text:
History of the National Hockey League (1992–present)
The Columbus Blue Jackets face the St. Louis Blues in 2008.
The National Hockey League (NHL) has endured a tumultuous period of history in recent years. It has grown from 22 teams in 1992 to 31 today (32 in 2021) as the league expanded across the United States. Repeated labour conflicts interrupted play in 1992, 1994–95, 2004–05 and 2012–13; the second lockout caused the entire 2004–05 NHL season to be canceled, the first time in North American history that a sports league has canceled an entire season in a labour dispute. Nine franchises were added between 1991 and 2000, comprising the San Jose Sharks, Ottawa Senators, Tampa Bay Lightning, Florida Panthers, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Nashville Predators, Atlanta Thrashers, Columbus Blue Jackets and the Minnesota Wild. The Vegas Golden Knights were added in 2017, and a team in Seattle is expected to begin play in 2021. In additions to expansion teams, five franchises have relocated during this time: the Minnesota North Stars became the Dallas Stars (1993), the Quebec Nordiques became the Colorado Avalanche (1995), the Winnipeg Jets became the Phoenix Coyotes (1996), the Hartford Whalers became the Carolina Hurricanes (1997), and the Atlanta Thrashers became the second franchise known as the Winnipeg Jets (2011).
In 1993, the Montreal Canadiens celebrated the Stanley Cup's 100th anniversary with their 24th championship. They remain the last Canadian team to capture the trophy. The 1994 New York Rangers broke the Curse of 1940, winning their first title in 54 years. The renaissance of the Original Six would continue as the Detroit Red Wings (Stanley Cup winners in 1997, 1998, 2002 and 2008), Chicago Blackhawks (winners in 2010, 2013 and 2015) and Boston Bruins (winners in 2011) broke lengthy Cup droughts of 42, 47 and 39 seasons, respectively. Meanwhile, the NHL's southern expansion, often maligned by Canadians and fans in the Northeastern United States, has led to championships by the Dallas Stars, Tampa Bay Lightning, Carolina Hurricanes and Anaheim Ducks in the last decade, with the Los Angeles Kings, Washington Capitals and St. Louis Blues following suit.
Manon Rheaume became the first female player in the NHL when she suited up for the Lightning in a 1992 pre-season game. Wayne Gretzky passed Gordie Howe as the NHL's all-time leading scorer in 1994 when he scored his 802nd career goal. Mario Lemieux overcame Hodgkin's lymphoma to finish his NHL career with more than 1,700 points and two championships, and now owns the Pittsburgh Penguins. Today's NHL is led by arguably its three biggest young stars: Sidney Crosby of the Pittsburgh Penguins, Alexander Ovechkin of the Washington Capitals, and Connor McDavid of the Edmonton Oilers.
The Canada Cup gave way to the World Cup of Hockey in 1996, while NHL players first competed in the 1998 Winter Olympics. To promote itself worldwide, the NHL played regular season games in Japan in 1996, and throughout Europe since 2007. The league played its first outdoor regular season game between the Canadiens and the host Edmonton Oilers in 2003 and which led to the creation of three series of outdoor games: the Heritage Classic, Winter Classic and Stadium Series.
Increased use of defence-focused systems contributed to decreased scoring in the late 1990s, leading some to argue that the NHL's talent pool had been diluted by the 1990 expansion plan. The league has attempted several times to alter its rules to increase scoring. It began awarding teams a single point for losing in overtime in 1999, hoping to reduce the number of tie games. In 2005, ties were eliminated altogether as the penalty shootout was introduced to ensure that all games have a winner.
Part of a series on the
History of the NHL
Founding (1917–1942)
Original Six (1942–1967)
Expansion era (1967–1992)
Modern era (1992–present)
Ice hockey portal
2 Expansion
2.1 1994–95 lockout
3 Dead puck era
3.1 Mario Lemieux
4 2004–05 lockout
5 Recent years
5.1 Debut of Crosby and Ovechkin
5.2 Penguins, Blackhawks and Kings dominate
5.3 Two first time champions
5.4 Going Outdoors
5.5 NHL Premiere Challenge and Olympic Participation
5.6 Coyotes bankruptcy, Thrashers relocation, Vegas and Seattle additions
6 Rules and innovations
7 Timeline
Gary Bettman, pictured in 2008, joined the NHL as its first commissioner in 1993.
As the 1990s began, players were uneasy with the closeness between National Hockey League Players Association (NHLPA) executive director Alan Eagleson and the teams' owners. As a result, Eagleson stepped down in December 1991, and was replaced by Bob Goodenow.[1] Four years later, the Federal Bureau of Investigation indicted Eagleson on charges of racketeering, fraud, embezzlement, kickbacks and obstruction of justice over allegations that he stole millions of dollars from the NHLPA. Eagleson pleaded guilty in 1998 in a plea bargain and was fined US$1 million and sentenced to 18 months in prison.[2] He subsequently resigned from the Hockey Hall of Fame.[1]
Four months after replacing Eagleson, Goodenow and the NHLPA launched the first NHL strike on April 1, 1992. It lasted ten days and resulted in the players receiving larger playoff bonuses, increased control over the licensing of their likenesses and improved rights to free agency; all canceled games were also rescheduled. It also led the owners to dismiss league president John Ziegler and replace him on an interim basis with Gil Stein. Goodenow called the strike a major moment, stating "I don't think the owners took the players seriously and it wasn't until the strike that they understood the players were serious."[3] As part of the deal, the league also agreed to have each team play two games per season for the following two years in neutral site locations, partially to help gauge markets for potential expansion.[4]
Desiring a fresh start, the owners replaced Stein with Gary Bettman in February 1993. Formerly a senior vice president of the National Basketball Association, Bettman replaced the position of president with that of commissioner.[3] He was given the task of selling the game to the American market, ending labor unrest, completing expansion plans, and modernizing the league.[5]
Expansion[edit]
The acquisition of Patrick Roy helped lead the Colorado Avalanche to a Stanley Cup championship in 1996.
The Tampa Bay Lightning and Ottawa Senators joined the league in 1992–93 as part of the owners' 1990 plan to expand the NHL to 28 teams within a decade.[6] The Lightning made NHL history when goaltender Manon Rheaume played a period of an exhibition game for them on September 23, 1992. Rheaume became the first woman to play in an NHL game. She also became the first woman to sign a professional hockey contract, doing so with the Lightning's farm team, the Atlanta Knights.[7] One year later, the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and Florida Panthers began play as the NHL's 25th and 26th franchises. They were established as part of the NHL's attempt to regain a U.S. network television presence by expanding into southern North America. The league expected that bringing in Blockbuster Video's Wayne Huizenga to own the Panthers, and The Walt Disney Company to own the Mighty Ducks would raise its profile.[8] The NHL's southward push continued in 1993 when the Minnesota North Stars moved to Dallas, Texas to become the Dallas Stars.[9]
The NHL celebrated the 100th anniversary of the Stanley Cup in 1993. That year's finals featured Patrick Roy and the Montreal Canadiens against Wayne Gretzky and the Los Angeles Kings. After losing the first game, the Canadiens rallied from a late deficit to win game two in overtime after the Kings' Marty McSorley was penalized for using an illegal stick. Montreal scored on the power play, sending the game into overtime.[10] Montreal won games three and four in overtime en route to winning the series in five games. The Canadiens won an NHL-record ten consecutive overtime games in the 1993 playoffs.[11]
The New York Rangers ended their "Curse of 1940" after 54 years by winning the 1994 Stanley Cup in seven games over the Vancouver Canucks. The Rangers' championship was the last hurrah for the great Edmonton Oilers dynasty of the 1980s, as there were seven ex-Oilers on the team,[12] including Mark Messier, who became the first (and to this date, the only) player to win Stanley Cups as the captain for two franchises, having captained the Oilers to the last of their five Stanley Cups in 1990. The Rangers' victory also resulted in the first Russian names to be engraved on the Stanley Cup: Alexei Kovalev, Alexander Karpovtsev, Sergei Nemchinov, and Sergei Zubov.[13] The global audience of 285 million in 120 countries that watched the Rangers' victory included a huge European audience, including those watching across the former Soviet Union.[13][14] This Stanley Cup win was the highest-rated single CBC Sports program in history to that point.[15]
1994–95 lockout[edit]
Main article: 1994–95 NHL lockout
Four months later, the players were locked out by the owners due to the lack of a Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA). The 1994–95 NHL lockout lasted 104 days and resulted in the season's being shortened from a planned 84 games to 48.[16] The owners wanted to control salary growth and insisted on a salary cap, changes to free agency and salary arbitration. The union instead proposed a luxury tax system that would penalize teams that spent above a set figure on player salaries.[16] The negotiations were at times bitter, as defenceman Chris Chelios famously issued a veiled threat against Bettman, suggesting that he should be "worried about [his] family and [his] well-being", because "some crazed fans, or even a player [...] might take matters into their own hands and figure they get Bettman out of the way."[17]
The lockout entered its fourth month in January 1995 and approached a deadline that would have canceled the season when the two sides agreed to an 11th-hour deal.[18] The owners failed to achieve a full salary cap, but the union agreed to a cap on rookie contracts, changes to the arbitration system and restrictive rules for free agency that would not grant a player the unrestricted right to choose where he played until age 31.[16] The deal was initially seen as a victory for the owners.[19]
The agreement was not enough to save two teams in Canada's smallest NHL markets. The revenue disparity between large and small market teams, exacerbated by the falling value of the Canadian dollar, led the Winnipeg Jets to relocate to Phoenix, Arizona in 1996, becoming the Coyotes one year after the Quebec Nordiques moved to Denver, Colorado to become the Colorado Avalanche.[20] Hoping to prevent other teams from leaving Canada, and citing the cost of doing business in American dollars while taking revenue in Canadian dollars, the NHL set up a currency assistance plan to support the remaining small market Canadian teams in 1996.[21] The Hartford Whalers became the third former World Hockey Association team to relocate in 1997, moving to Raleigh, North Carolina, to become the Carolina Hurricanes.[22]
Dead puck era[edit]
Following the 1994–95 lockout, the NHL entered a prolonged period of offensive decline. Throughout the 1980s, 7.6 goals were scored per game on average. That figure had dropped below six goals per game by the 1994–95 season, and to 5.19 by 1998–99.[23] There have been many arguments put forth as to what caused this decline. A common claim is that the drop in offence was due to dilution of talent caused by 1990s expansion, a position former player Brett Hull endorsed.[24] Increased use of the neutral zone trap and similar defensive systems were also blamed.[25] The New Jersey Devils have often been criticized for popularizing the trap, using it to win the Stanley Cup in 1995.[26] This period has been called the dead puck era.[25][27]
The Canada Cup gave way to the World Cup of Hockey in 1996, an NHL-sanctioned eight team international tournament featuring the top professionals in the world. The inaugural tournament saw the United States upset the favored Canadians in a three-game final.[28] That same year, the Avalanche won their first Stanley Cup in their first season in Denver, sweeping the Florida Panthers.[29] One year later, the Detroit Red Wings ended a 42-year drought, capturing their first Stanley Cup since 1955.[30] The team's celebration was cut short, as defenseman Vladimir Konstantinov and team masseur Sergei Mnatsakanov were seriously injured when their limousine crashed six days following the victory.[31] The Red Wings dedicated the 1997–98 season to the two. Upon repeating as champions in 1998, they brought Konstantinov, who had suffered severe brain damage in the crash, out in a wheelchair to celebrate with the team on the ice.[32]
Jarome Iginla and Vincent Lecavalier face off. The two forwards battle each other for the 2004 Stanley Cup.
The NHL added four expansion teams to increase the total number of clubs to 30. Continuing its expansion into the southern United States, the Nashville Predators joined the league in 1998, followed by the Atlanta Thrashers in 1999.[22] The Minnesota Wild and Columbus Blue Jackets then began play in 2000.[22]
On April 16, 1999, Wayne Gretzky played his final NHL game, retiring as the league's all-time scoring leader and holding 61 NHL records.[33] His number, 99, was retired league-wide the following season. The usual three-year waiting period between a player's retirement and his induction into the Hockey Hall of Fame was waived, and he was inducted in 1999.[34]
For marketing reasons, the NHL agreed to participate in the Winter Olympics starting in 1998. NHL players first competed at the Nagano Games.[35] Led by goaltender Dominik Hašek, the tournament was won by the Czech Republic. Hasek, who finished the tournament with a 0.97 goals against average (GAA) and a .961 save percentage over six games,[28] was the leading goaltender of the 1990s. His run of consecutive Vezina Trophies from 1994 to 1999 was interrupted only once, in 1996 by Jim Carey of the Washington Capitals.[36] Hasek won another Vezina Trophy in 2001, and two consecutive Lester B. Pearson and Hart Trophies in 1997 and 1998.[36][37][38]
The Panthers' trip to the Stanley Cup final in 1996 began a trend in which southern-based teams frequently appeared in the championship round. The Dallas Stars won the 1999 Stanley Cup over the Buffalo Sabres in controversial fashion: Brett Hull scored the Cup-winning goal in overtime of game six despite arguments that his foot was in the goal crease, which under the rules at the time would have disallowed the goal.[39] The Stars returned to the finals in 2000, falling to the New Jersey Devils. The Hurricanes first played in the finals in 2002, losing to the Red Wings, while the Mighty Ducks reached the final in 2003, falling to the Devils. In 2004, the Tampa Bay Lightning defeated the Calgary Flames to win the Cup.[40] The Lightning win in 2004 was seen as the end to the Devils/Avalanche/Red Wings Stanley Cup era, as all three teams won a combined 8 Stanley Cups between 1995 and 2003.
The Edmonton Oilers hosted the NHL's first regular season outdoor hockey game, the Heritage Classic, on November 22, 2003. The game against the Canadiens was held at Commonwealth Stadium before a then-record crowd of 57,167 fans who endured temperatures as low as −19 °C (−2 °F).[41]
Mario Lemieux[edit]
Lemieux in 2001
When they selected him as the first overall draft pick in 1984, the Pittsburgh Penguins hoped that Mario Lemieux would improve the team's fortunes on the ice, and increase interest in the team in the Pittsburgh market.[42] Lemieux, who had scored 133 goals in his final season of junior hockey, recorded his first NHL goal in his first game on his first career shot against the Boston Bruins.[43] On December 31, 1988, Lemieux scored five goals, one in each of the five different ways possible: even strength, on the power play, short handed, on a penalty shot and into an empty net, a feat no player in league history has duplicated.[42]
Injuries and illness plagued Lemieux throughout his career. He played only 26 regular-season games in 1990–91 after surgery to repair a herniated disc in his back, but returned in time to score 44 points in the playoffs in leading the Penguins to their first Stanley Cup. Lemieux continued to struggle with back trouble the next season, though he still won the scoring title, and his second consecutive playoff MVP award in leading the Penguins to their second championship in 1992.[33] In 1993, he was diagnosed with cancer. Lemieux endured 22 radiation treatments in 30 days to treat non-Hodgkin lymphoma.[42] Only 12 hours after his final treatment, Lemieux returned to the Penguins, scoring a goal in his first game back.[33] A second surgery on his back cost Lemieux most of the 1993–94 season, and the entire 1994–95 campaign.[33] As a result of his injuries, Lemieux retired in 1997. He was immediately inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame; the three-year waiting period was waived by the Hall.[44]
Inspired by his son Austin's desire to see him play, Lemieux returned to the NHL in 2000–01, earning an assist on a Jaromir Jagr goal 33-seconds into his return,[33] and scoring one himself in the 2nd period. He also became the first player-owner in NHL history; he had bought the Penguins in the summer of 1999 to save them from bankruptcy.[45] Lemieux finished the season with 35 goals and 76 points in 43 games.[46] Lemieux continued to battle injuries, missing the majority of the first half of the 2001–02 season, however he returned to action in time to captain Team Canada to its first gold medal in 50-years at the 2002 Winter Olympics.[46] Injuries again forced his retirement, as Lemieux finally ended his career on January 24, 2006, with 690 goals and 1,723 points in 915 games.[42] Despite his injuries, Lemieux is widely regarded as one of the greatest players in NHL history. Hall of Famer Bobby Orr said that Lemieux was the most skilled player he had ever seen, while Mike Gartner said that if he had remained healthy, Lemieux would have scored 1,000 goals.[46]
By 2004, the owners were claiming that player salaries had grown much faster than revenues, and that the league as a whole lost over US$300 million in 2002–03.[47] Upon the expiry of the collective bargaining agreement (CBA), Gary Bettman announced that the players were again locked out to start the 2004–05 season.[48] As with the 1994–95 lockout, the owners were demanding a salary cap, which the players were unwilling to consider until the season was on the verge of being lost. The players, for their part, offered a 24% salary rollback to keep the free-market system that was already in place.[48] On February 16, 2005, after a series of last minute offers failed, Bettman announced the cancellation of the entire season, making the NHL first major North American league to cancel an entire season because of a labor stoppage.[49]
The season's cancellation led union president Trevor Linden and senior director Ted Saskin to take charge of negotiations from executive director Bob Goodenow.[50] By early July, the two sides had agreed to a new CBA.[48] The deal featured a hard salary cap, linked to a fixed percentage of league revenues, a 24% rollback on salaries, and unrestricted free agency beginning after seven years of service.[51]
The loss of the 2004–05 season led the NHL to institute a special lottery to determine the order of the 2005 draft, as there were no standings to base a drafting order from.[52] The Pittsburgh Penguins won the lottery, and selected Sidney Crosby, a highly prized prospect whose arrival to the NHL had been greatly anticipated.[52][53] Crosby and the Washington Capitals' Alex Ovechkin, the 2004 first overall pick, were expected to become the faces of the NHL as the league entered a new era.[54][55] Ovechkin was named the Calder Memorial Trophy winner as rookie of the year in 2005–06, while Crosby's presence helped Pittsburgh's attendance increase by 33%, over 4,000 fans per game.[56]
Recent years[edit]
Debut of Crosby and Ovechkin[edit]
Ralph Wilson Stadium in Buffalo for the 2008 Winter Classic
In the 2005–06 season, Ovechkin and Crosby began their careers. In their first three seasons, they each won both the Art Ross and Hart trophies; Crosby captured both in 2007[57] and Ovechkin in 2008.[58] The 2006 Stanley Cup Finals was the first time that franchises that originally played in the World Hockey Association (WHA) met in the Stanley Cup Final, as the Oilers lost a seven-game series to the Hurricanes.[59] The following season, the Senators lost the finals in five games to the Ducks.[60] The three-year streak of Canadian teams in the finals was halted in the 2007–08 season, when the Red Wings defeated the Penguins for their fourth Stanley Cup in 11 years.[61]
Penguins, Blackhawks and Kings dominate[edit]
The introduction of the salary cap in 2005 encouraged parity in the NHL, making it harder for teams to compete for the Stanley Cup every year. Nevertheless, three franchises emerged to win Stanley Cups each during this period. During the decade from 2008 to 2017, the Chicago Blackhawks, Los Angeles Kings and Pittsburgh Penguins combined for eight Stanley Cup wins. At least one of the three teams or the Boston Bruins appeared in every Stanley Cup Final in that time frame, but only faced one another once in 2013 when the Blackhawks defeated the Bruins in six games.
The Pittsburgh Penguins lost to the Red Wings for the 2008 Stanley Cup, but returned in 2009 for a rematch with the defending champions. The Penguins would return the favor, capturing their third Stanley Cup championship in Game 7. Seven years later, in 2016, the Penguins won their fourth Cup at the expense of the Sharks, then repeated the feat in 2017 against the Predators, becoming the first back-to-back champion since the 1998 Red Wings. Led by homegrown players Sidney Crosby, Evgeni Malkin and Kris Letang, the Penguins emerged from the brink of bankruptcy to become an NHL powerhouse, reaching the playoffs every year since 2007.
The Chicago Blackhawks also had its share of struggles to begin the 2000s, but the team's fortunes soon changed after drafting Jonathan Toews third overall in 2006 and Patrick Kane first overall in 2007. The duo of Toews and Kane helped the Blackhawks end a 49-year Cup drought in 2010 by defeating the Flyers in six games. It was then followed by two more Stanley Cup victories; first in 2013 against the Bruins, and then in 2015 against the Lightning.
The Los Angeles Kings had struggles to begin with, until they hired Daryl Sutter in the middle of the 2011-12 season. Afterward, the Kings made the Cup final in 2012, and won the Stanley Cup against the Devils, which was the first championship as a franchise. It was then followed by another Stanley Cup victory in 2014 against the Rangers.
The only other team to reach the Stanley Cup Finals more than once between 2009 and 2017 was the Boston Bruins. The Bruins reached the Cup Finals twice, winning in 2011 and losing in 2013. The Bruins' 2011 triumph was its first since 1972.
Two first time champions[edit]
The nine–year streak of the Penguins, Blackhawks, and Kings Cup wins came to an end in 2018. The Washington Capitals, not seen in the Stanley Cup Finals since their loss to the Red Wings in 1998, won their first Stanley Cup in franchise history. The Washington Capitals won in five games over the Vegas Golden Knights, who made it to the Stanley Cup Finals in their inaugural season. In 2019, the St. Louis Blues won their first Stanley Cup championship over the Boston Bruins in seven games.
Going Outdoors[edit]
The success of the Heritage Classic led the NHL to schedule more outdoor games. The Sabres hosted the 2008 NHL Winter Classic on New Year's Day 2008, losing to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a shootout before a crowd of 71,217 at Ralph Wilson Stadium.[62] The second Winter Classic was held January 1, 2009 at Wrigley Field in Chicago between the Blackhawks and Red Wings. On January 1, 2010 at Fenway Park in Boston the third Winter Classic was held with the Bruins defeating the Philadelphia Flyers 2-1 in overtime.[63] The following year the Winter Classic was held in Pittsburgh's Heinz Field, with the Washington Capitals beating the Penguins 3-1, and on January 2, 2012 (January 1 of that year was a Sunday), the New York Rangers defeated the Flyers 3-2 at Philadelphia's Citizens Bank Park. The pinnacle of the Winter Classic's popularity took place on January 1, 2014, when the Maple Leafs defeated the Red Wings 3–2 in a shootout behind a record crowd of 105,491 spectators at Michigan Stadium. Since its debut, the Winter Classic became an annual New Year's Day tradition for the NHL, regularly playing in front of sellout crowds and record viewers on television.
Its Canadian counterpart, the Heritage Classic, continues to take place, albeit infrequently. After the Oilers' successful staging of the event in 2003, the Heritage Classic was held in three Western Canadian cities. The 2011 game took place in Calgary's McMahon Stadium and it involved the Canadiens and Flames. Three years later, the Heritage Classic was held at Vancouver's BC Place and it featured the Senators and Canucks. The 2016 Heritage Classic was played in Winnipeg's Investors Group Field with the Oilers and Jets taking part.
In the 2013–14 season, the NHL introduced the Stadium Series which promoted outdoor hockey to warm-weather and non-traditional markets. Two of the first five Stadium Series games were held in Los Angeles' Dodger Stadium and Santa Clara's Levi's Stadium, both of which involved the Kings against their in-city rival Ducks and their in-state rival Sharks. On March 3, 2018, the Capitals hosted the Maple Leafs at the Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium, starting off a unique partnership between the NHL and the United States Armed Forces.
During the NHL's 100th anniversary celebrations in 2017, two one-off outdoor games were held in Eastern Canada. The NHL Centennial Classic took place at Toronto's BMO Field on January 1, 2017 and it featured a rematch of the 2014 Winter Classic between the Red Wings and Maple Leafs. Then on December 16, 2017, the NHL 100 Classic between the Canadiens and Senators was played at TD Place Stadium in Ottawa.
Overall, 25 NHL outdoor games have taken place since 2008.
NHL Premiere Challenge and Olympic Participation[edit]
Intending to promote the game worldwide, the league sent the San Jose Sharks and Calgary Flames to begin the 1998–99 season with two games in Tokyo, Japan.[64] Since 2007, the NHL has been sending teams to Europe to start each season. The Los Angeles Kings met the Ducks at the O2 Arena in London, England to start the 2007–08 season. A year later, four teams were sent to Prague, Czech Republic and Stockholm, Sweden.[65] One of those teams, the Rangers, also participated in the inaugural Victoria Cup, defeating the Kontinental Hockey League's Metallurg Magnitogorsk 4–3 in a single game.[66] Another four teams opened the 2009–10 season in Stockholm and Helsinki, Finland.[67][68]
In 2010, Vancouver hosted the Winter Olympics, the first time an NHL city has hosted the event since the league began participating. The NHL's participation in future games remains in doubt, as it had expressed a desire not to participate in the 2014 games in Sochi, Russia.[69] However, the NHL players did ultimately participate in those games. The players strongly favour continued participation in the Olympics.[70]
Due to the 2010 Olympics, the Canucks underwent the longest road trip in NHL history, with 14 games over 6 weeks, from January 27 to March 13, 2010,[71] to allow General Motors Place to be used for ice hockey during the Winter Games.[72] It marked the first time that an NHL-sized rink was used during the Winter Olympics. GM Place was "Canada Hockey Place" during the games, as the IOC prohibits advertising, including corporate sponsorship, within Olympic venues.
In 2018, the NHL elected not to send its players to the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea.[73][74] Prior to that, the NHL revived the World Cup of Hockey tournament in 2016, twelve years after its most recent tournament.
Coyotes bankruptcy, Thrashers relocation, Vegas and Seattle additions[edit]
Despite these successes after the lockout, a couple of teams still had financial difficulties. The Phoenix Coyotes eventually filed for bankruptcy in May 2009 after incurring several hundred million dollars of losses. The league then took control over the team later that year in order to stabilize the club's operations, with the hopes of eventually reselling it to a new owner who would be committed to stay in the Phoenix market.[75][76] Meanwhile, the City of Glendale, Arizona, home of the team's Jobing.com Arena, financially kept the team afloat, paying $25 million to the NHL to cover the club's losses for the 2010–11 season, and another $25 million for the 2011–12 season.[77] The league eventually sold the team in 2013 to Renaissance Sports & Entertainment (RS&E), a group of Canadian investors .[78]
After also suffering financial losses and ownership struggles, the Atlanta Thrashers were eventually sold to True North Sports and Entertainment in 2011, who then relocated the team to Winnipeg, a stark reversal of the league's attempts to expand into the southern United States. Initially replacing the Thrashers in the Eastern Conference's Southeast Division, as part of a realignment to four divisions, the Jets were moved to the Western Conference's Central Division before the 2013–14 season. The Detroit Red Wings and Columbus Blue Jackets were then assigned to the Eastern Conference's Atlantic and Metropolitan divisions, respectively.
In 2017, the Vegas Golden Knights joined the NHL, increasing league membership to 31 teams. In its first season as a franchise, the Golden Knights became an immediate success, reaching the 2018 Stanley Cup Finals and capturing the Pacific Division title, a feat never seen before in North American professional sports. However they lost the series 4-1 to the Washington Capitals, losing the last game 4-3.
On December 4, 2018, it was announced that a team in Seattle would be the 32nd team in the league.[79]
The NHL again entered lockout in 2012, cancelling the first 526 games, about 43% of the season, until at least December 30, 2012. Just after 5 am on January 6, 2013, after approximately 16 continuous hours of negotiating, the NHL and the player's union reached a tentative deal on a new collective bargaining agreement to end the lockout.[80] The first games of the season were held on January 19.[81]
Rules and innovations[edit]
The addition of the trapezoid behind the nets is one of many changes made by the NHL since the lockout.
Hoping to reduce the number of tie games during the regular season, the NHL decided that beginning in the 1999–2000 season, in any game tied after regulation time, both teams would be guaranteed one point, while the team that won in overtime would earn a second point.[82] The theory was that rather than playing conservatively to earn a point for a tie, teams would press for the extra point for the overtime win. In the 2005–06 season the NHL eliminated tie games altogether, as the shootout was introduced to decide all regular season games tied after the five-minute overtime period.[83] The shootout has proven controversial; critics have called it a gimmick, and expressed fierce opposition to any suggestion of using it to decide playoff games, though the league has not pushed for this to happen.[84] It has also been argued that teams are playing it safe, taking no chances in regulation in order to bring the game to overtime, where they are each guaranteed a point.[82] The shootout also has many supporters, among them Phoenix head coach Dave Tippett, who stated that many fans enjoy it.[85]
The shootout was one of several rule changes made in 2005 as the league attempted to increase offence following the lockout. The two-line pass rule was eliminated, allowing teams to pass from their defensive zone to anywhere in the neutral zone. Previously, such passes could only be made to their own half of the neutral zone. The rule was intended to encourage long breakout passes and create more breakaways.[86] Teams that commit an icing infraction are no longer allowed to make a line change before a faceoff, and goaltenders are now prohibited from playing the puck in the end-zone corners behind the goal line. They are allowed to play the puck directly behind the net, within the trapezoid marked by diagonal lines from the goal line to the end boards.[83]
One of the most controversial changes was the league's zero-tolerance policy on obstruction penalties. The league hoped that the game could be opened up if it cracked down on "clutching and grabbing".[86] The tighter regulations have met with complaints about the legitimacy of some calls,[87] that players are diving to draw penalties,[88] and that officials are not calling enough penalties.[89]
The changes initially led to a sharp increase in scoring. Teams combined to score 6.1 goals per game in 2005–06, more than a goal per game higher than in the 2003–04 season. This represented the highest single-season increase in offence since 1929–30.[86] However, scoring has rapidly declined since, approaching pre-lockout totals in 2007–08.[90]
Other rule changes that were implemented include the hybrid icing rule,[91] coach's challenges for offside and goaltender interference prior to a goal, and 3-on-3 overtime periods.[92]
Timeline[edit]
Main article: Timeline of the National Hockey League
History of the National Hockey League
History of the National Hockey League (1917–1942)
McKinley, Michael (2006), Hockey: A People's History, McClelland & Stewart, ISBN 0-7710-5769-5
Pincus, Arthur (2006), The Official Illustrated NHL History, Reader's Digest, ISBN 0-88850-800-X
Footnotes[edit]
^ a b Pincus 2006, p. 169
^ McKinley 2006, pp. 300–302
^ Lapointe, Joe (July 21, 1992), "If you freeze it, the N.H.L. will come", New York Times, retrieved March 10, 2009
^ Lapointe, Joe (February 2, 1993), "Opening Day for N.H.L.'s First Commissioner", New York Times, retrieved September 1, 2008
^ Finn, Robin (December 7, 1990), "Tampa and Ottawa gain N.H.L. franchises", New York Times, retrieved September 10, 2008
^ McKinley 2006, p. 303
^ Lapointe, Joe (March 2, 1993), "Miami, Anaheim In Debut Next Fall", New York Times, retrieved September 10, 2008
^ Early Dallas Hockey History, Dallas Stars Hockey Club, archived from the original on August 24, 2007, retrieved September 10, 2008
^ "SI Flashback: 1993 Stanley Cup", Sports Illustrated, retrieved September 10, 2008
^ Stanley Cup Winners - 1992–93 Montreal Canadiens, Hockey Hall of Fame, archived from the original on February 11, 2009, retrieved September 10, 2008
^ Cole, Stephen (2004), The Best of Hockey Night in Canada, Toronto: McArthur & Company, p. 128, ISBN 1-55278-408-8
^ a b Kalinsky, George (2004), Garden of Dreams, New York: Stewart, Tabori, & Chang, ISBN 1-58479-343-0
^ Christie, James (June 15, 1994). "Rangers Bask on Highest Plateau". The Globe and Mail. p. C8.
^ Ohler, Shawn (February 26, 2002). "Lucky Loonie Stunt Pays Off". Calgary Herald. p. A1. A record-busting average of 8.7 million Canadians watched on television as the men's hockey team snatched gold from the United States in Salt Lake City...The audience actually peaked at 10.6 million, the CBC said Monday...CBC says that prior to Sunday, its highest-rated sports show was Game 7 of the 1994 Stanley Cup between the New York Rangers and the Vancouver Canucks, which attracted an average of 4.97 million viewers.
^ a b c We've been here before, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, retrieved September 11, 2008
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^ Czerwinski, Mark (June 16, 1995), Devils tell critics to shut their traps, Bergen County Record
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^ McCown 2007, p. 94
^ a b Vezina Trophy history, National Hockey League, archived from the original on April 23, 2006, retrieved March 5, 2009
^ Hart Trophy history, National Hockey League, archived from the original on April 27, 2006, retrieved March 5, 2009
^ Pearson award history, National Hockey League, archived from the original on July 6, 2008, retrieved March 5, 2009
^ Stanley Cup Champions and Finalists, National Hockey League, archived from the original on June 29, 2009, retrieved September 11, 2008
^ Dolezar, John (November 23, 2003), Instant Classic, CNN Sports Illustrated, retrieved March 10, 2009
^ a b c d The Legends – Mario Lemieux, Hockey Hall of Fame, archived from the original on December 8, 2007, retrieved March 7, 2009
^ "Bruins 4, Penguins 3", New York Times, October 12, 1984, retrieved March 7, 2009
^ Podnieks, Andrew (February 4, 2002), One on one with Mario Lemieux, Hockey Hall of Fame, archived from the original on November 7, 2007, retrieved March 7, 2009
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^ Counsel presents league's position, ESPN, February 12, 2004, retrieved September 11, 2008
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^ Drehs, Wayne (February 16, 2005), Bettman: 'You can consider this final', ESPN, retrieved September 11, 2008
^ Linden steps down as union president, ESPN, July 12, 2006, retrieved March 12, 2009
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^ Gorten, Steve (November 26, 2005), Ovechkin, Crosby already invoke memories of Gretzky, Lemieux, Florida Sun-Sentinel, retrieved March 10, 2009 Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ Ovechkin, Crosby get heated as Caps thump Penguins, The Sports Network, February 23, 2009, retrieved March 10, 2009
^ Pincus 2006, pp. 193–195
^ The Crosby File, The Sports Network, retrieved September 19, 2008
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^ "NHL will not participate in 2018 Pyeongchang Olympic Games". Sportsnet.ca. Rogers Media. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
^ "Iced out: The lowdown on NHL's Olympic boycott". ESPN.com. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
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^ Klein, Jeff Z. (October 27, 2009). "Rangers End Their Slump as Coyotes Agree to a Sale". New York Times. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
^ Sanders, Rebekah (May 6, 2011). "Glendale may pay NHL for more time to find Phoenix Coyotes buyer". Arizona Republic.
^ Baum, Bob (May 25, 2013). "AP SOURCES: COYOTES SALE APPROVED, HURDLE REMAINS". Associated Press.
^ "NHL adds Seattle franchise". Retrieved December 5, 2018.
^ NHL lockout timeline: Let's remember the whole nightmare, SB Nation, January 6, 2013, retrieved January 6, 2013
^ "NHL Hockey Schedule for Jan. 2013". National Hockey League.
^ a b Caldwell, Dave (February 17, 2008), "Playing It Safe for a Bonus Point in the N.H.L.", New York Times, retrieved September 14, 2008
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^ "Board of Governors approves 2015–16 rules changes". NHL.com. June 26, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
NHL.com—History
Hockey: A People's History by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
Western Conference Eastern Conference
Future teams
Seattle NHL team (2021–22)
Potential expansion
Winning players
Traditions and anecdotes
Retired jersey numbers
Organizational changes
All-time standings
All-time playoff series
Defunct teams
Ice hockey in Canada
Ice hockey in the United States
Television and radio coverage
Attendance figures
2019–20 season
National Hockey League-related lists and topics
Pre-NHL seasons
National Hockey Association
Most frequent playoff series
First NHL player by country
Famous linemates
Careers with one franchise
Notable families
Presidents and Commissioners
Referees and linesmen
League records (individual, team)
Statistical leaders (by country of birth)
Points, career (min. 1000)
Assists, career (min. 1000)
Goals, career (min. 500)
Points, season (min. 100)
Goals, season (min. 50)
50 goals in 50 games
Games, career (min. 1000)
Consecutive games, career (min. 500)
PIMs, career (min. 2000)
5+ goals, game
8+ points, game
Goaltender wins, career (min. 300)
Goaltenders who have scored
Wayne Gretzky's records
Gordie Howe's records
Longest winning streaks
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International games with NHL teams
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World Cup of Hockey
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NHL uniform
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_National_Hockey_League_(1992–present)&oldid=935913694"
National Hockey League history
CS1 errors: markup
Use mdy dates from March 2012


Hon. F. Dennis Saylor IV was appointed as United States District Judge for the District of Massachusetts in 2004. Before his appointment, he was a member of the Boston law firm of Goodwin Procter LLP. He served as an assistant US attorney in the District of Massachusetts from 1987 to 1990 and as special counsel and chief of staff to the Assistant Attorney General–Criminal Division of the US Department of Justice in Washington, DC from 1990 until 1993. He is a graduate of Northwestern University and Harvard Law School.
Judge Saylor presided over the Central Division in Worcester from 2004 to 2012, when he was reassigned to the Eastern Division in Boston. In 2011, he was appointed to a term on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. He served on the Committee on Defender Services of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 2009 to 2015.
Professor of government and technology in residence at Harvard University, Editor-in-Chief of Technology Science, director and founder of the Data Privacy Lab, former Chief Technology Officer at the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and Distinguished Career Professor of Computer Science, Technology and Policy at Carnegie Mellon University, Latanya Sweeney has three patents, more than 100 academic publications, and her work is explicitly cited in two U.S. regulations, including the U.S. federal medical privacy regulation (known as HIPAA). She is a recipient of the prestigious Louis D. Brandeis Privacy Award, the American Psychiatric Association's Privacy Advocacy Award, and has testified before government bodies worldwide. She earned her PhD in computer science from MIT in 2001, being the first black woman to do so, and her undergraduate degree in computer science from Harvard University. Dr. Sweeney creates and uses technology to assess and solve societal, political and governance problems, and teaches others how to do the same.
Cocktails begin at 6:00 p.m. and the program and dinner begin at 7:00 p.m. Dress is business attire.
Attendance is $200 for dues-paid members // $250 for non-members.
Please contact Derek Roller at droller@nutter.com or 617 439 2371 for sponsorship information or a registration form.


text:
Rankings and Awards
Week 2: West Coast Conference Power Rankings and Team of the Week
Five WCC teams sit at 3-0 through the first two weeks. Let's sort this league out.
By Will Maupin@willmaup Nov 21, 2016, 10:00am PST
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Emmett Naar and Saint Mary's remain on top of the power rankings.
Guard: Ronnie Boyce — San Francisco Dons
Another week, another career high for Boyce. This time, it came in both points (31) and rebounds (10).
Guard: Jarvis Pugh — Santa Clara Broncos
Pugh scored a career-high 26 points on 9 of 10 shooting (4-5 from three) in the Broncos' win over Northern Colorado. He played 40 minutes and posted an offensive rating of 188.
Forward: Lamond Murray Jr. — Pepperdine Waves
Murray was the best player on the floor in both of the Waves' games this past week. Murray went for 33 points and eight rebounds against Weber State, then 27 and seven against Life Pacific.
Forward: Zach Collins — Gonzaga Bulldogs
The freshman phenom went 6 of 7 inside the arc against San Diego State, then he went 6 of 7 again against Bryant.
Center: Eric Mika — BYU Cougars
The sophomore center must've shaken off the rust from his two-year LDS mission before the season. Through BYU's first three games, he's averaging 21 points and 11.3 rebounds.
1. Saint Mary's Gaels (3-0)
Last week: W 110-72 vs. Prairie View A&M, W 61-57 at Dayton
This week: 11/22 vs. San Jose State, 11/27 vs. UAB
Previous: First
The Gaels played a quality Dayton team on the road. It is 2,030 miles from Moraga, California to Dayton, Ohio. Last season the Gaels needed six road games to rack up that kind of mileage. They're also averaging 84 points per game despite playing at the third slowest tempo in the nation according to KenPom.
2. Gonzaga Bulldogs (3-0)
Last week: W 69-48 vs. San Diego State, W 109-70 vs. Bryant
This week: 11/24 vs. Quinnipiac, 11/25 vs. Seton Hall/Florida, 11/27 vs. TBD
Previous: Second
Sophomore point guard Josh Perkins (10.5 ppg) was suspended for the season opener. He's come off the bench in the past two games, but on Friday against Bryant logged more minutes than any of his teammates. Scary depth in Spokane.
3. BYU Cougars (3-0)
Last week: W 82-73 vs. Princeton, W 96-59 vs. Coppin State, W 81-65 vs. Coastal Carolina
This week: 11/21 vs. Saint Louis, 11/23 vs. Alabama/Valparaiso
Previous: Third
The Cougars are averaging 81.7 possessions over their first three games. These possessions have averaged at just 12.9 seconds. A trip to Las Vegas this week will show how well the BYU offense travels on the road.
4. Portland Pilots (3-0)
Last week: W 79-66 at San Jose State, W 98-52 vs. Lewis and Clark
This week: 11/24 vs. UCLA, 11/25 vs. Dayton/Nebraska, 11/27 vs. TBD
Previous: Fifth
Terry Porter is off to a solid start in his first season as head coach. His Pilots have a good number of weapons and each game has seen a different leading scorer. Up next for this veteran-laden team is a challenging trip to the Wooden Legacy.
5. Pepperdine Waves (3-0)
Last week: W 69-68 vs. Weber State, W 85-79 vs. Life Pacific
This week: 11/21 vs. Central Michigan, 11/22 vs. Little Rock, 11/23 vs. St. Bonaventure
Previous: Fourth
All three of the Waves' games this season have been at home and all three, including one against a non-Div. I program, have been single-digit victories. Senior forwards Lamond Murray Jr. and Chris Reyes have been great so far.
6. San Francisco Dons (2-0)
Last week: W 75-63 at UC Santa Barbara
This week: 11/23 vs. Troy, 11/26 vs. Sacramento State, 11/27 at Eastern Washington
Previous: Seventh
They're not a good three point shooting team (30.8%), but the Dons are incredibly efficient inside the arc (60.3%). On the road against UC Santa Barbara, San Francisco hit 20-of-28 two point field goals.
7. Santa Clara Broncos (2-2)
Last week: W 88-72 vs. Northern Colorado
This week: 11/21 vs. Sacred Heart, 11/24 vs. Arizona, 11/25 vs. Butler/Vanderbilt
Previous: Eighth
Senior guard Jared Brownridge, a reasonable preseason pick for WCC Player of the Year, has hit just 17-of-56 field goals this season. The Broncos aren't going to beat good teams without a good Brownridge; so far this season they've only managed to beat bad teams.
8. Loyola Marymount Lions (1-2)
Last week: L 79-64 at Nevada, L 65-62 vs. Connecticut
This week: 11/25 vs. Portland State
Previous: Sixth
Give Mike Dunlap credit, he's scheduled aggressively. LMU's only win this season is against a non-Div. I program, but the Lions did manage to get UConn to visit Gersten Pavilion.
9. Pacific Tigers (1-2)
Last week: W 76-58 vs. Green Bay, L 72-65 at UC Irvine
This week: 11/22 vs. Wyoming, 11/29 at Nevada
Previous: 10th
The Tigers picked up a win over a quality Green Bay program in the tip-off marathon. Not a particularly talented offense, but a balanced one so far.
10. San Diego Toreros (1-3)
Last week: L 83-65 vs. Samford, L 88-68 at UCLA, W 81-72 vs. Nicholls State
This week: 11/22 vs. Bethune Cookman, 11/26 vs. New Mexico State
Previous: Ninth
A bad offense and a bad defense, but the Torreros got a win because they played a bad team.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
How Regis Ran Its Own COVID-19 Testing Lab
When Regis High School transitioned to hybrid instruction to start the second trimester, the school implemented many health and safety protocols that have become common during the pandemic: daily health screenings, temperature checks, masks, properly distanced classrooms, and an internal contact tracing system, to name a few. But the Regis auditorium also became home to something you won't find at many high schools: a certified COVID-19 testing laboratory that could process on-demand rapid tests for students, faculty, and staff. Thanks to the hard work and ingenuity of Regis faculty, staff, and students, as well as the expertise and generosity of several alumni and parents, this complex operation allowed the school to operate effectively throughout the winter and spring with the confidence that there was no active transmission of COVID-19 inside our historic building.
Once the school decided to shift away from fully remote instruction, the desire for regular, random testing of the school community was clear, but the ideal approach was not. Several different COVID-19 tests have been developed during the pandemic with varying levels of effectiveness, cost, and ease of use. Researching which test to use and which external laboratory to partner with created many choices and variables, and the Regis administration was committed to making the most informed decision possible.
"There were a lot of options out there," Vice President for Operations Joseph Amatrucola, who led the effort, said. "We felt that it was important for the safety of our students, as well as for our parents, faculty, and staff, to know we were going to be keeping them as safe as possible."
After much consideration, as well as consultation with Dr. Anthony Fauci '58, onsite testing via the Abbott BinaxNOW™ rapid test emerged as the best potential option. Reliable, affordable, and compact, the Abbott test produces accurate results in 15 minutes, optimizing the school's testing procedures and providing peace of mind to users throughout the day. But the path forward remained murky. At the time these tests were scarce, and Regis still needed to identify a reliable and affordable laboratory to perform and process the tests. "The bottom line is that it was so new and unavailable to the common organization that it was just not accessible," Amatrucola said.
A Regis parent helped solve the problem. Dr. Kathryn Hutchinson P'18'22, Vice President for the Division of Student Affairs at St. John's University, had advised Amatrucola last summer as Regis worked to determine proper COVID-19 protocols. As Regis looked for a testing solution, Dr. Hutchinson again proved invaluable. In addition to offering the school the opportunity to purchase extra Abbott tests that St. John's had, she assured Amatrucola that Regis could pull off its own onsite testing operation without the complexity and added expense of an outside laboratory.
"Use of the Abbott Binax antigen test for surveillance testing on campus has afforded St. John's the opportunity to provide weekly testing to our community, resulting in thousands of tests completed each month," Hutchinson said. "We are proud that not one member of the clinical testing team has contracted COVID-19 from doing this important work. Therefore, I was confident that by following all safety protocols, those engaged in the implementation of the testing program at Regis would also remain healthy. Regis is a special place showing extraordinary dedication to our sons even in the midst of a global pandemic, and creating testing capacity onsite is next level and certainly should make Dr. Fauci proud!"
With the access to testing kits now solidified and the encouragement of Dr. Hutchinson, Regis began pursuing the remaining steps necessary to run its own testing facility. In compliance with guidelines to operate a certified clinical laboratory in the state of New York, the school needed to identify a Lab Director to oversee the lab's operation and ensure compliance with regulations. As soon as the opportunity was presented to him, board-certified OBGYN Dr. Kevin Jovanovic P'22 eagerly signed on, assisting with training staff and advising dry runs of the lab before the project officially debuted in the building. "When I was asked, I was honored to be involved in any way I can for Regis," Dr. Jovanovic said. "Regis' mission of Men for Others is such a gift for the young men who attend. My son, Luke, loves the school and has benefited so much. I am happy I can give something in return." In addition to Dr. Jovanovic, Dr. Christopher Bandera '06, a pediatrician, signed on to serve as the prescribing physician for the school's COVID-19 tests, a final administrative piece that allowed the Regis lab to launch.
Starting the week of February 1, Regis began testing roughly 20% of its in-person population. For the individuals being tested, the process was simple: arrive in the auditorium at your scheduled time, receive a nasal swab and swab each nostril, turn in your swab, and wait 15 minutes to receive an email with the result of your test. For the faculty and staff who volunteered their time and knowledge to maintain the lab's day-to-day responsibilities, it was more complicated. Assistant Principal for Student Life Christian Mariano '99 maintained a record of tests administered, randomly selecting approximately 50 individuals to be rapid tested each week. Science Department Chair Dr. Stefano Cascapera and English Teacher William Hanlon '04 served as laboratory technicians, and Mathematics Teacher Meghan Kiernan and Director of the REACH Program Doug Eickman '05 logged patient information and testing data in an online database developed by the Regis IT department. Director of Information Technology Jose Machuca '92 was instrumental in reporting results to the Department of Health. Joining the adult volunteers, several students from Regis' Medical Science Club assisted in the lab, their service seen as a unique opportunity for students to learn valuable scientific skills. "Students' participation in the lab is essential, and the benefits of their work go both ways," Dr. Cascapera said. "Students are on the front line in the effort to keep Regis safe, using the latest tools to screen subjects for COVID-19. Being part of the lab helps enrich our students' educational experiences by showing them the real-life applications of theories that they are learning in class."
Volunteering their Monday mornings every week, Benjamin Kaiserman '22, Alexander Greene '22, Alexander Graber '23, Jaden Oh '22, and Christopher Tomeo '22 fulfilled several lab duties as necessary, eager to explore their career interests and passions for science. "It's really exciting to be able to apply my freshman biology class knowledge to the real world," said Oh, whose responsibilities in the lab included processing tests, entering test results in the Regis database, and acting as a second observer to confirm the results of each test. "We learned about how viruses replicate quickly in the human body, and the different types that they were distinguished into based on their genetic material and modes of replication. With this information, I feel that I have a firmer knowledge of how and why the rapid tests were designed in the way they were. I would certainly say the experience has enriched my scientific understanding, even out of the classroom."
While weekly random testing was the primary focus of the Regis laboratory, the infrastructure in place allowed for several additional applications. For example, students and chaperones were tested for COVID-19 prior to departing for in-person retreats and in advance of the senior dinner cruise on the Hudson (in place of Senior Prom). In addition, if anyone in the building developed systems suggestive of COVID-19, on-demand tests were available to the school nurse and results were immediate. While everyone at Regis looks forward to a more typical academic year in 2021-22, the administration knows that the Regis High School Clinical Laboratory will continue to play an important role to keep the school community safe.
"I'm really proud of the process we went through and the tremendous amount of support from every angle," said Amatrucola, who expressed thanks to the many individuals, including Dr. Hutchinson, Dr. Jovanovic, Dr. Bandera, Dr. Fauci, and all the staff and students who played a role in bringing a full-fledged, certified testing facility to 84th Street.


text:
Q: ASP.NET MVC 2 and AutoMapper - dissecting and mapping uploaded file info with AutoMapper This is the 3rd major edit to this question, so I'm going to write a quick little summary first, then ask the question.
I have an input/edit model I'm planning on using with an EF4-backed MVC 2 site.  The model is as follows:
public class AdminGameEditModel
{
    [Required]
    public int GameID { get; set; }

    [Required(ErrorMessage="A game must have a title")]
    public string GameTitle { get; set; }

    [Required(ErrorMessage="A short URL must be supplied")]
    public string ShortURL { get; set; }

    [Required(ErrorMessage="A box art image must be supplied")]
    public HttpPostedFileBase BoxArt { get; set; }

    [Required(ErrorMessage="A large image for the index page is required")]
    public HttpPostedFileBase IndexImage { get; set; }

    [Required(ErrorMessage="A game must have a review")]
    public string ReviewText { get; set; }

    [Required(ErrorMessage="A game must have a score")]
    public int ReviewScore { get; set; }

    [Required(ErrorMessage="A game must have at least one Pro listed")]
    public string[] Pros { get; set; }

    [Required(ErrorMessage="A game must have at least one Con listed")]
    public string[] Cons { get; set; }

    [Required(ErrorMessage="A game must belong to a genre")]
    public int GenreID { get; set; }

    [Required(ErrorMessage="A game must be associated with at least one platform")]
    public int[] PlatformIDs { get; set; }
}

I'd like to map it to a Game entity for creation/updating.  There's a snag, though - I need to save the images in a particular folder, and then take their paths and save those as properties in my entity.  So, an example for clarity's sake: rather than my Game entity having a actual BoxArt image, it would instead have the path to the correct BoxArt image.  I hope this makes sense.  Let me know if I need to clarify.
Can I do this with AutoMapper?  If so, can anyone provide some code guidance?

EDIT:
Part of the problem is that my model is fairly complex, as it contains a many-to-many relationship.  The PlatformIDs are ultimately used to build/rebuild (depending whether I'm creating or updating an entity) linked Platform entities in the Game/Platform map.  I'm not sure if AutoMapper can do something that complex without needing to go through my repository.
Then there's the problem of the image paths.  The paths aren't a property of HttpPostedFileBase, but must be constructed by hand like so:
if (BoxArt.ContentLength > 0) {
    var fileName = Path.GetFileName(BoxArt.FileName);
    var path = Path.Combine(Server.MapPath("~/Content/Images/BoxArt"), fileName);
    BoxArt.SaveAs(path);
}

So, what I'm looking for is more complex than just trying to map simple properties across objects.  I'd like to keep a reference to my edit model out of my repository.  Separation of concerns, and all that.  Because of that, I need to map to an entity before I attempt to pass it to my repo for saving.  I'm just not sure how to do it without blending app layers.

A: If I understand you, all you need to do is update your properties first prior to the call to AutoMapper.
Make sure your object has the correct values prior to calling AutoMapper.
After the call to do the mapping, your destination object will have all the matching properties copied over.
Post some more code if this doesn't answer the questoin.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Can you change your voice to sound like a child?
How does my voice actually sound?
How can kids get a deeper voice?
What is Puberphonia?
What age does voice change?
Do I really sound like my recording?
Are you singing with your real voice?
Can you naturally change your voice?
How do I hear my real voice?
You need to practice changing some of the physicality of the way you speak so you can sound more like a kid. 1. Tighten your vocal chords. Try swallowing half way (not all the way) and then keeping your vocal chords in this position and then try to talk.
When you speak, your vocal cords create sound waves that travel through the air to reach your inner ear. The bones and tissues in your head, however, also conduct those sound waves directly to your cochlea, so that the voice you hear in your head when you speak is the result of both methods of transmission.
To deepen your voice in just a minute, you need to:
Take a regular straw.
Take a deep diaphragmatic breath.
Put the straw in your mouth and release the air through it. But wait!
Take a second breath.
As you're exhaling, make a sound as you're letting your voice drop lower.
Puberphonia (also known as mutational falsetto, functional falsetto, incomplete mutation, adolescent falsetto, or pubescent falsetto) is a functional voice disorder that is characterized by the habitual use of a high-pitched voice after puberty, hence why many refer to the disorder as resulting in a 'falsetto' voice.
A voice change is one of the secondary sexual characteristics adolescents develop. In boys, this happens between ages 12 and 16; in girls, between ages 10 and 14. The first sign of puberty in girls is breast development, while in boys it's an increase in the size of the testicles.
Most of what we hear is the result of air conduction. When you hear your voice on a recording, you're only hearing sounds transmitted via air conduction. Since you're missing the part of the sound that comes from bone conduction within the head, your voice sounds different to you on a recording.
The 'real' voice is normally the one we associate as the voice closer to our speaking voice, in pitch and in resonance. For most people, they speak from their chest register, which resonates in the chest area. While most people are unaware, this 'fake' voice has resonance too – and it's mostly in our head register.
You can't completely change your voice, but you can definitely alter it. If you're not familiar with singing, there are two main registers, the chest and the head registers. If your voice is deeper than you'd like, then you can use your upper chest voice or your head voice to sound lighter or higher in pitch.
Your voice comes out of your mouth, travels round to your ear, and down your ear canal. But there is another way for the sound of your own voice to reach the cochlea and for you to hear it: through the bones in your head. As you speak, your vocal chords are vibrating, which in turn vibrates your entire skull.
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Come aggiustare presa?


The Complex Continuing Care program provides a comprehensive range of services supporting the continuum of care of patients with complex medical needs, restoration/reactivation needs and for successful transition to long term care.
CCP1 is the home of the GERI Unit (Geriatric Engagement and Reintegration Unit). This 22 bed unit is abilities-focused, embraces quality of life and encourages activation, mobilization and socialization. The goal is for patients to maintain function, leading to either a safe discharge home or to a long term care facility. Patients participate in group activation and recreation programming.
CCP2 is the home of the Functional Enhancement program (FE) and Complex Medical beds. The 10 FE beds are a slow stream rehabilitation program for those patients who are unable to tolerate the intensity of the inpatient rehab program. The goal for these patients is to return home. CCP2 also has 4 complex medical beds for patients whose care requirements are beyond what can be managed in a long term care facility. The CCP program has been the corporate lead for RMH senior friendly initiatives. These included the Falls Prevention and Management program, Fractured Hip and Rapid Assessment and Treatment project (FHRAT), the Activation project and the GERI Acute service.


text:
By Allie Hennard |
Posted: Sat 10:22 PM, Jul 13, 2019 |
Updated: Sat 10:57 PM, Jul 13, 2019
GLASGOW, Ky. (WBKO) -- Steaks, steaks, and more steaks.
Saturday was the day for the Kentucky Steak Championship Cook-off in Glasgow where dozens compete for the title and a shot at the world championship in Fort Worth, Texas.
"This is what the teams are after. They want to wear the world championship ring," said co-founder of Steak Cookoff Association.
Many entering the contest have some titles under the belt, but for others it's was a decision made on a whim.
"I just wanted to throw my hat in the ring and see how I did. I've been practicing all week," said Tony Hogan of Russellville, owner of Hogans Hogs and Dogs. "I'm experimenting so hopefully all goes well."
9-year-old Micahel Reed traveled all the way from Mississippi with his family to compete. "I like to enter them because they're fun and I just like to cook," he said.
Reed is no stranger to the grill. He's competed in several competitions and won prizes in many of them.
"I try to season it [the steak] as best as I can," he said.
The first place winner in today's contest received $1,000 and will advance to the world championship in Fort Worth, Texas in October.
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We've already talked about Christmas in Thailand, so go back and read that post to learn about Christianity in the country, how people celebrate Christmas, and some useful Thai vocabulary for the holiday. Learning a language is always more fun when there's music involved, so today we're going to learn some Christmas songs in Thai!
And wonders, and wonders, of His love.
Thanks to GospelTH and trangchurch2011 on YouTube for the excellent videos with Thai lyrics. Merry Christmas everyone!