Donor retention is a critical part of growing your nonprofit's mission. Using a drip email welcome series is a great way to start a relationship with new constituents that hopefully lead to a long-term relationship.
According to research, donor retention is declining across the nonprofit sector. So, starting off on the right foot with new donors is critical to building that long-term engagement.
New donor welcome series have also become easier with the advent of drip email marketing, also known as marketing automation. Email providers like MailChimp, ConstantContact, ActiveCampaign, Pardot and more are readily available to nonprofits, and make setting up a welcome series quick and easy.
Drip email campaigns are an automated way to send out emails to a user based on around a schedule and a behavior that triggers the series.
For the purpose of this post, the example is a new donor to your organization. When they first give a gift it would trigger the email welcome series.
An email welcome series is typically 3 to 4 emails sent about a week apart. The goal is to reinforce the decision that the donor made to support your mission. Then lead them down a pathway towards further engagement.
It's really important to get your messaging in a welcome series correct. To develop better messaging, we recommend using stakeholder interviews and surveys.
Do NOT ask them for more money. This will give the impression that's all you care about.
Why is Marketing Automation Critical to Your Drip Email Campaign?
As we all know, nonprofit staff are constantly wearing a million different hats. Because marketing automation is automated, it reduces the staff time needed to manually engage constituents.
Simply put, it builds capacity at your organization, while also building relationships.
Your email drip campaign should always be personalized. So, make sure that you are using merged data to address the new donor personally.
As we mentioned above, the campaign should be 3 to 4 emails long, and you can send each email about a week a part.
There's no better way to start a relationship than thanking someone. Immediately after a donation is made, send a thank you note to the donor.
The note should reinforce their decision to donate to your organization. Talk about the values or your organization, and how you are making an impact.
This is also a good time to talk about your organizational goals. Demonstrate that you have a big vision and a plan to get there.
Think about more than just a written email. Try a video message from your executive director, or a video that captures your organization's mission and vision.
Storytelling is a great way to show organizational impact.
This email could include a compelling image from the impact story, a teaser about the story, and a quote.
At this point, the new donor should feel connected to your mission and values.
Don't forget to be specific about the value this step will bring to them. Why is the newsletter valuable to them. For example, first to receive volunteer opportunities, or access to publications/resources.
Relationships should be a two-way street. This is no different with constituents.
Send an email about resources or publications that could be helpful to the donor. Perhaps offer special access to a volunteer opportunity.
The bottom line is, help the donor realize that your organization can add value to their lives and experience. Do something nice for them.
A/B test your email content - testing your emails will allow you to tweak the content to get better and better over time. Compare email subject lines, deliver dates/times, actual email content, imagery, etc.
Use Landing Pages - landing pages help increase conversion rates when you are asking users to take an action. Services like Unbounce, LeadPages and Instapage make this process extremely easy.
Segment Users by Action/Interest - many marketing automation systems will allow you to track user interests by the types of links they click on. Use this information to further engage the donor based on their interests.
Link Drip Campaigns - when a donor finishes one drip campaign, start them through another automation sequence based on the behaviors that the donor has taken during the welcome series.
Generating a marketing plan for a nonprofit is a daunting task, to say the least. Content strategy is an easy process that will help you figure out who you are marketing to, and how to talk with them in a way that motivates them to take action.
Our 2016/17 brandUP Awardee is Root & Rebound, an amazing organization that helps guide reentry for formerly incarcerated people and their families. They recently launched an online training hub, which needed an effective marketing strategy to build awareness for this incredible new tool.
Since Root & Rebound already has exceptional branding, we focused this project on helping them create a build a strong and holistic content strategy that would serve as a foundation for the marketing communications going forward.
We'll break the process into simple steps below.
Put simply, content strategy is a way that you organize content and messaging across your marketing channels to appeal to specific audiences, supporters or potential supporters. By analyzing your audiences, you can create compelling content that will motivate them to take some kind of action.
I began my career as a teacher and school administrator, so that informs the way we approach content strategy to a large degree.
As a whole, Rootid's approach to Communications is more about helping our clients authentically educate their stakeholders and constituents, rather than advertise to them.
Effective content strategy is not just defining your audiences and how you are going to 'tell them stuff,' it is thinking more holistically—taking into consideration who they are, what they like to do, what they want from you and then, finally, what you want from them.
A strong content strategy puts the core values of your organization at the center and then pairs them with the needs of your stakeholders and constituents.
So what is the process for developing content strategy? We break it down into steps below.
When starting a content strategy project with clients, we begin by asking them to identify all of the types of people their organization interacts with. By defining those people and considering their worldviews, personalities and lives (what they like to do in their free time, what they value, etc.) we are then able to group them by similarities.
Persona is just a fancy way to say you are grouping your audience members by what motivates them and then creating a 'faux' person/profile to represent those wants and needs. Once you know who your personas are, you can start building scenarios of how best to introduce, educate and inspire.
For Root & Rebound, we found the audiences who would be using, talking and supporting their online training hub fell into three categories/personas, which we named: 'Motivated Second Chancers & Their Loved Ones,' 'Community Connectors,' and 'Inspired Contributors.' Each of these groups would approach their Reentry Training Hub in a unique way, so they would need to be addressed accordingly.
Remember, a good content strategy is about connecting the needs of your audience with your core values. Just like establishing a new friendship, it can not be about an agenda, but rather a relationship.
Once you know who your personas are, give them names and personalities so you can interact with them as real people—individuals with hopes, dreams, motivations and needs of their own. The journey is how you guide one such person from unaware of your organization to a loyal brand advocate.
Marco is a social worker in Los Angeles at a large anti-poverty nonprofit. His low-income clients (many of whom have records) are looking for access to basic needs, including housing, healthcare, and employment. He is 4 years into his career and is both passionate and excited to help his clients in any way he can. Marco is frustrated/limited by the traditional approach of his work—he sees patterns and cycles in reentry and reincarceration, so he's is looking for creative ways to support and energize his clients.
Marco is a member of Los Angeles Reentry Regional Partnership and one day through the listserv, he heard that a group called R&R was coming down to deliver a day training on reentry legal barriers to support practitioners and personally impacted people. Marco attends the training, learns about the reentry training hub and begins using it to quickly find specific information for his clients every day. He orders wallet cards and postcards to have in his office so he can easily share them with clients and colleagues. He also follows R&R on social media, sharing posts about various topics to help educate his friends and family.
Now that we know who our personas are, what motivates them and how they learn about our organization, we develop content that would interest them at the various stages of their journeys. For example, an article that Marco might want to read when he first learns about Root & Rebound will often be different than what he will share with friends, family and colleagues once he knows R&R is a thought-leader and trusted resource.
Building out personas for your donors? Make sure your website is optimized to generate the most donations possible. Download our guide!
Let's face it—writing content for nonprofit websites can be difficult. We all know the feeling of staring at a blank page and trying to develop compelling content.
Unfortunately, research shows that great content for your online marketing efforts is critical to higher conversion rates and engaging user experiences that lead to higher donations, volunteer signups and conversions for the nonprofit.
What are the two things we want users to do on this page?
What are the top three things we want users to take away from reading this page?
Know what concerns them, motivates them, will engage them.
Think about building personas to help with content strategy.
Address your web visitors directly. Use the word you.
Start with your conclusion—write so your most important information is first.
Limit each paragraph to one key concept—four sentences max.
Use short sentences—twelve words on average.
Break your content into sections with meaningful headings—include keywords in headings.
Skip unnecessary words—forget descriptors like very, really, etc.
Break up the content with rich media to tell a better story - there's no better way to tell a story than visually.
Videos should live on YouTube or Vimeo for performance help.
Avoid using industry/organization specific jargon. Write so every user can understand you.
Assume your user knows nothing about the area you work.
Be factual and accurate. Where appropriate, cite trusted sources with links to trusted websites or by quoting trusted authorities.
Explain why your organization is uniquely qualified to address the issues.
Quotes can be a great way to break up content on a page.
Keep your language active! Avoid the passive tense.
The bottom of the page should be building to a call-to-action.
Make sure that there's a clear call-to-action somewhere on the page.
Moz provides a great keyword research tool.
Find 2-4 keywords that you want to focus on.
It's important to include keywords in your page title and sub-headings.
Don't use so many keywords that it's not human-readable. It's more important to provide users a great experience than cram your page with keywords.
Solicit feedback from users in a contact form, blog comments, etc.
Don't use crazy colors everywhere.
And there you have it! Go use your newfound content-writing skills to change the world. No pressure.
In addition to compelling content, there are a lot of important factors that make your website effective. Download our website checklist to find out the critical steps to increase your site traffic, donations, and website leads.
If you are like most nonprofit marketing professionals, you're overworked and under-resourced.
Email automation is the solution you've been waiting for!
Setting up marketing automation systems that trigger emails and autoresponders, drastically reduces the time you and your team spend manually sending emails to court donors, members and volunteers.
A report by DemandGen, a research firm, shows on average a 20% increase in sales opportunities versus non-nurtured leads. Of course this is a statistic on for-profit work, but it doesn't take much of a leap to assume that nurturing sales is very similar to nurturing donors.
The concept of email automation is pretty simple: if a prospect or constituent perform an action, an email (or series of emails) is triggered in sequence.
The sequences can include decision trees based on the user's interaction with any of the emails in the series.
Demographic/Characteristic: Say a user RSVP's to a volunteer event at a particular volunteer site and you ask them their age. If you store that data in a CRM, you could send an email based on that demographic information.
There are endless pieces of information that could trigger automation workflows, but I'll try to stay out of that rabbit hole for this blog post.
Here are 3 ideas how your organization can get started with email automation.
A welcome series is a great way to begin the cultivation of a new constituent to your organization, and ultimately will make them feel more engaged with your mission.
Ask the new constituent to take one more step in their engagement with you - usually a small step forward. Don't go asking them to marry you on the first date!
Here's a hypothetical scenario we've probably all experienced: email newsletter sign-up.
How can we use email marketing to nurture this new relationship?
Below is a quick series of emails that you could send.
Send a thank you email that demonstrates your appreciation for their interest. In this email, it's a great time to link them to an overview of the work that you do.
Perhaps you have a blog post about a recent milestone your organization has reached, or you have an online Annual Report for them to look at.
The most important thing: provide context to your organization.
What is your business case?
Send a testimonial about your work. This should be a powerful story that drives user interest.
Even better, if you have a video testimonial of some kind, send it. Video is a powerful medium that shows real people that have participated or been affected by your mission.
The best stories are personal ones—find a person, animal, place, etc. that you can tell a story around.
Want to know what makes a good story? Read our post on writing stories that drive engagement.
The bottom line: it's important to showcase how your work impacts everyday lives.
Note to Self: Establishing trust before you ask someone to do something is extremely important.
Consumers want to trust a company before they buy their product; donors want to trust that an organization is going to steward their donation well.
We all know where this email automation workflow is going, right?
Yes. We're going to ask the new constituent to do something: make a donation, volunteer, become a member.
It actually doesn't matter what the ask is, the point is that we're going to ask. Just this alone means your organization better be trusted if they expect the ask to go well.
Annual report: Send the new constituent to a page about your organizational fiscal responsibility. Perhaps an annual report.
Showcase a known supporter: If your organization is endorsed by a famous person, ask them to write an endorsement. Or better yet, do a quick video endorsement.
Show a rating: though I'm loathe to fall into the charity rating charade (don't get me started…), you can link to your Charity Navigator rating, or online reviews, or some other kind of rating way to bring proof of your organization's virtues.
Bottom line is: There are a lot of ways to establish trust. This is a critical time to do it.
Now, don't be scared. We hear all the time that staff are scared to ask a new constituent to do something immediately. My response normally is, they've already shown they like you by signing up for something, don't be scared.
Some people will even be flattered. And, there's no better time to make an ask while their first commitment (in this case e-newsletter sign-up), is fresh in the user's mind.
But, it's also important not to be pushy in how you ask.
My opinion: for someone that just signed up for an e-newsletter, I think it's better to ask something simple like RSVP to an organization orientation, or perhaps you do tours of a work site that your organization has.
These in-person engagements can take that initial relationship to the next level—put a face to the cause.
Ask them to volunteer at your organization.
Ask them to an upcoming event.
The key is, make them take one step closer to your organization and help them feel a personal connection.
When a supporter has RSVP'd to an event, it is a great time to engage them even further into your organization.
Let's say for example you're throwing your annual fundraiser.
Here's an email marketing automation series that will get your guest pumped to attend and hopefully motivate them to be extra generous with their support this year.
Send a thank you and confirmation that they signed-up for the event. In this same email, it's a great time to put a quick teaser in about the event theme.
Usually these types of events have themes like an anniversary, support for a strategic organizational goal, or maybe it's the celebration of a milestone—take on a campaign type feel.
Regardless, this event needs context. How is it contributing to your organization's success. Perhaps the constituent already knows the context, but it never hurts to reinforce.
The theme or campaign message can be really powerful if delivered by video (starting to see a theme here?).
It's time to talk impact!
Again, this is a fundraising event, so establishing your organization's impact is going to be important before you ask this person to donate.
Story of a person, place or thing that benefits from your organization's work - videos can be very compelling content here.
Even better: if individual's testimonial and speech will be the centerpiece during the event, you can provide a preview of who they are, the challenges they faced and how your organization helped.
Basically, let the person know that your work makes a positive impact in the world.
This is a great time to remind guests about the event details.
Directions to the location, parking, time table for the event.
Maybe you're having a silent auction, you can preview the top items to get people excited.
This not only orients the guest, but probably will reduce no-shows as well.
Thanking guests for attending quickly after the event is crucial.
If you have details about the fundraising totals and the results that were achieved, share them...and your gratitude in the attendee's participation in that success.
Maybe include a video thank you message from your Executive Director, or a personal thank you from one of the speakers at the event.
You can even add a link in the video on YouTube, and ask the attendee to sign-up for your email list, or volunteer, or….
If you have volunteers at your organization, then you know that it is impressive how much these supporters give of their time and talent.
However, many organizations are shy to ask volunteer to donate. I can respect that, but I also know first hand from my days as a fundraiser, that volunteers can be very generous with their treasures as well, you just need to ask the right way.
Email automation can help you cultivate them into donors at a much higher success rate than simply asking out of the blue.
It's all about education and cultivation.
Obviously, you want to thank them for signing up. It's important to establish how important volunteers are to your organization and their impact.
If you have a lot of repeat volunteers, this may be a good time to provide an update about an ongoing strategic goal, large campaign, or upcoming event.
Providing fresh content can be a nice touch to an email series like this. Most email automation tools have an easy editing interface that make updates to the email a snap.
This is a great time to provide context of what the volunteer will be doing.
Let's say they are doing a river cleanup on the Colorado River. It might be a good time to talk about the importance of the watershed for the health of the ecosystems and cities.
It's also a good time to talk about the impact that volunteers have already had with your organization for the Colorado.
If the volunteer's work will effect a human, tell their story. Use a testimonial to drive emotional connections.
The goal: establish your organization's impact, let the volunteer know the importance of the task that they're about to do. And always, always thank them!
This is a good time to provide logistical support.
Directions to location, meeting instructions, clothing/food/water recommendations or requirements.
Get the volunteer physically ready to perform their task.
Thank the volunteer for their time.
Let them know how much you appreciate their commitment to the organization.
Make an ask while the experience is fresh in the mind.
Don't be patronizing, or combative. Just state the honest truth.
I'd also recommend asking for a small sum of money if they haven't donated before. Get them in the door as a donor.
Once, they're a donor, you can start a new automated workflow to cultivate and retain their support.
Wait, you can chain email automations together also!?
Yep. See how cool this stuff is!
But that's a great post for next time….
Email marketing automation is changing everything.
If you're already a pro, I hope these 3 ideas helped spark some new ways that automation tools can help you.
If you're a newby to email marketing automation, I recommend you get started!
Over and over again we see that marketing automation has brought success for our clients, and we know that it will for you as well.
It's hard to make your organization stand out in the crowded nonprofit space.
That's one of the reasons that Rootid started the brandUP awards.
Our team saw over and over that there are a lot of great nonprofits that are facing resolvable obstacles, but just didn't have the resources or expertise to break through.
Here are few ideas on how we think organizations could use the brandUP award to better their organization.
This doesn't mean that you can't use the award for something else. Remember you know what will take your mission to the next level! But, we thought these were cool ideas as project, or even part of projects.
Many in the nonprofit world believe that branding something that the for-profit sector should deal with, and has no use in the nonprofit world.
In fact, branding is just as important for nonprofits as it is for profit-seeking companies, and perhaps more so.
The Harvard Business Review reported that 64% of people cite shared values as the main reason they have a relationship with a brand.
In the world of nonprofit work, isn't shared values one of the biggest things you hang your hat on to generate loyal supporters? Of course it is!
Rootid works with clients to generate brands that speak to their supporters.
Most people think about brand and they think about logos. This is certainly part of a brand, but a logo isn't generated out of thin air!
Our brand development process starts way before the production of artwork. We start by interviewing internal and external stakeholders extensively.
From these interviews we have a clear understanding of a brand's core values, who your target audiences are, what motivates those audiences, and the channels through which we can speak to them best.
Do you know what your brand stands for? The brandUP awards could be a great time to do some deep soul searching about how your brand is positioned and if it is effectively reaching your audience, and expressing shared values.
It's hard to get your marketing message out to your supporters in the age of cell phone alerts, social media, and streaming TV.
Having a rock solid content marketing strategy will help you engage more constituents and keep them engaged.
According to a recent survey by the Content Marketing Institute, 79% of nonprofit professionals said that fundraising is the number-one goal of their content marketing, with brand awareness coming in second and engagement third. Yet, only 25% of respondents have a content marketing strategy in place.
Relying on content marketing as a primary driver for fundraising, but having no plan is not going to be successful.
Rootid works with clients to build content marketing strategies built around a better understanding of your audience and the end goals.
The bottom line: who are the people that come to your site, and what do you want them to do?
We will generate user personas through focus groups and user interviews.
Then, we build an actionable content marketing strategy that identifies communication channels that will reach the most users, messaging that motivates them, and website design that will drive them to take action.
Content marketing is a vital piece to build brand awareness, boost donations, and widen your inner circle of supporters.
Website users no longer expect their online experience to be a one-way street. They want to hold a conversation with a brand.
User Generated Content (UGC) is quickly becoming a vital piece of a brand's story. Content like, images, Tweets and video that are posted about your brand by your supporters an have become more valuable than anything that your marketing team can themselves.
In fact, according to comScore, and online research firm, 70% of consumers report that they are more likely to trust a peer recommendation over content professionally written one.
Basically, it means content that your supporters create and share about your nonprofit speaks volumes more than anything you produce in-house.
So, let's capture the power of UGC!
UGC campaigns or features on your website can be power ways to tell a story.
Hashtag campaigns - use a tool like Juicer.io to curate content posted on social media to build a campaign story.
User-submitted stories on your website - allow users to submit videos, images and text to your website. After an approval process the story is posted.
Gamification of a pledge - challenge one group of supporters to "out pledge" another group of supporters. The pledge can be fundraiser driven, or volunteer hours driven, or something else. Ask the groups to post about the experience through social media.
There are still more ways, but for the sake of space, we left it at three.
Ever stared at a bunch of text with stats in it?
Yeah, it's really boring and usually you miss the story that someone is trying to tell.
Interactive data is a powerful way to tell a story, or compare information.
There are a lot different ways that you can accomplish this.
If you organization does a lot of research, interactive data can be a really powerful way to display your work.
Rootid recently worked with a think tank to showcase the research they did comparing California school district performance on a number of key factors.
Interactive data not only tells a richer story, but it positions your organization as a leader in the field and boosts online engagement.
Would you like to increase donations, volunteers and memberships at your organization?
Marketing automation nurtures your supporters, or new supporters, by bringing them closer to your organization without the need of staff time to do it.
According to HubSpot, a marketing automation company, nurtured leads make 47% larger purchases than non-nurtured leads.
I realize that your nonprofit isn't selling anything, but it doesn't take much to make the leap that nurtured leads, or nurtured supporters make larger donations, volunteer more and remain members longer.
Additionally, marketing automation frees up one of the best resources that nonprofits have: their employees. By not making your team do all the mundane day to day of sending emails over and over with the same information.
Marketing automation is behavior driven, which means if a user opens email A and takes action B, your automation platform will "automate" the next step in the process. Maybe it's sending another email, or inviting them to an event, or asking for a donation.
It bases nurturing on action, not guessing.
The applications of marketing automation are wide and varied, but Rootid has worked with clients (and we use marketing automation internally at our firm), to widen the reach of their mission, and deepen the relationships with their current supporters.


Bet 365 are one of the worlds biggest betting, gambling and e-gaming groups with over 7 million customers in 200 countries around the world. They hold the rights to stream over 30,000 sporting events each year which include Football, Basketball, Badminton, Bowls, Cricket, Rugby League, Netball and Tennis live from their website at bet365.com.
The various football leagues that are streamed live to your PC include matches from American Soccer Leagues, The Chinese Super League, Italian Serie A, Champions League Qualifiers, UEFA Cup, Supa Liga, Russian Premier League, Internationals and loads more games from around the world.
Apart from football streaming they provide you with a massive range of football and sports on both standard and in-play markets for you to place bets on. On their website they also have a Casino, Games, Poker and Bingo sections that can be played through their one wallet system, meaning that you can use the same account to play all of the above quickly and easily.
2. Log in to your account with your username and password. At the top right of the page is a link that says 'Live Streaming', this will open in a new window and allow you to view the live schedules. You can also find the live streams from the In-Play section.
3. You can view the schedules at any time by visiting the In-Play section and looking out for the red streaming icon.
4. When the live match you want to watch is available simply click the play button and it will open within you browser. It is also possible to watch using a stand alone player by clicking on the link below the main player.
5. Enjoy the free football and other live sporting events!
In order to watch the live matches you must first register for a free account.


text:
The Star Boarder is a 1914 American short comedy film starring Charlie Chaplin.

The film is also known as The Landlady's Pet, its 1918 American reissue title.

Synopsis
Charlie, a resident in a boarding house, is the favorite of his landlord's wife. His fellow male boarders are jealous of the situation and dislike Charlie because of it. They arrange to frighten him with a dummy. Charlie is frightened and runs to the police. Meanwhile, a tramp has hidden himself in a cupboard. The police find him, making Charlie a hero for the moment. The mischievous young son of the landlord, however, has taken a series of compromising photographs and displays them to everyone in a magic lantern show. Two scandals are revealed: One photo shows Charlie kissing the proprietor's wife. Another shows the proprietor flirting with another woman.

The young son was played by Gordon Griffith. Four years later Griffith would play the young title character in the first movie adaptation of Tarzan of the Apes.

Review
Motion Picture News said of The Star Boarder, "[It is] a very funny comedy. The landlady is too familiar with the star boarder to suit her husband. He gets even, however, by going out with another woman."

Cast
 Charles Chaplin as The Star Boarder
 Minta Durfee as Landlady
 Edgar Kennedy as Landlady's husband
 Gordon Griffith as Their son
 Alice Davenport as Landlady's friend
 Phyllis Allen (uncredited boarder)
 Jess Dandy (uncredited boarder)
 Billy Gilbert (uncredited boarder)
 Wallace MacDonald (uncredited boarder)
 Harry McCoy (uncredited boarder)
 Rube Miller (uncredited boarder)
 Lee Morris (uncredited boarder)
 William Nigh (uncredited boarder)
 Al St. John (uncredited boarder)

Reception
Like many American films of the time, The Star Boarder was subject to restrictions and cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, the Chicago Board of Censors required, when the film was submitted for review for its 1918 reissue as The Landlady's Pet, cuts of Chaplin thumbing his nose and the scene of Chaplin inflating his trousers and looking into them.

See also
 List of American films of 1914
 Charlie Chaplin filmography

References

External links

1914 films
1914 comedy films
American silent short films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by George Nichols
Films produced by Mack Sennett
1914 short films
Silent American comedy films
Articles containing video clips
American comedy short films
1910s American films

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
THE ARSENAL OF DESTRUCTION: CREATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
You Are Here:The Arbalest Quarrel Article THE ARSENAL OF DESTRUCTION: CREATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
In Article
PART 3: FATHERLAND, MOTHERLAND, HOMELAND: THE ORIGINS OF A POLICE STATE WITHIN THE UNITED STATES
SUBPART 2: CREATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
An inverse relationship exists between power wielded by Government and a Citizenry's freedom from Government's exercise of that power. As Government accumulates power, there is a concomitant loss of freedom and liberty in the Citizenry. This is axiomatically true. The Founders of the American Republic knew this. As power waxes unchecked in Government, the liberties and freedoms of Americans, written in stone in the Bill of Rights, wanes. There is irony in this. The Federal Government, created to serve the American People, turns on the People and requires the People to serve it. In so doing, the Government betrays the People, destroys personal autonomy, and undercuts the rule of law.
The Founders sought, through creation of a three branch system of Government, to prevent autocracy from taking root. The powers of Government are specific and limited. The powers not specifically bestowed on Government reside in the States and the People. The Rights and Liberties set down in the first Ten Amendments, comprising the Bill of Rights, of the U.S. Constitution, coupled with the specific and limited powers of the three salient Branches of Government as set forth in the first three Articles of the U.S. Constitution, if adhered to, ward against Government excess.
The People see through abridgment or curtailment of rights and liberties held by them. The Executive has secured unfettered power for itself, unto itself. Congress, in whom the Founders bestowed certain powers to prevent Executive overreach, is either oblivious to or complicit in this. Deference shown to another Branch of Government is laudable; acquiescence is regrettable, if, at times, forgivable; abject subservience is not.
Congress has abdicated its authority. Congress has allowed the Executive Branch to wage war without its approval. And Congress has enacted laws permitting the Executive Branch to run roughshod over the rights and liberties of the American People. In so doing, Congress is sealing its fate and the fate of the American people.
In the first decade of the 21st Century, Congress enacted a plethora of Statutes negatively impacting the Bill of Rights. Although aimed, ostensibly, at bolstering internal security, these Statutes clearly impinge on and infringe the rights and liberties of Americans. Two of the earliest include the 2001 "USA Patriot Act" and the "Homeland Security Act of 2002." The latter Act authorized the creation of a vast bureaucratic structure, the Department of Homeland Security ("DHS"). The stated purpose of the former is "to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes." The two work in tandem. Both threaten personal autonomy and undermine individual liberty.
DHS: THE BIRTH OF A MONSTER
Richard Armey, a Republican Congressman, sponsored the Bill that became the "Homeland Security Act of 2002" (Public Law 107-296; 116 Stat. 2135). A majority of Republicans in the House supported it. Most Democrats did not; nor did the President, George W. Bush, at least initially. He saw a new cabinet level office problematic and said so. See, "Crisis Bureaucracy: Homeland Security and the Political Design of Legal Mandates," Dara Kay Cohen, Mariano-Florentino Cuellar, and Barry R. Weingast, 59 Stan. L. Rev. 673 (December, 2006). Yet, a majority of House Republicans and every Senate Republican (save one who abstained) voted for enactment. So, President Bush reluctantly signed it into law on November 25, 2002. He has probably found it felicitous, and Obama certainly so. It has given the Executive Branch immense new powers. Republicans who generally and rightly bemoan the growth of Big Government were peculiarly pleased with their action here.
What did the American Public receive? The Public received a vastly expanded Government bureaucracy, a lumbering monolithic structure, consolidating several government agencies, duplicating many police and intelligence functions, expending tens of billions of dollars of taxpayer monies on programs that operate against Americans' own interests, spreading its tentacles across the American landscape. DHS has flooded the States with money, taxpayer dollars, militarizing the States' respective police forces, creating de facto agents of the Federal Government, driving a wedge between the States' police agencies and their own residents.
"A ROSE BY ANY OTHER NAME. . . ."
Prior to the attack on the twin towers, no one inside the U.S. Government or outside it used the word, 'homeland,' to describe the United States. And, 'homeland' never appeared as an appellation for a Government office, bureau, agency, or cabinet level department; nor did the media refer to the United States by it. Now, though, it's part of the Government lexicon. The mainstream news media uses it incessantly, drilling it into the public psyche. Much thought must have gone into its creation.
How did the word arise as a political descriptor? Neither the news media nor the Government explains this. So, let's hazard a guess. The word is curiously wholesome sounding, non-threatening, almost soothing, and deceptively vague – a marvel of propaganda. But, the word belies its innocuous tone. As applied to a vast, ponderous, monstrous bureaucratic structure, the word, 'homeland,' is neither quaint nor sweet. The word's usage today alludes to an earlier era. Its progenitors invoke totalitarian regimes. Recall the application of similar words to other polities: 'fatherland' as an appellation for Germany under the Third Reich, and 'motherland' as an appellation for Stalinist Russia.
The propagandists who came up with the word, 'homeland,' as a component of the "Department of Homeland Security," ("DHS") were clever. The word is a marvel of social conscious engineering. It subtly suggests a transformative process within the United States, overtly positive, but covertly negative: the devolution of a Nation State from its origins as a Democratic Republic to plutocratic or autocratic governance.
Use of 'homeland' as a descriptor for the United States and for a new cabinet level department is not, then, accident or happenstance. Use of the word 'homeland' is deliberate. Use of the word, 'homeland,' subtly ushers in a new political order: the rise of the Police State.
What does the "Department of Homeland Security" connote? If you know nothing about the structure of the Department, the name may suggest a vast network of internal, domestic control mechanisms. And, indeed, the Department is diffuse, a patchwork quilt, touching upon multiple facets of American life and conduct, expanding into all spheres of American life.
The mission of DHS is set forth, thus: "to secure the nation from the many threats we face. . . . Our duties are wide-ranging, but our goal is clear – keeping America safe." See www.dhs.gov/about-dhs. The mission statement seems straightforward and noble if also self-serving. But the phrases, "our duties are wide-ranging," and "keeping America safe," have ominous overtones. In fact, DHS intends, condescendingly, to protect the American public from itself. That means, inter alia, arms control. Keeping America safe is a cloak for antiterrorism and national security measures which "are wide-ranging." Implementation of antiterrorism measures means impinging on and infringing America's sacred rights and liberties. Keeping America safe requires keeping tabs on the public, disarming the public, controlling the public. These are the policy objectives of DHS.
CONTROL OF THE CITIZENRY
A definite tension exists between DHS counterterrorism and national security mandates and America's Bill of Rights. In a 2009 report, the DHS said the fear of gun regulations and bans is linked to a rise in right-wing extremist groups. See, "Quick on the Draw: Implicit Bias and the Second Amendment," Adam, Benforado, 89 Or. L. Rev. 1 (2010), citing a DHS study. So, if DHS dubs a person "a right-wing extremist," ergo a "terrorist," that person may, potentially, be denied his right to keep and bear arms.
But, who or what constitutes a right-wing extremist? If a person commits an act of violence against another because of one's race or religion, and is duly convicted of a felony in a court of competent jurisdiction, that person may reasonably expect to lose the right to keep and bear arms. State Statutes provide for that. But, if a person merely has a fascination with firearms, professes a dislike for illegal immigrants, associates with others of like kind, and proclaims distrust of the Federal Government, under what legal theory does DHS purport to dispossess him of his firearms? Under what legal theory does DHS purport to limit that person's right to associate with others? Under what legal theory does DHS purport to invade that person's privacy? DHS could assert that person to be a right-wing extremist and, potentially, a "terrorist." And, that, apparently, is enough. But, for all that, what might give birth to seeming extremism in a Nation's citizenry?
May not extremism, existent in or perceived in, a Nation's Citizenry be due to a corresponding extremism linked to Government's unreasonable, illegitimate, unconscionable intrusion on its Citizenry? May not such extremism in a Nation's Citizenry be directly linked to extremism in a Nation's Government? Might not the one be the cause of the other? Is not the very existence of DHS an absurdly extreme response to a decidedly weak external threat? Or, perhaps the relative strength or weakness of such external threat to a Nation is beside the point. Perhaps such postulation of this or that external threat is only a pretext upon which a Government — this Government, the U.S. Government — seeks to exert its control over its Citizenry — that autocratic or plutocratic, totalitarian rule may take shape, grow, express itself, flourish, operate unimpeded — that after 200+ years a Republic — this Republic — may be decidedly and decisively laid to rest.
So threats to a polity are exaggerated or simply manufactured. DHS is a vehicle through which Government fosters threats to hasten the end of — not preserve — our Democratic Republic. And, so fear of gun bans — fear of dismantling of the Second Amendment — is not an unreasonable fear in a Citizenry that realizes loss of its inalienable rights. The loss of such rights would not be taken lightly by the Citizenry; nor should it be. Extremism, an extreme response to the potential loss of a Citizenry's inalienable rights, would not be unexpected. And an extreme response would not be unwarranted. Extremism would, in fact, be the reasonable expression of a Citizenry's outrage toward its Government's betrayal.
Government sees the extremism — the extreme outrage exhibited toward it or enacted against it — as a threat to it, and clamps down upon the populace. The threat to the polity, posed by the Citizenry against its Government, is no less the threat of the polity, exerted by the Government, against its Citizenry. The two go hand-in-hand.
The Citizenry, the internal "other," not the external "other," is seen as the "real threat" to Government. The Citizenry, as a body, is viewed as the "Terrorist." At that moment the Security Police State is realized. The dream of the Security Police State for those who wish it is fulfilled. The Republic is undone. Citizens are merely subjects, "proles," individuals who have no rights — individuals who have, at best, privileges, granted to them by the Government — privileges that, as grants, can and would be revoked by the Government at any time.
DHS tends to posit threats indiscriminately, under the guise of "keeping America safe." It attempts to target ever more Americans as potential terror threats, and, in so doing, seeks to limit Americans' Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms, Americans' First Amendment right of free speech and right of association, and Americans' Fourth Amendment right to privacy. DHS mandates butt up against the Bill of Rights. See, generally, "National Security Interest Convergence," Sudha Setty, 4 Harv. Nat'l Sec. J. 185 (2112). Sudha says unequivocally that "Americans will see their rights hemmed by antiterrorism measures." That's cause for consternation.
Consider, in 2009, "the TSA {Transportation Security Administration, an agency transferred to and consolidated in DHS from the Department of Transportation} detained a man . . . who intended to fly from St. Louis to Washington D.C. carrying . . . cash he had generated selling bumper-stickers for 'Campaign for Liberty,' a Ron Paul-led organization. As the state of Missouri had warned the TSA that illegal militia members were likely supporters of third-party organizations and candidates, he was temporarily detained." See, "Failing to Secure the Skies: Why America has Struggled to Protect Itself and How it Can Change," Ian David Fiske, 15 Va. J.L. & Tech. 173 (Fall, 201).
DHS is a destroyer of Americans' sacred rights and liberties because its policy considerations are aimed at the twin, ill-defined and unusually broad mandates of counterterrorism and national security – mandates at odds with the Bill of Rights. Case in point: the Federal Emergency Management Agency ("FEMA"). FEMA, like TSA, is now a component of DHS. You would think an agency whose purpose is disaster relief wouldn't have anything to do with the regulation of civilian weapons. DHS changed that. In emergency situations – presumptively entailing insurrection – the first order of business of FEMA, as a component of DHS, is population suppression, not disaster relief. That became abundantly clear in the aftermath of Katrina. "Disaster Mythology and the Law," Lisa Grow Sun, 96 Cornell L. Rev. 1131 (July 2011).
Although President Bush required DHS to backpedal from its outrageous stance during Katrina, DHS still functions like the Department of Defense ("DOD"). No tenable distinction exists between "terrorist" acts and natural disasters. Its massive domain, though, is "internal security," not external military operations. DHS has been tasked with creation of an Incident Command System ("ICS") that mirrors the DOD framework. See "Law and Lawyers in the Incident Command System," Clifford J. Villa, 36 Seattle Univ. L. R. 1855 (Summer, 2013).
WHAT SHOULD CONGRESS DO TO REIN IN DHS?
The impact on Americans' rights and liberties in the era of DHS will continue to be severely tested. DHS will take draconian steps that upend the Bill of Rights. DHS will do this under the guise of "keeping America safe," consistent with its broad counterterrorism and national security mandates. While DHS may, occasionally, have to backpedal, Congress should place constraints on DHS before the fact. Having created this multi-billion dollar monolithic nightmare, Congress owes the American people that much.
Copyright © 2014 Roger J Katz (Towne Criour) and Stephen L. D'Andrilli (Publius) All Rights Reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Media outlets complain the Obama administration is restricting access they've had in the past. NBC's Kristen Welker reports.
>>> president obama of course paid his respects to nelson mandela when he spoke at a memorial service in johannesburg on tuesday. you may have seen these photos released by the white house , taken aboard air force one on the way to south africa . president bush and his wife laura, secretary of state hillary clinton traveled with the obamas. official photo releases like these are not.
>> reporter: now at the central of an escalating battle between the white house and the news media over access and image control. our white house reporter has more.
>> reporter: this sumter president and his former secretary of state had lunch at the white house . a newsworthy event. the news media weren't invited in. only the one given access? the official white house photographer.
>> we're the first eyes and ears for the public. if we're not getting access to the president, the public isn't getting access to the president.
>> reporter: he calls images like these pure prop ganld a. arguing the obama white house consistently blocks journalists from events they routinely covered in previous administrations. the most recent example, those photos of the historic air force one trip by two presidents to nelson mandela 's funeral. captured only through a white house lens while the press corps was in the back of the plain.
>> the white house is getting the only control.
>> reporter: 30 news organizations recently joined in a letter to the white house charging the administration is blocking the public from having an independent view of the executive branch of government . last week the fight boiled over in the briefing room with press secretary jay carney insisting the president values the independent media .
>> we're going on work with the press and the photographers to try to address some of their concerns.
>> reporter: historically presidents have tried to control their image through official photos but social media has made this government's pr push a lot easier.
>> the availability of twitter, flicker, allows them to do it without any filter of the media.
>> reporter: it is not only the press cameras being shuttered. denying the media unscripted answers that might be news worthy.
>> his promises, consistent promise of a transparent administration led people to believe that the access would be different. that it would be greater.


text:
REICHEL RECOMMENDS / The Arts in Utah and Beyond
Arts Reviews and Recommendations
Videos of Performances
CLASSICAL CD FORUM
Dance Previews and Reviews
Upcoming Dance Events
ARTS COMMUNITY
Community Arts Forum
AUDITIONS/ANNOUNCEMENTS
Live Theater Coverage
Upcoming Theatre Events
Category Archives: Film Reviews
Reviews of Films
SOUNDTRACK REVIEW by Andrew Klay: The Nativity Story (2006)
Posted on February 25, 2012 by webmaster
Director: Catherine Hardwicke
Composer: Mychael Danna
Whether you're Christian or not, The Nativity Story is a powerful film with even more powerful music to accompany it. We experience a grittier, more painfully realistic depiction of Mary and Joseph's journey to Bethlehem, amid political turmoil and family struggle.
This film, strangely enough, shares the same director as Twilight, but couldn't be more opposite in look and feel. The composer, Mychael Danna, has a few familiar films under his belt, but in general is not widely known. What this partnership delivered was an emotional masterpiece.
The film opens with King Herod's "Massacre of the Innocents," in which he orders the death of every male child under the age of two, in an attempt to thwart the rise of a new foretold leader. We then flash back one year and are placed in Nazareth, where we are introduced to the teenage Mary, who would soon become the mother of Jesus. Danna uses a harp, recorder, and a middle-eastern vocalist for Mary's theme, which is contemplative and wistful. In the track entitled "Nazareth," we are taken into the mind and heart of Mary, learning of her inner struggles regarding her predetermined future, in addition to the fears involved in living under political tyranny. We get to know her on an intimate level and share her deep concerns. The score reflects Mary's yearning for a better life, as well as her desires to honor her family.
After being betrothed to Joseph, she is visited by an angel and told she will bear the son of God. She takes a journey to visit her much older cousin, Elizabeth, who is also with child, where her theme is reprised. Upon Mary's return, her family is horrified and ashamed to find her pregnant. Joseph, bitterly disappointed, is prepared to divorce her quietly, when he, too, is visited by an angel. He and Mary then make preparations for a voyage to Bethlehem, to be taxed in the land of his birth.
One of the defining characteristics of this film is its realistic portrayal of their strenuous journey. We normally don't give it much thought, but 90 miles on a donkey across rugged terrain with a meager food supply would prove life-threatening. It is by no means a pleasant trip. Danna gives us this sense of desperate urgency as they approach Bethlehem, and it is obvious that Mary could deliver at any time. In the track "Is there a Place for Us?", Danna incorporates elements from the familiar Christmas tune, "Carol of the Bells," but this time in a dangerous, jarring way. Joseph carries Mary from inn to inn but all are full.
The piece transitions us to the scene of Jesus' birth in a limestone-cave stable. Christ's birth is not shown in the typical peaceful way, but rather, we are exposed to the extreme desperation of this young couple's circumstances. As the baby is delivered, glorious light pours through an opening in the cave ceiling, a sign to the Magi of the Christ child's birth. This music encompasses two tracks, which deserve to be heard together seamlessly. They are "A Star Shall Come Forth" and "I Bring You Good Tidings," respectively. This is some of the most powerfully emotive music ever to grace the screen. It certainly underscores the significance of the moment and does justice to the subject matter. The piece is marked by heavenly choir that shifts from ominous to passionate to an almost Gregorian Chant-like style. In the middle of the piece, heavy strings complement the choir to form the climactic scene of the film. When Mary holds her newborn son, the mood shifts back to relief and awe.
The film ends with a traditional rendition of Silens Nox, or "Silent Night." Danna is able to transform a European carol into a tastefully-crafted, traditional piece of music. It seems familiar and appropriate, yet not obvious. By combining Medieval and Middle-eastern styles of music, he paints a beautiful picture with stunning textures that place the viewer in the time period, the setting, and the story. The Nativity Story has a richly unique score that will definitely stand the test of time.
Is There a Place for Us?
A Star Shall Come Forth
Silens Nox
Posted in Film Music Reviews, Film Reviews	| Leave a reply
SOUNDTRACK REVIEW by Andrew Klay: King Kong (2005)
Soundtrack Review #2: King Kong (2005)
Composer: James Newton Howard
The score for King Kong is an interesting story, since it is not the first. Peter Jackson previously had maintained a professional partnership with composer Howard Shore, with whom he had produced the three Lord of the Rings films. Shore was initially hired for King Kong, and most of the score was actually recorded. At some point Jackson realized that Shore's vision for the film did not match his own, and after much deliberation, decided to sever their creative partnership and seek out a new composer.
It was then that James Newton Howard was brought in, with only 5 weeks until the film's release date. Howard would have less than a quarter of the time granted most composers to score the film. And with three-hour epics like Jackson's, this made the task all the more daunting.
But James Newton Howard succeeded. He worked tirelessly to bring King Kong to life, often upwards of 20 hours a day in his Los Angeles studio, while the Jackson team finished up post production in Wellington, New Zealand. Howard and Jackson communicated via video conference, and the two never even met until the premiere.
From what little information we have, gleamed from web diary documentaries produced by Jackson leading up to the premiere, we know that Howard Shore's original score contained a wider variety of unique indigenous instruments to give the film an exotic flavor. It was even recorded in a state-of-the-art facility, an oddly-shaped symphony hall in New Zealand. No one knows if those recordings will ever be made available for purchase—they would certainly make great collector's items.
In the final soundtrack we identify a number of elements and motifs. The main theme, played by cellos and low brass at the very beginning of the film, takes several other forms as the film progresses. It is brought back at any mention or implication of the journey to Skull Island. Next we have music involving the female lead, Anne Darrow, played by Naomi Watts. Her theme music is gentle and tender, utilizing piano and strings. When we see the beast, we are bombarded by full brass, an homage to the original 1933 version.
What Jackson brought to the story was an intimate connection between Anne and the beast, not a love story per se, but an attachment, showing us that King Kong is neither as vicious nor as blood thirsty as he is believed to be. This is reflected in the track entitled "Beautiful," a theme for piano, harp, and flute which is just that. It reveals a protective, affectionate side of the so-called monster, as well as Anne's desire to prevent his capture and imprisonment. The two form a bond of friendship, a bit like a dog and its master, and through the music we as the audience are drawn into that sentiment. We feel for the beast and do not fear him as his captors do.
This is evidenced in the end of the film, when Anne waves the airplanes away from the Empire State building, begging them not to harm Kong. The music turns from intense brass and percussion to mournful choir and fervent strings, placing us emotionally into the heart of the scene. Our perceptions of fear have been transformed by a score that gave King Kong a fresh, unconventional angle.
Links to explore:
(1) The Venture Departs (reprise of main theme) :
The Venture Departs
(2) Central Park (love theme) :
(3) Beauty Killed the Beast (Kong's death) :
Beauty Killed the Beast
(4) Web documentary on scoring King Kong:
View Doc
Posted in Articles, Film Music Reviews, Film Reviews	| Leave a reply
Arts Updates
Subscribe to receive ReichelRecommends.com Eblast Updates. Updates include arts articles, announcements and invitations for upcoming arts events throughout our area and beyond.
Beethoven Festival 37th Year!
Violinist JD Hunter to Perform May 13 at Libby Gardner Hall
Award-winning Pianist Hsiang John Tu performs Mar 14 & 15
Virtuoso Pianist Stephen Beus Performs with Beethoven Festival Concert Series Oct 20
BEETHOVEN FESTIVAL performs Chausson, Bernstein and Bruch today
Archives Select Month June 2019 May 2019 March 2019 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 June 2017 April 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 October 2016 September 2016 July 2016 May 2016 April 2016 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010
CLASSICAL CD/DOWNLOADS FORUM
Dance Coverage
Film Music Reviews
Upcoming Film & Film Music Events
webmaster on BEETHOVEN FESTIVAL performs Chausson, Bernstein and Bruch today
KPerkins on Re-Subscribe Today, Please
Gregory Walz on UTAH SYMPHONY'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY TO BE CELEBRATED IN GRAND STYLE IN 2015-16 SEASON
Gregory Walz on UTAH OPERA ANNOUNCES 2015-16 SEASON
Liz Bell on PERFORMANCES-THEATRE-AUGUST 2014


Surrounded by Busy Nationally Recognized Tenants, High Exposure Location, Staff Parking on Rear Lot, Free Front Customer Parking. Building Features: Street Facing Windows, Large, Open, Bright Reception Area. 1 Washroom. Multiple Storage Rooms (One with Sink). Large Rear Addition perfect for Workshops, Display, Additional Storage. Rear Addition has Separate Entrance. "Heritage Building".


text:
NOWCAST KCCI News on METV at 9pm Sunday Night
Johnston loses tough battle in Little League World Series
Updated: 4:21 PM CDT Aug 24, 2016
Andy Garman
Sports Director
Johnston's little league team returned to the field Wednesday afternoon in what was their final game of the Little League World Series.They took on Goodlettsville, Tennessee, in another elimination game.The final score was Tennessee 14, Johnston 3 in five innings.Tennessee scored 6 runs in the 4th to take a 7-3 lead. Johnston coming up to bat. Central Iowa should put on the rally caps right about now, KCCI Sports Director Andy Garman reported.The team played an elimination game Tuesday afternoon against Warwick, Rhode Island, and won. Johnston took the game 3-2 with two runs in the bottom of the 6th inning.A team from Iowa has never won the Little League World Series. Look for highlights of the game tonight on KCCI 8 News.
SOUTH WILLIAMSPORT, Pa. —
Johnston's little league team returned to the field Wednesday afternoon in what was their final game of the Little League World Series.
They took on Goodlettsville, Tennessee, in another elimination game.
The final score was Tennessee 14, Johnston 3 in five innings.
Tennessee scored 6 runs in the 4th to take a 7-3 lead. Johnston coming up to bat. Central Iowa should put on the rally caps right about now, KCCI Sports Director Andy Garman reported.
The team played an elimination game Tuesday afternoon against Warwick, Rhode Island, and won. Johnston took the game 3-2 with two runs in the bottom of the 6th inning.
A team from Iowa has never won the Little League World Series. Look for highlights of the game tonight on KCCI 8 News.


SRM University Chennai, Kattankulathur campus is ranked as one of the best private engineering university. Formerly known as SRM Institute of Technology, it has been granted the status of a full-fledged University in the year 2006. The SRM University is one of the largest private university in India with a population of over 38,000 students across its 7 campuses.
SRM University is particularly known for its courses in Engineering and Technology branches. In the past few years, the SRM University has maintained its spot in the top engineering colleges in India. With campuses in Northern India too, the SRM University has fulfilled the purpose of imparting quality education to students from across the country.
SRM University conducts entrance exams for admission to its various courses. The admission tests are conducted separately for different branches of study.
SRMJEEE Or SRM Joint Engineering Entrance Exam is conducted for admission to B.Tech. programs offered at SRM Group of Universities. The minimum eligibility requirement for applying to SRMJEEE is 10+2 in science stream with a minimum of 60% marks.
B.Tech. - Biomedical Engineering (BME) 1,50,000/- p.a.
B.Tech. - Civil Engineering (CE) 1,50,000/- p.a.
B.Tech. - Computer Science & Engineering with specialization in Cloud and Mobile based Application (in association with IBM) 2,00,000/- p.a.
B.Tech. - Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) 1,50,000/- p.a.
B.Tech. - Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE) 1,50,000/- p.a.
B.Tech. - Electronics & Communication Engineering (ECE) 1,50,000/- p.a.
B.Tech. - Mechanical Engineering (ME) 1,50,000/- p.a.
B.Tech. - Mechatronics 1,50,000/- p.a.
B.Tech. - Robotics and Automation 1,50,000/- p.a.
B.Tech.- Computer Science & Engineering with specialization in Data Science & Artificial Intelligence (in association with IBM) 2,00,000/- p.a.
M.Tech. - Biotechnology (Pharmaceutical / Industrial) 1,00,000/- p.a.
M.Tech. - Civil Engineering / Structural Engineering 1,00,000/- p.a.
M.Tech. - Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) 1,00,000/- p.a.
M.Tech. - Electronics & Communication Engineering / Microelectronics 1,00,000/- p.a.
M.Tech. - Mechanical Engineering / Production Engineering 1,00,000/- p.a.


text:
\section{Introduction}
	%

	The process of sedimentation, where particles in suspension settle in the presence of a gravitational field, is ubiquitous over a wide range of length scales \cite{Piazza2014, Cho2011, Park2012, Yoder2001, Schuck2003}. For example, sedimentation plays a relevant role in natural water transport, affecting the chemical composition of the seabed \cite{Smith1986} and the water quality in reservoirs \cite{Knox2006, Holz2004}. At the other end of the scale, sedimentation by ultracentrifugation is used as an analytical tool in medical, biological and pharmaceutical applications, where the constituents of a suspension are separated by molecular weight \cite{Cole2008, Lebowitz2002}. At the fundamental level, sedimentation experiments were developed and used extensively in statistical physics and colloidal science to evaluate the equation of state of hard spheres \cite{Piazza1993} and to study the phase diagram of colloidal particles \cite{Buzzaccaro2008}.

	Studies of the sedimentation of mixtures of particles that differ in their buoyant mass revealed a rich phase stacking diagram under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions \cite{Batchelor1986, Heras2013}. The structure of the final deposit depends not only on the difference in buoyant masses but also on the particle-particle interactions \cite{Araujo2017,Rasa2004, Heras2012, Kleshchanok2012,Dias2014}. Here we focus on dynamical effects. Following a methodology developep previously \cite{Nunes2018}, we consider that the particles differ by their Stokes coefficients only, and are identical otherwise. Thus, their thermodynamic phases are perfectly mixed, any demixing being dynamically induced.

	When thermal fluctuations are negligible, colloidal particles in solution are expected to sediment at a sedimentation velocity that depends only on the strength of the gravitational field and their Stokes coefficient. Thus, distinct Stokes coefficients imply different sedimentation velocities. In what follows, we show that the morphology of the final deposit depends crucially on the ratio of the sedimentation velocities. Above a certain threshold, which will be quantified below, the particles are segregated in the final deposit, as they arrive at the substrate at different rates and do not have the time to relax to the thermodynamic equilibrium mixed state. We investigate this segregation and discuss how it depends on the different model parameters.

	The paper is organized in the following way. In Section \ref{sec::model}, we describe the model and the details of the simulations. Results from the particle-based simulations (Brownian dynamics) and a mean-field approximation are discussed in Section \ref{sec::results}. Finally, we draw some conclusions in Section \ref{sec::conclusions}.

	\section{Model and Simulations~\label{sec::model}}
	%
	We consider a binary mixture of identical spherical particles where the two species are characterized by distinct Stokes coefficients. The particles are in a uniform gravitational field along the vertical direction ($y$-direction) and inside a rectangular two-dimensional box of width $L_x$ and height $L_y$. We assume boundary conditions periodic in the $x$-direction and rigid walls in the $y$-direction. The trajectory of each particle $i$ is obtained by solving the Langevin equation, in the overdamped regime,
	%
	\begin{equation}
	%
	\gamma_i \frac{d\vec{r}_i}{dt} = -\nabla _i\left[\sum_{j}^N V_{ij}(r) \right] +m\vec{g}+ \vec{\xi}_{i},\quad j\neq i\label{Eq:MotionEq}
	%
	\end{equation}
	%
	where, $\vec{r}_i$ is the position of particle  $i$, $V_{ij}$ is the pairwise potential, $N$ the total number of particles, $m$ the mass, $\vec{g}=-g\vec{e}_y$ the gravitational field, $\vec{\xi}_i$ a stochastic force, and $\gamma_i$ is the Stokes coefficient. The two species differ through their values of $\gamma_i$: $\gamma_f$ for fast particles and $\gamma_s$ for slow ones, such that $\gamma_f<\gamma_s$. The diffusion coefficient of each species is also different, as determined by the Stokes-Einstein relation $D_i=k_BT/\gamma_i$. As a result, the two species have different sedimentation velocities, $\vec{v}_{i}=\frac{m}{\gamma_i} \vec{g}$ since the the particles have the same mass. The fluid is in thermodynamic equilibrium at a thermostat temperature $T$ and hydrodynamic effects are neglected, and thus the time series of the stochastic force is drawn from a Gaussian distribution with zero mean and uncorrelated second moments in time and space, given by $\left\langle \xi_i^k(t)\xi_i^l(t')\right\rangle = 2k_BT\gamma_i\delta_{kl}\delta(t-t')$, where $k$ and $l$ refer to the coordinates of the vector $\vec{\xi}_i$.

	To focus on purely dynamical effects, we consider that the particle-particle interactions are identical for all the particles. We describe this interaction through a (repulsive) Lennard-Jones potential, truncated at a cut-off distance $r_{cut}=2^{\frac{1}{6}}\sigma$,

	\begin{equation}
	%
	V_{ij}(r)=\epsilon\left[ \left( \frac{\sigma}{r}\right) ^{12}-\left( \frac{\sigma}{r}\right) ^{6}\right], \label{Lennard-jones}
	%
	\end{equation}
	%
	where $\epsilon$ sets the energy scale and $\sigma$ the size of the particles. Thus, the potential depends only on the distance $r=\vert\vec{r}_i-\vec{r}_j\vert$ between the particles $i$ and $j$.

	Hereafter, $\sigma$ sets the unit of length. The energy is expressed in units of $k_BT$, time is defined in units of the Brownian time $\tau=\sigma^2\gamma (k_BT)^{-1}$ and the strength of the external field, $g$, is given in units of $k_BT/(m \sigma)$. Equation \ref{Eq:MotionEq} is integrated using a second-order stochastic Runge-Kutta numerical scheme, proposed by Bra\'nka and Heyes ~\cite{Branka1999}, with a time-step of $\Delta t=10^{-4}\tau$. Initially, the particles are distributed uniformly at random (without overlapping) in the simulation box. Unless stated otherwise, we set $\epsilon=1$ and $g=12$. The box size is $L_y=200$ and $L_x=37.5$ and the binary mixture consists of $N=3000$ particles, with $N/2$ of each species. The initial number density is $\rho_0 = 0.4$.

	%
	\section{Results~\label{sec::results}}
	%
	\begin{figure}
		%
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{fig1.pdf}
		%
		\caption{Density profiles as function of the height in the final deposit for fast (red lines) and slow (blue lines) particles averaged over $10^2$ samples for (a) $v=\frac{v_s}{v_f}=1$, (b) $v=0.5$ and (c) $v=0.1$, and $g=12$.}\label{fgr:densityprofiles}
		%
	\end{figure}
	%

	In the overdamped regime and neglecting thermal fluctuations, one expects that isolated particles move with a constant sedimentation velocity given by $v_{i}=\frac{mg}{\gamma_i}$. The rate of particle accumulation at the bottom depends on the flux density of each species at the growing front of the deposit, $\mathcal{J}_i=\rho_iv_i$, where $\rho_i$ is the particle number density of species $i$. Differences in the flux density of each species result in demixing along the vertical direction as particles accumulate at different rates on the bottom and thermal fluctuations are not strong enough to promote mixing. In what follows, we set the particle densities to be the same (equimolar mixture) and vary their velocities only. The demixing that occurs during sedimentation is, therefore, purely dynamical in nature. The relevant control parameter is the ratio between the sedimentation velocity of both species, $v=\frac{v_s}{v_f}=\frac{\gamma_f}{\gamma_s}$. To study the dependence on this parameter, in the results that follow, we fix $\gamma_f$ and vary $v$ by changing $\gamma_s$, i.e., changing $v_s$, with $v_f$ constant. The degree of demixing depends on $v$ as can be seen from the final deposit density profiles $\rho_f(y)$ and $\rho_s(y)$ in Fig.~\ref{fgr:densityprofiles}. When  $v=1$ the density profiles are identical as the particles are indistinguishable. When $v \neq 1$, the final deposit can be divided into two regions: one, at the bottom, where the density of the fast particles is higher than the density of the slow ones and another region, at the top of the deposit, composed essentially of slow particles. The difference between densities in the first region and the thickness of the second region increase as $v$ decreases (see Figs.~\ref{fgr:densityprofiles} $(b)$ and $(c)$).

	%
	\begin{figure}
		%
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{fig2.pdf}
		%
		\caption{Time evolution of the parameter $\Phi_n$ averaged over $10^2$ samples for $v=\frac{v_s}{v_f}=0.5$, $g=12$ and $\rho_0=0.4$. The snapshots are for four different values of $t$, namely, (a) $0$,(b) $70$,(c) $150$, (d) $275$.}\label{fgr:snapshotphi}
		%
	\end{figure}
	%

	In order to characterize the segregation along the vertical direction, we define a parameter
	\begin{equation}
	%
	\Phi  = \frac{1}{L_{y}'}\int\limits_0^{L_{y}'} \frac{\lvert \rho_{f}-\rho_{s} \rvert}{\rho_{f}+\rho_{s}} dy,
	\label{phi}
	%
	\end{equation}
	%
	where $L_y'$ corresponds to the height at which the last moving (slow) particle is located, given by $L_y'= L_y-v_st$.

	%
	\begin{figure}[ht]
		%
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{fig3.pdf}
		%
		\caption{Time dependence of the parameter $\Phi_n(t)$ as a function of the ratio of the particle velocities, $v$. The solid lines with open symbols are results of the BD simulations and the dashed lines are obtained from the mean-field model (Eq. \ref{Eq:mean-field}).}\label{fgr:phiv}
		%
	\end{figure}

	\subsection{Numerical results~\label{subsec::numericalresults}}

	In order to evaluate numerically the integral in Eq. (3), we divided the simulation domain into horizontal slices of height $\Delta y=1.5$ and width $L_x$. The integral is then converted into a sum,

	\begin{equation}
	%
	\Phi_n(t)= \frac{1}{N_b}\sum_{i}^{N_b} \frac{\lvert N_{f} - N_{s} \rvert}{N_f + N_s},
	\label{phin}
	\end{equation}
	%
	where $N_b$ is the number of slices and, $N_f$ and $N_s$ are the number of fast and slow particles in each slice, respectively. This parameter is one if the species are completely segregated and zero if they are perfectly mixed.

	The time evolution of $\Phi_n$ is shown in Fig. \ref{fgr:snapshotphi} (bottom plot). $\Phi_n$ grows initially until it reaches a maximum, $\Phi_{max}$, at a time defined as $t^*$. For $t>t^*$, this parameter decreases until it saturates asymptotically. Note that $\Phi_n$ is not zero at $t=0$. Since the particles are initially distributed uniformly at random, the average absolute difference $\lvert N_{f}-N_{s} \rvert$ for a given slice can be estimated from a binomial distribution. This difference follows a half-normal distribution with mean $\mu=\sqrt{\frac{2N_t}{\pi}}$, where $N_t=N_f+N_s$ is the total number of particles in the slice. Therefore, the value of $\Phi_n$ at the starting configuration is $\Phi_n(0)=\Phi_0=\sqrt{\frac{2}{\rho_0L_x \Delta y \pi}}$, where $\rho_0$ is the initial total density of particles and it vanishes only in the thermodynamic limit. The initial increase in $\Phi_n$ corresponds to the dynamical demixing regime where there is a rapid accumulation of the fast particles in the deposit with a fraction of the slow particles dragged along while the remaining slow particles lag behind. The peak is reached when all the fast particles deposit at $t=t^*$ (see Fig. \ref{fgr:snapshotphi}$(c)$). For $t>t^*$, $\Phi_n$ decreases until the remaining slow particles deposit, on a top layer consisting (almost) exclusively of slow particles, if the difference in the velocities is sufficiently large (see Fig. \ref{fgr:snapshotphi}$(d)$). We define this instant as the saturation time, $t_{final}$. Note that, the level of segregation of the particles remains almost the same from $t^*$ to $t_{final}$, as seen by comparing the snapshots $(c)$ and $(d)$. This parameter depends on the level of segregation and on $L'_y(t)$ that decreases with time. The region where only slow particles are present occupies a larger area at $t^*$ than at $t_{final}$ and the same number of particles contribute to the integral.

	To characterize the structure of the deposit we measured the six-fold bond order parameter, $\langle \phi_6 \rangle$, defined  as

	\begin{equation}
	%
	\langle \phi_6 \rangle = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{l}^{N} \frac{1}{6}\left| \sum_{j}^{N_b}e^{i6\theta_{lj}}\right| , \label{Eq:bond}
	%
	\end{equation}
	%
	where $N$ is the total number of particles, $N_b$ is the number of neighbors (within a cutoff of $2.5$) and $\theta_{lj}$ is the angle between the line that connects the particles $j$ and $l$ with the $x$-axis. This is a continuous order parameter that is one when particles are arranged in a perfect hexagonal structure and it decreases when the order decreases. At the low temperatures considered, the particles in the deposit form an almost perfect hexagonal structure with $\langle \phi_6 \rangle = 0.9$ and the level of segregation remains the same until the end of the simulation ($\Phi_n$ is constant). This does not correspond to the mixed configuration expected in thermodynamic equilibrium where the particles should form a completely mixed deposit, as they are indistinguishable from the thermodynamic point of view \cite{Nunes2018}. Obviously, the deposits observed at the end of the simulations are transient but their relaxation towards equilibrium occurs on much longer timescales than the observation time.

	The solid lines with open symbols in Fig. \ref{fgr:phiv} show the time dependence of $\Phi$ obtained numerically for different values of the velocity ratio $v$. As expected, $\Phi_{max}$ increases as the ratio $v$ departs from unity, showing that, as the difference between the sedimentation velocities increases, higher levels of segregation are attained in the deposit.

	Reducing $v$, decreases the sedimentation velocity of the slow particles (keeping the velocity of the fast particles constant). However, the effective velocity of the fast particles also decreases due to the interactions with the slow ones (acting as obstacles) and, as a consequence, the time when the peak in $\Phi$ is reached, $t^*$, also increases. The saturation time, $t_{final}$, is also affected by changing $v$ since the difference between $t^*$ and $t_{final}$ is the time taken, by the remaining slow particles to deposit and this depends only on their sedimentation velocities.

	\subsection{Mean-Field Approximation~\label{subsec::mean-field}}
	%
	\begin{figure*}[ht]
		%
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=15cm]{fig4.png}
		%
		\caption{To evaluate the integral in Eq. \ref{phi} the space is divided into three regions: region \textit{I} in the interval $[0,l^*(t)]$, region \textit{II} in the interval $ [l^*,L_y-v_ft] $ and \textit{III} in $[L_y-v_ft, L_y-v_st]$. In region \textit{I} the integrand is given by Eq. \ref{density}, in region \textit{II} the integrand is $\Phi_0$ and we consider that the number of fast and slow particles entering this region is approximately the same as the number of particles leaving the region, and in region \textit{III} the integrand is one, as there are only slow particles. }\label{fgr:snapshot_integral}
		%
	\end{figure*}

	We consider now a simple mean-field approximationl. We assume that the particles move with a constant sedimentation velocity $v_{i} = \frac{m g}{\gamma_i}$ that depends only on the particle species, and we neglect particle-particle interactions and thermal fluctuations. We define the thickness of the packed deposit as $l^*(t)$. The number of particles of a species in the region $y<l^*(t)$ at a given time is the number of particles initially located at $y<l^*(t)$ plus those of that species that entered into that region. The latter can be estimated by considering that the fraction of particles of species $i$ that entered into the region is  $\frac{v_i}{v_f+v_s}$. We assume an upper bound for the density of particles, given by the packing fraction of disks, i.e.,  $\rho_{max}=2 \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$. We can then estimate the density of particles by
	%
	\begin{equation}
	\rho_i(y<l^*,t)= \frac{\rho_0}{2} + (\rho_{max}-\rho_0)\frac{v_i}{v_f+v_s},
	\label{density}
	\end{equation}
	%
	where $(\rho_{max}-\rho_0)$ is an estimate of the increase in the local density.

	The integral in Eq. \ref{phi} for $t<t^*$ can be replaced by the sum of three terms, corresponding to the contribution of three different regions, as shown in Fig. \ref{fgr:snapshot_integral}. Region \textit{I} corresponds to the deposit, where the density of each species is given by Eq. \ref{density}. Region \textit{II}, where the two types of particles are perfectly mixed, is delimited by the surface of the deposit, $y \approx l^*(t)$ and  $y \approx L_y-v_ft$, the height of the last fast particle. Here, we assume that the number of particles of both species that leave region \textit{II} is approximately the same as the number that enters and, therefore, the integrand is the constant $\Phi_0$ that captures the initial uniform distribution of the particles and the discrete nature of the numerical integration. The region \textit{III} contains only one type of particles and is delimited by $y \approx L_y-v_st \equiv L'_y$, the position of the last slow particle. In this region, the argument of the integral is one as only slow particles are present. The integral for $t \leq t^*$ is then approximated by
	%
	\begin{equation}
	%
	\begin{split}
	\Phi(t \leq t^*) = \frac{1}{L_{y}'} &\left[ \int\limits_0^{l^*(t)}\frac{ \rho_{max}-\rho_0}{\rho_{max}}  \left( \frac{1-v}{1+v} \right) dy +\right.\\
	&\left. + \int\limits_{l^*(t)}^{L_{y}-v_ft} \Phi_0 dy  +  \int\limits_{L_y-v_ft}^{L_{y}'} dy \right].
	%
	\end{split}
	\label{integral1}
	%
	\end{equation}
	%
	For $t^*<t<t_{final}$ region \textit{II} has zero thickness and thus
	%
	\begin{equation}
	%
	\Phi(t > t^*) = \frac{1}{L_{y}'}\left[  \int\limits_0^{L^*}\frac{ \rho_{max}-\rho_0}{\rho_{max}} \left(  \frac{1-v}{1+v} \right)  dy + \int\limits_{L^*}^{L_{y}'} dy \right]

	\label{integral2}
	\end{equation}

	where $L^*=l^*(t^*)$ is the length of the structure at $t=t^*$.

	We estimate $l^*(t)$ in the following way. The number of deposited particles is given by the flux of particles through the line defined by $y=l^*(t)$ plus the number of particles that is initially present in the region below this height. We consider that particles travel with constant velocity, $v_i$, for $y>l^*(t)$ and that the flux through that line for each species can be written as $j_i(t)=\frac{\rho_0}{2}v_iL_xt$. The number of particles in the deposit, $N_s$, is
	%
	\begin{equation}
	N_s=\rho_{max} L_x l^*(t) = L_x l^*(t)  \rho_0+ \left(\frac{\rho_0}{2} v_f+\frac{\rho_0}{2} v_s \right) t L_x.
	\label{fast}
	\end{equation}
	%
	We can now rearrange the terms and the expression for $l^*$, obtaining
	%
	\begin{equation}
	l^*(t) = \frac{\frac{\rho_0}{2}(1+ v)}{\rho_{max}-\rho_0}v_ft.
	\label{l}
	\end{equation}
	For $t>t^*$,  all the fast particles are deposited and
	%
	\begin{equation}
	L^* = \frac{ \rho_0L_y (1+v)}{2\Big(\rho_{max}-\rho_0+ \frac{\rho_0}{2}(1+v)\Big)}.
	\label{L}
	\end{equation}
	%
	Since $L^*=l^*(t^*)$,
	%
	\begin{equation}
	t^* = \frac{(\rho_{max}-\rho_0)L_y}{v_f\Big[\frac{1}{2} \rho_0(1+v)+(\rho_{max}-\rho_0)   \Big]}.
	\label{t}
	\end{equation}
	%
	The height of the final deposit is $l^*(t_{final})=\frac{N}{\rho_{max}L_x}$, where $t_{final}$ is the time when the last slow particle deposits which can be estimated as $t_{final}=(L_y-\frac{N}{\rho_{max}L_x})/v_s $. At later times the parameter $\Phi$ remains constant as no more particles are added to the deposit.

	Thus, the parameter $\Phi$ is
	%
	\small
	\begin{equation}
	\Phi(t)=
	\begin{cases}
	\frac{1}{L_y-v_st} \Big[ \Big( \frac{\rho_0(1-v)v_f}{2\rho_{max}}-\Phi_0v_f -\frac{\rho_0(1+v)\Phi_0v_f}{2(\rho_{max}- \rho_0)} +
	\\ \hspace{2.75cm}  + v_f - v_s \Big) t  + \Phi_0 L_y   \Big], \hspace{.4cm} t \leq t^* \\
	\\

	1-\frac{L^*}{L_y-v_st}\Big[\frac{ (\rho_{max}-\rho_0)(1-v)}{\rho_{max}(1+v)}+1\Big], \hspace{0.3cm} t^* \leq t \leq t_{final}  \\
	\\
	1-\frac{L^*}{L_y-v_st_{final}}\Big[\frac{ (\rho_{max}-\rho_0)(1-v)}{\rho_{max}(1+v)}+1\Big], \hspace{0.3cm} t \geq t_{final} .
	\end{cases}
	%
	\label{Eq:mean-field}
	\end{equation}
	\normalsize
	%

	The dashed lines in Fig.~\ref{fgr:phiv} show the time dependence of $\Phi$ obtained from Eq.~\ref{Eq:mean-field} for different values of the ratio $v$. The comparison with the numerical results reveals that the mean-field calculation reproduces the main features of the simulations. The highest levels of segregation are achieved for the lowest $v$, when the difference between the velocities is largest. In this limit, the slow particles travel much slower than the fast ones and are, on average, the last to deposit forming a thick layer on top of the first deposit consisting of slow particles only. For $v=1$, the particles are indistinguishable and the maximum value of $\Phi$ is the (finite-size) initial value.

	%
	\begin{figure}
		%
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{fig5.pdf}
		%
		\caption{Ratio between the lowest and highest (non-zero) eigenvalues of the inertia tensor of the clusters of particles in the final deposit.}\label{fgr:inertiamoment}
		%
	\end{figure}
	%

	So far, we discussed segregation along the $y$-direction of the deposit. However, from the snapshot in Fig.~\ref{fgr:snapshotphi}$(d)$ it appears that at the bottom of the deposit there are linear-like clusters of particles that form structures along the $x$-direction. To further investigate this question, we identified all the clusters of particles in the final deposit below the top layer of slow particles and calculated their inertia tensor. We defined the parameter $r_I = \frac{1}{N_c}\sum r_c$, where $r_c$ is the ratio between the smallest and the highest (non-zero) eigenvalues of the inertia tensor of the cluster $c$ and the sum is over all clusters of the same species with $N_c$ the number of such clusters. This parameter is one when all the clusters are symmetric and falls below one if the clusters extend along a preferential direction. In the limit of low $v$, the number of fast particles is much larger than the number of slow ones in the region under consideration and they form a single large cluster. Accordingly, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fgr:inertiamoment}, $r_I$ increases for fast particles as $v$ decreases. The opposite occurs for the slow particles where $r_I$ decreases, showing that, as the ratio of velocities decreases, the clusters of slow particles tend to extend along a preferential direction at the bottom of the deposit. This is a consequence of the laning phenomenon observed in binary mixtures of species moving at different velocities~\cite{Rex2007}.

	\section{Conclusions~\label{sec::conclusions}}
	%
	We investigated the dynamics of sedimentation of a simple binary mixture, and observed purely dynamical demixing. The two species differ in their Stokes coefficients only, i.e., they have different sedimentation velocities. Since the species travel at different velocities, they demix dynamically as they move towards the bottom of the container in a gravitational field. We measured the degree of demixing using Brownian dynamics simulations for different ratios of the velocities and proposed a simple mean-field description of the segregation observed in the the deposits, in the low density limit. We found that particle-particle correlations are not relevant to determine the level of demixing but they greatly affect the dynamics and the timescales of formation of the final structures. Our mean-field description captures the early-time dynamics of the system.

	We focused on equimolar binary mixtures but the same demixing mechanism will occur for mixtures with any other composition. In fact, the composition of the deposit is determined by the ratio of the fluxes of sedimenting of the two species and, as a result, the initial composition of the mixture will affect the composition of the final deposit. The mechanism described here could also be used to obtain fully mixed deposits, since by tuning $v$ an equimolar deposit may be formed from mixtures poor in one of the two components.

	As a final note, we focused on colloidal suspensions but our conclusions can be extended to systems with larger particles, as we considered the limit of high P\'{e}clet number, where the dominant mechanism of mass transport is advection and thermal fluctuations are negligible. Finally, since in this limit the relevant mechanisms depend only on the ratio of sedimentation velocities, we expect the same behavior for particles with the same shape but different buoyant masses. The nature of the field is also irrelevant, and thus similar results are to be expected for other (constant) external fields (e.g., electromagnetic field).

	\section{Acknowledgements}

	We acknowledge financial support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology
	(FCT) under the contracts no. EXCL/FIS-NAN/0083/2012, UID/FIS/00618/2013 and SFRH/BD/119240/2016.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Celebrate #FreeBrady with Discounted Ridesharing Boston!
In case you not a fan of the National Football League (or guys who are just way too handsome, and put the rest of us men to shame), you should know that the quarterback of the New England Patriots, of Deflategate shame, had his 4-game suspension lifted by the U.S. District Court today.
However, even if you are a New York Jets fan (or just generally hate the Patriots), this can be cause for celebration for you! This is because there are multiple Boston-area opportunities for you to save money on ridesharing!
First, Uber Boston is running a promotion which will save you 12% off uberPOOL fares in the city. Of course, the promotion is valid until 12:12am (as in just after midnight tonight), and the promo code you need to enter is GAMEON12. In case you hadn't figured it out yet, Tom Brady's jersey number is #12. Speaking of Tom Brady's jersey, the New England Patriots just started offering fans a chance to win an autographed Tom Brady jersey today. Nice timing!
Next, Bridj, a less well-known ridesharing company that is currently only in Boston and Washington DC, is offering a free ride home for riders tonight! Just enter the promo code freebrady for your free ride. For those of you that are not familiar with Bridj, it almost a bus-like version of uberPOOL, connecting commuters traveling to/from high density areas. Kudos to Bridj for letting us know that their wheels are all fully inflated!
So whether or not you are a fan of Tom Brady, there is certainly plenty of reason to celebrate his newfound freedom when taking Uber or Bridj tonight!
Get Free Six Flags Theme Park Admissions for 2015!
I actually love the Pats – because if it wasn't for them and Brady, my NY Giants wouldn't have been able to experience their two greatest super bowl wins!!


text:
The Catholic Historical Review
American Catholic Hospitals: A Century of Changing Markets and Missions by Barbra Mann Wall (review)
Margaret M. McGuinness
The Catholic University of America Press
Volume 100, Number 3, Summer 2014
10.1353/cat.2014.0178
American Catholic Hospitals: A Century of Changing Markets and Missions by Barbra Mann Wall
American Catholic Hospitals: A Century of Changing Markets and Missions. By Barbra Mann Wall. [Critical Issues in Health and Medicine.] New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 2011. Pp. xviii, 283. $45.95. ISBN 970-0-8135-4940-8.
American Catholic Hospitals examines the developments in U.S. Catholic health care during the past 100 years. Barbra Mann Wall contends that as leaders of Catholic hospitals reacted to
increased societal secularization over the course of the twentieth century they extended their religious values in the areas of universal health care, abortion, and reproductive services, which led to tensions among the values of the Church, the government, and society.
(p. 2)
To document the changing face of Catholic health care, Wall focuses on four primary examples: the Sisters of Providence in the state of Washington; the Alex-ian Brothers' hospital in Chicago; the health care system in Austin, Texas, founded and administered by the Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul; and Chicago's first chartered hospital—Mercy Hospital, founded by the Sisters of Mercy.
Catholic hospitals were forced to respond to changes taking place in both society and the Church if they hoped to survive. Declining numbers of men and women religious, shifting demographics, the passage of Medicare and Medicaid, and the responses of religious congregations to the decrees of the Second Vatican Council had a tremendous impact on these institutions. These four factors meant that the Alexian Brothers, for instance, divested themselves of some hospitals, whereas the Daughters of Charity formed the Seton Healthcare Network, which by the late 1990s was the third largest private employer in Austin and its environs. Chicago's Mercy Hospital, which was founded in 1851, remained on the city's Near South Side, but found it necessary to attract more paying patients so as to maintain financial solvency and remain faithful to its mission. The Sisters of Providence, who administered and staffed an extensive system of health-care institutions on the West Coast, transferred control of some hospitals to other groups or agencies so that they could devote themselves to unmet community needs. [End Page 642]
In addition to examining the ways in which Catholic hospitals confronted issues related to declining numbers of women and men religious and changes in federal health care policy, Wall devotes chapters to gender, race, the relationship between Catholic hospitals and the federal government, and situations in which hospital workers either threatened to strike or actually walked off the job over issues related to salary and working conditions.
The final chapters of the book focus on challenges faced by these institutions in the twenty-first century. The merger of Catholic and non-Catholic hospitals, for example, must be "understood in the broader context of national health care issues"(p. 156). Concerns related to reproductive services complicated these mergers, and the institutions' missions to serve those oppressed by society and "preserve the rights of the unborn, … often clashed head-on with practices of secular hospitals not constrained by the same moral guidelines" (p. 175). The full effect of the Affordable Care Act on religious health care institutions remains to be seen.
American Catholic Hospitals is meticulously researched and well written. Although it is certainly appropriate for both undergraduate and graduate students, general readers also will find it to be an excellent overview of the history of the changes that Catholic health-care institutions have undergone in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Copyright © 2014 The Catholic University of America Press


text:
63° Mostly Cloudy Severe Weather Alert
Generation Z's passion for gun reform has culminated in the growing March for Our Lives movement. (Source: 3TV/CBS 5)
The movement is not defined by a political party and has the potential to take on more platforms. (Source: 3TV/CBS 5)
Though some cannot cast a ballot, Generation Z may increase voter rates
By Carissa Planalp
Carissa Planalp
Arizonans have one week left to register to vote if they want to participate in the August primary, and that's mobilizing a group of youth including members that aren't even old enough to cast a ballot.
Generation Z votes on passion not party, and members are actively encouraging their peers to get to the polls.
"They might say, 'Hey I'm only 17 but you're 18, you have to go to the polls,'" says Dr. Corey Seemiller, ASU alum and author of Generation Z: A Century in the Making. "Their fervent desire to get their peers to the polls may increase voter rates."
[SPECIAL SECTION: Arizona politics]
Seemiller says voter turnout among young adults overall tends to be low, but Generation Z has its own unique reasons for casting ballots. Seemiller says members are motivated by passion rather than party.
"They want to know that they're safe and taken care of," says Seemiller.
[SPECIAL SECTION: Arizona schools in crisis]
She says political candidates must engage Generation Z on issues that matter to them like the cost of higher education, entering the job market and buying their first homes.
Generation Z's passion for gun reform has culminated in the growing March for Our Lives movement.
[RELATED: Arizona students call for gun control on Pulse anniversary]
"This generation, I think, is going to be the one that says no to party, polarity and actually gets things done," says Jacob Martinez of March for Our Lives.
The Dobson High School senior isn't old enough to register to vote, but some of his friends are.
[RELATED: Arizona students call on Gov. Ducey to change gun policies after Texas shooting]
"They're saying enough is enough," says Martinez.
The movement is not defined by a political party and has the potential to take on more platforms.
"It's not black and white what we can support," says Martinez.
Seemiller says members of Generation Z are approximately ages 8 to 23. Various recent polls show voter turnout for ages 18 to 29 to be anywhere between 28 percent, up to 48 percent.
Click/tap here to download the free azfamily mobile app.
VIDEO: Groups to get young voters to the polls
Carissa Planalp is an award-winning reporter for Arizona's Family. Read more about Carissa.
Follow Carissa Planalp
If you purchased Infants' Tylenol, you may be eligible for part of a $6.3 million settlement