He had to stop golfing due to fatigue, and he was in and out of the hospital with shortness of breath and chest pain.
In December, I visited the community hospital where Ron was receiving care; his third prolonged admission in as many weeks. I found him sitting in a chair wrapped in a heavy blanket in an overheated room. He had lost a lot of weight and looked frail. He had to lean forward to breathe. A few weeks before my visit, he had undergone another cardiac catheterization (there was nothing more to stent) and a renal artery catheterization that showed bilateral significant occlusion.
Ron told me he expected to get better and get back to the golf course. I told him I wished for him to get well enough to go home and stay out of the hospital.
I had spoken to his wife on the telephone before the renal artery catheterization. I talked with her about requesting a palliative care consult as Ron was clearly suffering. We discussed the hard questions I was hoping would be addressed. I don't know if she asked these questions. I do know that the doctors convinced her that the renal artery catheterization might help him. I know that they didn't offer a palliative care consultation and I know that they didn't tell my in-laws that Ron would not get better—that his current state was the best they could hope for.
On Christmas morning, my husband and I received a panicked call from Ron's wife. When we arrived, he was clearly in distress. An episode of melena (that apparently wasn't new) needed to be managed urgently. I spoke to his primary physician on the phone, who suggested we bring him to the ED. I asked him if the ED was the best decision; wouldn't hospice be a better option? Yes, he said, it would. In fact, he said he had been thinking about this for the past two months. This revelation shocked me. Why, I asked him, had he not said anything to the family? Why was he continuing to recommend and pursue aggressive care in this 81-year-old man who was clearly declining? There was no good answer to this question.
And so it fell to me to tell Ron's wife that he wasn't going to get better, and that she had to make a choice: take him to the ED, where he was likely to be admitted to the hospital for another prolonged—and futile—stay, or keep him at home and call hospice. I will admit that I supported avoiding the hospital, and for better or worse, I influenced that decision.
I talked to Ron that morning during the intermittent periods that he was awake. He asked me how I knew he was dying. (A good question, but I just knew, an instinct honed over two decades of caring for patients with cancer.) He seemed genuinely surprised to hear that his condition would not improve. He told me he wasn't ready to die, he had a lot of things left to do. (I asked him to make a list, but he couldn't stay awake long enough to accomplish this task.) He said he was afraid. He had only that one morning to process impending death, and he never really got to say all of his goodbyes.
But his family was angry. They weren't prepared, they hadn't known, they didn't realize it would happen so fast. For the most part, they had all believed that he would get better. More than half of them didn't make it to the house to say goodbye before he died.
I was angry, too. I was furious at Ron's care providers that day. They never communicated clearly with him or his wife that he was dying, that his chances of getting better were slim. They didn't discuss quality of life or goals of care. They offered aggressive procedures that were potentially life shortening and unlikely to be helpful, and the family didn't feel empowered to decline. Their approach was the opposite of everything I believe in as a palliative specialist, an oncologist, a fellow human being.
Unfortunately, this type of aggressive care at the end of life happens often. We live in "a very peculiar, death denying society."1 As providers, we spend far too much money on procedures at the end of life (chemotherapy, ICU, catheterizations) that are unlikely to benefit our patients, and in fact are likely to decrease quality of life and hasten death.
Why do we do this? Are we afraid to tell patients the truth? Are we reluctant to admit to ourselves that sometimes medicine has nothing more to offer and that death is unavoidable (for all of us)? Maybe it feels too much like failing to say that there's nothing more we can do, even when there are other options (such as palliative care and/or hospice) that are far preferable to aggressive medical procedures and prolonged hospital stays.
A few weeks after Ron died, his wife called me. She wanted to talk about the decision we made to keep him home. She wanted to know if this was the right choice: if she had taken him to the hospital that day, would things have been different?
I told her honestly that yes, things would have been different—they would have been horribly worse. Ron would not have lived longer, and he certainly wouldn't have died at home, in his bedroom, in his recliner, surrounded by his family. We could have painfully prolonged the dying process, by a few hours or a few days at most, but we could not have stopped it. She had made the right decision.
Here is the fact that we cannot avoid: We are all going to die. Whether we cheer for the Eagles or the Patriots, whether we are philosophy professors or medical professionals (yes, even us). I believe it is fair to say that most of us want to die that "good death," surrounded by our family and friends, not attached to machines in a sterile hospital environment.
As providers, we must take that extra step to be honest with our patients and prepare them for the truth. To do less—to gloss over the inevitable end of life and deny them the opportunity for a good death—is to do our patients a profound disservice. For myself and for my family, I hope that our own health care providers will be honest with us about what medicine can and cannot accomplish in improving all aspects of health.
My pain at losing Ron is mitigated in a small way by knowing that I helped to spare him from discomfort and loss of dignity in the final hours of his life. I am so glad that, as a palliative care provider and cancer physician, I had the training and experience to do this small thing for the man who welcomed me so wholeheartedly into his family.
U.S. Congress, Senate, Special Committee on Aging. "Death With Dignity, An Inquiry Into Related Public Issues: Hearings before the Committee Special Committee on Aging, 92nd Cong, 2nd sess." August 7-9, 1972: 3.


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Measurement of DNA Damage in Bladder Cancer Patients by Alkaline Comet Assay
Jahidul Islam1, Yearul Kabir1
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka. Dhaka-1000. Bangladesh.
Correspondence: Yearul Kabir (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Email: ykabir@yahoo.com; ykabir@du.ac.bd ).
Annals of Urologic Oncology 2019, 2(2): 64-70. https://doi.org/10.32948/auo.2019.12.26
Received: 02 Dec 2019 | Accepted: 26 Dec 2019 | Published online: 26 Dec 2019
Background Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract. DNA damage is responsible for genomic instability, which is a hallmark of bladder carcinogenesis. Cigarette smoking induced DNA damage is one of the major risk factors associated with this disease.
Methods We used the alkaline comet assay to measure DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 38 bladder cancer patients and 26 healthy control subjects. All subjects provided personal information, including smoking history. DNA damage was quantified by calculating the %tail DNA (%TD) and olive tail moment (OTM) parameter.
Results It was found that patients (%TD 20.09 ± 1.67 and OTM 31.31 ± 2.82) had significant DNA damage compared with control subjects (%TD 2.70 ± 0.48 and OTM 9.34 ± 1.30). Besides, patients with extensive smoking history had higher DNA damage compared to non-smoker patients.
Conclusion This is the first attempt to use alkaline comet assay to evaluate DNA damage in Bangladeshi bladder cancer patients. The results of this study may emphasize to use ACA for routine DNA damage detection, which could be used as a prognostic biomarker of bladder cancer.
Key words bladder cancer, comet assay, DNA damage, cigarette smoking
Bladder cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the urinary tract and ninth most predominant cancer diagnosed worldwide [1-3]. BC remains an important health problem as it's occurrence rate is three to four times higher in men than in women and estimated 165,000 deaths annually [1, 4, 5]. BC is categorized to two major groups depending on tumor stage, A) non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which is either limited to bladder mucosa (carcinoma in situ (CIS)-or stage Ta, 5-year survival rate over 95.4%) or submucosa (stage T1, 5-year survival rate of nearly 88%) and B) muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) (stage T2, T3 and T4, representing 5-year survival rates of 69.4%, 34.9% and 4.8%, respectively) [1, 4]. Epidemiological studies suggest that cigarette smokers have 2- to 4-fold higher incidence of BC than nonsmokers [6-8]. As cigarette smoke contains numerous carcinogens including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), aromatic amines and N-nitroso compounds, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are responsible for the DNA damages like chemical change of bases, single-strand breaks (SSBs), double strand breaks (DSBs) and finally lead to genomic instability and drive the tumor phenotype [9-14]. Besides, BC is substantially increased by carcinogen exposed people especially due to xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme polymorphism for example tumor protein 53 (TP53), N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2), glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) and human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) polymorphism [5, 15-17]. Thus, it is important to detect the DNA damage in different geographic region population due to their distinctive combination of polymorphic traits which may alter genetic susceptibility as well as response to drugs, chemicals, and carcinogens.
The alkaline comet assay (ACA) is an effective technique in determining various kinds of DNA damages like DSBs, SSBs, alkali-labile sites, incomplete repair sites, and cross-links both in vitro and in vivo [12, 18-21]. This is the first report using the ACA method to detect DNA damage in Bangladeshi bladder cancer patients and the basal DNA damage of the healthy subjects.
Normal melting point (NMP) agarose, low melting point (LMP) agarose, N-lauryl sarcosinate, silver nitrate (AgNO3), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, USA). Sodium chloride (NaCI), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were supplied by LOBA chemie (India). All the other chemicals were obtained locally and were of analytical grade.
Case - control survey study: Selection of study population
A total of 64 unrelated Bangladeshi individuals were enrolled in this study. Among the study participants, 38 (59.38%) were patients with bladder carcinogenesis and 26 (41.94%) were healthy controls. BC patients were recruited from the urology department of various medical colleges in Dhaka city. Healthy controls were also recruited from different hospitals of Dhaka city where they came for regular health checkup without any history of cancer or other chronic diseases. After getting full verbal consent from the participants, three milliliter of blood was collected in an EDTA containing tube. Detailed data along with clinical data on tumor characteristics and therapy regimens were collected from patient records in hospital. All BC patients were categorized as NIMBC and MIBC. This study was approved by the ethical committee of Bangladesh medical research council under the guidelines of the ministry of health and family welfare.
Questionnaire and investigation
All study subjects completed a structured questionnaire covering information on age, residential, occupational, and smoking history. As part of the interview, participants were asked to provide a detailed lifetime smoking history (non- and current). Patients those who smoke 25 or more cigarettes a day were termed as heavy smoker (HS) and those who smoke equal or less than 24 cigarettes per day were termed as lighter smoker (LS) [22].
Estimating DNA damage by ACA technique
The ACA technique was carried out according to the protocol described by Tice et al. (2000) with slight modification [21]. Briefly, 20 μl whole blood was used per slide, in where slides were previously coated with 1% NMP agarose. Blood cells containing slides were then embedded in 0.7% LMP agarose and subsequently lysed by lysis solution consisting of NaCl (2.5M), Na2EDTA (100mM), Trisma base (10mM), NaOH (200 mM), N-lauroylsarcosine (1.0%). DMSO (10%) and Triton X-100 (1.0%). For SSBs analysis, the DNA was unwounded by freshly prepared cold alkaline electrophoresis buffer (1 mM Na2EDTA and 300mM NaOH; pH 13.0) and then electrophoresed in the same buffer (24 V; 300 mA at 4ºC). For DSBs, the DNA was unwinding by using neutralization buffer (0.4M Trisma base; pH 7.5) and electrophoresed in the same buffer (24 V; 300 mA at 4ºC). After silver staining, cell images were captured and visualized by conventional light microscope [(Motic-BA200) (400×magnification)] equipped with CCD camera (Nikon Cool Pix 99F) [23]. The images were analyzed by using the software named computer assay software project (CASP, version 1.2.2) [24]. A total of 100 cells per slide and 2 slides per sample were used to quantify the DNA damage. The extent of comet tail formation is proportional to the amount of DNA damage present. Thus, the higher the values of %TD and OTM, as computed by the software, the higher the level of DNA damage was calculated [19, 25].
All values were presented as mean ± SEM. Differences between different variables were analyzed using parametric student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. A value of P <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results from survey investigation
Distribution of study subjects according to gender, age, occupation, residence and smoking status were presented in Table 1. The age (mean ± SD) of control and bladder cancer patients were 50.0 ± 6.87 and 61.48 ± 12.89 years, respectively (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in occupation and residency between patients and the control subjects. Flow chart for the study is shown in Figure 1.
DNA damage analysis based on age and disease category
Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b) describe both the %TD and OTM values between control (n = 26) and cancer patients (n = 38). The patients group displayed significantly higher levels of DNA damage than control subjects. The ranges of %TD in control and patients were 2.70 ± 0.48 vs 20.09 ± 1.67, while OTM value were in 9.34 ± 1.30 vs 31.31 ± 2.82. There was significant difference both in %TD and OTM value between control and patients (P < 0.05). To determine the effect of age on DNA damage, all groups were divided into two categories based on age below and above 50. From Figure 3(a) and Figure 3(b), there were no significant differences in %TD and OTM value in control groups (control < 50 vs control > 50), as well as in patient groups itself (patients < 50 vs patients > 50). Cancer patients over 50, had predominately higher DNA damage compared to control over 50 (TD, 3.23 ± 0.92 vs, P < 0.05 and for OTM, 10.90 ± 2.10 vs 33.44 ± 4.02, P < 0.05) and control below 50 (%TD, 2.37 ± 0.51 vs 22.11 ± 2.15, P < 0.05 and for OTM, 8.36 ± 1.60 vs 33.44 ± 4.02, P < 0.05). Same phenomenon was observed in cancer patients below 50 compare to both control below 50 (%TD, 2.37 ± 0.51 vs 16.22 ± 2.21, P < 0.05 and for OTM, 8.36 ± 1.60 vs 27.20 ± 2.55, P =.05) and control over 50 (%TD, 3.23 ± 0.23 vs 16.22 ± 2.21, P < 0.05, and for OTM, 10.90 ± 2.10 vs 27.20 ± 2.55, P < 0.05). Both NMIBC (n = 22) and MIBC (n = 16) group had found same level of DNA damage (%TD, 18.72 ± 1.92 vs 20.52 ± 2.77 and for OTM, 31.52 ± 4.25 vs 29.84 ± 4.64).
DNA damage with smoking history
From Figure 4(a) and Figure 4(b), DNA damages were analyzed on the basis of smoking status in control and patient group, in where patient group was divided into two groups named patients (nonsmoker) and patients (smoker). Patients with smoking history (n = 20) had significant DNA damage compare to patients with no smoking history (n = 18), (%TD, 23.85 ± 2.26 vs 17.36 ± 2.20, P < 0.05 and for OTM, 38.36 ± 4.52 vs 26.59 ± 1.97, P < 0.05. Both %TD and OTM value were found higher in patients of smoker and non- smoker compared with control (n = 26). On the other hand, Figure 5(a) and Figure 5(b), described the DNA damage of the smoker patients with their smoking intensity. Patients with heavy smoking history, HS (n = 9) had a high DNA damage compared to patients with lighter smoker, LS (n = 11) only in %TD but not in OTM parameter (%TD, 29.21 ± 3.31 vs 18.36 ± vs 2.02, P < 0.05 and for OTM, 45.82 ± 6.44 vs 33.41 ± 4.13). Overall, the present study indicated that cancer patients with a long history of smoking exposure had significant DNA damage compared to the control subjects.
Table 1. Characteristics of study subjects.
Variable Control (n=26, %) Patients (n=38, %) P-value
Male 23 (88.46) 37 (97.37) ns
Female 3 (11.54) 1 (2.63)
Age (Year)¶ 50.0± 6.87 61.48± 12.89 *
Smoker 0 (0.00) 22 (57.89) *
Non-smoker 26 (100) 16 (42.11)
Dye worker 0 (0.00) 4 (10.53) ns
Farmer 3 (11.54) 6 (15.79)
Others 23 (88.46) 28 (73.68)
Urban 19 (73.08) 21 (55.26) ns
Rural 7 (26.92) 17 (44.74)
*P <0.05 was taken as level of significance. Fisher's and chi-square tests were performed to calculate the statistical significance. ¶Values are mean ± SD. 'ns'= not significant.
Figure 1. Flow chart for the study.
Figure 2. Observed DNA damage. (a) %Tail DNA (%TD), and (b) Olive tail moment (OTM) between control subjects and patients. Statistical difference was tested by Student t test. *P < 0.05 was taken as level of significance.
Figure 3. Observed DNA damage based on age. (a) %Tail DNA (%TD), and (b) Olive tail moment (OTM) for control subjects (both below 50 and over 50), patients (both below 50 and over 50). Statistical difference was tested by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. * P < 0.05 was taken as level of significance. 'ns' = not significant.
Figure 4. Observed DNA damage based on smoking history. (a) %Tail DNA (%TD), and (b) Olive tail moment (OTM) among control subjects, patient's smoker and patient's non-smoker groups. Statistical difference was tested by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. * P < 0.05 was taken as level of significance.
Figure 5. O bserved DNA damage based on patients smoking exposure. (a) %Tail DNA (%TD), and (b) Olive tail moment (OTM) among control subjects, patient's lighter smoker (LS) and patient's heavy smoker (HS) groups. Statistical difference was tested by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. * P < 0.05 was taken as level of significance. 'ns' = not significant.
Bladder Cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally and about 50% of BC patients are cigarette smokers. The intensity and duration of smoking has been shown to affect the grade and stage of the BC and heavy smokers have more aggressive cancer phenotypes [26]. Smokers with BC are found to have resistance to chemotherapy also [27]. About 75% of newly diagnosed BC are generally noninvasive, although this type has a high rate of recurrence and progression despite the use of local therapy [2]. Cigarette smoke containing aromatic and heterocyclic amines (such as benzidine, 2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl) exacerbate the bladder carcinogenesis [16, 28]. Generally long term carcinogenic compounds exposure either directly or via metabolic activation can reduce the DNA repair capacity, which ultimately increase the BC susceptibility [7, 29-31]. Thus, the cellular abilities of repairing the DNA damages are closely linked to the possibilities of cancer development. Most of the bladder tumors have complex genomes with a high prevalence of mutational hotspots. Previously, we reported that cigarette smokers having Pro/Pro genotypes at position 72 in TP53 gene and NAT-2 slow genotype increased the BC risk in Bangladeshi population [5, 16]. Thus, there is a strong relationship in genetics and carcinogen exposure due to working or environmental condition in occurring bladder carcinogenesis [32]. As genomic instability due to DNA damage plays a prominent role in carcinogenesis initiation, it is important to quantify DNA damage to evaluate the disease progression [33].
ACA technique has been broadly recognized as a simple, sensitive, and rapid method [31, 34, 35]. It has numerous benefits especially only a thousand cells are needed for this assay or even the cells do not need to be tagged with a radioisotope and DNA damage can be quantified in any nucleated cell [36]. Here, both comet parameters %TD and OTM were found higher in cancer patients compared to control subjects, which indicated that higher level of genotoxicity occurred in BC patients. Comet parameters indicate not only the DNA damage but also the DNA repair capacity as because the low damage level as assessed experimentally in an individual may be due to an actual low number of lesions or of the high efficiency of repair. Among the SSBs and DSBs, DSBs were supposed to be the critical cytotoxic lesion, which were involved in mutagenesis, chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutations [37]. Although DSBs is often repaired by two pathways, homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), these genes are downregulated in long term carcinogenesis exposure [38]. Carcinogen containing cigarette smoking induced a lot of oxidative damage causing DNA oxidative adducts together with SSBs and DSBs.
Long term smoking history and intensity are linked to more advanced disease and severity. Here, BC patients having heavy smoking (HS) history had higher DNA damage even compare to patients with lighter smoker (LS) patients and non-smoker patients, which confirmed the previous finding [26, 34]. BC is commonly occurred in aged population due to their long term exposure to the carcinogen and genomic instability [39, 40]. In this study, significant DNA damages were also observed in older BC patients. NMIBC patients had also high DNA damage, which may be vulnerable because of cell cycle checkpoint delayed or altered DNA repair capacity that may trend to convert MIBC [41]. Thus, cigarette smoke may predominantly affect the structural integrity of the DNA in BC patients, which is strictly linked to cancer severity and rapid progression.
Finally, this study demonstrated the utility of the ACA technique for detecting DNA damage in BC patients and basal DNA damage in healthy Bangladeshi population. In future, the results of this study may be applied to analyze other environmental genotoxicants as well as chemotherapeutic agents that are responsible for DNA damage as well as revealing the genetic characteristics of bladder cancer, and finding the more efficient strategies to prevent it.
This research has been financially supported by Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC), Bangladesh.
Written consent was obtained from patients for the use of their biological samples for research purposes. This research has been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
YK designed the study, JI performed the study and wrote the first YK designed the study, JI performed the study and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Zhou W, Liu G, Miller DP, Thurston SW, Xu LL, Wain JC, Lynch TJ, Su L, Christiani DC: Polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes XRCC1 and ERCC2, smoking, and lung cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers 2003, 12(4): 359-365.
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Hirao Y, Kim W-J, Fujimoto K: Environmental factors promoting bladder cancer. Current opinion in urology 2009, 19(5): 494-499.
Hosen MB, Islam J, Salam MA, Islam MF, Hawlader MZH, Kabir Y: N‐acetyltransferase 2 gene polymorphism as a biomarker for susceptibility to bladder cancer in Bangladeshi population. Asia‐Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology 2015, 11(1): 78-84.
Paz-y-Mino C, Cumbal N, Sánchez ME: Genotoxicity studies performed in the Ecuadorian population. Molecular biology international 2012, 2012: 598984.
Bowman KJ, Al‐Moneef MM, Sherwood BT, Colquhoun AJ, Goddard JC, Griffiths TL, Payne D, Singh S, Butterworth PC, Khan MA: Comet assay measures of DNA damage are predictive of bladder cancer cell treatment sensitivity in vitro and outcome in vivo. International journal of cancer 2014, 134(5): 1102-1111.
Zainol M, Stoute J, Almeida GM, Rapp A, Bowman KJ, Jones GD, Ecvag: Introducing a true internal standard for the Comet assay to minimize intra-and inter-experiment variability in measures of DNA damage and repair. Nucleic acids research 2009, 37(22): e150-e150.
McKeown S, Robson T, Price M, Ho E, Hirst D, McKelvey-Martin V: Potential use of the alkaline comet assay as a predictor of bladder tumour response to radiation. British journal of cancer 2003, 89(12): 2264-2270.
Tice RR, Agurell E, Anderson D, Burlinson B, Hartmann A, Kobayashi H, Miyamae Y, Rojas E, Ryu JC, Sasaki Y: Single cell gel/comet assay: guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing. Environmental and molecular mutagenesis 2000, 35(3): 206-221.
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Dhawan A, Bajpayee M, Parmar D: Comet assay: a reliable tool for the assessment of DNA damage in different models. Cell biology and toxicology 2009, 25(1): 5-32.
Kiriluk KJ, Prasad SM, Patel AR, Steinberg GD, Smith ND: Bladder cancer risk from occupational and environmental exposures. In: Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations: 2012: Elsevier; 2012; 30(2): 199-211.
Gu J, Wu X: Genetic susceptibility to bladder cancer risk and outcome. Personalized medicine 2011, 8(3): 365-374.
Rojas E, Valverde M, Sordo M, Ostrosky-Wegman P: DNA damage in exfoliated buccal cells of smokers assessed by the single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology 1996, 370(2): 115-120.
Olive PL, Banáth JP, Durand RE: Heterogeneity in radiation-induced DNA damage and repair in tumor and normal cells measured using the" comet" assay. Radiation research 1990, 122(1): 86-94.
Zhang M, Cao G, Guo X, Gao Y, Li W, Lu D: A comet assay for DNA damage and repair after exposure to carbon-ion beams or X-rays in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dose-Response 2018, 16(3): 1559325818792467.
Garaj-Vrhovac V, Kopjar N: The alkaline Comet assay as biomarker in assessment of DNA damage in medical personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. Mutagenesis 2003, 18(3): 265-271.
Chang C-H, Chang C-L, Tsai C-W, Wu H-C, Chiu C-F, Wang R-F, Liu C-S, Lin C-C, Bau D-T: Significant association of an XRCC4 single nucleotide polymorphism with bladder cancer susceptibility in Taiwan. Anticancer Research 2009, 29(5): 1777-1782.
Taylor III JA, Kuchel GA: Bladder cancer in the elderly: clinical outcomes, basic mechanisms, and future research direction. Nature Reviews Urology 2009, 6(3): 135-144.
Aunan JR, Cho WC, Søreide K: The biology of aging and cancer: a brief overview of shared and divergent molecular hallmarks. Aging and disease 2017, 8(5): 628-642.
de MC Gontijo ÁM, Elias FN, Salvadori DM, de Oliveira MLC, Correa LA, Goldberg J, Trindade JCdS, de Camargo JLV: Single-cell gel (comet) assay detects primary DNA damage in nonneoplastic urothelial cells of smokers and ex-smokers. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers 2001, 10(9): 987-993.
Cite this article: Islam J, Kabir Y: Measurement of DNA damage in bladder cancer patients by alkaline comet assay. Ann Urol Oncol 2019; 2(2): 64-70. https:// doi.org/10.32948/auo.2019.12.26
ADD.: RM502C, 5/F, HO KING COMM CTR, 2-16 FAYUEN ST, MONGKOK KOWLOON, H.K.
E-MAIL: editorial.auo@asmepress.com
Copyright ©2018-2023 Asian Medical Press Ltd. All Rights Reserved.


Hope you lke the song!
As I`m singing the song!
Some times people can`t really say how they feel about another.
So just maybe this will help people to think.
Because if you really love someone in your life or in love with someone!
Let them know before it`s to late as life is so short and that person that you may love may not be around.
As we are taken in a blink of and eye.
And you just never know when the Creator will take us home!
If there was someone in my life I would not be able to tell that person.
Why because that person would have to tell me!
The days pass by and I see you in my mind.
I can't tell you how I feel, as I'm unsure of what I see in my mind.
The time passes in to days and months.
The year goes by not a word is said as I keep it a secret in my mind.
I wish I knew what to say but the words just are hidden away in my mind.
I cannot say and I do not know when I fell in love with you.
I see you holding me and you kiss me, am I dreaming or is it true what I see in you?
I'm unsure of what I see and if I say anything what will be said back to me?
I know that I'm in love with you but I'm not sure that you see.
The days pass and I see you in my mind.
But I thought you would see that and how my heart feels.
And how can I tell you that I truly love you!
The words I cannot say because these words have to come from you.
I laugh at the things you say that are funny and we laugh together.
I see you smile at me but I look in to your eyes and wonder what you may think.
Sometime I read your thoughts and we say or think the same thing.
We have a lot in common and we talk in till it's late in the early morning.
Do you hear me when I talk to you in your mind?
Do you hear what I'm saying to you?
We understand each other but when we do not we ask what is meet.
Maybe you will never know what I feel and that is sad.
But I would not want to make a fool out of my self and lose our friendship and I know we are very close friends.
I know in my heart that there is no other person that would trust you the very best.
You told me to trust you, but do you trust me?
How can this whole thing be true that I see in you?
I know when you think of me, and its quite sweet of you.
How can I tell you that I just love you?
I put the player here so if you do not like my singing you can shut it off if you like too!
Thank you for listening to me singing "The Rose"


text:
The Covid-19 pandemic has driven a surge in personalised and premium packaging as consumers seek to replace the personal touch they previously experienced in shops via home shopping. Jessie Paige talks to retailers about their experience and looks at whether the trend will continue through the coming year.
remium and personalised packaging has been a key trend in the packaging industry this year, with the Covid-19 pandemic calling even more attention to its benefits. Luxury retail, an industry known for using personalised packaging, has seen a marked difference in what products are the most in demand and how to connect with new and existing consumers.
Luxury retailers Fenton and Cornelia James share their experience as retailers, and Tiny Box Company, which manufactures premium and personalised packaging, explains the packaging industry's experience of the trend.
The rise of personalised and premium packaging
Founder and managing director of UK-based manufacturing packaging company Tiny Box Company Rachel Watkyn says that the trend could be attributed to people looking for meaningful gifts, in order to feel an emotional connection.
"What do you buy the person who has everything?" asks Watkyn. "People need meaning, and I think personalised packaging can fill this gap and make people feel special. It's one thing to buy a gift for someone, it's another to have it come in a personalised box. Consumers' perception of a product is affected by the packaging, so it's really important."
Since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, governments have implemented social distancing rules and other laws to keep people apart to prevent the spread of infection. Personalised packaging has been an important way in which a consumer can remind a gift recipient that they are in their thoughts; to close the physical divide.
Examples of premium and personalised packaging
Fenton is a London-based luxury jewellery retailer which holds personalisation at the core of its differentiation strategy.
"At Fenton, 75% of our sales are digital, so packaging will be the first physical touchpoint most customers will have with us," says Fenton COO Jérôme Brustlein. "With each Fenton order, our customers will receive their own, premium leather ring box embossed with their initials, as well as a protective box for the leather box and ribbon."
UK-based glovemaker Cornelia James is another luxury retailer that uses premium packaging with the option of adding a handwritten note to add personalisation.
"Every one of our gloves goes out in a purpose-made gift box," says Cornelia James managing director Andrew Lawson. "It was important to us that the box would be more than just 'transit packaging' and would be something to be kept and valued in its own right.
"We ended up with a very robust box of the sort that, in days gone by, love letters would have been kept in. We took a lot of trouble to select a colour for the box – 'light cockpit green' – that would be recognisably 'ours'. For us, it symbolises Britishness, quality, practicality and longevity – essential brand values."
Tiny Box Company's advent offering. Image: Tiny Box Company
The effect of packaging choices for customers
"Our purchases are so emotional, and we believe customers are now expecting to be able to customise their experience beyond the physical product only," says Brustlein. "This includes the pre-sale – virtual appointments with our concierge – as well as the after-sale. We also regularly see our packaging mentioned in reviews, so we believe it is an important building block of an all-round amazing customer experience."
"We are very keen to make connections and build relationships with our customers," says Lawson. "The box plays a key part in reinforcing the idea that we care about our customers. We always put a handwritten note in the box which addresses the customer by name, and we feel that this helps the connection. We get a lot of repeat customers and lots of customers mention the quality of the box."
Premium and personalised packaging increased customer loyalty for brands and retailers, however, Watkyn says that it does not create loyalty for B2B packaging manufacturers in the same way.
"For us, as we are B2B packaging, it doesn't create customer loyalty." She explains. "B2B packaging is non-emotional; it's based on a non-emotive purchasing decision. At Tiny Box, we try to break that mould by creating an emotional attachment through our name, our brand, everything."
Covid-19's impact on packaging offerings
"The pandemic has challenged us to rethink our customer experience," says Brustlein. "We are a brand that is bringing transparency and accountability to the jewellery industry. Due to the nature of our products, many people would hypothesise that jewellery needs to be experienced or felt before someone will make a buying decision. However, interestingly, virtual appointments broke that barrier to conversion."
Speaking about whether personalised packaging affected sales figures during the pandemic in 2020, Brustlein says: "I wouldn't say our packaging has directly impacted our sales during the pandemic but it certainly plays a key role in creating the all-round customer experience we strive for.
"Delivering a positive product experience for first-time customers in the form of packaging that is recognisable, distinct, and genuinely delights is imperative in driving repeat purchases which in turn increases customer lifetime value.
"We want every customer who purchases a Fenton product to feel special, and the initial experience they have when unboxing one of our products is core to that first impression."
We feel that customers shop in a more considered, less impulsive way
Lawson says that Cornelia James has noticed a change in product demand. "The pandemic has brought a shift away from 'occasion' gloves but a real increase in 'everyday' glove-wearing. We feel that customers shop in a more considered, less impulsive way and this may favour those luxury goods which offer true value."
Watkyn adds that Tiny Box Company, as a packaging manufacturer, has also been "massively affected" by the pandemic and that the change in consumer behaviour has made her realise the value in personalised packaging.
"It's been a polarisation where people want a personal touch; they want to make their loved ones feel special," she explains. "Personalised packaging has been a way to reach out to someone you can't see and tell them you love them, especially with the older generation. It's a way of creating an emotional bond."
Can we expect continued growth?
Brustlein believes that the personalised and premium packaging trend is just beginning. "I believe we are at the very early stages of personalised packaging," he says, "and over the next five years as more brands begin to focus on creating personalised customer experiences the trend will continue to grow."
Lawson also agrees that premium packaging will only see increased demand over the next year, especially that which reinforces a brand message. "It must complement, not overshadow the product," he says. "There will be a growing demand for packaging which not only does this but which can be reused or repurposed and still reinforce the original brand message."
Watkyn believes that there is no choice but for personalised packaging to grow as a trend, as the pandemic has highlighted. "Life isn't going to go back to how it was before Covid-19," she says. "Even if the virus suddenly disappeared, people have been too affected; there won't be a societal shift back to how it was pre-pandemic. Because of this, trends that were big this year are going to continue into next year."
The real trend next year is going to focus on having personalised packaging become less of a B2B industry and more of a B2C industry
Watkyn notes, however, that though the trend will continue to grow next year, the technology surrounding personalised packaging manufacturing will need to improve to keep up with consumer demand.
"The technology still isn't there," she explains. "At Tiny Box Company, we do digital printing, we have DTS printers going 24/7, but they're still so slow and inaccessible to consumers."
Watkyn adds that the personalised and premium packaging industry also needs to become more accessible to consumers. "The real trend next year is going to focus on having personalised packaging become less of a B2B industry and more of a B2C industry," she says. "There's a gap in the market for this, which is why we've launched a new website called Indiki where consumers can choose their own boxes with a custom design to provide personalisation."
Personalised and premium packaging has grown exponentially in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic, a growing consumer need for feelings of closeness and personalness, and demand for something more than "just a product".
Heading into 2021, the continuing presence of Covid-19 means that consumers will still feel a need for that personal touch, and so the personalised and premium packaging industry is only set to grow further next year.
The craft can market grew by 59% in 2018.
Background image blablablablablablablabla
Home | Catalyst for tech
Repi Company Insight
Covid-19 executive briefing by GlobalData
The packaging industry briefing
Project: Alpla Group
Project: Mondi
Now Plastics Company Insight
Did the pandemic affect the key trends predicted for 2020?
Beauty packaging's sustainability potential
Retailers wrapped up with pandemic packaging challenges
Mars Wrigley's eco-focused packaging pledge
The importance of pre-design considerations
Luxury retail packaging predictions for 2021
Labelling trends to expect this year
Berhalter Company Insight
Inside Scotland's Deposit Return Scheme
What are packaging firms expecting for 2021?
Inclusive design in FMCG packaging
Ilapak
The packaging industry key list
Global markets and indices
Macro-economic indicators
Macro-economic indicators (page 2)


Dr. Michelle Montgomery (Haliwa Saponi/Eastern Band Cherokee) is an Assistant Professor at the University of Washington Tacoma, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences in American Indian and Ethnic, Gender and Labor Studies. Dr. Montgomery's research focuses on adaptation to climate change, environmental ethics connected to land-base Indigenous identities, Indigenous cultural autonomy, critical race theory, tribal critical race theory and bioethics related to sociocultural and environmental health disparities within American Indian/Alaska Native/First Nations communities.
Montgomery, M. (2018) Sustainable Nationhood: Comparative Indigenuity of Environmental Ethics (Forthcoming).
Montgomery, M. (2018) Decolonizing the Masculine Narrative: Eco-Matrialinealism from a Critical Race Theory Lens (Forthcoming).
Montgomery, M. (2018). Indigenized Relationships with the Natural World and Community Conversations, College of Menominee Nation Newsletter (Forthcoming).
Montgomery, M. (2018). Resilience & Sustainability: Traditional Ecological Roots of Indigenous Studies. CO: University Press of Colorado (Advance Contract).
Montgomery, M. (2018). Indigenous Community Conversations: Land and Water Based Identities, University Press of Colorado Blog (Forthcoming).
Montgomery, M. (2017). Identity Politics of Difference: the Mixed-race American Indian Experience. CO: University Press of Colorado.
Montgomery, M. (2016). Review of the book People Before the Park: The Kotenai and Blackfeet Before Glacier National Park by S. Thompson, Kootenai Cultural Committee, & Pikuuni Traditional Association Pacific Northwest Quarterly. Pacific Northwest Quarterly, Winter 2015/2016, 106: 43.
Montgomery, M. (2012). Rationalization and Representation of Identity Politics: the Mixed-race American Indian Experience. Journal of Critical Race Inquiry, 2(1): 1-25.
Montgomery, M. (2003). American Indian Science and Engineering Society Air Quality Took Kit. Cooperative agreement with United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air and Radiation.


Built in 1956, Hirakud Dam in Odisha is the world's longest earthen dam and Asia's largest artificial lake. It is also one of the largest dams in the world, about 26 kilometers in length.
Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi River, about 15 km from Sambalpur in the state of Odisha in India. Behind the dam extends a lake, Hirakud Reservoir, 55 km long. It is one of the first major multipurpose river valley projects started after India's independence.
On 15 March 1946, Sir Howthrone Lewis, then the Governor of Orissa, laid the foundation stone of the Hirakud Dam. The dam was completed in 1953 and was formally inaugurated by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 13 January 1957. The total cost of the project was Rs 100.02 crores (in 1957).
The main purpose of the Hirakud Dam was to check the massive floods that were affecting a large part of coastal Odisha. But, the construction of the dam greatly affected the natives of the western part of Odisha. Nearly 150,000 people were affected by the Hirakud project and nearly 22,000 families were displaced.


text:
Q: Ajax Live Text Box Pushed Down all Html Elemant I used Ajax Live search from xml file in my site.
Search textbox located in navigation bar but when i typed something and get results the area of nav bar being extent and push down all body element.
Can you help me about this issue my code given in the below.

    <form class="navbar-form" role="search">

            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Arama" onkeyup="showResult(this.value)" name="srch-term" id="srch-term">

    </form>

I didn't assigned any css yet.
#livesearch is the function of php. I didn't put to whole navigation bar because it's very long.. but this search bar one of the nav bar element and used bootstrap codes in it.
Thank you

A: The problem
The Live Search append a div after the input. When the user search something, this div fill by html so his height is change and he "push" all the rest content away.
The solution
You need to add this css to yours.
#livesearch {
  position: absolute;
  background: #fff;
}

The white background is for the content will be not shown behind the search result div.
More about absolute position you can read here


text:
X\XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
HOME BIO VENUES CDS VIDEOS PHOTOS SCHEDULE CONTACT
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
"KRISTI KING
CLASSICS"
"GIFT OF SONG"
"GREAT AMERICAN
SONGBOOK"
DORIS DAY SHOWS
"COUNTRY GIRLS"
"THE SENSATIONAL
JEWELS"
"PEGGY LEE, I LOVE
BEING HERE WITH YOU"
"A LIFE IN SONG"
Kristi's favorite songs
KRISTI KING CAREER HIGHLIGHTS
KRISTI has performed regularly in Palm Springs and Los Angeles at such venues as The Purple Room, Torme's Jazz Club, the Four Seasons Hotel, the McCallum Theater, the Annenberg Theater, the Big Horn Country Club, Trump 29 Casino, La Quinta Resorts, the Thunderbird, PGA West CC, the Vintage CC, to name a few.
Kristi produced and starred in a musical revue, "Sensational Jewels," at the Annenberg Theater in Palm Springs in 2004.
She is now touring with her latest musical revues:
Two Doris Day tribute shows
"Country Girls,"
"The Great American Songbook"
"Peggy Lee: I Love Being Here With You''
Go to www. kristikingshows.com
"In an era of thin voices and wispy emotions, Kristi King's mature sound and approach to a song is refreshing, indeed. We believe her no matter what she sings, a song by Aretha Franklin or one by Doris Day. She reminds us of the songs we love and the singers who sang them. But, like a true pro, she interprets, never imitates."
J. Merrill, producer, NPR's Jazz Profiles.
KRISTI KING has been a professional singer since she was nine years old and performed for the first time in her home town of Portland, Oregon. For more about Kristi as a child star, click here.
Kristi has made a living as a singer for over three decades, performing mainly in Southern California, Hawaii, and Las Vegas, She made TV appearances with Regis Philbin (where she sang a song written by hit songwriter Diane Warren), the Righteous Brothers, and opened twice for the legendary comedienne Joan Rivers.
She produced and hosted her own show in Palm Springs entitled "What's Going On," involving interviews with celebrities and fashion industry people. The show aired ten times on the Fox channel.
All rights reserved, 2016, Kristi King