text:
Q: How to remove a value from a dynamically generated Json Object

{
        "1": {
            "0": [
                7606,
                7615,
                7596,
                7513,
                7514,
                7597,
                7605,
                7607,
                7608,
                7595
            ],
            "87": [
                7514,
                7605,
                7644,
                7607,
                7608
            ]
        },
         "2": {
            "0": [
                7573,
                7605,
                7572,
                7569
            ]
         },
         "3": { ....

}

I have this Following demo Json array . Note - There can be other objects too inside 1 or 2...
I need to remove the value of the array element which contains any value which matched in a  given array [7605,7608,7615,7573]. I need to remove all these values form the above json array .
How can i recursively traverse the following array and remove all these values from the leaf array of the object  .
For the above input the output should be
{
        "1": {
            "0": [
                7606,
                7596,
                7513,
                7514,
                7597,
                7607,
                7595
            ],
            "87": [
                7514,
                7644,
                7607
            ]
        },
         "2": {
            "0": [
                7568,
                7572,
                7569
            ]
         }
}

I tried using Object.keys but i am confused with the dynamic nature of the json.

A: You are correct in noting that Object.keys() is helpful in implementing a solution for a dynamic object such as this, but here's a possible recursive implementation employing the use of Object.entries() instead:

function filterObject(o, v) {
  return Object
    .entries(o).map(([key, value]) => {
      if (Array.isArray(value)) {
        value = value.filter(n => !v.includes(n))
      } else {
        value = filterObject(value, v)
      }

      return [key, value]
    })
    .reduce((o, [key, value]) => {
      return Object.assign(o, {
        [key]: value
      })
    }, {})
}

console.log(filterObject({
  "1": {
    "0": [
      7606,
      7615,
      7596,
      7513,
      7514,
      7597,
      7605,
      7607,
      7608,
      7595
    ],
    "87": [
      7514,
      7605,
      7644,
      7607,
      7608
    ]
  },
  "2": {
    "0": [
      7573,
      7605,
      7572,
      7569
    ]
  }
}, [7605, 7608, 7615, 7573]))

MDN's polyfills for various functions:

*

*Object.assign()

*Object.entries()

*Array#includes()

A: You can use filter method which accepts a callback function in combination with Object.keys method.
The forEach() method executes a provided function once for each array element.
The indexOf() is used in order to returns the first index at which a given element can be found in the array, or -1 if it is not present.
The filter method creates a new array with all elements that pass the test implemented by the provided function.
forEach is used in order to iterating the object keys, then use filter method in order to remove items from array(those items which also exists in the given array [7605,7608,7615,7573]).
Also you can use includes method in order to check the presence of item in a given array.
json[key][subkey]=json[key][subkey].filter(function(item){
  return !array.includes(item);
});

let array=[7605,7608,7615,7573];
let json={
        "1": {
            "0": [
                7606,
                7615,
                7596,
                7513,
                7514,
                7597,
                7605,
                7607,
                7608,
                7595
            ],
            "87": [
                7514,
                7605,
                7644,
                7607,
                7608
            ]
        },
         "2": {
            "0": [
                7573,
                7605,
                7572,
                7569
            ]
         }
}
Object.keys(json).forEach(function(key){
  Object.keys(json[key]).forEach(function(subkey){
    json[key][subkey]=json[key][subkey].filter(function(item){
      return array.indexOf(item)==-1;
    });
  });
});
console.log(json);


text:
Imaginary Collection Vol. IV
von Bartha x Caroline Bøge
MAI 05 2021 – JUN 26 2021
2112, Denmark
von Bartha is pleased to present the fourth edition of The Imaginary Collection, an ongoing series of temporary exhibitions with works from the gallery's archive, curated by independent collectors and presented within unique spaces. The fourth edition will see Danish Art Advisor Caroline Bøge curate Take the Stage, her 'Imaginary Collection', featuring works by 12 international artists presented at 2112 in Copenhagen, 5 May – 26 June 2021.
Testifying to a life-long love of art, Caroline has selected 35 works from von Bartha's archive, by a diverse range of artists including: Anna Dickinson; Barry Flanagan; Athene Galiciadis; Terry Haggerty; Imi Knoebel; Mike Meiré; Landon Metz; Sarah Oppenheimer; Francisco Sierra; Claudia Wieser; and John Wood & Paul Harrison. Entitled Take the Stage, Bøge has centred her 'Imaginary Collection' around the theme of the stage. As a former dancer with the Royal Danish Ballet, the stage and performance are subjects that resonate with Bøge.
For her curated collection she draws parallels between the stage and the pursuit of art collecting. Like the stage, an art collection presents endless possibilities for transformation, and like a Director, art collectors can create their own narratives through their collection. At the center of the room Bøge has installed Imi Knoebel's new work 'Centrum'; a distinctive cross-shaped work symbolically suggestive of a church, whilst Barry Flanagan's 'Unihare on Crescent and Bell' seems to inhabit the space as performer. Frozen in the weightless moment of leaping over a crescent moon and a bell that could have fallen from Knoebel's church, the hare seems to defy reason and head into the black void of Francisco Sierra's small painting 'Untitled' – into the limitless possibilities of imagination.
Caroline Bøge, Art Advisor, commented: "When I was asked to create a personal Imaginary Collection in cooperation with the esteemed Swiss gallery von Bartha, I had to consider how I would testify a lifetime of love for art. And how I would choose from the gallery's incredible inventory. I decided to curate this imaginary collection around a place that is close to my heart as well as an interesting topic in relation to art collecting: the stage.
With Kazimir Malevic's 'Black Square' as art historical reference and ground zero, I have taken on the role as Director for this exhibition and set the scene. Some of the works on display have been chosen with direct reference to the iconic work, whilst others allude to performance, set construction and staged reality. Most importantly all works have been chosen because they make me think – and because I would personally wish to be surrounded by them."
2112.DK

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Frequently asked questions about our touring holidays in India
I want to see the Taj Mahal - do you include this on your tours?
Yes we do. We include this New World Wonder on all our India group tours that cover the north. You'll spend the afternoon on a guided tour of the Taj Mahal, learning all about why and how it was built. Our visit to Agra also includes guided touring of the Agra Fort.
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I'm a second time visitor to India. What can you offer me?
If you've already covered India's popular Golden Triangle, consider visiting the tropical south. The state of Kerala offers sandy beaches, lush waterways and wildlife reserves, and is a great choice for second-time visitors. Our escorted Captivating Kerala tour covers the best of the region in a week-long itinerary. Alternatively, we have a range of exciting private itineraries that cover everywhere from the far northeast to the less-visited south. You can also create your dream tailor-made holiday with the aid of our expert team. Get in touch to start planning.
How big are your tour groups and what is the age of your travellers?
On shorter itineraries that cover the Golden Triangle and other highlights in India's north, the average group size is around 18 passengers. Once you start travelling further afield on longer tours then this average size drops down to around 8-10 passengers. Our special festival departures are much larger due to the unique nature of the events we cover such as Holi and Diwali. You'll find a real mix of ages on our India tours from those in their late 20s to those in their early 70s. The average age is between 45-50 years.
What is the standard of hotels on your trips?
On our India group tours you'll be staying in 3-4 star hotels with a mix of modern and heritage properties. On all tours that visit the main sights of Rajasthan you'll get to experience former royal residences and beautiful havelis transformed into tourist accommodation. It'll give you a real insight into the region's cultural and architectural heritage. While in Kerala you'll spend a night aboard a traditional houseboat - it's the perfect way to explore the backwaters.
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For the most part you'll be travelling in comfortable, private vehicles with air-conditioning. The size of the vehicle depends on the group size with either mid-size people carriers or larger coaches. There will also be the chance to experience more local forms of transportation including a rickshaw ride in Delhi and a houseboat ride in Kerala.
When is the best time to visit India for general sightseeing?
India is a big country and the climate varies dramatically from north to south though the dry season is by far the best time to visit. The months of October to February are ideal as rainfall is minimal in most parts of the country, which makes sightseeing much more pleasurable. For more info on the weather, have a read of our Best Time to Visit India page.
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To book your tour to India, please call us on 020-7371-1113, email us at info@onthegotours.com or book online. Alternatively, we work with a number of travel agents, so you can book through your travel agent if you prefer. Recent travel agents that booked a trip to India with us:
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Exciting Days, Comfortable Nights
Our Signature group tours place local interaction and authenticity at the heart of your travel experience.
For our Signature range, we maximize your days with excitement and then bring you home to specially selected accommodation with extra character, convenience and comfort, whether that's a five-star river boat on the Nile or a traditional Japanese Ryokan. Accommodation in this range features comfortable western standards, air-conditioning, WiFi and, where appropriate, a swimming pool.
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The Tailor-made itineraries we've suggested are designed to give you an idea of what you could do with us. If you'd like to change any aspect of the trips you see, please get in touch. If you aren't quite sure of what you want to do, that's no problem either! One of our experienced travel consultants can make suggestions then together you can tweak until it's the perfect fit.


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Michigan vs. TCU Last Standings, Result: Horned Frogs Become National Championship In Top News
The fireworks started in the 0.33 region and continued until the final whistle was blown. But while all was said
and done, the Horned Frogs sealed their spot in the national championship.
No. 3 TCU topped No. 2 Michigan 51-45 in a modern classic, The Wolverines' (13-0) run was a stir this season
pummeling their opponents week after week. That includes their 22-point thrashing of archrival
The Horned Frogs (12-1) have collectively put together one of the best years in bidding history
Quarterback Max Duggan becomes the Heisman runner-up after a 30-touchdown, 4-interception season.
Still, it's hard to imagine he faced a front seven as daunting as Michigan's. The decision in the field of not focused on stands.
TCU is going to win the game and advance to the national championship! McCarthy muffles the snap! The ball finally ends up


text:
Український державний банк — головна емісійна та центральна банківська установа Української Народної Республіки та Української Держави.

Історія створення

Українська Народна Республіка
Із проголошенням Української Народної Республіки 29 вересня 1917 року Генеральний Секретаріат УНР у своїй Декларації заявив про намір розробити законопроєкт про створення Національного українського банку, до якого мусили перейти усі справи Київської контори Державного банку та усіх його відділів на території України. 9 грудня 1917 року Мала Рада УНР ухвалила подібний законопроєкт, а 22 грудня Центральною Радою було прийнято закон про перетворення Київської контори Держбанку Росії на Український державний банк.

Утім, перейменування Київської контори імперського Держбанку на Український державний банк ще не означало його реального функціонування. За часів Центральної Ради та існування УНР не було затверджено Статуту Державного банку, не було ні основного, ні резервного фондів; не було запроваджено навіть центральної бухгалтерії, як і не налагоджено зв'язків із провінційними відділеннями, які існували автономно. Так, наприклад, Харківська і Одеська контори функціонували настільки самостійно, що центральне управління не могло затребувати від них повідомлень про балансові зведення. Не найкращим чином виглядав і баланс самої Київської контори Держбанку. Крім того, після встановлення в Україні більшовицької влади більшість банківських активів було вивезено до Росії, або знищено.

Після визволення Києва і країни від більшовиків стан фінансових справ державних банківських контор був жалюгідним. У їхньому розпорядженні загалом залишилося відсоткових державних паперів лише на 686 млн 332 тис. 899 крб; більшовики їх вивезли на 686 млн 549 крб. Населення, яке мало на руках величезну грошову масу, не зберігало її у банківських установах. Подібна ситуація склалася і щодо Державного банку, якого практично не існувало.

Українська Держава
Після гетьманського перевороту (29 квітня 1918 року), одразу після створення уряду Ф. Лизогуба, новий міністр фінансів А. Ржепецький заявив газеті «Відродження» про те, що намагатиметься, зокрема, оновити банківський апарат у формі Державного і приватного банків. За нової влади виконувачем обов'язків директора Державного банку залишався В. Ігнатович.

За Гетьманату створювати Український державний банк довелося, по-суті, заново. Одночасно з діяльністю з виготовлення повного юридично-фінансового забезпечення головного банківського закладу країни вживалися й заходи щодо відновлення зв'язку з конторами й відділеннями, налагодження центральної бухгалтерії, призначення службовців тощо. Підготовча робота тривала до початку серпня 1918 року.

6 серпня було затверджено Закон про встановлення розпису платні службовцям у конторах і відділах Державного банку, який набрав чинності з 1 червня 1918 року. Відтоді «видачу добових та процентових додаткових грошей було припинено». Офіційно Державний банк засновано 10 серпня 1918 року, коли Гетьманом Павлом Скоропадським було підписано Закон про затвердження Статуту Українського державного банку і асигнування коштів до його основного капіталу. У пункті 3 закону зокрема йшлося: «Відпустити з коштів Державної Скарбниці 100.000.000 крб. на утворення основного капіталу Державного Банку з проведенням цього видатку по обрахунку Кредитової Канцелярії на 1918 рік по Відділі Надзвичайних Видатків».

Державний банк був одночасно як емісійним і депозитним банком банків, так і державного короткотермінового кредиту, який мав право приймати внески і надавати позики квазідержавним та іншим комерційним закладам та банкам. Офіційно він відкрився 2 вересня 1918 року. Втім, Державний банк почав виявляти свою активну діяльність іще як до свого офіційного відкриття, так і до свого офіційного заснування, й не лише випуском кредитових білетів, що говорить про початок його повномірного функціонування за Гетьманату.

У рефераті-аналізі урядової політики Кабінету Міністрів Ф. Лизогуба 1918 року зазначалося, що Державний банк був державною кредитовою установою, яка за своєю структурою відповідала рівневі економічного розвитку Української Держави.

Структура
Офіційно Державний банк підпорядковувався міністрові фінансів. Загальне ж управління Державним банком доручалося Раді Держбанку та його директорові.

Директор банку водночас очолював Раду, яка складалася з директора Кредитової канцелярії, члена від Державного контрою, члена від Міністерства торгу і промисловості та трьох представників, яких затверджував Гетьман за поданням міністра фінансів, а також члена від кооперації, члена від київського Біржового комітету, двох членів від Союзу промисловості, торгівлі, фінансів і сільського господарства України (Протофісу) та одного — від Крайового союзу хліборобів-землевласників, які обиралися громадськими організаціями терміном на 2 роки. За розпорядженням міністра фінансів до Ради могли також запрошуватися представники відповідних відомств, справи яких розглядалися.

Голові Ради Державного банку було дозволено на власний розсуд, за потреби, запросити відповідальних осіб на засідання з правом дорадчого голосу. Засідання Ради відбувалося не рідше як двічі протягом місяця.

При Раді Держбанку, під безпосереднім керівництвом його директора, існували:
 відділ кредитових білетів
 відділ місцевих інституцій
 центральна бухгалтерія
 центральна канцелярія

Кожен з підрозділів належав до центрального керівництва банку. При відділі місцевих інституцій існували окрема інспекція та правнича частина, а також працював юрисконсульт, якому, за потреби, могли б доручити завідувати правничою частиною.

Директорові Державного банку належала виконавча влада у справах, які не були доручені місцевим інституціям Банку, а розпорядча сягала повноважень, яких не мали міністр фінансів і Рада Держбанку. Зокрема, до обов'язків директора Державного банку входило:
 Загальне керівництво Банком і нагляд за доладністю ведення справ, за виконанням умов Статуту і наказу Банку, а також за цілісністю усіх його кас і коштовностей
 Відносини і листування від імені банку;
 Розпорядження, які стосувалися службовців банку;
 Призначення ревізій та відряджень службовцям банку;
 Оперування витратами з правом переміщувати кредити в межах, зазначених при затверджені щорічного обрахунку;
 Складання і подача до належних інстанцій річного обрахунку і подання справ банку;
 Управління, згідно з вказівками міністра фінансів, операціями, що доручаються банкові за рахунок Державної скарбниці, а також операціями із золотом та відсотковими паперами, які належали банкові й ощадкасам;
 Завідування окремими операціями, які включаються в обов'язки банку, на доручення міністра фінансів, з позиками, конверсіями тощо.

Директора Державного банку призначав Гетьман за поданням міністра фінансів. Таким самим чином призначався товариш (заступник) та управитель його Київської контори. 23 серпня 1918 року Гетьман наказом № 4 ухвалив доповідну міністра фінансів, згідно з якою з 1 червня 1918 року товаришем директора Державного банку призначався М. Костецький, а управителем його Київської контори — В. Ігнатович.

Керівна частина Державного банку визначалася на посадові класифікації окремим «Тимчасовим нормальним росписом окладів утримання і клас посад службовців у Центральному управлінні Українського Державного банку», який вказував ще й на рівень розрядів банківських працівників. Посада директора Державного банку, наприклад, відповідала IV класові і ІІ пенсійному розрядові, але розмір пенсійного утримання директора не був фіксованим, а призначався урядом. Четвертому класові і ІІ пенсійному розрядові відповідали й посади членів Ради Банку, що були призначеними від Міністерства фінансів, розмір річного утримання яких становив по 12 тис. крб. Разом з тим, у «Росписі» зазначалося, що члени Ради від Міністерства фінансів, Державного контролю і Міністерства торгу і промисловості, які мають ще одну штатну посаду з певним утриманням, одержують із посадою члена Ради Державного банку додатково ще по 3 тис. крб. на рік, на відміну від виборних членів Ради, які ніякої платні не отримували. П'ятому класові і ІІІ розрядові відповідали посади: товариша директора Державного банку з 15 тис. крб річних, директорів виділів та інспекторів, кожний з яких отримував за рік 11 тис. крб тощо. До найнижчого Х класу і VII розряду належали посади канцелярського урядовця ІІ та ІІІ рангу (із зарплатнею, відповідно, у 3 тис. 900 та 3 тис. 600 крб на рік) та практиканта із річною ставкою у 1 тис. 800 карбованців.

Ставки решти банківських працівників визначав Закон «Про встановлення роспису платні службовцям в конторах і відділах Державного банку» від 6 серпня 1918 року. Закон набув чинності з 1 червня 1918 р. У доданому до нього «Росписі платні службовцям контор Державного банку» робітники Київської контори були виокремлені в окрему штатну підбірку як більш високооплачувані, на відміну від працівників інших контор — Харківської та Одеської. Місцеві відділи Державного банку поділялися на три розряди в залежності від класифікації місцевості, що, в свою чергу, впливало на розмір зарплатні працівників.

Діяльність банку

Динаміка банківських операцій
Активні операції Держбанку поступово зростали. Так, з 1 липня по 23 листопада 1918 року каса Державного банку зросла з 126 млн 732 тис. до 751 млн 967 тис. крб; облік векселів збільшився майже вдвічі (з 332 млн 887 тис. до 652 млн 446 тис. крб); позики скарбниці під торговельні операції збільшилися з 619 млн 966 тис. до 1 млрд 129 млн 359 тис. крб; збільшилися, хоча й не набагато, спеціальні позики, а саме на 8 млн крб, з яких зросли і спеціальні позики установам дрібного кредиту (з 12 млн 160 тис. до 20 млн 098 тис. крб), банківські суми за кордоном з 53 млн. 400 тис. крб. (на 23 вересня) за два місяці піднялися до 257 млн 352 тис. крб; іноземних банкнотів з 1 липня по 23 листопада (без даних за жовтень) побільшало з 13 млн 308 тис. до 44 млн 235 тис. крб. Відсоткових паперів, що належали Державному банкові, збільшилося з 24 млн 408 тис. до 1 млрд 037 млн 392 тис. крб, а поточний рахунок Державної скарбниці зріс від 470 млн 696 тис. до 719 млн 166 тис. карбованців.

Порівняння активів банку з його пасивами не заперечує твердження щодо функціонування банку як повномірної фінансово-кредитної установи. З 1 липня по 23 листопада 1918 року сума випуску кредитових білетів Державним банком збільшилася з 409 млн 519 тис. до 2 млрд 528 млн 038 тис. крб, термінових внесків було зроблено (на 23 листопада 1918 р.) на 14 млн 456 тис. крб, а безтермінових — на 8 млн 457 тис. крб (на 1 липня 1918 р. — 2 млн 862 тис. крб), поточні рахунки, наприклад, зросли: державних і громадських установ з 237 млн 562 тис. до 400 млн 276 тис. крб, приватних кредитових установ — з 208 млн 678 тис. до 354 млн 173 тис. крб, відсоткові (тобто рахунки приватних осіб) — 162 млн 069 тис. до 204 млн 099 тис. крб; зменшились — ощадних кас (з 15 млн 353 тис. до 2 млн 258 тис. крб).

Ось, скажімо, як змінювались поточні рахунки приватних кредитових установ по усіх відділах Державного банку з вересня 1918 р.:
 1 вересня — 203 млн 081 тис. крб;
 23 вересня — 249 млн 857 тис. крб;
 1 жовтня — 295 млн 851 тис. крб;
 1 листопада — 325 млн 944 тис. крб;
 23 листопада — 354 млн 173 тис. крб.

Джерела формування активів
Запасний капітал Банку становив 10 млн крб, для покриття якого повинно було відраховуватися щорічно 5 % з чистих прибутків Державного банку. Запасний капітал призначався виключно на покриття збитків Банку. У випадку, коли б він зменшився через відрахування з нього тих збитків, то його поповнювалося черговим відрахуванням 5 % з прибутків. Збитки, що не могли бути покриті запасним капіталом, мали покриватися за рахунок основного фонду, який, у свою чергу, поповнювався з коштів Державної скарбниці. Основний і запасний капітали, а також суми внесків від приватних осіб та установ, як і депозити Скарбниці, не могли використовуватися на загальні державні видатки. У прибуток скарбу зараховувався чистий прибуток Банку, крім відрахувань до основного й запасного капіталів. До скарбу не зараховувалися також щорічні відрахування з чистого прибутку розміром до 15 % для розподілу цієї суми, за розсудом міністра фінансів, між службовцями зверх належного їм утримання. У той же час, ці відрахування не повинні були перевищувати 20 % загальної суми утримання службовців. До скарбу не переводилися також відрахування з чистого прибутку, обсяг яких мав надаватися у пенсійну касу, що засновувалася при Державному банкові.

Кредитна діяльність банку
Державний банк планував активну співпрацю і з українською кооперацією. Вже на першому засіданні Ради Банку, яке відбулося 11 жовтня 1918 року, з-поміж її членів було обрано комісію, якій було доручено у терміновому порядку виробити основні постанови щодо кредитування Державним банком кооперативних кредитових установ. До складу комісії увійшли помічник міністра торгу та промисловості й відомий кооперативний діяч С.Бородаєвський (голова), виконувач обов'язків директора Державного банку В.Ігнатович, управитель державних ощадних кас К. Білинівський, а також представник до Ради Держбанку від землевласників Б.Григоренко.

Вже після трьох засідань комісією було вироблено основні постанови по кредитуванні Державним банком кооперації, які було затверджено його Радою з незначними поправками. Постанови ці зводилися до таких правил: «Державний Банк кредитує кооперацію через посередництво союзів і — лише як виїмок з тої засади — окремі кооперативи, як-що вони належать до ревізійного союза». Таке рішення було прийнято тому, що на той час виникла ситуація, коли, з одного боку, кредитова кооперація України складалася з великої кількості невеликих позичково-ощадних товариств, а з другого, коли майже вся вона була об'єднана в економічні союзи. Саме тому й Державному банкові було б обтяжливо обслуговувати окремо численні кооперативи, та й потреби у цьому практично не було. Продуктивніше як для Державного банку, так і для самого кооперативного руху було зосередити державну допомогу саме на кооперативних спілках (союзах). Що ж стосувалося тих кооперативів, які не були складовими економічних союзів, «то для заховання права користуватися кредитом в Державнім Банку вони повинні вступити до ревізійного союзу і тим звільнити Державний Банк від безпосереднього догляду за їхньою діяльністю. Ті товариства, що не захочуть належати ані до економічного, ані до ревізійного союза, або, противно, яких ті союзи не захочуть приняти, позбавлені будуть помочи Державного Банку». Крім того, Держбанк зобов'язався надавати кооперації короткотермінові (до 12 місяців) позики. При цьому зазначалося, що у комісії розглядалося питання і про довготермінові позики кооперативам і що було визнано про необхідність вироблення додаткових умов про надання таких кредитів з коштів Державної скарбниці та державних ощадних кас.

Стосовно короткотермінових позик кооперативам, то їхня відсоткова норма для союзів повинна була бути на 1/2% нижчою від норми для окремих товариств, але союзи, користуючись кредитом Державного банку, мали право збирати з членів, яких, у свою чергу, вони кредитували, від тих коштів не більше 1/2% на свою користь. Для забезпечення кредитів союзи видавали Державному банкові соло-векселі своїх членів з бланковим написом союзів. Кредит першого ступеня для союзів складався з двох частин, свого роду, «посередницького» і «особистого». Першу частину такого кредиту становила загальна сума векселедавчих позик, які Банк надавав всім товариствам, що належали до союзу, «особистий» кредит визначався виключно за кредитовими здібностями самого союзу, і розмір його (межею було 20 %% позик, що виділялося союзом своїм членам) залежав від тих операцій, які провадить союз одночасно із фінансуванням своїх членів. Видача союзам кредитів другої і вищого ступенів не обмежувалося граничними нормами і залежала лише від умов діяльності кожного союзу. Нагляд з боку Державного банку за використанням позик здійснювався спільно з інструкторами союзів засобом ревізій (у вигляді всебічного розслідування закономірностей і цілосностей операцій тої чи іншої інституції) союзів, а у виняткових випадках — окремих товариств. Як Державний банк, так і союз повинні були взаємно повідомляти один одного про планування перевірки кожного союзу, а неприбуття однієї із сторін не передбачало затримки ревізії. Ревізія обмежувалась лише констатацією фактів і не могла надавати адміністрації тих чи інших вказівок.

Кредитова кооперація в Україні 1918 року набула широкого розвитку. Достатньо сказати, що з 253 кооперативних спілок (союзів), що тоді існували, 43 були кредитовими, основний капітал яких становив 8 млн 500 тис. крб, а балансова сума — понад 185 млн 500 тис. карбованців.

Ювілеї та пам'ятні дати
У 2017 році на державному рівні в Україні відзначали ювілей – 100 років з дня утворення Головної скарбниці Української Народної Республіки (тепер – Державна казначейська служба України) та Українського державного банку (тепер – Національний банк України) (22 грудня 1917).

Див. також
 Держбанк СРСР
 Національний банк України

Примітки

Джерела
 Гай-Нижник П. Організація та структура Українського державного банку у 1918 році // Фінанси України. — 2007. — № 8.

Українська Народна Республіка
Українська Держава
Засновані в Україні 1917
Історичні банки України

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The tofu I learned from my grandma and the ragout was simply prepared with soy sauce, rice vinegar, mirin, and ginger and braised until tender.
I dont recall you mentioning your baby daugther, but she is very fortunate to have a chef dad who prepares such wonderful meals for her. I dont like tofu because of the texture, but I know it takes on the flavors of most anything it is paired with.
Tofu is also a great source of protein, iron, and calcium while being virtually free from any saturated or trans fats unless you add it yourself. I swear she eats better than we do. I make her stuff like that and I'm eating taquitos or pizza.
Tuna, Zucchini, and Potato sauteed and braised in a sweet and sour San Marzano tomato sauce.
i think tofu's great for her. you may want to offer diced baked squashes, omlettes, etc. and congrats to you, for being a Dad!
We're trying to introduce her to different but healthy flavors and foods. I try to cook her foods with as little oil and fats as possible with a focus on vegetables and protein.
If anyone else has pics or info of what they feed their kids please feel free to post them in here.


text:
This is part of our Campus Spotlight on the University of Glasgow/Nankai University Joint Graduate School.
This course is designed to appeal to students interested in the geopolitics and international relations of the Central European region. It will provide students with the opportunity to examine the key foreign policies, geopolitical developments and international political relations of Central Europe, with specific attention given to the Visegrád countries of Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. The course will review contemporary conceptualizations of Central Europe, examine regional political cooperation, European and transatlantic integration, new emerging security challenges and national foreign policy development.
Aims and Intended Learning Outcomes
The course aims to:
enable students to critically examine the place of these Central European states within regional, European and international geopolitical discourses;
emphasis the strategic priorities and attitudes of the Central European states towards (1) each other; (2) the EU and its member and prospective member states and regions including Germany, the Baltic States and the Western Balkans; (3) NATO and the USA; (4) states in the eastern neighbourhood region, including Russia and Eastern Partnership countries; and (5) international regions and states (e.g. China).
encourage the use of a comparative approach to understanding the driving forces behind national and regional positions on key geopolitical matters including European and regional integration, foreign policy development and new security challenges (e.g. energy, migration).
By the end of this course, students should be able to:
critically assess the impact of transition and European integration upon the geopolitical environment of post-Cold War Central Europe;
compare, contrast and evaluate levels of power and status among Central European states;
utilise theories/perspectives of international relations to help explain how power shapes individual, regional and international political relations of Central European states;
comprehensively appraise the role and influence of the EU, NATO and major world powers in Central Europe;
describe and critically evaluate the differing and shared strategic goals of Central European states and how these inform their foreign policy priorities;
identify and assess the new security challenges facing Central Europe and explain how they inform international relations across the region.
Teaching for this class will include through a mix of weekly, 2-hour seminar sessions and via tasks set within the course online learning environment, Moodle. Students are expected to participate in both classroom and online discussion. Seminars have a mixed format of tutor AND peer-led discussion, group-work and individual presentations. The seminars will enable students to engage both autonomously with their learning, but also provide space for shared learning via group based discussion and opportunities to work together in small groups.
The course conforms to relevant SCQF Level 11 (masters) expectations and learning will be:
Practice relevant;
Research informed;
Personally and professionally transformative;
Collaborative in nature;
Challenge assumptions and widens perspectives; and
Aspire to make a positive impact on your educational experience.
The course is taught by Dr Eamonn Butler, Senior Lecturer in Central and East European Studies at the University of Glasgow and a member of the Glasgow-Nankai Joint Graduate School Teaching Faculty.
Core Reading
There is no core text for this course. However, the following books will provide a useful background to some of the themes covered by this course.
Kanet, R.E. (ed.) (2005) The New Security Environment: The Impact on Russia, Central, and Eastern Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Kuus, M. (2007). Geopolitics Reframed: Security and identity in Europe's Eastern Enlargement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Sabic Z. and Drulak, P. (2012) Regional and International Relations of Central Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave
Students should be aware that the reading lists below are indicative of only a selection of the available literature and are designed to give you an idea of the range of material available. At Master's Level Students are encouraged to develop their own reading lists and identify relevant sources and literature. Students should also be aware that many of the texts listed for a particular seminar topic will also be of use for other topics.
To help provide some background and theory on foreign policy and geopolitics students are encouraged to look at some of the texts on this short list in advance of taking the class.
Bátora, J. (2012) 'Europeanisation of Foreign Policy: Whither Central Europe? in Sabic Z. and Drulak, P. (2012) Regional and International Relations of Central Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp.219-238.
Beasley, R., Kaarbo, J., Lantis, J.S. and Snarr, M.T. (2013) Foreign Policy in Comparative Perspective: Domestic and International Influences on State Behaviour. Sage: London. See chapters 1 and 15.
Fawn, R. (2003) 'Ideology and National Identity in Post-communist Foreign Policies', Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 19(3),pp.1-41.
Fedorov, Y. (2013) "Continuity and change in Russia's Policy towards Central and Eastern Europe", Communist and Postcommunist Studies, 46 (3), pp.315-326.
Hildreth, S.A. and Ek, C. (2008) Long Range Ballistic Missile Defence in Europe, CRS Report for Congress, Washington DC.
Gora, M. (2011) 'The Changing Nature of Foreign Policy and International Relations in Central and Eastern Europe', in Gora, M. and Zielinska, K. (2013) Democracy, State and Society. European Integration in Central and Eastern Europe. Krakow: Jagiellonian University
Handl, V. and Paterson, W.E. (2013) "The continuing relevance of Germany's engine for CEE and the EU", Communist and Postcommunist Studies, 46 (3)pp.327-337.
Kurowaka, X. and Nemeth, B. (2013) 'The Central European Playground: Who Plays What? 'European Geostrategy, available at: http://europeangeostrategy.ideasoneurope.eu/files/2013/05/Long-Post-6.pdf
Marton, P. (2012) 'The Sources of Visegrád Conduct: A Comparative Analysis of V4 Foreign Policy-making', The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs, Issue 4/2012.
Mikulova, K. (2013) 'Central Europe's Velvet Power: Can It Reinvigorate EU Foreign Policy?' World Affairs Journal, available at: http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/central-europe%E2%80%99s-velvet-power-can-it-reinvigorate-eu-foreign-policy
Mintz, A. and DeRouen K. Jr. (2010) Understanding Foreign Policy Decision Making. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Ondrejcsák, R. (2006) 'Security policies of the Slovak Republic and Hungary – the 'Limited Differtiation in Central Europe', International Issues and Slovak Foreign Policy Affairs 15(3-4), pp.76-90.
Palmer, G. and Morgan T.C. (2006) A Theory of Foreign Policy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Chapter 1 Introduction.
Trapons, J.A. (1997). "National Security Concepts in Central and Eastern Europe", NATO Review, 6(45), pp.27-30.
Tulmets, E. (2014) East Central European foreign policy identity in perspective: back to Europe and the EU's neighbourhood. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. [Read all of Part 2 E-book GUL
Wyllie, J.H. (1997) European security in the new political environment: an analysis of the relationships between national interests, international institutions and the great powers in post-Cold War European security arrangements. Harlow: Longman
Journals which students on this course should find useful include:
Central European Journal of International and Security Studies
Europe-Asia Studies
European Security
Journal of Baltic Studies
JCMS / Journal of Common Market Studies
Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics
JCER / Journal of Contemporary European Research
Journal of Democracy
NATO Review
Post Communist Economies
Problems of Post-Communism
Review of International Studies
Security Journal
Students are also encouraged to make use of the Central and East European Online Library (CEEOL) database, which gives access to full text articles from over 500 journals from across the CEE region. Many of these journals are published in the English language and will be referred to throughout the course. Access to the CEEOL database is at: https://www.ceeol.com/
Region specific journals and Magazines include:
Visegrad Insight – Focus on Central Europe
Central European Journal of Public Policy
Contemporary European Studies
Perspectives: Review of International Affairs
Transitions Online
CEU Political Science Journal
European Integration Studies
The Analyst – Central and Eastern European Review
The Hungarian Quarterly
Foreign Policy Review
PISM Strategic Files
The Polish Foreign Affairs Digest
The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs
Yearbook of Polish Foreign Policy
International Issues & Slovak Foreign Policy Affairs
Slovak Foreign Policy affairs
Yearbook of Slovakia's Foreign Policy
Please note that suggested readings under each seminar topic are limited for purposes of this syllabus overview. Students taking this course will have access to a more comprehensive reading list.
Introduction to Course
Conceptualising Central Europe and its relevancy to regional, European and international geopolitics
This seminar will provide a brief overview of the course. This seminar is designed as an introduction which will present students with a brief history of the Central European region and its engagement with the wider Europe (including Russia/Soviet Union). It will set the scene for the course and explain why it is relevant to understand this region in the context of regional, European and international geopolitics.
Batt, J. (2013) "Introduction: Defining Central and Eastern Europe" in S. White, J. Batt & P.G. Lewis, Developments in Central and East European Politics 5. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Drulak, P. (2017) "The West, the Centre and the East: assessing the strategic options of Central Europe", Global Affairs, Vol 3 (1), pp.5-15.
Kiss, L.J. (2010) "Central Europe: 'Imagined Spaces' and Challenges of the 21st Century", Foreign Policy Review, pp.76-98.
Zielinski, B. and Kulec, M. (2017) "Central Europe at the Crossroads: Controversies of geopolitics and Culture", UDK 327(4-191.2)
Regional Political Cooperation and European Integration
Visegrád and regional political cooperation
This seminar will examine the Visegrád group from its inception through to present formation. It will introduce students to the various functions and roles of the organisation and look at some of the recent critical literature on the group. Students will be asked to quantify the importance of the group for the Central European region and what it means for sub-regional partnerships within the European Union.
Dangerfield, M. (2008) 'The Visegrád Group in the Expanded European Union: From Preaccession to Postaccession Co-operation', East European Politics and Societies, 22, 3.
Dangerfield M. (2014) 'V4: A new brand for Europe? Ten years of post-accession regional cooperation in Central Europe', Poznan University of Economics Review, 14 (4), pp.71-90.
Fawn, R. (2013) 'Visegrad: Fit for Purpose?', Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 46 (3). Pp.339-349.
Toro, C., Butler, E., and Gruber, K. (2014) 'Visegrád: the evolving pattern of co-ordination and partnership after EU enlargement.'Europe Asia Studies, 66 (3). pp. 353-358.
European Union / Eastern partnership
This seminar will examine the relationship between the Central European States and the EU. It will cover the security rationales for EU enlargement and look at key policy areas where the EU impacts upon foreign policy concerns of the Central European States, specifically Eastern Partnership. It will also explore the EU presidencies held by CEE states and introduce some of the challenging aspects of political relations between the CEE states and the EU to emerge in recent years.
Ágh, A. (2014) 'Ten Years of the EU Membership in the New Member States: Decline in democracy, good governance and competitiveness', ECPR Joint Sessions 2014.
Baun, M. & Marek, D. (eds) (2013) The New Member States and the European Union: Foreign Policy and Europeanization(Basingstoke, Routledge)
Copsey, N. (2013) 'The EU and Central and East European Politics', in S. White, J. Batt & P. G. Lewis (eds) Developments in Central and East European Politics 5. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave, Ch. 5.
Copsey, N. and Pomorska, K (2013) 'The Influence of Newer Member States in the European Union: The Case of Poland and the Eastern Partnership', Europe-Asia Studies, 66(3)
Dangerfield, M. (2009) 'The Contribution of the Visegrád Group to the EU's Eastern Policy: Rhetoric or Reality', Europe-Asia Studies, 61, 10.
NATO / Hybrid Warfare
This seminar will examine how Central Europe dealt with its need for military security following the disbandment of the Warsaw Pact and the move to obtain NATO membership. Students are encouraged to examine this issue from the perspective of the various Central European countries and Russia and consider how the continued enlargement of NATO to Eastern Europe has impacted relations between CEE states and Russia / Western Europe in recent years.
Croft, S. Redmond, J., Wyn Rees, G., Webber, M. (1999b). The Enlargement of Europe. Manchester: Manchester University Press. [chapter on NATO]
Lanoszka, A. (2016) 'Russian hybrid warfare and extended deterrence in eastern Europe', International Affairs, Volume 92, Issue 1, 1 January 2016, Pages 175–195
Marton, P. and Eichler, J. (2013) "Between willing and reluctant entrapment: CEE countries in NATO's non-European missions", Communist and Postcommunist Studies, 46 (3). Pp.351-362
Schimmelfennig, F (1998) 'NATO Enlargement: A Constructivist Explanation': Security Studies. Vol 8 (2-3)
Wade, J. (2004) The Enlargement of the European Union and NATO: Ordering from the Menu in Central Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
National Foreign Policies and Security Strategies in Geopolitical Context
This seminar will examine Polish Foreign and Security Policies and how they have developed throughout the post-communist era.
The White Book on National Security of the Republic of Poland (2013) – available in Moodle. Please note you will not read all of this but you should look at it and become familiar with its objectives.
Longhurst, K. (2013) "Where from, Where to? New and old configurations in Poland's Foreign and Security Policy Priorities", Communist and Postcommunist Studies, 46 (3), pp.363-372
Bieńczyk-Missala, A. (2016) "Poland's Foreign and Security Policy: Main Directions", Revista UNISCI / UNISCI Journal, No 40 (January 2016).
This seminar will examine Hungarian Foreign Policy and how it has developed throughout the post-communist era.
Hungarian MFA (2011) Hungary's Foreign Policy After the Hungarian Presidency of the Council of the European Union. Budapest: MFA
Jóźwiak, V. (2017) 'Hungary's Foreign Policy in a Changing International Environment', PISM Bulletin, No 31. (971) March.
Tatrai, P., Eross, A. and Kovaly, K. (2017) "Kin-state politics stirred by a geopolitical conflict: Hungary's growing activity in post-Euromaidan Transcarpathia. Ukraine", Hungarian Geographical Bulletin, Vol 66(3). Pp.203-218.
Terenyi, J. (2010). "Hungary's Foreign Policy Perspective of Central Europe", Foreign Policy Review, pp. 3-16.
Varga, G. (2009). "Central European Security Identity and Transatlanticism – A Hungarian Perspective", International Issues and Slovak Foreign Policy Affairs, 4, pp.44-56
Czech Republic/Slovakia
This seminar will examine Czech and Slovak Foreign and Security policies and how they have developed throughout the post-communist era.
Brezani, P. (2017) Yearbook of Slovakia's Foreign Policy 2016. Research Center of the Slovak Foreign Policy Association: Bratislava.
Czech Government (2015) "Concept of the Czech Republic's Foreign Policy", Ministry Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic.
Lajčák, M. (2012) 'Twenty Years of Slovak Foreign Policy', International Issues and Slovak Foreign Policy Affairs, Issue 3-4/2012
Slovak Government (2017) "Foreign Policy Website" available at: https://www.mzv.sk/web/en/foreign_policy
Weiss, T. (2011) 'Projecting the Re-discovered: Czech Policy Towards Eastern Europe', Review of International Affairs, Issue 2/2011, pp.27-44.
Specialist Case Studies – Geopolitical Challenges
Migration and the EU
This seminar will debate the refugee and asylum crisis that emerged in Europe from 2015, as well as the responses of the CEE states and the EU. Specific attention will be given to recent policy developments and the reactions of the EU to resistance by the CEE states to accept refugees on a solidarity basis.
Gallai, S., Horváth, D. and Horváth-Sántha, h. (2017) Migration as a Political and Public Phenomenon: The Case of Hungary. Chapter 2.
Ignatieff, M. (2017) 'The Refugee as Invasive Other', Social Research: An International Quarterly, Volume 84, Number 1, Spring 2017, pp. 223-231
Ivanova, D. (2016) 'Migrant Crisis and the Visegrad Group's Policy', International Conference Knowledge-based Organization, Vol 22 (1), pp. 35-39.
Pap, N. and Remenyi, P. (2017) 'Re-bordering of the Hungarian South: Geopolitics of the Hungarian border fence', Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 66 (3), pp.235-250.
Witold, K. (2017) 'Security First—New Right-Wing Government in Poland and Its Policy Towards Immigrants and Refugees', Surveillance & Society 15(3/4): 523-528.
Zaun, N. (2017) 'States as Gatekeepers in EU Asylum Politics: Explaining the Non-adoption of a Refugee Quota System', JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 56(1), pp.44-62.
Energy and Russia
This seminar will look at how the Central European states address matters relating to energy security. This will include relations with third parties such as Russia which remains the region's larger supplier of energy. It will also look at aspects of merger and acquisition in the Central European energy market and why this creates a possible security dilemma for the region.
Butler, E. (2013) 'Strengthening the EU's Energy Remit: Hungary, Poland and the Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2011', International Journal of Energy Security and Environmental Research, 1, 1.
Butler, E. (2018) 'Hungary'. In: Ostrowski, W. and Butler, E. (eds) Understanding Energy Security in Central and Eastern Europe: Russia, Transition and National Interest. (London, Routledge).
Butler, E. and Ostrowski, W. (2018) 'Rethinking Energy Policy in Central and Eastern Europe', EUCERS Reflections, volume 4, Spring 2018.
Dannreuther, R. (2018) 'Energy Security in Central and Eastern Europe – an IR Theoretical Dimension'. In: Ostrowski, W. and Butler, E. (eds) Understanding Energy Security in Central and Eastern Europe: Russia, Transition and National Interest. (London, Routledge).
Fawn, R. (2018) 'Czech Republic'. In: Ostrowski, W. and Butler, E. (eds) Understanding Energy Security in Central and Eastern Europe: Russia, Transition and National Interest. (London, Routledge).
Ostrowski, W. (2018) 'Poland'. In: Ostrowski, W. and Butler, E. (eds) Understanding Energy Security in Central and Eastern Europe: Russia, Transition and National Interest. (London, Routledge).
Petrovič, J. (2009) 'Energy Security in the Slovak Republic', Yearbook of Slovakia's Foreign Policy, Issue 1/2009.
Rossiaud, S. and Locatelli, C, (2018) 'Russian Energy Companies and the Central and Eastern European Energy Sector'. In: Ostrowski, W. and Butler, E. (eds) Understanding Energy Security in Central and Eastern Europe: Russia, Transition and National Interest. (London, Routledge).
Seminar 10
China – regional and international relations
This seminar will look at how the Central European states understand China and how relations between the region and China have evolved in recent years. Specific attention will be given to the place of the CEE region in the Belt and Road initiative and the emergence of the 16+1 group of countries.
Castro, T., Vickova, J. and Hnat, P. (2017) 'Trade and investment relations between the Czech Republic and China: the Czech Republic as a gateway to the EU?', Society and Economy in Central and Eastern Europe, 39(4). Pp.481-499.
Dudas, T. (2017) 'Foreign Direct Investments as a Tool of the Expansion of Chinese Corporations in V4 Countries', in Innovation Management, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, Proceedings of an International Conference.
Fürst, R. and Tesař, F. (eds) (2013) China's Comeback in Former Eastern Europe: No Longer Comrades, Not Yet Strategic Partners (Prague: Institute of International Relations).
Jóźwiak, V. (2017) 'China's Role in Hungarian Foreign Policy', PISM Bulletin, No. 71 (1011) 21 July 2017.
Kowalski, B. (2017) 'China's foreign policy towards Central and Eastern Europe: The "16+1" format in the South-South cooperation perspective. Cases of the Czech Republic and Hungary', Cambridge Journal of Eurasian Studies, 1, 2017, #7R65ZH
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Photo:Photo of a map of Hungary and the capital Budapest | Shutterstock
Controversies and Contradictions about Chinese Investments in Europe


Knowing What (NOT) to Say….
Help–I don't know what to say to a person who just lost someone they love and care about to death.
Saying the right words to someone who has experienced the death of a loved one is some thing many of us worry about. Grief has a way of making us feel unsure about what to say, how to behave, and what to do. When the person we are trying to comfort with our words is a child or teenager, well, it can be even more complicated.
Many of the children and adolescents I am lucky enough to get to know in my role as Mental Health Counselor have taught me how they would like adults to be with them in times of loss. I'm going to share with you in this column some of what I have learned.
The most important lesson I have learned from my child and adolescent teachers/clients is that there really is NOTHING you can say that will make the loss less painful. What they need is for you to be, not necessarily to say or do, just be. What kids need is for the adults in their lives to be there for them. Different kids need different ways of being. How we adults need to be for them is somewhat dependent on their age, on the nature of the death, on their relationship to the deceased, on the family's spiritual and cultural beliefs. There is one way of being that will be helpful and comforting to all children and teens—be consistent. Death losses cause havoc in children's lives. What is most comforting is consistency and stability, like a favorite meal or cheering them on while they participate in sports- the things you have always done.
When you tell a child they have to be strong the child understands this as they do not have permission to grieve or they have to grieve in private. Many kids I have worked with said they believed they had to be strong so they did not let others know when they were hurting or even missing the deceased loved one.
You could say You feel like you might need to be strong, but even strong people need support. I want you to know you can turn to me if you need or want to.
You could say One thing I remember about your Dad was how he loved when you played soccer. He would brag about you at work. I just wanted to share that memory with you in case you did not know that about your Dad.
Really? Anyone who has ever lost a loved one to death knows that you never truly get over it. You will always miss the person who has passed.
You could say Some days will be easier then others. I hope you don't have a lot of really hard days.
Someone actually told me this when my 22 year old boyfriend died. I was surprised to have clients tell me stories of being told similar things when the loss is not a relative. There is never a replacement for someone you love. There are new loves, but a person can never be replaced.
You could say I bet right now you are feeling alone. You will always be able to hold your cat Turnip in your heart.
It's not what you say or do, it is how you are.


text:
Q: git command to show the merge sources for %A and %B What I want to know are the commits from which %A and %B are drawn.
I am writing a merge driver that can apply domain knowledge and clean up 99% of merge conflicts in a certain set of files for which the default merge driver cannot. But conflicts can still happen and should be labelled appropriately.
Any reasonable display form is possible. I can parse output with regex if need be.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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