Certification which is appropriate to the applicant's specialty practice by an American Surgical Specialty Board which is a member of the American Board of Medical Specialties, or an American Osteopathic Surgical Specialty Board, or an appropriate specialty certification by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.
A full and unrestricted license to practice medicine in the respective state or province with no reportable action pending which could adversely affect the status of that licensure.
One year of surgical practice after the completion of all formal training is required.
A current appointment on the surgical staff of the applicant's primary hospital with no reportable action pending that could adversely affect staff privileges at that or any other health care facility.
A current surgical practice that establishes the applicant as a specialist in surgery.
A physician who have primary independent responsibility for the surgical treatment of patients.
Ethical fitness as well as professional proficiency. This determination is based upon information obtained from Fellows who were consulted as references and from other sources.
Interest in pursuing professional excellence both as an individual surgeon and a member of the surgical community. Such interest may be evidenced by membership in local, regional, and national surgical societies; participation in teaching programs and on hospital committees; continuing medical education through attendance at professional meetings, courses, and lbiseminars.
Schedule a Free Consultation with Dr. Silberg Today!
You can get more information or schedule your free consultation with Dr. Silberg by calling our office at (707) 528-0911 or submitting our online form today!


The right enterprise file sharing software makes collaboration easy.
When collaboration is the cornerstone of your business, choosing your enterprise file sharing software is a mission-critical decision.
Above all else, your content collaboration software must be secure. Whether you're sharing intellectual property, future business plans, confidential customer information, business financials or other highly sensitive data, you need to be certain your documents don't fall into the wrong hands. To that end, your secure document sharing must let users revoke access to sensitive data as business relationships change.
Your enterprise file sharing software must also be easy to use. Anything less than an absolutely seamless experience will slow your users down and hinder productivity.
Intralinks VIA® is a cloud-based enterprise file sharing software solution that enables simple, secure collaboration across networks and geographies. Safely collaborate and share with anyone, anywhere, on any device, and use Intralinks UNshare™ to instantly revoke file access when necessary.
Schedule a demo of Intralinks' enterprise file sharing software.
Seamless collaboration: enterprise file sharing software from Intralinks.
Intralinks' enterprise file sharing software provides a centralized platform for sharing documents and collaborating with colleagues, partners, vendors, regulators and other contacts. From simple file sync and share to collaborative team workspaces and large-scale virtual data rooms, Intralinks provides all the tools you need to collaborate seamlessly and securely.
Our system is the most secure enterprise file sharing software available. Every document uploaded to the Intralinks platform is automatically encrypted, so documents remain protected no matter where they are stored, where they travel or what systems they reside in. Throughout its 20 years in business, Intralinks has been committed to highest levels of data security, providing clients with the means to collaborate safely, confidently and productively, from anywhere, on any device. That's part of the reason that 99% of the global Fortune 1000 companies have entrusted Intralinks with their most sensitive documents. From legal document management and safety document distribution to post-merger integration and syndicated lending, Intralinks can equip any company, in any industry, with secure file sharing and collaboration.
Collaborate freely: Share files with anyone and access documents from desktops, web browsers and mobile devices.
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Increase security: Implement a secure DropBox alternative, and put an end to employee use of risky, consumer-grade file sharing services.
Learn more about enterprise file sharing software from Intralinks, and see why we outperform other virtual deal room providers.


Are you searching for home insurance coverage in Burlington, PA? Enter your Zip Code to compare the best options available nearby. Comparing multiple quotes is the best way to save money on your homeowners coverage in Bradford county.
Have you been asked by your mortgage lender to get homeowners insurance? Did you just purchase your first home and understand the value of insuring it but don't know what type of coverage to buy? If so, here is some information to help you get the Burlington, Pennsylvania homeowners insurance you need.
Each house operator ought to have residence owners insurance policy. Residence owners insurance coverage include your house in the event that any residence harming incidents must take place. Most house owners insurance policies guidelines go over fire harm, theft, vandalism and other situations. The adhering to write-up offers thorough guidelines about property owners insurance policy that anyone can use.
Decrease your homeowner's insurance by searching for insurance coverage organizations that provide discount rates to consumers who have a number of insurance policies. A lot of insurance policy firms offer you special discounts of up to ten percent or much more, so be certain to store all around until finally you discover the very best deal. This can allow you to help save on two or a lot more various policy rates.
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Conserve on homeowner's insurance by putting in additional smoke detectors. Smoke detectors are needed in most new homes, nonetheless voluntarily installing them in more mature homes or installing further detectors in a new house can get you more discounts. Not only is this a sensible financial determination, but it is one that could preserve the life of you or your beloved ones.
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A security method can aid preserve you considerably money concerning your insurance fees. This will not only give you peace of thoughts, it will also save you funds on your insurance coverage premiums. The significantly less threat you are, the decrease your top quality will be. You will ultimately conserve adequate on premiums to shell out for considerably, or even or all, of the protection technique.
Document all of your valuables and keep the photographs or videos of the things that you want coated beneath your residence insurance coverage, in a fireproof lockbox. This will shield your documents and make filing a assert for the lacking or wrecked objects with your residence insurance policies company, simpler and faster.
Acquiring a house owner's plan is a necessity, specifically if you will be financing your residence acquire. The approach can be perplexing even so, and navigating the insurance business, at times proves difficult. In this post, we have provided you with a handful of suggestions that should support you in producing your variety. Stick to these suggestions to simplify the method of purchasing your up coming residence owner's insurance coverage plan.


Earlier this year, I took part in the launch of the Co-wheels community car club in the city.
Co-wheels is a social enterprise that provides a public access car club and has a Dundee fleet of 15 vehicles, including low emission, hybrid and electric cars and a vehicle suitable for wheelchair use.
Earlier today, I took part in the new Dundee fleet launch of the Co-wheels community car club that took place in the City Square.
Co-wheels is a public access car club that is run as a social enterprise and now has a Dundee fleet of 15 vehicles, including low emission, hybrid and electric cars and a vehicle suitable for wheelchair use.
It's a really exciting initiative that allows local people to use a pay-as-you-go car club where you can get access to a vehicle as and when you need a car.


text:
Q: In react native, How to make function in Component to global? Main javascript soure code like this,
import React from 'react'
import LoadingScreen from './components/LoadingScreen'

import './js/Login'
import './js/XHR'

class App extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);

    this.state = {
      load: false,
    }
  }

  XHRget = async parameter => {
    this.setState({ load: true });

    await XHR.send(parameter)
      .then(result => {
        this.setState({ load: false });
        console.log(result);
      });
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <View>
        <LoginScreen />
        <LoadingScreen load={this.state.load}></LoadingScreen>
      </View>
    );
  }
}

export default App

I create XHRget() in App.js for control the 'LoadingScreen' component.
XHR.js has two functions. 1) create and return XMLHttpRequest funciton called create() and 2) get data from server function called send().
And now, I want call the function XHRget() from login() in Login.js but, I don't know how to call.
How can I call the function XHRget() from another js file?

A: Create a new file with what ever name you like and put the function inside then export it.
ex.
export const XHRget = async (parent,parameter) =>
{
   parent.setState({load: true});
   await XHR.send(parameter)
         .then(result => {
             parent.setState({load: false});
             console.log(result);
             });
}

Remember to pass in this when calling it

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Xen on QEMU with arm64 architecture Hello and thank you for reading and appreciated for reply.
Firstly, I'm trying to run xen on qemu of aarch64.
(based on this link: Xen ARM with Virtualization Extensions/qemu-system-aarch64)
I'm following their steps:
QEMU

*

*git clone https://github.com/qemu/qemu.git

*cd qemu

*./configure --target-list=aarch64-softmmu

*make

LINUX

*

*git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git

*cd linux;

*make ARCH=arm64 defconfig

*make ARCH=arm64

And downloaded (xenial-server-cloudimg-arm64-uefi1.img)file
I'm not sure but this consist of ubuntu window manager and root file system.
and I executed it with this command:
./aarch64-softmmu/qemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt,gic_version=3 -machine virtualization=true \
-cpu cortex-a57 -machine type=virt -nographic \
-smp 4 -m 4000 \
-bios QEMU_EFI.fd \
-kernel ../linux/arch/arm64/boot/Image --append "console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/vda1" \
-device virtio-blk-device,drive=cloud \
-drive if=none,id=cloud,file=cloud.img \
-netdev user,id=hostnet0,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22, \
-device virtio-net-device,netdev=hostnet0,mac=7c:4c:58:aa:bb:cc \
-drive if=none,file=./ubuntu-16.04-server-cloudimg-arm64-uefi1.img,id=hd0 \
-device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0

But the log said can't connect to remote server with timeout error like below
[   74.343928] cloud-init[2872]: Cloud-init v. 17.2 running 'init' at Sun, 18 Mar 2018 13:21:21 +0000. Up 70.18 seconds.
[   74.360950] cloud-init[2872]: ci-info: +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Net device info+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
[   74.370544] cloud-init[2872]: ci-info: +--------+------+-----------+---------------+-------+-------------------+
[   74.380874] cloud-init[2872]: ci-info: | Device |  Up  |  Address  |      Mask     | Scope |     Hw-Address    |
[   74.389738] cloud-init[2872]: ci-info: +--------+------+-----------+---------------+-------+-------------------+
[   74.396842] cloud-init[2872]: ci-info: |  eth0  | True | 10.0.2.15 | 255.255.255.0 |   .   | 7c:4c:58:aa:bb:cc |
[   74.404825] cloud-init[2872]: ci-info: |   lo   | True | 127.0.0.1 |   255.0.0.0   |   .   |         .         |
[   74.412704] cloud-init[2872]: ci-info: +--------+------+-----------+---------------+-------+-------------------+
[   74.420938] cloud-init[2872]: ci-info: +++++++++++++++++++++++++++Route IPv4 info++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
[   74.428823] cloud-init[2872]: ci-info: +-------+-------------+----------+---------------+-----------+-------+
[   74.436617] cloud-init[2872]: ci-info: | Route | Destination | Gateway  |    Genmask    | Interface | Flags |
[   74.443257] cloud-init[2872]: ci-info: +-------+-------------+----------+---------------+-----------+-------+
[   74.452548] cloud-init[2872]: ci-info: |   0   |   0.0.0.0   | 10.0.2.2 |    0.0.0.0    |    eth0   |   UG  |
[   74.463257] cloud-init[2872]: ci-info: |   1   |   10.0.2.0  | 0.0.0.0  | 255.255.255.0 |    eth0   |   U   |
[   74.471838] cloud-init[2872]: ci-info: +-------+-------------+----------+---------------+-----------+-------+
[   74.479500] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:21:25,421 - util.py[WARNING]: Failed to mount /dev/vdb when looking for data
[  138.569825] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:22:30,717 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/instance-id' failed [50/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='169.254.169.254', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /2009-04-04/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c7f160>, 'Connection to 169.254.169.254 timed out. (connect timeout=50.0)'))]
[  189.786504] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:23:21,935 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/instance-id' failed [101/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='169.254.169.254', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /2009-04-04/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c7fa20>, 'Connection to 169.254.169.254 timed out. (connect timeout=50.0)'))]
[  207.900481] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:23:40,049 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/instance-id' failed [119/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='169.254.169.254', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /2009-04-04/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c7f160>, 'Connection to 169.254.169.254 timed out. (connect timeout=17.0)'))]
[  208.914300] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:23:41,063 - DataSourceEc2.py[CRITICAL]: Giving up on md from ['http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/instance-id'] after 120 seconds
[  208.995647] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:23:41,145 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [0/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c852e8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  210.064653] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:23:42,214 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [1/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c85b38>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  211.161695] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:23:43,303 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [2/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c90390>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  212.241265] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:23:44,390 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [3/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c85630>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  213.396955] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:23:45,546 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [4/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c85160>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  214.495438] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:23:46,645 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [5/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c7f4e0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  216.541258] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:23:48,691 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [7/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c64a20>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  218.645417] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:23:50,788 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [9/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95cd2e48>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  220.701322] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:23:52,851 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [11/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c64d68>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  222.800916] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:23:54,950 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [13/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c85518>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  224.850466] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:23:57,000 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [15/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c7f6d8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  227.905821] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:24:00,055 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [18/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c7f1d0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  230.953855] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:24:03,103 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [21/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95d0a828>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  234.007530] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:24:06,157 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [25/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c903c8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  237.090453] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:24:09,240 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [28/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c7f940>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  240.227486] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:24:12,377 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [31/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c7f2e8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  244.311160] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:24:16,461 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [35/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c85908>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  248.425760] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:24:20,570 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [39/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c85320>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  252.534920] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:24:24,684 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [43/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c90ac8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  256.674674] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:24:28,824 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [47/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c85c88>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  260.784644] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:24:32,934 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [51/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95d0a470>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  265.869920] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:24:38,019 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [56/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c7fc18>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  270.951255] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:24:43,101 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [61/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c90978>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  276.043882] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:24:48,193 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [67/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c982e8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  281.125792] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:24:53,274 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [72/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95cd2f28>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  286.179019] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:24:58,329 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [77/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c7f9b0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  292.303581] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:25:04,453 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [83/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c7f3c8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  298.392595] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:25:10,542 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [89/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c85588>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  304.443325] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:25:16,592 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [95/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c980b8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  310.550892] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:25:22,700 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [101/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c64c88>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  316.657441] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:25:28,806 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [107/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c850b8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  323.799922] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:25:35,950 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [114/120s]: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.2.2', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /latest/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xffff95c7f860>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))]
[  330.829794] cloud-init[2872]: 2018-03-18 13:25:42,967 - DataSourceCloudStack.py[CRITICAL]: Giving up on waiting for the metadata from ['http://10.0.2.2/latest/meta-data/instance-id'] after 121 seconds

and I don't know ID, PW. and also I found that with cloud-init, usually people login with ssh in another console. but always say
Permission denied (publickey).

Is there anybody solve this problem?

*

*How to login to linux?

*Is there any better way to run xen on qemu of aarch64?

A: The cloud-init may try a few times before it time out, and you can login to the bash after that time.
When you login the linux you can skip the cloud init next time by this command "touch /etc/cloud/cloud-init.disabled", and the follow the next procedure to install xen.
But when the xen is installed, I didn't find how to install the xen toolstack yet.


text:
Q: Sed replace character tab delimited csv I am very new to shell scripting and having issue replacing character of tab delimited csv.
I want to convert the csv to text file and  change the delimiter from tab to ~ , i tried below code but the delimiter turns out different some like japanese char+" instead of ~.
sed 's/\t/\"\~\"/g' test.csv > test.txt
Appreciate your help.. thanks in advance

A: If it's char for char, use tr:
cat test.csv | tr '\t' '~' > test.txt

A: Use iconv to change encoding to UTF-8:
iconv -f utf-16 -t utf-8 < test.csv | sed 's/\t/"~"/g' > test.txt

" and ~ can go unescaped.


text:
Q: How does resource cost reduction (%) work with skills that spend "all remaining resource"? There are a number of items that reduce the resource costs of various skills. For example a 20% resource cost reduction to the Ancient Spear skill (Barbarian) would make the skill cost 20 Fury rather than 25 Fury. This seems fairly straight forward.
Ancient Spear can be runed with "Boulder Toss" which then makes the skill spend "all remaining fury to deal 20% weapon damage per fury spent" in an AOE. If you save up your default maximum of 100 Fury and then cast Ancient Spear with the Boulder Toss rune you deal 2000% weapon damage to your target and every enemy unfortunate enough to be standing in his vicinity. Pretty cool and again fairly straight forward. But wait...what happens when you mix the resource cost reduction with the skill that says "spend all the resource"?
Is the resource cost reduction stat ignored?
Does the skill deal more damage?
Is there some other way it works that I haven't thought of?

A: After killing everything in The Weeping Hollow with just the boulder throw, with and without fury reduction, I concluded that there is no difference in damage either way.
I would love to be proven wrong, but from what I see, if you're using boulder throw, resource cost reduction is a wasted stat for you.


text:
Warner's Random Hacking Blog
A Diary of Warner's Hacking Projects and other random thoughts
Recovering 2.11BSD, fighting the patches
2.11BSD was released March 14, 1991 to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the PDP-11. It was released 15 months after 2.10.1BSD was released in January 1989.
2.11BSD was quite the ambitious release. The high points include:
The kernel logger (/dev/klog)
The namei cache and argument encapsulation calling sequence
readv(2)/writev(2) as system calls rather than emulation/compatibility routines
Shadow password file implementation (the May 1989 4.3BSD update)
A TMSCP (TK50/TU81) driver with standalone support (bootblock and standalone driver)
Pronet and LH/DH IMP networking support
The portable ascii archive file format (ar, ranlib)
The Unibus Mapping Register (UMR) handling of the network was rewritten to avoid allocating excessive UMRs.
The necessary mods to the IP portion of the networking were made to allow traceroute (which is present in 2.11BSD) to run.
Long filenames in the file system
In addition to a completely new syscall setup. Item 10 required a full new install with restoring from a back up tape. Item #7 would be a thorn in my side.
However, following on the heels of 2.10.1BSD as quickly as it did, there's a number of changes that followed quickly after the release. So, by November of 1994 195 patches had been released for the tree. Well, there were more patches than that (patches 2 and 3 had several parts, and my work has uncovered a number of hidden patches along the way, but more about those later).
The Problem(s)
Well, if we have patch 195, and all 195 patches, what's the problem? Why can't you do a simple for loop and patch -R to get back to original? And for that matter, why were no copies of the original saved?
Turns out the root of both of these problems can be summarized as 'resource shortage'. Back in the day when this was released, 100MB disks were large. The release came on 2 mag tapes that held 40MB each. Saving a copy of these required a substantial amount of space. And it was more important to have the latest release, not the original release, for running the system. It was more efficient and better anyway.
In addition to small disk space, these small systems were connected via USENET or UUCP. These connections tended to be slow. Coupled with the small size of the storage on the PDP-11s running 2.11BSD, the patches weren't what we think of as modern patches. The patches started before the newer unified diff format was created. That format is much more efficient that the traditional context diffs. In addition, compress(1) was the only thing that could compress things, giving poor compression ratios. The UUCP transport of usenet messages also mean that the messages had to be relatively short. So, this mean that the 'patches' were really an upgrade process, that often included patches. But just as often, it included instructions like this from patch 4:
Apply the patch "/tmp/dif" (multiple files updated by it) and
install the new scripts ":splfix.mfps" and "splfix.movb+mfps".
which included a shar file that needed to be run through /bin/sh (or unshar, if you were lucky). You then needed to follow the instructions, which included patching. Patch 14 illustrates the problem, it includes the instructions that say to run /tmp/c created by the shar. It looks like this:
#! /bin/sh -v
cd /usr/src/usr.bin
rm lint/*
zcat PORT/lint.tar.Z | tar xf -
cd lint
rm :yyfix llib-*
cp -p /tmp/libs libs
So this is a very efficient way to remove files. Often the diffs were larger than the original files, so it was more efficient to remove and replace. But this presents two problems: what files were there before? And even in this case, what files were removed? These operations were not uncommon, and destroyed information. It's a bit like running the sausage mill backwards to rebuild the pig.
Another problem for this project is phantom patches in the first 80 patches. A number of changes appear only in the patches that come with the catch-up kit. These aren't a surprise, as a number of patches going backwards had unexpected slight line number anomalies in them. After patch 80, patch generation appears to be better managed, but at the time of this writing, the author hasn't tried to reapply all the patches to get back to the p195 tape from the reconstructed release tape. The author also has not audited the comp.bugs.2bsd mailing list between the March 1991 release and the November 1994 p195 tape. Given the surprises so far (tftp and tftpd were updated in May 1991, patches were posted in comp.bugs.2bsd, but no formal patch was released and this change does appear in the catch-up patches), additional discoveries like this cannot be ruled out.
Taken at face value it's hopeless. There's no way to definitively reconstruct the lost information. But there's some glimmers of home. First, there weren't a lot of files deleted like this. lint, pcc, ld, ranlib and a few others were removed. However, what's missing can be rather critical. Next, we have both the prior release (2.10.1BSD). A good first approximation of what is there in the release will be what's in the last release. Many files aren't changed often in the 2BSD. So we have some data present there, even if some was destroyed.
There were also a number of patches. These can provide data about the missing files. There's all the patches in the 2.11BSD series, as well as a number of patches posted to comp.bugs.2bsd after 2.10.1BSD was released. We know from the release notes that these were included in the 2.11BSD release.
Next, we have 4.2BSD, 4.3BSD and even 4.4BSD and the SCCS files that go along with them. This means that we can see changes that were going on in the 4BSD series, and we know much code came from there in 2.11BSD, both before and after the release.
Next, we have dates. We are fortunate that all the files are dated in the tree. This means we have a way of testing if we've missed anything in our reconstruction. If we reconstruct something that's dated after the release of 2.11BSD, we have a very good reason to believe that we've missed something.
There was a catch-up kit that was produced around patch 80. It contained a number of commands to re-removed what should have been removed, as well patch everything up. This gives us a second way of checking: can we apply this kit to get to patch 80? Does it work? And if we replay the individual patches we should get the same thing. And it should be the same as we got unapplying the patches back from 195. A word of caution: as with all other things around this project, we must always be open to the possibility of a mistake in the catch-up kit. There are at least a few files that it tries to remove that aren't necessarily there.
Finally, we know that the system was released as binaries. Which means that the system built. So we can test the reconstruction by compiling it. We should be able to build the final system. But we need to do that with the final system, so some way must be found to bootstrap it for this test. I'll talk more about that in another blog.
The Slog Backward
The slog backwards proceeded with fits and starts. For the first 20 or so patches (that is patch 177-195), it was fairly straight forward. I was able to use them to develop the framework to proceed. It wasn't until I hit the a.out binary format changes that I had problems (the first, looking back, of these is 176).
The Framework
I settled on a fairly simple framework going backwards. There are three types of patches in the archive. First, there are the pure patches. These have a simple patch set to apply, and maybe some verbal description of commands to run. Often, these commands were just the minimal amount to rebuild so you didn't have to suffer through a day's long compile. Sometimes, they included sneaky instructions. The patches 89-99 all contain the following text:
The /GENALLSYS script is obsolete and has been removed
so in addition to applying the patches, the script needed to be removed. To complicate things, some patches were generated from the root directory, while others were generated in the leaf node. To this end when the script detects a simple patch it tries to locate a hints/patch#.setup script. If one is found, then that script is sourced. Setup scripts are expected to be idempotent so we can reuse them for the forward trip. They all do a cd to where the patch was generated from. After the setup, if any, the mk211bsd script will apply the patch.
However, when there's other things to do, that won't work. So, there's a second way to assist. If there's a hints/patch#.unpatch, then that will be run and it is responsible for moving the patch backwards. About 20 patches need this assistance. For example, patch 118 replaces ucb/Mail with a port from 4.3. So, I need to reconstruct what was there. In this case, I copy the ucb/Mail files from 2.10.1 and then check for patches in comp.bugs.2bsd (there aren't any) and in the patch stream (patch 10 tweaks it). So, I have to reapply all those patches in the unpatch script.
The second type of file is the shar file. Here, one has to run the shar file through /bin/sh (or unshar) and use the extracted files to do something. Often times there's a short script to run and a patch to apply, but other times it's more complicated. In these cases, you must provide an hints/patch#.unshar file. This file takes care of unsharing things, and running whatever you need to do to unapply it. This varies a lot. In some cases, you extract a patch (or set of patches) and reverse apply them. In other cases, you need to remove files. In still others you need to snag them from 2.10.1 and touch them up (like we did for ucb/Mail).
The final type is a tar ball. These files are treated like patches, with the usual unpatch protocol. However, the unpatch program script has to know how the tar file encoded its patches.
Interesting Patches
There's 195 patches (and a few sub-patches). Describing all of them would be quite tedious. Only about 80 hints are needed (and a few additional files for reconstructed fixups). I'll describe some of the more interesting ones briefly here. Most of the interesting ones are in the last 50 or so. And by interesting, I mean ones that destroyed information such that it had to be reconstructed or that otherwise affected the reconstruction.
Patch 185 replaces m4, so we have to snag the one from 2.10.1BSD to replace it, as well as unapply a patch in the shar file. Patch 115 did a fixup on the Makefile, so we have to reapply it so that patch 115 will unapply correctly.
Patch 184 fixes the makefiles to use pipelines instead of temporary files now that the assembler can cope with pipelines. At the same time, it removed a few obsolete compatibility system calls that need to be added back from 2.10.1BSD. Adding them back messes up the directory times, which make depends on, so workarounds have to be deployed in build2.sh, the bootstrap script (make in 2.11BSD assumes times in the future mean the directory is up to date and doesn't need to be rebuilt, while newer makes will ignore that time and descend into the directory always).
Patch 180 updates symcompact.c and strcompact.c by replacing them entirely. These files weren't in 2.10.1BSD, but came in with patch 172, so needed to be recovered from there. It also adds symdump.c which needs to be removed. There's no data loss here, but it illustrates the need to look at all the patches to see what might need to be recovered (and what doesn't).
Patch 178 removes an unused header, and fixes up another one. The headers were resynchronized in patch 175, so a small fixup is needed here. Need to investigate this, and other 'fixup' patches. One unknown is whether 2.11BSD shipped with the unsynchronized /usr/include and /usr/src/include or not. The reconstruction tries to get the right ones in each place, but uses the /usr/include ones as the ones in /usr/src/include when we can't otherwise reconstruct.
Patches 158-176 remove the 8 character limit to symbol names in programs. These are quite disruptive, but for the most part just large patches. ranlib(1) was grabbed from 2.10.1 and patched to cope with the new archive format to undo these patches. ld(1) needed similar work (and once I started rebuilding things, I had to fix so it would compile). It also needed some fixes from comp.bugs.2bsd. Initially, I'd kept them separate, but I eventually needed to merge them together. ranlib(1) and ld(1) represent the largest effort in retro-programming to reconstruct (code was cut and pasted from other programs that survived and minimally changed to be functionally correct).
Patches 151 and 152 rework the assembler. A number of patches to as were posted to comp.bugs.2bsd that needed to be applied to 2.10.1's assembler to make things work out. A couple of minor tweaks were needed after all these changes were applied, though, to make the patches work out.
Patch 142 unapplied the patch, but then needs to unapply changes to all the kernel config files. This a recurring issue for the generated files, so some fancy scripting is needed to apply them to all the kernel config directories. Patches 124, 121, 93 (which has to remove some directories), 84, 83, 72, 42, 36, 4, and 2. There's a number of issues with patching the kernel, not least was that overlay structures were often hacked on the fly and preserving them is hard. The restoration has only tried to get GENERIC and possibly KAZOO kernel configs correct, and the others it has largely ignored. I'll do a full blog on all the issues to detail what is or isn't recovered.
Patch 132 brings in named, so it needed to be recovered from 2.10.1, plus patches from patch 106.
Patch 123 is actually missing a part. It updates the documentation for how to install the system. This means we need to apply some kind if fixup. But all we know for sure is the SCCS id changed, so that's all we fix up. If I find more data to support other changes, I'll update to include that, but so far nothing has surfaced.
Patch 118 replaces ucb/Mail with the one from 4.3BSD. Revert to 2.10.1BSD's version and apply a patch from patch 10. There's no publicly posted patches to 2.10.1BSD for ucb/Mail.
Patch 80 is the catch-up kit patch. A lot of files were added from USENET. Undoing it is straight forward, making it go forward will tough, but we have the files at least. This is both a blessing and a curse to the project. On the one hand, we have a second way of cross checking things. On the other, the cross checks reveal many problems, including updated kermit being missing entirely (though, to be fair, /usr/src/new and /usr/src/local weren't considered part of the system until patch 195, so prior to that patches to this part of the tree were irregular).
Patch 40 is an announcement of corrupt files in the original release in /usr/games. I've chosen to restore them to what was intended for the original tape.
Patch 17 massively reworked pcc. It's not quite right in the reconstruction yet, however, since the 'redo catch-up kit' test fails to delete some expected files, what shipped in 2.11BSD isn't quite right. It may never be right, and that may not matter since it didn't work anyway.
Patch 14 fixes lint. It was totally broken in 2.11 (but worked in 2.10.1). Undoing it may also be incorrect for a similar reason as patch 17. Since neither one of these worked, it may be quite hard to know what 2.11 shipped with. A case could be made, though, that it doesn't matter...
Patch 2 removed tmscpboot.s. The rest of the patch undoes easily, but tmscpboot.s was new in 2.11BSD. We know it is derived from tkboot.s which comes from Ultrix-11, but I've not yet been able to tweak it to work yet...
At this point, I've reconstructed a possible release tape. A series of them, actually. All of them fail the tests set forth above (though in fewer and fewer ways each iteration). I'm able to use the different tests to suggest fixes. I've recovered 5 lost patches (which I write about elsewhere). There's at least 5 more I believe based on the attempts to apply the catch-up kit. I discovered the first 5 based entirely on bad dates. The current reconstruction is decent (maybe 30-40 files still aren't quiet right, and a similar number are reconstructions that work, but it's impossible to know if they are missing bug fixes). The tmscpboot stuff is still missing, and there's a number of minor fixups that need to be reconciled with the known missing patches. All very careful, detailed work, so it may be some time to work through them.
Posted by Warner Losh at 11:56 AM
Labels: 2.11BSD, 2BSD, BSD, unix
How to transport a branch from one git tree to ano...
A 35-year-old bug in patch found in efforts to res...
Bootstrapping 2.11BSD (no patches) from 2.11BSD pl...
Missing 2.11BSD patches
Warner Losh
Warner Losh has been interested in computers since a very early age. He got his degree from a small school in the middle of New Mexico where he used 4.2BSD on the VAX 11/750. He's done a little GUI work, and a lot of kernel work in BSD, Solaris and even Linux. He became interested in the MIPS architecture when he was given a Deskstation rPC44 in 1994 and has wanted a FreeBSD MIPS port ever since then. In the mean time, he's amused himself and his employers by writing or improving FreeBSD's PC Card, CardBus, USB, SD/MMC, PCI and device configuration subsystems. He's embedded FreeBSD into products for the past 9 years. He serves on the FreeBSD core team and has specialized in handling "problem children" in the FreeBSD project and sorting out the complexity of open source software licensing. In the past 8 years, he's worked in the high precision time and frequency domain. He delivered systems that are used to montior the cesium clocks at NIST and USNO; used to recover UTC from GPS satellites; and used to synchronize digital video broadcasting stations. These systems were a mix of C++ user level code, kernel device drivers and specialized "timing" hardware.
Ad Sense context

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
By Stephen Humphries
Fire at nuclear reservation sparks questions of safety
Richard Hughes, a lecturer and consultant on radiation safety with High-Rez Diagnostics, in Placerville, Calif., talked to the Monitor about safety precautions in light of the recent wildfire that swept Hanford Nuclear Reservation in Richland, Wash.
Did reports that the wildfire might lead to radiation release exaggerate the danger?
You can have fires so severe, so hot, affecting in some way metal and concrete structures, perhaps, but this is really far out. These materials - whatever building they're stored in - are stored in containers that are not flammable..., or [the] materials [are] buried underground where the fire cannot affect it.
How does Hanford rate in other safety areas?
The cleanup in Hanford is the worst [most challenging] in the nation, to the best of my knowledge. There are structures that have objects in them that can only be dismantled via robots because the radiation levels are too high for any human to enter.
What did we learn from the Three-Mile Island accident?
They did evaluations of the radiation in adjoining counties by shooting deer and taking their tongues - where the radioactive material tends to concentrate - and measuring the level.... There were no elevated radiation levels. In fact, the radiation levels were, in some cases, stated to be lower than areas very remote from there.
What are common misunderstandings about radiation?
My wife and I laugh every time we drive through a relatively small city. Where it says city limit, there will be a sign up saying "Nuclear-free zone." We know what they mean, of course, that they don't want to have reactors in that city. But all of those cities have radioactive materials in their hospitals for what we call nuclear imaging. Any town that has a research facility is going to have some radioactive materials.
Hanford nuclear tank in Washington State is leaking liquids
Tunnel collapse at Washington State nuclear site raises latest radioactive waste safety concerns
Former Manhattan Project nuclear plant leaking radioactive waste


text:
void bip39_gen_mnemonic(char* out, void* data);

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Formagraft® Bone Graft Substitute is comprised of highly purified type I collagen and hydroxyapatite /β-tricalcium phosphate granules. It functions as an osteogenic stimulus to which the patient's bone marrow may be added prior to implantation. The bone graft mimics the composition of natural bone and is biocompatible. Formagraft® Bone Graft Substitute provides an osteoconductive environment for new bone formation. When coated with autogenous bone marrow, the osteoinductive and osteogenic properties of Formagraft® Bone Graft Substitute enable it to be used as a substitute for autograft, thus eliminating the need for second site surgery and its associated attendant morbidity, harvesting-related complications and pain.


text:
Buddha Shakyamuni
Revision as of 04:53, 8 January 2006 by Sherabzangpo (talk | contribs) (→Teachings)
Shakyamuni Buddha (sangs rgyas sha kya thub pa) was a spiritual teacher who was born in Lumbini, a place situated in modern Nepal. He spent most of his time in Northern India, approximately 563 BCE to 483 BCE, preaching his knowledge. Born as Siddhartha Gautama (Sanskrit: "descendant of Gautama whose aims are achieved / who achieves aims effectively") he became "the Buddha" after embarking on a quest for spiritual meaning. He is universally recognised by Buddhists as the Supreme Buddha (literally Enlightened One or Awakened One) of our age. He is also commonly known as Shakyamuni or Śakyamuni ("sage of the Shakya clan") and as the Tathagata ("thus-come-one").
Gautama is the key figure in Buddhism, and accounts of his life, discourses, and monastic rules were summarized after his death and memorized by the sangha. Passed down by oral tradition, the Tripitaka was committed to writing about four hundred years later.
1 Buddha's life
1.1 Conception and birth
1.2 Marriage
1.3 The Great Departure
1.4 Enlightenment
1.5 The Great Passing
2 Personality and character
3 Physical characteristics
Buddha's life
Few of the details of the Buddha's life can be independently verified, and it is difficult to determine what is history and what is myth. Therefore this article will describe the life of Siddhartha Gautama as told in the earliest available Buddhist texts.
Conception and birth
Siddhartha Gautama was born in Lumbini, what is now situated in Nepal, under the full moon of the sixth lunar month, in the spring. His father was Suddhodana, a King among the Kshatriya caste. His mother was Maya Devi, one of Suddhodana's wives. The day of the Buddha's birth is widely celebrated in Buddhist countries as Vesak. Gautama was born a prince, destined to a life of luxury.
According to legend, before his birth, Gautama had visited his mother during a vision, taking the form of a white elephant. During the birth celebrations, a seer announced that this baby would either become a great king or a great holy man. His father, King Suddhodana, wishing for Gautama to be a great king, shielded his son from religious teachings or knowledge of human suffering.
When the young Prince Siddhartha Gautama was still a baby, an ascetic named Kaladevala went into the heaven of the 33 Gods of the Vedas, and predicted that the young prince would become the Buddha. As the boy reached the age of 16, his father arranged his marriage to Yashodhara, a cousin of the same age. In time, she gave birth to a son, Rahula. He lived up to the age of 29 as a prince in Kapilavastu, a place situated now in Nepal. Although his father ensured that Gautama was provided with everything he could want or need, Gautama was constantly troubled and internally dissatisfied.
The Great Departure
Inspired by the four sights, Gautama determined to leave his home, his possessions and his family at age 29. He chose to become a monk.
Abandoning his inheritance, he dedicated his life to learning how to overcome suffering. He pursued the paths of Yoga and meditated with two Brahmin hermits, and although he achieved high levels of meditative consciousness, he was not satisfied with this path.
Gautama then chose the robes of a mendicant monk and headed to north-east India. He began training in the ascetic life and practicing vigorous techniques of physical and mental austerity. Gautama proved adept at these practices, and was able to surpass his teachers.
However, he found no answer to his questions. Leaving behind his teachers, he and a small group of companions set out to take their austerities even further. Gautama attempted to find enlightenment through complete deprivation of worldly goods, including food, and became a complete ascetic. After nearly starving himself to death (some sources claim that he nearly drowned), Gautama began to reconsider his path. Then he remembered a moment in childhood in which he had been watching his father start the season's plowing, and he had fallen into a naturally concentrated and focused state which was blissful and refreshing.
After discarding asceticism and concentrating on meditation, Gautama discovered what Buddhists call the Middle Way—a path of moderation away from the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification. He accepted a little buttermilk from a passing goatherd, Sumedha. Then, sitting under a pipal tree, which is now known as the Bodhi tree, he vowed never to arise until he had found the Truth. At the age of 35, he attained Enlightenment; by some traditions, this occurred in approximately May, and, by others, December. Gautama was from then on known as "The Perfectly Self-Awakened One", the Sammasambuddha.
He stated that he had realized complete Awakening and insight into the nature and cause of human suffering, along with steps necessary to eliminate it. These truths were then catergorised into the Four Noble Truths, and the state of supreme liberation—possible for any being—was called Nirvana.
According to one of the stories in the Āyācana Sutta (Samyutta Nikaya VI.1), a scripture found in the Pāli and other canons, immediately after his Enlightenment, the Buddha was wondering whether or not he should teach the Dharma. He was concerned that, as human beings were overpowered by greed, hatred and delusion, they would not be able to see the true dhamma which was subtle, deep and hard to understand. However, a spirit, Brahma Sahampati, interceded and asked that he teach the dharma to the world, as "there will be those who will understand the Dharma". With his great compassion, the Buddha agreed to become a teacher.
Gautama Buddha preaching at the Deer Park in Sarnath
At the Deer Park near Benares in northern India he set in motion the Wheel of Dhamma by delivering his first sermon to the group of five companions with whom he had previously sought enlightenment. They, together with the Buddha, formed the first Sangha, the company of Buddhist monks.
The Buddha emphasized that he was not a god, he was simply enlightened. He stated that there is no intermediary between mankind and the divine; distant gods are subjected to karma themselves in decaying heavens; and the Buddha is solely a guide and teacher for the sentient beings who must tread the path of Nirvana themselves to attain spiritual awakening and see truth and reality as it is. The Buddhist system of insight, thought, and meditation practice was not revealed divinely, but by the understanding of the true nature of the mind, which could be discovered by anybody.
For the remaining 45 years of his life, the Buddha traveled in the Gangetic Plain of central India, teaching his doctrine and discipline to an extremely diverse range of people—from nobles to street outcaste sweepers, including many adherents of rival philosophies and religions. The Buddha founded the community of Buddhist monks and that of nuns (the Sangha) to continue the dispensation after his Parinibbana or complete Nibbana, and made thousands of converts. His religion was open to all races and classes and had no caste structure. On the other hand, Buddhist texts record that he was reluctant to ordain women as nuns: he eventually accepted them on the grounds that their capacity for enlightenment was equal to that of men, but he gave them certain additional rules (Vinaya) to follow.
The Great Passing
At the age of eighty, the Buddha ate his last meal, which, according to different translations, was either a mushroom delicacy or soft pork, which he had received as an offering from a blacksmith named Cunda. Falling violently ill, possibly from mesenteric infarction, the Buddha realized that his end was approaching fast. He told his attendant Ananda to prepare a bed between two Sal trees at Kushinagar, and then finally passed away. The Buddha's final words were, "All composite things pass away. Strive for your own salvation with diligence."
The Buddha's body was cremated and the relics were placed in monuments or stupas, some of which are believed to have survived until the present.
Personality and character
The Buddha as presented in the Buddhist scriptures is notable for such characteristics as:
A comprehensive education and training in those fields appropriate to a warrior aristocrat, such as martial arts, agricultural management, and literature, and also a deep understanding of the religious and philosophical ideas of his culture.
Athletic and fit throughout his life, competent in martial arts such as chariot combat, wrestling, and archery, and later easily hiking miles each day and camping in the wilderness. (Images of a fat "Jolly Buddha" or Laughing Buddha are actually depictions of either Maitreya, The future Buddha, or a 10th century Chinese monk, sometimes called Hotei, Hoti, or Milefo.)
A superb teacher, with a fine grasp of the appropriate metaphors, and tailoring his teachings to the audience at hand.
Fearless and unworried at all times, whether dealing with religious debators, royalty, or murderous outlaws. He was never past exasperation when monks of his order misrepresented his teachings.
Temperate in all bodily appetites. He lived a completely celibate life from age 29 until his death. He was indifferent to hunger and environmental conditions.
Buddha is perhaps one of the few sages for whom we have mention of his rather impressive physical characteristics. He was at least six feet tall and had a strong enough body to be noticed by one of the Kings and was asked to join his army as a general. Although the Buddha was not represented in human form until around the 1st century CE (see Buddhist art), his physical characteristics are described in one of the central texts of the traditional Pali canon, the Digha Nikaya. They help define the global aspect of the historical Buddha, his physical appearance is described by Buddha's wife to his son Rahula upon Buddha's return in the scripture of the "Lion of Men":
3. Like the full moon is His face; He is dear to Gods and men; He is like an elephant amongst men; His gait is graceful as that of an elephant of noble breed. That, indeed, is your father, lion of men.
4. He is of Aryan (aristocratic nobility) lineage, sprung from the warrior caste; His feet have been honoured by Gods and men; His mind is well established in morality and concentration. That, indeed, is your father, lion of men.
5. Long and prominent is His well-formed nose, His eye-lashes are like those of a heifer; His eyes are extremely blue ; like a rainbow are His deep blue eyebrows. (The word used is "adhi nila", meaning "very blue", nila is used for the word blue sapphire.) That, indeed, is your father, lion of men.
6. Round and smooth is His well-formed neck; His jaw is like that of a lion; His body is like that of king of beast; His beautiful skin is of bright golden colour. That, indeed is your father, lion of men.
Interpretations may vary, and the reliability of the Sutras may be questioned. The description above is indicative of a typically Indo-Aryan body type. This can also be related to the tradition describing the historic Buddha as a member of the Indian Kshatriya warrior caste.
The Buddha's 32 Major Marks as explained by Ju Mipham Rinpoche
The Buddha's 80 Minor Marks as explained by Ju Mipham Rinpoche
The teachings of the Buddha are covered in the articles on Buddhism and Buddhist philosophy. Many Buddhist sects disagree as to what the Buddha actually taught. There seems to be major agreement on these points:
The Four Noble Truths: that suffering is an inherent part of existence; that suffering is caused by attachment(craving); that craving can be ceased; and that following the Eightfold Path will lead to the cessation of craving (and suffering).
http://reluctant-messenger.com/images/noble200x314.gif http://www.maithri.com/goodies/WallPapers/Nobletruths.jpg
The Eightfold Path: right understanding, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.
http://hometown.aol.com/fburggraf/images/8foldpath.gif http://brian.hoffert.faculty.noctrl.edu/TEACHING/EightfoldPath.gif
The law of dependent causation: that events are not predestined, For are they random, but that events are caused by the actions that preceded them.
http://worldtrans.org/CyberSangha/TXT-GEN/WHEEL.GIF
Rejection of the infallibility of accepted scripture: teachings should not be accepted unless they are borne out by our experiences.
Anicca : That all things are impermanent.
Anatta: That the perception of a constant "self" is an illusion.
http://facultyfiles.deanza.edu/images/cafarellisusan2/BuddhasInsight2002.jpg http://www.kktanhp.com/Art-36-Fig-1&-2.jpg
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A sketch of the Buddha's Life
Critical Resources: Buddha & Buddhism
Pictures and selected quotes
The Emaciated Gandharan Buddha Images: Asceticism, Health, and the Body
The Lalitavistara
This article is licensed under the [Free Documentation License]. It uses material from the [article "Shakyamuni Buddha"]
Retrieved from "http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php?title=Buddha_Shakyamuni&oldid=420779"


My husband and I attend her class twice a week. Linda connects with each person in the room and offers individualized suggestions to help you to engage in the stretches according to your own unique abilities. She is a great instructor who is able to teach any size group , and make you feel like you are her focus. You can tell that she truly believes in her work and practices what she preaches. She keeps everyone motivated to press on and accomplish more, and encourages us all to reach for our best during class. I can tell that her class makes a positive a difference in my mind, body and spirit. Truly a gifted instructor with much to share with her students.
A+++ Practicing with Linda is the perfect decision!
A truly exceptional teacher who is passionate about helping her students reach and surpass their goals! I have been practicing with Linda twice a week for over a year. Her class is a 'must attend' for me each week. Her class will challenge you to your limits, if you allow it. Because the class is set up to be challenging, she is also very mindful of each person's abilities and is quick to offer modifications for beginners or people with specific health issues. We have a wide range of attendees from beginners to those who have been practicing for years, and from high school kids to retirees, so no matter where you are in your life or practice, yoga with Linda will benefit you. Her class has a perfect balance of not only flow, but also emotion. We have moments of intense concentration all the way to occasionally even laughter at what we are putting our bodies through. Linda is very warm and welcoming and there's no fear of being 'odd man out' when she's your instructor. You will love her! I often leave class a little sweaty and a lot exhausted, and I wouldn't have it any other way!
Yup, I'm not the svelte rubber band type gal but Linda works with me, encourages me and I am better now years later, for her class. Whatever your level, she'll help you grow and improve physically and mentally! I love her classes even when they are tough on me because after ... I feel SO MUCH BETTER. Come join our yoga family.
Linda is an amazing instructor. She tailored our yoga practice to my goals and abilities without compromising form. Through years of running and a career that requires many hours a day driving I have always struggled with tight hips and hamstrings. Knowing this, Linda personalized our time together to emphasize lengthening and stretching while including strength and flexibility. I highly recommend her for a personalized, tailored, and professional approach to yoga and fitness.
I have been practicing yoga for over a year now. Yoga became a passion during after an emotional time for me so I have always held it dear to my heart. It truly is a way for me to get centered in my mind but also a way for me to connect with the earth and the energy of those around me (community). Practicing with Linda was exactly what I needed to take my yoga practice to the next level. I have viewed my practice as proficient but Linda helped me to find areas that I could use improvement in. Her small but precise suggestions/corrections helped to strengthen my practice. I immediately felt the change in my body and my perception of the posture during her recommendations. Her ability to be calming while paying such precise attention to the needs of her clients is amazing.
She took into account that I am healing from a neck injury and modified the practice as not to aggravate that injury. She offered postures that would promote length and stretch those areas. In addition, she offered some ways that I could approach certain postures without continuing to aggravate my injury.
Again, as someone who has practiced regularly for a while, I was delighted to have such a high level of expertise woven into my practice. She has forever enhanced how I approach my yoga practice. Linda is a wonderful instructor and I highly recommend anyone, experienced or not, to see how she can enrich your yoga practice.
My wife and I decided to explore yoga. I am just short of 72. My wife is a little younger. I recently had an accident with multiple broken ribs, vertebrae and an eye socket. I have osteoarthritis that affects my right shoulder, left wrist and fingers on both hands. My knees are shot.
My wife has a titanium radial head (the top of a bone in her elbow), had beast cancer and doesn't exercise much. We both have high blood pressure and blood sugar that is higher than it should be, but not technically diabetic. I mention all of those limitations to demonstrate that we aren't young, flexible, skinny studs. Despite that, we count our first session as a success.
We couldn't achieve every position and Linda made us feel OK with performing to our personal abilities. There were some things we didn't even try this session due to our limitations. However, we both came away from the session feeling that there was hope that we could improve our strength, flexibility (within realistic limits) and our health overall.
We look forward to working with Linda on an ongoing basis and are excited about our prospects for improving our health. Linda constantly spoke softly, corrected us without shaming us and pushed us to do a little more each time. I coached youth sports for many years and recognize a good coach when I see one. Linda is an excellent coach.
Linda is the best. She continually researches the different conditions/aggravations that we have and finds out just how far an individual should push. She is very encouraging and works with each individual to get just a little further each time we meet. Thanks, Linda!!!
My husband and I attend Linda's class. She gives personal attention to her students even in a class setting. For those who wonder if a yoga practice is for you, Mac is an athlete - muscular build with very little flexibility. I am a bigger girl. We are both in our late 40's. Linda is a constant encourager, reminding us that there is no competition, to listen to our bodies, and yet, at the same time, motivates us to push if we feel we can. Often she will suggest stretches to do independently to help with our individual practices. She truly lives what she teaches and is an inspiration to those around her.


A parent of a disabled child typically faces special estate planning concerns and decisions. One of those special concerns usually relates to how an inheritance can be left to the disabled child while also preserving the child's present or future eligibility to receive government benefits from means-tested "welfare" programs, such as Medicaid and Supplemental Security Income. Frequently, specific planning vehicles should be considered in such a situation, including an "ABLE" account and a "third-party special needs" trust. Generally, an "ABLE" account is a tax-advantaged cash savings account set up and owned by the disabled person (but contributed to by others), where the funds can be saved and then later spent on "qualified disability expenses." A "third-party special needs" trust is a legal trust typically set up and funded by the disabled child's parent(s) and other family members in order to supplement government benefits receivable by the disabled child. Both of these planning vehicles, if established and administered correctly, generally allow a certain level of funds to be held and spent for the benefit of the disabled child without disqualifying the disabled child from receiving means-tested government benefits.
It is important to recognize that, while they have the same general purpose, ABLE accounts and third-party special needs trusts have different complexities and legal requirements. A parent with a disabled child will likely want to examine the advantages, limitations and restrictions of each planning vehicle in order to determine which is best under the circumstances. In some cases, the parent may find that having an estate plan that combines both an ABLE account and a third-party special needs trust is ideal. I have experience guiding parents of disabled children through these decisions and in setting up these kinds of estate plans.
For more information on this topic, please contact the author, John Collins, by phone at 812.424.7575 or by e-mail at jcollins@zsws.com.


In the UK we throw away 8.3 million tonnes of food and drink every year. Most of this is avoidable and could have been eaten if only we had planned, stored and managed it better.
With our state of the art depackaging machinery we are able to take out of date, packaged food products and separate the packaging from the organic matter. The organic matter (food waste) is then sent to the Anaerobic Digester for energy recovery and sanitisation and the packaging is sent for recycling.
By taking commercial, industrial and domestic waste food, we are not only diverting waste from landfill but creating energy and a valuable soil conditioner/fertiliser — waste utilisation at its best!


The Condair HP delivers adiabatic humidification and cooling to an air handling unit (AHU) or duct. A series of nozzles mounted across the air stream atomise water under high pressure creating a fine mist that is rapidly absorbed. A droplet separator downstream removes any un-evaporated moisture from the air ensuring droplet-free humidification.
The nozzle lines are connected to a high pressure pump station and a water treatment system. Minerals are removed from the supply water before it is provided to the nozzle lines at between 60-70bar. A single pump station is capable of supplying nozzle lines in multiple AHUs with up to 1,300kg/hr of moisture. The system has a high humidification capacity and offers up to 884kW of adiabatic cooling from just 2.2kW of consumed electricity.
The nozzles and their manifolds are manufactured from high quality stainless steel. The oil-free high pressure pump also has stainless steel construction and carries an 8,000 hour guarantee.
Hygiene is ensured with UV sterilisation and regular flush cycles so that water cannot remain in the system to stagnate.


text:
La stagione 1960 dei Green Bay Packers è stata la 40ª della franchigia nella National Football League. La squadra, allenata da Vince Lombardi, ebbe un record di 8-4, terminando prima nella Western Conference e qualificandosi per la sua prima finale dal 1944.

La finale fu contro i campioni della Eastern Conference, i Philadelphia Eagles (10–2), e si tenne al Franklin Field di Filadelfia lunedì 26 dicembre. Due anni prima nel , entrambe le squadre erano terminate ultime nelle rispettive conference, vincendo complessivamente tre partite. In una partita equilibrata, i Packers si trovarono in vantaggio nel quarto periodo, ma persero per 17–13. Fu l'unica sconfitta nei playoff della carriera di Vince Lombardi. Green Bay fece ritorno in finale nei due anni successivi, vincendo in entrambi i casi.

Roster

Calendario

Playoff

Classifiche

Nota:  i pareggi non venivano conteggiati ai fini della classifica fino al 1972.

Note

Collegamenti esterni

 1960

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
What do the mayoral candidates want for Chicago transportation?
By Mary Wisniewski
Sep 17, 2018 | 5:00 AM
Elon Musk, left, and Mayor Rahm Emanuel announce plans for a high-speed transit line from downtown to O'Hare in the unfinished station under Block 37 on June 14, 2018. (Brian Cassella/Chicago Tribune)
The candidates competing to be Chicago's next mayor have a lot in common when in comes to transportation policy.
Most are skeptical of billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk's plan for an underground express train from downtown to O'Hare International Airport. And most favor the $8.7 billion planned airport expansion, as well as the proposed Red Line extension from 95th to 130th Street.
But they have varying ideas on how projects should be funded and implemented, and what should be priorities. The following are responses from the most prominent declared candidates on some big transportation issues.
The O'Hare Express
Mayor Rahm Emanuel and Musk in June announced plans for an underground express connection between O'Hare and downtown, using untested technology. Emanuel said Musk's The Boring Company would pay for the $1 billion project. Envisioned are 16-person vehicles zipping to and from the airport in about 12 minutes, at a cost of about $20 to $25 a passenger.
Emanuel scoffed at "doubters" of the project, but the "doubters" include many of those looking to replace him.
"I just don't think it's a project that should be a priority for the city at this time," said former Police Board President Lori Lightfoot, in an interview. "It's not going to be cost-free for the taxpayers. That's entirely a fiction."
Lightfoot said there are always challenges when tunneling below streets and buildings. "What happens if some infrastructure gets compromised?" Lightfoot asked. "This is a big risk project — there's no way there's not going to be costs to the city."
Former Chicago Public Schools CEO Paul Vallas agreed that it was hard to believe the project could be pulled off without any financial liability or infrastructure risk to the city.
READ MORE: Rahm Emanuel wanted to expand O'Hare airport and partner with Elon Musk on high-speed rail. Now what? »
"But if it can, I would be willing to hear more details," said Vallas in an email. "Sadly, the City is currently acting in a super secretive fashion on this issue which only serves to further skepticism."
Cook County Clerk of the Circuit Court Dorothy Brown said in an email that the city should delay the project until testing is complete, a realistic project plan is produced and The Boring Company provides a financial guarantee. Meanwhile, she said the city should go forward with plans to renovate and upgrade the Blue Line.
Former Chicago police Superintendent Garry McCarthy said in an email that Musk's high-speed tube trains are a "fantasy" and he doesn't see a need for it. He said the CTA Blue Line should include reliable express service during peak hours.
Of the candidates surveyed, only millionaire businessman Willie Wilson was supportive of the Musk train, because it involved no taxpayer money, said campaign spokesman F. Scott Winslow.
The Red Line extension
The CTA is doing an environmental impact study on expanding the Red Line to the city's southern border at 130th Street, a project expected to cost $2.3 billion. Funding has not yet been determined.
McCarthy said he supports the extension because it's a "vital rapid transit option" and a catalyst for economic revitalization. McCarthy said that given the precarious nature of the city's finances, he thinks it would be wise to seek federal money.
Brown thinks the extension should be funded through tax increment financing — which is already helping to fund the Red and Purple Line modernization on the North Side — as well as through grants from the state and/or the federal government. She said the extension is a matter of "fairness and equity."
CTA Red Line trains enter and exit the 95th Street station, the line's last stop on the South Side. An extension to 130th Street has been proposed. (Antonio Perez/Chicago Tribune)
Both Vallas and Lightfoot discussed the challenge of getting money for the extension and brought up a much-discussed cheaper alternative — the conversion of the Metra Electric District into a rapid-transit line with more frequent stops to serve the South Side and suburbs.
"I will insist that CTA and Metra put aside any turf battles and work on creating a viable plan to make this happen," said Vallas.
Vallas said that given that roughly half of the money for the Red Line extension needs to come from the federal government, "it is unlikely that project can come to fruition any time soon." The current presidential administration is not friendly to transit in general or Chicago in particular.
"There's not an infinite pot of money out there," said Lightfoot. She said if the extension can be built, the city needs to be smart and think about economic development for the region.
Speaking through his spokesman, Wilson said that while the Red Line extension is a "wonderful idea," it is not as urgent as violence and jobs.
The airport expansion
Most candidates interviewed agreed on the need for the $8.7 billion O'Hare expansion, which the city said will be funded by airline ticket fees. The City Council has already approved $4 billion in funding for the eight-year project.
The outlier on the airport issue is Wilson, who said through his spokesman that he wanted a freeze on public borrowing for any large project, including the airport and the extension of the Riverwalk. He said Mayor Emanuel should not be committing the city to decades of debt in his last months in office.
Winslow said Wilson wants to take a close look at the details. "Who is going to get contracts for construction, for insurance?" Winslow asked. "That has to become a public process. That has to be completely transparent."
Both McCarthy and Brown say they support O'Hare expansion, but think it needs close financial oversight to avoid cost overruns. McCarthy also said he wants to make sure the contracting process is "open and fair to all groups."
Lightfoot said O'Hare is a "vitally important economic engine" for the city and the region. She said officials must be "thoughtful" about how the project gets done, and use it as a chance to build wealth among minority- and women-owned businesses.
Vallas said that while it is critical that the project go forward, there is much still not known and "any devils will likely be in the details."
Both Lightfoot and Vallas also said it was important to pay attention to noise abatement in the communities affected by O'Hare traffic.
Bikes, buses and other issues
Wilson wants to get rid of red light and speed cameras, and provide free CTA service for the elderly. The latter idea was tried under Gov. Rod Blagojevich, but the program was costly for CTA, Metra and Pace, and it ended in 2011.
McCarthy wants transit services expanded for people with disabilities and wants to ensure that private transportation companies that provide services to the disabled do so with "care, courtesy, compassion and honest fares."
Regarding bikes, Vallas said he was impressed with the success of Divvy and wants it or other bike-sharing programs to continue to expand, especially in underserved communities.
Brown wants a registration fee for bikes, to help pay for bike lane improvements.
Lightfoot said the city needs to do a better job dealing with traffic congestion.
"The Loop in particular is becoming a nightmare for commuters for people in cars, bikes or buses," Lightfoot said. She cited an increase of cars on the street due to ride-share services, and multiple construction projects.
Citing reports in the Chicago Tribune and other media about the high numbers of traffic and parking tickets in black and Hispanic communities, Lightfoot said the city needs to do an audit to look at enforcement patterns.
"It's pretty disturbing to me that these studies and media reports have reflected that people are going into bankrutpcy because of parking tickets," Lightfoot said.
[Most read] Humboldt Park Lagoon alligator prepped for move to Florida as reptile catcher Frank Robb becomes instant Chicago celebrity »
Vallas criticized the city for going "nowhere" in terms of establishing meaningful bus rapid transit, which typically gives buses dedicated lanes and priority at traffic lights to allow them to move more quickly through traffic.
"I believe reliable bus rapid transit on major arterial streets — especially those serving underserved communities and which are able to connect transit lines — are the most viable options for addressing traffic congestion," Vallas said.
Transportation song quiz
The last quiz asked about a song that refers to a ship, but is really about an aircraft. The singer who made it famous later became U.S. ambassador to Ghana. The song is "On the Good Ship Lollipop," sung by Shirley Temple. Skip Yates of Lakeview was first with the right answer.
Today's song is told about a train that used to run through the Deep South. The songwriter also wrote the music for movies that included a coin bank as a character. What's the song, and who sang it? Email me the answer. The first person with the right answer gets a Tribune notebook, and glory.
mwisniewski@chicagotribune.com
Twitter @marywizchicago
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Pace Bus