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Justia Dockets & Filings Sixth Circuit Tennessee Middle District Taylor v. Wellpath Medical et al Filing 7
Taylor v. Wellpath Medical et al
MEMORANDUM OPINION OF THE COURT. Signed by District Judge Eli J. Richardson on 1/18/2023. (xc:Pro se party by regular mail.) (DOCKET TEXT SUMMARY ONLY-ATTORNEYS MUST OPEN THE PDF AND READ THE ORDER.)(mg)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE NASHVILLE DIVISION COREY TAYLOR, #508901, Plaintiff, v. WELLPATH MEDICAL, et al., Defendants. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) NO. 3:22-cv-00705 JUDGE RICHARDSON MEMORANDUM OPINION Corey Taylor, a pretrial detainee in the custody of the Davidson County Sheriff's Office in Nashville, Tennessee, filed this pro se action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against Wellpath Medical, Dr. Hoang Brian Nguyen, and "Davidson County Metropolitan Government," alleging violations of Plaintiff's civil and constitutional rights. (Doc. No. 1). Plaintiff also has filed two Applications for Leave to Proceed In Forma Pauperis. (Doc. Nos. 2, 5). I. APPLICATION FOR LEAVE TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS To file a civil lawsuit, a plaintiff must submit the civil filing fee or an application for leave to proceed in forma pauperis. In addition, if seeking pauper status, a plaintiff must provide a certified copy of his inmate trust fund account statement for the 6-month period immediately preceding the filing of his complaint as required by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(2). While Plaintiff has filed an Application for Leave to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (Doc. No. 5),1 he has not submitted a certified copy of his inmate trust fund account statement. However, Plaintiff states that he has attempted to obtain the required statement "several times" but "was told 1 His applications are largely the same in content. The Court will proceed using the later-filed Application. Case 3:22-cv-00705 Document 7 Filed 01/18/23 Page 1 of 12 PageID #: 19 that DSCO staff cannot sign such documents" because "this is a temporary facility." (Doc. No. 6 at 1). Plaintiff points out that he has experienced this same issue in another case before The Honorable William L. Campbell, Jr., Corey Taylor v. E. Byers, No. 3:22-cv-00689 (M.D. Tenn. filed 9/06/2022), and the Court granted pauper status to Plaintiff. Plaintiff states that he has no valuable property or assets of any kind and does not own bank accounts, stocks, securities, or bonds. (Doc. No. 5 at 1, 2). Plaintiff further states that he is the father of four children, and he is unable to provide for them due to his incarceration. (Id. at 2). It appears that Plaintiff has attempted to comply with Section 1915(a)(2) and has been unable to do so for reasons beyond his control. The Court finds that, under the specific circumstances described by the Court in Plaintiff's case against E. Byers (see Case No. 3:22-cv-00689, Doc. No. 12 at 1-2) which the Court finds to be the same in this case, Plaintiff has made a good faith effort to obtain pauper status with proper documentation. See Michael Kilpatrick v. James O'Rouke, No. 3:16cv-01840 (M.D. Tenn. 2016) (Sharp., J.) (Doc. No. 3 at 2) (if jail officials refuse to cooperate with plaintiff's efforts to get his inmate account statement certified, plaintiff may submit a signed statement to the court detailing his attempts to comply with the court's order). Accordingly, Plaintiff's Application (Doc. No. 5) will be granted. Should the Court discover at any point that Plaintiff has falsely represented the amount in his inmate trust account, Plaintiff's pauper status could be revoked and Plaintiff will be required to pay the full civil filing fee of $402 in one payment to proceed with this action. II. SCREENING OF THE COMPLAINT A. PLRA SCREENING STANDARD The complaint is before the Court for an initial review pursuant to the Prison Litigation Reform Act ("PLRA"), 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2) and 1915A. Case 3:22-cv-00705 Document 7 Filed 01/18/23 Page 2 of 12 PageID #: 20 Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B), the court must dismiss any portion of a civil complaint filed in forma pauperis that fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, is frivolous, or seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. Section 1915A similarly requires initial review of any "complaint in a civil action in which a prisoner seeks redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity," id. § 1915A(a), and summary dismissal of the complaint on the same grounds as those articulated in Section 1915(e)(2)(B). Id. § 1915A(b). The court must construe a pro se complaint liberally, United States v. Smotherman, 838 F.3d 736, 739 (6th Cir. 2016) (citing Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007)), and accept the plaintiff's factual allegations as true unless they are entirely without credibility. See Thomas v. Eby, 481 F.3d 434, 437 (6th Cir. 2007) (citing Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 33 (1992)). Although pro se pleadings are to be held to a less stringent standard than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers, Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520–21 (1972); Jourdan v. Jabe, 951 F.2d 108, 110 (6th Cir. 1991), the courts' "duty to be 'less stringent' with pro se complaints does not require us to conjure up [unpleaded] allegations." McDonald v. Hall, 610 F.2d 16, 19 (1st Cir. 1979) (citation omitted). B. SECTION 1983 STANDARD Title 42 U.S.C. § 1983 creates a cause of action against any person who, acting under color of state law, abridges "rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws . . . ." To state a claim under Section 1983, a plaintiff must allege and show two elements: (1) that he was deprived of a right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States; and (2) that the deprivation was caused by a person acting under color of state law. Dominguez v. Corr. Med. Servs., 555 F.3d 543, 549 (6th Cir. 2009) (quoting Sigley v. City of Panama Heights, 437 F.3d 527, 533 (6th Cir. 2006)); 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Case 3:22-cv-00705 Document 7 Filed 01/18/23 Page 3 of 12 PageID #: 21 C. FACTS ALLEGED IN THE COMPLAINT The facts set forth below are taken from the complaint and, except as indicated otherwise, accepted as true for current purposes. while detained at the Davidson County Sheriff's Office, Plaintiff began experiencing "large white patches inside his mouth that [were] also on his gums and lips . . . . followed by blistering wart type of bumps." (Doc. No. 1 at 1). Plaintiff complained about these symptoms shortly after his March 15, 2022, intake at the Davidson County Sheriff's Office. On an undisclosed date prior to Plaintiff's first biopsy, Dr. Nguyen prescribed fluocinonide cream for Plaintiff's symptoms. (Id. at 4). Plaintiff was not responsive to the cream. On or about May 12, 2022, Dr. Nguyen performed a biopsy of Plaintiff's lower right and left gum and the roof of Plaintiff's mouth. Dr. Nguyen indicated that, if Plaintiff's symptoms were due to lichen planus,2 "it is a serious medical issue [be]cause it's known to cause cancer." (Id.) After receiving the biopsy results, Dr. Nguyen failed to follow-up with Plaintiff. Instead, Dr. Nguyen scheduled Plaintiff for another visit in six months. Dr. Nguyen had learned that Plaintiff's condition was, in fact, oral lichen planus. During the three-and-a-half-month period following the biopsy, Plaintiff "suffered continuously with blistering inflammation on his gums [and] bur[n]ing whenever he'd eat or drink", and his gums rescinded. (Id. at 2). Plaintiff sought medical assistance, and Dr. f/n/u Finley "did what she felt was best" and sent Plaintiff to an outside rheumatologist and then to an outside oral surgeon. 2 According to the Mayo Clinic, oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes inside the mouth. See https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-lichen-planus/symptoms-causes/syc20350869 (last visited January 4, 2023). These lesions may cause burning, pain, or other discomfort. Id. "Symptoms can usually be managed, but people who have oral lichen planus need regular monitoring because they may be at risk of developing mouth cancer in the affected areas." Id. Case 3:22-cv-00705 Document 7 Filed 01/18/23 Page 4 of 12 PageID #: 22 (Id.)3 Plaintiff continued to suffer "so severely he has not slept many nights due to the pain [and] fear and worry of possibly contracting cancer due to Dr. Nguyen constantly neglecting Taylor." (Id.) After just over three months had passed, Dr. Nguyen examined Plaintiff again due to "medical staff pressing the issue and Taylor's several complaints." (Id.) Dr. Nguyen performed another biopsy after observing several blisters in Plaintiff's mouth. He injected Plaintiff's gums with steroids and told Plaintiff that he needs to be on a "constant dose" of steroids because he could develop oral cancer. (Id. at 3). Dr. Nguyen recommended that Plaintiff be seen by a rheumatologist on a regular basis. According to Plaintiff, Wellpath Medical is not "adhering unto [Dr. Nguyen's] medical treatment rapidly." (Id.) Plaintiff has not been prescribed steroids. He "is forced to still place sick calls" and is only seen during nurse sick call "when this matter sh[ould] be routine[] and Taylor seen on an urgent care basis." (Id.) On August 29, 2022, Dr. Nguyen performed another biopsy on Plaintiff and stitched Plaintiff. The stitch came undone shortly after leaving the medical unit. Plaintiff informed an officer, who immediately contacted the medical unit. "Medical" responded by telling the officer to tell Plaintiff "to put in a sick call." (Id. at 4). Plaintiff has since been in pain and his lip has not healed properly. A Wellpath Medical policy exists that results in staff ignoring the medical needs of pretrial detainees housed at the Davidson County Sheriff's Office because the facility "is a short term facility so it is only limited care and treatment that can and will be provided." (Id.) The complaint further alleges that "Metro Government" is "the moving force behind Wellpath Medical," (id.), though the Court does not accept this allegation as true because it is too ambiguous; the Court does not know what "moving force" means in this context. 3 It is unclear from Plaintiff's narrative whether Plaintiff alleges that Dr. Finley sent Plaintiff to outside specialists before or after Dr. Nguyen confirmed that Plaintiff has lichen planus. Case 3:22-cv-00705 Document 7 Filed 01/18/23 Page 5 of 12 PageID #: 23 As relief, Plaintiff seeks an injunction, declaratory judgment, compensatory damages in the amount of $1.5 million, punitive damages in the amount of $75,000, as well as other particulars. (Id.) D. ANALYSIS 1. Deliberate Indifference to Serious Medical Needs Claims In his complaint, Plaintiff cites the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution in support of his deliberate indifference to serious medical needs claims. (Doc. No. 1 at 1). The Eighth Amendment protects against "cruel and unusual punishments." U.S. Const. amend. VIII. For persons who are incarcerated, "prison officials must ensure that inmates receive adequate food, clothing, shelter, and medical care." Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 832 (1994). When prison officials are "deliberate[ly] indifferen[t]" to a prisoner's "objectively . . . serious" needs, they violate the Eighth Amendment. Id. at 834 (quotations omitted). Deliberate indifference includes objective and subjective aspects: (1) a substantial (objective) risk of serious harm and (2) the official's (subjective) knowledge and disregard of that substantial risk. Id. Deliberate indifference "entails something more than mere negligence." Id. at 835. Instead, the Eighth Amendment standard is akin to criminal recklessness, requiring actual awareness of the substantial risk. Id. at 839-40. But the Eighth Amendment applies only to "those convicted of crimes." Ingraham v. Wright, 430 U.S. 651, 664 (1977). It "does not apply to pretrial detainees," like Taylor. Greene v. Crawford County, 22 F.4th 593, 605 (6th Cir. 2022). Instead, "[p]retrial detainees are analogously protected under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment," which incorporates similar protections against custodians of pretrial detainees. Blackmore v. Kalamazoo Cnty., 390 F.3d 890, 895 (6th Cir. 2004). As a sister court noted, "the standard for inadequate-medical-care claims brought by pretrial detainees has been in flux in the Sixth Circuit." Henry v. Fentress, No. 4:22CV-P82-JHM, 2022 WL Case 3:22-cv-00705 Document 7 Filed 01/18/23 Page 6 of 12 PageID #: 24 17670457, at *3 (W.D. Ky. Dec. 14, 2022). In Greene v. Crawford Cnty., 22 F.4th 593 (6th Cir. 2022), the Sixth Circuit clarified the standard as follows: Brawner [v. Crawford Cnty, 14 F. 4th 592 (6th Cir. 2022)] modified the second prong of the deliberate indifference test applied to pretrial detainees to require only recklessness: "A pretrial detainee must prove 'more than negligence but less than subjective intent—something akin to reckless disregard.'" Brawner, 14 F.4th at 597 (6th Cir. 2021) (quoting Castro v. Cnty. of Los Angeles, 833 F.3d 1060, 1071 (9th Cir. 2016) (en banc)). In other words, a plaintiff must prove that the defendant acted "deliberately (not accidentally), [and] also recklessly in the face of an unjustifiably high risk of harm that is either known or so obvious that it should be known." Id. (citation and quotation marks omitted). Id. at 605-06. Subsequently, the Sixth Circuit decided Trozzi v. Lake Cnty., 29 F.4th 745 (6th Cir. 2022), which articulated the modified standard as follows: [A] plaintiff must satisfy three elements: (1) the plaintiff had an objectively serious medical need; (2) a reasonable officer at the scene (knowing what the particular jail official knew at the time of the incident) would have understood that the detainee's medical needs subjected the detainee to an excessive risk of harm; and (3) the prison official knew that his failure to respond would pose a serious risk to the pretrial detainee and ignored that risk. Id. at 757. The Court pointed out that this standard still "ensur[es] that there is a sufficiently culpable mental state to satisfy the [ ]high bar[ ] for constitutional torts grounded in a substantive due process violation." Id. at 758. A showing of "mere negligence is insufficient." Id. at 753 (citing Brawner, 14 F.4th at 596). Because Plaintiff is a pretrial detainee, his claims of deliberate indifference to medical needs fall under the Fourteenth Amendment. "Dental needs fall into the category of serious medical needs because dental care is one of the most important needs of inmates." Flanory v. Bonn, 604 F.3d 249, 253 (6th Cir. 2010) (quoting McCarthy v. Place, 313 F. App'x 810, 814 (6th Cir. 2008)) (internal quotation marks omitted). Here, Plaintiff names three Defendants to his claims of deliberate indifference to serious medical needs under Section 1983: Wellpath Medical, Dr. Hoang Brian Nguyen, and "Davidson County Metropolitan Government." Case 3:22-cv-00705 Document 7 Filed 01/18/23 Page 7 of 12 PageID #: 25 a. Wellpath Medical Persons or entities that act "under color of state law" are subject to suit under Section 1983. See Handy-Clay v. City of Memphis, Tenn., 695 F.3d 531, 539 (6th Cir. 2012) (citations omitted) (explaining that one element of a Section 1983 claim is that "a defendant acted under color of state law"). "Private individuals may be considered state actors . . . if they are 'clothed with the authority of state law.'" Carl v. Muskegon Cnty., 763 F.3d 592, 595 (6th Cir. 2014) (quoting United States v. Classic, 313 U.S. 299, 326 (1941)). Defendant Wellpath Medical, the medical and dental care provider for the Davidson County Sheriff's Office, is a state actor here. See Montgomery v. Wellpath Med., No. 3:19-cv-00675, 2020 WL 636581, at *4 (M.D. Tenn. Feb. 10, 2020) (permitting a Section 1983 claim to proceed against Wellpath Medical as a state actor) (citing Starcher v. Corr. Med. Sys., Inc., 7 F. App'x 459, 465 (6th Cir. 2001) (finding that corporate provider of medical services to jail inmates is "clearly a state actor" under § 1983 and, like the county that operates the jail, can only be liable for harm directly caused by the execution of its policy)). To state a claim under Section 1983 against Wellpath Medical, Plaintiff must allege that Wellpath Medical had a policy or custom that directly caused Plaintiff to suffer a constitutional violation. Savoie v. Martin, 673 F.3d 488, 494 (6th Cir. 2012) (citing Miller v. Sanilac Cnty., 606 F.3d 240, 255 (6th Cir. 2010)). Here, the complaint alleges that Plaintiff had an objectively serious medical need: oral lichen planus and corresponding symptoms, including pain. For purposes of this initial review, the Court presumes that Plaintiff's alleged oral lichen planus constitutes an objectively serious medical need under the standard in our circuit for inadequate-medical-care claims brought by pretrial detainees. The complaint further alleges that Wellpath Medical, through its physicians and staff, was aware that Plaintiff's medical need necessitated certain treatment (regular steroid injections and monitoring by a rheumatologist); Wellpath Medical knew that failure to provide that treatment would Case 3:22-cv-00705 Document 7 Filed 01/18/23 Page 8 of 12 PageID #: 26 pose a serious risk to Plaintiff (contracting cancer); Wellpath Medical's employees ignored the risk to Plaintiff, relying on a policy of denying such services based on the jail being "a short time facility"; and Plaintiff was injured as a result of Wellpath's policies and employees' actions.4 Viewing the pro se complaint's allegations liberally, the Court finds that these allegations state a colorable Fourteenth Amendment claim against Wellpath Medical under Section 1983.5 See Montgomery v. Wellpath Med., No. 3:19-cv-00675, 2022 WL 3589571, at *8 (M.D. Tenn. Aug. 22, 2022) (finding prisoner-plaintiff's allegation, liberally construed, sufficient to support the reasonable inference that Metro had a policy of denying certain forms of dental treatment to persons detained at the Davidson County Jail based on its status as a "'short-term facility.'")). This claim shall proceed for further development. b. Dr. Nguyen The complaint names Dr. Nguyen as a Defendant in his individual and official capacities. (Doc. No. 1 at 3). When a defendant is sued in his or her official capacity as an employee of the government, the lawsuit is directed against "the entity for which the officer is an agent." Pusey v. City of Youngstown, 11 F.3d 652, 657 (6th Cir. 1993). Here, the complaint alleges that Dr. Nguyen is an employee of Wellpath Medical. Thus, Plaintiff's official capacity claim against Dr. Nguyen is duplicative of Plaintiff's claim against Wellpath Medical, which the Court addressed above, and will be dismissed. 4 The complaint alleges that Dr. Nguyen, a Wellpath Medical employee, acted negligently (which is insufficient to meet the modified Fourteenth Amendment standard) and with deliberate indifference (which exceeds the standard). However, Plaintiff arguably brings a state law negligence claim in addition to his federal claims, and his pro se complaint is not structured to discuss each claim separately. 5 It is not clear at this point if the policy is put forward by Metro or by Wellpath Medical, or both. For purposes of the PLRA screening, the Court will permit Plaintiff's deliberate indifference claims to proceed against Wellpath Medical and Metro. Ultimately, Plaintiff is responsible for proving such policy exists and which entity is responsible for the policy, among other elements. Case 3:22-cv-00705 Document 7 Filed 01/18/23 Page 9 of 12 PageID #: 27 With respect to Plaintiff's claim against Dr. Nguyen in his individual capacity, the Court must determine whether the complaint alleges that Dr. Nguyen acted with reckless disregard to Plaintiff's serious medical needs. According to the complaint, once Plaintiff's biopsy confirmed that Plaintiff has oral lichen planus, Dr. Nguyen was aware that Plaintiff's medical need necessitated certain treatment (regular steroid injections and monitoring by a rheumatologist); Dr. Nguyen knew that failure to provide that treatment would subject Plaintiff to an excessive risk of harm (contracting cancer); and Dr. Nguyen ignored that risk by failing to ensure that Plaintiff received the regular steroid injections and monitoring by an outside rheumatologist. These allegations could support a delay-oftreatment claim. See Kimbrough v. Core Civic, No. 1:19-cv-00048, 2019 WL 2501558, at *2 (M.D. Tenn. June 17, 2019) ("Where the alleged constitutional violation is a delay in medical treatment for a serious medical need, a slightly different analysis is employed to determine whether a plaintiff has satisfied the objective element of the test."). Although it is a close call, considering the evolving standard for these types of claims in this Circuit, the Court finds that this claim should proceed for further development. c. The Metropolitan Government The complaint also names "Davidson County Metropolitan Government" as a Defendant to this action. The Court infers that, by "Davidson County Metropolitan Government", Plaintiff means the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, which the Court will refer to as Metro. A claim of governmental liability requires a showing that the alleged misconduct is the result of a policy, statement, regulation, decision, or custom promulgated by a county or its agent. Monell Dep't of Social Svcs., 436 U.S. 658, 690-691 (1978). In short, for Metro to be liable to Plaintiff under Section 1983, there must be a direct causal link between an official policy or custom and the alleged violation of Plaintiff's constitutional rights. City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378, 385 (1989); Case 3:22-cv-00705 Document 7 Filed 01/18/23 Page 10 of 12 PageID #: 28 Burgess v. Fisher, 735 F.3d 462, 478 (6th Cir .2013) (citing Monell v. Dep't of Soc. Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 693 (1978)); Regets v. City of Plymouth, 568 F. App'x 380, 2014 WL 2596562, at *12 (6th Cir. 2014) (quoting Slusher v. Carson, 540 F.3d 449, 456-57 (6th Cir. 2008)). A plaintiff can make a showing of an illegal policy or custom by demonstrating one of the following: (1) the existence of an illegal official policy or legislative enactment; (2) that an official with final decision-making authority ratified illegal actions; (3) the existence of a policy of inadequate training or supervision; or (4) the existence of a custom or tolerance or acquiescence of federal rights violations. Burgess, 735 F.3d at 478. Because Plaintiff alleges that the physicians' refusal to provide appropriate treatment to Plaintiff reflects a policy of denying such treatment based on the jail being a "short term facility", and because it is not clear at this point whether the alleged policy is put forward by Metro or by Wellpath Medical, or both, this claim will proceed against Metro. See Montgomery, 2020 WL 636581, at *4. The Court notes that, to ultimately prevail on this claim against Metro, Plaintiff must show a direct causal link between an official policy or custom of Metro and the alleged violation of Plaintiff's constitutional rights. See City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378, 385 (1989) (citing Monell, 436 U.S. at 694-95) ("[A] municipality can be found liable under § 1983 only where the municipality itself causes the constitutional violation at issue" through execution of its own policies or customs). The required causal link is not crystal clear from the complaint. However, at this early state of the proceedings and considering Plaintiff's pro se status, the Court finds that it is appropriate to allow this claim to proceed for more development. 2. State Law Claims Plaintiff arguably asserts, in addition to his federal claims, state-law claims of negligence and intentional infliction of emotional distress against the named Defendants. (See Doc. No. 1 at 3, 4). These state-law claims will be allowed to proceed under the Court's supplemental jurisdiction because Case 3:22-cv-00705 Document 7 Filed 01/18/23 Page 11 of 12 PageID #: 29 they concern part of the same controversy as the federal claims. See 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a) ("[I]n any civil action of which the district courts have original jurisdiction, the district courts shall have supplemental jurisdiction over all other claims that are so related to claims in the action within such original jurisdiction that they form part of the same case or controversy . . . ."). III. CONCLUSION Plaintiff's Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (Doc. No. 5) will be granted. Having screened the complaint pursuant to the PRLA, the Court finds that Plaintiff's allegations state colorable Fourteenth Amendment deliberate indifference to serious medical needs claims under Section 1983 against Wellpath Medical, Dr. Nguyen in his individual capacity, and Metropolitan Government and Davidson County. These claims shall proceed. Plaintiff's Section 1983 claims against Dr. Nguyen in his official capacity is duplicative of Plaintiff's claim against Wellpath Medical. The claim, therefore, will be dismissed. An appropriate Order will be entered. ____________________________________ ELI RICHARDSON UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE Case 3:22-cv-00705 Document 7 Filed 01/18/23 Page 12 of 12 PageID #: 30


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Harper takes shot at crude rail transport
Prime Minister Stephen Harper speaks to business leaders in New York this week: The message was, the Keystone XL pipeline would be a less risky way to transport heavy crude to the U.S. East Coast.
ADRIAN WYLD/CP
Shawn McCarthyGlobal Energy reporter
Published May 17, 2013 Updated May 11, 2018
PBF Energy Inc. is making a big bet to bring Alberta crude by train to its refinery near Philadelphia. The company is already receiving 40,000 barrels per day of Alberta's oil sands bitumen by rail at its Delaware City refinery on the U.S. East Coast, and is working to double that capacity to 80,000 barrels each day.
But the rail strategy of PBF and other energy players took a knock this week from Prime Minister Stephen Harper, who questioned the environmental impacts of crude-by-rail.
PBF has invested heavily in its rail handling capacity at the 190,000-barrel-per-day refinery on the Delaware River south of Philadelphia – the only one on the U.S. east coast capable of processing Canadian heavy crude. Receiving both bitumen and light oil by rail from western North America, PBF can now accommodate two "unit trains," the 100-car configuration that is increasingly used to carry crude oil around the continent.
PBF chairman Thomas O'Malley was given a chance to boast about his company's plans when he was among several American executives who met with Mr. Harper in New York this week. But before that meeting, the Prime Minister questioned the use of rail to move crude, telling a meeting at the Council on Foreign Relations that the North America's growing reliance on crude trains is "more environmentally challenging" than building pipelines.
Mr. Harper was plugging for Washington's approval of the Keystone XL pipeline, and suggested Canada would move increasing quantities of crude to the U.S. markets whatever President Barack Obama decides on Keystone. But in the absence of new pipelines, the industry will turn to the railways to get the crude to market, the prime minister said, adding that trend raises "the real environmental issue" in the debate over TransCanada Corp.'s Keystone project.
His comments echoed TransCanada Corp. chief executive Russ Girling, who has warned that a failure to approve Keystone would backfire environmentally by forcing the industry to rely more heavily on rail transport.
Mr. O'Malley wasn't available for comment Friday, but PBF spokesman Michael Karlovich said the industry's growing use of rail does not pose an environmental threat.
"Railroads and pipelines are both safe, reliable modes of transport," he said in an e-mail. "We are confident that the railroads that haul our crude oil and products in both Canada and the United States are fully committed to safe, reliable operations."
Industry associations in Canada and the U.S. insists their members' safety record compares favourably with the pipelines. The Association of American Railroads argues that pipeline companies spill more crude – as a percentage of volume carried – than railways, though the number of accidents is higher for trains. An association fact sheet says that, in 2012, trains spilled 0.00006 per cent of their crude cargo and pipelines lost 0.0005 per cent of theirs.
Michael Bourque, president of the Railway Association of Canada, said the crude-carrying trains are 2.7 times more energy-efficient – per barrel per kilometre – than pipelines, and therefore emit less of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide per barrel in transporting the oil. "On the GHG side, we are highly fuel efficient," he said. " Our GHG intensity, we believe, is less than that of pipelines."
But the rail companies have been a fairly minor players in moving crude around the continent, and their safety record will be challenged as they move rapidly growing numbers of 100-car trains through large cities and heavily populated suburbs.
The U.S. Department of Transportation supports Mr. Harper's contention that pipelines pose less environmental risk in moving crude than rail. In a review of oil-and-gas pipeline safety completed last fall, U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood said: "Pipelines are the safest way to deliver these resources."
In a report released this week, the International Energy Agency said U.S. shipments of crude by rail are forecast to reach 680,000 barrels per day this year from just 20,000 barrels in 2009. It said Alberta rail shipments will reach 500,000 barrels per day by 2015 compared with 200,000 barrels currently. The IEA also said that more pipeline capacity will be needed in North America, and particularly from Alberta.
Though rail costs have been dramatically reduced, producers still face higher transportation costs using trains rather than pipelines.
Chad Friess, an analyst with UBS Securities, said pipeline costs from Alberta to the U.S. northwest are about $5 per barrel, while rail is about $11. Pipeline tolls to the U.S. Gulf Coast average about $9 per barrel, he said, while it can be as high as $15 by rail.
With files from reporter Jeffrey Jones in Calgary
'All the facts' support Keystone pipeline, Harper tells U.S. audience
Protesters await Harper during New York visit to promote Canada's environmental record
Industry hopes for pipelines rekindled after B.C. election
IEA makes the case for oil sands pipelines
Extend eastern pipeline to Saint John, mayor tells oil companies
Follow Shawn McCarthy on Twitter @smccarthy55
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New Cars In The US Are Now Required To Have Backup Cameras
Advocates hope the cameras will help prevent some of the over 200 deaths from backover accidents that occur annually.
All new cars sold in the U.S. are now required to have backup cameras.
Advocates hope the cameras will help prevent some of the over 200 deaths from backover crashes that occur annually.
The U.S. Department of Transportation announced the requirement back in 2014 and gave automakers a few years to prepare.
According to a 2016 report by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, rearview cameras help reduce backup crashes by 16 percent.
Latest in U.S.
United flight turns around after fire in cabin
Four passengers were treated for smoke inhalation and two others declined treatment after a fire erupted from an external battery pack.
Would high speed rail work in the US?
Overseas, the concept is already reality. While the U.S. was in the throes of building highways, Japan opened the world's first high-speed railway.
By Rich Pedroncelli / AP


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2. Every inspection is conducted by a Licensed Insurance Adjuster.
3. Our services are deliberately limited to inspections, testing and reporting. It is our strong conviction that environmental inspectors should not profit from problems they discover in the course of their investigations. For that reason, we are purposely not engaged in the business of mold remediation.
Markham Services specializes in detecting and preventing mold in your home or place of business in Orlando, FL and throughout all of Central Florida.
We provide professional mold inspection, testing, and post-remediation testing. Whether you suspect there is mold in your home, apartment, place of business, or commercial property we can help.
We intentionally limit our services to mold inspections, testing, and reporting. We strongly believe that environmental inspectors should not profit from the problems they uncover during their tests. To keep our clients' best interests in mind, we purposely do not engage in mold remediation.
As our client, you can rest assured that our evaluations are unbiased and not motivated by the potential of securing costly remediation contracts.
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Obviously, if you see mold, you have mold in your home. Be aware that even if there is visible mold that may not be the only affected area in your property.
Indoor mold can begin to affect the health of residents who are exposed to it. If you or a family member begin to experience respiratory issues, headaches, sneezing, sore throat, runny/blocked nose, watery eyes, and itchiness you may have a mold problem.
You may smell a musty, moldy odor in your home. The worse the smell, the higher the possibility of mold growing in that location.
Condensation could cause rusting in your home. If you notice rust on pipes, you may have a higher moisture level as well as mold problems.
A lot of condensation means that there is a lot of moisture and there could potentially be a mold problem. Mold can grow anywhere where there is a condensation buildup.
If there is a leak in your home, it is often an indication that you may have mold. Water leaks produce moist conditions that mold requires.
Unattended water damage can lead to mold. The moisture from water damage creates an ideal environment for mold spores to thrive.
We provide mold inspection services throughout Central Florida, with several office locations. If you are looking for mold inspection services in Orlando, Tampa, The Space Coast, The Gulf Coast, The Panhandle, Lakeland, The Villages, or another location give us a call!


"How do I create a successful web series?" is what our next TECHmunch TV guest is going to answer. Join us on Tuesday, January 29th as we welcome Sandra McKenna (@midliferoadtrip), the executive producer and one of the hosts of Midliferoadtrip.tv. Sandra has been traveling around the world producing video stories on the road. If you've ever wanted to create engaging video content… tune in to TECHmunch TV!
Leave a comment below or tweet to us @BakeSpace using #techmunch in your question.
We will add the live show feed to this blog minutes before we go live. But to join the live chat, we'll be hosting our event over at our youtube channel at youtube.com/bakespacetv.
Midlife Road Trip Teaser from MidlifeRoadTrip on Vimeo.
Sandi is the co-host of the Midlife Road Trip. Considered the Lois Lane of social media, Sandi's natural curiosity combined with 20+ years in marketing and entertainment public relations were the perfect training ground for the MidLife Road Trip. Add to that a myriad of life experiences & her love of connecting with people everywhere and you get a recipe for laughter, the unexpected and a great time in any circumstance.
With dogged determination and unstoppable spirit Sandi show's you that simply being ordinary can be an extraordinary experience. Sandi was selected to attend the NASA shuttle launch and Tweetup, Rand McNally/USA Today's Best of the Road Rally, TechMunch panelist and named one of the Top 10 Travel Experts on Twitter.
Babette Pepaj, Founder of BakeSpace.com. Ask questions or join the conversation on twitter @BakeSpace and use the #techmunch hashtag.


Come join us for a resurrection celebration on Easter morning, Sunday, April 5th at 10 AM. Joyful and celebratory, this service is open to all ages and includes the "flowering of the cross". All are encouraged to bring flowers from their garden to decorate the cross.
After the worship service, homemade "Hot Cross Buns" will be available.


Get competitive quotes on outdoor advertising in Bowling Green!
Bowling Green, home to Western Kentucky University, is a prime spot for outdoor advertising. The city offers great ad space along US 231 near Greenwood Mall in addition to along I-65. Consider a billboard near the famed National Corvette Museum to ensure that your campaign drives action. Or, place a billboard by the Capitol Arts Center to appeal to theater fans. Whether you're looking for billboard, transit or bus advertising, Billboards can help you kick off an effective campaign.
Select an ad format to learn more. Or, start by browsing BillboardsIn's comprehensive database of OOH options to begin your campaign.


text:
Press Homepage
French Open Tennis Championships
Lewis Hamilton backs Naomi Osaka in news conference dispute
Jun. 03, 2021 09:09 AM EDT
May 29 1922 — The Supreme Court rules organized baseball is primarily a sport and not a business and therefore not subject to antitrust...
May 28 1901 — Parader, ridden by Fred Landry, overcomes a bad start to win the Preakness Stakes by two lengths over Sadie S. ...
May 27 1823 — A $20,000 match race between American Eclipse (representing The North) and Henry (representing The South) is held at Union...
May 26 1925 — In Detroit's 8-1 win over the Chicago White Sox, Ty Cobb becomes the first to collect 1,000 career extra-base hits. He...
May 21 1881 — A small group of tennis club members meets at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York City to form the world's first national...
What Would Have Been: Triple Crown finale and French finals
By Stephen Hawkins Jun. 01, 2020 02:04 AM EDT
By The Associated Press May. 31, 2020 10:03 AM EDT
June 1 1925 — Lou Gehrig bats for Pee Wee Wanninger in the eighth inning and replaces Wally Pipp at first base to start his streak of 2,130...
May 23 1876 — Joe Borden of Boston pitches the first no-hitter in NL history. 1884 — Knight of Ellersie, ridden by S....
The Latest: China's football association to cut pay
Weekend Sports in Brief
NBA TORONTO (AP) — Klay Thompson scored 25 points before leaving with a hamstring injury, Stephen Curry had 23 and the Golden State Warriors ran off...
May 19 1910 — Cy Young, the career leader in major league victories, wins No. 500 as the Cleveland Indians defeat Washington 5-4 in 11 innings. ...


Here is a great winter project. This is an early Dixie Gun Works Henry Deringer Kit probably from the early 1960's. The man responsible for coming out with such a fine kit was likely Turner Kirkland, the company's founder. Unlike most modern reproductions of the Deringer which are too bulky and often made of European hardwood, this one is American walnut with the correct grip contours like the original. This is also a real kit...there are no markings, no engraving, no pre-finishing, nothing appears to be pre-hardened...which limits creativity. Since nothing is hardened, this means you can proudly stamp your name and your style of engraving as the builder. Just as though you were one of Henry Deringer's competitors did back in the 1850's and 60's. The only thing that is assembled is the lock. In a way, this kit is the equivalent of how a general contractor in a circa 1860's guild system would build a gun. Contractors would supply the lock, barrel, screws, furniture, and the general contract would perform the final assembly, marking, and finishing necessary to produce the final product. Interestingly, there is an old note supplied by DGW to someone who could mark and engrave these kits in the style of Henry Deringer for 25.00. I'm sure he is long gone but the note gives insight into the early era of percussion kits. The wood is about 98% inletted. Needs final inletting for metal parts and checkering. German silver inlays will need to be fitted by hand and engraved. Lock will need to be engraved and color case hardened. Barrel will need to be polished and browned. You will be amazed at how much knowledge you acquire in 19th century gun-building from assembling such a small box of parts.


text:
Individual Investor Journey
Institutional Investor Journey
Go to bnymellonwealth.com
Go to bnymellon.com
Pre-Immigration Tax Planning: Permanently Moving to the U.S.
When considering a move to the U.S., those with substantial wealth should engage with competent, experienced advisors who are familiar with the ins and outs of U.S. tax law and can provide advice that makes the transition as easy as possible.
Those who come to the U.S. — and, in particular, those with great wealth — have a lot to learn about the American tax system.
Sufficient time should be allowed for planning to shelter worldwide assets from the U.S. tax net, especially if the person has significant assets or stands to inherit significant assets from family in the home country.
It is recommended the following steps be taken before permanently moving to the U.S.:
Review Holdings in Foreign Corporations and Offshore Mutual Funds
Holdings in offshore mutual funds and foreign private investment companies are often not suitable for U.S. persons, as they will attract the potential application of the U.S. Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) and Passive Foreign Investment Company (PFIC) rules.
Consider the Implications of Foreign Trusts
The tax consequences and considerations are different for settlors and beneficiaries of foreign grantor trusts. Understanding these differences is critical to protecting assets both in the present and for future generations.
Establish a Gifting Program
If worldwide assets are expected to exceed the $11.18 million gift and estate tax exemption afforded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, outright gifts can be made prior to immigrating in order to reduce the overall taxable estate.
Accelerate Gains and Defer Losses
It may be beneficial to try to accelerate the recognition of income before immigration (or hold off on realizing losses until the emigrant becomes a U.S. taxpayer). This will depend on whether the tax rates in the home country are lower than those in the U.S.
Explore the Use of Insurance
Whether it is a traditional whole-life policy or a private placement life insurance policy (PPLI), insurance can enjoy the benefits of tax-free growth and distributions if properly titled and funded.
The number of people who attain legal immigrant status in the U.S. each year.1
The percentage of the U.S. population who are immigrants.2
The total number of immigrants in the U.S.3
"With thoughtful planning, it's possible to avoid running afoul of unfamiliar or unexpected aspects of U.S. tax law that could have a significant impact on family wealth."
Understand which type of taxpayer you are
Non-Resident Alien
Non-resident aliens only pay income taxes on U.S. source income, and only incur estate or gift taxes on U.S. situs assets, such as U.S. real estate or tangible property in the U.S.
Whether a non-citizen is deemed a "resident alien" for income tax purposes depends primarily on how much time they spend in the U.S. Those who are considered long-term or "permanent" residents (e.g., green card holders) must pay tax on their worldwide income. Whether they must pay transfer tax on worldwide assets is determined through a subjective test that is intended to determine the individual's intent to remain in the U.S. indefinitely.
U.S. Citizen
U.S. citizens are subject to income and transfer taxes on worldwide assets, regardless of where they reside, however, a substantial amount of assets can be sheltered from the U.S. estate tax thanks to the $11.18 million exemption.
1 As of 2015."Frequently Requested Statistics on Immigrants and Immigration in the United States", Migration Policy Institute, www.migrationpolicy.org
This material is the property of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively, "BNY Mellon"). This material, either in whole or in part, must not be reproduced or disclosed to others or used for purposes other than that for which it has been supplied without the prior written permission of BNY Mellon. This material is provided for illustrative/educational purposes only. This material is not intended to constitute legal, tax, investment or financial advice. Effort has been made to ensure that the material presented herein is accurate at the time of publication. However, this material is not intended to be a full and exhaustive explanation of the law in any area or of all of the tax, investment or financial options available. The information discussed herein may not be applicable to or appropriate for every investor and should be used only after consultation with professionals who have reviewed your specific situation. BNY Mellon Wealth Management, Advisory Services, Inc. is registered as a portfolio manager and exempt market dealer in each province of Canada, and is registered as an investment fund manager in Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland & Labrador. Its principal regulator is the Ontario Securities Commission and is subject to Canadian and provincial laws. Trademarks and logos belong to their respective owners. ©2018 The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation. All rights reserved.
Pre-Immigration Tax Planning: Permanently Moving to the U.S. PDF
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Anna Sofia Augusta Cederström, född 21 mars 1878 i Knivsta, död 21 april 1965 i Knivsta, var en svensk naturvårdare, lärare och godsägare.

Hon växte upp i uppländsk herrgårdsmiljö och hennes huvudsakliga gärning blev att slå vakt om naturvärdena kring gårdarna Fredrikslund och Kungshamn intill Mälaren söder om Uppsala.

Biografi
Anna Cederström föddes på Fredrikslunds gård som yngsta barn till friherre Carl Cederström och hans hustru Anna Skjöldebrand. Föräldrarna härstammade från adliga ätter och hade nära kontakter med hovet. Modern, bruksägardotter från Borgvik i Värmland, var före giftermålet hovfröken hos änkedrottning Josefina och hovdam hos drottning Lovisa. Fadern träffade som kammarherre sin tillkommande vid hovet. Anna Cederströms föräldrar vigdes 1873 på Stockholms slott.

Hennes farfar patriarken Carl Emanuel Cederström dog 1892 på godset Krusenberg som var huvudsätet för släkten. Hans hustru Theresine af Ugglas hade fått Krusenberg som hemgift vid giftermålet 1840. Vid Cederströms bortgång fick äldste sonen, Annas far Carl, ärva gårdarna Fredrikslund och Kungshamn vid Mälarviken Ekoln. De tre herrgårdarna låg i Alsike socken, Stockholms län (nuvarande Uppsala län och Knivsta kommun). Krusenberg kom att brukas och bebos av brodern Emanuel som dog ogift 1920. Han var engagerad i hembygdsrörelsen och samlade antikviteter. Brodern Gustaf Cederström, välkänd konstnär av historiska motiv, fick ut sitt arv i pengar.

Redan i åttaårsåldern deklarerade Anna Cederström bestämt att hon inte tänkte gifta sig. Hon dyrkade sin far, men hade ett mer komplicerat förhållande till sin mor. Modern var kylig och stram och saknade mänsklig värme. Hösten 1887 lämnade familjen, då bestående av de tre syskonen Charlotte, Rudolf och Anna Cederström, herrgårdslivet för en lägenhet på Östermalm i Stockholm. Anna Cederström tog ett smärtsamt avsked av Fredrikslund och vantrivdes med livet i huvudstaden. Hon avskydde moderns engagemang i det konstlade hovet, hon föredrog lantlivet och faderns agrara intressen.

I barndomshemmet hade Anna Cederström haft guvernant, men började vid flytten till Stockholm i Brummerska skolan. Under långa perioder var hon sjuklig, lidande av scharlakansfeber och huvudvärk. Hon fann en god vän för livet i klasskamraten Elsa Almgren, senare gift med Johan Stiernstedt på Risberga i socknen Östuna, närbeläget Anna Cederströms barndomstrakter.

Anna Cederström var självständig och krävande i skolan. I religiöst hänseende intog hon alltid positionen som fritänkare, men var alls inte ointresserad av bibelläsning och traditioner. Hennes ifrågasättande av kristendomen bottnade i höga krav på moral och logik. Radikal i moraliska frågor var hon, samtidigt konservativ i sådant som gällde kultur- och naturvård.

År 1898 blev Anna Cederström och äldre systern Charlotte presenterade för hovet och drottning Sofia. Cederström fann dock konvenansäktenskapen inom adeln och societeten avskräckande. Istället för baler och kurtiser valde hon att 1899 resa till England tillsammans med kvinnliga vänner. Hon studerade en period på en hushållsskola, ägnade sig åt vävning och gick en kurs på Agdatorps trädgårdsskola i Blekinge.

Systrarna Cederströms livsval bröt med den utstakade vägen att bli gift. Charlotte utbildade sig till sjuksköterska och Anna Cederström tog 1905 lärarinneexamen vid Anna Sandströms skola, en examen som hade särskild inriktning på naturvetenskapliga ämnen. Hon gick gärna på föreläsningar i geografi och geologi på Stockholms högskola (nuvarande Stockholms universitet).

Sin första anställning fick Anna Cederström på Brummerska skolan 1905–1909. Parallellt med lärararbetet fortsatte hon att studera biologi och zoologi vid högskolan. Hösten 1909 tillträdde hon en lärartjänst vid Karlskoga samskola och blev kvar där till 1912 då hon började en tjänst vid högre samskolan i Göteborg. Men det blev en kort tid på grund av vantrivsel. Karlskoga däremot mindes Anna Cederström med glädje och underhöll elevkontakter långt fram i livet. Som lärare var Anna Cederström okonventionell och en livfull berättare. Hennes karriär som lärare avslutades med två perioder på Anna Sandströms högre lärarinneseminarium 1914–1919 och 1922–1923.

Hösten 1912 avled modern på Fredrikslund. I nära tre månader 1918–1919 kämpade Anna Cederström själv mot spanska sjukan och 1920 fick hon difteri. Den försvagade hälsan gjorde att hon ofta vistades på kurorter. En avgörande vändpunkt tog Anna Cederströms liv då den älskade fadern avled 1925. Systern Charlotte som vårdat fadern de sista åren fick överta Fredrikslund. Efter förhandlingar mellan Anna Cederström och brodern Rudolf löste hon ut honom och blev ägare till Kungshamn dit hon flyttade 1926. Olika personer i släkten hade bott där och anläggningen behövde rustas upp. Anna Cederström blev herrgårdsägare med allt vad det innebar av ansvar för anställda och skötsel av gården.

Anna Cederström var socialt engagerad i pojkar som bodde i arbetarbostäderna och tog hand om två finska krigsbarn. Hon samarbetade med en scoutkåren i Uppsala, Wasakåren, och man lät bygga om en sommarvilla i Djupviken för att användas i verksamheten.

Men den mest bestående insatsen gjorde Anna Cederström för naturvården. Hon var medlem i Svenska Naturskyddsföreningen och hade bestämda planer för att bevara naturvärdena i Kungshamn, Morga och Fredrikslund genom en stiftelse. Stiftelsen Friherre Carl Cederströms Minne blev godkänd 1941 och har till ändamål att "för kommande släkten i naturvårdande syfte bevara ett stycke mellansvensk kulturbygd". Anna Cederström fick kämpa hårt för att driva genom sin vilja och var som stiftelsens första ordförande noggrann och engagerad. Naturvården skulle alltid gå före ekonomiska intressen och flera konflikter uppstod där hon bjöd motstånd mot markexploatörer och vägdragningar i ett känsligt naturområde.

Cederströms goda vänner, scouterna, prästerna och andra kulturpersoner i vänkretsen hyste stor respekt för Anna Cederström, som med åren blev alltmer excentrisk. I livets slutskede vistades hon på Samariterhemmets sjukhus i Uppsala, som grundats av vännen Ebba Boström.

Anna Cederström avled 1965 och gravsattes utan ceremonier på en vacker plats intill Kungshamn.

Källor

 Artikeln är till stora delar kopierad från Gunnel Furulands text om Anna Cederström ur Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon, (CC BY 4.0), läst 2022-11-15

Noter

Kvinnor
Födda 1878
Avlidna 1965
Svenska godsägare under 1900-talet
Svenska lärare under 1900-talet
Personer från Knivsta kommun
Mottagare av Illis Quorum

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


2.Adopt cam-type tool forward together with stepless speed-variation, the rolling time can be controlled to assure that product quality can reach the specified standard. What kind of packaging you offer9 We will pack the goods well with exporting packages to make sure all goods in a good condition during storage and delivery. What kind of transportation methods you offer9 We always transport by sea for the goods with large quantity, and we will confirm freight with buyers' prior delivery.
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There are several services with fantastic possible that fall short due to the absence of expertise the owners have concerning advertising and marketing or actually making a sale. There will be lots of site visitors that come to see the cars and trucks, however without that included press, there will be no sales. A web site without a sales funnel is the exact same, which is why you require to get Click Funnels in order to obtain the most number of sales possible.
What does How To Put Aliexpreas On Clickfunnels do?
Click Funnels give you with a pre-designed and well-curated sales channel which will take your site visitors through a convincing journey that will make them purchase your item at the end. This last purpose can be various depending on the product that you offer or the service that you offer. Click Funnels have produced an array of sales funnels that can lead you to attain your objectives by taking your visitors via a well thought out sales funnels. Adhering to are a few of the objectives which could be satisfied by a sales funnels.
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Just How Do How To Put Aliexpreas On Clickfunnels aid boost your income?
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How To Put Aliexpreas On Clickfunnels Prices: Is it really worth it?
Exactly what is a Sales Funnel How To Put Aliexpreas On Clickfunnels?
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Besides being excellent in high quality, cushions from Puffy are delivered totally free to your door. Thus, you will be able to save a substantial amount of money by purchasing their products directly. The Puffy is an internet based store, as well as that is why their items come with a practical price. The lack of 3rd parties, shops, suppliers, and so on supplies them with great margins which they share with their customers. Acquiring a Puffy Mattress is as simple as sending out an e-mail. Open their website and also there, you will be able to acquire by providing 3 clicks or two.
The Puffy Mattress is created to do its job no matter its host surface area. Speaking you take into consideration anything like flat frameworks, box springs, adjustable structures, slats and even the floor. Your bed mattress is going to produce very same results up until as well as unless you will not choose to come up with something from routines like gardens or open areas.
Puffy cases that their cushion has some special functions which keep sleepers spinal column straightened while handling the pressure points by eliminating them. It is an issue of that better as well as sound rest could bring a very favorable influence on your general psychological as well as physical health and also health and wellbeing.
The bears guarantee for their mattress as long as a consumer owns it. Well, Puffy' s we can not consider it as great as an orthopedic bed mattress but still, it tends to help you to cope with pressure factor related issues and undue discomforts.
Similar to several other companies the Puffy is operating with an extremely well created CSR task. Yearly the firm invests a particular share of its income to get beds for the youngsters in need. They, do it by giving away to numerous youngsters sanctuaries. Thus, preferring Puffy while trying to find a spending plan cushion can make you join an extremely noble cause.
Puffy is a self-adjusting cushion, as well as it will obtain accustomed to your demands within a hr approximately – this features it an outstanding choice for consumers from various histories and age.
The Puffy have a strong group of experts hectic in research as well as development activities. Perhaps this is the reason behind that steep discovering curve this mattress manufacturer is complying with.


On behalf of Miles Hansford & Tallant, LLC posted in criminal defense on Tuesday, April 16, 2019.
People in Georgia who have been wrongly convicted may be among those who lost a combined 1,600 years of life to incarceration in 2018 according to a study by the National Registry of Exonerations. The 151 people released in 2018 after they had been wrongfully convicted had been in prison an average of 11 years each.
On behalf of Miles Hansford & Tallant, LLC posted in criminal defense on Saturday, April 13, 2019.
A retailer in Georgia could know if an individual was caught shoplifting at a store down the street or across the country. This is because facial recognition software can take a picture of a person's face and distribute it in a short period of time. While this may be helpful to those who own a business, it may not be beneficial for those who want to retain their privacy.
On behalf of Miles Hansford & Tallant, LLC posted in criminal defense on Tuesday, March 26, 2019.
People in Georgia and elsewhere routinely underestimate the downsides of a misdemeanor conviction. That is arguably a natural response, given the comparatively weighty nature of a felony offense.
On behalf of Miles Hansford & Tallant, LLC posted in criminal defense on Sunday, March 24, 2019.
Civil rights advocates in Georgia and around the country have been campaigning for criminal justice reform for several years, and a study released by Cornell University could add weight to their arguments. Researchers from the university's College of Human Ecology and College of Arts and Sciences scrutinized more than 4,000 cases, and they discovered that a sobering 45 percent of Americans have an incarcerated or formerly incarcerated child, spouse, sibling, parent, or grandparent.
On behalf of Miles Hansford & Tallant, LLC posted in criminal defense on Wednesday, March 20, 2019.
Citizens of Georgia might be surprised to learn that, according to a recent study, Americans in their early twenties are four times more likely to have been arrested in comparison to Americans in their sixties. Furthermore, the study found that the rate at which white American men and women have been put in handcuffs has been skyrocketing over the past years, and a plausible reason for this is increased enforcement.
On behalf of Miles Hansford & Tallant, LLC posted in criminal defense on Tuesday, March 19, 2019.
There are of course many generalized comments that can be made about the criminal justice system. We prominently stress a most specific point on our website at the established North Georgia law firm of Miles, Hansford & Tallant.
On behalf of Miles Hansford & Tallant, LLC posted in criminal defense on Wednesday, February 20, 2019.
A quick state-of-the-states spotlight on legal marijuana schemes reveals a wide disparity among various laws across the country, but a progressively growing acceptance of legal pot use in some form.
On behalf of Miles Hansford & Tallant, LLC posted in criminal defense on Wednesday, January 23, 2019.
Just about everyone has seen a cop on TV on in a movie tell us suspect, "You have the right to remain silent." What they are doing is "Mirandizing" the suspect, or explaining basic rights they have. Real life police officers often Mirandize suspects when making an arrest as well.
On behalf of Miles Hansford & Tallant, LLC posted in criminal defense on Thursday, January 17, 2019.
In late December, Atlanta police busted two shoplifting rings that had targeted Victoria's Secret stores throughout Gwinnett County. The haul: More than $300,000 in goods.
On behalf of Miles Hansford & Tallant, LLC posted in criminal defense on Tuesday, November 22, 2016.
During the holidays, there are unfortunately many car crashes in Georgia that happen as a result of excessive speed. Some of these may be due to alcohol consumption, or some just because groups of people are celebrating with each other in route to an event. A recent article describes how some of these accidents could result in the driver finding it necessary to seek an experienced criminal defense attorney in order to ensure the best legal outcome after a serious accident.


text:
BMW R1200
The R designation in BMW motorcycles can be traced to the company's very first motorcycle, the R32 in 1923. The engine was, of course, a horizontally-opposed, "Boxer," Twin. BMW has developed other engine configurations: the early K series with its longitudinally-mounted, inline three-cylinder "flying brick" engine, the single-cylinder F650, the transversely-mounted, inline four-cylinder of the S1000RR, the parallel-twin of powering the F800S and the company's transversely-mounted, inline six-cylinder of the K1600 series, but BMW has never abandoned the flat-Twin. Since the introduction of the R32 BMW has continually refined the boxer format over the last nine decades culminating into the BMW R1200 format powering BMW motorcycles today.
The first BMW motorcycle to utilize the new 1170cc Boxer engine is the model that's no longer produced by BMW, the BMW R1200C. At the height of the cruiser craze in the United States BMW introduced the R1200C to motorcycle enthusiasts in a unique way, as the motorcycle of choice for James Bond in the 1997 movie Tomorrow Never Dies. This uniquely-BMW cruiser with its exposed Telelever front suspension was as polarizing in design as cruiser motorcycles got, especially from a conservative manufacturer such as BMW. The BMW R1200C was discontinued after the 2004 model year.
The next Beemer to receive the 1200 engine was the company's legendary GS model. The BMW R1200GS was launched in 2004 and has since become BMW's best selling model. The GS was first introduced in 1980 as the R80G/S and went on to win notoriety in world rally events such as the Dakar. In 2007 Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman rode a pair of BMW R1200GS's from Scotland to South Africa in the television series Long Way Down.
In 2005 BMW's flat-Twin touring model received the newest Boxer engine. The RT had been a part of BMW's Boxer models since 1978, and the BMW R1200RT was the latest model to combine BMW's traditional engine design with the most advanced technology currently available on a motorcycle. The BMW R1200RT featured touring niceties such as an electrically adjustable windscreen, anti-lock brakes (introduced in 2007 as replacement to the previously used integrated braking system) and BMW's now signature Telelever front suspension. Optional equipment on the BMW R1200RT included cruise control, heated grips for the rider and heated seats for both rider and passenger, and an audio system. The BMW R1200RT has been a popular model for law enforcement services worldwide.
The BMW R1200R, introduced in 2006, is the no-frills, go anywhere, do anything BMW R1200 model. It was also the last R model to adapt from the previous 1150cc Boxer to the larger displacement 1170cc engine. The naked BMW R1200R is adaptive to what its owner wants it to be. The BMW R1200R can easily be turned into a long-distance traveler with the addition of the optional touring package which adds a windscreen, heated grips, a more comfortable seat, a centerstand and hard luggage. Other optional equipment includes electronic suspension adjustment, ABS and active stability control. The BMW R1200R may be standard, but it's still a BMW and no Beemer motorcycle owner is ever left wanting.
In 2006 BMW also introduced the sporty BMW R1200S as a replacement for the R1100S. The new BMW R1200S was 22 lbs. lighter than the previous model and more powerful with a claimed 122 hp. In 2006 an R1200S won the eight-hour Moto ST endurance race at Daytona.
BMW R1200 Reviews
2019 BMW R1250RT Review
John Burns May 13, 2019 0
Happy 40th to BMW's first full-dress tourer
2019 BMW R1250 GS/ R1250 GS Adventure First Ride Review
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Cleaner, faster, bigger, better
Patent Filings Reveal Hybrid BMW Boxer Engine Technology
Dennis Chung February 19, 2019 0
Back in 2017, BMW played an April Fools joke
2019 BMW R1250R, R1250RS and R1250GS Adventure First Look
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As we previously
2019 BMW R1250GS and R1250RT with ShiftCam VVT Announced
Dennis Chung September 17, 2018 0
After CARB filings and a leaked video tipped the world about their existence, BMW has officially announced the 2019 ...
Leaked Video Reveals 2019 BMW R1250GS "Shift Cam" VVT System
John Burns September 13, 2018 0
Variable Valve Timing for the New 1250 Boxer
2019 BMW R1250 Models Certified by CARB
Dennis Chung September 5, 2018 0
The California Air Resources Board has certified a new BMW engine, confirming
Church of MO: First Impression 1998 BMW R1200C
John Burns February 4, 2018 19
Next-Generation BMW R Models Confirmed in Recall on Current Models
Dennis Chung August 10, 2017 16
Ordinarily, a recall affecting 29,281 motorcycles would be big news, but in this case, the news is overshadowed by ...
2017 BMW R nineT Pure and R nineT Racer Previews
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Confirming what we were first to report,
2013 BMW R1200GS Review - Second Ride
Tom Roderick June 3, 2013
We've ridden the 2013 BMW R1200GS in South Africa and through rush-hour traffic in southern California. Regardless of where you ride, this Adventure-Tourer is a remarkable motorcycle.
BMW R1200 Comparisons
Rich Niches: 2019 BMW R1250 RT vs Kawasaki Versys 1000 LT SE+ Luxo-Adventure Tour-Off
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The successor to one of our favorite sport-tourers, the 2019 BMW R1250RT faces a new challenger in the now ...
2018 Big-Bore Adventure Touring Shootout – Part 2: We Do It In The Dirt
Brent Jaswinski September 24, 2018 0
The BMW R1200GS Adventure won the street portion of our adventure touring shootout, but who comes out on top when ...
2018 Big-Bore Adventure Touring Shootout – Part 1: Street
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The biggest and baddest, but which one's the raddest?
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The introduction of Honda's new Africa Twin has the potential of re-racking the pecking order in motorcycling's ...
find BMW R1200 Specs
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Looking for a specific make, model or year of BMW R1200, and how it compares to the competition? Looking to design your own BMW R1200? Use our Motorcycle Finder, below, to get everything you need on 2004 to present BMW R1200s.
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text:
package com.amazonaws.services.redshift.model.transform;

import javax.annotation.Generated;

import com.amazonaws.SdkClientException;
import com.amazonaws.Request;
import com.amazonaws.DefaultRequest;
import com.amazonaws.http.HttpMethodName;
import com.amazonaws.services.redshift.model.*;
import com.amazonaws.transform.Marshaller;
import com.amazonaws.util.StringUtils;

/**
 * ModifyClusterDbRevisionRequest Marshaller
 */

@Generated("com.amazonaws:aws-java-sdk-code-generator")
public class ModifyClusterDbRevisionRequestMarshaller implements Marshaller<Request<ModifyClusterDbRevisionRequest>, ModifyClusterDbRevisionRequest> {

    public Request<ModifyClusterDbRevisionRequest> marshall(ModifyClusterDbRevisionRequest modifyClusterDbRevisionRequest) {

        if (modifyClusterDbRevisionRequest == null) {
            throw new SdkClientException("Invalid argument passed to marshall(...)");
        }

        Request<ModifyClusterDbRevisionRequest> request = new DefaultRequest<ModifyClusterDbRevisionRequest>(modifyClusterDbRevisionRequest, "AmazonRedshift");
        request.addParameter("Action", "ModifyClusterDbRevision");
        request.addParameter("Version", "2012-12-01");
        request.setHttpMethod(HttpMethodName.POST);

        if (modifyClusterDbRevisionRequest.getClusterIdentifier() != null) {
            request.addParameter("ClusterIdentifier", StringUtils.fromString(modifyClusterDbRevisionRequest.getClusterIdentifier()));
        }

        if (modifyClusterDbRevisionRequest.getRevisionTarget() != null) {
            request.addParameter("RevisionTarget", StringUtils.fromString(modifyClusterDbRevisionRequest.getRevisionTarget()));
        }

        return request;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Kärcher BDP 51/2000 C floor machine is a single-speed, 2,000 RPM commercial burnisher featuring a disposable paper bag dust control system for a healthier work environment. Its floating handle allows the unit to maintain a constant floor pressure. Power is supplied by a direct drive 1.5 HP rectified DC motor, eliminating the need for belts and gears that require servicing. Two sets of large 5" wheels provide superior mobility, and a high quality cast aluminum chassis will withstand years of punishment in commercial burnishing applications. For added convenience, a 75' power cable means more burnishing and less searching for wall outlets.
Floating handle automatically adjusts to operator height simplifying operation and providing a consistent high-gloss shine.


Bolt-Action Rifles have been popular with shooters since the 1800s. Why? Because they have the fewest parts of any action, which tends to make them very reliable. Compared to other manually operated firearm actions they offer a balance of strength, durability and accuracy. These Bolt Action Rifles are lightweight and priced at rock bottom low prices only at Sportsman's Guide!
Ruger American Rifle, Bolt Action, 6.5mm Creedmoor, 22" Barrel, Vortex Crossfire II Scope, 4+1 Rds.


text:
Class Shedule
Live Webcast Replay (34)
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Critical Evaluation (1)
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Test Preparation (1)
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▢ Catalog Home
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How to Create an Incredible Employer Brand
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Kelly Simants
Fri, Jan 22, 2021 - 11:00am to 12:03pm CST - additional dates
Additional Dates
Fri, Jan 22, 2021 - 11:00am to 12:03pm CST
Sat, Feb 13, 2021 - 01:00pm to 02:03pm CST
Mon, Feb 22, 2021 - 03:00pm to 04:03pm CST
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Sat, Mar 27, 2021 - 11:00am to 12:03pm CDT
Wed, Apr 14, 2021 - 01:00pm to 02:03pm CDT
Sat, Apr 24, 2021 - 03:00pm to 04:03pm CDT
You will be able to choose a specific date when you add this seminar to the cart.
More info » Save for Later Add to Cart »
How to Support Employees Through Loss, Crisis & Grief
Business Management & Strategy | Communication | Relationship Management
Wed, Jan 20, 2021 - 01:00pm to 02:05pm CST - additional dates
Wed, Jan 20, 2021 - 01:00pm to 02:05pm CST
Wed, Feb 03, 2021 - 03:00pm to 04:05pm CST
Mon, Feb 15, 2021 - 09:00am to 10:05am CST
Mon, Mar 01, 2021 - 11:00am to 12:05pm CST
Sat, Mar 13, 2021 - 01:00pm to 02:05pm CST
Fri, Apr 02, 2021 - 03:00pm to 04:05pm CDT
Mon, Apr 19, 2021 - 09:00am to 10:05am CDT
Leading & Inspiring Teams
Business Management & Strategy | Leadership & Navigation | Relationship Management
Fri, Jan 22, 2021 - 01:00pm to 01:59pm CST - additional dates
Fri, Jan 22, 2021 - 01:00pm to 01:59pm CST
Sat, Mar 27, 2021 - 01:00pm to 01:59pm CDT
Sat, Apr 24, 2021 - 09:00am to 09:59am CDT
Target Date Funds: America's #1 Retirement Investment
Total Credits: 1 Business
Business Acumen | Business Management & Strategy | Compensation & Benefits
Tue, Jan 26, 2021 - 11:00am to 11:58am CST - additional dates
Tue, Jan 26, 2021 - 11:00am to 11:58am CST
Tue, Feb 09, 2021 - 01:00pm to 01:58pm CST
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Sat, Mar 27, 2021 - 11:00am to 11:58am CDT
Mon, Apr 05, 2021 - 01:00pm to 01:58pm CDT
Thu, Apr 22, 2021 - 03:00pm to 03:58pm CDT
Sat, May 08, 2021 - 09:00am to 09:58am CDT
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Tue, Aug 03, 2021 - 01:00pm to 01:58pm CDT
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Thu, Sep 02, 2021 - 09:00am to 09:58am CDT
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Tue, Oct 05, 2021 - 01:00pm to 01:58pm CDT
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More info » Save for Later Register
The Lifecycle of an Employee: Successfully Onboarding New Hires & Handling Employee Separations with Respect & Dignity
Business Management & Strategy | Ethical Practice | HR Expertise (HR Knowledge) | Leadership & Navigation
Sat, Feb 13, 2021 - 09:00am to 10:03am CST
Mon, Feb 22, 2021 - 11:00am to 12:03pm CST
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It used to be great, but Google took it over, removed video responses, fucked up comments and left the service in shambles.
Gears is an open source project that enables more powerful web applications, by adding new features to your web browser.
2011-03-11 it was thankfully abandoned.
2019-02-17 -- I have YouTube comments emailed to my GMail account. Today I found one put into my spam folder. It was not spam. It wasn't anything even close to spam.


text:
Help us improve your experience.
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Digital Certificates Overview
Obtaining a Certificate from a Certificate Authority for an ES PIC
Requesting a CA Digital Certificate for an ES PIC on an M Series or T Series Router
Example: Requesting a CA Digital Certificate
Generating a Private and Public Key Pair for Digital Certificates for an ES PIC
Configuring Digital Certificates
A digital certificate provides a way of authenticating users through a trusted third-party called a certificate authority (CA). The CA validates the identity of a certificate holder and "signs" the certificate to attest that it has not been forged or altered.
A certificate includes the following information:
The distinguished name (DN) of the owner. A DN is a unique identifier and consists of a fully qualified name including the common name (CN) of the owner, the owner's organization, and other distinguishing information.
The public key of the owner.
The date on which the certificate was issued.
The date on which the certificate expires.
The distinguished name of the issuing CA.
The digital signature of the issuing CA.
The additional information in a certificate allows recipients to decide whether to accept the certificate. The recipient can determine if the certificate is still valid based on the expiration date. The recipient can check whether the CA is trusted by the site based on the issuing CA.
With a certificate, a CA takes the owner's public key, signs that public key with its own private key, and returns this to the owner as a certificate. The recipient can extract the certificate (containing the CA's signature) with the owner's public key. By using the CA's public key and the CA's signature on the extracted certificate, the recipient can validate the CA's signature and owner of the certificate.
When you use digital certificates, your first send in a request to obtain a certificate from your CA. You then configure digital certificates and a digital certificate IKE policy. Finally, you obtain a digitally signed certificate from a CA.
Certificates without an alternate subject name are not appropriate for IPsec services.
Certificate authorities (CAs) manage certificate requests and issue certificates to participating IPsec network devices. When you create a certificate request, you need to provide the information about the owner of the certificate. The required information and its format vary across certificate authorities.
Certificates use names in the X.500 format, a directory access protocol that provides both read and update access. The entire name is called a DN (distinguished name). It consists of a set of components, which often includes a CN (common name), an organization (O), an organization unit (OU), a country (C), a locality (L), and so on.
For the dynamic registration of digital certificates, the Junos OS supports only the Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP).
For an encryption interface on an M Series or T Series router, issue the following command to obtain a public key certificate from a CA. The results are saved in the specified file in the /var/etc/ikecert directory. The CA public key verifies certificates from remote peers.
user@host> request security certificate enroll filename filename ca-name ca-name parameters parameters
Specify a URL to the SCEP server and the name of the certification authority whose certificate you want: mycompany.com. filename 1 is name of the file that stores the result. The output, "Received CA certificate:" provides the signature for the certificate, which allows you to verify (offline) that the certificate is genuine.
user@host> request security certificate enroll filename ca_verisign ca-file verisign ca-name xyzcompany url
http://hostname/path/filename
URL: http://hostname/path/filename name: example.com CA file: verisign Encoding: binary
Certificate enrollment has started. To see the certificate enrollment status, check the key management process (kmd) log file at /var/log/kmd. <--------------
Each router is initially manually enrolled with a certificate authority.
To generate a private and public key, issue the following command:
user@host> request security key-pair name size key-size type ( rsa | dsa )
name specifies the filename in which to store the public and private keys.
key-size can be 512, 1024, 1596, or 2048 bytes. The default key size is 1024 bytes.
type can be rsa or dsa. The default is RSA.
When you use SCEP, the Junos OS only supports RSA.
The following example shows how to generate a private and public key pair:
user@host> request security key-pair batt
Generated key pair, key size 1024, file batt Algorithm RSA


One of the more interesting offerings is a Ph.D. in Human-Centered Computing, the science of creating and designing concepts and inventions that improve the ways humans use computers. This program brings together studies focused on three areas: Human-Computer Interaction; Cognition, Learning, and Creativity; and Social Computing.
The culture of academically oriented students at Georgia Tech speaks volumes for their recruitment efforts and reputation.


Do you want to learn web design by watching the tutorials? If so, then you need to read this blog. Nowadays, many people have started to create their on own by using web design techniques and strategies. If you wish to make your website appealing and attractive, you have to get help or learn from the designers. Once you learn the strategies and techniques, you can start to apply the technique in your own creative way. You can enroll in a school that helps you to become a professional designer, but there are also online resources that will help you to master the web designing.
Articles and web pages: Professionals write most of the articles and blog pages. In order to make their content popular and appealing in search engine, they ensure to write quality contents to promote their services. At present, many designers are providing step-by-step guides and tutorials and advanced designing instructions to attract people and educate them. The professional web designers promote their services by submitting original contents and basic techniques in article directories. When you start to learn from the internet, you can easily download the content and start to practice them in real time. Some website offer tutorials that include free templates and scripts that you can use them and alter according to your requirement.
Video tutorials: A video tutorial will provide necessary steps in the form of videos. It helps you to carry out the tasks in a more productive and innovative way. Such video tutorials are developed and prepared by professional web designers. Ensure to use high-quality videos for easy learning and understanding.


The UK's number one cardmaking brand launched in 2003 and remains the go-to title for the new experienced card maker looking for beautiful, traditional projects for all occasions. Pretty, classic designs are presented by top experts and celebrity columnists along with product advice and news. With a fantastic free gift each issue Cardmaking & Papercraft offers essential step-by-step projects to create beautiful cards and papercraft gifts.


When Jesus walked the earth teaching and sharing truth, He taught to seek His kingdom first (Matthew 6:33). How often do you feel you seek His kingdom first? I have to admit that I don't do it as often as I would like.
Noah was the first individual in the bible to build an altar for God and make a sacrifice on it. Let's set the scene.
According to Genesis 6:5, God's heart was grieved that He had made man because "every inclination of the thoughts of his [man's] heart was only evil all the time," so God chose to flood the earth wiping out all of mankind except for one man, Noah, and his family who loved the Lord and still pursued Him. God had Noah build an ark and, after months in the ark waiting for the rain to stop and the floodwaters to recede, he eventually stepped out on dry land.
Check out Genesis 8:18-20. Did you notice the first thing Noah does when he exits his confined living quarters? He runs off the boat screaming, "Freedom!!!" Then falls on the ground smothering it with kisses.
Oh wait, no, that's not what happened.
Seeing a vast and empty land that shouted for a new beginning, his first act was to build an altar to God. In his great depth of love for the Lord, he made a sacrifice on this altar. The sacrifice was a burnt offering as atonement for sins securing a peaceful relationship between the Lord and humanity. This sacrifice was also an act for Noah to express his overwhelming gratitude for God's mercy in delivering him from the flood.
Here's what I love so much about Noah's response immediately following the flood – it wasn't about Him. There could have been many other things Noah did first after exiting the ark like creating a shelter for himself and his family, securing food or figuring out where they had landed. There were a number of things that could have been on his to do list, but honoring God was his first priority.
Noah longed to please God and show his love for God by making his first act off that ark be one about God and to establish God's Lordship as the first thing in his life following the flood.
Noah's action and example begs this question for us: Is God your first priority? When you begin your day, embark on a new journey or undertake a new responsibility, is it committed to the Lord? Friend, let me encourage you to build your altar to the Lord and place yourself on it. Sacrifice your own wants and desires for a kingdom perspective because in the end, that is the only thing that will have an eternal impact.


Welcome to our CaringBridge website. We are using it to keep family and friends updated on Jason's journey as he battles head/neck cancer. We appreciate your support and words of hope and encouragement. Thank you for visiting.