text:
Liszt, Scriabin, Rachmaninov: Piano Music (Historical Live Recording)
Artist(s): Lazar Berman
Composer(s): Alexander Scriabin, Franz Liszt, Sergej Rachmaninoff
EAN Code: 7.46160910680
Edition: Da Vinci Classics, Da Vinci Classics Historical
Editor: Edmondo Filippini, Luca Chierici
Genre: Chamber
Period: Romantic
Liszt, Scriabin, Rachmaninov: Piano Music (Historical Live Recording) quantity
SKU: C00236 Category: Da Vinci Classics
Alexander Scriabin, Franz Liszt, Sergej Rachmaninoff
Da Vinci Classics, Da Vinci Classics Historical
Edmondo Filippini, Luca Chierici
The Russian piano school of the twentieth century was admittedly one of the most dazzling, impressive and admired of the era. Thanks to an august lineage (or rather lineages) of great soloists and pedagogues, to a rich tradition and – to a certain extent – even to the forced confinement in the former USSR of many of its members, it developed with recognizable traits of its own, though by no means in a uniform or homogeneous fashion; the playing style of the Russian pianists possessed a certain number of characteristic features, such as virtuosity, brilliance, expressiveness and warmth, which both fascinated and intrigued the Western audiences.
Emil Gilels, one of the greatest protagonists of that tradition, used to maintain that there was a pianist greater than him, still waiting to be discovered by the Westerners: he alluded to Sviatoslav Richter, who achieved international fame only relatively late in his life. Years later, Gilels added that there was a third pianist, who was, in his opinion, the greatest of the three: this time, he was referring to young Lazar Berman. Though this kind of comparisons among giants of the keyboard cannot result in a clear-cut ranking (and Gilels was by no means the lesser of the three), it is however very significant that such an immense musician as Gilels had such a high opinion of a younger performer, whom he defined as a "phenomenon of the musical world".
Lazar Naumović Berman, of Jewish descent, was born in 1930 in St Petersburg (Leningrad at that time); his mother was his first piano teacher, when the child was barely two years old. As Berman later recalled, "My first impressions in life are related to the piano keyboard. I think I never parted with it… I probably learned to make sounds on the piano before speaking". At three, Lazar won his first competition, impressing the jury members as "an exceptional case of an extraordinary manifestation of musical and pianistic abilities in a child", and, in a few years, he could perform works by Mozart and compose his own short pieces. Having won still other competitions, Berman attracted the attention of a famous pedagogue of the Leningrad Conservatory, Professor Samarij Ilić Savšinskij, who took him under his wings; however, in 1939, the Bermans moved to Moscow, where Lazar entered the class of another legendary teacher, the famous Aleksandr' Goldenwejser. Success followed success, for this child-prodigy of the keyboard, with solo performances with orchestra in his early teens.
Those years, however, were marked by the hardships of war; Berman, along with other students and teachers, had to seek refuge outside Moscow, and was supported – also economically – by his teacher. Goldenwejser was a true mentor for his pupil, who later affirmed: "I learned from [him] to really work on a piece's text"; Goldenwejser believed that notation was only an imperfect way to preserve and transmit the composer's intentions, and that the performer's task was to reconstruct and represent them to the best of his or her capability. Goldenwejser repeatedly stressed the importance of carving the musical phrases and to build up the climaxes; he was also particularly fascinated by the works of Russian composers such as Scriabin, Medtner and Rachmaninov, whom he had met in his youth.
The teacher's enthusiasm prompted a similar response from his student; Berman spent countless hours practising, so that he later pondered: "You know, I sometimes wonder if I did have a childhood…". The main focus of this endless training was the achievement of a spotless and masterful technique; Berman was equal to the task, as demonstrated by his graduation at Conservatory at the age of thirteen. As a young pianist, Berman participated in several international competitions, obtaining high rankings (though failing to win the first prize); at the Queen Elizabeth Competition of Brussels, this was the result of a wrong strategy, as Berman replaced one of the items of his programme at the very last minute, thus undermining his chances to be awarded the first prize.
After these European debuts, Berman was invited to perform abroad, and recorded several important piano works for the BBC (including Liszt's Piano Sonata and Beethoven's Appassionata). The launch of his international career, however, came to an abrupt halt due to the intertwining of personal and political reasons: having married a French woman, Berman was prevented from travelling abroad by the Soviet authorities. Thus, from 1959 to 1971, Berman's career was confined to the huge, though slightly claustrophobic, boundaries of the Soviet Republics; his activity of those years is documented by a series of recordings for Melodija, the State-owned company, which published, among others, his brilliant interpretations of Liszt's Transcendental Etudes.
Having divorced his first wife, Berman was once more authorized to undertake concert tours abroad; in the Seventies, his popularity and fame were at their highest, and the audiences in Europe and the US enthused over Berman's amazing pianism. His New York debut with Liszt's Transcendental Etudes made a sensation, and the pianist seemed to have finally established himself in the Gotha of the greatest world performers. However, just a few years later, Berman was found in possession of a forbidden American book by the Soviet police; this earned him ten more years of forced confinement in the URSS, until, after its 1989 breakdown, Berman left his homeland for Norway, and later for Italy. He was granted Italian citizenship, through an Act of the President of the Italian Republic, in 1994.
The programme recorded in this Da Vinci Classics CD, therefore, is an extremely valuable witness of Berman's pianism at his best, and it includes works representing his life and personality in a formidable fashion. As we have previously seen, in fact, Emil Gilels was one of the first to acknowledge and promote Berman's talent. Being is junior by roughly fifteen years (Gilels was born in 1916), Berman could see Gilels both as a model and as a colleague; it is therefore particularly touching to find, in this compilation, a performance dedicated by Berman to the memory of his elder friend. Rachmaninov's Moment Musical op. 16 no. 3, recorded in 1985, is a particularly apt choice, with its somber colours, its desolate anguish, its elegiac complaint and its expressive tone.
Other pieces, in this programme, bear witness to Berman's extremely virtuoso pianism and to his total mastery of the technical aspects of piano performance. This is the case, among others, of Liszt's Mephisto Waltz I and of the Hungarian Rhapsody no. 9, as well as of Liszt's extremely complex piano transcription from Schubert's masterpiece of a Lied, Erlkönig. Mephisto Waltz is in fact one of the touchstones of technical prowess, as well as an unforgettable depiction of the diabolic character from Goethe's Faust. The demonic protagonist is portrayed as playing the violin in a Paganinesque fashion, and manages to seduce and enthrall his listeners through the power of his music and the wonderous skill he displays. Similarly, the elven king of yet another of Goethe's unforgettable creations, the ballad Erlkönig, is an equally (if not even more) evil figure; by charming an ailing child with his enchanting speech the elven king frightens the boy to death, under the despairing eyes of the child's father. If Schubert's original Lied was a tour de force for both the singer (who has to represent the three characters of the ballad) and the pianist, who imitates the horse's hooves through a mesmerizing (and exceedingly fatiguing) sequence of octaves, the piano version of Liszt is almost a sum of transcendental difficulties.
The Hungarian Rhapsody is no child's play either: the piece, known as The Carnival of Pest, is a buoyant depiction of a festive ball, where elegance, refinement and seduction gradually make place for a crescendo of emotions, virtuosity, power and brilliance, up to the thrilling and exhilarating conclusion. The other Schubert transcriptions by Liszt are, instead, less virtuosic, and thus they allow us to experiment some other qualities of Berman's pianism: the troubled thoughts of Gretchen, once more a Goethean figure, who sings to an accompaniment evoking the rotations of the spinning wheel, and the expressive melody of the Ave Maria, are among the best-known examples of Schubert's poetry and of Liszt's skill in the art of transcription. Similarly, the Italian scenes from Liszt's Années de pélérinage may be less blinding than the Hungarian Carnival, but yet they maintain a freshness of inspiration which never fails to conquer the listeners.
Finally, Berman's interpretation of Scriabin's Fantasie op. 28 is not only a splendid monument to the pianist's narrative power and to his ability – learnt at Goldenwejser's school – to build wave upon wave of sound and tension; it is also a living testimony to a tradition which dated back to Scriabin himself, who had been among Goldenwejser's acquaintances. This magnificent piece, resembling a Sonata Allegro, allows the performer to display both technique and musicianship, with its almost orchestral timbres and its passionate tone.
Thus, by listening to this CD, we may have a glimpse of Berman's art and of his skill, of his poetic world and of his mastery of the instrument, of his virtuosity and of his refined touch; this recording, therefore, is almost a living memory of one of the greatest pianists of the twentieth century.
Album Notes by Chiara Bertoglio
Lazar Berman: The Russian pianist, Lazar Naumovich Berman [Russian: Лазарь Наумович Берман, Lasari Naumovič Berman] was born to Jewish parents in Leningrad. His mother, Anna Makhover, had played the piano herself until ear problems stopped her. She introduced the boy to the piano, and he entered his first competition at the age of 3, and recorded a W.A. Mozart fantasia and a mazurka that he had composed himself at the age of 7, before he could even read music. Emil Gilels described him as a "phenomenon of the musical world". When Lazar was 9, the family moved to Moscow so that he could study with Alexander Goldenweiser at the Conservatoire, as well as with Sviatoslav Richter, Vladimir Sofronitsky and Maria Yudina. The next year he made his formal debut playing W.A. Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 25 with the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra. In 1941, students, pupils and parents were evacuated to Kuibichev, a village on the Volga, because of World War II. Living conditions were so poor that his mother had to cut the fingers from a pair of gloves to allow him to continue to practise without freezing his hands.
Lazar Berman subsequently began to acquire a small international visibility. At the age of 12 he played Franz Liszt's La Campanella to a British audience over the radio; in 1956 he won a prize at the Queen Elizabeth Music Competition in Belgium, with Vladimir Ashkenazy; and in 1958, he performed in London and recorded for Saga records.
Although Lazar Berman was known to international music aficionados who had heard the occasional recording on the Russian Melodiya record label, as well as those who visited the Soviet Union, he was not generally well known outside Russia before his 1975 American tour, organised by the impresario Jacques Leiser. His New York debut at the 92 Street Y, where he played F. Liszt's Transcendental Etudes, was a lightning bolt of a sensation. Before that, he had been generally restricted to the Soviet concert circuit, playing on old and decrepit pianos to audiences of varied degrees of interest. Invitations to tour outside the Soviet Union were ignored by the Soviet state concert agency, Gosconcert. He lived in a tiny two room apartment in Moscow, with a grand piano occupying an entire room. But after his 1975 tour, he was immediately in great demand, with Deutsche Grammophon, EMI, and CBS vying to record him. He recorded the Tchaikovsky First Piano Concerto with Herbert von Karajan, as well as broadcasting it on international television with Antal Doráti, to mark United Nations Day in 1976. Most of his British appearances came in the late 1970's and early 1980's. In December 1976, he performed music by Sergei Prokofiev and Franz Liszt at the Royal Festival Hall, in 1978 he played F. Liszt's A major concerto with Klaus Tennstedt and the London Symphony Orchestra, and in 1984 he played Tchaikovsky's B-flat minor concerto with Sir John Pritchard at the Proms.
The Soviet authorities even then intermittently restricted Lazar Berman's international travels; in 1980 his scheduled appearance at the Llandaff Festival had to be cancelled. It was at that time when after a trip to the West, American literature banned in the Soviet Union was found in his luggage by the KGB watchdogs. As the result, his name was black-listed, and his career was black-flagged by the Soviet authorities. His being Jewish only aggravated the issue (In the Soviet Union, Jews were considered potential dissidents and subjects to flee the country.) The frequency of this interference declined, however, as the Soviet Union entered the last phase of its existence, and he finally left Russia for Italy in 1990, settling in Florence in 1995.
Lazar Berman's playing showed great technical brilliance, showmanship, emotional and physical force. He had the endurance to play three concertos or sonatas in one night, and was considered a brilliant interpreter of Franz Liszt, winning the 1977 Franz Liszt Prize in Hungary for his interpretation of the Transcendental Studies. He once described the driving forces of his style as being lyricism, clarity and virtuosity. He refused to play Frédéric Chopin, explaining "Of course I used to play him, but many years ago I entered for a Chopin competition in Warsaw and I did not qualify. It was a tremendous blow to my pride, and I vowed that I would never play him again." His playing of F. Chopin, however, is well documented, in both a concert film and a DGG recording of the polonaises from the 1970's.
He was survived by his wife Valentina, also a pianist, whom he married in 1961, and their only son, the talented violinist and conductor Pavel Berman. Recently, his memoires were published in German and in Russian. They are titled "The Years of Peregrination. A Musician's Reverie".
Alexander Scriabin: (b Moscow, 25 Dec 1871/6 Jan 1872; d Moscow, 14/27 April 1915). Russian composer and pianist. One of the most extraordinary figures musical culture has ever witnessed, Skryabin has remained for a century a figure of cultish idolatry, reactionary yet modernist disapproval, analytical fascination and, finally, aesthetic re-evaluation and renewal. The transformation of his musical language from one that was affirmatively Romantic to one that was highly singular in its thematism and gesture and had transcended usual tonality – but was not atonal – could perhaps have occurred only in Russia where Western harmonic mores, although respected in most circles, were less fully entrenched than in Europe. While his major orchestral works have fallen out of and subsequently into vogue, his piano compositions inspired the greatest of Russian pianists to give their most noteworthy performances. Skryabin himself was an exceptionally gifted pianist, but as an adult he performed only his own works in public. The cycle of ten sonatas is arguably of the most consistent high quality since that of Beethoven and acquired growing numbers of champions throughout the 20th century.
Franz Liszt: (b Raiding, (Doborján), 22 Oct 1811; d Bayreuth, 31 July 1886). Hungarian composer, pianist and teacher. He was one of the leaders of the Romantic movement in music. In his compositions he developed new methods, both imaginative and technical, which left their mark upon his forward-looking contemporaries and anticipated some 20th-century ideas and procedures; he also evolved the method of 'transformation of themes' as part of his revolution in form, made radical experiments in harmony and invented the symphonic poem for orchestra. As the greatest piano virtuoso of his time, he used his sensational technique and captivating concert personality not only for personal effect but to spread, through his transcriptions, knowledge of other composers' music. As a conductor and teacher, especially at Weimar, he made himself the most influential figure of the New German School dedicated to progress in music. His unremitting championship of Wagner and Berlioz helped these composers achieve a wider European fame. Equally important was his unrivalled commitment to preserving and promoting the best of the past, including Bach, Handel, Schubert, Weber and above all Beethoven; his performances of such works as Beethoven's Ninth Symphony and Hammerklavier Sonata created new audiences for music hitherto regarded as incomprehensible. The seeming contradictions in his personal life – a strong religious impulse mingled with a love of worldly sensation – were resolved by him with difficulty. Yet the vast amount of new biographical information makes the unthinking view of him as 'half gypsy, half priest' impossible to sustain. He contained in his character more of the ideals and aspirations of the 19th century than any other major musician.
Profile from The New Grove dictionary of Music and Musicians
Sergey Rachmaninov: (b Oneg, 20 March/1 April 1873; d Beverly Hills, CA, 28 March 1943). Russian composer, pianist and conductor. He was one of the finest pianists of his day and, as a composer, the last great representative of Russian late Romanticism. The influences of Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov and other Russian composers soon gave way to a thoroughly personal idiom, with a pronounced lyrical quality, expressive breadth, structural ingenuity and a palette of rich, distinctive orchestral colours.


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Telefonica wanted to introduce a new employee recognition scheme for its work force, to complement the launch of the new corporate strategy. Telefonica's values and culture focuses on the belief that the possibilities of technology should be open to everyone.
We worked with Telefonica to create a recognition scheme that echoed these values, as well as encouraging peer-to-peer communication and recognition across the business – anytime, anywhere.
We scoped, developed, built and delivered a user-centric web app for smartphones, tablets and PCs that could be used everywhere. It allowed employees to upload pictures and videos, and to comment, share, like and see each other's profiles.
The peer-to-peer reward and recognition web app worked with the company's internal social network (Yammer), so users didn't have to log in because they were already online. It also saved time and money in development because no new platform or logins had to be made.
The new employee recognition programme was launched in conjunction with O2's fresh corporate strategy, which focuses on the values of discover, disrupt and deliver.
Immediate high adoption with over 4,000 users in the UK alone and has been used year on year. The tool was then extended to encourage nominations for the company's annual awards.
What Avvio Reply delivered was a technology-led-project enhanced with a keen brand experience eye. The whole process was a collaborative one and the end result is a fantastic internal tool that we may roll out across the entire organisation.


I'm speaking this morning at the annual meeting of Nurse Practitioners in Nashville. (5,400 of them!) I'll have more to say after the event, but for now, check out this infographic. It's one of the best information-packed posters I've ever seen … which is an indication of the professionalism and competence of the organization.
Nurse practitioners manage acute and chronic medical conditions (both physical and mental) through comprehensive history taking, physical exam, and the ordering of diagnostic tests and medical treatments. NPs (within their scope of practice) are qualified to diagnose medical problems, order treatments, prescribe medications, and make referrals for a wide range of acute and chronic medical conditions.
Everyone these days talks about the shortage of primary care providers – ironic, because people with better access to primary care have better outcomes (duh). And nurse practitioners do exactly that, in many different settings. In an increasing number of states, they're finally being authorized to practice independently.
Are there tips for care providers to effectively use social media without being "overwhelmed" with HIPAA-sensitive, individualized questions from their patients?
As I said in the session, your questions are welcome!
Just found your blog Dave – very nice and bookmarked!
I'm proud of St Senator Hernandez of CA and his attempt to allows NPs to practice more independently – which lost in Sacramento this year unfortunately. But – we will be back next year!
Thanks for taking the time to come to ##AANP14. It was a pleasure to meet you and hear your thoughts. And thanks to Deb Kiley for having the foresight to invite you to speak!
It was great to meet you, Barbara. Your work is inspiring!
I got a request from AANP from an attendee for some links to sites I'd mentioned. I posted them today.


I knew the neogeo pocket would make a comeback.
PSP and NGP to co-exist in large part because of the cost of NGP. $400 release price confirmed.
Gamestop started taking preorders for $300. Not so sure we can confirm a price as of yet. Hell, we don't even know the things proper name.
I'll raise you a Destructoid article that says features were cut from NGP to keep it affordable.
"I can't talk about a definitive price at this stage. But since the very beginning we had a target in mind. So, when considering various features, we always had our price range in mind," said SCE Worldwide Studios boss Shuhei Yoshida. "There were elements that we found pretty cool, but had to set aside to remain on target. It's a big lesson we learnt from the PS3. There's no point putting everything you want into a device and doing the math later. We always had the price and consumer in mind. We had to sell something that people could buy."
We had to sell something that people could buy."
This is really funny. Yoshida's quote from the article I linked.
"It can't replace a platform that has already been on sale for seven years now. In terms of pricing, we can't sell the NGP for the same price as a PSP. The PSP has become very affordable and popular, especially with younger generations.
"I think the NGP needs time to mature and get adopted by users," he added. "So, for the time being, both platforms will coexist."
So glad I bailed on my 3DS pre-order and dived headlong into the PSP.
"Hey, guess what. We're bringing out a new system BUT new games will come out for our old one for a while."
So, the same thing that's been happening since 1990? Way to keep me on the pulse, guys.
The blog writers need to maintain their daily post quotas.
I'm about to give Sony up, for they have let me down.
Didn't click the link, did you?
The price and release info is likely to come at E3. Based on those screens, I'm ashamed to admit that I'm willing to pay more than I should for it.
Is that last one "Home" on the NGP? I'm willing to pay quite a bit for it too. I love handheld gaming, though.
The GAF thread is already 15 pages of speculation. From the other screens, it looks like a stand-alone billiards game. I could be wrong, of course.
And now the hands-on stuff is coming out, starting with Uncharted: Golden Abyss from GiantBomb.
Vita is a ridiculous name. PSP2 would have been better.
Uncharted looks good and it sounds well developed for the NGP (or whatevs).
Anyone want to buy me one when it comes out? I don't have half a grand sitting around for a handheld.
I can see why they want to leave PSP behind, and PSV is close enough to PSP to be viable as a brand. I might have gone with PlayStation Valhalla myself.
PSP may have a less than brilliant rep in the US, but for the rest of the world the PSP is a fine brand, isn't it?
I know that PSP did best in Japan, but I thought that was mainly due to Monster Hunter. I don't own one, so I haven't followed that closely. I was under the impression that PSP's negativity problem was partly with devs, who have been hurt by the well-known piracy problem.
It was also big in Europe as far as I understand it. Wasn't thinking about the situation with devs. It makes sense to change the name if it's a concern that the PSP has a negative image because of piracy. Still, Vita?
I've gotten more than my money's worth from my launch PSP, so I've got a close eye on PSP2.
If they can get it to $299 I'll consider...maybe, but anything beyond that is out of my comfort zone.
Smart-phone gaming really has changed the 'gaming on the go' landscape over the past couple years, and while it's mostly not as deep as Nintendo/Sony handhelds, it's good enough to make $250 3DS and $300-$400 PSP2 purchase propositions seem quite foolhardy. Not to mention $30 and $40 for individual games.
Wipeout screenshot? Oh, screw you Sony. You're trying to hook me with the same thing that hooked me last time!
The pool game is most likely Hustle Kings, one of the announced games.
I'm hoping we'll see a new IP or two announced for this at E3. More Drake and Wipeout is great but I'd love to see something new, too. The small video clips shown so far look pretty incredible though.
3 - 5 hours battery life.
Sticking to the PSP for some time.
Not sure why people are bagging on Sony for this. It's the exact same deal with the current PSP.


§ 404.261. Computing your special minimum primary insurance amount.
(2) You must have at least 11 years of coverage to qualify for a special minimum primary insurance amount computation. However, special minimum primary insurance amounts based on little more than 10 years of coverage are usually lower than the regular minimum benefit that was in effect before 1982 (see §§ 404.212(e) and 404.222(b) of this part). In any situation where your primary insurance amount computed under another method is higher, we use that higher amount.
(2) Then we increase the amount found in paragraph (b)(1) of this section by any automatic cost-of-living or ad hoc increases that have become effective since December 1978 to find your special minimum primary insurance amount. See appendix V for the applicable table, which includes the 9.9 percent cost-of-living increase that became effective June 1979, the 14.3 percent increase that became effective June 1980, and the 11.2 percent increase that became effective June 1981.
Example: Ms. F, who attained age 62 in January 1979, had $10,000 in total social security earnings before 1951 and her post-1950 earnings are as follows: Year Earnings 1951 $1,100 1952 950 1953 0 1954 1,000 1955 1,100 1956 1,200 1957 0 1958 1,300 1959 0 1960 1,300 1961 0 1962 1,400 1963 1,300 1964 0 1965 500 1966 700 1967 650 1968 900 1969 1,950 1970 2,100 1971 2,000 1972 1,500 1973 2,700 1974 2,100 1975 2,600 1976 3,850 1977 4,150 1978 0 Her primary insurance amount under the average-indexed-monthly-earnings method as of June 1981 is $240.40 (based on average indexed monthly earnings of $229). Her guaranteed-alternative primary insurance amount under the average-monthly-wage method as of June 1981 is $255.80 (based on average monthly wages of $131). However, Ms. F has enough earnings before 1951 to allow her 11 years of coverage before 1951 ($10,000 ÷ $900 = 11, plus a remainder, which we drop). She has sufficient earnings in 1951-52, 1954-56, 1958, 1960, 1962-63, 1969-71, 1973, and 1976-77 to have a year of coverage for each of those years. She thus has 15 years of coverage after 1950 and a total of 26 years of coverage. We subtract 10 from her years of coverage, multiply the remainder (16) by $11.50 and get $184.00. We then apply the June 1979, June 1980, and June 1981 automatic cost-of-living increases (9.9 percent, 14.3 percent, and 11.2 percent, respectively) to that amount to find her special minimum primary insurance amount of $202.30 effective June 1979, $231.30 effective June 1980, and $257.30 effective June 1981. (See appendices V and VI.) Since her special minimum primary insurance amount is higher than the primary insurance amounts computed for her under the other methods described in this subpart for which she is eligible, her benefits (and those of her family) are based on the special minimum primary insurance amount.


This Japanese cast iron teapot is perfect to use during tea time. Its navy blue color with thin gold lines running down its body, it will bring a nice glow to your table setting. Pour hot water into the pot and let the tea leaves infuse in the stainless steel infuser basket.
Tea Tea Nazume 24 oz.


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January 15, 2022 | 4 Min Read
Year in review 2021: A Letter from our Founder
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As a founder of a company, I always feel that last year's accomplishments felt good but this year seems impossibly difficult to achieve. I do not know why. Maybe it is because running a fast-growing company requires vision and hard work. 2021 was one of those years. We finished the year with a big bang, and we are looking at 2022 as trying to climb the Yosemite North face.
We are the only equity crowdfunding company that releases its yearly revenues and now quarterly. In 2021, we achieved $28,841,227 in revenue (unaudited) compared to $12,574,218 in 2020. This is a staggering growth of 129%. Our gross margins improved from 73% to 81%. We had a loss of $991,073 (unaudited) compared to a loss of $2,584,360 in 2020.
How did we achieve this?
We have a formidable team of 100+ people who work tirelessly to help entrepreneurs raise capital, and help investors gain access to investment opportunities. I think the people were the most important factor.
We are proud to say that a great many of our entrepreneurs were either minorities or women. This is in itself a great achievement. I have said many times that when you remove the barrier to accessing capital, unappreciated minorities and women will come.
We raised $252,353,971 in capital for companies listed on our platform in 2021.
This is enormous growth compared to $142,305,018 in 2020. Unlike our competitors, we do not add any capital invested in these companies from VCs or third parties of our platform. If we did, the numbers would go through the roof, but frankly, it is hot air and we prefer to keep our feet on the ground.
We introduced StartEngine Collectibles
…and sold out five wine offerings and a Marylin Monroe lithograph by Andy Warhol. We are launching new collectibles every week, and we hope to offer them on our Secondary trading platform after we get all the right paperwork in place. We believe that investments in collectibles are a new asset class that should be offered to main street investors. In the past, it has been mostly reserved for the very few and we all know why.
We introduced the StartEngine REIT,
which is a real estate fund to allow our investor community access to one of the most popular investment classes. SE REIT has the potential to appreciate in value while providing regular income. This asset class has a long-term investment profile when sold as private partnerships. However, with our fund, it will also be available on StartEngine Secondary sometime in the future without any guarantee of liquidity, but at least better than waiting 5 to 7 years, which is typical in these kinds of investments.
In 2021 we were fortunate to get the approval to create our own financial system and offer StartEngine accounts to our investment community. What does this mean? This is big because when we release it this year, our investors will have one account hosted at StartEngine that will carry the cash and securities all in one place. Think how Charles Schwab and E*trade operate. This is a real upgrade and gives us the ability to improve the speed of transactions and reduce our costs. Amazing.
We launched our fourth OWN campaign that raised over $29M from our investor community.
This was the largest raise on StartEngine regardless of companies and our largest offering ever. The enthusiasm was amazing.
Our relationship with Kevin O'Leary (Mr. Wonderful) has been extended for 3 additional years, thus cementing our commitment to growing our investor community with his frank and easy-to-digest investment commentary as well as giving us a voice of reason and leadership in the equity crowdfunding marketplace.
We ended 2021 being the #1 platform in the United States in money raised and revenue.
How do we know this? Look at KingsCrowd, the independent rating platform that scrapes all the platforms including us. I am so proud of this achievement.
As you may know, we do not offer projections on how our business will perform in 2022 and beyond, but I can say this: 2021 was a great year and I can't wait to get 2022 started and hit the ground running.
Happy investing,
*These results are based on unaudited financial statements and may be subject to change.
We cannot say thank you enough to investors using our platform, as well as those who are invested in StartEngine. We're not done yet! There are very exciting things to come.
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190% YoY Growth: Invest in the leading equity crowdfunding platform.
This Reg A+ offering is made available through StartEngine Crowdfunding, Inc. This investment is speculative, illiquid, and involves a high degree of risk, including the possible loss of your entire investment. For more information about this offering, please view StartEngine's offering circular and risks associated with this offering.
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text:
Fatty Liver Disease Affects Cells' Energy Factories
| Original Press Release from the ASBMB
Recent high-throughput studies of lipids and proteins in liver mitochondria from patients and mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatosis (NASH) or its precursor, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), investigate how mitochondrial energy production stutters and fails in the course of disease. This micrograph shows a liver biopsy with fatty accumulations (white) and the beginnings of scarring (green) that characterize NAFLD. Credit: Wikimedia user Nephron under CC-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en
Complete the form below and we will email you a PDF version of "Fatty Liver Disease Affects Cells' Energy Factories"
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease affects up to 40 percent of American adults. Though the condition produces no noticeable symptoms, one out of every five people with it will go on to develop a more serious condition called NASH (short for nonalcoholic steatohepatosis).
The inflammation caused by NASH can result in scarring, commonly referred to as cirrhosis, and even cancer or organ failure. With those consequences in mind, researchers are trying to learn all they can about nonalcoholic fatty liver and how it progresses to NASH.
One avenue of investigation involves mitochondria - the organelles in the cell that produce energy in the form of ATP. Researchers have known for some time that mitochondrial dysfunction has something to do with the onset and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver. Three recent studies, described below, offer additional information on this front.
The first two studies illuminate how mitochondrial energy production stutters and fails as fatty liver disease progresses. The third describes how changes to the liver during disease progression affect the organ's use of nutrients to produce energy.
Mitochondrial proteins take a hit in a mouse model of fatty liver
Researchers at Northeast Ohio Medical University studied the lifespan of mitochondrial proteins in a mouse model of fatty liver disease. Comparing the amount of protein between healthy mice and a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease gave them an estimate of each protein's half-life.
Their findings, published in the journal Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, show that many proteins involved in mitochondrial function, especially those directly involved in making ATP, are broken down more quickly than usual in a fatty liver. Not only does this reduce the number of proteins, but the remaining proteins are also less active.
The insult to ATP producing proteins damaged the mitochondria. In an apparent effort to get rid of dysfunctional mitochondria, cells from fatty livers showed more evidence of digesting their mitochondria, but did not increase production of new ones. As a result, the authors observed mitochondrial and ATP shortages in the cells of mice with fatty liver.
The authors proposed that because the overloaded liver cells used fatty acids instead of glucose to make energy, they may have created more reactive oxygen byproducts, which damaged proteins.
Lipid changes in diseased liver may indicate overworked cells
Scientists know that nonalcoholic fatty livers are abnormally full of triglycerides. They need to find out more, though, about changes in other lipids.
In a study in the Journal of Lipid Research, researchers from Australia and the Netherlands report what they learned about such changes by using lipidomics to analyze liver biopsies from obese patients with normal livers, fatty ones, and full-blown NASH.
Some of the changes were predictable. For example, the researchers saw an increase in triglycerides and an increase in acylcarnitine, a molecule that shuttles fatty acids to liver mitochondria so that the organelles can make energy. This ties in to the switch to fatty acid metabolism that other teams have also observed.
The team also found significant changes over the course of disease in several lipid types without obvious connections to fatty liver. Two of those lipids have been linked to mitochondrial energy production. The researchers found that both lipids are elevated in the early stages of fatty liver and stay high as the disease progresses. The researchers think the level of both lipids may increase because mitochondria are working harder to deal with the excess energy from having lots of triglycerides around.
However, mitochondrial overwork can be risky. For example, one of the two lipids, cardiolipin, is vulnerable to a chemical reaction called peroxidation with reactive oxygen byproducts of energy production. Cardiolipin peroxidation can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction.
More detailed study will be needed to determine whether, as the authors hypothesize, mitochondrial overwork contributes to mitochondrial failure and liver disease progression.
Liver cells opt to build lipids, not glucose, in patients with fatty liver
One of the liver's most important roles is to regulate the level of glucose in the blood, supplying energy to other tissues. When the blood supply of glucose is low, liver cells make more available by converting other molecules to glucose. When glucose is plentiful, cells in the liver convert the sugar to other types of molecules or break it down and store the energy as ATP.
In an open-access paper in the September issue of the Journal of Lipid Research, scientists at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center studied liver cell metabolism in obese individuals with either normal or fatty livers.
When a person who has been fasting drinks a dose of glycerol in water, their liver cells have a choice to make about the resource. Do they convert the molecule into a quick hit of glucose for energy; use it for longer-term energy storage as a fat molecule; or build nucleotides and amino acids? By analyzing patients' plasma over time after they drank labeled glycerol, the researchers could track how cells used the labeled molecules.
Patients with fatty liver tended to use the glycerol to generate fat molecules more quickly than patients with normal livers and were slower to use it for making new glucose. There was no difference between the groups in a metabolic pathway that contributes to building other types of molecules. Whether these changes in using an incoming energy source affect the progression of fatty liver disease remains to be seen.
This article has been republished from materials provided by ASBMB. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.
1. Lee, K., Haddad, A., Osme, A., Kim, C., Borzou, A., Ilchenko, S., … Kasumov, T. (2018). Hepatic mitochondrial defects in a mouse model of NAFLD are associated with increased degradation of oxidative phosphorylation subunits. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, mcp.RA118.000961. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.RA118.000961
2. Peng, K.-Y., Watt, M. J., Rensen, S., Greve, J.-W., Huynh, K., Jayawardana, K. S., … Meex, R. C. R. (2018). Mitochondrial dysfunction-related lipid changes occur in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression. Journal of Lipid Research, jlr.M085613. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M085613
3. Jin, E. S., Browning, J. D., Murphy, R. E., & Malloy, C. R. (2018). Fatty Liver Disrupts Glycerol Metabolism in Gluconeogenic and Lipogenic Pathways in Humans. Journal of Lipid Research, jlr.M086405. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M086405