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Biblical Horizons Newsletter
Biblical Chronology Newsletter
Rite Reasons
BH en Español
Arthur Kay
Dr. Louis and Kimberly Schuler
James B. Jordan
James R. Rogers
Joel Garver
Leithart & Jordan
Meyers & Jordan
Peter A. Lillback
Rich Bledsoe
Rosenstock-Huessy & Jordan
by James B. Jordan
Biblical Chronology
Copyright © James B. Jordan 1994
The Chronology of the Pentateuch (Part 2)
(We are discussing the meaning of the phrase "cutting off of days" in Genesis 4:3, showing that it implies the turn of the year in autumn.)
Two passages use the term "cutting off of years" to refer to the lunar year, beginning in the Spring.
Exodus 12:41 – at the cutting off of the 430 years. This event was on the 15th day of the first month, the seventh month of the solar year. It was "to the very day" that Israel had entered Egyptian dominion, referring back to Abram's entrance into the land in Genesis 12. Thus, Abram entered Canaan, and came under Egyptian hegemony, on the 15th day of the first month.
Gen. 16:3 – at the cutting off of 10 years. Ishmael was conceived, and he was born the same year (the eleventh year). If the "cutting off" time had been in the autumn, this would be after literally 9½ years of living in the land. Abram was 75 when he left Haran and entered the land (Gen. 12:4) and 86 when Ishmael was born (Gen. 16:16). Abram would have to have been 85 when Ishmael was conceived, if this happened in autumn. He might have turned 86 by the time of Ishmael's birth the following summer, but he would only have just turned 86, for in the spring of that year he would still have been 85. It is thus more likely that the cutting off of 10 years means 10 full years from the spring of 2083, when Abram entered the land. Ishmael's birth in the winter of the following year gives us six more months for Abram to turn 86. Moreover, as we shall see later on, Sarah conceived Isaac "at the time of reviving" of the year, in the spring (Gen. 18:14). We cannot be certain about Genesis 16:3, but the few indications we have point more to the spring than to the fall.
Let us now examine the remaining instances of this phrase:
Gen. 41:1 – at the cutting off of two full years. This was two full years after Pharaoh dealt with his baker and cupbearer. His visions concerned harvests, and might thus have come at the end of the year, or in the spring. This is, however, the end of a definite period of time.
1 Ki. 17:7 – at the cutting off of days. Elijah's brook dried up. This might indicate the turn of the year, after a summer of heat, but it might not. Unlike Genesis 4:3, where precisely the same phrase is used, there is no indication of a harvest.
2 Chron. 18:2 – at the cutting off of years. Jehoshaphat visited Ahab, who put on a feast for him. Giving the royal context, and that the kings measured their rules by the solar year, this phrase hints that it was at the turn of the year, in autumn.
Neh. 13:6 – at the cutting off of days. After his time of service at court, Nehemiah asked to return to Jerusalem. There is no hint that this phrase indicates a set time of the year, but simply that after a time Nehemiah asked to return. Here again, however, the phrase does indicate the end of a definite period of time.
What we have seen is that "at the cutting off of days/years" indicates the end of a definite period of time, usually explicitly defined in the text. We have also seen that it very often refers to the turn of the solar ational year in autumn, especially when associated with harvests. We are on very good ground, therefore, in seeing it referring to the end of the solar year in Genesis 4:3, especially since harvest is in view.
The Day of Atonement and the Feast of Ingathering came in the seventh (sabbath) month, at the end of all harvests. Extrapolating backwards from information given at Sinai, and remembering that Moses put Genesis in its final form, we may readily imagine that Cain and Abel brought their sacrifices in the seventh month. According to Exodus 23:16; 34:22; and Leviticus 25:8-10, the year ended in the seventh month. Thus the first month of the solar year was the seventh month of the lunar year, for the cycle of lunar months began in the spring with the first month (Ex. 12:2). (The Bible speaks of the day as beginning at evening, as in Genesis 1, "there was evening and morning, one day." Similarly the year begins around the autumnal equinox, as the year darkens.)
Thus, it seems most likely that Cain and Abel offered their sacrifices at the end of the sixth or at the beginning of the seventh month, at the end of the solar year.
If this is the "cutting off of days," then the beginning of days would be in autumn, in the seventh month. Thus, we can suppose that the creation of the world, recorded in Genesis 1, took place in autumn.
The first month was determined by the vernal equinox. The new moon nearest the equinox began the first month. Thus, the seventh month came near the autumnal equinox. The creation of the world probably took place near or at the autumnal equinox. This would be the first month of the solar year.
4. The Chronology of Genesis 4 & 5
Elsewhere I have shown that there are not and cannot be any gaps in the chronology of Genesis 5. The sons born may not be the firstborn, as Seth was not Adam's firstborn, and though Shem is mentioned first in Gen. 5:32, he was not the oldest. The son whose name is given, and to whom the chronology is attached, is the "patriarchy-bearer."
There are seven generations from Adam to Lamech on Cain's side, and seven from Adam to Enoch on Seth's side. If we assume that the births of relevant generations correspond, which may not be the case, we can assume that Enoch's prophecies were directed in part against Lamech's behavior. The chronology is as follows:
1st 0 – Adam created
125? – Cain kills Abel
2d 130 – Seth born
3d 140? – Enoch ben Cain born. (I have given Cain 15 years to move and settle down before having children, and thus I am spacing his line in each case ten years after those in preceding generation of Seth's. Of course, Cain might have given birth to Enoch long before he slew Abel, and the Cainitic line might be much more compact than that of Seth. There is no hard evidence for my suppositions here.)
235 – Enosh born
4th 245? – Irad born
325 – Kenan born
5th 335? – Mehujael born
396 – Mahalalel born
6th 406? – Methushael born
460 – Jared born
7th 470? – Lamech ben Methushael born
622 – Enoch ben Jared born
8th 632? – Jabel, Jubal, Tubal-cain born
687 – Methuselah born
9th 874 – Lamech ben Methuselah born
930 – Adam died
987 – Enoch translated
1042 – Seth died
10th 1056 – Noah born
1140 – Enosh died
1235 – Kenan died
1290 – Mahalalel died
1422 – Jared died
1536 – Beginning of 120 years of grace (Gen. 6:3)
11th 1556 – Japheth born (5:32; 10:21)
1558 – Shem born (7:6; 11:10)
1560? – Ham born (9:24). We do not know when Ham was born, only that he was the youngest.
1651 – Lamech ben Methuselah died
1656 – The Flood; Methuselah died
1657 – End of Flood (1657 is 33 jubilees of 50 years each plus 7 years, for a total of 40 periods of time.)
5. The Chronology of the Flood Year
The first difficulty to address here is that some have posited a 360 day year before the Flood. Supposedly this is proved by the fact that 5 months (Gen. 7:11 + 8:4) equals 150 days (Gen. 8:3). The following stand against this:
1. The 150 might be a round number for 147 actual lunar days.
2. Noah might have been unable to see the new moon while in the Ark, and thus would have measured out 30-day months until he was again able to take measurements, at which time he would have adjusted the calendar.
3. Noah entered the ark on the 17th day of the 2d month, and exited on the 27th day of the 2d month. This gives 12 lunar months, for 354 days, plus 11 days, to equal a solar year. Gen. 7:11 & 8:14.
4. The number 365 occurs in the numerology of the early chapters of Genesis in two ways:
a. It is the number of years Enoch lived (Gen. 5:23).
b. Genesis 5 tells us the age of each patriarch when the patriarchy-bearing son was born. If take each of these figures from Adam to Lamech, and divide each one by 60, and then add together all the remainders, we get 156. Genesis 5 also explicitly tells us how long each patriarch lived after the patriarchy-bearing son was born – seemingly unnecessary information since we are also told his total years. If we take each of these figures from Adam to Lamech, and divide each one by 60, and then add together all the remainders, we get 209. Add these two remainders together and we get 365. Although this kind of numerical computation seems bizarre to modern rationalistic people, it was not strange in the ancient world, and the fact is that this kind of computation does indeed work in various places in the Bible, such as here. The full significance of what God means by this certainly eludes me! but it is clear that the number 365 is indeed "hidden" in the text (Prov. 25:2). (M. Barnouin, "Recherches numériques sur la généalogie de Gen 5," Revue Biblique 77 [1970]: 347-75; summarized in Gordon J. Wenham, Genesis 1-15. Word Biblical Commentary 1 [Waco, TX: Word Books, 1987], p. 134.)
We conclude that there is no evidence to substantiate the notion that the length of the year before the Flood was 360 days.
As regards the Flood year itself, it began in the second month, which would be in the spring. We can make a good guess as to the various days of the year by taking note of the number of seven-day sequences that show up in connection with it. This indicates a sabbath pattern. We start off with the assumption, grounded in Biblical theology, that God's announcement of the Flood came on a sabbath, the day of judgment. This was am 1656, month 2, day 10 (hereafter 2/10/1656), according to Genesis 7:1-4.
The actual judgment commenced on the following sabbath, 2/17/1656 (Gen. 7:10-11). After 40 days the rain stopped (Gen. 7:12, 17). If we assume a 30-day second month, we come to 3/27/1656, a Thursday. On Thursday, the fourth day, the fishes and birds were made. On this Thursday of the Flood year, only fishes and birds (surviving by lighting on floating debris) would exist on the earth. The only animals and men were in the Ark.
The waters receded and after 150 days the Ark rested (invisibly) on Mount Ararat, on 7/17/1656, which is a Tuesday, the day the dry land began to appear in Genesis 1.
The tops of the mountains became visible on 10/1/1656 (Gen. 8:5). Let us provisionally assume this to be a Tuesday, corresponding to the third day of creation week, when the dry land appeared. This would mean that if the tenth month was 29 days, the raven and dove sent out 40 days later (11/11/1656) were sent out on a sabbath (Gen. 8:6-12). The doves sent out seven and fourteen days later were also sent out on sabbaths (11/18/1656; 11/25/1656).
Following from this, if the eleventh month was 29 days and the twelfth was 30 days, or vice versa, then the drying of the surface of the earth and uncovering of the Ark on 1/1/1657 (Gen. 8:13) was on a Sunday, the first day of a new creation. Similarly, if the first month of 1657 was 30 days, then the emergence from the Ark on 2/27/1657 (Gen. 8:14) was also a Sunday, the eighth Sunday of the year.
We provisionally assumed above that 10/1/1656 was a Tuesday, and this is the case if we assume 29-day months for the seventh, eighth, and ninth months.
Now let us cross-check the scheme. We found reason to believe that months 2,3,4,5,6,11/12 were 30 days, and that 7,8,9,10,11/12 were 29-days, with the first month of 1657 a 30-day month. This gives us a roughly 50-50 spread, which is what is required for lunar months.
6. The Rebellion of Ham
Genesis 9:20-27 records the fall of Ham. Noah, acting as a second Adam with more God-like responsibilities than the first, actually plants his own garden, in this case a vineyard. It takes several years for a vineyard to produce enough grapes to produce wine. We are told that on one occasion Noah took a sabbatical rest, drank wine, and fell asleep in his tent. This is parallel to God's withdrawal from His garden in Genesis 2:25, to allow Adam and Eve to get to know each other intimately, and to test them by His absence (cp. Gen. 3:8, where we see God's return).
Ham rebels against Noah as Adam rebelled against God. Adam seized the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge, which had to do with rule and judicial authority. Ham stole Noah's robe, which had to do with the same thing. When Ham tried to enlist his brothers in his conspiracy, however, they refused to go along, and upheld their father's authority (symbolized by upholding his robe on their shoulders).
When Noah "returned" to the scene, he, like God in His garden, passed judgment. Ham was Noah's youngest son, and so Noah placed a judgment on Ham's youngest son, Canaan. Like all such judgments, this one was double-edged: Canaan would be "cursed" to be a servant of servants, but a servant of God's servants would find blessing.
In terms of chronological information, this shows us that Canaan had already been born by this time. He was Ham's fourth son (Gen. 10:6). We read in Genesis 11:10 that Shem's firstborn, Arpachshad, was born two years after the Flood. If we assume a child every two years, beginning two years after the Flood, then Canaan was born in the eighth year after the Flood, in 1664. (Leah's sons were born at two-year intervals; Gen. 29:31-35.)
7. The Date of the Tower of Babel
In the days of Peleg the earth was divided (Gen. 10:25, referring to the tower of Babel). Perhaps the tower of Babel incident happened about the time of Peleg's birth, but that is unlikely. We are told that the clan of Joktan, Peleg's brother, moved to the east (Gen. 10:30). Four verses later we read that "as they journeyed east" they came to Shinar and built the tower of Babel. In context, it seems clear that it was the Joktanites who headed up the Babelic project. This is no surprise, since the Joktanites were in the priestly line of Shem (Gen. 9:26-27; 10:22ff.). Those who were supposed to lead in true worship became leaders of apostasy. Moreover, Genesis 10:6-8 may mean that Nimrod, founder of Babel, was the fourth generation from Ham, while Joktan was the fourth generation from Shem, making them contemporaries:
Ham Shem
Cush Arpachshad
Raamah Shelah
Sheba or Dedan Eber
Nimrod Joktan
Alternatively, Nimrod might have been a late son of the long-lived Cush, and thus a contemporary of Joktan. (If Cush were the same age as Arpachshad, he would have been 101 when Joktan was born, with probably 300+ years to go; thus if Cush begat Nimrod at the age of 101, Nimrod would have been the same age as Joktan.)
In terms of the theology of Genesis, the call of Abram occurs in the aftermath of the judgment on the nations at the tower of Babel. Israel becomes the microcosm of a new creation, with her seventy elders a microcosm of the seventy nations of the world in Genesis 10. Thus, it is possible that the scattering at Babel happened not too long before the call of Abram. On the other hand, since the Biblical principle is that people fall into sin immediately after they are granted a kingdom, it may be that the Joktanites led the nations of the world into sin sometime around the middle of Peleg's life. According to Biblical chronology, Peleg was born in am 1757 and lived 239 years, to the year 1996. Abram was born in 2008.
The meaning of Genesis 10:25, then, is that sometime during Peleg's life the world was divided at Babel. Since Peleg's brother Joktan was involved in the apostasy at Babel, and it seems that his involvement came after he had begotten many sons, it is likely that the Babel incident happened in the middle or later part of Peleg's life. For aesthetic reasons I shall arbitrarily put the division of the nations in am 1871 (midway between the Flood and Abram's exodus from Egypt, on which see below).
If Nimrod was born around 1759, as I have suggested, then he had plenty of time to grow up, gather men around him as a "mighty hunter," and found a city, Babel. If the fall of Babel came in 1871, then after this Nimrod went forth to found Assyria (Gen. 10:8-12).
8. The Chronology of Genesis 11
There can be no gaps in this chronology either. The following are the dates:
1558 – Shem born. Shem died when Abraham was 150. He outlived Sarah by 13 years. Isaac and Rebekah had been married 10 years.
1658 – Arpachshad born to Shem, 2 years after Flood (Gen. 11:10). Abram was 86 when Arpachshad died, and Ishmael was 2 years old.
1693 – Shelah born. Shelah died when Abraham was 118.
1723 – Eber born. Eber outlived "Abram the Hebrew [Eberite]" 4 yrs. Jacob and Esau were 19 when Eber died.
1757 – Peleg born
1787 – Reu born
1819 – Serug born
1849 – Nahor born
1871? – Tower of Babel
1878 – Terah born
1948 – Birth either of Haran or Nahor ben Terah (see below)
1996 – Peleg died
1997 – Nahor died
2006 – Noah died
2008 – Abram born (see below)
2026 – Reu died
2049 – Serug died
2083 – Terah died
Genesis 11:26 says that Terah lived 70 years and begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran. Compare to Genesis 5:32, which says that Noah begat Shem, Ham, and
Japheth. We know from Genesis 11:10 that Shem was 100 years old 2 years after the Flood, which came in Noah's 600th year, so that Shem was obviously not the firstborn. He was born when Noah was 602, even though as patriarchy-bearer he is listed first. According to Genesis 10:21, Japheth was the eldest. That makes Ham the youngest.
By means of parallelism, we can suggest that of Terah's sons, Haran was the eldest, born when Terah was 70 years old, and Nahor the youngest. Nahor married one of Haran's daughters (Gen. 12:29), and Haran died well before the other two sons did (Gen. 12:28).
Acts 7:4 tells us that Abram did not leave the city of Haran until Terah had died. Genesis 12:4 says that Abram was 75 at that time. Genesis 11:32 says that Terah died at 205. Thus, Abram was born when Terah was 130. This solution was first noted by Ussher, and so commentaries preceding his work do not take it up. Amazingly, many modern commentators also do not follow Ussher on this point, although the arithmetic is simple and frankly inescapable. We can only assume that many modern commentators do not read very widely when they write their commentaries, and also cannot do arithmetic.
Problem: In Genesis 17:17, Abraham laughed and said, "Shall a child be born to a man who is 100 years old?" If Abraham had been born when Terah was 130, why would he have a problem believing in a birth at 100? On the basis of this, some have suggested that Terah was not dead when Abram left Haran, and that Acts 7:4 should be taken spiritually: Terah was dead to Abram.
This won't hold up, however. Years later, Abraham married Keturah and had more sons. Clearly Abram's laughter in Gen. 17:17 is not related to any feeling of impotence, but to the humor in the situation: a childless man finally having a son at the age of 100. More to the point is the second phrase of 17:17, "And shall Sarah, who is 90 years old, bear a son?" Sarah was past the age of childbearing (Gen. 18:11). At any rate, Abraham's marriage to Keturah shows that he had no problem with the idea of having children in his old age.
A second "problem" is that if we assume Abram was born when Terah was 70, then the arrival of Abram in Canaan at 75 happens 365 years after the birth of Arpachshad. Neat. But, of course, we wind up destroying the literary parallel between the sons of Terah and the sons of Noah. So, the purely aesthetic considerations cancel each other out. In terms of Biblical calculation based on an inerrant text, we should allow Acts 7:4 to carry the day.
It is, thus, far better to go with Ussher and other chronologists, and assume that Abram was born when Terah was 130. This is the simplest and most satisfactory explanation.
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Copyright © James B. Jordan 1989 - 2007


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Ilkley is a town and civil parish in West Yorkshire, in the north of England. It has been inhabited since at least the Mesolithic period; was the site of a Roman fort, and much later an early example of a spa town. In more recent times it serves as a residential district within the travel to work areas of Bradford, Leeds and Keighley.

According to the probably outdated history of the 19th century clergyman Robert Collyer, Ilkley takes its name from "Llecan, the old British word for rock", this, presumably, alluding to the craggy prominences of the area such as the Cow and Calf on Ilkley Moor.

Prehistory
The earliest evidence of habitation in the Ilkley area is flint arrowheads or microliths, dating to the Mesolithic period, from about 11,000 BC onwards. A selection of arrowheads and information about prehistoric Ilkley can be seen in the Heritage Room at Ilkley Manor House. The area around Ilkley has been continuously settled since at least the early Bronze Age, around 1800 BC; more than 250 cup and ring marks, and curved a swastika carving dating to the period have been found on rock outcrops,<ref name=Beckensall>Beckensall, S., 2009, 'Prehistoric Rock Art in Britain, Chalford: Amberley Publishing, </ref> and archaeological remains of dwellings are found on Ilkley Moor. A druidical stone circle, the Twelve Apostles Stone Circle, was constructed 2,000 years ago. Serious interest in the rock art of Ilkley began after the publication in 1879, by John Romilly Allen, of "The Prehistoric Rock Sculptures of Ilkley" in The Journal of the British Archaeological Association.

Robert Collyer notes that Ilkley was at the centre of the territory of the Brigantes, and states that it was one of ten strongholds of this tribe. He notes  that the town was on a pre-Roman track-way running from the north through Catterick to Chester and Holyhead.

Roman period

In the Roman period, Ilkley lay at a crossroads of Roman roads, connecting to Catterick and Adel; Skipton and Gisburn; Aldborough, Knaresborough and Blubberhouses; and Morton leading to Manchester.

The remains of a Roman fort exist on a site now near the centre of the town. A number of authorities believe that the fort is that of Olicana, dating to 79 AD, but the identification is not settled. The fort's outline is clear: some one hundred and sixty yards by one hundred yards in size, it was placed on a steep bank above the River Wharfe on the north side, and bounded by deep channels of a brook immediately on the east and west. The southern boundary seems to have coincided with the present street. The foundations of the fort on the bank are very conspicuous, and remains of Roman brick, glass, and earthenware have been found on the edges of the brow. The Medieval Ilkley Manor House and All Saints Parish Church stand within the precincts of the fort.

A number of altars have been discovered dating to Roman times. The oldest was found in the south east corner of the church and now defaced. According to William Camden's account of a 1570 inspection, it is dated from the time of Emperor Antoninus Pius (138 to 161) and it named Caecilius as the Prefect of the Cohort.

A second, retrieved from the Wharfe, is thought to have been dedicated by Clodius Front., the Roman Praefect, to Verbeia, the deification of the River Wharfe. It states that the cohort stationed in Olicana at that time was made up of soldiers from the Lingones tribe. In 1608, William Middleton of Myddelton Lodge commissioned a replica altar to be made as the original stone's inscription had started fading. As of February 2022, both the original Roman altar and the 1608 replica are safely housed and on display in the Heritage Room of Ilkley Manor House.

Another altar described by Camden dates to the time of Septimius Severus and his son Caracalla (211 to 217) and notes that the fort has been repaired under the superintendence of Virius Lupus, lieutenant and proprætor in Britain; from which we may conclude that the station was then in its fullest glory.

Anglo-Saxon period
Collyer notes that there is not one sure word about Ilkley in the 800 years after the improvement of the fort by Virius Lupus; but that by the Norman period the area had an Anglo-Saxon name, derived from the Roman and Old British names; was a parish with church and priest; and contained four centres of life and industry, namely Ilkley, Nessfield, Middleton and Stubham. He conjectures that Ilkley's place on the track and road system of the time would have ensured that it was affected by the waves of invasions of Britain which took place throughout the Dark Ages, with Angles, Saxons and Danes settling and bequeathing names to the locality, whilst at the same time perhaps squeezing out the indigenous and Roman descent population.

Ilkley's Anglo-Saxon church is taken by Collyer to date to a 627 consecration, and most probably arising out of preaching by Paulinus Three Anglo-Saxon crosses formerly in the churchyard of All Saints, but now removed into the church to prevent erosion, date to the 8th century.

Norman period and the Middleton family

Ilkley formed part of the Wapentake of Skyrack; its lands to the north of the river fell into the wapentake of Claro. In the Domesday Book, dating to 1086, Ilkley (Ilecliue/Illecliue/Illiclei/Illicleia) is listed as being in the possession of William de Percy 1st Baron Percy. By 1242 the land had passed to the Kyme family, of whose number Philip de Kyme appointed the first rector of the parish church on 11 December. The land was acquired by the Middelton family of Myddelton Lodge, from about a century after the time of William the Conqueror. The family lost possession through a series of land sales and mortgage repossessions throughout a period of about a hundred years from the early nineteenth century. The agents of William Middelton (1815–1885) were responsible for the design of the new town of Ilkley to replace the village which had stood there before.

Spa town and the railway

In the 17th and 18th centuries the town gained a reputation for the efficacy of its water. The Middleton family constructed and for many years maintained White Wells, an early example of a spa building containing dressing rooms and a bath fed from a spring, in the eighteenth century. The Middletons encouraged visitors by permitting shooting on the manor and fishing in the river. Prior to the spa boom, however, Ilkley was "a little, old and ragged village" of single storey thatched cottages.

In the 19th century the town became established as a fashionable spa town, with the construction a mile to the east of the town, at Wheatley, of the vast Ben Rhydding Hydro or Hydropathic Establishment between 1843 and 1844. Tourists flocked here to 'take the waters' and bathe in the cold water spring. Wheatley today is called Ben Rhydding after the Hydro (since demolished).

Development based on the Hydro movement, and upon the establishment of a number of convalescent homes and hospitals, was accelerated by the establishment of a railway connection from Leeds and Bradford in 1865. Charles Darwin underwent hydropathic treatment at Wells House when his book On the Origin of Species was published on 24 November 1859, staying with his family at the nearby North View House (now Hillside Court). Other Victorian visitors to the town include Madame Tussaud. Today, the only remaining Hydro is the white cottage known as White Wells House, which can be seen and visited on the edge of the moor over-looking the town.

20th century

During 1906–08 architect Edwin Lutyens built Heathcote, a particularly large Neoclassical style villa, for John Thomas Hemingway, a Bradford wool merchant. It is a Grade II* listed building.

T. S. Eliot in 1916 delivered six extension lectures in Ilkley, on the theme of modern French literature.
He considered Wensleydale to be the 'Mozart of cheeses'.

Between the 5 and 17 August 1923, philosopher and educator Rudolf Steiner delivered a series of fourteen lectures at Ilkley which were published as A Modern Art of Education.'' They provided a comprehensive overview of Waldorf education. In his report of the event, which embodies the language of his distinctive philosophical approach, he commented on the town's archaeological heritage:

in the remains of dolmens and old Druidic altars lying around everywhere, [Ilkley] has traces of something that reminds one of the ancient spirituality that has, however, no successors. It is most moving to have on the one hand the impression [of the industrialism] I just described and then, on the other, to climb a hill in this region so filled with the effects of those impressions and then find in those very characteristic places the remains of ancient sacrificial altars marked with appropriate signs.

In 1967 Jimi Hendrix played at the Troutbeck Hotel, now a nursing home, although the show was cut short by the police. The local newspaper headline read "Pop Fans Ran Amok in Hotel" after audience members allegedly ripped off doors, pulled out electrical fittings and smashed furniture after a police sergeant stepped on stage and stopped Hendrix midway through a number.

1973 saw the start of the annual Ilkley Literature Festival, the largest in Northern England. W. H. Auden gave his last English reading there that same year.

There was an alleged UFO incident on Ilkley Moor on 1 December 1987. A retired police officer claimed that he was abducted by aliens while on a morning walk and briefly held on their craft before being returned to the moor. The man took a photograph of the moor which he said shows one of the aliens that abducted him.

References and notes

Ilkley
History of West Yorkshire
Ilkley
History of the City of Bradford

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Laravel 5.4 Multiple EMail Drivers Amazon SES and Mailtrap Throughout my Laravel 5.4 codebase, I am using Amazon SES to send email:
Mail::to('myemail@example.com')->send(new App\Mail\MyEmailClass);

Not a problem. Except I am working in a team, and I test email a lot. I want to use Mailtrap.io for testing emails rather than spamming my own account(s).
To configure Mailtrap with PHP/Laravel, I am required to use the SMTP driver and Mailtrap SMTP host, and port:
return array(
  "driver" => "smtp",
  "host" => "smtp.mailtrap.io",
  "port" => 2525,
);

My driver is currently set to use SES.
How can I use multiple drivers: SES and Mailtrap?

A: I dont know if you still facing this problem...Instead of you change "mail.php" inside the "config" directory, why not considering insert this in ".env" file entering the following parameters:
MAIL_DRIVER = smtp
MAIL_HOST = smtp.mailtrap.io
MAIL_PORT = 465
MAIL_USERNAME = "get this on mailtrap settings"
MAIL_PASSWORD = "get this on mailtrap settings"
MAIL_ENCRYPTION =

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


OpenCart is actually one of the easier eCommerce platforms around, but some people (actually, a lot of them) still have problems manually exporting their feed to Google Shopping. The entire process can get a bit convoluted, and coding expertise can surely come in handy. And that's why Google Product Feed for OpenCart has become one of the more popular and more highly regarded extensions. It makes the job much easier, and it cuts down the time you need to devote to the task.
But still, there are some people who can't get the hang of it. It's one of the more common questions in the Google Product forum: How do I send my OpenCart feed to Google Shopping?
Log into your Google Merchant Account.
Find the Data Feeds link at the left side of the screen, and click it.
Click the New Test Data Feed button. This is different from the New Data Feed button.
Keep the format as googlebase.
Enter the filename as feed.xml then click "Save changes". Make sure you do not check the box to use Google Spreadsheet.
Click the link to Create Schedule found in the Upload column.
Set the Upload to Daily at 01:00.
You'll find the Feed URL in the Google Product Feed extension setup page. That's the Extensions | Product Feeds | (edit) Google Product Feed. It will be shown as www.yourdomain.com/index.php?route=feed/google_product_feed.
Don't put in your username or password info.
Click the button to Schedule and Fetch Now.
Uploading your feed to Google and having it processed will take some time. So you should wait for at least 5 minutes before you refresh the page.
You can see how well the feed has uploaded in the status column. But if there's a problem, you can find out by clicking on the View errors link. There you'll see the changes you need to do. Make those changes.
Once your feed has conformed to the Google standards, start back to step#3. But this time, click on the New Data Feed button before you go on to all the other steps. This gets your feed live.
So if you are using Google Product Feed for OpenCart, just follow the steps above to export your opencart feed. Don't leave out anything. If your feeds are not accepted by Google, then you first have to make sure that you are complying with Google's requirements. You have to really be familiar with the Google Shopping policies, the Products Feed specification, the unique product identifiers, the requirements for product listings, and the attribute requirements for your target country.
If the Google policies are followed and you still have problems, then check the troubleshooting guide before you post your problem on the forum. The guide may already have the answer you are looking for.


Welcome to Lake Hinsdale Village...truly feel like you are on vacation everyday! Enjoy the fabulous amenities, which include the beautiful lake, pool, clubhouse, quiet walking paths, paddle boats, tennis courts, playground & professionally landscaped grounds. LHV is close to Whole Foods, shopping, restaurants, easy access the highways & Oak Brook Mall. The 701 building is a gem...the most improved & updated building in LHV. Entire exterior renovation includes balconies completed in 2017. As you enter the building, you will experience the newest improvement ...the tasteful decor throughout... foyer, party room, & hallways. This unit has the much coveted water views enjoyed from every room & private, expansive balcony. Unit is spacious w/ brick Fireplace, 2 Storage spaces. (one at the parking spot & one in the hallway.) Bring your decorating ideas & make it your own. Please see the long list of recent improvements in 701 in the additional information & relax...no special assessment!
I am interested in 701 Lake Hinsdale Drive UNIT 301, Willowbrook, IL 60527.


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Q: Vs code console closing faster than lightning, how do i keep it open Hello guys i am new to programming and i just installed vs code, everything is working fine except when i run the code the console comes and goes without me even seeing the output.So how do i make it stay. or how do i run the output inside the vs code terminal and just eliminate that pop up console.
The thing is i need to take screenshots of the output for my lecturer to see for future projects. Attached is a screenshot.the console is only here because it needs inputhere after input it just disappears


text:
ThrowBack (Old School Jamz)
Sir Victor Uwaifo's Songs
The Best Of Victor Uwaifo (Vol.1) Album
Sir Victor Uwaifo - Do Lelezi
Views: 853 | Runtime: 05m 54s
Sir Victor Uwaifo Song do lelezi
Artiste: Sir Victor Uwaifo
Album: The Best Of Victor Uwaifo (Vol.1) (12 Tracks)
Added: Oct 23, 2018 , (2018-10-23)
Sir Victor Uwaifo do lelezi: It is not even possible to give a rundown of Nigerian highlife without giving loads of honor to Nigerian musician, writer, sculptor and foremost musical instrument inventor, Sir Victor Uwaifo.
His career started as far back as 1965 with his Akwete rhythm and he made history in Nigeria when he won the first Philips' Golden record in Nigeria, West Africa and Africa in 1996 for Joromi –he has a total of 12 golden records to date.
In 1983, Uwaifo's contributions to Nigeria earned him the esteemed National Honors Merit, Member of the Order of the Niger (MON), the first professional musician in Nigeria to be awarded such.
Here is the first volume of his greatest hits compilation, put out by Polydor Records in 1980 and subsequently by Makossa International Records in 1981.
The Best Of Victor Uwaifo (Vol.1) (12 Tracks)
Eserie
By: Sir Victor Uwaifo
Guitar Boy
Joromi
All Correct
Do Amendo


Can I get Stiffness Matrix from SW??
Is it possible to obtain the exact stiffness matrix for a beam structure with non circular cross section?
For example, I modelled a drill-bit in solidworks and now I want the exact stiffness matrix when the loading and boundary conditions are specified. This is a bit different from general beam element of circular cross section as the cross section of drillbit contains warping effects. Hence, I need this through solidworks. Please help me.
Re: Can I get Stiffness Matrix from SW??
SW can't model a body that twists as a beam element. In general, beam elements require a constant cross-section. More can be read here.
section properties for beams are available in the interface i believe. however as shaun noted, the twist is unlikely being taken into account.


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Q: Creating a simple table with Lua tables C API I'm running a MySQL query which always returns 4 rows:
row->name, row->date, row->ip, row->custom
What I want to achieve is create a simple table basing on the above results so it would look like:
{
     "name" = result of row->name,
     "date" = result of row->date,
     "ip"   = result of row->ip,
     "custom" = result of row->custom
}

I have tried multiple possibilities, but the examples posted are really varied and I got a problems making it working.
My last unsuccessful try:
lua_createtable(L, 0, 4);
top = lua_gettop(L);
lua_pushstring(L, "name");
lua_pushstring(L, row->name);
lua_pushstring(L, "date");
lua_pushnumber(L, row->date);
lua_pushstring(L, "ip");
lua_pushstring(L, row->ip);
lua_pushstring(L, "custom");
lua_pushstring(L, row->custom);
lua_settable(L, top);

A: As I mentioned in comment, lua_settable() takes care only of one key, value pair. Must repeat that if You need more.
I'd prefer saving the Lua stack space like this:
lua_createtable(L, 0, 4);

lua_pushstring(L, "name");
lua_pushstring(L, row->name);
lua_settable(L, -3);  /* 3rd element from the stack top */

lua_pushstring(L, "date");
lua_pushstring(L, row->date);
lua_settable(L, -3);

lua_pushstring(L, "ip");
lua_pushstring(L, row->ip);
lua_settable(L, -3);

lua_pushstring(L, "custom");
lua_pushstring(L, row->custom);
lua_settable(L, -3);

/* We still have table left on top of the Lua stack. */

Also, You could write some kind of C struct iterator or something.
NOTE: if this is for some kind of Lua wrapper - You should ensure standardized way of doing that. In the following example applied @lhf comment about shortening it a bit:
int
l_row_push(lua_State *l)
{
    lua_createtable(L, 0, 4); /* creates and pushes new table on top of Lua stack */

    lua_pushstring(L, row->name); /* Pushes table value on top of Lua stack */
    lua_setfield(L, -2, "name");  /* table["name"] = row->name. Pops key value */

    lua_pushstring(L, row->date);
    lua_setfield(L, -2, "date");

    lua_pushstring(L, row->ip);
    lua_setfield(L, -2, "ip");

    lua_pushstring(L, row->custom);
    lua_setfield(L, -2, "custom");

    /* Returning one table which is already on top of Lua stack. */
    return 1;
}

EDIT: Fixes usage of lua_setfield() by @lhf note. Thanks!


Das offizielle Erscheinungsdatum von Windows 10 war am 29.07.2015.
SAFFIRE Firewire-Serie (Pro14, Pro24, Pro24 DSP, Pro26, Pro40, LS 56): gilt als kompatibel unter Windows 10.
Bitte beachten Sie / Points of note: We have become aware of a connectivity issue running Saffire units on Windows 10 connected to firewire cards with a VIA chipset. We are currently investigating this issue as a top priority. In the meantime, if you are using a VIA chipset, we recommend you do not update to Windows 10.
SAFFIRE 6 (USB 2.0): gilt als kompatibel unter Windows 10, jedoch werden für den ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb die aktuellen Beta-Treiber 3.2.1 benötigt, die Sie unter folgendem Link herunter laden können.
Bitte beachten Sie / Points of note: The USB 1.1 version of the Saffire 6 USB is not officially supported with Windows 10 but has been found to work. You can determine whether you have a Saffire 6 USB 1.1 or Saffire 6 USB 2.0 by checking the serial number on the sticker on the underside of the unit. If the serial number begins with 'SU', it's a Saffire 6 USB 1.1. If it begins with 'S2', it's a Saffire 6 USB 2.0.
SCARLETT (Solo, 2i2, 2i4): gilt als kompatibel unter Windows 10, jedoch werden für den ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb Version 2.5.1 der USB2.0-Treiber empfohlen. Für das SCARLETT SOLO wird jedoch Version 2.5.2 benötigt.
SCARLETT (8i6, 18i6, 6i6, 18i8, 18i20): gilt als kompatibel unter Windows 10, jedoch wird für den ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb Version 1.8 der MixControl empfohlen.
Bitte beachten Sie / Points of note: If you have problems with the firmware update for the Scarlett 18i8. We are currently investigating this and hope to have a fix soon.
FORTE: gilt als kompatibel unter Windows 10, jedoch wird für den ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb Version 1.1 der Forte Control Software benötigt.
Bitte beachten Sie / Points of note: We are aware of an issue where it can take up to one minute for the device to enumerate. Once the device has enumerated (succesfully connected with the computer), performance will not be affected. We are currently investigating this and hope to have a fix soon.
iTRACK SOLO: gilt als kompatibel unter Windows 10, jedoch werden für den ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb die aktuellen Beta-Treiber 3.2.1 benötigt, die Sie unter folgendem Link herunter laden können.
VRM BOX: gilt als kompatibel unter Windows 10.
Bitte beachten Sie / Points of note: Although VRM box is not supported for use in Windows 10, it has been found to work.
REDNET: derzeit nicht kompatibel unter Windows 10.
RED 2 & RED 3 PlUG IN-SUITE: gilt als kompatibel unter Windows 10.
MIDNIGHT PLUG IN-SUITE: gilt als kompatibel unter Windows 10.
Bitte beachten Sie / Points of note: You may need to manually select an install location when working through the installer.
SCARLETT PLUG IN-SUITE: gilt als kompatibel unter Windows 10.
CLARETT (2Pre, 8Pre, 8PreX): gilt als nicht kompatibel unter Windows 10.
Bitte erkundigen Sie sich auch fortan auf dieser Seite nach dem aktuellen Status, oder nutzen Sie unsere Betriebssystem-Prüfung.
Focusrite-Produkte, die auf dieser Seite nicht genannt werden, gelten aktuell ebenfalls als nicht kompatibel unter Windows 10.


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Roza Rana Height, Age, Boyfriend, Family, Biography
karma · November 27, 2022 ·
Education: Graduation
Hometown: Cuttack, Odisha
Other name Roja Rana [1]Facebook- Roza Rana
Nickname(s) Rozz and Rocking Roza [2]Instagram-Roza Rana
Profession(s) Dancer and Choreographer
Birthplace Cuttack, Odisha (formerly, Orissa)
Hometown Cuttack, Odisha (formerly, Orissa)
School St. Joseph's Convent School, Rourkela, Odisha
College/University Rourkela College, Rourkela, Odisha
Educational Qualification Graduation [3]Rourkela College's Official Website
Parents Father– Name Not Known (died at a young age)
Mother– Sibani Rana
Actor Hrithik Roshan
Dancer Michael Jackson
Some Lesser Known Facts About Roza Rana
Roza Rana is an Indian choreographer and dancer who has participated in various TV dance reality shows.
She was born in Orissa, and later, she shifted to Mumbai.
Roza Rana's childhood picture with her father and mother
She is a trained dancer and is well versed in various dance forms.
She has contested in various TV dance reality shows including 'DID Doubles' (2011), 'Boogie Woogie Kids Championship' (2014), and 'So You Think You Can Dance' (Indian version; 2016).
Roza has worked as a choreographer in a few seasons of TV dance reality shows like 'Nach Baliye,' 'Dance India Dance Little Masters,' and 'Super Dancer.'
She has also choreographed a few Indian celebrities including Katrina Kaif, Jacqueline Fernandez, Vicky Kaushal, and Tiger Shroff.
She appeared in the recreated version of the Hindi song 'Sona Kitna Shona Hai' along with BK Thapa in 2019.
In 2021, she participated in Sony TV's dance reality show 'India's Best Dancer- Season 2' along with the Indian choreographer Sanam Johar.
Roza Rana in India's Best Dancer Season 2
Roza has been working with the Indian dance school 'Nritya Shakti' as a choreographer for the past few years.
She created a YouTube channel in 2013 with the name 'Rocking ROZA' on which she uploads her dance videos.
IIn one of her television shows, Roza revealed that her father once left his job to help her with her dance training. She further said that it was her father's dream to see his daughter as a successful choreographer and dancer.
She has started 'Roza Dance Academy' in Rourkela, Odisha where students are taught various dance forms in her academy including Bollywood, B-Boying, Hip-Hop, Locking Popping, Zumba, Kathak, Salsa, Contemporary, and Hula Hoop.
Roza Rana's dance academy
Roza is a pet lover and owns a pet rabbit named Babudu.
Roza Rana with her pet rabbit
At one of the ceremonies of the Star Screen Awards, she got the opportunity to perform with the Indian actor Tiger Shroff.
She has appeared as a judge and chief guest at various events and dance competitions.
Roza Rana invited as guest at Miss Navi Mumbai 2018
Humble The Poet (Kanwer Singh Mahl), Age, Wife, Family, Biography Bibhu Mohapatra Height, Age, Husband, Family, Biography Kanchi Shah Height, Age, Boyfriend, Husband, Family, Biography Sukhdev Thapar Age, Death, Wife, Family, Biography
Filed Under: Entertainment
Kritika Avasthi Height, Age, Boyfriend, Family, Biography


text:
Q: VB.NET Directory.GetFiles Sort by Date I have a directory of Xml files. How do I grab only the files that have been created in the last 30 days and sort them in ascending order? I am not bound to using Directory.GetFiles if there is a more efficient solution.
I then create and bind a list of files to a gridView in which I need both the File Name and Path. I display the File Name and use the Path value in the RowDataBound event to build a HyperLink to the file.
Thanks! \m/ \m/
Dim filePaths() As String = Directory.GetFiles("C:\XmlFiles\")
Dim files As List(Of ListItem) = New List(Of ListItem)

For Each filePath As String In filePaths
    files.Add(New ListItem(Path.GetFileName(filePath), filePath))
Next

gv.DataSource = files
gv.DataBind()

A: We can do a little better. Just getting the names and then sorting by time afterwards requires separate trips out the hard drive for both attributes, which is slow. By switching to DirectoryInfo, we can reduce this to one trip to disk per file:
Dim filesByDate = DirectoryInfo.EnumerateFiles("C:\XmlFiles\").
                     Where(Function(f) f.CreationTime > DateTime.Today.AddDays(-30)).
                     OrderBy(Function(f) f.CreationTime).
                     Select(Function(f) f.Name)
gv.DataSource = filesByDate
gv.DataBind()

Not that the difference is likely to drive your program's performance, but it's always nice to reduce disk I/O :)
This is also a case where it might be better to use GetX instead of EnumerateX. Generally, you want to prefer anything that will "enumerate" vs "get", because of the reduced memory use and the ability to start processing as soon as the first item is available, instead of waiting until the last item is available. In this case, though, there's a chance that you can trade memory use for disk I/O. I'm not familiar with the internal implementation of the methods, but it may be possible for GetFileSystemInfos() to get the information for all of the files in one or a few trips to disk, and that would be a big win. But again... I'm not familiar with the details here; you'd have to test for yourself which is better in your situation.

A: You can use LINQ:
Dim filePathsSortedByDate = From f In Directory.EnumerateFiles("C:\XmlFiles\")
                            let fileCreationTime = File.GetCreationTime(f)
                            Where (Date.Today - fileCreationTime.Date).Days <= 30
                            Order By fileCreationTime
                            Select New ListItem(Path.GetFileName(f), f)
Dim files As List(Of ListItem) = filePathsSortedByDate.ToList()


Google camera is available to install on your Android (Android version should be 4.4 or higher) Phones via the Play store now.
You can see the modes available on this application on the above image.
Photo Sphere – It allows you to take 360º photos.
Lens Blur – Focus a specific object and blur the background.


We have all at one time or another struggled with the fraying ends of a cotton cord that is commonly used for bodices, doublets and even boot laces. Consequently, I have been on a mission to find a fix that works.
If you are having the same problem and haven't already discovered this for yourself, give it a try!
Simply put a good amount of the Fabri-Tac™ on about ½" of the cut end of the cord. Then roll it between your fingers to saturate the fibers and form a nice round lacing end. It begins to start to firm up fairly quickly, but is still workable.
When you are satisfied with the shape, set it aside and let it dry overnight. When it's dry you will have a nice solid end that I believe is better than a factory lace because it shouldn't pull off or crack. It will also hold up to a lot of abuse because of this, and so far it has worked great for me.


Fenit Pier is a quayside development underway in Fenit Harbour, Tralee, Co Kerry. It is a hall and administration building intended to accommodate final assembly of components prior to loading onboard cargo ships. The welding of lengthy crane components and completion of cabling will be enhanced by provision of improved storage and work space in a controlled environment. The project seeks to put order on a harbour quay, which was otherwise dispersed, irregular and generally compromising operations.
The project addresses the separation between private pier operations with restricted access and a viewing platform open to the public. The building reinforces the boundary definition previously performed by a railing.
The site conditions constitute a harsh maritime environment. The building will be exposed to Atlantic gales and corrosive sea water. The design specifically addresses these adverse challenges by sheltering behind an existing rock outcrop and by selective use of particular materials. The vulnerable steel faced cladding has been omitted in lieu of non-corroding polycarbonate and a robust insulated concrete wall panel system. Aluminum glazing systems are anodised to enhance performance and PVC is used on the roof finish to diminish the quantities of metals employed overall. The project constitutes a divergence from the standard detailing historically evolved by the practice on behalf of the Client.


text:
Faculty Pub Night with Sarah Maclay: What You Missed
April 24, 2019 by LMU Library Student Assistant
Today's post was written by library student ambassador Veronica Urubio. Veronica is a first-year undeclared student with interest in psychology, creative writing, and the fine arts. She was born and raised in the suburbs of Downey, California, and happily works within one of the library's departments. Currently, she is working on two book series and a graphic novel in her free time when she isn't studying.
It is to be said that poetry brings awareness to the inner thoughts, fears, flaws, and dreams of its creator: something miraculously genuine and raw.
Showcased on the third floor of William H. Hannon Library, a published collection of poems were read aloud along with the added readings from students whose poetry was spotlighted alongside, creating a distinct blend of life-related verses and stanzas. Together, stylized and systematic, the poems came to life in a cacophony of movement; the diversity complemented one another in a manner of which is held stable through the themes of community, collaboration, and naturalistic-based hopes and fears.
The William H. Hannon Library's final installment of Faculty Pub Night brought renowned poet and professor Sarah Maclay to give voice and emphasis on collaborative effort Angle of Reflection – an anthology of poems galore from ten individual writers whose eco-poetry pieces collide and conspire in the wake of a changing world. Joining Sarah Maclay were not only the poets whose works are featured in the anthology, but previous students who, too, stood to face the eager crowd behind the podium.
Upon entering the soon-to-be space, a soft thrum of life seemed to double in presence with each individual to walk through the doors. Friends and fellow poets alike enter the space with smiles and faces filled with a pleasant contentedness. Some were current students of Sarah Maclay's while others were previous students who took part in an eco-poetry class of hers last fall semester who were invited to share their pieces. Laughter trounced the room, soft light filtering through the windows as some stood and stirred, the subtle gazes of the others swept the room conspicuously for an open seat.
A sensation of warmth emanated throughout the space – a familiarity one can only place on the remembrance of some nostalgic shard of serenely sweet memories. The event had yet to begin yet a feeling of peace seemed to fill my being as I observed the melody of voices and gentle words, as if a decibel any higher would disturb the magic of the room. As noise and laughter increased, so did the volume, but I found that the softness of the room – the bated breath before the swan dive off the deep end – kept its integrity.
Then it began.
An emphasis on the changing world was brought to the forefront by Eric Strauss, biology professor and opening speaker for the event, as he proposed to those gathered what a biologist was doing there out of his element with the hopes of convincing the aforementioned crowd that he didn't stumble into the wrong room.
Urban ecology. Sustainability. Restorative justice. Resilience. Connection. Transition. Community.
These were some of the words that stood out, making an impression on the crowd that was admitted through the nodding of heads and resolute, grim expressions of the truth unfurled: the responsibility of the world's upkeep was at stake, and it was up to the scientist and artist to create an awareness in order to enact change.
"I never met anyone who fell in love with science because of a graph," he had remarked, which garnered laughter and head nods. "Word, vision, sound, dance, and however you view the world, we connect through these and so much more".
While humanity has a duty to the world, there was also a duty to do so creatively, acting on our own thoughts and free-will. This is where poetry and the arts come in.
Sarah Maclay came to the podium and offered an introduction of herself, her colleagues, and past students, delving into her previous works, smiling knowingly and with a fizzling excitement that I couldn't help but smile at. She introduced the first reader, a previous student.
Ode-like ecstasies filtered through the mouths of poets – well-versed and published, new and promising – that stood out to me personally that were named "Foxglove Practice" by Amanda – a student at Loyola Marymount University whose poem took on the personification and perspective of a flower –, "Acoustic Rain" by Jeanette Clough – one of the ten poets whose work was featured alongside Sarah Maclay's that she introduced by claiming that "it wouldn't involve travel, except imaginary" –, and "Another Ocean Poem" by Paul Lieber – another of Sarah Maclay's fellow poets whose work showcased in Angle of Reflection that, when I closed my eyes to let its imagery take hold, became more of an all-encompassing experience than words being read from a page.
The diversity of poems that overflowed and spilled over the room arrived in a variety of voices and tones, of different stories and livelihoods lived thoroughly.
Emphases and accentuations.
Softened and emboldened.
Declarative and well-informed.
Some poems are said to be patterned – the haiku comes to mind for me –, much similar to the people speaking them to life, I noticed as the design imprinted from student poet, to published poet, and so on and so forth.
Poetry reminds one what you can do with words, the impressions they leave, and the associations they can make one ponder on. Sarah Maclay's Faculty Pub Night became not only a celebration of the published work and her success, but a celebration of her colleagues and friends, of the Earth and all its wonders and speculations and concerns – and we had the honor to bask in them.
This eighth installment of Faculty Pub Night brought together an audience and transformed them into a community. The call to action and to change to match the actively changing world was deafening yet comforting. Comforting in the sense that there, despite the hardships and struggle the oceans and earth have endured, the priority of reaching out and taking hands to prevent such a catastrophe from taking place – the lengths that science has gone to mending and rehabilitating paired with the rise of awareness and battle cry to not give in just yet through the arts – are not in vain. Especially not in the William H. Hannon Library's Von der Ahe Suite. The sixty gathered slowly come to a wake from a trance of this flickering hope turned brighter to move about, shuffling towards and among the lull of conversation and gentle laughter – pulled by the urge to speak on what had been spoken with those who had bared witnessed a similar miracle.
"This was like a magical experience", spoke a passerby to their companion as they strolled towards the open bar. I couldn't help but agree. Words are a powerful tool that can make you not only consider, but feel. If you take the time out to listen.
Change will always be a part of life – the push and pull – that humanity will have to face together either in a testament to a shared belief that change must be implemented or in an undesired fall from grace. But, in that knowledge, there is a surviving hope that, together, we will overcome the barrier through what creative endeavors to raising awareness and pursuing advancements through knowledge will grant us. Will grant the world of which we stand and thrive on.
The message broadcasted: if we all hold hands, as we had done in the closing of the event with persuasion from the closing speaker, together in community, collaboration, and hope can bring about the tidal wave of rebirth and purpose. I think if we did that more often, not just seeing the similarities across the span of distinct cultures, but in recognizing and accepting our differences in order to create something truly harmonious, hope had never been lost.
Hope will never be lost.
Thank you, Veronica, for sharing your perspective with us! If you are a student interested in being an event correspondent at a library event, contact John Jackson, Head of Outreach and Communications for the William H. Hannon Library.
Women's Voices 2019: What You Missed
2019 Undergraduate Library Research Award Winners


text:
5.12.2015 News Tours
Jennifer Lopez Announces Las Vegas Residency
There's about to be a new diva in town. Following months of rumors, Jennifer Lopez has officially announced her Las Vegas headlining residency.
The global superstar will take over the AXIS Theater at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino beginning Jan. 20, 2016. The nearly two-hour show will feature her numerous hits, a live band and dancers, extravagant costumes, and state-of-the-art special effects.
"I've been preparing for this moment my entire life," said Lopez. "The show is going to be a multifaceted high energy Jenny from the Block party, mixing all aspects of what my fans and I love—dance, hip-hop, Latin, and pop. It's going to be the show I've always dreamt of creating."
So excited!!! This is going to be the show I've always dreamed of creating. Tickets on sale Sat, May 16. #JLoVegas https://t.co/fEnh6mWjSi
— Jennifer Lopez (@JLo) May 13, 2015
Tickets for the first 20 performances will go on sale to the public on Saturday, May 16 at 10 a.m. PT. Tickets range in price from $59 to $219, with VIP packages available, including meet and greets.
J.Lo will also return for the final season of "American Idol" in 2016.
Jennifer Lopez Las Vegas Schedule
January 2016: 20, 22, 23, 27, 29, 30
February 2016: 3, 5, 6, 9
May 2016: 22, 25, 28, 29
June 2016: 1, 3, 4, 8, 11, 12
Likes 1,258
Snoop Dogg and Pharrell Perform 'California Roll' on 'The Voice'
To celebrate the release of his new album BUSH, Snoop Dogg blazed the stage on Tuesday's episode of "The Voice." …
Video: Britney Spears & Iggy Azalea – 'Pretty Girls'
Two blondes are better than one. Britney Spears and Iggy Azalea team up in the out-of-this-world video for "Pretty …


text:
package com.zpy.models;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;

import com.rey.material.app.Dialog;
import com.rey.material.app.DialogFragment;
import com.rey.material.app.SimpleDialog;
import com.rey.material.widget.Button;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Request;
import com.zpy.R;
import com.zpy.Util.okhttp.OkHttpClientManager;
import com.zpy.Util.okhttp.Url;
import com.zpy.entity.UnionResultBean;

public class GuideActivity extends BaseActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    private com.rey.material.widget.Button bt_1;
    private com.rey.material.widget.Button bt_2;
    private com.rey.material.widget.Button bt_3;
    private com.rey.material.widget.Button bt_4;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_guide);
        initToolbar(this, false, getResources().getString(R.string.app_name));
        findView();
    }

    private void findView() {
        bt_1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_1);
        bt_2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_2);
        bt_3 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_3);
        bt_4 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_4);
        bt_1.setOnClickListener(this);
        bt_2.setOnClickListener(this);
        bt_3.setOnClickListener(this);
        bt_4.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        Dialog.Builder builder = null;
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.bt_1:
                builder = new SimpleDialog.Builder(R.style.SimpleDialogLight) {
                    @Override
                    public void onPositiveActionClicked(DialogFragment fragment) {
                        //锁卡
                        unLockByHttp();
                        super.onPositiveActionClicked(fragment);
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onNegativeActionClicked(DialogFragment fragment) {
                        super.onNegativeActionClicked(fragment);
                    }
                };
                ((SimpleDialog.Builder) builder).message(" 几乎每个项目都需要适当的使用style文件几乎每个项目都需要适当的使用style文件")
                        .title("确认锁卡?")
                        .positiveAction("确定")
                        .negativeAction("取消");
                DialogFragment fragment = DialogFragment.newInstance(builder);
                fragment.show(this.getSupportFragmentManager(), null);
                break;

            case R.id.bt_2:
                Intent intent = new Intent(GuideActivity.this, MainActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
                break;
            case R.id.bt_3:
                Intent i3 = new Intent(GuideActivity.this, UsercenterActivity.class);
                startActivity(i3);
                break;
            case R.id.bt_4:
                Intent i4 = new Intent(GuideActivity.this, CheckActivity.class);
                startActivity(i4);
                break;
        }

    }

    private void unLockByHttp() {
        /*Map<String ,String> params = new HashMap<>();
        //params.put("locked",0+"");
        OkHttpClientManager.postAsyn(Url.LOCK, new OkHttpClientManager.ResultCallback<UnionResultBean>() {
            @Override
            public void onError(Request request, Exception e) {
                showLongToast("锁卡失败,请重试");
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(UnionResultBean response) {
                showLongToast(response.getMessage());
            }
        },params);
        */
        OkHttpClientManager.getAsyn(Url.LOCK, new OkHttpClientManager.ResultCallback<UnionResultBean>() {
            @Override
            public void onError(Request request, Exception e) {
                showLongToast("锁卡失败,请重试");
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(UnionResultBean response) {
                showLongToast(response.getMessage());
            }
        });
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Automatic spreadsheet generation in Excel VBA My friend and I currently have a master spreadsheet that I need to be broken out into smaller spreadsheets regularly. This used to be a manual process, but I'd like to automate it. I created a three step solution in VBA which would help me accomplish this that did the following:

*

*Apply relevant filters to spreadsheet

*Export data currently visible after filter into new spreadsheet

*Save spreadsheet and go back to 1 (different criteria)

Unfortunately I am having a hard time implementing it. Whenever I try to generate the spreadsheet, my document hangs, starts performs several calculations and then gives this me this error message:

Upon debugging the code, I get an error message at this line:

One Excel workbook is left open and only one row is visible (the second row pulled from the Master which contains header information) and nothing else.
What exactly is going on here?
This is my code so far:
The heart of it all
' This bit of code get's all the primary contacts in column F, it does
' this by identifying all the unique values in column F (from F3 onwards)
Sub GetPrimaryContacts()
    Dim Col As New Collection
    Dim itm
    Dim i As Long
    Dim CellVell As Variant

    'Get last row value
    LastRow = Cells.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeLastCell).Row

    'Loop between all column F to get unique values
    For i = 3 To LastRow
        CellVal = Sheets("Master").Range("F" & i).Value
        On Error Resume Next
        Col.Add CellVal, Chr(34) & CellVal & Chr(34)
        On Error GoTo 0
    Next i

    ' Once we have the unique values, apply the TOKEN NOT ACTIVATED FILTER
    Call TokenNotActivated
    For Each itm In Col
        ActiveSheet.Range("A2:Z2").Select
        Selection.AutoFilter Field:=6, Criteria1:=itm
        ' This is where the magic happens... creating the individual workbooks
        Call TokenNotActivatedProcess
    Next
    ActiveSheet.AutoFilter.ShowAllData
End Sub

The "token not activated" filter
Sub TokenNotActivated()
'Col M = Yes
'Col U = provisioned
ThisWorkbook.Sheets(2).Activate
ActiveSheet.Range("A2:Z2").Select
Selection.AutoFilter Field:=13, Criteria1:="Yes"
Selection.AutoFilter Field:=21, Criteria1:="provisioned", Operator:=xlFilterValues
End Sub

Running the process to get the workbooks saved
Function TokenNotActivatedProcess()
    Dim r As Range, n As Long, itm, FirstRow As Long
    n = Cells(Rows.Count, 1).End(xlUp).Row
    Set r = Range("A1:A" & n).Cells.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeVisible)
    FirstRow = ActiveSheet.Range("F2").End(xlDown).Row
    itm = ActiveSheet.Range("F" & FirstRow).Value
    If r.Count - 2 > 0 Then Debug.Print itm & " - " & r.Count - 2
    Selection.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeVisible).Select
    Selection.Copy
    Workbooks.Add
    ActiveSheet.Paste
    Application.CutCopyMode = False
    ActiveWorkbook.SaveAs Filename:="C:\Working\Testing\TokenNotActivated - " & itm + ".xls", FileFormat:=52, CreateBackup:=False
End Function

A: This error is caused by trying to filter an empty range. After analysing your code, my guess is that you are missing a worksheet activation here, since repeating the line ActiveSheet.Range("A2:Z2").Select after calling the function TokenNotActivated does not make sense and maybe your code is trying to filter some empty range/worksheet.


text:
Former Philadelphia Mob Boss Nicky Scarfo Is Dead
By Ed Scarpo Sunday, January 15, 2017
Looks like Nicodemo D. "Little Nicky" Scarfo, known for his reign of violence over the Philadelphia Cosa Nostra in the 1980s, won't walk out of prison one day, as a source had previously surmised.
Scarfo died in a federal prison medical facility in Butner, NC, underworld sources have revealed, as reported by George Anastasia on Big Trial.
Little Nicky, right, Phil Leonetti, and Lawrence Merlino; Leonetti and Merlino
both flipped. Merlino died in 2001.
Anastasia noted in the story, posted around three hours earlier tonight that:
"Prison officials could not be reached to confirm the report which began circulating in South Philadelphia this morning. Scarfo had been an inmate at the medical facility for more than a year. Cause of death, which reportedly occurred on Friday, could not be determined, but sources said he had been plagued with several medical problems."
Scarfo was 87 and allegedly was doing his best to make it out of prison alive after completing his 55-year sentence for racketeering and murder charges. That was a nearly impossible goal, however, as it would've meant Scarfo living to the ripe old age of 103.
READ Philly, Bloody Philly: from Docile Don Bruno to Little Nicky Scarfo
Scarfo and 16 others were convicted in 1988 on racketeering and murder charges.
In 1963, Angelo Bruno had banished Scarfo for his violent manners to a then-backwater area on the outskirts of the Philadelphia Mafia's empire, called Atlantic City.
Scarfo took over the Philadelphia crime family following the 1980 murder by nail bomb of Philip "Chicken Man" Testa.
Testa rose to the pinnacle for what was a (very) brief run following the 1980 shotgun slaying of longtime Philadelphia Mafia boss Bruno. The old-school Cosa Nostra boss was shot and killed while seated in the front seat of his car, which was parked in front of his South Philadelphia home on that notorious night in March 1980.
(Law enforcement later questioned Bruno's driver that night, John Stanfa; law enforcement officials believed Stanfa was in on the hit. Stanfa would rise to the pinnacle of the crime family after Scarfo and end up spending his reign fighting Joseph Skinny Joey Merlino and his faction, which allegedly used Ralph Natale as a front boss, so he could be the focus for law enforcement and the media.)
The diminutive mob boss who killed scores of wiseguys.
As Anastasia noted:
Around 25 mob members and associates were killed during Scarfo's reign, most directly on Scarfo's orders.
About that same number of members and associates were indicted and jailed owing to Scarfo's poor leadership skills.
Basically, Scarfo's violent reign, including the murders and all those indicted "wiped out a generation of potential leaders." The Feds focused on using testimony from mobsters who had fallen out of favor with the murderous mob boss and went to the government seeking protection from Scarfo's wrath.
READ Nicky Scarfo, 87, Will Walk Out of Prison, Retired Prison Guard Quips
Scarfo transformed what was once a highly profitable and tightly run crime family into "a shell" of what it had once been.
Among the witnesses who testified at Scarfo's 1988 trial were Thomas "Tommy Del" DelGiorno and Nicholas "Nicky Crow" Caramandi.
"Their testimony opened the flood gates, and for a time Philadelphia had the unique underworld distinction of providing more cooperating witnesses per capita than any other Mafia family in America," Anastasia wrote.
The former Philadelphia don doing what he won't
ever do again: walk out of prison.
Of all the turncoats, however, Anastasia noted that the "most embarrassing (one) to Scarfo... was the defection of his nephew and underboss, Philip Leonetti. Leonetti, a highly effective government witness who testified at several trials up and down the East Coast, had his 45-year prison sentence reduced to five years, five months and five days as a result of his cooperation."
It was supposedly to pay his nephew one last visit that Scarfo motivated himself to stay alive. Or so it was alleged.
Well, that's one less thing for Leonetti to concern himself with.
Angelo Bruno Atlantic City John Stanfa Joseph "Skinny Joey" Merlino Joseph Testa Nicodemo "Little Nicky" Scarfo Philadelphia crime family Philip "Crazy Phil" Leonetti Philip Chicken Man Testa
Who Killed Joe Colombo? We Asked His Son
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Criminal Justice? Separate Verdicts in Gangland Hit
Wiser Guy Author Louis DiVita Slated for Chepesiuk...
Nicky Scarfo Declined First Offer To Be Boss
Nicky Scarfo's Early Years in Philadelphia Cosa No...
Bad Blood Coming to TV This Summer
Mafia Still a Power On the Waterfront
Montreal Mafia Fractured and Still Fighting
Gotti Grandson Granted $2M Bail, Faces More Conspi...
How Carlo Gambino Became Boss of Bosses of the Mafia
Anastasia Loyalists Faced Gambino's Wrath
Dellacroce Linked to Notorious '56 Acid Attack on ...
Toppling Carlo Gambino on 1966 La Stella Meeting A...


Scientists at the University of California, San Diego Autism Center of Excellence has found a new study about autism. They have discovered that autistic children have many more brain cells than their typical developing peers. This was discovered when the babies were still in their mothers' wombs.
"Autism affects one in every 150 children in the U.S., and a new study by UC San Diego scientists indicate the roots may be found in prenatal development.
It also suggests that the bulk of autism's effect on the brain is felt early on, in the prenatal and perinatal stages of development, and not caused by environmental factors in infancy."
Report Reveals Ways Brain Science Could Improve Special Ed.


Coombs Junction Signs (CJS) offers vehicle wrap and mobile advertising solutions to individuals and all types of businesses; whether you're promoting a small business, launching a new product or a well-established company looking for new and creative ways to advertise and reach new customers. In addition to vehicle wraps and design, Coombs Junction Signs has the experience and credibility to service all of your advertising and marketing needs. Coombs Junction Signs also designs, prints and installs wraps for Buildings, Retail Storefront Windows, Restaurant and other Murals, Walls (Custom Digital Wall Paper) and Billboards.
Adhesive vinyl signs can be applied to smooth glass.


InformIT is your trusted source for technology learning. They have books, ebooks, software, practice tests, and more on topics like business & management, cloud computing & virtualization, graphics & web design, programming, security, and much more. And with an InformIT discount code, you can save on everything you need to stay on the cutting edge of technology.


text:
Sanders: North Dakota Pipeline 'A Violation Of Rights'
Robert Fowler
Independent Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont has urged President Barack Obama to halt the construction of the Dakota Access oil pipeline, charging that it violates tribal treaty rights.
On Oct. 13, Sanders and four Democratic senators sent a letter to President Obama asking him to halt construction of the controversial pipeline until federal regulators conduct a more thorough assessment of its environmental and cultural impact on the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, The Hill reports.
"We support the tribes along the pipeline route in their fight against the Dakota Access pipeline project," the letter said.
The Dakota Access oil pipeline would be a 1,170-mile pipeline that would span across four states and cost $3.8 billion.
The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe has protested the pipeline, which would encroach within 20 miles of Lake Oahe, the water supply for their reservation, according to the Los Angeles Times.
On Oct. 9, a federal appeals court ruled in favor of resuming construction of the pipeline. On Oct. 11, Energy Transfer Partners began resuming construction of the pipeline.
The same day, eight people were arrested in Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota and Washington state for attempting to close down other states' pipelines in a show of unity with the Dakota Access protesters.
In their letter, Sanders and his fellow senators asserted that the Army Corps did not closely examine whether or not the pipeline would have environmental effects on the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe or destroy sites of cultural importance to them.
"It is imperative that the [Army] Corps' permitting process be transparent and include public notice and participation, formal and meaningful tribal consultation, and adequate environmental review," the letter states. "until that occurs, construction of this project must be halted."
Sanders' letter was signed by Democratic Sens. Patrick Leahy of Vermont, Dianne Feinstein of California, Ed Markey of Massachusetts and Ben Cardin of Maryland.
The Dakota Access pipeline has become increasingly controversial, with county sheriffs complaining about protestors terrorizing local residents neighboring the protesters' camp, The Washington Times reports.
The Standing Rock Sioux tribe has condemned any protesters who have acted out, stating "Any act of violence hurts our case and is not welcome here."
Earthjustice, a non-profit law firm that represents the Standing Rock Sioux tribe, has also urged President Obama to halt the construction of the pipeline.
"The court ruling includes an important acknowledgement that the Obama administration still has the power to deny key permits -- a reminder to us all of the important role we each need to play in asking President Obama to use his power to right these wrongs," Earthjustice stated.
Sources: The Hill, Los Angeles Times, The Washington Times / Photo Credit: Phil Roeder/Flickr
Standing Rock Sioux TribepoliticsBernie SandersDakota Access PipelineSociety
Al Gore Voices Support For Dakota Pipeline Protest
Dakota Access Pipeline Leaked 84 Gallons Of Oil
Tribes Unite To Protest North Dakota Oil Pipeline
Judge Right To Halt North Dakota Pipeline Work
Obama Expected To Approve Dakota Access Pipeline
Judge Rules Against Dakota Access Pipeline Permits
Police Arrest 141 At North Dakota Pipeline Protest
Dakota Access Protesters Face Arrest Or Evacuation


I usually tend to wear either opaque black or grey tights, but I managed to find two pairs of cute, interesting tights for today, so I decided to wear them both!
So, in addition to the tights and black pumps seen above, I wore a crisp white shirt (I love the v-neck collar on this one), a purple and silver beaded collar necklace and a black bodycon skirt (a twin to the pink one seen on Day 6). I was in a bit of a hurry, so while I would have liked to blowdry my hair, I swept it into a sock bun instead (lifesaver!) and wore black eyeliner with a soft pink lip and rose blush.


Chicago native saxophonist Fred Jackson and American drummer Frank Rosaly team up with Frenchmen Stephane Payen, on sax, and drummer Edward Perraud for an al fresco session of jazz and improvisation in the Mona Bismarck American Center garden. Open exceptionally for Fête de la Musique, this extraordinary musical exchange is organized in collaboration with The Bridge.
Bring your picnic, enjoy the original hotdog cart Hutch and stay a while. Family friendly concert to start at 5 PM, with a second set at 8 PM.


Cry Wolf cries wolf thirty odd times. It cries wolf with the trapped miner, the lone herder, the locked up dissenter, the downtrodden people, the family of the dying and the dead, the hungry body, the thirsty soul, the mother robbed of her child, the abused child. Because the wolf is there, and the world so busy, weary or deaf that even the wolf cries wolf.
Spanish-born Cristina Navazo-Eguía Newton has published two collections, La Frontera and Rutas de Largo Recorrido, in her native language, with work also included in several anthologies. She now lives in Britain, where some of her English poems have appeared in journals – most recently in PN Review – and been short-listed at the Strokestown, Gregory O'Donoghue and Nottingham Poetry Society competitions. Her poem "Edison Peña Runs the Six Miles" won the Poetry London Competition 2011. Cry Wolf is her first full collection in English.


JAMIE VARDY paid tribute to his team-mates, his manager and the club's fans on Saturday after his two late goals at another improbable point - their seventh from losing positions this season.
Two half-time substitutions by manager Claudio Ranieri turned a game that was drifting beyond them, bringing on Nathan Dyer and Riyad Mahrez - and each laid on a goal for the new England striker.
"It is brilliant at the moment," said Vardy. "But it's nothing to do with me really. It is a team game. The team has put me in the position to score the goals and the whole squad has been a massive help to me."
Ranieri denied that managing his team is a stressful way to earn a living. His "Tinkerman" nickname at Chelsea was not meant to be complimentary after he was seen as disrupting team rhythm with too many changes.
This season, however, every substitution seems to pay off.
"There is a very good spirit in the group," said Ranieri. "They play for the team and this is very important."
Southampton were understandably disappointed after centre-backs Jose Fonte and Virgil Van Dijk had given them a 2-0 half-time lead.
"Until the second goal went in, it was a perfect day," said Fonte. "I'm really happy with the my contract, really happy with how the national team went, scoring a goal. But when we conceded the second goal it was very frustrating and disappointing.
"After the game obviously you are disappointed and you talk about the things you did wrong. But come Tuesday we need to stick together and we need to learn from it, analyse the situation. We are going to see the video and make sure we don't make the same mistakes again."


text:
Category: Business & Entrepreneur
How to Include User Generated Content in your Marketing Strategy
How to Include User Generated Content in your Marketing Strategy 79% of consumers say UGC highly impacts their purchasing decisions With a huge trending number of consumers turning to social media for information, research and for buying products, the power of user generated content is undeniable. Let's discuss in this blog post what UGC is…
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When it comes to building self-confidence, it really is all about you! Has this ever happened to you? You're sailing along, having a wonderful day, and all of a sudden, you look over at that person "over there" and start comparing where you are, to where they appear to be. If you're working on building your confidence, the…
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Our June Elevate meeting focused on a fabulous topic – Intuition and Business Decisions with guest Tanya Rendall. Tanya is a Soul Alignment Coach ~ Intuitive Energy Healer and you can find her here: https://awakenyoursoul3.wixsite.com/awakenyoursoul https://www.facebook.com/awakenursoul https://www.instagram.com/awakenyour.soul/ I wanted to explore this subject because I have never been very in touch with my feelings or…
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Getting Over The February Blues Getting Over The February Blues Is anyone else struggling this month? I'm honestly finding it very challenging to stay motivated, stay on top of everything, and not to feel blah. I feel like I'm drowning in a hardcore case of the February Blues. And so I'm writing this article in…


text:
Q: Irrefutable/lazy pattern exercise in Haskell wikibook Half way down here...
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Haskell/Laziness
...is an exercise asking about the effects of changes to an alternative implementation of the head function that uses irrefutable patterns. It provides a definition of head' as follows, noting that it will always return undefined due to irrefutable matching of the first equation:
head' :: [a] -> a
head' ~[]     = undefined
head' ~(x:xs) = x

Then it asks:

*

*Why won't changing the order of the equations to head' help here?

*If the first equation is changed to use an ordinary refutable pattern,
will the behavior of head' still be different from that of head? If
so, how?

In GHC 7.8.4 it seems that changing the order "helps" at least to the extent of making this function behave like the regular partial version of head, albeit with a different exception in the empty list case. The answer to the second question would appear to me to be "no", but given the "if so, how" addendum, it feels like I must be missing something here too. Can anyone enlighten me? The solutions link on the page does not cover this exercise unfortunately.

A: I'm not sure what the wikibook means by "help".  You are correct that changing the order will make it behave essentially like the normal head.  Similarly, you are correct that making the first pattern refutable would also make it behave like head.  I'm going to say that these questions are confused; they are definitely confusing.
We can verify these answers by calculation (including calculation with GHC):
head [] = ⊥
head (x:xs) = x
head ⊥ = ⊥

head' [] = ⊥
head' (x:xs) = ⊥
head' ⊥ = ⊥

head1 [] = ⊥
head1 (x:xs) = x
head1 ⊥ = ⊥

head2 [] = ⊥
head2 (x:xs) = x
head2 ⊥ = ⊥

head is the standard library version. head' is the version from the wikibook. head1 is the version with the clauses swapped. head2 is the version with the first pattern being a refutable match against []. ⊥ is read as "bottom" and represents a non-terminating or exceptional computation, i.e. undefined.
What I would've expected is examples like the following where there are subtle but significant differences between refutable and irrefutable patterns:
konst ~() = ()

konst' () = ()

partialId ~(x:xs) = x:xs

partialId' (x:xs) = x:xs