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Cult of the Dead Birds
An examination of the phenomena that make us human
About the Name of this blog
This blog's title refers to a Dani fable recounted by Robert Gardner. The Dani live in the highlands of New Guinea, and at the the time he studied them, they lived in one of the only remaining areas in the world un-colonized by Europeans.
The Dani, who Gardner identifies only as a "Mountain People," in the film "The Dead Birds," have a myth that states there was once a great race between a bird and a snake to determine the lives of human beings. The question that would be decided in this race was, "Should men shed their skins and live forever like snakes, or die like birds?" According to the mythology, the bird won the race, and therefore man must die.
In the spirit of ethnographic analysis, this blog will examine myth, society, culture and architecture, and hopefully examine issues that make us human. As with any ethnography, some of the analysis may be uncomfortable to read, some of it may challenge your preconceptions about the world, but hopefully, all of it will enlighten and inform.
It's the End of the World as We Know It, and I Feel Fine
I am writing this blog on the eve of what many people believe will be the last year of human history. The reason they think that this is the last New Year's Eve is because on December 21, 2012, the Mayan calendar ends.
What they fail to recognize is that on December 22, 2012, the Mayan Calendar begins.
This is because, like most societies of antiquity, the Mayans did not view time as linear, they viewed it as cyclical. It is only after the development of Apocalyptic Christianity (and thank you, Saint John the Divine) that time began to be viewed as linear. Even the Old Testament has cyclical themes, where similar events happen over and over.
The cyclical time view is a very natural cognitive progression: day turns into night, which then becomes day again; the moon waxes and wanes over and over; summer follows spring, which turns to fall then winter, then back to spring. Cycles exist everywhere you turn in the natural world, even on the grandest scale. The Big Bang may very well end in the Big Crunch if the universe actually has enough mass to reverse the expansion.
The linear view of time is the cultural anomaly, yet we constantly project a linear view onto the world, even on cultures that do not share that concept. The Mayans, like most Meso-American cultures, viewed time as cyclical, which can be proven by the simple fact that they made their calendar round. A circle has no beginning and no end; when you return to the place you started, a new revolution begins.
I would like to note that the linear view of time is probably an outgrowth of the linear nature of the human life, mixed with a belief in heaven and hell. Most cyclical time cultures also believe in some form of reincarnation or rebirth, where this life is one of many. The Abrahamic Traditions view this life as having an end, and after it ends, we go to an eternal afterlife.
This raises an uncomfortable theological question, if the Universe does end in a Big Crunch do Heaven and Hell also crunch? Also, if the universe ends in entropy, where it turns black and cold and all energy ceases, does heaven also go dark and God fall apart like everything else?
At its root, though, the belief in the end of the world is a very narcissistic world view where people can't bear the thought of life continuing without them. Many people find comfort in the idea that when they die, so does everyone else. Its sort of like, when you leave the party, you want them to kick every else out with you, lock the door and turn off the lights. I have actually talked to people who believe in the Dispensationalist view of the Bible who hope the Rapture happens in their lifetime, so that everyone they love will ascend into Heaven with them.
This is an idea that I find appallingly self centered.
To return to my original point, we are projecting a liner view onto a cyclical calendar. The ancient Mayans would be shocked to hear us say that they predicted the end of the world, they just viewed it as the end of one cycle and the start of another cycle. To them, this would just be the end of the thirteenth b'ak'tun and the start of the fourteenth. The Mayans even developed a complex "horoscope" of the K'atuns (the 7200 day period of the shorter cycle), describing the general character of the cycle. The k'atun that begins next December is one of transition and change, which further reinforces the idea of the restart after the change of b'ak'tun.
This is not to say that the world won't possibly end on December 21st, but if it does, it will be from something much more frightening than a 500 year old Mayan Calender. It will be because people believe so fiercely in the end of the world that they actually bring it about.
You can see this apocalyptic world view in play in may of the fundamentalist Christian churches. May of these people want the Jews to continue to govern Israel, and even see King Solomon's Temple rebuilt, because they believe that those are necessary conditions for Armageddon. They do not support Israel as a goal in and of itself, but just because the existence of Israel is necessary for Jesus to return. (And when he does, they believe the Jews will have to convert to Christianity or go to Hell. Trust me, their support of Israel is not a particularly pro-Jewish action.)
When Harold Stroke predicted the end of the world last May, thousands of people got rid of everything they owned, quit their jobs, and otherwise divested themselves of everything in preparation of the Rapture. In the year 1001, there was mass famine in Europe because people didn't plant crops because they believed that Jesus would come at the end of the Millennium and the world would end.
People want to believe so strongly in the end of days that they will give up everything that they have to prepare for it. They believe so strongly that some will actually even try to bring it about. There have been some hints leaked to the press that the Dispensationalist world view was part of the idea behind the Iraq War, and that the Bush White House was trying to set the stage for the Rapture to occur.
I do not know if these are valid, and I certainly do not wish to fuel any conspiracy theories. However, it does fit with things that I have heard evangelical ministers on TV preach about the Middle Eastern Wars. It could just as easily be that the preachers were creating a Christian mask to enframe the wars as God's will.
In either case, it will only take a few nut jobs who want to bring about the end of the world to actually start something that spirals out of control and does do some significant damage. White supremacists could try to start a second Civil War if Obama get's re-elected. The debt crisis in Europe could spark a new European World War. Iran could lob a nuclear bomb at Israel. Kim Jong Un could do the same with South Korea or Japan. The possibilities are endless; and there are many things happening that could bring the world to it's collective knees.
There is only one thing that is certain; if the worst does happen this year, it will be completely explicable by human behavior.
It will not be because a Meso-American culture five hundred years ago ended a calendar cycle on December 21, 2012.
Posted by Scott Sworts at 6:39 PM No comments:
Labels: Cyclical Time, Doomsday, End of the World, Mayan Calendar, prophecy, Rapture
The Case For Soft Polytheism
When there is only one truth, there can be no peace. When there are many truths, peace is possible.
Many social scientists state monotheism is more culturally advanced than polytheism, and is the natural progression of human society. On the surface, this seems to be a plausible extrapolation – after all, polytheism in the western world was obliterated (or retreated into the shadows) a millennia ago, with the absorption of the Celts. It would seem, at least from a western point of view that monotheism is a hallmark of an advanced society.
But is it really? Hinduism and Shintoism are overtly polytheistic, Buddhism, with its Hindu roots, has polytheistic overtones. I dare say that no one would question Japan as an advanced society, and India is fast becoming a world player. Although China is technically atheistic, the Buddhist traditions run deep. None of these countries have become monotheistic as they have advanced technologically.
Furthermore, the Greeks and Romans were more advanced than any societies that existed until at least the 1700's. If monotheism cemented societal advances, the Roman Empire should have reached its zenith, or at least underwent a renaissance, after Constantine. Instead, the Empire fragmented, the barbarians sacked Rome, and Europe was plunged into the dark ages. It could just as easily be argued that monotheism destroys societies.
However, since most anthropologists are from the west, enculturation probably plays a role in this statement of societal evolution. There has been a long tradition in cultural anthropology to practice a rather paternalistic and superior attitude toward the societies being studied. This is reinforced by the fact that the modern empires have all been Western, even if the cultures subjugated are millennia older than the European countries.
The reality is that social evolution does not tend toward monotheism as it advances nor does it, in and of itself, advance society. The two are completely disconnected; we just fall back to the natural belief of the superiority of our own culture, and consequently conflate the two.
The reality is that in order for society to advance as we move forward, we must fall back to what I term a "soft polytheism." What I mean by this is, an individual culture may be monotheistic, but they also recognize the validity of other religions and other deities. This is not saying, "I accept that they worship another God, even though I know that their God is false, but I'll allow them their own beliefs, even though I know that they are wrong." It is actually saying, "I worship my God, and through that God I have found my own personal salvation, but I know there are other Gods that can lead other people to their own Salvation. No God is better than any other, except on a personal basis, and what is right for me is not right for everyone."
This is a radical statement, as it goes even beyond what liberal theologians like John Spong espouse. Their view is that everyone worships the same God by different names. That may or may not be actually true, but it is better for society to take the issue entirely off the table by accepting soft polytheism. Saying that there is only one God that we all worship in different ways is actually still pretty paternalistic toward people who profoundly believe that they are multitudes of deities.
In the ancient world, there were no wars fought over the Gods, war was for more concrete issues such as territory, money, trade and resources. In fact, it was typical for a conqueror to adopt the pantheon of the subjugated land. An example of this the Ptolomies converting to the worship of the Egyptian deities and building temples in their honor, such as the complex at Dendara, dedicated to Hathor. Gods were tied to the land, and if someone went to another land where other Gods were worshiped, they typically adopted the new deities.
The Bible, written by monotheists, documents the first incidents of religious warfare. Except for the Bible, there are few, if any, documented cases of people fighting over the validity of a God. There are contentions between people, such as the strife between Sparta and Athens that had a religious component, but neither side was trying to convert the other to the worship of their patron deity, they were just trying to prove their God was better, kind of like modern sports rivalries.
I would also like to note, the Old Testament does not deny other deities, it just commands the Jews to have no other God than YHVH. The fact that they name their deity, unlike Christians who just call Him God, indicates that they needed to differentiate Him from other Gods. It is the strict monotheism of the later Abrahamic traditions that dispense with the need for God to have a name. And by the way, Allah just means God in Arabic. Arab Christians (yes, they do exist) call God Allah as well.
And it is this latter Abrahamic tradition that has caused so much grief in the world. When there is only one God, all other Gods must, by definition be false, or worse, the other Gods are actually Lucifer in masquerade. This then leads the faithful to have to convert the Heathen to give them salvation or literally pull them from the clutches of Satan. When you view other religions as games or satanic, you cannot hold respect for them, and by extension, for the people who follow them. It also makes the infidel or heretic among the most depraved of individuals, as they are embracing fakery or evil.
In the end, this belief that all other religions are false will make it impossible to deal with its followers honorably. In a way, the overt hatred of people of other faiths is better than the subtle paternalistic distain that many "enlightened" people demonstrate. I saw this same kind of behavior in the South (and also in Boulder) among many "liberals." They treated other races with the same sort of kindness I show my dog. I love him, but I know he is still a dog, and no matter how much I would like him to, he will never be able to understand Quantum Physics. The pseudo-liberals do the same thing to people of other races and religions; they treat them well, but you can tell that they know in their hearts they are better. I'd rather deal with overt hatred than this patronizing attitude; at least I can fight against the people who hate openly.
But to return to my point: if we all accept our deity as one among many, we can accept those other deities as good and loving, and most importantly, valid. This does not mean that we have to celebrate those other Gods, just that we have to respect that they are as worthy of worship as our own. Many members of polytheistic religions have a single God that they feel the strongest kinship with.
If each one of us accepted this Truth, we will have bridged one of the greatest chasms that divide us. If we accept that all religions are good, all of them strive to help their adherents become better people, and their followers are as profoundly devout as we are, we will see true peace on the horizon.
And trust me; this will actually bring us closer to our own individual Gods.
Posted by Scott Sworts at 10:30 PM No comments:
Labels: cultural behavior, God, monotheism, polytheism, religion
The Essence of Architecture
Architecture is a cultural container. At it's purest form, it is a built representation of our value system, our cultural beliefs, our social structure and even the patterns of our lives. It represents our views of cosmology, theology, sociology and psychology. It demonstrates our technology and our science.
In short, you can look at architecture and determine a large amount of information about the culture that built it.
On a side note, the buildings are one of the main resources available to archeologists. The buildings, coupled with the artifacts contained within, are typically the only resources you have to understand a pre-literate society.
But why is architecture such a significant identity marker?
The answer comes from the Theory of Essences. Before I explore how this impacts architecture, I will briefly cover what this term means.
The origins of this theory date back to pre-Socratic Greek philosophy, which addressed what could be termed the "Folk Theory of Essences." First of all, folk theory refers to an informal theory (as opposed to a scientific theory) and it typically an unconscious characterization. In the folk theory of essences, you essentially say that there are certain characteristics that define something.
For example, there are certain identifiers that make an animal a dog. You are probably not even consciously aware of how you determine the animal bounding toward you is a dog, you just know it is. It is something we learn as a very small child. If we came from culture that did not differentiate between dogs and cats, we might have very different folk theory of essences referring to them. Perhaps we would categorize them as small animals that live in our houses; it might even be possible that we would categorize the small lap dogs with cats while the large working breeds might get lumped in with livestock.
But at the root, the folk theory of essences allows us to identify what something is in relationship to other things like it. The theory of essences is at the root of ontology. Dogs and chairs can have very different appearances, but when we see any dog or any chair, we are probably going to know what it is. (However, don't even get me started on Chinese Cresteds, those are not dogs, they're freaks of nature.)
According to Lakoff, there are three things that characterize what an essence is: essences are substances; essences are forms; and, essences are patterns of change. These three things are what we analyze to categorize an object. Everyone does it, it is a part of our psycho-social makeup. Humans are pattern makers, it's how our brains work.
The folk theory of essences gives us an ability to understand the world around us at a basic level, but for the expert, the theory of essences needs to be combined with Aristotle's theory of categories. This theory refers to a set of necessary conditions and inherent properties that define something. We are able to identify a dog by simple characteristics, but a biologist has a far stricter categorization that is necessary to define an animal as a dog. And sometimes, as in the case of moths and butterflies, even biologists can't actually work up the exact categorical differences.
It should be noted that the theory of essences is not the entire foundation of science, because, as in the moth/butterfly example, these essences do not tell the entire story. The theory of essences informs scientific thought, but it is not the entirety of scientific theory. But for fields like architecture, the theory of essences lies at the core of the profession.
This is where the folk theory of essences comes in, and where it combines with naturalized culture. Most Americans can look at a strip mall or a church and know exactly what it is. There are cultural markers that we understand through the folk theory of essences that identify a building for it's purpose. If we took someone from a vastly different culture, or a different point in history, they would have no idea what the building was or how it was used. (There is a wonderful book to this effect called the "Motel of the Mysteries" where a group of archaeologists from the future completely misinterpret a motel as a burial complex. You should see what they think the toilet lid is used for.)
Every group of people is encultured to understand the essences of the objects that surround them. No one could function without this awareness, because it would mean that every time we encountered a chair that looked different from any chair we had seen before, we would not recognize it as a chair and we would have no idea how to use it. This explains why, when we excavate objects belonging to non-literate societies, we often cannot figure out how they were used. This leads to the typical archaeologists dodge, "it must have been ceremonial." It probably wasn't, but we have no way to understand it's purpose, because we do not understand it's essence.
The architect, on the other hand, cannot simply rely on the folk theory of essences. Architects, just like any other professional, must understand the expert theory of essences as it relates to their profession. Architects must do more than recognize the cultural markers that identify a church, they must understand those markers, and understand how to manipulate them without violating their essences.
This is one of the great failings of modernism. Modernists tried to turn their backs on cultural markers, especially in non-Western cultures such as Chandigarh. By attempting to remove cultural identity from architecture, they removed many aspects of it's essence. It is interesting to note, however, eventually culture catches up. Now we have accommodated Modernism into our folk theory of essences about architecture and we can understand it better. We can look at a Modernist building and categorize it through our redefined cultural markers, but this understanding took years to penetrate into naturalized culture.
But at the core, the theory of essences is something that architects cannot ignore. To create architecture that the public can engage, the architect must understand and apply this theory in an expert manner. An architect can create a church that looks nothing like the traditional church, but he or she must include enough markers for the regular person to feel that the space is sacred.
This is why architects need a diverse education, they must be able to understand all of the factors that feed into our understanding of culture, and by extension, our understanding of architecture. The architect must enframe society into their buildings, to allow their buildings to help define society.
It is a powerful cycle.
Labels: Architecture, Essence, Lakoff, Metaphor, Ontology, Philosophy, Theory
The Paradox of Fundamentalism
There is a worldwide trend of fundamentalist sects growing in secular power.
You see this in the religious litmus tests in American politics. No candidate in America would be elected to high office without referring to God and working in the phrase, "God Bless America." This is one of the few truly bipartisan movements in the United States; it does not matter whether the candidate is a Democrat or a Republican, both sides constantly invoke God. (And God forbid any President dare skip the National Prayer Breakfast. I think they would be immediately impeached for that.)
You see this growth in the power of the Taliban, Muslim Brotherhood and other Islamic groups. Countries that overthrew their dictators are willingly handing power over to religious dominance. It is likely that Sharia Law will become the foundation of the constitutions in most of these new democracies. (Which leads to the question, will democracy turn out to be like free will, where it only exists long enough to give all power over to God?)
You see this in the growing influence of the Ultra-Orthodox Jews in Israel. This group is bending Israeli society to their strict interpretation of the Torah, where the sexes cannot mingle in any way and women are treated like second class citizens. (There was an incident recently where a woman refused to move to the back of the bus when an Ultra-Orthodox man demanded she do so, because, according to Leviticus, no man may sit behind a woman. The police were called because of the near riot her refusal provoked. I should note, she finished her bus ride sitting in the front. Score one for equality.)
But why is there this trend? Why, after decades of movement toward a secular society are we seeing this return to fundamentalist interpretations of religion? And why, after enshrining secular democracy as the pinnacle of governmental development are we seeing a return to a modified form of the Divine Right?
On a side note, how many candidates for the Republican presidential nomination are running because they claim God told them to? It is certainly more than one, which then leads to a disturbing set of questions: does God like fighting, so He tells multiple people to run, just to see the brawl; is God fickle, and changes his mind on who He wants to run the way normal people change their socks; or most theologically disturbing, are different Gods telling Their candidates to run and we are having a proxy battle between a diverse pantheon?
But back to the main point, why is there this rush back to fundamentalist religious views?
I think the most likely answer is that we live in uncertain times, and God provides a certainty. God also provides cover for a denial of progress and justifies reactionary urges in a way that cannot be argued with.
This has happened before. One of the outgrowths of the Black Plague was the Inquisition, and that was a logical development given the situation.
The plague overturned the social order in Europe; had it never occurred Serfdom and Feudalism would have continued on for a significant length of time. But with the mass deaths of the 1400's, labor became a scare commodity, which lead to the rise of a merchant class, the guilds and the idea of "employment." It broke the back of the Feudal society and led to the Renaissance and the Reformation. In a relatively short time society transformed completely. Short is relative here, given the lack of speedy transference of ideas without electronic communications.
A natural outgrowth of this transformation was the rise of the Inquisition, which became a last ditch reactionary movement to slow or halt the transformation. (It also had other "benefits," including consolidation of power, etc.) But at it's heart, the Inquisition was a way to try to take society back to a more "Godly" way and root out ideas that questioned the way things were.
We are in that sort of a transformation again. Society is changing in ways that many people don't like. Some don't like the changes because they are altering the normatives, others don't like them because they are threatening the entrenched power structure. So the best way to combat the changes is to claim that these changes go against God. It is the ultimate trump card, because fear of God is at it's root fear of ourselves.
I would like to note that this dislike of societal transformation is similar to the Fear-anger-hate chain that I discussed at length in previous blog posts, but there are differences as well. The fear-anger-hate chain is the result of a certain amount of powerlessness to stop the inexorable tide of change. The insertion of God's Will into the discussion is an attempt to actually turn the tide. (Which is a very fitting Moses reference)
It becomes the ultimate firewall to try to invoke a Fundamentalist view of God to reverse a societies course. And, sometimes it works, at least on the short term scale. Had it not been for the invasion of Afghanistan the Taliban would have likely continued in power for decades, keeping that country locked in a medieval world. (An no, I am not going to address whether I think the invasion was right or wrong, I am merely pointing out that the Taliban's fundamentalist view of Islam cemented a stagnation in that country, and would have continued for quite a while)
In the end, the Inquisition failed to stop the Enlightenment, but it did slow it down. It applied a braking mechanism on the change, but ironically it made the change stronger when it came. It did this because it forced the great thinkers of the day, who were driving the transformation, to solidly construct their arguments and force them to have a strong ontology and epistemology. Since they developed better arguments, in the long run, it became harder for the church to rally support against them.
This leads to the paradox of fundamentalism; in the short term, fundamentalism strengthens religion, but in the long term it sows the seeds of the destruction of religion. Today, in the West at least, we would never accept the Divine Right of Kings to rule over us. This refusal to accept a Godly dictator came from people like Thomas Jefferson having to construct irrefutable arguments as to why democracy was essential. His arguments would never have been as eloquent if he did not have to fight against the weight of God's Will.
Even though we want our candidates to be inspired by God to run, we still demand the right to approve God's choice, in essence giving us veto power over God. This leads to other disturbing questions of omnipotence that I am not going to address right now.
A modern example can be found in the issue of gay marriage. The fundamentalist arguments against it forced the supporters to be better at presenting their case. The result of this is, for the first time, gay marriage supporters are a slight majority in the country. This is the paradox at work, the louder and more viciously opponents argue against it, the tide is inexorably flowing toward marriage equality.
In the end, Fundamentalism is another self-defeating process, because it forces the opponents that narrow view to create irrefutable arguments on their side as well. And given that the only constant is change, eventually the Fundamentalist must bow to defeat.
Labels: change, Feudalism, fundamentalism, paradox, religion
Hate Not Heritage
It is time, that we as Americans recognized a simple truth - there is nothing honorable about the Confederate Flag. It is a symbol no less polarizing or horrifying than the Nazi Flag. And in saying this, I am not pulling the Nazi card, where people today conflate a relatively minor atrocity (or something they disagree with) with Nazi Germany.
I have stated this as a point of actual, on par, comparison. (Yes, more people died during World War Two, but how many millions died under the yoke of slavery in the United States in the 200 years that it was legal?)
When I first moved to the South to take a job in Savannah, I passed through a gas station in Tennessee that had a large amount of merchandise that displayed the Confederate Flag. Coming from Colorado where the Confederate flag is considered at best an inappropriate thing to display, these products shocked me. Most upsetting of all was one T-shirt that read, "It is better to have fought and lost than to never have fought at all; the South shall rise again."
I realized in that moment that even though 150 years have passed since the start of the Civil War, the South still thinks it was in the right. And in that moment, I also realized that I would never be able to call the South "home." I might live there, but that would be all that I would do. I also realized that I needed to leave that part of the country as soon as I could.
I have now left, never to return. And that vow is brought about in no small part because of the attitude in the South toward the Civil War and the Confederate Flag.
First, I want to state, the Civil War was entirely about Slavery, specifically, about the South refusing to accept the end of it. If you read historical accounts of the time, you will discover that this is the truth. At the time, the South did not even try to hide that fact. They came right out and said that they would go to war before they would allow any further restrictions on slavery.
It is only a historical revisionist attempt to state that the war was not about slavery, it was about state's rights. The right of the state that it was about was the "right" to own other people. Americans need to stop thinking that "Gone With the Wind." is a historical document, it is one of the most vile reconstructions of history ever perpetrated in America.
So I will say again, the Civil War was about one thing, the South's desire to own people, and the Confederate Flag is the banner that they rallied around in that rebellion.
The actual symbol on the Confederate Flag, the Saint Andrew's Cross, is not an evil symbol, any more than the original swastika is evil. Both symbols have become perverted and changed out of their original form. The inverted Swastika that comprises the Nazi flag has become a symbol of hate, divorced from it's original positive meanings, just as the Saint Andrew's Cross is perverted by the addition of the stars and the red field it is displayed on.
I would see bumper stickers all over the South that proudly displayed the Confederate Flag paired with the statement "Heritage not Hate." Let's look at that.
If it is about heritage, it is about a heritage of causing a needless war that killed more Americans than all other the other wars we have fought as a country COMBINED. More American soldiers died in the Civil War than died in the rest of our 200+ year military history put together. And it was a war of choice, a war that happened solely because the Southern States knew that sooner or later slavery would be ended. The South sunk the United States in a ocean of blood, just for the right to own other human beings.
Some heritage. It makes a person proud.
Again, this is all fact, not spin, and can be easily sourced. I would start with the excellent book "Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong" by James W. Loewen. Or better yet, just examine The "Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union" where South Carolina specifically holds up the rights of slave owners above "State's Rights." (Which blows a hole in that entire "State's Rights" falsehood) Another damning document is Mississippi's "Declaration of the Immediate Cause" which says, "Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery--the greatest material interest of the world." If you read the actual documents of the time, you see that slavery was the cause of the Civil War.
These attitudes towards slavery have not died with the end of the Civil War, they've not died with the Civil Rights Movement, they've not even died with the election of a black President. In the South, there is still a deep, although rarely voiced, desire to bring back the institution.
I first discovered this shortly after moving to Savannah. I went driving around the region, trying to discover the land in which I was now living. I got lost in the backwoods of Georgia, to the point that I started listening for banjos. I came upon what I can only describe as a compound, ringed by Confederate Flags. In front of the compound was a billboard that read "And the children of Ham shall ever be servants of Man." This is a direct reference to Genesis 9:25, which is the bible verse used to not only justify the slavery of Africans, but to state that it is God's Will that they be slaves. (Africans have been interpreted by Biblical scholars to be the "Children of Ham.")
I wanted to pull the car over and take a picture of the sign, but as a long haired "Yankee" driving a small British sports car, I decided that it was in the interest of my continued health and well being that I drove quickly on.
After seeing this, I asked one of the Administrative Assistants at work about it. She grew up in Savannah, and as a black woman growing up there, she was quite familiar with the racism in the South. She informed me that she was certain, that if they put the issue to a vote, and only whites were allowed to cast a ballot, that they would vote overwhelmingly to reinstitute slavery. She said that she personally had met people who got angry every time they saw an African-American who was not wearing shackles.
After this incident, I was speaking with another friend of mine who knows a couple of white supremacists. (I need to note, he is not one himself, but he comes into contact with them through his line of work) He informed me that there are lists out there that document who owns who so that when slavery is returned, the owners can take back their property.
This is not ancient history, this is the underbelly of modern America. An underbelly that rallies around the Confederate flag as the symbol of it's goals as surely as the neo-Nazis rally around the Swastika.
In my last few weeks in the South, I saw a pickup truck with large Confederate Flags plastered on the sides and a sign in the back window that read, "Vote 2012, it's time to take back the plantation." He was driving with this sign, proudly, through the streets of Savannah, with no fear of reprisal what so ever. The boldness of this astonished and terrified me.
A symbol is a powerful thing. It can raise up armies, it can turn brother against brother, it can tear a country apart.
That is what the Confederate Flag is. And that is it's power, and why it must be repudiated by all Americans.
I saw another bumper sticker down there that said, "Bring back the Old South." I wish I could have asked the car's owner what part of the Old South did he want to bring back? Did he want to bring back the shackles, the chains, the whips, the beatings, the forced labor, the degradation, the humiliation, the forced rapes, the families torn apart, the dogs, the grinding of an entire race into the dirt, the boots on the throats of people who did nothing wrong except to be born a different color?
We need to accept that, for a large segment of the American population, the flapping of the Confederate Flag will always carry the sound of the rattle of a slave's chains.
Labels: Confederate Flag, Hate, Racism, Rebellion, Southern Culture, Symbols
For a place that prides itself in it's history of rebellion, I have never been anywhere that demands more conformity. In the South, rebellion is not permitted, at least not within the social construct.
Rebellion outside of the culture is acceptable; the Tea Party is praised for it's "rebellion" against the Federal Government. But within the bounds of Southern society, even mild non-conformity is treated far more harshly than elsewhere.
This seeming inconsistency has bothered me for a long time; why is the South so caught up in obedience and bowing to the internal power structure, while building an entire identity around refusal to bow to an external power structure?
Then I realized, the South is nothing but a group of Goth teenagers.
Not literally of course, but there is an incredible parallel between the two groups. Both pride themselves on their rejection of cultural normatives on the larger scale, while strictly enforcing an internal set of normatives. (Normatives are social constructs that define "normal" behavior - they set the limits of what is acceptable and create boundaries that define deviance.)
Goth kids reject the "acceptable" behavior of the larger society, and create a new set of appropriate behaviors within their group. They consider themselves to be complete non-conformists, but they all dress alike, act alike, listen to the same music, etc. How can you be a non-conformist when you look like everyone else? (As reference to how powerful these internal sanctions can be, I once knew a Goth girl who dyed her hair back to it's original mousy brown, she was shunned and pressured by her peers until she dyed it black again.)
It all comes back to an identity of shared persecution. Both Southerners and Goths feel like no one understands them, that they are being persecuted by the tyrannical "other," whether it is the Federal Government or parents and school systems. And this very persecution gives them their sense of identity, and it strengthens the social bonds within the group.
Things like the Confederate Flag and black eyeliner become the rallying points of a culture under attack. I have written two blog posts on how Southern Culture feels like it is under attack, so I won't cover old ground here, but the naturalized culture of the South is under what is perceived to be an attack.
And like a group of Goths, Southerners cling to identity markers and a tight knit social structure. The adversity of persecution reinforces the social compact, and makes that compact even more essential. It should be noted that neither the South nor the Goth are actually mistreated for the most part, it is a perception that is actually part of the identity of the "outsider." It is a part of the construct.
And that construct is a powerful thing; it is what gives that group their strength.
It should be noted that actual persecution is different from illusionary persecution. Even though both typically reinforce cultural markers, actual persecution can also degrade culture if it is perceived as to dangerous to maintain that culture. The persecution of Southern culture is illusionary in that no one is actually in physical danger from their culture; the threat to their culture is rooted in epistimology.
To return to the main point, when people feel like everyone is against them, their internal bonds get much stronger, because they feel like they have no one else. It creates a sense of "you and me against the world," which leads to an extremely tight society. Just like "Southern Nice," it becomes a bulwark against an existential threat.
But it goes further than that. It becomes a method of internal control. When a group is under threat, there can be no internal dissention. Look at how a fractured America came together after Pearl Harbor or after September 11th. No matter what your political persuasion was, after those events, all other sub-categories disappeared, and the only identity of any importance was that of being an American.
People, at their root, are herd animals. (We don't like to think of it that way, but all social animals revert back to group-think in times of stress or crisis.) As herd animals, our identity submerges into the collective identity at these times. This leads to the ability of the "alpha" to control the behavior of the rest of the group.
You see it in the Goth sub-culture, and you see it in the South, with dynamic preachers or politicians. The leaders take this strong need to belong and use it to manipulate behavior, through the use of the Third Dimension of Power. They make people do what they want them to do, because people, especially people belonging to a persecuted group, cannot afford to lose the ties to their band.
In essence, the leaders perpetuate the sense of persecution by the outside world to reinforce their internal control mechanism.
And it is not just Southerners and Goths that this happens to. You see it in the Republican Party and in the Christian Churches. You see it in every ethic group with a strong cultural identity. Democrats wonder why the Republicans see themselves as an oppressed minority even when they run the entire show. Non-Christians don't understand the brouhaha over the "War on Christmas," when Christmas is the biggest holiday in America. People wonder why immigrants don't abandon their languages and their traditions now that they live in America.
It has to do with this control, and this sense of identity through persecution. By setting themselves us as the oppressed, some Republicans and some Christians reinforce the internal bonds of their sub-cultures. It pulls them together, and supports their identities. It creates boundaries on the group's behavior and causes them to revert back to a herd mentality. It creates a cultural dynamism that creates an opportunity for the group to move as a cohesive whole.
The basic core of this is, "I have no one else to turn to, so I must obey the rules to avoid being cast out of the one group that accepts me."
Cultural identity is an important thing, and I am not trying to demean it here. This dynamic gives people a sense of safety and of belonging. What I am talking about is the deliberate set up of persecution to create identity within a group.
In the end, setting yourself up as part of an outcast group becomes a self fulfilling prophecy.
Labels: Conformity, cultural behavior, Normatives, Outcast, Rebellion, Southern
It's the End of the World as We Know It, and I Fee...
Scott Sworts
I was born and raised in Colorado. Even though I have lived other places, I always return. I do a little bit of everything, but focus on teaching architecture, writing about architecture and practicing architecture. There seems to be a theme developing here.


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NooBuzz
Home How To
How to Use Lemon Wood Salt
Joao C.
The restoration, care, and maintenance of wood furniture are never easy, there are many steps and procedures, using different products such as varnish, fixer, paint, and removers, which we must take into account for different purposes. One of these processes is the removal of stains on this material, which returns the original color of the worn furniture, giving it a better final finish after using special products for this purpose, as is the case of lemon salt for wood.
Image source: Pixabay
Oxalic acid, better known in its presentation as Lemon Salt for wood, is a crystalline compound in powder form that, after being dissolved in water, results in a viscous liquid, a little thick, whose texture facilitates its distribution on wood surfaces. Despite its name, this product does not consist only of salt and lemon, or any citric substance, but it is manufactured from different chemical compounds, so it cannot be replaced with any homemade recipe or preparation outside specialized factories.
Also read: How to Make Crack Cement Mix
How to apply lemon salt for wood
This cleaner and restorer, removes gray stains that appear in the wood, by the action of time and weathering, ultraviolet rays and contact with lime and cement, helps remove artificial stains from the material, which are left as a residue of old paint applied on the surfaces and allows them to return to their original color. However, for the lemonwood salt to work properly, it must be applied to the furniture that has had previous layers of paint or varnish removed.
Its application is very simple, just cover your furniture well with a layer of lemonwood salt, with the help of a brush, taking care not to leave spaces without the product. This should not be left to dry on the surface, so after one hour of its application, proceed to remove it with plenty of clean water and a bristle brush.
Translated and adapted by Noobuzz staff.
Sources: Facilisimo
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Recreating Household Dynamics in Adulthood
By horadrap
Regardless of what a particular person ordeals in childhood, he normally takes with him into adulthood and usually subconsciously recreates or re-enacts those dynamics in university, at places of employment, in clubs and corporations, in his possess relatives, and, if he seeks restoration, even in twelve-phase conferences. Irrespective of whether these ordeals are beneficial or adverse in character, they grow to be internalized and acknowledged and, if the individual needs to adjust any thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and reactions centered upon them, he desires to discover, fully grasp, tackle, procedure, and transcend them. It is not likely that he will be in a position to do this on his very own.
Mainly because mothers and fathers are not great and normally do the very best they can dependent upon their own upbringing circumstances, no house-of-origin can ever be a flawless natural environment in which a human being can be entirely organized for lifetime.
However, Anthony Stevens makes an attempt to depict what an great household could theoretically seem like in his guide, On Jung (Routledge, 1990, p. 97). "… Maturation proceeds by way of a sequence of innate archetypal expectations, which the surroundings possibly succeeds or fails to satisfy," he states. "The most crucial of these anticipations are that the surroundings will offer ample warmth and nourishment for survival a loved ones consisting of mom, father, and friends adequate space for exploration and enjoy safety from enemies and predators a group to provide language, myth, faith, ritual, codes of actions, tales, values, initiatives, and, finally, a mate and an economic function and/or vocational position."
Grownup young children who improve up with alcoholic, para-alcoholic, dysfunctional, and even abusive parents are powerless to beat, escape from, or even have an understanding of their situation and usually attribute any shaming, significant, blaming, or detrimental behavior toward them as justified actions for the reason that of their personal inadequacies, inferiorities, or just prepare unlovability. Pressured, with out choice, to flee in just and build a trauma-sparked, time-arrested inner boy or girl, they cease to develop, changing their accurate selves with wrong or synthetic ones and unknowingly adopt survival traits by suggests of rewired brains, as they expect very similar situations in the outside environment they had been subjected to in the inside a single.
Some of these characteristics, which were created to survive, endure, tolerate, and modify to unstable, unsafe, and even unsafe instances when maturity, resources and brain improvement had been missing, consist of isolating, turning into afraid of mum or dad-representing authority figures, searching for approval, fearing anger and criticism, adopting addictions and compulsions, self-determining as victims, overdeveloping their senses of responsibility, habitually harnessing worry, pitying many others as an alternative of truly loving them, repressing childhood thoughts to the point of numbed annihilation, fearing abandonment, and staying constantly reactive.
When an grownup little one finally leaves his residence-of-origin, he is not a blank slate who starts all above yet again in the entire world past its doors. As an alternative, he will take all of his activities, understandings, feelings, fears, and defenses with him, and unknowingly equally expects and recreates them as he progresses along his life's route.
One of his "recreations" includes his unconscious will need to proceed to re-enact 1 or far more of the household roles he may possibly have adopted throughout his upbringing.
Starting to be a hero, a person of them, he intellectually and functionally rises earlier mentioned his pain and transforms himself into what the late restoration expert John Bradshaw termed "a human carrying out as opposed to a human being." As an overachiever, he might generate superior grades in faculty, join extracurricular golf equipment, turn out to be the captain of the soccer staff, and win awards.
"The hero kid of a dysfunctional spouse and children might request to make great grades," according to the Grownup Young children of Alcoholics textbook (Entire world Services Organization, 2006, p. 98). "This is the honor student who reveals the globe that his relatives values training and is therefore stable."
What it actually is, however, is the equivalent of the perfect household portrait in which everybody wears suits, clever attire, and smiles, but it deludes and deflects viewpoints and covers up the madness and chaos that may perhaps perform out guiding closed doors.
Other spouse and children roles include things like the mascot-or the boy or girl who regularly attempts to minimize as a result of the rigidity with jokes and humor-and the dropped baby, who senses his natural environment is not safe and thus fades into the background, failing to express an opinion and cutting down himself to tiny far more than a shadow that dances on the walls. He retreats in just, fantasizing in his space, escaping his severe reality as a result of books and motion pictures, and disconnecting from his conditions. Shrinking and slinking, he may wonder if his graphic will truly show up in the mirror if he passes a person.
The scapegoat, the fourth form, is the youngster who fields all of the blame, anger, obligation, and disgrace, regardless of whether he has any part in the circumstance or not.
"These survival roles are inclined to have a hardy lifetime and continue being fastened in our personalities very long just after we have left our harmful households… ," according to the Adult Young children of Alcoholics textbook (ibid, p. 98). "(Grownup small children) can look at their family members and see the roles in influence decades just after the children have grown up and still left the loved ones."
The hero, for occasion, may perhaps assume an ever-escalating selection of obligations at his position and not even be compensated for them-nor, ironically, believe that that he deserves to be. The mascot may only comprehend humor as the way to offer with rigidity and adversity, considering that he failed to attain any other tools with which to do so. The misplaced child may quietly and unassumingly accomplish his operate at operate, never hoping to be anything at all extra that what his entry-amount title indicates and not even be acknowledged by his identify by extra than a couple of of his coworkers. And the scapegoat, acquiring acquired a hairpin trigger, may promptly take duty for something amiss or entirely missing–so made use of to this conversation is he.
Throughout planning for a current surprise birthday get together for one particular of the females in my business, for occasion, this spouse and children dynamic plainly performed out. Whilst quite a few established up plates, placed candles on the cake, and wrapped gifts, a single worker, whom I knew to be an grownup kid, asked for different goods as she wrapped her own existing.
"Do you have any tape?" she asked. "Where's the scissors? Is that the only ribbon we have?"
Each time the tension appeared to create within of her.
"Do you have a bow so I can complete wrapping this present for NADIA'S' Stupid BIRTHDAY?" she finally screamed.
Incredulous, some others shot her a look, questioning how an situation that was meant to be pleasurable could be perceived with this kind of psychological turmoil.
Searching at her, I calmly claimed, "It can be awesome that you can sign up for us at the party, Mr. Smith."
I knew that she was acting out what her father experienced usually accomplished at home and "brought him" to the place of work. Parties had been not pleasant events for her. Instead, they were fraught with chaos and rigidity established by her para-alcoholic mum or dad and this was all she knew, as she relived her upbringing circumstances.
"By doing the job the steps, the adult little one realizes family roles ended up necessary to approximate safety in an unsafe household," the Grownup Small children of Alcoholics textbook advises (ibid, p. 97). "We frequently feared for our basic safety and took on roles to disarm our moms and dads."
Without a doubt, an grownup kid's location of work signifies a microcosm of his house-of-origin. Unrecovered, he carries this dynamic with him. After yet again powerless and seeking to establish his part, function, and goal within just it, he may possibly watch his boss as a mother or father-symbolizing authority determine, fearing him, but producing wonderful attempts to mask this simple fact. He might re-enact any amount of survival characteristics and family roles, from folks-pleasing to overachieving.
The Grownup Young children of Alcoholics workplace laundry listing, encompassing ten a lot more traits than the initial laundry list's fourteen, information these upbringing-bred manifestations.
"The place of work laundry listing is a list of 24 statements that explain several of our feelings and interactions at operate… ," in accordance to the Adult Children of Alcoholics textbook (ibid., pp 416-417). "(It) displays how we can attempt to recreate our dysfunctional household roles at do the job or in some social settings."
It is substantial and consists of, to identify only a couple, perceiving a boss as the alcoholic guardian and a coworker as a sibling, emotion various than other folks, becoming not able to inquire for assistance or instruction, remaining fearful of criticism, needing to individuals-you should, striving for perfection, becoming a workaholic, exhibiting a large tolerance for dysfunction and chaos, and emotion damage when other individuals exclude them from write-up-operate features and get-togethers.
Unresolved loved ones-of-origin fears, traumas, distrusts, and distortions deliver walls an grownup child cannot penetrate or get around with no major recovery and they provide as barriers amongst him, other individuals, the planet-at-huge, and the Higher Electrical power of his comprehending. Making an attempt to see and realize God, in fact, can be absolutely nothing short of making an attempt to see Him via cracked glass.
"… A lot of of us transferred the characteristics of our parents onto God," the Adult Youngsters of Alcoholics textbook details out (ibid, p. 219). "We projected our abandoning mom and dad onto a Bigger Electricity, believing that God was vengeful or indifferent. Even if we imagined God was appreciate, numerous of us secretly questioned if He really cared or listened."
Twelve-action meetings could be the final venue in which household dynamics are recreated. Ignorant of their composition, which involves the functioning of them by a Better Electricity, the will need to function the ways and the traditions, and the rotation of service positions among attendees, an adult baby may well erroneously conclude that whoever to start with reads the opening and introduces the subject matter, ought to be the authority figure who is "in charge of it all." He might truly feel insecure and jittery. He may possibly come to feel a require to be in control to foster the notion of safety. And it may well just take many conferences prior to he dares his 1st share, rehearsing it in his head in advance of he vocalizes it, and then berating himself afterward when he realizes he unsuccessful to supply the picture-excellent performance he experienced meant. These are all household dynamic recreations.
Irrespective of whether a particular person is reared in an unstable, unsafe, dysfunctional residence and can therefore be labeled an "adult baby" or arrives from a loving, supportive one particular, he subtly learns what he experiences and anticipates the similar disorders just after he leaves it. Both of those kinds subconsciously recreate and re-enact them at situations and each might not be conscious that this dynamic is at engage in. Yet, if the particular person from the far more destructive atmosphere needs to uproot these behaviors, he ought to establish, look at, system, and transcend them by way of treatment and/or the twelve-stage processes.
Short article Sources:
"Adult Youngsters of Alcoholics." Torrance, California: Entire world Company Organization, 2006.
Stevens, Anthony. "On Jung." New York: Routledge, 1990.
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One aspect of being a very fine parent is openness to learning positive, new raising a child skills that will help your child reach his or her full potential. Use the expert advice provided here, and you will put yourself in the best position for raising your children to the best of your ability.
Ask your child to lay on your kitchen counter and wash his or her hair in the sink. For many toddlers, this method will take the fear out of having their heads dunked or water poured over them.
While you need to take time with your children, you need to have time for yourself, as well. This will help you unwind so that you can become a more effective parent, and find out who you really are.
Many times young children have trouble changing. It can be stressful to make an abrupt switch from one activity to another, and your child's behavior may suffer.
Parents who have a teenager that is beginning the college selection process need to make sure that they do not try to influence their child to go to the same university that they did. Teenagers under pressure tend to choose op-positionally and veer off in unexpected directions in an attempt to avoid being controlled.
Taking a break from your children every now and then is important. Get a friend or family member to take care of your kids, even if it's only for a couple of hours. Parents become really stressed, which creates tension, if they don't get a break away from their kids.
Learn about the various stages of maturity and milestones before your children start living them. Child-rearing involves continuing education and on-the-job training.


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Adult kakī/black stilt numbers soar
23 May 2020 7:27 am AEST Date Time
A nearly 40-year programme to protect one of New Zealand's most critically endangered birds is paying off, with a record number of adult kakī/black stilt recently recorded living in the wild, the Minister of Conservation Eugenie Sage announced today.
"Thanks to the team effort involved in the Department of Conservation's (DOC) successful captive breeding programme and amazing support from partner organisations, the known adult population has increased by 31% to 169 adult kakī. That's 40 more adult birds living and breeding in the wild than this time last year and the largest population increase since the programme began.
"Kakī are a taonga species for Ngāi Tahu and are mostly only found in the Mackenzie Basin. Due to a variety of challenges including predators and habitat loss, they are the world's rarest wading bird.
"Today's announcement is a tribute to nearly four decades of protection, research, and intensive management. Kakī have had a remarkable turnaround since they were on the brink of extinction in 1981, when the adult population declined to a low of just 23 birds.
"This significant population increase is due to extensive predator trapping and the very successful 2017/2018 breeding season when DOC released a record 184 juvenile kakī that were raised in captivity. Highly susceptible to predation, just 67 of the birds managed to evade predators and reach adulthood."
DOC works with a range of partners to support kakī, including The Isaac Conservation and Wildlife Trust, which is currently raising 34 birds in their Christchurch aviary. The programme has received funding support from partners such as Global Wildlife Conservation, Meridian Energy and Genesis Energy.
"More kakī will survive in the future thanks to extensive trapping. Last year, conservation project Te Manahuna Aoraki expanded the existing trapping network to protect kakī across more than 60,000ha or 80% of their range," Eugenie Sage said.
"The adult kakī population was surveyed by DOC rangers during the recent breeding season. These rangers were able to analyse the results and compare with previous data while working from home during COVID-19 Alert Levels 3 and 4 to identify the impressive result.
"Throughout the lockdown, a small team of DOC and The Isaac Conservation and Wildlife Trust staff continued caring for 127 birds that are part of the captive breeding programme and housed in Twizel and Christchurch aviaries.
"Rangers have followed strict hygiene protocols to protect the health of both birds and staff during the lockdown. Working at a reduced capacity, staff have ensured kakī care and their own bubbles were not compromised.
"Now we're in Alert Level 2, DOC and The Isaac Conservation and Wildlife Trust will continue caring for the young kakī until they can be safely released into the Godley riverbed in August. Once released, the birds will benefit from an extensive trapping programme and lower predator numbers following the colder winter months" said Eugenie Sage.
Tags:Christchurch, Conservation, covid-19, energy, extinction, future, Genesis, Government, habitat, minister, New Zealand, project, research, season, species, Twizel, wildlife
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Lets keep a "glitches" thread going here all in one place.
Loud grinding sound when going into Park.
Why do I feel like a Beta tester?
GM are you reading these pages?
If you have any air pointing towards the defrosters, the heat will come on regardless of your settings, whenever necessary to defrost the windows.
From what I have read so far, and I have read a lot of forums and Facebook groups, the Bolt is doing great so far. Knock on wood, I don't feel at all like a beta tester.
End of week 1, going on week 2 and no problems so far.
gpsman wrote: Lets keep a "glitches" thread going here all in one place.
Chevy has it's own Bolt forum but almost no one appears to be using it, which is why I switched over to this one.
Same thing. Touch screen comes up totally black at times. No radio either.
Seems to self correct after about 5-10 minutes. I am hitting the power button several times during that, it may affect it.
Appears to be a bug.
I've read several instances of the screen going black, then rebooting, while Apple CarPlay is being used. It happened to me as well.
Keep in mind, the API for CarPlay (and I believe Android as well) is still in beta. Expect glitches as it evolves. An updated version of CarPlay arrives with the next iOS, which should be released real soon.
I knew there would be some issues since I got one of the first 100 or so cars to be made. I'm not worried about it, and the car is a good car.
But there is always that issue of calling up the maker of anything technical made today and you get that standard bullsh*t answer about "well, bring it in for service... we have never heard of that issue before", when your searches are turning up dozens of other people with the same issue.
Raise awareness of the bugs, that's all.
Please post if you have an LT or a Premier Bolt. Also post if you have a Bose Audio system. Thanks!
Only issue I have with my Premier with Bose, is that my iPhone 6 Bluetooth connection is irregular. Sometimes it connects, sometimes it doesn't, and sometimes it disconnects for no reason. I put the phone in the cup holder or on the passenger seat when I drive, so it's close to the Dash, thus should not be a range issue.
Am thinking of disabling the WiFi, since I don't use it anyway to see if the 2.4 GHz spectrum is too crowded for Bluetooth to be "happy", but I don't it.


I managed to watch some of Rory McIlroy winning again at the weekend. What a fantastic player and what a great swing! His ball striking is second to none, but how does a someone of 5 foot 10 and 11 ½ stone average over 300 yards with his driver? Answer; His ability to decelerate!
This creates huge eccentric loading to the abdominals and upper limbs especially considering that he produces 700+ degree of hip rotation per second!
But how does he hit the ball and not fall over?
Rory's ability to decelerate this incredible rotational speed is what gives him his fantastic bal striking and distance off the tee. This proximal deceleration come from the lower body, feet to hips and creates amazing upper body acceleration. If we think about whipping a towel or cracking a whip, you have to accelerate in one direction then quickly stop or move in the opposite direction. This is what creates the speed at the furthest point from the centre, in a golf scenario – the club.
Looking at Rory's hips just prior to impact, you can see the hips almost rotate in back, which further increases the centrifugal forces generated by the body to increase his club head speed.
We need to keep this concept in mind when thinking about the physical training and assessment of golfers at this and any level. Can the golfer create and decelerate these rotational forces.
An example of this would be a lateral lunge to the left whilst rotating the arms to the left, this could be progressed to a lateral lunge with balance whilst rotating the arms. This exercise demands that the body decelerates the lateral and ground reaction forces from the bottom-up and also the rotational forces from the top-down, which has a lot of similarities to the golf swing.
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Latin Laughs
Book Latin Laughs now by email or phone at (786) 564-2291.
Mariannette Bio:
Representing Puerto Rico, Mariannette Torres is a professional actress and writer of over 25 years. She got a speeding ticket and instead of 'taking' a class with the world famous 'Improv' comedy traffic schools, she convinced them to let her 'teach' it and the rest was history. A semi-finalist in the first Nick @ Nite's search for 'America's Funniest Mom', she has been performing stand-up comedy for over 15 years locally and nationally. Most recently featured for national touring comedians like Craig Shoemaker, Judy Tenuta, Michael Winslow, Pauly Shore and the legendary Dom Irrera.
Francisco Duran Bio:
Representing the Dominican Republic, Francisco "Cisco" Duran (b. 1986) is a stand-up comedian and entertainer from Miami, Florida. Cisco Duran moved to Miami at the age of 4 and started performing comedy at age 21. By age 23, Cisco was a finalist for Florida's Funniest Comedian and was subsequently named as one of the Top Ten Comics by Sunpost.com. Cisco has been featured on Kevin Hart's show on Comedy Central "Hart of the City, "Minuto de Fama" on América TeVé, AXS TV on Gotham Live, also as part of the Bucharest Comedy Festival (Romania), and has performed alongside the likes of Bobby Lee, Kyle Cease, Loni Love, Rickey Smiley, Hannibal Buress, and Carlos Mencia. Cisco currently tours clubs and college's and also travels with Carlos Mencia's world tour as Carlos's Feature Act.
Will Lopez Bio:
Cuban-American Will Lopez is the lead singer of the Rock Band Guajiro. He is a Stand Up Comic, Small Business Owner, Father of Three, and Husband of One. He has starred on MTV and A&E cable television networks shows. He is the 2012 Official Comedian of the Miami Dolphins. In 2014 he was chosen to participate in the World Series of Comedy in Las Vegas and was a finalist in the 2016 World Series of Comedy.
Cesar Muñoz Bio:
Originally from Caracas, Venezuela, bilingual comedian Cesar Muñoz fuses music with humor to give audiences a unique and entertaining experience. He is the winner of the 2016 Latin American Comedy Festival and performs in residence at the Trail Theater with his own show "The Latin Vaudeville" every Thursday.
Cristian Munarriz Bio:
As a newcomer to the comedy scene, Peruvian-Born Cristian Munarriz is quickly making a name for himself. He is the winner of the 2016 Latin American Comedy Festival, the 2016 Brickell Comedy Festival and the 2016 Ft. Lauderdale Improv Turkey Contest. Cristian loves to get people involved in his stories and grab their attention by immersing them into his life and experiences as a Peruvian immigrant.
About Latin Laughs:
Latin Laughs is a hilarious blend of Latin American comedians proudly representing their countries and cultures. Peruvian, Venezuelan, Cuban, Puerto Rican and more – you never know what you're going to get but you can be sure to expect non-stop laughter. This show is in english with some spanglish.
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… a research letter in this week's issue of JAMA Internal Medicine has real implications for anyone who spends significant time in a hospital … as a patient, as a healthcare professional, or just as someone visiting a patient.
The message is: Stop by the bathroom and wash your hands on the way out!
What the research letter by Cao et al. has shown us is that there is now a significant risk that anyone who is in a hospital may come out of that hospital as a carrier of dangerous, multi-drug-resistant organisms like methicillian-resistant Staph. aureus and others.
Is this going to lead to serious infections for most people who visit a hospital briefly? No. It isn't. It's much more of an issue for men and women who are hospitalized for serious issues for significant periods of time. However, many hospitals are now much more dangerous places than they used to be because of the development of these drug-resistant bacteria and viruses. It doesn't hurt to take that extra little bit of caution to avoid being one of the unlucky people to carry such a bug home and pass it on to a friend or to some other member of your family.
And if you spend the night in a hospital after a radical prostatectomy or other, similar procedure, you certainly have nothing to lose by washing your hands on the way out the door!
The core content of the paper and its implications is nicely addressed by an article on the Kaiser Health News web site.


In what might be a first for my 365, this shot is SOOC. Well, I added the border, but I did not make any other adjustments.
I decided to start a 52 Weeks of Luke project and this marks his first week. There were quite a few pictures that I really liked, but this one was just too funny to not share.
He had his 1 week appointment today and has already gained back his birth-weight plus 5 oz.!
He looks like such an angel when he's sleeping. So far, he's been a great baby...he's sleeping better at night at almost a week old than Caden did at 15 months! Let's hope it continues!
The baby has been home for a few days and I think the reality is starting to set in. The boys have come down with colds and aren't sleeping very well. In addition, I've been taking them out on "adventures" every day to wear them out and help pass the time.
It's not the best picture of him, but I think it represents how the family is feeling. Plus, I really like the background and his awesome Spider-Man shirt!
When I took the boys to visit Shannon and Luke in the hospital, we stopped by to pick up some flowers. I had planned on getting some red roses, but Cooper insisted on these. A few days later, they are still going strong on our dining room table.
This is Cooper and Caden each taking a turn holding Luke and meeting him for the first time. It was so sweet to see the looks on their faces.
Caden held him for a minute or two and then lost interest. Cooper wanted to hold him the entire time there.
Another late night shot. Tried a few different subjects including garlic, knives, and a teacup. I got a few interesting shots, but ended up choosing this for todays photo.
Strobist: LumoPro LP120 @ 1/32 through 43" Westcott, approx. 3' above subject, triggered via Cactus v4's.
Went to The Fountains in Roseville to try and get a shot for the day. I tried a bunch of different things and had fun doing long exposures on the main water feature.
I really like bush daisies and have taken plenty of pictures of them. To get a little different result, I messed with the white balance on this to get the blue and purple colors.


text:
Peter Fjodorovič Alferjev (), sovjetski general, * 1893, † 1942.

Življenje
V letih 1934–1935 je bil višji inštruktor Vojaški akademiji mehanizacije in motorizacije, nakar je postal vodja Bojne šolske sekcije pri Transbajkalski skupini sil.

V letih 1940–1941 je bil namestnik vodje Direktorata za bojno usposabljanje pri Ljudskem komisariatu za obrambo.

Leta 1941 je postal poveljnik 34. armade in Operativne skupine 59. armade. Naslednje leto je postal namestnik poveljnika in nato začasni poveljnik 2. udarne armade. Na tem položaju je izginil med boji.

Glej tudi

 seznam sovjetskih generalov

Sovjetski pehotni častniki
Sovjetski generali
Generali Rdeče armade
Predavatelji na Vojaški akademiji Malinovski
Pogrešani v akciji
Veterani druge svetovne vojne

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


West African countries represent a population of 245 million of inhabitants. With a yearly average income of $309 for each person, the region's economic growth has yearly reached 2.5%. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) expects that globally sub-Saharan Africa's growth will continue with an annual GDP growth forecast of 5-6% over the next five years.


When we propose to leave behind what we do not need and hurt us, we hope to rebuild our lives. I really like your poem that brings us to the reflection of our daily life.
Thank You so much Macalder! Indeed we need to drop all baggages that weigh us down.
This was heavenly. A beautiful read.
What an observation and the thoughts on the two sides of the play!! Exactly as we would think!
Thank you so much Sifar!!


Maximum Sentence: Gross misdemeanor. Every person convicted of a gross misdemeanor defined in Title 9A RCW shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail for a maximum term fixed by the court of up to three hundred sixty-four days, or by a fine in an amount fixed by the court of not more than five thousand dollars, or by both such imprisonment and fine.
Maximum Sentence: For a class C felony, by confinement in a state correctional institution for five years, or by a fine in an amount fixed by the court of ten thousand dollars, or by both such confinement and fine.
Maximum Sentence:For a class A felony, by confinement in a state correctional institution for a term of life imprisonment, or by a fine in an amount fixed by the court of fifty thousand dollars, or by both such confinement and fine.


text:
Greta (Margareta) Benzelia, född 17 mars 1708, död 27 december 1772 i Köpenhamn, var dotter till ärkebiskopen Erik Benzelius d.y. och Anna Swedenborg: hon var sondotter till Erik Benzelius d.ä. och systerdotter till Emanuel Swedenborg samt tremänning till Sara Elisabeth Moraea. Benzelia omnämns i kvinnoforskningen och ses som ett exempel på en normbrytare av samtidens kvinnoideal. Samtidigt tycks alla aspekter av hennes levnadsstil inte alltid ha setts som så skandalartade i hennes samtid, vilket också ses som intressant i den historiska forskningen då det gäller att bedöma den frihet en kvinna ur högreståndsmiljö kunde ha under hennes samtid.

Den detaljerade beskrivningen av hennes normbrytande livsstil anses ovanlig och intressant ur genushistorisk synvinkel. Hennes skilsmässorättegång 1731–1733 var en uppmärksammad skandal under samtiden.

Biografi

Bakgrund
Benzelia växte upp i Uppsala. Hon levde redan som ogift ett mycket fritt liv och umgicks tillsammans med några väninnor ur andra högreståndsfamiljer fritt med stadens studenter. Hon deltog ofta i studenternas festligheter och tyckte om att klä ut sig. År 1726 fick fadern en utnämning som biskop i Göteborg. Benzelia ville inte lämna Uppsala, vilket troligen var orsaken till att hon tackade ja till ett arrangerat äktenskap med den trettio år äldre akademisekreteraren Andreas Norrelius. Hon fick en stor hemgift, och Norrelius ville också bli ingift i hennes inflytelserika familj. Bröllopet ägde rum 29 december 1726. Vid bröllopet ställde hon till en skandal då hon med sina vänner arrangerade en burlesk utklädningsscen. Benzelia vägrade också att fullborda äktenskapet, och sov i stället hos sina föräldrar, hos pigorna eller sin vän, Anders Celsius syster Sara Maria Celsia.

Äktenskap
Efter vigseln fortsatte hon att delta i studenternas upptåg med utklädningar och tillbringade nätterna i studenternas sällskap där hon spelade och sjöng och svor med dem. Hon skötte heller inte makens hushåll åt honom. Hennes sätt att klä sig som en man gör att hon, i likhet med Maria Skytte, pekats ut som ett konkret exempel på att kvinnor kunde klä sig i manskläder för att begå äktenskapsbrott eller bryta mot de dåtida sexuella restriktionerna för kvinnor.

En natt tillbringade hon med en student, Zelling, som hyrde rum ovanpå makarnas, och då maken träffade henne utanför sade hon att hon besökt sin mor: Norrelius och Zelling råkade då i slagsmål. Hennes mor vägrade att lägga sig i saken, och hennes svärmor på landet lyckades heller inte få henne att avstå från nattlivet med sina "glada öltokar".

Benzelia delade flera gånger säng med unga män och pojkar, men då Norrelius klagade, protesterade hennes mor mot hans klagomål. Att dela säng med en person av motsatt kön uppfattades under denna tid inte nödvändigtvis som könsumgänge: den allmänna moralen tillät att personer av olika kön sov i samma säng utan att ta för givet att de hade samlag. Bland annat förekom det att tonåringar gjorde detta som en del av uppvaktningsritualen, så kallat nattfrieri, och det accepterades så länge den ena låg under täcket och den andra ovanpå. I Benzelias fall tycks maken ha tagit illa upp, men initialt inte fått gehör. Norrelius bad förgäves hennes föräldrar att ta henne med sig då de slutligen bosatte sig i Göteborg.

Benzelia underhöll sin vän Anna Stierneman till höga kostnader för Norrelius, företog vilda hästritter genom stan med sin gifta väninna Rothof, utövade skjutövningar från bostaden i det Svedbergska huset och bröt sig in i huset då maken en natt försökte låsa henne ute. När saken anmäldes utfärdade konsistoriet en kallelse till Norrelius pigor, men Benzelia gick då dit och förklarade att hennes pigor inte lydde under konsistorium. När Norrelius hade lämnat henne utan pengar vid en resa till Stockholm sålde hon av lösöret, makens favoritko och förklarade att hon tänkte göra fjorton guldringar att ge till vackra gossar.

Separation och skilsmässa
År 1731 kallades hon till sina föräldrar i Göteborg och makarna separerade. När Norrelius föreslog skilsmässa skickades hon dock tillbaka. När hon anlände flydde maken bakvägen för att hämta hjälp medan Benzelia plundrade huset och hyrde in sig hos krögaren madam Sahlstedt. Där umgicks hon om nätterna med studenterna. Hon delade under denna tid säng med bland andra grevarna Spens, 16 och 18 år gamla, och en greve Wulfenstierna, 17 år. År 1732 blev det skilsmässa. Benzelia beskylldes för att ha fört ett lösaktigt leverne, det vill säga haft ett utomäktenskapligt sexualliv med flera manliga partners, särskilt under de två månader hon bott hos Sahlstedt. Inga vittnesmål lades dock fram för detta.

Situationen förändrades i början av 1732, när det framkom att hon var gravid. Hon avslöjade faderns namn, men bad om att det skulle hemlighållas. Fadern till sonen uppges ha varit hovrättsfiskal Johan Gerdesköld, men han svor sig fri. Uppsala rådhusrätt dömde henne 1733 som skyldig till äktenskapsbrott, fråntog henne morgongåvan och förklarade äktenskapet upplöst, med förbud att gifta om sig så länge Norrelius förblev ogift, och dömde henne till böter och uppenbar kyrkoplikt. Straffet om uppenbar kyrkoplikt verkställdes dock inte av hänsyn till fadern och farbrodern utan omvandlades till böter.

Efter domen reste hon till faderns gård på landet för att föda sitt barn. Hennes barn, en son, blev som vuxen inblandad i penningförfalskning och avrättades medan modern fortfarande var vid livet. Enligt Linnés Nemesis Divina umgicks Benzelia med ryska officerare under kriget 1743, möjligen som prostituerad, och utsattes för misshandel av dem. Hon levde därefter en tid i Norge i misär. Hon avled slutligen utfattig i Köpenhamn. Hennes före detta make Norrelius gifte om sig 1744.

Eftermäle
Skilsmässorättegången blev en välkänd skandal i samtiden. År 1738 framförde hennes far en officiell protest till kung Fredrik I över hans äktenskapsbrott med Hedvig Taube, och kungen tillbakavisade då kritiken med argumentet att biskopen inte hade tillräckligt välordnade familjeförhållanden själv för att kunna tillrättavisa andra, med hänvisning till skandalen kring Greta Benzelia.

Carl von Linné omnämnde henne i sitt Nemesis Divina: "Bibliotekarien i Uppsala, Norrelius, en elak snål man som ej nändes äta. Norrelius var illa gift med Benzelia. Han skildes från henne. Sedan tager han till äkta baron Friesendorfs dotter, utfattig men beskedlig. Han håller henne liksom i bann, knarrig styr han hushållet själv, anförtror henne intet. Hon dör i barnsäng av sorg, i synnerhet som ingen får gå till henne".

Greta Benzelia inom fiktion
Greta Benzelia spelades av Ingar Sigvardsdotter i TV-serien Linné och hans apostlar från 2004.

Referenser

Källor

Litteratur
 Henrik Schück: En Uppsalaroman från 1700-talet, Svenska Bilder, IV.

Kvinnor
Födda 1708
Avlidna 1772
Personer under frihetstiden


The William G. Jackson Center for Teaching and Learning holds events and workshops to support Michigan Tech in the continuous improvement of teaching and learning at all instructional levels.
During the fall and spring semesters, the Center invites faculty and instructional staff to luncheon and coffee chat events. Lunch and Learn events feature presentations by specialists from other institutions and those from our own Michigan Tech community. Coffee chats are scheduled regularly to provide instructors (faculty, postdocs, TAs, etc.) and staff with opportunities to discuss contemporary issues of interest. These events provide an opportunity to network with faculty from other departments, learn new instructional strategies and tools, and become aware of instructional policy changes. Please contact us with ideas and suggestions for future events.
The CTL curriculum is available for Michigan Tech instructors (including postdocs, graduate teaching assistants and faculty) to provide pedagogical and technical training in six different aspects of instruction. Instructors are welcome to participate by signing up for pedagogical and technical workshops in an "à la carte" fashion or by completing a unit (with pedagogical, technical and practice elements) to earn a certificate. Refer to the CTL Curriculum Overview page for additional information.
The Center offers workshops year round to guide educators in the use of technologies as well as classroom and/or computer-mediated pedagogical techniques to support blended, learner-centered instruction. Many of our technology workshops focus on the use of the Canvas learning management system to support instruction. Technical workshops are comprised of approximately 45 minutes of instruction (unless noted otherwise) with time afterwards for questions. Pedagogical workshops are usually scheduled for two, 2-hour sessions. To learn more about pedagogical and technical workshops, refer to the CTL Curriculum Overview page.
When workshops are available, they will be listed below. To request a workshop, submit a consultation request.


Shanghai rubber price went upward with increasing trading volume. Till the actuals trade time, domestic spots price is 2050-2080(+60); domestic cargo price is 2080-2100(+80); US RSS spots price is 2360-2380(+60); US RSS cargo price is 2370-2390(+60); Singapore cargo price is 2130-2150(+70); Thai cargo price 2150-2170(+80); mixed rubber price is 17800-18000(+900). Northeast Thailand is now beginning to gradually enter the leaf period, and is expected to stop tapping rubber at the end of February. Thailand's overall output will decline in the first half of 2017 is a fact. On the whole: the flooding in Thailand triggered a new hype theme; recommend short-term trade.
Monday copper market slightly fluctuated at high positon, and price resisted at 20-days average line. LME inventory yesterday decreased 225 tons to 295000 tons. LME actuals discount enlarged $0.25 to discount $21. LME actuals discount enlarged $0.25 to $21. LME actuals market is still weak. Industry, according to Bloomberg news, due to China 's non - ferrous mining industry refused to raise wages, Zambia' s Lu'anxia copper mine workers are on strike. Workers want to be able to talk to management and management is currently in a meeting. Technically, copper price is at average lines intense area. Recommend to find short-line operation opportunity.
Monday Nickel market is strong. Nickel price broke 10-days average line, closed with slightly increase. LME inventory yesterday increased 1092 tons to 372000 tons. LME actuals discount yesterday narrowed $1.5 to discount $52.25. Industries, till the last week of 2016, the Indonesian state-owned mining company Antam annual output has reached 20080 nickel tons, exceeding the original 18500 nickel production plan, and expected to achieve 17% annual production increase, mainly benefit from the mid-2016 nickel-iron plant to complete the equipment maintenance. From a technical point of view, nickel prices are now breaking the 10-day moving average, can choose to find short-term opportunities.


The US mobile payments market will receive a major boost this year following Isis, the mobile commerce joint venture set up by Verizon Wireless, AT&T Mobility and T-Mobile US, announced their plans for a nationwide rollout of its tap-and-pay mobile wallet.
Isis plans to launch the Isis Mobile Wallet later this year following successful trials in Austin, Texas and Salt Lake City, Utah. The rollout will allow smartphone users whose handsets have Near Field Communications (NFC) technology to pay for goods and services as well as redeem discount coupons at checkouts with a tap of their smartphone.
Currently 35 mobile devices including Samsung's Galaxy S4 handset support the Isis standard. "Support for iPhone, Windows Phone and BlackBerry 10 is expected to be introduced later this year," said Isis.
In addition, 25 of the top 100 national retailers have deployed or are deploying contactless NFC terminals. Aite Group, a mobile research firm, forecasts that 1.3m locations in the US will have contactless-ready payment terminals by the end of the year.
The trials in Austin and Salt Lake City found that two-thirds of active users opted to receive offers and messages from their favourite brands, while the use of the system nearly quadrupled to more than 4,000 locations in the two cities.
Consumer brands have been impressed with the results of the trials and the potential of NFC technology to boost customer loyalty programmes in particular Coke USA who partnered with Isis to deploy NFC enabled vending machines as part of the trial. Coke USA has indicated that they will now rollout NFC enabled vending machines nationally to coincide with the Isis rollout.


MANSON — A portion of Main Street in Manson has closed to vehicular traffic as part of the Downtown Streetscape Improvement Project.
Main Street has been closed to all vehicular traffic between Ninth Avenue and 11th Avenue for removal of the existing road, replacement of the underground utilities, and reconstruction and paving of the new road section.
Vehicle access and parking remains on side streets around and adjacent to Main Street.
Bypass routes for Main Street include Calhoun County Road N 65/Tabor Avenue and 15th Street, which are both accessable from 12th Avenue and Eighth Avenue.
As much pedestrian access as possible will remain. Temporary sidewalk bridges and other temporary measures will be utilized to maintain access to businesses while construction is completed on the new sidewalks and decorative pavers.


The SFO Medical Clinic will be CLOSED on the following days in observance of the holidays: Saturday, December 24, 2016 Sunday, December 25, 2016 Monday, December 26, 2016 Saturday, December 31, 2016 Sunday, January 1, 2017 Monday, January 2, 2017 For emergencies, please call 911. The nearest medical facility is Peninsula Medical Center at1501 Trousdale Drive, Burlingame, 650.696.5446. Please contact the SFO Medical Clinic at 650.821.5601 if you have any questions.
As of December 31 st , 2016, Employee Parking Lot B will be permanently closing due to construction of the Airport Hotel. No cars will be permitted to enter the lot after this date. The exit will remain open through the rest of the week, until January 6 th , 2017. For any questions, contact Parking Management at 650.821.4049.