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Labs ▽
Couzin Lab
Farine Lab
Jordan Lab
Couzin Lab: Research
Iain Couzin
Iain Couzin: CV
Li, L., Nagy, M., Graving, J.M., Bak-Coleman, J., Xie, G. & Couzin, I.D. (2019) Schooling fish save energy by vortex phase matching, Submitted.
Graving, J.M, Chae, D., Naik, H, Li, L, Koger, B, Costelloe, B.R & Couzin, I.D (2019) Fast and robust animal pose estimation, in revision.
Sosna, M.M.G., Twomey, C.R., Bak-Coleman, J., Poel, W., Daniels, B.C., Romanczuk, P. and Couzin, I.D. (2019) Individual and collective encoding of risk in animal groups, in revision.
Hugo, H., Cristaldo, P.F., DeSouza, O. (2019) Peaceful behaviour: a strategy employed by an obligate nest invader to avoid conflict with its host species. In review.
Kao, A.B. and Couzin, I.D. (2019) Modular structure within groups causes information loss but can improve decision accuracy, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 374, 20180378.
Rahwan, I, Cebrian, M, Obradovich, N, Bongard, J, Bonnefon, J-F, Breazeal, C, Crandall, J.W., Christakis, N.A., Couzin, I.D., Jackson, M.O., Jennings, N.R., Kamar, E., Kloumann, I.M., Larochelle, H., Lazer, D., McElreath, R., Mislove, A., Parkes, D.C., Pentland, A.S., Roberts, M.E., Shariff, A., Tenenbaum, J.B. & Wellman, M. (2019) Machine behaviour. Nature 568, 477-486.
Bak-Coleman, J., Sterling, J., Tokita, C., Rubenstein, D. & Couzin, I.D. (2019) Collective wisdom on politically polarized social networks. In review.
Marcelino, R., Sampaio, J., Amichay, G., Gonçalves, Couzin, I.D. & Nagy, M. (2019) High-throughput analysis of correlated trajectory segments reveals dynamical and adaptive strategies of team sport players. Submitted.
Smith, M.L. (2018). Queenless honey bees build infrastructure for direct reproduction until their new queen proves her worth. Evolution. DOI:10.1111/evo.13628.
Couzin, I.D. (2018) Synchronization: The Key to Effective Communication in Animal Collectives, Trends in Cognitive Sciences 22(10), 844-846.
Hein, A.M., Hil, M.A., Twomey, C.R., Couzin, I.D. & Levin, S.A. (2018) Conserved behavioral circuits govern high-speed decision making in wild fish shoals, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA available early online.
Flack, A., Nagy, M., Fiedler, W., Couzin, I.D. & Wikelski, M. (2018) From local collective behaviour to global migratory patterns in white storks, Science 360 (6391), 911-914.
Couzin, I.D. (2018) Collective animal migration, Current Biology 28(17), R976-980.
Kao, A.B., Berdahl, A., Lutz, M.J., Giam, X., Hartnett, A.T. & Couzin, I.D. (2018) Counteracting estimation bias and social influence to improve the wisdom of crowds Journal of the Royal Society Interface 15 20180130.
Berdahl, A.M., Kao, A.B., Flack, A., Westley, P.A.H., Codling, E.A., Couzin, I.D., Dell, A.I. and Biro, D. (2018) Collective animal navigation and migratory culture: from theoretical models to empirical evidence. Philosophical Transactions B, 373(1746), 20170009.
Delcourt, J., Miller, N.Y., Couzin, I.D. and Garnier, S. (2018) Methods for the effective study of collective behaviour in a radial arm maze, Behavior Research Methods 50(4), 1673-1685.
Pinkoviezky, I., Couzin, I.D. & Gov, N.S. (2018) Collective conflict resolution in groups on the move, Physical Review E 032304.
Nagy, M., Couzin, I.D., Fiedler, W., Wikelski, M. & Flack, A. (2018) Synchronisation, coordination and collective sensing during thermalling flight of freely-migrating white storks, Philosophical Transactions B 373(1746), 20170011.
Torney, C.J., Hopcraft, G.C., Morrison, T.A., Couzin, I.D. & Levin, S.A. (2018) From single steps to mass migration: The problem of scale in the movement ecology of Serengeti wildebeest, Philosophical Transactions B 373(1746), 20170012.
Jolles, J.W., Boogert, N.J., Sridhar, V.H., Couzin, I.D. and Manica, A. (2017) Consistent individual differences drive collective behaviour and group functioning of schooling fish, Current Biology 27(18), 2862-2868 OPEN ACCESS.
Stowers, J., Hofbauer, M., Bastien, R., Griessner, J., Higgins, P., Farooqui, S., Fischer, R.M., Nowikovsky, K., Haubensack., W., Couzin, I.D., Tessmar-Raible, K. and Straw, A. D. (2017) Virtual reality for freely moving animals, Nature Methods 14(10), 995-1002.
Farine, D.R., Strandburg-Peshkin, A., Couzin, I.D., Berger-Wolf, T.Y. and Crofoot, M.C. (2017) Individual variation in local interaction rules can explain emergent patterns of spatial organisation in wild baboons, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 284, 20162243.
Strandburg-Peshkin, A., Farine, D.R., Crofoot, M. C. & Couzin, I.D. (2017) Habitat and social factors shape individual decisions and emergent group structure during baboon collective movement, eLife 6:e19505. OPEN ACCESS
Guayasamin, O. L., Couzin, I. D. & Miller, N. Y. (2017) Behavioural plasticity across social contexts is regulated by the directionality of inter-individual differences, Behavioural Processes 114(2), 196-204.
Joshi, J., Couzin, I.D., Levin, S.A. & Guttal, V. (2017) Mobility can promote the evolution of cooperation via emergent self-assortment dynamics, PLoS Computational Biology, 13(9), e1005732. OPEN ACCESS
Rieucau, G., Holmin, A.J., Castillo, J.C., Couzin, I.D. & Handegard, N-O. (2016) School-level structural and dynamic adjustments to perceived risk promote efficient information transfer and collective evasion in herring, Animal Behaviour 117, 69-78
Hartnett, A.T., Schertzer, E., Levin, S.A. & Couzin, I.D. (2016) Heterogeneous preference and local nonlinearity in consensus decision-making, Physical Review Letters 116, 038701.
Berdahl, A., Westley, P.A.H., Couzin, I.D., Levin, S.A. & Quinn, T.P. (2016) A collective navigation hypothesis for homeward migration in andromous salmonids, Fish and Fisheries 17: 525–542.
Hein, A. M., Rosenthal, S.B., Hagstron, G.I., Berdahl, A., Torney, C.J. & Couzin, I.D. (2015) The evolution of distributed sensing and collective computation in animal populations, eLife e10955.
Reid, C.R., Lutz, M.J., Powell, S., Couzin, I.D. & Garnier, S. (2015) Army ants dynamically adjust living bridges in response to a cost-benefit tradeoff, PNAS 112(49), 15113-1511.
Rosenthal, S.B., Twomey, C.R., Hartnett, A.T., Wu, H.S. & Couzin, I.D. (2015) Revealing the hidden networks of interaction in mobile animal groups allows prediction of complex behavioral contagion, PNAS 112(15), 4690-4695.
Featured by Cell "The Wisdom of Crowds" http://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674(15)00493-6.pdf
Torney, C.J., Lorenzi, T., Couzin, I.D. & Levin, S.A. (2015) Information processing and the evolution of unresponsiveness in collective systems, Journal of the Royal Society Interface 12(103), 20140893.
Ioannou, C.C., Singh, M. & Couzin, I.D. (2015) Potential leaders trade off goal-oriented and socially oriented behavior in mobile animal groups, The American Naturalist 186(2), 284-293 (OPEN ACCESS).
Hills, T.T., Todd, P.M., Laser, D. Redish, A.D., Couzin, I.D. and the Cognitive Search Research Group (2015) Exploration versus exploitation in space, mind and society, Trends in Cognitive Sciences 19(1), 46-54.
Swain, D.T., Couzin, I.D. & Leonard, N.E. (2015) Coordinated speed oscillations in schooling killifish enrich social communication, Journal of Nonlinear Science 25(5), 1077-1109.
Strandburg-Peshkin, A*, Farine, DR*, Couzin, ID, Crofoot, MC (2015) Shared decision-making drives collective movement in wild baboons. Science 348(6241): 1358-1361. * joint first authors
See media highlights altmetric score including a nice article in National Geographic and a video by Untamed Science.
Hofmann, H.A., Blumstein, D.T., Couzin, I.D., Earley, R.L., Hayes, L.D., Hurd, P.L., Lacey, E.A., Solomon, N.G., Taborsky, M., Young, I.J. & Rubenstein, D.R. (2014) An evolutionary framework for studying mechanisms of social behavior, Trends in Ecology and Evolution 29(10), 581-589.
Woods, M.L., Carmona-Fontaine, C., Barnes, C.P., Couzin, I.D., Mayor, R. & Page, K. (2014) Directional collective cell migration emerges as a property of cell interactions, PLoS ONE 9, e104969.
Liu, P., Safford, H.R., Couzin, I.D. & Kevrekidis, I.G. (2014) Coarse-grained variables for particle-based models: diffusion maps and animal swarming simulations, Computational Particle Mechanics available early online.
Gallup, A.C., Chong, A., Kacelnik, A. & Couzin, I.D. (2014) The influence of emotional facial expressions on gaze-copying in grouped and solitary pedestrians, Scientific Reports 4, 5794.
Kao, A., Miller, N., Torney, C., Hartnett, A. & Couzin, I.D. (2014) Collective learning and optimal consensus in animal groups, PLoS Computational Biology 10(8), e1003762.
Dell, A.I., Bender, J.A., Branson, K., Couzin, I.D., de Polavieja, G.G., Noldus, L.P.P.J., Perez-Escudero, A., Perona, P., Straw, A.D., Wikelski, M. & Brose, U. (2014) Automated imaging-based tracking and its application to ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 29(7), 417-428.
Treuer, T., Altosaar, J., Hartnett, A., Twomey, C., Dobson, A., Wilcove, D. & Couzin, I.D. (2014) Machine learning in audio taxonomy: Quantifying biodiversity and habitat recovery through rainforest audio recordings. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135(4), 2368-2368.
Kao, A.B. & Couzin, I.D. (2014) Decision accuracy in complex environments is often maximized by small group sizes, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 281(1784), 2013305.
Strandburg-Peshkin, A., Twomey, C.R., Bode, N.W., Kao, A.B., Katz, Y., Ioannou, C.C., Rosenthal, S.B., Torney, C.J., Wu, H., Levin, S.A. & Couzin, I.D. (2013) Visual sensory networks and effective information transfer in animal groups, Current Biology 23(17), R709-711. [PDF]
Perez-Escudero, A., Miller, N., Hartnett, A.T., Garnier, S., Couzin, I.D. & de Polavieja, G. (2013) Estimation models describe well collective decisions among three options. PNAS, early edition. [PDF]
Coburn, L., Cerone, L., Torney, C., Couzin, I.D. & Neufeld, Z. (2013) Tactile interactions lead to coherent motion and enhanced chemotaxis of migrating cells, Physical Biology 10(4), 046002.
Garnier, S., Murphy, T., Lutz, M., Hurme, E., Leblanc, S. & Couzin, I.D. (2013) Stability and responsiveness in a self-organizing living architecture, PLoS Computational Biology 9(3), e1002984. [PDF]
Kolpas, A., Busch, M., Li, H.,Couzin, I.D., Petzold, L. & Moehlis, J. (2013) How the spatial positions of individuals affects their influence on swarms: a numerical comparison of two popular swarm dynamics models, PLoS ONE (8)3, e58525. [PDF]
Miller, N., Garnier, S. & Couzin, I.D. (2013) Both information and social cohesion determine collective decisions in animal groups, PNAS 110(13), 5263-5268. [PDF]
Torney, C., Levin, S.A. & Couzin, I.D. (2013) Leadership and the role of spatial interactions in social dynamics, Journal of Statistical Physics 151, 203-217. [PDF]
Tunstrom, K., Katz, Y., Ioannou, C.C., Huepe, C., Lutz, M. & Couzin, I.D. (2013) Collective states, multistability and transitional behavior in schooling fish, PLoS Computational Biology, 9(2), e1002915. [PDF]
Berdahl, A., Torney, C.J., Ioannou, C.C., Faria, J. & Couzin, I.D. (2013) Emergent sensing of complex environments by mobile animal groups, Science 339(6119) 574-576. Free Reprint.
Shaw, A.K. & Couzin, I.D. (2013) Migration or residency? The evolution of movement behavior and information usage in seasonal environments, The American Naturalist 181(1), 114-124. [PDF]
Lopez, U., Gautrais, J., Couzin, I.D. & Theraulaz, G. (2012) From behavioral analyses to models of collective motion in fish schools, Interface Focus 2, 693-707. [PDF]
Stephens, D.W., Couzin, I.D. & Giraldeau, L-A. (2012) Ecological and behavioral approaches to search behavior. In "Cognitive Search: Evolution, Algorithms and the Brain"(P.M. Todd, T.T. Hill & T.W. Robbins), MIT Press, Boston.
Ioannou, C.C., Guttal, V. & Couzin, I.D. (2012) Predatory fish select for coordinated collective motion in virtual prey. Science 337(6099) 1212-1215. Free Reprint.
> A Perspective of this work by Bill Romey accompanied our paper: Real fish attack simulated plankton Science 337(6099) 1181-1182. We also received media attention and a non-exhaustive list of news articles can be found, along with a short movie showing our experiment here.
Guttal, V., Romanczuk, P., Simpson, S.J., Sword, G.A. & Couzin, I.D. (2012) Cannibalism as a driver of the evolution of behavioral phase polyphenism in locusts. Ecology Letters 15, 1158-1166. [PDF]
Mishra, S., Tunstrom, K., Couzin, I.D. & Huepe, C. (2012) Collective dynamics of self-propelled particles with variable speed. Physical Review E 86, 011901. [PDF]
Handegard, N.O., Leblanc, S., Boswell, K., Tjostheim, D. & Couzin, I.D. (2012) The dynamics of coordinated group hunting and collective information-transfer among schooling prey. Current Biology, 22(13), 1213-1217. [PDF]
> Accompanied by a Dispatches in Current Biology by Graeme Ruxton "Group Dynamics: Both Predators and Prey Get a Little Help From Their Friends"
Gallup, A.C., Hale, J.J., Garnier, S., Sumpter, D.J.T., Kacelnik, A., Krebs, J. & Couzin, I.D. (2012) Visual attention and the acquisition of information in human crowds. PNAS, 109(19), 7245-7250. [PDF]
Bazazi, S., Bartumeus, F., Hale, J.J., Holmin, A.J. & Couzin, I.D. (2012) Intermittent motion in desert locusts: behavioral complexity in simple environments. PLoS Computational Biology, 8(5), e1002498. [PDF]
Gallup, A.C., Chong, A. & Couzin, I.D. (2012) The directional flow of visual information transfer between pedestrians. Biology Letters 8(4), 520-522. [PDF]
Bazazi, S., Pfennig, K.S., Handegard, N.O. & Couzin, I.D. (2012) Collective vortex formation and foraging in polyphenic spadefoot toad tadpoles. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 66(6), 879-889. [PDF]
Leonard, N.E., Shen, T., Nabet, B., Scardovi, L., Couzin, I.D. & Levin, S.A. (2012)Decision versus compromise for animal groups in motion. PNAS, 109(1), 227-232. [PDF]
Swain, D., Couzin, I.D. & Leonard, N.E. (2011) Real-time feedback-controlled robotic fish for behavioral experiments with fish schools. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(1), 150-163. [PDF]
Couzin, I.D., Ioannou, C.C., Demirel, G., Gross, T., Torney, C.J., Hartnett, A., Conradt, L., Levin, S.A. & Leonard, N.E. (2011) Uninformed individuals promote democratic consensus in animal groups. Science 334(6062) 1578-1580. Free reprint
A Perspective of this work, by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom, accompanied our paper: Can ignorance promote democracy? Science332(6062) 1501-1504. We also received media attention and a non-exhaustive list of news articles can be found here.
Frewen, T. A., Couzin, I. D., Kolpas, A., Moehlis, J., Coifman, R. & Kevrekidis, I. O. (2011) Coarse collective dynamics of animal groups. Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering 75, 299-309. [PDF]
Katz, Y., Ioannou, C.C., Tunstrom, K., Huepe, C. & Couzin, I.D. (2011) Inferring the structure and dynamics of interactions in schooling fish, PNAS 108(46), 18720-18725. [PDF]
Torney, C., Berdahl, A. and Couzin, I.D. (2011) Signaling and the evolution of cooperative foraging in dynamic environments, PLoS Computational Biology 7(9), e1002194. [PDF]
Guttal, V., & Couzin, I. D. (2011) Leadership, collective motion and the evolution of migratory strategies. Communicative and Integrative Biology, 4, 294-298. Open Access.
Abbot, P., Abe, J., Alcock, J….Couzin, I.D.,et al. 137 authors (2011) Inclusive fitness theory and eusociality. Nature 471(7339) e1-e4. [PDF]
Bazazi, S., Romanczuk, P., Thomas, S., Schimansky-Geier, L., Hale, J. J., Miller, G. A., Sword, G.A., Simpson, S.J. and Couzin, I.D. (2011) Nutritional state and collective motion: from individuals to mass migration. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 278(1704) 356-363. [PDF]
Pillot, M-H., Gautrais, J., Arrufat, P., Couzin, I. D., Bon, R. & Deneubourg, J-L. (2011)Scalable rules for coherent motion in a gregarious vertebrate. PLoS ONE 6(1), 14487. [PDF]
Sueur, C., Petit, O., Deneubourg, J-L., & Couzin, I. D. (2011) Group size, grooming and fission in primates: a modeling approach based on group structure. Journal of Theoretical Biology 273(1), 156-166. [PDF]
Guttal, V. & Couzin, I. D. (2010) Social interactions, information use and the evolution of collective migration. PNAS 107(37), 16172-16177.
From the Cover', 'This Week inPNAS' and a Commentary by Simpson and Sword Evolving MigrationPNAS107(39), 16753-16754.
Torney, C., Levin, S. A. & Couzin, I. D. (2010) Specialization and evolutionary branching within migratory populations. PNAS 107(47), 20394-20399.
> Recommended by 'Faculty of 1000'
Couzin, I.D. (2010) Complex systems: An informative itinerary. Science 328(5977) 430.
Bazazi, S., Ioannou, C. C., Simpson, S. J., Sword, G. A., Torney, C. & Couzin, I. D. (2010) The social context of cannibalism in Mormon cricket collective movement. PLoS ONE 5(12), e15118.
Sueur, C., Deneubourg, J-L., Petit, O. & Couzin, I. D. (2010) Differences in nutrient requirements imply a non-linear emergence of leaders in animal groups. PLoS Computational Biology 6(9), 1000917.
Faria, J. J., Dyer, J. R. G., Clement, R., Couzin, I. D., Holt, N., & Ward, A. J., et al. (2010)A novel method for investigating the collective behavior of fish: introducing "Robofish". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 64(8), 1211-1218.
Escudero, C., Yates, C. A., Buhl, J., Couzin, I. D., Erban, R., Kevrekidis, I. G., & Maini, P. K. (2010) Ergodic directional switching in mobile insect groups. Physical Review E 82(1), 011926.
Simpson, S. J., Raubenheimer, D., Charleston, M. A., Clissold, F. J., Couzin, I. D., & Clements, K. D., et al. (2010) Modelling nutritional interactions: from individuals to communities. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 25(1), 53-60.
Couzin, I.D. and King, A.J. (2010) Animal group movements. In: Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior, Breed, M. and Moore, J. (Eds.), Elsevier.
Torney, C., Neufeld, Z. & Couzin, I.D. (2009) Context-dependent interaction leads to emergent search behavior in social aggregates. PNAS 106(52), 22055-22060.
Yates, C. A., Erban, R., Escudero, C., Couzin, I. D., Buhl, J., & Kevrekidis, I. G., et al. (2009) Inherent noise can facilitate coherence in collective swarm motion.
PNAS 106(14), 5464-5469.
Conradt, L., Roper, T.J., Couzin, I.D. & Krause, J. (2009) "Leading according to need" in self-organizing groups. The American Naturalist 173(3), 304-312.
Romanczuk, P., Couzin, I.D. & Schimansky-Geier, L. (2009) Collective motion due to individual escape and pursuit response. Physical Review Letters 102(1), doc# 010602.
Deisboeck, T. & Couzin, I.D. (2009) Collective behavior in cancer cell populations. BioEssays 31(2), 190-197.
Couzin, I.D. & Laidre, M.E. (2009) Fission-fusion populations. Current Biology 19(15), r633-r635.
Nabet, B., Leonard, N.E., Couzin, I.D. & Levin, S.A. (2009) Dynamics of decision-making in animal group motion. Journal of Nonlinear Science 19(4), 399-435.
Dyer, J.R.G., Johansson, A., Helbing, D., Couzin, I.D. & Krause, J. (2009) Leadership, consensus decision making and collective behaviour in human crowds. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 364(1518) 781-78.
> Top 10 most cited articles in Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond B. in 2009 (5thmost cited)
Couzin, I.D. (2009) Collective cognition in animal groups. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 13(1), 36-43.
Erra, U., Frola, B., Scarano, V. & Couzin, I.D. (2009) An efficient GPU implementation for large scale individual-based simulation of collective behavior. High Performance Computational Systems Biology, 51-58. Doi: 10.1109/HiBi.2009.11
Sumpter, D.J.T., Krause, J., James, R., Couzin, I.D. & Ward, A.J.W. (2008) Consensus decision-making by fish. Current Biology 18(22), 1773-1777.
Bazazi, S., Buhl, J., Hale, J.J., Anstey, M.L., Sword, G.A., Simpson, S.J. & Couzin, I.D. (2008) Collective motion and cannibalism in locust migratory bands. Current Biology 18(10), 735-739.
> Recommended by 'Faculty of 1000' – Rating 11, Exceptional.
Ward, A.J., Sumpter, D.J.T., Couzin, I.D., Hart, P.J.B. & Krause, J. (2008) Quorum decision-making facilitates information transfer in fish shoals. PNAS 105(19), 6948-6953.
Sumpter, D.J.T., Buhl, J., Biro, D. & Couzin, I.D. (2008) Information transfer in moving animal groups. Theory in Biosciences 127(2), 177-186.
Dyer, J.R.G., Ioannou, C.C., Morrell, L.J., Croft, D.P., Couzin, I.D., Waters, D.A. & Krause, J (2008) Consensus decision-making in human crowds. Animal Behaviour 75, 461-470.
Roditakis, E., Couzin, I.D., Franks, N.R. & Charnley A.K. (2008) Effects of Lecanicillium longisporum infection development on the behaviour of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. Journal of Insect Physiology 54 (1), 128-13624.
Lu, J., Liu, J., Couzin, I.D. & Levin, S.A. (2008) Emerging collective behaviors of animal groups. Proc.World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 1060-1065.
Couzin, I.D. (2007) Collective minds Nature 455, 715.
Paley, D.A., Leonard, N.A., Sepulchre, R.J. & Couzin, I.D. (2007) Spatial models of bistability in biological collectives. Proc. IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control, 4851-4856.
Swain, D.T., Leonard, N.E., Couzin, I.D., Kao, A. & Seuplchre, R.J. (2007) Alternating spatial patterns for coordinated group motion. Proc. IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control, 12-14.
Buhl, J., Sumpter, D.J.T, Couzin, I.D., Hale, J., Despland, E., Miller, E. & Simpson, S.J. (2006) From disorder to order in marching locusts. Science 312, 1402-1406.
Selected for 'Research Highlights' in Nature and a Perspectives' article by Danny Grunbaum Align in the sand Science 312, 1320-1322.
Couzin, I.D. (2006) Behavioural ecology: social organization in fission-fusion societies.Current Biology 16, R169-171.
Simpson, S.J., Sword, A.G., Lorch, P.D. & Couzin, I.D. (2006) Cannibal crickets on a forced march for protein and salt. PNAS 103, 4152-4156.
> Selected for 'News and Views' Push on the marching crickets inNature, Recommended by 'Faculty of 1000'.
Nabet, B., Leonard, N.E., Couzin, I.D. & Levin, S.A.(2006) Leadership in animal group motion: a bifurcation analysis, Proceedings of the 17th Symposium on Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems, 1-14
Couzin, I.D., James, R., Croft, D.P. & Krause, J. (2006) Social organization and information transfer in schooling fishes. Fish Cognition and Behaviour eds. Brown C., Laland, K.N. & Krause, J.
Couzin, I.D., Krause, J., Franks, N.R. & Levin, S.A. (2005) Effective leadership and decision making in animal groups on the move. Nature 433, 513-516.
Wrege, P., Wikelski, M., Mandel, J.T. Rassweiler, T & Couzin, I. D. (2005) Antbirds parasitize foraging army ants. Ecology 86 (3), 555-559.
Hoare, D.J., Couzin, I.D., Godin, J-G. & Krause, J. (2004) Context-dependent group size choice in fish. Animal Behaviour 67, 155-164.
Hensor, E.M.A., Couzin, I.D., James, R. & Krause, J. (2005) Modelling density-dependent fish shoal distributions in the laboratory and field. Oikos 110, 344-352.
Couzin, I.D. & Krause, J. (2003) Self-organization and collective behavior in vertebrates. Advances in the Study of Behavior 32, 1-75.
Couzin, I.D. & Franks, N.R, (2003) Self-organized lane formation and optimized traffic flow in army ants. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 270, 139-146.
> 'Editor's choice' by Andrew Sugden Avoiding gridlock Science 299, 19. Featured in News Focus by Ben Shouse Getting the behavior of social insects to compute Science 295, 2357.
Croft, D. P., Arrowsmith, B. J., Bielby, J., Skinner, K., White, E., Couzin, I. D., Magurran, A. E., Ranmarine, I. & Krause, J. (2003) Mechanisms underlying shoal composition in the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Oikos 100, 429-438.
Croft, D. P., Krause, J., Couzin, I. D. & Pitcher, T. J. (2003) When fish schools meet: outcomes for evolution and fisheries. Fish and Fisheries 4, 138-146.
Ward, A. J. W., Hoare, D. J., Couzin, I. D. & Krause, J. (2002) The effects of parasitism and body length on positioning within wild fish shoals. Journal of Animal Ecology 71(1), 10-14.
Couzin, I.D., Krause, J., James, R., Ruxton, G.D. & Franks, N.R., (2002) Collective memory and spatial sorting in animal groups. Journal of Theoretical Biology 218, 1-11.
Recommended by Faculty of 1000; Top 5 most cited papers of the decade (1999-2010) publication analysis of Animal Behavior Research, Lab Times (Europe)
Couzin, I. D. & Krause, J. (2001) The social organization of fish schools. Advances in Ethology 36, 64.
Hoare, D. J., Ward, A., Couzin, I. D., Croft, D. & Krause, J. (2001) A grid-net technique for the analysis of fish positions in free-ranging fish schools. Journal of Fish Biology 59(6), 1667-1672.
Roditakis, E., Couzin, I. D., Barlow, K., Franks, N. R. & Charnley, A. K. (2000) Improving secondary pick up of insect fungal pathogen conidia by manipulating host behavior. Annals of Applied Biology 137, 329-335.
Boi, S., Couzin, I. D., Del Buono, N., Franks, N. R. & Britton, N. F. (1999) Coupled oscillators and activity waves in ant colonies. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B 266, 371-378.
Spencer, A. J., Couzin, I. D. & Franks, N. R. (1998) The dynamics of specialization and generalization within biological populations. Journal of Complex Systems 1, 114-128.
Ritchie, M. G. R., Couzin, I. D. & Snedden, W. A. (1995) What's in a song? Female bushcrickets discriminate against the song of older males. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 262, 21-27.
All content © Department of Collective Behaviour 2015
Couzin Lab | Farine Lab | Jordan Lab | Data Privacy Policy | Design/Development: Costelloe Creative.


MONMOUTH — For children who don't grow up on a farm, the life of a farmer may be hard to picture even with the help of classroom presentations. But one morning each year, elementary students in Warren County have the chance to hear what a life of agriculture is like from farmers themselves. The annual Ag Day for Kids took place on Friday morning at Monsanto, and included stations on dairy, soil, fertilization, corn, poultry and machinery.
At the machinery station, Monsanto Demonstration Agronomist Dudley Ricketts explained the process of a combine to students from United North Elementary School. Ricketts said the variety in the stations and the amount of time students spend at each one makes for an ideal learning situation.
During his lesson, Ricketts demonstrated how the combine processes corn and later showed students a drone that is used to make farming techniques more efficient. United North Elementary School fourth-grade teacher David Milroy said although he has attended Ag Day with students for seven years, there is variety in how it is conducted from year to year.
United West Elementary School fourth-grade teacher Selina Baker said even though the lessons are for students, she learned some aspects about farming herself.
"I learned quite a lot about lambs, even though my husband farms so a lot of this is pretty familiar," Baker said.
At another station, former United North third-grade teacher Jane Shimmin presented on the life cycle of chickens. She said students were surprised that hens lay only one egg per day and that offspring do not come from the yolk. Instead the yolk is used as a food source for those offspring.


How often do we really understand scripture as being "fulfilled"?
Does it mean "has come to life" or "is completed"?
to know that the words spoken by Isaiah long ago about God's Spirit being upon us are coming true now.
recognize the Spirit of God in each of us.
to bring good news, freedom, and new life?
we praise you for the ordered world that you freely created.
and the fullness of community.
Help us to treasure your gifts to us this day.


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Q: Django Rest Framework - Test Client Post list of integers I'm doing an app using django and I want to unit test my viewsets.
I can test almost everything but, everytime I send an integer or a list to the viewset via API Client, in the viewset, the integer is converted to a string, therefore, that's a big fail for me :(
Example - test file:
body = {
    "age": 60
}
client = APIClient()
res = client.post(url, body, **headers, type='json')

In the ViewSet: request.data
{
    "age" "60"
}

A: This works:
client.post(url, json.dumps(body), **headers, format='json', content_type='application/json')

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Stay warm, dry, and concealed through multiple seasons with the custom fitting protection of the RedHead® Insulated Spandex Hunting Gloves for Men. These gloves combine the comfort and form fit of spandex construction, Thinsulate™ insulation, and a breathable, water resistant liner to keep your hands warm and dry through changing weather conditions. Dotted Grip Tech palms make it easy to keep a sure grip on your gun or bow, calls, and other gear. Extra long cuffs keep forearms covered and shielded from cool air.


Many of us on the Lime Green Giraffe staff may be a little biased. We all live in Georgia--well, most of us do (shout out to LGG staffer, Sabrina Y. in VA). There's also another thing the staff here at the LGG is bias toward and that is Disney. Yes! We love Disney.
Disney has had their moments in the past but now is winning over millions all over again with films such as Moana, Zootopia, Frozen and many more. So, considering the heat of the summer is still on everyone's minds and that we're all eager to go somewhere, I have compiled a quiz to sort out Georgia locations that are perfectly matched with some of the most famous and not so famous Disney characters we know and love today! Have fun.
Question 1: Are you more of classical person or a modern person?
A: Classic all the way.
B: Modern life is the life for me.
C: Both equally make me feel more independent and free.
D: I don't care as long as it gets the shippers off my back.
E: I always was a fan of a good pop ballad.
Question 2: Are you an introvert or an extrovert?
C: I'm still working on who I am but I'm okay with that.
D: Why can't people learn I need space?!
E: I love trying new things, as long as I have a musical intro.
F: I'm only an extrovert if they like books.
Question 3: Define your sense of humor.
E: Inside jokes with my small group of friends.
F: Memes are the best!
Question 4: Favorite type of music?
Question 5: What do you want in a relationship?
A: Someone who is just as willing to be themselves just as I am.
B: Someone who understands I'm seeing the world for the first time.
C: Someone who respects I'm learning who I am.
D: Someone who I can talk to and who will pull me out of the deep end.
E: Someone who can get me into new things AND someone who can work with a crazy rehearsal schedule.
F: Someone I can take my time with and read too.
Question 6: Thoughts on siblings?
A: I've never had one but I'd be completely dedicated to their happiness if I did.
B: I've been distant with my family for so long, meeting someone new would amazing!
C: I like going solo but I'd be cool if my parents had another baby.
E: I have siblings but we're not that close. They've had my back though so...I guess I owe them...something.
Question 7: How do you deal with secrets?
A: I've had to keep a lot of secrets. I can keep more if they don't complicate my life.
B: I can't keep them at all.
C: Not a fan. I've seen my family keep secrets to protect me.
D: I try to stay strong but eventually the guilt eats away at me.
E: I am a secret keeping pro.
F: I've never had to keep secrets. So, no experience.
Question 8: Do you hold grudges?
A: I may have once in high school.
B: Only once, but honestly that person ruined my life!
C: Never had too and I don't plan too.
D: I think I have a problem.
F: Only against that creeper that follows me everywhere.
Question 9: Hamilton (The Musical)?
A: I like it because my boyfriend/girlfriend enjoys it.
F: Why aren't they making a Hunger Games Musical yet?
Question 10: Would you like to meet a member of the LGG staff?
A: I don't know, are they okay with creepy things...I don't want the spiders getting lonely.
B: Oh my gosh! Yes! Girl Scout sisters! Totally.
C: Sure, meeting new friends sounds awesome.
D: *pauses* I DON'T EVEN KNOW YOU!
E: I mean you guys like Disney so I guess so.
F: Book nerd buddies!? Count me in!
Mostly A: You're a Master Gracey from The Haunted Mansion! You should go to Savannah! Master Gracey is a more obscure Disney character and he's also more open to interpretation; much like many of the great local legends of Savannah. Depending on your character source, the movie version, the comics or even the tumblr blog, he's usually considered to be one of the classier ghosts who inhabit the Haunted Mansion. He can come off as something of a royal pain. But Gracey is also deeply dedicated to those he cares about and doesn't mind what people think of him or his relationships. This matches the culture of Savannah itself, classy, well-mannered yet always kind.
Mostly B: You're a Rapunzel! You should go to the High Museum of Art! Rapunzel is a character who is seeing the world with clear eyes for the first time. Rapunzel also knows what she likes and what kind of things she needs from people. So, the High Museum of Art is one such place. Seeing the art itself is a treat onto itself but learning the history behind every statue and painting can be just as fascinating and insightful. The High Museum of Art is a perfect place to learn more about the world, the people you associate with as well as see more artistic inspiration of the world, perhaps with clearer eyes. Rapunzel would approve.
Mostly C: You're a Moana and should go to the Chattahoochee River! Moana is a character who knows what she likes. But unlike Rapunzel or Frozen's Elsa, Moana is struggling with who she is and what her purpose is in the grand scheme of life. Having some private time camping or boating* along one of the biggest rivers in Georgia can help you discover who you are. You may not have it all figured it out in one weekend but alone time or with a good sarcastic friend can do anyone a little good.
Mostly D: You're an Eddie Valiant from Who Framed Roger Rabbit! You should go to the Blue Ridge Mountains! Eddie Valiant is a very different character compared to most Disney characters. He's something of a jerk. He owns it. I think he has a very good reason for it. He loves his family and the loss of his brother has left Eddie a broken person who needs a good friend to talk too. The Blue Ridge area is a perfect isolated place to talk things out while still having a meaningful vacation or weekend get away with a supportive friend who is willing to listen and tolerate your amazing deadpan and sarcastic sense of humor. Plus, getting away from the city can serve as a powerful reminder you're not a bad person for grieving hard or missing family; it only means you're human.
Mostly E: You're an Ariel from The Little Mermaid. You should go to the Fox Theatre! Ariel is an independent and free-spirited individual who loves to sing. Taking your family or even your boyfriend/girlfriend (if you can get them past your dad or mom) to the theatre can be not only a fun night out but also help your family catch up on the Hamilton craze that has practically infected 69% of us here on staff.
Mostly F: You're a Belle from Beauty and the Beast! You should go to downtown Duluth! Duluth is a community with local events happening all the time. Duluth small town activities can be perfect for bonding moments with your significant other, just the kind of things that Belle and the Beast would enjoy. The downtown area has a bunch of nerdy cafes and a very friendly cafe which for all the writers can serve as great inspiration. Plus, chocolate ice cream from the Chocolatier and a good book can keep anyone distracted for hours. Oh yes, several of the LGG staff members live and hang out in Duluth. So, come and join our awesome nature.
Now keep in mind these Georgia destinations are only suggestions. Where you travel really depends on what intrigues you and how you personally spend your free time. However, having a fun Disney quiz to help you decide where to go is never be a bad thing!
*Follow all Girl Scout safety recommendations and regulations when camping and boating.


As the world is changing so are ways of doing business. It is no longer as simple as getting a brilliant idea backed by a powerful group of investors. It's much more hard work than that. With the ever-increasing competition taking a toll on our business, the pressure to remain visible and relevant has become an essential element of success. It is the age of smart work, not hard work and this smart work implies using the latest technologies to beat the heat of competition.
Thus, in order to be a thorough professional most company are taking the help of various interesting software like Imaging and Printing Group Giants Juan Marichal Jersey , Sage etc. These software programs take conventional manual work a step further giving them a clarity and efficiency that is seldom found in our normal way of working. Not only has this software made life comparatively easier for people running a business but they have also enhanced brand credibility and accountability. Although most of these software applications are meant for small business or start-ups, which have very little manpower, yet they have found relevance in all kinds of business enterprises cutting across the globe. Such is the outcome, that many IT companies are providing customized business solutions using these software.
Image and Printing Group is one such regular software used by major business houses. This is an essential part of running a business and takes care of all the imaging Giants Will Clark Jersey , prints and other materials. Here the deal is to provide a good quality inkjet printer, design jet, scanners and photocopy machines – all in one place. Thus taking care of all the printing need of the office, Sage is one such software Giants Deion Sanders Jersey , which does that. Sage comes with various versions and various programs. Each of them is utilized for a particular. Mostly it's the Sage Accounting, which takes care of accounting, payroll and the HR staff.
Other than that, there is another feature known as the sage pastel my business Giants Matt Williams Jersey , which virtually runs your business on your behalf. Here is an app, which deals with all your account – your investments, your expenditures, prioritize your purchases Giants Mel Ott Jersey , sets pace for what is working and what isn't working for the business. It even has a to-do list to prioritize your work based on urgency. It takes care of your finances and reminds you when and whom to pay up, and to whom you owe money. It has a customer care interface providing you insights into what's hit among the customers, sales review and things which made an impact on people.
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I feel they went above and beyond to make sure things were taking care of.
We truly appreciated Todd at the front desk: we had to check in Saturday morning because we arrived after 6 Friday. Todd was at the front desk and he not only engaged in conversation, but listened to what we said (not typical for a young person these days to engage or listen to old women). Anyway, we knew that he actually listened because his suggestions fit our needs and personalities absolutely perfectly - from where to walk, to groceries, to fresh fish, to wine - and knowing that snacks were big on our needs list, he even threw in a stop at the wine store, the one with snacks :) He was a joy!
Very nice! My friend thought it perfect and a beautiful 70th birthday for sure.
Very welcoming people. Maintenance staff was very polite.
We LOVED our stay!!!! We will be back!!
As always, your team very pleasant and very customer oriented.
We loved it! View incredible! Just what the doctor ordered. We most certainly will be back!!
The staff at Summerwinds was amazing. They were always friendly and helpful. They even gave suggestions on where to dine. They went out of their way to accommodate us.
We will be back next fall. We would love get to the same condo again.
I came in late so I checked in the next morning. I left my favorite ball point pen at check in.The front desk man still had my pen when I checked out and even let me have it back.Very good man.
Super nice condo with a professional decorator with extremely great taste had to have to get the warm and comfortable setting.I loved being that close to the water and really got some first class sleep "Afraid that staying up late and howling at the moon nights are behind me" all together a great experience seeing the great staff and that wonderful condo.
Staff was very friendly and informative about checking in after hours.
Very much enjoyed our stay. The beach is very nice with really clear water. Love that the pier was so close and that there were multiple pools and hot tubs (so if one felt crowded you could go to the other) The Condo was very nice...just a hand full of minor adjustments and it would exceed all expectations.
All of the team were very friendly and very professional. Awesome group of people.
The Condo was very nice. Had everything you need for your stay. We will be back next year, and we will stay again in 1004, if possible. Can't wait!!!!
Everybody I talked to on this team was excellent.
We love it. We are coming back there Nov 7, 8th, & 9th for another stay. We haven't made reservations yet. There is an air show in Pensacola on this weekend. Even thought the drive is about an hour, it is well worth the drive to stay there.
The Check in girl was amazing!!
It was a great stay we had fun! Thank you for the congratulatory champagne!!!


SIS 2.5 can be used on Windows for development and evaluation!
Based on CGIN — SIS 2.5 is now based on OpenCloud's CGIN 1.5, and adds support for new functionality and more protocols.
ACN Rewrite — IN services can now be invoked with a different application context than the triggering protocol.
Interceptor Components — Interceptors can now be deployed as components and can be invoked directly by SLEE applications.
FCI Interaction — Pass-through has been added as a composition interaction option for handling FurnishChargingInformation operations from an IN service.
R-IM-SSF Enhancements — New functionality has been added to the R-IM-SSF to support more call scenarios.
consolidation — SIS 2.5 consolidates all bug fixes from all SIS 2.4 patch releases.
SIS 2.5 now uses OpenCloud's CGIN 1.5.
The CGIN Connectivity Pack is OpenCloud's product for integrating with SS7 networks and supporting functional and load testing of SS7-based applications. CGIN 1.5 is the latest revision of this product.
CGIN 1.5 adds a static copyOf() method to all generated datatypes. This method creates a new object of the type the method is called on, cloning the values of common fields contained in the method argument. The SIS script elements <object> and <array>, used to construct objects or arrays of arbitrary types, have been updated to support copyOf().
SIS 2.5 includes new optional support for Siemens INAP 7m+.
This means that SIS is now based on the latest OpenCloud technology, ensuring the product is both robust and easily extendable.
IN services can now be configured to be invoked with a specific protocol application context name. The SIS will invoke the service using the specified application context, regardless of the triggering protocol.
This allows services implemented only for protocol X to be used in a SIS composition triggered by protocol Y.
The SIS doesn't natively perform any protocol translation. If translation of protocol messages is required then this still must be implemented separately using interceptors.
Interceptor components can be invoked as a subroutine while evaluating an embedded interceptor or another interceptor component.
SLEE applications can invoke interceptor components as part of their business logic to allow external customisation and manipulation of protocol messages on dialogs not managed by the SIS, for example in applications performing protocol translation.
Pass-through has been added as a composition interaction option for handling FurnishChargingInformation operations from an IN service.
This option simply allows all FCI operations from any service that sends them to pass through to the network without SIS interference.
Parallel alerting is now supported if the SIP dialog is forked.
The SIP-AS can now initiate a new call in the IN using the R-IM-SSF.
Multiple participants may now be added to any call.
Call party hold and resume is now supported if an appropriate media change is detected in a re-INVITE.
User interaction using a SIP MRF instead of an IN announcement device is now supported.
Mid-call user interaction is now supported.


That's right! My short story, Princess for Hire has been accepted by new Canadian ePublisher MuseItUp Publishing. It will be coming out in May 2011!
After winning his kingdom in a legendary poker game twenty years ago, Princess Mina's father loses the kingdom just as easily. Now alone and penniless, Mina must rely on her sword to support them both.
When the princess-turned-mercenary is offered a contract to save a prince that will pay enough to keep her father laid up in luxury for yet another year, she and her business partner snap up the deal. Dragons and all.
But when she's faced with a seedy mage and a prince who doesn't want any woman to rescue him, Mina quickly learns the so-far-unseen dragon is the least of her worries.
Princess was one of the first short stories I ever wrote (I did it on a challenge from one of my crit partners). I'm much more a novel length writer, but I thought I'd take a stab. And I liked how it turned out. But, the story is a bit quirky, so I'm very excited that it found a home with MuseItUp! Since they're so new, their bookstore doesn't open until October, but they've got some great stories lined up!
I'm due to get my first round of edits this week. *Squee* I know, I must be the only person to be excited about edits, but even if I'm sick of the story by the time it's published, it will always be my first published story.
Can't get much better than that!
Congratulations! Sounds like an interesting story.
I love that only a few people will get the in-joke with a certain name. Congrats hun!
New follower here — hello! Huge congrats on publishing your short story !!! I look forward to reading it.
I write short fiction too, but am in the throes of attempting my first novel. Quite a different process!
Thanks everyone! I can't wait for you all to read it – wish it was coming out now 🙂 Maybe once it gets closer I'll be able to post a teaser!
HA! Krista – you're never going to let me forget it are you???
Welcome Nicole! Glad to have you aboard 🙂 Keep us posted on how the novel is going!
Mandy – you'd better love the blurb! You helped write it!


This week was biscuit week on Great British Bake Off and the technical challenge that the bakers had to complete were Mary Berry's florentines. Now, to help clarify, in the UK, biscuits aren't simply synonymous with cookies. Biscuits tend to be a bit crispy or crunchy, whereas a cookie tends to be softer and chewier, especially in the center. It gets extra confusing when they make savory biscuits (with cheese and stuff in them), because in my head, those are crackers. Cookies are sweet and they certainly don't have cheese in them! Oh well, another one of those epicurean curiosities of living in another country.
I decided to continue in my theme this season and follow along with all of the technical challenges, so I looked up Mary's recipe that was used for the show to give these nutty, fruity, crunchy biscuits a go. They were a bit trickier than last week's cherry cake, but that's because you have to be very precise when measuring them out so that they're all equal. And even then, a couple of mine spread unevenly.
1. First, preheat your oven to 350° F (175°C). Line a few baking trays with baking paper, and set aside.
2. In a small pan over low heat, add the butter, sugar, and golden syrup. Heat gently until the butter melts. Once melted, remove the pan from the heat and add in the rest of your ingredients (except the chocolate!). It'll form into a sticky, gooey mixture.
3. Now this is where it gets a bit tricky. You need to divide the dough into 18 biscuits. In theory, you could just add up all the weights and divide by 18 (so 18 grams each), but nope! Because the mixture is so sticky, you're bound to lose a bit of weight to bits getting stuck to your hands or spoon or everything. So I measured mine out to be between 15 and 16 grams each to be sure I had that covered. Place each of your 18 dough balls evenly across your prepared baking sheets, making sure there's plenty of room for them to spread.
4. Bake for 8-10 minutes, until they turn a dark, golden brown around the edges. Remove them from the oven to cool, then carefully move them to a wire rack for the next stage. To quote Mary, the should have a "nice lacy texture" to them, with the edges uneven and you should be able to see through them a bit.
5. Temper your chocolate by heating half of it in a heatproof bowl over a pan of water on medium heat. Once it's melted, remove the bowl from the heat and add in the rest of the chocolate. This should make your chocolate nice and shiny when it sets.
6. Using a palette knife, or offset spatula, gently coat the underside of your biscuit with the chocolate, and then place it upside down on a wire rack to set. Once the chocolate begins to set up, drag a fork back and forth through the chocolate to create the "signature zig zag" look. Then allow the chocolate to cool and set completely.


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Current students main menu - homepage
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Awards and success 12 June 2019
Two Westminster students attend UEFA Champions League Final Screening thanks to Santander Universities
Two University of Westminster students were selected for an exclusive leadership training event on 1 June and enjoyed the screening of the Champions League final game as part of our partnership with Santander Universities.
Abi Azeez and Trung Le were invited to a Leadership Masterclass afternoon at Tottenham Hotspur's new stadium, led by renowned sports psychologist Jeremy Snape MSc.
After the Leadership Masterclass, the students had the opportunity to go on a stadium tour, followed by watching a live transmission of the biggest game of the season.
Jeremy Snape MSc is an ex-England and county cricketer who has combined his playing experience with a Master's Degree in Sport Psychology to help both sporting and non-sporting organisations improve leadership and management performance.
Matt Hutnell, Director of Santander Universities UK, said: "We're thrilled to have offered students from all our partner universities this fantastic opportunity to attend a series of leadership activities whilst highlighting the positive and lasting impact that sports such as football have on people and communities around the world. We are committed to supporting higher education and hope the sessions provided an invaluable insight and the skills needed for students to build upon as they develop their careers."
The event was also held in celebration of Santander's sponsorship of the UEFA Champions League. Santander's purpose is to help people and businesses prosper and the sponsorship enables Santander to deliver its purpose in new ways to more people and their communities.
Santander, through its Santander Universities division, maintains partnerships with close to 1,200 academic institutions in 20 countries. Santander Universities was introduced in the UK in 2007 and the bank now has partnerships with over 80 universities, providing over £10m of funding in 2018 to support university staff and students. In 2015, Santander topped the Global list of Fortune 500 in investment in education (Source: Varkey Report/UNESCO).
Six lucky Westminster students win prizes for taking part in the National Student Survey
Awards and success
Westminster's Big Idea Competition Now Live
Westminster Distinctiveness Awards 2018
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View the full University calendar
Dial 020 7911 5000 ext. 5555
Dial 5555 from a campus landline
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Report an accident or incident
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text:
Keyword: randpaul
Kentucky Sen. Rand Paul says Biden is 'calling us racist' in inauguration speech
01/21/2021 2:20:42 PM PST · by RandFan · 31 replies
Kentucky.com ^ | 1/21/21 AT 8:01 AM EST | BY JEREMY CHISENHALL
Kentucky Sen. Rand Paul quickly criticized President Joe Biden's inauguration speech on Wednesday, saying Biden was calling Republicans racist. "If you read his speech and listen to it carefully, much of it is thinly-veiled innuendo calling us white supremacists, calling us racists, calling us every name in the book, calling us people who don't tell the truth," Paul said on Fox News Primetime. Paul said he also thought Biden was calling his political opponents liars.
Sean Hannity and Sen. Rand Paul Have Posted Their First Parleys Since Amazon Shut Down Parler
Parler ^ | 01/21/2021
From Sean Hannity: Sean Hannity 01/20/2021 @seanhannity I've spent my entire career fighting for free speech, even for those I strongly disagree with. We stand with Parler in the fight for free and open dialogue. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ From Senator Rand Paul Senator Rand Paul 01/20/2021 @RandPaul Competition is the surest means to preserving free speech. Everyone, left and right, should be horrified at Big Tech's attempt to stamp out speech. I wish Parler and all other innovators success in keeping the marketplace of ideas open and uncensored.
The Ultimate Irony: How A Threatened Swamp Fulfilled Trump's Doomed Dream To Crack Down On Riots
01/20/2021 2:52:52 PM PST · by Kaslin · 10 replies
The Federalist ^ | January 20, 2021 | Christopher Bedford
Unable to convince his deputies to clamp down on disorder while in power, Donald Trump now leaves a city occupied to cheers in honor of his successor (and his successor's army).WASHINGTON — For six months, President Donald Trump pushed for a harsher crackdown on the riots raging across the United States, facing constant pushback from officials worried that would further inflame the chaos and lead to needless death. As Joe Biden takes the oath of office and Trump exits Washington, the outgoing president's dream is finally realized — ironically, too late to change a thing.Over the past week, somewhere between...
Rand Paul to Blinken: "Like Biden and Clinton you've been a consistent supporter of intervention in the Middle East"
YouTube ^ | Jan 19 | Sen. Rand Paul
Sen. Rand Paul Questions Sec. of State Nominee Blinken on Regime Change. "... It's a DISASTER!" Video...
Rand Paul warns Senate Republicans will 'destroy the party' if they vote to convict Trump
Washington Times ^ | Jan 17 | By Valerie Richardson
Sen. Rand Paul, Kentucky Republican, warned Friday that Senate Republicans will "destroy the party" if they vote to convict President Trump. Mr. Paul, who previously condemned the U.S. Capitol rioting and voted against objections to the 2020 presidential election, said one-third of voters would leave if Senate Republicans get behind the "insane and wrongheaded" impeachment push. "Look, I didn't agree with the fight that happened last week, and I voted against overturning the election, but at the same time, the impeachment is a wrongheaded, partisan notion," said Mr. Paul on Fox's "The Ingraham Angle." "But if Republicans go along with...
Rand Paul warns ONE THIRD of Republicans will leave the party if McConnell allows Trump to be convicted in impeachment trial as president plans revenge on 10 GOP lawmakers who voted against him
01/16/2021 1:33:43 PM PST · by knighthawk · 107 replies
UK Daily Mail ^ | January 16 2021 | MATTHEW WRIGHT
Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) declared that roughly 'a third' of all Republicans would leave the party if GOP senators team up with Democrats to impeach President Donald Trump as the lame duck president seeks to punish the 10 Republican representatives that voted for impeachment. Speaking with Fox News host Laura Ingraham Friday, Paul claimed that efforts to impeach Trump after he incited the mob last week were 'purely a partisan thing.' 'I didn't agree with the fight that happened last week, and I voted against overturning the election,' Paul said.
Sen. Rand Paul talks impeachment and Capitol riots
WNKY ^ | Jan 13 | Lexi Schweinert
BOWLING GREEN, Ky.- Wednesday Sen. Rand Paul, exactly one week after the attack on the Capitol described the events as a "bad day in our history." When asked if the Capitol event would cause tensions within the Republican party and this is what he had to say. "You know I think it was a bad day in our history. What happened at the Capitol was led by people who had this misguided notion that the Congress should or would overturn the Electoral College. What I try to explain to people over and over again is the Electoral College is based...
Rand is annoying me a bit...
twitter ^ | Jan 8 | Sen. Rand Paul
@RandPaul My thoughts and prayers go out to Capitol Police Officer Brian Sicknick and his family. The Capitol police serve our nation well and this violence is inexcusable. [Links to NYT article]
Rand Paul on the Senate floor: "I can't vote to overturn the verdict of States"
YouTube ^ | Jan 7 | Sen. Rand Paul
Sen. Rand Paul on Protecting the Electoral College and Federalism Video...[2 mins 53 secs]
Rand Paul's speech from an "undisclosed location"
01/06/2021 2:58:17 PM PST · by RandFan · 167 replies
@RandPaulThis is the speech I'll be giving today from an undisclosed location. I wrote a speech today. I was planning to say I fear the chaos of establishing a precedent that Congress can overturn elections. Boy, was I right. Chaos. Anarchy. It's wrong and un-American. The vote we are about to cast is important. Now more than ever. The question is: Should Congress override the certified results from the states and nullify the states' right to conduct elections? The vote today is not a protest; the vote today is literally to overturn the election! Voting to overturn state-certified elections would...
Rand Paul: "My oath to the Constitution doesn't allow me to disobey the law. I cannot vote to overturn the verdict of the states"
CNN ^ | Jan 6 | CNN
@CNNPolitics Republican Sen. Rand Paul: "My oath to the Constitution doesn't allow me to disobey the law. I cannot vote to overturn the verdict of the states"
Rand Paul: Today's mayhem sets back any intelligent debate for a generation
01/06/2021 2:12:25 PM PST · by conservative98 · 145 replies
https://mobile.twitter.com/RandPaul/status/1346919767328882689 ^ | 1/6/21 | Rand Paul
Violence and mob rule is wrong and un-American, and it will not bring about election reform. Today's mayhem sets back any intelligent debate for a generation. Just stop it.— Senator Rand Paul (@RandPaul) January 6, 2021
To Protect The Vulnerable, These Politicians Put Themselves At The Back Of The COVID Vaccine Line
01/04/2021 7:50:31 AM PST · by Kaslin · 10 replies
The Federalist ^ | January 4, 2021 | Paulina Enck
'The mere suggestion that Members of Congress are in any way more important than the very people who gave us the privilege of serving in Congress is appalling.'As COVID-19 vaccine disbursement has begun, the question arises of who deserves the first doses. While many agree that priority should go towards the most vulnerable, including the elderly and health-care workers, one group that likely was nowhere near the top of anyone's list has jumped to the front of the line: politicians. Public officials were granted priority, and several elected officials made use of their spot in line. While few would begrudge...
Rand Paul: Snowden revealed that the most POWERFUL spy in the world, James Clapper, spied on Americans and lied about it
12/31/2020 10:17:50 AM PST · by RandFan · 27 replies
NY Post ^ | Dec 25 | By Ebony Bowden
WASHINGTON — Republicans in Congress are pushing President Trump to grant clemency to whistleblower Edward Snowden amid a blitz of pardons during his final weeks in the White House, according to a new report. Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.) and Rep. Matt Gaetz (R-Fla.), as well as recently pardoned Trump associate Roger Stone, have all asked the president in recent days to drop the criminal charges against the former National Security Agency contractor, Politico reported Thursday. The president's allies reportedly see Trump as increasingly amenable to the controversial idea and have pitched Snowden as someone who was unfairly persecuted after exposing...
'Smart toilet' grant flushes $6.9M away, Rand Paul says
12/31/2020 9:54:53 AM PST · by BuckeyeGW · 20 replies
Washington Examiner ^ | 12/331/20 | Kerry Picket
Kentucky Republican Sen. Rand Paul brought to light a $6.9 million provision for a "smart toilet" that was part of his annual federal government waste report that tabulated $54.7 billion in government waste in the past year.
Federal Grant: $6.9 Million to Develop 'Smart Toilet' That Identifies Your 'Analprint' [?!?]
12/31/2020 12:19:51 AM PST · by Olog-hai · 69 replies
Cybercast News Service ^ | December 28, 2020 | 2:29pm EST | Michael W. Chapman
In his latest report on federal government waste, a project he completes every year, Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.) highlights $54.7 billion in government spending that he deems wasteful. Among the items noted this year is the creation of a $6.9 million "smart toilet," which operates with three cameras, one of which can identify a user's "analprint." As explained in The Festivus Report 2020, researchers at Stanford University used $6,973,057 in funds granted through the National Cancer Institute, which is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to create a so-called "smart toilet." The purpose of the toilet is to...
Sen. Rand Paul Says Governors Becoming 'Czars' During Pandemic
12/26/2020 9:59:42 AM PST · by cutty · 24 replies
Newsmax. ^ | 25 December 2020 | Charlie McCarthy
Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., lambasted governors for locking down their states during the coronavirus pandemic. "You know, nobody ever intended that governors would be sort of czars or dictators in charge of the economy ... Governors around the country have imposed restrictions to varying degrees during the pandemic. In Paul's home state, Democrat Gov. Andy Beshear has implemented a mask mandate, limited private gathering sizes, and set minimal capacity for indoor small businesses such as gyms . .. New York Democrat Gov. Mario Cuomo ordered restaurants to again stop indoor dining in mid-December. California Democrat Gov. Gavin Newsom said Monday...
Rand Paul attacks COVID-19 relief bill
12/26/2020 9:31:33 AM PST · by RandFan · 3 replies
WSJ ^ | Dec 26 | Sen. Rand Paul
Republicans like to mock Modern Monetary Theory—the idea that government can print money with impunity, that government can spend whatever it wants without the need to tax. Modern Monetary Theory is basically the Dick Cheney "deficits don't matter" crowd trussed up with a new fancy title. Most Republican rightly lampoon this quackery—that is, when they're not practicing the quackery themselves. Today many of these same Republicans will vote for a bill that makes Modern Monetary Theory look like child's play in comparison. This bill is free money for everyone. Proponents don't care if you're fully employed or own your own...
Rand Paul: One Of America's Greatest Freedom Fighters At TPUSA's Student Action Summit
YouTube ^ | Dec 21 | TPUSA
Senator Rand Paul Is One Of America's Greatest Defenders Of Liberty! Check Out His Speech At TPUSA's Student Action Summit 2020 Topics covered: Masks Vaccines Dr. Fauci Racism Capatalism Stolen election Watch...
'Smart Toilets,' Afghan Book Clubs, and Lizard Treadmills: Sen. Rand Paul's Report Exposes $55 Billion in Government Waste
12/23/2020 10:04:53 PM PST · by SeekAndFind · 8 replies
Foundation for Economic Education ^ | 12/23/2020 | Brad Polumbo
Everybody celebrates the holiday season in their own way. Each year, Senator Rand Paul invokes the spirit of the fictional grievance-airing holiday "Festivus" from Seinfeld to release an annual taxpayer waste report—and boy, is this one a doozy.The libertarian-leaning Kentucky lawmaker's report for 2020 finds an astounding $54.7 billion wasted by the federal government this year. (That's not even an exhaustive figure for the federal government, nor does it account for the vast levels of waste by state and local governments.)To put the nearly $55 billion wasted in context, Paul's office explains that this is equivalent to wasting the taxes...


Photograph of Conscientious Objectors at Dyce Camp (a quarry works near Aberdeen), October 1916. From the collection of Conscientious Objector Howard Marten (born 1884). Reference GB 0206 Liddle Collection CO 061.
What's that, you ask? A Conscientious Objector is someone in the military who objects to violence on religious or moral grounds. In certain circumstances they can serve in non-combatant roles. Growing up in the Seventh-Day Adventist church, I heard a lot about Desmond Doss, an Adventist Conscientious Objector who served as a medic. Through heroic and self-sacrificial service, he won the Congressional Medal of Honor.
I have no illusions that I will be heroic, but I will being doing my best to follow Jesus. I'm tired of having people co-opt Jesus for their political agendas — both on the left and the right. Jesus said and did things that were profoundly political, but He was not the founder of a political party.
As a follower of Jesus my actions are also political, but my loyalty is not to any cultural agenda. My loyalty is to Jesus. Not only to Jesus as my Lord, but also to Jesus as my guide. That means that the way I follow is just as important as the One I follow.
To remind myself, I wrote this declaration. Some people in my community have found it helpful, and so I share it with you.
I claim Conscientious Objector status in the culture war.
* If you'd like a nicely formatted version of this declaration for yourself, you can download a .pdf here.


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Riveting documentary chronicling what happens with in the court rooms where the fate of those involuntarily committed are examined by a judge to see if they can be let go. The screenings are based on a French law that requires a judge to weigh in on involuntary committals within 12 days of a patient entering a hospital.
Made up of 10 meetings between patients and judges the film is little more that a series of close ups of the patient and the judges. They are spaced by shots of the hospital hallways. Its very minimalist but absolutely captivating since there is so much drama in each encounter we simply can not look away.
Deeply moving and at times troubling look at how the mentally ill are treated in France. While it is clear that many of the people need help, its also clear that anyone of us is a hairs breadth from being locked up.


Borya sphaerocephala 2 Karlgarin Nat Res, Western Australia 111006 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).
Borya sphaerocephala 3 W Hyden, Western Australia 111006 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).
Borya sphaerocephala 4 W Hyden, Western Australia 111006 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).
Borya sphaerocephala 5 W Hyden, Western Australia 111006 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).
Borya sphaerocephala 8 Yarra Road SE Perth, Western Australia 111007 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).
Borya sphaerocephala 9 Yarra Road SE Perth, Western Australia 111007 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).
Borya sphaerocephala 1 Karlgarin Nat Res, Western Australia 111006 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).
Borya sphaerocephala 6 W Hyden, Western Australia 111006 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).
Borya sphaerocephala 7 W Hyden, Western Australia 111006 - Photo: Jan Thomas Johansson (© 2014 Jan Thomas Johansson).


The team's winning experiment focuses on the evaluation of self-healing materials in microgravity. It is currently slated to be launched to the International Space Station aboard NG10 in fall of 2018.
Higher Orbits would like to extend a special thanks to all of the volunteers for the events in the Cygnus Series and Orbital ATK (now Northrup Grumman) for their support as Series Sponsor.
The team's winning experiment focuses on the evaluation of radiotrophic fungi in microgravity as a possible radiation barrier. It is currently slated to be launched to the International Space Station aboard SpaceX CRS-16 in the Fall of 2018.
Higher Orbits would also like to extend a special thanks to all of our presenting partners and event sponsors for the Durham Series.
Team NESS's winning experiment focuses on post-hibernation bee behavior and flight patterns in micro-gravity. It is currently scheduled to be launched to the International Space Station aboard SpaceX CRS-15, currently scheduled for launch on June 28, 2018.
Higher Orbits would also like to extend a special thanks to all of our presenting partners and event sponsors for the Centaurus A Division.
Saguaro Snake's winning experiment grows plants in microgravity to test how nitrogen being put back into the soil might be affected by the microgravity conditions. It is currently scheduled to be launched to the International Space Station aboard Cygnus CRS OA-8, the ninth planned flight of the Orbital ATK unmanned resupply spacecraft Cygnus on November 10, 2017.
The experiment did successfully launch to station aboard OA-8; however, due to technical difficulties, didn't return any data. The experiment was reflown aboard OA-9 and we are eagerly awaiting data!
Higher Orbits would also like to extend a special thanks to all of our presenting partners and event sponsors for the Orbital ATK Division.
Frank Culbertson, former NASA astronaut and President of Orbital ATK͛s Space Systems Group.
Operation Galaxy X's winning experiment studies the reproduction and life cycle of mealworms in space. It is currently scheduled to be launched to the International Space Station aboard Cygnus CRS OA-8E, the ninth planned flight of the Orbital ATK unmanned resupply spacecraft Cygnus on November 10, 2017.
The experiment was successfully flown on station and the team is busy working to analyze the data!
Higher Orbits would also like to extend a special thanks to all of our presenting partners and event sponsors for the AIAA Division.
DASA's winning experiment is about testing the effects of radiation on living cells in space. It is currently scheduled to be launched to the International Space Station aboard SpaceX-12 in August 2017.
Team DASA experiment launched to the International Space Station aboard CRS-12!
Experiments like these make it to space through your charitable contributions!
to explore the exciting possibilities offered by space and space exploration!


The Form Gallery, Issue #069 - "Shepherdbase December 2013 Update"
I pray everyone had a Blessed & Merry Christmas! This issue is short because it is just for Shepherdbase customers. I will be sending out another newsletter next Monday.
If you purchased Shepherdbase before December 11, 2013 then read below for instructions on how to receive your Shepherdbase December 2013 Update free of charge. If you purchased after December 11, 2013 then you have the updated current version of Shepherdbase.
I have some good news though, I did also update the Weekly Contributions report and added the first names and envelope numbers. To receive this update I need everyone to contact me at terressa@freechurchforms.com and give me the month and year you purchased Shepherdbase and I will immediately send you the current updated version of Shepherdbase free of charge via email with no questions asked.
You need to contact me soon because you will want to begin your new year (2014) with the updated version of Shepherdbase. If you don't want to re-enter all your member's personal information again then you can click the link below to download instructions to import your data from your current Shepherdbase into the updated new Shepherdbase version.
Have a Blessed & Happy New Year!


Justin Corday snatched a late winner to earn relegation-threatened Somerset Trojans their first league win of the season at Somerset Cricket Club yesterday.
The Trojans midfielder lashed in Jaden Ratteray-Smith's cross in the 90th minute to finally settle a scrappy match, which contest neither side managed to take charge of.
"It feels good to win and the first one always feels good," said Corday, who gave Trojans a 1-0 advantage at the break before Kyler Knights equalised for the visiting side near the hour mark.
Musceo Hunt, the Trojans coach, was pleased with his team's work ethic and hopes they can build on the encouraging result and steer clear of relegation.
"The players worked hard and they deserved the victory, especially playing with the intensity that was needed to get us the win," he said.
Trojans were indeed deserving of their win as they held a slight advantage possession-wise and created more chances.
The home side came out swinging with forwards D'Andre Wainwright and Deunte Darrell wreaking havoc with their movement and pace.
Darrell picked out Jaden Ratteray-Smith with a superb pass on a quick break, but Ratteray-Smith's angled shot was comfortably saved by Village goalkeeper Tahj Bell.
Trojans threatened again when defender Coolidge Durham had a volley headed away off the line by Village midfielder Chekai Caisey.
The home side were awarded a penalty after a handball, but Village were let off the hook as Trojans captain Damon Swan dragged his spot kick wide.
However, Village would not be as fortunate moments later as Corday finished off some unselfish play by Darrell to put Trojans in front.
Darrell beat the offside trap and after drawing the goalkeeper and defence towards him, passed to the wide open Corday who finished the job.
Village's only real chance during the first half came when Pierre Smith's header from a free kick was saved by Trojans goalkeeper Shaquille Bean.
Whatever advice Village coach Randy Spence gave his players during the break certainly had the desired effect as the visiting side came out a completely different side in the second half.
Village started stringing together passes and creating space and it came as no surprise when Knights pounced to bring the teams level.
The full back ran unchecked into the box and smashed Caisey's corner into the roof of the net.
The game then opened up with both sides throwing numbers forward in search of a winner.
Trojans midfielder Jaz Ratteray-Smith gave an ominous sign of things to come when he went close twice to regaining the lead.
First, he did well to create enough space under pressure to fire off a shot that flashed just wide of the far post and then had another effort from close range saved by Bell.
Trojans dominated the closing minutes and finally made the breakthrough when Corday hit the target from close range after his initial attempt rebounded back into his path.
"It was a hard loss today," Spence, the Village coach, said. "I thought we at least deserved a share of the spoils but mental lapses in the game cost us.
Somerset Trojans: S Bean — M Henschke (sub: A Seaman, 86min), C Durham, S Brangman, T Ming, D Swan (sub, Z Smith, 86) Jaz Ratteray-Smith (sub: K Hollis, 86), Jadan Ratteray-Smith, J Corday, D Darrell, D Wainwright. Substitutes not used: H Butterfield, J Butterfield, S Tatum, D Zuill, Y Williams. Booked: Wainwright.
North Village (4-3-3): T Bell — J Thomas, K Francoios, P Castle, K Knights, M Thomas, C Caisey, D Dillas, Z Hendrickson, P Smith, J Smith-DeShields (sub: W Shakir, 88). Substitutes not used: G Butterfield, J Briers, K Dill. Booked: J Thomas, Caisey, M Thomas, Z Hendrickson, Knights.


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text:
Air Canada cancelling YUL-YHM
SpaceshipDC10
Just on month after adding a third frequency, Air Canada has decided to completely stop the service as of March 30th. In the meantime, flights will be reduced to once daily from January 9th.
https://globalnews.ca/news/4712423/air- ... eal-route/
Here are the schedules when service was announced back in 2016: https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/ai ... -may-2016/
skymiler
Re: Air Canada cancelling YUL-YHM
Interesting. I had thought that this route would have potential. When I lived in YHM many years ago NordAir had 737's on this route and it was SOOO convenient not to have to fight my way to YYZ (and that disaster of the original round terminal). The is a large catchment are south and west of YYZ (Niagara Peninsular, west towards Brantford, etc) that might appreciate this service, although US destinations can use BUF (as I am later this week on my way to YHM...).
I love to fly, and it shows!
Jetsouth
Joined: Sun Nov 27, 2016 12:59 pm
It makes one wonder if YHM can really be an alternative to YYZ. Westjet originally started operations there, which were quickly transferred to YYZ. And Flair did the same thing. One could argue that Swoop was only there to try to stop Flair. Will Swoop now end its scheduled flights from there? Seems that Hamilton's market can only be the occasional flight to the Caribbean, and perhaps the Westjet flight to Calgary. Besides that, for scheduled flights it appears that it is still more convenient to go to Buffalo or Toronto. Perhaps Buffalo beats Hamilton in price, and YYZ beats Hamilton in flight frequency.
Jetsouth wrote:
It makes one wonder if YHM can really be an alternative to YYZ.
YHM is a great airport for a passenger, so I never really understood why it doesn't do better than it does. A lot of airlines have tried without success.
As a young lad, in the 1970s, I remember flying YHM-YOW-YUL on a ND FH-227, returning YUL-YHM on a ND L188 ... so the service has been around a long time!
I do note however, historically, YHM has been more expensive than YYZ for both YOW and YUL ... right back to the Nordair days. Presently, about $70 more for the round trip YHM-YUL-YHM over YYZ. For a family of 4, that would be worth the 45 minute drive to YYZ from YHM.
I would have thought that transferring in YUL for European flights would be better than driving on the QEW to YYZ instead. I guess not-maybe AC didn't price it effectively?
Skywatcher wrote:
If one takes the 407 from Hamilton you get to YYZ in no time, even in rush hour. Probably easier to just drive to YYZ and avoid the transfer in Montreal. Plus more European destinations, including discount flights, from YYZ than from YUL.
What people forget is that, for instance if you live in eastern Hamilton, or in Burlington, it is only about 50 km to YYZ, (about 35 min) , assuming you take the 407. If you go from the same locations to YHM, its about 25km, (about 20 min). For the extra 25 km, and 15 min of driving, it is worth the lower flight costs, and increased flight options out of YYZ
CFWAD
Maybe airlines or the airport itself should start marketing it as Hamilton/Niagara Falls Airport? Purely marketing, I understand, but YHM is the closest Canadian airport offering commercial flights to Niagara Falls.
I wonder with YHM's cargo revenue, how much is used to offset their passenger airline incentives, if any.
Does YHM have an AIF? Am too lazy to Google.
CaVOK
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The only way that YHM may work is if they offered significant frequency. For instance, I think that SCOOP only flies to Halifax from Hamilton a few times a week. This does not make sense for a business person going there for a one-day conference, that he may have to stay there an additional day or two if he wants a flight back to Hamilton. But on the other hand, if there were daily flights there, or more than one flight a day, there just may not be significant demand to fill all those flights. The frequent flights from YHM to YUL offered by AC may certainly have been convenient, but there just wasn't enough people to fill all those flights.
maximairways
Any chance of seeing AC start BUF-YUL. With them ending ROC-YYZ, SYR-YYZ, and YHM-YUL that leaves a decent sized region without AC service.
Dominion301
Swoop have announced a partial summer schedule already and will continue serving YHM to YWG, YHZ, YEG and YXX, plus all the new YHM-transborder stuff they'll be flying this winter. WS mainline continues to serve YYC-YHM.
https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/s ... 21282.html
In the coming months, Swoop will finalize the remaining additions to the schedule including incorporating plans for their seventh aircraft, which is expected to be delivered in May of 2019.
So AC are leaving YHM again. They never did try to capture any meaningful YHM-YUL O&D traffic as a) as longhauler noted the fares are way higher than YYZ and b) they surely would have re-launched YHM-YOW if they were focussing on O&D.
I still am baffled that Flair left YHM for YYZ given they're still such a Mickey Mouse outfit and I don't see how they're getting a YYZ fare premium of offset the higher YYZ costs.
Jetlines, which in 2019 truly seem like they are at last on the verge of launching, have said they'll be at YHM.
YHM always seems to be one step forward, two steps back.
Going back to CanJet, part of the problem, seemed to be, right airline, wrong aircraft type...that sums of CanJet as a whole. I'd fly YOW-YHM on a Friday or Sunday night and the 737 would be 100% full almost always. But on a Tuesday or Wednesday night there'd be 40-60 pax on board almost always...40 or less in the dead of winter, yet in dead of winter Friday/Sunday flights would still be nearly full. If CanJet had bought Q400s to go along with the 737s and had a clear vision as to what they wanted to be (and had non-friends and family running the place), they'd probably be the ULCC alternative today with 30-50 aircraft flying around.
EChid
As a potential candidate for the flight (from an O/D perspective), the things that never made me take it were:
- It was either the same price as YUL/YYZ or more expensive, and YYZ offers much more frequency and more reliable transfer to a rental car
- The services on the other end weren't super reliable (lots of reviews of car rental agents just not being there despite bookings)
- YUL>YXU was even closer to where I wanted to be and more convenient
Still, with the way that AC prices these flights, they seem only useful for business flyers or if priced into a connecting European ticket. They are almost always exceedingly expensive from an O/D perspective, and a total luxury that I only opt for a couple times a year. One recent return flight to YXU and back from YUL, booked two weeks in advance, cost $620 CAD. The best I've seen is $375. Ridiculous for most people.
YYZLGA
There are a few problems with YHM. One is fundamental and the others can be overcome. The fundamental problem is that it's on the wrong side of Hamilton. If it were in Flamborough, it would be much better located for most GTA traffic and would make a much better reliever.
The other problems are that the costs are too high: the AIF isn't much different from YYZ, which is crazy given that they have an old, long-paid-for terminal. They're never going to attract more ULCC traffic that way. Most airlines have never priced YHM flights meaningfully cheaper than YYZ flights, so why not just use YYZ where there are so many more options? Most baffling of all, there has never been a serious effort made to make YHM easily accessible. Every Ryanair airport has a direct bus to the city centre. If there were a bus from Union Station, maybe with a stop at Aldershot GO station, to YHM, it would be a much more attractive airport to the very type of people who would fly ULCC. All the attempts to add service to YHM have always been so half-hearted that it's no surprise they failed.
aemoreira1981
On a 50-seat jet? I don't see how this could have worked when Air Canada is 11 daily (10 mainline) between YUL and YYZ. (WestJet,a distant second, is 5x daily on WestJet Encore.) This is a lot like Air Canada's attempt to maintain service to JFK when it already served LGA with mainline traffic. (At the time, it had planned to move Vancouver service to JFK when that was still on the A319, but it stayed put at Newark...would there be adequate gate space today if they had moved to JFK and using a B789, which AC uses YVR-EWR?)
The only reason why SWOOP may be staying at YHM is to fend off new-starts like Canada Jetlines which is supposed to start next year, with Hamilton as one of their bases.
I wonder if there is any justification for Porter to commence flights between YHM and YUL and between YHM and Ottawa now that AC is out of the picture. Certainly Porter would have lower operating costs than AC? But then again, there may simply not be the demand to commence such operations
jimbo737
aemoreira1981 wrote:
What WestJet sched are you looking at?
They are 10x daily YUL-YYZ, not 5x, and flights are timed to minimize flying empty aircraft between 9am and about 2 pm.
It took about 3 years for WS to figure out there's basically no short haul market out of YHM, and that discovery was made very expensively between 1999 and 2002. Fares at that time were as low as $39, with 6-7 frequencies a day, in an era of no ancilliary charges and it made no meaningful difference to total number of passengers carried.
Others have repeatedly tried, with zero success, Air Canada being the latest in their second attempt at it.
It's one of the rare examples of a short haul market that was not able to be profitably stimulated.
Others should pay attention to the macro lesson learned, though I doubt they will.
YYZLGA wrote:
Indeed, this is the big problem with Hamilton. In order for Hamilton to be a success as it relates to domestic flights, it needs to have frequency. No business person is going to take a flight, for instance, to Halifax if there are only 2-3 flights a week. But the problem is, there simply is no demand for frequent flights, and for the additional 15-20 minutes in travel time, one may as well go to YYZ. Both Flair and Westjet, which had operations in Hamilton quickly found that out and moved operations to YYZ. In addition, Hamilton airport is hard to get to, no major highway goes directly to it, nor does public transit. It is almost like a Mirabel and only suited to cargo flights. Hamilton's success will only be limited to certain flights, like the daily to Calgary, where one can connect to other western locations, or the weekly warm weather flights in the wintertime which thelocal population will take.
What's surprising to me is that some airlines have tried YHM short haul not once, but twice.
If said airlines had capacity discipline, they'd never even contemplate such a move because they wouldn't have the capacity to do so. It'd be tied up on more profitable flying.
Whiteguy
jimbo737 wrote:
Many airlines, including WS, do the same thing.....
WS has retired at least 15 perfectly serviceable 737-700's over the past year or so, rather than keeping them around for "Easter Sunday", and then suffering from massive seasonality profitability swings, as is the case with certain other airlines one could mention.
Historically cheap fuel has been a manna from heaven for this strategy.
There are most certainly a few airline execs out there who are wiping there brows at the recent and fortuitous decline in fuel prices as they entered the winter season with all that high cost capacity burning low yields through the sky.
Part of me wonders whether we keep seeing this because YHM or the community offers some inducement financially to give it a go. This happens all the time in the US. If it works, the airline stays on past the end of the financial inducement. If it doesn't, the flight is dropped.
I think this route also came about as part of Air Canada's efforts to highlight YUL as an expanding TATL hub, defocussing numbers within the GTA from the relatively overrun YYZ. Not sure how that worked...but I think that was the intent. Same things for YXU>YUL.
I would suspect Westjet execs are exactly those people. An underwhelming 2018, new airplanes (piles of capital), a depressed Alberta market, flying these from said capital of depression, to where? Paris??
All the while trying to convince people you're a full service airline?
Yep. Thank god oil is cheap or you guys would be triple effed.
Please tell me you guys didn't buy 10 787s to fly to Europe from Calgary. You're gonna have to utilize em better than that bud.
CAIL 2.0
Stand-by for new ATIS message......
There definitely is short-haul potential out of YHM. The problem is nobody has ever served it with the right mix of a) aircraft type, b) frequency and c) true commitment to developing a loyal YHM following. Either YHM-YOW/YUL needs to be flown 4x weekly in the evening peak on a 180 seater with an ULCC that ops (at least initially) on days 1,4,5,7 when loads on CanJet were north of 90% those days...perfect for weekend getaways to Niagara if marketed properly (vs the 35% loads on a Tuesday morning) or minimum 5x daily on an aircraft type no larger than a Q400 and that provides at least some connections to/from every flight. The former scenario is much more likely.
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