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Home / Scottish Brick and Tile Industry / Giffnock Brickworks, Thornliebank, Giffnock, East Renfrewshire
Giffnock Brickworks, Thornliebank, Giffnock, East Renfrewshire
Jordanhill Brickworks were in operation until the raw materials were exhausted in 1928. From them were drawn the bricks for part of Glasgow Corporation's housing estate at Knightswood. Whitewashed low roofed houses occupied by workers in the brickfields while modern buildings were raised around them struck a note of incongruity for a year or two. But there was something even odder – a truck barrier erected by the earlier mining company to keep out any enterprising trader hawking his goods, because that Company had a provision store of its own, and dwellers in the rows were expected to make all their purchases at the store. The Coltness Company wanted to remove that barrier but under its lease, it was not allowed.
When Jordanhill Brickworks were closed the machinery was transferred to the old colliery at Giffnock, on the other side of Glasgow. Giffnock Brickworks remained until 1942 when the lease ran out. The plant was then dismantled.
01/04/1932 – On Thursday evening of last week a deputation from the foremen employed at Coltness Ironworks, Newmains met Mr A.G. Telfer at Whitestripe House and presented him with a writing bureau on the occasion of his approaching marriage … also … Midway in the programme Mr A. M. Ritchie, on behalf of the officials, staff and workers of the Coltness Iron Company's Newmains and Glasgow offices, the employees of the sanitary fireclay works, Royal George washer, briquette works and Hallcraig and Giffnock Brickworks and slag crusher, presented Mr Telfer with a valuable canteen of cutlery and fittingly expressed the good wishes of the subscribers for the future health and happiness of Mr Teller and his bride to be …
1934 – Wishaw Press – Coltness Iron Company year-end report 31/12/1933 … Hallcraig and Giffnock Brickworks have been on full production throughout the year. Additional kilns have been erected at Giffnock. Newmains Brickwork, producing sanitary fireclay goods has only been partly employed.
18/12/1939 – Daily Record – Reference to the employees of the Giffnock Brickworks, Thornliebank donating money to the 'Jocks Box Fund'.
14/05/1940 – Daily Record – Reference to the Coltness Iron Co's Giffnock Brickworks donating money to the 'Jocks Box Fund'.
Tagged with: Coltness Iron Company, Giffnock, Jordanhill
Previous Article Calton Brick and Tile Works, Glasgow
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Coltness 30
Found by Michael Fallone in the Glasgow area. Mayfield Brickworks, Carluke, Lanarkshire. Alternative brickworks include: Newmains Fireclay Works, Morningside, Lanarkshire, Stepends Brickworks, Airdrie, Lanarkshire. .
Newmains Fireclay Works, Morningside, Lanarkshire, North Lanarkshire
Canmore Records of Coltness Iron Co Ltd, coal and iron masters and steel and brick manufacturers, Newmains, South Lanarkshire, Scotland The Coltness Iron Co Ltd, Newmains, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, was established in the 19th century by Henry Houldsworth and his brother, Thomas. The brothers settled for the board and financial control, leaving the technical business of…
Knightswood Brickworks, Knightswood, Glasgow.
Canmore Kenneth Sanderson states in his book The Scottish Refractory Industry 1830 – 1980 – "Hurll owned brick building works and associated clay pits at Garscube, Maryhill, Knightswood, Yoker and Garscadden, all in the Glasgow area. Garscube made sewage pipes on an early Pullen and Mann machine, using fireclays sent from Glenboig. The British Clayworker…
The local industries of Glasgow and West of Scotland.
Published in 1901. The following are the brick references contained within. Bricks are largely made from the laminated clay beds of the raised beaches and of interglacial position, as also from the boulder clay, which is cleared of stones for that purpose. The fire clay beds of the coal measures and millstone grit series afford good material for…
Coltness 63″
Found in Glenboig Village. Mayfield Brickworks, Carluke, Lanarkshire. Alternative brickworks include: Newmains Fireclay Works, Morningside, Lanarkshire, Stepends Brickworks, Airdrie, Lanarkshire. .
Found in Glenboig Village by Eddie McLean. Mayfield Brickworks, Carluke, Lanarkshire. Alternative brickworks include: Newmains Fireclay Works, Morningside, Lanarkshire, Stepends Brickworks, Airdrie, Lanarkshire. . .
Mayfield Brickworks, Carluke, South Lanarkshire.
Mayfield Brickworks, Carluke, South Lanarkshire. Info 14/12/1934 – Carluke and Lanark Gazette – Suggestion put forward to manufacture bricks at Mayfield, Carluke and utilising the unused tors there. 21/12/1945 – Carluke and Lanark Gazette – New brickwork for Carluke – There is a likelihood of a new brickwork being started in Carluke. The Coltness Iron…
Scottish bricks found on Trinidad
The following photos were kindly supplied by Tony Bedassie who found these bricks on a beach in Trinidad. Etna, Patent R.Brown Paisley, Gartcraig Patent Glasgow, Patent Wilson & Son Glasgow, Glenboig, Gartcosh, Allan & Man Govan Patent Glasgow, Atlas and possibly Coltness. Etna Brickworks, Armadale, West Lothian. Alternative brickworks include: West Works, Armadale, West Lothian….
Coltness
Found at Auchenheath, Lanarkshire. Note the unusual, albeit not unique, 'eye lid' covering the top right of the frog. Mayfield Brickworks, Carluke, Lanarkshire. Alternative brickworks include: Newmains Fireclay Works, Morningside, Lanarkshire, Stepends Brickworks, Airdrie, Lanarkshire. Below – The same stamp on a brick with a similar but differently placed 'eyelid'. Found by Eddie McLean in the…


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Home | The Centre | Events | Publications | Site Map | Contact Us
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EVENTS - Cyberspace Law and Policy Series
Programmes from particular years
CLE conferences
LawTechTalks
Event programmes for specific years
CLE and conferences on cyberspace law
The Cyberspace Law and Policy Centreat UNSW holds public seminars and conferences on cyberspace law and policy, and practical workshops covering 'the nuts and bolts' of dealing with certain issues and procedures.They generally run for a half or one day, although some run for two days also as academic conferences. These are run in conjunction with UNSW Law Faculty's Centre for Continuing Legal Education (CLE),who take registrations, and they entitle legal practitioner attendees to credits for mandatory CLE. They are intended to be of interest to professionals, academics and advocates from a range of relevant disciplines.
LawTechTalks and seminars
Starting 2003 we deliver an ad hoc series of short talks and seminars on a diverse range of cyberspace issues presented by expert visitors and researchers. Those held on campus at UNSW are usually called 'LawTechTalks'. The Centre and its partners invite interested students and academics of many disciplines, as well as advocates, media, policymakers and practitioners. The format is typically a 40 minute paper then 20 minutes for discussion. (Attendance at UNSW venues is free. Members of the public may also be able to attend outside sessions free or at a moderate cost.)
Symposia on public policy in cyberspace
From 2002 the Centre hosted a series of expert symposia on 'Public Policy in Cyberspace'. These symposia are usually half or one day meetings to which the Centre invites policy makers, technical and legal experts involved in an area of cyberspace regulation and policy where there are important public interest issues to be decided. The format is based around a structured, round table discussion, not the presentation of prepared papers. Invited participants can attend sessions free or at a moderate cost.
For further information on these events, please contact our office.
URL: http://www.cyberlawcentre.org/events.htm

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The detention of ethnic Pashtun activists in Pakistan this week has reopened long-standing tensions with neighboring Afghanistan, with Afghan President Ashraf Ghani expressing "serious concerns" about Islamabad's treatment of the peaceful protesters.
Another U.S.-Russian nuclear treaty could soon expire without renewal following Washington's withdrawal from a Cold War-era arms-control pact, a senior Russian diplomat has said.
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo has told allies that the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria is not "the end of America's fight" against the extremist group Islamic State (IS), which he said remained a dangerous threat.
Turkey has denounced French President Emmanuel Macron's decision to set April 24 as a day to commemorate the "Armenian genocide" as political manipulation.
The leaders of NATO's 29 member states will hold a special summit in London in December to mark the alliance's 70th anniversary, Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said on February 6.
Two journalists have been shot and killed after unidentified gunmen stormed a radio station in northeastern Afghanistan, their colleagues and officials say, the latest deadly attack on reporters in the war-torn country.
Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu says Moscow will push to develop two new land-based missile systems before 2021 in response to Washington's planned exit from a landmark nuclear arms control agreement.
The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times both reported that the U.S. attorney's office in Manhattan issued a subpoena seeking information on the committee's donors and event attendees, ticket details, federal disclosure filings, and other details.


Rita Dove, long an icon in the poetry world, creates memorable poems that often tie to history: personal or in the public domain. Her poetry has often spoken to me directly, uncovering some undiscovered thing that I wouldn't have thought of in a million years. These two poems, one personal and the other public-historical (a note follows with context, and it is a powerful portrayal of human oppression and cruelty), are each unforgettable in different ways.
in the palace, its feathers parsley green.
and then the mountain we call in whispers Katalina.
The children gnaw their teeth to arrowheads.
El General has found his word: perejil.
in our dreams, lashed by wind and streaming.
Out of the swamp the cane appears.
The word the general's chosen is parsley.
dusted with sugar on a bed of lace.
splashes the tip of his right boot.
My mother, my love in death.
for a single, beautiful word.
NOTES: On October 2, 1937, Rafael Trujillo (1891-1961), dictator of the Dominican Republic, ordered 20,000 blacks killed because they could not pronounce the letter "r" in perejil, the Spanish word for parsley.


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Read Next Joss Whedon Denies Threatening Gal Gadot, Says 'English Is Not Her First Language'
May 23, 2018 10:01PM ET
Pusha-T Details Kanye West-Produced 'Daytona' Album
West guests on album track, "What Would Meek Do?"
Kory Grow
@korygrow	Follow
Kory Grow's Most Recent Stories
Jawbreaker Finally Plot 'Dear You' 25th-Anniversary Tour Two Years Late
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Madison McGaw/BFA/REX/Shutterstock
Pusha-T has finally released the details for his third solo album, Daytona, due out digitally on Friday. The seven-song record was produced by Kanye West, who guests on the track "What Would Meek Do?" Pusha-T reportedly spent more than a year working on the record.
"Daytona represents the fact that I have the luxury of time," the rapper said in a statement. "That luxury only comes when you have a skill set that your confident in. … Literally, this is nothing more than the outcome of our music-therapy sessions."
Pusha-T will appear on Jimmy Kimmel Live! on May 31st before a short tour of what his label describes as "intimate performances of the album," the dates for which are forthcoming.
In addition to working on Daytona, Pusha-T has been active in the last year appearing on other artists' releases. He rapped on "Good Goodbye," a track on Linkin Park's One More Light last year and collaborated with Gorillaz on "Let Me Out," a track off their Humanz record. He also assisted former Swedish House Mafia producer Steve Angello on his song "Freedom," which appeared on his two-track EP Inferno Chapter II.
Earlier this spring, West tweeted that he'd been "chopping samples from the sunken place" for a number of upcoming LPs he was producing, including Pusha-T's.
Daytona Track List
1. "If You Know You Know"
2. "The Games We Play"
3. "Hard Piano," featuring Rick Ross
4. "Come Back Baby"
5. "Santeria"
6. "What Would Meek Do?" featuring Kanye West
7. "Infrared"
In This Article: Hip-Hop,	Kanye West,	Pusha T


Monticello is located in northern Jefferson County at 30°32′41″N 83°52′02″W / 30.544612°N 83.867321°W / 30.544612; -83.867321.  U.S. Route 90 runs through the center of the city as Washington Street, leading east 16 miles (26 km) to Greenville and west 26 miles (42 km) to Tallahassee. U.S. Route 19 passes through the city center on Jefferson Street, leading south 10 miles (16 km) to Capps and north 22 miles (35 km) to Thomasville, Georgia. The two highways meet in the center of Monticello at Courthouse Circle, which surrounds the Jefferson County Courthouse. US-19 leads south from the courthouse 5 miles (8 km) to Interstate 10 at Exit 225. I-10 leads west 25 miles (40 km) to Tallahassee and east 82 miles (132 km) to Lake City.
As of the census  of 2000, there were 2,533 people, 973 households, and 664 families residing in the city. The population density was 749.4 people per square mile (289.3/km²). There were 1,088 housing units at an average density of 321.9 per square mile (124.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 47.06% White, 50.85% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.43% from other races, and 0.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.30% of the population.
In the city, the population was spread out with 25.1% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.3 males.
The Perkins Opera House is a 19th century mercantile building that was adapted for use as a theater. It hosts regular musical performances, as well as theater productions and musicals. The first floor ballroom also holds receptions on a regular basis.
^ "Mayor Tom Vogelgesang resigns office -". 6 April 2017.
^ a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Monticello city, Florida". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
^ "Monticello, Florida Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase.
^ "Record Highs: Florida's Warmest Days". Climate Design. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
^ "Weatherbase.com". Weatherbase. 2013. Retrieved on October 15, 2013.


This 64-72 Chevrolet floor pan brace is a must replace item when you are replacing any portion of your floor pan. This brace provides support and rigidity to your floor pan, so it is a good idea to replace your rusted original. This Chevrolet floor brace features the correct contours as well as cage nuts.


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package opendct.channel;

import opendct.capture.CaptureDevice;
import opendct.capture.CaptureDeviceType;
import opendct.sagetv.SageTVManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;

public class OfflineChannelScan {
    private final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(OfflineChannelScan.class);

    // This indicates if a complete scan has completed.
    private volatile boolean complete = false;
    // This indicates if the offline scan is in progress.
    private AtomicBoolean running = new AtomicBoolean(false);
    // This tells the offline scanning threads to stop.
    private volatile boolean stop = false;

    private ExecutorService executorService = null;
    private CountDownLatch completeLatch = null;

    private long startTime = 0;
    private long endTime = 0;
    private long totalChannels = 0;
    private int totalCaptureDevices = 0;
    private ArrayList<TVChannel> scannedChannels = new ArrayList<TVChannel>();
    private final Object scannedChannelsLock = new Object();

    public final String SCAN_NAME;
    public final CaptureDeviceType[] CAPTURE_DEVICE_TYPES;
    public final String[] CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAMES;

    /**
     * Create a new offline scanning device group.
     *
     * @param scanName           This is the name of the group to be created.
     * @param captureDeviceTypes These are the capture device type to be used for this scan. All
     *                           currently available devices of this type will be used in the
     *                           channel scan.
     */
    public OfflineChannelScan(String scanName, CaptureDeviceType... captureDeviceTypes) {
        SCAN_NAME = scanName;
        CAPTURE_DEVICE_TYPES = captureDeviceTypes;
        CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAMES = new String[0];
    }

    /**
     * Create a new offline scanning device group.
     *
     * @param scanName           This is the name of the group to be created.
     * @param captureDeviceNames These are the names of the capture devices to be used for this
     *                           scan. These names will be used to look up the capture devices. A
     *                           String is used instead of the actual object so that we don't
     *                           accidentally retain "stale" capture devices. The scan will only
     *                           fail if it is interrupted or there are no capture devices
     *                           available.
     */
    public OfflineChannelScan(String scanName, String... captureDeviceNames) {
        SCAN_NAME = scanName;
        CAPTURE_DEVICE_TYPES = new CaptureDeviceType[0];
        this.CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAMES = captureDeviceNames;
    }

    /**
     * Has a channel scan been successfully completed?
     *

     * If you started a channel scan and it stopped, but this value is still false then the
     * channel scan failed. This value should only be checked after checking isRunning() to
     * be sure the scan is no longer in progress. Otherwise it will be hard to tell what this value
     * is really telling you.
     *
     * @return
     */
    public synchronized boolean isComplete() {
        return complete;
    }

    /**
     * Is a channel scan currently in progress?
     *
     * @return true if a channel scan is currently in progress.
     */
    public synchronized boolean isRunning() {
        return running.get();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current average scanning time per channel.
     *

     * This is the aggregate average of the parallel processing. That means that if it takes 1 tuner
     * individually 6 seconds to scan a channel and we have 6 capture devices, the average will be 1
     * second since they are being processed in parallel resulting in overall higher throughput.
     *
     * @return The average time to scan a channel or -1 if a scan has never been executed.
     */
    public long getScanAverage() {
        long channels;
        long end;

        if (completeLatch != null) {
            channels = totalChannels - completeLatch.getCount();
        } else {
            return -1;
        }

        if (isRunning()) {
            end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        } else if (startTime < endTime) {
            end = endTime;
        } else {
            return -1;
        }

        // This means we are at the start of offline processing, so we don't really have an average
        // yet, but we do have the time elapsed for the first scan which is better than nothing.
        if (channels == 0 && totalCaptureDevices > 0) {
            return (end - startTime) / totalCaptureDevices;
        } else if (channels == 0) {
            return end - startTime;
        }

        return ((end - startTime) / channels);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the time in milliseconds the scan has taken.
     *

     * If the scan has completed, this will be the total time of the scan to that time.
     *
     * @return The time in milliseconds the scan has taken. If no scan was ever started, this value
     * should be 0.
     */
    public long getScanTime() {
        long end;

        if (isRunning()) {
            end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        } else if (startTime < endTime) {
            end = endTime;
        } else {
            return 0;
        }

        return end - startTime;
    }

    /**
     * Get the number of capture devices used in the current/last scan.
     *
     * @return The number of capture devices. It will return 0 if a scan was never executed or if
     * the last scan couldn't find any capture devices.
     */
    public int getTotalCaptureDevices() {
        return totalCaptureDevices;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the currently scanned channels for the most recent offline scan request and then
     * clears the list.
     *

     * This method ensures that all channels returned are new ones.
     *
     * @return The channels that have been scanned so far, not in any particular order.
     */
    public ArrayList<TVChannel> getScannedChannelsAndClear() {
        ArrayList<TVChannel> returnList = null;

        // Once the array list pointer is copied to another array list and a new array is
        // initialized in it's place, we no longer need the lock.
        synchronized (scannedChannelsLock) {
            returnList = scannedChannels;
            scannedChannels = new ArrayList<TVChannel>();
        }

        return returnList;
    }

    /**
     * All scanned channels are added through this method.
     *

     * This method is thread-safe, but can represent a choking point for all channel scanning
     * threads since they can only access this one at a time.
     *
     * @param tvChannel The channel to be added to the list.
     */
    private void addScannedChannel(TVChannel tvChannel) {
        synchronized (scannedChannelsLock) {
            scannedChannels.add(tvChannel);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the numer of channels remaining to be scanned.
     *
     * @return The number of channels remaining or -1 if a scan has never been executed.
     */
    public long getRemainingChannels() {
        if (completeLatch != null) {
            return completeLatch.getCount();
        } else {
            return -1;
        }
    }

    public long getTotalChannels() {
        return totalChannels;
    }

    /**
     * Runs an offline channel scan using the provided channel map.
     *

     * This method will also automatically register this instance with the channel manager to handle
     * suspend and shutdown correctly.
     *
     * @param channels  This is a list of all of the channels to be scanned. If false is
     *                  returned this list may be partially updated. If this is not a copy of the
     *                  in use channel map, you must ensure that channels are not added or removed
     *                  during the scan.
     * @param scanDelay This is the delay in milliseconds between querying the capture device for
     *                  channel information.
     * @return true if the channel scan was started.
     */
    public synchronized boolean start(TVChannel channels[], final long scanDelay) {
        logger.entry(channels, scanDelay);

        // This needs to come first or this scan will think it's already in progres when all we did was set the flag.
        OfflineChannelScan currentChannelScan = ChannelManager.getOfflineChannelScan(this.SCAN_NAME);
        if (currentChannelScan != null && currentChannelScan.isRunning()) {
            logger.warn("An offline channel scan with the same name, '{}' is already in progress.", this.SCAN_NAME);
            return logger.exit(false);
        }

        if (running.getAndSet(true)) {
            logger.warn("An offline channel scan is already in progress.");
            return logger.exit(false);
        }

        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        HashSet<CaptureDevice> devices = new HashSet<CaptureDevice>();

        for (CaptureDeviceType captureDeviceType : CAPTURE_DEVICE_TYPES) {
            devices.addAll(SageTVManager.getAllSageTVCaptureDevices(captureDeviceType));
        }

        for (String captureDeviceName : CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAMES) {
            CaptureDevice captureDevice = SageTVManager.getSageTVCaptureDevice(captureDeviceName, true);

            if (devices.contains(captureDevice)) {
                continue;
            }

            devices.add(captureDevice);
        }

        if (devices.size() == 0) {
            logger.warn("Offline channel scan could not find any capture devices.");
            running.set(false);
            return logger.exit(false);
        }

        if (executorService != null) {
            try {
                while (!executorService.awaitTermination(2000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
                    logger.info("Waiting for last channel scan to completely stop...");
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                logger.debug("Offline channel scan was interrupted.");
                running.set(false);
                return logger.exit(false);
            }
        }

        final ArrayBlockingQueue<CaptureDevice> captureDevices = new ArrayBlockingQueue<CaptureDevice>(devices.size());

        boolean devicesUnlocked = false;

        // Since we separate ClearQAM from CableCARD we can safely assume all
        // DCT_INFINITV can tune the same channels unless you have multiple cable
        // providers which we will look at if that ever actually comes up.
        for (CaptureDevice device : devices) {
            if (!device.isInternalLocked()) {
                devicesUnlocked = true;
            }

            try {
                captureDevices.put(device);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                logger.debug("Offline channel scan was interrupted.");
                running.set(false);
                return logger.exit(false);
            }
        }

        // If there are no capture devices that will be able to do the scan right this instant,
        // there is no point in starting at this time.
        if (!devicesUnlocked) {
            logger.warn("Offline channel scan could not find any capture devices not currently in use.");
            running.set(false);
            return logger.exit(false);
        }

        executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(devices.size());
        totalCaptureDevices = devices.size();

        completeLatch = new CountDownLatch(channels.length);
        totalChannels = channels.length;
        scannedChannels.clear();

        complete = false;
        stop = false;

        // After this point, if we don't register with the channel manager, we cannot correctly stop
        // things if need to suspend or shutdown.
        ChannelManager.addOfflineChannelScan(this);

        for (final TVChannel channel : channels) {

            executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    Thread.currentThread().setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
                    Thread.currentThread().setName(SCAN_NAME + "-" + channel.getChannel() + "-" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + ":Unknown");

                    boolean result = false;
                    CaptureDevice captureDevice = null;

                    if (stop) {
                        executorService.shutdown();
                        while (completeLatch.getCount() > 0) {
                            completeLatch.countDown();
                        }
                    }

                    int retry = 10;
                    while (!result && !stop && retry-- > 0) {
                        try {
                            captureDevice = captureDevices.take();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            logger.debug("The offline channel scan has been interrupted => ", e);
                            stop = true;
                            completeLatch.countDown();
                            break;
                        }

                        Thread.currentThread().setName(SCAN_NAME + "-" + channel.getChannel() + "-" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + ":" + captureDevice.getEncoderName());

                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(scanDelay);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            logger.debug("The offline channel scan has been interrupted => ", e);
                            stop = true;
                            completeLatch.countDown();
                            break;
                        }

                        if (!captureDevice.isInternalLocked()) {
                            logger.info("Scanning the channel '{}' ({}).", channel.getChannel(), channel.getName());
                            result = captureDevice.getChannelInfoOffline(channel, false);
                        } else {
                            // If the device is locked, it's not really fair to call this a failure.
                            retry++;
                        }

                        try {
                            captureDevices.put(captureDevice);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            logger.debug("The offline channel scan has been interrupted => ", e);
                            stop = true;
                            completeLatch.countDown();
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    if (retry == 0) {
                        logger.error("Unable to Scan channel {} ({}).", channel.getChannel(), channel.getName());
                        channel.setTunable(false);
                        addScannedChannel(channel);
                    } else if (!stop) {
                        logger.info("Scanned channel {} ({}). Signal strength is now '{}', CCI is now '{}' and tunable is now '{}'.", channel.getChannel(), channel.getName(), channel.getSignalStrength(), channel.getCci(), channel.isTunable());
                        addScannedChannel(channel);
                    }

                    completeLatch.countDown();

                    // This will free up the completion CountDownLatch if it's waiting.
                    if (stop) {
                        executorService.shutdown();
                        while (completeLatch.getCount() > 0) {
                            completeLatch.countDown();
                        }
                    }
                }
            });
        }

        // This is the always the last thread to stop because it waits for all other thread to
        // complete first.
        executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                Thread.currentThread().setName(SCAN_NAME + "-" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + ":ChannelScanMonitor");

                try {
                    completeLatch.await();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    stop = true;
                    logger.debug("The offline channel scan has been interrupted => ", e);
                }

                endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

                if (!stop) {
                    if (totalChannels > 0) {
                        logger.info("Completed offline channel scan after {}ms. The aggregate average was {}ms per channel.", endTime - startTime, (endTime - startTime) / totalChannels);
                    } else {
                        logger.info("Completed offline channel scan after {}ms.", endTime - startTime);
                    }
                    complete = true;
                } else {
                    logger.info("Failed offline channel scan after {}ms. There are no available tuning devices at this time.", endTime - startTime);
                    complete = false;
                }

                executorService.shutdown();
                running.set(false);
            }
        });

        return logger.exit(true);
    }

    /**
     * Call this method to block until the channel scan has completed.
     *
     * @throws InterruptedException Thrown if the current thread is interrupted.
     */
    public void blockUntilComplete() throws InterruptedException {
        logger.entry();

        if (completeLatch != null) {
            completeLatch.await();
        }

        running.set(false);

        logger.exit();
    }

    /**
     * Stop the current channel scan if it is in progress.
     *

     * This method will not wait for the scan completely stop before returning.
     */
    public synchronized void stop() {
        stop = true;
        if (executorService != null) {
            executorService.shutdown();
        }

        running.set(false);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


H+H on Bone Broth – Boil Your Bones!
We are often asked what our kitchen staple is – the one ingredient we couldn't cook or live without. The answer is simple: bone broth. It may not sound very glamorous but you'll soon see what all the fuss is about.
Bone broth is our secret weapon and is at the heart of our philosophy and everyday cooking. It is the basis for many of the 165 recipes from our debut book, The Art of Eating Well. It has been a principal food in the human diet for centuries and is loved the world over. No doubt your grandparents and parents will remember the stockpot simmering on the stove. Up until now bone broth had slightly fallen out of favour in the Western world, but quality food always comes back and it's recent revival means the act of boiling bones is back with a bang. Forget health fads and the latest hard to come by exotic ingredients, this is our ultimate superfood.
Just as green juice is the super concentrate of green vegetables, bone broth is the essence of goodness that only animal foods can offer. Potent, enriching and overflowing with health benefits, it is a champion all rounder. Bone broth is packed with protein, vitamins, minerals, collagen and keratin, making it amazing for skin, digestion and even the dreaded cellulite!
In need of a gut-healing, easy-to-digest source of nourishment and energy that doesn't make you crash or give you caffeine-like jitters? Here's your answer.
Quite simply, it's just bones, water and a really long simmer. A few bay leaves if we have them and a squeeze of something acidic like lemon juice or apple cider vinegar to help further extract nutrients. This simple concoction becomes the perfect base for easy soups and stews, which make for everyday, sustainable, healthy home cooking. Cherished in traditional cuisine, bone broth is grounding, nourishing and frugal.
Bone Broth is key to gut health and good digestion – it's not just what you eat, it's what you digest that counts. Without a healthy gut lining, your body will not be able to efficiently digest and absorb vital minerals and nutrients. So even if you are eating nourishing foods, you may not be getting all their benefits. To help heal a damaged gut lining, you need large amounts of easily digestible substances like amino acids, gelatin, glucosamine, fats, vitamins and minerals, all found in good-quality bone broth.
Why do you call it 'bone broth' not stock?
We often get asked what the difference is between 'bone broth' and 'stock'. Once upon a time they were the same thing, but nowadays stock can mean stock cubes, bouillon powder, veg stock and even ready-made 'fresh' stocks sold in packets and cans in supermarkets. These types of stock are produced for flavour, not always made from good ingredients or actual bones and can include a concoction of hydrolyzed protein and emulsifiers. Not only is it about the ingredients and the provenance of those ingredients but it's also about the methodology. Even a traditional stock from classic cooking will only have been cooked for 3 hours as opposed to the 6–24 hours of simmering needed to extract the goodness that we are after. 'Stock' can also refer to vegetable-only stocks while bone broth is always animal based.
This ancient, nourishing food is used in many traditional cuisines throughout the world – think Vietnamese Pho, Chinese egg drop soup, Japanese ramen, Jewish chicken soup, Russian borscht, Polish rosół and Italian broth (brodo). Bone broth is also becoming increasingly popular again thanks to renewed interest from nutritionists, as a tool for gut healing, and Paleo enthusiasts, who embrace it as part of their diet.
One thing we love about this kitchen staple is its versatility and simplicity. Make a big batch during your 'Sunday Cook-off' and freeze it to use throughout the week. The remains of your Sunday roast become a pot of simmering golden broth on Monday; blended into a vegetable soup it provides Wednesday's fuss-free supper, and served straight up with a splash of apple cider vinegar, it's an antidote for Saturday's hangover. Poured into your favourite mug it makes a soothing bedtime drink.
So what's the process? Making bone broth is a labour of love, care and attention, but not half as difficult as it may seem. Quite simply, it's just bones, water and a really long simmer.
On a day-to-day basis for our business (private clients and event catering for luxury brands like Louis Vuitton and Chanel) we make chicken and beef broth. These are a good place to start for newbies but lamb, game and fish (rich in iodine) is also delicious.
If we've enjoyed a meat roast, lamb chops, poached chicken or some delicious bone marrow for example, we'll save the bones and throw them in a pot for later so nothing is wasted. If you're new to making bone broth you may want to embellish it with aromatics such as carrots, leeks and peppercorns. Some of our Vietnamese friends insist on using meat as well as the bones (such as oxtail) for making the ultimate tasting broth for their pho but this is a more expensive way to do it. When sourcing broth bones we stick to the freebies (usually beef and lamb but not the bone marrow ones which are more expensive) and the inexpensive chicken carcasses from butchers – any meat left on them is a bonus.
We make our bone broth with a good old-fashioned pot on the stove or a handy slow cooker that allows you to step out of the kitchen without the worry of it evaporating away. Another method is with bit of kit that has fallen by the way side – the pressure cooker. We use a stainless steel pressure cooker to cook up broth in 3 hours. By cooking the broth at a higher pressure the nutrients are extracted at a faster rate. As a rule, the thicker the bones the more nutrients they have to give, so it's well worth cooking for a little longer or making 2 batches out of it. For example with beef bones we'll let them simmer away overnight, strain the broth and then top up with fresh water to cover and go again.
The sourcing of your ingredients is just as important, if not more so, than the preparation itself. With bone broth, high quality, naturally reared/organic bones are key. Get these from a good butcher to ensure they are free from synthetic hormones, pesticides and genetically modified feeds. It's all about provenance – a healthy animal is key for the nutrients that it can provide you. These bones used to be free, but as making bone broth has become popular again, good butchers are charging for them. Luckily they're still cheap* and if you look online, you can buy a box of bones direct from organic farms.
You can find all of our bone broth recipes and more in The Art Of Eating Well.
*Chicken carcasses tend to run from 50p to £1. Beef and lamb bones are usually free. Marrow bones can cost a little more.
See our Bone Broth recipe here.
Jasmine & Melissa's tips and tricks for making bone broth coming soon!
Just got the book from the library, got my bone broth in the slow cooker, and shoulder of lamb in the oven.
Can't wait for the broth I hope its as good as the girls say. Great book, I will be trying alot more of the recipes soon.
Hello H&H. I love your bone broth philosophy! I am making my own as we speak. I just need your advice on something – I'm using my new pressure cooker – and as I've seen that really, to get the best out of beef bones you should cook them for 48 hours (in the traditional pan) – I'm converting that to about 10 hours in a pressure cooker. Would you say that's about right? I've stopped cooking after 8 hours then topped up water now cooking for an extra 2. Please let me know if this is too long as I'm worried about losing nutrients. Thanks so much!
Thank you for the health and easy recipie .I can't wait for try those.
Chicken bone broth in the slow cooker… can't wait to taste it ! Thanks!
How was it Naomi? Remember to skim off all the lovely fats and save in a glass jar in the fridge for stirfries and roasts!
Made my first batch tonight with meaty beef bones – so excited!
Ahhh, didn't know I needed to skim off the fat from beef bone broth. All of my soups have had FULL FAT bone broth!
Hi Natasha. Don't worry too much – eating the full fat broth is also fine. Some people prefer it without and then it is easy to store the fat separately to use at a later stage.
I have just made my chicken bone broth . Just to clarify I did leave some chicken skin on ! Slow cooked with carrots & celery Was that correct ? It tastes oily is that the correct taste ?
Hi Wendy. It is fine to leave the skin on and also keep the carrots and celery in. Once it is done – you can drain out all the bits of chicken and vegetables. If you find it too fatty for your liking you can leave it in the fridge over night and then remove any hardened fat layer on top which we then usually keep in a clean glass jar in the fridge for stir frying with.


Tel Aviv, Israel And Vancouver, British Columbia /PRNewswire/ - Mey Ezor Dan announced today they will install a Nutrient Recovery Facility in partnership with Ostara at their Shafdan Wastewater Treatment Plant, located in the heart of Israel, serving a population equivalent of more than 2.5 million people in the greater Tel Aviv metropolitan area.
The Shafdan Wastewater Treatment Plant's unique method of using natural sand filtration to create reuse quality effluent water is one of only 30 projects in the world chosen by the United Nations to showcase the ability of local authorities to pro-actively deal with environmental problems. Once operational, the Ostara process will remove nutrients from Shafdan's wastewater stream and recover them to produce a high-value, continuous release fertiliser. This will be a key part of a current plant expansion project to recover more water and energy resources at the Shafdan facility.
"We are very excited to partner with Ostara to solve our nutrient removal issues. As nearly 100 per cent of our treatment water is recycled for irrigation, the Ostara process will be key to preventing phosphorus from internally recirculating within the plant, causing operational issues, as well as supporting the plant's innovative water recycling program," said Yuval Sela, Chief Engineer for the Shafdan facility.
Ostara's Pearl® process can recover 75 per cent or more of the phosphorus and up to 15 per cent of the ammonia-nitrogen from wastewater streams before they accumulate as struvite in pipes and equipment or recycle within the facility for re-treatment. Struvite is a cement-like scale in pipes caused by an excess of nutrients, and is common in facilities performing biological nutrient removal. Ostara's nutrient recovery system at the Shafdan Wastewater Treatment Plant will feature two Pearl® 10K reactors and employ WASSTRIP® (Waste Activated Sludge Stripping to Remove Internal Phosphorus), which enhances nutrient removal and recovery.
"We are very proud to partner with Mey Ezor Dan on this project as we share the same underlying value of the importance of transforming nutrients in wastewater into a precious resource," said Dan Parmar, Ostara's President and CEO. "The ability to be a key part of a solution to decrease phosphorus to improve treatment operations as part of an innovative system is a great opportunity for us."
Ostara helps protect precious water resources by changing the way cities around the world manage nutrients in wastewater streams. The company's Pearl® technology recovers phosphorus and nitrogen at municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants and transforms them into a high-value, eco-friendly fertilizer, Crystal Green®. The process greatly reduces nutrient management costs and helps plants meet increasingly stringent discharge limits while improving operating reliability. Crystal Green is the first continuous release granular fertilizer to provide Root-Activated™ phosphorus, nitrogen and magnesium (5-28-0 with 10%Mg), and is marketed through a global network of blenders and distributors to growers in the turf and agriculture sectors. Its unique Root-Activated™ mode of action improves crop yields, enhances turf performance and significantly reduces leaching and runoff, thus protecting local waterways from nutrient pollution. Ostara operates multiple facilities throughout North America and Europe. For more information, visit http://www.ostara.com and http://www.crystalgreen.com.
Mey Ezor Dan owns the Dan Region Wastewater Treatment Plant (SHAFDAN) in Rishon Letzion, approximately 10 km south of Tel Aviv. The plant currently treats 370,000 m/d of municipal wastewater from a population equivalent of over 2.5 million in the Greater Tel Aviv area, and is designed for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
Mey Ezor Dan recently completed a secondary treatment staging plan and a preliminary design for a 280,000 m/d biological nutrient removal (BNR) expansion to SHAFDAN. The expansion includes 2 multi-cell, step-feed BNR bioreactors, 12 large secondary clarifiers, and a process air building.


text:
Original Content by Mom's Gone Bronson
Giveaway Sponsored by Winning Moves Games
Sweet Cheeks Adventures is helping with promotion of this giveaway. Good Luck!!
Who doesn't want games this Christmas!? The more the merrier, and here are some favorites, even with a twist!
Check out Candy Land, Chutes and Ladders, Upwords and Connect 4: Twist & Turn!
Upwards is the game of words that builds up and out and over and makes spelling fun! You have to stay on your toes to out-match your opponents and this is a game the whole family can really get into and play!
Candy Land is the game that has, for years, given so much fun to so many families and keeps on giving, today! Even if you have younger players then this is a game that they can get into and play along with - my 4 year old especially loves it and is always happy to play!
Chutes and Ladders is a timeless game where you go around the board and up ladders or down chutes all depending on where the game takes you and you want to hope to find yourself at the end before other players! A quick and fun game for everyone, and a great starter game for the little ones!
Connect 4 Twist & Turn is a great spin (no pun intended) on the original Connect 4 game, but instead of just popping in pieces and making up a line, you can twist and turn the game around to make up your connections and win the game!
These and MANY more games are available at Winning Moves Games and you can ALSO enter to WIN the 4 games via the giveaway, below!
Winning Moves Games is delighted to giveaway 4 of their games, as pictured (or substitutes provided where necessary) to ONE winner, who will be contacted within 24 hours of giveaway end! This giveaway has simple entry requirements and will run through until December 21st, 2015! The winner will be notified via email and so please do sign up with a valid email address. I never use your email address for anything other than to contact you if you win. I do not share, sell or swap your personal information with anybody. Please be over 18 to enter and in the U.S.A. That's it! Enter, below...
Please follow Mom's Gone Bronson's Holiday Gift Guide via social media #mgbhgg, thank you!
Janet Gillich December 20, 2015 at 10:51 PM
Candyland is my all time favorite game


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Reasons to be Pretty Cancels Three Previews
by Broadway.com Staff • Mar 16, 2009
The producers of MCC Theater's Broadway transfer of Reasons to be Pretty by playwright Neil LaBute have announced the cancellation of three matinee preview performances due to scheduling conflicts. The show's March 15 matinee was canceled, as are upcoming afternoon performances on March 18 and March 21. Reasons to be Pretty, directed by Terry Kinney, is currently in previews at the Lyceum Theatre, with opening night set for April 2.
According to a press statement, cast newcomer and leading man Steven Pasquale and director Kinney both have long-standing television commitments to uphold Pasquale to shoot for the hit series Rescue Me and Kinney for the series The Unusuals. The canceled performances will allow both additional time to rehearse the show before its scheduled opening.
The third play in LaBute's trilogy of works on the country's obsession with beauty, Reasons to be Pretty follows a tightknit circle of factory workers as Greg Thomas Sadoski is thrown into turmoil when his off-hand remarks about a female co-worker's pretty face and his girlfriend's lack thereof get back to said girlfriend Marin Ireland. When Greg's best buddy Kent Pasquale and Kent's wife, Carly Piper Perabo, also enter into the picture, the emotional equation becomes exponentially more complicated.
Reasons to be Pretty received its New York premiere at the Lucille Lortel Theatre last season, starring Perabo, Sadoski, Allison Pill and Pablo Schreiber. The production features scenic design by David Gallo, costume design by Sarah J. Holden, lighting design by David Weiner, music and sound design by Rob Milburn and Michael Bodeen and fight direction by Manny Siverio.
Reasons to Be Pretty
This production ended its run on June 14, 2009


text:
The Coroner's Inquest
Jews and Modern Art
A Call to White Americans
What Drove Truman's Presidential Policy on Israel? Threats by Jews
German Translation Published: The Unholy War, Der Unheilige Krieg
After Tanks, the Boots: Thousands of US Troops On Way to Russian Frontier
The Total Collapse of America's Anglo-Saxon Ruling Class, part 1
Jews Puzzled: Trump Says Some "Anti-Semitic Attacks" May Be False Flags
Jews and Muslims Unite Against Whites
Bradford Hanson · 2 December, 2016
Stanley Bergman and Farooq Kathwari, co-chairmen of the US-based Muslim-Jewish Advisory Council; photo taken at the US embassy in Tel Aviv
Jews are "coming to the defense of mosques" — their own words — and supporting the Middle Eastern invasion of America.
SHERYL OLITZKY, a Jew, and Atiya Aftab, a Muslim, founded one of many growing Jewish-Muslim organizations.
They launched the "Sisterhood of Salaam Shalom" — today, the group has chapters in more than 50 cities.
The success of groups such as the Sisterhood point to a growing — and perhaps unprecedented — desire among American Muslims and Jews to work toward a common goal, some say.
Farooq Kathwari, the CEO of Ethan Allan Furniture and one of the Muslim public faces of the Muslim-Jewish Advisory Council
Over the years, "More people have become aware of their common faiths given the rise of toxic anti-Muslim, anti-Semitic hate," says Haroon Moghul, senior fellow and director of development at a shadowy NGO called "The Center for Global Policy," a New York think tank that has received huge sums from government contracts. "There's been a definite change, and for the better."
This spring, business, political, and religious leaders from both communities for the first time formed a joint advisory council that seeks to give the Muslim and Jewish Americans a national voice. And amid a post-election spike in anti-Islamic sentiment, local Jewish groups have stepped up their support for Muslims in their own communities.
When mosques in California this week received a threatening letter — real source unknown — calling Muslims "a vile and filthy people" and saying that President-elect Donald Trump "is going to do to you Muslims what Hitler did to the jews (sic)," Jewish groups were already waiting, prepared, and among the first to call Islamic organizations with offers of "help," according to Ojaala Ahmad, communications director for the Council on Islamic Relations in Los Angeles. The letter was also sent to mosques in several other states, including Georgia, Michigan, Ohio, and Rhode Island.
One Jewish group out of New Haven, Conn., started an online campaign to raise funds for a Muslim nonprofit, urging fellow Jews to "hold ourselves accountable for the intersectional oppressions Muslim people are facing, and honor and join the movements Muslim Americans are building to combat white supremacy and advocate for their rights."
"I think there's more of a sense of urgency," says Aftab at the Sisterhood. "We've heard from people all over the country, even all over the world, saying, 'I need to reach out and do something constructive rather than be affected by this fear in a negative way.' "
The coming together of these two non-European groups, despite decades of conflict on issues of foreign policy, represents a historic coalition, observers say.
After meeting at a local community center, Michelle Missaghieh, a rabbi, and Aziza Hasan, a mediator with years of experience in coalition-building, started organizing local meetings for women to study the Quran and Torah. The program became a key part of NewGround, a well-funded government-linked group that spends its money through programs, grants, internships, and even a "leadership council" for high school students.
Robert Silverman
The Muslim-Jewish Advisory Council (MJAC), which debuted just days after the election, claims to represent the "next step in community building" between the two groups. Its main goals are to work at the policy level to fight "discriminatory laws," as well as bolster support for coalition-building efforts like the Sisterhood and NewGround, says Robert Silverman — a Jew — the council's executive director. The group was co-founded by the American Jewish Committee. Stanley Bergman, another Jew, is the council's co-chairman. Prominent Muslim names have also been signed on to be the organization's public and legislative face.
MJAC has indicated its intentions to work with the incoming Trump administration to make policy. Not content with merely advising lawmakers and the administration, the group vows it will have a hand in drafting "laws against bigotry" and insuring that the flow of immigrants and "refugees" from the Middle East will neither slow nor stop: "We will work to draft policy proposals likely to make a concrete difference in people's lives."
"This new council adds a leadership, national-level body that can talk about things happening throughout the country and get some change done," Silverman continues. "You have to have community-based organizations; otherwise it's just a bunch of talking heads. But if it's only grassroots groups, it stays limited. You need both to work."
MJAC logo
Deborah Lipstadt, the litigous author of Denying the Holocaust who attacked and then fought historian David Irving in court in the 1990s, is among the new council's members. She said she considered the advisory group a "tentative early step" towards greater relations between Muslim and Jewish communities.
Source: Christian Science Monitor and National Vanguard correspondents
Government Wants to Control Your Car and Prevent You From 'Tinkering' Under DMCA Copyright
Manspreading for Lebensraum, Part 1
Misrepresentation of German Bombing Victims as Jewish Holocaust Victims by the World Jewish Congress
Memorial Day Memories
A Centennial You Should Notice
Jewish Takeover of Bloomingburg, NY: They Didn't Think the FBI Would Catch Them
Land of the Spree and Home of the Slave
The List of Forbidden Words
Tags:Americaanti-whiteJewsMuslims
Minneapolis: Somalis Rampage Through White Neighborhood Threatening Kidnap and Rape
Trumpery to the Fourth Power
Harvey Taylor
4 December, 2016 at 7:12 pm	— Reply
Joey Virgo
The group doesn't have chapters in more than 50 cities. It doesn't even have 50 chapters. It has the expectation of having such, but there are only 15 actually existing chapters, with plans to develop more, but certainly not 50.
https://sosspeace.org/what-we-do/join-interfaith-chapter/chapter-locations/
The MJAC has 31 initial members:
http://www.ajc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=7oJILSPwFfJSG&b=8479733&ct=14938217
Joey —
Thanks for the more accurate (I assume) information. Looks like either the SOSS Jewish group or the Christian Science Monitor (our source for the numbers) is lying — or both of them are.
Mr. Strom,
"I assume," as well.
I'm thinking they want to appear more threatening or challenging than they really are.
This is ridicule, the muslim letter sound soo fake. Also… Why are jews against the people of USA?
I'm tired of all this hate white bullshit. Latinamericans with white people!!! Stop the racism against white people.
White people aren't our enemies.


HMS Host is a division of Autogrill S.P.A., the world's largest food and beverage provider for travelers. It is recognized as the industry leader with locations worldwide. HMS Host contracted with Republic Energy Services to redesign and retrofit the lighting systems at the Starbucks locations throughout the Honolulu International Airport. The seven locations were retrofitted with high-efficiency lighting fixtures, ensuring significant energy consumption savings for them, while maintaining the distinctive look and feel of the Starbucks brand.


Off the Page 2! See you there?
We've had a great time designing and making set and costumes for 'Off the Page 2' in collaboration with Highly Sprung Performance as part of Warwickshire libraries Fantastic Fun with Words Festival.


I celebrated my birthday last week (and no, I'm not trolling for presents!) and I found myself oddly euphoric. I'm not complaining–I got a kick out of watching me enjoy myself so much–but I did want to know why I was so happy. Then I got it: I'm still here. The gift of life. I have paid lip service to the concept of living in the moment but by jingies I think I finally got it! It required a great number of birthdays to achieve this wisdom. I didn't need cake or champagne (and yes, I had both!) to fuel my celebration. The thought was sufficient: I'm still here. As a young woman I never marveled at the fact of my existence. Because the moments moved by so quickly? Do they pass more slowly now…or perhaps I have slowed. I'm still here and savoring every moment. Happy Birthday to me.
If you live in a state that holds a primary election today, as I do, please go vote. We know too well what can happen if we don't.
Claim your life's moments, Women.
A belated Happy Birthday to you, Penny. I share your happy feelings about being alive and I consider it one of the rewards of being older. We have time to notice and appreciate all the little miracles that surround us…the nest of newborn finches nestled in the flower box outside my bedroom window, the sun drops' bright yellow blossoms, my spouse staring at the calendar as she coordinates her planting dates with our vacation schedule.
Here's to your good health and more happy times! And yes, indeed, I'll be voting in November!
WOOOOOO! Happy B-Day! Thanks for the words.
Thank you, Women, for the warm birthday wishes. I continue to marvel at the gift of life that I enjoy. My warm good wishes to all of you. Back atop my soapbox next month!
I'll add my belated birthday wishes–let the celebration of life go on and on. Hope to see you in Las Vegas.


text:
Tag Archives: James Madison
EMPIRE OF LIBERTY
By Gordon Wood
The chapters and passages in Empire of Liberty about unpolitical, business affairs, social events and participating individuals are the strongest: Education, the arts, society, sociologies and cultural anthropologies of business, and the general thinking of Americans and their temper and mood. On that score the book is invaluable.
Exposition about the government, politics and the men is flawed. I observe in one Amazon criticism, the commentator states the book is episodic. To describe business and social activities, arrangements and the men by episode can make an accurate presentation. The actions and the individuals are usually isolated from one another.
Telling of national politics and the men in episodes tells nothing, no story and little about the men and the issues that were changing. This approach weakens Empire. These men – Madison, Jefferson, Hamilton, Washington and others – knew one another well. They acted and reacted, playing games against strengths and weaknesses of the others. Madison excelled at the game playing. He set things up, stepped back and watched.
He may have been the Father of the Constitution, and the Father of American Politics and the Father of the Bill of Rights, but for eight years 1815-1823, there was little or no political opposition in the United States. That was Madison.
All historians, political scientists and others rely on Madison's Notes of the Constitutional Convention, 1787. Yet in 1789 and after when Madison was in Congress guiding Revenue Bills though, establishing Cabinet offices, advancing the Bill of Rights, setting the Capital site, working on the debt, Empire inaccurately describes the proceedings and a culminating result in the Grand Compromise of 1790. No one believes or relies on Madison. Empire is remiss in this omission.
Consider corporations [Charters of Incorporation], an issue of 1791. The American colonial experience was the king's granting charters, thereby setting up monopolies. The East India Company of Tea Party fame was one such entity. Americans disfavored corporations. When Madison proposed during the Constitutional Convention to give Congress the power to grant charters(1787), it was rejected.
Empire presents the impression that charters of incorporation were well know and working in America. Its view is anachronistic, using law and facts of the 1880s. Two excellent attorneys/justices of the early Republic, James Wilson and John Marshall, dismissed the business form in the 1790s. A real go at incorporation was made by John Jacob Astor in 1807; it does not resemble anything presented in Empire. (See David Lavender, Fist In The Wilderness) [Note Abraham Lincoln studying law in Illinois during the 1830s found the corporate form new and interesting,
(David Herbert Donald, Lincoln)]
Note in Empire the text relies on the Dartmouth case (1819), 30 years after the first Congress. Chief Justice Marshall wrote the opinion but did not discuss the power to incorporate, or who had it. He interpreted the law, documents and contracts, and the Constitution.
Other errors in Empire suggest the author did not research and write the text, or he was exceedingly careless.
Page 446. George Mason, according to Madison's Notes of the Constitutional Convention, 1787, said almost nothing during debates. He did not favor the Council of Revision; James Wilson and James Madison vociferously supported this issue and suffered repeated defeats. George Mason wanted a Council of the Executive like the one existing in Virginia, to control the Governor. Mason had written the Virginia Constitution. At the national level such a Council would control the President.
After William Haller's books about Puritanism, no historian should ever call anyone in New England a Calvinist, a European term. In Empire the text does. However, the text reveals Presbyterians and Independents (Cromwell's sect) in the Dartmouth case. (Pilgrims were separatists.) Almost everyone else in the settling of New England was an Independent, to become known in the eighteenth century as Congregationalists.
Misquotes misrepresent Jefferson and Madison's opinions of the Constitution. Empire uses early quotes. Both men evolved in their thinking, leaving earlier opinions, like Hamilton's statements, historical additives and eccentricities. Indeed both Jefferson and Madison were willing to use precedent to sidestep Constitutional rigors. During the legislation and ratification of the Louisiana Purchase (1803), Rufus King wondered how they could change governmental power defined by the Constitution by using the Treaty Power. Jefferson and Madison merely used the same processes employed by the Federalists when they passed the Jay Treaty(1796). The same procedures were used at the end of the Mexican-American war (1848).
John Taylor of Caroline County (Virginia) is misrepresented. He is hardly the philosopher of the Republican Party. He had a father figure who lived close by, Edmund Pendleton, perhaps the best judge of the eighteenth century English world. Pendleton was known, respected and loved by everyone – Henry, Washington, Jefferson, Marshall. He was a confident of Madison's. How prominent was Pendleton, other than being on Virginia's highest court? In 1765 after it was discovered that John Robinson, Speaker of the House of Burgesses, had embezzled public funds, mostly giving the money to prominent Virginians, Pendleton undertook the task of getting the money back. By 1803 the job was not complete; he died. He left the work to John Marshall. In 1798 Pendleton published in newspapers a letter critical of President Adams, his administration and the Federalists. No one came down the lane to arrest Pendleton for violation of the Sedition Act. This is all to say that at best, John Taylor was a puppet for the men (Pendleton and Madison) pulling the strings in the backroom.
It is anachronistic as Empire does to view "null and void" as Southerners did in 1830-1865. Jefferson's draft of the Kentucky Resolutions, originally intended for North Carolina, was greatly changed by Wilson Cary Nicholas and the Kentucky Legislature. Jefferson proposed Committees of Correspondence in each state to communicate and to react to the Alien and Sedition Acts. (1798) What did Jefferson mean by "null and void?" He likely relied on the same definition used by that infamous radical/revolutionary, James Otis of Massachusetts (1764): "As the Acts of Parliament, An Act against the Constitution is void: An Act against natural Equity, it should be void; and if the Act of Parliament be made, in the very words of the Petition, it should be void." The word, null, has no legal impact without its mate void.
P. 184. Empire praises Hamilton's Pacificus essays, but they are difficult to defend. Facts deleted from Empire manifest Madison's response (Helvidius Essays) destroyed Hamilton's essays by citing The Federalist Papers, written by Hamilton, against assertions Pacificus.
Other issues of error and misrepresentation appear in Empire. One chapter is a mundane discussion of points of Judicial Review, a power given the Courts by the sovereign. In the 1780s Massachusetts abolished slavery within the state by Judicial Review (opinion and judgment). In Virginia the Court of Blair, Wythe, and Pendleton accepted the power; it was taught in law courses. John Marshall grew up knowing it, read the Constitution and participated in the Virginia Convention (1788). He further discussed all legal issues with Madison and Pendleton and others and was influenced long before the opinions of Marbury vs. Madison and other cases.
Err in Empire of Liberty distorts the politics and the economics, and a complete view of the 1789-1815 period; each wrong has not been set forth. In Empire men of the Early Republic are unknown to one another. Legislation and proposals are isolated and presented as surprises, oddities and ineffective efforts to accomplish their purposes. No man was correct all the time, but the sense that Hamilton is correct, is wrong. e.g. He was instrumental in his party's loss in the election of 1800, once again those facts being omitted from Empire.
Posted in Uncategorized	Tagged Alexander Hamilton, congretationists, constitutional convention 1787, council of review, criticism, dartmouth case, david lavender, Early American Republic, early incorporations, edmund pendleton, election of 1800, empire of liberty, fist in the wilderness, george mason, gordon wood, grand compromise of 1790, helvidius essays, history, James Madison, james otis, jay treaty, john marshall, judicial review, kentucky resolutions, louisiana purchase, mexcican-american war, null and void, pacificus essays, puritans, review, the federalist papers, Thomas Jefferson, United states supreme court, Writing, writing history as episodes
SUPREME COURT FOLLY – THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY
A criminal defendant has claimed his cell phone, indicating the approximate location where he is, should be protected under his right to privacy pursuant to the United States Constitution. Despite the dubiousness of this claim of privacy, the Supreme Court luggards might approach this claim and case in their traditional way, citing off-point cases to interpret the Fourth Amendment and relying on antiquated sources from the Ivy League – the Brandeis/Warren Law Review, 4 Harvard Law Review 184 (1890).
The Fourth Amendment reads,
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated and no Warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or Affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
The Fourth Amendment suggests guidelines, if the information sought is not public, or is using a public conveyance or utility. Once activities, thoughts, or actions come within the public's scrutiny or knowledge, a citizen loses many protections of the Fourth Amendment. When in public there is no reasonable expectation of privacy. If public, what is an "unreasonable search and seizure" becomes a much larger group of behaviors, acts and manifestations.
A proper analysis of the Right to Privacy is not found in the Fourth Amendment. It is found in the Ninth Amendment of the United States Constitution:
The Ninth Amendment infers the proper relationship between the American people and the national government. The Constitution is a grant of powers to the national government from the American people. Enumerated rights are listed, but it is an incomplete list. The First Congress and the writers of the Constitution did not want to construe, identify and enumerate all rights they could conceive. Thereafter, a right not listed could not be used by individuals against the national government. [This point was made clear in the Virginia Ratifying Convention, circa June 20, 1788, and related correspondence of James Madison, Edmund Pendleton and other delegates.)
What is the Right to Privacy? It was unknown during the country's founding. However today, all Americans rely on it but have vague ideas of what it means, what it covers and its full extent. The right to privacy, or something like it, appears in Constitutions and in statutes of other countries. Those sources can help define and describe, but any constructed right of the American people must be interpreted and consistent with all other sections and amendments of the Constitution, plus state and federal statutes.
In 1776 James Madison and George Mason, the primary writer of the Virginia State Constitution, made Freedom of Religion a basic right in the Virginia document. However, the state government taxed Virginians to pay the salaries and other expenses of church personnel and of churches. Madison and his constituents believed this government involvement favored certain sects over newer sects. In 1785 in the House of Burgesses Madison proposed passing an Establishment Clause for Virginia. Madison desired Freedom of Conscious – believe and think what you want. Do not expect Virginia to favor and support your beliefs. Madison set forth America criteria. His efforts were successful by 1786. Thereafter, churches (Episcopalians, Baptists, Methodists, Quakerism, Judaism ), on one hand, and Virginia, on the other hand, were separate.
In Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments (commonly known as Remonstrance) Madison construed the argument for the Establishment Clause in Virginia and for the first Right listed in the First Amendment of the United States Constitution: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion…" The Remonstrance is the only writing where Madison, a Constitutional master unique in all of history of this country or other countries, demonstrates in a flush of pure reason how to construct a Constitutional liberty or right. Madison sufficiently separates the Establishment of Religion from the Free Exercise of Religion.
No American has defined and demarcated any other individual or civic right so clearly and fully as Madison. The Remonstrance presents guidelines, arguments and analyses that Americans should follow regarding any right not enumerated under the Constitution i.e. the Ninth Amendment. The Right to Privacy, as an unenumerated Right under the Ninth Amendment, should require the justices of the Supreme Court begin the construction of that liberty.
What is privacy? What is public? What is semi-private? What is available to the public for a price? What is semi-public? The Fourth Amendment provides narrow guidelines – security in homes and of persons when there is no warrant. But when an individual is abroad – out-of-doors – everything changes. When making a telephone call on a network, the cops cannot listen without a warrants, but indivuduals sometimes listen in. With a cell phone every American can be located, approximately. Is an individual's location private when he is out in public? Perhaps in a public restroom although he can be arrested from that location.
The First Amendment – the right to free speech and the right to a free press – have greatly limited the right to privacy torts in civil law. There are dozens of exceptions and excuses from the tort. Again, the Brandeis/Warren article, cited above, urges strict guidelines, which no longer fit the modern society America finds itself in.
Brandeis and Warren like Madison in the Remonstrance noted changes in society and use the current state of American society to define and delineate a liberty. Likewise, privacy today should discuss the commercial realities, benefits and demerits. Today's case law reflects the move toward greater freedom of speech and the press; it disfavors privacy. Criminal law investigations, specially when documents, objects or speech is public, eliminates privacy.
Today, the collection of phone and cell tower data is not confined to law enforcement. Cell phone traffic and analyses allows providers to improve phone service. It lets cell phone makers improve phones and make their products more capable. And the gross data may let marketers provide goods and services where they are currently unavailable. Note when Samsung had issues of burning phones, it was imperative to contact and locate each of their phones and their owners, easily done because there was a customer list.
Most Americans believe this collection reasonable and beneficial to their society. Most information is available to non-government corporations and entities, businesses and enterprises without warrants, probable cause or reasonable suspicion. The investigation, investment and commerce flowing from data analyses makes life in America better.
If the data are misused, there may be violations of statutes. There are alternatives. If an American does not want to be located, approximately, turn off the phone designated to his name, and buy and use a burn phone. Note that phone purchase usually is monitored by cameras and memorialized by receipts – that investigation is not limited by an individual's privacy rights. Note further an individual does to have to use credit cards or retail membership cards, where data including locations are made. Get off the grid; Americans can use cash which is anonymous.
Attempting to weave the Right to Privacy around a semi-public instrumenting like a cell phone use requires detailed analysis which is convoluted, complicated and cannot not be part of a Constitutional Right. Note the length of the two Amendments, cited above, no longer than 75 words apiece. Principles and exceptions for the right of privacy for criminals in cell phone use would be prolix, unreasonable and unworkable. There would be no precedents, only singular exceptions.
It is noteworthy that third party claims to a Right to Privacy on behalf of customers can be affected by the ruling of cellphone location privacy rights. The secondary rights of a third party to claim privacy on behalf of customers who are usually criminal suspects is flimsy. Law enforcement officials usually have the suspect's cell phone and a warrant meeting all the requirements of the Fourth Amendment.
Corporate behaviors become more egregious when one realizes these corporations readily cooperate with foreign governments and provide access, information and account data accumulated from the customers in those countries. Yet they refuse to cooperate with the National government in criminal investigations.
Posted in Uncategorized	Tagged corporations and foreign governments, defining a right - liberty, establishment clause, folly, Fourth Amendment, James Madison, Madison's Remonstrance, Ninth Amendment, privacy and american circumstances, privacy rights, right to privacy, search and seizure, Supreme Court, unenunumerated rights, virginia 1788 ratifying convention, warrants
IF BY SEA
Posted on May 28, 2017 by michaelulinedwards
By George C. Daughan
This book tells of sea and lake battles and other activities of the United States Navy through 1815. The best chapters are of navel efforts during the American Revolutionary War. The author mentions but lacks detail about the ships and the weaponry: American ships were better constructed, why? They carried more cannons, and had better cannons than the British, French or Spanish. He also mentioned that the American sailor was well treated, although that policy did not last. (See Two Years Before the Mast)
The book is woefully short when it enters the fields of finance and politics. The author's reading of sources after 1789 is painfully incomplete. The United States had a huge debt which all the country wanted to pay or remove; Hamilton's initial effort to make all debt obligations of the federal govcrnment – like what happened after 2008 – failed. The Great Compromise of 1790 is partially relayed.
The author overlooks Hamilton's close relationship with a British espionage agent, Colonel Beckwith. He laments that Madison and Jefferson (Republicans) wanted to set and follow Constitutional rules and procedures. In 1795 Hamilton arranged for John Jay to negotiate the Jay Treaty (about trade) with Britain, yet Hamilton later called Jay "an old woman" for delivering such a lame treaty. The author also seems to approve of the Alien and Sedition Acts, despite the direct conflict with the First Amendment of the Constitution.
Much of what John Adams did as President is approved, although he was away from the seat of government for two years. Adams began building frigates, yet when war came 15 years later, those ships were bottled up in harbors or defeated on the seas, just as the Republicans said would happen during any war with the British. Adams did successfully negotiate a peace treaty with the French (1800).
In the meanwhile throughout Adam's administration, Hamilton was a war monger. He wanted to lead American forces to remove French and Spanish rule from North America with British backing. No American wanted that: Too much debt; too much military and war; too British – no American wanted the British close to American borders. Americans did not want to resume a political relationship with the British. Hamilton failed in his military ventures by 1800, and later that year he accused Adams of incompetence. [ Note that Aaron Burr took the plans of his good friend, Hamilton, and tried to make them work. He was accused of treason and put on trial, 1807.]
The Republicans willingness to favor peace and not increase the Navy or to finance campaigns left the waters calm. Diplomacy worked during the peace. The United States seemed a pacific nation. Napolean likely believed he would sell Louisiana to America and in the future reconquer it. For the price of the military budget for less than 20 years, the Republicans bought Louisiana and doubled the size of the country. The author of If By Sea pooh-poohs this second greatest accomplishment by American diplomats. Even Hamilton approved, and American finances did withstand the increase of debt.
The author is entirely correct that the Embargo of 1807 was ineffective and likely the wrong policy. As happens embargos were used and threatened (1794), and they were widely and popularly supported before and during the American Revolution. (see histories by T.H. Breen) There is no mention of this historical context in If By Sea, and the applicability of the policy, earlier, and other effects later.
A primary fact which allowed Americans to prevail on America's lakes during the War of 1812 was the British blockade. American shipping was at a standstill; no ships in, or out. Sailors went to the lakes. On the other hand the British were far from the ocean up a river frozen for half the year. They did not their Navy ships and sailors trapped, so the British were using trappers, farmers and fur traders as sailors. If the war had lasted into 1815, the British would have had a difficult time on the lakes.
Posted in Uncategorized	Tagged Alexander Hamilton, American Revolutionary War, American successful diplomacy, book review, Embargos, finance in early republic, history, James Madison, John Paul Jones, Lousiana Purchase, military history, Naval battles on Great Lakes, Navy, politics in early republic, Thomas Jefferson, War of 1812
NEW YORK CITIERS
Posted on August 31, 2013 by michaelulinedwards
NEW YORK CITIERS
Citizens of New York state are New Yorkers, but an odd breed of beings are New York Citiers. This has always been the case, noted during the American Revolution and through the Constitutional period. Three examples provide this distinction – the separation of New York Citiers from other Americans – and tell that New York Citiers are selfish, irrational, duplicitous, depraved and unreformable.
In 1775 New York Citiers were conflicted about the Britain and King or Americans and freedom. No one wanted to stand in one camp or the other: "…it had to receive the rebel generals on the same day that it must welcome back from a visit to England its royal governor…Fortunately, they landed there several hours apart, so that "the volunteer companies raised for the express purpose of rebellion," as the loyalist judge, Thomas Jones, put it, "the members of the Provincial Congress….the parsons of the dissenting meetinghouses, with all the leaders and partisans of faction and rebellion," would meet the generals at four in the afternoon, and conduct them to Leonard Lispenard's house, "amidst repeated shouts and huzzas," and, at nine o'clock, "the members of his Majesty's Council, the Judges of the Supreme Court, the Attorney General…the Clergymen of the Church of England," and so on, all the dignified, respectable, highly placed officials, "with a numerous train of his Majesty's loyal and well affected subjects," could meet the Governor and conduct him, "with universal shouts of applause," to the residence of Hugh Wallace, Esq. "But strange to relate… those very people who attended the rebel Generals in the morning… and now, one and all, joined in the Governor's train and with the loudest acclamations… welcomed him back to the colony…What a farce! What cursed hypocrisy!"
Christopher Ward, The War of the Revolution, NY, MacMillan, p. 102.
New York City was the last place on the original 13 states that the British occupied. The British liked the place and left their mark, concealing the abhorrent, sinful and arrogant attitudes and moods of the people existing in that place. I often wonder whether the negotiators of the 1783 Treaty of Paris did not make a mistake: Leave the British in possession of New York City in exchange for giving the United States of America Canada.
Of course, no one would trade New York City for twenty-five cents, so neither the Canadians nor the British would go for it today. New York City has one major drawback, its people:
"With all the opulence and splendor of this city, there is very little good breeding to be found. We have been treated with an assiduous respect. But I have not seen one real gentlemen, one well-bred man, since I came to town. At their entertainments there is no conversation that is agreeable.
There is no modesty, no attention to one another. They talk very loud, very fast and all together. If they ask you a question, before you can utter three words of your answer, they will break out upon you again, and talk again.
Page Smith, John Adams, NY, Doubleday, 1962, vol. 1, p. 166.
As stated, the primary economic activity of New York Citiers is talk, from any man or woman from that place. Americans get to experience New York City on TV every minute of every day. Almost every New York City journalist asks a very imperfect question and the interviewee guesses at the desired answer. The journalist, in New York Citier fashion just like John Adams reported, interrupts and sometimes answers his own question while arguing with the interviewee and asking another imperfect question. In that process a few dozen cliches, slogans and homilies, are spit out in an attempt to direct the interviewee onto the politically correct answer. New York Citiers are obviously eager to tell their individual stories to captive audiences and interviewees, silent and not heard. Any interviewee who doesn't comply with these broadcast rules is never interviewed again.
But talk is cheap, especially today when mouths are disconnected from brains frequently addled by chemicals or sheer ignorance. Excessive jabbering on TV comes from great insecurity, much like rulers of a totalitarian society: "…no matter how enlightened, [they] will never surrender – a constantly exercise – their power to hector, warn, and admonish, in brief to pester and bore their helpless subjects." (Adam Ulam, The Fall of the American University, N.Y., The Library Press, 1972, p. 170.)
Other than what New York Citiers chatter about incessantly today, like each of them is living in a Woody Allen movie, they were obsessively nonsensical in the 1780s. James Madison wrote George Washington a letter discussing the suitability of New York City as the capital of the United States, but he kept referring to the people of that place:
It seems to be particularly essential that an eye should be had in all our public arrangements to the accommodation of the Western Country, which perhaps cannot be sufficiently gratified at any rate, but which might be furnished with new fuel to its jealousy by being summoned to the sea-shore & almost at one end of the Continent. There are reasons, but of too confidential a nature for any other than verbal communication which make it of crucial importance…
The extreme eccentricity of [New York City] will certainly in my opinion being on a premature and consequently an improper choice. This policy [Capital of New York City] is avowed by some of the sticklers for this place, and is known to prevail with the bulk of them. People from the interior…will never patiently repeat their trips to this remote situation…
Papers of James Madison, vol 12, p. 343, August 24, 1788.
Madison is not the sort of person to come out and complain in a letter. He's willing to voice reasons and reactions to New York City in a personal meeting, but he couldn't avoid noting the extreme eccentricity present in 1788. It's more true today. It is a place that derives all the benefits of having 33,000 police officers on its force. How have those cops done? Street crime is down, but in New York City white collar crime is unknown. Did Wall Street executives always comply with all laws, from 2005-2010?
If New York City is the center of journalism, what did journalists do over the last ten years to uncover and report the greatest financial crimes committed since the 1920s? Have any articles examined or explained high speed trading strategies, and how those programs are analogous to "pooling" arrangements made by Wall Street traders 90 years ago? Has anyone ever noticed that in his book on the Great Depression, John Kenneth Galbraith has a chapter entitled, "In Goldman Sachs We Trust," and why is anyone trusting that institution and those people these days? New York City may be the center of advertising, but does anyone want to watch ads today? Larry and Darin did a lot better than the guys on "Madmen."
In the early 1970s Richard Nixon brought the country to its knees by depleting trust and confidence in government. In the last ten years through Wall Street New York Citiers have attacked America and Americans, and afterward seeking protection in security laws, in privilege and immunity, in trade secrets and confidence as well as a financial mafia pledged to silence. Trust and confidence nationwide remain uneasy. Any investor would have been better off investing with the mob, than with most institutions on Wall Street. New York Citiers turned their private exposure into public obligations through the obscenely wild expansion of debt and using the Federal Reserve balance sheet. This is the status of New York Citiers, nothing to applaud and everything to detest – pride and arrogance in their insularity. It has been a problem for this country since the founding.
Posted in Uncategorized	Tagged American Revolution, James Madison, John Adams, journalists, New York Citiers, New York City, New Yorker, pride-arrogance-privilege-immunities
A Particular Friend
Constitutional Politics 1788 – 1803
Posted in Uncategorized	Tagged Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, making the Constitution work, Thomas Jefferson, Washington


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A Sligo County Council area engineer will inspect the approach road into Mullaghmore for the need for traffic calming measures, says Council Senior Engineer Tom Brennan.
"This was brought to my attention a while ago. You then have the added problem of parking during the summer season.It would be worthwhile if the engineering department looked at it and looked at the possibilities at that particular location," said Cllr. Hubert Keaney.
"Mullaghmore gets very busy during the summer. Even flashing lights would be good, unless they're overly expensive," said Cllr. Seamus Kilgannon.
"They're not particularly expensive," said Tom Brennan. "We could apply to the department for those. We are advised against putting in ramps," he continued in response to Cllr. Keaney's query regarding the introduction of traffic calming measures in Mullaghmore.


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