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Omar Enrique Vizquel Gonzalez
Born: 4 / 24 / 1967 at Caracas, Distrito Federal (Venezuela)
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This article was written by Augusto Cárdenas
Venezuela has been a cradle of shortstops since 1950, when Alfonso "Chico" Carrasquel made his debut in the majors with the Chicago White Sox.
In his steps followed Luis Aparicio, the only Venezuelan in the Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, Dave Concepción, Ozzie Guillén, and then another shortstop who played more games at that position than at any other in the majors: Omar Enrique (González) Vizquel.
Vizquel was born in Caracas on April 24, 1967, to Omar Santos Vizquel and Eucaris González, the eldest of three children. He has a younger brother, Carlos Alberto (born 1970), and Gabriela (1980).
"My dad was an electrician in Caracas. My mother was a woman of the household, enterprising, with a very strong character," Vizquel remembered. "We are a very close family, very quiet."1
"I grew up in a neighborhood called Bloques de Santa Eduvigis. That is the height of Palos Grandes, in Caracas. There I attended the Santa Gema School for two years, and then we moved to a neighborhood called El Cafetal, where I attended the Josefa Irausquín López School. There I spent most of my school until I graduated and went to Antonio López Méndez School," he recalled. "I ended up graduating in Francisco Espejo College, in El Cafetal. That was the year I received an offer to sign a professional baseball contract. … so I did not attend my graduation party but traveled directly to the United States, after I finished the school year, in 1984."
His love for baseball was instilled by his father, who passed away in 2016.
"My dad played on an amateur team and took me to the games on weekends. That began to motivate me, and I grew to love the game. I was given a Venezuelan brand Tamanaco baseball glove, blue, that was one of my favorites, and with that I started playing baseball to follow the footsteps of my father."
He played baseball in his spare time. "All my friends always invited me to play and I was very happy at Santa Eduvigis blocks with all those friends playing with balls that we (made) with adhesive tape and guava sticks that we used as a bat."
When he was 8, Omar's father took him to the Lyceum Gustavo Herrera to join a children's team, Gran Mariscal, of the Leoncio Martinez League, an affiliate of the Criollitos of Venezuela Corporation, a youth movement similar to the Little League organization.
"The coach put me to play shortstop and I was on that team until I was 16 years old."
With Gran Mariscal, Vizquel developed his skills and managed to represent Miranda state in several national and international tournaments, along with another future big-leaguer, Carlos Hernández, who caught for the Los Angeles Dodgers.
In 1977, in a Little League Baseball World Series, contested by 12 countries at Universitario Stadium in Caracas, Vizquel's glove work began winning him fans and was instrumental in Venezuela's winning the title. He was only 10 years old.
"At that age you do not feel that you are famous or anything. You are simply playing sports, and not looking to see if you are in newspapers or anything like that," he said. "But the organizers noticed, and when you went to a national or other World Series, your name would stand out. Two years after that World Series, I went to a national tournament, where I won the award for the best infielder. Every two years I was going to a National and I represented Miranda state a couple of times, and I won the best infielder award, and I was invited to numerous competitions."
These tournaments were played in one of the stadiums of the Venezuelan professional baseball league before winter league games, so Vizquel had the opportunity to meet some of his predecessors, Chico Carrasquel, Aparicio, and Concepción, his main idol and the starting shortstop for the Cincinnati Reds, who also played in Venezuela with Tigres de Aragua.
"We did not go often to the stadium to watch the winter ballgames, just when Dave Concepción was going to play with Tigres de Aragua. My dad, who was a big fan of Dave Concepción, took me to see him play and we sat in the third-base stands to see him play ball," he recalled. "I really liked his style and I followed in his career when he was with the Cincinnati Reds. That's why I wore the famous number 13 in my career, in honor of Dave Concepción."
The shortstop of the Big Red Machine was a big influence and motivation to Vizquel when he decided to pursue the dream of becoming a professional baseball player.
"When I was 14, I knew I had skills to play the sport, and this was actually when I started to get serious with baseball. Back then I worshipped Dave Concepción. I followed his games, was more aware of the details of how he made a double play, how he fielded a grounder, to get the right position when fielding, all these little things that could help me to develop my own game. I also went to a clinic that Alfonso Carrasquel gave and I began attending activities that had to do with baseball to learn a little bit more about it."
One of his teammates on the Gran Mariscal team was Luis Morales, son of Pablo Morales Chirinos, one of the owners of Leones del Caracas, the Venezuelan Winter League team to which he was invited to attend practices at age 16.
"When I went to train with Leones del Caracas, I met Marty Martínez that afternoon, a scout for the Seattle Mariners. In two days I had signed a contract. I was very lucky, because there were players who were training three to four months and had not been offered a contract. But with me it was different. I had just two days' training and Marty had offered me a contract to go play with the Mariners. I was very lucky."
Vizquel signed as a free agent with a non-guaranteed bonus of $4,500, in 1984. He received $2,500 up-front with the rest to come in installments of $500 at each step up the ladder.
He immediately went to America and played Rookie League ball with the Butte Copper Kings; he hit for a .311 average in 15 games.
"The minor-league process was normal. Every year I had the opportunity to move to a different league. I started in rookie league, because I was 16, and then I was promoted to Class-A short-season ball (1985 Bellingham Mariners), then to Class A (1986, Wausau Timbers), and then switched to Class A Advanced (1987, Salinas Spurs). At each level, I was able to develop further."
His participation in winter ball with Leones del Caracas also helped him mature as a player and to better develop his skills.
"When I was in Class A I was added to the roster of Leones del Caracas, playing as a 19-year-old with players from Double A and Triple A. When I got to Double A, I got the chance to play as a starting shortstop in Venezuela and I think that made me a much faster player, because I was already playing with major-league players. I remember that Andrés Galarraga was the first baseman, Baudilio "Bo" Díaz was catching, Antonio "Tony" Armas was one of the outfielders, along with Lloyd McClendon and Donell Nixon; Jesús Alfaro was at third base and Edgar Cáceres at second. I was the youngest guy and I had the nickname 'Chamo Menudo,' because the youth music group Menudo was the band of the moment."
That experience helped Vizquel on his journey through Double-A (Vermont Mariners) and Triple-A (Calgary Cannons), in 1988, when he became a switch-hitter on the recommendation of Mariners hitting instructor Bobby Tolan.
"In 1988 they took me to the Instructional League to learn to bat left-handed, because they saw that my right-side numbers were a little weak. They thought that batting lefty I could exploit a little more speed and batting skills; it was a change that benefited me a lot and maybe was the key to success for me in the big leagues."
During 1989 spring training the Mariners had Rey Quiñones as first-string shortstop, but he reported late because of a contract dispute, which began to open the doors of the majors to the young Venezuelan shortstop.
"Supposedly that year I had to go to Triple-A, but with Quiñones out, Mario Díaz had to play," Vizquel recalled. "He was the shortstop in Triple-A and had good numbers, but was injured during spring training and there was nobody else to play shortstop so they threw me into the ring to see what I could do and I surprised the manager, Jim Lefebvre."
Díaz injured his right elbow and Vizquel had the opportunity to display his defensive talents, and he impressed Lefebvre, despite his weaknesses as a batter.
"He liked the way I played, how I defended, and he knew I was learning to bat from the left side that year, but I knew it was going to get difficult to stay in the big leagues, but they made the decision, traded Rey Quiñones to the Pirates, and left Mario Díaz as the utility player, because he continued to suffer arm problems. That left me as the shortstop."
At just 21 years old, a few days shy of 22, Vizquel received the news on the last day of spring training.
"I had to ask one of the coaches, 'What do I do with my bags? Am I going to Triple-A? Am I going to be in the big leagues? I need to know, because people are packing,'" he recalled. "I was not told I was going to be the team's shortstop until the last day of spring training. After the final out, they gave me the news. It was a total surprise because the last thing I thought was that I was staying in the majors that year."
Vizquel's debut came on Opening Day, April 3, 1989, at the Oakland Coliseum, facing the reigning American League champions, the Oakland Athletics. Vizquel was not the only rookie debuting in Lefebvre's lineup. So was Ken Griffey Jr., from the start a media sensation.
Vizquel did not make the best of impressions in his debut, with a fielding error on Carney Lansford's roller in the third inning, followed by a Mark McGwire home run, which made all the difference in the A's 3-2 win over the Mariners.
"I felt bad for the error, but I never felt that I was going to be affected by it in the future. They had already given me the confidence to go out and play my game. The manager told me, 'We know you're not ready for this kind of work, but we like the way you play and you will be our regular shortstop.'"
Vizquel's first campaign was not his most productive. He finished with a .220 batting average, the lowest of his career, but he learned how to handle the pressure of playing as a shortstop in major-league baseball.
"I had many things against me. First, I was learning to bat from the left side; it was not going to be easy to learn to bat left-handed against big-league pitchers. The Mariners knew that I wasn't really ready to play in the majors, but I got the job and they gave me the opportunity. By asking questions, and working all day every day with the guys who were there, like Alvin Davis, Harold Reynolds, who were regulars in the organization, learning the little things they were always telling me — how to bat from the left side, it all helped me gradually to become a better player."
Vizquel began the 1990 season on the disabled list after suffering a sprained MCL in the left knee; he played in only 81 games, batting .247 and making seven errors. He played 142 games in 1992; his batting average slipped to .230. Nevertheless, Seattle remained confident in his abilities.
"Obviously the bat was not the reason that I was in the majors. That's for sure. It was the way I played and my glove," he said. "The glove was my best asset, and I could steal some bases, could play the ball, could do hit-and-run. Those are the things that you try to instill in young boys today who expect to reach the majors just hitting all the time. There are other things you have in your repertoire that you can develop, and you can stay in the majors doing small things. That was my case."
By 1992 Vizquel was considered one of the best defensive shortstops in the American League. That season he made only seven errors for a .989 fielding percentage, the best in the majors. For the first time he was a candidate for the Gold Glove Award, though Cal Ripken Jr. got the nod.
"I was very pleased with the work I had done, so was the organization, and that was all that interested me," said Vizquel, who hit a strong .294 that season. "I was improving my game in both batting and fielding."
His reward came the following year, when he turned 108 double plays, tied for the league lead. His fielding percentage of .980 and the growing appreciation of his talent combined to win him his first Gold Glove. One standout moment occurred on April 22, when he preserved Chris Bosio's no-hitter against the Red Sox by making a barehanded grab of an Ernest Riles chopper and firing to first for the last out of the game.
Vizquel felt settled in Seattle, where he took up residence and married his first wife, Nicole Tonkin, but his plans changed when he was surprised with the news that he had been sent to the Cleveland Indians on December 20, 1993, in a trade for Félix Fermín, Reggie Jefferson, and cash. The Mariners were making room for a talented youngster named Alex Rodríguez.
"When I got the news that they traded me to Cleveland I felt pretty bad. I was down. I wanted to be on a team for 20 years. I did not want to move anywhere else," he said. "I felt good with the Mariners. I had married that year, had bought my house. It was like they gave me a slap in the face, and I had to move to another organization where I knew no one.
"The first time you are traded you think about a lot of things. The first is that the team does not like you, that they trade you because they don't like what you're doing. But I took it otherwise. I took it the positive side. When I got to spring training and met the players and the kind of talent that the team had, I felt much better and I clicked very well on that team. With all the Latin players there, I had a very good time that year with the Cleveland Indians."
Vizquel joined a group of Latinos who helped the Indians change their image from that of a perennial loser, which was satirized in the 1989 movie Major League. The Indians had put together a very competitive club in 1994 with Manny Ramírez, Carlos Baerga, Sandy Alomar Jr., Tony Peña, Dennis Martínez, José Mesa, Julián Tavárez, Álvaro Espinoza, Rubén Amaro Jr., and Candy Maldonado.
That group, together with Kenny Lofton, Albert Belle, Jim Thome, Eddie Murray, Charles Nagy, and Jack Morris, helped the Indians to a 66-47 mark, just a game behind the Chicago White Sox for the American League Central lead when the season was suspended because of the players' strike.
"You could tell that team was coming together well," Vizquel said. "We had good chemistry and everyone was filled with confidence. The team chemistry was growing and we thought we had a chance to be champions that year; however the strike prevented us finishing the season."
Vizquel, who on April 7 that year got the first stolen base in the history of Jacobs Field, the Indians' new home ballpark, won the second of nine consecutive Gold Gloves in the American League.
There was no strike to stop the 1995 Indians, who were reinforced by veterans like Orel Hershiser and Dave Winfield, and reached their first World Series since 1954.
"In 1995 we felt like we were indestructible," Vizquel said. "We felt that no one could beat us. We had offense, pitching, we ran bases. We had a great team. I was very happy that we finally got to where any player wants to go: the World Series."
The Tribe swept the Red Sox in three games in the Division Series and dispatched the Seattle Mariners in six games in the American League Championship Series, after having 100 victories in a regular season limited to 144 games by the delayed start of the season.
"With this record we looked unbeatable. I never thought we were going to lose, even with the pitching of the Atlanta Braves, but certainly we lacked experience," he said. "I think that was the only thing we lacked; the Braves had a team with more postseason experience."
The Braves, with Bobby Cox as manager, had reached the fall classic in 1991 and 1992, but in 1995 their pitching looked even better with Greg Maddux, Tom Glavine, and John Smoltz, all future Hall of Famers.
"We were like wild horses. What we did was just play ball, score runs, stole bases, and they played a different style of baseball, pitching around," said Vizquel, who in his first postseason hit just .138. "They could score two runs and win a game with their relievers. That was what happened. We couldn't hit. Their pitching was dominant. With these three future Hall of Famers (Maddux, Glavine, and Smoltz) it was difficult for us to see the light and we lost that World Series."
In 1997 Vizquel returned to the fall classic with the Indians after playing a key role in eliminating the defending champion New York Yankees in five games in the ALDS.
With the Yankees ahead in the series, two games to one, Vizquel forced a fifth and deciding game at Jacobs Field, hitting a single that drove in Marquis Grissom from second base in a 3-2 walk-off victory. The Tribe won the next day, 4-3. Vizquel ended the series with a .500 (9-for-18) batting average and four stolen bases.
In the ALCS the Indians had their revenge on the Baltimore Orioles, who had eliminated them in 1996, and beat them in six games to advance to the World Series against the Florida Marlins.
"We thought we had more experience than the Marlins. It was a fairly new team, which came almost all from different teams, and we thought we could win."
Vizquel was never closer to winning a World Series ring than that year and again was a key to forcing a decisive contest, Game Six of the Series.
The Marlins led the Series three games to two. In Game Six at Miami's Pro Player Stadium, Cleveland had a 4-1 lead after five innings, due in large part to Vizquel's glove. In the sixth inning, with men on second and third and two outs, the Marlins' Charles Johnson hit a grounder in the hole and Vizquel made a spectacular diving catch to throw him out at first and prevent two runs from scoring.
"Everyone in Cleveland will remember that play, because of the magnitude of the moment. World Series plays are special moments," he said. "It was the biggest play of my career. Logically the moment marked that play. When I talk about the Seattle Mariners, people always remember the play in Chris Bosio's no-hitter. If I had to pick one play, it would be the World Series one, but if you talk about Omar Vizquel the infielder, people always remember the barehanded plays because I made it very often and it's like a brand, the dude grasping a ball without a glove. I'm also recognized by that."
In the deciding Game Seven, with Cleveland two outs away from winning the ultimate prize, the Marlins tied the game in the ninth inning and then won it, 3-2, in 11 innings on Edgar Renteria's walk-off hit.
"We went to Game Seven and couldn't achieve the ultimate victory. It was a game that went to extra innings and in extra innings anything can happen," Vizquel said. "I think that the beauty of this Series was going to Game Seven. It's like a dream that everybody has: Play the seventh game of the World Series. There is no further, everyone is watching the game, and everything is magnified three times. The challenge to be there playing and trying to do your best for your team was one of the things that has filled me as a player. Knowing that I could handle that moment, because not everyone can handle that kind of pressure, made me feel very good about myself."
In 2001, Vizquel won his ninth Gold Glove, matching the American League record held by Hall of Famer Luis Aparicio. He also played in his last postseason. The golden years of the Tribe were over. Only Vizquel and Jim Thome remained from the winning core that had been formed in the mid-'90s. Thome left as a free agent after the 2002 season, in which Vizquel set career highs in home runs (14) and RBIs (72), and took part in his third and final All-Star Game, being the sole representative of the Tribe.
The Indians were rebuilding in 2003 and Vizquel, with an injured right knee, played in just 64 games. In 2004, at the age of 37, he returned with a solid .291 average, but the Indians had other plans for 2005 and gave the position to rookie Jhonny Peralta.
"Everybody had already left the team. I was the last that remained of that generation that made the playoffs, the World Series," Vizquel noted. "That's why the people of Cleveland showed me so much affection. But this is a business. I was fortunate that I lasted 11 years in the organization. They treated me great, and I will always take pride in those years."
On November 16, 2004, Vizquel signed a three-year, $12.25 million deal with the San Francisco Giants, moving his magic glove and experience to the National League.
"I knew I still had a lot of baseball ahead. (The Indians) believed that I was going downhill. The knee operation affected me and I think that influenced their decision to let me go. When San Francisco signed me, thank God I made it to a number-one organization, one where I felt good, was offered all possible respect, and could even trust myself. That helped me win two more Gold Gloves at the age of 38 and 39 years."
In 2005 Vizquel had a brilliant debut in the Bay Area, winning his 10th Gold Glove to surpass Luis Aparicio's record for the most Gold Gloves won by a Venezuelan. The following year he repeated the honor and became the oldest shortstop to obtain the distinction.
On May 13, 2007, Vizquel broke the record for most career double plays turned by a shortstop after reaching 1,591, surpassing the 1,590 of Ozzie Smith. His years as a regular shortstop ended the following season, but not until after he established a major-league record for most games for a shortstop with 2,584, surpassing another mark held by Luis Aparicio. When he retired, Vizquel's career total at shortstop was 2,709.
He maintained his physical condition at the highest level, despite his 41 years, but clubs were not very interested in giving him a starting spot. He was seen as a utility player and mentor of young figures, like fellow Venezuelan Elvis Andrus when Vizquel went to the Texas Rangers in 2009.
"I think he was very helpful for me," Andrus said of Vizquel. "And I imagine, putting myself in his shoes, it's hard to play your whole career as a starter and have to change to the role he had here, as a substitute, or as my mentor, actually. He helped me a lot and I feel super blessed. Having him in my first year in the big leagues was like having a bible of how to do things, how to play baseball, how to prepare to play. Mentally I think Omar is one of the best shortstops in the whole story and I think that he helped me very much since day one. He always gave me advice and helped me, especially during the bad times I had that year to keep focused on the positive things and never let the negative consume me. These were tips that I continue to use to this day."2
Vizquel added, "It was strange to play after turning 40 and hear the comments of people saying I couldn't keep playing baseball. They were wondering if I could be a shortstop, because a 40-year-old shortstop is not the same as a 24-year-old kid in an organization. That boy is going to be as versatile as you, but they never took into account the experience, or anything like that," he said. "It was a stage, in which the mind began to change, to see the game different, with another vision, and I had to make changes, adjustments in every sense of the word, and thank God they were noticing some of the records I was setting and they offered me the opportunity to reach these personal records."3
In his one year with Texas he played only 62 games and made no errors, having his only perfect defensive year. On June 25, in Arizona, he surpassed Aparicio as the Venezuelan with the most major-league base hits, with 2,678.
In 2010 Aparicio graciously allowed Vizquel to wear his retired No. 11 jersey with the Chicago White Sox, after the newly acquired utilityman failed to secure his usual number 13 — that was worn by his new manager Ozzie Guillen, who was also a Dave Concepcion fan.
"That was a truly enjoyable time, because at the time I signed with the White Sox, I was giving a baseball clinic with Luis Aparicio in Venezuela, and the question came up whether I could wear #11 in tribute to him," Vizquel said. "It was a nice gesture from him to call the owners of the White Sox and let me wear the number not only in his name but on behalf of Venezuela as well."4
In 2012 he signed a minor-league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays and managed to make the team in spring training. This time he wore number 17, in honor of Chico Carrasquel, because Brett Lawrie had number 13. He participated in 60 games, his last game at shortstop coming on October 3 in Toronto. In his final game, he went 1-for-3 against the Minnesota Twins, getting his 2,877th hit and passing Mel Ott on the career hits list. (Two weeks earlier, on September 19, he had collected hit number 2,874, passing Babe Ruth.) He finished his career as the only player with 24 straight seasons at shortstop and, at age 45, the oldest player to play that position.
Just other five major-league shortstops have more career hits than Vizquel: Derek Jeter, Honus Wagner, Cal Ripken Jr., Robin Yount, and Alex Rodríguez, all with over 3,000.
"I think the hits record makes me proud the most. People believe that is the Gold Gloves one, a record hard to achieve as well. Winning 11 Gold Gloves is not easy at the highest level of baseball, but to connect for 2,800 hits, nearly 3,000, is something especially since I had never been considered a hitter."
Vizquel finished with a career line of .272/.336/.352, with 456 doubles, 77 triples, 80 home runs, 1,445 runs, 951 RBIs, and 404 steals, and he is one of just 11 players to accomplish 2.800 hits and 400 stolen bases. But his trademark was his fielding excellence.
The Venezuelan finished his career with a .9847 fielding percentage, the best in MLB history, just above Troy Tulowitzki (.9846) as of 2018. He the leader in games (2,709) and double plays (1,734) as a shortstop, and ranks third in assists (7,676). His 11 Gold Gloves ranked him second as a shortstop, just behind the 13 that the first-ballot Hall of Famer Ozzie Smith won, another glove wizard with whom he was often compared.
After 24 seasons playing in the majors, Vizquel decided to start a coaching career after spending his last four years mostly on the bench, as a utility player, passing his knowledge to young players while accumulating personal records when he got the chance to go to the field.
"I felt very happy that in each of those organizations in which I played I could break records that meant something beautiful for me on a personal level," he said. "I did not play because I wanted to break those records, I just felt really good about myself and my knees were responding fully. I was a gym freak and able to maintain my body in good shape. Even after I retired with the Blue Jays, when I was in Anaheim, I had some regret that I'd retired because I felt I could continue playing, but I was ready to be a coach."
On January 30, 2013, Vizquel was hired as a roving infield coach by the Los Angeles Angels. The next year he returned to the majors with the Detroit Tigers, who made him their first-base coach and infield and baserunning instructor. That association ended after the 2017 season.
"That's something I had to do because I want to be a manager and that was one way of preparation, hearing all the comments from the coaches. Right now I love my job. The fact that I can help a boy to develop his game pleased me very much."
Vizquel, who was a candidate to manage the Tigers in 2018 (Ron Gardenhire was hired), got his first managerial experience with Venezuela in the 2017 World Baseball Classic, but his team couldn't pass the second round.
"The WBC was spectacular. Although we didn't reach the final goal, which was to reach the last playoff, we were able to sneak into the second round. It was a shame we did not score the necessary runs and that the pitching dropped a little bit, because in a short competition anything can happen," Vizquel said. "As a first experience as a manager, I had a great time."
Vizquel came back to the White Sox organization in 2018 as the manager of their Class-A affiliate at Winston-Salem. He still resided in Seattle as of 2018, along with Blanca Garcia, his wife since 2014. They live near his two children, Nicholas, born in 1995, and Kaylee, who was adopted in 2007.
Vizquel was inducted into the Cleveland Indians Hall of Fame on June 21, 2014, and was chosen by the fans as one of the Tribe's Franchise Four in 2015, alongside Bob Feller, Tris Speaker and Thome.
Vizquel had his first shot at election to the Hall of Fame in 2018, when Chipper Jones, Vladimir Guerrero, Jim Thome, and Trevor Hoffman got the call, but he fell short with 37 percent of the votes.
"I'm very happy," he said. "When you are first eligible for the Hall of Fame you do not know what kind of support you will receive from the voters. As time goes by you can increase or you can stay in the same position. I believe that it will continue to increase, although in the sabermetrics there are numbers that do not benefit me, but who saw me playing ball knows the game, knows what I did, knows my skills, what I was able to do and that (is) not numbers. You work for that on the field and the rest is on the part of the voters to discuss it."
Nevertheless, his debut on the ballot was better than that of Aparicio, who finished with 27.8 percent in his first chance and finally made in his sixth opportunity.
"I hope he gets into the Hall of Fame, because he deserves it, but I think the change of position (from shortstop) is going to hurt him," said Aparicio. "It also depends on who else is on the ballots, but I think he's going to make it. I think about the shortstops that I saw and there is none like that little fellow, because he fields grounders like nobody else."5
"You flip back and see how time flew," Vizquel said. "Playing 24 seasons in the majors and having all those memories, records, and stats make me feel very humble. I never thought I could go up to the heights of a player like Luis Aparicio and get to have so many good numbers."
Last revised: November 12, 2018
This biography was published in "1995 Cleveland Indians: The Sleeping Giant Awakes" (SABR, 2019), edited by Joseph Wancho.
baseball-reference.com/.
baseballhall.org/hof/2018-bbwaa-ballot.
cbssports.com/mlb/news/2018-baseball-hall-of-fame-ballot-the-cases-for-and-against-omar-vizquel/.
cleveland.com/tribe/index.ssf/2018/01/path_to_cooperstown_will_not_b.html.
espn.co.uk/mlb/news/story?id=3419650.
mlb.com/es/news/tiene-autenticos-argumentos-omar-vizquel-para-el-salon-de-la-fama/c-262497102.
Vizquel, Omar, and Bob Dyer. Omar! My Life on and Off the Field (Cleveland: Gray & Company, Publishers, 2002).
Cárdenas Lares, Carlos Daniel. Venezolanos en las Grandes Ligas (Fundación Cárdenas Lares, 1994).
Various Authors. Todo lo que usted debe saber sobre Omar Vizquel (Grupo Editorial Macpecri, 2012).
1 Author interview with Omar Vizquel on January, 7, 2015. Unless otherwise noted, all comments by Vizquel are from this interview.
2 Author interview with Elvis Andrus on March, 10, 2018. Unless otherwise noted, all comments by Andrus are from this interview.
3 Author interview with Vizquel.
5 Luis Aparicio and Augusto Cárdenas, "Mi Historia: Luis Aparicio," 2011.

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RECOMMENDED LINKS & BOOKS
International Association for Near-Death Studies (IANDS); Ph.D. Scientists & physicians on near-death experiences (NDE):
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Inspiring and informative NDE stories & videos:
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IANDS NDE videos:
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Ph.D. scientists who investigated and accepted the paranormal & the afterlife:
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21 Nobel laureates on Darwinism & consciousness:
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Reasons To Believe (Science-Faith Think Tank):
http://www.reasons.org/
Michael Caputo's site Atheism Exposed and Defeated:
http://atheismexposed.tripod.com/
Adherents.com (The Religious Affiliation of the Most Influential People):
http://www.adherents.com/
Richard Swinburne, Oxford Professor of Philosophy:
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~orie0087/
Peter Kreeft, Professor of Philosophy (Boston College):
http://www.peterkreeft.com/home.htm
Alvin Plantinga, Professor of Philosophy (University of Notre Dame):
http://www.andrewmbailey.com/ap/
Christian Center for Science and Apologetics (in English & Russian):
http://scienceandapologetics.com/
Was Darwin right? (Ph.D. Scientists on Intelligent Design & Evolution):
http://www.wasdarwinright.com/
Stephen E. Jones' quotes database:
http://members.iinet.net.au/~sejones/cequotes.html
Famous Scientists and their God – essays & links:
http://www.mat.univie.ac.at/~neum/sciandf.html
Conservapedia on Atheism:
http://www.conservapedia.com/Atheism
Transforming Teachers (Teaching as Ministry):
http://www.transformingteachers.org/
Seneca - a gold mine of psychological and philosophical teachings:
https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/4918776.Seneca
Sadhguru - surprising psychological and spiritual insights:
https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/30378.Sadhguru
Satchidananda - great psychological and spiritual insights:
https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/488254.Swami_Satchidananda
Rajneesh (Osho) - valuable psychological and spiritual ideas:
https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/2856822.Osho
Ojaswi Sharma - great psychological and spiritual insights:
http://universalwisdom.in/uk/index.asp
Dr. Ian Stevenson's Reincarnation Research:
http://www.near-death.com/reincarnation/research/ian-stevenson.html
Dr. Raymond Moody on Reincarnation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_S8yacTRnU
Askmoses - great Q&A site:
http://www.askmoses.com/
Rumi, Islamic scholar and Sufi mystic - inspiring insights:
https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/875661.Jalaluddin_Rumi
Ralph Waldo Emerson - surprising psychological and spiritual insights:
https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/12080.Ralph_Waldo_Emerson
Eva Pierrakos' lectures - great psychological and spiritual teachings:
https://pathwork.org/lecture-categories/pathwork-lectures-1996-ed/
Barbara Brodsky - valuable psychological and spiritual insights:
http://deepspring.org/
Carla L. Rueckert - great psychological and spiritual ideas:
http://www.llresearch.org/
Pamela Kribbe - insightful psychological and spiritual teachings:
http://www.jeshua.net/
Helen Greaves, an insightful book "Testimony of Light":
http://www.jhardaker.plus.com/pdf/Testimony%20of%20Light.pdf
Helen Greaves' other valuable books:
http://www.jhardaker.plus.com/pdf/pdf.html
Eckhart Tolle - great psychological and spiritual teachings:
https://www.eckharttolle.com/
Steven Pinker, parts of the book "Why Violence Has Declined?":
Click here & here; and a video here.
The free e-book "The True Story of Fatima" by John de Marchi & "Miracle of the Sun" in Wikipedia:
Click here & here.
Alan Watts & Rupert Sheldrake (videos):
https://www.youtube.com/user/lecturesbeyondbeyond/videos
Inspiring free e-book "Ami, Child of the Stars" by Enrique Barrios:
Click here & here & here & here & here, to read the different volumes of the e-book.
Quora - a gold mine of psychological and spiritual insights:
https://www.quora.com/
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦
Pascal, Blaise. 1910. Pensees (Thoughts). Translation – W. F. Trotter. The Harvard Classics, Vol. 48. Ed. Charles W. Eliot. New York: P. F. Collier & Son.
Caputo, Michael. 2000. God – Seen through the Eyes of the Greatest Minds. West Monroe, Louisiana: Howard Publishing Co.
Margenau, Henry, and Roy A. Varghese, eds. 1997. Cosmos, Bios, Theos: Scientists Reflect on Science, God, and the Origins of the Universe, Life, and Homo sapiens. 4th ed. Chicago and La Salle, Illinois: Open Court Publishing Company.
Morris, Henry M. 1982. Men of Science, Men of God. Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books, Inc.
Lamont, Ann. 1995. 21 Great Scientists Who Believed the Bible. Queensland, Australia: Creation Science Foundation (Answers in Genesis).
Schaefer, Henry. 2004. Science and Christianity: Conflict or Coherence? Watkinsville, Georgia: The Apollos Trust. (The University of Georgia).
Swinburne, Richard. 1996. Is There a God? Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Lewis, C.S. 2001. Mere Christianity. HarperSanFrancisco.
Lewis, C.S. 2002. The Four Loves. London: Fount Publishers.
Townes, Charles H. 1995. Making Waves. New York: American Institute of Physics Press.
Carrel, Alexis. 1952. Reflections on Life. New York: Hawthorn Books, Inc.
Einstein, Albert. 1973. Ideas and Opinions. New York: Dell Publishing Company.
Foggy Pier
The images of the Nudibranchs on this page by Raymond™ (Some rights reserved) and by Taso Viglas (Some rights reserved). The image of the jellyfish by Christian Johnson (www.morguefile.com).


Welcome to Bed and Breakfast San Colombano Suites Bardolino. Boasting a lakefront swimming pool and a sun terrace, San Colombano Suites is located in a quiet area just outside Bardolino. It offers lake-view suites with an al fresco dining area. Suites at the San Colombano include a seating area and a kitchenette, as well as a private bathroom. Some suites also include a spa bath. Dry cleaning service is available at the property. Wine Museum is 2.6 km from San Colombano Suites, while The Olive Oil Museum is 4.3 km away. The nearest airport is Verona Airport, 23 km from San Colombano Suites. (Bed and Breakfast San Colombano Suites Bardolino hotels).


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Metrarabdotomorpha aenigmatistes is een mosdiertjessoort uit de familie van de Romancheinidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1983 door d'Hondt.

Romancheinidae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home » TTW APP NEWS » Norman Tourism: State produces $258 mln in annual travel spending
Norman Tourism: State produces $258 mln in annual travel spending
Published on : Monday, May 20, 2019
According to the Norman state tourism department, it is the third largest industry in the state, and brings in hundreds of millions of dollars annually. According to VisitNorman statistics, Norman produces $258 million in annual travel spending, $74 million in annual payroll and $10.7 million in annual tax receipts.
Last week, Lt. Gov. Matt Pinnell, who also serves as Secretary of Tourism and Branding on Gov. Kevin Stitt's cabinet, came to speak at VisitNorman's annual tourism luncheon. He said he aims to raise those numbers by promoting the film industry, rebranding Oklahoma's musical heritage trail, promoting the state's Native American history, agritourism, and Route 66 — something he called an untapped gold mine currently operating as a hot mess.
With an estimated return of $8 for every $1 spent on promoting tourism, Pinnell said the state should be spending more, not less. Last week, lawmakers put forth a budget that does just that, increasing the department's allocation from $14.9 million to $18.1 million. Pinnell said efficiencies have been found to further the department's mission, and, now working with a surplus, he said it is poised to beef up the state's digital marketing to let people know that Oklahoma, with its 12 distinct ecosystems, is the place to film any kind of movie, the epicenter of Native American culture — the OKC Native American museum is expected to open in 2021 — and to have an authentic vacation adventure.
Today in America, people want to turn off their cellphone for three days, find a cute boutique hotel somewhere in a Main Street USA town. They want to return to that. They're tired of the Dallases and Houstons and the two hour waits for a restaurant table and all the angry people. They are looking for that and if we don't tell them that that's right here in Oklahoma, then they're going to go somewhere else. They're going to go to Kansas City, they're going to St. Louis. They got it right here in Oklahoma and it's authentic. That has to be the centerpiece of what we do at the Department of Tourism, is selling that authentic American experience.
He said getting beat by Texas in the great game of tourism dollars is one thing, but getting beat by Arkansas is something he can't stomach. He said his office is focused on moving the needle when it comes to tourism and entrepreneurship, something he said Norman does better than most.
At the local level, VisitNorman communications manager Stefanie Brickman said it was reassuring to hear Pinnell's enthusiasm for tourism. VisitNorman executive director Dan Schemm agreed, noting that having such a pro-tourism voice in the governor's ear is never a bad thing.
With over 60 parks, the state's only urban state park at Lake Thunderbird, and a myriad of festivals, Schemm said Norman is a unique community, well positioned to grow in the industry. Shemm and Brickman said they're focused on continuing to cultivate clusters and use targeted digital advertising to encourage visitors. Recently, they said they have had success with the addition of a Hampton by Hilton hotel in University North Park, which is slated to open later this year.
The sports tournaments are one way to put heads in beds and attract out-of-town dollars, he said. The Norman Forward sports facilities are for Normanites, he said, but they can also boost the city's bottom line by driving sales tax dollars.
One thing he said the city is missing is a major convention center. He said VisitNorman will continue to explore different ideas on that front while focusing its marketing budget — roughly $200,000 annually that comes from a 50 percent allocation of the city's hotel-motel tax — on ways to promote the great things the city already has to offer, such as its growing Walker Arts District. Norman Arts Council executive director Erinn Gavaghan said arts funding may not seem critical at first glance, but the impact of funding (or de-funding) arts programs and cultural spending is immense, and, in Norman the proof is in the artsy pudding.
When visitors come to Norman to see a show at the Sooner Theater or to take in a Second Friday Art Walk, she said they spend an average of $60, and that's outside of any admission fees. "Annually, we generate around $5 million in revenue," she said. "So, that's a huge return on investment."
According to a report released last week by Americans for the Arts, arts and culture organizations in Norman produced $11.5 million in community spending in FY 2015, which equated to $44.6 million in audience spending. In total, that adds up to $56.1 million in total arts related spending in Norman.
According to the report, that's enough to support 1,544 full-time jobs and generates $29.2 million in money paid directly to residents and $1.8 million for local government. Another telling statistic from the report's survey was just how many people came to Norman for arts and culture.
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Florida's Space Coast tourism expecting recovery this year
Tags: america, Norman, Tourism, Walker Arts District


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You are here: Home / Human Interest / St. Louis Public Radio | 90.7 KWMU and Quincy Public Radio | 90.3 WQUB will air live coverage of the Illinois Gubernatorial debate between Democrat Pat Quinn and Republican Bruce Rauner
St. Louis Public Radio | 90.7 KWMU and Quincy Public Radio | 90.3 WQUB will air live coverage of the Illinois Gubernatorial debate between Democrat Pat Quinn and Republican Bruce Rauner
ST. LOUIS PUBLIC RADIO – QUINCY PUBLIC RADIO TO AIR
ILLINOIS GUBERNATORIAL DEBATE
St. Louis Public Radio | 90.7 KWMU and Quincy Public Radio | 90.3 WQUB will air live coverage of the Illinois Gubernatorial debate between Democrat Pat Quinn and Republican Bruce Rauner on Thursday, October 8 at 8:00 p.m. The debate, which will take place in Peoria, is co-sponsored by WTVP-TV, WILL-AM-FM-TV, WUIS-FM, WSIU-FM-TV and the League of Women Voters of Illinois.
Moderator and panelists: Jak Tichenor, host of Illinois Lawmakers, from WSIU will moderate. A panel of three journalists will question the candidates: H. Wayne Wilson, host/producer of WTVP's At Issue; Amanda Vinicky, statehouse bureau chief, from WUIS; and Jamey Dunn, statehouse bureau chief of Illinois Issues magazine.
St. Louis Public Radio | 90.7 KWMU and Quincy Public Radio | 90.3 WQUB provide the St. Louis and Quincy regions award-winning, in-depth news on-air and online, insightful discussion, and entertaining programs that focus on the issues and people who shape our communities, our country and our world. Signature programs include: Morning Edition, All Things Considered, Fresh Air, This American Life, Marketplace, Car Talk, St. Louis on the Air, BBC World Service, The Tavis Smiley Show, Wait Wait…Don't Tell Me! and A Prairie Home Companion.
St. Louis Public Radio, which broadcasts in HD on 90.7, 90.7-2 and 90.7-3, and is online at www.stlpublicradio.org reaches 429,000 people a month in the bi-state area. Quincy Public Radio, which broadcasts in HD on 90.3, reaches nine counties in western Illinois and northeastern Missouri.
St. Louis Public Radio | 90.7 KWMU and Quincy Public Radio | 90.3 WQUB are member-supported services of the University of Missouri-St. Louis.
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Tag Archives: idealism
A word about our sponsors
Posted on August 21, 2012 by Andrew Collins
Well, it wasn't mean to be this way. I Tweeted this morning in reaction to seeing the great Mo Farah clowning in a new Virgin Media ad in my newspaper beside Usain Bolt in stick-on Richard Branson beards. I felt, instinctively, without thinking very hard about it, that it was a shame that an athlete so beloved and lauded for his amazing achievements on the track at the Olympics should be seen mucking about in an advert for broadband inside of a fortnight after the Games ended.
It's not easy to convey complex feelings in under 140 characters, but I had a crack at it, and, judging by the deluge of antipathy it generated, I can now confidently conclude that I did a bad job of conveying my feelings. I'm going to try here, where it's safe and warm, and I can ramble, which I'm better at.
The facts first: the Farah/Bolt print ad is a new campaign, launched across a number of national newspapers at the weekend. Virgin Media has signed up the Somali-born long distance runner in an open-ended deal estimated to be worth £500,000. The campaign has been created by BBH. Jeff Dodds, executive director of brand and marketing communications at Virgin Media, said: "After delivering a stellar performance in the Olympic Games, Mo has found a special place in all of our hearts and is a fully fledged national hero. We're absolutely delighted to be working with him. Virgin Media is all about delivering brilliant entertainment, and nobody has got the nation cheering at their TVs more than Mo over the last couple of weeks."
Nobody's arguing with that. I have almost no interest in watching athletics, as you know, but even I found myself drawn to the living room to watch Farah win the 5000m. You'd have needed a hard heart not to be drawn into the drama. He seems like a nice chap, too. Indeed, it's the unifying and, yes, iconic power of Farah crossing that finishing line that's worth preserving. To me, on a visceral level, the sight of him mucking about with a stick-on beard, so soon after his magnificent victory threatens to subtract from it.
Now, in saying this, I do not deny Mo Farah £500,000. As many people were quick to point out, indignantly, he's got a family, and twins on the way, and he can now support them in a manner that surely befits the love felt for him around GB. But I never meant to criticise him for taking money from a sponsor. All sportspeople do it, seemingly at every level. And, as others pointed out, Farah's window of opportunity closes very quickly. I'm sure it does. Virgin were very clever to sign him up after signing Bolt. They've now got two runners on their books, who, together, are surely worth more than they would be individually.
Unlike, say, Premiership football, which pays out large sums for most of the year to the biggest players at its biggest clubs, athletics is not a big-earning job, even though training is continuous between the big international meets, so the athletes must struggle to keep their dream alive. With this in mind, you'd have to be quite the idealist to suggest that Farah shouldn't do whatever his sponsors ask him to. He seems like a laugh. He does that Mo-bot thing. I'm sure he's totally fine with putting on a daft beard.
Dignity is subjective. Some people would do anything. Others would rather die than draw attention to themselves. Athletes compete in public, but this does not make them entertainers. I always feel sorry for them when a microphone is shoved in their face moments after finishing an event or game. It's hard enough to articulate how you feel about winning or losing at the best of times, but when you are puffed out and rushing with conflicted emotions, it must be awful. But it's part of the game.
I am an idealist. And it gets me into deep water. I seriously do not think Mo Farah should have told Jeff Dodds at Virgin Media, "Stick the false beard up your arse, contract or no contract!" It's just a bit of fun, and if you take Virgin's money, especially that much, then I'm afraid you work for them. I'm assuming Farah's got a very good agent. I hope so.
To cite a really remote personal example: in the mid-90s, when I was the editor of Q magazine, Stuart Maconie and I had our photograph taken by ITV publicity to promote our film review show The Movie Club. We arrived at the photo studio to find racks of humorous, movie-related costumes. I took umbrage and had what must be one of five tantrums I have ever had in my professional life, refusing to wear any of the stupid wigs or costumes. I explained that I was, by day, the editor of a magazine, a job with a certain amount of responsibility, and that being photographed looking a dick would work against that. We found a compromise, and used some props, and it was all fine. But what I was trying to preserve was my dignity, I guess. Typically, only one shot from the session was ever used anywhere, in black and white. This is it.
Dignity fluctuates according to circumstance. People become more protective of their dignity as they get older. Now, I think you will agree, a magazine editor having to put on a hat for a promotional photo shoot for which he will not be paid extra, and a world-class, Olympic gold-medalist having to put on a beard for a print ad for which he will be paid handsomely are worlds apart. But I was closet to being a nobody in the mid-90s; if anybody "owned" me it was Emap, who paid my salary for editing Q, and my duty was to them. Rightly or wrongly, but with the best intentions, I think the nation feels a certain "ownership" not of Mo Farah, but of the shared experience of those two unforgettable Saturday-night track victories. Jeff Dodds is right: the nation does have a special place in its collective heart for Mo Farah. My love of Mo Farah manifests itself in an idealistic wish that he could earn money, plenty more than he needs, by appearing in adverts that are in some way connected to his achievement.
Hey, I have no love for the corporate hegemony of the likes of Nike or Adidas, but at least sportspeople who appear in their adverts are selling sports equipment. Virgin Media are no more evil than any large company or brand, but the link to the "speed" of their broadband is tenuous, and as such, is not about Farah's athletic achievement. So he has to wear a beard for a joke about Richard Branson. Just like Usain Bolt did. I just wish he'd been able to wait for – I don't know – a couple more weeks? Maybe the public's window of opportunity to savour the moment also closes. I'm discussing this with myself now, in many more than 140 characters.
Don't be an idealist, kids. It makes you feel sad on a near daily basis, when things don't go according to your insane plan. If I was in charge, I'd make sure that all sport, amateur and professional, was properly funded and rewarded, so that stars like Farah wouldn't need to take the corporate shilling. Fortunately, I am not in charge. And the world is run by private companies, who call the shots.
I like the idea of the Olympics being a truly egalitarian contest. May the best man or woman win, and reap the applause. Mo Farah was the fastest at running 5000m. Imagine if, instead of part funding sport through the National Lottery, which remains a tax on those who can least afford it, we funded it by collecting fair taxes from everybody, including corporations and the super rich? This mad system could then be adopted by other nations and the Olympics would belong to all of us, and not to Samsung and McDonald's and Visa. And athletes could get bonuses, from this publicly-funded pot, for each medal they win, and use that to support their families, and further their careers.
I also made a satirical remark about how we could make the rich Premiership footballers share some of their earnings with the impoverished athletes – I even mentioned my own idealism to underline the joke – and you wouldn't believe how many people took offence and started to defend Premiership footballers against my despicable plan. It was a joke about socialism, which will never work, right?
Kill me now.
Posted in 2012	| Tagged advertising, idealism, money, Olympics	| 12 Replies


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Arsenal vs Liverpool Christmas Eve clash 'in doubt' due to stewarding issue
Report claims controversial fixture is in jeopardy with talks ongoing
The proposed Christmas Eve clash between Arsenal and Liverpool could be in doubt due to a lack of stewards.
A report in The Telegraph claims the controversial fixture, which is unconfirmed at this stage, is in jeopardy with Gunners stewards reluctant to staff the game.
The ECHO reported last week that Liverpool will oppose plans to move their Emirates trip, originally scheduled for December 23, back a day in order for it to be screened live by Sky.
There hasn't been a top-flight game on Christmas Eve since 1995, when Leeds United took on Manchester United, but it is understood that the TV giants are keen to change that this year.
Liverpool, however, believe it would be prohibitive for Reds supporters to attend, and will continue to strongly express their concerns through the appropriate channels.
The Spirit of Shankly supporters' union has also raised concerns, calling for "common sense" to be applied in light of "the untold impact on staff and supporters, particularly away supporters." Jurgen Klopp, the Liverpool manager, backed up those words during an impassioned plea to Sky last Friday.
The Telegraph , however, claim that talks remain ongoing between Arsenal, Islington Council, the Metropolitan Police and Liverpool, but that the stewarding issue is a serious one.
Clubs must earn a safety certificate from their local council for every match and it is understood that Arsenal are still unable to guarantee that sufficient numbers of stewards would be willing to work at that time.
The issue was discussed at a meeting of the Arsenal Supporters' Trust (AST) on Monday night, with 99% of members saying that they would be opposed to a possible 4pm Christmas Eve kick-off.
Furthermore, 45% also said that they would not attend if the match is staged at this time.
How Liverpool have missed Lallana - 'the teacher's pet and the leader of the press'
A spokesman for the AST warned that there could be "a record number of empty seats at The Emirates" should the match go ahead.
From Liverpool's point of view, the issue is largely out of their hands – though they can continue to raise their objections, and intend to do so.
It is understood that Sky will confirm their picks for live games over the festive period on October 16.


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Did the Largest Art Studio Tour in the US Drive Minneapolis' Gentrification?
As the arts community in Northeast Minneapolis grew, so did the commodification of arts culture.
Cinnamon Janzer June 5, 2019
A scene from Art-A-Whirl 2016. (Photo by Daniel X. O'Neil / CC BY 2.0)
Each year on the third weekend in May, Minneapolis residents take to the streets of Northeast Minneapolis' Arts District by the tens of thousands to participate in Art-a-Whirl, the largest artist open studio tour in the country. Always free and open to the public, this year's drizzly festivities featured nearly 800 artists across mediums and over 60 different locations from galleries to homes to storefronts and more.
Art-a-Whirl began in 1996 as a way for a handful of Northeast-based artists to showcase their work and drum up interest from a few individually invited local buyers. The following year, the Northeast Minneapolis Arts Association (NEMAA), a non-profit artist collective, was formed to support and promote the artists who had flocked to the area in search of affordable live/work options. For years the community of makers thrived, as did Art-a-Whirl. However, as the arts community in Northeast — locally referred to as Nordeast — grew, so did the commodification of arts culture.
Historically a blue-collar and largely Eastern European community, Northeast was transformed when major industries left the neighborhood in the 1980's and left large, unregulated warehouses in their wake. Once filled with a community of fine artists, Northeast has largely been replaced with developed, regulated spaces home to tech companies and mass-produced art created by design firms, explains Dr. Brittany Lewis, a researcher at the University of Minnesota's Center for Urban and Regional Affairs.
Lewis led a survey-based study on the gentrification of Northeast Minneapolis which found, among other things, that "the act of creative placemaking has driven Northeast Minneapolis' unique form of gentrification in the Twin Cities," with Art-a-Whirl as a telltale sign of that change. What was once a small, invite-only event designed to fund artists is now a mega party that draws roughly 30,000 visitors who spend more time at the breweries and outdoor music performances throughout the district than buying or even looking at art. "Now it's more like Mardi Gras than any kind of real fine arts event," one survey respondent told Lewis' team.
Interestingly, all of this has occurred in spite — or, in some ways, because — of the Northeast arts association's creation of an Arts Action Plan in 2003.
Designed to sustain and support the already dwindling artists' community, the action plan looked at what happened to similar artist enclaves in cities like New York and San Francisco and set out to spare Nordeast from the same fate. "Looking into the future, the community and artists' population of Northeast decided to attempt to forestall what many consider to be an inevitable social change and try to keep the area as an artists' community for the long-term," the plan said.
It featured eight recommendations, each with a handful of sub-recommendations with an eye towards everything from securing sustainable and affordable spaces for artists to live and work to imploring the city to use the plan as a template for a city-wide Cultural Plan to formally establishing the Northeast Arts District designation that exists today.
"The whole point of the Arts Action Plan was to recognize formally that this neighborhood has an importance as an arts neighborhood and as an arts district," explains Greg Foley, a Minneapolis-based artist and president of NEMAA's board of directors. "It put goals and strategies around [that objective] and some were achieved, and some are still being considered and worked towards."
On the affordable spaces front, Foley notes that 35 live/work apartments were created in 2013 when Artspace Jackson Flats opened. In terms of better supporting the artists that live in Northeast, the arts association has begun to offer technical programming designed to help artists with everything from selling their art to building websites and crafting business plans. Some of the more ambitious goals, like creating a co-op bank or credit union specifically for artists, haven't happened.
Foley does see gentrification taking place despite NEMAA's's best efforts, but with a caveat. "The owners who own the big art studios — the Northrup King Building, the California Building, and the Grain Belt Building — they are all very aware of the impact of their buildings on the neighborhood," he says, noting that they have remained dedicated to artists. "[They] have really stuck it out and continue to provide mission-based real estate." While the 2003 plan has by no means been discarded, it's not the centerpiece of NEMAA's efforts as it once was while plans to make an updated plan have been put on hold. "Because we're also primarily a member-based organization, we are working to provide those programs that most benefit our members and hope that, at the same time, it really fits within the framework of the action plan," Foley says.
While a few important holdouts remain, many of the cultural elements that made Northeast what it once was have largely been unable to hang on, in some ways because the Arts Action Plan worked a little too well.
"Everything is regulated and professionalized. There's this loss of culture, it's not just replacement of space," Lewis says. She continues by telling the story of one of her respondents, a small business owner who used to give free coffee to people experiencing homelessness. Now, however, Minneapolis's homeless population has been policed out of Northeast and into other locales, and this business owner now spends her days chatting with empty nesters or young professionals, many of whom work for the city's major corporate employers.
"I would argue that the Arts Action Plan had a huge part to play [in the gentrification] because there's always divided interests," Lewis says. "The City of Minneapolis had its own interests. Arts areas and arts districts are huge revenue-generating forces for cities. The artists at the table had [their] interests but the city… [was] trying to make it denser and increase the tax base and attract private developers."
For Lewis, the question comes down to this: Who benefits? Cities have the power to mitigate the negative impacts of gentrification, but doing so would require investing money in existing neighborhoods as opposed to focusing on bringing private, outside money in. One way that cities interested in preserving the genuine culture and affordability of arts districts, formal and informal, is by reconfiguring how affordability is calculated.
"Cities are using HUD's median income to determine what's affordable, but because our geographic area includes outer ring suburbs like Bloomington, our median income goes up … But if you look at North [Minneapolis], the median income is $30,000," Lewis says. When cities use HUD benchmarks to designate affordable housing, the only outcome urban neighborhoods will see is gentrification pressure in one form or another, wiping out the culture and community that made it a desirable location in the first place in the process.
"There has to be an intentional education of people of the value of art and this history of fine art and the time it takes to make it — a revaluing of those artistic expressions and money invested in different artists' residencies that severely subsidize these artists' ways of living," she says. "Because before, it was super cheap — they didn't need to be subsidized."
Cinnamon Janzer is a freelance journalist based in Minneapolis. Her work has appeared in National Geographic, U.S. News & World Report, Rewire.news, and more. She holds an MA in Social Design, with a specialization in intervention design, from the Maryland Institute College of Art and a BA in Cultural Anthropology and Fine Art from the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.
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Tags: arts and culture, minneapolis
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The East Greenland Current (EGC) is a cold, low salinity current that extends from Fram Strait (~80N) to Cape Farewell (~60N). The current is located off the eastern coast of Greenland along the Greenland continental margin. The current cuts through the Nordic Seas (the Greenland and Norwegian Seas) and through the Denmark Strait. The current is of major importance because it directly connects the Arctic to the Northern Atlantic, it is a major contributor to sea ice export out of the Arctic, and it is a major freshwater sink for the Arctic.
The EGC is composed of a mixture of three distinct water masses. The water masses are Polar Water, Atlantic Water, and Deep Water. These water masses can be clearly seen throughout the EGC's tract southward, however, the upper layer water masses do change some due to atmospheric interaction along with inflow from other water sources in the Nordic Seas. The top 150 meters of the EGC is considered polar water and it is cold and low in salinity. The lowness in salinity has a lot to do with freshwater run off from sea ice melting, river runoff, and Pacific water flux and it is cold due to air-sea interactions while in the Arctic. Typical characteristics for the EGC Polar water are a temperature between 0 °C and –1.7 °C (e.g. freezing point of low-salinity sea water), and the salinity varies greatly from 30 psu (near the surface) to 34 psu at a 150-meter depth. The layer beneath the Polar Water is known as the Atlantic Water layer. It extends down to about 1000 m. This layer is defined as having relatively warm temperatures and saline waters. The temperatures are normally above 0 °C and have a salinity of 34 psu at 150 meters and it increases to about 35 psu at 1000 meters. The Atlantic water that is seen in the EGC comes from two different sources. The first source of Atlantic Water originates from westward directed Atlantic water in the West Spitsbergen Current. This current sends Atlantic water (AW) into the Fram Strait, and because it is more dense then the surface Polar water it sinks to an intermediate depth. The second source of AW in the EGC originates from recirculated AW in the Arctic. This is AW that has entered the Arctic via the North Atlantic and has been circulating in the Arctic and is now being pushed out of the Arctic via the EGC. The layer beneath the Atlantic Water is simply referred to as the Deep Water where the salinity and temperatures are relatively constant. This level typically extends from 1000 meters to the bottom of the ocean. The temperatures in this bottom level are normally below 0 °C and the salinity is around 34.9 psu.
The deep water masses (>1600 m) are recirculated within the Greenland Sea due to the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone. Here, the deep water encounters the Jan Mayen Ridge and are deflected eastward towards the interior of the Greenland Sea Gyre. The upper layers are able to pass into the waters north of Iceland unhindered. It is important to note that these recirculated deep water masses in the Greenland Sea Gyre will be recirculated into the EGC once again in the future near Fram Strait.
The general movement of the EGC is southward along the eastern Greenland continental margin. The currents are quite strong with annual averages of 6–12 cm/s in the upper part of the EGC (<500 m) with inter-annual maximums of 20–30 cm/s. It was estimated in 1991 by Hopkins et al. that the transport of water southward ranged from 2–32 sverdrups. That is quite a large variation that they attributed to the widely varying strength of the Atlantic Water flow at intermediate depths. More recent estimations of water transport in the top layers (<800 m) of the EGC is between 3 and 4 sverdrups.
One of the most important aspects of the East Greenland Current is the amount of sea ice it exports into the North Atlantic Ocean. It is a major pathway for sea ice to leave the Arctic. It is estimated that more than 90% of the Arctic Sea Ice exported from the Arctic takes place within the East Greenland Current. The volume of ice exported on an annual scale is a strong function of multiple atmospheric variables (wind, temperature, etc.) and oceanic variables and dynamics. There is a maximum of ice-flux export from October through December and a minimum from January to March. This interannual variability occurs because during the summer months the sea ice melts back quite a bit, and it results in a lot of drifting sea ice that can be easily exported through Fram Strait during the windy times of October through December. During the winter months, the sea ice refreezes together and thus the ability to have numerous sea ice drifts decreases due to the increase in overall sea ice extent. Essentially open water drifting decreases substantially during the winter months. The volume export ranges greatly from year to year. It can be as high as 5000 km3/year and as low as 1000 km3/year.
Atmospheric forcings also have a strong impact on Arctic Sea Ice export through the EGC. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)/Arctic Oscillation (AO) has a profound impact on the wind field over the Arctic. During high NAO/AO indexes the cyclonic wind field over the Arctic becomes very strong, this transports more ice out through Fram Strait and into the EGC. During low NAO/AO indexes the cyclonic wind field is quite small and thus the transport out of the Fram Strait diminishes greatly.
Current research for the EGC is focused on freshwater fluxes. Because the EGC runs through the Greenland Sea and eventually through the Labrador Sea (as the West Greenland Current) it can have strong implications for the strengthening and or weakening of deep water formations in the Greenland and Labrador Seas. The Meridional Overturning Circulation is a density driven circulation in which a small perturbation in the density field could easily slow down or speed up the deep water formation in the Nordic Seas. Jones et al. note that there are three different freshwater sources for the EGC: Pacific water, river runoff, and sea-ice meltwater. They find that the biggest contributor to the freshening of the EGC is due to river runoff, followed by Pacific water, and a distant last is sea-ice meltwater (nearly negligible). They find that even though these sources freshen the EGC, these specific sources do not penetrate very well into the central Greenland Sea where the deep convection takes place. They then decide that there must be some other freshwater influence in the central Greenland Sea. They believe it may be from solid sea ice being transported to the central Greenland Sea and then melting. Solid sea ice is very mobile, and winds can easily direct its flow along with ocean currents. Previous thoughts were that the recirculation of the EGC in the Greenland Sea via the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone helps lead to a freshening of the central Greenland Sea, however, Rudels et al. disproved this theory and said it must be due to solid sea ice melt and precipitation in the central Greenland Sea.
1 2 Hopkins, T (1991). "The GIN Sea—A synthesis of its physical oceanography and literature review 1972–1985". Earth-Science Reviews. 30 (3–4): 175. Bibcode:1991ESRv...30..175H. doi:10.1016/0012-8252(91)90001-V.
1 2 3 Woodgate, Rebecca A.; Fahrbach, Eberhard; Rohardt, Gerd (1999). "Structure and transports of the East Greenland Current at 75°N from moored current meters". Journal of Geophysical Research. 104: 18059. Bibcode:1999JGR...10418059W. doi:10.1029/1999JC900146.
1 2 3 Schlichtholz, P. and M.N. Houssais (1999). "An investigation of the dynamics of the East Greenland Current in Fram Strait based on a simple analytical model". Journal of Physical Oceanography. 29 (9): 2240–2265. Bibcode:1999JPO....29.2240S. doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<2240:AIOTDO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0485.
1 2 Aagaard, K., and L.K. Coachman, 1968: The East Greenland Current north of Denmark Strait, Part I, Arctic, 21, 181-200.
↑ Bersch, M., 1995: On the circulation of the northeastern North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 42, 1583-1607.
↑ Foldvik, A; Aagaard, K; Torresen, T (1988). "On the velocity field of the East Greenland Current". Deep-Sea Research Part A: Oceanographic Research Papers. 35 (8): 1335. Bibcode:1988DSRI...35.1335F. doi:10.1016/0198-0149(88)90086-6.
1 2 Martin, T; Wadhams, P (1999). "Sea-ice flux in the East Greenland Current". Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 46 (6–7): 1063. Bibcode:1999DSR....46.1063M. doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00016-8.
↑ Tsukernik, Maria; Deser, Clara; Alexander, Michael; Tomas, Robert (2009). "Atmospheric forcing of Fram Strait sea ice export: a closer look". Climate Dynamics. 35 (7–8): 1349–1360. Bibcode:2010ClDy...35.1349T. doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0647-z.
↑ Jones, E; Anderson, L; Jutterstrom, S; Swift, J (2008). "Sources and distribution of fresh water in the East Greenland Current". Progress in Oceanography. 78: 37. Bibcode:2008PrOce..78...37J. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2007.06.003.
↑ Aagaard, K.; Carmack, E. C. (1989). "The Role of Sea Ice and Other Fresh Water in the Arctic Circulation". Journal of Geophysical Research. 94: 14485. Bibcode:1989JGR....9414485A. doi:10.1029/JC094iC10p14485.
↑ Rudels, B; Bjork, G; Nilsson, J; Winsor, P; Lake, I; Nohr, C (2005). "The interaction between waters from the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas north of Fram Strait and along the East Greenland Current: results from the Arctic Ocean-02 Oden expedition". Journal of Marine Systems. 55: 1. Bibcode:2005JMS....55....1R. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.06.008.


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Irion County, Texas
Pick a county Texas State Total Anderson County, Texas Andrews County, Texas Angelina County, Texas Aransas County, Texas Archer County, Texas Armstrong County, Texas Atascosa County, Texas Austin County, Texas Bailey County, Texas Bandera County, Texas Bastrop County, Texas Baylor County, Texas Bee County, Texas Bell County, Texas Bexar County, Texas Blanco County, Texas Borden County, Texas Bosque County, Texas Bowie County, Texas Brazoria County, Texas Brazos County, Texas Brewster County, Texas Briscoe County, Texas Brooks County, Texas Brown County, Texas Burleson County, Texas Burnet County, Texas Caldwell County, Texas Calhoun County, Texas Callahan County, Texas Cameron County, Texas Camp County, Texas Carson County, Texas Cass County, Texas Castro County, Texas Chambers County, Texas Cherokee County, Texas Childress County, Texas Clay County, Texas Cochran County, Texas Coke County, Texas Coleman County, Texas Collin County, Texas Collingsworth County, Texas Colorado County, Texas Comal County, Texas Comanche County, Texas Concho County, Texas Cooke County, Texas Coryell County, Texas Cottle County, Texas Crane County, Texas Crockett County, Texas Crosby County, Texas Culberson County, Texas Dallam County, Texas Dallas County, Texas Dawson County, Texas Deaf Smith County, Texas Delta County, Texas Denton County, Texas DeWitt County, Texas Dickens County, Texas Dimmit County, Texas Donley County, Texas Duval County, Texas Eastland County, Texas Ector County, Texas Edwards County, Texas Ellis County, Texas El Paso County, Texas Erath County, Texas Falls County, Texas Fannin County, Texas Fayette County, Texas Fisher County, Texas Floyd County, Texas Foard County, Texas Fort Bend County, Texas Franklin County, Texas Freestone County, Texas Frio County, Texas Gaines County, Texas Galveston County, Texas Garza County, Texas Gillespie County, Texas Glasscock County, Texas Goliad County, Texas Gonzales County, Texas Gray County, Texas Grayson County, Texas Gregg County, Texas Grimes County, Texas Guadalupe County, Texas Hale County, Texas Hall County, Texas Hamilton County, Texas Hansford County, Texas Hardeman County, Texas Hardin County, Texas Harris County, Texas Harrison County, Texas Hartley County, Texas Haskell County, Texas Hays County, Texas Hemphill County, Texas Henderson County, Texas Hidalgo County, Texas Hill County, Texas Hockley County, Texas Hood County, Texas Hopkins County, Texas Houston County, Texas Howard County, Texas Hudspeth County, Texas Hunt County, Texas Hutchinson County, Texas Irion County, Texas Jack County, Texas Jackson County, Texas Jasper County, Texas Jeff Davis County, Texas Jefferson County, Texas Jim Hogg County, Texas Jim Wells County, Texas Johnson County, Texas Jones County, Texas Karnes County, Texas Kaufman County, Texas Kendall County, Texas Kenedy County, Texas Kent County, Texas Kerr County, Texas Kimble County, Texas King County, Texas Kinney County, Texas Kleberg County, Texas Knox County, Texas Lamar County, Texas Lamb County, Texas Lampasas County, Texas La Salle County, Texas Lavaca County, Texas Lee County, Texas Leon County, Texas Liberty County, Texas Limestone County, Texas Lipscomb County, Texas Live Oak County, Texas Llano County, Texas Loving County, Texas Lubbock County, Texas Lynn County, Texas McCulloch County, Texas McLennan County, Texas McMullen County, Texas Madison County, Texas Marion County, Texas Martin County, Texas Mason County, Texas Matagorda County, Texas Maverick County, Texas Medina County, Texas Menard County, Texas Midland County, Texas Milam County, Texas Mills County, Texas Mitchell County, Texas Montague County, Texas Montgomery County, Texas Moore County, Texas Morris County, Texas Motley County, Texas Nacogdoches County, Texas Navarro County, Texas Newton County, Texas Nolan County, Texas Nueces County, Texas Ochiltree County, Texas Oldham County, Texas Orange County, Texas Palo Pinto County, Texas Panola County, Texas Parker County, Texas Parmer County, Texas Pecos County, Texas Polk County, Texas Potter County, Texas Presidio County, Texas Rains County, Texas Randall County, Texas Reagan County, Texas Real County, Texas Red River County, Texas Reeves County, Texas Refugio County, Texas Roberts County, Texas Robertson County, Texas Rockwall County, Texas Runnels County, Texas Rusk County, Texas Sabine County, Texas San Augustine County, Texas San Jacinto County, Texas San Patricio County, Texas San Saba County, Texas Schleicher County, Texas Scurry County, Texas Shackelford County, Texas Shelby County, Texas Sherman County, Texas Smith County, Texas Somervell County, Texas Starr County, Texas Stephens County, Texas Sterling County, Texas Stonewall County, Texas Sutton County, Texas Swisher County, Texas Tarrant County, Texas Taylor County, Texas Terrell County, Texas Terry County, Texas Throckmorton County, Texas Titus County, Texas Tom Green County, Texas Travis County, Texas Trinity County, Texas Tyler County, Texas Upshur County, Texas Upton County, Texas Uvalde County, Texas Val Verde County, Texas Van Zandt County, Texas Victoria County, Texas Walker County, Texas Waller County, Texas Ward County, Texas Washington County, Texas Webb County, Texas Wharton County, Texas Wheeler County, Texas Wichita County, Texas Wilbarger County, Texas Willacy County, Texas Williamson County, Texas Wilson County, Texas Winkler County, Texas Wise County, Texas Wood County, Texas Yoakum County, Texas Young County, Texas Zapata County, Texas Zavala County, Texas Telmark LSA Plains Cotton Cooperative Association Southwestern Irrigated Cotton Growers Assoc US Cotton Growers Association Texas NRCS
Pick a district 1st District of Texas (Rep. Louis Gohmert) 2nd District of Texas (Rep. Dan Crenshaw) 3rd District of Texas (Rep. Van Taylor) 4th District of Texas (Rep. John Ratcliffe) 5th District of Texas (Rep. Lance Gooden) 6th District of Texas (Rep. Ron Wright) 7th District of Texas (Rep. Lizzie Fletcher) 8th District of Texas (Rep. Kevin Brady) 9th District of Texas (Rep. Al Green) 10th District of Texas (Rep. Michael McCaul) 11th District of Texas (Rep. Michael Conaway) 12th District of Texas (Rep. Kay Granger) 13th District of Texas (Rep. Mac Thornberry) 14th District of Texas (Rep. Randy Weber) 15th District of Texas (Rep. Vicente Gonzalez) 16th District of Texas (Rep. Veronica Escobar) 17th District of Texas (Rep. Bill Flores) 18th District of Texas (Rep. Sheila Jackson-Lee) 19th District of Texas (Rep. Jodey Arrington) 20th District of Texas (Rep. Joaquin Castro) 21st District of Texas (Rep. Chip Roy) 22nd District of Texas (Rep. Pete Olson) 23rd District of Texas (Rep. Will Hurd) 24th District of Texas (Rep. Kenny Marchant) 25th District of Texas (Rep. Roger Williams) 26th District of Texas (Rep. Michael Burgess) 27th District of Texas (Rep. Michael Cloud) 28th District of Texas (Rep. Henry Cuellar) 29th District of Texas (Rep. Sylvia Garcia) 30th District of Texas (Rep. Eddie Bernice Johnson) 31st District of Texas (Rep. John Carter) 32nd District of Texas (Rep. Colin Allred) 33rd District of Texas (Rep. Marc Veasey) 34th District of Texas (Rep. Filemon Vela) 35th District of Texas (Rep. LLoyd Doggett) 36th District of Texas (Rep. Brian Babin)
Commodity subsidies in Irion County, Texas totaled $2.4 million from 1995-2020‡.
Counties in Irion County, Texas Receiving Commodity Payments, 1995-2020‡
1 Plains Cotton Cooperative Association $1,015,779,850 4.9% 4.9%
2 Gaines County, Texas $696,801,158 3.4% 8.3%
3 Wharton County, Texas $687,125,441 3.3% 11.6%
4 Hale County, Texas $588,274,431 2.8% 14.5%
5 Dawson County, Texas $462,149,075 2.2% 16.7%
6 Lamb County, Texas $432,867,291 2.1% 18.8%
7 Terry County, Texas $424,738,796 2.1% 20.8%
8 Lubbock County, Texas $420,123,869 2.0% 22.9%
9 Parmer County, Texas $416,068,239 2.0% 24.9%
10 Castro County, Texas $402,591,604 1.9% 26.8%
11 Telmark LSA $371,137,146 1.8% 28.6%
12 Floyd County, Texas $365,906,315 1.8% 30.4%
13 Nueces County, Texas $352,477,617 1.7% 32.1%
14 Matagorda County, Texas $347,687,763 1.7% 33.8%
15 Lynn County, Texas $334,707,912 1.6% 35.4%
16 Deaf Smith County, Texas $323,362,762 1.6% 37.0%
17 Hockley County, Texas $321,223,869 1.6% 38.5%
18 San Patricio County, Texas $311,463,439 1.5% 40.0%
19 Swisher County, Texas $303,132,310 1.5% 41.5%
20 Jackson County, Texas $299,507,923 1.4% 42.9%
21 Crosby County, Texas $283,057,738 1.4% 44.3%
22 Colorado County, Texas $270,935,477 1.3% 45.6%
23 Yoakum County, Texas $248,304,818 1.2% 46.8%
24 Cameron County, Texas $239,725,092 1.2% 48.0%
25 Sherman County, Texas $233,101,138 1.1% 49.1%
26 Willacy County, Texas $225,332,174 1.1% 50.2%
27 Hidalgo County, Texas $222,493,544 1.1% 51.3%
28 Hansford County, Texas $221,832,766 1.1% 52.4%
29 Moore County, Texas $220,699,660 1.1% 53.4%
30 Brazoria County, Texas $214,489,187 1.0% 54.5%
31 Dallam County, Texas $213,611,138 1.0% 55.5%
32 Cochran County, Texas $205,176,556 1.0% 56.5%
33 Haskell County, Texas $201,219,399 1.0% 57.5%
34 Jefferson County, Texas $193,201,894 0.9% 58.4%
35 Hartley County, Texas $193,150,965 0.9% 59.3%
36 US Cotton Growers Association $191,393,735 0.9% 60.3%
37 Fort Bend County, Texas $191,262,571 0.9% 61.2%
38 Tom Green County, Texas $185,466,416 0.9% 62.1%
39 Bailey County, Texas $183,204,406 0.9% 63.0%
40 Martin County, Texas $182,227,059 0.9% 63.8%
41 Chambers County, Texas $174,092,622 0.8% 64.7%
42 Jones County, Texas $169,735,341 0.8% 65.5%
43 Collingsworth County, Texas $167,069,086 0.8% 66.3%
44 Ochiltree County, Texas $162,265,014 0.8% 67.1%
45 Liberty County, Texas $157,079,349 0.8% 67.9%
46 Carson County, Texas $150,852,818 0.7% 68.6%
47 Hall County, Texas $149,442,137 0.7% 69.3%
48 Howard County, Texas $147,777,015 0.7% 70.0%
49 Williamson County, Texas $142,965,240 0.7% 70.7%
50 $134,711,784 0.7% 71.4%
51 Hill County, Texas $133,613,297 0.6% 72.0%
52 Fisher County, Texas $131,303,854 0.6% 72.7%
53 Glasscock County, Texas $124,819,353 0.6% 73.3%
54 Wilbarger County, Texas $123,416,902 0.6% 73.9%
55 Runnels County, Texas $120,600,121 0.6% 74.4%
56 Knox County, Texas $108,635,596 0.5% 75.0%
57 Victoria County, Texas $108,042,875 0.5% 75.5%
58 Ellis County, Texas $105,979,769 0.5% 76.0%
59 Calhoun County, Texas $94,119,529 0.5% 76.5%
60 Scurry County, Texas $90,413,400 0.4% 76.9%
61 Refugio County, Texas $89,661,098 0.4% 77.3%
62 McLennan County, Texas $89,638,511 0.4% 77.8%
63 Childress County, Texas $84,234,394 0.4% 78.2%
64 Uvalde County, Texas $80,774,523 0.4% 78.6%
65 Falls County, Texas $80,390,368 0.4% 79.0%
66 Briscoe County, Texas $79,516,148 0.4% 79.3%
67 Milam County, Texas $76,973,128 0.4% 79.7%
68 Fannin County, Texas $76,776,976 0.4% 80.1%
69 Mitchell County, Texas $76,647,195 0.4% 80.5%
70 Waller County, Texas $76,278,748 0.4% 80.8%
71 Nolan County, Texas $76,121,946 0.4% 81.2%
72 Randall County, Texas $75,679,397 0.4% 81.6%
73 Frio County, Texas $74,861,413 0.4% 81.9%
74 Harris County, Texas $69,541,084 0.3% 82.3%
75 Medina County, Texas $68,762,020 0.3% 82.6%
76 Lamar County, Texas $68,573,888 0.3% 82.9%
77 Bell County, Texas $68,513,128 0.3% 83.2%
78 Hardeman County, Texas $65,841,254 0.3% 83.6%
79 Jim Wells County, Texas $65,321,031 0.3% 83.9%
80 Concho County, Texas $65,098,609 0.3% 84.2%
81 Gray County, Texas $64,329,012 0.3% 84.5%
82 Baylor County, Texas $62,810,967 0.3% 84.8%
83 Grayson County, Texas $61,854,356 0.3% 85.1%
84 Wichita County, Texas $61,018,480 0.3% 85.4%
85 Kleberg County, Texas $60,491,913 0.3% 85.7%
86 Erath County, Texas $57,870,072 0.3% 86.0%
87 Collin County, Texas $57,836,085 0.3% 86.3%
88 Navarro County, Texas $57,705,707 0.3% 86.5%
89 Robertson County, Texas $57,688,689 0.3% 86.8%
90 Comanche County, Texas $57,507,645 0.3% 87.1%
91 Cottle County, Texas $55,625,809 0.3% 87.4%
92 Atascosa County, Texas $54,924,912 0.3% 87.6%
93 Bee County, Texas $52,954,699 0.3% 87.9%
94 Taylor County, Texas $52,852,587 0.3% 88.1%
95 Hutchinson County, Texas $51,862,692 0.3% 88.4%
96 Garza County, Texas $50,678,918 0.2% 88.6%
97 Donley County, Texas $48,860,333 0.2% 88.9%
98 Archer County, Texas $46,909,415 0.2% 89.1%
99 Reagan County, Texas $45,604,660 0.2% 89.3%
100 Armstrong County, Texas $45,587,411 0.2% 89.5%
101 Dickens County, Texas $44,696,810 0.2% 89.8%
102 Motley County, Texas $43,959,569 0.2% 90.0%
103 Burleson County, Texas $43,784,258 0.2% 90.2%
104 Andrews County, Texas $43,305,317 0.2% 90.4%
105 Wheeler County, Texas $42,846,312 0.2% 90.6%
106 Wilson County, Texas $42,162,335 0.2% 90.8%
107 Foard County, Texas $41,772,741 0.2% 91.0%
108 Denton County, Texas $40,385,795 0.2% 91.2%
109 Lipscomb County, Texas $39,866,157 0.2% 91.4%
110 Austin County, Texas $39,553,616 0.2% 91.6%
111 Clay County, Texas $38,895,245 0.2% 91.8%
112 Starr County, Texas $36,683,374 0.2% 92.0%
113 Zavala County, Texas $36,359,358 0.2% 92.1%
114 Hunt County, Texas $36,310,487 0.2% 92.3%
115 $36,227,074 0.2% 92.5%
116 Hopkins County, Texas $36,081,134 0.2% 92.7%
117 Red River County, Texas $35,634,910 0.2% 92.8%
118 Eastland County, Texas $35,337,268 0.2% 93.0%
119 Reeves County, Texas $34,895,897 0.2% 93.2%
120 Cooke County, Texas $34,879,571 0.2% 93.3%
121 Lavaca County, Texas $34,834,601 0.2% 93.5%
122 Oldham County, Texas $34,518,553 0.2% 93.7%
123 Brazos County, Texas $34,062,752 0.2% 93.8%
124 Midland County, Texas $33,610,496 0.2% 94.0%
125 Guadalupe County, Texas $33,529,105 0.2% 94.2%
126 Young County, Texas $32,957,717 0.2% 94.3%
127 Bowie County, Texas $32,317,160 0.2% 94.5%
128 Galveston County, Texas $31,646,824 0.2% 94.6%
129 Coleman County, Texas $30,849,816 0.1% 94.8%
130 Travis County, Texas $30,417,630 0.1% 94.9%
131 McCulloch County, Texas $29,270,449 0.1% 95.1%
132 Throckmorton County, Texas $28,076,841 0.1% 95.2%
133 Pecos County, Texas $26,793,295 0.1% 95.3%
134 Southwestern Irrigated Cotton Growers Assoc $26,684,631 0.1% 95.5%
135 Stonewall County, Texas $26,651,045 0.1% 95.6%
136 Johnson County, Texas $25,449,152 0.1% 95.7%
137 Borden County, Texas $25,107,088 0.1% 95.8%
139 Coryell County, Texas $24,373,242 0.1% 96.1%
140 Hudspeth County, Texas $23,267,997 0.1% 96.2%
141 El Paso County, Texas $23,228,487 0.1% 96.3%
142 Upton County, Texas $22,543,245 0.1% 96.4%
143 Live Oak County, Texas $21,158,970 0.1% 96.5%
144 Limestone County, Texas $20,491,095 0.1% 96.6%
145 Bexar County, Texas $19,890,028 0.1% 96.7%
146 Delta County, Texas $19,215,584 0.1% 96.8%
147 Schleicher County, Texas $18,973,999 0.1% 96.9%
148 Hamilton County, Texas $18,703,814 0.1% 97.0%
149 Brown County, Texas $18,412,835 0.1% 97.1%
150 Caldwell County, Texas $17,758,859 0.1% 97.2%
151 Duval County, Texas $17,079,884 0.1% 97.2%
152 Mason County, Texas $16,994,285 0.1% 97.3%
153 Karnes County, Texas $16,602,532 0.1% 97.4%
154 Kaufman County, Texas $15,447,738 0.1% 97.5%
155 Callahan County, Texas $14,924,351 0.1% 97.5%
157 Kent County, Texas $14,079,243 0.1% 97.7%
159 Montague County, Texas $12,923,474 0.1% 97.8%
160 Roberts County, Texas $12,742,596 0.1% 97.9%
161 Fayette County, Texas $12,316,397 0.1% 97.9%
162 Dallas County, Texas $12,257,485 0.1% 98.0%
163 Wise County, Texas $12,194,893 0.1% 98.1%
164 Shackelford County, Texas $11,999,691 0.1% 98.1%
165 King County, Texas $11,722,708 0.1% 98.2%
166 Potter County, Texas $11,561,297 0.1% 98.2%
167 San Saba County, Texas $11,133,227 0.1% 98.3%
168 Hemphill County, Texas $11,119,430 0.1% 98.3%
169 Houston County, Texas $11,025,520 0.1% 98.4%
170 Bosque County, Texas $11,000,576 0.1% 98.4%
171 Gillespie County, Texas $10,875,135 0.1% 98.5%
172 La Salle County, Texas $10,209,880 0.0% 98.5%
173 Val Verde County, Texas $9,853,699 0.0% 98.6%
174 Gonzales County, Texas $9,450,009 0.0% 98.6%
175 Culberson County, Texas $9,431,961 0.0% 98.7%
176 Edwards County, Texas $9,380,683 0.0% 98.7%
177 Bastrop County, Texas $9,086,840 0.0% 98.8%
178 Goliad County, Texas $8,710,121 0.0% 98.8%
179 Crockett County, Texas $8,650,085 0.0% 98.9%
180 Wood County, Texas $8,422,704 0.0% 98.9%
181 Mills County, Texas $8,355,777 0.0% 98.9%
182 Sutton County, Texas $7,828,987 0.0% 99.0%
183 Washington County, Texas $7,435,603 0.0% 99.0%
184 Kinney County, Texas $7,411,762 0.0% 99.0%
185 DeWitt County, Texas $7,394,436 0.0% 99.1%
186 $7,385,349 0.0% 99.1%
187 Lee County, Texas $7,058,244 0.0% 99.2%
188 Hays County, Texas $6,711,543 0.0% 99.2%
189 Franklin County, Texas $6,412,578 0.0% 99.2%
190 Tarrant County, Texas $6,399,737 0.0% 99.2%
192 Rockwall County, Texas $6,164,572 0.0% 99.3%
193 Van Zandt County, Texas $6,144,778 0.0% 99.3%
195 Coke County, Texas $5,726,208 0.0% 99.4%
196 Hardin County, Texas $5,460,285 0.0% 99.4%
197 Cherokee County, Texas $5,373,953 0.0% 99.4%
199 Dimmit County, Texas $4,938,296 0.0% 99.5%
200 Lampasas County, Texas $4,692,695 0.0% 99.5%
202 Brooks County, Texas $4,484,504 0.0% 99.6%
203 Menard County, Texas $4,170,952 0.0% 99.6%
204 Upshur County, Texas $4,123,311 0.0% 99.6%
205 Stephens County, Texas $3,831,588 0.0% 99.6%
206 Jack County, Texas $3,601,625 0.0% 99.6%
207 Parker County, Texas $3,568,143 0.0% 99.7%
208 Orange County, Texas $3,537,706 0.0% 99.7%
209 Henderson County, Texas $3,410,893 0.0% 99.7%
210 Kimble County, Texas $3,323,590 0.0% 99.7%
211 Rains County, Texas $3,307,085 0.0% 99.7%
212 Sterling County, Texas $3,042,056 0.0% 99.7%
214 Terrell County, Texas $2,773,155 0.0% 99.8%
215 Palo Pinto County, Texas $2,565,851 0.0% 99.8%
216 Irion County, Texas $2,393,006 0.0% 99.8%
217 Hood County, Texas $2,340,164 0.0% 99.8%
218 Webb County, Texas $2,293,418 0.0% 99.8%
219 Kendall County, Texas $2,232,383 0.0% 99.8%
220 Jeff Davis County, Texas $2,224,964 0.0% 99.8%
221 Aransas County, Texas $2,154,674 0.0% 99.8%
222 Kerr County, Texas $1,790,183 0.0% 99.8%
223 Camp County, Texas $1,672,731 0.0% 99.9%
224 Anderson County, Texas $1,626,070 0.0% 99.9%
225 Nacogdoches County, Texas $1,522,937 0.0% 99.9%
226 Comal County, Texas $1,476,297 0.0% 99.9%
227 Titus County, Texas $1,446,951 0.0% 99.9%
228 Grimes County, Texas $1,436,817 0.0% 99.9%
229 Burnet County, Texas $1,435,876 0.0% 99.9%
230 Panola County, Texas $1,423,330 0.0% 99.9%
231 Llano County, Texas $1,298,491 0.0% 99.9%
232 Blanco County, Texas $1,269,600 0.0% 99.9%
233 Jim Hogg County, Texas $1,077,427 0.0% 99.9%
234 Morris County, Texas $1,046,182 0.0% 99.9%
235 McMullen County, Texas $1,033,359 0.0% 99.9%
236 Ward County, Texas $907,805 0.0% 99.9%
237 $894,066 0.0% 99.9%
238 Bandera County, Texas $850,736 0.0% 99.9%
239 Somervell County, Texas $832,871 0.0% 100.0%
240 Rusk County, Texas $826,745 0.0% 100.0%
241 Real County, Texas $812,519 0.0% 100.0%
242 Harrison County, Texas $749,884 0.0% 100.0%
243 Brewster County, Texas $609,143 0.0% 100.0%
244 Smith County, Texas $586,348 0.0% 100.0%
245 $526,088 0.0% 100.0%
246 Madison County, Texas $523,613 0.0% 100.0%
247 Leon County, Texas $516,355 0.0% 100.0%
248 Cass County, Texas $487,408 0.0% 100.0%
249 Freestone County, Texas $435,809 0.0% 100.0%
250 Presidio County, Texas $422,654 0.0% 100.0%
251 Walker County, Texas $414,964 0.0% 100.0%
252 Montgomery County, Texas $414,390 0.0% 100.0%
254 Shelby County, Texas $389,808 0.0% 100.0%
255 Maverick County, Texas $388,190 0.0% 100.0%
256 Zapata County, Texas $298,640 0.0% 100.0%
257 Ector County, Texas $280,323 0.0% 100.0%
258 Angelina County, Texas $214,215 0.0% 100.0%
259 Crane County, Texas $205,178 0.0% 100.0%
260 San Augustine County, Texas $152,817 0.0% 100.0%
261 Jasper County, Texas $124,149 0.0% 100.0%
262 Marion County, Texas $106,779 0.0% 100.0%
263 Polk County, Texas $99,900 0.0% 100.0%
264 Newton County, Texas $92,867 0.0% 100.0%
265 San Jacinto County, Texas $63,689 0.0% 100.0%
266 Trinity County, Texas $51,983 0.0% 100.0%
267 Tyler County, Texas $41,263 0.0% 100.0%
268 Gregg County, Texas $15,789 0.0% 100.0%
269 Winkler County, Texas $11,986 0.0% 100.0%
270 Sabine County, Texas $5,357 0.0% 100.0%
271 Loving County, Texas $1,221 0.0% 100.0%
272 Kenedy County, Texas $2 0.0% 100.0%


text:
Q: show text in textview by pointwise in android I want to show string in textview by pointwise . To be more precise , I want to show the text as described in the following image in an textview .

How can I do that ? Can you tell an way to show the text in the above image in textview in android ?

A: See this page to added bulleted lists: How to add bulleted list to android application?
Also, this page may be helpful: How do I add a bullet symbol in TextView?
All you need to do is add a HTML Character: http://xahlee.info/js/html_chars.html

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