text:
Notice of Non-Discrimination Policy
Todd Wehr Memorial Library
Allison Reeves Grabowski Senior Director Academic Resources
Torrie Boduch Director Career Services
Joelle Curry Senior Supplemental Instruction Coordinator
Courtney Foster Academic Strategy Coordinator
Lydia Guell Assistant Director Career Services
Kirsten Petersen Pio Connection Fellowship Grant Coordinator & Graduate Career Consultant
Courtney Hinder Learning Commons Coordinator
Academic Resources, located on the lower level of the Carroll library, provides free academic support services for Carroll students through Career Services and the Learning Commons.
Career Services offers personalized resume and cover letter assistance, help exploring majors, career assessments, career exploration, career focused workshops, interviewing strategies, graduate school preparation, and help searching for a job/internship for all Carroll students and alumni.
Online services include:
Students and alumni have access to Handshake, a career platform with a robust job and internship database.
Social Media: LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, and instagram
Career Events:
WorkForce Fair: Jobs, Internships, & Graduate Schools Etiquette Dinner
The Learning Commons (LC) is located on the lower level of the Carroll library. The LC Info Desk is open approximately 95 hours a week during fall and spring semesters. Students are encouraged to move tables and chairs to create a study space. Dry erase boards and walls are available in the large open study space. Markers and laptops are available for checkout at the LC Info Desk for use in the library building. Students can reserve group study rooms for up to 4 hours.
All services are free and voluntary. Please contact lcommons@carrollu.edu with any questions regarding academic and career support.
Academic Strategy Workshops
The Learning Commons offers numerous academic strategy workshops focusing on time management, study skills, test-taking strategies, and other requested topics. Carroll students are encouraged to fill out a request form (found on the LC website) for a customized workshop. Workshops are available for individuals or for student groups.
Career advisors and career peer advisors are available in the Learning Commons. Email Lydia Guell at lguell@carrollu.edu for more information.
Drop-in Tutoring
Peer tutors are available for many courses. Carroll students can connect with a peer tutor in the Learning Commons during weekly drop-in hours.
English Conversation Partner Program
This program pairs students seeking to enhance their English speaking and listening abilities with peer tutors who are native English speakers. Partners meet in the Learning Commons for about one hour each week to converse in English about topics of interest to the students. Carroll students interested in this program are encouraged to fill out a request form (found on the LC website).
Math Assistance
Peer math assistants hold weekly hours in the Learning Commons and help Carroll students as they prepare for quizzes and tests, complete assignments, and learn new concepts in their classes. Math Assistance is available for MAT 098 , MAT 101 , MAT 106 , MAT 130 , and MAT 140 .
Reading Writing Skills Lab
Professor Dolores Greenawalt is available to help students improve content reading strategies and writing skills during fall and spring semesters. All students are welcome, especially students taking ENG 140, ENG 170, CCS100 and CCS199. Email Professor Greenawalt at dgreenaw@carrollu.edu for more information.
Supplemental Instruction (SI) is a peer education program that targets historically difficult courses. By employing a variety of collaborative learning strategies and group work, SI offers multiple options for learning challenging material. SI sessions are held in the Learning Commons or in designated classrooms around campus.
Peer writing assistants hold regular hours in the Learning Commons and support Carroll students during any stage of the writing process. Students are welcome to visit with a writing assistant to focus on brainstorming, developing and organizing ideas, and revising final drafts.
Carroll University does not discriminate in any manner contrary to law or justice on the basis of race, color, sex, age, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, disability or veteran's status in administration of its educational, admission, financial aid, athletic or other university policies and programs nor in the employment of its faculty and staff.
Judith Carter Electronic Resources and Systems Librarian
Meghan Dowell Teaching & Learning Libraian
Joe Hardenbrook Director of Library Services
Susan Riehl Archivist, Public & Technical Services Librarian
Barbara Ruggeri Life & Health Sciences Librarian
The mission of the Library is to serve students by providing access to information, by maintaining an environment that promotes a culture of academic excellence, and by offering instruction that fosters scholarship, integrity, independent intellectual growth, and the sophisticated information skills necessary for lifelong learning.
Carroll's Library
The Todd Wehr Memorial Library offers a bundle of integrated services aimed at student academic success. These services range from our collection of books and e-books tailored to the Carroll curriculum and online databases that allow Carroll's students to access thousands of journals from anywhere with an Internet connection, to the Information Commons where students can collaborate and get personalized research assistance from librarians for every course at Carroll. The electronic collection of over 100 databases, 70,000+ electronic journals, and 163,000 electronic books are available 24/7 to Carroll students. The library is open over 100 hours per week during the semester. Our online chat box provides expert online research assistance from our library staff during those hours so students can receive support online or in person.
The Library's instruction program teaches subject-specific research methods, including how to evaluate web sites and other information resources. Library instruction begins in the Cultural Seminar (CCS) program and continues as students work on assignments that require them to deal with a world of rapidly proliferating information and delivery systems. Librarians also assist students with course assignments and provide research assistance in the Information Commons or by appointments with their liaison. The Library's liaison program pairs librarians with faculty in specific subject areas for the purposes of acquiring the best resources for Carroll students, keeping the collections current, and teaching research skills specific to that subject. Liaison librarians also provide students with specialized assistance for in-depth research projects.
The Library provides a comfortable environment with collaborative technology and study spaces to accommodate a variety of study styles: quiet spaces, individual carrels, large tables, group rooms, hard chairs, soft chairs and a coffee shop.
Curriculum Materials Center (CMC)
The CMC is located on the library's main level - just beyond the Information Commons. The purpose of the CMC is to support the curriculum material needs of students preparing for careers in K-12 education. For questions on CMC materials or policies, please ask at the Information Commons desk or view our CMC guide.
The University Archives contains official records and publications of the institution, private papers, student and faculty publications, academic and curricula works, photographs, books, audio and video recordings and Carroll memorabilia that record and illustrate the history and life of the university. These materials provide historical information about the Trustees, the faculty, staff and student body over time. Items that are highly accessed, such as the student yearbooks and the Theatre Collection, campus artwork, and graduate theses have been digitized and are available online through the digital collections link on the Web site. New items are continually added to the digital collections site.
The Library's holdings include some unique, rare, out of print, and historic books which are all grouped as part of Special Collections. The materials in Special Collections include; Welsh Collection, Barclay Collection, Mother Goose Collection, Rufus and Charles King Collection, and Rare Books Collection. The subjects cover religious works, historical works on Scotland and Wales, classic literature, theatre, children's literature, and artistic works that date back as far as 1604. All materials are accessible to the Carroll Community and may be used in the Library. For assistance please contact archivist, Susan Riehl.
Please click here to see the Library's home page on the university's web site for more information regarding the Library's services and policies.
Our mission is to assist the Carroll community in creating a safe and secure environment for learning, living, and working. The Department of Public Safety maintains staffing 24 hours a day including personnel in the dispatch office, Public Safety Officers, and off duty Waukesha County Sheriff Deputies. Public Safety both produces and co-sponsors various events during the year to help enhance the knowledge of the community related to personal safety both on campus and off.
Carroll University provides an annual security report that includes statistics for the previous three calendar years concerning reported crimes that occurred on campus; in certain off campus buildings or property owned or controlled by Carroll University; and on public property within or immediately adjacent to, and accessible from, the campus. The report includes institutional policies concerning campus security, such as policies concerning alcohol and other drug use, crime prevention, the reporting of crimes, sexual assault, and other matters. The report also includes fire safety policies and statistics, emergency notification procedures, and protocols for missing persons.
Click here for a copy of the annual security report.
You can obtain a paper copy of this report by contacting the Public Safety Center located at 208 Wright Street, which is a half block east of Campus Center or by calling 262.524.7300.
Carroll University is committed to promoting health and security to help protect students' academic success. With this in mind, the University sponsors a number of insurance programs, including student health insurance, renters insurance, and property and auto insurance for University owned or leased vehicles and property. Current information about University sponsored insurance can be found in the Student Handbook.
Certain students are required to carry professional liability insurance when enrolled in clinical courses. These students include, but are not limited to, students enrolled in physical therapy, nursing and other health science programs.
Many HMOs do not provide coverage outside of a particular area, so students and their parents should review their coverage carefully before waiving the University's plan.
Student-Athletes: The University carries an insurance policy that provides secondary coverage for the student athlete who may be injured during practice for, or while participating in, an intercollegiate athletic event. The student athlete is responsible for any deductible.
Vehicles: The University carries insurance on all of its vehicles. Any student receiving permission to drive a university vehicle must be approved by the University's insurance company before he or she drives any of its vehicles.
Property: Carroll University's property insurance policy covers damage to, or theft of, University owned property only. The University's policy does not cover personal property belonging to students.
Liability: Certain students are required to carry professional liability insurance when enrolled in clinical courses. These students include, but are not limited to, students enrolled in physical therapy, nursing and other health science programs.


text:
var merge = require('webpack-merge')
var devEnv = require('./dev.env')

module.exports = merge(devEnv, {
  NODE_ENV: '"testing"',
  API: '"http://ic-testit.azurewebsites.net"',
  PDF: '"https://pdfzin-testit.herokuapp.com/"'
})

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
North Korea Calls James Franco's New Project a 'Blatant Act of Terrorism'
Cait Munro, June 26, 2014
James Franco. Photo via IMDB.
Actor, writer, former NYU professor, and pseudo-artist James Franco and his sidekick Seth Rogen are in trouble with North Korea. The pair's upcoming action-comedy film The Interview (set to hit theaters October 10) follows the adventures of a television host and his producer who are invited to interview Kim Jong-un, and are subsequently recruited by the CIA to assassinate the leader.
According to the BBC, the North Korean government does not find the plot line very amusing, and has stated that the movie's release will be viewed as an "act of war." A spokesman for the country was also quoted by the state KCNA news agency as saying: "Making and releasing a movie on a plot to hurt our top-level leadership is the most blatant act of terrorism and war and will absolutely not be tolerated."
A trailer for the film on YouTube features fight scenes involving what appear to be North Korean tanks and helicopters, and a missile launch. Franco has yet to comment on North Korea's retaliatory threats, but Rogen has remain lighthearted about the situation, tweeting "People don't usually wanna kill me for one of my movies until after they've paid 12 bucks for it."
The North Korean spokesman said that "if the US administration allows and defends the showing of the film, a merciless counter-measure will be taken." And there you have it: one more thing to blame James Franco for.
Celebrities Contemporary
Cait Munro
James Franco Teams Up With His Brother for a New Sewer-Themed Art Show in Arizona
By Sarah Cascone , Aug 7, 2017
Celebrity Chef Raises Funds for London Residency Program
Klaus Biesenbach Hosts Famous Friends at PS1 Gala

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


News items related to Houston Guitar Lessons as issued by the Send2Press Newswire service on behalf of the noted news source.
HOUSTON, Texas (SEND2PRESS NEWSWIRE) — Houston Guitar Lessons has released a new streaming video lesson series for beginning and intermediate guitarists, available by monthly subscription. There are over 270 separate practice videos in the lesson series. Greg Varhaug, a professional guitar teacher and the creator of the series, says that the amount of time it takes to master beginner's guitar is not a matter of weeks or months, but hours. Most people can complete the program with less than 25 hours of actual practice time.


text:
package co.com.codesoftware.server;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlSchemaType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
import javax.xml.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendar;

/**
 *
Clase Java para getFacturasSede complex type.
 *
 *
El siguiente fragmento de esquema especifica el contenido que se espera que haya en esta clase.
 *
 *

 * <complexType name="getFacturasSede">
 *   <complexContent>
 *     <restriction base="{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}anyType">
 *       <sequence>
 *         <element name="fInicial" type="{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}dateTime"/>
 *         <element name="fFinal" type="{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}dateTime"/>
 *         <element name="idSede" type="{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}int"/>
 *       </sequence>
 *     </restriction>
 *   </complexContent>
 * </complexType>
 *

 *
 *
 */
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlType(name = "getFacturasSede", propOrder = {
    "fInicial",
    "fFinal",
    "idSede"
})
public class GetFacturasSede {

    @XmlElement(required = true)
    @XmlSchemaType(name = "dateTime")
    protected XMLGregorianCalendar fInicial;
    @XmlElement(required = true)
    @XmlSchemaType(name = "dateTime")
    protected XMLGregorianCalendar fFinal;
    protected int idSede;

    /**
     * Obtiene el valor de la propiedad fInicial.
     *
     * @return
     *     possible object is
     *     {@link XMLGregorianCalendar }
     *
     */
    public XMLGregorianCalendar getFInicial() {
        return fInicial;
    }

    /**
     * Define el valor de la propiedad fInicial.
     *
     * @param value
     *     allowed object is
     *     {@link XMLGregorianCalendar }
     *
     */
    public void setFInicial(XMLGregorianCalendar value) {
        this.fInicial = value;
    }

    /**
     * Obtiene el valor de la propiedad fFinal.
     *
     * @return
     *     possible object is
     *     {@link XMLGregorianCalendar }
     *
     */
    public XMLGregorianCalendar getFFinal() {
        return fFinal;
    }

    /**
     * Define el valor de la propiedad fFinal.
     *
     * @param value
     *     allowed object is
     *     {@link XMLGregorianCalendar }
     *
     */
    public void setFFinal(XMLGregorianCalendar value) {
        this.fFinal = value;
    }

    /**
     * Obtiene el valor de la propiedad idSede.
     *
     */
    public int getIdSede() {
        return idSede;
    }

    /**
     * Define el valor de la propiedad idSede.
     *
     */
    public void setIdSede(int value) {
        this.idSede = value;
    }

}


text:
https://www.barrons.com/articles/fda-commissioner-robert-califf-biden-51636731773
Robert Califf Is Expected to Be Nominated by Biden to Lead FDA
Sabrina Escobar
Nov. 12, 2021 10:44 am ET
President Joe Biden is expected to nominate cardiologist and former Food and Drug Administration commissioner Robert Califf to lead the agency.
The selection, which could be announced Friday, would end a months-long search for a permanent commissioner, as the role has been vacant since Biden took office. The position has been hard to fill because there was a lack of interest in the job and various interest groups have sparred over possible nominations, according to a report from The Wall Street Journal.


Mack Wilberg Anthems: 9 Anthems For Mixed Voices is for SATB and Organ or Orchestra or unaccompanied.
This anthology of 9 mixed-voice anthems combines new material written specially for the collection with established favourites from the Oxford catalogue, some of which appear here for the first time with SATB scoring.
Containing both accompanied and A Cappella pieces, and with festive anthems (with Keyboard or Orchestral accompaniment) alongside short, gentle blessings, Mack Wilberg Anthems: 9 Anthems For Mixed Voices contains an attractive selection of pieces suitable for a variety of liturgical seasons and will appeal to all mixed-voice church choirs.


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Padded footbed provides extra comfort.
Locks into place onto frame.
Sturdy 1" dia. steel tube.
Adjusts from 17" to 29" long.
Q'Straint Q5-6340-20 lap belt extension is 20" long and gives you that add length you might need for your lap belt. The Q5-6340-20 is designed to be used with the Q-5000 wheelchair kits. Many of the kits come with occupant restraint straps like the Q-6320 lap belt in conjunction with the tie down straps for the wheelchair. If you have any question please contact us.
INCLUDES THE ILLUSTRATED STAR PHOTO! With your cutout you get a generous 25x20cm gloss finish photograph of Angelina Jolie professionally produced and printed on premium, top end crystal archive quality Fujifilm photographic paper.
Versatile bag can be used as school bag, Travel Bag, Student backpack, Shoulder bag, Mountaineering bag.
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text:
Newsroom > NJTPA News > NJTPA Update Blog > 2021 > November 2021 Print
Bikes, Scooters, Skateboards are the Future, Advocate Tells NJTPA Board
Posted: 11/11/2021 8:18:41 AM
Micromobility is poised to become the "the next chapter in the transportation mobility future" Shabazz Stuart, Founder and CEO of the company Oonee, told the NJTPA Board at its November 8 meeting.
Encompassing a wide range of devices that travel under 30 miles an hour—including bikes, scooters, skateboards, unicycles, e-bikes and even wheelchairs—Stuart said micromobility is "the fastest growing segment of transportation in America." The growth has been made possible by towns and cities around the country installing bike lanes and other infrastructure, creating new plans and policies for use of streets and supporting bike share, scooter share and other services.
Stuart's company works with local governments to create modular infrastructure that gives micromobility riders parking, charging, and servicing. Oonee has installed enclosed modules on residential streets and larger parking stations at central locations in Jersey City and New York City. The company has plans for continued expansion based on data and outreach on community needs.
Stuart said many people think that micromobility is mainly used for recreation or by young people. However, he said, as its popularity has grown—particularly during the pandemic—micromobility is now being recognized as an "important mode of public transportation" for commuting and daily trips.
Biking and other means of micromobility are particularly suited to the shortest trips, he said, noting that 50 percent of trips are under three miles and 20 percent of trips are a mile or less. Even converting a share of these trips to micromobility he said could help cities and towns operate more efficiently, reducing traffic congestion and improving access to transit stations from wider areas.
Public support for micromobility also enhances equity, he said, because a large share of users are low income or immigrants. Those with incomes less than $35,000 per year are 10 times more likely to bike than others, Stuart said. As micromobility continues to grow, "we're going to have dividends across the playing field," he said.
While safety must be improved to support micromobility's growth, there also must be efforts to provide parking and service opportunities, a sustainable economic model for operators and comprehensive planning, he said. The economics can be particularly difficult, he said, because like public transit, micromobility requires public investments and some measure of subsidy, rather than relying on venture capital investments.
NJTPA Chair Kathy DeFillippo commended Stuart for the presentation, which she said provided "food for thought" for the NJTPA and the region's municipalities.
Click here to view the presentation.
Online Tool Offers Resources for Municipalities, Businesses to Support EV Adoption
Posted: 11/3/2021 12:58:28 PM
New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy has set a goal of having 330,000 electric vehicles (EVs) on the road by 2025. Municipalities can help the state reach this goal by electrifying fleets and adopting policies that support installation of EV infrastructure.
Electric vehicles can help communities improve their air quality, reduce their carbon emissions, and save on fuel and maintenance costs.
To support the state's push toward electrification, the NJTPA has compiled several resources into an online tool aimed at helping counties, municipalities and businesses accelerate EV adoption.
The tool provides links to key resources, like the Alternative Fuel Vehicle Readiness Guidebook the NJTPA developed in 2017. It includes model ordinances and guidance for streamlining the permitting process, information on training for first responders, and links to resources communities can use to encourage residents to make the shift to electric.
These online resources can also be used by businesses interested in installing charging infrastructure at their sites or looking to electrify their fleets.
EVs are a rapidly changing field. This tool will be regularly updated as more resources become available.
Click here to visit our EV Resources Tool.


text:
Amar Osim (ur. 18 lipca 1967) – bośniacki piłkarz występujący na pozycji pomocnika i obecny trener Željezničara.

Kariera piłkarska
W latach 1986–1997 występował w klubach: Željezničar, Saint-Dié i ASPV Strasbourg.

Kariera trenerska
Po zakończeniu piłkarskiej kariery pracował jako trener w Željezničar, JEF United Chiba i Al-Kharitiyath.

Bibliografia
 uefa.com

Bośniacko-hercegowińscy piłkarze
Bośniaccy trenerzy piłkarscy
Trenerzy piłkarzy FK Željezničar
Urodzeni w 1967
Piłkarze FK Željezničar
Trenerzy piłkarzy JEF United Ichihara Chiba
Trenerzy piłkarzy FK Velež

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
\section{Introduction}

Recall the Freiheitssatz of Magnus  \cite{Mg30, Mg31} for one-relator groups:

\begin{Theorem} {\rm [The Freiheitssatz]}
Let $G=\langle X:R\rangle$ be a one-relator group where $R$ is
cyclically reduced. If $Y$ is a subset of $X$ which omits a
generator occurring in $R$, then the subgroup $M_Y$ generated by
$Y$ is freely generated by $Y$.
\end{Theorem}

Subgroups of a one-relator group of the form $M_Y$ as in the
Freiheitssatz are called {\em Magnus subgroups}. In \cite{New68},
Newman proved that the Magnus subgroups of a one-relator group
with torsion are malnormal, that is, if $M$ is a Magnus subgroup
and $g\notin M$, then $M\cap gMg^{-1}$ is trivial. Bagherzadeh
\cite{Ba76} generalized Newman's result in 1976 to ordinary
one-relator groups and proved that Magnus subgroups of one-relator
groups are cyclonormal. He proved the following

\begin{Theorem}\label{b}
Let $M$ be a Magnus subgroup of a one-relator group $G=\langle
X:R\rangle$. Then $M$ is cyclonormal in $G$, that is, if $g\notin
M$, then $M\cap gMg^{-1}$ is cyclic.
\end{Theorem}

Collins \cite{Col04,Col05} proved the following results about the
intersection of Magnus subgroups of a one-relator group $G$.

\begin{Theorem}\label{col1}
Let $M_Y$ and $M_Z$ be Magnus subgroups of a one-relator group
$G=\langle X:R\rangle $ generated by subsets $Y,Z\subset X$. Then
$$M_Y\cap_G M_Z=M_{Y\cap Z}\ast I,$$ where $I$ is a free group of
rank $0$ or $1$.
\end{Theorem}

\begin{Theorem}\label{col2}
Let $M_Y$ and $M_Z$ be Magnus subgroups of a one-relator group $G$
as in Theorem \ref{col1}. For any $g\in G$, either $M_Y\cap_G
gM_Zg^{-1}$ is cyclic (possibly trivial) or $g\in M_YM_Z$.
\end{Theorem}

Here we use the notation $A\cap_G B$ to denote the intersection of
two subgroups $A,B$ in the group $G$, to distinguish it from the
intersection in any other group containing them both.  For
example, in Theorem \ref{col1}, if $F$ is the free group on $X$,
then $M_Y\cap_F M_Z=M_{Y\cap Z}$; the Theorem tells us that this
may differ from $M_Y\cap_G M_Z$.

When these two intersections do differ, in other words when $I$
has rank 1 in Theorem \ref{col1}, we say that the two Magnus
subgroups involved have {\it exceptional intersection}. The first
author \cite[Theorem E]{How05} has shown that it is
algorithmically decidable whether a given pair of Magnus subgroups
in a given one-relator group has exceptional intersection.

A {\em one-relator surface group} is the quotient of the
fundamental group of an orientable surface (possibly noncompact,
or with boundary) by the normal closure of a single element. These
groups were introduced in 1990 by Hempel \cite{Hem90}, and have
subsequently been studied by Bogopolski and Sviridov \cite{Bog,BS}
and by the first author \cite{How}.

In this paper we generalize Theorems \ref{b}, \ref{col1} and
\ref{col2}, as well as \cite[Theorem E]{How05} from one-relator
groups to one-relator surface groups.  With an appropriate
definition of Magnus subgroup, we prove the following.

\medskip\noindent{\bf Theorem \ref{s}}
{\it Let $G$ be a one-relator surface group, and let $M$ be a
Magnus subgroup of $G$. Then $M$ is cyclonormal, that is, for any
$g\in G\smallsetminus M$, $M\cap gMg^{-1}$ is cyclic.}

\medskip\noindent{\bf Theorem \ref{ss}}
{\it The intersection $M_1\cap_GM_2$ of two compatible Magnus
subgroups $M_1$ and $M_2$ of the one-relator surface group $G$ is
the free product of $(M_1\cap_{\Sigma}M_2)$ with a cyclic group.
That is, $M_1\cap_GM_2=(M_1\cap_{\Sigma}M_2)\ast C$.}

\medskip
(See \S \ref{prelim} for the definition of {\em compatible} Magnus subgroups.)

\medskip\noindent{\bf Theorem \ref{alg}}
{\it There is an algorithm which will decide, given a one-relator surface
group and a pair of compatible Magnus subgroups, whether or not the
intersection is exceptional (that is, $C\ne\{1\}$ in Theorem \ref{ss})
and if so will give a generator for $C$.}

\medskip\noindent{\bf Theorem \ref{sss}}
{\it Let $G$ be a one-relator surface group and let $M_1$ and
$M_2$ be two Magnus subgroups of $G$. Let $g\in G$, then
$M_1\cap_G gM_2g^{-1}$ is cyclic unless $g\in M_1M_2$.}

Theorems \ref{s}, \ref{ss} and \ref{sss} appeared in the second
author's thesis \cite{MSS}. We are grateful to the thesis
exmainers, Andrew Duncan and Nick Gilbert, for useful comments.

\medskip
In \S\ref{prelim} below we define our notion of Magnus subgroup for
one-relator surface groups and present some useful preliminary results.
Theorem \ref{s} is proved in \S\ref{cyclo}, Theorems \ref{ss} and \ref{alg}
in \S\ref{except}, and finally Theorem \ref{sss} in \S\ref{conj}.

\section{Preliminaries}\label{prelim}

In order to formulate appropriate generalizations of theorems
about Magnus subgroups of one-relator groups, we first need to
choose a suitable definition of Magnus subgroup for a one-relator
surface group. A minimum requirement for a Magnus subgroup is that
it should satisfy an appropriate version of the Freiheitssatz for
one-relator surface groups - which turns out to be a somewhat
delicate question (see \cite{How}).  For the purposes of
exposition in the present paper we shall restrict our definition
of Magnus subgroup to a case where we know that a Freiheitssatz
holds.

Suppose that $S$ is a surface and $\alpha$ is an essential separating
simple closed curve on $S$.  Then the surface group $\Sigma=\pi_1(S)$
splits along $\alpha$ as a free product with amalgamation:
$$\Sigma=\pi_1(S)\cong\pi_1(S_1)\ast_A\pi_1(S_2),$$
where $S_1$ and $S_2$ are the two components of $S$ cut along
$\alpha$, and $A$ is the cyclic subgroup generated by $\alpha$.

Provided that $R\in\pi_1(S)$ is not conjugate into one of the
factors $\pi_1(S_i)$, we say that $\pi_1(S_1)$ and $\pi_1(S_2)$
are {\em Magnus subgroups} in the one-relator surface group
$\pi_1(S)/\<\<R\>\>$.  Note that a Magnus subgroup is generated by
a subset of some standard generating set for the surface group
$\Sigma=\pi_1(S)$ -- for example
$$\<a_1,b_1,\dots,a_{\ell},b_{\ell}\>\subset
\Sigma=\<a_1,b_1,\dots,a_k,b_k~:~[a_1,b_1]\cdots [a_k,b_k]=1\>.$$

\begin{Theorem}{\rm (Freiheitssatz for one-relator surface groups \cite[Proposition 3.10]{How})}\label{fhs}
If $M=\pi_1(S_1)$ is a Magnus subgroup in a one-relator surface group
$G$, then the inclusion map $M\to G$ is injective,
\end{Theorem}

The separating curve $\alpha$ in the definition is determined by
the Magnus subgroup only up to isotopy. We shall also refer to a
pair of Magnus subgroups $M_1$ and $M_2$ as {\em compatible} if
the corresponding separating curves on $S$ can be chosen to be
disjoint.  In terms of generators, there exists a standard
generating set such that both $M_1,M_2$ are generated by subsets
of the chosen generating set for $\Sigma=\pi_1(S)$.

\medskip
\noindent
{\bf Remark} Let $$G=\Sigma/\<\<R\>\>=\<a_1,b_1,\ldots ,a_k,b_k~:~[a_1,b_1]\cdots [a_k,b_k]=R=1\>$$
 be a one-relator surface group, and $L=\{a_1,b_1,\ldots ,a_{k-1},b_{k-1},b_k\}$ a
proper subset of the generating set of $G$. Then $L$ generates a
subgroup $M$ of $\Sigma=\pi_1(S)$ corresponding to the complement
of a nonseparating simple closed curve in $S$. In \cite{How} it is
shown that the Freiheitssatz does not in general hold for such
subgroups: the natural map $M\to G$ is not always injective. For
this reason, we have excluded such subgroups from our definition
of {\em Magnus subgroup}.

Moreover, it turns out that the results of this paper do not necessarily
extend to groups of this form, even in situations where $M\to G$
is injective.  We shall give an example in \S \ref{cyclo} to illustrate this.

In \S \ref{cyclo} below we will employ an idea first used by
Hempel \cite[Lemma 2.1, Theorem 2.2]{Hem90} (see also
\cite[Proposition 2.1]{How}) to express a one-relator surface
group as an HNN extension of a one-relator group. Here the
notation $\<\alpha,\beta\>$ denotes the algebraic intersection
number of a pair of curves $\alpha,\beta$ on the surface $S$.

\begin{Proposition}\label{trick}
Let $S$ be a closed, connected, oriented surface of genus at least $2$,
and let $\alpha$ be a closed curve in $S$.  Then
\begin{enumerate}
\item There is a non-separating simple closed curve $\beta$ in $S$
such that $\<\alpha,\beta\>=0$. \item For any such $\beta$, there
are connected surfaces $F,F_0,F_1$ and a closed curve $\alpha'$ in
$F$, such that
\begin{enumerate}
\item[(a)] $F_0\cong F_1$, $F_0\subset F$ and $F_1\subset F$;
\item[(b)] $\pi_1(F_0)\to\pi_1(F)/\<\<\alpha'\>\>$ and $\pi_1(F_1)\to\pi_1(F)/\<\<\alpha'\>\>$ are injective;
\item[(c)] $\pi_1(S)$ (resp. $\pi_1(S)/\<\<\alpha\>\>$) is an HNN-extension of
$\pi_1(F)$ (resp. $\pi_1(F)/\<\<\alpha'\>\>$) with associated subgroups $\pi_1(F_0)$ and $\pi_1(F_1)$;
\item[(d)] Each of $\partial F$,  $\partial F_0$ and $\partial F_1$
consists of two circles, each of which represents (a conjugate of)
$\beta\in\pi_1(S)$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{enumerate}
\end{Proposition}

In \S \ref{except} and \S\ref{conj} we will use a slight variation
of this idea, which we will describe in the course of the proof of Theorem \ref{ss}.

We shall also make extensive use of the fact that there is a lot
of freedom in the choice of the curve $\beta$. In particular, if
$S_0\subset S$ is a punctured torus, then the restriction of the
algebraic intersection map $\<\alpha,-\>$ to $S_0$ gives a
homomorphism $\mathbb{Z}^2\cong H_1(S_0)\to\mathbb{Z}$ with nonzero kernel; we may
choose a simple closed curve $\beta\subset S_0$ to represent a
nonzero element of the kernel, and such a curve is automatically
nonseparating.

Lemma \ref{sl} below is an algebraic translation of this
observation, applied to the case of the closed orientable surface
$S$ of genus $g$, with a standard generating set
$\{a_1,b_1,\dots,a_k,b_k\}$ for $\pi_1(S)$, where $\pi_1(S_0)$ is
generated by $\{a_k,b_k\}$.

If $R$ is an element of a free group $F$ with basis $X$, and $x\in X$,
we denote by $\sigma(R,x)$ the exponent-sum of $x$ in $R$, in other
words the image of $R$ under the homomorphism $F\to\mathbb{Z}$ defined by
$x\mapsto 1$, $X\smallsetminus\{x\}\mapsto 0$.

\begin{Lemma}\label{sl}
Let $R$ be an element of the free group $\langle a_1,b_1,\ldots
,a_k,b_k\rangle $. Then there exists a basis $\{a_k',b_k'\}$ of
the free group $\langle a_k,b_k\rangle $, such that
\begin{description}
\item (i) $[a_k',b_k']=[a_k,b_k]$; and \item (ii) as a reduced
word in $\{a_1,b_1,\ldots ,a_{k-1},b_{k-1},a_k',b_k'\}$, $R$ has
exponent sum zero in $a_k'$.
\end{description}
\end{Lemma}

\section{Magnus subgroups are cyclonormal}\label{cyclo}

\begin{Theorem}\label{s}
Let $G$ be a one-relator surface group, and let $M$ be a Magnus
subgroup of $G$. Then $M$ is cyclonormal, that is, for any $g\in
G\smallsetminus M$, $M\cap gMg^{-1}$ is cyclic.
\end{Theorem}

\begin{proof}
Without loss of generality, we may assume that
$$G=\<a_1, b_1,\ldots , a_k, b_k~:~[a_1,b_1]\cdots [a_k,b_k]=R=1\rangle$$
and that $$M=\langle a_1, b_1,\ldots , a_{k-1}, b_{k-1}\rangle.$$
Let $g\notin M$ be an element of $G$.

By Lemma \ref{sl}, we may assume that $$\sigma(R,a_k)=0,$$ that
is, the exponent sum of $a_k$ in $R$ is zero.

Let $\beta$ denote the simple-closed curve on $S$ representing
$b_k$, such that $\sigma(-,a_k)=\<-,\beta\>:\pi_1(S)\to\mathbb{Z}$.  Then
Hempel's trick (Proposition \ref{trick}) with this choice of
$\beta$ expresses $G$ as an HNN-extension $$G=\langle H, a_k\mid
a_kXa_k^{-1}=Y\rangle $$ of a one-relator group $H$, in such a way
that $X$ and $Y$ are isomorphic Magnus subgroups of $H$, with $M$
a free factor of $X$ and such that, in fact, $H$ is a one-relator
product of $M$ and $Y$.

The Bass-Serre tree for this HNN-extension has vertex-stabilizers
the conjugates of $H$ and edge-stabilizers the conjugates of $X$
(or the conjugates of $Y$). Let $T$ be the Bass-Serre tree for
this HNN-extension and suppose $g\in G\smallsetminus H$. Then $G$
acts on $T$ and there exists a vertex $v$ such that $$H=Stab(v)$$
$$gHg^{-1}=Stab(g(v)).$$ Moreover, $X$ and $Y$ are the stabilisers
of two edges of $T$, which have $v$ as source and target
respectively.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\epsfxsize=10cm \epsfysize=2cm \epsfbox{s6a.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{}\label{12}
\end{figure}

Now $M\subset H$ stabilizes $v$ and $gMg^{-1}\subset gHg^{-1}$
stabilizes $g(v)$ so that $M\cap gMg^{-1}$ stabilizes both $v$ and
$g(v)$ and hence stabilizes the path $P$ in $T$ from $v$ to
$g(v)$. Here three different cases arise.

\medskip\noindent
{\bf Case 1.} If $g(v)=v$, then $g\in Stab(v)=H$ and the result
follows from Bagherzadeh's Theorem \ref{b}.

\medskip\noindent
{\bf Case 2.} If the path $P$ is not coherently oriented, then
there is an intermediate vertex $u=g'(v)$ of $P$ that is either
the source of each incident edge of $P$ or the target of each
incident edge of $P$.  We treat the latter case (Figure \ref{13});
the former is entirely analogous.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\epsfxsize=12cm \epsfysize=2.5cm \epsfbox{s6.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{}\label{13}
\end{figure}

If $e,e'$ are the edges of $P$ incident at $u$,
then
$$Stab(e)=g'Xg'^{-1}$$
$$Stab(e')=(g'h)X(g'h)^{-1}$$
for some $h\in H$. Now $$M\cap gMg^{-1}\subseteq Stab(v)\cap
Stab(g(v))\subseteq Stab(e)\cap Stab(e').$$But $$Stab(e)\cap
Stab(e')=g'Xg'^{-1}\cap g'hXh^{-1}g'^{-1}=g'(X\cap
hXh^{-1})g'^{-1}.$$ Therefore $$M\cap gMg^{-1}\subseteq g'(X\cap
hXh^{-1})g'^{-1}$$is cyclic by Bagherzadeh's Theorem \ref{b}.

\medskip\noindent
{\bf Case 3.} If the path $P$ is coherently oriented, then we will
assume that the orientation is from $g(v)$ to $v$ -- see Figure
\ref{17}. (The argument for the opposite orientation is
analogous.)

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\epsfxsize=10cm \epsfysize=2cm \epsfbox{s8a.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{}\label{17}
\end{figure}

The edge $e$ of $P$ incident at $v$ has target $v$ and so has
stabilizer $hYh^{-1}$ for some $h\in H$.

Now $$M\cap gMg^{-1}\subseteq M\cap hYh^{-1},$$ and $H$ is a
one-relator product of the free groups $M$ and $Y$, so $M\cap
hYh^{-1}$ is cyclic by a result of Brodski\u\i\, \cite[Teorema
6({\sc b})]{Bi81}.

\medskip
In all cases we have shown that $M\cap gMg^{-1}$ is cyclic. Hence $M$ is cyclonormal in $G$.
\end{proof}

\medskip
Below we give an example to show that Theorem \ref{s} does not extend to
a subgroup $M$ of $G$ generated by $2k-1$ of the $2k$ generators of $G$,
even in cases where $M$ is free on those generators.

\medskip\noindent{\bf Example}
Let $$G=\<
a_1,b_1,a_2,b_2~:~[a_1,b_1][a_2,b_2]=b_1^4a_2^{-1}b_1^3a_2b_1^2a_2^{-1}b_1^3a_2=1\>.$$
Then the second relator $R\equiv
b_1^4a_2b_1^3a_2^{-1}b_1^2a_2b_1^3a_2^{-1}$ has exponent-sum $0$
in $a_2$, so the Freiheitssatz for one-relator surface groups
\cite[Proposition 3.10]{How} implies that $M=\<a_1,b_1,b_2\>$
embeds in $G$ via the natural map. On the other hand, Collins
\cite{Col04} shows that $R=1\Rightarrow b_1^6=a_2^{-1}b_1^6a_2$.
Note also that $[a_1,b_1][a_2,b_2]=1\Rightarrow
a_2^{-1}b_2a_2=b_2[a_1,b_1]$, so that the nonabelian free subgroup
$\<b_1^6,b_2[a_1,b_1]\>$ of $M$ is identified in $G$ with the
subgroup $\<a_2^{-1}b_1^6a_2,a_2^{-1}b_2a_2\>$ of $a_2Ma_2^{-1}$.
Hence $M\cap_G a_2Ma_2^{-1}$ is not cyclic, so $M$ is not
cyclonormal in $G$.

\section{Intersections of Magnus subgroups in one-relator surface groups}\label{except}

Our aim in this section is to prove the analogue of the Theorem
\ref{col1} of Collins for one-relator surface groups.

\begin{Theorem}\label{ss}
The intersection $M_1\cap_GM_2$ of two compatible Magnus subgroups
$M_1$ and $M_2$ of the one-relator surface group $G$ is the free
product of $(M_1\cap_{\Sigma}M_2)$ with a cyclic group. That is,
$$M_1\cap_GM_2=(M_1\cap_{\Sigma}M_2)\ast C.$$
\end{Theorem}

\begin{proof}
Without loss of generality, we may suppose that
$$G=\langle a_1, b_1,\ldots , a_k, b_k~:~[a_1, b_1]\cdots[a_k, b_k]=R=1\rangle,$$
$$M_1= \langle a_1, b_1,\ldots , a_{k-1},b_{k-1}\rangle ,$$
$$M_2=\langle a_2, b_2,\ldots , a_k,b_k\rangle.$$

By Lemma \ref{sl}, we may assume that $a_1, a_k$ appear in $R$
with exponent sum zero, that is, $$\sigma (R,a_1)=0=\sigma
(R,a_k).$$

Note that $$\Sigma =M_1\ast _{M_0}M_2$$ where $M_0=M_1\cap_{\Sigma }M_2$.

\bigskip
By definition of Magnus subgroup, $R$ is not conjugate to an
element of $M_1$ or of $M_2$.  Hence we may assume that $R\in
\Sigma=M_1\ast_{M_0}M_2$ is a cyclically reduced word of length
greater than 1 (with respect to the amalgamated free product
length function).

We apply an amended form of Hempel's trick as follows.  The kernel
$K$ of $\sigma(-,a_k):\Sigma\to\mathbb{Z}$ has an induced graph-of-groups
decomposition as an infinite amalgamated free product of
$\tilde{M_2}=K\cap M_2$ and the groups $a_k^nM_1a_k^{-n}$ for
$n\in\mathbb{Z}$, amalgamating the copy of $a_k^nM_0a_k^{-n}$ in
$a_k^nM_1a_k^{-n}$ with that in $\tilde{M_2}$. Choose a conjugate
$\tilde{R}$ of $R$ that belongs to the subgroup $K_0$ of $K$
generated by $\tilde{M_2}$ and $a_k^nM_1a_k^{-n}$ for $0\le n\le
m$, and assume that all the choices have been made to minimize
$m$.   Then $G$ is an HNN-extension of the one-relator group
$\tilde{G}=K_0/\<\<\tilde{R}\>\>$, with stable letter $a_k$ and
associated subgroups $K_1=K_0\cap a_kK_0a_k^{-1}$, $K_2=K_0\cap
a_k^{-1}K_0a_k$.

\medskip
Clearly $M_1\cap_G M_2\subset M_1\cap_G \tilde{M_2}$. Note  also
that $M_1\subset K_0$.  If $m>0$ in the above construction, then
the join of $M_1$ and $\tilde{M_2}$ in $K_0$ is a Magnus subgroup
of the one-relator group $\tilde{G}$, from which it follows that
$$M_1\cap_G M_2=M_1\cap_{K_0}\tilde{M_2}=M_0.$$

\medskip
Hence we are reduced to the situation where $m=0$ in the HNN
construction. Now $M_0$ is a free factor of $\tilde{M_2}$, so we
can write $\tilde{M_2}=M_0*F$ for some free group $F$, and then we
also have $K_0=M_1*F$.

We now essentially repeat the above argument, with $a_1$ replacing
$a_k$. Specifically, let $N$ be the kernel of
$\sigma(-,a_1):K_0\to\mathbb{Z}$. Then $N$ is the free product of
$\tilde{M_1}=M_1\cap N$ and the groups $F_n:=a_1^nFa_1^{-n}$ for
$n\in\mathbb{Z}$.   Choosing a suitable conjugate $\hat{R}$ of
$\tilde{R}$, we may assume that
$$\hat{R}\in\tilde{M_1}*F_0*F_1*\cdots F_p$$ with all choices made
to minimize $p$. Then $\tilde{G}$ is an HNN-extension of the
one-relator group $\hat{G}=(\tilde{M_1}*F_0*F_1*\cdots
F_p)/\<\<\hat{R}\>\>$ with stable letter $a_1$.

Arguing as before, $M_1\cap_G\tilde{M_2}\subset\tilde{M_1}\cap_G\tilde{M_2}$.
Moreover, $\tilde{M_2}\subset F_0$.  If $p>0$, then the join of
$\tilde{M_1}$ and $F_0$ in $N$ is a Magnus subgroup of $\hat{G}$,
from which it follows that $$\tilde{M_1}\cap_G\tilde{M_2}=\tilde{M_1}\cap_N\tilde{M_2}=M_0.$$

Hence we are reduced to the case where $p=0$.

Now $$\tilde{M_1}=M_0\ast L$$ where  $L$ is a free group.
Also $$\tilde{M_2}=M_0\ast F_0,$$
and
$$\hat G=(M_0\ast F_0\ast L)/\<\<\hat{R}\>\>.$$
Therefore $$M_1\cap_GM_2=\tilde{M_1}\cap \tilde{M_2}=(M_0\ast
F_0)\cap_{\hat{G}} (M_0\ast L).$$ Since $\hat G$ is a one-relator
group, Collins' Theorem  \ref{col1} applies, and so
$$M_1\cap_GM_2=M_0\ast C$$ with $C$ cyclic, as required.
\end{proof}

\medskip
The proof of Theorem \ref{ss}
shows that Magnus subgroups can have exceptional
intersection only in very restricted circumstances - where
$R\in M_0*F_0*L$ in the notation of the proof.  Moreover, in that
case it is equivalent to a pair of Magnus subgroups in a one-relator
group having exceptional intersection.  We can use this to generate
examples of exceptional intersections of Magnus subgroups in
one-relator surface groups.

\medskip\noindent{\bf Example}
Let $G$ be the one-relator surface group
$$\< a_1,b_1,a_2,b_2 ~:~ [a_1,b_1][a_2,b_2]=a_1^{-2}b_1^4a_1^2a_2^{-2}b_2^{-3}
a_2^2a_1^{-2}b_1^2a_1^2a_2^{-2}b_2^{-3}a_2^2=1\>.$$
If $x=a_1^{-2}b_1a_1^2$ and $y=a_2^{-2}b_2a_2$, then the second relation
is $x^4y^{-3}x^2y^{-3}=1$.  Collins \cite{Col04} shows that $x^6=y^6$
is a consequence of that relation.
If $M_1=\<a_1,b_1\>$ and $M_2=\<a_2,b_2\>$, then $x^6\in M_1$ and
$y^6\in M_2$.   Hence $M_1$ and $M_2$ have exceptional
intersection in $G$.

\medskip The strong restrictions on exceptional intersection that
arise in the proof of Theorem \ref{ss} also give rise to a proof of
Theorem \ref{alg}, which we sketch below

\begin{Theorem}\label{alg}
There is an algorithm which will decide, given a one-relator surface
group $G$ and two Magnus subgroups $M_1,M_2$, whether or not $M_1$
and $M_2$ have exceptional intersection in $G$.  If the intersection
is exceptional, the algorithm will provide a generator for the free
factor $C$ in the statement of Theorem \ref{ss}.
\end{Theorem}

\medskip\noindent{\em Sketch proof.}
The theorem is proved by noting that each step in the proof of Theorem \ref{ss}
can be carried out algorithmically.

We may assume that the one-relator surface group has the form
$$\<a_1,b_1,\dots,a_k,b_k~:~[a_1,b_1]\cdots[a_k,b_k]=R=1\>,$$
where $R$ is a word in the generators.

The first step is a basis-change in the free group $\<a_1,b_1\>$
to allow us to assume that $\sigma(R,a_1)=0$.  The euclidean
algorithm transforms the vector $(\sigma(R,a_1),\sigma(R,b_1))\in\mathbb{Z}^2$
to a vector of the form $(0,\ell)$ using integer elementary column
operations, which can be lifted to Nielsen operations on $\<a_1,b_1\>$
in the standard way.  Thus the basis-change operation of Lemma \ref{sl}
can be performed algorithmically, and so we may assume without further
ado that $\sigma(R,a_1)=0$, and similarly that $\sigma(R,a_k)=0$.

The rewrites $R\to\tilde{R}\to\hat{R}$ in the proof of Theorem \ref{ss}
are entirely mechanical processes, as is the choice of a suitable
cyclic conjugate in each case.  Thus the non-negative integers
$m,p$ occurring in the proof can be algorithmically computed.
Should either be strictly positive, then we can stop, declaring the
intersection to be non-exceptional.

Hence we may assume that $m=p=0$, so that (up to conjugation),
$R\in M_0*F_0*L$ in the notation of the proof of Theorem \ref{ss}.
Now $F_0$ and $L$ are free groups of infinite rank, so in order to
handle this situation algorithmically we must replace them by appropriate
finite rank free groups.  In practice, one can algorithmically generate
finite sets $B_1,B_2$ that are subsets of bases of $F_0,L$ respectively,
and such that $R$ can be expressed (up to conjugacy) as a word in
$M_0*\<B_1\>*\<B_2\>$.

Now apply the algorithm of \cite[Theorem E]{How05} to the one-relator group
$(M_0*\<B_1\>*\<B_2\>)/\<\<R\>\>$ to decide whether or not the intersection
is exceptional.  If so, the algorithm provides a generator $\gamma$ for the
exceptional free factor, in terms of our chosen basis for $M_0$
together with $B_1\cup B_2$.  Finally, we translate $\gamma$ into a
word in the original generators $a_1,b_1,\dots,a_k,b_k$ of $G$ to complete
the algorithm.

\section{Intersections of conjugates of Magnus subgroups of one-relator surface groups}\label{conj}

 In this section we prove the analogue of Theorem \ref{col2}.

\begin{Theorem}\label{sss}
Let $G$ be a one-relator surface group and let $M_1$ and $M_2$ be
two compatible Magnus subgroups of $G$. Let $g\in G$. Then $M_1\cap_G
gM_2g^{-1}$ is cyclic unless $g\in M_1M_2$.
\end{Theorem}

\begin{proof}
As in the proof of Theorem \ref{ss}, we assume that
$$G=\langle a_1, b_1,\ldots , a_k, b_k:[a_1, b_1]\cdots[a_k, b_k]=R=1\rangle,$$
$M_1=\<a_1, b_1,\ldots , a_{k-1},b_{k-1}\>$ and $M_2=\<a_2,
b_2,\ldots , a_k,b_k\>$. We also assume, by virtue of Lemma
\ref{sl}, that $\sigma(R,a_1)=\sigma(R,a_k)=0$.

Let $g\in G$.  Note that for any $m,n\in \mathbb{Z}$ we may
replace $g$ by $g'=a_1^mga_k^n$, since $M_1\cap
g'M_2(g')^{-1}=M_1\cap gM_2g^{-1}$. Hence we may assume that
$\sigma(g,a_1)=0=\sigma(g,a_k)$.

With the same notation as in the proof of Theorem \ref{ss}, we
express $G$ as an HNN extension of a one-relator group
$\tilde{G}=K_0/\<\<\tilde{R}\>\>$, with stable letter $a_k$ and
associated subgroups $K_1$, $K_2$, where  $K_0$ is generated by
$\tilde{M_2}=M_2\cap\mathrm{Ker}(\sigma(-,a_k))$ together with
$a_k^nM_1a_k^{-n}$ for $0\le n\le m$, for some $m\ge 0$. In
particular $M_1\subset K_0$.

Note that, since $M_1\subset\mathrm{Ker}(\sigma(-,a_k))$, we have
$$M_1\cap_G gM_2g^{-1}=M_1\cap_G g\tilde{M_2}g^{-1}\subset \tilde{G}\cap_G g\tilde{G}g^{-1}.$$

Now $G$ acts on the Bass-Serre tree $T$ arising from this HNN
description. The stabilizers of the vertices are conjugates of
$\tilde G$ and the stabilizers of the edges are conjugates of
$K_1$ (and hence also of $K_2$). Let $u$ be a vertex of $T$ such
that $\tilde G=Stab(u)$, and let $e_1,e_2$ be two edges of $T$
incident at $u$ such that $K_1=Stab(e_1)$ and $K_2=Stab(e_2)$.

Now suppose that $g\notin\tilde{G}$.  Then $M_1\cap_G
gM_2g^{-1}\subset \tilde{G}\cap_G g\tilde{G}g^{-1}$ stabilises the
(nonempty) geodesic path $P$ in $T$ from $u$ to $g(u)$. Moreover,
since $\sigma(g,a_k)=0$, this path has even length and contains
the same number of forward-pointing and backward-pointing edges.
In particular, there is an intermediate vertex $v$ in $P$ which is
either the source of both the incident edges of $P$ or the target
of both the incident edges of $P$. We assume the latter.  (The
analysis of the former case is analogous.)

If $v=h(u)$, then the stabilisers of the edges of $P$ incident at
$v$ have the form $hsK_2s^{-1}h^{-1}$ and $htK_2t^{-1}h^{-1}$ for
some $s,t\in\tilde{G}$ with $s^{-1}t\notin K_2$.
By Bagherzadeh's Theorem \ref{b}, $sK_2s^{-1}\cap_{\tilde{G}}tK_2t^{-1}$
is cyclic, and hence the stabiliser of $P$ is cyclic, and the result
follows.

\medskip
Thus we are reduced to the case where $g\in\tilde{G}$.
But in that case $M_1$ and $\tilde{M_2}$ are Magnus subgroups of the one-relator group $\tilde{G}$, and
$$M_1\cap_G gM_2g^{-1} = M_1\cap_{\tilde{G}} g\tilde{M_2}g^{-1},$$
which is cyclic by Collins' Theorem \ref{col2}, unless
$$g\in M_1\cdot\tilde{M_2}\subseteq M_1\cdot M_2.$$

\end{proof}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


- Iita and the story of Yarn - puppet guide for preschools and 1-2 classes tells about children in the factory.
- tour at the Ronttismäki Workers' House museum tells how the life was 100-50 years ago. Available during May, August and September.
- Let's go to the museum -week in October is for the upper school, with the theme media at museum.
Materials to plan your visit can be found in Pedanet. Opi museossa -site gives further ideas about using museums in education (in Finnish).
The Spinning Mill is a good attraction even for bigger groups. The 19th century industrial architecture, beautiful parks, Forssa museum and Nature museum, Exhibition space Vinkkeli, the workshops of fine art school and even the bowling alley offer plenty of thing to do, even for the entire day.
Please contact us in good time so that we can tailor your day! Tel +358-33-4141 5838 or by email.


Appellant Anthony Simon challenges the trial court's grant of no-evidence summary judgment to appellees, Pentair Valves & Controls U.S. LP and Kelly Services, Inc., as to Simon's retaliation and intentional-injury claims. Simon contends the trial court erred in granting the summary judgment motions because he produced enough evidence to show that a genuine issue of material fact existed for each claim. We hold the trial court did not err by granting the appellees' no-evidence motions for summary judgment because Simon failed to produce more than a scintilla of evidence as to the elements challenged as insufficient by appellees in their motions. Specifically, we hold Simon failed to produce sufficient evidence for his retaliation claim because he failed to show that his employment was terminated, or that any termination was causally linked to his filing of a workers' compensation claim. Furthermore, as to his intentional-injury claim, we hold that Simon failed to produce evidence that either of the appellees had the requisite intent to injure him. We therefore affirm the trial court's grant of no-evidence summary judgment to both appellees.
Pentair Valves & Controls U.S. LP provides flow management solutions to industries around the world. To assist with increases in work flow or particular projects, Pentair frequently utilizes temporary workers. Kelly Services, Inc. is in the business of, among other things, providing temporary workers to its customers. At the time of the events in this case, Kelly Services was providing Pentair with temporary workers. Kelly Services hired Simon in August 2012 and placed him with Pentair in May 2013, as a temporary worker in one of Pentair's warehouse facilities.
According to medical records and Cheryl Davis, a staffing agent at Kelly Services during the time, Simon became ill and broke out in a skin rash due to what Simon described as contact with contaminated crates in Pentair's warehouse. As a result, Simon filed a workers' compensation claim and was given medical treatment. Simon's treating physician diagnosed him with "contact dermatitis and other eczema" from an "unspecified cause." Simon was prescribed medication and told to have "no contact with other people until all rashes [were dried] out and no more new rash[es] appear[ed]." According to Theresa Borzik, a claims specialist with Kelly Services' workers' compensation insurer, Simon was cleared to return to work on May 17, because Simon had reached "maximum medical improvement." He was cleared by Kelly Services to return to the same work he had been doing before. Simon continued to present himself for follow-up medical appointments, alleging re-exposure, and received additional treatment between May 28 and June 17, 2013, as a result. In June, Simon's treatment ended and he was cleared to return to work with no restrictions; in July, his workers' compensation claim was closed.
Simon continued to work at Pentair's facility in July and August, where he worked alongside other temporary workers, including Spencer Robertson. In September, Simon alleged he sustained an injury while working and filed another workers' compensation claim; the medical records indicate this injury was a bite on the arm caused by a nonvenomous insect. At this time, Simon was given medicine and restricted to minimal use of his right arm for a few days. A month later, in November, Simon reported another injury. The diagnosis was another nonvenomous insect bite to his arm. The medical report indicated that no medication was needed because Simon had reached "maximum medical improvement." Simon continued to work at Pentair's facility for a few more weeks, at which point he was informed that he would no longer be needed at Pentair. Simon claims he was terminated in December 2013, but both appellees claim he ceased working at Pentair in November 2013, because Pentair's temporary assignment was completed. Kelly Services later placed Simon with another company as a temporary employee, where he remained until June 2014 when he was hired on a permanent basis.
In September 2015, Simon sued both Pentair and Kelly Services, asserting multiple claims. In response, both appellees filed traditional motions for summary judgment as to Simon's claims based on the exclusive-remedy provision of the Texas Workers' Compensation Act ("TWCA"). After the trial court granted the motions, Simon filed his second and third amended petitions, alleging retaliatory discharge and an intentional tort. Simon disputed the reason for his dismissal from Pentair and contended he was retaliated against because of his workers' compensation claims, in violation of the TWCA. Simon also contended he was intentionally injured by appellees because after his first outbreak, they knew with substantial certainty that he would be injured from continuing to work with moldy crates. As alleged by Simon, appellees forced him to continue working with the crates anyway, causing his illness to worsen to such a degree that he had to be hospitalized.
Each appellee filed a separate no-evidence motion for summary judgment. As to Simon's retaliation claim, appellees asserted there was no evidence that Simon's employment was (1) terminated or (2) terminated because Simon filed a workers' compensation claim. As to Simon's intentional-tort claim, each of the appellees asserted there was no evidence of any intentional conduct by it. The trial court granted each no-evidence motion for summary judgment as to both of Simon's claims. The trial court also signed orders sustaining objections to Simon's proffered summary judgment evidence. Simon then filed this appeal.
Simon contends that the trial court erred when it granted both appellees no-evidence summary judgment on his retaliation and intentional-tort claims. We conclude Simon did not meet his burden of presenting more than a scintilla of probative evidence raising a genuine issue of material fact as to the elements challenged by appellees in their summary judgment motions.


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text:
Art Against Art
Bulletins of The Serving Library
Cahiers Charles Fourier
Cahiers Maurice Blanchot
Celebrity Cafe
Espace art actuel
Espace(s)
Féros
Inter, art actuel
Jungle Juice
La Tranchée Racine
Le son du grisli
Obliquite
Octopus notes
OpticalSound
PARIS, LA
Peeping Tom's Digest
Permanent Food
Prussian Blue
Revue & Corrigée
Soldes Almanac
Spectres
Volume! – The French journal of popular music studies
Mobile Album International – In between #01
miscellaneous [see all issues]
back to description download PDF table of contents
Anselm Jappe – Situationists and separations
(p. 110-114)
© the author, Mobile Album
Forty years ago, when Guy Debord published Society of Spectacle, he also aimed to sum up situationist theory. The first chapter is named The culmination of Separation, and all along the book the concept of separation constantly comes back, along with those that relate to it : scission, specialization, isolation, or, on the contrary, unification. The controversial concept of spectacle is in itself a variant of the concept of separation : it highlights the separation between actors and spectators — and hence between managers and underlings in general — and the socially organized passivity that follows from it. Giving such centrality to the Critique of Separation (title of a 1961 film by Debord) was absolutely coherent for Debord. From the beginning the central claim of the young lettrists, and then the situationists (groups that were leaded by Debord) was to bound life to art. This did not mean giving a greater place to art in life, but searching to go beyond the separations between, on one side everyday life, economics and utility, and on the other art as the expression of a possible human fullness. Art had to be « realized », and to make that possible it was first necessary to go out of the art world, and change the whole society. It is because of this project, defended for over fifteen years (1957-1972), that the situationists have often been qualified as the last avant-garde. And yes, they did radically take up what used to be the deep tendency of the historical avant-garde : moving beyond art as a separate field. First, the modern artists wanted to override the barriers between the different art practices (painting, literature, music...) ; then they claimed not to be (solely) artists, refusing the confinement of art.
But a much more radical attempt was to « change life » so that the whole life would be up to art and all its promises. The situationists wanted to apply this in real life, raising back the banner of the Dadaists and surrealists. The everyday was to be the unitarian place for life, and its revolution the backbone of anything that pretended to go towards a non-alienated society. Art only had to melt into everyday life. It must be said that the situationists were not the only ones facing this idea. At the time when Debord was writing : "In a society without classes, could it be said, there will be no more painters, but situationists who would, among other things, be painting" (Report on the Construction of Situations, 1957), one of the members of Fluxus, Allan Kaprow, was saying : "Today's young artists do not need anymore to say :"I am a painter, or a poet, or a dancer". They are just artists". Situationists as well as Fluxus intended to use the legacy of art for the creation of an exciting everyday life, starting within experimental groups.
But appearances are deceptive. The situationists and Fluxus set similar issues, but their projects were not close — and not just because of some "missed meeting". For a better understanding of this, the habit of locking the situationists in one of art history's drawers labeled "anti-art" should be given-up. The adventure of the situationists was not only driven by the legacy of avantgarde art, but also just as much by the thought of a possible revival of a revolutionary working-class movement, and of Marxist theory. Their aim was to achieve a "radical separation from the world of separation" (Society of Spectacle, § 119). The situationists — and that was one of their strong points — read again the revolutionary project through modern art, and viceversa. Given the fact that this aspect of situationist activity is now likely to become less known, it might be worth taking a glance backwards to understand the controversial relationship between a certain minority Marxist tradition and modern science's tendency to always establish even more separations.
It is in the eighteenth century that "humanities" begun their process of differentiation and specialization, that went on uninterrupted until today. The proliferation of disciplines, fields, and objects of study left in charge of ever more specialized "experts", is today considered by bourgeois science as the basic guarantee of scientism for studies on mankind, finally stripped off of unverifiable philosophic speculation. The pilling-up of knowledge was the official pretext for the setting-up of disciplinary boundaries, as the central element of all positivist programs which have followed for nearly two centuries. The real reason of this determination is rather to be sought for in the desire to bring the study of mankind to "operationality" and " usefulness", so that it may be put to work for the new society based on labor : the goal was not so much to understand what mankind is — as it used to be in the tradition of philosophy — but to enhance the use of mankind. So as to have machine-man work at best, it is suitable for every engineer to take care of a single wheel — the same applies to medical science. This fundamental purpose of humanities always ends up covering up any other tendency that may rise within them, because it fits the social role they were designed for. Meanwhile, it reenacts the crumbling of modern life into separate fields (work / leisure ; private/public ; economics / politics ; art / seriousness ; and so on), unknown in previous times.
But, in time, the results obtained in this crumbling race turned out to be quite unsatisfactory, including from the point of view of a science only willing to present useful conclusions to its employers. So it steadily generates contradictory reactions. The machinery of science itself indulges into "interdisciplinarity". But, as the word suggests, this is all about fitting together pieces that have previously been carefully broken, and to have specialists talk together about the ways of linking after the fact scientific results that are useless because of their unidimensionality. So other attempts rise outside the walls of the university, reacting to a scientific spirit that has lost track not only of the forest, but also of the trees, and then the branches. Holistic thought, periodically reborn, sometimes manages to pin down efficiently the limits of official science. But its own search for "wholeness" always tends to suppose more or less religious "essences" that, as they cannot be proven, remain a question of faith. "Qualitative" thought goes by official science, just as modern irrationality follows modern rationalism like its shadow, without ever being able to go past it, and thus staying there as its distorting mirror.
The other attempt to oppose the shrinking of the study of mankind to the making of a toolbox goes back to the times when this shrinking began. It can be found in Hegel's first formulation of modern dialectical thought. Here, all the figures of knowledge are always transmuting one into an other, because they only are temporary forms of a continuously developing mind. With Marx, this way of describing reality looses its privileged reference to the world of representations. But it would be a deep mistake to consider the work of Marx as a work of "economics", or even to talk of a passage from philosophy to economics in the development of his work. The "critique of political economy" (the subtitle of Capital) is a large critique of life and production in capitalist society, building on its basic patterns (commodity, labor, value, money, capital). As opposed to a widespread idea, Marx does not analyze an economical "base" over which would rise "superstructures", such as religion, culture or family, for which other disciplines would be needed.
But that is what his followers did. Official Marxism rapidly gave up the dialectic reflection of totality that was at the core of the method of Marx. Using bourgeois science as a model, Marxism developed "Marxist economics", "Marxist history", "Marxist philosophy", and so on. The first to oppose this trivialization of the theory of Marx was Georg Lukàcs in 1923 in his book History and Class-consciousness. He reminded that Marx's theory is an analysis of modern society as a whole comprised by commodity-form, that tends to weigh on every manifestation of human life. This interpretation has been taken up by various forms of "heretical" Marxism, including the Frankfurt School and the situationists, and contemporary "critique of value". The Society of Spectacle is strongly influenced by Lukács. The category of totality implies that a social phenomenon is but a stage of a dynamic process. But for official Marxism, as for bourgeois science, facts have to be studied on their own first, in their independence, and only then comment on their "reciprocal effects". As opposed to dialectical theory, bourgeois science and Marxism shaped on the same model do not consider politics and economics, state and market, individuals and society, capital and labor existing only as opposed factors, as opposed ends of a relationship that contains them (in modern society, it is commodity as a "crystallization" of labor) and will just as well melt them. If dominant thought rejects the concept of totality as "non-scientific" (or even bound to "totalitarianism") and makes fun of it as a "vague supposition that everything is likely to have some kind of relationship with everything" (Adorno), other reasons may be suspected. Indeed, in this way it avoids having to state a global judgment, and for instance to conclude that western democracies, fascism, Stalinism, and nationalist third-world regimes are in the end just different shapes or different stages of the global development of commodity.
It is against this default of totality that the situationists stood up. For them, "workers" should "refuse the totality of their misery, or else nothing" (Society of Spectacle, § 122). Recomposing the totality that crumbled under the effect of commodification and spectacle, first in thought, then in practice, was the challenge of the situationists. But, according to them, it will not be possible to rebuild the social totality, and to go past the separations that make modern alienation, without having art come back into life from which it was separated at the beginning of modern times. It was nostalgia for the lost unity of art and life, and the practical will to reenact it that allowed situationists to be more than an artistic avant-garde. If historical circumstances have not made possible the accomplishment of their program, at least they had the merit of having formulated it, and tried to put it into practice.
Translation Hervé Roelants


With growth still booming in the Okanagan, and climate change a potential threat, efforts are under way to determine the valley's long-term water supply.
The Okanagan Basin Water Board is currently in the midst of a study that will evaluate current and future water supplies from Osoyoos to Spallumcheen.
"Growth has prompted a lot of public concern about the amount of water in the valley," said Greg Armour, program manager, in a presentation to Vernon council Monday.
The last in-depth study on water supply was in 1974.
"We are looking out for the needs of the valley as a whole," said Anna Warwick Sears, water stewardship director.
While there may be some hesitation that possible water restrictions could negatively impact future development and businesses, Warwick Sears doesn't see it that way.
"Conservation as a tool can save a significant amount of water. But water does not need to be a limiting factor of the economy of the Okanagan," she said.
Once completed, the study will be used to access senior government grants for water-related initiatives, as well as possibly seeking additional water licenses on local lakes.
During the presentation, OBWB officials also indicated that Vernon is a leader when it comes to water conservation. Specific praise went to the spray irrigation program which sees treated effluent used to irrigate hay fields, parks and golf courses.
"It means that drinking water, fresh water, can be used for other purposes," said Warwick Sears.
Time was also spent discussing OBWB's milfoil harvesting program, and the lack of provincial funding.
"They don't contribute one red cent which is disgusting," said Coun. Barry Beardsell.


text:
Michelle, Our Belle!
"If farmers and blacksmiths could win independence from an empire, if immigrants could leave behind everything they knew for a better life on our shores, if women could be dragged to jail for seeking the vote, if a generation could defeat a depression and define greatness for all time, if a young preacher could lift us to the mountaintop with his righteous dream, and if proud Americans can be who they are and boldly stand at the altar with who they love, then surely, surely we can give everyone in this country a fair chance at that great American Dream."
In a sea of eloquence that are national political conventions, this statement rises above the rest. Its sweep, its passion and its vision would press the limits of the best of speech writers, but come to find out, in a rare departure, the author of these words was none other than the speech maker, herself: First Lady Michelle Obama.
The contrast between the authenticity, morally as well as factually, of the First Lady's speech and the downright lies that characterized almost all the speeches by the Republicans at their convention last week could not be sharper.
In fact, if as simple and valid a notion as authenticity were the measure of this election, then President Obama would win by a massive landslide. He might.
Never to my memory has one party, the GOP, resorted to so many lies, distortions and cover-ups to try to confuse and misdirect the American electorate.
Of course, they get credit for the biggest lie of the century so far, the infamous claim that there was a huge cache of "weapons of mass destruction" located about 30 minutes south of Baghdad. By repeating that one often enough that lie worked, going down as perhaps the most costly, in terms of human lives and the demolition of the U.S. federal budget, in history.
It's one thing for an enemy to face his adversary and say he wants to kill him for something he actually did. It's another to make up lies and attack someone for something he didn't do or say.
The GOP organized its entire national convention around a deliberate and knowing distortion of a comment by President Obama taken entirely out of context. It's "We Built That" theme was based on a snippet from a speech by Obama when he was talking about building national infrastructure. The GOP made it into an attack by Obama on individual initiative and achievement.
The same goes for the lies of Paul Ryan and Mitt Romney about Obama's stands on welfare and Medicare. It is doubly disingenuous for Ryan, the author of a controversial budget that moves Medicare to a dangerous voucher system, to cover himself by accusing the other guy, not him, of wanting to put senior citizens at risk.
When the non-partisan "fact checkers" call the Republicans out on their lies, the Republicans counter by saying that "maybe the fact checkers need fact checkers."
It is sad how many otherwise seemingly decent and intelligent human beings are willing to fall into line behind the GOP's "Big Lie" approach. I can only wonder when some will have had enough and begin breaking ranks. It has to be hard, at least for those with some real integrity.
Michelle Obama's speech came from the real circumstances of her and President Obama's lives, and those of their parents. The image of her father, stricken with Multiple Sclerosis but struggling to make it to work and back every day to pay for his children's education, was stunning.
The Obamas rose out of true disadvantage, contrasted to the Romneys or the Ryans. If the Romneys ate meals on an ironing board when young, as Ann Romney said in her speech last week, maybe it was because she didn't know what an ironing board was supposed to be for. As for Ryan working at McDonald's, it was not done out of necessity, but was a rich kid's college job.
Michelle Obama summed it up this way, "For Barack, success isn't about how much money you make, it's about the difference you make in people's lives."


text:
AQR International Equity Fund
Share Class: N
AQINX
change $0.06
daily return 0.57%
AUM $243MM
Seeks long-term capital appreciation.
A Unique Approach to Investing Outside the U.S.
International investing is about more than selecting stocks for a portfolio. Each stock also carries with it the embedded exposure to its country's overall equity market and currency. This Fund actively manages each of these risks as a potential source of return.
The Fund combines three sources of potential return: bottom-up stock and industry selection, top-down country selection, and top-down currency selection.
The Fund develops a ranking for each stock in the investable universe using a disciplined, systematic approach to analyze a wide variety of factors based on the underlying philosophy of value and momentum. It then develops an independent view of the attractiveness of countries and currencies as an overlay to the selection of individual stocks.
These rankings are compiled into a portfolio that takes into account trading costs and liquidity considerations. The portfolio is rebalanced in a manner that seeks to keep it in line with the desired characteristics while minimizing trading costs.
Trades are primarily executed in a highly automated and liquidity-providing manner in seeking to reduce the total cost of trading.
Why Invest in the AQR International Equity Fund?
Opportunity to Outperform
The Fund seeks to outperform the MSCI EAFE Index by over- and underweighting stocks and industries within countries. In addition, it independently manages active exposures to countries and currencies as additional sources of excess returns.
Active Risk Management
The Fund takes a controlled amount of risk relative to the benchmark. It is broadly diversified, seeking to benefit from numerous small and moderate-sized positions, rather than fewer, more concentrated bets.
A Disciplined Approach
The Fund invests using a systematic, rules-based process. The result is a portfolio constructed from historically proven drivers of return such as value, momentum, quality and other proprietary factors.
3.53% 17.76% 17.76% 6.69% 4.91% 5.17% 5.38% 1.11% 1.11%
MSCI EAFE
3.25% 22.01% 22.01% 9.56% 5.67% 5.50% 5.88%
A privately offered fund managed by the Adviser was reorganized into the International Equity Fund on August 28, 2009, the date the Fund commenced operations. This privately offered fund was organized in June 2004 and commenced operations in August 2004 and had an investment objective, investment policies and restrictions that were, in all material respects, the same as those of the Fund. However, the privately offered fund was not registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act. In addition, this privately offered fund was not subject to certain investment limitations, diversification requirements, liquidity requirements, and other restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act and the Code which, if applicable, might have adversely affected its performance. The Fund's performance for periods prior to the commencement of operations on or about August 28, 2009 is that of the privately offered fund.
The MSCI EAFE Index (Europe, Australia, Far East) is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure the equity market performance of developed markets, excluding the US and Canada. One cannot invest directly in an index.
AQR International Equity Fund: The Fund uses derivatives to manage its country and currency exposures. The use of derivatives exposes the Fund to additional risks including increased volatility, lack of liquidity, and possible losses greater than the Fund's initial investment as well as increased transaction costs. Foreign investing involves special risks such as currency fluctuations and political uncertainty.
John M. Liew
Founding Principal
B.A., University of Chicago
Michael Katz
Ph.D., A.M., Harvard University
B.A., Tel Aviv University
+ Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses reflect the expenses incurred indirectly by the Fund as a result of the Fund's investments in underlying money market mutual funds, exchange-traded funds or other pooled investment vehicles.
+ As stated in the prospectus, the Adviser has contractually agreed to reimburse operating expenses of the Fund in an amount sufficient to limit Other Expenses in the table above at no more than 0.20% for Class N Shares at least through January 28, 2020. "Other Expenses" include all Fund operating expenses other than management fees and 12b-1 fees and exclude interest, taxes, dividends on short sales, borrowing costs, acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense relating to short sales, expenses related to class action claims and extraordinary expenses. The Expense Limitation Agreement may be terminated with the consent of the Board of Trustees.
Foreign and Emerging Market investing involves special risks such as currency fluctuations and political uncertainty. Funds that emphasize investments in small and mid-cap companies generally will experience greater price volatility. The Adviser from time to time employs various hedging techniques, it is not possible to hedge fully or perfectly against any risk, and hedging entails its own costs.
This Fund is not suitable for all investors. An investor considering the Funds should be able to tolerate potentially wide price fluctuations. The Funds may attempt to increase its income or total return through the use of securities lending, and they may be subject to the possibility of additional loss as a result of this investment technique.
An investment in the Fund is subject to risks, including the possibility that the value of the Fund's portfolio holdings may fluctuate in response to events specific to the companies in which the Fund invests, as well as economic, political or social events in the United States or abroad.


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Pension in the silent side of village. In the pension there is: kitchen with dining room (cooker, microwave oven, fridge with freezer, 2x dishwasher), fitness, gym. Internet access Wi-Fi. Small childrens bed available. Non-smoking accommodation.
Cottage in a mountain area in the district Terezín. Terrace, garden furniture, garden furniture, garden grill, sandpit, pool. Internet access Wi-Fi (on request). Electrical heating. Surcharge for consumed energy.
Pension in the village. In the pension there is: restaurant, summer terrace. Parking - closed, free of charge..
Pension in the centre of village near highway. In the pension there is restaurant (breakfast only), solarium, massages, ski rental, mountain bike rental. Wi-Fi internet access. Parking - unguarded, free of charge. Train (station Harrachov) 3km.
Pension in a recreation area near a dam. In the pension / complex there is restaurant, terrace, internet access Wi-Fi, party game rental, Parking (snow chains in winter). Bus 700m. Train (station Horní Planá) 400m..
Family hotel in the centre of a town. In the hotel / complex there is cofee bar, entrance hall with TV-SAT, lounge, reception (souvenir shop, copy-machine, fax), dayroom. Internet access included in the price. Small childrens bed available. Storage room for bikes and ski equipment.


Kirei's shimmer sequin sweat is a showstopper party piece with a difference - sequins applied to a relaxed, daytime silhouette gives this top a very cool look. Wear with pretty much anything. Keep jewelry to a minimal.


text:
Jazz Raycole
Actress | Soundtrack
Jazz Raycole is a professionally trained dancer. By four years of age, she was involved in dance competitions, and has trained with many top choreographers. She is currently dancing under the ... read full biography
Known for Jericho (2006-2008), My Wife and Kids (2001-2002), The Quad (2017-2018), Waiting to Exhale (1995)
imdb.me/jazzraycole
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