As my main Wordpress blog doesn't want to embed interactive visualisations, I'll publish the full story here. This is actually the final challenge of the Data Expedition at School of Data, in which I was lucky to participate. All the background notes can be found at my Wordpress blog. And here's actually the story. And here's the full dataset behind the story.
There was an article by Simon Rogers and Lisa Evans on Guardian Datablog, which showed that if we compare the pure CO2 emissions data and the data on CO2 per capita emissions, we can see strikingly different results. The starting point of this analysis was that the "world where established economies have large - but declining - carbon emissions. While the new economic giants are growing rapidly" [in terms of CO2 emissions volume again]. But if we look at the CO2 per capita data, we can see that those rapidly growing economic giants have very modest results, compared to the USA, as well as some really small economies like Qatar or Bahrain.
I decided to have closer look at the data on pure CO2 emissions, CO2 emissions per capita, as well as GDP, in order to see if there are any patterns. Namely, if there is any relationship between GDP growth and CO2/CO2 per capita emissions volume. The general picture can be seen on the visualisation below. It is based on the data for the top-10 CO2 emitters combined with top-10 CO2 per capita emitters (only those though, for which WB data on GDP had some information) and actually the GDP data for the period from 2005 to 2009, which was the optimal range in terms of data availability. Plus South Africa for the reasons described below.
Now, is there any relationship between GDP growth (or decline) and the amount of CO2 emissions? Here are some observations.
During the period of 2005 – 2008, all of the presented economies were growing, after which there was a massive decline in the economic growth, quite predictably, because the global economic crisis began in 2008. And we can see a corresponding massive decline of the amounts of CO2 emissions. Generally speaking, by 2008, about 30% of the total of the 21 countries had CO2 emissions growth rate below 100%. After 2008, it was about 60% of the total that had CO2 emissions growth rate below 100%.
Can we really insist that it was only the global economic decline that provoked this decline in CO2 emissions, and not, for example, the results of some green policies? Well, our data doesn't provide enough information to draw this conclusion. But there is a peculiar thing to mention though.
After 2008, there were actually some economies (again, of our sample list) that continued to grow, namely, China, India, Japan, Singapore, and South Africa. The corresponding CO2 emissions indicators, in terms of growth or declination, are rather different, as can be seen below.
And also, there are five economies that had a considerable GDP decline, but nonetheless a stable CO2 emissions growth.
Now, if we look at these ten countries together, we shall see that only in three cases (Japan, Singapore and South Africa) GDP growth is accompanied by CO2 emissions decline. While in the other cases, CO2 emissions keep increasing without any obvious connection to the GDP trends.
Last thing I would want to mention is a very general observation. Just for the sake of it, I compared my initial CO2 emissions dataset from U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) with another one (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC)).
This basically goes in accord with the observation that governments are paying less attention to the information on CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.
Another observation is that although the total trends in the two CO2 datasets seem to be non-contradictory (even though different) in general, it doesn't mean that there are no contradictions in some particular cases. For instance, if we look at the top-10 CO2 emitters in both EIA and CDIAC datasets as of 2009, we can see that in CDIAC dataset South Africa takes the tenth position, while in the EIA dataset South Africa is in the twelfth position. Which when visualised shows contradictory trends: according to CDIAC, the volume of CO2 emissions from South Africa increases, and according to EIA, it goes down.
The interactive chart is very impressive and I like how you have compared data from different sources also.
I'm not sure if you're aware of the term BRICS as I didn't see it mentioned at all. Where you mentioned China, South Africa and India this related to BRICS. Essentially these are countries regarded by economists as emerging economies with consistent high growth: they are Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. These countries are the main front of emerging economies. Just thought I'd share some background information but if you know this already, great!
It was a very interesting read so thank you!
Hi Sol, thanks for your feedback!
Yes, actually I knew about the BRICS countries, althought I didn't mention the combination. But thanks for your contribution anyway, because it might well have been something that didn't know and it may well be so in the future. This is the way p2p-learning works and it's great you're willing to contribute.
By the way, by mentioning the BRICS countries you gave me an idea that it might be somehow interesting to analyse the CO2 and GDP data regarding these particular countries. The dynamics might be rather unexpected. So thanks again for your contribution!


text:
My Boy – piosenka autorstwa Claude'a François, Jean-Pierre'a Bourtayre (muzyka), Phila Coultera i Billa Martina (tekst), która powstała w 1971 roku. Słowa do oryginalnej wersji utworu "Parce que je t'aime, mon enfant" (ponieważ cię kocham, moje dziecko) napisał Yves Dessca. Pierwotnie piosenkę z angielskim tekstem nagrał Richard Harris, którą wydano w grudniu 1971 roku. Trzy lata później wydany został singiel z nagraniem Elvisa Presleya.

Wersja Presleya
Singiel z nagraniem Elvisa Presleya dotarł do 20 miejsca amerykańskiej listy przebojów Billboard Hot 100.

Przypisy

Piosenki powstałe w roku 1971
Single Elvisa Presleya
Single wydane w roku 1974

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
4K Flat Panel, 4K LED LCD, HDMI, HDR, HDR10+, LED LCD Flat Panels, LG Electronics, News, OLED
Technicolor Sees Adaptation, Distribution As Keys To HDR Success
Greg Tarr, March 23, 2018 11 min read
Although it is one of the least talked about flavors of high dynanic range (HDR), "Advanced HDR by Technicolor" (and Philips) is gaining momentum as a broadcaster-friendly system that may ultimately help to bring live 4K UHD/HDR broadcasts into consumer living rooms.
On a recent visit to Hollywood, HD Guru and a group of television reviewers were brought by host LG Electronics to the offices of Technicolor for an in-depth discussion on the joint Technicolor and Philips Advanced HDR system which has been blessed along with HLG and Dolby Vision as candidates for use in the new ATSC 3.0 broadcast system going to trials this year.
During our visit, Kirk Barker, Technicolor senior VP of emerging products, discussed the recent advances of his company's dynamic metadata-based HDR system and how it may soon fit into your television shopping considerations for 4K Ultra HD and HDR performance. Thus far, Advanced HDR by Technicolor is available in select LG 2017 and 2018 premium 4K TVs, and will be in select Philips-branded U.S. televisions in 2019.
But activity is moving swiftly, and the system may soon be a requirement for televisions with next-generation terrestrial broadcast tuners, so its support may well become an important factor in a few year's time.
The following is an over view from Barker and a Q&A discussion that took place last week:
Kirk Barker (pictured at top), Technicolor: "Advanced HDR by Technicolor is a technology developed by the Technicolor Research Group in France over the past four years. Unlike Technicolor's picture quality services that are applied both at the production end and in the picture settings of the television, Advanced HDR by Technicolor is a system, which is unlike competing HDR formats, like Dolby Vision or HDR10+.
"Advanced HDR by Technicolor is compatible with those other technologies, meaning it will interface with HDR10, HLG, etc. to give the best solution for two things to the customer: distribution and adaption.
Adapt For Success
"Dolby Vision as a base-level system has two Electro Optical Transfer Functions (EOTFs), which are Hybrid Log-Gamma (HLG) and Perceptual Quantization (PQ). PQ is the basis for HDR10 — these are the areas in which pictures are graded. These in essence give a different curve for HDR in order to represent more bits and more light in the image.
"In addition to those base-level systems is something called Advanced HDR. This employs another technology called dynamic metadata. On a frame-by-frame basis, this transmits some of the characteristics of the image out of band describing what that frame should really look like.
"The purpose of that is adapation. What that allows you to do — and it is true for HDR10+, Dolby Vision and the Technicolor system — is to take the reference HDR signal which is the image as it appears on a reference monitor in the production suite, and adapts it to the capabilities of the particular TV. A TV might be able to reach 600 nits of peak brightness instead of 1,000 nits, and the color gamut might not reach 90% of Rec. 2020 like the Sony X300 OLED reference monitor, but the system takes that reference signal and then adapts (tone maps) it in a good way to the local TV.
"So, Dolby Vision, HDR10+ and Advanced HDR by Technicolor are all trying to do the same thing — take the reference signal and adapt it to the display in the home. We just think we do it better than everyone else.
Distribution Solution
"The distribution part of the system deals with how you get the reference signal encoded and distributed across the network in a reasonable way so that everyone can see it.
"There are a couple of different ways of doing that. Our system works with a standard dynamic range (SDR) layer plus metadata or an HDR10 layer plus metadata. Either way, it gives you a lot of different options to do so in a way that is efficient for that particular broadcaster.
"In terms of how that is going to go from an adoption perspective, in ATSC 3.0 there are two systems with dynamic metadata currently in the January version of the standard — Advanced HDR by Technicolor and Dolby Vision. Samsung's HDR10+ has not progressed to that point at this point in time.
Two Dynamic Range Flavors In One
"Dolby Vision works with the HDR10-base layer, which in that variant basically means that you start with an HDR10-based signal and adapt down. Ours starts with an SDR base layer and it allows you to adapt up. The benefit of that is that you don't need to simulcast an SDR signal and a second HDR signal in order to deliver the broadcast to the widest possible audience, because not only do we allow the broadcaster to deliver and SDR based layer plus metadata, but also an HDR10-based layer plus metadata, the same as both Dolby Vision and HDR10+.
"With our system you can choose which ever way you want to do it. If you don't want to simulcast two channels then you use SDR base-layer, if you don't care about the native [SDR] signal then you transmit HDR10 base layer plus adaption. The same applies to HLG. If you want to broadcast an HLG signal it will come through our system fine, as well.
"So what we've produced is a system that will allow you to adapt from any of these EOTF-based systems and allow you to transmit in an efficient way that maintains the quality that you've come to expect from Technicolor. What is most important to us is when the signal gets to the living room TV screen that it really reflects that intent of what the artist produced in the film or video production.
License To Thrill
"We are now licensing our system to TV manufacturers, including LG, and to set-top box manufacturers. We also license it on the production side to manufacturers. On the production side we also have technologies that allow you to take normal SDR and upconvert it.
"LG was the first TV manufacturer to license our Advance HDR by Technicolor system. It also supports HLG, Dolby Vision, and HDR10, giving their sets the widest range of HDR profile support on the market today," Barker concluded.
Q: With this wide range of SDR and HDR support options, is Advanced HDR by Technicolor then like a container?
A: "Yes. With the normal data that's in the stream you have what's called the BUI, which says it is SDR or HDR or whatever. Then in our metadata, itself, we have another flag of information that provides the instructions we need in order to convert from either color gamut or from SDR to HDR as part of it. So, yes, it's a container, but it is also the particular technologies that describe the metadata.
"Think back to what Dolby Vision is doing. All of them, from the encode side, are trying to get the essence of the image conveyed into their metadata. That metadata has information that describes how to present different things about the picture. That on the encode side is what we do to move from SDR to HDR. I guarantee that when you take the reconstructed HDR image and compare that to the HDR that you have natively, you can't tell the difference. That's how good it is."
Q: How does this system work with live on-the-fly broadcast content?
A: "Advanced HDR by Technicolor doesn't have to be added in post production. It is something that tends to sit right beside the HEVC encoder, so it has a tremendous advantage there. But its strongest advantage is that it's agnostic of other technologies. It will work with multiple things. When we recently did a Lakers game, we did one production in S-Log-3, one in PQ and one HLG. We don't care. Our system will take that and translate it efficiently giving the operator options in terms of distribution. As a system we believe our's is much more flexible than any one of the other independents alone. As for how it works with HLG, you can do more if you have dynamic information on top of the basic curve than you can with just the basic curve."
Q: When are we going to actually see Advance HDR by Technicolor in use on broadcasts?
A: "We have relationships with a bunch of different providers, who I can't discuss just yet. Part of it is dependent on how quickly ATSC 3.0 rolls out with the HDR stuff. So, the ATSC 3.0 trials that are slated for this year, they are going to start off without HDR, and will move in later this year with HDR. It probably won't be until sometime next year when ATSC 3.0 really starts to roll out. Over-the-top (OTT) can happen earlier than that. The real issue is getting a lot more television manufacturers like LG to add it so we have a broader platform in terms of reception. For Netflix, Comcast, DirecTV or someone like that, if this isn't happening on 30 platforms, it just doesn't make sense."
Q: Are there any limitations with HDMI for Advanced HDR by Technicolor?
A: "The short answer is yes [with HDMI 2.0a/b], and the long answer is it can be adapted with dynamic metadata. …There is a backdoor method in the Blu-ray spec. where you can still align out of the video frame. And when I say dynamic metadata, I mean all three HDR profiles: ours, Dolby Vision and HDR10+. The way Ultra HD Blu-ray players transmit Dolby Vision is that they still that lower bit. That same standard supports our version as well, through the earlier integration of Philips HDR into Advanced HDR by Technicolor, and HDR10+. In our system, you have the choice of either reconstructing the HDR within the set-top box or transmitting it over the HDMI to the TV. With our system you can terminate within the set-top box itself, so if you have a TV that doesn't support one of those methods of metadata, it will terminate there and it looks just like HDR10 with static metadata going to the TV."
Q: Where does the revenue come from for Advanced HDR
A: "The lion's share comes from the TV and set-top box manufacturers. One of the things we've had to do to enable the industry is to do some conversion and up-conversion technology on the production side as well. On the CE side, the first you have to do is get into the SoC manufacturers and at this point we are in about a dozen different vendors and at least one of their SoCs, so the total number of SoCs is about 20 to 25 right now. We also have licensed our up-conversion technology to particular box manufacturers – Cobalt being an example of that — for the production van market for example where the will take an SDR signal and up-convert it or down convert it.
"The Dodgers broadcasters were super important because it was the first single-truck production, as far as we are aware of, that was able to do HDR and SDR. That's huge, because in earlier trials with the Lakers and earlier Dodgers productions we had to use two trucks. In the Dodgers' trial we did last July, we did everything in HDR, and converted from HDR to SDR for the main feed sent around the world. And preserving all the tones and everything in that process is pretty darned hard. But what that trial meant was that HDR production was now viable because you no longer have to have two trucks, doubling your investment and all of that. I think you will start to see HDR broadcast stuff coming very quickly now. So, all that you have to do now is add one or two boxes and a Sony X300 HDR production monitor," said Barker.
Tags #4K #4K Ultra HDTV #4KUHD #Advanced HDR by Technicolor #ATSC 3.0 #dynamic metadata #LG Electronics #Technicolor
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LCD Flat Panel, LED LCD Flat Panels, Plasma
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Vizio Announces Its 2009 HDTV Line
Greg Tarr, June 8, 2009 6 min read
LCD Flat Panel, LED LCD Flat Panels, Reference Materials
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We are having a great time sharing our orchids with visitors at the British Orchid Show and one species getting a lot of attention is Oncidium longipes.
Oncidium longipes is a Brazilian species and we saw it growing in the forests around Macae de Cima in our school visits to Brazil in 2000 and 2006. It is restricted to primary forests and grows in the mid canopy amongst other epiphytes in dappled shade and high humidity.
We find the species really prefers to be mounted where it responds by clothing the mount in growths that burst into flower in the Autumn. Flower spikes usually produce between one and three flowers but they are large for the size of the plant as seen here.
We have grown our plants from flask (they flower two years out of flask) and they show considerable variation in colour and patterning.


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One of the main problems when running a Network is to properly manage the plugins. Not only this works with the latest version (as of May 2016) but it works flawlessly. I just hope that Automattic does not change whatever it is that makes this plugin works without providing us with an alternative first.
"Exclude Plugins" is open source software. The following people have contributed to this plugin.
Translate "Exclude Plugins" into your language.


Sencha Forum > Ext JS Community Forums 4.x - Unsupported > Ext: Q&A > How to start an automatic file download after a dblclick event on a button?
View Full Version : How to start an automatic file download after a dblclick event on a button?
But I don't know how to start an html script automaticly.


Instructions to all your favorite card games. Interested in how to play card games like poker, casino, crazy 8s, euchre, gin, and more? You need look no further to find all the rules to these great card games.
Also known as Pass the Trash. This poker game has three rounds of discards, but your unwanted cards end up in the hands of your opponents. The best five-card hand wins. Get rules.
Stud and draw poker games are the basis for many poker games played on home tables and casino felts all over the world. Get rules.
At its heart, this casino classic is a simple game of addition with some rudimentary elements of strategy to keep it fun. Players try to beat the dealer by getting close to 21 points without going over. Get rules.
Capture the cards from the center by matching or building. Earn points by having the majority of the cards, the majority of the spades, and for every Ace. Get rules.
Also known as Memory or Pairs. This is a matching game of memory and outsmarting your opponent. Get rules.
If you don't have a deck of Uno cards, this game is a great alternative. Play a card that matches the number or suit of the previously played card. Eights are wild. Get rules.
Also known as Egyptian War. This oddly-named game requires concentration and lightning-fast reflexes. The fastest way to accumulate the most cards is to slap the stack when two card of the same rank are played. Get rules.
This game uses only the highest 24 cards from a deck. Two-person teams try to take tricks and beat the opponent to 11 points. Get rules.
Sometimes just called Gin, this quicker, simpler version of Rummy is a classic family favorite. Players hold their cards in their hands until someone discards face down, often declaring "Gin!" Get rules.
Some of your youngest card players can play this simple game. Players ask each other for cards, and if you don't have what they are looking for, you tell them to "go fish." Get rules.
In this twist on trick-taking games, players want to have the fewest points by taking fewer tricks. Don't get stuck with the Queen of Spades. She carries a stiff penalty! Get rules.
Also known as B.S. and Cheat. All play their cards face down and tell the group what they are playing. Don't believe someone? Call out, "I Doubt it!" Get rules.
Each player gets one card facing out from his own forehead. Base the strength of your card on the relative strength of your opponents'. Get rules.
This game plays like solitaire but the action is competitive and challenges your brain to keep track of all the cards. Kings are the only cards that can be played in the corners of the cross-shaped playing surface. Get rules.
Adults and kids of all ages love to play this game of strategic arithmetic. Keep the total below 99 points or lose one of your precious tokens. Get rules.
Sometimes called Odd One Out. Pull cards from each other's hands, trying to make pairs. The player left with the unmatchable Old Maid loses. Get rules.
Make runs (10♣, J♣, Q♣, K♣) and sets (5♠, 5♥, 5♣) to get rid of the cards in your hand. Slam down your winning melds, and declare "Rummy!" Get rules.
Also known as 500 Rum and Persian Rummy. This popular version of Rummy employs more cards per player and allows for more players. It's a race to see who can get to 500 points. Get rules.
Also known as Snap. Great for young children and family game nights, this crazy game is as simple as its name. See a Jack? Slap it! Get rules.
The trump suit is always the same in this trick-taking game. Use the power of your Spades to take the most tricks for your team. Get rules.
Also known as Speed or Slam. Forget taking turns! Two players use quick thinking and fast fingers to try and win this game. Players shout, "Spit!" and off they go. Get rules.
Also known as Pig. Players quickly pass cards around the table in this wild, fast-paced card game. Don't be left without a spoon! Get rules.
Kids love this simple game that requires no strategic ability. The cards fly back and forth quickly, everything depends upon the luck of the draw, and the game takes a long time. What's not to love? Get rules.
In this classic trick-taking card game, you and your partner attempt to win more tricks than your opponents. Get rules.


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The Mayor of Bristol has waded into the general election battle in one part of Bristol – by criticising the Conservative candidate for claiming credit for one of his successes.
Marvin Rees even asked who Theodora Clarke 'thinks she is' after she appeared to take the credit for a deal on a controversial development, which was struck before she announced her candidacy.
The spat began on Monday, before the Manchester terrorist atrocity called a temporary halt to active election campaigning.
Ms Clarke was taking part in a national BBC 5Live radio programme focusing on Bristol East alongside Labour candidate and sitting MP Kerry McCarthy.
After young voters expressed concerns to both candidates on air about the housing crisis in Bristol, Ms Clarke told listeners about the ongoing saga of the Blackberry Hill Hospital site in Fishponds.
The site of the former psychiatric hospital is being primed for development and is being disposed of by the Homes and Communities Agency, a Government quango tasked with getting state-owned brownfield sites sold off and redeveloped.
Initial plans from the HCA and its 'chosen development partner' Galliford Try were unveiled last year and included none of the 300-plus homes created there would be either for affordable shared ownership, or for social rent through a housing association.
That sparked a huge controversy in east Bristol, and became the subject of a campaign by tenants' union campaigners Acorn Bristol.
Earlier this year, Bristol's council housing chief Paul Smith revealed he had managed to strike a deal with the HCA and Galliford Try, and the plans which will soon be going for planning permission would now include up to 100 affordable homes.
Speaking on 5Live, Ms Clarke spoke about the housing crisis and told young voters and listeners: "I've been out door-knocking and that is definitely one of the top three issues for people.
"We need to make sure young people can get on the housing ladder and that's why we brought in policies like Right to Buy.
"I think it's right that the Government is going to work with councils to build more homes, that's why just last week I brought the Secretary of State Sajid Javid to Bristol East with the new West of England Mayor and we went to visit one of the new housing sites at Blackberry Hill in Fishponds.
"That's a great example of a brownfield site that is being developed. It's going to have a proportion of affordable housing opening very soon and that's the kind of investment we need to have and the type of homes that should be built in this constituency," she added.
At the time, Bristol East's Labour candidate Kerry McCarthy, who has been MP there since 2005, challenged Ms Clarke.
"I've actually sat in a room with the developers of that site and the Mayor of Bristol and our cabinet member for housing arguing because they didn't want to put affordable housing on that site and said it wasn't possible," said Ms McCarthy.
"Basically we wouldn't let them seal the deal until they said that they would have affordable housing there, and that's part of the discussions that the mayor has had. They are absolutely adamant that if developers aren't prepared to put affordable housing on sites they are not going to be allowed to do business in Bristol anymore," she added.
"What we're battling against is a Tory Government that is relaxing planning permission for development. We need local powers – the Government is doing the exact opposite of that and is letting the developers run riot," she added.
Then, Bristol Mayor Marvin Rees stepped in, and criticised Ms Clarke for trying to take the credit for sorting out the Blackberry Hill Hospital site planning row.
"We made it clear we needed affordable homes to the developers and the Government," Mr Rees told the Bristol Post.
The Mayor said it was 'not acceptable' for Ms Clarke to appear to be behind the change in plans for Blackberry Hill.
"The first time I ever even heard of her was when she stood last time, and then she disappeared and now she's back. You have to be real, you have to have some kind of integrity in Bristol.
"It's not acceptable. She cited Blackberry Hill hospital, and that she brought Sajid Javid here, but it's local government that gets stuff done like this, and we're at the forefront in trying to solve this housing crisis.
"I just don't want people claiming things that aren't true. Who does she think she is? We should be real about that, it matters," he added.


Note: Cardomom can be purchased at health food stores or online. Must be crushed to a sandy consistency before adding.
Heat pan on stove to luke wam. Pour milk into large bread bowl and stir in the yeast. Let sit for about 7 minutes. Add all the ingrediants (except flour and butter) and stir well. Now stir in about 3 or 4 cups of flour, add the softened butter and mix well. Add the rest of the flour and mix and knead by hand. Continue to knead for about 10 minutes. Cover bowl with dish towel and let rise in a warm place for about 1 to 1 1/2 hrs.
Remove pulla and put on a lightly floured table. (use dough scraper) Cut into two pieces (makes it easier to handle) cover the other half to keep it moist. Roll into a log shape and begin to cut small sections and roll into large golfball size pieces. Put about 12 units on a greased or parchment papered pan. Cover with dish towel and let sit for 15 minutes before baking. Now do the same with remaining dough.
About 5 min. before baking, beat 1 egg in a bowl. Take out a stick of cold butter. Take your thumb and make an indentation on each pulla bun on the first pan. Put a small piece of cold butter in each bun. Brush each bun well with the beaten egg and sprinkle a small amount of white sugar over each bun. (Be carefull not to get sugar on the bottom of pan or could turn pulla black).
On conventional ovens Pulla can burn easily on the bottom before you get the top to brown. (Better in pizza oven) . You will have to experiment but basically 15 to 16 minutes for conventional ovens at 375 degrees. Pizza ovens few minutes less time at about 400 degrees. The Finns like to bake the buns at 450 degrees.


text:
Q: Script acting strange in bash_profile (but just under X) I have made a simple .sh script which checks every minute whether a particular file is empty or not, and if it is not empty, makes a led on my laptop blink at 0.5Hz.
I call this script from my .bash_profile.
Whenever I am in TTY, the thing works flawlessly (to say: when the file is not empty the led on my lappy blinks at that precise frequency).
But when I run X (I use Xmonad/urxvt, invoked via startx if that could help) something strange happens. The frequency of the blink is erratic, it slows down (a bit) the machine and when I call top I see various sudo processes (the one I call to turn the led on or off).
It is the same behavior as if I called the script three or four times.
I don't know how to diagnose the problem. The manual says .bash_profile gets read once (at login time). Can you help me out?
# blink mail led

blinkTime="0.2"
checkTime="60"

while true; do
  hasIt=$(cat ~/someFolder/hazText.txt) # 1: has text

  if [ $hasIt -eq "1" ]
  then
    echo "1" | sudo tee /sys/class/leds/led:alarm/brightness > /dev/null
    sleep $blinkTime
    echo "0" | sudo tee /sys/class/leds/led:alarm/brightness > /dev/null
    sleep $blinkTime
  else
    sleep $checkTime
  fi

done

A: .bash_profile is executed when Bash starts as a login shell, not "at login time" as you wrote. This means that every time Bash starts either with "--login" option or as "-bash", it will read and execute .bash_profile. Most likely starting your X session implicitly starts several Bash instances (since it's a default shell on Linux). Some of these instances probably happen to be login shells, your script gets called severals times, which makes your LED go into disco mode.
The solution to your problem would be to move the script out of the .bash_profile, and either create a cron job for it, or rewrite it using inotify-tools.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Virginia: Tidewater and Piedmont » Southern Tidewater » City of Chesapeake » Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal
locks (hydraulic structures)canals (waterways)
granite (rock)
Richard Guy Wilson et al., "Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal", [Chesapeake, Virginia], SAH Archipedia, eds. Gabrielle Esperdy and Karen Kingsley, Charlottesville: UVaP, 2012—, http://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/VA-01-ST3.
1855–1859, 1873, 1932, 1973. From the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River at Great Bridge to the North Landing River at the Chesapeake–Virginia Beach city limits. Canal and locks visible from Great Bridge Locks Park, west end of Locks Rd.
Built in competition with the Dismal Swamp Canal (see next entry), the 8-mile long, 12-foot deep, 90-foot wide Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal connects the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River to the North Landing River in Virginia and ultimately to Albemarle Sound in North Carolina. The canal is an important part of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIW). The canal, completed in 1859 by a private company, runs west to east. Since the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal is wider and deeper than the Dismal Swamp Canal, it carries almost all commercial traffic along the AIW as well as recreational craft that are too large for the other canal. A survey for the canal was authorized by the Virginia legislature in 1772, and within two years Isaac Hildrith had drawn up plans for a canal, lock, and drawbridge; but it was not until 1850 and after more surveys that construction began with John Lathrop as the chief engineer. At the time of its completion in 1859, the Great Lock, measuring 220 feet long and 40 feet wide, was the largest lock on the Atlantic coast, superseded only by the lock between Lake Superior and Lake Huron in Sault Sainte Marie. The original walls of the lock were constructed of Maryland granite shipped to the site via the Chesapeake Bay. Union forces used the canal during the war. Since 1912, it has been operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Because the Elizabeth River is subject to tidal change from the Chesapeake Bay, a 600-foot-long, 75-foot-wide tidal guard located at Great Bridge in Chesapeake was constructed in 1932.


As you all know, I love sweets, so I was thrilled when Harvard Sweet Boutique asked me to review their scrumptious looking treats. I couldn't wait to see what they were going to send me to sample. My treats arrived beautifully packaged in one of their unique gift boxes. So, you know these would make a perfect gift for any occasion.
Harvard Sweet Boutique's specialty is putting together unique and spectacular dessert gift packages brimming with freshly baked gourmet cookies, toffee, and brownies. You can definitely find flavors to suit everyone and they have lots of different box styles too. Their sweet treats are made fresh, by hand, in small batches, using only the best ingredients available – including pure, double-strength Madagascar vanilla, deeply dark Belgian chocolate, and fresh roasted nuts.
I tried a little bit of every one of the different flavors they sent and they were ALL incredibly delicious! I think the most unique flavor was the Buttercrunch. If you like toffee you will really love these cookies. I have to say my two favorites were the always trusty Chocolate Chunk and the Ginger Molasses. I love chocolate and I've always had a special taste for ginger flavored things, so that explains my faves. :) But, really they were all so yummy! Oh, and the brownie... so decadent and chocolatey. Amazing is the main word that comes to mind.
Harvard Sweet Boutique offers a wonderful gift option for any occasion and I would definitely recommend them!
Follow & Connect: You can connect with Harvard Sweet Boutique on Facebook and follow them on Twitter.
Buy it: You can purchase yummy gifts on the Harvard Sweet Boutique website.


The new generation of customers spends far more time over social media channels than over phone calls or face-to-face conversations. They are not just more digitally savvy, they are also more open and forthcoming in their conversations over social platforms like Facebook, Twitter or WhatsApp. Therefore it is important that companies listen to what their customers are saying over these platforms and utilize this information to improve their branding and marketing strategies.
As customer service executives reach out to customers through various social channels, the entire approach to customer engagement is undergoing major transformation. Contact centers are investing in new technologies that can enable flexible multi-level interactions and provide comprehensive reporting capabilities to leverage customer data that is collected through various digital channels. A study by Markets and Markets predicts that global spending on combined social monitoring, mapping, and management tools is expected to increase from $2.2 billion to $17.92 billion by 2019.
With digital forms of communication overtaking voice-based contact, marketers and brand managers have also started developing targeted social media strategies to increase their brand exposure. Any brand looking at creating significant market impact today cannot afford to ignore the social channel.
Unlike the traditional ways of conducting market studies which could be time consuming and cumbersome, social listening can be leveraged to get instant customer feedback that is more relevant and useful. Real time tracking of product campaigns and customer reactions keeps you in sync with changing customer demands.
Listening to social chatter not only helps marketers keep track of market trends, but allows them to assess their competitors in a more holistic way. Customer service organizations are increasingly deploying technology solutions to enable multi-channel customer management, data collection and analytics. This provides them with deep customer insights which can be extremely useful in formulating more effective marketing strategies.
Social Media is the new generation's preferred way of connecting with each other to exchange new ideas, share opinions and gain access to useful information. Whether it is about voicing concerns or dissent about a certain product or just expressing excitement over a new thing, you can listen to all types of comments and views on these social channels. These social interactions do have a huge impact on the reputation of a brand. Hence it is important for customer-facing organizations to keep track of this social chatter.
While 'social listening' is an important tool for marketers to gauge market sentiment, it is also being used by them to influence public opinion. We have seen how powerful messages sent out over social channels impact product campaigns, social causes or even electoral results. First-time customers increasingly rely on social platforms to check out product reviews and customer feedback before making their buying decisions. Therefore brand managers are devising new strategies to harness the influence of social media.
The increasing focus on 'social listening' is leading to a dramatic change in the way customer service organizations and contact centers are managing customer interactions. There are using a more unified approach with multi-level interaction through Voice, Video, Chat, Email, SMS and Social Media. Integrated technology solutions with real time monitoring capabilities and extensive reporting features are being deployed for effective utilization of social listening. Customer data collected over these platforms is analyzed to draw meaningful insights related to customer behaviour and buying patterns.
With a large population of new generation customers embracing social media in a big way, these channels also can be instrumental in resolving customer complaints and enhancing customer service. Finally, no marketer will disagree with the fact that brands that care to 'listen' will always have an advantage against others that don't. Companies looking at revitalizing their brands with better products, improved services and proactive customer engagement must focus on 'social listening' to create a more effective approach to brand management.
For more information on our state-of-the-art technology, please visit us at Social Media Integration.


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

		<title>Vivaldi Status</title>

 VIVALDI

			<button onclick="loadData()">Reload</button>
			<button type="button" id="pauseButton" onclick="pauseButtonHandler()">Disable Auto Reload</button>
			<button type="button" id="showClientsButton" onclick="showClientsButtonHandler()">Show Clients</button>

			Usage:

			- move the mouse over a node to get information

			- left click and drag to measure distance

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
#ifndef VSTAFS_H
#define VSTAFS_H	1

#define LINE			16
#define BLOCK_SIZE		512
#define VSTAFS_START_DATA	320

struct bootrecord
{
  unsigned char flag;
  unsigned char s_sector;
  unsigned char s_head;
  unsigned char s_cylinder;
  unsigned char p_type;
  unsigned char e_sector;
  unsigned char e_head;
  unsigned char e_cylinder;
  unsigned long start_lba;
  unsigned long nr_sector_lba;
};

struct alloc
{
  unsigned long a_start;
  unsigned long a_len;
};

struct first_sector
{
  unsigned long fs_magic;
  unsigned long fs_size;
  unsigned long fs_extsize;
  unsigned long fs_free;
  struct  alloc fs_freesecs[0];
};

struct prot
{
  unsigned char len;
  unsigned char pdefault;
  unsigned char id[7];
  unsigned char bits[7];
};

struct fs_file
{
  unsigned long prev;
  unsigned long rev;
  unsigned long len;
  unsigned short type;
  unsigned short nlink;
  struct prot pprot;
  unsigned int owner;
  unsigned int extents;
  struct alloc blocks[32];
  long fs_ctime, fs_mtime; /* it is not lon but time_t */
  char pad[16];
  char data[0];
};

struct dir_entry
{
  char name[28];
  unsigned long start;
};

#endif /* ! VSTAFS_H */


text:
Richard Leonard Arnold Schoemaker (ur. 5 października 1886 w Roermond, zm. 3 maja 1942 w Sachsenhausen) – szermierz reprezentujący Holandię, uczestnik letnich igrzysk olimpijskich w 1908 roku.

Biografia
Służył jako inżynier w Królewskiej Niderlandzkiej Armii Indii Wschodnich (Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger). Był również profesorem architektury na Instytucie Technologii w Bandungu i Uniwersytecie Technicznym w Delfcie. W czasie II wojny światowej należał do holenderskiego ruchu oporu, przez co został zesłany do obozu koncentracyjnego Sachsenhausen (KL), gdzie zmarł.

Jedna z ulic obok kampusu Uniwersytetu Technicznego w Delfcie nosi jego imię (Schoemakerstraat).

Przypisy

Holenderscy szermierze
Holenderscy olimpijczycy
Szermierze na Letnich Igrzyskach Olimpijskich 1908
Więźniowie KL Sachsenhausen
Urodzeni w 1886
Zmarli w 1942


You've asked me for a video on how to set up and even restore hand planes for some time and we put this one together as a starter video. It's just over an hour long realtime at my bench. I hope it clarifies some of the the nuances for plane initialisation including total restoration work. We take what is basically an unusable plane and, step by step, walk you through the stages so that your plane can take its rightful place back as fully orbed, capital plane capable of creating the most beautiful work you can imagine.
Yes, it is a fact that we have sent the price of eBay #4 plane finds up to double what they were a year or two ago, and, yes, they won't stop, but even if they went to £50 and over they are always worth every penny. Beyond that, your fettling your own planes this way give them an even greater value in that you truly understand the plane because the restoration work dismantles every part, restores it and and then sets it all back up in the setting up process.
When you look at the ugly and totally rusted plane we start with at the beginning of the video and see where it ends up in all its glory I think you will be totally inspired to give it a go. You'll love it.
Any you want. The colour is strong so whatever you have in stock or want to buy works for this.
Cut the dark brown leather dye by just a teaspoonful of solvent to a half a cup. Add more as needed. Remember that applying successive coats of the mix increases darkness layer by layer. Also remember that successive coats dissolve previous coats so apply fast and do not fuss with the coats after application. My maxim: apply fast, evenly and let well alone.
Best thing is to take off the 'U' shaped yoke for forward and backwards movement of the frog, the bit beneath the depth adjustment wheel at the back of the frog, and reinstall in the sole to see if possibly this is preventing the frog from aligning. It is very rare but it does happen. Once the frog is reinstalled and cinched down tight, minus the yoke part, you can see if there is something in the casting that prevents the frog from aligning. If it still does not align you will be able to check the castings for bumps and humps and twists. If you have another same plane try using the parts in each to see if they do the same thing. if the yoke is twisted or unevenly milled it can offset the frog and so may need correcting.
You can usually see a line and actually, in the video we did, I just happened to have a laminated blade from Stanley who made them that ways for a while but stopped. The steel is ultra hard. When you stop the video and look at the image you can see a line that looks like I have a secondary bevel but it is the contrast between the two steels.
Also, I noticed one of the answers someone gave on WWMC who said he used a small tab of double sided tape there and it worked well for him.
You can also become a free or premium members to woodworkingmasterclasses.com and follow our training videos there.
There are more and I will add them as I find time.
Do you ever better the paint/japanning? Or the surface of the lever cap? How would you go about doing that?
I once cleaned up a #5 plane that had been used for heavens knows what, the mouth was full of glue and all finds of filth. I took it to a local shot blaster and he cleaned it up perfectly, but he did say the japanning was the hardest thing to remove, even blasting it with walnut shells.
I never have but there is nothing to stop you. On the chrome, I would say leave well along unless it's flaking and then I I just sand the edges lightly after flicking off any loose chrome if chromed.
On the LumberJocks forum there's a good series written by someone that had a go at doing his own japanning. I've not tried it myself though. I just try to remove as much rust as I can and use wax over the body to prevent more.
Do you ever use penetrating oils like WD-40 for rust removal/prevention?
Thank you so much for the video. For the last question, on how to tighten the handles, I have found that if you hacksaw or file off a bit of the threads for the long bolt that holds the handle to the frame, it makes the connection tighter, which alleviates the twisting.
Thanks for the video and especially the question about the Frog (mine doesn't sit right either). Sorry to be pedantic, but could you be a little more specific about the leather dye used. I had a look at Tandy's website and wasn't sure what you were referring to, as I couldn't see any solvent for sale alongside the Eco-Flow and Fiebing's Leather dye products.
Actually it is just Feibing's brown leather dye sold by Tandy and other outlets.
The best thing about Paul's instructions is there is no waffle, everything is concise and to the point. My planes are now pristine because Paul, very generously, shows us the correct way to restore and sharpen our tools.
Excellent video Paul. Personal preference for me is to restore to a functional state only. I like seeing the history in the plane visually. It's easy to restore to "like" new, but I always think that is a shame. Clamping the roll of abrasive paper is a good tip. Wasted a lot of double sided tape in the past.
Me too, what I usually do is just leave it on the roll and roll out as the abrasive wears to far. Doing things to camera can hold some things back.
Could you post a picture sometime of the maximum amount of pitting you will accept on the back of a blade at the cutting edge? This is what usually kills tools for me….I buy something, get it apart, and find pitting on the back of the iron that I just cannot manage to lap off. Of course, I'm talking about pitting at the cutting edge…pitting elsewhere doesn't really matter. So, I'm wondering if I'm too fussy, whether you accept any pitting here, and if so how much. Pits seem to lead to imperfections in the planed surface.
I've got the same concern. I've recently bought a record no4 in excellent shape, I was surprised. But the back of the blade has pitting. Close to the edge I think the blade is sharpen with a back bevel. But just after there are pitting so if I ground a little I will fall on the blade with pitting in it.
I don't know if it can still be used like this.
Another question linked to this : are the new Stanley blade as good as old Stanley/record blades? Do they keep their edge correctly?
Personally I don't mess with pitted flat faces even though there are methods to still use the iron I find they break into my pattern of working. Better to find a replacement iron new or secondhand. I have used new Stanley blades and they seem just fine. It's a no-brainer for manufacturers supplying Stanley replacement blades. They pay under a pound for the steel, the process requires zero skilled hand work and they sell them for £10. Like printing your own money; bit like buying copy prints of an art piece as limited editions when they are no more than a facsimile of the original work.
Thanks for your answer (and so quick!).
So I'll plan to get another blade, old or new depending on the cheapest I find.
Thanks a lot for all the knowledge you're giving to us and for demystifying woodworking!
Saw one on UK ebay ten minutes ago for £6.95 free shipping.
I'm French so shipping won't be free but if original price is low it's a good opportunity.
Thank you Paul for the plane rehab video. I picked up a number of great tips.
But mostly, thank you for your practical approach. For example, I've seen/read so many sharpening "commandments" like always keep the sand paper dead flat against the surface, never sharpen your iron towards the cutting edge, use a heavy magnet to ensure the iron is dead flat when honing the back…and on and on. Your video proved all of those unnecessary.
Your teachings cut through so much of that noise….it's truly refreshing to say the least.
Yup! I understand. Many make others strain at a gnat.
Paul used loose paper on the bevel, not the back. When I've used loose paper to flatten the backs, I've dubbed the corners. That made chisels hard to use. I agree others make too big a deal of many things, but there are subtleties here. When using paper on the backs of irons and chisels, I use a little spray adhesive to keep the paper down to avoid dubbing the corners and I don't just hog away wildly. On the bevel, it doesn't matter.
I didn't use the paper for the blade flat faces. Ed is right to mention this here if this is indeed raised somewhere.
How much pressure do you put on the plane when using abrasive paper to flatten the sole?
You can apply higher pressures but it's not necessarily pressure that's needed but good sharp particulate which of course becomes less and less abrasive as the particulate loses its abrasive edges through fracture and wear. I would say change the abrasive regularly and us moderate firm pressure otherwise you will likely distort the steel of the plane which is much easier to do than people think.
I have tuned up a couple planes with your old youtube video but this video makes the others antique , I redid my planes after watching this one and they work like yours do now ,, thank you for the more in depth video, it was well worth the time spent to watch it,, . lots of rxtra little tidbits.
After stripping "all" the parts with safe rust remover, sent out for nickel plating (process does not affect parts in any way) other then truly shines & protects…. Parts can be re-japanning or painted. Then applied Ren Wax for further protection & no finger prints.
Well worth the effort for hand me downs for future generations of grandkids…. Love the detail of your video & humor.
Any advice for flattening the soles of longer planes? I have a Miller Falls #22 (similar to a Stanley #7)….at the moment, I don't have anything long enough to use as a reference face. what would be a good reference for something so long? I thought of getting one like your granite slab, but that's not long enough, is it?…being new to restoring old tools, I don't want to foul it up. Tips?
I am not sure here because the soles flex so easily and change with temperature changes and as you use them too anyway. I don't really have a use for these planes and never recommend them for any work I might need. Those that will advise you make claims of flatness but I have yet to find any maker's plane that stays true.
well, I thought I'd give it a shot. So maybe it will just be good practice for restoring tools and increasing my tool knowledge. I'm in the process of making your English Workbench from your book. I had read elsewhere that it would be easier to flatten the top with a longer plane and I got the Miller Falls #22 for next to nothing so thought I'd give it a shot. I will say this, every time I stray from what you teach in your book and videos, I end up wasting time and money. I've learned my lesson (again) and I'm back on the Sellers program!
Wayne – you could try a large sheet of float glass (though they're not always that flat over larger areas), a large granite tile (as previously mentioned by Paul – take a rule to your local DIY store to find a flat one), or find a local stonemason and see if you can get an offcut or sink cutout from a suitable slab.
Thanks, Gordon. Unfortunately, the only granite tiles I've been able to find aren't longer than the plane. I'll have to do some searching for a longer granite offcut. I've heard of people using those but I'm not sure where they've purchased them. But I'll keep searching. Or maybe not, being that Paul isn't too fond of this plane. We'll see. Thanks for your comment.
Just to chip in here (no pun). Float glass flexes to the subsurface and does bend under pressure too if the support is elongated so you would need to create sufficient support flatness to support long section or panels of glass too.
Yes – I've found the glass I have (originally for scary sharpening) will move a bit under pressure, so when using it to flatten soles I tend to shim it and check it for flatness on the bench top before I start. A nice thick offcut of granite would be much better, but for the moment my restored planes are flat to a degree that exceeds my skill level when I put them to use.
I found a rusty #8 at a flea market for $35, which I tuned up. A machinist friend had a large enough reference table, so I put it on that out of curiosity. First off, I was lucky. That plane was dead flat everywhere it needed to be (near the mouth) and was flat extending for a great part of it's length. Second, where it wasn't flat, it was surprisingly easy to flex it flat against the reference table and close out the gaps we could probe with feeler gauges, just like Paul said. So, a couple lessons from this for me. First, despite their size, these are planes to be used gently. Second, since they flex, it probably doesn't make much sense worrying about flattening them other than right at the mouth, but don't bulldog it when you do that flattening. Finally, the casting is probably only out by a small fraction of an inch (mine was only out a few thou over a couple feet), certainly small compared to what we care about for jointing an edge to glue up, so I'd think if you don't bulldog it, the plane can be useful. That's not to disagree with Paul saying one isn't required, but for $35, I'm glad I got it. Although it is too big for most work, for some reason, I like the #8 on a shooting board.
Hello Mr. Sellers, I am having a problem with the the lever cap. The steel behind it is bent as if the lever is pushed all the way back even when it is not. I was thinking about hammering it back into shape, but thought I would ask you first before I do anything I might regret.
I need a pic to see what you mean, Emory.
I got the plane while out of town and had it mailed to me (it was too nice a plane to let the TSA have a chance at it), so it may be a little while, but I'll get a picture as soon as I can.
Problem resolved, sorry to bother you.
Any plans to touch on restoring the combination/plough planes like the #45? I just got a nice deal on a pretty good 45, other than everything being dull and a little neglected it is in good shape, but I am finding things like the spurs, #8 blade and the skis a bit confounding on how to bring back to life.
Thank you very much Paul. I have a growing collection of old planes – USA Stanleys, Records, Millers Falls and a Marples #4 that has really impressed me. So this guide has come at the perfect time as I start to de-rust some of them and get them ready to learn more about using hand planes.
I watched the entire video the other day and was impressed by your straight forward approach to many things. You've also persuaded me to move to diamond stones as `I find the need to soak, and the mess of waterstones puts me off and means I sharpen less often than I should!
I'm interested in how you finished the handles. I see that you've used a dk brown leather dye from Tandy. the only available one I could find was by Fiebings, is that the one?
But I'm not sure what, if any, solvent to use.
And is it ok to use clear spirit shellac sanding sealer or is something else better? I'm not familiar with shellacs as I mostly use Tru-oil or Nitrocellulose on the guitars that I build.
Any pictures or links would be very much appreciated.
Well, thanks again for taking the time to share your experience with us all, it really is valued.
Dave S – that's the right dye (or at least, it's the one I've used). I mixed some into Chestnut Sanding Sealer (shellac), and find that a little methylated spirits was needed to cut it down to a good consistency. A few coats and the handles look good.
I've also used some of the other colours of that dye neat (cut with some meths) to stain pine; with reasonable success.
The hake brush that Paul uses is well worth the investment too – I've found it really good for applying shellac (though I have one for clear shellac and another for the brown dye, as it obviously stains the brush).


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The ITEP model's federal tax calculations are similar to those produced by the congressional Joint Committee on Taxation, the U.S. Treasury Department and the Congressional Budget Office (although each of these four models differs in varying degrees as to how the results are presented). The ITEP model, however, can be used to model both federal and state policies on a state-by-state basis, which is a capability not found in government models.
For more information about the model, visit our Frequently Asked Questions page.
The Consumption Tax Model analyzes the revenue yield and incidence of current sales and excise taxes. It also has the capacity to analyze the revenue and incidence implications of a broad range of base and rate changes in general sales taxes, special sales taxes, gasoline excise taxes and tobacco excise taxes. There are more than 250 base items available to amend in the model, reflecting sales tax base differences among states and possible changes that might occur. The model also includes modules for visitor consumption, reflecting the in-state purchases of individuals residing in other states or countries, and for business consumption, reflecting the in-state purchases of locally-based and nationally-based businesses.
Local Taxes: The model can analyze the statewide revenue and incidence of local taxes (not, however, broken down by individual localities).
IRS 1988 Individual Public Use Tax File, Level III Sample; IRS Individual Public Use Tax Files; Current Population Survey; Consumer Expenditure Survey; U.S. Census; American Community Survey.
Miscellaneous IRS data; Congressional Budget Office and Joint Committee on Taxation forecasts; other economic data (Commerce Department, WEFA, etc.); state tax department data; data on overall levels of consumption for specific goods (Commerce Department, Census of Services, etc.); state specific consumption and consumption tax data (Census data, Government Finances, etc.); state specific property tax data (Govt. Finances, etc.); American Housing Survey; Census of Population Housing; Energy Information Administration; Federal Highway Administration; BDS Analytics; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and others.


The commercial real estate sector, as stated recently by Lawrence Yum, NAR chief economist, "Is on firm ground in spite of the global and domestic headwinds that continue to keep U.S. economic growth in a headlock." But we, as New Englanders and living on the coast, know the commercial real estate market is like the ocean; in one instance calm and continuous and in the next unstable and crushing. And that real estate change can happen at any time.
From a real estate management perspective, I can continue to report that we finished the year strong; market conditions were good, both on the multifamily and office/retail side. Rents still went up, vacancy went down and demand was strong. Our eight year run has been a good one.
2016 ended as expected. Boston's average apartment rents are the 3rd highest in the country and experienced an average of a 4% rental increase with only a 3.8% vacancy. This 4% rental increase was, down, though, from 5% in 2015.
This leads me to my 2017 prediction.
With the downward pressure from the luxury apartment new construction market and the first signs of oversupply, we'll begin to see rents in this submarket being reduced and the return of concessions. This will be the result of a flood of new luxury apartments in the market where most of the new construction has taken place. We will need to work through this sluggishness while we continue to try and absorb those luxury units which were newly constructed in 2016 and those in the 2017 construction pipeline.
This will also create a unique leasing environment in the Class B and C apartments as the oversupply of upper end apartments and competitive demand trickles downward. This will allow for rents and vacancy to remain close to 2016 levels. 2018, however, will prove to be a more challenging year.
As to the office sector, leasing picked up in 2016 and the metropolitan vacancy rate dropped to 12.5%, the 5th lowest in the country. The national average vacancy rate stayed level at 16%. Strong employment numbers in the Greater Boston area and new businesses moving into the region will continue to have a favorable impact. In The longer term this sector will maintain its momentum through 2017.
Finally, the Boston metropolitan retail vacancy rate, year ending 2016, closed out at close to 3% as compared to the national vacancy rate of 7.5%. This local vacancy rate rivals the multi-family market and is the lowest it has been six years. The amount of vacant sublease space has also trended down. Rents grew approximately 5% in this market.
In 2017, centers that have luxury and discount retailers will continue to prosper. Mid-tier retailers like Macy's and Sears will continue to struggle due to the impact of e-commerce. This will also affect those centers where these mid-tier retailers are situated.


Read more about employee motivation and engagement in The Edge of Service™ Newsletter, Issue 28: Motivation: Removing the Barriers.
Find more customer service statistics here.
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text:
Attorney general honors former boss Reno
CNN Justice Producer Terry Frieden
Attorney General Eric Holder helped honor Janet Reno, his former boss, Friday.
WASHINGTON (CNN) - Eight years and three months after then-Attorney General Janet Reno hugged her Deputy Attorney General Eric Holder goodbye, now Attorney General Holder warmly embraced his former boss at ceremonies honoring Reno's career achievements.
With dozens of former Clinton administration officials and a sprinkling of career Justice Department veterans looking on, Holder heaped high praise on Reno for her famous tenacity and tireless work schedule during an often controversial eight-year tenure.
"Janet is both tough and tender," Holder told an audience at which the American Judicature Society presented Reno its annual "Justice Award."
"I don't know how many times she said to me, "What's the right thing to do'," Holder said. "It was never what's the easy thing, what's the political thing, or the expedient thing to do," he said
Holder drew knowing laughter as he recalled her alternate roles as demanding taskmaster to senior officials, while displaying great kindness to children and patience with lower-level employees and their families.
Reno, who was stricken with Parkinson's disease while she was attorney general, was noticeably weak and displayed the lingering affects of health issues she has battled in recent years.
In her brief remarks, Reno revisited one of her trademark messages of the 1990s, urging the development of crime prevention programs to curb violence.
Reno's friend Morris Dees of the Southern Poverty Law Center praised Reno as he ticked off a list of challenges Reno had faced - not always successfully and not without controversy. He recalled the fire at Waco, Texas, the Oklahoma City bombing, the standoff with the Montana Freemen, the Unabomber search, black church bombings, the first World Trade Center bombing and the snatching of the Cuban boy Elian Gonzales in Miami.
In closing Holder referred to the portrait of Reno hanging in his office, Holder said, "Rest assured, you are always near by."
Filed under: Eric Holder • Justice Department


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Revise and proofread, treat your first written copy as a draft, and then read through and revise. Please take time to organise the layout of your thesis professionally and appropriately. The policy for late hand-in by Part II students is as follows: Lateness, penalty, up to 5 pm on the Friday of 7th week 1, up to 5 pm on the Monday of 8th week 5, up to 5 pm on the Tuesday of 8th. Computer malfunction is not an acceptable reason for late submission. The flask was then connected to a long column, distilling head, and condenser. Please keep proper electronic backups of your thesis and data. In WIC courses, some assignments will have revision steps included in the submission and grading process. Two copies of your thesis must be handed in at the Examination Schools by 12 noon on Friday, (7th Week of Trinity Term). Supplementary material, such as tables of results, detailed compound characterisation, computer programmes etc.
Although two semesters of CHM 393 are specified as being Senior Research, any undergraduate may work with a professor as part of his/her research team during their first, second, or third years. Axes should use reasonable scales to clearly show the data and have labeled tic marks. . Approximately 16 hours per week; otherwise, as chem 4010Y. (iii) Any CD accompanying a thesis, for whatever reason, should be carefully checked for proper functionality and a copy deposited with the supervisor. Viva voce examinations These will be held in the Chemistry Research Lab. It is also wise to ask your senior research adviser and second reader for advice based on their reading of a preliminary draft.