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Raynomics: Kazmir = Money
By BrentAbernathyFan Mar 4, 2008, 10:33pm EST
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Since last season I've covered the Scott Kazmir contract situation in a different regard; mostly looking at what Kazmir could demand on the open market. With some help from J.C. Bradbury we estimated he could be worth around 20 million annually when he becomes a free agent. Today I'd like to look at the situation from an alternate perspective: what does Kazmir mean to the Rays financially?
I'm going to attempt to make this as brief as possible, so here it goes. What I did was take the attendance from Kazmir's Tropicana Field starts - 18 in total - added them, averaged them, and used some very conservative multipliers for ticket prices and concession purchases and came up with a monetary value added by Kazmir alone. I did the same with James Shields, and made them into a rate stat/monetary value added, something that you can do for starting pitchers, but not for everyday players.
Have a look at the charts comparing Kazmir, the team average, and Shields:
So while Kaz is making ~50K a game over average, Shields is only making ~5K more based purely on last seasons attendance numbers. Now I'd like to make a few disclaiming points: I didn't take into account whether the game was a prime game, a weekend game, or a giveaway or concert game. I also did not factor in the time of season - generally a rule of thumb would be more crowds when the team is doing well, less when doing worse, and so on.
It's not failsafe and likely not errorless, however what this data tells us is that last season Kazmir made roughly 840,000 for the Rays through the entire season. For reference his salary in 2007 was ~424K, he paid for himself, and almost twice over. In comparison Shields made ~80,000, not only 760,000 less than Kazmir, but barely covering a fifth of his salary.
In the future both should generate sellouts which would nearly even things up except for the salary they themselves are owed, that's where things will get interesting, but for the time being Kazmir is a moneymaker, and a damn good one.


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Geneforge is the first video game in the Geneforge series of role-playing video games created by Spiderweb Software.

Players assume the role of an apprentice Shaper, a sect of mages who can create living creatures through force of will. The apprentice is cast away on Sucia, an island abandoned by the sect 200 years prior. The island contains groups of the Shapers' creations, who have formed their own ideologies regarding their creators in the intervening years. The primary motivation of the player is to escape the island and, in the process, deal with the forces working to steal the Shaper secrets abandoned on Sucia Isle.

The game's setting stemmed from the idea of players being able to create and control a group of obedient creatures. The Shapers and the world of Geneforge were the result of Vogel imagining how would a being possess such power and how would they use it. The game's setting, a mixture of science fiction and fantasy, differs from the pure science fiction setting the game had been envisioned as. Vogel had difficulties balancing gameplay with the powerful directed-energy weapons players would expect to use in a science fiction game. Sales exceeded the developer's expectations, despite fears that the departure from Spiderweb's Avernum series would deter players. Geneforge received a positive reception from reviewers, despite the quality of the graphics being rated as poor and the game containing one piece of music, the title theme. The plot and setting were praised by reviewers for uniqueness and detail.

Gameplay
Players create a character and travel around Sucia Island, a location Barred to the members of the player character's sect. Whilst searching for a way off the island, the game's ultimate goal, players can form alliances with the island's inhabitants and complete quests through combat or other means. Geneforge is played in 45° axonometric perspective, movement through the game's environs is real-time but switches to turn-based combat in the game's playing field. The game world is divided up into 77 areas accessible through a world map. The first two areas serve as the game's tutorial; introducing players to navigation, controls and shaping creations. Clearing areas by defeating guardians or successfully traversing the terrain allows players to bypass those areas via the world map, reducing travelling time. The game has an always-visible auto-map, which begins each area completely darkened, and is revealed as the player explores. As the player's party performs tasks or defeats enemies they receive experience, leading to increased levels and additional skill points. The player character's skill points can be used to increase their statistics or to improve their aptitude in one of the fifteen available skills. Canisters which increase skills or add new abilities are scattered throughout the game.

Before starting the game, players choose from three basic character classes, each of which has a particular playing style. Guardians are fighters who excel in standard combat skills, especially hand-to-hand fighting. They are capable of shaping creations, but have little affinity for magic. Agents excel in spell casting and are capable of hand-to-hand combat, but have poor shaping skills. The Shaper is a summoner, capable of creating living creatures by using their own life essence. Shapers rely on their creations for protection. Every character class is referred to as "Shaper" in-game. Most objectives in the game must be completed via combat or diplomacy, but players can also use subterfuge to pass obstacles. All three character classes can use different methods, depending on which skills they are adept in. Some areas are difficult to pass, and some tasks are difficult to complete, unless the player character is a certain class. Each character class has a different combat style, the combat skills they are associated with cost fewer skill points to increase.

Essence is used for both creating creatures and casting spells; the number, type and strength of creations is limited by the player's essence capacity. For instance, if a character with 70 maximum essence summons a creature which costs 20 essence, their maximum essence is reduced to 50 until the creation is destroyed, either through combat or being absorbed by the Shaper to regain essence. A total of 18 different creations are featured in the game, with larger and more powerful creatures costing more essence to create. The types and strengths of creations can be altered depending on the player's combat style. Creations accompanying the player receive a percentage of the experience points received for completing quests or defeating foes, levelling up and receiving skill points in the same manner as the player character. These skill points can be spent to increase creations' statistics, but every statistic increase costs more essence and reduces the amount of essence available to summon other creations or cast spells. Essence and health are regained from Shaper-designed pools or by entering a friendly town.

Combat is turn-based, with each character in the player's party receiving action points at the beginning of the player's turn. The number received is dependent on the items the player character has equipped and the skills the character or creations possess. Each action uses a specific number of points, for example, moving one square takes a single point and attacks or spells take five. Attacking or spellcasting with fewer than ten action points immediately ends the character's turn, otherwise a character can continue to act until they run out of points. Most enemies will attack the player on sight, retreating in terror if they reach a certain threshold of damage without being killed. Other specialized behaviors are also present, including creatures which call for help, or creatures which act as sentries and retreat to an ambush location when threatened. Creations made by the player character can also be controlled by a similar artificial intelligence, or the player can invest more essence in the creation's intelligence and control them manually.

Geneforge's dialogue is delivered through on-screen text. Encounters with intelligent creations or humans result in the player being given a series of pre-determined questions or responses. Conversation options and the outcome of those conversations change according to the player's previous interactions. as well as which quests have been completed; which items the player has; which group the player belongs to and the player's leadership skill. The player can collect items from defeated enemies and the game environments to improve their own equipment. Non-player characters can trade with the player, buying most items regardless of type. The shopkeeper has a fixed amount of gold at the start of the game which does not replenish itself. It is possible for the player to drain all shopkeepers of their gold reserves, making it impossible to sell further items.

Plot

The player begins as an initiate of a powerful sect of magicians, the Shapers. Members of the sect create living beings from the magical essence within themselves. Apprentices are sent to academies to learn the art of shaping and the player's character has been accepted to do so. The player departs on a voyage to the academy aboard a specially modified Drayk, a dragon-like Shaper Creation. During the journey, the Shaper passes a group of islands, one of which is recognized as the Barred Sucia Island. Locations Barred by the Shapers are closed to both the sect and outsiders alike, meaning a catastrophe has occurred or something very valuable is located there. As the Shaper examines Sucia, lost in thought, the craft is attacked and mortally wounded by an unidentified sailing ship. After igniting the vessel's sails with a fireball, the craft deposits the Shaper on an abandoned dockside before dying. The player is now stranded on Sucia Island and must find a way to leave.

Exploration of the docks reveals a strange canister filled with swirling liquid. Thinking the canister contains healing or energizing properties, the Shaper breaks the seal and absorbs the contents. Instead the contents absorb into the Shaper's body, strengthening and changing it. The changes become visibly apparent, the player character's skin smoothens and glows slightly. The canisters also affect the user's mental state, causing a more violent and arrogant temperament.

Serviles remain on the island, having been abandoned when the island was Barred. They are intelligent creations of Shapers, designed to serve them without question or hesitation. These Serviles have had no contact with Shapers for two centuries, and have separated into three groups with differing philosophies regarding their creators. The Obeyers are still faithful to the Shapers, the Awakened believe that they should be treated as equals. The Takers have rejected Shapers completely and view the sect as oppressors to be fought.

After encountering the three servile groups, the player begins to learn of a group of foreigners known as Sholai, explorers who have been shipwrecked on the island. It was the Sholai, led by a man named Trajkov, who attacked the player with their last remaining ship. Trajkov controls a device called the Geneforge, created by the Shapers, which can rewrite the user's DNA and make them incredibly powerful. This is the cause of the island's Barred status, the device was deemed too dangerous in the wrong hands. Trajkov and his followers have allied themselves with the Takers, absorbing the contents of canisters and trying to claim Shaper powers as their own. The group have been unable to activate the Geneforge itself due to a Shaper being needed to activate the device. A Shaper named Goettsch was kidnapped for this purpose, in the same manner as the player-character. Goettsch fled and stole the shaping gloves needed to safely use the Geneforge, causing Trajkov to attempt to kidnap the player as a replacement. During these events, some Sholai have escaped from their increasingly violent and unpredictable leader.

The player is free to join any one of the servile groups and share common goals, or remain unaligned. Geneforge can be completed without joining any group. Trajkov can be killed through combat or tricked into killing himself by using the Geneforge. He can also be aided in activating the device, if the player steals the shaper gloves from Goettsch. Goettsch offers the player fake shaper gauntlets, which do not protect Trajkov from the Geneforge's energy should he be convinced they are genuine shaping gloves. The player can complete the game by using the last boat on Sucia Island. The small vessel is moored in a guarded dock on the far side of the island. Finishing the game unlocks one of more than a dozen game endings, dependent on the player's actions during the game.

Development
Work on Geneforge began during the development of Avernum 2, initially little information was revealed. In an interview published by RPGDot Vogel compared the game's movement system to Fallout and revealed that a new game engine was being implemented. The project had initially been intended as pure science fiction but this was soon abandoned in favor of a mixed fantasy and science fiction setting. In an interview published on website RPG Codex, Vogel stated this was due difficulties maintaining game balance with futuristic weaponry which "should be devastating". He added: "I found it to be too difficult to model the weapons in a way that simultaneously felt sensible and maintained balance".

Geneforge stemmed from the idea of creating a horde of creatures and the ability to care for those creatures or send them to their deaths. The choice was to be made by the player. From this point, Vogel considered who would be able to gain such powers, how they would control them and how these creatures would be treated. The game was developed with the intention of giving players choices; which factions to side with, how non-Shaper human outsiders are treated and whether to pursue goals through combat or diplomacy. Unlike most role-playing games, Geneforge was designed so that it would be possible to complete the game without using violence. Vogel cited Baldur's Gate II: Shadows of Amn, Planescape: Torment, Deus Ex and EverQuest as influences.

The game marked a departure from the Avernum series and its predecessor the Exile series, Vogel expressed a need to work on other projects: "Every few years, I need to do something cool and weird. It keeps me interested". He also added that the differences in Geneforge meant the game might struggle to find an audience, but the sales exceeded his expectations.

Reception

Geneforge received positive reviews, the game's story and lack of bugs received praise in particular. InsideMacGames' Christopher Morin suggested that players interested in a "strong storyline and a unique take on magic" would be impressed, but not those who sought high quality graphics and sound. The game's setting has been described as unique and fresh, the level of detail in Geneforge's fictional world was praised by reviewers. Jeff Green of Computer Gaming World praised the game for its "story and gameplay" as something that high-budget games often lack.

The quality of the game's graphics was rated poorly by most reviewers, reviewers noted that the overall quality of the game made up for this deficiency. GameSpy's Carla Harker described the graphics as "...dated by about seven years" and the game as a "technological pariah", despite calling it one of the best role-playing games released in the past year. Green similarly described graphics as dated and something to put up with in favor of gameplay. Website Just RPG's Eric Arevalo described them as simplistic but noted the game's story and the ability to control "fascinating mutant creatures" made up for this. The Entertainment Depot's Nick Stewart differed, praising the graphics as "simplistic without being plain, lavish without being overdone" as well as the fluidity of character animation and detail of character designs.

The almost total lack of music, except for the title screen theme song, and complete lack of voice acting was noted by reviewers. This highlighted the game's sound effects and environmental sounds, such as weapons clashing and the background noise of towns. Nick Stewart found "a fairly decent variety of effects and noises scattered throughout", that they "added somewhat to the experience", but became irritated by the amount of hissing and popping in the environmental sounds after extended play. Carla Harker described the sound as "almost non-existent" and Eric Arevalo found that there weren't enough sound effects. RPGDot's Val Sucher noted that the music player Winamp could be played in the background, due to the game's small memory requirements.

Presently, a remaster titled "Geneforge 1- Mutagen" is in the making after successful kickstarter backing. This remaster will run on newer computers, and include new content.

References

External links

Geneforge main page

2001 video games
Fantasy video games
Indie video games
Classic Mac OS games
Role-playing video games
Spiderweb Software games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games featuring protagonists of selectable gender
Video games with isometric graphics
Windows games
Single-player video games

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Extract Sheet Name action extracts the name of a sheet in an spreadsheet document and stores it in a variable. The sheet is identified with the aid of a Range Finder.
The variable to store the sheet name in. This has to be a text variable.


In recent years the Mirage RS has proved to be a safe all-round glider for speed flying and speed riding.
Many top pilots in the paragliding scene (including the Soul Flyers, Valentin Deluc and many of the world's other best pilots) have confidence in its forgiving flight behaviour in conjunction with its broad performance spectrum.
With the Mirage RS Plus, we are introducing a reworked version of this classic glider. The tried and tested basic concept remains unchanged, but the canopy has been upgraded with a new, very lightweight 15dtex fabric. This gives pilots a weight advantage and means a smaller pack size and even more uncomplicated launch behaviour compared to the previous model.
There have also been improvements to the riser used in the Mirage RS Plus. The optimised trimmer system allows even more precise adjustments to the angle of attack, with a deflector on the B level. The reworked riser geometry makes the Mirage RS Plus even easier to handle and ensures an intuitive connection to the canopy. In addition to other design details, we have optimised trimmer operation. A T-handle at the free end of the trimmer strap replaces the previous loop, to allow fast and safe operation, even with thick gloves.
Sizes 13 and 15 are the most suitable for novices and training.
The trimmer travel is ideal for speed flying novices. The dampened handling in these sizes is very forgiving and is a great help during the learning curve.
In addition, these sizes are also ideally suited for soaring in strong winds or ground-handling, or for those needing a rapid descent method for hike & fly.
With the extended load test and riser with two hangpoint heights, the Mirage RS Plus 17 Twin is ideally suited for safe tandem flights and also for heavier speed flying / speed riding novices.


Pacific Telephone Company provides discount inmate telephone service to Stevens County Jail , and other jails throughout America. Stevens County Jail is located in Stevens County, Washington and is the primary correctional facility for that area. In order to have visitors, inmates have to list each visitor's full name to the jail in advance of any visit.
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This snappy sauce is a natural with hot biscuits and ham and also makes a terrific sandwich spread for grilled chicken or turkey.
Whisk together first 4 ingredients and 1/3 cup evaporated milk in a small bowl.
Cook remaining 2/3 cup milk in a small heavy saucepan over medium heat, stirring often, 1 to 2 minutes or just until bubbles appear. (Do not boil.) Whisk in mustard mixture, and cook, whisking constantly, 3 to 5 minutes or until smooth and thickened. Remove from heat, and let cool 15 minutes; whisk in vinegar. Serve immediately, or cover and chill until ready to serve. Store in an airtight container in refrigerator up to 1 week.


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BBC Ban The Use of The Word 'Girl', But Is It A Sexist Term?
Rachel Moss— The Huffington Post UK
27/05/2014 01:00pm BST | Updated May 28, 2014
When we're at school, we expect to be described as 'girls' - but is the term an acceptable way to address adult women?
The BBC took the decision to censor the word 'girl' in a recent broadcast on the grounds that it could be considered sexist.
Presenter Mark Beaumont was being filmed sparring with judo champion Cynthia Rahming and after he was sent crashing to the floor, he said: "I am not sure I can live that down - being beaten by a 19-year-old girl."
When the episode of The Queen's Baton Relay was originally aired in April on the BBC News channel, the remark was broadcast in full.
However, the word "girl" was edited out of a repeat of the programme.
The BBC's decision to censor the word has divided opinion. Rahming told The Mail on Sunday that she "wasn't offended" by the exchange, but it seems a lot of other women wouldn't have been quite so forgiving.
Lecturer in literature and public engagement and HuffPost UK Blogger B.J. Epstein does not think that women should be referred to as 'girls'.
"I really dislike the word girl! I think it's appropriate to use it to refer to females up until, say, the age of 11 or 12, but not after that.
"I find it offensive when people refer to young women or adult females as "girls" because it diminishes who and what we are, and makes us seem young and unimportant," she said.
Epstein also highlighted the different ways men and women are addressed:
"I would never refer to colleagues as "boys", nor would I call grown men "boys", and yet people, especially men, continually do this to me and to other women.
"I don't think we need to ban the usage of the word, as it is appropriate for some people in some situations. But I do think we need to encourage mindfulness about language in general, and the employment of this word specifically."
Why We Should All Be Saying No To Red Carpet Sexism
No, We Haven't Closed the Gender Gap, But We Are Getting Closer
Writing for The Guardian, Naomi McAuliffe said that the meaning of the word "girl" changes depending on the context it is used in.
Co-founder of The Vagenda Holly Baxter agrees: "In principle, I do think that the routine use of 'girl' to describe young women when their male counterparts of the same age are being referred to in the same context as 'men' needs to be rethought.
"But I agree with Naomi McAuliffe that the usage depends so much on who is saying it, to whom, about what, and in which environment," she told HuffPost UK Lifestyle.
Olympic Champion Anna Watkins told us she agrees with the BBC's decision to cut the exchange between Beaumont and Rahming.
"In rowing, we would call ourselves the girl's team informally (and also refer to the 'boy's team'), but publicly it's definitely the Women's Team, and Women's Double, and there's nowhere more public than the BBC!
"So I think it's right that they stick to that. 'Girl' is fine as an informal description but it also sounds a bit juvenile so I wouldn't want to be called that in a professional environment," she said.
Here at HuffPost UK Lifestyle, we're in agreement that the term 'girl' is acceptable when it is used by friends or in light-hearted conversation.
But 'girl' becomes a derogatory term when it is used to insult, belittle or suggest that women are, in any way, inferior to men.
We're not about to stop 'going for drinks with the girls', but in a professional environment, we'd like to be 'women' please.
Womengender equalitywomen's issuessexsimuk women

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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What is the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty?
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a multilateral treaty that bans all nuclear tests, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments.
It was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 September 1996, but has not entered into force, as eight specific nations have not ratified the treaty.
The movement for international control of nuclear weapons began in 1945, with a call from Canada and the United Kingdom for a conference on the subject. In June 1946, Bernard Baruch, an emissary of President Harry S. Truman, proposed the Baruch Plan before the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission, which called for an international system of controls on the production of atomic energy. The plan, which would serve as the basis for United States nuclear policy into the 1950s, was rejected by the Soviet Union as a US ploy to cement its nuclear dominance.
Between the Trinity nuclear test of 16 July 1945 and the signing of the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) on 05 August 1963, 499 nuclear tests were conducted. Much of the impetus for the PTBT, the precursor to the CTBT, was rising public concern surrounding the size and resulting nuclear fallout from underwater and atmospheric nuclear tests, particularly tests of powerful thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs). The Castle Bravo test of -1 March 1954, in particular, attracted significant attention as the detonation resulted in fallout that spread over inhabited areas and sickened a group of Japanese fishermen. Between 1945 and 1963, the US conducted 215 atmospheric tests, the Soviet Union conducted 219, the UK conducted 21, and France conducted three.
In 1954, following the Castle Bravo test, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru of India issued the first appeal for a "standstill agreement" on testing, which was soon echoed by the British Labour Party. Negotiations on a comprehensive test ban, primarily involved the US, UK, and the Soviet Union, began in 1955 following a proposal by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. Of primary concern throughout the negotiations, which would stretch with some interruptions to July 1963, was the system of verifying compliance with the test ban and detecting illicit tests. On the Western side, there were concerns that the Soviet Union would be able to circumvent any test ban and secretly leap ahead in the nuclear arms race. These fears were amplified following the US Rainier shot of 19 September 1957, which was the first contained underground test of a nuclear weapon. Though the US held a significant advantage in underground testing capabilities, there was worry that the Soviet Union would be able to covertly conduct underground tests during a test ban, as underground detonations were more challenging to detect than above-ground tests. On the Soviet side, conversely, the on-site compliance inspections demanded by the US and UK were seen as amounting to espionage. Disagreement over verification would lead to the Anglo-American and Soviet negotiators abandoning a comprehensive test ban (i.e. a ban on all tests, including those underground) in favor of a partial ban, which would be finalised on 25 July 1963. The PTBT, joined by 123 states following the original three parties, banned detonations for military and civilian purposes underwater, in the atmosphere, and outer space.
The PTBT had mixed results. On the one hand, enactment of the treaty was followed by a substantial drop in the atmospheric concentration of radioactive particles. On the other hand, nuclear proliferation was not halted entirely (though it may have been slowed) and nuclear testing continued at a rapid clip. Compared to the 499 tests from 1945 to the signing of the PTBT, 436 tests were conducted over the ten years following the PTBT. Furthermore, US and Soviet underground testing continued "venting" radioactive gas into the atmosphere. Additionally, though underground testing was generally safer than above-ground testing, underground tests continued to risk the leaking of radionuclides, including plutonium, into the ground. From 1964 through 1996, the year of the CTBT's adoption, an estimated 1,377 underground nuclear tests were conducted. The final non-underground (atmospheric or underwater) test was conducted by China in 1980.
The PTBT has been seen as a step towards the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968, which directly referenced the PTBT. Under the NPT, non-nuclear weapon states were prohibited from possessing, manufacturing, and acquiring nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. All signatories, including nuclear weapon states, were committed to the goal of total nuclear disarmament. However, India, Pakistan, and Israel have declined to sign the NPT on the grounds that such a treaty is fundamentally discriminatory as it places limitations on states that do not have nuclear weapons while making no efforts to curb weapons development by declared nuclear weapons states.
In 1974, a step towards a comprehensive test ban was made with the Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT), ratified by the US and Soviet Union, which banned underground tests with yields above 150 kilotons. In April 1976, the two states reached agreement on the Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty (PNET), which concerns nuclear detonations outside the weapons sites discussed in the TTBT. As in the TTBT, the US and Soviet Union agreed to bar peaceful nuclear explosions (PNEs) at these other locations with yields above 150 kilotons, as well as group explosions with total yields over 1,500 kilotons. To verify compliance, the PNET requires that states rely on national technical means of verification, share information on explosions, and grant on-site access to counterparties. The TTBT and PNET did not enter into force for the US and Soviet Union until 11 December 1990.
In October 1977, the US, UK, and Soviet Union returned to negotiations over a test ban. These three nuclear powers made notable progress in the late 1970s, agreeing to terms on a ban on all testing, including a temporary prohibition on PNEs, but continued disagreements over the compliance mechanisms led to an end to negotiations ahead of Ronald Reagan's inauguration as President in 1981. In 1985, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev announced a unilateral testing moratorium, and in December 1986, Reagan reaffirmed US commitment to pursue the long-term goal of a comprehensive test ban. In November 1987, negotiations on a test ban restarted, followed by a joint US-Soviet programme to research underground-test detection in December 1987.
Given the political situation prevailing in the subsequent decades, little progress was made in nuclear disarmament until the end of the Cold War in 1991. Parties to the PTBT held an amendment conference that year to discuss a proposal to convert the Treaty into an instrument banning all nuclear-weapon tests. With strong support from the UN General Assembly, negotiations for a comprehensive test-ban treaty began in 1993.
Extensive efforts were made over the next three years to draft the Treaty text and its two annexes. However, the Conference on Disarmament, in which negotiations were being held, did not succeed in reaching consensus on the adoption of the text. Under the direction of Prime Minister John Howard and Foreign Minister Alexander Downer, Australia[citation needed] then sent the text to the United Nations General Assembly in New York, where it was submitted as a draft resolution. On 10 September 1996, the Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) was adopted by a large majority, exceeding two-thirds of the General Assembly's Membership.
(Article I):
Each State Party undertakes not to carry out any nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion, and to prohibit and prevent any such nuclear explosion at any place under its jurisdiction or control.
Each State Party undertakes, furthermore, to refrain from causing, encouraging, or in any way participating in the carrying out of any nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion.
The Treaty was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 September 1996. It opened for signature in New York on 24 September 1996, when it was signed by 71 States, including five of the eight then nuclear-capable states. As of February 2019, 168 states have ratified the CTBT and another 17 states have signed but not ratified it.
The treaty will enter into force 180 days after the 44 states listed in Annex 2 of the treaty have ratified it. These "Annex 2 states" are states that participated in the CTBT's negotiations between 1994 and 1996 and possessed nuclear power reactors or research reactors at that time. As of 2016, eight Annex 2 states have not ratified the treaty: China, Egypt, Iran, Israel and the United States have signed but not ratified the Treaty; India, North Korea and Pakistan have not signed it.
Geophysical and other technologies are used to monitor for compliance with the Treaty: forensic seismology, hydroacoustics, infrasound, and radionuclide monitoring. The first three forms of monitoring are known as wave-form measurements. Seismic monitoring is performed with a system of 50 primary stations located throughout the world, with 120 auxiliary stations in signatory states. Hydroacoustic monitoring is performed with a system of 11 stations that consist of hydrophone triads to monitor for underwater explosions. Hydroacoustic stations can of seismometers to measure T-waves from possible underwater explosions instead of hydrophones. The best measurement of hydroacoustic waves has been found to be at a depth of 1000 m. Infrasound monitoring relies on changes in atmospheric pressure caused by a possible nuclear explosion, with 41 stations certified as of August 2019. One of the biggest concerns with infrasound measurements is noise due to exposure from wind, which can effect the sensor's ability to measure if an event occurred. Together, these technologies are used to monitor the ground, water, and atmosphere for any sign of a nuclear explosion.
Radionuclide monitoring takes the form of either monitoring for radioactive particulates or noble gases as a product of a nuclear explosion. Radioactive particles emit radiation that can be measured by any of the 80 stations located throughout the world. They are created from nuclear explosions that can collect onto the dust that is moved from the explosion. If a nuclear explosion took place underground, noble gas monitoring can be used to verify whether or not a possible nuclear explosion took place. Noble gas monitoring relies on measuring increases in radioactive xenon gas. Different isotopes of xenon include 131mXe, 133Xe, 133mXe, and 135Xe. All four monitoring methods make up the International Monitoring System (IMS). Statistical theories and methods are integral to CTBT monitoring providing confidence in verification analysis. Once the Treaty enters into force, on-site inspections will be conducted where concerns about compliance arise.
The Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), an international organisation headquartered in Vienna, Austria, was created to build the verification framework, including establishment and provisional operation of the network of monitoring stations, the creation of an international data centre (IDC), and development of the on-site Inspection capability. The CTBTO is responsible for collecting information from the IMS and distribute the analyzed and raw data to member states to judge whether or not a nuclear explosion occurred through the IDC. Parameters such as determining the location where a nuclear explosion or test took place is one of the things that the IDC can accomplish. If a member state chooses to assert that another state had violated the CTBT, they can request an on-site inspection to take place to verify.
The monitoring network consists of 337 facilities located all over the globe. As of May 2012, more than 260 facilities have been certified. The monitoring stations register data that is transmitted to the international data centre in Vienna for processing and analysis. The data are sent to states that have signed the Treaty.
Subsequent Nuclear Testing
Three countries have tested nuclear weapons since the CTBT opened for signature in 1996. India and Pakistan both carried out two sets of tests in 1998. North Korea carried out six announced tests, one each in 2006, 2009, 2013, two in 2016 and one in 2017. All six North Korean tests were picked up by the International Monitoring System set up by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation Preparatory Commission. A North Korean test is believed to have taken place in January 2016, evidenced by an "artificial earthquake" measured as a magnitude 5.1 by the US Geological Survey. The first successful North Korean hydrogen bomb test supposedly took place in September 2017. It was estimated to have an explosive yield of 120 kilotons.
Military History	CTBT: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Nuclear Bomb, Nuclear Warfare, Nuclear Weapon, Weapon Systems
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What was the Satsuma Rebellion? →


I am getting some Error when I try to compile my Latex File and I have no clue why.
And many more of that kind.
I would like to show some Source Code, but the Lines where the Error appears are mostly Comments and the parts, where its not an comment it´s in the Error.
Can anyone explain me what´s wront, please?
Well, I hope that helps, I wrote the line and after the // the Errormessage for this Line.
The problem is that there is an # in the argument of howpublished field. In biblatex howpublished is consider plain text and not as literal.
Alternatively, you can escape #, that it use link\#anchor in the howpublished field.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged biblatex errors or ask your own question.
Illegal parameter number in definition of \abx@field@abstract?
Why am I getting an 'Illegal parameter number' error, here?


text:
8-Day Itineraries
This 8-day road trip takes you on a journey to the highlights of the southeastern coast before heading inland to the Appalachian Mountains. You'll taste true Southern cuisine in Savannah, explore the South Carolina Lowcountry, and hike along the Blue Ridge Parkway. Although this version starts and ends in Atlanta, the route is easily adjusted for a starting point from any city in these three states.
Experience the tastes of Savannah on a walking food tour
Explore the waters around Tybee Island by kayak or paddleboard
Toast the sunset from a sailboat in Charleston Harbor
Drive the famous Blue Ridge Parkway
Brief Itinerary
Day 1 From Atlanta to Savannah with a stop in Macon Savannah, GA
Day 2 Explore Savannah & Walking Food Tour Savannah, GA
Day 3 Day Trip to Tybee Island Savannah, GA
Day 4 From Savannah to Charleston with a stop in Beaufort Charleston, SC
Day 5 Explore Charleston & Sunset Sail Charleston, SC
Day 6 From Charleston to Asheville with a stop in Columbia Asheville, NC
Day 7 Explore Asheville & Forage for Dinner Asheville, NC
Day 8 From Asheville to Atlanta: The Scenic Route
Day 1: From Atlanta to Savannah with a stop in Macon
Forsyth Park, courtesy of Visit Savannah
From Atlanta, you'll take I-75 south to Macon, where you'll stop for lunch (Macon is approx. 1.5 hours drive from Atlanta). Enjoy lunch on the outdoor patio at The Rookery in downtown Macon. Drive down Georgia Avenue to find historic Hay House, a grand residence built in the mid-1800s. Just across the street is the Cannonball House, so named due to the cannonball damage it sustained during the Civil War.
Just outside of Macon is the Ocmulgee National Monument, a prehistoric Native American site that preserves more than 10,000 years of Native American culture. The park has 8 miles of walking trails, most of which are less than a mile and present a good opportunity to stretch your legs before the next part of your drive. Take the main path from the Visitor Center to the Great Temple Mound, which leads to three of Ocmulgee's most popular points of interest –the Earth Lodge, the Trading Post site, and the Great and Lesser Temple Mounds.
From Macon, you'll follow I-16 east and reach Savannah in approximately 2.5 hours, depending on traffic.
You'll arrive in Savannah in the mid- to late-afternoon. The oldest city in Georgia, Savannah has a rich history, an amazing food scene, and a beautiful riverfront. The 2.5 square mile Historic District is very walkable and meandering through it is a great way to get to know the city before dinnertime. Take a stroll along the oak-lined, cobblestone streets and through some of the city's 22 historic squares.
Dive into Savannah's thriving culinary scene with dinner at Husk, where you'll find fresh seasonal ingredients constituting reimagined Southern classics. It's important to plan your dinners ahead of time while in Savannah- these prestigious eats are usually reservation-only.
Total driving time: approx. 4 hours, depending on traffic
Day 2: Explore Savannah & Walking Food Tour
Wormsloe Historic Site, courtesy of Explore Savannah
Eat an early breakfast at B. Matthews Eatery. Later this morning, you'll take a 3-hour walking food tour through the Historic District and River Street. You'll taste Southern staples like traditional BBQ and try imaginative twists on the classics. You'll also sample local kinds of honey, like the famously rare Tupelo Honey, made from flowers that only bloom in a small spot near Savannah for 10 days a year.
After the food tour concludes, you can take the short drive (10-15 minutes) to Bonaventure Cemetery, just outside the downtown area. The site is famous for its folklore, moss-covered oak trees, and hauntingly beautiful headstones. Take a guided walking tour to learn the stories behind some of the sculptures, or meander through the cemetery on your own. You could also visit one of the nearby plantations like the Wormsloe Historic Site instead. This former plantation is the site of the oldest standing structure in Savannah. Walk one of the many nature trails around the estate and learn about its storied history along the way.
Head back to Savannah for sunset, which can be enjoyed from many locations throughout downtown. We recommend heading to the Peregrin Rooftop Lounge for views of the cityscape and the Savannah River. Make a reservation for dinner at The Grey, a popular choice for modern Southern dishes. Afterward, head next store to Prohibition for some craft cocktails.
Day 3: Day Trip to Tybee Island
North Beach, courtesy of Tybee Island Visitor Center
Tybee Island is a scenic, bicycle-friendly barrier island just 30-minutes from downtown Savannah. Pick up your picnic necessities from The Grey Market before the short drive out to the island.
There are a multitude of ways to spend your day exploring Tybee. One way to see much of the small island is to rent a bike - this place is exceptionally bicycle-friendly, boasting both trails and bike lanes. For a six-mile ride, bike the McQueen's Island Trail across wildlife areas and saltwater marshes.
Make sure to visit the Tybee Island Lighthouse, Georgia's oldest and tallest lighthouse. Panoramic views of the Atlantic Ocean, Savannah River, and surrounding islands await you at the top of its 167 steps.
Just across the street from the lighthouse is North Beach, where the mouth of the Savannah River meets the Atlantic. This beach is best for beachcombing, and the nearby marshes are great for bird and wildlife watching. Follow the North Beach Birding Trail for the best possibility of sighting rare birds.
Continue walking down North Beach to Mid Beach, a popular beach spot for locals looking to avoid the hustle and bustle of South Beach. If you chose not to bring a picnic, have lunch overlooking Mid Beach at The Deck.
This afternoon, explore the island's many rivers, marshes, and inlets on a kayak or paddleboard. You can paddle out to the Cockspur Island Lighthouse, just north of Tybee, or head south to Little Tybee Island. This uninhabited nature preserve is actually twice the size of Tybee Island and is an oasis for wildlife, salt marshes, and natural dunes. There are no roads or bridges to Little Tybee, but you can still visit the island by kayak, paddleboard, jet ski, or boat.
Once you've had your fill of Tybee Island, head back to Savannah for a 'low country boil' at River House Seafood, located in a restored cotton warehouse on River Street.
Day 4: From Savannah to Charleston with a stop in Beaufort
Hunting Island, courtesy of Beaufort-SC
This morning, sleep in and have brunch at Collins Quarter before leaving Savannah behind.
Just north of Hilton Head Island, Pinckney Island National Wildlife Refuge boasts over 14 miles of scenic hiking and biking trails.
From here, head to the city of Beaufort on Port Royal Island. A little town located halfway between Savannah and Charleston, Beaufort is the second oldest city in Georgia and is full of Southern charm.
Wander around The Point, a dozen blocks of historic residences, or go shopping on Bay & Carteret Streets. Have lunch on the patio at the Firehouse Books & Espresso Bar on Craven Street.
After lunch, take the Sea Island Parkway another 10 minutes further out to Hunting Island State Park, which boasts trails through maritime forest and as well as 4 miles of beach. Walk one of the marsh boardwalks onto an island with excellent wildlife viewing and beautiful views.
History buffs should include a stop at the Old Sheldon Church Ruins just outside of Beaufort. The church was set on fire in 1779 during the Revolutionary War, and again in 1865 in the Civil War. There is not much left of the church today, but the ruins tell a story of its long and dark past.
Nearing Charleston, take the short detour to see the Angel Oak, a 65-foot live oak tree estimated to be around 300 years old.
Once in Charleston, take a stroll around the walkable and historic downtown area before heading to The Ordinary or Edmund's Oast for dinner.
Total driving time: approx. 2.5 hours, depending on traffic
Day 5: Explore Charleston & Sunset Sail
Waterfront Park, courtesy of Explore Charleston
Start your day at One Broad Street for a healthy and hearty breakfast.
The well-preserved Historic District is best explored on foot. Take a self-guided walking tour starting at City Market and make your way through the cobblestone streets to Rainbow Row, a line of 13-pastel-hued row houses built in the mid-18th century and located just south of Broad Street. Don't miss the 'Museum Mile,' so named for the abundance of museums and historic homes along this stretch of Meeting Street.
For lunch, grab a picnic from The Daily and enjoy it in the sunshine at Waterfront Park.
After lunch, rent bicycles to explore the rest of the historic downtown area. Make your way to Hampton Park near The Citadel for a scenic ride.
Bring along a bottle of wine for your sunset sailboat cruise. You'll sail around the harbor, with views from the water of White Point Gardens, Charleston Water Front Park, Castle Pinckney, and beneath the beautiful spans of the Cooper River Bridge.
You don't have to go very far to find great dining options around every corner. For dinner, try 5Church or FIG.
Day 6: From Charleston to Asheville with a stop in Columbia
Congaree National Park, courtesy of the National Park Service
Start your day with breakfast at The Harbinger Cafe & Bakery before starting today's drive to Asheville.
You'll take I-26 west out of Charleston. About 2 hours into the drive, you can take a short detour to Congaree National Park. The park preserves the largest tract of old-growth bottomland hardwood forest left in the United States. You can take a short hike along the 2.5-mile elevated Boardwalk Loop Trail from the Harry Hampton Visitor Center.
For lunch, stop in the capital city of Columbia, just 30 minutes further northwest on Old Bluff Road. Dine at DiPrato's, a gourmet sandwich shop, and order one of their signature sandwiches.
Take a stroll around the downtown area, which features the State House as well as the University of South Carolina's famed Horseshoe, a lush quad surrounded by 19th-century buildings. Walk down Main Street and the Congaree Vista District for shopping and art galleries. From here, it's approx. 2.5 hours northwest to Asheville - you'll arrive by late afternoon.
Asheville is known for its vibrant culinary scene, so you can't really go wrong in terms of dinner. Take a short stroll around Asheville's downtown area before walking over to dine in a 1930s roller rink at Buxton Hall or to sample tapas at Cúrate.
Day 7: Explore Asheville & Forage for Dinner
View of downtown Asheville, courtesy of Explore Asheville
Tucked into the Blue Ridge Mountains at the junction of the Swannanoa and French Broad Rivers, Asheville is known for its artsy, eccentric vibe and culinary scene. The city's downtown area is small enough to be explored on foot, which is how you will spend your morning.
Walk on over to Biscuit Head's downtown location for a filling breakfast before exploring the vibrant city center. Visit the 30 public sculptures along the 1.7-mile Asheville Urban Trail that tell the cultural and architectural history of Asheville. Book lovers rejoice - Asheville is home to a growing literary scene, and there are a number of independent bookstores that are definitely worth a visit. Pop into Malaprop's or the Battery Park Book Exchange to check out their titles.
If you'd prefer to explore the city's waterfront, you can spend the morning paddleboarding, kayaking or tubing on the French Broad River, which runs through the center of the city. You can also take a 30-minute stroll along the riverbank from Carrier Park to French Broad River Park.
For lunch, head over to White Duck Taco Shop and sample the many tacos on an ever-changing menu.
This afternoon, you'll venture into the forest with an expert guide and hunt for wild mushrooms, edible greens, berries, and more. You'll sample some of these right on the trail, and take your spoils to one of four award-winning city restaurants (like The Market Place) where the chef will prepare your finds as star ingredients in your dinner.
Day 8: From Asheville to Atlanta: The Scenic Route
View from the Devils Courthouse Overlook
Start your day with a tasty breakfast at Tupelo Honey before stopping at The Fresh Market for water, snacks, and a picnic on your way out of town. Today, you'll make the drive from Asheville back to Atlanta, stopping along the way at various trailheads and lookout points. The listed suggestions vary in distance and difficulty, so choose the one that best suits your time and preference today.
Head south out of Asheville along the Blue Ridge Parkway, an incredibly scenic route along which there are numerous stunning lookout points and trailheads. After about an hour's drive, you'll come to Graveyard Fields (Milepost 418.8), where you can take a short hike to a beautiful waterfall. If you're up for it, there is a longer 3.5-mile loop through a meadow to another waterfall. You'll even find wild blueberries along this route if you visit in August!
Further along, you'll come to Devil's Courthouse just past Milepost 422. Here, you'll find a short but strenuous 0.5-mile trail that climbs to the peak. Within the mountain is a cave where (legend has it) the devil holds court. The panoramic views here look out over North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee.
Next up is the Richland Balsam Overlook (Milepost 431). Richland Balsam Mountain rises to 6,410 feet and is the highest peak on the Blue Ridge Parkway. Park at the Haywood-Jackson Overlook for the 1.5-mile loop hike that leads you to the top. This route climbs approximately 700 vertical feet, but it's not overly strenuous.
Just after Milepost 451, you'll turn off the Parkway and come to Browning Knob Overlook. If you're still in the mood for a hike, Waterrock Knob is a 1.2-mile round-trip to the summit. There, you'll be rewarded with a panoramic view of several mountain ranges from the highest pedestrian point on the Parkway. It is a steep climb, but the views are well worth it!
The parkway ends just north of Cherokee, from which you'll continue south to Black Rock Mountain State Park. Here, you'll find even more stunning views; roadside overlooks provide vistas for up to 80 miles over the Southern Appalachians. From here, it's just 2 hours further south along US-23 back to Atlanta.
Total driving time: approx. 3.5 hours
Written by Kate Canney, updated Feb 18, 2021
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text:
Q: jdk.js in back-end is very slow My back-end page is keep loading in sometimes like this.

I found out that is because a download of javascript file jdk.js from http://community.thegiantdata.com/jdk/ takes too long.
Sometimes, I even need to wait few minutes. Is there any way that I can make it quickly.

A: It's probably something from a 3rd party module. You could download the file, find the reference in the layout XML file that loads it and point it to the local version but it might have negative effect since the content from the remote source could be dynamic.
Optionally, contact the company (MageGiant I think it is) and ask them whats up

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
David John Morris (ur. 31 sierpnia 1984 w Carlton) − australijski narciarz dowolny, specjalizujący się w skokach akrobatycznych. W 2014 roku wywalczył srebrny medal podczas igrzysk olimpijskich w Soczi, gdzie przegrał tylko z Antonem Kusznirem z Białorusi. Zdobył ponadto brązowy medal na mistrzostwach świata w Sierra Nevada w 2017 roku, plasując się za Jonathonem Lillisem z USA i Chińczykiem Qi Guangpu. Był też między innymi piąty na rozgrywanych cztery lata wcześniej mistrzostwach świata w Voss. Najlepsze wyniki w Pucharze Świata osiągnął w sezonie 2012/2013, kiedy to zajął dziewiąte miejsce w klasyfikacji generalnej i w klasyfikacji skoków akrobatycznych zajął drugie miejsce.

Osiągnięcia

Igrzyska olimpijskie

Mistrzostwa świata

Puchar Świata

Miejsca w klasyfikacji generalnej
 sezon 2008/2009: 191.
 sezon 2009/2010: 34.
 sezon 2010/2011: 51
 sezon 2012/2013: 9.
 sezon 2013/2014: 16.
 sezon 2015/2016: 33.
 sezon 2016/2017: 74.
 sezon 2017/2018: 86.

Miejsca na podium w zawodach
  Lake Placid – 18 stycznia 2013 (skoki) – 3. miejsce
  Bukowel – 23 lutego 2013 (skoki) 1. miejsce
  Saint-Côme – 14 stycznia 2014 (skoki) – 3. miejsce
  Pekin – 19 grudnia 2015 (skoki) – 3. miejsce
  Pekin – 20 grudnia 2015 (skoki) – 2. miejsce

Linki zewnętrzne
 Profil na stronie FIS

Australijscy narciarze dowolni
Australijscy medaliści olimpijscy
Medaliści Zimowych Igrzysk Olimpijskich 2014
Uczestnicy Zimowych Igrzysk Olimpijskich 2010
Uczestnicy Zimowych Igrzysk Olimpijskich 2018
Urodzeni w 1984


Cookies lover will not stand the temptation that bisquick cookie recipes can give. Even it is healthy and easy to prepare. The total time needed for making the cookie is only 35 minutes with ten minutes spent for the preparation of cooking it. Besides, this cookie is good for children too. It means making the cookie is a great idea because it can be served quickly and can be enjoyed together with children. The result of making the cookie is 24 awesome bisquick cookies to enjoy.
Because of the "quick" idea and spirit, the ingredients are so simple to prepare. A half cup of butter that is softened is the first ingredient. Then, prepare also one cup of brown sugar (it is okay just to get a packed brown sugar from a supermarket. It is simpler too, one teaspoon of vanilla, one egg, two cups of Bisquick Heart Smart, 6 ounces of chocolate chips (choose the semisweet chocolate chips).
In order to enjoy the cookie, there are only some simple steps to do. First of all, preheat the oven. Set the temperature at 350 degree Fahrenheit. Take an electric mixer and a large bowl. Put the butter and the brown sugar into the bowl, and then mix it by using the electrical mixer. Only use the medium speed of the mixer so that the dough can be mixed as expected. When the mixture is fluffy and light, stop mixing it by using an electronic mixer. After that, beat in the vanilla and egg. Add the bisquick mix and mix it again on low speed. Only stop after all of the ingredients are well-combined. Stir in the chocolate chips. Then, prepare an ungreased cooking sheet. Take about a tablespoonful of the dough and drop it onto the sheet. Make sure that the gap of dropping the dough and the sheet is about two inches. After finishing with the entire dough, place the sheet on the baking rack. Start baking it and wait until 10 minutes. Then, remove it from the oven. Wait and just let it cool. Take a cooling rack and remove the cookies from the cookie sheets. After it is cool, take an airtight container and keep the cookies there. An airtight container is the best storage for the cookies because it can help the cookies to stay fresh. In brief, the bisquick cookie recipes are very helpful whenever the time is limited but the hunger of cookies cannot be ignored.


Lucknow: He has been a police officer for over 30 years, but Vibhuti Narain Rai, well known in Uttar Pradesh for his literary works and social activism, says he has finally got the job he yearned for.
In a week's time, 57-year-old Rai will take over as vice-chancellor of the Mahatma Gandhi International Hindi University in Wardha, Maharashtra, leaving behind all the frills of being a senior Indian Police Service officer.
"I have got the job I yearned for," Rai, now an additional director-general of Uttar Pradesh police, told sources at his spacious government accommodation in Lucknow even as he asked his driver to go home as it struck 6 p.m., the official time to relieve staff.
"My communist leanings don't permit me to retain the official driver beyond his time!" grins Rai, who hails from Jokhera village of Azamgarh, the same district whose name has been dragged in the mud for suspected terror links.
A 1975 IPS officer, he is an acclaimed Hindi fiction writer whose work is deeply connected to contemporary challenges facing the country.
"My 33 years of ground policing have taken me to both sides of reality, the behaviour of the government and the perception of people," Rai told sources.
Rai shot to fame with his book "Shahar Mein Curfew". It has been translated into English, Punjabi, Urdu, Marathi, Bengali and Kannada. It speaks about the plight of the minority community during communal riots and how the state and its representatives display a grossly partisan attitude towards them.
Neutrality During Hindu-Muslim Riots in India", "Kissa Lok Tantra ", and "Tabadala".
"My association with Hindi literature started before I joined the police force and continued. And my association with the services has provided me the administrative acumen needed for being a vice-chancellor or leader of any institution."
The university in Wardha is perhaps the only one of its kind in the country dedicated to the Hindi language and its promotion and was set up by the central government in 1997 along with the Maulana Abul Kalam Urdu University in Hyderabad with a similar motive.
"The Hindi university in Wardha has hardly served its purpose and that's the challenge I want to take on."
He writes fiction but laces it with the poignant realities of time gleaned from the first-hand experiences of a police officer. His writings also reflect strong objective opinions.
Rai is an activist in his own right, often taking up issues of secularism.
His zeal to initiate social change saw him open a library in his village Jokehara to inculcate reading habits and spread knowledge among residents, especially women and Dalits.
Jokehara is a village of some 5,000 people, the majority of whom are Dalits and belong to backward classes. Rai himself belongs to the high caste of land-holding Bhumihars who are traditionally considered exploiters in the rural economy of the state.
Set up in 1994, his library Sri Ramanand Saraswati Pustkalaya, whose first librarian was a Dalit, has become a catalyst of change in that it has helped break the caste barriers in this village.
"The caste animosity in rural Uttar Pradesh could be understood from the fact that our Dalit librarian would sit on the floor when a high caste person came looking for a book and the latter would find it embarrassing accepting a book from a Dalit," says Rai.
All that has changed now. The library has now turned into a cultural centre of sorts and has established meaningful relationships with the National School of Drama, the Sahitya Academy and the National Book Trust.
"The library was just a starting point for overall capacity building of the villagers. The small backward village has produced good theatre artistes and singers with the help of the National School of Drama," he says.
"Our boys have started doing well on state-level sports events like volleyball and football, just with a little bit of encouragement in terms of some sports kits and personal support," Rai says.
The village is on the road to economic empowerment, with the library project finding some funding for the socio-economic development of women and Dalits.
> "My communist leanings don't permit me to retain the official driver beyond his time!"
I stopped reading right there. What the hell was the government thinking selecting a communist for a sensitive post like this, in a sensitive state.


text:
Female Sex Workers Worldwide 14 Times More at HIV Risk
Female sex workers are 14 times more likely than other women to contract HIV, according to data from a Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health study presented at the XIX International AIDS Conference and reported by aidsmap. The study encompassed 102 reports from 50 countries between 2007 and 2011, covering 12,197 sex workers. The researchers projected that community empowerment programs and improved access to antiretroviral therapy would reduce HIV prevalence among sex workers by 33 percent and in the general population by 30 percent. Activists note that poverty, stigma and legal issues—such as condoms being used as evidence of prostitution—make it more difficult for sex workers to take advantage of intervention programs.
To read the aidsmap article, click here.
#HIV
#transmission
$1.3 Million Grant to Develop Interventions for Black Smokers With HIV
Faith, Healing and AIDS
Sheryl Lee Ralph Wins an Emmy Award
"Depression Looks Like Me" Launches to Help LGBTQ People With Depression


text:
Iwan Oleksijowytsch Sikorskyj (*  in Antonow, Gouvernement Kiew, Russisches Kaiserreich; † 14. Februar 1919 in Kiew, Ukrainische Volksrepublik/Ukrainische SSR) war ein ukrainischer Psychiater und Psychologe. Er ist der Vater des Luftfahrtpioniers Ihor Sikorskyj.

Leben
Iwan Sikorskyj kam 1842 als Sohn einer ukrainischen Priesterfamilie im Dorf Antoniw im heutigen Rajon Skwyra der ukrainischen Oblast Kiew zur Welt.
Er studierte an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Kiewer St.-Wladimir-Universität und graduierte 1869. 1872 schrieb er seine Dissertation "über die Lymphgefäße der Lunge" und beschloss, sich auf psychische und nervöse Störungen zu spezialisieren. 1873 zog er nach Sankt Petersburg um als Arzt an der Medizinisch-chirurgischen Akademie bei dem Professor Iwan Michailowitsch Balinski () zu arbeiten. Danach arbeitete er zwei Jahre am psychiatrischen Krankenhaus St. Nicholas und kehrte dann als Privatdozent an die Akademie zurück. Während seiner Petersburger Zeit veröffentlichte er 17 wissenschaftliche Arbeiten und wurde zum erfahrenen Wissenschaftler und Mitglied wissenschaftlicher Gesellschaften in Russland, Belgien und Frankreich. Am 1. Januar 1885 zog er zurück nach Kiew und erhielt den Lehrstuhl für Nerven- und Geisteskrankheiten an der Kiewer Universität, wo er bis an sein Lebensende tätig war. 1886 gründete er die Zeitschrift "Вопросы нервно-психической медицины и психологии" (deutsch: Fragen neuro-psychologischer Medizin und Psychologie) und wurde ihr Chefredakteur. Außerdem gründete er in Kiew ein pädagogisches Institut für geistig behinderte Kinder und 1912 das weltweit erste Institut für Kinderpsychopathologie. Er publizierte mehr als 100 wissenschaftliche Arbeiten unter anderem zur Psychologie und Psychiatrie, von denen viele in andere Sprachen übersetzt wurden.

Er war ein Theoretiker des Nationalismus und war viele Jahre Mitglied des Kiewer Clubs russischer Nationalisten. Als Medizinprofessor unterstützte er öffentlich die Version der Anklage in der antisemitischen Beilis-Affäre.

Kurz nach der Eroberung Kiews durch die Bolschewisten wurde der 77-jährige Sikorskyj am 14. Februar 1919 von der Tscheka vorgeladen. Er sollte gezwungen werden, über einen Aufruf in der Presse seinen emigrierten Sohn Igor zur Rückkehr nach Russland zu bewegen. Während des Verhörs erlitt Sikorskyj einen tödlich verlaufenden Herzinfarkt. Er wurde in Kiew auf dem Baikowe-Friedhof bestattet.

Familie
Iwan Sikorskyj war mit der Medizinerin Marija Sinajida Stefaniwna Temrjuk-Tscherkassowa () verheiratet. Mit ihr hatte er drei Töchter und zwei Söhne. Das letztgeborene Kind war der 1889 in Kiew geborene und 1919 ausgewanderte Luftfahrtpionier Igor Iwanowitsch Sikorski.

Werke

Antrittsvorlesung zur Geschichte der Psychiatrie:
 Исторический очерк развития основ современной психиатрии и невропатологии : Вступ. лекция проф. И.А. Сикорского, чит. 2 апр. 1885 г. Киев : Унив. тип. [1885]. - 14 с.

Besonders bekannt und verbreitet sind seine russischsprachigen Lehrwerke:
 Основы теоретической и клинической психиатрии с кратким очерком судебной психологии. Киев : Кульженко 1910 – 702 S.
 Всеобщая психология с физиогномикой в иллюстрированном изложении. Киев 1. Aufl. 1904. – 576 с.; 2-е издание 1912 – 770 S.
 Книга жизни. Психологическая христоматия (хрестоматия) для школы и жизни. Обложка художника И.Ф. Замотина. Первое издание. США. Alatas. 1931 г. XVI, 688 стр.

Ein 5-bändiges Sammelwerk umfasst zusammenfassende Reprints / Wiederabdrucke von Artikeln zu 5 Themengebieten
 Сборник научно-литературных статей по вопросам общественной психологии, воспитания и нервно-психической гигиены. (в 5 книгах, ib., 1900)
 Кн. 1 : Статьи по вопросам общественной психологии (Artikel zur Psychologie)
 Кн. 2 : Статьи по вопросам воспитания (Artikel zu Fragen der Erziehung)
 Кн. 3 : Статьи по вопросам нервно-психич. гигиены (Artikel zu Fragen der psychischen Hygiene)
 Кн. 4 : Яды нервной системы (Die Gifte des Nervensystems)
 Кн. 5 : Новейшая медицина и врачи (Die moderne Medizin und Ärzte)

Einen Schwerpunkt seines Schaffens bildet die Erziehung von Kindern sowie insbesondere die Fürsorge für Kinder mit psychischen und anderen gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen. Mit Arbeiten aus diesem Bereich ist er auch auf Deutsch hervorgetreten.
 О детях трудных в воспитательном отношении.- Киев: Типография Котомина и Кº,1882.- 7 с.
 Ueber das Stottern. Berlin, Hirschwald 1891 Digitalisat Columbia University, Digitalisat Wellcome Library
 russische Ausgabe: О заикании. Санкт-Петербург : К. Риккер 1889
 Ненормальные и болезненные характеры. Киев : лито-тип. т-ва И.Н. Кушнерев 1899
 Об умственном и нравственном развитии и воспитании детей (Энциклопедия семейного воспитания и обучения, Вып. 44-46). Санкт-Петербург : Тип. М. М. Стасюлевича 1902
 Die Seele des Kindes nebst kurzem Grundriss der weiteren psychischen Evolution. Leipzig : Barth 1902  Digitalisat University of Wisconsin, Digitalisat Harvard University
 russische Ausgabe: Душа ребенка : с кратким очерком дальнейшей психической эволюции (=Энциклопедия семейного воспитания и обучения, Вып. 30-32). Санкт-Петербург : Тип. М. М. Стасюлевича 1901 2. Digitalisat
 Психологические основы воспитания. (Киев, 1904)
 О лечении и воспитании недоразвитых, отсталых и слабоумных детей.- 2 издание.- Киев: Лито-типография И. Н. Куршев и Кº,1904.- 80 с.
 Die seelische Entwicklung des Kindes : nebst kurzer Charakteristik der Psychologie des reiferen Alters. Leipzig : Barth 1908 Digitalisat Wellcome Library
 russische Ausgabe: Duša rebenka : sʺ kratkimʺ opisanīemʺ dushi zhivothychʺ i dushi vzroslago čeloveka. Kīev : Tipografija S. V. Kulʹženko 1909 Russische Nationalbibliothek
 Психологические основы воспитания и обучения. 3. erweiterte Aufl. Киев : Кушнерев 1909
 Даровитость и талантливость в свете объективного исследования по данным психофизических коррелятивов. Киев : Кульженко 1912. - 30 с

Alkoholismus:
 Основы алкогольной политики в России. Киев : Кульженко 1912. - 24 с.
 Алкоголизм и питейное дело. Киев : Кушнерев 1897
 О влиянии спиртных напитков на здоровье и нравственность населения России. (Киев, 1899)
 Физиогномика и психическое состояние пьяниц. // Журналъ «Вопросы нервно-психической медицины». Годъ первый. Выпускъ 1-2, 1896
 Правда о спиртных напитках : [Сборник статей]. - Санкт-Петербург : Всерос. труд. союз христиан-трезвенников, 1912. - 32 с

Nationalcharakter der Russen, Ukrainer und Slaven
 О психологических основах национализма. — Киев, 1910. — 15 с.
 Черты из психологии славян: Речь, произнесенная проф. И. А. Сикорским, в торжественном заседании Славянского благотворительного общества 14 мая 1895 года. — Киев: тип. И. И. Чоколова, 1895. — 15 с.
 Русские и украинцы. Киев, 1913.

Selbsttötung und Suizidalität
 Эпидемические вольные смерти и смертоубийства в Терновских хуторах (близ Тирасполя). Психологическое исследование. (ib., 1897)
 Самоубийство среди русских врачей. // Журналъ «Вопросы нервно-психической медицины». Годъ первый. Выпускъ 1-2, 1896
 Психологическая борьба с самоубийством в юные годы. Киев : тип. т-ва И.Н. Кушнерев и К°, 1913. - 44 с.;

Ehrungen
Sikorskyj erhielt den Sankt-Anna-Orden II. Klasse und den Sankt-Stanislaw-Orden II. Klasse.

Weblinks

 Biografie Iwan Sikorskyj auf der Webpräsenz der Ukrainischen Nationalbibliothek (ukrainisch)
 Eintrag zu Iwan Sikorskyj in der Ukrainischen Sowjetenzyklopädie (ukrainisch)
 Artikel: Воробьев В.С. К 175-летию со дня рождения крупного отечественного психиатра и психолога И. А. Сикорского. Теоретическая и экспериментальная психология Band 10.2017, Heft 2, S. 82–91

Einzelnachweise

Mediziner (19. Jahrhundert)
Psychiater
Psychologe
Elternteil einer berühmten Person
Hochschullehrer (Nationale Taras-Schewtschenko-Universität Kiew)
Träger des Sankt-Stanislausordens (Russland)
Träger des Ordens der Heiligen Anna
Absolvent der Nationalen Taras-Schewtschenko-Universität Kiew
Person (Russisches Kaiserreich)
Ukrainer
Geboren 1842
Gestorben 1919
Mann


The city of Lampang, the third largest one in north Thailand, is the capital of the province of the same name. It is precisely located in the valley of the Wang River, a major tributary of Chao Phraya River. Thus, it is bordered by two ranges of mountains: Khun Tan Range and Phi Pan Nam Range. Lampang, as well as Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai, was one of the major cities in the Lanna Kingdom and is still cultivating the particular culture that comes with.
The climate in Lampang is relatively dry. There are three seasons throughout the year: winter, summer and the rainy one. Basically, winter starts in November and ends in March. Then summer is coming and lasts until June. During this period of time, it is really hot and temperatures can easily attain 40 degrees. The rainy season comes right after summer and occurs for 4 months but precipitations are not as intense as in the nearby provinces.
By contrast with Chiang Mai or Chiang Rai, located further north, Lampang is still a traditional and typical city, spared by mass tourism and skyscrapers' building. Lampang is even still known for its old fashioned but charming horse drawn carriage. However, tourists are quite interested by several attractions like Wat Phra That Lamang Luang, a famous temple, and the Thai Elephant Conservation Center. There, tourists can also have a walk in Chae Son National Park where everybody can enjoy waterfalls as well as hot spring.
As many Thai cities, Lampang has numerous religious sites to offer and some of the temples even features an ancient Burmese style. This is the case for Wat Si Bun Rueang, Wat Pa Fang or Wat si Chum to name only the most well-known. Some other temples are also quite famous: Wat Phra That Chedi Sao, for instance, known for its twenty chedis.
Lampang is located in north Thailand and is relatively well-served. You can reach the city either with your own car or using public transport. Thus, bus, train and plane all served the city of Lampang. It is located about 600km from Bangkok and is definitely a nice place to stop for people going to Chiang Mai or Chiang Rai.
This entry was posted in English (United Kingdom) and tagged Lampang on 29 October, 2014 by Thailand.


Using a microsimulation model, this paper follows GenX and Early Millennial Americans between 2020 and 2050. Projections suggest they will find it difficult to maintain or improve their economic circumstances between their work and retirement years. Although GenX and Early Millennial retirees are expected to be better off than current retirees on absolute measures of income, they are expected to be worse off than current retirees on relative measures of inequality, poverty, and replacement rates. Retirement outcomes are projected to significantly worsen for future retirees without college educations and those with weak lifetime employment and earnings, but improve for Hispanics.