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Home > Events > Kellye Cash & The West Tennessee Strangers
Kellye Cash & The West Tennessee Strangers
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Kellye Cash & The West Tennessee Strangers will appear in concert on April 12, 2019 at 7:30 pm at The Ned R. McWherter West TN Cultural Arts Center in Jackson, TN. Tickets are $20 and will be available after June 1, 2018 online or by calling 731-425-8397. Following her year as Miss America 1987 which included performances with Lee Greenwood, Bob Hope, and her great-uncle Johnny Cash, Kellye returned to college and launched her career as a music artist and speaker. She has played Patsy Cline in ALWAYS…PATSY CLINE and starred as the Narrator in JOSEPH AND THE AMAZING TECHNICOLOR DREAMCOAT in Branson, MO. Her other professional theater credits include RING OF FIRE, Annie in ANNIE GET YOUR GUN and Donna in MAMMA MIA at Cumberland County Playhouse. She joins CCP again in April 2018 to star as Tammy Wynette in STAND BY YOUR MAN. She has recorded 6 CD's.


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Жуй-цзун (; 22 червня 662 — 13 липня 716) — 5-й імператор династії Тан у 684–690 та 710–712 роках.

Життєпис
Народився 22 червня 662 року. Отримав ім'я Лі Дань. був молодшим сином імператора Гао-цзуна та У Цзетянь. У 663 році став князем Іном. У 664 році став номінальним очільником префектури Цзі (у сучасній провінції Хебей). З часом йому надавалися різні титули: у 666 році — князя Ю, 669 — князь Цзін. При цьому змінено власне ім'я на Лун. Після смерті батька у 683 році та нетривалого правління у 684 році брата Чжун-цзуна він не виявляв політичної активності. Після повалення останнього при підтримці матері став імператором.

Весь час Жуй-цзун залишався номінальним володарем — за нього правила мати У Цзетянь. Увесь час відбувалися численні повстання, метою яких було повалення У Цзетянь. Разом з тим частіше спалахували селянські повстання. Зрештою У Цзетянь вирішила сама стати імператрицею. Тому у 690 році відсторонила Жуй-цзуна, надавши йому титул Майбутній імператор. Відтоді він знову став Лі Данєм. Під час володарювання У Цзетянь не відігравав якоїсь ролі.

Після смерті У Цзетянь у 705 році владу перебрав брат Чжун-цзун, якого було отруєно у 710 році. Спроба імператриці Вей встановити власну династію зазнала поразки. Війська та знать знову поставили Жуй-цзуна на імператорський трон. При цьому влада опинилася в руках принцеси Тайпін. Постійне протистояння при дворі та погані небесні знамення змусили імператора Жуй-цзуна зректися влади на користь сина Сюань-цзуна. Останні роки до смерті 13 липня 716 року він провів у спокої.

Примітки

Джерела
 Kenneth Pletcher, History of China, coll. Britannica Educational Publishing, éd. The Rosen Publishing Group, 2010, pp. 112–113

Правителі VII століття

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Pacific Grove's bats and pitching were too much for the visiting Trinity Warriors on Wednesday (Apr 11). Led by left-handed starting pitcher Hunter Hanes and the bat of designated hitter Daniel Rosas, the Breakers overwhelmed Trinity 13-2. Hanes pitched six innings, allowing just two runs and five hits, while striking out seven. Rosas banged out a double and his first career home run, one of the grand slam variety, for a total of five runs batted in.
PG pushed four across the plate in the first inning off of an error and five walks. In the third, River Watts led off with a double over the left fielder's head. Nathan Wood followed with a "duck-snort" (a softly hit ball that goes over the infielders and lands in the outfield for a hit) into right field advancing Watts to third. With one out Colby Burnell knocked in Watts when he singled to left field and a 5-0 lead.
Trinity put up a two spot in the fourth when first baseman Chris Wright knocked a two-run shot over the right field fence drawing the Warriors to within three. The Breakers answered with two runs of their own. Justin Heyn walked, stole second base and was singled home by Hanes who scored all the way from first on a long double to left-center field by Rosas.
The Breakers big inning came in the fifth. Two walks (Connor Marshall and J.Heyn) and a Trinity error loaded the bases. With two outs Rosas stepped to the plate. The Trinity catcher gives the sign. Pitcher comes set…and the pitch. Rosas swings and crushes the ball deep to left field, it is going, going, gone!!! A grand slam. To channel the late Dave Niehaus, hall-of-fame announcer for the Seattle Mariners, "Get out the rye bread and mustard, Grandma, it is grand salami time!" Rosas' first career home run was one to remember! PG added two more on a walk to Kevahn Ebron and a well-hit ball (three-base error) to right field by Anthony Allioti (who scored on a wild pitch).
Hanes appeared to be at his strongest in the sixth, fanning two Warrior batters. Dylan Graham came on in relief in the seventh inning striking out the side to end the game for a 13-2 PG victory.
Pacific Grove (7-8) faces Trinity in a return match on Friday (Apr 13), 4pm at Pacific Grove High School. However, it will be played as a home game for Trinity. PG currently resides in third place with a 6-3 league record, 1 ½ games behind Soledad, 1 game behind Carmel, and tied with King City.


text:
Why We Must Act
Our Mission and Strategy
The Model National Response
The WePROTECT Global Alliance to End Child Sexual Exploitation Online is an international movement dedicated to national and global action to end the sexual exploitation of children online.
We have assembled, for the first time, the influence, resources and expertise to transform how this crime is dealt with worldwide, to deliver our vision of more victims safeguarded, more perpetrators apprehended and an end to online child sexual exploitation.
The WePROTECT Global Alliance Board are are focused on four key areas to help deliver this vision:
securing high-level commitment by governments, the technology industry and international and civil society organisations to tackling this crime;
support comprehensive national action, through the WePROTECT Model National Response and the Fund to End Violence Against Children;
galvanising global action by catalysing and driving critical interventions needed to end online child sexual exploitation;
strategy and governance, including securing a long-term future for this initiative and a clear and stable governance structure
In delivering our vision, the WePROTECT Global Alliance will support the landmark commitment by world leaders to end abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence and abuse of children by 2030 as part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
WePROTECT Global Alliance to End Child Sexual Exploitation Online combines two major initiatives: the Global Alliance, led by the U.S. Department of Justice and the EU Commission and WePROTECT, which was convened by the UK. This new, merged initiative has unprecedented reach, with 84 countries already members of WePROTECT or the Global Alliance, along with major international organisations, 24 of the biggest names in the global technology industry, and 20 leading civil society organisations.
Read more about our vision and objectives in the WePROTECT Global Alliance Strategy.
Copyright 2015 WePROTECT

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Notes in the Margins: Kline, elite colleges and commercialization
Alex Friedrich December 17, 2010, 9:53 AM Dec 17, 2010
Representative Kline Eyes Way to Stop Rule Restricting For-Profit Colleges Kline, a Minnesota Republican who will become chairman of the education committee in January, said he would rather that nonprofit and for-profit colleges be required to disclose graduation rates, costs, and graduates' debt burdens to all applicants. The so-called gainful employment rule is scheduled to go into effect in 2012, and Kline said he has been looking at ways of "stopping" it. (bloomberg.com)
Campus smoking restrictions debated Campus-wide smoking bans and restrictions have become standard at many colleges and universities in recent years. MCTC joins 22 other MNSCU colleges and universities that have implemented indoor and outdoor campus smoking policies. (citycollegenews.com)
Tax Bill With Benefits for Colleges and Students Heads to President's Desk The compromise measure would extend for two years a series of expiring tax breaks. (chronicle.com)
Some Checklists for Those Applying, or Already Decided Advice to help you keep your sanity and not alienate your parents or high school counselor.' (thechoice.blogs.nytimes.com)
Elite Colleges Continue to Fill Slots Early At the University of Pennsylvania, Haverford and Johns Hopkins, more than a third of the seats in the forthcoming freshman class have already been assigned. (thechoice.blogs.nytimes.com)
American University's growth causes pains for neighboring businesses Like many other universities, American is also in the business of residential and commercial property management, owning buildings stretching from Massachusetts to Wisconsin avenues NW and north to the Tenleytown-AU Metrorail station. Residents and longtime patrons say one business' closure is proof that the university's plans for growth do not include many of the small and long-standing businesses that dot the surrounding neighborhoods. (The Washington Post)
8-Year Graduation Rates Not Much Higher Than 6-Year Rates, Data Show The release follows a report last week by The Chronicle of Higher Education showing that graduation rates dropped for one-third of four-year colleges from 2002 to 2008. (chronicle.com)
Despite Recession, Universities Report 'Rock Solid' Effort in Commercializing Inventions Participants in an annual survey signed more deals in 2009 than in 2008, and formed about as many spin-offs as they had the previous year. (chronicle.com)
‹ Older (Updated) U of Minnesota medical conflict-of-interest policy gets a B
Newer › How Augsburg College's mascot saved Christmas


This code consists of two main parts: it has three points that bounce around the screen, and it uses nested for loops to loop over every pixel in the window. For each pixel, it creates a color based on that pixel's distance from the three bouncing points, and then draws the pixel in that color. This creates a gradient that transitions through different colors as the points bounce around.
If this code seems complicated, focus on each part separately. The bouncing balls are covered here, and the radial gradients are covered here.
Change how the points move around the screen. Make them move in random directions instead of straight lines, or make them turn in circles, or make them wrap around the screen instead of bouncing off the edges.
Add two more points: a white light source and a black light source. They should feed into the existing parameters.


Africabets is operated by Africabets.com Ghana Limited; a limited liability company duly registered in Ghana and has been licensed by the Gaming Commission of Ghana.
Africabets is a well-established service provider for online sports betting in Ghana and the rest of Africa in the shortest possible time. We offer a wide range of sports betting as well as an online casino experience to our customers.
Africabets brings over 18,000 live matches per month, a wide range of pre-match events and markets, 24/7 customer support and much more in football, basketball, hockey, tennis, baseball, American football, boxing, cycling and much more.
Africabets also offers wide range of virtual games for your maximum entertainment.
With our headquarters located at Circle, Accra, we hope to soon have shops across the Ghana and beyond.
Our vision is to bring to our customers the best betting experience in a unique style. We desire to employ the latest technology to create value for our customers while at the same time enjoying themselves in the process. We are committed to bringing the best of these innovative technologies to our clients and converting these innovations into value using the newest tools and methods and providing them by the easiest and safest betting and gaming platforms.


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Q: How do i tweet media using tweepy and get requests in python This is what i typed and it printed an error that says ValueError: stat: embedded null character in path could anyone help explaining what i did wrong and how should i fix it
media = requests.get(url, stream = True)
api.media_upload(media)
with open(media.jpg, 'wb') as f:
            f.write(media.content)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The appearance of your office is of utmost importance! It is essential for employee morale, as well as attracting new clients and keeping existing clients. Studies show that a clean office improves productivity and reduces sick time. Let the team at Tidy Up NYC assist you with your needs. Our business is proud to offer exceptional commercial cleaning services in NYC. Whether you need assistance with your small office or are interested in having us clean your entire building, our crew is ready to help you.
Many people throughout the city trust our company when looking for dependable maintenance, commercial cleaning, and maid service in NYC. If you are interested in learning more about our services, you can call us at (718) 770-7950 to receive a free quote for commercial cleaning in NYC. All you have to do is let us know about your needs. We will take care of your business.


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Q: How can the area of a sector of a circle be equal to (1/2).(OA.OA).theta How can the area of a sector of a circle be equal to  (1/2).(OA.OA).theta

A: Area of a sector is proportional to the angle it subtends at the centre. If you know the area of the complete circle (a sector that subtends angle $2 \pi$) is $\pi r^2$, then the area of a sector that subtends angle $\theta$ is
$$ =  \pi r^2 \times   \dfrac{\theta}{2\pi}= \dfrac{r^2 \theta}{2}$$


I am a highly educated professional, tall, dark and handsome. Physically fit and healthy with athletic body. Soft, gentle, considerate and a single man.
I am very clean and health conscious, I shave all my genital parts to keep clean and sensual. I am trying this for the first time as I have always been wondering how it would be!
I am looking for a casual encounter with a gay/bi man, healthy, clean, athletic body, soft character, gentle, intelligent, versatile and good personality.
No vulgarity, violence, rough behavior!
I am trying for the first time and it is sexual and casual encounter only. If we enjoy it, we may continue.
I would like someone who shaves all genital parts!


We have a boutique hotel and are amassing a significant quantity of shampoo, conditioner, and soaps. Instead of bar soap we changed to a more friendly liquid form in a small bottle that can be recycled. In fact, the shampoo, conditioner, and soap are all in these little containers that we recycle. The problem is that guests either don't use ALL of the soap/shampoo/conditioner or they don't take them home.
While our dog smells really nice and has super soft fur now, she can only tolerate so many baths. What can we do with our leftovers?
We're open! No guidelines save that we don't want to dump the soap etc. into the water and prefer not to spend a ton of moolah shipping or whatever you might come up with.
Depends on the challenge winner's age and their interest! Could be an overnight stay complete with an amazing breakfast. Might be that a HUGE batch of our chocolate chip cookies is preferred. Always there is super satisfaction of doing a job well. (Intrinsic motivation!) Of course, we would like your mug shot to show off on facebook and in our newsletter. So this would qualify as a guaranteed 15 minutes of fame. Who can beat that?
Samantha Irwin: Agreed!! In the meantime, our dog smells oh so nice. I suppose we could donate to a dog washing facility. . . .
Samantha Irwin: Great suggestions! I should have given more description to you all. (-: The majority of our bathrooms have clawfoot tubs with a shower overhead. They are wonderfully vintage but cannot hang a dispenser from the curtain. Keep them coming!
Richard Halpern: With the approval of Samantha, we have extended the end date of this EcoChallenge to 8/30/11. The premise behind this (and all our EcoChallenges) is: - there is a solution to every challenge out there some place! Keep the great ideas coming for No Soap-on-a -Rope!!
Staci Schwarz: I like Richards solution. Another solution would be to donate them to a homeless shelter. Many of them give out these sample sizes of soap to the homeless to take with them. When we use park bathrooms I get one of my soap scraps (I keep them in the van) and leave it in the bathroom for the next person. You can also use shampoo, and soap (grated) for washing laundry. The conditioner is also great in the laundry for scratchy fabrics, it softens them. Another option, as you mentioned with your own dog, why not donate to an animal shelter or rescue? I'm sure that would save them a ton of money! They're helping animals and you can help them.
Staci Schwarz: For the laundry soap, I would grate the bar soap, add to water (about half/half), heat and stir until the soap is dissolved, remove from heat, then add the shampoo. It will gel up to make a lovely concentrated liquid soap.
Samantha Irwin: Staci this is a GREAT idea! Since we don't have much by way of homeless shelters I contacted Tara Koch with Haven. Haven is a safe house for women. They are happy to receive donations of this sort! Tara and I actually connected about other donation needs of theirs. I will also connect with our local animal shelter as well. You are the winner! Let's connect so I can get you your prize!! You are welcome to email me at Samantha@Balchhotel.com Congratulations and THANK YOU for participating in this excellent EcoChallenge site.


"Fulfillment of the Abrahamic Covenant Promise"
Pastor Lawrence has written a great Bible study course that he gives to those who are desirous of learning about what the Bible teaches. The purpose of the course is to develop and form a consistent biblical theology based on the examination of the evidence of the Old and New Covenant Scriptures through objective interpretation of what the Bible says and what it means by what it says. What is presented here are Pastor Elmore's notes of the first few sections of the course. Pastor Elmore completed the course with several Judeo Christians, most of whom came to the realization of who true Israel is.
This Bible study course has many parts and is currently under review by several Christian pastors. We hope to make it available to you in complete form once it is finalized.
To Become Many Nations: To discover the fulfillment and meaning of God's promises to Abraham to become many nations.
To Become Kings: The promise was first given to Abraham, "I will make you exceedingly fruitful,and I will make nations of you, and kings will come forth from you" -- Genesis 17:6.
To Possess the Gates of Their Enemies: According to Genesis 22:17, God promised to Abraham that his "seed" would "possess the gates of their enemies"; this means that His covenant people would 1) have enemies and 2) possess their enemies gates.


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Home Popular lifehacks What was the name of the Smith and Wesson Model 36?
What was the name of the Smith and Wesson Model 36?
The most commonly suggested name was .38 Chief's Special®. Designed with the needs of law enforcement officials in mind, the Chief's Special proved to be a popular revolver for personal protection due to its size and weight. When Smith & Wesson adopted model numbers in 1957, the Chiefs Special became the Model 36.
When did the Smith and Wesson Chiefs Special come out?
Smith & Wesson model 36. The Model 36 Chiefs Special was produced from 1950 to 1999. It still survives in modern metals in the form of the Model 637, the Model 60, the Model 36LS, the Model 340, the Model 360, and their variants.
What kind of Magnum is Smith and Wesson 38 Special?
They are all built to the length that will accommodate .357 Magnum, even the models that are chambered for .38 Special. All of the new stainless J-frames today are chambered for .357 Magnum rather than .38 Special.
When did the Model 36 chiefs come out?
S&W model 36 Chiefs Special, .38 special, 5-shot revolver with 1 3/4″ barrel. Late 1950's manufacture with the later discontinued flat latch cylinder release. Very nice little …Click for more info
What kind of Revolver is the Smith and Wesson Chiefs?
The Smith & Wesson .38 Chiefs Special Revolver is a five-shot breech loading hand weapon. It is produced with solid frame and a swing-out type cylinder having five chambers around the central axis so that 5 shots may be fired before reloading is necessary.
How big is the barrel of a Smith and Wesson 38?
Smith & Wesson Model 36 .38spl revolver, dated to 1982. This is a Smith & Wesson Model 36-1 with a 3-inch heavy barrel. This is a Smith Wesson 36-1 38 with a 3 inch barrel. This gun is 98% with no box.
What kind of Revolver is a Smith and Wesson?
The Smith & Wesson Model 36 (also known as the Chiefs Special) is a revolver chambered for .38 Special. It is one of several models of J-frame revolvers.
How much is a Model 36 Chiefs Special worth?
Pictures would help, but assuming 90-95% original finish, with all of the orriginal box and accessories, would bring $450-$500 around here. Below is a link to completed auctions on Gunbroker for Model 36's.
What's the average price of a Smith and Wesson?
A SMITH AND WESSON MODEL 36 pistol is currently worth an average price of $979.82 new and $650.14 used . The 12 month average price is $979.82 new and $647.93 used.
What are the serial numbers for the s and W 36?
For models 36, 37, 38, 49, 50 and pre model number versions. J serial Prefix serial numbers. For models 36, 37, 38, 49, 50. For models 36, 37, 38, 49, 50 and pre model number versions. J serial Prefix serial numbers.
What's the serial number on a Smith and Wesson?
Smith and Wesson Serial Number Date of Manufacture J Frame Revolver Lookup. For models 36, 37, 38, 49, 50 and pre model number versions. 1950 = start at 1 1952 = 7369 – 21342 1953 = 28916 1955 = 55050 – 75000 1957 = 117770 – 125000 1962 = starts at 295000 1969 = ends at 786544 J serial Prefix serial numbers. For models 36, 37, 38, 49, 50.
When did Model 36 Chief's Special become Model 32?
In 1957, S&W went to a number system for designating guns. The Military & Police became the Model 10. The Chiefs Special became the Model 36. The Terrier became the Model 32, and so on. This is why you get the curious pre-Model # designations.
When did the Smith and Wesson J frame come out?
Smith & Wesson J-Frame revolvers have had your back since 1950. These small revolvers were designed to fire full power rounds and are as simple and easy to use as they are reliable.
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A JUnit rule to easily override Dagger 2 objects

[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/fabioCollini/DaggerMock.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/fabioCollini/DaggerMock)
[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/fabioCollini/DaggerMock/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/fabioCollini/DaggerMock)
[![Android Arsenal](https://img.shields.io/badge/Android%20Arsenal-DaggerMock-green.svg?style=true)](https://android-arsenal.com/details/1/2987)
[![](https://jitpack.io/v/fabioCollini/DaggerMock.svg)](https://jitpack.io/#fabioCollini/DaggerMock)

More info about testing using Dagger 2 and Mockito are available in this
[Medium post](https://medium.com/@fabioCollini/android-testing-using-dagger-2-mockito-and-a-custom-junit-rule-c8487ed01b56).

Overriding an object managed by Dagger 2 is not easy, you need to define a TestModule and, if you want
to inject your test object, a TestComponent.

Using a `DaggerMockRule` it's possible to override easily (in Java or Kotlin) the objects defined in a Dagger module:

###### Java
```java
public class MainServiceTest {

    @Rule public DaggerMockRule<MyComponent> rule = new DaggerMockRule<>(MyComponent.class, new MyModule())
            .set(new DaggerMockRule.ComponentSetter<MyComponent>() {
                @Override public void setComponent(MyComponent component) {
                    mainService = component.mainService();
                }
            });

    @Mock RestService restService;

    @Mock MyPrinter myPrinter;

    MainService mainService;

    @Test
    public void testDoSomething() {
        when(restService.getSomething()).thenReturn("abc");

        mainService.doSomething();

        verify(myPrinter).print("ABC");
    }
}
```

###### Kotlin
```kotlin
class MainServiceTest {

    @get:Rule val rule = DaggerMock.rule<MyComponent>(MyModule()) {
        set { mainService = it.mainService() }
    }

    val restService: RestService = mock()

    val myPrinter: MyPrinter = mock()

    lateinit var mainService: MainService

    @Test
    fun testDoSomething() {
        whenever(restService.something).thenReturn("abc")

        mainService.doSomething()

        verify(myPrinter).print("ABC")
    }
}
```

When `DaggerMockRule` rule is instantiated, it looks for all @Mock annotated fields in your test class
and it replaces them with Mockito mocks if there is a provider method in your module for that class.
Then it uses all the test fields to override the objects defined in the Dagger configuration.

> Note: DaggerMock invokes `MockitoAnnotations.initMocks` before the test. Hence, just adding the `DaggerMockRule`
is not enough: you additionally need to annotate any field you want to mock with `@Mock` or `@Spy` (even if you
don't have to define behavior or `verify` things on the mock).

> Note: static and null fields can't be used by DaggerMock.

In this example
[MyModule](https://github.com/fabioCollini/DaggerMock/blob/master/app/src/main/java/it/cosenonjaviste/daggermock/demo/MyModule.java)
contains two methods to provide `RestService` and `MyPrinter` objects. Behind the scenes, the
`DaggerMockRule` rule dynamically creates a new module that overrides `MyModule`, it returns the mocks
for `restService` and `myPrinter` defined in the test instead of the real objects, like this:

```java
public class TestModule extends MyModule {
    @Override public MyPrinter provideMyPrinter() {
        return Mockito.mock(MyPrinter.class);
    }

    @Override public RestService provideRestService() {
        return Mockito.mock(RestService.class);
    }
}
```

DaggerMock can't override Dagger objects that are defined using `Inject` annotation, since version 0.6
 you get a runtime error if the test contains a field of a class that is not defined in a module.
All the modules containing objects that are going to be replaced must be provided in the `DaggerMockRule` constructor.

## Espresso support

A `DaggerMockRule` can also be used in an Espresso test:

###### Java
```java
public class MainActivityTest {

    @Rule public DaggerMockRule<MyComponent> daggerRule = new DaggerMockRule<>(MyComponent.class, new MyModule())
            .set(new DaggerMockRule.ComponentSetter<MyComponent>() {
                @Override public void setComponent(MyComponent component) {
                    App app = (App) InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getApplicationContext();
                    app.setComponent(component);
                }
            });

    @Rule public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> activityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class, false, false);

    @Mock RestService restService;

    @Mock MyPrinter myPrinter;

    @Test
    public void testCreateActivity() {
        when(restService.getSomething()).thenReturn("abc");

        activityRule.launchActivity(null);

        verify(myPrinter).print("ABC");
    }
}
```

###### Kotlin
```kotlin
class MainActivityTest {

    @get:Rule val daggerRule = DaggerMock.rule<MyComponent>(MyModule()) {
        set {
            val app = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().targetContext.applicationContext as App
            app.component = it
        }
    }

    @get:Rule var activityRule = ActivityTestRule(MainActivity::class.java, false, false)

    val restService: RestService = mock()

    val myPrinter: MyPrinter = mock()

    @Test fun testCreateActivity() {
        whenever(restService.something).thenReturn("abc")

        activityRule.launchActivity(null)

        verify(myPrinter).print("ABC")
    }
}
```

In this example the third parameter `launchActivity` of the `ActivityTestRule` constructor is set to `false` to manually
launch the Activity. This way it's possible to define behaviour on the mocks before the creation of the Activity, and
`verify` things on your mocks in your tests.

## Robolectric support

In a similar way a `DaggerMockRule` can be used in a Robolectric test:

###### Java
```java
@RunWith(RobolectricGradleTestRunner.class)
@Config(constants = BuildConfig.class, sdk = 21)
public class MainActivityTest {

    @Rule public final DaggerMockRule<MyComponent> rule = new DaggerMockRule<>(MyComponent.class, new MyModule())
            .set(new DaggerMockRule.ComponentSetter<MyComponent>() {
                @Override public void setComponent(MyComponent component) {
                    ((App) RuntimeEnvironment.application).setComponent(component);
                }
            });

    @Mock RestService restService;

    @Mock MyPrinter myPrinter;

    @Test
    public void testCreateActivity() {
        when(restService.getSomething()).thenReturn("abc");

        Robolectric.setupActivity(MainActivity.class);

        verify(myPrinter).print("ABC");
    }
}
```

###### Kotlin
```kotlin
@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner::class)
@Config(constants = BuildConfig::class, sdk = intArrayOf(21))
class MainActivityTest {

    @get:Rule val rule = DaggerMock.rule<MyComponent>(MyModule()) {
        set { (RuntimeEnvironment.application as App).component = it }
    }

    val restService: RestService = mock()

    val myPrinter: MyPrinter = mock()

    @Test fun testCreateActivity() {
        whenever(restService.something).thenReturn("abc")

        Robolectric.setupActivity(MainActivity::class.java)

        verify(myPrinter).print("ABC")
    }
}
```

> Note for Linux and Mac Users: working directory must be manually configured in Android Studio. More info on [Robolectric site](http://robolectric.org/getting-started/).

## InjectFromComponent annotation

In the first example we have used a ComponentSetter subclass to retrieve an object from the component:

```java
@Rule public DaggerMockRule<MyComponent> rule = new DaggerMockRule<>(MyComponent.class, new MyModule())
        .set(new DaggerMockRule.ComponentSetter<MyComponent>() {
            @Override public void setComponent(MyComponent component) {
                mainService = component.mainService();
            }
        });

MainService mainService;
```

Since DaggerMock 0.6 this code can be written in an easier way using `InjectFromComponent` annotation:

###### Java
```java
public class MainServiceTest {

    @Rule public final DaggerMockRule<MyComponent> rule = new DaggerMockRule<>(MyComponent.class, new MyModule());

    @Mock RestService restService;

    @Mock MyPrinter myPrinter;

    @InjectFromComponent MainService mainService;

    @Test
    public void testDoSomething() {
        when(restService.getSomething()).thenReturn("abc");

        mainService.doSomething();

        verify(myPrinter).print("ABC");
    }
}
```

###### Kotlin
```kotlin
class MainServiceTest {

    @get:Rule val rule = DaggerMock.rule<MyComponent>(MyModule())

    val restService: RestService = mock()

    val myPrinter: MyPrinter = mock()

    @InjectFromComponent lateinit var mainService: MainService

    @Test fun testDoSomething() {
        whenever(restService.something).thenReturn("abc")

        mainService.doSomething()

        verify(myPrinter).print("ABC")
    }
}
```

Many objects managed by Dagger are only injected in other objects and are not exposed in a component.
For example if the MainService object is injected in MainActivity we can use the following annotation:

```java
@InjectFromComponent(MainActivity.class) MainService mainService;
```

A MainActivity object is created using reflection, the inject method is invoked on this object and then
the mainService field is extracted and used to populate the test field.

## Custom rules

It's easy to create a `DaggerMockRule` subclass to avoid copy and paste and simplify the test code:

```java
public class MyRule extends DaggerMockRule<MyComponent> {
    public MyRule() {
        super(MyComponent.class, new MyModule());
        set(new DaggerMockRule.ComponentSetter<MyComponent>() {
            @Override public void setComponent(MyComponent component) {
                App app = (App) InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getApplicationContext();
                app.setComponent(component);
            }
        });
    }
}
```

In Kotlin a method that creates the rule can be easily defined:

```kotlin
fun myRule() =
        DaggerMock.rule<MyComponent>(MyModule()) {
            set {
                val app = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().targetContext.applicationContext as App
                app.component = it
            }
        }
```

The final test uses the rule subclass:

```java
public class MainActivityTest {

    @Rule public MyRule daggerRule = new MyRule();

    @Rule public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> activityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class, false, false);

    @Mock RestService restService;

    @Mock MyPrinter myPrinter;

    @Test
    public void testCreateActivity() {
        when(restService.getSomething()).thenReturn("abc");

        activityRule.launchActivity(null);

        verify(myPrinter).print("ABC");
    }
}
```

## Supported Dagger features

### Subcomponents

Since version 0.6 Dagger subcomponents are supported by DaggerMock with a limitation:
subcomponent module must be passed as parameter in subcomponent creation method.
For example if the subcomponent is defined as follows:

```java
@Subcomponent(modules = MainActivityModule.class)
public interface MainActivityComponent {
    void inject(MainActivity mainActivity);
}
```

The method in the main component that creates the subcomponent must be defined using a module parameter:

```java
@Singleton
@Component(modules = AppModule.class)
public interface AppComponent {
    MainActivityComponent activityComponent(MainActivityModule module);
}
```

Subcomponent support doesn't work on Dagger 2.0, you need to use Dagger version 2.1+.
A complete example is available [here](https://github.com/fabioCollini/DaggerMock/tree/master/RealWorldApp).

### Abstract and static methods in module

DaggerMock doesn't support modules with static or abstract methods (annotated with `@Binds`). However if a component contains multiple modules (some abstract and other not abstract) DaggerMock can be used to replace objects defined in the not abstract modules.

### Dagger Android

Dagger Android is supported with some limitations:

 - JVM tests are not supported, DaggerMock can be used only in Espresso tests
 - objects defined in subcomponent/dependent component cannot be replaced, DaggerMock works only for objects defined in application component
 - application must be set manually using `customizeBuilder` method:

###### Java
```java
public class EspressoDaggerMockRule extends DaggerMockRule<AppComponent> {
    public EspressoDaggerMockRule() {
        super(AppComponent.class, new AppModule());
        customizeBuilder(new BuilderCustomizer<AppComponent.Builder>() {
            @Override public AppComponent.Builder customize(AppComponent.Builder builder) {
                return builder.application(getApp());
            }
        });
        set(new DaggerMockRule.ComponentSetter<AppComponent>() {
            @Override public void setComponent(AppComponent component) {
                component.inject(getApp());
            }
        });
    }

    private static App getApp() {
        return (App) InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getApplicationContext();
    }
}
```

###### Kotlin
```kotlin
fun espressoDaggerMockRule() = DaggerMock.rule<AppComponent>(AppModule(app)) {
    set { component -> component.inject(app) }
    customizeBuilder<AppComponent.Builder> { it.application(app) }
}

val app: App get() = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().targetContext.applicationContext as App
```

A complete example is available [here](https://github.com/fabioCollini/DaggerMock/tree/master/RealWorldAppInjector).

## Kotlin support

DaggerMock can be used in both Java and Kotlin projects. Kotlin classes are final by default, you need to
 _open_ them to create mocks using Mockito (and to use DaggerMock). There are three ways to solve this problem:

 - define classes as `open`: the big drawback is that classes are open also in production code
 - use [mock-maker](http://hadihariri.com/2016/10/04/Mocking-Kotlin-With-Mockito/) or mockito-inline dependency and [dexopener](https://github.com/tmurakami/dexopener):
 a demo is available in [RealWorldAppKotlin](https://github.com/fabioCollini/DaggerMock/tree/master/RealWorldAppKotlin) module
 - use [kotlin-allopen](https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/compiler-plugins.html#all-open-compiler-plugin):
 a demo is available in [RealWorldAppKotlinAllOpen](https://github.com/fabioCollini/DaggerMock/tree/master/RealWorldAppKotlinAllOpen) module

## JitPack configuration

DaggerMock is available on [JitPack](https://jitpack.io/#fabioCollini/DaggerMock/),
add the JitPack repository in your build.gradle (in top level dir):
```gradle
repositories {
    jcenter()
    maven { url "https://jitpack.io" }
}
```
and the dependency in the build.gradle of the module:

```gradle
dependencies {
    testImplementation 'com.github.fabioCollini.daggermock:daggermock:0.8.5'
    //and/or
    androidTestImplementation 'com.github.fabioCollini.daggermock:daggermock:0.8.5'

    //kotlin helper methods
    testImplementation 'com.github.fabioCollini.daggermock:daggermock-kotlin:0.8.5'
    //and/or
    androidTestImplementation 'com.github.fabioCollini.daggermock:daggermock-kotlin:0.8.5'
}
```

## License

    Copyright 2016-2017 Fabio Collini

    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


When I wrote about Felder's flute concerto Inner Sky (1994, rev. 1999) in a concert review of Tanglewood's 2011 Festival of Contemporary Music, I mentioned how much I looked forward to hearing the piece again on its (then in preparation) recording. What I didn't mention at the time: my concern that it would be difficult to capture the many details of the piece on record. Enter blu-ray audio.
Indeed, David Felder's music is perfect to demonstrate the capacities of blu-ray audio. Musical climaxes feature piercingly fierce highs and rumbling lows. Elsewhere, shimmering diaphanous textures, frequently blending electronic and acoustic instruments, surround one immersively in this multi-channel environment. By the way, if one doesn't have access to blu-ray, the recording package also includes an audio CD.
The Slee Sinfonietta again, this time conducted by James Avery, gets to go their own way on Dionysiacs. Featuring a flute sextet, the piece contains ominously sultry low register playing, offset by some tremendous soprano register pileups that more than once remind one of the more rambunctious moments in Ives's The Unanswered Question. What's more, the flutists get to employ auxiliary instruments such as nose whistles and ocarinas, adding to the chaotic ebullience of the work (entirely appropriate given its subject matter).
Clarinetist Jean Kopperud and pianist Stephen Gosling are featured on Rare Airs, a set of miniatures interspersed between the larger pieces. These works highlight both musicians' specialization in extended techniques and Kopperud's abundant theatricality as a performer. Pianist Ian Pace contributes the solo Rocket Summer. Filled with scores of colorful clusters set against rangy angular lines and punctuated by repeated notes and widely spaced sonorous harmonies, it is a taut and energetic piece worthy of inclusion on many pianists' programs.


Dr. Bauguess oversees the Division's risk assessment and data-driven, predictive analytics development, designed to detect fraud and misconduct in the Commission's investigation and examination programs, specifically in the areas of corporate issuers, broker- dealers, and asset managers. He directs the Commission's economic analyses in recommendations to the Commission to enact federal rules related to corporate disclosure and governance, accounting standards, structured finance, and OTC derivatives. His service also includes the business management of the SEC's Tips, Complaints, and Referral (TCR) system, which was launched in 2010 to accelerate the detection of market misconduct.
READ: "Has Big Data Made Us Lazy? Speech By SEC Deputy Director Scott W. Bauguess" (BrokeAndBroker.com Blog, October 26, 2016).
[In] times of market or fund stress, if redemptions arrive at a rate faster than fund managers can reasonably liquidate the underlying assets, they may be required to sell assets at prices below their intrinsic value. And the resulting losses from discounted selling can itself engender further selling pressure, thereby providing greater opportunity for prices to deviate from fundamentals.
On a large scale, fire sales could pose financial stability concerns. Of course, it is important to remember that, outside of money market funds, the U.S. asset management industry weathered the financial crisis well. There have not been any major disruptions to financial markets from investor redemption requests at funds. Nevertheless, under current market conditions, with strong investor demand for funds with less liquid assets, many researchers are now focused on evaluating this likelihood. Some studies are reassuring. Others are less so. . .
For market participants and serious investors, Dr. Bauguess is that rare regulator who not only checks his rear view mirror but also watches the ever-approaching horizon. Despite the politics of regulation, every so often a competent and effective individual gets past the screening. We are lucky that Dr. Bauguess snuck in under the radar and is in a position that matters. We are all better off when such a watchman is on the ramparts.
Thank you, Greg [Strassberg], for that kind introduction.
Thanks also to Joanna Rejman, and all of the other conference organizers, for the invitation to speak here today, at this year's Buy-Side Risk USA 2017, and for all of the preparation required to make an event like this happen. I'm glad to be back and, over the course of the next 20 minutes, I plan to provide an update to some of the thoughts I last shared in April 2016. Before I begin, let me give the standard disclaimer that the views I express today are my own and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Commission or its staff.
My prepared remarks this morning center on the topic of "Market Fragility and Interconnectedness in the Asset Management Industry." The relationship between asset management activities and financial stability risks has been a frequent topic of discussion among financial market participants and regulators in recent years. This discussion has arisen in light of the significant growth in the asset management industry and the increased focus on financial stability risks in the aftermath of the financial crisis. My remarks today are intended to highlight the underlying economics of these issues to help provide a better understanding of their nature and significance. They are informed by a continuously emerging body of academic research, some of which is being performed by staff at the SEC, and all of which demonstrates the inherent complexities in thinking about potential contributions of asset management practices to market fragility concerns.
Following the financial crisis, an area of immediate focus for those concerned with financial stability risk in the asset management industry was on run risk. This was likely attributed to the market's reaction to the Reserve Primary Fund breaking the buck at the height of the financial crisis and the related run on institutional prime money market funds. The SEC addressed these specific risks through a series of regulatory money market reforms in 2010 and 2014. However, the money market discussions - and the ways that mutual funds differ from money market funds - brought to the forefront how the asset management industry and its risks compared to those of the banking system.
Run risk is a generally well-understood concept in the context of a traditional bank. For example, when depositors are uncertain about the quality of their bank's assets, and concerned about whether their savings are safe, they line up outside the front doors and wait their turn to take their money out. The sooner they get in line, the more likely that money will be waiting for them, creating the well-known, first-mover advantage that can lead to bank runs and cause a bank to fail, even when its underlying assets are of good quality.
Run risk in the asset management industry is more nuanced. Overly simplistic attempts to apply run-risk concerns to traditional funds generally ignore two key differences when compared to the banking industry. First, assets are managed for investors who intentionally take on investment risk; it is not a balance sheet business and generally operates without significant economic leverage. Second, investment funds offer more transparency about their asset holdings compared to banks, allowing investors to assess, first hand, their quality and their associated risk.
These differences do not mean that run risk doesn't exist at funds. And while the money market fund reforms addressed run risk at funds widely believed to have contributed to market fragility as revealed during the financial crisis, other types of funds remain in the spotlight. For example, the Financial Stability Board (FSB) - a G20-initiated organization comprised of the global financial market and banking regulators - has since 2011 engaged in an annual monitoring exercise of certain non-bank financial intermediaries, including many investment funds. In their most recent report, the FSB stated that the global asset management industry accounts for 65% of market-based financial activity that could give rise to financial stability risks. Put differently, this amounts to $22 trillion out of the $34 trillion in assets that the FSB classifies under the shadow banking moniker.
So, the scope of the potential concern is large. And the pejorative nature of the term shadow banking underscores some of the potential misperceptions of the value and risks created through the market-based intermediation activity it is intended to describe. From one perspective, the tremendous growth in fund activity has given households around the world economic exposure to valuable investment opportunities that were previously out of their reach. And it comes to them with a transparent risk and reward profile that the opaque banking model, by its design, is unable to replicate. For these reasons, we should never lose sight of the role that the asset management industry plays in ensuring the vibrancy of our markets. It is to ensure the stability of this crucial financial sector that regulators - and indeed, all market participants - should remain aware of potential fragilities.
And it is important to understand how these risks are shifting. While some market observers may be weary of hearing the phrase "this time is different," it is undeniable that market function has changed fundamentally since the financial crisis. I believe that merits a fresh view of market fragility risks. This includes identifying not only new risks, but also monitoring and being aware of the new contexts in which the old risks can emerge.
Among the most prominent areas of market change that have placed increased attention on potential risks in the asset management industry is the very rapid growth in open-end funds that invest in fixed income securities and other alternative investments. As of December 2016, there were $2.5 trillion of fund assets in these categories. This represents a 673 percent increase in AUM [assets under management] since December 2000. And it corresponds to an annual growth rate of approximately 14 percent, approximately three times greater than the growth in domestic equity fund assets over the same period.
This growth is notable because portfolios of fixed income securities are generally less liquid than those comprised of equity. And when subject to an adverse financial shock, they may be more susceptible to the risk of fire sales - the forced selling of assets at discounted prices. This is because open-end funds, regardless of the liquidity of their underlying assets, must offer investors daily redemption rights at end-of-day NAV [net asset value]. In times of market or fund stress, if redemptions arrive at a rate faster than fund managers can reasonably liquidate the underlying assets, they may be required to sell assets at prices below their intrinsic value. And the resulting losses from discounted selling can itself engender further selling pressure, thereby providing greater opportunity for prices to deviate from fundamentals.
On a large scale, fire sales could pose financial stability concerns. Of course, it is important to remember that, outside of money market funds, the U.S. asset management industry weathered the financial crisis well. There have not been any major disruptions to financial markets from investor redemption requests at funds. Nevertheless, under current market conditions, with strong investor demand for funds with less liquid assets, many researchers are now focused on evaluating this likelihood. Some studies are reassuring. Others are less so. In all cases, they provide important evidence and motivation for both fund managers and regulators to remain vigilant in assessing risks and potential impact of future market stability events.
One area of financial stability research focuses on the prevalence of investor herding and whether smart capital will step in when such behavior results in an imbalance in the supply and demand for securities. Investor herding occurs when the actions of a few are mimicked by many, but without a separate evaluation of the decision that triggered the initial actions. The concern during financial market stress is that the time required to perform a separate evaluation could exceed the amount of time available-if you see mass exit in a market, it could be individually rational for each investor to join the exit without additional information or evaluation, even if the collective action is irrational.
In the context of the asset management industry, for herding behavior to contribute to run risk in this way, two fundamental questions need to be answered. First: "Are there countercyclical investors who will step in with smart capital to arbitrage, and benefit from, the deviations in asset prices away from their fundamentals?" As Warren Buffett is famous for saying, "You want to be greedy when others are fearful." But this smart capital frequently relies on funding from the same investors who may be redeeming fund shares. So, the second important question to answer is: "Where does the capital from redemptions go?" If the answer is: "under the mattress," then there is reason to be fearful. But if investors put the money back into the financial market or in a bank, this provides for opportunistic arbitrageurs to profitably buy assets, potentially before they reach fire sale prices.
Many large investors in public capital markets have long-term investment horizons and a structural ability to weather short-term financial market pressures. In particular, insurance companies and pension funds face redemption pressures on the basis of events largely orthogonal to [independent of] macroeconomic events: natural disasters, accidents, retirement, and death. As a result, their customers do not necessarily have liquidity or consumption needs requiring a return of capital during times of financial market stress, and even if they do, their contractual agreements may not allow it. So they are not subject to the same funding constraints that other financial institutions face, particularly those that are levered. This institutional design affords flexibility for insurance companies and pension funds to make smart money decisions that rely on a long-term strategy or focus.
There is empirical evidence in support of this view. Recent research shows institutional herding is substantially higher in the corporate bond market relative to equity markets and is more pronounced on the selling side.  But this effect is less pronounced among insurance companies. And when it is evident, for example, as a result of forced sales on account of rating downgrades, there is some evidence that mutual funds and pension funds step in to take advantage of this market friction. This provides mixed, but encouraging news-while there is observed herding behavior by institutions in less liquid markets, there are also countercyclical effects that offset such behavior.
Another potential contributor to market fragility is interconnectedness of the asset management industry that comes from the tendency of fund managers to respond similarly to a market shock. The decision of one asset manager can appear to be in lockstep with another, even when there is no intention to coordinate these actions or herd. This may be most acute in how asset managers manage fund liquidity, particularly during times of stress. Research shows that fund managers, during the financial crisis, when faced with increasing illiquid portfolios, engaged in trading activity that shifted holdings toward more liquid assets. And for funds that faced greater outflow pressure, managers disproportionally sold the most liquid assets.
Both of these behaviors are consistent with other research that documents cash hoarding by mutual funds in anticipation of redemptions, particularly during times of stress. The concern, like with herding, is that a common stress event could trigger simultaneous sales by many fund managers. While such sales are prudent from an individual fund's perspective, the funds' common pursuit for increased liquidity could, in turn, exacerbate downward selling pressure. Anticipating the precise impact of this pressure can be difficult for individual fund managers whose liquidity management experience during normal times may not apply to stress times.
The SEC has been cognizant of this concern. Rules adopted in 2016 require that registered mutual funds and ETFs establish a liquidity risk management program and allow flexibility for fund managers and their boards to establish these programs in ways that best suit their circumstances. But even sophisticated models designed to account for the negative externalities from other fund manager actions can be difficult to estimate. This is because significant stress events are generally infrequent, and some potential stress scenarios are so rare that they have yet to occur. And, as a result, there is little or no data with which to calibrate risk models to account for extreme events.
Among potentially emerging issues in the asset management industry is the rise in rules-based investing executed by fixed algorithms. Robo-advising is a potential example of this. Another example is smart beta ETFs. As most of you already know, these [purportedly passive] funds weigh investments on the basis of certain factors. In particular, rather than track an index by value- or equal- weighting the constituents, a smart beta portfolio may weigh constituents by their earnings, volatility, dividends, or similar metrics.
These rules are designed to capture specific, well-defined, and repeatable strategies aimed to earn better risk-adjusted returns. The concept is appealing. Sophisticated strategies can be implemented at relatively low costs. The financial stability concern, which at this point is largely theoretical, is that these rules could unintentionally engender mechanical herding. In particular, if decision rules are derived from changes in market conditions, and the resulting portfolio reallocations then affect market conditions, then a feedback loop of self-fulfilling behaviors without human judgment is generated.
At what point could this contribute to market fragility? That is a difficult question to answer. But looking at history, the 1987 market crash offers an extreme example of how this type of behavior could manifest with deleterious consequences. In particular, retrospective analyses show that program trading designed to limit losses in a declining market - offered to investors as portfolio insurance - exacerbated selling pressure and provided a disincentive for institutional investors to step in as buyers. These predetermined actions occurred without incorporating the situational awareness of human judgement.
Whether smart beta could generate similar risks and consequences depends on the answers to two questions. First: "Are the underlying rules designed in a way that could generate negative feedback actions?" For example, a rule that replaces high volatility stocks with low volatility stocks could, during a period of financial market stress, exacerbate the volatility of certain securities. Second: "If, indeed, actions facilitate a negative feedback, are they in sufficient quantity to amplify the market effects?"
By one estimate, the current footprint of smart beta funds includes a $347 billion global ETF market. While that is a large number, it remains a relatively small portion of global ETF assets. But if the popularity and growth of smart beta funds continues at a rapid rate, this could change. So this is an area that warrants continued monitoring for potential market risks.
Turning to what these and other potentially persistent risks mean for regulators, I want to first reiterate that the same financial market practices that may give rise to market fragility concerns are generally rooted in financial intermediation activities that provide tremendous benefits to consumers, households, and the public in general. So, any proposals to address these concerns by "de-risking" markets are likely to come at a very high cost if unintended consequences are not carefully considered.
Second, it is important to note that human judgement is irreplaceable in responding swiftly to market developments and risks. Regulations are necessarily rooted in historical experiences and are not always designed to address even well-known risks that merge in an unexpected context. And while I've alluded previously to SEC rules that are designed to ameliorate certain persistent risks - including those that emerge in novel ways - regulators must remain ready to respond nimbly.
As a result, diligent market monitoring remains an essential function of regulators. In particular, risks become systemic only if we allow them to emerge and grow without abatement. In the asset management industry, this means continuous assessment of the known risks just discussed. And when market disruptions occur, it is important to quickly assess the affected market participants and potential spillover risks into other areas of the markets.
At the Commission, this occurs through constant collaboration across divisions and offices. Within DERA, there is an army of Ph.D. financial economists and other highly trained quants that work hand-in-glove with examiners in the SEC's Office of Compliance, Inspections and Examinations [OCIE] and staff in the Division of Investment Management to develop models and metrics to help detect and respond to emerging market events.
When a stress event occurs at a fund, or in the fund industry, Commission staff respond by assessing the potential spillover of investor reaction to the news. The speed of the reaction is calibrated by the level of concern over potential run risk. One way to make this determination is to identify the closest peers by portfolio composition. The uniqueness and similarities of the stressed fund or funds, relative to the rest of the industry, inform staff on which other funds may also be at risk.
Another determinant of potential spillover risk is looking at whether markets underlying the stressed fund or funds are affected by the event. If so, they might provide a conduit of risk between funds, even if portfolios are otherwise dissimilar. Asset holdings that are thinly traded or traded over the counter pose greater concern. Quantitative analysis of dealer participation, frequency of trades, size of trades, and price impacts of trades are some of the metrics used to assess these spillover concerns.
All of these analyses, many of them relying on sophisticated analytical methods, can be performed in real time as an event unfolds. However, there are limitations to analyses using portfolio holdings; they often rely on stale information, as much as 3 months old. Thus, an assessment of potential spillover effects assumes that there has not been significant rebalancing during the intervening period. This can be a risky assumption, and it underscores the importance of the recently adopted rule requiring funds to report monthly portfolio holdings information on Form N-PORT, starting in June 2018.
In all of these activities, it is important to remember that in a global economy, conduits of risk know no geographical or institutional boundaries. Because of this, it is critical that regulators coordinate their knowledge and potential responses to emerging risks and market events. International organizations like the FSB and the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) offer important communication channels to share information. The FSB's annual shadow banking monitoring exercise is one example of a cross-jurisdictional collaboration to assess the scope of potential financial intermediation risks outside of the banking sector. It provides prudential and securities markets regulators an opportunity to actively discuss and report assessments on the potential impact of asset management on market fragility.
So where does all this discussion leave us?
Let me begin my concluding remarks by saying that it appears that we have already reached the point where our memory of the financial crisis is fading. The days are gone when someone asks me to recount what it was like at the SEC during 2008 and 2009. Nor does anyone ask me to provide a retrospective review of lessons learned. And when I speak to students studying finance and accounting, very few of them have adult experiences related to the events of those years. And when I explain the financial market risks from structured finance, poor use and preparation of mark-to-market accounting, the use of credit default swaps in the OTC market, and the efficacy of housing policy, it's purely a history lesson. Those were the mistakes of others. Financial stability to them is already a textbook topic.
But traces of these past experiences provide excellent lessons for the future, and some of the risks we shouldn't forget because they are timeless. I'm confident saying now, that leverage, and the use of derivatives that create synthetic leverage, will exacerbate the next significant financial market disruption, if it isn't the cause of it.
Many of the market reforms that the SEC has put in place, some of which I've discussed today, address the potential contribution of asset management activities to market fragility concerns. Central to these reforms is the collection of new information put in place by our Division of Investment Management. That is because no rule we contemplate today can prevent future market stress events, but the timely collection of current market information and practices will enable both regulators and the market participants they monitor to more clearly assess and respond to emerging and ongoing risks in the industry using accurate and reliable data.
So, let me finish by reiterating a comment that I made earlier: It is important for the SEC and other market regulators, both domestic and foreign, to remain vigilant in assessing these risks and their potential impact. There is no substitute for diligent market monitoring. There is no substitute for good regulatory data in that pursuit. And there is no entity better positioned than a market regulator to assess how the collective decisions of market participants can manifest into significant market events.
 The Securities and Exchange Commission, as a matter of policy, disclaims responsibility for any private publication or statement by any of its employees. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Commission or of the author's colleagues on the staff of the Commission. I would like to thank Ralph Bien-Amie, Vanessa Countryman, Giulio Girardi, Christina McGlosson-Wilson, Sarah ten Siethoff, and Christof Stahel for their extraordinary help and comments.
 See Release No. IC-29132, 2010, Money Market Fund Reform, https://www.sec.gov/rules/final/2010/ic-29132.pdf; and Release No. 33-9616, 2014, Money Market Fund Reform; Amendments to Form PF, https://www.sec.gov/rules/final/2014/33-9616.pdf.
 The FSB report's narrow measure of financial assets that could potentially contribute to market stability risks does not include those intermediated by entities in China. Chinese entities are otherwise estimated to account for 8% of the $92 trillion in non-bank assets.
 An update of statistics calculated in P. Hanouna, J. Novak, T. Riley, and C. Stahel, 2015, Liquidity and Flows of U.S. Mutual Funds, DERA White Paper: https://www.sec.gov/dera/staff-papers/white-papers/liquidity-white-paper-09-2015.pdf. The fixed income class is comprised of foreign, general, and corporate bonds. U.S. government bonds are excluded from that category.
 For a discussion of how collectively irrational decisions can occur in the bank run context, see, e.g., D. Diamond and P. Dybvig, 1983, Bank Runs, Deposit Insurance, and Liquidity, The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 91, No. 3 pp. 401-419.
 Interview with Charlie Rose, October 1, 2008. http://www.cnbc.com/id/26982338 .
 See, also, remarks by Andrew Haldane, Bank of England, on the need for patient capital. http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/Documents/speeches/2014/speech723.pdf .
 F. Cai, S. Han, D. Li, and Y. Li, 2016, Institutional Herding and Its Price Impact: Evidence from the Corporate Bond Market, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Working Paper.
 Ellul, Andrew, Chotibhak Jotikasthira, and Lundblad, Christian T., 2011, Regulatory Pressure and Fire Sales in the Corporate Bond Market, Journal of Financial Economics 101, 596 - 620; and Chiang, Chia-Chun, and Greg Niehaus, 2016, Investment Herding by Life Insurers and its Impact on Bond Prices, University of South Carolina, Working Paper.
 A. Sheleifer and R. Vishny, 1997, The Limits of Arbitrage, The Journal of Finance, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 35-55.
 See, e.g., M. Mitchell, L. Pedersen, and T. Pulvino, 2007, Slow Moving Capital, American Economic Review, Vol. 97, No. 2, pp. 215-220. http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/aer.97.2.215 ; and D. Duffie, 2010, Presidential Address: Asset Price Dynamics with Slow-Moving Capital, The Journal of Finance, Vol. 65, No. 4. http://www.darrellduffie.com/uploads/pubs/DuffieAFAPresidentialAddress2010.pdf .
 The median fund moved its holding to more liquid assets during the financial crisis. See Figure 10, P. Hanouna, J. Novak, T. Riley, and C. Stahel, 2015, Liquidity and Flows of U.S. Mutual Funds, DERA White Paper. https://www.sec.gov/dera/staff-papers/white-papers/liquidity-white-paper-09-2015.pdf.
 Funds with outflows greater than the median outflow experience a decrease in portfolio liquidity, consistent with selling their most liquid assets in order to meet redemptions. See Table 18, P. Hanouna, J. Novak, T. Riley, and C. Stahel, 2015, Liquidity and Flows of U.S. Mutual Funds, DERA White Paper. https://www.sec.gov/dera/staff-papers/white-papers/liquidity-white-paper-09-2015.pdf.
 S. Morris, I. Shim, and H. Shin, 2017, Redemption Risk and Cash Hoarding by Asset Managers, Bank of International Settlement, Working Paper; and G. Girardi, C. Stahel, and Y. Wu, 2017, Cash Management and Extreme Liquidity Demand of Mutual Funds, SEC Working Paper. https://www.sec.gov/files/DERA_WP_Girardi-Stahel-Wu_Cash%20Management%20and%20Extreme%20Liquidity%20Demand.pdf.
 See Release No. 33-10233, Investment Company Liquidity Risk Management Programs, https://www.sec.gov/rules/final/2016/33-10233.pdf.
 Securities and Exchange Commission Report, 1988, The October 1987 Market Break. See also M. Carlson, 2007, A Brief History of the 1987 Stock Market Crash with a Discussion of the Federal Reserve Response. https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2007/200713/200713pap.pdf.
 Sizing the Global 'Smart Beta' ETF Market, October 21, 2016, http://www.nasdaq.com/article/sizing-the-global-smart-beta-etf-market-cm696510.
 "2,000% rise in new money allocated to smart-beta funds," Financial Times, May 14, 2017. https://www.ft.com/content/5c5960d0-3668-11e7-99bd-13beb0903fa3 .
 See Release No. 33-10231, Investment Company Reporting Modernization, https://www.sec.gov/rules/final/2016/33-10231.pdf.


To riders with annual memberships different opening hours apply, since many lessons take place in the evening.
FNRS Equestrian Centre Bergemo is located next to Center Parcs Het Heijderbos in the village of Heijen, in the north of the Dutch province of Limburg. Directions from motorway A77: take exit Gennep/Heijen (last exit before German border). Guests of Center Parcs can take the path between The children's courtyard 'Kinderhofje' and the mini golf course.


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Home » A crisis we all saw coming
A crisis we all saw coming
October 29th 2014 - Last updated: September 19th 2019
Damien Smith
When news broke that the Caterham Formula 1 team had been placed in administration, I couldn't help but reflect on a few choice cuts from Mark Hughes' Motor Sport magazine columns this year. They sprang to mind again when Marussia announced its own decline into administration a few days later.
Back in our 90th anniversary edition (dated July), Mark wrote about the Biggin Hill meeting on May 1 between the teams and Bernie Ecclestone. He reported it was ill-tempered as the so-called 'big teams' – Ferrari, McLaren, Red Bull and Mercedes – baulked attempts by the smaller teams to introduce a meaningful cost cap for 2015.
"The big teams insisted they retain the right to spend as much as they see fit," our Grand Prix editor wrote. "If that ends up sending some of the smaller teams bankrupt in trying to compete, so be it."
JW Automotive retrospective by Simon Arron
Lunch with Alastair Caldwell by Simon Taylor
Stefano Modena interview by Rob Widdows
Gooda Bentley track test by Richard Heseltine
Caldwell on the 1000 Mile Trial by Rob Widdows
John Hogan interview by Damien Smith
Lister-Jaguar track test by Paul Parker
Cost limits are one thing, and they're always a contentious subject. Income distribution, which is skewed heavily in favour of the F1 promoter first and the big teams second, leaving the rest with the relative crumbs, is another matter again. Change here would require a governing body with backbone to challenge the highly questionable financial structure that has existed since Ecclestone and Max Mosley's infamous '100-year deal' of 2000. But as Mark's interview with Jean Todt for the August issue highlighted, there is no appetite for a battle within the current FIA president.
Mark stated in that 90th anniversary issue, produced six months ago, that "at least three, maybe as many as five, teams are struggling to survive. In a sport that generates such vast revenues, that's wrong." He knew this was coming. But what's really damning is so did everyone else in F1, including the promoter, its employee who has run the sport for more than 30 years, the been-there-and-done-it-all president in Paris and the teams higher up the chain. None of them appear to give a damn.
The teams are competitive entities and can never be trusted to consider the greater good. "Instead of spreading the pot so that even the smallest teams can have a viable business, the big teams would prefer to be rid of the smaller fry, thereby taking their meagre income and directing it at propping up facilities that are just too big, too costly," stated Mark in the August issue, looking directly at a certain Bond-like lair near Woking.
"F1 heads on with a few more restrictions on wind tunnel and simulation time, but essentially on a path that spells extinction for some of the smaller teams," he added.
Now, a few months later, that greed and self-interest has led the sport to this point of crisis, just as he predicted.
In our latest podcast recorded this week, I asked Jonathan Palmer if it's telling that a man with a solid career as a driver behind him, plus years of business experience creating and running his own race series, not to mention successfully managing four of Britain's best race tracks, has never been tempted to run his own F1 team.
"Well, it probably is, yes," he said. "[Since] getting involved in the business side of motor sport after my racing career, I've always tended towards asset-backed businesses, and to have the freehold to these circuits is quite comforting when you're looking at getting funding for acquisitions – when you've got an asset for the whole business. But with many businesses, and with F1 teams, one doesn't have that.
"Listen, I'd love to get involved in F1 if I thought there was a viable business there. Certainly at the moment I'm not clever enough to work out how to make a viable business out of F1 for me!"
He's not alone.
For Caterham and Marussia, the story isn't necessarily over – if new buyers can be found to plunge more millions into these flagging companies. But if you had the money, would you do it? Can F1 really be justified beyond the status of a blatant vanity project?
Somewhere in North Carolina, Gene Haas must be wondering what he's letting himself in for.
Britain's greatest sports car team
The December issue, officially the last of our 90th anniversary year, is out this week, and in the midst of this F1 gloom I hope there are a few diversions to cheer us all up. Simon Arron's fresh interview with John Horsman should help for starters.
We proclaim JW Automotive Engineering as 'Britain's greatest sports car team' and so it remains, nearly 40 years since it closed its doors. Johns Wyer, Horsman and Willment, in partnership with Grady Davis and his Gulf Oil colours, created a team that would win Le Mans twice with Ford GT40s, dominate the World Sportscar Championship with the glorious Porsche 917 (even if it did miss out on victory at the 'big one', whatever Steve McQueen's film might claim), and then bow out with another victory in France with its own Mirage.
Add in Wyer's key role in Aston Martin's glory years with the DBR1 and his part in the development of the GT40 under the guise of Ford Advanced Vehicles, and you have a story of rich depth that deserves to be revisited. Horsman was his loyal partner from the early 1960s and on a rare trip back to Britain, Simon met up with the octogenarian to reminisce. Meanwhile, Gordon Cruickshank adds detail in his interview with JW purchasing manager Maitland Cook. Primary sources both, of a golden age in endurance racing.
Elsewhere, Rob Widdows tracks down Stefano Modena for a rare interview, getting to know a man who was apparently a tricky customer during his all-too-brief F1 career. He's reflective now and admits to a little regret. It could have been so much more…
Alastair Caldwell was another tricky customer according to those who worked the F1 paddocks of the 1970s. The caustic team manager of McLaren put everything on the line to establish his career in motor racing, then witnessed awful tragedy – the death of founder Bruce – and persevered to help shape unforgettable memories –James Hunt, 1976 and all that. As Simon Taylor discovered over lunch, Caldwell hasn't lost his edge all these years later, as he makes a few cheeky claims about his scope of influence during the sport's most colourful decade.
I'd also urge you to read Mat Oxley's column, among the other gems in the new issue. Australian Anthony Gobert is a figure I knew little about beyond his rather 'slow' name. 'The Go Show' was anything but, of course. In fact he makes Eddie Irvine sound like a choir boy in comparison.
Red Arrows will roar again at British GP after F1 reprieve
The Red Arrows are exempt from F1's new ban on military aircraft displays at grands prix, Silverstone has confirmed
By Dominic Tobin
Taylor Hagler: 'I cashed in a gift voucher and became IMSA champion'
Two years ago, Taylor Hagler realised suddenly – and sickeningly – that she'd reached the big time as she listened to the "Star Spangled Banner" blasting over the loudspeakers before…
By Preston Lerner
The best junior drivers without an F1 future
Whether it be a lack of funding, behind-the-scenes political manoeuvring or an eventual run of poor results, not all drivers can make it to F1
By Jake Williams-Smith
Hyundai left with "a lot of work" as Sébastien Loeb takes Monte Carlo Rally lead
The all-new, hybrid WRC has been let loose in anger for the first time as Toyota, M-Sport/Ford and Hyundai battle round the stages of Monte Carlo. 2022 is no mild…
By Lawrence Butcher
Ferrari turns down Todt reunion despite F1 title-winning past - MPH
There will be no Jean Todt/Ferrari reunion in 2022 despite high-level talks about a new role for the Frenchman
By Mark Hughes
The F1 juniors most likely to make it to Formula 1
The long road to F1 gives young drivers the chance to impress big teams but which of the upcoming generation stands the best chance of making it?
© 2022 Motor Sport Magazine


Las Vegas, NV, WPH Press, 1/30/18– The WPH Race 4 Eight 7 professional handball tour is thrilled to host its fourth event of the R48 7 season and first R48 event in Las Vegas, NV, from February 9-11, 2018 at the Las Vegas Athletic Club Central, 2655 Maryland Pkwy & Karen Ave Ste 100, Las Vegas, NV 89109. The Las Vegas Royal Flush R48 7 Stop #4 will feature the top 10 ranked pros on the Race 4 Eight tour, as well as a deep qualifier draw with players from California, Arizona, Oregon, Minnesota, Colorado, New York, Canada, and Ireland in the fourth event of the R48 7 season. Top locals and regional players will also compete in the Las Vegas Royal Flush in singles and doubles brackets.
Race 4 Eight #1 Killian Carroll (IRE) ended the 2016-2017 Race 4 Eight 6 season with three victories in his last four starts, including winning the WPH R48 Player's Championship for the second consecutive year. Carroll will enter the R48 7 Las Vegas Royal Flush as the overwhelming favorite, on the heels of three consecutive victories in Atlanta, Tucson, and Montana to start the R48 7 season. Carroll will contend with Race 4 Eight Elite 8 rivals David Fink (AZ), Mando Ortiz (CA), Luis Cordova (GA), Sean Lenning (WA), Luis Moreno (AZ), Daniel Cordova (GA), Marcos Chavez (CA) and a strong contingent of qualifiers.
The Las Vegas Royal Flush will also feature the third stop of the WPH Outdoor tour, as the top 4-Wall Big Ball stars will compete in pro Big Ball doubles.
WPH RACE 4 EIGHT: The World Players of Handball's Race 4 Eight 7 Powered by ESPN features seven stops, culminating with WPH R48 7 The Player's Championship. Similar to Nascar's Nextel Cup and the FedEx PGA Playoffs, players earn points in the Race 4 Eight's first six stops to qualify for the season-ending Player's Championship and bonus prizes. Atlanta, GA hosted the first stop of the season in October of 2017, followed by the Tucson Memorial in November. Montana's Red Death was the third stop of the R48 7 season and first of 2018, with stops in Las Vegas, NV, Houston, TX, and New York City, NY and Salt Lake City still to come on the R48 7. Salt Lake City will host the Aces Player's Championship for the fourth time to close out the R48 7 season.


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Q: MySQL query works at MySQL command line but doesn't work with Python The following query works as expected at MySQL command prompt:
select * from users;

But, the same query in my following python program returns 0 rowcount. Python program is:
import mysql.connector
from mysql.connector import errorcode

config = {'user':'user1', 'password':'user1', 'host': '127.0.0.1', 'database': 'user1'}
con = mysql.connector.connect(**config)

if con == None or con == errorcode.ER_ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR or con == errorcode.ER_BAD_DB_ERROR:
    exit

print(con)

selectrow_users = "SELECT * FROM users"

cursor = con.cursor()
x = cursor.execute(selectrow_users, params=None)
print('rowcount = ', cursor.rowcount)  ## It gives zero

con.close()

Output is 0 rowcount:


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Our Take: Reclaiming moral high ground
By Wim Laven, Sebastian Santos and Tom Hastings
PeaceVoice
The questions of faith and values are ubiquitous, especially during the holiday season. Especially troubling is the fraught intersection of organized religion, mainstream and social media, politics and the classroom.
For example, the words of my hero, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. are regularly twisted to advocate positions antithetical to the spiritual guidance he offers. They use his dream that children be judged by the content of their character to justify not more affirmative action, but less; not more accurate history, but less; not more economic equity, but less. We will not be surprised if the U.S. Navy names a warship the USS Martin Luther King.
I (Wim) teach the power of nonviolence in my classes and I make sure that I distinguish between the two lanes — principled and pragmatic.
The principled argument is one that connects to values, whether rooted in religious teachings or philosophical arguments.
The pragmatic argument, on the other hand, comes directly from evidence and logic. It examines methods of social struggle by costs and benefits. The science of peace makes the benefits clear: nonviolence is more effective than violence and costs are a tiny fraction of violence.
Preparing for war and waging it are costing U.S. taxpayers more than any other item: $768 billion in new expenses and more billions for past harms, including lifetime care for veterans, survivor family benefits and environmental clean-up.
Subscribe:Receive unlimited digital access for $29 this year!
Listening to politicians, we might think that the ethics of helping young families with the extra burdens of COVID-19 impacts is only a nice frill that we really can't afford, but maintaining huge overseas military bases is somehow vital and that trumps help with childcare or rent. Power to inflict death and destruction is more important than morals, if we watch how our federal elected officials vote, and very few church, mosque or temple leaders are teaching congregants anything different.
Preparing for peace is priceless. Using humanitarian aid, diplomacy and fair trade agreements — for starters — can radically lower international hostilities and reduce the likelihood of war. Developing strong international coalitions that use economic carrots and sticks to enforce human rights and environmental protection uses good values and moral methods.
Martin Luther King Jr. used principles and pragmatism when he backed up Rosa Parks in Montgomery, Alabama — that struggle used nonviolent resistance as begun by Parks but used economic sanctions by refusing to take the bus and waging a court case with some of the best lawyers arguing all the way to the Supreme Court. This mix of religious teaching and practical organizing was the model that produced a decade of victories for the Civil Rights movement.
The lives of religious founders were usually lives of the dispossessed, of the refugee, of someone persecuted by the rich and powerful. Yet we hear rich and powerful gaslighting commentators like Tucker Carlson pretend to be religious in the most loony exhortations. We saw Trump order American citizens teargassed so he could stand in front of a church holding a Bible.
The stories of the lives of King and Jesus describe what happens when we unselfishly commit ourselves to doing good. We have a handful of such examples valiantly trying today, such as the Rev. William Barber, whose efforts are indeed reminiscent of Rosa Parks, Dr. King, Rev. James Lawson and the many who taught and acted in a better fashion, in a more moral way, and led to victories.
They actively listened to empathize with others — even their enemies — and like King proclaimed, "The time is always right to do what is right."
We think it is time to recommit ourselves to doing right — the time is right.
— Wim Laven, Ph.D., teaches courses in political science and conflict resolution. Sebastian Santos is a graduate of Portland State University and is pursuing a master's degree at Lewis and Clark College. Dr. Tom H. Hastings is coordinator of conflict resolution BA/BS degree programs and certificates at Portland State University and is PeaceVoice senior editor.


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Captivity conundrum: questioning the re-introduction of captive-bred frogs
D. Coetzee
To protect endangered frogs from disease, scientists sometimes capture and breed them in zoos to keep the species alive while it goes extinct in the wild. But new research has shown that captive-bred frogs have significantly fewer and less diverse skin bacteria than their wild counterparts, casting doubt on the possibility of using captive-bred frogs in re-introduction conservation programs.
By Emma Johnson • September 10, 2019
Passos, L. F., Garcia, G., & Robert, J. Y. (2018). Comparing the bacterial communities of wild and captive golden mantella frogs: Implications for amphibian conservation. PLoS One, 13(10) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205652
Around the world, diseases are threatening amphibians like frogs and salamanders. As a result of this, many species are already extinct in the wild. With no solution in sight, scientists are scrambling to address local conservation challenges that must be solved before tackling amphibian protection on a global scale.
One of these local problems is ensuring the health of endangered frogs that are already kept in captivity. Picture a frog, one with slick, bright orange skin: the Golden Mantella Frog. Now, imagine that your eye is like a microscope, and you can zoom in until even the smallest things come into focus. On the frog's skin, you can see it is covered in naturally-occurring bacteria, which are living harmoniously with the frog.
This relationship between a frog and bacteria that live on its skin is called symbiosis, or more specifically, mutualism: two living things benefiting each other. Bacteria benefit because the frog provides nutrients and a place to live. The frog benefits because skin bacteria can be the first defensive line against disease or infection, potentially crucial in determining whether a frog survives or perishes.
When particularly deadly diseases strike vulnerable frog populations, scientists sometimes have no choice but to conserve species through captive breeding—a process that takes frogs from the wild to breed them in a zoo. Keeping endangered frogs behind glass may be the only chance to save a species for the future, as many diseases will wipe out wild populations completely. Scientists hope that zoos can keep these frogs alive in captivity long enough for deadly diseases to disappear from the environment, but if this does not happen, many of these species may be resigned to a permanent life in a tank.
In addition, a captive-bred existence may actually make frogs more prone to contracting diseases. Researchers predicted that captive-bred frogs would have less skin bacteria because they are kept in a cleaned zoo environment and seldomly interact with other individuals, weakening their bodies' first line of defense.
In a recent study from the journal PLOS One, Drs. Passos, Garcia, and Robert examined the differences in skin bacteria between three Golden Mantella Frog populations, a critically endangered species that is native to Madagascar. Two of the populations were found in the wild, while one was captive-bred. The scientists swabbed eight individuals from the three populations, to collect samples of each frog's skin bacteria for analysis.
The researchers found that the skin of captive-bred frogs possessed fewer bacteria, as well as a lower diversity of bacteria, compared to wild frogs. This might decrease the ability of these frogs to fight off new diseases, which could further endanger them if they were released back into the wild.
Let's return our focus to the bright orange skin of the Golden Mantella frog. Imagine now that you are using your microscope eye to zoom in on a captive-bred individual, and you barely see any bacteria. Without this important symbiotic relationship, this frog might struggle to survive in the wild. Scientists depend on captive breeding so that they can someday reintroduce frogs into their home environments, but if captive-bred frogs are not equipped to fight off disease, reintroduction plans and future frog conservation efforts could be ruined. The decline in frog skin bacteria could be yet another hurdle in a global amphibian conservation strategy fraught with complications.
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Emma Raducanu on her progress: 'I'm learning from every match and I don't think I'm the finished product yet'
Shahida Jacobs
She already has a Grand Slam to her name, but Emma Raducanu is far from the finished article with the teenager admitting she is still finding her feet.
Raducanu won the US Open in September when she became the first qualifier to win a Grand Slam and what made her victory even more remarkable was the fact that she won a major before she had won a match on the regular WTA Tour.
She finally managed to get a win at Tour level under her belt at the Transylvania Open on Tuesday before following it up with a second-round win over Ana Bogdan two days later.
In between her New York fairtale and win in Romania, she also lost her opening match at the BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells, but Raducanu is knows it is part of the learning process.
A post shared by Transylvania Open WTA250 (@transylvaniaopen)
"It was so good to play a Romanian here," she said during her post-match interview. "There are no fans, unfortunately, but there are all the volunteers who make this tournament possible and I loved playing with some noise again, against Ana who is a great opponent.
"I think it's taking me some time to find my feet still. I'm learning from every match I play and I don't think I'm the finished product yet, but I'm learning and I'm loving my time at this tournament."
The third-seeded Raducanu will face sixth seed Marta Kostyuk for a place in the semi-final on Friday.
Emma Raducanu
Live Tennis
2023 Australian Open: Follow day 12 with T365's live scores and results centre…
This way for the action from the 2023 Australian Open.


I obtained this wonderful bit of kit from adam over at hamdmr.co.uk .
Over the last 6 months I have owned this radio and used it on the new up and coming DMR - MARC Repeater system I can't really say much more than its one of the best pieces of kit that I have owned. Easy to program easy to use , capable of sending and receiving text messages, there are 3 versions that I know of , this one its 1-30 w, then there is the high powered version 25-45 w , the DM4601 with integrated Bluetooth audio and data, integrated GPS, text messaging and a full 4-line colour display with day/night mode to make reading work .
you get digital quality audio form that front mounted speaker .
from road traffic to the roar of engines.
To Explain what is what on the front.


1. Which annotation is used to declare a class as a hibernate bean?
@Entity annotation is used to declare a class as an entity.
2. Explain the Query object in Hibernate?
These objects use SQL and HQL string to retrieve data from the database and create objects.
An instance of Query is used to bind query parameters, restrict the number of results returned by the query and finally to execute the query.
3. What is Many-to-Many association in Hibernate?
The Many-to-Many element indicates the relation between one object to many other objects and column attribute is used to link intermediate columns. A Many-to-Many mapping is implemented using a Set Java collection that does not have any redundant element.
4. What is a Many-to-One association in Hibernate?
This association is the common type of association where one object can be associated with multiple objects.
And Many-to-one element defines the Many-to-One association.To the defined variable, a name attribute is set in the parent class and column attribute sets the column name in the parent table.
5. Explain the persistent classes in Hibernate?
In hibernate, the Java classes whose instances and objects are stored in database classes are called persistent classes.
6. Explain the Session in Hibernate?
It is used to get a physical connection with a database. A session object is designed to instantiate each time an interaction is required with the database, whereas the persistent objects are retrieved using a session object.
The session objects are not thread-safe and must be created and destroyed as per the requirement.
7. Explain the Transaction object in Hibernate?
It represents a unit of work with the database and most of the RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) supports transaction functionality.
In Hibernate, transactions are managed by an underlying transaction manager and transaction from JDBC or JTA.
It is an optional object and the Hibernate Application do not use this interface, instead, they handle the transactions in their code.
8. Why is ORM preferred over JDBC?
It allows business code access the objects rather than Database tables.
It hides the details of SQL queries from OO logic.
It is based on JDBC "under hood".
Dealing with database implementation is not required.
Entities are based on business concepts rather than database structures.
It generates the automatic key and Transaction management.
9. What inheritance mapping strategies are available in Hibernate?
10. Mention some of the databases that Hibernate supports?
11. What is difference between save and persist in hibernate?
12. Explain some of the elements of hbm.xml?
It is used to define specific mappings from Java classes to database tables.
It is used to define the mapping of unique ID attribute in class to the primary key of the database table.
It is used to generate the primary key values automatically.
It is used to map a Java class property to a column in the database table.
It is used to map a java.util.set, java.util.Sortedset property in hibernate.
It is used to map a java.util.List property in hibernate.
It is used to map a java.util.Collection property in hibernate.
It is used to map a java.util.Map property in hibernate.
13. What is transient state in hibernate ?
14. Describe the important interfaces of Hibernate framework?
It is an immutable thread safe cache of compiled mappings for a single database.
We are supposed to initialize SessionFactory once and then we are allowed to cache and reuse it.
The SessionFactory instance is used to return the session objects for database operations.
It is a single threaded and short-lived object, which represents a conversation between the persistent store and the application.
The session should be opened only when it is required and should be closed as soon as the user is done.
The session object is the interface between hibernate framework and Java application code and it provides methods for the CRUD operations.
It is a single threaded and short-lived object used by the application, which specifies atomic units of work.
The application is abstracted from the underlying JDBC or JTA transaction.
15. Explain what is a dialect?