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Thu, February 4, 2016 | Posted by Staff
This is Episode 187 of the Community Broadband Bits Podcast. Andrew Blum, author of Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet published in 2012, joins the show to describe his tour of the infrastructure of the Internet. Listen to this episode here.
Andrew Blum: When my Internet at home broke and the guy came to fix it and said, "I think a squirrel is chewing on your Internet" and I realized that if squirrels could chew on the piece of the Internet behind my building there had to be other pieces of the Internet that squirrels can chew on.
Lisa Gonzalez: Hello and welcome to Episode 187 of the Community Broadband Bits Podcast from the Institute for Local Self-Reliance I'm Lisa Gonzalez. The Internet has become so ingrained in our lives we rarely think about its physical structure. In 2012 Andrew Blum published Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet. His book brings us into that unseen world that we often forget about until something goes wrong. In this interview Andrew and Chris discuss his motivation for writing the book, some of the surprising things he learned a long the way and the unrestrained nature of the Internet itself. Here at the Institute for Local Self-Reliance we strive to bring you quality resources like the Community Broadband Bits Podcast and we do it with no advertising.
If you're one of our listeners you appreciate the unique information we offer and you understand that there's very few places to get this information please take a moment to donate at ilsr.org or muninetworks.org to help us continue to bring you accurate, interesting, quality information. Any amount helps. Now here's Chris talking with Andrew Blum, author of Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet.
Chris Mitchell: Welcome to another edition of the Community Broadband Bits podcast. I'm Chris Mitchell and today I'm speaking with Andrew Blum the author of Tubes" A Journey to The Center of the Internet. Welcome to the show.
Andrew Blum: Thanks for having me.
Chris Mitchell: It's great to have you on. You and I talked around the time the book came out and I've really enjoyed it and I should have had you on four years ago.
Andrew Blum: That's okay. Thank you.
Chris Mitchell: It's great to catch up because the Internet hasn't changed much physically I think.
Andrew Blum: No, that's true its structure is pretty much the same I think.
Chris Mitchell: How would you describe the book just briefly for people who hadn't heard of it? What are they going to get out of reading your book?
Andrew Blum: The book is the chronicle of my visit to the Internet, in particular I focused not just the data centers which I think are the pieces of the Internet's infrastructure that are most familiar but the Internet exchange points. The places where networks physically connect to each other and the lines in between. The terrestrial fiber networks that are probably more obvious but also the under sea cables across the oceans that recently have come to more prominence but were certainly forgotten for a lot of years. Then I try to communicate some of why it's important to understand what these places are and how they fit together and more importantly I think who puts them together and what companies own them and what the consequences are for those questions.
Chris Mitchell: I think for people who may not be as familiar with how the Internet works this is a great introduction. I think you have a background in architecture and an interest in how things are made. I think of it as maybe if 99% Invisible that famous podcast, if they had a book maybe this is what it would look like.
Andrew Blum: Good. Thanks, good.
Chris Mitchell: Anyway, I think you tell the story at the beginning of the book but you're a bit of a tech savvy person but I don't think you knew all that much about how the Internet worked. What got you interested in writing the book?
Andrew Blum: There were two main things, one macro and one micro. The macro scene it was 2008/2009 it was the beginning of the great recession. I was writing mostly for Wired of Wired Magazine mostly about big infrastructure about airports and sky scrappers and things like that. Started poking around looking at the broadband stimulus funding with this idea that if there's this whole conversation about putting shovels in the ground. That was the big refrain of the government stimulus across all things. Shovels in the ground that was going to get the country going. The idea of shovels in the ground and broadband was not something that I had connected in my head in a long time.
As I understood it with the fiber boom in the early 2000s the Internet was built and that was that. I'd read a couple of articles about Google's mysterious data centers but otherwise there just was no conversation about it even at Wired. Even at Wired we'd forgotten about the wires.
Chris Mitchell: I've noticed that hasn't changed by the way.
Andrew Blum: Yes, although of course now it's been subsumed by the conversation about the cloud, it's replaced by different things and the NSA which is another topic but both also relevant. The micro thing that happened that focused me was one, it's actually it's a January day like today. It's exactly seven years ago I guess when my Internet home broke. I'm a Cablevision customer in Brooklyn. The guy came to fix it and went behind my building to see what was going on and saw a squirrel running a long a wire and said … and this question changed my life, was, "I think a squirrel is chewing on your Internet." I realized that if squirrels could chew on the piece of the Internet behind my building there had to be other pieces of the Internet that squirrels can chew on.
There had to be something physical there and just developed this framework of yanking the cable from the wall and just trying to figure out where it went with the idea that I had to go some place. I remember very early on talking to my editor again we were tech savvy, we thought we knew how the Internet worked. We thought it was your messages were broken up into parts and then reassembled. I'd realized that in the idea of information traveling over many paths across the Internet we had began to believe it didn't travel over any paths at all in saying that there were many. We assumed that meant really there were none when in fact that wasn't true at all. There had to be a physical path and probably fewer physical paths and certainly I expected when I started the project.
Chris Mitchell: That's one of the things that I found interesting was that you found the Internet was more centralized than you had expected from what you'd learned about over the years. I wanted to say squirrels and sharks, right?
Andrew Blum: Yeah.
Chris Mitchell: It's like the two pieces.
Andrew Blum: The sharks are a bit apocryphal, the squirrels are real. The squirrels have their own Twitter handle now, you know Cyber Squirrel?
Chris Mitchell: No, I had not seen that. I have to check that out.
Andrew Blum: Yeah, it's the squirrel liberation army, it's actually quite good.
Chris Mitchell: I guess what I'm curious about then is how you describe it to people in terms of how does the Internet work?
Andrew Blum: The last mile is the piece most people are familiar with because it's where they pay for it. They pay their cable company, they interact with the cable repair person, they're aware of their speed or their cellular or cable or DSL or maybe fiber. The part that I think is more surprising to people are the spaces in between networks and the connections between networks of the Internet, the interim Internet. There's the basic idea that the Internet is a network of networks and those networks have to meet somewhere. They have to be connected by someone. Once that connection is made yes things do run automatically but it has to physically made and configured by hand.
It turns out that the places where those connections are made, where networks connect one to another are relatively few and far between. That they're pretty specialized. They have a certain scale of geography where you just don't want them in every city. You may not even want one of these places in every state. They're really regional places where networks connect to each other that we call Internet exchange points. Carrier hotel is another word for it but that doesn't quite capture the more vivid and deliberate and chaotic activity that goes on in the big Internet exchange points where lots of networks are connecting to each other. I think it's worth also acknowledging that the word network is a bit fuzzy.
A network could be something like Google or Facebook of YouTube or I should Amazon or any of our big favorites but a network could also be a small regional ISP or a network could even be a very large law firm or basically anyone that runs their own AS meaning autonomous system. Anyone who declares themselves and independent network on the Internet. For the most part we live inside the Internet, the networks of our ISPs but more and more you do see large businesses and certainly for a long time universities and government agencies all acting as autonomous networks on the Internet and managing their connections between each other really by hand.
Chris Mitchell: I think one of the interesting tugs over the history of this is that whether we're becoming more centralized or more decentralized because I worry as Comcast has grown from being a small cable company before anyone knew about the Internet to what it is today. It's taken over many … what formally had been autonomous systems and made it into effectively one, the Comcast System. We've seen the same thing with … we had once what? Almost 10,000 Clax, these local ISPs and almost all of them were run out of business. At the same time we do see these other corporate networks coming out and developing the autonomous system, getting their own numbers effectively. The thing for me that I find so amazing is how parts of these are very formal and parts of it are really informal.
You talk about how these are very important networks and how they trade information in these Internet exchange points which are often just abbreviated the IXPs if people have seen that term around. One of the things I find amazing is you talk about some of those big routers, they've got 160 ports and then you juxtapose it I think with just the handshake agreements that basically make them come alive.
Andrew Blum: I saw that in the time that I spent inside the NANOG community, NANOG being North American Network Operators Group. I think it's actually in the last couple of years has become more formalize, the stakes have gotten a little bit bigger. Until very recently it was about the peering coordinator of one network having a beer and trusting and trusting from a technical standpoint basically from a geek standpoint. Trusting the technical capability of their counterpart at another network and then recognizing that they each had a business case for connecting to each other. Sometimes that business case would be sweetened by one becoming the customer of another but otherwise when we say we have lots of eyeballs.
We've got lots of one IXP, we've lots of customers who need your content. You're content provider, you need to get your content to customers. Hey we both have a presence at one of a handful of Internet exchange points why don't we basically string a cable from my cage and my router to your cage and your router? For which we'll probably have to pay a fee to our landlord and pay for the cost of configuring it. Once that happens the Internet is ours. My network is connected to your sand we don't have to pay anybody anything to move our traffic around if we're in those places.
Chris Mitchell: One of the things that I find really interesting is how that gives you a certain kind of control that you wouldn't otherwise have. If we imagine a three network setup where you and I want to connect and we're currently maybe connected through the third network that of the listener but we don't have any control. If we send something through the listener's network maybe it takes a while to get you. Maybe I have to re-transmit half of the packets because there's a quality issue or just packets are being dropped from congestion. If you and I interconnect which we can basically do by just having two machines in the same building and then we can work everything out between up we have total control. The thing that also kills me on top of that is if we have a great idea for a business we're on the Internet, right?
Andrew Blum: Right.
Chris Mitchell: We didn't have to get permission from Comcast or others. At a certain point if we're Netflix then Comcast could try and shake us down but the freedom there is remarkable.
Andrew Blum: It is and I was amazed that among the network engineers they were constrained by their business overlords in different ways. They were all private companies, there's no such thing as a public company on the Internet. It's a good rule of thumb with very few exceptions. You all have private companies all trying to make their money in different ways. If they recognize that there's a need, that it's worthwhile for them to exchange their traffic then they're going to do it. If it's worth spending some cost of buying the hardware and other things like that, that can happen in all sorts of surprising ways. Again, as long as the physical infrastructure is there, as long as there places available that are neutral where you don't have other ISPs.
Other big networks breathing down people's throats and trying to extract their cut of things then there is the freedom for things to go a little crazy and for the networks of the Internet to connect in ways you might not expect.
Chris Mitchell: Do you think the lack of knowledge that I think most people have and that you probably had before you wrote the book, does that impact how we deal with policy, how we try to solve this problem of getting more people, higher quality Internet connectivity?
Andrew Blum: Undoubtedly. It comes up most clearly in the different net neutrality conversations. It always amazed me that until very recently interconnection was not a part of that net neutrality conversation. The assumption was it's all about the last miles, it's all about what your cable company is and isn't doing. With no sense ... particularly as bandwidth has grown mostly from video and demand has grown so much, with no sense of the other bottlenecks that might exist in the system. Not between you ISP and your cable box but maybe between your ISP and Netflix or Amazon, whoever it is. Recently we've become more aware of some of those bottlenecks but it just wasn't … Again, in Tim Wu's book about net neutrality the word peering and interconnection does not appear.
Chris Mitchell: In the Master switch?
Andrew Blum: In the Master Switch, yes. Then earlier in his book with Jack Goldsmith about net neutrality it just doesn't come up. It wasn't part of the conversation it was about the last mile. I think that the dominance of that and the quietness of the peering community had set us back a certain number of years in the network policy conversation. I will say that I think that's changed dramatically in the last three/four years. I think it's really started to enter the conversation. Then you see things get more public and like with Comcast and Netflix or now that Tim Wu is working for the Attorney General now you see he's demanded the paperwork behind the peering agreements, that should be exciting to see. That's going to make a difference I think.
Chris Mitchell: There's these broad trends in both the left and the right, there's subsections of the left and the right that deeply care about decentralizing. I think the people who built the Internet had some of those on both the left and the right and they really cared about there's decentralized technology. In recent years we've had this more centralizing influence both from government and from these large companies like Comcast. I think to some extent people maybe didn't see interconnection being a problem because they didn't really think that when you squeeze the balloon Comcast is going to find a way of popping out elsewhere and creating those issues. In part I'm just wondering, what have you seen in the IXP space because when you say there might only be one in the city and that might be enough I'm curious if that is enough.
Andrew Blum: One other piece with the consolidation and the concerns with that is not just the consolidation, the big companies, it's the lack of transparency. I think for me that's become really important. I'm on the Internet history list-serv that's run out of … I guess maybe it's out of Berkeley. I don't know how big it is but it's a weird thing because whenever somebody asks a question about Internet history like all of the self-declared founding fathers of the Internet write back right away. There was recently a bit of a stir about the series of articles that Ingrid Burrington did in The Atlantic about Internet infrastructure. Her refrain being, "I was shut out, I was shut out. I had to search out these places, they're secret, they're secret, they're secret."
The response in the list was, "She doesn't know what she's talking about and that's false" it completely missed the forests for the trees with that the point is that we don't know where these places are. The point is that these places are obscured. The point is that if you're a founding father of the Internet and you work for Google you're not helping the case of Internet history if there's a culture of secrecy around all Internet infrastructure. I just want to really point out that I do think the lack of transparency is as if not more important than the consolidation among the networks.
Chris Mitchell: To some of the extent I always wonder if some of that is an issue of just natural, "Well I know where it is and the people that associate with know where it is so it's not a secret." Then there's also a sense of, "I don't really want other people to know where it is because my source of power is this unique knowledge." It's like being a knight and I know things that other people don't know or being a part of a secret order. Do you think there's some of that as well?
Andrew Blum: We can talk all day about the psychology of the network. I think that these businesses have gotten so big now and they're lucrative for their employees. There's the sense that it has important strategic advantage to keep all these number of secret. I'm talking about at the biggest level so the Amazons and the Googles and things like that. It's such a small pool of people who deal with these interconnection agreements and they all go from company to company to company and I've seen that over the last five/six years. They rotate through the same lists of companies. There's a lot at stake for them personally.
I don't blame them but I do think that we start with a long time where nobody was asking the questions and now we have a lot of people are asking questions about how this happens. How these networks of together and where data centers are and why they're there and what's in them and all of that. We still are facing uphill struggle to get the companies to open up about what's inside of them and what happens.
Chris Mitchell: By the companies you mean basically any of these companies that are moving large bits of traffic that are involved in the interconnection agreement.
Andrew Blum: Yes.
Chris Mitchell: Those are the companies you're talking about?
Andrew Blum: Absolutely. Again, if Tim Wu's demanded, this assistant attorney general we hear more about this. This is the need to open up these issues in order to frankly increase the freedom of the Internet I think is really important. This is a little bit controversial but for a long time the net neutrality and the Internet freedom conversations have been dominated by some of these big companies. I think that's been a bit of a drag on the conversation. It's the consolidation not only of the network themselves but the consolidation of the intellectual space around these things. It's one reason the community network piece has always been such a thrill for me because it's exactly the glorious idea that anyone could be a network on the Internet if we can just build it.
For me the key counter to all of the pressures of lack of transparency, the consolidation is the friction of many networks. As long as one network doesn't get too big you have more freedom on the Internet. I think that's a physical corollary to a lot of the policy conversations that we talk about.
Chris Mitchell: That's where I want to get back to a comment that you were making in terms of the number of IXPs one might have. I just think here in the Twin cities Minneapolis-Saint Paul we have one and like so many of them it's named by its address which makes it easier to find somewhat but at the same time it's one. It strikes me that there would be a danger of someone who could take ownership of it or in some ways spoil it so that it would be hostile to new comers perhaps. I would like to see many IXPs in one of my thoughts. I'm curious if there's a trade-off to that or how I might think about it.
Andrew Blum: Well, there are examples of a change in ownership causing a constriction of opportunities interconnection. The most notable would be the Google building in New York, 111 8th Avenue. Whey bought it in 2010 I guess it is it was the largest real estate transaction of the year in America, $2 something billion. It wasn't acknowledged publicly that the interconnection piece was a very important part of that deal. They said they wanted it for the office space. They have indeed filled it up with office space but they have by all accounts had a chilling effect on that as an exchange point. Although they're such a good customers so many of the big networks kind of shuffles out. That's an example of a major exchange point losing its neutrality, a very prominent example.
There's been a lot of consolidation among the ISP operators, Equinix has been growing remarkably, Telx was just bought by Digital Realty Trust. Before that Equinix had bought Switch and Data, there's a shrinking of the number of players in that space. I don't have a sense of what kind of chilling effect if any that has. I know for example at 350 East Cermak in Chicago the biggest Internet exchange point in the middle of the country and now in the coast, the building itself was owned by Digital Realty and Telx operated the meet me room. The places where actually the networks in the building connected to each other, the patch panel. Now that Digital Realty owns Telx wholesale you lose that tension between the meet me room and the building itself.
Equinix is also a customer in that building although that situation replicate at other places. For me as there's vertical integration between the Internet exchange operators and the data center space that begins to call into question the whole model. I don't know how that's playing out yet, it's all pretty new I'd say. I'm not following it as well as I used to and that stuff it's more backroom stuff that I'm not as preview to if I ever was.
Chris Mitchell: Well, let's get back into some of the work you did and the conversations you had as a result of it. I'm always curious, do you have any memorable reactions when you were describing the actual geography of the Internet to people? I just imagine a number of people thinking, well that just seems way more immature-ish than I imagined, right?
Chris Mitchell: It's Wild West and we discuss ways in which it's less so today but it's still remarkably for the thing that's sweeping and changing all commerce on the face of the planet. It's remarkable.
Andrew Blum: The thing that comes up in every single conversation, every single event is how do we destroy the Internet? Or if we talk about these places won't somebody blow them up? I used to joke when I was talking about the book, the topic the law, basically daily you guys think now is the part of my day where we talk about destroying the Internet like this happens every single day. For me it was that people are surprised that it's apparent vulnerability, it was actually a strength. You can't protect it by hiding it, you have to protect it by acknowledging it. There are plenty of places that are targets for destruction but are very public. In fact most major targets for destruction, God forbid, are very public that why they're targets of destruction.
Chris Mitchell: Yeah, and because of the number of people.
Andrew Blum: Yeah, the number of people and the symbolic prominence. The Internet has always lacked symbols of infrastructure so it hasn't had that piece. I'd like to see that change, it'd be fun if these major interconnection points were celebrated as such and certainly they're becoming more public. I've always dreamt about Internet brewery tours where you get to go see a data center, plug in and I think we're getting a little bit closer to that. The most interesting exchanges I've had from people over the last couple of years have been with the reporters who have been following these Snowden story and working with the Snowden documents and have this amazing cash of documents and that they're trying to line up with and understanding of the Internet's infrastructure.
It was surprising to me because it indicated less the capability or the reach of the NSA and more the lack of understanding on anyone's part about how this all fits together. What's really going on from a technical standpoint and how extensive and overreaching or not different kinds of government tapping was. I think that's the anarchicness of Internet. I think is reassuring for anyone critical of government tapping because it gives the Internet a bit of a Wild West. It doesn't make it seem like it's just an AT&T operated network and I think opens things up again. Again, the free Internet is the diverse Internet.
Chris Mitchell: I want to go back to an area that I really loved about your book which is talking about municipal network and my bread and butter. You go back, it's really quite amazing the role of government at all levels of government in this in terms of the great dams of the North West that were built by the federal government providing low cost electricity for data centers. Then in this case tell me about The Dalles in Oregon.
Andrew Blum: The Dalles was one of my favorite trips and visits in my journey to the Internet. The Dalles is the town on the Columbia River and the border between Oregon and Washington just on the other side of the Columbia River Gorge from Portland. It's this infrastructural pinch point because it's where the railroad goes through, it's where the interstate goes through. Then not coincidentally at all it's where Google built its first ground up data center in secret, not secret for very long. I think a real watershed moment in the history of the Internet's infrastructure was the front page story in The New York Times speculating about why Google was building a 'factory' in this place. What did this mean? Was the introduction to these giant data centers. I think that was 2006 that article.
One other major questions I had was why there? What about this place? Is it cheap power? Is it cooling? It turned out a big piece of the equation was the municipal fiber network there known as QLife that had been built by the town in 2002 and on a bit of a whim because they could and increasingly depressed industrial community into a famous landmark on the Internet. It was many years before anyone acknowledged that Google was in town. There was no sign on the building I think until about 2012 or 2013. The building was smudged out of Google's online maps in an astonishing example of those who make the maps having the power. All that has changed and there's a lot more acknowledgement of The Dalles as an important Internet infrastructure hub for the region really.
Chris Mitchell: I think some of the stuff we're seeing now is that we're seeing I think more data centers moving toward cooling areas, right?
Chris Mitchell: Like you get the potential for Iceland and some of the Scandinavian countries maybe if I understand correctly for the cooling cost.
Andrew Blum: Yeah, the cooling cost and then the balance of latency, that delay in transferring data and the kind of now we all have … now Facebook it doesn't just need to be close. Now we all have our Facebook back pages, our deep storage. I think there's the recognition in a lot of these companies that you can go further away and with a little bit fitter connections from a data standpoint for some of your cloud need rather than an impulse a few years ago that everything had to be in the region in order to be whatever. X number of milliseconds away without any kind of delay. That transition seems to be happening.
Chris Mitchell: Let me ask you one final question as we wrap up and that's if you had to direct people to go to one geographic place where the Internet is to check it out and do a tour what might it be?
Andrew Blum: Actually as a tourist? Like where if you wanted to go look at things, that you go see it or where spiritually would be the …
Chris Mitchell: I think it's an open question because you and went an actually saw the landing sites of the Transcontinental Cables, I think you visited in Amsterdam, didn't you? The IXP there which is one of the largest in the world.
Chris Mitchell: Where would you direct people if they could go and check it out? Let's just say hypothetically if they could have a higher level of access than just a tourist.
Andrew Blum: Hypothetically if you get a higher level of access than just a tourist I do think one of the most satisfying spots on the Internet tourist route is the 9th Floor of 60 Hudson Street in New York. That's where the meet me room, the interconnection point that Telx operates is there. [inaudible 00:30:40] one of the major transit points between Europe and North America. It's been spread out for security reasons a little bit but that still is the harder things. It's an old Western Union telegraph building so you have the sense of one's infrastructures in place it doesn't move, once networks go to where networks are. For me it it's as much of a hinge in the physical infrastructure of the Internet as anywhere.
The Facebook data center in Prineville, Oregon is also a pretty great spot. It's a good looking building and it acknowledges that it is a monument rather than trying to just look like nothing and hide, look like a penitentiary. The data centers there are bigger than you would expect and in some ways more dramatic that you would expect. Both buildings you can just drive up to, both buildings actually are not impossible to get into at least if you're in the business. I think Telx is happy to show off the fact that they are … brag about and show off this is an important Internet meeting place particularly if you're a network administrator who might be a customer.
Chris Mitchell: Great. Well thank you so much for taking the time to come on and share with us some of your experiences.
Andrew Blum: Thanks for having me. It's exciting to reach out to the municipal fiber community as well. It's such a key part of things.
Chris Mitchell: Yeah, I think as we see these models develop I keep hoping this will be the beginning of something major where many more cities will have a municipal network as one of the options of the overlapping networks that we need.
Andrew Blum: We'll say it has to happen and I really hope it does.
Chris Mitchell: Well, thank you so much.
Andrew Blum: Thanks Chris.
Lisa Gonzalez: That was Chris and Andrew Blum the author of Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet. We highly recommend his book. Go to your independent book seller, not Amazon, and pick it up if you don't already have a copy. Send us your ideas for future broadcasts, email us at podcast@muninetworks.org. You can follow Chris on Twitter, his handle is @communitynets. You can also follow muninetworks.org stories on Twitter, the handle is @muninetworks.org. Thank you Kathleen Martin for the new music Player vs. Player licensed through Creative Commons. Thank you for listening to Episode 187 of the Community Broadband Bits Podcast.


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Q: remove app from notification when i am test my app in android device, and close it, i can show it in notification area. can you tell me how can i remove from it by programatically?
Thanks
nik

A: You have to call cancel on your NotificationManager. The parameter of the cancel method is the ID of the notification that should be canceled. This is the API with the cancel method.
UPDATE:
For example:
// Creates a notification
private static final int MY_NOTIFICATION_ID= 1234;
NotificationManager mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
mNotificationManager.notify(MY_NOTIFICATION_ID, notification);

// Removes the notification from the notification bar
mNotificationManager.cancel(MY_NOTIFICATION_ID);

A: // notification manager
_mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

// clear notification in login button click
_mNotificationManager.cancel(notication_ID);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


holidays are upon us and we all know that road carnages typically peak at this time of the year. It goes without saying that a basic safety check on your car is an absolute must before you hit the road. Everyone should get a proper service or expert assessment of their vehicle prior to heading off on holiday. If that's not possible, Jeff Osborne of Gumtree Autos SA offers five essential safety checks that everyone can and should do.


text:
Lozotaenia hesperia is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae first described by Powell in 1962. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alaska, Yukon, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Quebec.

The wingspan is about 24 mm. The forewings are grey with fine dark grey lines throughout. The hindwings are light grey, but slightly darker grey towards the apex. Adults have been recorded on wing from late June to July.

References

Moths described in 1962
Archipini

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I'm of the first generation that grew up with computers. This doesn't mean that I was born with an innate ability to use them, but being around something fosters a sense of acceptance and curiosity towards that thing. To see what I mean, give a two year old an iPhone and see how quickly she manages to unlock it and then delete all your apps. At first her actions are accidental, but eventually she recognizes a pattern of cause and effect. I grew up learning how to learn software. My father had a range of CAD software installed on our home computer and I constantly played around with these tools for no reason other than my own amusement. Ashlar Vellum (the 80s version) was my prepubescent gateway drug to digital design and the computer simply became part of how I experience the world.
During a final review in graduate school, a well-known 'environmentally-responsible' architect told me that my project would suffer from inadequate daylight levels due to the strategy I had employed. This came as a surprise to me because the 'problematic' spaces were rather small with large amounts of north facing glass, but I assumed that the critic must've been right, given his collection of completed projects and, after all, I was just a grad student whose projects were small enough to fit in a jump drive. I later studied the project in a lighting simulation course and found that the 'problematic' spaces received plenty of daylight and, if anything, they were better than the 'unproblematic' spaces because of the more evenly distributed northern light.
The point isn't that the critic was wrong, though he likely was, but rather that the success of a design is based upon decisions made in response to collections of information. In some cases, we don't have all the necessary information or we don't fully understand the inherent relationships so we fill in the blanks by throwing darts with our intuition. As I start my career in architecture, I'm left wondering what influences the accuracy of my intuition: is it possible for me to develop it faster with better accuracy, and broader relevance?
Intuition was first defined for me as an undergraduate psychology major and was introduced through the theories of Carl Gustav Jung who thought of intuition as perceiving by way of the unconscious. Jung thought of the unconscious as being split into parts: the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious – both can help us quickly form solutions to novel situations. The personal unconscious relates to our memories and experiences, which are not immediately available to us though they can be accessed with some effort. The collective unconscious represents what Jung referred to as archetypes, or what we have come to think of as genetic predispositions. Biomedical engineering may someday allow us to alter or affect our collective unconscious, but for now we are only capable of interacting with and building upon our own past experiences.
What, then, are the appropriate exercises and vitamins for a stronger intuition? I think the answer partially relies on vitamin I (iterations) and lots of it, and a large collection of spectacles for viewing the world in different ways. Now here you have to keep in mind that I only have a BA in psychology, which means I know just enough to think most people are crazy. The other takeaway is that I was forced to take statistics so I can assure you that a sample set of one is not enough for drawing conclusions, but I will share my experiences anyway.
After finishing graduate school, I was hired by LMN and helped start LMNts. My time is split between R&D and projects, allowing me to explore new means of design in the context of real world situations and conditions. Some of these endeavors might improve the efficiency of how we work; others might open new design potentials, and some we haven't figured out what to do with yet. In a way, the task is to assemble a cabinet of curiosities. Historically, these cabinets were collections of specimens gathered by explorers and they often served as a means for finding relationships between disparate objects. That speculation can be important in helping to develop a stronger intuition by broadening one's set of experiences through exposure to novel situations and pairings. The work I'm involved with serves a similar purpose. We collect strange tools and processes, and then share these discoveries with others in the firm.
Past generations of architectural designers were introduced to CAD as the digital substitute to putting ink on multiple layers of Mylar, so their use of the computer tended to be limited to the media and its constraints. Our goal is to get designers to see how new tools can improve how things are done, and also to demonstrate completely new abilities that designers didn't have access to before. The problems designers grapple with are increasingly more complex and trying to squeeze every last drop of efficiency out of old solutions won't always be enough. We strive to look at these problems in new ways with the hope that alternative perspectives will help reveal new potentials. Does analyzing a problem using evolutionary principles lead to different solutions than the typical best of three?
A lecture I constantly think about from my undergraduate days was on sensation and perception where the professor began with a discussion about our five senses and how each sense represented a window through which we could look out onto the world around us. The trouble was, he said, that we were stuck sitting in the middle of that circular room which contained only those five windows. Were the windows big enough to see everything around us or were there large gaps in what we were seeing? I tend to imagine that LMNts' cabinet of curiosities serves the purpose of reshaping or increasing the number of windows in that room of senses. In the digital realm, we can isolate a given window, play with the qualities of the perspective it offers and then reinsert it into our overall way of looking out onto the world of design. We also have the possibility of creating or adopting entirely new perspectives. Our cabinet has the potential for unlimited expansion. Over time we've adopted tools that have been created by others or created our own tools, and with each addition we gain yet another way of looking at a problem.
New and fresh perspectives are great but it can't stop there. With each new perspective comes the need to understand what exactly you're looking at. This is where I believe iterations become essential to the process of design and development of good intuition. The goal isn't to just generate hundreds of iterations for the sake of showing how fast we can fill a hard drive, instead, the goal is to establish a process which contains a feedback loop where each iteration is judged against an evolving set of criteria.
My first experience with photography was using a digital camera. Before I ever took a class, I learned how to use the camera by switching it to Manual Mode and then incrementally adjusting the aperture or the shutter while trying different compositions until I got the image I was looking for. Along the way I filled the memory card with my mistakes. The beauty of that process was that I could learn from my mistakes immediately and either delete them to save memory or keep them because something unexpected had happened which proved to be inspirational. I developed a deep interest in this iterative process of setting the controls, seeing what happened, and adjusting as necessary.
Photography is still a hobby of mine and that iterative process of learning has stuck with me as I've entered the field of architecture. In the realm of architectural design, the photographic subject becomes the building type and context, and the design process serves as the architect's camera. With a camera, you can switch lenses, add filters and change settings. In architecture, the equivalents become the tools, the consultant relationships, and the parameters we set within the design process. The task becomes capturing the best exposure and composition of the subject or designing the best building. If intuition is based on past experiences, then it would seem that the more experience of looking at a problem, the better.
For me, the static modeling process of tools like SketchUp or Rhino is akin to taking photographs with film. Effort is poured into creating a single exposure or iteration and then the model is assessed. There are points in that process where changes can be made but the scope of change is generally small and can require a significant amount of effort. This type of modeling is still capable of generating beautiful and well thought out designs but the feedback loop is relatively long, making it difficult to quickly develop a comprehensive understanding of a new problem.
My experience with parametric modeling is more aligned with my use of a digital camera, where a greater number of iterations through the feedback loop can be experienced in a relatively short period of time. What I enjoy about working in this way is the ability to adjust the model in real time and see how the relationships between parameters are affected. Complexity tends to be more manageable because of our ability to see the rippling effects of a change. If a designer is working on a solution to provide sufficient daylight, he must also consider the implications of visual and thermal comfort, aesthetics, thermal performance of mechanical systems, coordination with structure, and cost effectiveness. Few problems are influenced by only one dimension, so it is critical that designers have tools that enable them to explore the interaction between both objective and subjective variables of design.
While in graduate school I focused a fair bit of my time on learning simulation analysis and parametric modeling. The parametric modeling makes it possible to explore a vast number of iterations while the simulation tools offer an additional way of judging those iterations. With those possibilities, consciously designing the design process becomes as important as designing the actual building.
The experimental design process isn't new. Antoni Gaudi's design process used hanging chain models to shape the structure based upon the path of forces. Frei Otto used soap film to simulate tensile structures. What has changed is that architects are increasingly able to do the same simulations using computers and instead of running a few options, they can run hundreds. If you can now run hundreds, then what is important to study? What should change? What remains constant? The answers to these questions will vary from one problem to the next and likewise the design process will also need to vary. As Dan mentioned in his post , experimental design is a crucial aspect of addressing goals of sustainability. There is a new generation of designers who are beginning to engage this challenging problem and the tools they have access to are capable of providing useful insight. But do they have the experience to know the right questions?
As part of that generation, I feel comfortable saying that we don't know all the right questions. While there are certain types of experience gathering that can be accelerated—for instance, a basic understanding of daylighting—there are also experiences that must be gained through the construction of buildings, assessment of their performance, and relationships with collaborators. The acquisition of digital skills can take years, and school is a great environment for this experimentation and skill acquisition. The digital generation is now bringing these skills to the workplace and, in collaboration with the pre-digital generation, tailoring them to the design problems of the new millennium. And in so doing we get to teach old dogs new tricks through what has become known as reverse mentoring.
While the pre-digitals should not be expected to know how to operate the newest tools, it is critical that they understand what the new tools are capable of and engage with the younger generation by asking questions, proposing applications, and helping define new design processes that integrate these computational tools. I mostly taught myself how to use parametric modeling software and what I couldn't figure out, I learned virtually through tutorials, looking at others' files, and browsing discussion forums. But skill acquisition is only part of the challenge because once you have the skills you have to figure out what to do with them. I was fortunate to have professors who, even though they might have lacked knowledge about how to use the software, were still willing to discuss possible applications. Not everyone was always this open and at times it seemed that the usefulness of the tool was denied due to ignorance of the possibilities.
Fortunately, LMN leadership sees the benefit in exploring new technologies and is directly engaged with our exploration of the new tools. George doesn't know how to model parametrically, but he is interested in how these tools will change practice and, I'll admit, he comes up with some interesting applications. In the future, I imagine I'll be in a similar position where I don't know how to use all the tools of the next generation, but I'm excited about trying to discover their potential. I look forward to that day, but hopefully it doesn't happen too quickly.
Scott Crawford is a design technologist and architect at LMN Architects and a founding member of LMNts.
This post is the 3rd in a series on the Seattle architecture firm's response to the changing landscape of Design Computing. For the background story, see George Shaw's Re-Upping on Design Technology, and Dan Belcher's Field Notes: Confessions of a Design Technology Evangelical.


A new yeast species discovered by University of the Sciences researcher Matthew J. Farber, PhD, promises to brew sour beer in half the time of the usual fermentation process. Named GY7B, the novel, lactic-acid producing yeast is capable of fermenting a pleasant, aromatic sour beer and eliminates a secondary fermentation process using bacteria that is normally required for production.
In normal sour beer production, two steps are required to achieve its flavor. The first being a fermentation process by traditional brewer's yeast, followed by the introduction of bacteria that ferments remaining sugars into lactic acid. The production time can be four-to-six weeks or longer. The GY7B yeast species delivers highly attenuated (~95%) fermentation which yields beers with bright lactic acidity balanced by a slight sweetness from glycerol produced during fermentation. The tartness of the beer is perfectly balanced with a pleasant bouquet of apple esters with no discernible off-flavors.
A Surprise in the Yeast: A brewing program in Philadelphia has come across a wild yeast that not only flocculates clear but also naturally produces lactic acid. Is GY7B the next big thing for sour beer? Beer and Brewing Magazine's John Holl reported on the finding and came to campus to taste the beer and interview Dr. Farber.
The wild yeast was locally isolated on a tree near campus in West Philadelphia as an outcome of student research in Dr. Farber's lab. Once cultured, GY7B went through production trials in the USciences pilot brewery and is the basis of ongoing research. The resulting analysis indicated the quite rare trait of heterolactic acid fermentation by yeast, something classically described in bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Pediococcus.
While sour beer is not widely found on shelves, Dr. Farber attributes that to the long fermentation time and the complexity and risks associated with its production. Both of which are addressed with this yeast species.
"Our ultimate goal is to provide GY7B to a commercial yeast supplier who would in turn get it into the hands of more brewers," said Dr. Farber. The application of the GY7B yeast for sour beer production is protected by provisional patent that was filed with the assistance of Domingos Silva, PhD, JD, of Saul Ewing Arnstein & Lehr, LLP.


For students in 2018, college is an entirely different beast from what it was in years past. A laptop is no longer a helpful accessory but is now a tool that will be essential to complete basic assignments and projects. Of course, as any tech guru will tell you, different laptops are made to perform different functions. If you're a student looking to purchase a new laptop to complete your coursework, then start your research with this list of top-performing laptops for college students.
Ultrabooks are in high-demand right now, but will often run you upwards of $1000 for something reliable. The Asus Zenbook UX305, however, is a solid option that won't break the bank. This model boasts an HD screen, a respectable 8 GB of RAM and 512 GB of storage. This means that whether you're looking to study late into the night or play a couple games during an early-morning lecture, the Asus Zenbook is a versatile option. Toss in a light, thin frame to make for easy class-to-class transport, and this laptop is a steal at only $635.
If your major relates at all to the digital arts, then you need to seriously consider trying out the Apple MacBook Pro 13-inch. Weighing only 3 pounds, this model features stunning Intel Iris Graphics, 10 hours of battery life and a 6th Generation Core i5 CPU to let you run programs like Photoshop and Final Cut without worrying about losing your work to a nasty crash. All these features mean that this laptop is decidedly high-end, which is why the price point is set at $1299.
You might be, like many college students, working with a tight budget. Just because your pockets aren't endless, however, doesn't mean you have to settle for a sub-par laptop. The Asus F556UA-AB32 comes with a 15.6-inch screen and offers beautiful HD graphics, which will make a world of difference if you're taking a virtual class and need to see what your professor or classmates are doing on a video call. With an Intel Core i3 processor to top it all off, this laptop may not play the latest games, but it'll work with you through late-night projects for only $390.
If you're after a top-of-the-line 2-in-1 laptop, then look no further than the Samsung Notebook 7 Spin. With a 365-degree hinge, this laptop doubles as a touchscreen tablet, which makes it ideal for taking detailed notes with a keyboard or hand-drawing diagrams in class. You can choose between a 13.3-inch and 15.6-inch screen, although the larger screen does come with a substantially stronger processor. With Ethernet capability, HDMI and multiple USB ports, the Spin is perfect for hooking up with any other mediums and comes in at a reasonable $630.
This laptop is ideal if you're a law student or in a major that requires you to get lots of hands-on experience. The SP4 comes with Microsoft's Surface Pen to jot down quick notes in a busy environment, and its flexible keyboard means you'll always be ready when you need to sit down and write out a lengthy report. As an added bonus, a well-illuminated 12.3-inch display makes this laptop ideal for office presentations. The SP4 is priced at $647, but you can typically get 10% at the Microsoft store with an active .edu email address.
If you're an incoming freshman looking for something to last you the next 4 years, and possibly into grad school, then you've found it. A 6th Generation Intel Core i5 processor combined with 8 GB of Ram and 256 GB of memory means that you'll be able to run any demanding, specialized programs you may need for class. The cherry on top? A 12-hour battery life to last you from your 8 AM lecture to when you get back from your 7 PM lab, with an affordable $550 price tag.
Whether you're a game design student or just an avid collegiate gamer, this laptop offers the perfect balance between office and recreational capabilities. The Intel Quad Core 3.8 GHz i7 Processor is to die for, and with 8 GB of SDRAM and a whopping 1 TB HDD, you'll be hard pressed to find a video game or design software that this bad boy can't run. The 15.6-inch display means you won't miss a single pixel of your favorite games, but all these cutting-edge features do mean that the Inspiron will cost about $900. Still, for game-creators and collegiate gamers, you'll be hard-pressed to find a better alternative.


After the lab Jamie joined John Underkoffler at Oblong working on Gestural Interfaces before starting the art, design, and technology studio — Zigelbaum + Coelho — in 2010 with alumni Marcelo Coelho. Then, in 2012, Jamie moved to New York City to start his own art practice (Jamie Zigelbaum Studio) and consultancy (Midnight Commercial). Currently, Jamie splits his time between making art and leading his growing 20 person company where they invent next-generation experiences for the digital-physical frontier.
The lab exposed me to so many ideas and minds at the forefront of global innovation. My career philosophy has always been to just go where the most interesting things are happening and let the rest sort it out, after the lab that was Oblong Industries where I could learn from the group of media lab alumni working there.
Learn as much as you can, mostly from other students. I've never seen or even heard legend of a place better for learning than the lab. Take advantage of it and try not to stress about "big" things like "success." Just be in love with knowledge and do everything.


This probably be the first important question. Before they hire you, they would like to see what interests you most about their company and why. It is based on this answer that they can match up your personality to the skills required for the job.


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You are here: Home > Teaching > Course unit catalogue > Petrography 2021/2022
00799 - Petrography
Teacher Roberto Braga
Learning modules Roberto Braga (Modulo 1)
Roberto Braga (Modulo 2)
SSD GEO/07
Degree Programme First cycle degree programme (L) in Natural Sciences (cod. 8016)
Also valid for First cycle degree programme (L) in Geological Sciences (cod. 8015)
Course Timetable from Mar 01, 2022 to Jun 01, 2022
Students will learn the basic tools to describe and classify igneous and metamorphic rocks, and understand the petrogenetic processes and their geologic significance. Students will acquire the know-how to classify in the field (= outcrop scale) and in the lab (hand sample) igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Igneous rocks - The magma: physical and chemical features. Upwelling and solidification of magmas: intrusive vs. volcanic settings. Origin of mantle magmas. Igneous differentiation: fractional crystallization, gravitative setting and cumulus rocks, assimilation, mixing and mingling of different melts. Bowen's reaction series. Anatectic magmas and origin of granites. Mineralogical and chemical features of igneous rocks. Classification of igneous rocks. Magmatic series and their relation to different geodynamic settings.
Metamorphic rocks - Definition and its drivers: pressure, temperature, deformation and fluids. Meso/microstructures and their classification. How to classify a metamorphic rock. Netamorphic reactions and the record they left into the rocks. Metamorphic grade and facies. Metamorphic facies series. Geotherm and Pressure-Temperature-time paths. Regional metamorphism (subduction, orogenic and sea floor) and contact metamorphism. Analysis and interpretation of mineral assemblages in metabasites and metapelites.
Lab activities - Classification of hand-sized samples of igneous, and metamorphic rocks.
Field Trip - A single-day excursion with practical exercises of classification of igneous and metamorphic rocks
Klein C., Philpotts A. (2018) Mineralogia e Petrografia (1a ed. italiana), Bologna, Zanichelli. Pagine: 544. ISBN: 978880832060
which is the Italian translation of
Klein, C., & Philpotts, A. (2012). Earth Materials: Introduction to Mineralogy and Petrology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139028028
Class lectures augmented by
Petrography Lab
Field Excursion
The teaching methods of this course require that all students must attend the Module 1 and 2 of the Online courses on Health and Safety in Study and Research Areas - Module 1 and 2, while the Module 3 on health and safety is to be attended in class.
Information about Module 3 attendance and schedule is available on the website of your degree programme.
(the information below may change according to the SARS-COV-2 pandemic evolution)
The assessment of the learning goals consists of an oral exam in which we will test
skills in the recognition of minerals and structures and classification of rocks and
knowledge of the main topics covered in class.
As for point (1), the student must be able to:
know and understand the basic terms (= basic knowledge) to describe a rock at the different observation scales,
apply basic knowledge to the proposed images,
logically organize the information the student will be able to obtain from the analysis of the rock samples,
critically evaluate what has been observed, highlighting the limits of observation and how one could overcome these limits.
A practical example:
I observe an image of a phaneritic rock with a low color index (<40) and in which I certainly recognize quartz. The structure is hypidiomorphic granular. It could be a tonalite, a granodiorite, a monzogranite, a sienogranite or an alkali-feldspar granite.
The correct classification is based on the evaluation of the alkalifeldspar / plagioclase modal ratio and, secondly, on the type of femic minerals.
The possible answers are (listed in order of increasing critical approach, which is proportional to the vote ...)
1. it is a granitoid,
2. it can be a tonalite or a granodiorite (or, for example, a granite or a granodiorite, or a sienogranite or an alkalifeldspar granite)
3. it can be a tonalite or a granodiorite (or one of the other two pairs of lithotypes of the previous point); to improve the classification, I would try to estimate the orthoclase vs plagioclase modal abundances. To do this, I would observe on the hand sample how many minerals reflect light on their cleavage planes (orthoclase) compared to those that do not have this property because they have a less developed cleavage (plagioclase). Also, I would try to better understand the type of femic mineral because tonalites often have amphibole while granites are more likely to have biotite as the main femic.
All the answers are correct but the answer (3) shows a greater petrographic competence.
As for point (2), ("knowledge of the main topics covered in class") the main evaluation criteria are:
Terminological accuracy and correct use of the specialized lexicon;
Ability to use the basic petrographic knowledge during the argumentation;
Focusing on the question = don't go off topic
Logical sequence in reasoning;
Ability to take a critical position regarding one's own arguments and those of others;
Creativity to solve interpretation issues.
Video Projectors supporting Power Point presentations
Devices for remote teaching
Hand-sized samples
Thin sections
Polarizing Optical Microscopes
Mineral and rock collections of the Museo di Mineralogia Luigi Bombicci
See the website of Roberto Braga

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This week, campers will celebrate ancient cultures of the world with a mural, a treasure, hunt and water games!
Each day at a Swallowtail camp includes plenty of time outdoors, both with structured activities and free play. Please ensure your child dresses appropriately for the weather.
Bring a healthy lunch (no sweets/NO NUTS), snack, sunscreen, and sun hat or rain gear, if forecasted.


What do you look at? REQUIRED (Select One) Prayers Rosary Videos Other Links Please fill out this field.
Have you every used the online donation to Mother Teresa Conference? REQUIRED Yes No Please fill out this field.
Do you have any comments about the website?
Is their anything else you would like to see?
Parish was founded under Bishop Alexander Carter on July 15, 1963 and placed in the care of the Stigmatine Fathers. The Stigmatine Fathers also established the Catholic Information Centre, which was closed and sold for the use as a Teen Centre in 2001. The Centre is now under St. Vincent de Paul, Men's Shelter and Thrift Store. The first pastor of St. Joseph the Worker Church was Fr. Soracco and remained pastor until the Stigmatine Fathers left Sault Ste. Marie in 1975 the parish was then administered by the Diocesan Priests.
In 1954, Father E. Jastalski, traveled from Sudbury once a month to celebrate masses at St. Veronica's Parish for the Polish people. Under the substantial leadership of Fr. S. Robert, a concentration camp survivor, St. Andrew Bobola Church, a centre of the ethnic Polish community was finally built in 1960. It was named after the 17th century Polish Jesuit martyr (1591-1657). Fr. Robert continued to serve as pastor until his death in 1972. For over 30 years, the parish also sponsored a Polish school which encouraged the Polish language, culture and dancing.
On January 1, 2011, the parishes of St. Andrew Bobola and St. Joseph the Worker amalgamated on the site of St. Andrew Bobola Church and became a new parish called Holy Family. Masses are offered in English and in Polish. Fr. Boguslaw Jarszek is our first pastor of Holy Family Parish.


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Q: cordova install on ubuntu 14 doesn't seem to be working I'm following the instructions found here to install cordova on ubuntu:
http://cordova.apache.org/docs/en/4.0.0//guide_cli_index.md.html#The%20Command-Line%20Interface
So far, I've run the following commands:
sudo apt-get install node
sudo apt-get install npm

Both commands worked fine.
Then i Ran this command to install cordova:
dev1@test:/$ sudo npm install -g cordova
/usr/local/bin/cordova -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/cordova/bin/cordova
cordova@4.3.0 /usr/local/lib/node_modules/cordova
├── underscore@1.7.0
├── q@1.0.1
├── nopt@3.0.1 (abbrev@1.0.5)
└── cordova-lib@4.3.0 (valid-identifier@0.0.1, osenv@0.1.0, properties-parser@0.2.3, bplist-parser@0.0.6, mime@1.2.11, semver@2.0.11, unorm@1.3.3, shelljs@0.3.0, rc@0.5.2, dep-graph@1.1.0, npmconf@0.1.16, through2@0.6.3, xcode@0.6.7, elementtree@0.1.5, d8@0.4.4, init-package-json@1.4.1, request@2.47.0, glob@4.0.6, tar@1.0.2, plist@1.1.0, cordova-js@3.8.0, npm@1.3.4)

And now, as per the docs, to test cordova I trying the following but nothing seems to be created:
dev1@test:/$ cd ~/Documents/
dev1@test:~/Documents$ mkdir dev_source
dev1@test:~/Documents$ cd dev_source/
dev1@test:~/Documents/dev_source$ cordova create hello com.example.hello HelloWorld
dev1@test:~/Documents/dev_source$ cordova create hello com.example.hello HelloWorld -d
dev1@test:~/Documents/dev_source$ ls
dev1@test:~/Documents/dev_source$ ls -lah
total 8.0K
drwxrwxr-x  2 dev1 dev1 4.0K Apr 17 11:18 .
drwxr-xr-x 68 dev1 dev1 4.0K Apr 17 11:18 ..

As you can see, there is no hello folder that is automatcially created for me. I don't get any error messages either.
In case, I went a little further and added a platform, but that didn't work either:
dev1@test:~/Documents/dev_source$ cordova platform add android
dev1@test:~/Documents/dev_source$ cordova platform ls
dev1@test:~/Documents/dev_source$
Any suggestions?

A: I had the same issue as you, I found the following after digging in the README file. Executing the following seems to get create to work. I'm yet to try the other commands!
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:cordova-ubuntu/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cordova-cli
npm install -g cordova
sudo apt-get install cmake debhelper libx11-dev libicu-dev pkg-config qtbase5-dev qtchooser qtdeclarative5-dev qtfeedback5-dev qtlocation5-dev qtmultimedia5-dev qtpim5-dev qtsensors5-dev qtsystems5-dev

A: I had the same issue, and I think it's about duplicate name of node package that I already installed using apt-get,
then I removed it and now cordova works
sudo apt-get remove node


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Samsung to launch Galaxy Tab S2 9.7 and 8.0 in August
Samsung has officially announced the launch of Galaxy Tab S2 that will be available in global markets, starting from August, 2015. The Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 will come in a variety of connectivity, storage and size options: 9.7-inch and 8.0-inch versions with Wi-Fi, or Wi-Fi with LTE, available in 32 or 64GB with MicroSD up to 128GB.
"The Galaxy Tab S2 is not only our thinnest and lightest tablet of its size ever, it also gives users quick, easy access to a wealth of superior viewing and productivity features," said JK Shin, CEO and President of IT & Mobile Division at Samsung Electronics. "We believe the Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 is the most complete personal visual device designed for consumers to carry and use anywhere."
Here are the Galaxy Tab S2 9.7-inch product specifications
Galaxy Tab S2 8.0-inch Product Specifications
Galaxy Tab S2 is designed for reading and consuming content due to its Super AMOLED Display also makes it comfortable to read digital content, including e-books, magazines, webpages and news feeds.
In addition, the tablet offers Multi-tasking, allowing users to view and run two apps simultaneously. Also with pop-up window, users can easily navigate between multiple apps at once. The Galaxy Tab S2 also provides an improved storage structure that makes locating files simpler than ever.
It is built with a touch-enabled Fingerprint Scanner, a built-in advanced security sensor which offers easy access to the personal device with a simple press against the home key. Also, it features Smart Manager which displays settings automatically, including battery power levels, storage and RAM availability for users to efficiently manage their devices. The tablet is also pre-installed with anti-malware for an extra layer of protection.
Tags: Galaxy Tab S2 8.0Galaxy Tab S2 9.7Samsung
Opportunities, Challenges and Scope of Clean Energy in India
Online Furniture Retailer Made.com Raises $60M to Accelerate European Expansion
3 Ways to Block Out Clutter and Focus on What's Important
5 Ways to Increase Your Creativity
How to Create an Abundance Mentality
13 Things You Should Give Up If You Want To Be Successful
A Guide to Paying Influencers on Social Media
What Startups Need to Know About Multi-Factor Authentication
What Does your Company Lose Without Time Tracking Software?
Easy to Startup – But How to Stay Up?


At FlexiMap, we currently offer three packages for signal processing and analysis of gastrointestinal electrical activity. The techniques employed by each package were designed specifically to ensure maximum accuracy and efficiency for our end-users.
Please also contact us if you need customized solution to your signal processing problem.
GEMS is a software package for the analysis of high-resolution gastrointestinal electrical recordings (see publication).
Our online identification package is a 'lite' version of the GEMS software with the ability to automatically detect gastrointestinal electrical activity as it is being recorded, in near real-time feedback to the end-users.
Our EGG analysis package is an add-on package to automatically process EGG recordings.


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Ugra Mohan Jha
New Delhi, Delhi, India / India Standard Time
This project has proven to be a great opportunity for me to learn and collaborate with a multi-cultural, global team of experts, from diverse sectors. When my senior and friend, Mr. Piyush Kumar (Team Co-Leader and Co-Author SDG12) contacted me for this opportunity, I confirmed immediately that I would join this project.
This has been an exciting journey and learning experience for me. While working in government, I continually provide information with respect to my country's progress on the SDGs and their targets. However, I couldn't believe that someday, I myself would directly work on an SDG!
I am a firm believer in a sincere and human approach by businesses for sustainable development. And I know that community participation and stakeholder consultation is a guiding principle for achieving success in the SDGs. In my professional career, I have been involved in several community participation and stakeholder consultation processes. I leverage my sustainability knowledge and experience to shape high quality resource materials for this UN SDG Guidebook Corporate Series, and provide subject matter expertise input on health statistics. This enables me to bring my day-to-day work to the global stage!
I am in full alignment with the team approach to advocate for partnerships across key stakeholders at all levels on policy formulation, implementation, and monitoring through SMARTIE KPIs and corporate social responsibility, guided by ISO 26000. The international standard for social responsibility focuses companies on organizational governance and underlying social responsibility principles, including human rights, labor issues, fair operating practices, the environment, and community involvement.
The opportunity to continually to learn from my knowledgeable colleagues and esteemed global team members of this project is a priceless experience. Together, we are bringing together our expertise, and co-creating the resource material which will be guiding force for corporations around the globe on sustainable development and social impact in times to come!
Even before our books are published, we are making an impact, by sharing insights. I've had the opportunity to develop a series of articles focused on my area of passion: innovation, public health and Covid-19 pandemic. I hope you'll enjoy reading my articles and look forward to seeing your comments!
Dr. Ugra Mohan Jha is a Team Co-Leader and Co-Author for SDG3, as well as a Researcher for SDGs 1 and 2 with the SHERPA Institute UN SDG Corporate Guidebook Series. He is a Senior Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) and Research professional with over 16 years of professional experience in public health monitoring and research. Ugra is a Senior Statistician, Demographer and expert in Development, with high quality research and analytical skills and the ability to think outside the box.
He is currently working in the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India as a Senior Consultant. While working in the ministry of health, he has extensively collaborated with global and UN organizations including WHO, UNICEF, UNAIDS, CDC, FHI, JSI and Population Council. Early in the pandemic, Ugra was tapped to support India's COVID-19 National Nodal Officer with the data support team. Dr. Jha also has published more than 11 research articles in national and international peer reviewed journals.
Dr. Jha is a passionate sustainability leader with deep research acumen. He has led several sustainability related initiatives while working in the Ministry; and Ugra introduced strategic thinking in the department in the use of information systems. Some of these include design and development of national MIS system with automation of recording and reporting system at National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) in India and at the Statistics Division of the Ministry. He was also involved in the National HIV Estimation & Projection and Modelling in India and worked alongside global HIV modelling experts. Ugra successfully organized the ISO 9001:2008 certification of NACP in India.
Ugra earned his Doctorate in Extension and Development Studies from Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), a Master of Population Studies from International Institute for Population Sciences, a Master of Science in Statistics from University of Delhi, and a Bachelor of Science in Statistics from Ranchi University, India. He loves music, yoga, watching laughter shows, reading or listening to ancient India spiritual books such as the Veda, the Ramayana and the Bhagawad Gita.
SDG 3 (Team Co-Leader)
SDG 3 (Co-Author)
Impact of COVID-19 on SDG3 Progress Series Part 1
Dr. Ugra Mohan Jha Senior M&E and Research professional, Senior Consultant, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India Team Co-Leader and Co-Author for SDG3 and Researcher for SDG1 & SDG2 at SHERPA Institute's UN SDG Corporate Guidebook Series. The… Continue reading Impact of COVID-19 on SDG3 Progress Series Part 1


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Q: Changing one value of row to column I am working on a Power BI report. There are two dimensions DimWorkedClass and DimWorkedService. (The above snippet is obtained by exporting matrix values to csv.)
The requirement is to transform only the Worked Service Text5 into the Worked Class of Text5 as opposed to A (which is the current value).
It can be transformed at the backend, but is there any way to do it in Power BI?

A: This is trickier than it might appear, but it looks like this question has already been answered here:
Power Query Transform a Column based on Another Column
In your case, the M code would look something like this:
= Table.FromRecords(Table.TransformRows(#"[Source or Previous Step Here]",
      (here) => Record.TransformFields(here, {"Worked Class",
          each if here[Worked Service] = "text5" then "text5" else here[Worked Class]})))

(In the above, here represents the current row.)
Another answer points out a slightly cleaner way of doing this:
= Table.ReplaceValue(#"[Source or Previous Step Here]",
      each [Worked Class],
      each if [Worked Service] = "text5" then "text5" else [Worked Class],
      Replacer.ReplaceText,{"Worked Class"})


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The Girl on the Liar's Throne
by Den Patrick
Mixing Machiavellian intrigue and the high fantasy of authors like Scott Lynch and Robin Hobb, Den Patrick's fantasy novels, with their Renaissance Italy like setting have brought an enticing new flavour to the fantasy genre. In a castle that is, itself, reminiscent of Gormenghast in its size and brooding presence a collection of young, flawed but resilient outsiders find their way in a dangerous society teetering on the brink of dramatic change, even as it learns the fantastical secrets of its past.
Anea is the Silent Queen and she is struggling to bring change to the ancient society of Landfall. Vested interests and dark magics alike are determined to hold onto power and in a society where the loyalties of many are fluid and the true nature of the players is hidden the game of politics can be a lethal one even for those close to the throne.
Den Patrick has won an enthusiastic audience for this series and has rapidly become a key figure amongst a new generation of fantasy writers bringing a fresh engagement to the genre world both on the page and within the fan community.
The Boy Who Wept Blood was a very enjoyable, character-driven fantasy with intriguing mystery and cracking action. If you are a fan of Scott Lynch, or just fantasy in general, then you should check this book out!
Smash Dragons
With this novel, Patrick firmly establishes his well-deserved place as part of new breed of UK based fantasy authors. If he keeps on producing output like this it won't be long before reviewers will be using terms like 'unmissable' and 'classic' to describe his work.
The Eloquent Page
Those who enjoyed "The Boy with the Porcelain Blade" will enjoy "The Boy Who Wept Blood" as well. It is all that a sequel should be - it is bigger, bolder and cleverer....Readers who like their fantasy intelligent and historical shouldn't miss this one. You'll have a blast.
Upcoming 4 Me
Stylistically the book is well-balanced between lush sensory descriptions of place and person (the details of clothing are particularly well-tailored) and taut, economic writing in the action sequences. The dialogue is crisp and acerbic and the characterization displays much nicely textured writing...This book has style!
British Fantasy Society
fast-paced, bloody and darkly satisfying... roll on 2016 and Book 3, The Girl on the Liar's Throne. I'm now well and truly hooked.
The Book Bag
Den Patrick continues to impress with his compelling world building and addictive prose...This makes for some compelling reading, and the author's gentle yet sardonic style makes the novel all the more delicious.
Starburst Magazine
I was most impressed by the book's gothic-ness, its secure world-building and deft characterisation - The Boy Who Wept Blood is an exciting page turner that didn't disappoint.
SFF World
the horror fantasy that sits beneath the surface continues to fester, providing plot twists and shocks
Sci-Fi Now
I might be emotionally ruined, but damn it, I'm still hooked...I just found one of my favourite fantasy books of 2015.
Ovrer the Effing Rainbow
The Erebus Sequence


text:
/*
 * The constants defined in this CSS file can be used by any other
 * CSS file in Collide by including it in the @Source annotation
 * on the CssResource declaration inside of a ClientBundle.
 *
 * These could theoretically go in base.css, but the problem is
 * the other (non-constant) classes in base.css would then
 * potentially conflict with classes defined in the CSS files
 * that want to use the constants.
 */

/* Colors */
@def collideRed #DD4B39;
@def collideBlack #222;
@def collideGreen #060;
@def collideGreenBackground #e9f3e3;
@def collideGreenBorder #afd0aa;
@def collideBlueBorder #4e90fe;
@def linkColor #1155cc;
@def dividerColor #ebebeb;
@def dividerColorDark #c0c0c0;
@def hoverBackgroundColor #eee;
@def lightTextColor #999;
@def lightestTextColor #BCBCBC;
@def lightGreyBackground #F1F1F1;
@def barBackgroundColor #f5f5f5;
/* Indicates a completed action. Preferred text color is lightTextColor. */
@def completedBackgroundColor #f9edbe;
/* Background color for an item selected with the keyboard */
@def keyboardSelectionBackgroundColor #E0E0E0;
@def anchorColor #1155CC;

/* Sizes */
@def dividerThickness 1px;
@def popupPadding 24px;
@def titlePaddingBottom 16px;
@def buttonSpacing 10px;
@def labelPaddingBottom 6px;
@def examplePaddingTop 4px;
@def formButtonPaddingTop 18px;
@def sideBarHorizontalPadding 12px;
@def splitterWidth 8px;
@def splitterOverlap 4px;

/* Font Sizes */
@def fontSize 13px;
@def largeFontSize 16px;
@def productFontSize 20px;
@def landingTitleFontSize 20px;
@def titleFontSize 16px;
@def secondaryTextFontSize 11px;
@eval scrollbarSize com.google.collide.client.common.Constants.SCROLLBAR_SIZE+"px";
@def largeLabel 14px;
@def largeDropdownLabel 12px;

/* Fonts */
@def alternativeFontFamily "open sans", arial, sans-serif;
@def fileTreeFontFamily "Lucida Grande", Verdana, Arial;

/* Buttons */
@def buttonBorderRadius 2px;
@def buttonFontSize 11px;
@def buttonFontWeight bold;
@def buttonHeight 27px;

/* zIndex */
@def popupZIndex 20000;
@eval dropdownZIndex com.google.collide.client.ui.dropdown.DropdownController.DROPDOWN_ZINDEX;
@def statusMessageZIndex 20010;
@def contextMenuZIndex 20020;
@def tooltipZIndex 20030;
@def contactsCompleterZIndex 20040;

/* Opacity */
@def temporarilyDisabledOpacity 0.5;

/* Other Styles */
@def dropdownShadow 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
@def awesomeBarHeight 27px;

/* Duration */
@eval alertTransitionDuration com.google.collide.client.util.AnimationUtils.ALERT_TRANSITION_DURATION+"s";
@eval longTransitionDuration com.google.collide.client.util.AnimationUtils.LONG_TRANSITION_DURATION+"s";
@eval mediumTransitionDuration com.google.collide.client.util.AnimationUtils.MEDIUM_TRANSITION_DURATION+"s";
@eval shortTransitionDuration com.google.collide.client.util.AnimationUtils.SHORT_TRANSITION_DURATION+"s";

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


In San Francisco itself, you do have some great public defenders. I've seen some great attorneys come through that system, and a lot of them become judges and they're good judges. But, the public defender does not have the resources and is not allowed to defend someone at a DMV hearing.
The whole license issue with DMV is not going to be dealt with, and that alone is reason why you do not want to get a public defender on a DUI case if you can afford a private attorney. The public defenders are supposed to advise their clients, like private attorneys do, on the local systems.
As I said, there are great public defenders in San Francisco and some other counties, but one of the problems with the public defenders offices is that they're run by people in political positions who depend on the county or the courts for funding. What happens is they worry about angering the courts and if they do, they can lose positions, meaning attorneys, and staff. If they make too many waves, especially in this economy, that's a concern.
So, I believe that in San Francisco the public defender's office is not pressing as hard as they could, not allotting enough time on their cases which could force the DA's office to give better deals on cases. They're not putting time in because I think they're worried that they will anger the court and lose funding. That's my own theory. I've talked to a number of people about that who would agree with that, and it's too bad. And that's not how defensive cases should operate.
When I began practicing criminal defense and DUI defense over 20 years ago, this was not an issue. This was not a problem. Now it is. When decisions are being made and the rights of clients are being jeopardized and taken away based on budget issues and courts, that's just wrong. And it's just one of many consequences of the economy that we have been dealing with for the last number of years. So, as the economy goes, it seems, so goes the justice system.
For more information on Court Appointed Public Defenders, a free initial consultation is your next best step. Get the information and legal answers you are seeking by calling (415) 523-7878 today.


ISO 27001 is the International Standard for Information Security Management Systems (ISMS). ISO 27001 certification is essential for protecting your most vital assets.
HELPS YOU WITHWHAT IS ISO 27001WILL ISO 27001 CERTIFICATION WITH QSI HELP YOU WITH GDPRHOW CAN QSI HELP YOU ACHIEVE ISO 27001PAST CLIENTSWANT TO KNOW MORE?
The ISO 27001:2013 (formally known as ISO/IEC 27001:2005) standard provides a framework for an Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) that enables the continued accessibility, confidentiality and integrity of information as well as legal compliance. ISO 27001 certification is essential for protecting your most vital assets.
The European General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR) is a new regulation which will be enforced from 25 May 2018. It deals with privacy of personal information of data subjects. All organisations will be accountable with their dealing of personal information with GDPR rolling in.
ISO 27001 is a good indicator to your customers and clients that you are conscious of processing data safely and securely. ISO 27001 and GDPR have some similar features which go hand in hand.
Initial consultation: We will visit your Organisation and determine with you how best to progress your plan for ISO 27001 implementation. Following this visit, we will issue a quotation and timescale to achieve certification.
Implementation: We will work with your organisation and your Staff to achieve the benefits of a Security management programme. Whether you simply need a Gap Analysis on your current system, Internal audits, Management review or a full implementation programme, we will do this in a way that you and your Team are fully engaged in the process. Our aim is to make this a practical, value added and beneficial process that will make your organisation more effective.


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Week in politics: Biden promises gun control; House to obtain Trump's tax returns
President Biden is promising to do whatever he can on gun control before Republicans take control of the House in January.
PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN: The idea we still allow semi-automatic weapons to be purchased is sick, just sick. It has no, no social redeeming value. Zero. None.
SIMON: President spoke Thanksgiving morning on a week that has been shadowed by more mass shootings. NPR senior political editor Domenico Montanaro joins us. Domenico, thanks so much for being with us.
DOMENICO MONTANARO, BYLINE: It's great to be with you, Scott.
SIMON: Three mass shootings in just 10 days. President Biden was blunt. But what does he have the votes to do about guns before Republicans take over the House?
MONTANARO: Well, there really aren't the votes to get a ban on weapons that can get off a lot of shots in a short amount of time passed. There was a ban in place for a decade, as we know. And Biden has been voicing support for one even when people thought it wouldn't - would be politically unpopular to do so. The Democratic-led House passed a ban in July, but it didn't have enough votes in the Senate. That hasn't changed.
It's interesting because the way Democrats in particular talk about this has evolved. You know, Republicans had been saying, you know, you don't want to politicize this. And Democrats, though, have become much bolder in how they talk about it. It used to be seen as a potential political problem to talk about gun legislation in the immediate aftermath of one of these events. But these events have become so common, and there's been so much more activism and money around trying to implement gun restrictions.
Our polling with PBS, NewsHour and Marist this year showed a majority support a ban on sale of automatic weapons like AK-47s or AR-15s. It's sharply divided, though, politically. You know, most Republicans don't want to see that. Nine in 10 Democrats and a majority of independents do want to see one. Democrats weren't shy about campaigning on this including President Biden. You know, Democrats kept control of the Senate. They didn't see huge losses in the House - so not quite the lightning rod that it has been. And a majority in AP's VoteCast survey of 94,000 voters found half of voters want to see nationwide gun policy made more strict while only about 3 in 10 want to keep gun laws the same.
SIMON: In other direction, looks like the House will get a hold of former President Trump's tax records now that the U.S. Supreme Court has refused to get involved in the matter. Are we about to learn why Donald Trump has been fighting this for so long?
MONTANARO: I think about to is, like, a flexible term.
SIMON: Yeah.
MONTANARO: Who knows how long it'll be until we see them. I wouldn't be surprised if we see some leaks potentially from Democrats in the next, you know, six months to a year or so on this because I would think next year when Republicans control the House, they're going to do everything they can to stop this from being released. You know, it was always commonplace for presidents to reveal their taxes every year in an effort to be transparent with people who would vote for them. But not Trump, you know? He has always wanted to obscure the amount that he's worth, what his income is, how much he pays in taxes, what kinds of loopholes he uses.
Remember, in 2016, during that campaign, he said that he - you know, it was revealed he didn't pay taxes in some years, federal taxes, and said that makes him smart, you know? And so that's just the way he views this. He's always been very private about this, his company. He doesn't - is not very open about what it does. It's privately held. So he just really never wanted to pull back the curtain and let people in. So that's just kind of the way it's been for him. And it'd be interesting to see if we do get more information on this especially as he's running for president again in 2024.
SIMON: And finally, a number of news outlets - New York Times, CNN, Axios - report that Donald Trump dined with Nick Fuentes, a white nationalist and Holocaust denier. I don't know. What do we make of that?
MONTANARO: Well, you know, I mean, this is the kind of thing that - you know, Trump, for so long, has just been somebody who, you know, has kind of flirted with white nationalists. He's called himself a nationalist. You know, there was the - obviously what he said about Charlottesville with good people on both sides and is one of the reasons why President Biden said that he was running against Trump in the first place, was because of this cultural divide that Trump has really stoked. And he was set to have dinner with Kanye West...
MONTANARO: ...Or yay (ph) - Ye, as he calls himself now, the rapper. And he brought these individuals with him to the dinner. But clearly, Trump wasn't that upset about it. He didn't put out any kind of statement, you know, saying that they shouldn't have been there in the first place. And this is, you know, just the kind of thing that we've heard him say, you know, publicly, that he would even pardon people from Jan. 6th.
SIMON: Domenico Montanaro, thanks so much.
MONTANARO: You're welcome. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


I typically don't post my practice sessions, but I decided to take on one of the most difficult time signatures, the 9/8. Note: This is not going to be a "how to play a song in 9/8" tutorial.
I started with a downbeat arrangement, added a few layers in the sequencer and played a custom turkish Mey reed sample, and the Live Piano RX. The RX, Real eXperience technology on my Korg PA900 is truly amazing.
As for the effects, on FX B, I used Reverb SmoothHall and Stereo BPM Delay. This particular delay effect enables the delay time to match the song tempo, which is optimal for downbeat melodies. The tempo was set to 70 BPM. In the future, I will consider applying a dynamic modulation source to the XY controller, to have more control over the note velocity when I am playing the Mey.
Last, as mentioned earlier, the track is an attempt to play with a 9/8 beat. The 8/8 time signature would be similar to a 4/4, thus resulting in 9/8 having an extra beat. This is certainly one of those challenging signatures that I often avoid and rarely attempt to play.
Hope you will enjoy this track.


This large Broste Copenhagen vase has a delicate crackle glaze with a smooth finish that catches the light beautifully. The classic design makes it a great gift, complementing the rest of the Broste collection. Perfect for displaying fresh flowers, place this at the centre of your sideboard. Handmade, and designed in Copenhagen, each item is unique and may vary slightly in size and colour.