text:
Don't be Dispassionate: How to Use Emotional Impulses to Make Better Decisions – Full Article
By Glenn Mott
"Heuristic / you risked it."
—Hank Lazer
Recently, I had an opportunity to read a special issue of the Harvard Business Review called "The Brain Science Behind Business"—a compilation of previously published articles about neuroscience. Reading these articles got me thinking about the role of heuristics in risk management.
Heuristics refers to a set of rules we develop through experience that help us assess risk and make decisions. Common terms for a heuristic will be familiar to all: rules of thumb, an educated guess, or listening to your gut. Recent discoveries in the field of neuroscience offer new insights into heuristics, and the imperfect methods that help us understand the mechanics of problem solving. Significantly, these discoveries are helping us appreciate the role of emotions in risk assessment.
Deliberation vs. Intuition
How does a heuristic best serve us in our decision-making process, and what is the value of listening to subjective emotions, against dispassionate reason? Can we optimize instinct in decision-making, and could intuition outperform deliberation? Debate in the scientific community is ongoing, but there are ways heuristic techniques are already used in risk management that enter into this dialogue between business and science.
Internally-directed Learning
Over the past decade neuroscientists have made fascinating discoveries into the brain's "default network"—a class of cognition that controls introspection, with the ability to envision alternatives based on one's past experience. One discovery is that even during periods of unfocused down time the brain is spending considerable energy processing existing knowledge. Our learning is never truly at rest. These self-generated thoughts can be a source of creative insights that facilitate unique solutions to ongoing problems.
When you engage in unfocused activity, you are not detached from the default network in the brain. This discovery, something artists and scientists have recognized throughout history (the muse responsible for inspiration, or Eureka! moments), has led more companies (particularly tech firms) to encourage unfocused free time as a valuable and underutilized factor in generating breakthrough innovations.
You may have experienced the default network when you've found the solution to a difficult problem only when you stepped away from the desk, or while taking a morning shower, walking your dog, reading a novel, or daydreaming at the beach. The question is, how do we unlock the default network, and tap into the "affect network" (automatic and endocrine responses that the brain interprets as emotions)? Or simply put, what is the role of heuristics in decision-making?
Learning from Hunches
As Adam Waytz and Malia Mason, authors of one of the HBR articles write in "Your Brain at Work," new approaches to neuroscience are revealing, "A hunch is not some mystical sixth sense. It's a real neurological response that manifests itself physically." Heuristics are tools and approaches ingrained in the neurological response to our physical reality. It's how you are able to sometimes fly by the seat of your pants and still land on your feet. "Leaders tend to push away feelings in making decisions because they think it's best to be dispassionate. But a mounting body of neurological evidence suggests that emotional impulses should not be ignored. The 'affect network' fast-tracks decision making and helps us process information that may include too many variables . . . . So hunches are extremely useful in helping us bypass complex and laborious analysis. Should we always trust them? Absolutely not," say Waytz and Mason.
Hunches tend to be binary (a positive or negative hunch, rarely neutral) even if they are sometimes experienced as vague and amorphous impulses. Leaders who espouse the value of positive thinking at all costs, over naysayers in their organization, may do so at their peril. The HBR authors don't suggest leaders be guided by doubt and anxiety, but listening to doubt, evaluating fears instead of avoiding them, can generate better outcomes, " . . . the neuroscience of emotion shows us that although hunches are fallible, it's worth exploring them more than we do. Particularly in situations involving risk, negative gut feelings can prevent leaders from making overconfident or overly optimistic decisions."
Leaders who are over reliant on metrics may believe these tools detach them from an emotional response, pushing away their feelings when making important decisions because they believe it's best to be dispassionate. This can lead to an over reliance on information gathering, and to overriding their own experience. Information may be knowledge, and knowledge may be power, but information is not intelligence. It's not even learning.
Cultivating Institutional Knowledge
We still believe there is a need to pursue analytics using proven tools of risk assessment, and that these tools are enhanced by self-discovery. The HBR literature backs up NRMC's philosophy that risk assessment isn't a product, rather it's an adaptive process, a continuing journey of best practices, best understood through a healthy alchemy of doubt, mission, and experience. NRMC's risk management process consists of five steps that roughly correspond to our core neural pathways for information gathering:
Consider the context: In risk management, context refers to the environment in which an organization pursues its mission and delivers programs and services. Context is the backdrop for risk-taking and risk practice, making certain risks more or less likely to materialize. Risk context includes the setting, the surroundings, and the awareness of what is routine. In some instances, contextual issues or considerations may make risk management an urgent priority (such as post-scandal) or burdensome (such as during a period of high turnover). Contextual issues will affect implementation or adoption of risk management strategies.
Appraise risks: The process continues with identifying and discussing risks and exposures to events that potentially affect the objectives of the organization. Some nonprofit teams approach this part of the risk management process through informal brainstorming. Others use tools such as the Risk Bow Tie, root cause analysis, or the review of incident logs and claims files. Whether your team takes an informal approach or uses a framework to guide risk identification and appraisal, the key outcome is a deeper understanding and awareness of risks. After identifying risks, it's important to consider which issues warrant primary, versus secondary focus. This is the stage where some teams use a numeric scoring framework related to probability, potential impact, and in some cases, the organization's risk readiness. The NRMC team has found that spending an enormous amount of time on scoring can give the impression that the team's educated guesses are something more. An important reminder at this stage is to make sure the team identifying and appraising risks is diverse: include veterans as well as newer hires, those who are risk-takers and others who are risk averse.
Decide what to do and communicate your decisions: This step involves considering the possible options to address the likelihood or potential consequences of risk, or the organization's readiness to respond should the risk event occur. The team working on risk management evaluates alternative methods for addressing your exposures and selects the appropriate (practical, affordable, and effective) solution for each targeted exposure.
Act on your decision(s): Implementing strategies the risk management team has selected (such as a new screening process for volunteers), is often the most difficult part of the risk management process. This involves determining the necessary resources, including financial resources, human resources, and information technology required to bring new policies and practices to life.
Follow up and adjust: This step involves monitoring the results. How is the change in practice, policy, or training working for the organization? Has there been any pushback or suggestions to amend the approach? Strategies that are not working will almost certainly be felt on an emotional level, before they can be codified in a directive.
Finding Cognitive Balance: Professionalism and the Irrational
Most readers will be familiar with Malcolm Gladwell, who tackled some of these ideas in his runaway bestselling book Blink from 2005. Gladwell provided anecdotal evidence for a kind of emotional algorithm, validating choices that seem to be made in an instant. In Gladwell's findings, great decisions aren't necessarily those made through a laborious process of information gathering and deliberation but are best made by those who have perfected the art of filtering the few factors that matter most from an overwhelming number of variables. Unfortunately, Blink could also reinforce lazy tendencies. We are not saying here that because first impressions sometimes prove to be correct, one should always follow the gut and glibly trust instinct above reason. What is clear, however, is that our default mode network is doing more than blinking at the world through a transparent eye.
This brings me back to artists, mentioned above. There is a tradition of the irrational element in the arts, generally. Our concentration here is not with a pathological sense of the irrational. The poet and career Hartford insurance executive Wallace Stevens wrote often on this topic, and directly addressed what neuroscience is discovering in the default mode network of the brain. What interested Stevens was, "a particular process in the rational mind which we recognize as irrational in the sense that it takes place unaccountably . . . ." He continues, "It is easy to brush aside the irrational with the statement that we are rational beings, Aristotelians and not brutes. But it is becoming easier every day to say that we are irrational beings; that all irrationality is not of a piece and that the only reason why it does not yet have a tradition is that its tradition is in progress." The irrational has legitimacy in how we approach risk. Recognition and acknowledgement of the irrational element in our thinking is itself a heuristic, a practical method for reaching immediate goals.
In 2016 educational psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar found in a study that students at the University of Maryland were able to solve creative problems more successfully if they pretend to "behave like an eccentric poet rather than a rigid librarian." As an occasional lecturer in college classrooms, I observe more rigid poets than eccentric librarians, but the point is clear. Pretend, when you're stuck in a creative process, to be someone else for a short time. Risk management isn't about avoidance; nonprofit leaders must take on enough risk to move nonprofits forward. The embrace of heuristics for creative problem solving to simplify complex issues can be a practical approach to self-discovery and makes the most of institutional knowledge, decoupling us from rational-to-a-fault modes of habitual thinking. If you'll risk it.
Glenn Mott is a Senior Consultant for the Nonprofit Risk Management Center, and a partner at New Narrative North America, a media and communications firm with offices in New York and Hong Kong.


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text:
Q: ¿ Como puedo listar las unidades de Disco dvd de mi Pc con C#? Hola estoy tratando de listas las unidades de DVD de mi PC con C#. Pero no se como listar solo las unidades de DVD.
Equipo:
C:\\\\  -- Unidad de disco duro
D:\\\\  -- Unidad de disco.
E:\\\\  -- Unidad de disco.
F:\\\\  -- Unidad de DVD o Cd.
G:\\\\  -- Unidad de DVD o Cd.

Salida:
1.F:\\\\  -- Unidad de DVD o Cd.
2.G:\\\\  -- Unidad de DVD o Cd.

A: Utiliza el método:
System.IO.DriveInfo.GetDrives();

Mas info en el enlace: listar unidades

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hoot Owl Books – Hoot Owl Books is an Independent Imprint set to bring Inspiring Young Authors' works to light!
Book Réka for your next event or inspirational speaker engagement.
Hoot Owl Books is an Independent Imprint set to bring Inspiring Young Authors' works to light!
Hoot Owl's principles are founded on the belief that you can always achieve your dreams and that in the face of adversity, persistence is key!
OUR FUTURE IS HERE TODAY!
We believe in a very different future to the past.
One where young people are taken seriously and treated as equals before having to prove themselves worthy to be heard!
We believe that the world is missing a key to its development because it denies youth the ability to have a full say.
At Hoot Owl Books, our long term goal for our imprint is to provide a forum for young inspiring talent to be able to come to the forefront of the publishing world and be read by all!
Deep in the heart of Andalusia on the outskirts of the ancient towering walls of Arcos de la Frontera is a seemingly quiet town, which holds a chillingly malevolent secret. Once revealed it will challenge the very fabrics of what we consider reality to be.
Born of the Dream, Fūko (short for Fukushima), a two-and-half-year-old Patterdale Terrier, holds the key to this mystery and upon him is thrust the responsibility of the Guardian, a role that plunges him into the thick of an adventure that spans the vastness of time and the dimensions of existence.
Will Fūko be able to navigate the treacherous path of becoming the fully fledged Guardian, all while protecting his adopted dog family and facing an energy so entangled in the Dream that it threatens to envelop and enslave all of humanity, the animal domain, and all of existence with it?
Told through rich allegory, Dawn of the Guardian offers readers a journey into the world of lucid dreaming through an adventurous, fun-filled, and often spine-chilling tale.


Pacho Gangotena showing what fertile soil looks like.
As part of the 2010 Groundswell International conference organized by Ekorural in Quito, Ecuador, Ekorural and other Groundswell members visited Pacho Gangotena's farm in Puembo, Ecuador. We were just the latest of some 19,000 farmers that have come to learn from Pacho over the past two decades. Pacho is among the most influential actors in the organic agriculture / agroecology movement in the Andes.
In addition to inspiring thousands of farmers through these exchange visits, Pacho's tireless work off the farm has helped create a network of thousands of small farmers as well as a number of influential farmer organizations, including the Coordinadora Ecuatoriana de Agroecología (CEA) and Corporación de Productores Biológicos del Ecuador (PROBIO). Pacho is also credited with inspiring Ecuador's food soverighty movement, which recently won passage of the first Food Soverighty Law in the Americas.
Ekorural regularly collaborates with Pacho and his allies to grow and strengthen the country's agroecological food movement.


The topic this time out is: Books To Read on Vacation!
Yes, I am actually going on vacation. Family is ripping me away from work to go pay for them to have fun. (Joking!) I'll try to have some fun too.
I'm mentioning this because I am here to ask for your help. Instead of just putting a list together on this topic, I've decided to pick a few books from my tbr pile and ask for your input on which ones I should give a try. So please stick around for the poll at the end of the post and be sure to vote!
Oh, I couldn't weed my list to just ten, so I'm do twenty this week!


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Rebuilt Dual Turntable Dual 1019 turntable, one of Dual's higher rated turntables, 4 speed, just serviced at Feist Electronics.
A Denon DP 57L in beautiful condition. This is one of the best built and sounding. It has a high end Denon 103 cardridge. Also includes all 4 tonearm weights.
Additional results related to "Turntable / Record Player Turntable / Record Player"


Towards the end of June, I covered a few discoveries regarding HIV's ability to cause havoc with the human immune system. The studies provided some new information regarding the virus' interactions with the immune system, information that may prove useful in the future. But at the moment the data mostly serves to deepen the confusion about why this virus is so devastating to humans.
So the thought that more study could lead to greater confusion was on my mind recently. It came up again as I listened to the press conference on a report from the National Academies of Science. The report gave an evaluation on the current state of knowledge in reconstructions of recent climates. If you listen to the audio of the press conference, there's a long question-and-answer session towards the end. One question, however, leapt out at me.
The question focused on the Medieval Warm Period, a time of relatively high temperatures in Northern Europe that coincided with the westward colonization of the Vikings. More detailed studies of samples from around the world, however, have recently suggested that the situation is much more complex. Although some regions of the planet warmed during that time, others did not. Those areas that warmed also did so on different schedules. Combined with large uncertainties in the data, the NAS panel was forced to conclude that the evidence for the Medieval Warm period was ambiguous at best, and that any such even did not represent a period of global climate change.
This really bothered the questioner, who made a series of statements and questions that distilled down to the following: how could we have spent all that money on the studies and wind up knowing less than we appeared to when they started? The scientist who fielded that question seemed to have a hard time of it—after all, how do you distill an inevitable aspect of science down within the context of a press conference?
There are two potential ways of portraying this to the public that have come to my mind since. The first is to simply return to a statement that's become a bit of a cliche: the best scientific results raise as many questions as they answer. In this way, knowing that the Medieval Warm Period wasn't global is a good scientific result, as it raises the question as to whether those regions that did warm shared something in common. A second way would be to point out that the work was a success in that it allowed us to recognize the complexities of the situation. In the US, a war on cancer was declared in the early seventies, and billions of research dollars have been spent during the intervening years. But decades went by during which most of the progress involved thee recognition that cancer was not a single disease, but rather a complex array of diseases. Have those billions been poorly spent? As we are now seeing the first targeted therapies based on this understanding, it's easy to say no. Whether that could have been said so easily a decade ago, however, is less clear.


text:
package org.spincast.tests;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.spincast.core.guice.SpincastGuiceModuleBase;
import org.spincast.core.guice.SpincastPlugin;
import org.spincast.core.routing.Router;
import org.spincast.core.utils.ContentTypeDefaults;
import org.spincast.plugins.httpclient.HttpResponse;
import org.spincast.plugins.routing.SpincastRoutingPlugin;
import org.spincast.shaded.org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.spincast.testing.core.utils.SpincastTestingUtils;
import org.spincast.testing.defaults.NoAppStartHttpServerTestingBase;
import org.spincast.tests.varia.CustomRouter2;

import com.google.inject.Module;
import com.google.inject.Scopes;
import com.google.inject.util.Modules;

public class CustomRouterNotParameterizedTest extends NoAppStartHttpServerTestingBase {

    @Override
    protected Module getExtraOverridingModule() {
        return Modules.override(super.getExtraOverridingModule()).with(new SpincastGuiceModuleBase() {

            @Override
            protected void configure() {
                bind(Router.class).to(CustomRouter2.class).in(Scopes.SINGLETON);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected List<SpincastPlugin> getExtraPlugins() {

        //==========================================
        // Replaces the default routing plugin
        //==========================================
        List<SpincastPlugin> extraPlugins = new ArrayList<SpincastPlugin>();
        extraPlugins.add(new SpincastRoutingPlugin());
        return extraPlugins;
    }

    @Override
    protected void clearRoutes() {
        // We don't want to clear router data here!
    }

    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {

        HttpResponse response = GET("/one").send();
        assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, response.getStatus());
        assertEquals(ContentTypeDefaults.TEXT.getMainVariationWithUtf8Charset(), response.getContentType());
        assertEquals(SpincastTestingUtils.TEST_STRING, response.getContentAsString());

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Vandals Break In, Steal 120 Whoopie Pies From Fairground Booth
Stephanie Frey
Over the weekend thieves broke in to a Lions Club's booth at the Skowhegan Fairgrounds and stole 120 whoopie pies, emptied a fridge full of cookies drank half a gallon of iced tea and proceeded to trash the booth, throwing plastic gloves and silverware all over the floor, the Associated Press reports.
John Youney, a director of the Skowhegan Lions Club, says there's about $1,000 worth of damage or stolen goods. He added that the club had hosted a fundraiser on Thursday, and everything was in its place at that time.
The article says Lions Club members noticed the break in Sunday morning and they believe it happened Saturday night.
John Youney says those who did it can confess and work off the cost by helping the club with it's volunteer work.
Local police didn't comment except to say they are investigating the incident.
Filed Under: Associated Press, Break-In, happening in Maine, Lions Club, Skowhegan Fairgrounds, Theft, vandals, Whoopie Pies

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


My latest Cookie/Nesting post covers these Kids Mirrors. How fun would it be to mimick the same playful pose in front of one of these?
Mmm… I don't know, there's something a bit "The Shining" about these, imagine one of the little darlings scrawling REDRUM across one of these. If they did the mirror in the form of the scary wee twin girls, it would be a rather chilling piece of decor..
Wow, I don't think "The Shining" at all. They would be great for a modern kid's room. Somebody has got a really creative imagination or they don't have kids.
Shining? I don't see it. I think the mirrors are pretty great. If only I was fortunate enough to have such cool decor as a child.
I hope I have one for me and every kid that coming to my home can play in it.


Meet the set of 50 gorgeous watercolor illustrations available in vector EPS format and PNG with transparent background. Flowers, leaves, branches, corals, berries and seamless patterns — all these assets can become an ultimate artistic tool and bring your work to the next level. Whatever project you are working on right now: wedding invitation, apparel design, greeting cards, packaging, stationery, logo design, merchandise, posters, websites, digital presentations — Watercolor Wonders would be a great addition to the visual.
To make your work even more convenient and fluid, we've carefully digitized and included in the package vector version of each and every element from the set, which makes Watercolor Wonders essential for any graphic designer.
6 unique patterns 600x600 (PNG,JPG, EPS).


Vatican City:- On Sunday Pope Francis said that to be a Christian isn't easy, but means having faith and striving to live a moral life even when it's hard, trusting in God and his love during moments of weakness and anxiety.
"Christianity doesn't offer easy consolations, it's not a shortcut, but requires faith and a healthy moral life which rejects evil, selfishness and corruption," the Pope said March 11.
Pope Francis spoke to pilgrims in St. Peter's Square for his Sunday Angelus address, which he focused on the day's passage from John's Gospel when Jesus speaks to Nicodemus, explaining what will happen to those who believe and walk in truth, and what will happen to those who don't.
Jesus' affirmation that "God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world might be saved through him," synthesize the core of Christian message, Francis said.
Christians, he said, are called to listen to this announcement and to reject the temptation to be too sure of themselves, wanting to "do without God," and be "liberated" from him and his word.
"When we find the courage to consider ourselves for what we are, we realize that we are people called to deal with our fragility and our limits," he said, noting that at times thinking about these weaknesses can lead people to be anxious for the future, or afraid of illness and death.
To do this, he said, "is a matter of opening the heart." And during Lent in particular, this means opening means increasingly opening oneself to God in a better way.
Pope Francis closed his address asking that Mary would help obtain for each person this certainty that they are loved by God.


Description: a root canal is necessary when a tooth has been injured, inflamed or has a cavity that has damaged the tooth's nerve. This therapy usually involves local anesthesia and may be completed in one or more visits depending on the treatment required. During the root canal your nerve is removed, the canals are cleaned and filled with a rubber like material called gutta percha.
If your tooth is not responsive to endodontic treatment or the chance of success is unfavorable, you will be informed of alternative treatments.
Office Visit: 1-2 visits. After completion of the root canal, a post is placed and a crown is fabricated & permanantly cemented.


Wow! How can we resist these Aracena heels, a great find from the brand Menbur! Featuring a trendy grey fabric upper, this model will fit right into your shoe collection. With a 9cm heel, these shoes will highlight your silhouette. So chic!


Mother's Day is on Sunday and all our moms deserve a little pampering.
When you think about it, it's sad they only get one day of the year devoted to them because they deserve so much more. Celebrate your moms by doing something special for her on Mother's Day.
Breakfast in bed, flowers and cards, dinner out on Mother's Day - we've all been there, done that. But have you tried something different, something memorable that your mom really enjoyed? Or are you a mom who wishes that her family would do certain things to celebrate the day? Your tips, suggestions, and ideas can help to make this Mother's Day the best one yet.
Ok, Mom does not need a kitchen appliance, a coffee mug that says "World's Greatest Mom" or an apron. Finding the perfect gift, something special that will capture our appreciation in the same way those handmade and misshapen clay bowls from elementary school used to.
Make her feel as special as she is with a thoughtful gift from the heart. Here are a few favorite items that any Mother would surely love. (Hint, Hint: I would).
Jewelry - Give Mom some bling.
Spa Day - Let Mom be pampered.
Flowers - Let Mom smell the roses.
Photo Shoot - Get the family portrait taken.
Sweet Treats - Tasty sweets for Mom to enjoy.
Cooking Class - Send Mom to school to learn some new recipes.
Dancing Lessons - Mom can be the dancing star of the family.
Tech accessories - Get Mom a fancy new case for her cell phone.
Show Tickets - A night on the town at a local venue.
Backyard furniture - Mom would love a new comfy chaise.
Ride the Rides-Mom rides free with the purchase of one P.O.P.
How will you celebrate Mom? Let us know on LongIsland.com Forum.
Subject: LongIsland.com - Your Name sent you Article details of "Last Minute Mother's Day Gift Ideas"


Disappointments are kind of eyewash that make blessings when come uninvited seen for what they are. Life often weaves especially when we are young and untried, a film of complacency over our viewpoint. We are certain that if we do not get what we have set our hearts upon we might as well call our lives wasted. My experience has shown from hindsight that nothing has disappointed me as much as my imperfect understanding of life. Getting over my downs and having come this far I thank for those disappointments that instead settled me into a course far more fulfilling than what I first craved for.


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Public Health Genomics: 15 Years On
Posted on January 3, 2013 by Muin J Khoury, Director, Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
In 2012, the United States and the United Kingdom marked 15 years of public health genomics, a multidisciplinary field that deals with the effective and responsible translation of genome-based science to improve population health. Fifteen years ago, a new era of personalized healthcare and disease prevention seemed only around the corner. However, the promise of the Human Genome Project was mixed with unrealistic expectations. The "genomics revolution" was expected to be applied in the very near term to broad segments of the population. The public health genomics community called for a scientific approach to explore the balance of benefits and harms of the new science in both clinical and population health applications. Simultaneously, an international collaboration developed a road map for integration of emerging genomic technologies into health practice. A major achievement for public health genomics has been an enhanced dialogue among the basic, clinical and public health-related scientific communities. Public health genomics also has begun to prepare the workforce for integrating new tools in practice and for integrating genomics in public health's essential functions of assessment, policy development, assurance and evaluation.
So where are we 15 years later? With rapid improvements in technology, we are seeing the leading edge for applications of whole genome sequencing in health practice both for the detection and control of infectious disease outbreaks, and for the identification of people with increased risk for a wide variety of rare and common diseases of public health significance. Although much of the field will be a work in progress for quite some time, an increasing number of genomic applications can actually save lives now by improving health and preventing disease in the US and worldwide. As the genomics revolution turned into an evolution, it is no longer the case that genomics is "not ready for prime time" for clinical and public health use. Nevertheless, public health's initially understandable but still persisting "wait and see" attitude needs to change.
To help with the integration of the tools of genomics in health practice, in 2012, the CDC Office of Public Health Genomics developed an evidence-based classification schema for human genomic applications in medical and population settings. The schema takes a population perspective for an emerging role for public health programs to supplement clinical practice. One may be surprised to see on this list several applications that are supported by recommendations from evidence panels. In addition to newborn screening, which is the largest public health genetics program in the world, an increasing number of applications are being regularly added to the list. Newborn screening in the United States leads to the diagnosis and management of more than 12,000 newborns every year with one of 31 disorders recommended for the uniform newborn screening panel. Additionally, there are currently about 2 million persons in the US affected with one of three genetic conditions that put them at increased risk for early heart attacks and cancer. Most affected individuals are not aware of their risk and there are evidence-based interventions that can significantly reduce their risk. A combined public health and healthcare approach using cascade screening could provide access to genetic evaluation and preventive interventions in relatives of affected patients. These applications are only the tip of the iceberg for what's to come in the next decade. For example, there are genomic tests in clinical practice for more than 2500 diseases, more than 100 pharmacogenomic tests that have been suggested for use for a wide variety of diseases, emerging prenatal tests, enhanced newborn screening panels, a plethora of genome-based biomarkers, as well as the advent of whole genome sequencing for both pathogens and humans.
The next 5 years will require a closer collaboration among public health, healthcare organizations and the private sector to implement what we know to benefit populations. The public health community can serve as the honest broker for rapidly emerging applications and technologies, and help ensure that the tools of public health science are used appropriately to evaluate the health impact of genomics at the individual and population levels.
Categories genomics, public health
Tags genetics, genomics, public health
Page last reviewed: April 21, 2021
Content source: Office of Public Health Genomics
Archivesplus icon
personal genomics
whole genome sequence
pharmacogenomics
Authorsplus icon
Muin J. Khoury
Scott Bowen
David Dotson
Marta Gwinn
Office of Genomics & Precision Public Health


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Home / Uncategorized / Virginia's Go To Lawyers – Business Law: Adam N. Harrell Jr.
Virginia's Go To Lawyers – Business Law: Adam N. Harrell Jr.
Adam Harrell Jr.
Harrell & Chambliss LLP
Co Managing Partner
Education / Certifications:
BA, with distinction, University of Virginia
JD, University of Pennsylvania School of Law
What is the field or practice area for which you are best known?
Please describe a signature case, deal or transaction.
Theatre Row Building, a commercial office building in Richmond. This project involved the construction of an office building owned by the Richmond Redevelopment and Housing Authority. This project kept the front entrance/visage of the Theatre Row Movie Theatre intact. The RRHA issued revenue bonds to finance this project and the building's anchor tenant was the Commonwealth of Virginia's Department of Social Services. The building was later transferred to the City of Richmond from RRHA. This method of construction, preserving a significant portion of an old building with new construction was innovative, being one of the first projects of this type built in the city. Our firm served as bond counsel and counsel to RRHA from the time the building was under construction until its transfer to the City of Richmond.
Please briefly mention up to three additional important cases, deals or transactions.
Richmond Hilton Hotel – Rehabilitation of the old Miller & Rhoads department store building. Worked with the City of Richmond's planning and zoning departments to assist the developer in working through all of the land use, zoning and building permit issues to facilitate the rehabilitation and construction of the Richmond Hilton Hotel, formerly known as the Richmond Garden Inn Hotel.
Southside Community Development and Housing Corporation — Assisted CDC with the development of affordable housing subdivisions in Chesterfield (Rachel's Way) and the City of Richmond (Matthews at Chestnut Hill, Mimosa Creek and the Hollands).
El Tapatio — Assisted company with the acquisition of restaurant properties in Norfolk and Virginia Beach.
Describe your approach to working with clients.
We develop strategies that allow our clients to efficiently achieve their goals as economically feasibly as possible. We also focus on maintaining consistent communication with our clients.
What is the best career advice you've received?
If you cannot find a way, make a way and then get paid.
What developments in business law do you expect to see in 2021?
We will see the continued increase in transactions closing remotely via the use of electronic signatures and notarizations.
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Step 1- Determine Swing Location Keep in mind you'll want to allow four feet of room in front and behind the swing for adequate swinging motion. Locate the ceiling joists above the area, ours were exposed underneath a deck. You MUST install your swing into a structural beam of some sort for safety.
You'll want to allow four feet of room in front and behind the swing for adequate swinging motion. Locate the ceiling joists above the area (ours were exposed underneath a deck). You must install your swing into a structural beam for safety.
Measure for the middle of the swing to get an average width, then make two marks with that measurement along the joist with a pencil (Image 1). Drill pilot holes using a drill bit thinner than the eye bolt (provided in swing kit) in preparation for installation (Images 2 and 3).
Never use a drill bit as thick as your eye bolt, as it will render the swing unsafe.
Step 3- Install Eye Bolts Install the eye bolts by hand until the threading is out of sight. Use a screw driver for more leverage if needed. At minimum, use a .5 inch thick x 5-inch long eye bolt. Use a tiny bit of soap or oil to lubricate the eye bolts as needed to get them started in the hole.
Install the eye bolts by hand until the threading is out of sight. Use a screwdriver for more leverage if needed. At minimum, use a 1/2x 5" long eye bolt. Use a small amount of soap or oil to lubricate the eye bolts if needed.
Step 4- Add Threaded Links Once the eye bolts, are in place, add what's called a "quick link" with a threaded opening to each eye bolt. This is what you'll attach the chain to in the next step. Close it securely by turning the nut by hand.
Once the eye bolts are in place, add a quick link (provided in the swing kit) with a threaded opening to each eye bolt. This is what you'll attach the chain to in the next step. Close it securely by turning the nut by hand.
Attach each chain (provided in swing kit) to the threaded link hanging off the eyebolt above (Image 1). As a general rule, a swing is most comfortable with the seat hung about 17-19" off the ground (Image 2). If you're buying your own chain, make sure it's welded for safety and buy extra in case you need it. Adjust the swing to your comfort, making sure it's level. Remove any excess chain using bolt cutters (Image 3). If you use rope instead of a chain, make sure it's thick and marine grade, so it'll stand up to the weather.
Periodically check your swing, chain and its hardware/fasteners for wear and fatigue from the elements. You will periodically need to re-paint, stain or seal a wooden swing to keep it from deteriorating.


BEYAA TANZANIA LIMITED was officially incorporated by the Registrar of Business Company names on 28th August, 2008 under the Law of the United Republic of Tanzania. Since then the company has been involved in Provision of Fumigation Services all around the country.
Specifically we deal with Controlling and extermination of insects and rodents in private homes, public institutions , warehouses and in the storage Bins, controlling of pests in gardens and farms.
We provide control and extermination of insects and rodents in private homes, public institutions and fields by the use of ultra modern equipment, approved pesticides, insecticides and herbicides which have rapid knock-down with short residual period and clean – out treatment in premises, such as food warehouses, storage bins, poultry/livestock and human habits.
With our mother Earth environmental protection in mind we dedicated to undertake all precautionary measures and to use non-hazardous chemicals and application to non-target organisms.
The company has an experience of over five (5) years doing business and through its experience and good service rendered to the customers the company has successfully attracted several customers in various Governmental Department, Parastatal Organization, International Organization, NGO's and Private Companies as appeared in the list of our clients.
BEYAA TANZANIA LIMITED is further distinguished from competition due to its credibility, experience, highly competent services and more importantly its sufficient capital, which enable the company to meet the demands of all its customers all year round. Its customers include Government Ministries and Departments, Parastatal Organizations, Diplomatic Missions, Non-Governmental Organizations; Higher Learning Institutions just to mention a few.


Have you ever wondered if your house is haunted? You can hire self-described psychics who claim they can channel the dead and remove bad spirits from your home but their services don't come cheap.
The Rossen Reports team set up appointments with several psychics, then rented a brand-new home in a New Jersey suburb where no one has ever lived, and rigged it with a dozen hidden cameras.


Antioch College is located in Yellow Springs, Ohio. This private institution was founded in 1852.
There are two areas of concentration in the Sciences: Environmental Science or Health Science. The following information was taken from the on-line course catalog.
This course investigates the wide variety of plant forms and the molecular mechanisms that generate them. It provides a conceptual framework for understanding plant development that includes an evolutionary perspective. Ecological principles will be used to examine plant population and community processes. Special attention will be given to plant/animal interactions such as pollination, dispersal, and herbivory. The lab component will use local habitats to gain hands-on experience in field observations and data collection and analysis.
The science of plant biology and the many uses of plants by humans are an important aspect of our lives in the 21st century. This course will examine certain biological concepts as they relate to contemporary, historical, technological, and social issues of our global ecosystem. Such concepts include the impact of dwindling forest resources, the increased pressure that human population expansion is putting on natural habitats and ecosystems, and how plants provide people with the basic essentials of life: food, shelter, heat, oxygen.
This course is designed to develop skills and knowledge necessary to identify and understand the ecological structure of the woody plants of the eastern deciduous forest community. We will learn the terminology, form, habitat, and plant structure of the woody plants throughout the course, as well as the ecological significance of the original plant communities typical of this bioregion. Field trips will enhance the material learned in the classroom.
This course will cover the basic principles of ecology, with a natural history and evolutionary perspective. The activities of organisms and their relationships to one another are the foundation upon which populations, communities, and ecosystems are built. We will examine factors that influence exchanges between organisms and their physical environment; how organisms transform energy and process materials as they metabolize, grow, and reproduce; the characteristics of populations and how they interact within communities; the dynamics of ecosystems.


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States should set service priorities
By BY Examiner Staff • March 26, 2008 12:00 am
Hundreds of state and local governments have saved taxpayer dollars while delivering needed services more efficiently by having private companies handle everything from garbage pickup to welfare administration. But an obscure amendment to the House version of the pending farm bill could hobble such efforts. House-Senate negotiators racing to beat an April 18 deadline ought to scuttle the amendment and leave states free to decide for themselves how best to provide services.
Most immediately threatened is the Food Stamp program, which is run by the states with money provided through the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Current regulations require that ultimate "certification" of a recipient's eligibility be conducted only by a state employee. Fine. The amendment, by Rep. Joe Baca, D-San Bernardino, would extend that bureaucratic monopoly to "any official communications with a prospective applicant." In short, states would not be free to pay private firms to administer Food Stamp services. Even nonprofits would be excluded. The Baca amendment is disguised as a quality control requirement. But it would prevent states from taking advantage of competitive bidding, more flexible labor arrangements and technological advances that are more easily implemented in the dynamic private sector than in rule-bound state bureaucracies. No wonder public employee unions are enthusiastically backing Baca.
Consider two examples. First, private companies often can stay open for more hours than unionized state employees are allowed to work, meaning they can better meet the varied schedules of people seeking aid. Second, many states are trying to implement what amounts to "one-stop shopping" for aid recipients so they can apply at one time and place for benefits rather than filling out forms multiple times at multiple state offices for, say, Medicaid, the children's health program known as SCHIP, or the Women and Infant Children program. One private-sector worker, using modern technology, could do the work of five state employees each answering to a different bureaucratic chieftain.
If this provision passes, it could set a precedent for Medicaid and those other programs whose administrative functions already are widely performed by private firms. A new survey by Spectrum Science Communications shows that all 50 states and Washington, D.C., "outsource at least some aspect of direct beneficiary services for means-tested programs." In toto, states outsource an astonishing 309 such programs. If provisions such as the Baca Amendment take root, those programs could be horribly disrupted, adding huge costs to state budgets while adding uncertainty and red tape for millions of beneficiaries. That's clearly a bad bargain.


Travel is essential to support the University's mission. We strive to ensure that payments and reimbursements for travel are timely, compliant, and accurate. Please use this website as a resource for UA business travel.
If you are a Concur pilot participant click here for the pilot travel website.
The university is conducting a comprehensive reexamination of our travel program to create a more streamlined and user friendly experience. Click here for more information.
Alaska Airlines policy change: effective October 2, 2017 non-refundable tickets not canceled before departure will be canceled by Alaska Airlines and will not be available as a credit for future flights. Click here for more information.


Trump paint's the world around him with broad strokes. Just as he employees hundreds of Hispanics, Trump has lots of Muslim friends. However when asked specifically about derogatory statements he's spouted…claiming Mexicans are "rapists and murderers,"…and agreeing with the birthers that Obama was not born in America…Trump refuses to acknowledge his stupidity.
Trump is like a blind man painting the world as he "sees" it. Not that the handicapped are incapable of creating beauty from seemingly nothing, it's only that Trump is an ignoramus. He refuses to see what's right there in front of him. He chooses to pick and choose what he sees…and ignores all the rest.
So where do the rest of us fit into Trump's purview of the world?
Obviously we're all dummies to Trump. Those of us who believe the authenticity of Obama's birth certificate, and those of us who believe in the goodness of individuals, refusing to lump them all together within an ethnic group.
And why doesn't Trump counter the extremists among his own followers? Those who hate that the President is a black man, and worse that his name is proof-positive (to them) that Obama is Muslim. It's because Trump, a supposed sophisticated man of the world, really is an uneducated bumpkin at heart. If not for his wealthy trappings, he would just as easily fit in with the right-wing element of the Republican Party who want to be left alone and have nothing to do with a society that believes we are all one people.
This entry was posted in ethnic, government, media, politics, values and tagged Americans, Donald Trump, extremists, Hispanics, Mexicans, Muslims, postaday 2015, President Obama, presidential campaign, Republican Party. Bookmark the permalink.
Here's hoping. But one never knows. By the way, Florini's comments about Planned Parenthood were totally false. How can anyone be at all interested in her?


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Q: Word or expression for to describe the creation of a question I'm trying to find an active way of say something like "I was looking through the backlog and I acquired the following question". Perhaps a less casual way of saying "I was looking through the backlog and thought, 'wait, [question]'?

A: A common AmE expression for this is:
"I was looking through the backlog when this question occurred to me ..."

OCCUR verb (intransitive) --curs, --curring, --curred :
1. to happen; take place; come to pass: "When did the accident occur?"
2. to be met with or found; present itself; appear.
3. to suggest itself in thought; come to mind (usually followed by to):
  "An idea occurred to me."
from Dictionary.com


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Spanish Colonial Manuscripts at the Benson Latin American Collection
Ana de los Reyes
OverviewVersions
The graph displays the other subjects mentioned on the same pages as the subject "Ana de los Reyes". If the same subject occurs on a page with "Ana de los Reyes" more than once, it appears closer to "Ana de los Reyes" on the graph, and is colored in a darker shade. The closer a subject is to the center, the more "related" the subjects are.
Limit the graph to subjects in these categories (leave blank to show all): Select categories PeoplePlaces
Minimum number of subjects Show related subjects that appear on at least this number of pages in common with Ana de los Reyes.
Update Graph
7 pages refer to Ana de los Reyes
Show pages that mention Ana de los Reyes in all works
17 — Ana de los Reyes
9 — Ana de los Reyes
Search the text of Spanish Colonial Manuscripts at the Benson Latin American Collection for pages containing words used to link to Ana de los Reyes
Only search text of pages which do not link to Ana de los Reyes


Cookware : To Buy Copper Cookware Copper Ceramic Cookware Reviews Copper Base Pan Set Copper Cook Pan On Tv Glass Pots And Pans. Copper Stainless Steel Cookware. Stainless And Copper. Nouvelle Stainless Steel Cookware Set. Cooks Stainless Steel Cookware.
By B15MiLl4hcodingcolor. Cookware. At Thursday, October 18th 2018, 20:19:18 PM.


Small Groups, year three. Five weeks of conversation that will explore Love. Rabbi Spitz has written a booklet that will offer content and context for you to meet with friends five times to further your understanding of how love informs your life.
Click here for a PDF of the small group booklet: "Born to Love: Why, How and With Whom?
Click here for the "Leading a Life of Significance" flyer.
Among the topics are: What does it mean to lead a life of significance? What is the value of community? How is Torah relevant to our lives? What is the place of Israel in Jewish belonging? What role does Judaism serve in character development? How does Jewish worship and ritual elevate our lives? How does a stronger Jewish identity lead to greater care for the larger world?
The following questions and answers will help you get started.
"Small groups" are friends who meet on a weekly basis for five conversations on pre-set topics. A group is as small as two people or as large as the group desires.
How does a group get formed?
Thanksgiving (November 24th), with a communal wide concluding celebration on Sunday, November 20th.
Just notify the office that you want to be a host and ask a friend of group of friends to join you for five consecutive weekly conversations. The host will share with the synagogue office the names of their group members and we will provide materials for group participants, including a daily quote and suggested articles to read to enhance the group discussion. For many of the gatherings, we will also offer a youtube video as a prompt. It is gratifying to serve as a host, which entails four simple acts: H- Have a heart for people; O – Open your home; S– Serve a snack; T-Talk.
I want to participate, but not yet as the host. What do I do?
Ask friends if they are hosting. Also consider, contacting our office. We will match you with a group to enable you to expand your circle of friends by learning, listening, and speaking together.
The engine for the success of this engagement of learning and reflection is agreeing to host. Please sign up and get your friends to join you. The time frame is focused so as to build on the conversations. The time frame is limited, knowing that you are busy, but that if the goal is worthy you and your friends will prioritize the time.
On the High Holy Days of 5776 (2015) my synagogue community launched a 40-Day campaign of learning and conversation around my book, Increasing Wholeness (Jewish Lights Publishing, 2015). The mega-churches, such as Saddleback, have used the format of small group learning as their engine of growth and community making. I was unsure if my busy constituents would buy-in to prioritizing such study time. They did and with great results, exceeding my expectations in both the number of people who agreed to host a salon of five one-hour conversations and the reports of the several hundred participants of their satisfaction in sharing meaningful conversations and learning with friends.
Please let me know if you would like to receive the materials that accompanied the book – a host guide, a reader's guide, and 40 days of quotes. What I share with you is a model that you might use with other books or materials. I now see small group campaigns as an essential vehicle for building and growing our communities.
Increasing Wholeness: Jewish Wisdom & Guided Meditations to Strengthen & Calm Body, Heart, Mind & Spirit. by Rabbi Elie Kaplan Spitz, Jewish Lights Publishing, 2015.


For more information contact our Food Shelf Coordinator at 218.326.4420 ext. 25 or by email.
*Please donate food that has a good Use by/Expiration date.
** We are unable to accept home-canned food or privately processed meat due to food safety regulations.
What is Harvest to End Hunger MN?
Every community has "hidden hungry" who are struggling to gain stability during tough times. The six Feeding America food banks serving local regions in Minnesota have joined forces to offer farmers like you a simple way to help fight hunger in your local community. Through Harvest to End Hunger MN, farmers can donate excess produce that will go to food banks and food shelves locally.
How can farmers help end hunger?
Produce Donations: Donate excess crops such as sweet corn, potatoes, green beans and apples to your local food bank.
* Please call ahead for large donations.
For more information contact our Operations Manager at 218.326.4420 ext. 14 or by email.


Do you love the book (or the movie) The Grinch? If so, check out these Petco Black Friday Freebies. If you make a purchase at Petco on Black Friday and use a Pals Reward card, your dog or cat gets a Grinch freebie! Your cat can get a Grinch hat, or your dog can get antlers that were inspired by Max from The Grinch. Be sure to check out all the Petco Black Friday deals!


IPV market solutions: how can Asset Control help?
At Asset Control, we know the best practices in market data management. We group these requirements into system requirements, data inputs, workflow requirements, business rules, reporting and monitoring requirements.
A solution must be able to cross-reference information, consolidate sources of price information and apply validation and cleaning routines to create market derived prices. Comparing and contrasting market data sources is needed both to spot inconsistencies but also to check/monitor the quality of a market data source.
Ability to create, manage and maintain price curves and surfaces and apply rules and models.
A solution should provide easy access to data scientists van quants for modelling and backtesting via integration with typical languages such as Python and R.
Keep track of what market data you use and what is redundant.


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Causes of dizziness late in pregnancy
Beige bikinis-AnimeLab - Dragon Ball Z - Watch Full Episodes Online for Free
Wathc dragonball z online free-What Are The Best Websites To Watch Dragon Ball Z In
by Vogor
Add items from around the store. Happy shopping! Majin Buu's spree of terror continues, and his ruthlessness knows no bounds! In his quest to eliminate the remaining Z-Fighters, Buu has cut a path of destruction across the face of the Earth, leaving a trail of devastation so utterly complete that it may even be beyond the power of the Dragon Balls to repair With their efforts to stop Majin Buu quickly proving futile, the Z-Fighters have but one remaining hope against this seemingly invincible foe: the Fusion Technique!
Goku, Gohan his son and the Z fighters help save the world from Raditz and others numerous times in Dragon Ball Z episodes. Back at the Supreme Kai planet, Gohan finishes his hidden ability training, and rushes to Earth to help the others. March 17, Show Hayami Zarbon. Alternatively, why not get rid of ads forever by upgrading your account to Premium? If you think you know enough about Goku's family, you can directly proceed to watch Dragon Ball Kai online! Earn badges for watching. Hey there, we see that you're running an ad-blocker and may be blocking ads on AnimeLab.
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Thanks for being interested. Chinese Cartoon. Anthology series. Bythe first seventeen films drew a box office audience of 49 million viewers. Mythic fiction. Toriyama did have some involvement with the earlier films, omline as checking the scripts, altering new characters and their names or designing them from the ground up himself. Designed for theWatchCartoonOnline. Meanwhile, why not follow us Christian teen pop keep up to date:. Idol anime. Bitz and Bob. Font 1 :. Naruto Shippuden Watch Now Instantly.
Dragon Ball Z is an anime from Jaan released in until
Background :.
After winning the World Martial Arts tournament, Goku is now fully grown with a family, and his mightiest adventures are due to begin.
Plot Summary: Shuji and Chise are two Hokkaido high school students barely starting a relationship with each other.
But for this desperate plan to succeed, Goku will have to join forces with his oldest rival, Vegeta! Can the combined efforts of these two mighty Saiyan warriors put a stop to Majin Buu once and for all? The final battle for the fate of the universe begins! The Saiyans are coming! The last survivors of a cruel, warrior race, these ruthless villains have carved a path of destruction across the galaxy, an now they have set their sights on Earth!
They will stop at nothing until they have the wish-granting powers of the seven magic Dragon Balls for their very own Join the Madman Mailing List to hear all the latest on sales, promotions and new releases. All rights reserved. Box , Ponsonby, Auckland, New Zealand.
Madman Entertainment. Your Shopping Cart is Empty Add items from around the store. Create a Madman Account Already a Member? Sign In. Overview Stills Downloads Videos Releases. Full Episodes. Anime Snacktime Special - An Interview with Added to your cart.
Dark humor. Naruto Uzumaki is back! Chinese Cartoon. Enter Beerus, the powerful god of destruction, who awakens -- far away from Earth -- to a prophecy predicting his demise at the hands of an even more formidable being. Vanguard Cardfight!! Attack on Titan Watch Now Instantly.
Wathc dragonball z online free. Dragon Ball GT
Dragon Ball Z - streaming tv show online
Dragon Ball Z is an anime from Jaan released in until Ex Anime allows users to stream animes for free even without registration. You can watch Dragon Ball Z on this website for free. Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it! Please tell us why you don't like it! Thank you for sharing your experience! Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly. YouTube is an online video sharing and streaming website that enables content creators to share their work across the platform's large user base and network.
The service contents are either for rent or purchase. Dragon Ball has been one of the most popular anime in the history of the world. There have been a lot of demands on where to watch Dragon Ball Z online nowadays, given how the internet makes everything accessible. Different Dragon Ball movies were created, along with dozens of Dragon Ball Z figures to sell to the public.
But despite the fame, there are a lot of things that we don't know about Goku's family. Dragon Ball Z takes most of its inspiration from the story of Superman. When Planet Vegeta was destroyed by Freeza, both Goku and his brother, Raditz, were not on the planet. Goku was sent to Earth in the guise of a "mission". Another interesting fact is that the mother of Goku was never seen in the anime of Dragon Ball Z. She was on another manga that was from the same creator, and which happened in the same universe: Jaco the Galactic Patrolman, and the Dragon Ball movie entitled Dragon Ball Super: Broly.
Another similarity with Superman is that the Saiyans, along with Kryptonians, both mate only for breeding. They don't practice the idea of "love" in a relationship. However, both Superman and Goku's parents, Bardock and Gine, are in love with each other. But compared to Superman's family, Goku's lineage isn't that of a Royalty. His father, Bardock, was a Saiyan warrior, while his mother, Gine, was a Saiyan working in the labor force.
But his status changed when he married Chi-Chi who was the princess of Fire Mountain, and the daughter of the Ox-King. This made Goku's family royalty. If you think you know enough about Goku's family, you can directly proceed to watch Dragon Ball Kai online!
Amazon is an online retail company considered to be one of the largest in the world. Apart from offering a large selection of electronic devices, it also offers books and other forms of media such as DVDs and Blu-rays for anime shows like Dragon Ball Z.
The Microsoft Store is the official online shop for Microsoft devices. It has games, software, and mobile applications, as well as movies, books, and shows.
Users can also buy devices from this website. A store finder feature is also available. It's completely for free, and one of its greatest advantages is that it doesn't require any registration at all. AnimeFrenzy is an interactive website that offers subbed or dubbed English versions of anime movies, cartoons and TV shows available for online streaming.
However, downloading is not allowed. FUNimation has more than active titles and has established itself as the leading company for home video sales of Japanese animation in the United States. Kissanime website is optimized to consume low bandwidth for the videos to load fully in almost 10 seconds.
It also uploads anime series consistently in different video resolution. This item is no longer available. This could be due to the product being discontinued. If you still want to know more about it, click on Learn More. Eu is an online website resource for watching anime series and movies, both dubbed and subbed versions. Genres include drama, action, comedy, mystery, thriller, etc.
No registration is needed to start watching but downloading is not allowed. Unfortunately, the website is no longer available. Its catalog of anime and cartoons is categorized into different genres. What are the best websites to watch Dragon Ball Z? This is a good solution Sorry, something went wrong! Please try again.
Rate it. Also ranked 1 in What are the best websites to download Baki episodes. Phillip White. The quality isn't always the greatest but what more can I ask for than free? Great site for everything in my mind.
Also ranked 1 in What are the best sites to find product reviews. Free Trial. Streaming Services. I have Amazon Prime Video, and was surprised to see it on the lineup. I was able to relive some great scenes of Goku and Vegeta that I had long since forgotten. The only thing bringing the rating down is that I know there are some free sites that stream it, like Funimation.
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text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}

Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collision programmes such as Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN possibly create a deconfined state of quarks and gluons called quark-gluon plasma (QGP). At these experimental facilities, an ample amount of data have been collected, which help us to understand the thermodynamic and transport properties of the created matter. Analysis of the experimental observables such as transverse momentum spectra and collective flow of charged hadrons or electromagnetic probes necessitates the inclusion of transport parameters in their estimation. This motivates to study the transport properties of the hot QCD matter produced in heavy-ion collisions. The first experimental proof of the transport processes in the created medium is given by explaining the charged hadrons elliptic flow measured at RHIC~\cite{STAR} using dissipative hydrodynamics~\cite{Luzum}. Recently, ALICE results~\cite{ALICE1, ALICE2, ALICE3, ALICE4, ALICE5, ALICE-JHEP} have reconfirmed the relevance of these transport processes. Currently, the transport coefficients under intense investigations are shear viscosity ($\eta$), bulk viscosity ($\zeta$), electrical conductivity ($\sigma_{\rm el}$) and thermal conductivity ($\kappa$).

The space-time evolution of the system formed in ultra-relativistic high energy collisions can be quantified by the energy-momentum dissipation. The velocity gradient between the adjacent layers of the system resulting distortion in momentum distribution of the system quanta gives rise to viscous forces. Like momentum distortion, thermal dissipation also happens due to temperature gradient in the system. This can be described in terms of thermal conductivity for a system with conserved baryon current density. A strong electromagnetic field is generated in the early stages of non-central heavy-ion collisions, which is of the order of $m_{\pi}^2$. To quantify the impact of the fields on electromagnetically charged QCD medium produced, the electrical conductivity plays an important role. It gives a measure of the electric current being induced in the response of the early stage electric field~\cite{Mitra:2017sjo}. The ratios between thermal and electrical conductivity can reflect the competition between momentum transport, heat transport in the medium, respectively, leading to the verification of Wiedemann-Franz Law for a QCD medium. The electrical conductivity plays an important role in quantifying the impact of the fields on electromagnetically charged medium. It measures the electric current induced in the response of the early stage electric field. However, the thermal conductivity has a crucial role in the hydrodynamic evolution of the medium created specially at FAIR energies and in the low energy runs at RHIC, where baryon chemical potential is significant. In Ref.~\cite{Kapusta}, it is shown that the thermal conductivity diverges at the critical point and also used to study the impact of hydrodynamic fluctuations on experimental observables. Recently, various transport coefficients such as electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity for QGP are studied using the quasi-particle model. In these works, the Chapman-Enskog technique is employed from kinetic theory of many particle system with a collision term that includes the binary collisions of quarks/antiquarks and gluons~\cite{Mitra:2017sjo,Mitra:2018akk}.

Color String Percolation Model which is inspired by QCD~\cite{Armesto:1996kt,Nardi:1998qb,Braun:1999hv,Braun:1997ch,Braun:2000hd}, can be used as an alternative approach to Color Glass Condensate (CGC). The color flux tubes are stretched between the colliding partons in terms of the color field in the color string percolation scenario. ${\it q\bar q}$ pair is produced from strings in a similar way as in the Schwinger mechanism of pair creation in a constant electric field covering all the space~\cite{Phyreport}. When the energy and the number of nucleons of participating nuclei increase, the number of strings grows. Color strings may be viewed as small discs in the transverse space filled with the color field created by colliding quarks and gluons. The number of strings grows as collision energy and size of the colliding nuclei increase and starts overlapping to form clusters. When a critical string density is reached, a macroscopic cluster appears that marks the percolation phase transition which spans the transverse nuclear interaction area. 2-dimensional percolation is a non-thermal second order phase transition. In CSPM, the Schwinger barrier penetration mechanism for particle production, the fluctuations in the associated string tension and the quantum fluctuations of the color fields make it possible to define a thermodynamical equilibrium temperature. Consequently, the particle spectrum is produced with a thermal distribution. When the initial density of interacting colored strings ($\xi$) exceeds the 2D percolation threshold ($\xi_c$) i.e. $\xi > \xi_c $, a macroscopic cluster appears, which defines the onset of color deconfinement. The critical density of percolation is related to the effective critical temperature and thus percolation may be a possible way to achieve deconfinement in heavy-ion collisions \cite{PLB642} and in high multiplicity pp collisions~\cite{Gutay:2015cba,Hirsch:2018pqm}. It is observed that, CSPM can be successfully used to describe the initial stages in ultrarelativistic high energy collisions \cite{Phyreport}. Recently, we have studied the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity and shear viscosity to entropy density for strongly interacting matter using CSPM~\cite{Sahoo:2018dxn}. We have also studied the collision energies, collision centrality and colliding system size dependence of various thermodynamical and transport properties for the strongly interacting matter in a color string percolation approach~\cite{Sahoo:2017umy,Sahoo:2018dcz}.  In our earlier work \cite{Sahoo:2018dxn}, we had an extensive study of electrical conductivity of hot QCD matter using the CSPM approach. In the present report, we extend the work to include the thermal conductivity and study the famous Wiedemann-Franz law of condensed matter physics for a system with color degrees of freedom possibly created in heavy-ion collisions at the relativistic energies or in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions at the LHC energies.

The manuscript is organized as follows: Section~\ref{formulation} encompasses the derivation of electrical and thermal conductivities in color string percolation model (CSPM). The obtained results using the formulations have been discussed in Section~\ref{RD}. Finally, we present the summary of the work with possible outlook  in Section~\ref{summary}.

\section{Formulation}
\label{formulation}
In this section, we present the derivation of the electrical and thermal conductivities using CSPM for hot QCD matter and study the temperature dependence of the Lorenz number.

\subsection{Electrical Conductivity}
\label{elec}

First, we formulate the electrical conductivity of strongly interacting matter using the color string percolation approach. To start with we need to revisit the basic formalism of CSPM. A parameterisation of pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV for central Au+Au collisions is used to compute the percolation density parameter, $\xi$ by using the $p_T$ distribution. And the parameterisation is given as~\cite{Sahoo:2018dxn,Sahoo:2017umy,Sahoo:2018dcz},

\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{dN_{\rm ch}}{dp_{\rm T}^{2}} = \frac{a}{(p_{\rm 0}+{p_{\rm T}})^{\alpha}},
\end{eqnarray}

where, a is the normalisation factor and  $p_{0}$, $\alpha$ are fitting parameters given as, $p_{0}$ = 1.982 and $\alpha$ = 12.877~\cite{Phyreport}.
 Due to the low string overlap probability in pp collisions there is less probability for percolation to happen, so the fit parameters extracted by fitting $p_T$ distribution of pp collisions at  $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV are used to evaluate the interactions of the strings in Au+Au collisions. The modified parameterisation is given as,

\begin{eqnarray}
 p_{\rm 0}\rightarrow p_{\rm 0}\left(\frac{\langle  nS_{\rm 1}/S_{\rm n}\rangle_{\rm Au+Au}}{\langle nS_{\rm 1}/S_{\rm n}\rangle_{\rm pp}}\right)^{1/4}.
 \label{po}
\end{eqnarray}

Here, $S_{\rm n}$ represents the area occupied by $n$ overlapping strings. Now,

\begin{eqnarray}
 \langle \frac{nS_{\rm 1}}{S_{\rm n}} \rangle = \frac{1}{F^{\rm 2}(\xi)},
 \label{p1}
\end{eqnarray}

where, $F(\xi)$ is the color suppression factor, which is given as,

\begin{eqnarray}
 F(\xi) = \sqrt \frac{1-e^{-\xi}}{\xi}.
 \label{p1}
\end{eqnarray}

To calculate the electrical conductivity of strongly interacting matter, which is one of the most important transport properties of QCD matter, we proceed as follows. The mean free path $(\lambda_{\rm mfp})$, which denotes the relaxation of the system far from equilibrium can be written in terms of number density ($n$) of an ideal gas of quarks and gluons and the transport cross-section ($\sigma_{\rm tr}$). i.e.

\begin{eqnarray}
\lambda_{\rm mfp} = \frac{1}{n\sigma_{\rm tr}}.
\label{eq5}
\end{eqnarray}

In CSPM the number density is given by the effective number of sources per unit volume:

\begin{eqnarray}
n = \frac{N_{\rm sources}}{S_{\rm n}L}.
\label{el}
\end{eqnarray}

Here, $L$ is the longitudinal extension of the string $\sim $1 fm. The area occupied by the strings is given by the relation $(1 - e^{-\xi})S_{\rm n}$. Thus, the effective number of sources is given by the total area occupied by the strings divided by the area of an effective string, $S_1F({\xi})$ as shown below,

\begin{eqnarray}
N_{\rm sources} = \frac{(1 - e^{-\xi})S_{\rm n}}{S_{\rm 1}F({\xi})},
\label{el}
\end{eqnarray}

In general, $N_{\rm sources}$ is smaller than the number of single strings. In the limit, $\xi = 0$, $N_{\rm sources}$ equals to the number of strings $N_{\rm s}$. So,

\begin{eqnarray}
n = \frac{(1 - e^{-\xi})}{S_{\rm 1}F({\xi})L}.
\label{eq8}
\end{eqnarray}

Now, using eqs.~\ref{eq5} and~\ref{eq8}, the $\lambda_{\rm mfp}$ can be expressed in terms of percolation density parameter,

\begin{eqnarray}
\lambda_{\rm mfp} = \frac{L}{(1 - e^{-\xi})},
\label{mfp}
\end{eqnarray}

where $\sigma_{\rm tr}$, the transverse area of the effective strings equals to $S_1F(\xi)$.

Now we use Anderson-Witting model to derive the formula for electrical conductivity in which the Boltzmann transport equation is given as~\cite{Anderson},

\begin{eqnarray}
p^\mu\partial_\mu f_k + qF^{\alpha\beta}p_{\beta}\frac{\partial f_k}{\partial p^{\alpha}} = \frac{-p^\mu u_{\mu}}{\tau}(f_k - f_{eq,k}),
\label{bte}
\end{eqnarray}

where $f_k = f(x,\overrightarrow{p},t)$ is the full distribution function and $f_{eq,k}$ is the equilibrium distribution function of $\rm k^{th}$ species. $\tau$ is the mean time between collisions and $u_\mu$ denotes the fluid four velocity in the local rest frame. Eq.~\ref{bte} provides the calculation of the quark distribution after applying the electric field. The gluon distribution function remains thermal and unaffected by electric field. The assumptions that, there are as many quarks (charge $q$) as anti-quarks (charge -$q$) and uncharged gluons in the system is considered. $F^{\alpha\beta}$ is the electromagnetic field strength tensor, which in terms of electric field and the magnetic flux tensor is given as~\cite{Greif:2014oia},

\begin{eqnarray}
F^{\mu\nu} = u^{\nu} E^{\mu} - u^{\mu} E^{\nu} - B^{\mu\nu}.
\label{field}
\end{eqnarray}
The magnetic field is set to zero, $B^{\mu\nu} = 0$ in the calculations, as we are interested in the study of the effect of electric field on the system.  The electric current density of the $\rm k^{th}$ species in the $x$-direction is given as,

\begin{eqnarray}
j^x_k = q_k\int \frac{d^3p p^x}{(2\pi)^3 p^0}f_k = g_k\tau\frac{8}{3}\frac{\pi q_{k}^2 T^2}{(2\pi)^3}E^x.
\label{Current}
\end{eqnarray}
According to Ohm's law, $j^x_k = \sigma_{el}E^x$. Using eq.~\ref{Current} and relation $n_k = g_k T^3/\pi^2$, electrical conductivity in the assumption of very small electric field and no cross effects between heat and electrical conductivity in the relaxation time approximation is given by,

\begin{eqnarray}
\sigma_{\rm el} = \frac{1}{3T} \sum_{\rm k=1}^{M}q_{\rm k}^2 n_{\rm k} \lambda_{\rm mfp}.
\label{el_con}
\end{eqnarray}

Putting the expression of $\lambda_{\rm mfp}$ in eq.~\ref{el_con} and only considering the density of up quark $(u)$ and its antiquark $(\bar{u})$ in the calculation, we get the expression for $\sigma_{\rm el}$ as,

\begin{eqnarray}
\sigma_{\rm el} = \frac{1}{3T}\frac{4}{9}e^{2}n_{\rm q}(T) \frac{L}{(1 - e^{-\xi})}.
\label{el_c}
\end{eqnarray}

Here, the pre-factor 4/9 reflects the fractional quark charge squared $( \sum_{\rm f} q_{\rm f}^{2}; \ q_{\rm f} = \frac{2}{3})$ and $n_{\rm q}$ denotes the total density of quarks or antiquarks. Here, $e^2$ in the natural unit is taken as $4\pi\alpha$, where $\alpha$ = 1/137.

\subsection{Thermal Conductivity}

Thermal conductivity ($\kappa$) is another interesting observable, which describes the heat flow in interacting systems~\cite{Israel:1979wp,groot} and gained a recent interest in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions~\cite{Denicol:2012cn,Greif:2013bb}. $\kappa$ in CSPM is derived as follows:

The heat current density, $j_{Q}$, i.e. the amount of thermal energy crossing an unit area per unit time is proportional to the temperature gradient,

\begin{eqnarray}
 J_{Q} = -\kappa \frac{dT}{dx},
 \label{e1}
\end{eqnarray}

where $\kappa$ is the thermal conductivity. Hot and dense matter also called fireball created in heavy-ion collisions gives rise to numerous partons, which involve in the process of heat conduction in the fireball. Heat conduction happens both by quarks and gluons in the form of thermal energy.

From kinetic theory of gases, the thermal conductivity, $\kappa$ is evaluated by using the formula, $\kappa = (1/3) C_{V} v_{F}^2 \tau $~\cite{link,Heiselberg:1993cr}. Here $C_{V}$ is the specific heat per unit volume, $v_F$ is the Fermi velocity and $\tau$ is the mean free time of partons. Now, $\kappa$ using the expression of specific heat~\cite{link1} is written as,

\begin{eqnarray}
 \kappa = \frac{1}{3} \big(\frac{\pi^2 n k_{B}T}{2T_{F}})v_{F}^2\tau.
 \label{e3}
\end{eqnarray}

Here the Fermi temperature ($T_F$) is defined as, $T_F = E_F/k_B$ and Fermi energy, $E_F$ can be expressed as $\frac{1}{2}mv_F^2$. Now the above equation can be expressed for a system of partons as,

\begin{eqnarray}
 \kappa =  \frac{\pi^2 n k_{B}^{2}\lambda_{\rm mfp} T}{3m}
 \label{e4}
\end{eqnarray}

In natural unit, $k_{B}$ = 1 and $m$ can be written as, $m$ = 3$T$ , thermal conductivity for strongly interacting matter then becomes,

\begin{eqnarray}
 \kappa =  \frac{\sum_{k}\pi^2 n_{k}\lambda_{\rm mfp}}{9}
 \label{e4}
\end{eqnarray}

In the context of CSPM, the above equation is reduced by using the expression of $\lambda_{\rm mfp}$ as,

\begin{eqnarray}
 \kappa =  \frac{\pi^2}{9}\frac{ \sum_{k = partons}n_{k}L}{(1-e^{-\xi})}
 \label{e4}
\end{eqnarray}

The relation between electrical conductivity $\sigma_{el}$, and thermal conductivity $\kappa$, for any substance can be understood in terms of the Wiedemann-Franz law. The basic mathematical statement of the law is,

\begin{eqnarray}
 \kappa/\sigma_{el}T =  \frac{\pi^2}{3e^2}\equiv \mathbb{L}
 \label{e4}
\end{eqnarray}

The Lorentz number, $\mathbb{L}$ is a constant which quantifies the system as good electrical as well as thermal conductors. To understand the quantum aspects of its liquidity of the QCD system Wiedemann-Franz law becomes relevant.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[height=20em]{Thermal_con_T2.pdf}
\caption[]{(colour online) The dimensionless ratio of thermal conductivity to squared temperature ($\kappa/\rm T^{2}$) as a function of $\rm T/T_{c}$. The black solid line shows the results obtained in CSPM. The blue diamond symbols are the calculations of NJL model~\cite{Marty:2013ita}. The green dotted and the red dash-dotted lines represent the results of Ideal EOS with different running coupling constants. The black, red and green dashed lines are the results from a quasiparticle model.}
\label{kt2}
\end{figure}

\section{Results and Discussions}
\label{RD}
In this section, we discuss the results obtained in CSPM along with other theoretical results calculated in various approaches. We first time use color string percolation model to calculate thermal conductivity for hot QCD matter. For this, we use a very simple Drude model for electron. In CSPM, we assume that the strings break into equal number of quarks and antiquarks.

The dimensionless quantity, $\kappa/T^{2}$ as a function of $\rm T/T_{c}$ is depicted in fig.~\ref{kt2}. The figure comprises CSPM result with various equation of states (EOSs) for both zero and nonzero quark chemical potentials. Different EOSs show different effects especially at lower temperatures and overlap with the results obtained in Ideal EOS. Our results from CSPM show almost independent behaviour with respect to $\rm T/T_{c}$ and are similar to almost all the results at higher temperatures, qualitatively. The blue diamond symbols are the results obtained within the ambit of Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model for three quark flavors which decrease with temperature~\cite{Marty:2013ita}. The calculations of $\kappa$ obtained in Ideal EOS for QCD medium are also shown in the figure where non-interacting quarks and gluons are considered~\cite{Mitra:2017sjo}. The green dotted line and red dash-dotted line are the results for $\mu_q$ = 0 and 0.1 GeV, respectively. We have also shown the results obtained in effective fugacity quasiparticle model (EQPM)~\cite{Mitra:2017sjo}. The EQPM includes the hot QCD medium effects in terms of effective quasi-partons (quasi-gluons, quasi-quarks/anti-quarks). The hot QCD medium effects present in the hot QCD equations of states (EOSs), computed within either improved perturbative QCD (pQCD) or lattice QCD simulations are mapped onto the effective equilibrium distribution functions for the quasi-partons. In Ref.~\cite{Mitra:2017sjo}, the EQPM with QCD equation of state at $O(g^{5})$ (EOS1) and $O(g^{6} ln(1/g) + \delta)$ (EOS2), along with $2+1-$ flavor lattice QCD equation of state (LEOS) has been exploited. Results in all the cases shown in the figure, initially decrease rapidly with the temperature around twice the critical temperature and then saturates at a higher temperature. Our CSPM calculations show almost independent behaviour with respect to temperature. Our CSPM-based results for electrical conductivity in a Drude-like model have been reported recently \cite {Sahoo:2018dxn}.

The interplay between electrical and thermal conductivity for any substance can be understood via studying the Wiedemann-Franz law which helps in understanding the relative importance between the charge diffusion and heat diffusion in any medim or substances. The ratio of thermal diffusion to charge diffusion or else called Lorenz number ($\mathbb{L}$) is depicted in Fig.~\ref{wfl}. For instance, the Lorenz number is constant for metals which infers that metals are good thermal conductors as well as electrical conductors. The study of the Lorenz number for hot QCD medium can throw light on the relation between electrical and thermal conduction in this medium. We find that, $\mathbb{L}$ is almost independent of $\rm T/T_{c}$ in CSPM. The value from CSPM is closer to the Stefan-Boltzmann (SB) limit of an ultra-relativistic gas of gluons and quarks. The solid red and green dashed lines are the results obtained in the famework of ideal EOS for quarks and gluons. The former is for the fixed strong coupling strength ($\alpha_s$ = 0.3), which shows a weak dependence on temperature particularly at a lower T, while the latter which is for running coupling constant first increases with T and becomes constant at a higher temperature. Again, we show the effective fugacity quasiparticle model (EQPM) results with various version of its equation of states~\cite{Mitra:2017sjo}. All the results obtained in EQPM shown by the solid blue, red dash-dotted and black dashed lines in the figure initially decrease rapidly and saturate at a higher T.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[height=20em]{WFLaw.pdf}
\caption[]{(colour online) The results for Lorenz number versus $T/T_{c}$ are shown for various EOS. The black solid line shows the results calculated using CSPM. The red solid and green dotted lines represent the results of Ideal EOS for various coupling strength. The red dash-dotted, black dotted and blue lines are results obtained in different versions of quasiparticle model.}
\label{wfl}
\end{figure}

\section{Summary and Outlook}
\label{summary}
In this work, for the first time we use a color string percolation approach to study the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of hot QCD matter. We also study the ratio of thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity as a function of temperature. We have revisited the well known Wiedemann-Franz law for strongly interacting matter using CSPM. We compare our CSPM results with various versions of effective fugacity quasiparticle model and ideal equation of state for quarks and gluons degrees of freedom. We find a temperature independent thermal conductivity in CSPM while in other theoretical calculations thermal conductivity decreases upto T$\sim$1-2 T$_c$ and then saturates at a higher temperature. The ratio of thermal conductivity to electrical conductivity also shows a temperature independence behaviour CSPM approach and ideal EOS. EQPM results again show initial decrease with T and saturation afterwards. Since, the lattice QCD results of thermal conductivity are not available, a theoretical study of Wiedemann-Franz law for a hot QCD medium with color degrees of freedom could be important in understanding its behaviour near critical temperature. The Lorenz number for a hot QCD medium shows a similar behaviour like free electrons in  metals approaching to a number expected for a Stefan-Boltzmann limit of an ideal gas.

\section*{ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS}
PS and RNS acknowledge the financial supports from ALICE Project No. SR/MF/PS-01/2014-IITI(G) of Department of Science \& Technology, Government of India. SKT acknowledges the financial support from TEQIP-III, a joint venture of MHRD and the World Bank. RS gratefully acknowledges fruitful discussions with Pankaj R. Sagdeo.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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