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Report: Consumer Protection
Auto Loan Complaints on the Rise
Pandemic worsens existing consumer problems with car buying in CFPB data
Released by: MASSPIRG Education Fund
Release date: Tuesday, October 20, 2020
> Read News Release
> Download Report (PDF)
Download a two page fact sheet about this report.
Financing the purchase of a car is a minefield for consumers at even the best of times. Tricks and traps in the auto marketplace can leave consumers paying more for a car than they should – or, worse, to being victimized by predatory and abusive practices by auto dealers and lenders.
COVID-19 has left consumers even more vulnerable. A review of complaints to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's (CFPB) Consumer Complaint Database reveals a sharp spike in consumer complaints about auto purchasing, leasing and financing since the beginning of the pandemic.
With more Americans than ever owing money on their cars, and with the economic damage caused by COVID-19 continuing to mount, consumers need states, localities and the federal government to continue and bolster emergency programs for the duration of the pandemic – such as guaranteeing access to loan relief programs, and banning debt collection, vehicle repossessions and negative credit reporting – and to enforce much-needed programs to protect consumers in the auto marketplace at all times.
Consumer complaints reveal patterns of abusive and deceptive practices in the automobile industry – especially among "subprime lenders." The pandemic has put a spotlight on auto sales and loan problems that have worsened since the expansion of subprime auto lending following the 2008 financial collapse.
Since 2017, consumers have submitted nearly 19,000 complaints about auto loans and leases. In addition, consumers have submitted 5,000 complaints about auto debt collection, and thousands more complaints relating to credit report problems caused by auto loans and leases.
Santander has received more loan and lease complaints than any other company and ranks first or tied for first with the most complaints in 33 states and Washington, D.C. Santander has been the subject of numerous legal actions about its auto lending practices. In May 2020 Santander entered a $550 million settlement with 33 states and the District of Columbia for subprime lending practices, including making loans to customers that had a high probability of defaulting.1
The top five companies with the most auto debt collection complaints – Santander, Ally, Credit Acceptance Corporation, Westlake and Wells Fargo – all either specialize in or have substantial business in lending to consumers with subprime credit.
Eight of the 15 most complained about companies have been the subject of CFPB enforcement actions related to auto loans.2 Many have also been the subject of other legal actions, including by state attorneys general. Credit Acceptance Corporation, the most complained-about nonbank finance auto lender, was sued by the state of Massachusetts in August 2020 for alleged violations that included making loans to borrowers that the company knew the consumers would be unable to repay.3
Table ES-1. Eight of the top-most complained about companies have been the subject of CFPB enforcement actions related to auto loans
Table does not include actions not taken by the CFPB, including by other federal or state agencies, state attorneys general, or class action lawsuits.
Number of vehicle loan and lease complaints
Summary of harmful auto loan practices targeted by CFPB enforcement action
1 Santander 2,347 Failed to properly describe "the benefits and limitations of its S-GUARD GAP product, which it offered as an add-on to its auto loan products."4 (November 2018)
2 Ally Financial 1,437 Engaged in "[d]iscriminatory auto loan pricing practices harming African-American, Hispanic, and Asian and Pacific Islander consumers."5 (December 2013)
3 General Motors Financial Company 938
4 Wells Fargo 934 "[V]iolated the Consumer Financial Protection Act (CFPA) in the way it administered a mandatory insurance program related to its auto loans."6 (April 2018) Participated in "an illegal marketing-services-kickback scheme."7 (January 2015)
5 Capital One 806
6 Toyota Motor Credit Corporation 742 Charged African-American, Asian and Pacific Islander borrowers "higher interest rates than white borrowers for their auto loans, without regard to their creditworthiness."8 (February 2016)
7 JPMorgan Chase 689 Participated in "an illegal marketing-services-kickback scheme."9 (January 2015)
8 Hyundai Capital 677
9 Credit Acceptance Corporation 539
10 Nissan Motor Acceptance Corporation 515
11 Westlake Services, LLC 465 Pressured borrowers "using illegal debt collection tactics."10 (September 2015)
12 American Honda Finance Corp. 453 Harmed African-American, Hispanic, and Asian and Pacific Islander with discriminatory auto loan pricing.11 (July 2015)
13 BMW Financial Services 302
14 U.S. Bancorp 297 Used "deceptive marketing and lending practices targeting active-duty military."12 (June 2013)
15 Ford Motor Credit 280
Consumer complaints about auto lending and leasing have increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic.
From March through July 2020, consumers submitted more than 2,800 auto loan and lease complaints – more than any other five-month period in the history of the Consumer Complaint Database.
Complaints about being denied auto loan payment relief surged to double pre-pandemic volumes.13
Since March 1, more than one in five auto loan and lease complaint narratives have mentioned the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Consumer Complaint Database reveals a pattern of scams and abusive practices by banks, captive finance companies, and subprime lenders.
Deceptive add-ons. Dealers will often attempt to sell consumers expensive add-on products such as extended warranties, service plans and insurance products.14 Of complaints in the CFPB database related to add-on products, 29 percent include the term "warranty," and 39 percent include the term "insurance."
High-pressure or deceptive sales tactics. In complaint narratives, consumers describe feeling pressured into expensive loans and add-on products.
Broken billing and payment systems. More than one in five auto loan and lease complaints are cataloged as having to do with a "billing problem," with 42 percent of billing complaint narratives mentioning the term "late," as many consumers describe broken billing systems causing late fees.
Harassment over repossessions and debt collection. Consumers have submitted more than 5,000 complaints regarding debt collection for auto debt, of which nearly half (45 percent) involve harassing behavior by collectors.
Yo-yo financing and changing loan terms. More than 280 complaints are about loan terms changing during or after closing – a tactic sometimes used by dealers or lenders to get consumers to accept a higher interest rate than they'd initially been quoted.15 Some complaints describe "yo-yo financing," in which a dealer tries to change loan terms after a consumer has already driven off in their vehicle.
Rising auto debt and the COVID-19 pandemic leave a growing share of Americans vulnerable to problems with car loans.
The amount of outstanding auto debt has risen more than 85 percent since the end of 2009, while the number of Americans holding auto debt reached a record high in early 2020.16
Even before the pandemic started, more than 5 percent of auto loans were at least 90 days delinquent.17
Longer loan terms and expensive add-on products leave more Americans owing more on their vehicles than they are worth – exacerbating their vulnerability to economic shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic.
The automobile-dependent design of America's cities and transportation network leaves many Americans with little choice but to go into debt to own a car. The financial crisis facing transit agencies during COVID-19 could leave even more Americans financially vulnerable due to car dependence.
Each year, roughly 60 million Americans buy or lease a vehicle.18 These consumers deserve protection from the scams and abuse that are all too common in America's current vehicle finance marketplace – and special protection during the COVID-19 crisis. To protect consumers from auto marketplace scams, policymakers must step up enforcement of consumer protection laws. Specifically:
For the duration of the pandemic, policymakers must guarantee access to loan relief programs, while banning repossessions, debt collection, and negative credit reporting.
Policymakers must take permanent action to protect consumers from predatory or abusive auto loan practices, with measures like closing loopholes that allow excessive interest rates, banning forced arbitration in consumer financial contracts (including auto sales), and stepping up enforcement of existing laws.
Policymakers must make it easier to avoid car ownership, including by expanding transit and minimally ensuring that COVID-19 does not result in slashed transit service.
David Shepardson, "Santander Agrees to $550 Million U.S. Settlement Over Subprime Auto Loans," Reuters, 19 May 2020, available at https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-autos-lending/santander-agrees-to-550-million-u-s-settlement-over-subprime-auto-loans-idUSKBN22V2GS.↩
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Enforcement Actions (filtered for topic "auto loans"), accessed on 15 August 2020 at https://www.consumerfinance.gov/policy-compliance/enforcement/actions/?page=1&title=&topics=auto-loans.↩
State of Massachusetts, AG Healey Sues Major Subprime Auto Lender for Unfair and Deceptive Practices in Its Subprime Auto Loan Business in Massachusetts, 31 August 2020, archived at http://web.archive.org/web/20200901095515/https://www.mass.gov/news/ag-h....↩
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Santander Consumer USA, Inc., 20 November 2018, archived at http://web.archive.org/web/20200604230959/https://www.consumerfinance.go....↩
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Ally Financial Inc. and Ally Bank, 20 December 2013, archived at http://web.archive.org/web/20200605172826/https://www.consumerfinance.go....↩
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection Announces Settlement with Wells Fargo for Auto-Loan Administration and Mortgage Practices, 20 April 2018, archived at http://web.archive.org/web/20200820075927/https://www.consumerfinance.go....↩
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Elaine Oliphant Cohen, and Todd Cohen, 22 January 2015, archived at http://web.archive.org/web/20200605134519/https://www.consumerfinance.go....↩
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Toyota Motor Credit Corporation, 2 February 2016, archived at http://web.archive.org/web/20200605084812/https://www.consumerfinance.go....↩
See note 7.↩
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Westlake Services, LLC, d/b/a Westlake Financial Services. LLC, and Wilshire Consumer Credit, LLC, d/b/a as Wilshire Commercial Capital, LLC, 30 September 2015, archived at http://web.archive.org/web/20200605102319/https://www.consumerfinance.go....↩
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, American Honda Finance Corporation, 14 July 2015, archived at http://web.archive.org/web/20200605111817/https://www.consumerfinance.go....↩
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, U.S. Bank National Association, 26 June 2013, archived at http://web.archive.org/web/20200407210442/https://www.consumerfinance.go....↩
Complaints for March through July doubled compared to the same period in 2019.↩
In September, for example, the CFPB settled with automobile financial company Lobel Financial Corporation over its sales practices related to Loss Damage Waivers, which are not a form of insurance. "The order requires Lobel to pay $1,345,224 in consumer redress to approximately 4,000 harmed consumers and a $100,000 civil money penalty." See Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Settles with Auto Lender for Unfair Loss Damage Waiver Practices (press release), 21 September 2020, available at https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/consumer-financial-protection-bureau-settles-auto-lender-unfair-loss-damage-waiver-practices/↩
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Can the Dealer Increase the Interest Rate After I Drive the Vehicle Home?, 5 August 2016, archived at http://web.archive.org/web/20200705180254/https://www.consumerfinance.go....↩
See tables "Number of Accounts by Loan Type" and "Total Debt Balance and Its Composition": Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Center for Microeconomic Data, Household Debt and Credit Report (Q2 2020), August 2020, data downloaded 26 August 2020 from https://www.newyorkfed.org/ microeconomics/hhdc.html.↩
See table "Percent of Balance 90+ Days Delinquent by Loan Type": Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Center for Microeconomic Data, Household Debt and Credit Report (Q2 2020), August 2020, data downloaded 26 August 2020 from https://www.newyorkfed.org/ microeconomics/hhdc.html.↩
Purchases of new and used vehicles: Statista, Number of New and Used Light Vehicle Sales in the United States from 2010 to 2019, accessed on 1 September 2020 at https://www.statista.com/statistics/183713/value-of-us-passenger-cas-sales-and-leases-since-1990/; leases: Aaron Kessler, "Auto Leasing Gains Popularity Among American Consumers," The New York Times, 8 January 2015, available at https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/09/business/auto-leasing-gains-popularity-among-american-consumers.html.↩
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KILL FOR ART? / Installation, performance/ 2017 - collaboration with Gigja Jonsdóttir
What are the limits in art? Would you commit murder for the sake of art?
Kill for Art? is a research-based project that questions the ethics of art-making. The project is a constructed story, where a fictional psychopathic character sends a letter to artist Sophie Calle. The letter reveals the procedure of a murder committed by the character. The character believes that he/she is doing 'a favour' to society by 'removing' their victim from the world. The character sees himself/herself as a silent hero.
The project shifted focus, flipping from research to horror, when collaborating artists Jessica and Gigja received two threatening letters from an anonymous source that referenced the original letter they wrote to Sophie Calle. The case has been taken to the police and to a private investigator to try to track down their pursuer. Their roles as artists have been repositioned from attackers to victims.
Kill For Art? is now a project concerned with the relationship between being predator and prey, both in life and in the art world.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


how did you make the moving spheres go past the bumps??
HI Neasey, I can help you with Alice.
I can't find an alligator class to select.
I am a new Alice user, very new. I have just worked my way through tutorial #4. Now I want to create a World with a dancing alligator.
What a way to spend my birthday!
P.S. I still had to do school work!


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The Shadow (Hardcover)
By James Patterson, Brian Sitts
Before Alex Cross, before Michael Bennett, before Jack Reacher, there was The Shadow! The world's bestselling author, James Patterson, reimagines one of America's iconic thriller heroes.
Only two people know that 1930s society man Lamont Cranston has a secret identity as the Shadow, a crusader for justice. One is his greatest love, Margo Lane, and the other is fiercest enemy, Shiwan Khan. When Khan ambushes the couple, they must risk everything for the slimmest chance of survival . . . in the future.
A century and a half later, Lamont awakens in a world both unknown and disturbingly familiar. The first person he meets is Maddy Gomes, a teenager with her own mysterious secrets, including a knowledge of the legend of the Shadow.
Most disturbing, Khan's power continues to be felt over the city and its people. No one in this new world understands the dangers of stopping him better than Lamont Cranston. And only the Shadow knows that he's the one person who might succeed before more innocent lives are lost.
James Patterson is the world's bestselling author. The creator of Alex Cross, he has produced more enduring fictional heroes than any other novelist alive. He lives in Florida with his family.
Fiction / Thrillers / Crime
Fiction / Superheroes
Publisher: Grand Central Publishing


Biotique has launched 3 new lip balms. They are priced for 99 Rs.
1. Bio Berry Plumping Lip Balm – Berries are one of nature's great sources of vitamins and photochemical. This plumping balm restores lip fullness for a voluptuous, bee-stung look and refined lip contours.
2. Bio Fruit Whitening Lip Balm – Bio Fruit has been the elixir of life since the beginning of time, rich in vitamins, nutrients and skin brighteners. This de-pigmentation balm visibly lightens lips for a fairer skin tone.
3. Bio Aloe Vera Nourishing Lip Balm SPF 30 – This nutrient-rich lip balm prevents and corrects chapped, cracked lips. Protects with SPF 30 UVA/UVB sunscreen.
Berries are one of nature's great sources of vitamins and phytochemicals. This plumping balm restores lip fullness for a voluptuous, bee-stung look and refined lip contours.
Texture is creamy and a little quantity is sufficient to apply on lips. I apply in the morning and even after taking breakfast and lunch, it doesn't dry on my lips.
It doesn't give a waxy look or a glossy look. It does a decent job in soothing dry lips and also leaves a light pinkish shade on lips.
Combination of this lip balm with transparent lip gloss gives a pinkish tint to my lips which suits my light olive skin.
My lips are brown (: like Guys lips who smoke 😉 After I apply this, it gives a pink hint on my lips.
It instantly absorbs in to the skin and keeps lips moisturizing.
Price is 99 Rs. for 16 gm. Its worth paying for the quantity.
Nothing much to list on cons part. I'm quite impressed with this.
As like other traditional biotique products, it comes in a small widened tub. I travel a lot. So I personally don't prefer to use this.
Bio Berry does not have SPF. These days I'm going on GAGA over SPF 😉 I would be more impressed if it had SPF in it.
I have thin lips – I picked this flavor because it claims that it plumps lips.
On the plumping part – I dint see any swelling on my lips.
Rating : :-* :-*:-*:-*. One star I reduced is for packing.
Will I buy it again? Yes Definitely. I would like to try other flavors too.
What company claims –This BroadSpectrum sunscreen not only protect skins against UVB rays but shields the skin from the more harmful UVA rays and are classified as PA+, PA++, PA+++ depending on the intensity of the protection offered.
There are 2 products one with SPF 20 and other one with SPF 30. I Picked SPF 30 with PA++.
Calendulla – Prevents skin from drying and inhibits the formation of sun caused wrinkles. It also delays the premature aging.
Price – Rs 195/- for 60 gm.
Before starting my review let me tell about my skin type. It's a combination skin. My T-zone (esp. forehead/chin) is oily. End of the day it becomes oilier. Rest of my face is normal.
A little quantity is enough for my face and neck. It's not a running gel, but a creamy base which gets absorbed in to the skin instantly.
After applying this sunscreen, I apply thin coat of lotus compact powder. This gives me a natural finish for my yellow-olive based skin.
This look stays for 4 – 5 hours. Then I get a shiny look, not oily though.
It has both UVA/UVB protections with SPF 30. SPF 30 or more is required in hot summers. This one is definitely preferable for summers.
Quantity is very less for the price.
Fragrance is not good. It doesn't smell like vanilla.
Have you used Biotique Lip Balm and Lotus Safe Sun Anti Tan Gel ?
Thanks Renuca 🙂 you should try this new lip balm… 😉 from its earlier version, it improved a lot.
the little green tub looks cute!
Most welcome Vidhya. I am glad to have you here. 🙂 And the lip balm looks yummilicious.
Cute review Vidhya..and a nice child like face you have.
I will try the Lotus lip balm for sure..as it is I am running short of one..
As for Sunscreen, I am using Lotus Gel with SPF 50..hehe and yeah it helps the oily T zone a lot..and ever since I bought it, my Aroma magic sunscreen cream has taken a back seat..u know how oily it can get in summers.
Know what?? whenever I go to Hypercity or some place, I always think of you and Radhika and I keep wondering..Even if I see you guys, I wouldnt be able to recognise at all.
Nice review Vidya! 🙂 I'm running out of my lip balm. Could try the Biotique one next.
Poornima – I thought of the exact same thing when I was at Westside yesterday…I saw someone swatching shades at a counter and thought of you!
I love this kind of cute little tub packaging..!! I might pick up the Bio Fruit Whitening Lip Balm coz my bf always teases me, "chup chup ke cigarrete piti hai na"..lol..!!! my lips are'nt that dark but he likes to tease me thats it..!! Also i think they should have named it Bio Fruit lightening balm..!! Who needs whitening for lips..lol..!!
And i dont need a sunscreen right now i have a clinique one lying with me just dont get the chance to use it..!!
tell me about it priyanka! my boyfriend teases me using the exact same words!
Wow. Is Berry Lip Balm a tinted lip balm ? How long does it take for the lips to change color ?
I have purchased Lotus Mattifying SPF 50, PA+++ gel. It costs Rs. 195 for 50 g.
Very costly. Is extremely light & does not irritate the skin at all. Although not completely stop secretion of oil. It's very costly.
i am planning to buy lotus sunscreen gel. does it give a shiny look? and is it water/sweat proof?
Thanks for your efforts ..
hey…i have been using biofruit whitening lipbalm for 15 days…i feel like my lips are becoming darker…i dont understand if its my imagination or its really happening….how did u feel using dis?is it good on ur lips?
Nice review! I am a big fan of Biotique and Lotus and I bought the 'Morning Nectar' (with SPF 30) lipbalm from Biotique yesterday . It is very light on my lips and I wish it was a little 'thicker' like the lotus lipbalms. But it has a nice smell and does keep lips soft and moisturized for a long time. I was very tempted by the one you've reviewed but the SPF factor was too appealing!
My lips were great 3 years back and all the sudden it turned dark.. i tried so many lip balms, nothing worked for me.
I need some lip product that removes darkness and should protect from dryness.


"This work is protected under the copyright laws of the United States. No reproduction, use, or disclosure of this work shall be permitted without the prior express written authorization of the copyright owner. Copyright © 2002-2006 by LAWCHEK, LTD."
Homestead is real estate occupied by a person as his or her home or dwelling place. Homesteads often are exempt from levy or liens, at least to a certain extent. This is referred to as the homestead exemption. State law usually defines the extent of the homestead exemption.
Alabama: For Alabama, the homestead exemption is limited to 160 acres, and the maximum value that can be claimed is $5,000. The exemption does not apply against debts for improvements made to the real estate, mortgages, and judgments arising from the commission of a tort. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Alabama, a designation or plat of a homestead must be filed with the office of the probate judge of the county where the real estate is located. The statement must be a sworn and acknowledged statement or declaration describing the homestead. Alabama Code §6-10-2-122; 43-8-110.
For Alaska, the homestead exemption is limited to $54,000. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Alaska, a designation or plat of a homestead does not need to be filed. Alaska Code §9.38.010.
Arizona: For Arizona, the homestead exemption is limited to $100,000 in value. The exemption does not apply against debts for purchase of the homestead or improvement of it. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. Arizona Code §33-453, 1101.
Arkansas: For Arkansas, the homestead exemption is limited to 1/4 acre in a city and 80 acres elsewhere. The exemption does not apply against taxes, debts for purchase, and improvements. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. Arkansas Code §16-66-210, 218; 18-12-403.
California: For California, the homestead exemption is limited to $100,000 for persons 65 years of age or older, disabled, 55 years of age or older with an annual gross income of no more than $15,000, or if married and a joint annual gross income of $20,000, and the sale is involuntary; $75,000 for persons who are a member of a family unit and at least one member of the family unit whose interest in the homestead is no more than a community property interest; and $50,000 for all other persons. In any event, the monetary value of the homestead exemption for both spouses cannot exceed $75,000 or $100,000 as determined by their ages or disability status. A declaration of homestead must be written, signed, acknowledged and recorded. It must contain the name and address of the person(s) claiming it, a description of it, a statement that it is the principal dwelling of the person claiming it on the date of recording, and a statement that the declaration is known to be true by personal knowledge of the person signing and acknowledging it. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For California, a designation or plat of a homestead may be filed. California CC §1237 through 1304; CCP §704.710-.850; Family Code §770, 1100, 1102.
Colorado: For Colorado, the homestead exemption is limited to $30,000 in value. The exemption does not apply against taxes and debts for purchase of the home. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses if a claim of homestead is filed with the clerk of court in the county where the real estate is located. For Colorado, a designation or plat of a homestead may be filed. Colorado Code §38-41-201.
Connecticut: For Connecticut, the homestead exemption is limited to $75,000 in value. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses.Connecticut Code §52-352.
Delaware: Delaware has no statute regarding homestead rights.
For Florida, the homestead exemption is limited to one-half (1/2) acre in a municipality and one-hundred-sixty (160) acres outside a municipality. The exemption does not apply against taxes, purchase price, or debts for improvement. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Florida, a designation or plat of a homestead may be filed with the clerk of circuit court for the county where the real estate is located. Florida Const. Art. 10, §4(a); Code §222.01 onward.
Georgia: For Georgia, the homestead exemption is limited to $5,000 in value or the statutory homestead exemption. The exemption does not apply against taxes and debts for purchase of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Georgia, a designation or plat of a homestead may be filed. Georgia Code §44-13-1 onward.
Hawaii: For Hawaii, the homestead exemption is limited to $30,000 for a head of a family and persons 65 years of age or older and $20,000 for other persons. The limitation in size is one acre. The exemption does not apply against taxes, pre-existing debts and debts for purchase or improvement of one homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. Hawaii Code §651-92.
Idaho: For Idaho, the homestead exemption is limited to $50,000 in value and the sizes of the home and underlying land. The exemption does not apply against liens existing prior to the homestead declaration, taxes and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Idaho, a designation or plat of a homestead may be filed. Idaho Code §55-1001 through 1205.
Illinois: For Illinois, the homestead exemption is limited to $7,500 for one person and $15,000 for two or more persons living at the same homestead. The exemption does not apply against taxes and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. Illinois Code §735-5/12-901 through 904.
Indiana: For Indiana, the homestead exemption is limited to $7,500 in value. The exemption does not apply against taxes and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. Indiana Code §34-2-28-1.
Iowa: For Iowa, the homestead exemption is limited to one-half (1/2) acre in a city or town and forty (40) acres in the country. The exemption does not apply against taxes, debts existing prior to purchase and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Iowa, a designation or plat of a homestead may be filed with the county recorder. Iowa Chapter 561.
Kansas: For Kansas, the homestead exemption is limited to one (1) acre in a city or town and one-hundred-sixty (160) acres for farming land. The exemption does not apply against taxes, debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead, and liens given by the consent of the owner and spouse. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Kansas, a designation or plat of a homestead may be filed. Kansas Code §60-2302, 2302; Const. Art. 15, §9.
Kentucky: For Kentucky, the homestead exemption is limited to $15,000 in value. The exemption does not apply against taxes, debts existing prior to acquisition of the homestead, and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Kentucky, a designation or plat of a homestead does not need to be filed. Kentucky Code §472.060 through .100.
Louisiana: For Louisiana, the homestead exemption is limited to $15,000 in value. The exemption does not apply against taxes, debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead given as security, debts to public officers of a fiduciary, or to an attorney at law for money collected or received on deposit. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Louisiana, a designation or plat of a homestead must be filed. Louisiana T.20, §1; Const. Art. 12, §9.
For Maine, the homestead exemption is limited to $12,500 in value or $25,000 if there are minor dependents living in the homestead. For persons who are sixty (60) years of age or older and for persons who are disabled and unable to work, the monetary limitation is $60,000. The exemption does not apply against taxes and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. Maine T.14, §4422-4425.
Maryland: The exemption does not apply against taxes and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. Maryland Courts Arts. §11-504.
Massachusetts: For Massachusetts, the homestead exemption is limited to a monetary value of $50,000 to $200,000 depending upon circumstances. The exemption does not apply against taxes, debts existing prior to acquisition of the homestead, debts for the purchase of the homestead, spousal or child support, or ground rent. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. A homestead is created by a declaration of it in a deed or afterwards by written declaration which is duly recorded with the registry of deeds. Massachusetts C. 188, §1, 1A, 7; C. 236, §18.
Michigan: For Michigan, the homestead exemption is limited in value to $3,500 and in size to one (1) lot in a city and forty (40) acres in the country. The exemption does not apply against taxes or any mortgage on the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Michigan, a designation or plat of a homestead does not need to be filed. Occupancy constitutes sufficient notice of a homestead claim. Michigan CLA §557.201-203; 600.4031, 6023.
For Minnesota, the homestead exemption is limited to one-half (1/2) acre in a city and one-hundred-sixty (160) acres in other areas. The exemption does not apply against taxes, judgments existing prior to acquisition of the homestead, and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. Minnesota Code §1001-.04; Const. Art. I, §12.
Mississippi: For Mississippi, the homestead exemption is limited to $75,000 in value and one-hundred-sixty (160) acres in size. The exemption does not apply against taxes, mortgages, and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Mississippi, a designation or plat of a homestead must be filed. Mississippi Code §89-9-1 onward; 85-3-21 onward.
Missouri: For Missouri, the homestead exemption is limited to $8,000 in value. The exemption does not apply against debts existing prior to acquisition of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Missouri, a designation or plat of a homestead does not need to be filed. Missouri Code §513.475-.515.
Montana: For Montana, the homestead exemption is limited to $40,000 in value. The exemption does not apply against taxes, mortgages, and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Montana, a designation or plat of a homestead must be filed. Montana Code §70-32-101 onward.
Nebraska: For Nebraska, the homestead exemption is limited to $10,000 in value and two (2) lots in a city and one-hundred-sixty (160) acres in the country. The exemption does not apply against taxes, mortgages, and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Nebraska, a designation or plat of a homestead must be filed. Nebraska Code §40-101 onward.
Nevada: For Nevada, the homestead exemption is limited to $550,000 in value. The exemption does not apply against taxes, liens existing prior to acquisition of the homestead, and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Nevada, a designation or plat of a homestead does not need to be filed with the county recorder. Nevada Code §115.010 through .060; 123.230.
New Hampshire: For New Hampshire, the homestead exemption is limited to $30,000 in value. The exemption does not apply against taxes and debts for purchase or improvements of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For New Hampshire, a designation or plat of a homestead may be filed. New Hampshire C. 480, §1-8a.
New Jersey: In New Jersey, there are no statutes regarding a homestead exemption, except that a homestead interest is created by joint possession of real estate by a husband and wife which is used as their principal residence. New Jersey Code §3B-28-3.
New Mexico: For New Mexico, the homestead exemption is limited to $30,000 in value per person. The exemption does not apply against taxes, garnishments, recorded liens for purchase or improvement of the homestead, and recorded liens of lessors and mortgagees. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For New Mexico, a designation or plat of a homestead does not need to be filed. New Mexico Code §42-10-9 through 13.
New York: For New York, the homestead exemption is limited to $10,000 in value above liens and encumbrances. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. New York C.P.L.R. §5206(a).
In North Carolina, the exemption does not apply against taxes and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. North Carolina Const. Art. X, §2, 3.
North Dakota: For North Dakota, the homestead exemption is limited to $80,000 in value. The exemption does not apply against taxes, mortgages, and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For North Dakota, a designation or plat of a homestead may be filed. North Dakota Code §47-18-01 onward.
Ohio: For Ohio, the homestead exemption is limited to $5,000 in value per person. The exemption does not apply against taxes, mortgages, security interest, or other liens. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. Ohio Code §2329.669A; 2329.661.
Oklahoma: For Oklahoma, the homestead exemption is limited to one (1) acre or $5,000 for an urban residence, and one-hundred-sixty (160) acres for a rural residence. The exemption does not apply against taxes and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. Oklahoma Code §31-1 onward; 16-4.
Oregon: For Oregon, the homestead exemption is limited to $25,000 in value for one (1) person and $33,000 for two (2) ore more persons. The exemption does not apply against taxes for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. Oregon Code §23.164, .240 through .300.
Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania has no statutes regarding homestead exemptions or rights.
Rhode Island: Rhode Island does not have a homestead exemption law.
South Carolina: For South Carolina, the homestead exemption is limited to $5,000 in value per debtor. The exemption does not apply against a mortgagee of the real estate. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. South Carolina Code §15-41-10 through 36.
South Dakota: For South Dakota, the homestead exemption is limited to $30,000 in value and one (1) acre in town and one-hundred-sixty (160) acres in the country. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For South Dakota, a designation or plat of a homestead may be filed. South Dakota Code §43-31-1 onward.
Tennessee: For Tennessee, the homestead exemption is limited to $5,000 in value for one (1) person and $7,500 in value for joint owners. The exemption does not apply against taxes, certain government fines, and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Tennessee, a designation or plat of a homestead may be filed prior to levy. Tennessee Code §26-2-301 onward.
Texas: For Texas, the homestead exemption is limited to one (1) acre for urban areas and one-hundred (100) acres for rural areas in the case of a single adult and two-hundred (200) acres in the case of a family. There is no limitation to value. The exemption does not apply against taxes, and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Texas, a designation or plat of a homestead may be filed. Texas Prop. Code §41.001 onward.
For Utah, the homestead exemption is limited in value to $8,000 for a head of a family, $2,000 for a spouse, and $500 for each dependent. The exemption does not apply against taxes, debts for purchase of the homestead, and child support debts. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Utah, a designation or plat of a homestead may be filed. Utah Code §78-23-1 onward.
Vermont: For Vermont, the homestead exemption is limited to $30,000 in value. The exemption does not apply against taxes, debts existing prior to acquisition of the homestead, and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. Vermont Code §27-101 onward.
Virginia: For Virginia, the homestead exemption is limited to $5,000 in value. The exemption does not apply against taxes and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Virginia, a designation or plat of a homestead may be filed. Virginia Code §34-4 onward.
Washington: For Washington, the homestead exemption is limited to $30,000 in value for real estate. The exemption does not apply against liens for improvement of the real estate, mortgages, and debts for alimony or child support. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. For Washington, a designation or plat of a homestead may be filed. Washington Code §6.13.010 onward.
West Virginia: For West Virginia, the homestead exemption is limited to $5,000 in value. The exemption does not apply against taxes and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. West Virginia Code §38-9-1 onward.
For Wisconsin, the homestead exemption is limited to $40,000 in value and 40 acres in size. The exemption does not apply against taxes, mortgages and liens for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. Wisconsin Code §706.02; 815.20-.21; 990.01.
Wyoming: For Wyoming, the homestead exemption is limited to $10,000 per person. The exemption does not apply against taxes and debts for purchase or improvement of the homestead. If a husband and wife own a homestead, the law usually requires that both of them sign a conveyance or mortgage regarding the real estate for it to be applicable or enforceable against both spouses. Wyoming Code §1-20-101 onward.
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Back in 2013, we mentioned a disturbing cultural trend in Japan in one of our weekenders, where culturally disenfranchised youth become shut-ins. The official Japanese word for these shut-ins is Hikikomori- and while examples of this have been observed in other places around the world (including Italy, the US, and South Korea), in Japan, the trend has become a cultural phenomenon. For a multitude of reasons, Hikikomori give up on human interaction, choosing to cloister themselves away from the world rather than interact in it.
Solving the hikikomori riddle has taken on greater urgency in recent years. Sufferers often are men in their 20s and 30s who would be in the workforce but instead are being supported largely by their parents. Government officials worry about who will take responsibility for long-term hikikomori when their parents retire or die.
The road to recovery from hikikomori can be a long one and the longer a person stays in their room, the less likely they are to make it out.
One of Dr Kato's patients, a 23-year-old, has been in therapy for a year.
He said a domineering mother and pressure to perform at school caused him to drop out and barricade himself in his room.
"I just wanted to suppress everything, put a lid on everything," he said.
Stephen: Existence is a complete… what a trial!
Colbert then goes on to quote Neutral Milk Hotel's Airplane Over the Sea, which causes Seinfeld to double over laughing and crying at Colbert's earnestness. But that all takes place within the realm of that greater conversation about suffering.
One more anecdote. In preparation for a summer-length evangelistic mission to a country known for its less-than-friendly attitude toward western missionaries, I took a class on intercultural communication. I expected the class to teach us "magic bullet" cultural cues that would help keep our occasionally offensive American quirks to a minimum- don't show your feet, be indirect with your conflict. etc. In other words, I thought the class would help us be more racially aware. Instead, the class taught us what boiled down to empathy skills– how to listen, how to observe, how to apologize and ask forgiveness. In other words, the class taught us how to be more humanely aware.
One of the unhelpful dismissals of the gospel is its to limit it to a time or a place. The New Testament scholar might say, for example, that nobody read Romans like Martin Luther until Martin Luther came along (an understandable, but not 100% accurate, claim). A cultural analyst might suggest that it's inappropriate for one group (reformation-minded bloggers) to think their solution is best for a second group (Hikikomori). Until, of course, that group hears the message and welcomes it into their culture (or, in some cases, keeps the faith after it was forced upon them, like sub saharan Africa's relationship with western colonialism and religion).


text:
Louisiana College Starts Process To Rename School
Greg Atoms Published: November 3, 2021
Louisiana College in Pineville will get getting a new name. The small religious schools will now be known as Louisiana Christian University. This all according to a release from the school.
lacollege.edu
In the release, School President Rick Brewer said:
"It's a logical move. We are not throwing away our past. We are recognizing this school has always been Christian."
Brewer took the idea to the school's Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees, as well as the full Board of Trustees, to gain approval. The Executive Board is made up of 67% alumni of the school, while the full Board of Trustees is made up for more than 50% alumni. Brewer said the Boards "wholeheartedly and unanimously supported" the move.
The move will become official at the Louisiana Baptist Convention on November 16th, 2021.
Louisiana College Vice President of Academic Affairs Cheryl Clark told KNOE-TV:
"The move to university will increase our prominence and marketability nationally and internationally. Because university status is more widely understood by international, graduate, and non-traditional students, we will expand our recruitment opportunities. Ultimately, we think that university status will strengthen our reputation and open new doors for us to connect more people with our Christian educational mission, our commitment to academic excellence, our dedication to outstanding teaching and student learning, and our focus on preparing students for lives of learning, leading and serving."
Louisiana College was founded in 1906 in Pineville. The current student population is just over 1,200 students. The school campus is roughly 81 acres, and is home to 25 buildings.
The Top 14 Colleges & Universities In Louisiana For 2022
The website WalletHub has ranked out the Top 14 schools in Louisiana for 2022. Here are the results
12 Big US Cities Smaller Than Shreveport
Firing off a quick Google search, you will be served with the answer of 123 square miles for the size of Shreveport. We will use Google to search for the sizes of all the cities listed below as well.
60 of the Most Famous Graves in Louisiana
Some of the most famous and recognizable names in America's History are buried right here in Louisiana. Some are natives, some aren't. From war heroes to global icons to musical legends to folk heroes, Louisiana has all kinds of pieces of history in the state. Here are 60 of the most famous and recognizable, including several who may have ties to Shreveport-Bossier that you didn't realize - for instance, did you know the guy that wrote the screenplays for all the Planet of the Apes movies is local? We didn't!
Check out just a small piece of all the history you can visit here in the Bayou State.
$50,000 Louisiana Powerball Ticket Unclaimed & is Now Worthless
Plan a Cute Valentine's Date Just 3 1/2 Hours From Shreveport


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Gary Hill is one of the artists i have been looking into that creates film work and projects the works in non-conventional ways. Hills work has inspired my own developments in terms of the way he displays his footage in unique ways. As a result of this he has created an installation piece of sorts which allows the viewer to interact with the piece. I feel that that this way of displaying would benefit my work as it really pulls the viewer into whats being shown and i like the concept of the audience interacting with the work itself not just viewing it.


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I attached an Lacie USB drive to my N1200. I can only access it as read-only. Does anyone know how to get also write permits on the USB drive.
USB & eSATA devices are default to be read by all. Did you try setting ACL (access permissions) on that USB drive of yours?
I had attached my Maxtor USB drive to the N1200 to do some file copying but I don't remember if I tried to to write to the Maxtor.
I figured it now. The N1200 only supports FAT32 drives up to the old limit of 32GB.
It would be great if the next firmware would support NTFS or bigger FAT drives.
I have finally got my Thecus N1200 and am currently in the process of hacking the usb.hotplug script in img to automount any filesystem instead of the default FAT32 mount options. This means I will probably make modules for file (file -s determines the filesystem type of a partion) and ntfs3g or fuse.
I will post the modules or modified files on the wiki once I am done.
is the wiki link to the module I just wrote.
I can quite happily automount a 41.5 GB FAT usb partition(read & write) with no problems.
If you have ssh into your n1200 you can attempt to manually mount it and use dmesg to see what happens.


This previous year, 2009, has been a most insecure year for the larger part of car makers. Huge aggregates that were once to have been thought of as distant and subsidence confirmation have even endured and demonstrated that they are most certainly not. An extremely select couple of American and European organizations have possessed the capacity to recover a generous measure of steadiness. Shockingly by far most have not and keep on announcing gigantic flow and hopeful misfortunes. Most qualified experts agree that they won't really start to hint at any recuperation from this monetary slip by until at any rate the second from last quarter of the coming year.
The sorts of vehicles that are propping the significant makers up are more up to date, more vitality effective, half and half cars. Which is extraordinary and all okay. Be that as it may, shouldn't something be said about the light truck and SUV clients?
Over all other vehicle types that are being affected by this retreat, trucks and SUVs have been hit the hardest. Being that they are a lot bigger and heavier they likewise require a higher financial responsibility. Which in occasions such as these is something very few individuals will go up against. Generally those that are right now supporting the truck and suv industry are previous overwhelming truck and extensive SUV proprietors scaling back to little more effective assortments. The collaborations that deal with an armada of vehicles have been pretending off the buy of new vehicles in return of expanded support of the vehicles they at present claim. Yet, as we as a whole know, that helps for such a long time.
It is being accounted for that all through this coming year there will be a gradual increment in the generation and the offers of trucks and SUVs. Despite the fact that this sounds like the uplifting news we have all been holding up to hear, there will most likely not be a discernible gain until at the second from last quarter. Specialists say that it will be nearer to the principal quarter of 2011 preceding a generous gain is figured it out.
Try not to fuss, the coming year is expected to be a vastly improved and gainful year than this previous year was. Development in the vehicle and truck industry is prominent. As different As different enterprises move there path retreat from this subsidence, the vehicle business will as well. We as clients simply need to rehearse more persistence.
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