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Space History for April 21
Died, Petrus Apianus [Latinized from Peter Bennewitz or Bienewitz], German astronomer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Apianus
Born, Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist, astronomer, balloonist, established the reality of meteorites, studied polarization of light
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Biot
J. Palisa discovered asteroid #137 Meliboea.
Prosper Henry discovered asteroid #162 Laurentia.
L. Carnera discovered asteroid #470 Kilia.
C. Jackson discovered asteroid #1264 Letaba.
C. Jackson discovered asteroid #1505 Koranna.
Born, Aleksandr Ivanovich Laveykin (at Moscow, Russian SFSR), Soviet cosmonaut (Mir 2; nearly 174d 3.5h in spaceflight)
http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/cosmonauts/english/laveykin_aleksandr.htm
USAF Major Robert M. White flew X-15 flight # 36 to an altitude of 105,000 feet (32.004 km, 19.9 miles) with a top speed of 3074 mph (4947 km/hr, Mach 4.62).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_X-15_flights
Born, Sergei Viktorovich Zalyotin (at Shchyokino, Tula Oblast, Russian SFSR), Lt Colonel Russian AF, cosmonaut (Mir 28 (last resident crew), Soyuz TMA-1/Soyuz TM-34 (ISS taxi); over 83d 16.5h total time in spaceflight)
Cosmonaut Sergei Zalyotin
Source: Russian Wikipedia user Okras
http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/cosmonauts/english/zalyotin_sergei.htm
Died, Edward V. Appleton, English physicist (ionosphere, sunspots, Nobel Prize 1947 "for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer")
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1947/appleton/biographical/
Died, Andre L. Danjon, French astronomer (Danjon Scale, color brightness of the Moon during a Lunar eclipse due to Earth's atmospheric conditions)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Louis_Danjon
NASA's Apollo 16 Lunar Module "Orion" landed on the Moon during the fifth manned landing mission, carrying Commander John W. Young and LM pilot Charles M. Duke Jr., the ninth and tenth men to walk on the Moon.
Apollo 16 (AS 511) consisted of the Command and Service Module (CSM) "Casper" and the Lunar Module (LM) "Orion." The launch on 16 April 1972 was postponed from the originally scheduled 17 March date because of a docking ring jettison malfunction. It was the fifth mission in which humans walked on the Lunar surface and returned to Earth. On 21 April 1972 two astronauts (Apollo 16 Commander John W. Young and LM pilot Charles M. Duke, Jr.) landed in the Descartes region of the Moon in the Lunar Module (LM) while the Command and Service Module (CSM) (with CM pilot Thomas K. Mattingly, II) continued in Lunar orbit. During their stay on the Moon, the astronauts set up scientific experiments, took photographs, and collected Lunar samples. The LM took off from the Moon on 24 April and the astronauts returned to Earth on 27 April.
The primary mission goals of inspecting, surveying, and sampling materials in the Descartes region, emplacement and activation of surface experiments, conducting inflight experiments and photographic tasks from Lunar orbit, engineering evaluation of spacecraft and equipment, and performance of zero-gravity experiments were achieved despite the mission being shortened by one day. Young, 41, was a Navy Captain who had flown on three previous spaceflights (Gemini 3, Gemini 10, and Apollo 10; he later flew on STS-1 and STS-9), Mattingly, 36, was a Navy Lt. Commander on his first spaceflight (he later flew STS-4 and STS-51C), and Duke, 36, was an Air Force Lt. Colonel also on his first spaceflight.
Apollo 16 was launched at 17:54:00 (12:54:00 p.m. EST) on Saturn V SA-511 from Pad 39A at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The spacecraft entered Earth parking orbit at 18:05:56 UT and translunar injection took place at 20:27:37 UT. The CSM and S-IVB stage separated at 20:58:59 UT and CSM-LM docking was achieved at 21:15:53 UT. The S-IVB stage was released into a Lunar impact trajectory, but due to an earlier problem with the auxiliary propulsion system (APS) helium regulators, which resulted in continuous venting and loss of helium, the second APS burn could not be made. Tracking of the S-IVB was lost on 17 April at 21:03 UT due to a transponder failure. (The S-IVB stage impacted the Moon on 19 April at 21:02:04 UT at 1.3 N, 23.8 W with a velocity of 2.5 to 2.6 km/s at a 79 degree angle from the horizontal, as estimated from the Apollo 12, 14 and 15 seismic station data.) A mid-course correction was performed at 00:33:01 UT on 18 April. During translunar coast a CSM navigation problem was discovered in which a false indication would cause loss of inertial reference, this was solved by a real-time change in the computer program. The SIM door was jettisoned on 19 April at 15:57:00 UT and Lunar orbit insertion took place at 20:22:28 UT. Two revolutions later, the orbit was lowered to one with a perilune of 20 km.
At 15:24 UT on 20 April, Young and Duke entered the LM. The LM separated from the CSM at 18:08:00 UT, but the LM descent was delayed almost 6 hours due to a malfunction in the yaw gimbal servo loop on the CSM which caused oscillations in the service propulsion system (SPS). Engineers determined that the problem would not seriously affect CSM steering and the mission was allowed to continue with the LM descent. The LM landed at 02:23:35 UT on 21 April in the Descartes highland region just north of the crater Dolland at 9.0 S, 15.5 E. Young and Duke made three moonwalk EVAs totaling 20 hours, 14 minutes. During this time they covered 27 km using the Lunar Roving Vehicle, collected 94.7 kg of rock and soil samples, took photographs, and set up the ALSEP and other scientific experiments. Other experiments were also performed from orbit in the CSM during this time.
The LM lifted off from the Moon at 01:25:48 UT on 24 April after 71 hours, 2 minutes on the Lunar surface. After the LM docked with the CSM at 03:35:18 UT the Lunar samples and other equipment were transferred from the LM and the LM was jettisoned at 20:54:12 UT on 24 April. The LM began tumbling, apparently due to an open circuit breaker in the guidance and navigation system. As a result the planned deorbit and Lunar impact could not be attempted. The LM remained in Lunar orbit with an estimated lifetime of one year. The instrument boom which carried the orbital mass spectrometer would not retract and was jettisoned. Because of earlier problems with the SPS yaw gimbal servo loop the mission was shortened by one day. The orbital shaping maneuver was cancelled, and the subsatellite was spring-launched at 21:56:09 UT into an elliptical orbit with a lifetime of one month, rather than the planned one-year orbit. Transearth injection began at 02:15:33 UT on 25 April. On 25 April at 20:43 UT Mattingly began a cislunar EVA to retrieve camera film from the SIM bay and inspect instruments, two trips taking a total of 1 hour, 24 minutes. The CM separated from the SM on 27 April at 19:16:33 UT. Apollo 16 splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on 27 April 1972 at 19:45:05 UT (2:45:05 p.m. EST) after a mission elapsed timeof 265 hours, 51 minutes, 5 seconds. The splashdown point was 0 deg 43 min S, 156 deg 13 min W, 215 miles southeast of Christmas Island and 5 km (3 mi) from the recovery ship USS Ticonderoga.
The Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP), which contained scientific experiments that were deployed and left on the Lunar surface, operated until it was commanded to shut down on 30 September 1977.
The Apollo 16 Command Module "Casper" is on display at the Alabama Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama.
* Apollo 16 Lunar Module /ALSEP
* Apollo 16 SIVB
* Apollo 16 Subsatellite
Apollo 16 Lunar Module, NASA photo taken by an astronaut on the Moon
M. Watt discovered asteroid #2991.
NASA's STS 100 (Endeavor) docked at the International Space Station on a mission to deliver the Canadian robotic arm.
STS 100 was launched 19 April 2001. Endeavour and its crew remained on orbit almost 12 days, eight of which were spent in joint operations with the International Space Station crew. Endeavour's crew delivered and installed a new robotic arm and helped to transfer equipment and supplies between vehicles.
Mission Specialists Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency and Scott Parazynski of NASA performed two space walks to install the new 17.6 meter (57.7 foot) robotic arm onto the International Space Station. Canadarm2, a beefier second-generation version of the shuttle's robot arm, is essential to the continued assembly of the space station as the outpost grows beyond the reach of the shuttle's arm.
STS 100 was the first of three space shuttle missions to carry pieces of the Space Station Mobile Servicer System, or SSMSS to the station. It delivered the long, hinged arm known as the Remote Manipulator System. Subsequent missions delivered the Mobile Base System, a work platform that moves along rails covering the length of the space station, and the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator, or Canada Hand.
The International Space Station's three Command and Control Computers began to exhibit problems during Endeavour's visit. Communications between the station and the ground were rerouted through Endeavour as flight controllers worked to solve the problem, and mission managers approved an extended stay for the shuttle if the computers were not recovered quickly.
After flight controllers determined that the hard drive on one Command and Control Computer had failed, space station Flight Engineer Susan Helms swapped it with another onboard computer. After reloading the software, all three computers booted up normally. Endeavour brought the failed computer back to Earth for more testing.
STS 100 ended 1 May 2001 when Endeavour landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, after being waved off from landings at Kennedy Space Center because of the inclement weather in Florida.
The flight crew for STS 100 was: Kent V. Rominger, Commander; Jeffrey S. Ashby, Pilot; Chris A. Hadfield, Mission Specialist 1; John L. Phillips, Mission Specialist 2; Scott E. Parazynski, Mission Specialist 3; Umberto Guidoni, Mission Specialist 4; Yuri V. Lonchakov, Mission Specialist 5.
Powerful solar flares damaged components on Nozomi, the Japanese Mars mission.
The ISS Expedition 9 crew arrived at the International Space Station aboard Soyuz TMA-4.
International Space Station Expedition 9 commander Gennady Padalka and NASA science officer Michael Fincke lived aboard the station from 21 April 2004 through 23 October 2004. They returned to Earth in their Soyuz TMA-4 spacecraft which landed at 8:36 PM EDT (0036 GMT). Russian Space Forces cosmonaut Yuri Shargin, an ISS visitor, also rode with them in the Soyuz return flight.
Padalka and Fincke returned home after an eventful 188-day tour in space that began on with their launch on 18 April 2004. They made some unexpected repairs and conducted four spacewalks, including one of the shortest on record and another that marked the first use of Russian spacesuits for a US segment operation.
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition09/statusreports.html
Space History for April 21 / Webmaster / Script last modified July 17, 2014 @ 5:31 am

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Lesson 8: Does the Qur'an Provide an Unconditional Guarantee for the Companions?
Lesson 16: Who are Those Capable of Interpreting Divine Law?
There are those to whom a gate is opened onto the treasuries of the unseen and who become aware thereby of certain hidden truths. This takes place by means of inspiration and illumination, for entry into that sphere by means of mental activity and ratiocination is completely impossible.
"Scientific geniuses, in addition to their great capacities for research and perceptive insight, also possess qualities such as illumination, by means of which they discern things that are hidden from others. They see connections between phenomena that are apparently unconnected and instinctively perceive the existence of unknown things.
Thanks to their clear vision, they are able to read the thoughts of others, without recourse to their sensory faculties; to observe phenomena that are more or less distant, in terms of time and space; and to provide more definite information concerning certain things than that which is yielded by the senses.
"For one illumined in this sense, it is as easy to read someone's thoughts as to describe his face, and in fact it is misleading to use the words 'see' or 'feel' in connection with what passes through his consciousness, for he neither sees anything nor seeks it in a given place he simply knows it.
"Numerous are those people who under normal circumstances do not have this kind of illumined vision but have experienced it once or twice during their lives. It sometimes becomes possible for us to perceive the outer world by means other than our outer senses.
The human spirit thus has means of communicating with the external world that lie beyond sensory and rational perception, and through the appropriate researches scholar's have come to accept that communication with the world of the unseen is not only possible for man, but a reality.
In just the same way that experience shows it to be possible to make contact with the external world in a dream and even to gain information concerning it, there is nothing to prevent our inner, spiritual faculties providing us with similar experiences while we are awake. This is an aperture that God has opened for His servants, permitting them to glimpse certain hidden mysteries and truths.
Given the fact that such a gift is bestowed on ordinary people, what is to prevent perfect human beings, such as the prophets and the friends of God who possess exalted qualities and attributes, from communicating with the world of the unseen and learning hidden truths, on a higher level and in a more extensive fashion than others, thanks to the depth of their devotion and inward purity?
One of the sources of the knowledge of the Imams is the inspiration that is bestowed on them by God's order; through communication with the world of the unseen, truths and realities become disclosed to them. There are numerous traditions bearing on this, confirming that persons chosen by God can indeed establish communication with the unseen and come to perceive a whole series of complex mysteries.
The inspiration that comes to the Imams initiating them into certain hidden concerns, is different from revelation, because the one who receives inspiration does not see the angel of revelation. However, the truths that are bestowed on the Imams help them greatly in expanding the scope of their vision and augmenting their cognitive abilities.
It needs to be added, of course, that the communication of the Imams with the world of the unseen is not unbounded, resulting in a complete awareness of all things unseen, or independent of God's infinite power; their relationship is with a specific zone or region of the unseen within boundaries set by God Himself. Given the inherent limitation of their knowledge and their dependence for it on divine power, they cannot attain that which is absolutely unknowable to all except God.
However, since each of the Imams is the most perfect man of his age, thanks to his rank and luminosity, and a complete manifestation of the divine names and attributes, the Creator of the World, the Knower of the Unseen and the Manifest, discloses to them certain matters relating to the unseen, thereby broadening and deepening their vision and opening an aperture onto what otherwise remains hidden.
It is not possible for them to enter into contact with the world of the unseen independently, as is apparent from the traditions in which the Imams deny they have knowledge of the unseen; what is meant is that hey have no complete or absolute access to the unseen and Cannot gain any knowledge of it without God's will and permission.
In addition, the Imams received certain knowledge concerning the unseen that had been vouchsafed to the Most Noble Messenger peace and blessings be upon him and his family.
The Noble Qur'an declares with the utmost clarity that God Almighty gives knowledge of the unseen to chosen servants such as the prophets in various ages. The Immaculate Imams can also make contact with the world of the unseen whenever necessary by seeking God's aid and support and thereby gain access to knowledge they need.
This does not mean that the Imams made regular use of some inner force in order to make contact with the world of the unseen in the course of their daily lives to obtain supernatural support. For it is a fundamental principle that the Prophet and the Imams should not exhibit any fundamental difference from other human beings in their mode of life; ill taking decisions, they relied on their own judgement of matters as they appeared to be, and often consulted their companions.
Their acts took place in accordance with their own will and choice and were based on knowledge acquired by conventional means. Like other humans, they were subject to all the duties and obligations of religious observance. The way in which they exercised their teaching and guiding function in society was not visibly different from that of others, as a result of which some people came to imagine that they were on the same level as ordinary scholars of religion.
Attention must also be drawn to the fact that awareness of the unseen world, in the sense of the foreknowledge of events that are bound to occur, neither has any effect on the actual course of events, nor enables the Imams to exert any control over the actions of others, nor implies any obligation on their part to attempt to do so.
This is a selection from the very copious traditions on the subject that have been transmitted from the Immaculate Imams. Whenever the Imams deemed it a necessary part of their duty to proclaim truths from the world of the unseen, they made manifest matters that would otherwise have remained hidden.
"O Maytham, know that after my death you will be arrested and hung from the gibbet. On the second day your beard will be reddened with the blood of your nose and your mouth, and on the third day, you will be pierced with a spear, and you will go to the presence of your Lord. The place where this will occur is near the house of 'Amr b. Hurayth, and you will be the tenth person to die in that way, the only difference being that the gibbet from which you are hung will be shorter than the others. I will show you the tree from which it will be fashioned." Two days later, he showed Maytham the datepalm in question.
For days Maytham stayed close to that datepalm, which was situated in a quiet open space, immersed in worship and supplication. Every now and then he would look at the tree, murmuring to it: 'May God bless you, for I have been created for you, and you have been created for me."
Whenever he ran into Amr b. Hurayth he would say: "I am to be your neighbor, so take good care of me." Amr did not understand what he meant, so he asked him in surprise: "Have you decided to buy the house of Ibn Mas'ud or Ibn Hakam?"
Time passed, 'Ali was martyred, and Maytham's ordeal began. He was arrested and turned over to 'Ubaydullah b. Ziyad, who had been informed of Maytham's zealous devotion to 'Ali. Drunk with power, and intent on extinguishing the fire of belief in 'Ali's family, 'Ubaydullah asked Maytham: "What happened to your God?"
'Ubaydullah said: "I hear he foretold your fate." "Yes," Maytham answered, and when 'Ubaydullah insisted on hearing the details, he continued: "My master 'Ali, peace be upon him, told me that you will hang me from the gibbet, and that I will be the tenth person you martyr in that fashion, and that my gibbet with be shorter than the others."
Full of anger, 'Ubaydullah told Maytham that he would deal with him in a manner other than that which 'Ali had foretold.
To which Maytham responded: "How can you oppose what he said? It was the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, who informed 'Ali what my fate would be, and he had been informed of it by Jibril, the trustworthy spirit and angel, who learned of it from God Almighty Himself. I know the exact place where I will be hung from the gibbet, and I know, too, that I will be the first Muslim in whose mouth a muzzle is placed."
'Ubaydullah gave orders for Maytham to be imprisoned. While in prison, he came into contact with al-Mukhtar and told him that he would be set free and rise up one to day to avenge the death of Husayn b. 'Ali by killing 'Ubaydullah.
Not long passed before al-Mukhtar was indeed set free, while Maytham was brought once again before 'Ubaydullah. He ordered him to be hung from a gibbet fashioned from a datepalm near the house of Amr b. Hurayth, who immediately remembered what Maytham had told him and accordingly instructed his servant every night to sweep the area in front of the datepalm and to light a lamp there.
For as long as Maytham hung from the gibbet, the people would gather to hear him discoursing On the virtues of the Prophet's House, for love for the family of 'Ali had become intermingled with Maytham's faith. 'Ubaydullah was informed of the situation, and told that Maytham was humiliating and mocking him by his behavior. Accordingly, in a fit of rage, he ordered that a muzzle be placed in Maytham's mouth.
"I swear by God that this city of yours will be flooded so that your mosque will look like a ship floating on the waters; God will punish this city from above and below."
Shaykh Hurr al-'Amili writes: "The prediction made by Imam al-Baqir, peace be upon him, in this hadith is well-known and of indubitable authenticity."
"I swear by God that the Umayyads will decide to shed my blood, and 'Umar b. Sa'd will be the commander of their army."
"One day I went to see Imam al-Hadi, peace be upon him, in Madinah. He asked me what news I had of al-Wathiq. I told him that I had been al-Wathiq ten days earlier and that he had seemed to be in good health. The Imam remarked that according to the people of Madinah al-Wathiq had died, and he then asked about Ja'far. I told him that Ja'far had been imprisoned, under very harsh conditions.
Then somebody else got up and said, 'I am Habib b. Hammar; why do you say this of me even though I am one of your devoted companions and followers?' 'Ali asked him, 'Are you truly Habib b. Hammar?' 'Yes,' he answered. Then 'Ali said, 'I swear by God that you will indeed be the flagbearer of that army, and that you will enter the mosque of Kufah by this gate.' As he said this, he pointed to the Bab al-Fil (Elephant Gate)."
One of the remarkable events foreseen by the Commander of the Faithful was what happened to Rashid al-Hujriyy. When he was captured and taken before 'Ubaydullah b. Ziyad, he was asked: "What did 'Ali tell you I would do to you?" He replied: "That you would cut off my hands and feet and hang me from the gibbet."
'Ubaydullah exclaimed: "I swear by God that I will do the opposite of what 'Ali predicted to make it obvious that he was lying." So he commanded that Rashid be set free. But just as Rashid was about to leave the all, 'Ubaydullah gave orders for him to be brought back, saying the harshest punishment I can conceive for him is to cut off his hands and feet and to hang him from the gibbet." For he thought that this would help him to efface all trace of justice from society. 'Ubaydullah's orders were carried out, but Rash id continued courageously to voice his convictions.
These are a few examples of the stories that are to be found in books of history and tradition drawn up by compilers who lived at different places and in different periods. They compel any fair minded person to conclude that the Immaculate Imams were in communication with the world of the unseen and had the ability, with the permission of God, to gain knowledge of hidden truths whenever they wished.
1. Alexis Carrel, Insan, Mawjud-i Nashinakhteh, pp. 135 ff.
2. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p.256.
4. al-Majlisi, Bihar al-anwar, Vol. XXVI, p. 115.
5. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. II, p.258.
6. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 192.
7. al-Majlisi, Bihar al-anwar, XXVI, p. 110.
8. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p.261.
9. al-Majlisi, Bihar al-anwar, Vol. XXVI, p. 27.
11. al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, Vol. I, p.261.
12. Bihar al-anwar, Vol. XXVI, p. 141.
13. Ibn Abi 'l-Hadid, Sharh, Vol. II, p. 175.
16. Hurr al-'Amili, Ithbat al-Hudat, Vol. V, p.147.
17. Abu al-Faraj al-Isbahani, Maqatil al-Talibiyyin, p. 172.
18. Hurr al-'Amili, Ithbat al-Hudat, Vol. V, p.266.
19. Abu al-Faraj al-Isbahani, Maqatil al-Talibiyyin, p.298.
20. Hurr al-'Amili, Ithbat al-Hudat, Vol. V, p.207.
21. Ibid., Vol. VI, p.286.
22. Ibid., Vol. VI, p.213.
23. Ibn Abi'l-Hadid, Sharh, Vol. II, p.286.
24. Ibid., Vol. II, p.294.


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Diversity Week: Embrace Individuality
by TTU-CR / Apr 4, 2019 3:30:00 PM
A university is a place destined for learning, not only about subjects related to one's major, but also about day-to-day worldly issues, communication, teamwork, problem solving, and much more. We are dedicated to making Texas Tech University-Costa Rica (TTU-CR) a campus where students from all around the world, feel safe enough to share their knowledge and experiences. This is how we can thrive as an academic institution and how students can become the professionals and individuals they aspire to be.
Because of this, last week, TTU-CR celebrated DIVERSITY WEEK for the first time. Texas Tech University in Lubbock, hosted DIVERSITY WEEK for the fourth time earlier in the month. This weeklong event allows students, faculty and sta to celebrate their backgrounds and appreciate the importance and value of individuality. We want our students to be open to change and embrace differences, promote a healthy society and help their peers communicate with people from different backgrounds. This will not only help them with their personal growth, but it will also strengthen their communities and facilitate their professional growth.
Initiating a conversation about diversity is a way for us to broaden our knowledge about tolerance, acceptance and respect. Listening to other people's experiences and looking at their struggles from a different point of view, encourages us to develop a more accepting perspective of the differences among us.
TTU-CR believes in the importance of diversity, and that is why we have established our first student organization called the Diversity and Inclusion Raiders Association (DIRA). Our founding members are Virginia Portilla, Daniel Pacheco, Saira Williams, José Domingo Boschini, and David Arciniegas, all gender inclusion advocates, majoring in different branches of STEM.
DIVERSITY WEEK started with a celebration of culture. We decorated our campus with flags, pictures and artifacts representing the cultures on our campus. We also participated in an interactive activity during which students used movement, paint and drawings to demonstrate their personal expressions.
Virginia Portilla, 22, a first-year mathematics major, says one of the first things she planned to do when she started college was to become part of a student organization.
"I had seen in movies and TV shows that universities in the U.S. had student organizations, so when I first came here and they told us that we should think about forming a group, my first thought was to create one about diversity."
As a university, we are proud to have a student organization that supports both cultural and gender diversity.
Not only does it inspire equality of thinking, it also establishes the idea of acceptance as a core value of this institution.
"Diversity for me means being inclusive and not discriminating," said Saira Williams, 19. "It's important because every time we learn about diversity, we begin to understand and respect different cultures, and we even look at these from a different perspective."
To show our students and community how committed we are to reinforcing cultural and gender diversity, we celebrated Pride Day in the most colorful way possible. We surprised our students with multicolored decorations and countless balloons, and as an after-class activity, we hosted a Movie Night where students watched a documentary called Gaycation and took part in an interesting discussion with guest speaker and trans-activist, Victoria Rovira.
We celebrated the last day of DIVERSITY WEEK with a tremendous feast. As part of our cultural diversity project, students brought food from their native countries. We tasted dishes from 10 countries, including Mexico, the Netherlands, Guatemala, Colombia, Israel and Peru. Students decorated their stands and showed off their national delights; some even got creative and built their own stands and performed national dances.
As the university continues to grow and more students begin to fill our hallways, we would love to see more of you join DIRA, but also to have the initiative to create an organization of your own. In the coming months, DIRA plans to introduce the Allies Program, one that is already in action on the Lubbock campus.
This program aims to educate on LGBTQI issues as well as to provide support to students, faculty, and sta on related matters.
Students would also like to bring speakers to the University to talk about the usage of correct LGBTQI terminology. Some members feel that more common than not, people are unaware of their habit of using discriminatory language, therefore it's important to educate our community on adequate words and phrases.
"A lot of the time, LGBTQI people feel no one has their back. They often feel lonely," Portilla said. "With the Allies Program, we want them to know that if something happens, if they ever feel discriminated against, they can come to us for support."
If you are an advocate of diversity of thinking, inclusion, and gender equality, Texas Tech-Costa Rica is a match for you. Come visit us and learn more about our upcoming events. We welcome you to become a diverse Raider!
Topics: STEM, General Information, Campus Life, Diversity, DiversityWeek, DIRA


text:
Danny devito and bette midler movie
24.11.2018 24.11.2018 Dealcisamna
Ruthless People
With Bette Midler, Danny DeVito, Judge Reinhold, Helen Slater. Midler in Ruthless People () Danny DeVito and Anita Morris in Ruthless People ( ) Bette Midler in .. It's nice to see a movie without a lot of toilet humour and f-bombs.
and does the does uber accept prepaid cards
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The film is the story of a couple who kidnap their ex-boss's wife to get revenge and extort money from him. They soon realize he does not want her back and was planning to kill her himself. Meanwhile, the boss's mistress plans a blackmail attempt on him which also does not go as planned. Although it has been perceived that Ruthless People was influenced by O. Henry 's story " The Ransom of Red Chief ", writer Dale Launer claims that it was inspired by the kidnapping of Patricia Hearst and that the similarities between the film and the earlier story were a coincidence. He goes home to murder his wife, but he can't find her. The phone rings and an anonymous man tells him that Barbara has been kidnapped and if Sam informs the media or the police, or if any of their detailed demands are not met, they will kill his wife.
Would you like to tell us about a lower price? If you are a seller for this product, would you like to suggest updates through seller support? The problems arise when the kidnappers discover that their victim's husband does not want her back. Skip to main content. Buy New. Delivery Details.
Sam Stone (Danny DeVito) is a clothing manufacturer, who married his wife Barbara (Bette Midler), for the money that she was supposed to inherit from her.
what is the gravest form of pregnancy induced hypertension
Sign in. See the list. A rich but troubled family find their lives altered by the arrival of a vagrant who tries to drown himself in their swimming pool. Two women unknowingly share the same man, but when he disappears, both go out looking for him and enter his surprisingly dangerous life. Two couples of sisters from New York and from the countryside discover that they are connected in an incredible way. A bitter ex-husband wants his former spouse dead.
Drowning Mona (Theatrical Trailer)
Sign in. A couple, cheated by a vile businessman, kidnap his wife in retaliation, without knowing that their enemy is delighted they did. Sam Stone Danny DeVito is a clothing manufacturer, who married his wife Barbara Bette Midler , for the money that she was supposed to inherit from her dying father, but her father didn't die for another fifteen years. He is now planning to kill her and he tells his girlfriend Carol Dodsworth Anita Morris what he is going to do. He then on his way home to do just that but when he gets there, she's not there. He then receives a call from someone claiming to have kidnapped Barbara and threatening to kill her if he informs the police, which he does hoping that they do. What Stone doesn't know is that the kidnappers, Ken Judge Reinhold and Sandy Helen Slater Kessler are a couple whose idea for a garment he stole and made fortune off, are not that lethal, as a matter of fact Barbara's more lethal.
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The falling loonie is expected to help boost the bottom lines of Canadian retailers heading into the back-to-school season.
There will be an expected four per cent increase in back-to-school spending in Canada this year, according to global professional services firm Ernst & Young.
The lower Canadian dollar likely means consumers will be making their purchases closer to home, said Daniel Baer, Ernst & Young's Canadian retail and consumer products sector leader.
"We do expect fewer dollars to be spent cross-border. And when we say that, (we are referring to) people who physically go cross-border, but also people who shop on U.S. sites," he said in a phone interview from Montreal.
The Canadian dollar closed at 75.87 cents US Tuesday, which means that that a U.S. dollar now costs about $1.32 Cdn to buy.
Recent universal child-care benefit payments from the federal government will also likely translate into additional disposable income for consumers to devote to back-to-school spending, said Baer. On the flipside, inflation, higher housing costs and economic uncertainty may curb the appetite among consumers to spend.
British Columbia and Ontario will lead sales, while the Maritimes and Quebec will continue to lag behind the national average, with little growth expected.
Meanwhile, Alberta and Saskatchewan, who are typically leaders in the category, are expected to post back-to-school sales in the red.
Baer said the changes are a "big function" of how the province is performing economically. He pointed to Alberta, which previously saw a retail sales growth higher than the national average due in part to employment levels and oil prices.
"Their economy was growing that much faster because of economic activity, influx of people into the province and a very low unemployment rate," Baer said.
"Since the price of oil has declined, it's certainly had an impact in terms of the disposable income that the Alberta consumer has; but it also has an impact in terms of the economic stability that the Alberta consumer feels."
A recent Ernst & Young report on redefining retail loyalty looked at the shopping habits of those born between 1997 and 2000 and found a distinction among this segment of Gen Z compared to older generations.
"Coming out of the 2008 recession, I think most people had been living in an economy that's relatively uncertain," said Baer.
"That's kind of driven their experience so they are quite value-driven. So they look for things like free shipping, they look for special sales and discounts more than a baby boomer that may be more economically secure.
"I think it's just a function of when they've grown up and what they've seen going on around them that has made them more value-conscious in that way."
In their hunt for deals and use of technology to comparison shop, those among the Gen Z cohort are less likely to be devoted to one brand, Baer noted.
"They're also influenced a lot by social media, and then again, that makes them less brand loyal. Because if they are influenced by their friends, what they see on social media, it is a bigger influencer than it would have been for baby boomers and then millennials."


text:
Field Guides & Natural History Botany Economic Botany & Ethnobotany
By: Charlotte Bringle Clarke
ISBN: 9780520032675 Paperback Jul 1992 Temporarily out of stock: order now to get this when available
Both American Indians and the pioneers knew and used many different plant species - for food, fibers, medicine, tools, and other purposes. This unique book is a guide to identifying more than 220 such plants. But it goes much further - it also tells the reader how to prepare, cook, and otherwise use them. Some of the dishes for which recipes are given have won culinary prizes. All have been tested not only by the author but also by her students and by journalists - who have been uniformity surprised and impressed. The plants are organized by habitat communities. Description, photos, drawings, and distribution information are given. Where poisonous look-alikes exist, they too are illustrated. Much fascinating information about Indian uses of native and introduced species is included. The author emphasizes conservation considerations; the aim of the book is to educate the reader about intriguing uses of the plants, and to tell how to gather and use the most palatable and abundant species without damaging the environment.
Bestsellers in Economic Botany & Ethnobotany
Vickery's Folk Flora
Hortus Malabaricus and the Socio-Cultural Heritage of India
A Guide to Wild Fruits of Borneo
Blackberries and Their Hybrids
The Apple Book
Medicinal Plants of the World
Seaweed Sustainability
A List of Cultivated and Edible Wild Plants in Nepal
Compendium of Rose Diseases and Pests
Coffee Atlas of Ethiopia
The Tale of Tea
Browse titles in Economic Botany & Ethnobotany


text:
class Lazer {
private:
	bool hit;
	int dmg;
	sf::Vector2f velocity;

	sf::Sprite sprite;
	sf::Texture texture;

	void loadAssets(int);

public:
	Lazer(float, float, float, int);
	~Lazer();

	void update();

	float getX() {
		return sprite.getPosition().x;
	};
	float getY() {
		return sprite.getPosition().y;
	};
	void setX(float val) {
		sprite.setPosition(val, getY());
	};
	void setY(float val) {
		sprite.setPosition(getX(), val);
	};

	void changeHit() {
		hit = true;
	};
	bool isHit() {
		return hit;
	};

	sf::Sprite getSprite() {
		return sprite;
	}

	sf::Vector2f getVelocity() {
		return velocity;
	}

};

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004
2004 CHAPTER 5
Part 5: Correction of Errors
Sections 56-59: Correction of errors in decisions
89.These sections deal with the introduction of a "slip rule" for certain decisions made by the Secretary of State or an inspector under the planning Acts. The Secretary of State and planning inspectors will have power, subject to various conditions, to correct specified types of errors contained in decision letters.
90.This section applies if the Secretary of State or an inspector issues a decision document which contains a correctable error. "Correctable error" is defined as an error which is contained in any part of the decision document which records the decision but which is not part of any reasons given for the decision. The Secretary of State or the inspector may correct the error where he is requested to do so in writing, or where he has written to the applicant explaining that he is considering making a correction.


text:
Android for beginners: Tips and tricks for your new smartphone
Chris Hall · 28 December 2019
- Wondering how to get the most from your new Android phone?
If you're holding your shiny new Android smartphone and wondering how to get the most from it, then you've come to the right place.
Whether this is your first smartphone, you've just hopped over from an iPhone, or you've had a number of Android handsets, we've pulled together some of the best Android tips and tricks to help you get the most from your new phone.
There are different versions of the software, there are plenty of different manufacturer skins layered over that Android core, like those from Samsung, LG or Huawei, and there's a limitless level of customisation you can apply from Google Play, or other third-party sources.
Few Android devices are alike, but all Android devices have the same foundation. So, starting at the beginning, here's how to master your Android phone.
Google Assistant tips and tricks: Master your Android assistant
Sort out your Google account
Android and Google are like peas in a pod. To use Android, you need to use a Google account. That means everything that goes with it - Gmail, calendars, contacts, YouTube, Google Maps and more.
Getting your account in order is something you can do from your PC before you sign into your new device, letting you use the big screen and keyboard to get things straight.
Google incorporates a contacts system which hides within Gmail on your desktop browser. If you have lots of contacts, import them into Google contacts and manage them there. Managing them on a computer makes it much faster to get everything correct before you get started.
If you have your contacts in another form, there are easy ways to import them to Google, as well as scan for duplicates and so on. As your Android life progresses, it's worth popping back to your core Google contacts list to check that everything is still nice and tidy.
If you're thinking of saving contacts to the SIM card and moving them over, it's not worth the effort: better to find the software to import them from your old phone to your PC, to then feed them to Google. It will make your life easier in the future.
Master transfer tools, or just use Google
Many manufacturers offer transfer tools to help you move old content to new places. This might be a desktop app, but more frequently, it's becoming part of the device when you set it up for the first time. Android has the option to restore a previous backup, or set up a device from scratch, as well as offering you the chance to transfer data wirelessly to setup things like your accounts and settings.
Generally speaking, if you've been using Android previously, those items associated with your account will move over without a hitch.
Transferring photos and videos
For things like photos, you might wish to move them to a cloud service if you want to preserve them. This has the added advantage of being a backup if you lose your phone.
Google Photos is the obvious choice for Android users, because it's associated with your account. You just have to install the app and sign in if it's not already on your device. Head to the menu to settings > backup & sync and you'll find all the options to backup photos. It's good to have backup turned on all the time, so your photos are always there, even if you lose your phone.
You can also install Google Photos on the iPhone, again providing a way to backup photos on your iOS device. This will immediately backup local photos, but if you have been using iPhone for some time, you might have to download photos from iCloud - for which you'll probably have to use a PC and additional software.
Another option for photos is OneDrive from Microsoft or Dropbox, as both offer photo backup options and are widely accessible across platforms.
You could also save to a microSD card and move it across, if you have the hardware to support it - but again, moving to the cloud means you have a backup off your phone and you can access photos via browser on your PC.
Google Photos on Google Play
Dropbox on Google Play
OneDrive on Google Play
Transferring SMS and call logs
Many manufacturer transfer services take care of SMS messages and call logs, but you might find that there is no service, or you can't get it to work (that's not uncommon).
To preserve your history of calling and messaging and get it in place on your new phone, then you want to use SMS Backup+. This clever app needs linking to your Google account, and will then backup to that account from the old phone. On the new phone, you can then use the app to connect to your Google account and restore all your messages. It's very simple and works without a hitch.
SMS Backup+ on Google Play
Turn off all those sounds and vibrations
New phones like to buzz, click and beep at every touch. For some reason, manufacturers think that you want to constantly know that you've touched it and all these things are annoying and can even slow the phone down.
Once you've sorted some of the basics, tame those notifications and unwanted vibrations. You'll thank us in the long run.
On a standard Android phone (Pixel, Nokia, Moto, HTC), head into settings > sound > advanced > other sounds and vibrations. Here you'll be able to turn off screen locking, touch sounds and vibrate on tap.
If you want to edit the keyboard vibrations, head into settings > system > languages & input > virtual keyboard, then select your keyboard and head into preferences and you can turn off things like vibrate on keypress.
Sadly, all manufacturers who make their own skin move these things around and change the location of these settings, as do different versions of Android. If you don't have a "sounds" section, then try "sounds & notifications".
Choose the best Android Keyboard
If you've got a phone from a manufacturer like LG, HTC, Samsung, Huawei or many others, you might find that you have a keyboard that's not great. On Android you can use any keyboard you want and there's loads on Google Play.
If you're looking for more customisation and better autocorrect and suggestions, the SwiftKey is a great keyboard that learns from you better and offers lots of tweaking.
See SwiftKey on Google Play
However, if you just want speed and simplicity then you'll find that Gboard - the Google Keyboard - is actually one of the best out there. It's the stock keyboard for Android, so it comes on many devices already. If you've not got it, then it's a must.
See Gboard on Google Play
Changing keyboards is pretty simple. In most cases, when you've downloaded a new keyboard, just top on "open" in Google Play or tap the notification and you'll launch into the setup.
Which is the best Android browser?
There are lots of browsers available for Android, with each offering a range of different options. The stock browser is Chrome and that's the best Android browser for many people, as it syncs with Chrome on the desktop and gives easy access to your Google history.
However, when you're looking at a new device, you might find that you have another browser, likely one that has been tinkered with by the device manufacturer. More often than not, you can ignore it and go straight for Chrome. If you have more than one browser installed, the phone will ask you which to open until you select a default. Often you just have to tap the message that pops up and you're done.
Get to your settings faster
Swiping down the notifications bar will get you access to shortcuts for various hardware toggles. It's here you can turn off things like Bluetooth or Wi-Fi quickly and easily. Many manufacturers edit this area, so Samsung, LG, HTC and Pixel devices all look different, but they all work in the same way.
Swipe down with two fingers and it will take you straight to those toggles, or swipe down twice to get the whole thing open.
The top tip here is to long press the quick setting and you'll go to the full menu for that area. For example, if Wi-Fi is causing you problems, long press on the quick setting icon and you'll go through to the full Wi-Fi menu.
If you want to head to the full setting menu, tap the cog in the notifications area when you swipe down, rather than trying to find the option in the apps tray.
Data not working?
Smartphones are complex beasties and sometimes things just stop working. The bar says you have full reception, but nothing is moving, you can't get that site to load or that tweet to send.
Try flipping the phone into Aeroplane/Airplane mode and back again. This will sever your connection and re-establish it, and hopefully things will start moving again. You can get to Aeroplane mode via the quick settings grid mentioned above.
Wi-Fi not working?
Just like cellular data, sometimes Wi-Fi goes on the blink. Often, just opening the quick settings and toggling Wi-Fi off and then back on again, will re-establish the connection.
Customise your Android home pages
The homepage is front of the queue when it comes to customisation. Your new phone will probably come with a range of shortcuts and widgets spread across a number of pages.
If you don't want them, delete them with a long press and drag them to the trash can. You can also usually delete the pages they're sitting on: there's no need to have seven home pages if they're all empty.
Different versions of Android and different manufacturers have slightly different approaches to home page customisation. Normally a long press on the background wallpaper, or a pinch on the background will get you started, but it differs from device to device.
If you're just struggling for wallpaper suggestions, then try the Android Wallpapers app, or browse our gallery of wallpapers you could use.
See Wallpapers on Google Play
Lots of great wallpaper suggestions for your phone
What Android Launcher should I use?
If you're new to Android, the term launcher might be confusing. The launcher is basically the home pages and the apps tray. It's the home of your phone.
Your device will come with a launcher in place, that of the manufacturer. If you don't like it and want a different look to your phone, it's really easy to switch to an alternative and there are loads in Google Play.
When you install a new launcher, the original stays on the phone so you're not losing it, you're just telling the phone to use a different launcher instead, meaning you can escape from the looks of Samsung One UI if you don't like it, for example, and have something a little more unique.
If you want to get closer to Google, then the Google Now launcher will give you access to more information with a swipe and give you generally a clean Android look and feel.
See Google Now launcher on Google Play
If you want more control and customisation - as well as the ability to emulate some of the latest features from some top Android phones - then there are few launchers as capable as Nova Launcher. The options are almost endless.
See Nova Launcher on Google Play
How do I take an Android screenshot?
Simply hold standby and volume down at the same time and you'll get a screenshot of whatever you're looking at. Not everything can be captured, however. Some protected content, such as video playing in some apps, won't appear in your screenshot.
Screenshots are stored in the gallery in their own folder, but if you're looking to share, you can do straight from the notifications bar once it has saved.
There are a few variations on this combination of button presses now. Samsung used to use volume down and the home button, but now it uses the same combination as everyone else.
Use Android folders
Folders are a great way to organise your apps on your home page. To be extra efficient, you can also place folders on the shortcut bar at the bottom of the display.
This means you can have lots of your core apps to hand without them cluttering up your home page, so that lovely wallpaper of your cat remains visible.
To create a folder, just drag one app shortcut over another and a folder will be automatically created.
Some devices will also let you make folders in the apps tray (menu) which is a great way to organise everything in there and make it easier to find your app. That said, if you've done a good job with folders on your home page, you'll find yourself rarely using the main apps tray.
SD card or not?
If you're lucky enough to have a microSD card slot on your device, there are a few things you should know about it.
MicroSD is a great place for storing additional content for your device, or to expand the storage you have. If you have a device that's running Android 6 Marshmallow or later you might have access to something called Flex Storage or Adoptable Storage. This lets you use the microSD card as expanded internal storage. The microSD card's capacity will be assimilated and used for everything the phone wants.
Flex Storage is a great option for those with a low storage device as it means you can expand it and accept more apps. If you opt not to use Flex Storage, you can't always use it for installing more apps - it will only be used for storing files, like music or photos.
Importantly, if you're opting to use microSD, you should buy the fastest card you can to ensure that you're not slowing the phone down when it comes to accessing the data you have on it. Fortunately microSD is cheap and plentiful through retailers like Amazon.
See microSD cards on Amazon UK | Amazon US
Moving files to and from your phone
Android is great in that it gives you so much flexibility for carrying and using all sorts of files. Embracing the cloud is preferable to using wire and you have plenty of options to get access to those PDFs or whatever else you want. You can use Google Drive to move files easily and you can then access these through any browser, or on any Android device, or with apps elsewhere.
Google's apps will let you edit them easily and there are free applications for things like Docs and Sheets, ideal for working on your documents on the move. Alternatively, Microsoft offers free Office apps for Android, although some features are only available to Office 365 subscribers. It works in cahoots with OneDrive, again, so you can have seamless access to your important files across devices.
Alternatively, Dropbox will do much the same thing. Install the app and you'll be able to move files through the cloud over to your device.
If you do want to use wire - and that's sometimes better for larger files like video - then you have several options. Many manufacturers bundle software with devices, although this tends to focus on photo and music syncing and is often more trouble than it's worth. Instead, you can just access the device through Windows once plugged in via USB, so you can just drag and drop files.
On a Mac, you'll need to install an application called Android File Transfer. Once in place, you can again drag and drop directly to your device's memory.
Note however, that there are various settings on your phone to handle USB connections. You'll be given the choice of what you want to do, but these days, using cloud syncing is often the fastest and easiest option.
Sections Tablets Phones Apps


Paul Mason v. Sarkozy: "Rest assured I have a whole bunch of other impertinent questions to ask heads of state"
It's evident that you and Mme Merkel, the two most powerful governments in Europe, are trying to change the governments of Italy and Greece. How is that just? And once it's started, where does it stop?
Sarkozy bitterly retorted that Mason does not understand "the subtleties of the European construction" because he is "from an island."
Given that within hours Italy has been forced to accept IMF "surveillance," and that EU officials are at pains to establish a national unity government in Greece, Mason's questions surely deserve a better answer.
It is like pass the parcel with a stick of financial Semtex: Greece as the detonator, Italy as the explosive mass.
Europe's problems nearly always start with miscommunication: the Ems telegram and the Zidane headbutt being just two examples. It's better to vent frustration and to address the unasked questions.
Rest assured I have a whole bunch of other impertinent questions to ask the heads of state of China, Russia etc should they care to come on Newsnight.
Visit the BBC News to read Paul Mason's article in full.


text:
Venom - Nominae Satanas
36.99 Color Vinyl 2XLP
Collection of early, vicious VENOM!
Venom are an English extreme metal band formed in 1979 in Newcastle upon Tyne. Coming to prominence towards the end of the new wave of British heavy metal, Venom's first two albums-Welcome to Hell (1981) and Black Metal (1982)-are considered a major influence on thrash metal and extreme metal in general. Venom's second album proved influential enough that it's title was used as the name of the extreme metal subgenre of black metal. The band classic line-up trio of Cronos, Mantas and Abaddon recorded two further studio albums At War With Satan (1984) and Possessed (1985) and live album Eine Kleine Nachtmusik (1986). Often cited by bands such as Metallica, Behemoth, Celtic Frost and Mayhem as major influences, they are one of the most revered bands of their generation. Venom are still fronted by original singer/bassist Cronos and headline festivals all over the globe and continue to release new music. In Nomine Satanas is a celebration of the bands formative years, containing twenty two of the bands most evil songs. Remastered and pressed on double splatter vinyl to celebrate 40 hellish years! The album also includes a new interview with Cronos, Mantas and Abaddon.
1 Welcome to Hell (2019 - Remaster)
2 Angel Dust (2019 - Remaster)
3 In League with Satan (2019 - Remaster)
4 In Nomine Satanas (Single Version) [2019 - Remaster]
5 One Thousand Days in Sodom (2019 - Remaster)
6 Bloodlust (Single Version) [2019 - Remaster]
1 Black Metal (2019 - Remaster)
2 Buried Alive (2019 - Remaster)
3 Countess Bathory (2019 - Remaster)
4 Teacher's Pet (2019 - Remaster)
5 At War with Satan (Intro) [2019 - Remaster]
1 Die Hard (2019 - Remaster)
2 Stand Up (And Be Counted) [2019 - Remaster]
3 Women, Leather and Hell (2019 - Remaster)
4 Warhead (2019 - Remaster)
5 Lady Lust (2019 - Remaster)
6 Woman (2019 - Remaster)
1 Manitou (2019 - Remaster)
2 Satanachist (2019 - Remaster)
3 Too Loud (For the Crowd) [2019 Remaster]
4 Possessed (2019 - Remaster)
5 Nightmare (2019 - Remaster)


NOTE! The exhibition Prehistories will be temporarily closed during the period January 29 to February 22 due to renovations in the museum.
In the exhibition Prehistories history is made up of many different stories. Find out about eight thrilling life stories. These people lived in the Stone Age, the Bronze Age or the Iron Age.
Finds and objects help us to answer questions such as: What were relationships like between men and women? What was their view of death? What did they do? How did different groups in society live? How did Roman objects end up in Swedish graves?
The more finds we discover, the more we learn about prehistory. The exhibition presents new interpretations of ancient finds.
You will find the exhibition Prehistories at the ground floor.
In the first part of the Prehistories exhibition, you walk through the earliest history, long before Sweden as we know it today existed. You will meet various people, read about their fates and see artefacts from the places where they lived.
One of the oldest known women in Sweden was buried one spring day about 9,000 years ago at Barum (Bäckaskog) in Skåne. During the ceremony she was placed in a pit with her legs drawn up and her hands in front of her breast, just as you see her now. When excavated in 1939, she was taken for a man at first, because the grave contained hunting weapons. But skeletal analyses by osteologists (bone experts) later disproved this. Modern excavations have revealed that women at that time often went hunting and fishing, as well as gathering. In this exhibition you will also meet an elderly man and a small child who lived in the 6th millennium BC at Skateholm, east of the town Trelleborg.
They were buried together. The man lies as if sleeping, facing the child, who has been powdered with red ochre, which archaeologists take to be a symbol of life.
Later on in early agricultural communities people's need of communal monuments and memorials was clearly testified. Selected individuals were buried in large stone chamber tombs. You can find such a grave from western Sweden on display here. The grave is a passage tomb in which over a hundred people were buried in the course of 800 years, between about 3500 and 2700 BC, making about two persons per generation. More permanent, agricultural settlement enabled people to accumulate more material wealth. Pottery in many forms and with many different kinds of decoration became popular, not only as storage, cooking vessels and "tableware" but also as a manifestation of social standing.
Contacts with the outside world were steadily intensified from the 3rd millennium BC onwards. This can be seen from the possessions of an upper class which became established in the 18th century BC. They were buried in great barrows (tumuli), in keeping with the ideals of the new age, along with jewellery and weapons of bronze and gold. The male grave goods included swords, which were an innovation. The objects were often big and flashy, richly decorated with spirals and abstract patterning. The wealth of this upper class was probably based on control of metal imports; no metals were extracted in Scandinavia itself. The social structure which now came into being has, in various forms, survived well into historical times. The artefacts you see in the exhibition were status symbols betokening power and affluence, and some of them were sacrificed to gods and goddesses. They have been found in bogs and lakes.
The art of bronze casting came to Scandinavia in about 1800-1700 BC, and traces have been unearthed on many settlement sites. You can see clay crucibles, for melting copper and tin, as well as soapstone casting moulds. Aside from metals, the population went on using stone, wood and horn for making its implements and other artefacts all through prehistory.
People communicated with each other, and probably also with the gods, through a pictorial language, rock carvings. These are to be found on many outcrops in the landscape or on boulders, like the one shown here, from Öland. The boulder shows horse-like animals and a ship with people on board. At the very top you see a circular figure, and at the sides a large number of tiny cavities (cup marks) have been gouged out. The circular figure is usually taken to be a solar symbol, while the cup marks are believed to have had a more general magical significance.
Real writing, in the form of runes, can be seen on the stones from Blekinge and Gotland. Runic script goes back nearly 2,000 years. It is believed to have been inspired by the Latin alphabet, buts its alphabetical order is quite different, suggesting that runes were devised at some distance from the Roman Empire, perhaps in south Scandinavia.
Next to the stones you see a young woman's burial from Gårdlösa in Skåne. She wore a silver fibula (costume pin) with the name "ek unwodz" (I Unvodz) scribed in runes on the back. We do not know whom this name refers to – perhaps the young woman, perhaps the person who made the fibula, or perhaps the fibula itself? This woman lived in the 3rd century, contemporary with a man also buried in Skåne, in Öremölla. Both of them belonged to a privileged social class influenced by the technology, art and fashion of the Roman Empire. Roman influences extended well beyond the confines of the Empire itself, all the way up to Scandinavia.
The Öremölla man had adopted a Roman lifestyle. He was buried with a complete Roman drinking set of bronze, comprising serving vessels, a ladle and wine strainers. The two drinking glasses in the service are of superb quality and were probably made by an Egyptian or Syrian glassblower.
Figurative art now superseded the more abstract decoration of preceding ages, showing an abundance of fabulous beasts, not all of them readily understandable. Look at the magnificent relief brooches which adorned women's costumes in the 5th and 6th centuries and were found in Jämtland, Hälsingland and Uppland.
The hall was the principal room of dwelling houses, rather like our present-day living room, and it became an especially important social venue from the 5th century onwards. There you could flaunt your opulence and social standing and give generous banquets. Food was important. Large iron cauldrons were suspended on stout chains over the great hearth. One such pot is shown here, with iron forks and an exclusive bronze plate beside it. Kitchen equipment like this could accompany the upper class in death, for use in the life hereafter.
At these banquets, people played board games and musicians entertained them on the lyre. This was the kind of milieu frequented by an aristocrat from Uppland, whose weapons and ornamental helmet were masterpieces made by skilled craftsmen. A similar life was led by an upper-class woman from Öland. Her grave gifts included a large bead necklace. Those artefacts are now fragments only, the dead woman having been cremated on a funeral pyre. Both these people lived in the 8th century, and finds from their burials are on display here.
The hall was also a setting for religious rites and the telling of myths and sagas. You can see small, partly gilded male fertility f igurines, and miniature gold foils of couples kissing, unearthed in Södermanland and Uppland. Perhaps the kissing gold foil figures represent Frey, the god of love, and the giantess Gerd, both of them figures of Old Norse mythology.
The second part of Prehistories takes you on a journey in time and space. At the centre is a long transit hall, from which you are lured into journeys through different exits. In the rooms you come to, you will be asked thematic questions about who you are, whither you are bound, how big your world is and who controls it. Artefacts from various periods and places are discussed, and there will be some questions which only you know the answers to.
You will find the questions about who you are and where you come from in the transit hall, at separate ends. Depictions of human figures, plus amalgamations of man and beast, give us an insight into the way prehistoric people saw themselves and their relation to the gods and animal life. Look, for example, at the early figurines which were found in Skåne and Västergötland and are taken to represent priestesses or goddesses. They can be dated to between the 8th and 6th centuries BC. The two small behatted men of bronze from Skåne are older still, dated to the 14th century BC. The bird mask with human features, from Halland, is hollow and was probably fitted to a processional wand. The ceremonial axe shaped like an elk head, from Uppland, may have served the same purpose. This is an artistic masterpiece, made some time between 4000 and 1800 BC. Underneath it has a tapered hole, showing that it came with a shaft. This axe probably came here from present-day Finland or Russia.
In one of the thematic exits you will be asked, "Who do you live with?" This trip raises different perspectives on family norms, e.g. objects signalling different gender or social roles, such as costume details and weaponry. There are exhibits distinguishing between men and women, but also "unisex" ornaments in the form of brooches and pins. Children and the view taken of them are an elusive topic in prehistory. Look at the small exhibits which were presumably made for children. Often they are miniature versions of implements and jewellery to be found in the adult world.
Our whole story is shot through with contacts, interchange and travel. Travel in itself can be perceived as an existential motive force operating, not only in life but also to the underworld, the realm of the dead, as illustrated on the picture stones of Gotland, one of which is on the wall in the long transit hall. In the centre of the hall you have status-enhancing objects from voyages and contacts, such as a Roman vase with a temple inscription dedicated to the sun god Apollo Grannus. It was found in Västmanland. An accumulated fortune which was hidden in the ground during the 6th century BC, at Glanshammar in Närke, testifies to contacts with Greece, Italy and Austria. This exhibition also features a scimitar from Östergötland, the shape of which imitates swords from Asia Minor and the Danube basin.
Eastward contacts are visible in the finds from Överkalix in Norrbotten, where a group of people lived sometime between the 5th and 3rd millennia BC, namely storage vessels (known as comb ware) and types of flint occurring in Finland and Russia and as far away as the Urals.
We have another kind of travel in the colonists who looked for new lands to live on as the ice cap retreated during our very earliest history. You can see 14,000-year-old implements left by the earliest migrants in present-day Skåne, Dalarna, Hälsingland, Härjedalen, Lappland and Södermanland.
Two exits lead to rooms on the subject of power and beliefs. Religion and sacrifice played an important part in people's thoughts and actions. Splendid daggers of finely worked flint were one way of manifesting one's status and power, before they were sacrificed to the gods in the 3rd millennium BC. They are so skilfully carved that the flint blades are semi-transparent when held up to the light. These daggers were modelled on bronze ones in Central Europe. One of the loveliest here is from Skatelöv in Småland. A few centuries later, bronze and gold became the main metals for votive use. Two ceremonial axes from Södermanland were used in religious rituals. They could not possibly have served any practical purpose, consisting as they do of a clay core with a thin bronze overlay.
tubes for a woollen skirt together with jewellery.
Other, more warlike offerings are also on display. These are known as war booty sacrifices. From the 1st century AD, a tradition developed in many regions of depositing large quantities of broken weapons and military equipment in wetlands. Presumably this was the property of a defeated enemy, sacrificed to the gods after the weapons had been broken up and rendered unserviceable. One such sacrificial find, from Öland, can be seen in the exhibition. That votive ritual also featured bones of humans and animals.
People's world pictures in different periods were sometimes manifested in their artefacts and also pictorially. There are thousands of rock carvings at Nämforsen, the mightiest waterfall in Ångermanland. These are taken to be communications with the world of spirits, and the oldest of them were carved no less than 6,000 years ago. The surroundings of the waterfall show traces of settlement. These are also on show here.
here. It was divided into two sections. Perhaps different clans with different lifestyles converged here.
ceremonially in Skåne 3,500 years ago.
The last exit takes you down to the 19th and 20th centuries. Here questions are asked about which people make history, which people interpret it and the purposes it can be applied to. Read about trendsetting 19th century archaeologists like Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, Sven Nilsson and Oscar Montelius. These men defined different periods, categories and regions in schemes which, on the whole, archaeologists are still using to sort and date artefacts. But views concerning the choice of objects worth saving for posterity have changed several times, and this is an ongoing topic of discussion.
Some objects have been used to legitimize political statements, like the iron and bronze helmet from Uppland (on display in the Gold Room). It formed part of National Romantic mythologising about a unified kingdom of the Svea during the 19th century. Classification of prehistoric human remains was another topic that occupied scholars with a race-biological view.


text:
SHELL GAME
Trump sold $1.5 billion of condos to potential money launderers thanks to this gaping loophole
No timeout for cash.
Image: AP Photo/ Evan Vucci
Max de Haldevang
Donald Trump's love of secretive shell companies has been well documented. He makes extensive use of them for his own businesses and since his election 70% of his company's property sales have been made to limited-liability corporations (LLCs), according to USA Today.
In an extensive roundup of all the real-estate sales Trump has made since the 1980s, BuzzFeed found that more than 1,300 condos worth around $1.5 billion either owned or licensed by Trump were bought by shell companies in all-cash transactions. That's 21% of the Trump Organization's condo sales in the US, BuzzFeed reports.
Why this is a problem
The Treasury Department's financial crimes unit says (pdf) shell companies and cash purchases are two of the most common ways of laundering money through real estate. Buying with cash lets criminals bypass anti-money laundering reviews that banks have to make when approving mortgages. Meanwhile, shell companies can provide an extraordinary level of secrecy, making it impossible for even the seller to know who they're making a deal with.
That helps out a huge array of people who want to hide illicit funds. As Shruti Shah of anti-corruption NGO Coalition for Integrity puts it, shell firms' secrecy makes them "a favorite tool for just about any criminal from tax evaders and money launderers to drug traffickers and kleptocrats." The secrecy also has serious implications for national security—as shown in the case of a $500-million Manhattan skyscraper, which Iran secretly used as a slush fund for two decades without the US government knowing about it.
How shell companies get away with it
When the Bush administration pushed through the Patriot Act after the 9/11 attacks, it essentially gave big property sellers a pass. Under the law, banks have to find out who owns shell companies before doing business with them, but the real-estate sector got a temporary exemption. Seventeen years later, that exemption is still in place—despite the fact that almost half (paywall) the expensive residential properties in the US are owned through shell companies, according to a 2015 New York Times investigation.
The Treasury has set up a mechanism that forces title-insurance providers in seven major cities—including big Trump markets such as New York, Miami, and Palm Beach—to tell the government the real identities of all-cash buyers who use shell companies. However, after they pass on that information, nothing happens. That's even though 30% of the buyers involved have been the subject of a previous suspicious-activity report, according to the Treasury.
With Trump in office, the chances of plugging this gaping hole in America's money-laundering defenses don't look great. Last summer, a bipartisan group of lawmakers introduced bills in the House and Senate to force US-based shell companies to disclose their actual owners to the Treasury, but so far they've gained little traction.


Kevin Duffy on the stock market.
And subsidize the shiftless . . . again.
Kevin Duffy on the economic twilight zone.
Kevin Duffy on what drives it.
Were Friends of the Fed Tipped Off?
Kevin Duffy on the corruptions of central banking.
Kevin Duffy on the subprime follies.
Kevin Duffy on the financial blowout.
Kevin Duffy on fractional-reserves, the Fed and the bubble.
Kevin Duffy on the personal answer to both.
Kevin Duffy on what really happened in Houston.
In natural disasters and financial ones.
Kevin Duffy on timing and the housing bubble.
Attention bankruptcy specialists and divorce lawyers. Business is about to improve, says Kevin Duffy.
Kevin Duffy on the Super Bowl Indicator.
Kevin Duffy on investing as an entrepreneurial endeavor.


It's not that I don't have a ton of inspiration or lots to write about. I do. Unfortunately, the electric charge of inspiring gets lost in the tangle of making a 60-page thesis read smoothly, hang together conceptually, and not squash the fragile belief that this work may contribute in some way.
Lightening up the grip on 108ZB has to be one of the most frightening things I've done. I struggled with the fear of losing the readership, the chatty comments, and the feeling of connection I get when my blogging friends pingback a post. My mentor tells me it's all about being in alignment with my values. But when fear is a value – in some bizarre way – it precludes alignment.
As long as I cling because I am fearful, I am doomed to careen around my life on a wobbly frame. So, letting go of 108ZB until the thesis got written became important. Not because the thesis is more valued but because adjusting the misalignment – whatever object caused it – must always take priority if practice is to be true to its purpose.
I committed to joining in building these links and will set it up for next week when I'm at Rohatsu. If you'd click "like" for post categories in bold, it will be fun to see what you think and make this a community event!
Until then, a safe and Happy Thanksgiving to my US friends and deep gratitude to all of you for being so supportive of me!
We miss you too, Lynette!! Which will make your posts all the tastier to savour when you return.
There are a few blogs I read that don't publish that often. And for me, there is this feeling of anticipation I have when these folks do post. It's like a little treasure or treat I love to open.
So we look forward to unwrapping your treasures when they are delivered!
ps thanks for the SO!
Thanks, Carole! That 7 Links project is tough. But it will be a fun break to my writing today.
Hey Christine! It's a picture of my car windshield. First frost. Gbrrrrr! I feel like a groundhog poking my head up every so often. At least I'm not a whack-a-mole!
Actually, I might post the Buddhisty section next week if I get up the courage.
Glad you're focusing on the work you need to do. I've struggled to take short breaks from DH. It's hard to let go of, I totally agree.
Thanks Nathan! I am enjoying following your deep commitment to the Occupy movement. I didn't check into my blogsite for a week and it actually was nice not to worry about what I should write, how I should write it, etc.
This reader ain't going nowhere (excepting retreats and stuff).


text:
Bloody Elbow Exclusive: Nick Diaz vs. Jeff Lacy Purse and TV Information
By Brent Brookhouse May 7, 2011, 8:00am EDT
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I had the chance to talk to Jeff Lacy's manager, Joey Gilbert, about the deal between Strikeforce welterweight champion Nick Diaz and former world super middleweight boxing champion Jeff Lacy to square off in a boxing match. Gilbert shared some very interesting information about the bout.
When I asked for information on the purses the fighters would be paid, Gilbert managed to surprise me. "Nick Diaz will be making at least the $175,000 he made in his last MMA bout, possibly slightly more." Another interesting development in terms of the payouts followed when Gilbert said "Jeff Lacy is actually making slightly less than Diaz." He then went on to explain that Lacy was willing to take less than the 50/50 split that we discussed the last time we spoke because he wanted to make sure they got the deal done.
I've been very up front about the fact that I did not think there was more than $50,000 in a boxing match for Diaz against a Lacy or Fernando Vargas. Of course, I was also talking about the fact that I didn't think a network would put up money for the fight to have that high of a purse.
Some argued that Showtime would pour money into the fight because they wanted an MMA fighter they could cross-promote with boxing. But this was clearly not a Showtime project, as Gilbert explains "Right now we're ready to go with an independent pay-per-view, but Showtime would be crazy not to pick this up. Jeff Lacy made his name on Showtime and Nick Diaz is a champion in mixed martial arts and a Showtime fighter."
It's certainly not out of the question that Showtime will get involved. But again, Diaz in boxing was a Nick Diaz project, not part of the grand Showtime marketing scheme.
Finally, Gilbert said that the bout would be a ten round fight.
Bloody Elbow will have much more on the fight in the coming weeks as details continue to emerge. I plan on sitting down with Lacy next week to discuss why he is taking the fight, what risks he thinks Diaz presents and how he intends on dealing with Diaz's iron will and jaw.


text:
Content Management White Paper: Real-World Metadata
By Picturepark Communication Team • Mar 20, 2018
Those familiar with digital asset management understand the value of accurate and complete metadata profiles. In short, if content does not include quality metadata, that content is as good as lost.
When you type a search term in a content system, you are asking the system to match that term to available metadata profiles. In fact, the actual content associated with the metadata profiles is rarely, if ever, considered in search operations. When content is of a type that contains text, such as documents, it can be helpful to consider that text in search operations; but in most cases, metadata matches are given priority because metadata can lead to more reasonable and expected search results.
There are a few reasons why metadata profiles are more valuable than content when it comes to search:
Visual content, such as images or video, might contain no words
Textual content can be too abstract or varied to provide meaningful search results
Metadata profiles can be designed to improve search, or extend data found in the content
That last point is key. When designing metadata profiles, you can account for the ways in which you expect users to find content. By creating metadata fields and values for those purposes, you can provide textual content that is weighted more heavily in search results.
Consider the content you are now reading. If you already knew of this document and you were trying to find it in a content system, you might use words from the title, such as "routing content enterprise," or something similar. But if you were looking to discover new content similar to this document, and you had no idea that this document existed, there is no guarantee that you would think to search for these terms.
Without knowing the title of a given document, you would likely search for terms you expected to be within the content. The problem with the terms routing, content and enterprise is that they are found within many documents. Worse, the documents that contain the terms might have little or nothing to do with routing content through the enterprise.
This is why metadata profiles are so important. They enable you to define the gist of a given piece of content, using terms users are likely to use.
For similar reasons, metadata is important to search results from third party search engines, such as Google. Though Google is primarily a content search engine, it does consider metadata that is associated with content in certain ways. This can be expected to become even more valuable over time because Google (the company) is a proponent of linked data, sometimes called semantic metadata.
Linked data can be thought of as connections to external information that help define a given object. For example, if Google were to see that a content item called, "The Smartest Little Phone" was linked to the topic "children's books," Google could surmise that the content was not about compact mobile devices.
Metadata can also provide historical information about content. Though this could, of course, include actual historic information about photos of ruins, and such, it also refers to the history of the content itself: When was it created? When was it last updated? When is it due for another update?
Historic metadata can also refer to licensing or the planning or production discussions mentioned previously.
The current status of content is also represented by metadata. Simple statuses, such as "In Draft" or "Approved for Use" can be used to let users know what they can and cannot use. But status values can also apply to considerations like popularity, regional interest and more.
Most commonly, metadata is used to describe content itself. An image contains a "flower" or it was taken during "daylight" or in the middle of "summer."
Users typically think first of descriptive metadata when performing searches. But when faced with too many results for a given search operation, they start to think of options for refining those results. This is why the value of a complete and accurate metadata profile for each piece of content is so important.
Even better if the content system supports flexible metadata profiles. Picturepark content systems, for example, support a technology called Adaptive Metadata. The value of this is that each piece of content in a system can potentially have a totally unique metadata profile. While in practice, this is not usually the case; it is common for a Picturepark system to support many different profiles, depending on the types of content in use in that system.
For example, content related to an event might call for metadata values that are unique to that type of content:
Sponsoring department
It would make no sense to include metadata fields for these purposes on, say, your financial or product documents. Yet, in systems that do not support flexible metadata profiles, this is what you would have to do if you wanted to include this information on your headshots.
Adaptive Metadata also permits metadata profiles to change over time. This is valuable, for example, when using the technology to provide extra fields for production or review. When the fields are needed, they can be added by any permitted user. When they are no longer needed, they can be removed by any permitted user.
In making metadata profiles so flexible, users find Picturepark systems less complicated because they see on each piece of content only those metadata values that make sense.
Dieser Blog ist nur in Englisch verfügbar – bitte wechseln Sie die Sprache.
This excerpt from Picturepark's Routing Digital Content through the Enterprise is part of a multi-part blog series that features sections of the complete document.
Users and Flow
User Groups and Roles
Content Creation and Acquisition
Access for Collaboration
Storage and Archiving
Collaborative Communication
Real-World Metadata
Automated Metadata
Archiving Content
Content Routing
Making Content Available
Output Channels
If your content production or management should include collaborative interaction between employees and, optionally, freelancers or agencies, you'll need some means for facilitating that communication.
Automated metadata tagging is becoming more common in content management. The premise of such a technology is alluring: Send an image or video to a service and have it send back a selection of tags that describe the content.


I want to thank Cost Plus World Market for partnering with me on this Halloween Entertaining post. All opinions are my own.
It is time to talk Halloween entertaining! Since our kids were little, we have always hosted a Halloween party at our house for my family on Halloween. My family comes over around four to eat dinner (so the kids are full of something good and not wanting to stuff their faces with candy). Then, we help the kids get into their costumes so we can take pictures before it gets too dark. Then, it is time to head out to trick-or-treat around the neighborhood. It is something we look forward to every year and the kids have made so many Halloween memories over the years.
Halloween entertaining is always fun because it is different from any other holiday. You can dress up to be whoever you want and you can decorate totally different from your normal decor. Who doesn't love to step out of the mundane "everyday"? Along with the costumes and decor, Halloween party food is fun to prepare! You can make yummy things with weird names and themed drinks for the kids and adults is always an added bonus.
Not only do we host Halloween at our home, but we have hosted weekend Halloween parties around the holiday for friends.
No matter when you are Halloween entertaining, you should find some great "party ware" that you can use every year. I started browsing around Cost Plus World Market to find pieces that would help host the most spooktacular Halloween party and found so many things that would make our Halloween party that much better!
It is also the Friends and Family event going on at Cost Plus World Market from October 6th – October 9th! Save an extra 30% with the coupon HERE! Find your local Cost Plus World Market location HERE.
I definitely need the pumpkin dishes for soups. How cute are they?! I also love using the moss inside cloches and wood bowls underneath pumpkins and faux candles like the ones I linked here. You could really set up a spooktacular beverage station with the glasses, candlesticks and plates from Cost Plus World Market! After this post, I already have a great idea of what our Halloween party will consist of this year.
Do you entertain around Halloween? What is your favorite Halloween food or decoration?
Party! Did you say Party! I love the Haloween parties!


Hotel employees are at risk of workplace violence committed by guests, trespassers, and other employees. To protect employee safety, employers should be familiar with the types and causes of workplace violence, which employees are vulnerable to workplace violence, and what steps employers can take to prevent and address instances of workplace violence.
Workplace violence can be any act of violence against persons or property, threats, intimidation, harassment, or other inappropriate, disruptive behavior that causes fear for personal safety at the worksite. Workplace violence can range from verbal abuse to physical assaults and homicide, one of the leading causes of job-related deaths.