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New York City Podcast
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Gossipnista: A New York City Podcast
If you love New York City then this is the podcast for you! The Gossipnista podcast seeks to continue enriching the lives of New Yorkers and those looking to visit or move to New York City. Join host Mariana Monks, as she asks all the questions you've ever wanted to know about the Big Apple through interviews with special and expert guest within various fields in New York City. Tune in as we pull back the curtain on the city that never sleeps and inspire you to live your best and most authen ...
Coming to New York City Podcast
Katie Smith
On the Coming to New York City Podcast, Nils and Katie Smith share what it was like to movie their family of 4 from Texas to New York City. They share why they decided to make the move, how they decided which borough to live in, how they found an apartment and everything else that goes into making a cross-country move. And now that they've lived in NYC for 5 years, they're also sharing tips and tricks they've learned along the way to make your visit or move to New York City even better. Show ...
New York Launch Pod: A Podcast Highlighting New Start-Ups, Businesses, and Openings in the New York City Area (NY Launch Pod)
Hal Coopersmith, Bull Path Media Inc. (@NYLaunchPod)
A Podcast Highlighting New Start-Ups, Businesses, and Openings in the New York City Area
The City That Never Sleeps - A New York Knicks Podcast
Josh and Tobias talk all things Knicks while New York Basketball starts to take center stage! Look forward to episodes once a week!
New Ice City: A Podcast About The New York Rangers
USA Today Network
"New Ice City" is a weekly podcast hosted by Vincent Mercogliano, New York Rangers beat reporter and NHL analyst for the USA TODAY Network. Each episode will feature Vince's insights on the latest news and rumblings surrounding the Blueshirts, as well as interviews with an array of guests from the hockey world. Download and subscribe on any platform where you find your podcasts, or by visiting lohud.com/rangers.
The Real Housewives of New York City Podcast
AfterBuzz TV
To a certain group of people in New York, status is everything…and with status comes plenty of drama to unpack on THE REAL HOUSEWIVES OF NEW YORK CITY AFTER SHOW. We'll recap all the buzz-worthy moments from the show, from the fabulous to the fights from our favorite Big Apple ladies. Tune in here for ALL the tea as we review, recap and provide in-depth discussions of the latest episodes! Who knows! You might just see some familiar cast member faces!
NYC BSA - The Board of Standards and Appeals of New York City Podcast (NYCBSA)
NYC Board of Standards and Appeals (NYC BSA)
An RSS stream of cases heard by The New York City Board of Standards and Appeals (NYC BSA), including public testimony, in an easy to download format for convenient offline listening. For the benefit and education of the public, making authoritative opinions accessible.Sponsored by www.permitsignoff.com
ReMARKable Palate: A Food blog & Podcast from New York City Personal Chef Mark Tafoya
Mark C. Tafoya
A food and culture podcast by Chef Mark Tafoya of ReMARKable Palate Personal Chef Service in New York City. We celebrate food by exploring the culinary scene of NYC and the world, speaking with chefs, purveyors, farmers, and others who are PASSIONATE about what they eat. We travel the planet in search of the unique tastes and dishes that make each place special. ReMARKable Palate is a production of the Culinary Media Network.
En yeni En eski En uzun En kısa show series
Episode 25 - Knicks Trade for Cam Reddish and Win 2 In A Row 18:06
The City That Never Sleeps is a New York Knicks podcast! In this episode, Josh talks about the trade between the Knicks and Hawks involving Cam Reddish and Kevin Knox. He also recaps the last two games of Knicks Basketball. Discussing... -Knicks Win 2 in a row -Amazing game at the garden vs Dallas -What does Cam Reddish add to the Knicks roster? -I…
NY Rangers mailbag episode: Alexis Lafrenière, trade rumors and more 53:31
Episode 54 of the "New Ice City" podcast is a mailbag edition devoted to answering fans' questions about the red-hot New York Rangers. Host Vincent Mercogliano returns from his COVID-19 absence to address Artemi Panarin, Alexis Lafrenière, Ryan Strome, Filip Chytil, Zac Jones, Libor Hájek, lineup combinations, trade rumors and the Blueshirts' recen…
Episode 80: Rebroadcast of 2017 Episode A Summer Inside NFTE 19:37
Rebroadcast of Episode 39: A Summer Inside NFTE, original airdate December 28, 2017. This summer we took an inside look at the New York office of the Network For Teaching Entrepreneurship, also known as NFTE. NFTE is a non-profit organization providing educational entrepreneurship training to high school students from low-income, urban communities.…
Transitions and Newcomers to NYC with Kelly Kreth (Brick Underground) 59:15
It's the finale episode of season 4 and we're talking Transition and Newcomers to NYC... It has been particularly challenging the last two years for those moving in, out, or around the city and will continue to be so going into 2022. Episode 48 brings you writer, real estate publicist, and expert, Kelly Kreth to share her wild NYC story and talk mo…
Creating Your NYC Itinerary 9:58
Are you a tourist in New York? Or someone new coming to New York? Or are you still in the planning phase of going to New York City but don't know where to start or who to ask about things to do in the city? Or you're just overwhelmed with researching and reading a lot of blogs on where to go? Don't worry too much about it because Nils and Katie are…
Episode 24 - Knicks Win 2 out of their last 3 21:53
The City That Never Sleeps is a New York Knicks podcast! In this episode, Josh and Tobias recap the last three games of Knicks Basketball. Discussing... -Knicks Win 2 in a row -Amazing game at the garden vs Boston ending with GAME WINNER -Ugly loss to the Celtics away -Julius Randle situation and apology -Next 5 Game Predictions!!! As well as other…
Episode 23 - Knicks Lose 2 In A Row 16:51
The City That Never Sleeps is a New York Knicks podcast! In this episode, Josh recaps the last two games of Knicks Basketball. Discussing... -Knicks lose 2 in a row on the road -Kemba Walker Knee Injury -Ugly loss to the Raports -Obi Toppin's last 2 starts -Next 3 Game Predictions!!! As well as other topics are talked about in the episode. Follow t…
Episode 22 - Talking New York Knicks with Nicky Snacks 42:49
The City That Never Sleeps is a New York Knicks podcast! In this episode, Josh and Snacks recap the last week of Knicks Basketball. Discussing... -Knicks win 2 in a row on the road -Julius Randle enters NBA's COVID-19 protocols -Knicks bench coming up clutch against Pistons -What's the deal with Kemba Walker? -Our Next 2 Game Predictions!!! As well…
Episode 21 - Celtics Recap + Knicks have lost 4 of last 5 26:22
The City That Never Sleeps is a New York Knicks-based podcast! In this episode, Josh and Tobias recap the last week of Knicks Basketball. Discussing... -Knicks unfortunate loss to the Celtics -Knicks and NBA covid outbreak -Tyler Hall sings 10-Day Contract -Should the Knicks look to trade Kemba Walker? -Our Next 5 Game Predictions!!! As well as oth…
Previewing NY Rangers' prospects in the World Juniors, plus the latest on Artemi Panarin, Filip Chytil and more 56:32
Episode 53 of the "New Ice City" podcast features Daily Faceoff reporter Chris Peters to preview the 2022 World Junior Championships and the New York Rangers' prospects who will be participating. Plus, host Vincent Mercogliano discusses the latest surrounding Artemi Panarin's lower-body injury, Filip Chytil being scratched and coach Gerard Gallant'…
Our Family's Favorites 16:18
If you're wondering about what to do and where to eat in New York, then this podcast episode is for you! In this special episode of Coming To New York with Nils and Katie, they're accompanied by very adorable guests – Shelby and Emery! The Smiths are going to share their favorite go-to places to eat and activities to do in New York City (that you m…
Episode 20- Knicks Beat the Spurs and Lose to the Pacers 19:51
The City That Never Sleeps is a New York Knicks-based podcast! In this episode, Josh and Tobias recap the last week of Knicks Basketball. Discussing... -RJ Barrett's great performance against the Spurs -Knicks look tired against the Pacers in back to back -Lack of defensive -Our Next 5 Game Predictions!!! As well as other topics are talked about in…
Story time with the voice of the NY Rangers and broadcast legend Sam Rosen 1:02:50
Episode 52 of the "New Ice City" podcast features the voice of the New York Rangers on MSG Network and broadcast legend Sam Rosen, who shares some of his favorite stories from over the years and discusses how much longer he plans to stay in the booth. Plus, host Vincent Mercogliano analyzes the Rangers' winning streak coming to an end, the latest o…
One HoliDAY in NYC 19:36
Jump in on this podcast episode to get a glimpse of a fun-filled itinerary in New York City – for a day during the BIG holiday! Nils and Katie will take you around with their tips on the best places to go and things to do if you visit New York during the holiday season. Be prepared for a lot of walking around the city to get a feel for the quintess…
Episode 19- Can the Knicks Get Back On Track? 25:45
The City That Never Sleeps is a New York Knicks-based podcast! In this episode, Josh and Tobias recap the last week of Knicks Basketball. Discussing... -What is happening with RJ Barrett? -Kemba Walker speaks on being out of the rotation. What is his future with the Knicks? -Julius Randle recent positive performances -Should Obi Toppin become a sta…
NY Rangers hitting their stride at the quarter pole, plus catching up with prospect Will Cuylle 1:01:14
Episode 51 of the "New Ice City" podcast features New York Rangers prospect Will Cuylle discussing what he learned at NHL camp and how it's helped him dominate the OHL so far this season. Plus, host Vincent Mercogliano analyzes the Rangers' strong start through their first 20 games and answers fans' questions about defensemen prospects, trade possi…
How You Doin'? Vol 10: Matt Bennett, Founder of Dreams Aren't This Good 20:13
What's it like to grow a salsa brand? We check back in with Matt Bennett, Founder of Dreams Aren't This Good Salsa. We first spoke to Matt in 2019 when he was just starting off. Since then, Matt has developed a proprietary chip bag, several new flavors, and began selling on Amazon. However, things haven't been easy and we hear from Matt about his c…
Episode 18- Knicks Beat the HAWKS!! Also Knicks vs Nets Preview 42:54
The City That Never Sleeps is a New York Knicks-based podcast! In this episode, Josh and Tobias recap the last week or so of Knicks Basketball. Both of them are also joined by former co-host of the podcast, Alex to preview the Knicks vs Nets game. They also discuss... -What is happening with Julius Randle? -Kemba Walker is out of the rotation -Knic…
Is Summit One Vanderbilt the Best View in NYC? 19:19
This one's definitely not for the faint-hearted! In this podcast episode, tune in as Nils and Katie walk you through one of the newest attractions of New York City—the Summit One Vanderbilt. If you've been to the Chrysler Building or the Empire State, then this one's way better because it's not just focused on the view but on the art and the experi…
Celebrating 50 episodes with Hockey Hall of Famer Kevin Lowe and lots of NY Rangers' talk 1:07:41
Episode 50 of the "New Ice City" podcast features six-time champion and recent Hockey Hall of Fame inductee Kevin Lowe, who stops by to tell some of his favorite stories from the New York Rangers' run to the Stanley Cup in 1994. Plus, host Vincent Mercogliano discusses the latest Rangers' news, including Dryden Hunt's promotion to the top line, Nil…
From New York with Love with ZIGS (Part 2 of 2) 51:23
New York, we've come a long way! Happy Thanksgiving week to you and yours, hoping that you can spend it with those you love this year, wherever you may be. Episode 47, I bring you Part. 2 of From New York with Love with Zigs (Erica Zigon). Zigs and I talk about how her iconic New York songs nearly didn't happen, and how the song Manhattan was born …
Episode 17-Knicks Are Struggling! 28:43
The City That Never Sleeps is a New York Knicks-based podcast! In this episode, Josh and Tobias recap the last week or so of Knicks Basketball. They also discuss the most recent struggles with the team! As well as... -What is happening with Julius Randle? -Is Derrick Rose the best PG on the team? -Do the Knicks need one more key player? -Next 5 gam…
Katie's Epic NYC Birthday Celebration 17:57
Guess whose birthday it is? It's Katie's birthday! Join Nils and Katie as they recap their epic celebration for Katie's 40th birthday. From going on a helicopter ride to spending a day on a surprisingly comfortable yacht cruise, and then another day on a rooftop bar with the best views of New York City. And to cap it off, it didn't just happen in o…
NY Rangers are on a roll, plus replacing Sammy Blais and analyzing Igor Shesterkin's hot start 57:40
Episode 49 of the "New Ice City" podcast delves into the improvements the New York Rangers have shown in the past week and what's been most impressive about their 10-3-3 start. Plus, goalie expert Kevin Woodley joins the show to discuss Igor Shesterkin becoming one of the best in the NHL and host Vincent Mercogliano answers questions about replacin…
From New York with Love with ZIGS (Part 1 of 2) 1:16:46
It's the two-year anniversary of the Gossipnista podcast today and there is no better way to celebrate then with my special guest today and her amazing music about New York City.... I still can't believe I had the opportunity to interview such a talented up-and-coming musician and artist such as Erica Zigon. And yes, she's definitely from New York,…
SPOTTED: European Vacation from NYC (Part 1 of 4) 23:38
There's a plot twist to this Spotted episode in more ways than one, but if you ever have plans to travel internationally, it's of absolute value and a must listen. Tune-in to hear a native New Yorker, turn recent Londoner, as we talk what we love and dislike about London and Paris. We also dive into the one tool that has saved my guest a lot of mon…
Thanksgiving in New York City 2021 38:26
Thanksgiving Day is getting closer and closer and in this episode of the Coming to New York City podcast, Nils and Katie share some very useful tips on how to celebrate a fun and memorable Thanksgiving Day in New York City this 2021! Tune in as they share some tips on where to stay if you wanna get a good view of the Macy's Thanksgiving Parade or a…
The time for NY Rangers to adjust is now, plus catching up on AHL Hartford prospects 1:04:27
Episode 48 of the "New Ice City" podcast dives into some of the troubling trends for the New York Rangers and why they need to make corrections despite their 7-3-3 record. Plus, Hartford Wolf Pack play-by-play voice Alex Thomas joins the show to discuss how some of the Rangers' top prospects are performing in the AHL and host Vincent Mercogliano an…
Between the Lines of NYC with Uli Beutter Cohen (Subway Book Review) 59:20
She's the queen of the underground, and is giving back to the city and New Yorkers through sharing their stories one book at a time. Uli Beutter Cohen is a New York City–based documentarian, artist, and the creator of Subway Book Review. For 7+ years and counting, Uli has ridden every subway line through New York City to observe, interview, and pho…
Episode 16- Knicks WIN against Bucks and move to 5th in the East! 27:59
The City That Never Sleeps is now a New York Knicks-based podcast! In this episode, Josh and Tobias recap the last week of Knicks Basketball. They also discuss the most recent matchup, Friday night's VICTORY against the Bucks! As well as... -Their thoughts on Derrick Rose, RJ Barrett, and Julius Randle up to this point -Update on Nerlens Noel -Jame…
Adam Fox gets paid, plus what have we learned about the NY Rangers through 10 games? 1:02:20
Episode 47 of the "New Ice City" podcast dives into what we've learned about the New York Rangers through the first 10 games of the 2021-22 NHL season, with Shayna Goldman of Sportsnet and The Athletic joining the show to discuss analytical trends. Plus, host Vincent Mercogliano offers his takes on Adam Fox's contract extension, Vitali Kravtsov's l…
Finding a Roommate in NYC with Rany Burstein (Diggz) 1:03:01
New York is the top roommate rental search state in the US! Today's episode ㊹ is with CEO and founder of Diggz, Rany Burstein. Diggz, is a New York based roommate finding platform that has its pulse on the city and the lifestyle of New Yorkers. Created to help all those who are looking for roommates, or to list a room for rent and provide support t…
Episode 80: Elia Wolberger, Founder of Feed Your Sister 17:43
New Yorkers are eating all wrong! That's according to Elia Wolberger, Founder of Feed Your Sister. Elia is a private chef who saw New Yorkers had more in their pantries than they thought, yet still had high delivery and grocery bills. The solution according to Elia is Plan, Prep, Plate. Meal planning doesn't have to be hard, but a lot of New Yorker…
Episode 15- Knicks Top of the East! + Interview with Ed Cohen 40:52
Josh talks with Ed Cohen about the Knicks stunning start to the NBA Season!The City That Never Sleeps tarafından oluşturuldu
Start of a New Season 20:45
Catch up with Nils and Katie in this new episode of Coming to New York as they fill you in about what they've been up to in the past 7 months in their new home on Roosevelt Island. They also talk about various topics — from the upcoming election, safety in the city, and how New York is slowly opening up to vaccinated travelers. All this and more in…
Ups and downs through the NY Rangers' seven games lead to team meeting 1:03:01
Episode 46 of the "New Ice City" podcast features reaction to the New York Rangers' first seven games and some of the inconsistencies that have surfaced. Plus, Seattle Kraken beat reporter Ryan S. Clark joins the show to discuss the NHL's new expansion team and host Vincent Mercogliano offers behind-the-scenes insight into Gerard Gallant's team mee…
NYC Real Estate is Back with Starr Densford and Jordan White (The Rosen Team) 58:12
Broadway is back and so is the New York City real estate market. According to major online publications, "The first half of 2021 experienced a record-breaking number of residential contracts signed." And…it has not stopped since! Word on the street is that the rental market is just as busy with lines to see apartments and bidding wars driving up co…
Recapping the first week of the season with NY Rangers defenseman Patrik Nemeth 1:08:41
Episode 45 of the "New Ice City" podcast features Rangers defenseman Patrik Nemeth discussing his adjustment to New York, his partnership with Nils Lundkvist and a golfing incident with Ryan Strome. Plus, host Vincent Mercogliano assesses the Rangers' first four games of the 2021-22 season, the decision to put Artemi Panarin and Mika Zibanejad on t…
What's Poppin New York with Davis Burleson 40:08
He's a boy wonder and taking on New York City by a storm! "Washington Square Park has its own talk show host." - New York Post Interviewing New York's finest and set in the heart of the city (according to New Yorkers). This weeks episode stars content creator and Tik Tok sensation, Davis Burleson, who is the host a viral show called, "What's Poppin…
Episode 14- The NBA Season is Back! + Interview with Chris Milholen 19:37
The NBA Season is back and we talk with Nets Daily Reporter Chris Milholen about his expectations for the Nets this season!The City That Never Sleeps tarafından oluşturuldu
Vitali Kravtsov reaction and previewing the NY Rangers' opener in DC 53:45
Episode 44 of the "New Ice City" podcast features reaction to the news that former top-10 draft pick Vitali Kravtsov wants out of New York. Plus, Washington Capitals reporter Samantha Pell joins the show to preview the season opener and host Vince Mercogliano addresses the Rangers' lineup choices, Mika Zibanejad's extension and the decision not to …
Previewing the NY Rangers' 2021-22 season and breaking down the lineup with Joe Micheletti 1:03:29
Episode 43 of the "New Ice City" podcast features a conversation with MSG Network broadcaster Joe Micheletti about his impressions of New York Rangers' training camp, new head coach Gerard Gallant and what it's like being back on the road with the team. Plus, host Vincent Mercogliano breaks down the Rangers' projected lineup and answers Twitter que…
Episode 13- Knicks and Nets Training Camp with Tim Capstraw 28:17
We talk with Tim Capstraw about his career in broadcasting for the Nets and his thoughts on the upcoming NBA season!The City That Never Sleeps tarafından oluşturuldu
How You Doin'? Vol 10: Hannah Weitzer and BC of Seachange Collective 25:55
Social justice is in the news these days. Whether it's resulting from the pandemic, Black Lives Matter movement, or issues related to access, social justice is on the forefront of the minds of a lot of New Yorkers. Who better to check in with than Seachange Collective, our guest in Episode 56. Seachange Collective has grown since we first spoke to …
NY Rangers defenseman Ryan Lindgren joins the 'New Ice City' podcast 1:09:41
Episode 42 of the "New Ice City" podcast features Ryan Lindgren of the New York Rangers to discuss his rise as a top-pair defenseman, the various personalities in the Blueshirts' locker room and what it's like being roommates with Norris Trophy winner Adam Fox. Plus, host Vincent Mercogliano offers his observations from training camp and answers fa…
Previewing NY Rangers training camp and reacting to Gerard Gallant 51:24
Episode 41 of the "New Ice City" podcast previews training camp for the 2021-22 NHL season and what to expect from the New York Rangers. Plus, host Vincent Mercogliano reacts to head coach Gerard Gallant's opening press conference and answers questions from fans on the captaincy, Nils Lundkvist and Mika Zibanejad.…
Hip Hop in New York with DJ J-Ronin 1:20:10
In honor of his birthday and it also falling on the same day as #NationalNewYorkDay (Sept. 21st) - I did everything in my power to drop Brooklynite, DJ J-Ronin's episode today! Tastemaker in hip hop, business man, and best damn networker in New York City are words I would use to describe Jonathon Marvin a.k.a DJ J-Ronin (@jronin82). Hip hop and mar…
Insights for NY Rangers development camp and finalizing our prospect rankings 1:03:49
Episode 40 of the "New Ice City" podcast features behind-the-scenes insights from New York Rangers' development camp, including clips from interviews with Nils Lundkvist, Braden Schneider, Zac Jones and Brennan Othmann. Plus, host Vincent Mercogliano discusses how he put together his organizational prospect rankings and answers fans' questions abou…
Original Gossip Girl with Nicole Fiscella 42:03
Nostalgia, it's like it never left for Gossip Girl. I mean, New York's mayor at the time, Bloomberg, even gave the show its own day in the city - January 26th. Tune into this week's episode as I bring you back to familiar people, music, and an interview with model, actress, and now mom, plus wellness guru, Nicole Fiscella, behind the original hit s…
Episode 12- Interview with Ian Eagle + Knicks PPP 50:24
We talk with Ian Eagle about his career in broadcasting and his role calling the Brooklyn Nets and national games on TNT!The City That Never Sleeps tarafından oluşturuldu


NEW YORK (360Dx) – Theranos is laying off 155 employees, or 41 percent of its workforce, in order to focus on commercializing its miniLab testing technology, the firm said on Friday.
After the layoffs, Theranos will have 220 employees tasked with product development and regulatory and commercial efforts. In a statement the firm said the decision to trim its operations was difficult. "[H]owever this move allows Theranos to marshal its resources most efficiently and effectively."


The Aztecs and Mexico City: 14th century The Aztecs are a tribe, according to their own legends, from Aztlan somewhere in the north of modern Mexico. From this place, which they leave in about the 12th century AD, there derives the name Aztecs by which they are known to western historians.... A chronology of key events in Mexico's history 10th-16th centuries - Revitalised Maya civilisation blossoms in the northern Yucatan peninsula, creating major cities such as Chichen Itza and Uxmal.
History of rice cultivation Oryza sativa was domesticated from the wild grass Oryza rufipogon roughly 10,000–14,000 years ago. The two main subspecies of rice – indica (prevalent in tropical regions) and japonica (prevalent in the subtropical and temperate regions of East Asia) – are not believed to have been derived from independent domestication events.
The history of Mexico prior to the Spanish conquest is known through the work of archaeologists, epigraphers, and ethnohistorians (scholars who study Indigenous history, usually from the Indigenous point of view), who analyze Mesoamerican Indigenous manuscripts, particularly Aztec codices, Mayan codices, and Mixtec codices.


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Airgun Shooting > Shooting > Expert Advice & Law
Thermalimaging for hunting: air rifle squirrel cull!
Published: 3:15 PM March 2, 2021
Updated: 5:57 PM July 1, 2021
The Hik thermal monocular proved its worth today - Credit: Archant
Eddie Jones heads out with his thermal imaging monocular for a spot of squirrel hunting
Alan could not see the squirrel so i took a quick shot - Credit: Archant
Well, it has been a very wet two weeks here in sunny Wales. I have been dying to get a feature in the daylight because the night-time shooting with the thermal imager gets a bit repetitive when you're only after a couple of species that are causing problems to farmers, and today the weather was forecast as 'sunny intervals for most of the day and no chance of rain'.
We had been asked to go into a small plantation to see if we could locate any squirrels that a farmer was having problems with; there are some very old oaks set amongst pines and chestnut, the squirrels had already caused some damage to the oaks, and the farmer was concerned that the damage might get worse and kill the trees. Today was one of those days when you knew that any squirrels would come out to feed.
We arrived at the wood at around 1pm – we'd had a few mole jobs to do on the way – and it wasn't a big plantation, so we knew we could do the damage before it got dark. We parked the truck around 500 yards away, and I had a look toward the outer edge of the wood with the Hik Vision thermal imaging monocular. The trees are thinner there, and could see some activity straight away. Alan confirmed this through his thermal monocular, so we set off with high hopes of bagging one or two.
A quick pose on the dodgy bridge - Credit: Archant
We entered the wood on the south side, and the plan was to walk up 30 yards apart, so that any squirrels trying to hide would soon be spotted by one of us. We arrived at the area where we had spotted a squirrel from the truck and Alan called over and pointed to my right, in front of me. As I looked through the monocular, I could see two squirrels on the opposite side of a deep valley.
They were around 50 yards away, moving through the trees away from us. I signalled to Alan that we should carry on to the north end of the wood, and then cross the valley. That way, we could work our way back down to them without worrying about scaring them too much. When we reached the top of the wood, we were faced with a rather old-looking tree bridge over a small stream running underneath, that dropped off as it went southwards.
Alan ushered me forward, to try the bridge out first. I looked at him like I wasn't bothered, but in truth, I was slightly on edge – only slightly, of course – as I started to cross it. It was like a scene from cliff-hanger but it was only a 10-feet drop, and I managed to get halfway across before I suddenly had to stop for a pose.
Alan's shot pigeon is in there somewhere - Credit: Archant
SHAKY FIVE MINUTES
We got across the rather dodgy bridge, and I spotted a small amount of heat near the top of an oak tree, so I walked toward it, just to make sure it wasn't a small bird I was seeing. We were pretty close by now, and the heat source hadn't moved. That was all I needed to confirm it was a squirrel, so I gestured to Alan to stand against a conifer on the right side of the tree, whilst I continued to walk to the left, and hoped that the squirrel would show itself more clearly to Alan. As I slowly walked away, I could see the squirrel gradually moving around the trunk, out of my view – the plan was working!
I looked at Alan to confirm that he could see it, and I had my reply as he sent the squirrel to the floor, with a lovely head shot. I looked at the base of the tree to see the squirrel rolling down the steep slope and then shouted to Alan that he'd better have his climbing shoes on because it was his squirrel that had rolled all the way down to the stream below! He complained about his sore toes that he'd hurt falling down his stairs, so I set off myself to retrieve it – it was better than listening to him crying like a baby.
After a shaky five minutes, I'd collected the squirrel; I'd slid most of the way down, with all the grace of a 'Dancing on Ice' competitor who had never had a pair of blades on in their life, and come back up like a mountain goat. With my legs like jelly from climbing Everest, we set off in search of the other squirrel that we'd seen.
He can get his own squirrel next time - Credit: Archant
STAR-SHAPED
We hadn't gone far when I noticed another heat source halfway up a tree. It wasn't moving, so we stopped to look through our scopes and it took a good few minutes of searching through the ivy before I finally found it. A squirrel was star-shaped on the trunk of the tree, and the ivy had broken up its outline perfectly. We would never have got this squirrel without the thermal; it took all the great glass of the Hawke Vantage to be able to see it. I took a rest on a dead tree, lined up the Ultimate to its head, the pellet struck solid and the squirrel was down.
As I was walking toward it, I noticed another cross right in front of me, and I prompted Alan to take the shot because I didn't want to move – the squirrel was staring right at me. Alan couldn't see it, though, so I slowly raised the Ultimate Sporter and took the shot before it scarpered. That was a good result!
The Hawke Vantage helped spot my next squirrel hidden amongst some ivy - Credit: Archant
MISSING PIGEON
I didn't expect to see any more because we were pretty near where we started, but as we were walking through the wood, we noticed large number of rabbit holes. They were all pretty well cleaned out, so we agreed that we would stake the wood out one day and see what we could get. Rabbits like to sit out in the woods in winter, more than the open fields, so this was definitely a plan for the future.
We reached the south side of the wood, but scanning all around us with our thermal monocular produced no more heat sources and the only other shot we had in the wood was at a pigeon, which Alan had dropped at a range of around 35 yards. It had dropped stone dead, and I knew the area where it had fallen, so I went and searched for it. I looked everywhere, but couldn't find it; there were a lot of brambles, though, and it must have just dive-bombed through them and got covered up because the thermal couldn't pick it up either. We decided to head back to the truck because time was getting on now, and we were struggling a bit to see in the wood.
Alan executed our plan to perfection - Credit: Archant
AN EXTRA DOT!
As we walked up the edge of the field, Alan pointed in front of us. He'd spotted a rabbit around 70 yards further up the field, so I took it upon myself to go for the shot – Alan was struggling with his toes, so there was no way he was going to creep up to it without being noticed. Slowly, I edged toward the rabbit – nettles and bushes kept my outline broken up – and managed to get within 40 yards of it. I was going to try to get closer, but there was a fallen tree between us and I knew that if I tried to get around or over it, I would be seen, so I utilised it to my advantage and used it as a rest.
One extra mil dot was all it needed, and the rabbit lay kicking – it was a perfect shot, and a perfect way to end the session. I enjoyed every minute of it, partly because it had been so long since I'd been able to enjoy a walk in the beautiful Welsh countryside with the rifle, in daylight. Let's hope for colder, brighter days, with less rain!
This obstacle became a steady rest for a longer shot at my rabbit - Credit: Archant
This will need further investigation via a stakeout - Credit: Archant
A good afternoon for a small wood - Credit: Archant

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Ports O' Call Village, located along the Port of Los Angeles main channel in San Pedro, was a seaside plaza that featured souvenir and gift shops, along with restaurants, sweetshops, fish markets and quick-bite eateries. This New England-style seaside village encompassed 15 acres of shops, restaurants and attractions. A meandering promenade of cobblestone streets connects the specialty shops.

History
Ports O' Call Village, branded as an "elaborately themed seaside entertainment venue", was conceived and built by David Tallichet in 1963, a World War II pilot-turned restaurateur who also built the Castaway and 94th Aero Squadron. Tallichet envisioned an eclectic mixture of international destinations knitted together with cobblestone pathways, strolling musicians and global cuisine.

Development
In 2013, the Los Angeles Board of Harbor Commissioners called for the redevelopment of the entire 30-acre waterfront site in the Port of Los Angeles that includes Ports O' Call Village. After a series of public meetings and extensive community input, in 2015, the Port of Los Angeles released its Public Access Investment Plan intended to create a sustainable and predictable approach to the Port's yearly investment in non-cargo related, public-serving projects and programs.

In March 2016, the Los Angeles Board of Harbor Commissioners approved a 50-year lease for the new San Pedro Public Market on the site. Plans for San Pedro Public Market include restaurants, shopping, fresh markets, office space and a waterfront promenade with outdoor space and an open-air amphitheater. Construction is expected to begin in 2017 at a partial project cost of $90 million, paid by the developer. The San Pedro Public Market is expected to open in 2020, with demolition beginning as early as November 2016.

, a public spokesperson at the Port of Los Angeles says it will be a couple more years until this development is open to the public. The development was named West Harbor in October 2020.

References

Ports and harbors of California
San Pedro, Los Angeles

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Jo Michael Rezes • Theatremaker
Jo Michael Rezes
Nosfera-ZOOM!
We are going LIVE! HowlRound will be live-streaming a performance of Nosferatu, The Vampyr by M Sloth Levine with original music by Alissa Voth. A reading of a subversion of a tale known all too well, produced by Homesick Play Project and Sparkhaven Theatre.
After the COVID-19 pandemic took away performances at Chelsea Theatre Works in Chelsea, MA, I couldn't be more excited to be sharing the (Zoom) space with the lovely, queer cast of Nosferatu once again!
Livestreaming on this page on Thursday 30 April 2020 at 3:30 p.m. PDT (San Francisco, UTC-7) / 5:30 p.m. CDT (Chicago, UTC-5) / 6:30 p.m. EDT (New York, UTC-4)!
Z'acting the Summer Away
Speaking Swed-ish with my "Immediate Family"
38th Annual Elliot Norton Award Nomination
© 2020 by JO MICHAEL REZES


On 23rd April, 2014, which is the World Book and Copyright Day, 50 literary benches appeared in the Planty Park. To each of them a name plate of a literary patron – a writer or a poet associated with Krakow – is fixed. The selection of authors is as wide as possible in order to present all aspects of wealth and diversity of the literary legacy of Krakow, ranging from Jan Kochanowski to Ziemowit Szczerek, from Czesław Miłosz to… Graham Masterton (a part of his Basilisk takes place in Krakow). Among others, also Jaroslav Hašek, Honoré de Balzac, Thomas Keneally, William Styron, Jacek Dukaj, Jerzy Pilch, Joseph Conrad, Sławomir Mrożek, Stanisław Lem and Witold Gombrowicz have their benches here.
Next to the name a special QR code is placed on each plaque. After scanning it with a tablet or a smartphnone one can access the project website, and read there an excerpt from a text by a given author, listen to its recording in Polish and in English, and find the author's biographical note. Additionally, the website offers an interactive map thanks to which one can easily find all literary benches, as well as the selected, most important literary addresses in Krakow.
Thanks to the archive recordings, the project will allow us to hear, among others, the voices of Wisława Szymborska, Czesław Miłosz, Adam Zagajewski, Ryszard Krynicki, Ewa Lipska, Julia Hartwig, or Ziemowit Szczerek. The participation of the literary circles of Krakow in the project is noteworthy, as some of the readers are singers, men of letters, editors, literary journalists and bloggers, or literary critics, including Grzegorz Turnau, Bronisław Maj, Piotr Mucharski, Zośka Papużanka, Jerzy Franczak, Szymon Kloska, Tomasz Pindel, Łukasz Wojtusik, Marcin Wilk, Łukasz Dębski, and even (going far beyond the borders of Krakow) Graham Masterton and Robert Hass (a distinguished American poet and translator of Czesław Miłosz's works). The publishers who are the project partners have also made available to us some fragments of audiobooks and recordings featuring Marek Kondrat, Jerzy Trela, Borys Szyc or Maciej Stuhr.
The purpose of the City Codes project consists in emphasizing in the public space the prestigious UNESCO City of Literature title which Krakow received on 21st October, 2013, as the first Slavonic city. In this way, the idea of literature penetrating into the city tissue is coming true. This was inspired by a similar project implemented in Reykjavik, one of the partner Creative Cities of Literature.
- the Experts with whom we cooperated: Ewa Zamorska-Przyłuska, the author of the Literary Guide to Krakow and Malopolska Region, and doctor habilitatus Jakub Niedźwiedź from the Chair of History of Old Polish Literature at the Faculty of Polish Studies at the Jagiellonian University.
The City Codes Project becomes part of a series of actions carried out by the Krakow Festival Office, promoting the literary image of the city. The Krakow Festival Office organizes two great literary festivals (the annual Conrad Festival and the biannual Czesław Miłosz Festival). It gets involved in the initiatives of the publishing companies located in the city and cooperates closely with the Book Fair, regarded as the most important book trade event. It also supports all initiatives introducing the inhabitants of Krakow and tourists to literature. As part of the Reading Malopolska program, on the other hand, the Krakow Festival Office carries out promotional campaigns aimed at emphasizing the region's literary potential. For more than two years, together with the Bookeriada.pl portal, the Krakow Festival Office has organized free book swapping, The Second Life of a Book, which has been appreciated by readers, and which every month attracts hundreds of reading enthusiasts. Also, not by chance, in Krakow as in the first city in Poland, a Place for a Reader, was marked three years ago in the public transport vehicles.


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Q: heap vs stack memory while using malloc In following code:
int main(void)
{
    char* a = malloc(sizeof(char));
    a[0] = 'a';
    a[1] = 'b';
    a[2] = 'c';
    printf("%s", a);
}

Acc. to me a[0] is being allocated memory from heap while a[1] and a[2] are on the stack. I get the output of following code as abc. How is that happening, if stack and heap are supposed to two different segments of memory I must get only a as the output as I have allocated memory in heap for only one char.

A: You're only allocating room on the heap for one char in a, but you're writing three. The other two don't magically go to the stack; they just overwrite some other probably-important value that happens to be after the one you did allocate. Your program is simple enough that it didn't blow up in your face, but it's still Undefined Behavior to do this. C doesn't have bounds checking, so it won't save you from this mistake.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Sunday, Dec 15, 2019 05:00 AM
A game to say 'Thank You Fans'
Teresa Varley
Tonight's game is the Steelers annual 'Thank You Fans' game, an opportunity for the organization to show their gratitude for all the support during the season and year-round from Steelers Nation.
Steelers fans have shown up at Heinz Field all season, and on the road, spurring the team to victory and providing boundless energy.
Now it's time to say thank you.
Steelers President Art Rooney II will deliver a 'Thank You' message to the fans that will be shown on the Heinz Field scoreboard.
Eight randomly selected season ticket holders who had 'perfect attendance' this season were selected to take part in a Super Bowl Trip Giveaway. All participants received an autographed football, and one lucky winner won a Trip to the Super Bowl for two.
One lucky fan will go home a big winner thanks to a contest sponsored by the Steelers and Neighborhood Ford Store. Fans could register all season to win a black 2019 Ford F-150 XLT SuperCrew 4x4 truck, completely wrapped in Steelers colors and logos. And the truck will be given away to the winner at halftime.
Fifty winners were preselected from the Steelers App to come to the field postgame where all of them are eligible for a wide variety of prizes, with the grand prize being two Super Bowl tickets.
The Terrible Towel Twirl will be started by two celebrity Steelers fans, Sal Vulcano from The Impractical Jokers, and Steve Byrne, a comedian and actor from Pittsburgh.
As a part of the 'Thank You Fans' game the team will be giving away prizes throughout the night, including some of the following in game gifts:
'A Different Way to Win' books
Marathon Gas Cards
Pepsi Gift It Forward Packages with the winner receiving $1,000 and 20 $500 Steelers Pro Shop Gift Cards to gift forward in game.
The team will feature a "SNU Fan Parade." The parade route will start on General Robinson, turn onto Art Rooney Avenue and then culminate with an arrival into the stadium and onto the field for the Terrible Towel Unfurl. The Steeline Drum Line will also be included in the march, as well as SNU members who won the opportunity to be a part of the Terrible Towel Unfurl.
Keisel ready for the 'final cut'
Brett Keisel will 'Shear Da Beard' one last time
Shell reflects on his HOF selection
Donnie Shell said his faith helped him as he waited his turn to be voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame
Shell's HOF selection has teammates thrilled
Donnie Shell's fellow Hall of Famers can't wait to welcome him to Canton
Reaching out to help the most vulnerable
The Steelers' Social Justice Grant program helped three organizations that provide safety and services to those who need it the most
Shell is Hall of Fame bound
Donnie Shell is one of the newest members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame as a member of the Centennial Class of 2020
Haden named to Pro Bowl roster
Joe Haden will be the fourth Steelers' defensive player taking part in the game
Canada named QB coach
Matt Canada joins the Steelers coaching staff as the quarterbacks' coach
Statement from Rooney on Shell
Statement by Steelers President Art Rooney II on Donnie Shell being announced as a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame's Class of 2020 Centennial Slate:
A dramatic finish
On this day in Steelers history the team pulled off two huge wins
Bush earns All-Rookie Team honors
Devin Bush was named to the Pro Football Writers of America All-Rookie Team


Very pretty and well made summer baby boys two piece dungarees set.
Shirt is white, buttoned at rear and decorated by navy scallop lace around collar and sleeves.
Dungarees are fully lined, has navy lace in front, navy anchor print and small navy dots throughout, complete with navy anchor symbol buttons. The dungaress have extra buttons on the straps to make them longer.
Top quality material made in Spain.


NEW YORK (MarketWatch) — U.S. stocks tumbled on Wednesday, with the Dow industrials falling for three consecutive days for the first time this year, as the Japanese yen furthered its rise and doubts about monetary policy had investors on edge.
"The markets are very much tying off of the Japanese currency and also again, Fed policy, which hasn't changed, and we don't think is likely to change this year. But the comments from the various Fed governors are acting as trial balloons," said Paul Nolte, managing director at Dearborn Partners. "They are getting a sense of the market's reaction without actually changing policy," he added.
The Federal Open Market Committee will hold a two-day meeting next week.
After a 119-point opening leap, the Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA, +0.60% fell as much as 140 points and ended at 14,995.23, a loss of 126.79 points, or 0.8%.
The S&P 500 index SPX, +0.86% lost 13.61 points, or 0.8%, to 1,612.52, with consumer discretionary pacing losses that extended to all 10 of its major industry groups.
The Nasdaq Composite COMP, +1.20% fell 36.52 points, or 1.1%, to 3,400.43.
For each stock rising, more than four fell on the New York Stock Exchange, where nearly 686 million shares traded.
Composite volume neared 3.2 billion.
"We literally spent the entire year without having three down days in a row, just grinding higher, and we never had more than a 3% decline up until May 22," Art Hogan, market strategist at Lazard Capital Markets, said in a telephone interview late Tuesday.
"The FOMC and Ben Bernanke have introduced volatility into the market for the first time this year, so the introduction of volatility seems extreme to us, but that's only because we spent the first five months without it," Hogan said.
"The concern over Armageddon is way overblown. I don't see it as anything more than a correction; it doesn't mean you rearrange your entire portfolio," Nolte added.
The Fed's monetary easing and better-than-anticipated corporate results have fed a bull market now in a fifth year, pushing the S&P 500 up 139% from a 12-year low in 2009.
On Wednesday, the U.S. dollar fell against the Japanese yen USDJPY, -0.08% which on Tuesday rose the most against the greenback in three years.
One day after reaching a 14-month high, the yield on the 10-year Treasury note US:10_YEAR used in determining mortgage rates and other consumer loans rose to 2.238%.
"Global credit markets are calmer after a tumultuous selloff the past month, sending yields materially higher, but still very low compared with historical averages and where most rates were last year," wrote Nick Raich, CEO at the Earnings Scout.
"Despite, or maybe because of, the recent sharp rise in 30-year-mortgage rates to 4.15%, mortgage applications in the U.S. were up 16% last week after four weeks of terrible numbers," Raich added.
On the New York Mercantile Exchange, the cost of crude rose, with oil futures CLN3, +0.00% up 50 cents at $95.88 a barrel, while gold futures US:GCQ3 added $15 to finish at $1,392 an ounce.
In deal news Wednesday, India's Apollo Tyres Ltd. is acquiring Ohio's Cooper Tire & Rubber Co. CTB, +0.22% in a $2.5 billion transaction. Shares of Cooper Tire rallied 41%.
The Nikkei Stock Average NIK, +0.19% shook off a sharper initial drop to close down 0.2% on Wednesday to 13,289.32. In Europe, stocks ended lower Wednesday.
On Thursday, the economic calendar includes government reports on initial jobless claims for last week, along with retail sales for May.


text:
1 May, 2018 - In Case Studies By GIFT Network 0
Public Participation in the Audit Process: Tracing the effects of Social Audits in Andhra Pradesh, India
Category:	Case Studies
Tags:	CaseStudy CivilSocietyOrganizations India InternationalNetworks NationalMinistries PublicParticipation PublicParticipationCases SubnationalGovernment
Social audit can be defined as a mechanism for reviewing official government records for programs or initiatives implemented by government, by the community with the active involvement and participation of the primary stakeholders. The aim of social audit is to
determine whether state reported expenditures reflect the actual monies spent on the ground and verify the associated actual development outcomes achieved.
This verification process is followed by 'Social Audit Public Hearings' where information gathered is read out publicly, and people are given an opportunity to question officials, seek and obtain information, verify financial expenditure, examine the provision of entitlements, and critically evaluate the quality of works as well as the functioning of the program staff.
This practices illustrates the principles of openness, transparency, sustainability, inclusiveness, and respect for self-expression.
Social audit in Andra Pradesh is led by non-state actors and this is an example of invited participation, where the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of Andhra Pradesh initiated the engagement of non-government actors in the audit process. This takes place at the sub national level.
History of Social Audit in India
The idea of social audit was born in the early 1990s out of a larger struggle to ensure minimum wage regulation in drought relief works and availability of subsidized food and other essential commodities to the poorest through the public distribution system(PDS) spearheaded by the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) a grassroots organization based in Rajasthan, a state located in the western part of India. However, before it could take deep roots in Rajasthan, the programme got derailed by opposition from local elected leadership.
Nevertheless, the similar model of social audit got well established in Andhra Pradesh (AP), (a state located in Southern India) which is a success story in itself.
Social Audit and Andhra Pradesh
While efforts to conduct social audit on Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (MNREGA), an employment guarantee program for poorer section of the society, have been underway in different parts of the country [ref] , Andhra Pradesh is the only state in India that has developed an institutional architecture for undertaking regular social audit.
A team from Andhra Pradesh(A.P.) led by the then Principal Secretary for Rural Development, the A.P. government, took part in one of the social audits conducted by the MKSS in Rajasthan. Inspired by what he saw, the Principal Secretary decided to experiment with the possibility of undertaking regular social audits in A.P. for auditing MNREGA welfare program. The MKSS trained officials and interested civil society activists and worked with the government of A.P. to design the conduct of these pilot social audits. These pilots demonstrated the feasibility of conducting government led social audits on public works programs and generated the momentum necessary for the bureaucracy at the sub national level to consider the idea of institutionalizing social audit processes. Since then, the Government of A.P. has created an institutional structure to conduct regular social audits in the state. It has gone a step further forward and has enacted Promotion of Social Audit and Prevention of Corrupt Practices Act, 2012 providing for creation of mobile criminal courts with powers to sentence erring officials for up to two years. Recently, A. P has started institutional social audit in other welfare programs apart from MNREGA. (e.g. Social Security Pensions)
Large sums of money are channelled into social sector programs. Lack of information on how these investments translate into outcomes on the ground is a major barrier to evaluating their effectiveness and determining whether taxpayers' money is being well spent. Social audit is a process where the actual beneficiaries seek information and verification from agencies on actual outcomes in a systematic manner, thus ensuring or leading to public accountability. The process of social audit goes beyond the realm of financial auditing and covers the issues of equity and quality in programme implementation, in response to programmes already being implemented by the government. The process of social audits is used to establish whether or not the benefit meant for an individual or a community has reached them or not. It also provides a platform for the individuals or community members to engage with the State and those implementing programmes or projects meant for them.
Authorizing Environment
Legal backing for social audit was provided by Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (MGNREG) Act enacted in 2005. Section 17(2) of MGNREG Act states that the Gram Sabha (local self-government organisation in India at the village or small town level) shall conduct regular social audits of all the projects under the MGNREG welfare program taken up within the Gram Panchayat.
Who and How
In 2006, when first introduced in A.P. [ref] , social audits found their institutional home in the Strategy and Performance Innovation Unit (SPIU) of the rural development department. The SPIU was headed by a Director who was given the responsibility for implementing social audits in the state. A social development specialist, a contractual position created to bring in social audit expertise, supported the SPIU director. The Specialist was responsible for taking all policy and management decisions along with the SPIU director. By mid-2007, once the process was firmly in place, the state social audit team was confronted with the challenge of institutionalizing the social audit process. In addition, the team faced a larger methodological question – can and should the government legitimately audit its own activities?
Along this line of thinking, a decision was taken to create an independent agency under the Rural Development Department. In May 2009, the Society for Social Audits Accountability and Transparency (SSAAT) was created. SSAAT is an independent agency set up by the Department of Rural Development, Government of Andhra Pradesh to conduct social audits of its flagship welfare programmes [ref] . Interestingly, many staff members including the SSAAT directors have been drawn from activist groups and CSOs around the country. This has been important both in ensuring that the right kind of expertise is brought in (the current director is a member of the MKSS) and that public perception of objectivity is maintained. Most of the team members [ref] are drawn exclusively from civil society organizations. This extensive involvement of civil society organizations is central to the key element of the social audit structure. An audit by definition cannot be conducted by the implementing agency. By bringing civil society organizations into the process the state government has crossed this hurdle. The presence of civil society ensures that there is a high degree of autonomy and objectivity to the exercise. State government has given full financial and operational support to the SSAT.7 It is one of the most important checks and balances that have been built in to the process. The social audit itself is conducted by volunteers from the villages. Thus far, the social audit team has developed over 200,000 trained village social auditors.
These audits have been attended by upwards of a million labourers with tens of thousands of them providing testimonials regarding problems, both financial and non-financial, in the operation of the programme. On average, 130-150 social audits are conducted each month across all 22 districts, with not less than 2000 people engaged in the exercise. The "block" is the administrative unit (with an average of 21 panchayats [ref] ) in which the social audit exercise is conducted. The SA is conducted in all the panchayats over a ten day period. [ref]
Mechanism Implementation
A lot of preparatory work goes in to the actual conduct of the social audit . The dates and timing of the social audits are determined by a quarterly calendar prepared by the State Team Monitors (STMs). STMs are responsible for the overall management of social audit in a cluster of districts. The work includes scheduling the audits, generating reports of the audit, (rapid social audit reports), staffing training, and other human resources issues. [ref]
Prior to the social audit, official requests are sent to the local officials requesting relevant records and measurement books. On receipt of these letters, the local officials are mandated to provide information to the village elected representatives of the upcoming social audit. The social audit itself takes approximately 10-12 days.
Step 1: On Day 1 of the audit, the audit team collects the requested data from the local government. This is followed by a village level meeting with elected representatives to apprise them of the forthcoming social audit in their villages. The audit team then starts the recruitment of Village Social Auditors (VSAs). Once identified, the VSAs undergo two-three day training on different aspects of conducting a social audit.
Step 2: Parallel to the trainings, meticulous research is conducted and all official records pertaining to the specific government Programs including pay slips, technical sanctions, utilization certificates (financial records), bills and vouchers are scrutinized and consolidated into manageable and easy to understand formats. Armed with these documents, the VSAs then go to the villages to conduct the actual audit over a three to four day period.
Step 3: During this time, auditors stay in the villages assigned to them. To conduct the audit, the village auditors go from house to house cross verifying official records, examining the worksites and gathering information from wage-seekers. After the verification is complete, the auditors organize a village assembly or gram sabha where findings from the audit are shared. Local politicians, elected members and local officials, most importantly, the field assistants participate in these meetings. The village meetings begin with an information sharing session. This often acts as a catalyst for discussion and debate on the state of program or policy implementation. During these meetings, names of wage seekers and amounts due to them are publicly read out. This information triggers a detailed discussion among participants on different aspects of implementation and grievances therein. After this meeting, the VSAs and state audit team consolidate all reports and put them in a draft Decision Taken Format (DTF). The DTF includes a village level summary of all actionable issues (i.e. on which the implementing agency is yet to take action) as well as issues that have already been resolved at the level of the gram sabha.
Step 4: The social audit process concludes with a public hearing or JanSunwai. The responsibility of organizing and financing the public hearing rests with the local government. Typically, social audit attendees include wage seekers; the social audit team (VSAs, DRPs, SRPs, STMs, Director); the Branch Post Master (BPM) or the Superintendent Post Master (SPM) from the post office wherein payments due to wage seekers are deposited in their individual accounts; key implementing officials (Field Assistant, Technical Assistant, Assistant Engineer, Engineering Consultant, MPDO, Assistant Program Officer (APO)); officers from the vigilance wing; and elected representatives. Attendance at a social audit ranges between 200-800 people. At the hearing, village-level complaints are heard; wage seeker testimonies are verified; and relevant officials are given an opportunity to respond. The presiding officer has authority to take decisions on matters on which actions are to be taken by the implementing agency. These are summarized in a final "Decision Taken Report" (DTR). The presiding officer signs the DTR. If for any reason a public hearing is not held or is held and officials do not attend, the draft DTR is deemed final. What happens after a social audit? Within twenty-four hours of the social audit, signed copies of the DTR are sent to key officials for follow up. In addition, Action Taken Reports (ATRs) are uploaded on an intranet within the SSAAT website.
As discussed above, social audit goes beyond realm of traditional financial audit as it focusses on issues such as awareness, grievance redressal, feedback about the programmes, physical verification, etc., in its ambit. It is more similar to the concept of Performance Audit. Further, the depths and details up to which social audit goes for examination is not possible in any other evaluation or feedback mechanism. Therefore, when conducted effectively it can provide valuable feedback on efficiency of a government programme. Even Supreme Audit Institutions can use this information while conducting the risk analysis for prioritizing audit issues. Based on its soundness, SAIs can also use evidences and reports generated by social audit in their audit to highlight various issues in important programmes.
The average cost of a SA per gram panchayat is between $76 to $ 150. (inclusive of establishment costs), based on the Andhra experience. However, the impact of the SA have been many folds.
Social Audit Public Hearing perform three key functions: 1) First it produces informed citizens; 2) Second it encourages citizens to participate in local affairs through the provision of information and social audit 3) Third it helps to create a sense of civic responsibility by bringing people together to address issues of collective concerns. The social audit process also enables people to be aware of their rights and entitlements and offer a space and mechanisms through which these rights can be exercised.
Numerous qualitative [ref] and [ref] quantitative impact evaluation studies [ref] on the implementation of Social Audit in Andhra Pradesh have proved that Social Audit has successfully established itself as a low-cost and powerful participatory tool that can raise awareness & strengthen accountability in public program implementation.
Using a unique panel data set assembled from official social audit reports, a study on "Social audits and MGNREGA delivery: Lessons from Andhra Pradesh " [ref] conducted by Farzana Afridi from Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi & Vegard Iversen from the University of Manchester suggests that there is a definitive increase in beneficiary awareness of entitlements and learning with repeated audits in Andhra Pradesh. The study also found that the cost of conducting social audits is 1% of annual expenditure of the overall budget of a specific welfare program, therefore making it a low cost mechanism to improve delivery through community monitoring.
After a few rounds of social audit in the state of A.P. it was observed by Afridi & Iversen
that there is a shift in the pattern of irregularities. There is an increase in harder-to-detect materials-related irregularities and decrease in the number of easy-to-detect irregularities. Thus it can be concluded that while the top down and participatory elements of the audit process have been effective in detecting irregularities, the audits are not an effective deterrent to corruption but merely shifted the corruption from regular to hard to detect types.
The AP experience has uniquely benefited from the top level and strong political commitment to the social audit process. The state and the various political parties that were in power since 2007 have also demonstrated a strong willingness to experiment with the use of technology and other mechanisms to strengthen monitoring and the quality of service delivery (Murali 2013). These favourable initial conditions have, no doubt, critically aided and bolstered the potential of the social audit process in AP. Needless to say, India's landmark Access to Information Law (2005) provided the enabling environment for the successful implementation of the social audit experience.
Following are a few key conditions for success for social audit:
Coalitions at the frontline: Bringing politicians, local officials and other vested interests on board with the social audit process through continuous dialogue is essential. This requires regular training and interactions between social auditors and others. In case of Andhra Pradesh, the Rural Development Dept. has played a very supportive role in this entire process. The social audit team is given complete autonomy by the Department in its everyday functions. To ensure the smooth conduct of the audit and the full support and cooperation from local officials, the government from time to time issues various orders detailing rules and procedures related to the audit. These orders are essential as they have given social auditors easy access to government records as well as made it incumbent of local officials to participate in the public hearings and respond to social audit findings.
Strong record keeping: Regular, accessible information is the bedrock of a social audit. Steps must be taken to computerize record management at every level of the implementation chain so that information requests for social audits can be easily responded to.
Cost: The cost implication of social audit is another factor militating against its establishment. To incorporate social auditing into official operations requires a functional institutional mechanism adequately staffed with qualified personnel. For governments and civil society groups alike; it also requires continuous training for individuals recruited to work at the community level. Beyond building personnel technical capacity, availability of facilities, office supplies, communications equipment and means of transportation are all necessary to actually implement social audits. In case of Andhra Pradesh, the cost comes from the budget of the welfare program it is monitoring.
Effective follow-up and grievance redress: Building a grievance redress system that is empowered to take action is essential to ensuring accountability through social audits. Some important questions to consider in designing a grievance redress structure include: should follow-up action be outsourced to an independent grievance redress cell? If so, what should the structure of such a cell be? Where should it be housed? Who should it report to? What should its functions and powers include? How will it hold other government departments accountable?
Legal Grounding: Given that public servants are the people whose activities are subjected to scrutiny, social auditing tends to breed fierce opposition from them. Their antagonism manifests in failure to release relevant public information applied for by citizens. This is particularly the case where the law is silent on sanctions against such actions. Opposition to social audit could also take the form of loss of files containing such information. A legal grounding of the Indian social audit mechanisms [ref] helped to overcome this opposition to a great extent.
A key lesson for A.P. and for states emulating the A.P. model would thus be to ensure that social audits culminate in the type of enforceable and credible 'contract' that allocates responsibilities, defines timelines and ensures those who have been found guilty of irregularities are promptly punished. The credibility of the social audit process rests ultimately on the ability and willingness of the state government to take effective remedial action and punish offenders.
Access to Information: The right to freedom of information underpins the ability of citizens to effectively hold their leaders to account. Because public officials are not known for disclosure of public information, a legal regime which confers on citizens the right to access and obtain public information is indispensable. In India, before the state of Rajasthan enacted a Right to Information law, the MKSS was limited in its efforts and achievements in monitoring public development programs.
Political Will: AP social audit experience shows that, if willing, state can organize, mobilize and institutionalize tools such as social audit to proactively open itself to scrutinize by public. In case of A.P. the political will came from both politicians and bureaucrats especially at the Department of Rural Development. State officials were also willing to enter into a dynamic partnership with a CSO, MKSS.
Principles of Public Participation in Fiscal Policy
The principles best illustrated by the mechanism are:
– Openness: The process is open, information is provided about the purpose and scope of the public engagement. In addition, the outcomes of social audit can be followed through the relevant ministry's website by the public.
– Transparency: The process is transparent since the social auditors are provided with sufficient information in order to undertake the audit. There is also transparency in the sense that the social audit is conducted by an independent board, housed under the Department of Rural Development and all the information is available online pertaining to this independent board (SSSAT).
–Sustainability: This is a long-term and ongoing process, it has taken on an institutionalized format and it is an integral part of the implementation plan for the Ministry of Rural Development process.
–Inclusiveness: The social process aims to be inclusive of all groups through inviting villagers as to act as social auditors. The project is also inclusive since each and every local government is audited.
–Respect for self-expression: This mechanism allows communities to express their interests freely within the framework of JanSunwai.
Country Context
Type of Government
India is a federation with a parliamentary system with a population of 1.2 billion people. It is a republic and representative democracy, in which "majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law". Federalism in India defines the power distribution between the federal government and the states. The Constitution was adopted t was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950.
Open Budget Survey
On the 2015 Open Budget Survey, India scored 46 overall and 19 for public participation. The Survey noted that the India government "provides the public with limited budget information" and "is weak in providing the public with opportunities to engage in the budget process ." [ref]


This device consists of four independent high-gain frequency-compensated operational amplifiers that are designed specifically to operate from a single supply over a wide range of voltages. Operation from split supplies is possible when the difference between the two supplies is 3 V to 26 V (3 V to 32 V for V-suffixed devices), and VCCis at least 1.5 V more positive than the input common-mode voltage. The low supply-current drain is independent of the magnitude of the supply voltage. Applications include transducer amplifiers, dc amplification blocks, and all the conventional operational-amplifier circuits that now can be more easily implemented in single-supply-voltage systems. For example, the LM2902 can be operated directly from the standard 5-V supply that is used in digital systems and easily provides the required interface electronics without requiring additional ±15-V supplies.