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IT & Digital Services
For IT and digital services companies, it is not enough to stay ahead of developments in technology and digital. These organizations must understand their clients' unique businesses and how to maximize digital transformation across the value chain. At the same time, increased investment from private equity is creating new opportunities for growth while reshaping operations and the relationship between senior leadership and shareholders.
Since the emergence of the industry more than 20 years ago, we have built a track record of identifying, assessing and recruiting IT and digital services leaders who understand how to adapt to a rapidly evolving landscape, create new markets and succeed in a highly competitive environment.
We work where our clients work. Our firm is one of the few firms with consultants who have on-the-ground experience in markets around the world and understand local complexities facing IT and digital services firms.
We've conducted over 450 executive search and leadership consulting assignments over the past three years for IT and digital services clients.
Organizations spanning IT services and analytics and insights have turned to us to find board directors, CEOs, chief operating officers, chief revenue officers, business unit heads, heads of HR, heads of M&A, CFOs, CIOs, and more to build their businesses.
Gus Zangrilli
Amitabh Sharma
Michel Hannas
Atul Bhandari
Lars Alexander Gollenia
2021 Spencer Stuart Information Technology Sector Snapshot
Boards of information technology sector companies in the S&P 500 — a universe of 70 companies — tend to be smaller, younger, less tenured and less diverse than S&P 500 boards. The sector appears to be taking steps to enhance the gender diversity of its boardroom.
Rethinking Your Digital Roadmap
Leaders across industries discuss how COVID-19 accelerated their companies' digital transformation and how it may shape the roadmap for the future.
Drawing on our experience working with professional services firms, we have identified five best practices for avoiding the common pitfalls when recruiting experienced professionals.


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Q: How to modify the XML file using Python? Actually I have got the XML string and parse the string to get the attributes from it. Now I want my XML file to change, viewing the attributes. Like I want to change the color of the stroke. Is there any way? How I will change and then again save the file.
import requests
from xml.dom import minidom

response = requests.get('http://localhost:8080/geoserver/rest/styles/pakistan.sld',
                        auth=('admin', 'geoserver'))
fo=open("/home/adeel/Desktop/untitled1/yes.xml", "wb")
fo.write(response.text)
fo.close()

xmldoc = minidom.parse('yes.xml')
itemlist = xmldoc.getElementsByTagName('CssParameter')
print "Len : ", len(itemlist)
#print "Attribute Name : ", \
itemlist[0].attributes['name'].value
print "Text : ", itemlist[0].firstChild.nodeValue

for s in itemlist :
    print "Attribute Name : ", s.attributes['name'].value
    print "Text : ", s.firstChild.nodeValue

A: You should probably read through the SLD Cook book to get hints on how to change things like the colour of the lines in your SLD. Once you've changed it you need to make a PUT request to place the file back on the server.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Monuments, memorials and civic statuary are probably the oldest form of public art, although architectural sculpture and even architecture itself often fulfils the definition of public art. Other aspects of the built environment are often seen as candidates for public art, including street furniture, lighting and graffiti. Also the term 'public art' is not confined to physical objects; music, dance, procession, street theatre and even poetry have proponents that specialize in public art. For obvious reasons this collection of photographs concentrates on outdoor sculpture, though any other forms of public art that I stumble across will no doubt be fair game for my camera. I'll also include some buildings if I feel the architecture merits the term 'art' - you might not agree with my choice but it's my website so you'll have to live with it..!
Inevitably this collection will be biased toward Greater Manchester but I'll include artworks from other areas whenever I come across them.
Clicking on the thumbnails takes you to larger versions.


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High-speed chase across 2 states lands Kilgore man in Harrison County jail
Posted: Jun 16, 2019 / 10:20 AM CDT / Updated: Jun 16, 2019 / 03:02 PM CDT
HARRISON COUNTY, Texas (KETK) – A Kilgore man is behind bars in the Harrison County Jail after leading multiple law enforcement agencies from Louisiana and Texas on a high-speed chase Saturday.
According to the Marshall Police Department and Louisiana State Police, Louisiana state troopers located an SUV that had been reported stolen traveling westbound on I-20 just before 4:40 p.m.
The troopers attempted to make a traffic stop.
The driver, later identified as Richar Landaverde, reportedly eluded the traffic stop by attempting to hit multiple LSP vehicles, initiating a high-speed pursuit.
State police say Landaverde drove recklessly during the pursuit and used the stolen vehicle to ram two marked LSP vehicles.
Troopers made multiple attempts to end the chase but were unsuccessful.
LSP says two troopers sustained minor injuries due to Landaverde's reckless actions and were transported to Willis Knighton Hospital in Bossier City.
At approximately 5:30 p.m., Landaverde traveled into Texas on I-20 westbound. Multiple Texas law enforcement agencies joined in the chase.
Landaverde left I-20 and began to drive northbound on US 59.
Shortly after 5:45 p.m., authorities say Landaverde caused a two-vehicle crash at the intersection of US 59 and US 80, ending the pursuit.
He was taken into custody by Marshall police and booked into Harrison County on multiple charges:
Aggravated flight from a peace officer (Bossier Parish, Louisiana)
Illegal possession of stolen things (Bossier Parish)
Aggravated assault upon a peace officer (Caddo Parish, Louisiana)
Aggravated flight from a peace officer (Caddo Parish)
Aggravated flight from an officer (Caddo Parish)
Illegal possession of stolen things (Caddo Parish)
Evading arrest/detention with a vehicle
Parole violation (State of Texas)
Theft of property
Unauthorized use of a vehicle
He is being held on bonds totaling $150,000.
OLNEY, Texas (KFDX/KJTL) — A high school student has been charged with murder in the death of an Olney, Texas teacher.
The Young County Sheriff confirms it is in connection to the death of Olney teacher Manuela Allen.
Aunt of dead Dallas 1-year-old arrested for child endangerment
by Frank Heinz / Jul 18, 2019
DALLAS (KETK) - Chrystal Jackson, the aunt of the toddler whose body was pulled from a North Texas landfill last week, has been arrested and booked on a charge of child endangerment.
According to our sister station in Dallas KXAS, Jackson had been given temporary custody of her nephew, 18-month-old Cedric Jackson, by Child Protective Services after they removed the boy from his mother's home in May.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


European visitors meeting the Shadow Wolves on their visit to SAZCIV. The Shadow Wolves are a part of ICE but all members of the Tohono O'odham nation serving as trackers for ICE. Kevin Carlos, with the Shadow Wolves, is an outstanding addition to the security of the USA.
Pat, Greg, and Alma took these visitors from the countries of Italy and Lithuania to Guadalajara Grill for dinner. This delightful group enjoyed both the food and the music by the Mariachi.
SAZCIV attended the 2017 Global Engagement Conference at Maricopa Community College along with representatives from PCC.


A business savings account is a type of business bank account that functions in a similar manner to a personal savings account. A business savings account is able to accrue interest as long as funds are kept in one. Most banks offer business savings account services to their employees.
Some of the more prominent business savings account offerings are ING Direct USA, ING Direct Orange, Bank of America, Wells Fargo Savings Bank, Fidelity Investments, Wachovia, Capital One, or Comerica.
A business that decides to open a business savings account will probably look for a high interest business savings account in order to obtain the greatest benefit available from the effort that goes into opening a business savings account.
Opening a business savings account soon after starting the company can be beneficial for accounting purposes in order to not blur the distinctions between an individual and the company. A business savings account can help individuals to protect both their own interests and the interests of the company.
Depending upon the bank where the business savings account is opened, there are different benefits that may be associated with each business savings account.


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search filter All ContentAll JournalsEmerging Topics in Life Sciences
Ahead-of-Issue Articles
Royal Society of Biology
Wendy Harwood
Efficient regeneration from wheat immature embryos. Successful gene editing in crops depends on the regeneration capacity of the selected target tissue. Image kindly provided by Wendy Harwood (John Innes Centre, Norwich).
Diversity of tools and outcomes for genome editing
Risks directly associated with off-target edits to crop genomes
Methods to minimize off-target effects of plant genome editing
Potential for unintended gene drive generation
Downstream risks of genome editing for crop improvement
Balancing intrinsic and extrinsic concerns regarding crop genome editing
Review Article| November 10 2017
Risk associated with off-target plant genome editing and methods for its limitation
Hui Zhao
College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
Jeffrey D. Wolt
Department of Agronomy, Biosafety Institute for Genetically Modified Agricultural Products, and Crop Bioengineering Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A.
Correspondence: Jeffrey D. Wolt (jdwolt@iastate.edu)
Emerg Top Life Sci (2017) 1 (2): 231–240.
https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20170037
Wendy Harwood, Hui Zhao, Jeffrey D. Wolt; Risk associated with off-target plant genome editing and methods for its limitation. Emerg Top Life Sci 10 November 2017; 1 (2): 231–240. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20170037
Assessment for potential adverse effects of plant genome editing logically focuses on the specific characteristics of the derived phenotype and its release environment. Genome-edited crops, depending on the editing objective, can be classified as either indistinguishable from crops developed through conventional plant breeding or as crops which are transgenic. Therefore, existing regulatory regimes and risk assessment procedures accommodate genome-edited crops. The ability for regulators and the public to accept a product focus in the evaluation of genome-edited crops will depend on research which clarifies the precision of the genome-editing process and evaluates unanticipated off-target edits from the process. Interpretation of genome-wide effects of genome editing should adhere to existing frameworks for comparative risk assessment where the nature and degree of effects are considered relative to a baseline of genome-wide mutations as found in crop varieties developed through conventional breeding methods. Research addressing current uncertainties regarding unintended changes from plant genome editing, and adopting procedures that clearly avoid the potential for gene drive initiation, will help to clarify anticipated public and regulatory questions regarding risk of crops derived through genome editing.
CRISPR, engineered nuclease, genome engineering, plant biotechnology
Agricultural & Industrial Bioscience, Biotechnology, Genomics
Crops derived through genetic modification to express recombinant DNA [genetically modified (GM) crops] were first introduced for commercial use in 1996 and as of 2016 were grown on 185.1 million hectares in 26 countries [1]. Despite this widespread adoption and the lack of evidence for adverse effects to human health or the environment [2–5], GM crops continue to elicit concerns in many regions of the world and this has restricted their use to relatively few commodity crops and traits [6]. Because of the need for increased productivity, improved nutrition, and the wider use of crops as platforms for energy and value-added products, researchers worldwide are investigating new breeding technologies that may avoid the public controversy that hinders the widespread further use of GM crops [7].
Among new breeding technologies, genome editing has engendered particular interest as a way to rapidly and precisely create variation in crops while avoiding the presence of foreign DNA in the final product. This ostensibly reduces public concern and circumvents regulatory statutes that limit the entry of GM crops into the market [8]. The early promise for genome-edited crops to rapidly gain market entry has not proved to be the case. Europeans have avoided GM crops and are uncertain as to whether genome-edited crops should be subject to similar regulatory standards [9]. Initial regulatory opinion in the U.S.A. is that not all genome-edited crops are subject to regulation, but that sentiment may be shifting [10]. Here, we briefly describe the diversity of genome-editing tools and approaches that can be used for crop improvement and discuss the nature of concerns (both intrinsic and extrinsic) that may entail real or perceived risks of genome-edited crops.
Genome editing uses engineered biomolecules (reagents) that can be directed to specific sites within the genome of a target organism to affect specific changes in DNA sequence through breaks and repairs or mismatches involving endogenous mechanisms. Repairs involving non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) represent an error prone process where point mutations arise due to insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides. Genome-editing reagents can also be used in conjunction with templates homologous to the break site to cause homology-directed repair (HDR). The templates inserted through HDR may range in size from short-nucleotide sequences to entire genes or multiple genes. Their source may be native to the organism or to a near relative, or they may represent foreign DNA which is synthesized or transgenic. The nature of these various genome-editing outcomes in crops has been the subject of extensive reviews [11–13].
The first demonstrated application of genome editing in plants involved the use of oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, where oligonucleotides bearing a desired nucleotide substitution but otherwise homologous to a specific genome site would associate as triplex DNA and incorporate mismatch edits using endogenous mechanisms [14]. Methodologies for genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) have proved more robust and highly efficient. Numerous GEEN reagents–engineered meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated Cas9 endonuclease (CRISPR/Cas9)—have been developed and extensively reviewed for their efficiency, specificity, and application to various plant systems [15,16]. The emergence of the CRISPR/Cas9 reagent system with its relative ease of use, its modification by use of single-guide RNA (sgRNA) [17], and its improvement through redesign of the Cas9 nuclease [18] or adoption of alternative nuclease systems, such as Cpf1 [19], has led to the rapid and widespread use of genome editing as a preferred method to target highly specific changes to plant genomes.
The potential for adverse effects of off-target editing within the genome have been of intense interest to genome editing for human therapeutic applications where a key consideration is characterizing the occurrence of off-target edits on a genome-wide basis, since off-target edits could lead to adverse effects such as cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, or potential chromosomal rearrangements [20]. Unlike therapeutic applications in the cellular and mammalian system, where these potential adverse effects have direct implications to the treatment outcome, any toxic effects in plants are largely a technical challenge for accomplishing the genome edit. This is because the subsequent process of plant regeneration and trait segregation through breeding selection to obtain a desired plant genome edit enables the detection and evaluation of off-target edits to restrict unwanted downstream phenotypic effects. Furthermore, the combined abilities for stress resistance and accurate DNA repair mechanisms in plants contribute to the genetic stability of the resulting edit in crops. Therefore, concerns associated with editing in cellular and mammalian systems are not directly applicable to crops [10]. These concerns must be borne in mind, however, because they raise questions regarding safety from both regulators and the public.
The development of genome-editing reagents has progressively focused on ZFNs, TALENs, and the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The choice of system relates to ease and breadth of use and the efficiency and specificity of editing. Both ZFNs and TALENs function as dimers with each monomer comprising a fusion protein-binding domain which together determine sequence specificity; cleavage is carried out by the attached FokI nuclease catalytic domain [13,21,22]. Successful applications of ZFNs and TALENs have been shown in mammalian cells, plant cells, and other organisms [17,23–27]. Unfortunately, because of low affinity and low specificity, gene editing with ZFNs has displayed high frequencies of off-target edits and high toxicity [13]. The design of TALENs involves one-to-one recognition rules between protein repeats and nucleotide sequences, which results in improved editing efficiency and reduced off-target effects [21,28]. It is difficult, however, to construct the nuclease protein and a new TALEN protein must be generated for each DNA target site, which increases time and costs for development [29]. Additionally, the cut efficiency for TALENs varies depending on target sequence and TALENs cannot target methylated DNA [13]. As we know, DNA methylation of plant genome controls plant growth, development, transcription, DNA repair, gene expression, and cell differentiation, and is particularly involved in specific gene silencing. Moreover, the levels of DNA methylation from resistance-related genes are related to environmental stresses such as chilling, salt, heavy-metal, or pathogenic infection. Both DNA methylation and hypermethylation contribute to the adaptation of plants to stress and stable inheritance [30–32], and thus, TALENs have limited application for these types of breeding goals. Compared with ZFNs and TALENs, the CRISPR/Cas9 system exhibits greater simplicity, efficiency, and versatility, and it also can target methylated DNA [13,33]. CRISPR/Cas9 has been widely adopted for genome editing in plants. Over 25 plant species and over 100 genes have been subject to successful editing with CRISPR/Cas9, and many desirable traits in major crops have been created [13,34–36]. However, a crucial current concern for the CRISPR/Cas9 system is the potential for higher off-target effects than with TALENs [21,29,37], which must be addressed for widespread use in crop breeding and gene therapy [38,39].
Beyond reagent toxicity that may limit the ability to efficiently genome edit in some systems, there are no risks inherent to the genome-editing process per se; rather some risks associated with downstream attributes of the phenotype derived from genome editing may be ascribed to unintended changes in the genome [40]. Therefore, genome-wide characterization for off-target edits serves as an indicator of potential undesired phenotypic changes in genome-edited crops. In order that there is integrity in the use of comparative assessments to evaluate off-target effects in genome-edited crops, research must focus on how to alleviate off-target edits and how to assess the frequency and nature of those off-target edits that do occur [41].
Early work with CRISPR/Cas9 reported that off-target mutations in human cancer cells were up to 50% more common than mutations at the on-target sites, which were due to dysfunctional DNA repair mechanisms and promiscuous sgRNA [21,37,42]. The specificity of the CRISPR/Cas9 system mainly depends on the sgRNA seed sequence within 10–12 bp directly 5′ of the NGG protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM-proximal) [37]. When the sgRNA sequence recognizes partial mismatches outside the seed sequence instead of on-target sites, then off-target edits will be produced. With the further development of CRISPR/Cas9 techniques benefiting from greater specificity in sgRNA design, minimal off-target binding activity and the absence of off-target mutations have been reported in zebrafish [43], mice [44], chicken [45], stem cells [46], Arabidopsis [47], and rice [48]. Progress in targeting has led to guidelines for minimizing CRISPR/Cas9 off-target effects [49].
When considering the incidence of off-target edits that can occur from crop genome editing, it is important to recognize the comparative source and magnitude of genome alterations that occur in plants under natural conditions. Regardless of source, mutation in higher plants can result in error-prone repairs some of which may induce direct toxic effects to reduce protein synthesis, destruct cell membrane and photosynthetic protein to inhibit plant growth, lead to chromosome fusions, or produce genetic changes in plant populations that may be passed on to the next generations [50,51]. Plants are constantly exposed to environmental stresses, including UV-B radiation, ozone, desiccation and rehydration, and air and soil pollution, which can cause a range of DNA damage products including single-strand (SSBs) and double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) due to stress response [50,52,53]. The DSBs are considered one of the most serious forms of DNA damage, since when DSBs cannot be repaired precisely, they may lead to cell death, loss of genetic information, or genotoxic effects [54]. In higher plants, DSBs are mainly repaired by NHEJ mechanisms [50,55]. To maintain genome stability, fertility, and genetic diversity, there must be accurate DNA repair mechanisms in coding regions, and error-prone repair serves as a source of natural mutational variation important for plant evolution and useful for crop improvement [52,53,56]. Plant breeders have traditionally generated plant mutations using chemical or physical genotoxins. In this case, DSBs are induced randomly in the genome, and error-prone repair very rarely generates desirable phenotypes [57]. Over 3000 crop varieties have been produced using radiation mutagenesis and are used worldwide without regulatory risk assessment (with the exception of Canada) [58].
The DSBs in coding regions introduced by CRISPR/Cas9 or other genome-editing reagents will also depend on plant endogenous repair pathways that may insert or delete fragments to induce mutation. Thus, genome modifications by CRISPR/Cas9 or other genome-editing reagents are much more site-specific than similar modifications sought by traditional plant breeding approaches, and those DSBs occurring in off-target sites probably are comparable to naturally induced mutation [57]. The recent suggestion that genome-wide off-target effects from targeted CRISPR/Cas9 editing in mammalian cells are much more prevalent than previously believed and are not associated with near-homologous targets [39] is likely attributable to pre-existing variants in the cell lines studied [59], but the attention this result has garnered heightens the need for unbiased genome-wide characterization of CRISPR/Cas9 editing in order to understand and guide crop development based on genome-editing technology.
In terms of the actual mechanism of targeting CRISPR/Cas9 through the design of the sgRNA, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has similarities to RNA interference (RNAi), and what is more, in some circumstances, RNAi can also trigger nonspecific effects or off-target effects [60]. Early studies off-target effects of RNAi focused on strong overall complementarity with target DNA, when in fact it is the 3′-untranslated region short seed segment of the antisense strand of the small interfering RNA that allows for off-target effects; recognition of this led to improved design and targeting strategies for RNAi [61]. Fortunately, lessons learned from the RNAi field have caused researchers to pay more attention to the seed region of CRISPR sgRNA quite early in their studies, and this has revealed some sequence flexibility and tolerance for mismatches and bulges, which suggested approaches on how to increase the specificity and decrease the sequence-directed off-target cleavage [62–64]. Additionally, in RNAi systems, when short-hairpin RNA expression outcompetes that of endogenous microRNAs, it will lead to the breakdown of cellular regulation [65]. This is similar to the effect of over-abundance of sgRNA-Cas 9 complexes to affect off-target efficiency [29,66,67]. Finally, the delivery vector used in the RNAi system such as cationic lipids with the high concentrations can also trigger unwanted responses [68], and these unwanted effects exist for CRISPR/Cas9 as well [60].
The nature of PAM recognition is proving to be more complex than the earlier understanding of the CRIPSR/Cas9 system would indicate; and potential off-target sites upstream of the 5′-NAG PAM, 5′-NGG PAM, 5′-NGA PAM, and perhaps other PAM types should be considered when designing a CRISPR reagent [37,48,69]. What is more one or two mismatches within the seed sequence of the sgRNA in the PAM proximal region will also induce higher numbers of off-target edits [37], so many sgRNA design tools support the identification of specific sgRNA sequences to improve targeting and minimize off-target effects. Among CRISPR design tools, CGAT, Crispr-P, CHOPCHOP, and CRISPR contain all the functionalities necessary to predict and rank potential off-target locations within plant genomes [70]. Despite the availability and increasing quality of these design tools, there remain further methodological questions of how to optimize the ratio of on-target to off-target edits and of how to control the dosage of the transfected DNA and the level of the Cas9–sgRNA complex.
A further option for improving target specificity and concomitantly reducing the incidence of off-target edits is to utilize CRISPR nickase systems. For instance, a catalytic mutant of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) can be used as a nickase to induce SSBs or as a paired nickase system to cause offset DSBs. The use of this system resulted in highly specific gene editing without detectable damage at known off-target sites [37,71,72]. The use of a nickase system is reported to substantially reduce the mutation frequency without affecting the HR repair in Arabidopsis thaliana compared with wild-type Cas9 nuclease codon optimized for A. thaliana [73]; and when using paired nickases for editing cell lines, off-target activity was reduced even more appreciably when compared with wild-type Cas9 [74].
The use of truncated sgRNA of 17 or 18 nt with a shortened 5′-end greatly decreased undesired mutagenic effects at off-target sites in mammalian cell systems without sacrificing on-target genome-editing efficiencies [63]. Similarly, in plants, use of truncated sgRNA in a CRISPR/Cas9 system using a constitutive promoter resulted in high on-target mutation rates with no off-target effects detected [75]. Moreover, combining truncated sgRNAs with pairs of Cas9 nickase led to further reductions in off-target mutations [63]. When researchers developed the fusion of catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9) to FokI nuclease with sgRNA sequence to form the RNA-guided fCas9, they found DNA cleavage by fCas9 required association of two fCas9 monomers that simultaneously bind target sites ∼15 or 25 bp apart. In human cells, researchers showed fCas9-modified target DNA sites with >140-fold higher specificity than wild-type Cas9 and at least 4-fold higher specificity than that of paired nickases at loci with highly similar off-target sites [76,77].
In addition to these strategies for directly reducing unwanted off-target mutations, other research advances and technological strategies can act to decrease the possibility of unintended effects from genome editing of crops by improving the efficiency of editing to the target site while reducing opportunities for unintended off-target mutations. For instance, concentration–time (dose-dependent) effects of the reagent may alter ratios of on-target and off-target edits prior to breeding selection to eliminate the gene-editing reagent [78]. In addition, the delivery of preassembled Cas9 protein-gRNA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) (that is a DNA-free method) instead of plasmids can control Cas9 protein concentration to limit genotoxicity, can alleviate overexpression of sgRNA to reduce off-target effects, and can avoid transfer of genome-editing reagents to the next generation [79,80]. The possibility for RNP delivery to plant cells has been shown with biolistic particle bombardment where delivery of recombinase led to site-specific, heritable edits [81]. In higher plants, the traditional Agrobacterium-mediated plasmid delivery system not only can guarantee success for delivering of genome-editing reagents, but may also control transgene copy numbers to moderate concentration of sgRNA : Cas9 complexes and thus, reduce off-target activity [82]. Moderate culture conditions such as acetosyringone in the culture medium can induce or suppress the expression of some non-coding RNA from Agrobacterium to further influence gene-editing efficiency [83]. And selectable markers like phosphite oxidoreductase may prove effective to screen and recover more transformants to improve efficiencies for on-target editing [84].
Finally, numerous advances continue to improve the ability to conduct comprehensive genome-wide characterization for the detection of off-target sites. Sanger and deep sequencing are increasingly used to analyze the off-target effects of CRISPR/Cas9 edits based on library construction of on-target and potential off-target regions and the evaluation of the exome-captured library [62]. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput genome sequencing (ChIP-seq) has been used to reveal a well-defined seed region for target binding and to identify a very large number of off-target binding sites in cellular systems [85–87]. Efficient detection of off-target sites in human cells was shown with GUIDE-seq (genome-wide, unbiased identification of DSBs enabled by sequencing), which can detect novel off-target sites through the capture of double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides into DSBs [77]. The method Digenome-seq relies on whole-genome sequencing of cell-free genomic DNA digested in vitro using a nuclease of interest [42]. When used in a multiplex configuration (Digenome-seq) revealed bona fide off-target sites that had been missed by GUIDE-seq [49]. Despite these advances, researchers continue to explore various techniques to detect the off-target sites that may be predictive of unintended risks. Most of the abovementioned strategies such as ChIP-seq, GUIDE-seq, and Digenome-seq have been successfully used to detect off-target sites in human cells but not in plants. Researchers need to establish more approaches and databases appropriate to plant systems in order to gain confidence as to the characterization of off-target editing frequencies in genome-edited crops.
In addition to consideration of off-target edits, researchers need to consider the ecological implications of unanticipated downstream effects when genome editing is used for plant improvement or for control of weeds/invasive plants, and when inadvertent gene drive generation occurs because encoded CRISPRs are not segregated from edited plants [10]. Although gene drives occur in nature [88], if inadvertently or indiscriminately deployed as a global gene dive, for instance as an invasive species control measure, the CRISPR/Cas9 system may promote rapid, unintended gene propagation within a species. Unintended release of plants containing global gene drives from confinement under conditions where there is outcrossing, a relatively short generation time, the stability of the driving genetic elements and suitable population structure could allow entry into wild populations to introduce undesired phenotypes and perhaps affect plant diversity [89,90]. Such an outcome is highly unlikely in conventional plant breeding systems, but there remains the possibility for local gene drive dissemination when the DNA encoding an engineered nuclease is not removed and may be linked to the editing site so as not to readily segregate. Broad recognition of this potential by the research community has led to alternative design strategies such as daisy chain drives as well as research governance approaches intended to recognize and forestall unintended gene drive release [10]. Research has shown that the potential for drive systems capable of overwriting other gene drives is a means to correct and minimize unwanted genome editing in wild yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) [91], suggesting that there are technological options to mitigate gene drive risks. More deliberation as to gene drive use will be needed for both research and governance [92]. In a word, gene drives and CRISPR technology must be controlled by design, observation, segregation, and an appropriate mix of governance mechanisms [10,93].
In terms of process-based risks, further improvements in targeting, off-target molecular characterization and adoption of methodologies to avoid or characterize the presence of foreign DNA in plant germplasm advanced into crop breeding programs will minimize the opportunity for undesired outcomes of the genome-editing process itself. Further characterization for downstream risks associated with a specific genome-edited crop should be conducted as appropriate for the nature of the phenotype generated and its proposed uses [10]. For instance, for the purposes of food safety assessment, genome-edited crops can logically fall into two classes. If the crop contains no foreign DNA because of the nature of editing reagents used (e.g. an RNP and introduced sgRNA) or because post-editing segregation removes foreign DNA elements, the crop cannot be differentiated from crops derived using traditional plant breeding methods (including chemical or radiation mutagenesis). This class of genome-edited crop should be subject to the same types of regulatory consideration as are traditionally bred crops. On the other hand, if there is evidence for foreign DNA insertion without subsequent removal, the genome-edited crop is indistinguishable from a GM crop and therefore should be given the regulatory consideration as appropriate for a GMO. In GM crop risk assessment, regulators determine substantial equivalence to enable safety assessments for the GM crop. This entails principally compositional analysis in addition to molecular characterization to determine nutrient, anti-nutrient, and toxicant presence and concentration when compared with non-GM conventional counterpart crops [94].
If potential downstream risks cannot be avoided, hazard identification and problem formulation are needed to appropriately direct the subsequent the risk assessment process. In the future, a further aspect of downstream risk assessment may be in the use of 'omics' analyses (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics epigenomics, and miRNomics) to study dynamic changes of GM crops [95–97]. While these methodologies may see increasing future use and application toward genome-edited crops, they, at present, have limited regulatory applicability as the outcomes of 'omics' analyses are not well defined in the context of regulatory decision-making and the paradigm for comparative risk assessment [10].
The foregoing discussion has focused on consideration of extrinsic risk; that is, factors regarding the development and use of genome-edited crops that can be evaluated on the basis of empirical information describing the potential for adverse outcomes when a genome-edited crop is used as food or is released to the environment. Some elements of the public, however, may have concern regarding genome-edited crops that reflect intrinsic aspects of the process of genome editing of a crop in and of itself. These are less readily addressed since they relate to perceptions of risk arising from beliefs and may involve elements of tradition and culture that are ultimately intractable from a science perspective. The tension between intrinsic and extrinsic elements of risk for genome-edited crops is found in arguments regarding whether the process of genome editing in and of itself should be the focus of regulatory considerations or whether the risk associated with the derived products is a more relevant consideration [98]. Differing regulatory domains throughout the world demonstrate the difficulties in balancing these concerns. For instance, countries which have been able to successfully deploy GM crops have tended to follow a path more focused on measurable risk (extrinsic concerns); while in the EU, debate is ongoing as to whether regulation should focus on the process itself and thus require comprehensive assessment even when there is no evidence a gene-edited crop differs from conventionally bred counterparts (a manifestation of intrinsic concern) [99].
In the human germline engineering field, the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system faces clear ethical issues because of unanticipated effects of editing [100], and this concern will bleed over to considerations of crop genome editing. Clearly, more research and continued public discourse and deliberation about gene-editing technology and concerns from various perspectives will be needed for both human therapeutic use and crop improvement. For the research community, however, the immediate path forward must address uncertainties regarding off-target editing and unintended effects which will help to clarify regulatory approaches and safety assessment procedures [101]. Current technology can only alleviate off-target effects; it can neither eliminate off-targets nor can it clearly answer the extent that this should constitute a downstream concern. Moreover, updated methods are finding more novel off-target sites in human cells than by classical technology [38,39]. In plants, there is limited evidence for common occurrence of off-target sites for various reasons including the characteristics of plant genomes, their environment, or limitations in research information. The history of crop breeding to date illustrates the use of variation that is the outcome of natural or induced random mutagenesis, and this is widely accepted [101]. However, the information bridging this knowledge to genome editing is limited to experts in the field. We suggest that regulators and policy planners need to support research on detection/prediction of off-target sites and unintended effects to help establish a safety assessment paradigm based on molecular characterization and phenotypic attributes of the derived products. Scientists and developers need to continue to advance and communicate product concepts based on benefits to consumers and to widely publish and communicate progress in gene editing of crops to ensure the transmission of information to improve consumer understanding and to encourage public discussion.
Plant genome editing represents a wide variety of potential reagents and methodologies with potential outcomes for which off-target effects may be consequential.
Robust methods for analysis and interpretation of genome-wide frequencies of off-target effects are useful indicators of potential inadvertent outcomes in the downstream product of genome editing.
Comparative risk assessments that do not show frequencies of off-target effects of genome editing above baseline effects from traditional methods of plant breeding indicate a low probability for adverse outcomes of the genome-editing process per se.
Once assurances of process integrity are established for a given genome-editing process, the evaluation of the derived product of genome editing (the desired phenotype) should be the focus of risk considerations.
chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput genome sequencing
clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated Cas9 endonuclease
DSBs
double-strand DNA breaks
genome editing with engineered nucleases
GUIDE-seq
genome-wide, unbiased identification of DSBs enabled by sequencing
homology-directed repair
NHEJ
non-homologous end-joining
protospacer-adjacent motif
RNPs
ribonucleoproteins
sgRNA
single-guide RNA
SpCas9
Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9
SSBs
single-strand breaks
transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases
ZFNs
H.Z. acknowledges support from the China Scholarship Council [No. 201608440425] and the Special Funds in Public Welfare from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of P.R. China [No. 201509044].
The Authors declare that there are no competing interests associated with the manuscript.
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Ahead-of-Issue article Alert
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CRISPR-based tools for plant genome engineering
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Blueprints for green biotech: development and application of standards for plant synthetic biology
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text:
Craig Schafer
Head of Commercial Property
E: craig.schafer@bowmanslaw.com
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Craig is the head of our Commercial Property Practice. He specialises in commercial property and property finance.
Craig's practice encompasses all aspects of commercial property law, property development and property finance. Craig has been actively involved in the establishment of numerous freehold and sectional title, commercial, industrial and residential developments throughout South Africa. He represents the interest of various listed property funds, property developers as well as representing various commercial property lenders in financing property acquisitions, developments, restructures and refurbishments.
Craig has been actively involved in advising on both lenders and developers on land issues arising from renewable energy projects under rounds 1, 2 and 3 of the South African Department of Energy's renewable energy program – such projects include solar PV, hydro, landfill gas and wind projects.
Craig has sat as an elected national councillor for the South African Property Owners Association and is recommended by the Legal 500 which describes him as "a leader in real estate".
Craig was admitted as an attorney, notary public and conveyancer in 2001 and holds a BA LLB from Rhodes University and an LLM from Unisa.
Acted for FirstRand Bank Limited (acting through its Rand Merchant Bank division) and Investec Bank Limited in relation to the development and term finance of ZAR 2,6 billion made available to Azrapart Proprietary Limited to fund the re-development of Fourways Mall.
Acted for FirstRand Bank Limited (acting through its Rand Merchant Bank division) in financing the acquisition of the residential component of a mixed use sectional title scheme in Cape Town;
Acted for FirstRand Bank Limited (acting through its Rand Merchant Bank division) in financing the development of a retail depot facility in the East Rand (value: ZAR 170 million);
Acted for FirstRand Bank Limited (acting through its Rand Merchant Bank division) in financing the development of a distribution facility in Durban (value: ZAR 320 million);
Acted for Northern Glory Properties Proprietary Limited and FirstRand Bank Limited (acting through its Rand Merchant Bank division) in relation to the development of a multi storied office development in Pretoria, including opening a sectional title register and the sale and transfer of the component units (value: ZAR 500 million);
Acted for Capital Property Fund in relation to (i) the transfer of two industrial property portfolios (valued at ZAR 481 million and ZAR 367 million respectively) as part of attaining corporate REIT status (ii) the disposal and transfer of a property portfolio comprising both commercial and industrial properties valued at R 980 million.
Acted for Eris Property Group (via is subsidiary Gillwell Taxi Retail Park Proprietary Limited) in (i) the development of a 22 260m² five-level shopping centre known as Gillwell Taxi Retail Park in East London and (ii) the disposal of Gillwell Taxi Retail Park to Dipula Income Fund.
Acted for Flanagan & Gerard (via its subsidiary, Thavhani Property Investment Proprietary Limited) in (i) the development of Thavhani Mall in Thoyoyandou, Limpopo (which, on completion, will be valued in excess of ZAR 1 billion) and the (ii) disposal of an undivided 33% share in Thavhani Mall (upon completion) to Vukile Property Fund Limited.
Acted for FirstRand Bank Limited (acting through its Rand Merchant Bank division), in relation to a ZAR 850 million development facility provided to Thavhani Property Investment Proprietary Limited to finance the development of Thavhani Mall.
Chambers and Partners 2018 ranked Craig in Band 3 for Real Estate.
Craig Schafer is a recommended lawyer in Legal500 2017.
Craig Schafer heads the real estate team at Bowmans and offers expertise in commercial, retail and industrial property matters. Clients praise his sound advice and impressive knowledge of South African property issues. – Chambers and Partners 2017
Craig Schafer is 'prompt', 'thorough' and 'efficient' – Legal 500 2017
Craig Schafer is an experienced figure in major developments throughout South Africa. His 'calm and precise' approach and excellent communication skills often prove pivotal to the closure of transactions. – Legal 500 2015


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Memories from the past: Mercy Sisters
1 Sep 2021 | 0 comments
Above: St Brigid's School West Perth c1899. Source: Institute of Sisters of Mercy of Australia and Papua New Guinea.
The Sisters of Mercy arrived in Australia in January 1846, and in that same month the first Mercy School
in Australia was opened by Mother Ursula Frayne and the Perth founding Sisters of Mercy, with one student in attendance.
Today, Mercedes College continues to operate at the original 1848 Perth convent site as a ministry of Mercy Education Ltd.
Mother Ursula and two sisters travelled to Melbourne in 1857, and shortly after arriving they opened Our Immaculate Lady of Mercy School Academy in Fitzroy with six pupils. Mother Ursula Frayne was the first principal, and this school (now known as The Academy of Mary Immaculate) still exists on the original site and remains the oldest Catholic girls' school in Victoria.
In May 1861, Ellen Whitty (Mother Mary Vincent Whitty) and her five companions arrived in Brisbane at the invitation of Bishop James Quinn bringing the first Sisters of Mercy to Queensland.
That year, the Sisters founded All Hallows' School, the first secondary school for girls established in Queensland. Mother Mary Vincent Whitty became the school's first principal and the Sisters began teaching in the Dean's cottage next to St Stephen's Cathedral. All Hallows' School marked 160 years of education in 2021.
In 1865, the North Sydney Mercies established a presence in Sydney under the leadership of Elizabeth McQuoin (Mother Mary Ignatius). The Sisters began teaching children and their first 'school' was the crypt under St Patrick's Church in The Rocks, Sydney.
In 1866, the Bathurst Sisters of Mercy commenced classes for about 90 girls in spare classrooms at St Patrick's School for boys. The North Sydney Sisters established a day and boarding school for girls in 1875, eventually the convent and college were named Monte Sant' Angelo and the convent became the Mother House and Novitiate for the North Sydney Mercies.
In 1880, the Sisters of Mercy arrived in Adelaide from Argentina via London and wasted no time in opening a school at Angus Street in Adelaide in South Australia. This school, now known as St Aloysius College, still operates today as a ministry of Mercy Education Ltd.
Convent School Cobar, NSW c1884. Source: Institute of Sisters of Mercy of Australia and Papua New Guinea.
In February 1884, Sisters of Mercy from the Bathurst Congregation opened a low-cost primary and infants' school in Cobar in the Diocese of Wilcannia Forbes.
In 1888, the West Perth Congregation opened their first school at St Brigid's Convent, Western Australia. St Brigid's
College, Lesmurdie and Aranmore College, Leederville still operate today. Sisters of Mercy from Callan, Kilkenny arrived in Parramatta in 1888, opening a primary school on 10 December 1888 with 55 students.
In January 1889, the Sisters of Mercy at Parramatta opened a secondary school with seven girls. Over the next 20 years, the Sisters established a further 11 schools from Woolloomooloo to North Parramatta, in addition to St Michael's boy's
orphanage in Baulkham Hills and St Brigid's girl's orphanage in Ryde.
Mercy Education Ltd was established in 2011 and sponsors 13 schools in Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia. Many schools and colleges across Australia owe their heritage to the Sisters of Mercy and many maintain strong Mercy links as members of the Australasian Mercy Secondary Schools Association.
Mercedes College, Perth.
All Hallows' School Brisbane, 2020, Sisters of Mercy, accessed 16 June 2021.
Australasian Mercy Secondary Schools Association, 2021, Overview, accessed 16 June
Institute of the Sisters of Mercy of Australia & Papua New Guinea, 2021, Our History,
accessed 16 June 2021.
Mercy Education Limited, 2021, Who we are, accessed 16 June 2021.
Sisters of Mercy, Brisbane Congregation, 2018, Who we are, accessed 16 June 2021.
Sisters of Mercy, North Sydney, 2021, Our Story, accessed 16 June 2021.
Sisters of Mercy, Parramatta, 2021, Our Parramatta Story, accessed 16 June 2021.


text:
Q: PHP multiple file upload: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() i'm following this tutorial: http://net.tutsplus.com/tutorials/javascript-ajax/uploading-files-with-ajax/comment-page-1/#comments to learn how to upload multiple files via ajax.
This is my html:
<form class="form-horizontal" id="settingsChangeAvatar" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="<?php echo $AJAX."/ajaxUpload.php"?>">
    <input class="input-xlarge input-file" id="settingsUploadAvatar" name="settingsUploadAvatar" type="file" multiple />
    <button class="btn" id="uploadAvatarButton" type="submit">Upload</button>
</form>

And this is my ajaxUpload.php:
foreach($_FILES["settingsUploadAvatar"]["error"] as $key => $error){
    if($error == UPLOAD_ERR_OK) {
        $name = $_FILES["settingsUploadAvatar"]["name"][$key];
        move_uploaded_file($_FILES["settingsUploadAvatar"]["tmp_name"][$key], $_SERVER["DOCUMENT_ROOT"]."/webname/".$_FILES["settingsUploadAvatar"]["name"][$key]);
    }
}

echo("File uploaded");

My code should be the same as the one in the tutorial.
Thanks for helping.

A: Change the 'name' attribute of your input from settingsUploadAvatar to settingsUploadAvatar[].


text:
Pilea gansuensis är en nässelväxtart som beskrevs av C.J. Chen och Z.X. Peng. Pilea gansuensis ingår i släktet pileor, och familjen nässelväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Pileor
gansuensis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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If you have ever been interested in awk and sed Unix utilities, then you probably know about the awk1line.txt and sed1line.txt files that are floating around the Internet. Each file contains around 80 idiomatic sed and awk one-liners for performing various text modification tasks.
Making my way through them was not easy and I decided to write two articles explaining every one-liner in these files. It took me several months to finish them, but now I am proud that I did it.
Here is the Awk One-Liners Explained article: Part One, Part Two, Part Three, Part Four (bonus).
And here is the Sed One-Liners Explained article: Part One, Part Two, Part Three.
My future plans are to publish a free ebook with all the one-liners. If you are interested, please visit my site after a few months. I'll publish it there.
They encourage these one-liners, which just means removing the formatting from code. They use regular expressions, something I consider should be avoided at all costs on account of their impenetrable syntax. My general feeling is that in the time it takes to figure out how to do anything with these tools, you could have just written a Python script to do it.
I'm sure they were great tools in their day but I really think Python trumps them, replacing all their functionality and throwing in maintainability to boot.
All that said, these are excellent, useful and well written articles. If I ever find I'm forced to use these things, I shall be eternally greatful that something like this exists.
Depends on the load you have to lift. If I wanted to perform a quick bucket-sort, then I'd use PHP, VBScript or any other non-compact scripting language. But if I had to make a syntax processor (like I have: http://camendesign.com/code/remarkable ), then there's no way I'd do it without regex. I'd have to practically reimplement a hard-coded regex engine in the process of handling the byte-by-byte matching for all the use-cases.
Sure the likes of sed and awk are hard to use, but there's wizards out there who can, and those of us who can't — it's not ours to say that one tool is better than the other, when in the right hands.
I've never considered awk hard to use. You can learn the basics in about thirty pages. Have you ever sat down and read "Effective GAWK Programming"?
sed is not hard either. Python is great too, but for little quick jobs awk is great. awk can be just as maintainable if you write it cleanly (and I've seen python code that is a mess, because you can write messy Python too.) But for a one liner, who cares if it is maintainable? You use it once then throw it out!
This manual has 360 pages (pdf-version). I would like to learn the basics of awk and has already bought a German cheap reference by O'Reilly.
Do you know a shorter tutorial?
First off, Python is not available anywhere, but awk and sed are (almost). Maybe perl is better than python, but anyway, that is not the point.
awk and sed scripts are not there to be maintained. They are not developer tools. They are administrator tools and they are there to make it easy for you to edit or search files quickly. sed and awk are used for one-shot commands in 95% of the cases. Once you have the result, there is no need to maintain the command at all.
How many lines do you have to write in python, just to open a file and read it? In sed or awk, that's 0. The file is open and parsed. There is no way you can make it faster in python.
How many lines do you have to write in python, just to open a file and read it?
Such pedantic diligence ('with' statement) is probably not appropriate in a thread that mentions awk/sed. Using with statement is needed when you are worrying about closing file handles in some-future-version-of-python that may not do reference counting (which could imply that the file handle would remain open until the next garbage collection cycle).
Not really something you need to worry about if you are mainly targeting your normal python installation. Furthermore, a linear script can just close() the filehandle without caring about exceptions (because it would just exit the process and close everything anyway).
Chinese (traditional/simplified) looks pretty incomprehensible to me but evidently a 1,000,000,000+ people manage to get by.
That's why I wrote the articles, to explain them.
It is unfortunate that only the first paragraph shows on hacker news website.
Click on http://www.osnews.com/story/21004/Awk_and_Sed_One-Liners_Explained… to find links to my articles!
no, there is not a billion people who can read Chinese, unlike popular believe, and there is a reason for that. Guess why they had to 'invent' simplified on top of traditional? The same applies to all other fancy writing systems.
Regular expressions are awesome, and definately a core technology, even when using Python.
You are either a troll or completely clueless. soz.
Regular expressions are very powerful but they cover a limited range of problems between the the trivial (the title is the example given to trim whitespace) and the very complex.
These old UNIX tools were terific in their day when they were the only way of doing things. But I think the fact that they continue to get so much air time has more to do with the fact that it's fun play with them. They're like crossword clues.
Don't underestimate what you can do with Python. It's trivial to read in a text file and split it into an array using whatever seperator you want. Modern scripting languages have tremendously powerful string handling functions and they do all this using real words. RE's are there if you need them but you very rarely do.
My work rate isn't limited by the speed at which I type, it's limited by the speed at which I think (that is, severely limited). I think better if I'm not having to translate everything via these arcane hieroglyphics.
I wish people were better at distinguishing between a genuinely held (and valid) opinion and a troll. It is only my opinion.
I think it's because most people still think that bringing Python into the equation for simple formatting and extracting information from output is overkill. If I'm just writing a simple filter to be used between the output of one program and the input of another program on my own machine then I'm just going to use the shell, sed, and awk. If I want to distribute some kind of application that performs all the functions of my script I'm probably going to want to develop it in a language like Python or Perl.
Modern scripting languages have tremendously powerful string handling functions and they do all this using real words. RE's are there if you need them but you very rarely do.
Depends on how you think (hammer & nails, anyone?). I always think of a regexp solution to any given problem (that I solve in Python) first – typically, I slurp in a string, run re.findall on it, then do a for loop over the resulting tuples.
Regular expressions have the advantage of being insanely fast, and very easy to work with. I agree that for the problems that are trivial enough to solve with awk/sed, regexs may be overkill – you can just do s.replace(), s.split() and s.join().
If you want to convince me python is better than sed/awk for this kind of tasks you should write all the one-liners in python. Then I will listen to you.
I wouldn't really say that AWK and SED encourage these one liners, rather I would say they enable one liners.
When you work with these tools to the comfort level that you can just spit out these one liners, that's where this facility becomes a powerful command line tool rather than a just a scripting language.
I don't think twice about just pounding out long pipelines in the shell, or short scripts. Similarly, if it can fit on one line, I'll consider doing the same with AWK or SED.
These are one off events that never last beyond perhaps the shell history.
They use regular expressions, something I consider should be avoided at all costs on account of their impenetrable syntax.
You obviously subscribe to the school of thought that says someone who uses regular expressions to solve a problem now has two problems.
True to a degree – they tend to be overused, or made overly complicated by people who think that because they can read it, so will the next person who comes along. But they're also an extremely powerful tool, for which there really isn't any practical alternative – e.g if you want to validate that a string matches a pattern, you can use a simple regex to do it, or you can write your own parser. And writing your own parser is almost never the right answer.
Just liked. It would be nice to have a PDF version with all concatenated.
Yep. I will publish two free ebooks, one on Awk one-liners and one on Sed one-liners.
Ps. you can subscribe to my posts on my blog so that you don't miss them.
If you use GNOME just File->Print->Print to file.
Very nice! But I'm going to wait for the PDF file that'll include all the tutorials (not that I don't like your blog or anything, hehe).
Just finished printing the two text files. Allthough sed and awk do already belong to my usual daily tools, I like to learn something new every day. Many thanks!
If you have to explain one-liners, then they aren't funny.
It's been said before but you don't always have Python or Perl available and knowing Awk and Sed can be a life saver. They are also great tools for formatting output for input into other programs. An entire scripting language is overkill for that kind of work.
Many thanks for this – particularly for the cheat sheet which is very convenient, but the one liners are excellent and well commented too. We can always learn.
The nice thing about awk is, its lightweight, reasonably fast, terse, intuitive once you know and are used to it. What its good for, its great for. I think of it a bit like an old pruning knife with a well sharpened slightly worn blade and a handle polished with use, an Opinel for instance. Its safe, cheap, its sharp, it just fits in the hand, and you hardly think about it any more. And would be very sorry indeed if you ever lost it.


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Sometimes a kid can be like a wild mouse, according to some lab studies of mice. Though I oppose the conditioning of young humans with incentives as if they were rats in a lab, test animals' reactions can sometimes illustrate something about why kids—or grownups—do what they do.
A group of wild mice was brought into a lab and taught to turn on their own cage lights. Given the choice between bright light, dim light or no light at all, the mice would always choose dim light. But whenever the dim light was switched on for them, they would run and change it to either bright light or no light.
In another test, the mice, who for their own good needed and wanted to run about eight hours a day, were given a wheel to run on and also taught to turn it on. So they would regularly turn it on and run. But again, if the wheel was turned on for them, they would flick it right off again.
The mice, who knew they didn't belong caged in a lab, felt the need to control their environment and their own behavior more than they were getting to do. So they controlled what little they could, even to their own detriment.
Does this behavior sound like anyone you know?
"This is foolish freedom," writes James O. Prochaska, Ph.D., John C. Norcross, Ph.D., and Carlo C. Diclemente, Ph. D., in Changing for Good: A Revolutionary Six-Stage Program for Overcoming Bad Habits and Moving Your Life Positively Forward, where the studies on mice are reported.
Of course it's foolish, but mice and boys and girls rightly want to govern themselves as much as possible, even if at the cost of their own well-being. People pushed to the point of seizing freedom this way often reject any kind of influence, note the authors of Changing for Good, at least from those who have been attempting to dominate them.
Kids, who can and will eat without anybody breathing down their necks about it, also tend to take control where they can, and can we blame them? Kids find power in fussiness, and foolish or not, I can understand that desire for self-determination. It's a normal reaction to being pushed and prodded.
Foolish freedom isn't only for kids. Parents, especially those who have been over-controlled themselves, also exercise it. They may think, "No one's going to tell me what to eat, or how to feed my kids." People that were over-controlled as kids may also tend to over-control their own kids' eating, even if it not only doesn't work but even backfires.
Kids need limits and boundaries and instruction, but eating is one of the few places they are best left truly free from the beginning. All they need is the right environment. Like sheep left in a pasture of good grass, they know what to do and will do it. Like the wild mice, if they are free, they don't have to find freedom in foolishness.
This post was featured on Food Renegade's Fight Back Friday on Jan. 15, 2010.
We tried something new this week -- instead of making the kids' plates (my older kids are 4 and 2 yrs), I put all the food out on nice serving dishes. My husband and I said grace and served ourselves, leaving the kids' plates empty. After about 45 seconds of watching us eat, each one asked for something, and ended up eating a balanced meal -- I think we had steak, roasted asparagus, and mashed sweet potatoes. I think they ate because they had agency to choose each thing -- rather than being served, and using their agency to reject, the only option left open if we had done things the usual way.


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A base of Hawaiin Salad with Brown Rice, Sesame, Wakame Seaweed, Edamame, Mushroom, Carrot & Soy dressing.


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January 14, 2021 by crossforknews1
Winfrey's secret
Oprah Winfrey must have gotten tired of counting how many publications and how many times she was recognized as the most influential TV presenter, African-American, philanthropist, businesswoman, and just a woman (emphasize the right) in the world. However, most likely, she never started: at least, by her own admission to Edward Enninful, once typing her name into Google, she learned a lot about herself. "I was so impressed with myself," Oprah jokes. "I didn't even know that I was the first black billionaire in history, or that I donated more to charity in the 20th century than any African American. It's not bad. "
In any case, to understand why Mrs. Winfrey is put on a par with such persons as Barack Obama, Queen Victoria, Confucius, and even Jesus Christ (all of them, at least, were included in the list of people who changed the world, according to Life), not difficult. As soon as Oprah recommended a book as part of her show, the next day sales of the work jumped by several tens of thousands of copies. It cost her in 1998, during a broadcast devoted to mad cow disease, to mention that she would not soon want to eat a burger, as beef sales in the United States fell, and prices fell sharply – for which some American farmers even filed a lawsuit against the TV presenter (case, however, they did not win). According to economists from the University of Maryland, Winfrey's support provided presidential candidate Barack Obama from 400,000 to 1. 6 million votes in the 2008 primaries alone. And all this is just the tip of the iceberg called the Oprah Winfrey phenomenon.
The voice of the humiliated
Was it really a surprise for Oprah that she was the first African American woman to make her first billion on her own (today, a woman's fortune is estimated at $ 4 billion, according to Forbes)? Perhaps so, but before the Golden Globes in 2018, at which Ms. Winfrey was supposed to receive the Cecil B. de Mille award, she still inquired about her own records. Clutching the precious statuette, the TV personality declared from the stage of the award: "… at the moment many little girls are looking at me and see me becoming the first black woman to receive this award." That speech, by the way, created a real sensation: the audience jumped up from their seats in applause in the middle of the performance, and a good half of the audience had tears in their eyes.
Oprah herself had eyes on the wet spot – however, for her, such a manner is not new. Emotion has always been the main feature of her public speaking.
That evening, many were in tune with high-flown words. The 75th Golden Globe ceremony was held under the auspices of the then growing anti-harassment movement Time's Up, so many women attending the event needed an inspiring speech as if they were doing the right thing. Oprah gave them this speech. The effect of her speech was so hypnotic that the media mogul was immediately nominated for the presidency. Excerpts of her speech were circulating on social networks under the hashtag # Oprah2020, and some celebrities have publicly admitted that they consider the TV presenter the ideal nominee for the highest government post. ( presidential nomination).
Categories Movies, Uncategorized Tags secret, winfrey Post navigation


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What does CNDP stand for?
CNDP stands for Computer Network Defense Policy
Information technology (IT) and computers
See other definitions of CNDP
We have 1	other meaning of CNDP in our Acronym Attic
CNDP
MLA style: "CNDP." Acronym Finder. 2021. AcronymFinder.com 18 Jan. 2021 https://www.acronymfinder.com/Computer-Network-Defense-Policy-(CNDP).html
Chicago style: Acronym Finder. S.v. "CNDP." Retrieved January 18 2021 from https://www.acronymfinder.com/Computer-Network-Defense-Policy-(CNDP).html
APA style: CNDP. (n.d.) Acronym Finder. (2021). Retrieved January 18 2021 from https://www.acronymfinder.com/Computer-Network-Defense-Policy-(CNDP).html
Configuration Interaction Method for Electron Transition Moments of the Optical Transition of Large Molecules Based on CNDO/S Parameterization
Complete Neglect of Differential Overlap/Spectroscopic
Complete Neglect of Differential Overlap/Sichel-Whitehead
Complete Neglect of Differential Overlap/Sichel-Whitehead-Wratten Parametrization
Complete Neglect of Differential Overlap-Azimuthal Quantum Number (of Valence Atomic Orbitals)
Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (University of California at Berkeley)
Campaign for New Drug Policies (Santa Monica, CA)
Centre National de Documentation Pédagogique (French: National Centre for Educational Documentation)
Coalition for Nuclear Disarmament and Peace (est. 2000; India)
Commission Nationale du Débat Public (French: National Commission for Public Debate)
Congrès National pour la Défense du Peuple (French: National Congress for the Defence of the People; Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Centre National de Développement de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture (French: National Center for the Development of Fish and Fish Farming, Algeria)
Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (University of Pennsylvania)
Conductor (railroads)
Consiliul National al Dizabilitatii din Romania (Romanian)
Corporate Network for Disaster Response (est. 1990; Philippines)
Chip 'n' Dale Rescue Rangers (TV show)
Call Number Delivery System
Calling Name Delivery Service (Ameritech)
Center for Networking and Distributed Systems (Johns Hopkins University)


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ICANN predicts rosy post-pandemic domain industry — time to start panicking?
Kevin Murphy, December 21, 2020, 22:02:55 (UTC), Domain Policy
Having totally misjudged the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the domain name industry and its own budget, ICANN is now forecasting a rosy (post-pandemic?) fiscal 2022.
The Org has just published its proposed budget for the 12 months beginning July 1, 2021, predicting decent growth in transactions for new and legacy gTLDs, along with a modest increase in new registrars.
It's also predicting that international travel will be back to normal, with three full in-person public meetings going ahead as usual.
ICANN is planning to receive $144.4 million in FY22, up slightly from the $140 million it expects to receive in the current financial year.
The FY22 number is boosted by a $4 million bung from Verisign, negotiated as part of the .com contract renewal, which lifted the price freeze.
It's predicting a 3% increase in legacy gTLD registry transaction fees to $52.8 million and a 6% increase in legacy gTLD registry transaction fees to $5.1 million.
Registrar transaction fees for legacy gTLDs is expected to be up 4% to $33.4 million, with registrar fees for new gTLDs is predicted to rise 5% to $4.2 million.
Altogether, that's $3 million extra in transaction fees — paid whenever a domain is registered, renewed or transferred — compared to its expected FY21 performance.
But that's offset by a $600,000 predicted decline in fixed registry fees, due to an expected loss of 15 new gTLD registries (most likely dormant dot-brands) in the period. It expects to end the year with 1,141 fee-paying registries.
ICANN expects its pool of accredited registrars to bounce back a little, adding 28 in FY22 having lost an expected 121 in FY21. It expects to end FY22 with 2,356 registrars on its books.
The proposed budget also sheds light on how ICANN expects the remainder of coronavirus-afflicted FY21 playing out.
It currently expects its top line for the year to June 30, 2021 to be $140 million, compared to the $129.3 million it predicted in the FY21 budget approved in May this year.
But that budget had been slashed in April by 8% from its original draft, published a year ago. It had planned for $140.4 million, but reduced expectations by $11.1 million due to the coronavirus pandemic.
In April, before the extent of the lockdown bump experienced by many registries and registrars became clear, ICANN said:
ICANN org funding may be impacted because the economic crisis stemming from the pandemic has the potential to impact the funding from domain name registrations and contracted parties through the end of FY20 and into the first months of FY21.
Today, it's saying the impact from coronavirus was "less than expected" and generally forecasting "stable" and more or less business as usual in FY22.
ICANN had budgeted for $85.5 million in transaction fees from all sources in the current year, but now it expects that to come in at $92.6 million, much closer to its December 2019 estimate of $94.7 million.
It had expected to see transaction fees from new gTLDs at both registry and registrar levels to be down by a third, at $8 million, but that number's now expected to come in at $8.9 million. Likewise, the budget predicted a legacy gTLDs dip of 2.3% to $77.5 million, rather than the $86.2 million it now thinks is heading its way.
I should probably point out for future reference that the proposed budget for FY22 was published Friday, the day before the new strain of ultra-infectious coronavirus was discovered in the UK. Who knows what the impact of that might be.
The budget is open for public comment for two months here.
ICANN predicts shrinkage in new gTLD sector
Domain industry likely to suffer from coronavirus as ICANN slashes budget by 8%
Coronavirus has made ICANN $11 million richer than predicted so far this year
Tagged: budget, coronavirus, covid-19, ICANN, pandemic
John McCormac says:
ICANN expected 33 million new gTLD registrations in the first year of operation. It seems to have some difficulty in estimating registration and renewal trends. There was a Covid boom in registrations in Q1 and Q2 2020 but that may be followed by a spike in deletions in 2021. There has been a relentless shift away from gTLDs towards ccTLDs outside the US market and ICANN has not managed to stop that shift.


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Magellan Explorist 500
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The device has got 10 MB built-in Basemap which includes roads, waterways, parks and much more. It has also got the Magellan Geocache manager software.
The Explorist 210 is easy to use with simple menu and design. So, you don't need to compromise on your security while doing your activity. This GPS device can be easily accessed by connecting to the computer by the USB cable. It will look like any other simple drive.
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Compact, rugged and built for the outdoor
Extra space available for downloading MapSend maps
The device includes Geocache manager software
Great battery life
Explorist 500 Maps
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Explorist 500 Software
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Update Your Maps in 3 Simple Steps
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