text:
Hopefully men's Illinois Amateur will have better luck weather-wise than women's did
The longstanding major golf championships for Illinois' best players will be coming fast and furious now.
First up was the 82nd, rain-shortened Illinois Women's Amateur at Illini Country Club in Springfield. This week the state's best men are in the same city, but at Panther Creek Country Club, to decide the winner of the 85th Illinois State Amateur conducted by the Chicago District Golf Assn.
That three-day tourney started with 138 players on Tuesday but the climax is Thursday with a 36-hole day for the low 35 and ties after Wednesday's round.
After this week's main event comes the men's Illinois Open, the 54-hole finals of which will be split between Royal Melbourne in Long Grove and Hawthorn Woods Country Club from July 20-22, and the big month concludes with the Phil Kosin Illinois Women's Open, also played at 54 holes at Mistwood in Romeoville, from July 27-29. The men's Open will be played for the 66th time, the women's for the 21st.
Two Big Ten stars, Iowa's Ray Knoll and Illinois' Nick Hardy, went four extra holes before Knoll won last year's Illinois State Amateur at Cantigny, in Wheaton. Both are in this week's field as is Tee-K Kelly of Wheaton, the 2013 champion who plays at Ohio State.
None could cope with Bloomington's Alex Burge, who won the 96th Chicago District Amateur, the first big tournament for the amateurs this season. Two veterans should also be in contention at Panther Creek – Illinois Mid-Amateur champion John Ehrgott of Edwards and Taylorville's Dave Ryan, who made the cut at last month's U.S. Senior Open.
Ehrgott has made the cut in the last five State Ams and finished in the top 10 in three of them. Ryan, 61, is the oldest player in the field. Youngest is Varun Chopra, 15, of Champaign. Most of the starters were survivors of nine qualifying rounds held around the state from June 8-24. The low round in those eliminations was a 67, posted by Aurora's John Wright in the first one at Fox Bend, in Oswego.
Panther Creek, a Hale Irwin design that opened in 1992, hosted the LPGA Tour's State Farm Classic from 2007-11. It's set up at 7.174 yards for the State Amateur.
Weather dampens Women's Am
Shawn Rennegarbe, a University of Arkansas player from Addieville posted a 72 in the qualifying round of the Illinois Women's Amateur and no more golf could be played at Illini Country Club.
Rain wiped out the next three days of play, when the title was to be decided in a match play format. Rennegarbe was one stroke better than Grace Kil of Arlington Heights, Jessica Yuen of Bolingbrook and Maggie Ambrose of Springfield.
Yuen is two-time Illinois high school champion for Nequa Valley. Ambrose plays out of Panther Creek, where this week's men's State Am will be played.
Mistwood's Andy Mickelson carded a 7-under-par 64 on Monday to capture the Mauh-Nah-Tee-See Classic in Rockford, the last tuneup for Illinois PGA members before next week's expanded Illinois Open.
Brad Marek, the 2005 Illinois Amateur champion who played at Hersey High School in Arlington Heights and Indiana University, took home an $11,000 first-place check on the Dakotas Tour after shooting rounds of 62, 68 and 69. He leads that mini-tour's money list.
John Deere Co. has agreed to sponsor the PGA Tour stop held at TPC Deere Run in downstate Silvis through 2023. The company and tour agreed to a seven-year contract extension during last week's John Deere Classic.
Mount Prospect's course, which has been undergoing a lengthy renovation, is scheduled to re-open on Aug. 1.
Northbrook-based KemperSports has added The Bog, in Saukville, Wis., to its management portfolio.


text:
We've completed our review of how ratepayers and residents should be represented on Council, and Council has adopted its final proposal.
Infographic showing our current structure. Click on the magnifying glass to expand.
Every three years we hold local government elections – this is when we vote for a Mayor and Councillors.
Every six years we are required under the Local Electoral Act 2002 to review our representation arrangements – this is where we look at the structure of our elected members and how they are elected.
Specifically, a representation review looks at:
How many Councillors there should be
How Councillors are elected – city-wide, wards or a mixture of both. If wards, how many wards, and how many Councillors in each ward?
Should we have Community Boards, and if so, how many members should they have, and which areas should each cover?
Any adopted changes resulting from this review will apply to the 2019 local government elections.
On 24 October, the Council resolved that the following proposal apply for the elections to be held on 12 October 2019.
Council representation: final proposal
The Council comprise 15 Councillors and the Mayor, all of whom are to be elected on a city-wide basis (that is, by the electors of the city as a whole), with no wards to be established.
This is no change to the present arrangements.
The Council considers Palmerston North comprises a single community of interest which covers the whole city. The city also comprises many secondary communities of interest based on individual suburbs and villages, but it would not be practicable for each community to be represented by an individual Councillor.
The proposed number of Councillors will enable the workload to be shared and will promote diversity.
Community board representation
No communities or community boards will be established in Palmerston North.
This is no change to the present arrangements. The Council is satisfied that the city does not include any communities that are sufficiently distinct to require representation of this nature.
Election arrangements confirmed
The Local Government Commission has upheld existing arrangements for the Palmerston North City Council elections in October.
The determination is available on the Local Government Commission website:
Representation reviews: Current determinations
6 July to 30 July
Submissions invited
Extraordinary Council meeting hears verbal submissions, considers submissions, and makes a recommendation to Council
Council adopts an initial proposal
29 August to 8 October
Submissions invited on the initial proposal
Council hears and considers submissions on the initial proposal and adopts final proposal
9 November to 13 December
Appeals invited from submitters
Last day for Local Government Commission to release its decision.
Key documents and related info
Final proposal for representation arrangements for the 2019 local elections 321KB pdf
Public notice of final proposal for representation arrangements for the 2019 local elections
Representation review: initial proposal for 2019 Palmerston North City Council elections 1.8MB pdf
Review of representation arrangements: Report to Council 13 August 2018 784KB pdf
See who's standing for Council in this year's local government elections.
Download information about the Palmerston North City Council elections in 14 languages.
Pre-Election Report
This report provides voters and candidates with information about the key issues facing Council and the city.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Search Results for: "Toby Weidmann"
The Raid is an unbridled storm, a thunderous lightning bolt of action cinema that will sweep you up and blow you away.
Released on DVD for the first time, Juice is not just another entry in the 90s urban crime/black cinema genre.
The timing could not be better for the release of Nucleus Films' exhaustive three-disc documentary, which showcases the 72 films that were dubbed by the media as 'video nasties', and explores the historical background around their prosecution.
An icon of the stand-up circuit and a favourite of students, left-wing politicos and, well, anyone with a healthy interest in life and a good sense of humour, Hicks has left an enduring legacy and is regarded as one of the very best.
A film without hope does not a hopeless film make, as John Hillcoat's impressive adaptation of the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Road superbly illustrates.
Following up his gripping and much praised drama The Beat that My Heart Skipped (De battre mon coeur s'est arríªté, 2005), Jacques Audiard's latest effort feels almost like a continuation of that film in many respects.
The Disappeared a ghost story at heart and, while not entirely original, Kervokian shows plenty of talent for building a creeping sense of terror and delivering genuinely heart-in-your-mouth shocks.
Fred Cavayé's debut thriller delivers a unique slice of Gallic escapism.


According to company officials, Amazon's new Kansas City, Kansas, facility will be built on land previously owned by NorthPoint Development near the southwest side of Interstate 70 and the Turner Diagonal freeway. The project's real estate developers include Cushman & Wakefield, Seefried Industrial Properties and USAA.
This announcement marks Amazon's third facility in the Kansas City region. Amazon operates a 267,000-sq.-ft. fulfillment center at Lenexa Logistics Center, and construction continues on an 822,000-sq.-ft. fulfillment center in Edgerton, Kansas, in Logistics Park Kansas City.
"Amazon's announcement validates the unique and valuable benefits of locating an eCommerce operation in the KC region," says Tim Cowden, President/CEO, Kansas City Area Development Council. "When a company learns they can reach 85% of the U.S. population in two days from Kansas City, plus our robust highway, rail and air cargo infrastructure supporting the distribution industry, there is a very strong case for location in our region."
"In addition to our market's competitive location and cost advantages, supply chain companies are drawn to our wealth of speculative development space," says Chris Gutierrez, President of KC SmartPort, which supports the region's status as a North American logistics hub. "More than 5.8 million sq. ft. of speculative industrial space hit the market in 2015, and currently 6.3 million sq. ft. of spec space is under construction."


ULTRAFINE SANDING SPONGE 20/BOX.Ultrafine ranges from grade 800 to 1000. Flexible foam pad enables user to sand hard-to-reach areas such as headlight openings, around door handles, door jambs, etc. Helps to eliminate finger marks and can be used wet or dry.


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The third-fastest growing food chain nationwide is based in NJ
Jersey Mike's ranked No. 3 on QSR Magazine's 27 Fastest-Growing Quick-Service Chains in America list. – JERSEY MIKE'S
Jersey Mike's is the third fastest growing quick service restaurant in the country, according to a list published by industry outlet QSR Magazine on Oct. 27.
The sub sandwich chain, which started as a solo shop down the shore before then-teenage employee Peter Cancro bought it off his boss and spent the next couple decades turning the brand into a nationwide empire, has opened 189 locations since 2019 and currently has 1,856 stores. The vast majority of those – 1,842 – are franchised locations.
"Despite restrictions, delays in construction, and a variety of other factors amid the COVID pandemic, these quick-service chains managed to grow their brand to new and existing markets and to reach more customers," QSR Editor Danny Klein wrote alongside the list.
Nationwide sales at Jersey Mike's tally $1.595 billion, with the average location raking in $936,000 annually.
QSR also included the chain on its top 50 list of fast food chains nationwide, published in August.
Plenty of other list makers have locations in New Jersey, including both Starbucks and Domino's—the only contenders that beat Jersey Mike's out.
franchise Jersey Mike's	1:39 pm Wed, October 27, 2021 NJBIZ


Curious ... are you into trains ?
Discussion in 'Fred's Barcalounge' started by thunder58, Feb 4, 2019.
One useless Internet point for Wallace and Grommet!
I am not into trains per se, but I do like a good model railway layout. I actually used to work for British Rail back in the early '90s, first as a driver and then I transferred to the phone lines (the hours for train crew were horrific). I did get a call from a chap who was very into trains. Our phone system was one where we couldn't hang up on people so had to sit through the enitre call. I answered as normal and he says "is that British Rail?". So naturally I reply, "Yes, how can I help?" To which he just said, "Hang on a minute" and proceed to pleasure himself, much to my incredulity!
I'm guessing that you're not that into trains eh @thunder58 ?
ishtar, Alberta_Slim and Yukimajo like this.
In the spirit of some other threads we've had lately, what are your favorite train/railroad songs?
"Casey Jones" by the Grateful Dead.
"Orange Blossom Special" by everyone!
new6659, ishtar, stevo and 1 other person like this.
My grandfather worked for L&N, my dad was a huge rail fan and had all manner of layouts of HO and O gauge trains when I was growing up - or attempting to grow up. We used to go on train photo trips and train museums. My grandmother lived not more than 50 yards from an express freight line that would run 4 times a day through her back yard. My dad took me for walks on those tracks and taught me the ins and outs of walking on tracks safely. He used to stand no more than 8 feet from those freight trains as they wished by, my hand tightly clinched in his. Scared the piss out of me back then, love it now. Any time I'm stuck at a railroad crossing is a good thing - I open my window and listen.
ishtar and stevo like this.
Gee I forgot to mention that my grandson and family have taken rides on several old steam engines... Wow so cool... like going back to a lost era.
ishtar and Alberta_Slim like this.
ishtar and wabash slim like this.
Yes, that museum is been pretty cool in the past. Haven't been there in a while.
ishtar and thunder58 like this.
I am retiring from Amtrak in June after 40 years of service. Started on Conrail as a fireman got furloughed for 6 years, worked as a track man, and signal man. I was sent to engineer school in 1985 and furloughed again after I was promoted. 3months later I was hired on Amtrak and have never been furloughed. I was qualified from Chicago to Pittsburg, Toledo, Grand Rapids, Battle Creek, Indianapolis, St.Louis., Valparaiso and the Chicago coach yard. It has been a long strange career. I am glad it is coming to an end.
Merc, new6659, ishtar and 4 others like this.
Howdy, neighbor! Enjoy your retirement.
I was also born in 1958, so I totally get where you are coming from. I was into trains as a kid, I had a full set up in my attic. It originally was full sized Lionel trains and eventually became an entire HO train layout. But I never became a collector, and I gave up the trains completely at some point. But I never gave up The Beatles or guitars, that will never happen! One of my earliest memories is the JFK funeral, sitting in my Mom's lap on a rocking chair, and her crying. We grew up at a great time IMHO...we saw the old and the new. The old was better IMHO. And thankfully we didn't have cell phones with cameras back in the day either!
new6659, Alberta_Slim and thunder58 like this.
larryr, ishtar, wabash slim and 2 others like this.
My parents were of modest means, but my father was resourceful and inventive. When I was 5 years old, he bought a hollow door, painted it green, and laid HO track on it, my first model railroad. I know that we expanded upon it, but I don't recall the details. I remember some HO slot cars as well and, IIRC, we combined them with the trains. If I ever have the room, I'd like to build a simple layout with trains, and maybe an Aurora slotcar racetrack.
Alberta_Slim, GoLeafsGo and thunder58 like this.
4X8 sheet of plywood and O gauge for me. Lionel South Shore boxcab engine. Sadly, I saw some of the accessories I had in an antique shop years later. My Dad's best friend had a basement full of O trains and track. Barely enough room left for furnace and laundry. I loved going over there. He also had three steamer trunks full of comic books.
I'd love to do an HO model railroad, but with four cats in the house, it'd be under constant threat.
Purdue's oldest club is the model railroad in the basement of the Union. Has to be well over 80 years old. They inherited a full set of Lionel South Shore cars and engines and have them on a static display.
Alberta_Slim, thunder58 and larryr like this.
It's a wonderful hobby. If I ever do it again, I'm going minimalist; more of an impression than truly realistic scenery.
My dad and uncle worked on the railroad before I came along. I've always liked trains a lot. And I am totally fascinated by people's model train rigs. The attention to detail is amazing.
Alberta_Slim and thunder58 like this.
Alberta_Slim, larryr and wabash slim like this.
Y'know, it's not just trains. It's machinery of all sorts. My brother-in-law has a couple of old cars, and a couple of old tractors. He took us to a steam and tractor show years ago. I wasn't planning on enjoying myself too much (not a farm kid), but it was a riot.
There were a couple of old guys, neighbors, in the area near where I lived while in college. They built a large shed that sat on both of their properties that held a pair of steam traction engines. I had to go check them out when I heard the steam whistles.
Lots of us are into old cars and motorcycles (Studebakers and British café racers for me). Tom Hanks collects typewriters. I had a buddy who collected Victrolas and 78RPM and cylinder records. It's all about what speaks to your heart I guess.
so here is my ode to train songs recorded a few years ago. I live near some tracks (The Amtak Surfliner tracks mentioned earlier) so I get to hear train whistles throughout the day. This one is about what else, a breakup.
@thunder58 , did you ever frequent the slot car racetrack at 241st Street Marble Hill ? That place was my second home when I was 13-14 years old. How far are you from Otis Elevator and Sing Sing Prison? That was our sat am bike destination from Yonkers. Creepyville it was.
Audrey, the tabby wasn't too enthused when I brought home Katherine. She was grumpy for about 2 weeks, but got over it.


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Published in N°17 - May / June 2022
Article viewed 92 times
Current Concepts in the Arthroscopic Management of Femoroacetabular Impingement
By Ryan Mc Williams (1), Karadi Hari Sunil Kumar (2), Vikas Khanduja (2) in category UPDATE
(1) Medical Student, Leicester University Medical School, Leicester, United Kingdom - (2) Young Adult Hip Service, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke's - Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom / [email protected]
Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) is a condition characterized by abnormal contact of the femoral head and/or neck with the acetabular rim in the physiological range of motion of the hip, which occurs due to an abnormal hip morphology.
Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) is a condition characterized by abnormal contact of the femoral head and/or neck with the acetabular rim in the physiological range of motion of the hip, which occurs due to an abnormal hip morphology [1]. Though the exact cause remains unclear one theory suggests that bony overgrowth seen in FAI have been noted in young athletes with a developing skeletal system, who subject their proximal femoral epiphysis to excessively high loading forces and repetitive microtrauma [2]. There is a suggestion that the cam deformity develops during adolescence in the majority of athletes [3]. Genetic causes of FAI are yet to be identified and there is no conclusive evidence to confirm any correlation [4].
Abnormal hip morphology in FAI can be defined as cam, pincer or mixed type impingement. Cam impingement refers to the formation of a bony prominence or thickening at the anterolateral junction of the head and neck of the femur, which leads to an aspherical femoral head. This discrepancy between the femoral head and acetabulum leads to a conflict which increases the stresses being placed at the chondro-labral junction during flexion and internal rotation. These stresses eventually lead to a labral tear with the articular cartilage being...
Content only available to subscribers


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Law & Order Star & Fantastic British Actor
An instantly recognisable British actor that is not only a household name within the film and television industry but also a Golden Globe Award nominee, Linus Roache who is perhaps best known for his exceptional roles in Law & Order and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as well as playing Robert F. Kennedy in RFK . A Satellite Award winner for Best Supporting Actor in a television production for his role as Ralph Wigram in The Gathering Storm , Roache has also appeared in numerous other films and television series making him an immensely respected and sought after actor and figure that is available to hire for events, dinners and functions around the world through the Champions Speakers agency.
An actor in hit films such as Batman Begins , Non-Stop and Pandaemonium , Roache first burst onto the scene when he appeared in Coronation Street playing Peter Barlow, the son of his father's character Ken Barlow. A former member of The Royal Shakespeare Company , in the 1990s, Linus began a career in film while remaining active in television and stage. Going on to receive global acclaim for the leading role he played in Antonia Bird's Priest , Roache went on to star opposite Helena Bonham Carter in the 1997 film, The Wings of the Dove and to play the role of Thomas Wayne, father of Batman , in Batman Begins .
On television, Linus Roache became notorious for his role as Executive Assistant District Attorney , Michael Cutter in the American TV series Law & Order and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit . Announcing that he would return to play Laurence Cunningham, alongside his father William Roache, in Coronation Street , Roache was also cast in the HBO pilot, The Miraculous Year in 2010 before being cast as the lead in the ITV mini-series Titanic which coincided with the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the ship.
More recently excelling in hit television shows such as Homeland , Blacklist and the Vikings , Linus Roache has held incredibly prominent roles within these award-winning shows where he has not only showed his versatility, but also expertly showcased his acting expertise and prowess within his field. A film star, recent appearances in compelling movies such as Non-Stop and Barry have most certainly cemented Linus' impeccable reputation within the industry making him a must for your next event or production where he is available to hire through the Champions Speakers agency.
To book Linus Roache to make a personal appearance at your corporate event, function or conference, simply contact the Champions Speakers agency by emailing agent@championsukplc.com or by calling a booking agent directly on 0207 1010 553.
Get to know Linus a little bit better with CNBC 's interview , below:
Back to Actors & Actresses
Speakers relevant to Linus Roache:
Beverly Callard
Coronation Street Actress
Cherylee Houston
Dennis Waterman
Versatile British Actor & Star Of 'New Tricks'


"Springfield's Dana-Thomas House is the best preserved and most complete of Frank Lloyd Wright's early Prairie houses. The structure has changed little since its construction in 1902-04 for Springfield socialite and women's activist Susan Lawrence Dana. More than one hundred pieces of original Wright-designed white oak furniture is still in place along with two hundred fifty art glass doors, windows, and light panels. Two hundred original light fixtures and skylights illuminate the interior. Original sculptures in terra cotta by Richard W. Bock ornament the vestibule and reception hall, and the only surviving, original George Niedecken mural in any Wright house graces the four dining room walls.
The Dana-Thomas House is typical of the Prairie style, which is characterized on the exterior by low horizontal roofs, wide overhanging eaves, and rows of ribbon art glass windows. A raised main living level, open floor plan, and centralized fireplace and hearth are common features of the interior."


Nakatomi Corporation Christmas Party 1988 T Shirt. Can you believe there are people out there, who don't believe Die Hard is a Christmas movie? That's why you need this shirt. To start the conversation wherever you go, and to share the truth no matter how ostracized you might be.
Let me ask the unbelievers this: if Die Hard is not an Xmas movie, why in the name of John McClane is it featured in this definitive list of funny Christmas tees?
So, have I mentioned that Die Hard is absolutely a Christmas movie? Seriously. The screenwriter says it is. What more do you want? Jesus to come down from on high, sit in the chair at the Supreme Court and offer a judgment? He knows a little bit about Christmas. You can call him an authority, or influencer, or even a subject matter expert (SME).
This movie is almost 30 years old. Can't believe it. Timeless classic. Did you know all the mayhem in the movie took place in the Nakatomi Plaza? That's why it's on this shirt.
Did you also know there's a video game called Die Hard: Nakatomi Plaza. Yeah, it's a serious franchise. There were also 91 Die Hard sequels. Have you seen them all. I have because I love Christmas.


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No. 2 Nevada Assembly Democrat reacts to Mexico trip
Associated Press/February 13, 2003
A legislative trip to a Mexico prison to view an alternative drug treatment program developed by Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard was termed inappropriate Thursday by the Assembly's second-ranking Democrat.
Assembly Majority Leader Barbara Buckley, D-Las Vegas, said the program is scientifically invalid and undercuts other state efforts.
"I think this legislature has a true commitment to the rehabilitation of prisoners, especially those who are drug addicts,"Buckley said.
"If anything, why aren't we working on expanding (drug courts and mental health courts)? Why would we adopt an experimental, gimmicky program that has absolutely no scientific validation for it. All the studies seem to be done by Scientology efforts."
Buckley also said it's ironic Nevada would look to Mexico prisons for ways to handle drug addiction.
Assemblywoman Sharron Angle, R-Reno, tried to set up the 1-day trip to Ensenada State Prison to promote her plan for establishing the Second Chance Program for Nevada's female prison population.
Angle said she's unhappy with Buckley's reaction to the program, saying it could be"like a bridge across the border."
She hopes to take up to 35 legislators to the prison on March 1, but only a few had signed up. And Buckley's statement was a clear warning to the 23 Assembly Democrats to avoid the trip.
The program has been operating in the prison since 1995 and claims a 10 percent recidivism rate for inmates participating in the program.
The trip would be funded by Arizona businessman Randall Suggs. Angle wouldn't reveal any additional information about the donor.
The Second Chance Program detoxifies inmates by administering vitamin and mineral supplements, massage and sauna treatments to drain the body of drug residue, according to the program's brochure.
The program then includes an education component, followed by a self-respect component based on Hubbard's text"The Way to Happiness". The self-respect module also includes one-on-one interviews with a guidance counselor.
The program ends with a life skills component, training inmates on how to evaluate other people and how to change unwanted conditions of their lives. Inmates are then expected to take the program back into their communities upon their release.
Angle has twice visited the Ensenada prison, once with a group of women legislators, and another time with Nevada Department of Corrections Director Jackie Crawford.
Crawford was planning on attending the trip, but decided to remain behind since she had already seen the facility.
The Second Chance Program is licensed by the criminal rehabilitation group Criminon International, a child of NARCONON International, a drug rehabilitation program. Both groups employ Hubbard's teachings in their rehabilitation efforts and are heavily promoted by the Church of Scientology.


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Revolution Come... Revolution Go
Artist: Gov't Mule
Theme: Southern Rock
Double 180gm vinyl LP pressing. 2017 release. Revolution Come, Revolution Go is the band's 10th studio release and their Fantasy Records debut. Gov't Mule is fronted by Warren Haynes, one of music's most treasured storytellers and most formidable guitarists and vocalists in the modern era. Haynes points out that the album's first single, 'Stone Cold Rage,' represents "the divide that's going on in our country right now." He explains that "even though it was written before the election, it was written knowing that whichever way the results went, we were going to have close to fifty percent of the nation very angry. Musically, it's an aggressive up-tempo rock song that reflects the anger of the lyrics, but with a sense of sarcasm and humor." Gov't Mule has built a reputation as one of the great live bands in the jam community.
A1 Stone Cold Rage
A2 Drawn That Way
A3 Dreams & Songs
B1 The Man I Want To Be
B2 Traveling Tune
B3 Thorns Of Life
C1 Pressure Under Fire
C2 Easy Times
C3 Burning Point
D1 Sarah, Surrender
D2 Revolution Come, Revolution Go
D3 Dark Was The Night, Cold Was The Ground
Gov't Mule
Title: Revolution Come... Revolution Go
Artist(s): Gov't Mule
Label: Fantasy


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Q: Unable to click Anchor link due to it's 'invisibiliy' I am trying to click an  element enclosed in a div tag. Following is the HTML:

        Continue To Order Review

I have tried every possible thing I knew even jQuery injection and clicking but still no vail. Code I tried so far:
#m = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#btnCreditCard > a')
                        #m = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@id="btnCreditCard"]/a/i[1]')
                        #x = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="btnCreditCard"]/a')
                        #element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(lambda driver : x).click()

#driver.execute_script('( $("#btnCreditCard").hide() );')
                        #driver.execute_script('( $("#btnCreditCard").show() );')
                        #driver.execute_script('eval($("#btnCreditCard > a").attr("href")) ;')
                        #driver.execute_script('eval("Biz.GlobalShopping.CheckOut.continueToReview(1)") ;')
                        #driver.execute_script('$("#btnCreditCard > a")[0].click();')

I am getting following exception:
Exception Message: u'Element is not currently visible and so may not be interacted with' ; Stacktrace:
    at fxdriver.preconditions.visible (file:///var/folders/4B/4Bd6e77uH-uNGxBS-xhds++++TI/-Tmp-/tmp13jGXK/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/command-processor.js:8936:5)
    at DelayedCommand.prototype.checkPreconditions_ (file:///var/folders/4B/4Bd6e77uH-uNGxBS-xhds++++TI/-Tmp-/tmp13jGXK/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/command-processor.js:11595:1)
    at DelayedCommand.prototype.executeInternal_/h (file:///var/folders/4B/4Bd6e77uH-uNGxBS-xhds++++TI/-Tmp-/tmp13jGXK/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/command-processor.js:11612:11)
    at DelayedCommand.prototype.executeInternal_ (file:///var/folders/4B/4Bd6e77uH-uNGxBS-xhds++++TI/-Tmp-/tmp13jGXK/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/command-processor.js:11617:7)
    at DelayedCommand.prototype.execute/< (file:///var/folders/4B/4Bd6e77uH-uNGxBS-xhds++++TI/-Tmp-/tmp13jGXK/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/command-processor.js:11559:5)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/xx/Leo/xx/xxx", line 122, in addOrderFull
    m = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="btnCreditCard"]').click()

I am using Python2.7

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
TBF SA
Argumentative Essays Topics
Georgia and Texas Essay
Georgia and Texas
Georgia and Texas are both part of the "American South" or the "Dixie" which is considered as one of the most unique areas among all the American states. This part of the United States is endowed with rich history, traditions and cuisine. Because of their location, the geography and climate of Georgia and Texas are both suitable for growing different crops and grazing animals. More so, the natural resources available in the region have helped in shaping the distinct cultures and customs of these two U.S states. Aside from this, the South is also known for their historical significance and experiences. Since the time of slavery and the proliferation of discrimination, the South has continuously evolved in becoming a developed and enterprising region. "Although the South as a whole defies stereotyping, it is nonetheless known for entrenched political conservatism, for its Calvinist religion called 'fundamentalism' and for vestiges of nostalgia toward the old rural South" (Knowledgerush.com, 2003).
As a native of Texas, I grew up in the eastern part of the state in Tyler. My childhood here was filled with joy and laughter. Because of the memories I had with my family and friends, Texas would always have a special place in my heart. In 2007, I moved to Georgia because I was assigned in Warner Robins by the Air Force. Living in a new state required a lot of changes. Georgia is quite different from Texas in terms of land area and population wherein the latter is bigger and wider than the former. Texas is known as the "Lone Star State." As a major contributor in the cattle industry, Texas was popularized as the cowboy city where horses, cattle, ranches and cowboy fashion dominate the scenery (iloveindia.com, 2008). Meanwhile, Georgia was labeled as the "Peach State" because this state is the topmost producer of peaches. Also, it hosted the 1996 Summer Olympics that was held in Atlanta (50states.com, 2009). Moreover, in terms of influences Georgia is purely Southern while Texas is a mix of Mexican and Southern. Because of this difference, these two states have generated diverse customs and practices that make Georgia and Texas unique in their own right. But for me, there is no place like home. Texas would always be my special abode that would forever linger in my consciousness.
One of the reasons that I fell in love with Texas is because of its world-renown barbecue. It is one of the tastiest and scrumptious fares I have ever eaten in my life. Barbecue is a common type of cooking meats but in every region across the globe, the smoky taste varies due to the difference in preferences and ingredients. In Texas, there are four principal barbecue styles that varies in the ingredients, tastes, cooking methods and lastly cultural background. There are the East Texas barbecue, Central Texas barbecue, Texas Ranching Tradition and Texas barbecue. Among the four, I definitely love Texas barbecue. Originally, this style came from the "Texas Ranching Tradition but was developed in the western third of the state by Anglo ranchers." This "cowboy" style barbecue utilizes an open pit with " direct heat from mesquite." It is through this method that the proteins are cooked. Usually, the kind of meats that are barbecued in this style are mainly beef with popular cuts such as the "shoulder clods and brisket." Aside from this, goat and mutton meat are also used for the Texas barbecue (Walsh, 2002). Since Texas is believed to be a beef territory, the barbecue sauces are aptly made to complement the beefy taste of the smoked meat. Commonly, the sauce is a bit spicier compared to the sauces of other states and the mixture is mainly composed of "ketchup and Worcestershire" (bbq-sauces.com, 2009).
Meanwhile, in Georgia, barbecued meats are generally pork based. Like Texas barbecue, it also has several style variations namely the "East Georgia barbecue, Northeast Georgia barbecue and West Georgia barbecue." Normally, the Georgia barbecue is cooked in a gradual manner in an open pit. Oak or hickory wood are used to give added flavor. Then, it is usually served with "a spicy, tomato-based sauce." The favorite cuts of pork meat are the shoulder and "Boston Butt." To enhance the barbecue flavor, the traditional "Memphis-style sauce" is used which is more complex than the traditional Texas barbecue sauce. The "Memphis-style sauce" is composed of "ketchup, molasses, bourbon, garlic, cayenne pepper, and other ingredients." Traditionally, the port Georgia barbecue is served with side dishes such as "mustard-based potato salad or mayonnaise-dressing coleslaw." There is also an unusual dish that is eaten together with the barbecue and it is called Brunswick stew named after Brunswick, Georgia (bbq-sauces.com, 2009). On the other hand, Texas barbecue is preferred to be eaten on its own to really savor the barbecue taste. According to some people, eating the barbecue alone is enough to fill their taste buds and appetite. Also, it is easier and faster to cook than the Georgia barbecue. Because of these qualities and the fact that I am a beef lover, I prefer Texas barbecue than Georgia barbecue. Whenever I consume this delectable delicacy, I always feel that I am at home providing me with a sense of comfort.
Aside from food, Texas is also abundant in natural reserves particularly oil reserves. This state had been labeled as the home of the "modern oil industry." According to the U.S Department of Energy, "oil is the lifeblood of America's economy." This commodity caters to the country's over 40% energy demand. Also, oil supplies the fuel in powering vehicles (U.S. Department of Energy, 2009). Compared to Georgia, Texas is the supplier of oil while Georgia is the consumer of energy, in fact it is believed to be one of the highest users of electricity. Georgia produces energy from coal rather than oil (Energy Information Center, 2009). Texas has "petroleum deposits of about 5 billion barrels (790,000,000 m3), which makes up approximately one-fourth of the known U.S. Reserves." More so, the biggest petroleum companies can be found in this state such as "Conoco-Phillips, Exxon-Mobil, Halliburton, Valero, and Marathon Oil" ( Energy Information Center, 2009).
Another thing that I miss about Texas is the atmosphere of competitiveness in the form of the American football. This sport has dominated the sport scene for several years; as such, it has been known as the "king of the state" (Brady, 2008). There are two professional football teams in Texas which are Dallas Cowboys and the Houston Texans who both have acquired several championship trophies. From high school to college, football is still the number one choice for many individuals. Because of this great enthusiasm for football, almost all of the games are packed with fans cheering on their beloved home teams. When I attended the John Tyler vs. Robert E. Lee game, an estimated 20, 000 people were present. This particular experience was filled with fun and excitement. The energy that came out from that enormous amount of people was just revitalizing and exhilarating. On the other hand, I had a different experience when I attended a football game in Georgia. I watched the Northside Warner Robin vs. Warner Robins game which was supposed to be the biggest rivalry game at that time. Given the intense competition between the two teams, a number of fans were expected to attend but only 9,000 were present. This figure is definitely lower than the number of attendees of football games in Texas. Furthermore, this football outcome negates the claim of many Georgians about Georgia being a big football state.
Overall, Texas and Georgia may look like that they have a lot in common because both states are located at the southern region of the states. They may share similar geography and demographics but as an individual who was born in Texas, I think that Texas has a lot more to offer than Georgia. For years, this place has become witness to my personal and professional growth. This is the main reason why I cannot easily let go of all the Texas customs and practices. Meanwhile as a current resident of Georgia, I think it will take a while before I can fully embrace the distinct culture of Georgia. But for now, Texas had won me all over again.
50states.com. (2009). Georgia Facts and Trivia. Retrieved June 17, 2009, from http://www.50states.com/facts/georgia.htm
bbq-sauces.com. (2009). Regional BBQ Sauce Variations. Retrieved June 17, 2009, from http://www.bbq-sauces.com/
Brady, E. (2008). Football still king, but hoops teams in Texas grab attention. USA Today. Retrieved June 18, 2009, from http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/2003-04-03-texas-double_x.htm
Energy Information Center. (2009, June 4). Georgia. Retrieved June 18, 2009, from http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=GA
Energy Information Center. (2009, June 4). Texas. Retrieved June 18, 2009, from
iloveindia.com. (2008, May 14). Facts About Texas. Retrieved June 17, 2009, from http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/facts-about-texas-2027.html
Knowledgerush.com. (2003). American South. Retrieved June 17, 2009, from http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/American_South/
U.S. Department of Energy. (2009). Oil. Retrieved June 18, 2009, from http://www.energy.gov/energysources/oil.htm
Walsh, R. (2002). Legends Of The Texas Barbecue Cookbook: Recipes And Recollections From The Pit Bosses. US: Chronicle Books.
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Categories Earnings Call Transcripts, Technology
NVIDIA Corporation (NVDA) Q4 2021 Earnings Call Transcript
NVDA Earnings Call - Final Transcript
NVIDIA Corporation (NASDAQ: NVDA) Q4 2021 earnings call dated Feb. 16, 2022
Simona Jankowski — Vice President, Investor Relations
Colette Kress — Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Jensen Huang — Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer
Toshiya Hari — Goldman Sachs — Analyst
C.J. Muse — Evercore ISI — Analyst
Joseph Moore — Morgan Stanley — Analyst
John Pitzer — Credit Suisse — Analyst
Tim Arcuri — UBS — Analyst
Vivek Arya — Bank of America Merrill Lynch — Analyst
Michael — Wells Fargo — Analyst
Stacy Rasgon — Bernstein Research — Analyst
Harlan Sur — J. P. Morgan — Analyst
Matt Ramsay — Cowen and Company — Analyst
Rajvindra Gill — Needham & Company — Analyst
Good afternoon. My name is David and I'll be your conference operator today. At this time, I'd like to welcome everyone to NVIDIA's Fourth Quarter Earnings Call. [Operator Instructions] Thank you. Simona Jankowski, you may begin your conference.
Thank you. Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to NVIDIA's conference call for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022. With me today from NVIDIA are Jensen Huang, President and Chief Executive Officer; and Colette Kress, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. I'd like to remind you that our call is being webcast live on NVIDIA's Investor Relations website. The webcast will be available for replay until the conference call to discuss our financial results for the first quarter of fiscal 2023. The content of today's call is NVIDIA's property. It can't be reproduced or transcribed without our prior written consent.
During this call, we may make forward-looking statements based on current expectations. These are subject to a number of significant risks and uncertainties and our actual results may differ materially. For a discussion of factors that could affect our future financial results and business please refer to the disclosure in today's earnings release, our most recent Forms 10-K and 10-Q and the reports that we may file on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission. All our statements are made as of today, February 16, 2022 based on information currently available to us. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update any such statements. During this call, we will discuss non-GAAP financial measures. You can find a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP financial measures in our CFO commentary, which is posted on our website.
With that, let me turn the call over to Colette.
Thanks, Simona. We had an excellent quarter with revenue up 33% year-on-year to $7.6 billion. We set records for total revenue as well as for Gaming, Data Center and Professional Visualization. Full year revenue was a record $26.9 billion, up 61% compounding the prior year's growth of 53%. Starting with Gaming, revenue of $3.4 billion rose 6% sequentially and was up 37% from a year earlier. Fiscal year revenue of $12.5 billion was up 61%. Gaming has become the top entertainment medium and continues to show strong momentum. Just last month games hit a record 28 million concurrent users, up 50% in two years. Record desktop revenue in the quarter was led by our growth in our GeForce RTX 30 series products with continued strength in the high-end. At CES, we announced the RTX 3050 GPU which will — which set retail end by January bringing NVIDIA, RTX and AI technologies to more mainstream audiences.
Laptop gaming revenue also set a record, driven by the ramp of the new GeForce RTX 3070 Ti and 3080 Ti GPUs, which were also announced at CES. These leverage our fourth generation Max-Q technology to enable by a thin and light gaming laptops. All in, we announced over 160 new laptop designed for NVIDIA Ampere architecture RTX 30 series GPUs. These include a number of studios systems targeting the tens of millions of creators, driving the future of design, innovation and virtual world. In addition to supporting the new RTX 30 series GPUs studio laptops feature support for NVIDIA software like Omniverse, and broadcast. Availability of our gaming products in the channel remains low. NVIDIA RTX ecosystem continues to expand with over 30 new RTX games and applications added this quarter, including blockbuster hit like Battlefield 2042, Call of duty Vanguard and God of War. In addition, several new titles support NVIDIA Reflex for low latency income.
Our GPUs are capable of cryptocurrency mining, but we have limited visibility into how much of this impacts our overall GPU demand, Nearly all desktop NVIDIA Ampere architecture GeForce GPU shipments are light hash rate to help direct GeForce supply to gamers. Crypto mining processor revenue was $24 million, which was included in O&M and other. We continue to expand the NVIDIA GeForce NOW cloud gaming ecosystem with new hit titles including Battlefield IV and Battlefield V. At CES, we announced a partnership with Samsung to integrate GeForce NOW and it's smart TVs starting in Q2 of this year. This follows last month's data released for the GeForce NOW out for LG smart TVs. In addition, we teamed up with a changing need to bring GeForce NOW to 5G mobile devices in the U.S. We also added our first GFN data center in Canada.
Moving to Pro Visualization, Q4 revenue of $643 million was up 11% sequentially and up 109% from a year ago. Fiscal year revenue of $2.1 billion was up 100%. Sequential growth in the quarter was driven by a shift to higher value workstation and the continued ramp of our NVIDIA Ampere architecture. We believe strong demand is fueled by continued build-outs for hybrid work environment as well as growth in key workloads including 3D design, AI and rendering. For example, Sony Pictures image works is using NVIDIA RTX to accelerate for rendering related applications. Volkswagen is using NVIDIA RTX for AI to assist a predictive maintenance of the vehicles and Duke Energy is using NVIDIA RTX for AI and VR to map, view and maintain energy facilities. NVIDIA Omniverse Enterprise software entered general availability, while it's still in early days customer feedback so far has been very positive with multiple significant enterprise licensees already signed.
In addition to software licenses Omniverse also drives computing opportunity for NVIDIA RTX in laptops, workstations and on-prem servers and the cloud. Omniverse can be used by individuals for free and by enterprise teams via software subscriptions. At CES, we made the free version of Omniverse for individuals general availability. Omniverse allows creators with RTX GPUs to connect leading 3D design applications to single theme and single chart that work with AI and physics. We also announced early access to Omniverse cloud which as one click capability to collaborate with other audience whether cross the room or across the globe. For digital twin applications we announced the Isaac Autonomous Mobile Robot platform using Omniverse and securely orchestrated and cloud deliver with flick the platform optimizes operational efficiencies and accelerates to fund from logistics robots. It consists of several NVIDIA AI technologies and STKs, including including deep math for high-precision mapping, Metropolis for situational awareness and reop for real-time route optimization.
Moving to Automotive, Q4 revenue was $125 million, declined 7% sequentially and 14% from the year ago quarter. Fiscal year revenue of $566 million was up 6%. We have just started shipments of our warrant based product platform and expect to return a sequential revenue growth in Q1 with more meaningful inflection in the second half of the fiscal year and momentum building into calendar 2023.
I will now hand it over to Jensen to provide more color on this morning's automotive networking.
Thanks, Colette. Earlier today we announced a partnership with Jaguar Land Rover to jointly develop and deliver fleets of software defined cars. Starting in 2025 all new Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles will have next-generation automated driving systems plus AI-enabled software and services built on the NVIDIA DRIVE platform. DRIVE Orin will be the AI computer brain running our DRIVE AV and DRIVE IX software and the DRIVE Hyperion sensor network will be the central nervous system. This new vehicle architecture will enable a wide spectrum of active safety, automated driving and parking systems. Inside the vehicle the system will deliver AI features including driver and occupant monitoring and advanced visualization of the vehicle's surroundings.
We are very much looking forward to partnering with Thierry Bollore JLR CEO and his team to reinvent the future of luxury cars. Our full stack end to end approach is a new business model that offers downloadable AV and AI services to the fleet of JLR vehicles with a share software revenue stream for both companies over the life of the fleet. This partnership follows the template of our announcement with Mercedes-Benz. Our shared software revenue opportunity with both OEMs will scale with the size of the NVIDIA powered fleet which combined can exceed 10 million cars over a decade.
Colette back to you.
Thanks, Jensen. Moving to Data Center, record revenue of $3.3 billion grew on 11% sequentially and 71% from a year earlier. Fiscal year revenue of $10.6 billion was up 58%. Data Center growth in the quarter was once again led by our compute products on strong demand for NVIDIA AI. Hyperscale and cloud demand was outstanding with revenue more than doubling year-on-year. Vertical industries also posted strong double-digit year-on-year growth, led by consumer Internet companies. The flagship NVIDIA A100 GPU continue to drive strong growth. Inference focused revenue more than tripled year-on-year. Accelerating inference growth has been enabled by widespread adoption our Triton Inference Server software, which helps customers deliver fast and scalable AI in production. Data Center compute demand was driven by continued deployment of our Ampere architecture based products for fast growing AI workloads such as natural language processing and deep learning recommendation systems as well as cloud computing.
For example, Block Inc, the global leader in payment uses conversational AI in its square assistant to schedule appointments with customers. These AI models are trained on NVIDIA GPUs and AWS and perform inference 10x faster on the AWS GPU servers and on our CPUs. Social media companies Snap used NVIDIA GPUs and Merlin, deep recommend daters software to improve inference cost efficiency by 50% and decreased latency by 2x. For the third row — year in a row, industry benchmark show that NVIDIA AI continues to lead the industry and performance along with partners like Microsoft Azure, NVIDIA set records in the latest MLPerf benchmarks for AI training across eight popular AI workloads including computer vision, natural language processing, recommendation systems, reinforcement learning and our chip detection.
NVIDIA AI was the only platform to make submissions across all benchmarks and use cases, demonstrating the totality as well as our performance. The numbers show performance gains on our A100 GPUs of over 5x in just 18 months, thanks to continuous innovations across the full stack in AI algorithms, optimization tools and system software. Over the past three years performance gains of over 20x powered by advances we have made across our full stack offering GPUs, networks, systems and software. The leading performance of NVIDIA AI is sought after by some of the worlds most technically advanced companies by the platforms unveiled its new AI super computer Research SuperCluster with over 6,000 A100 GPUs led to an NVIDIA quantum. Net of all these benchmarks showed a system can train large natural language process model 3x faster and run a computer vision jobs 20x faster than the prior system.
In a second phase later this year the system will expand to 16,000 GPUs, and will deliver 5x of mixed precision AI performance. In addition to performance and scale, Meta hided extreme reliability, security, privacy and flexibility to handle a wide range of AI models as its key criteria for the system. We continue to broaden the reach and we use the adoption of NVIDIA AI in two vertical industries. Our ecosystem of NVIDIA certified systems expanded with Cisco and Hitachi antenna which joined Dell, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Inspur, Lenovo and Supermicro among other several manufacturers. We released version 1.1 of our NVIDIA AI enterprise software allowing enterprises to run accelerated AI workloads on NVIDIA on mainstream IT infrastructure as well and we expanded a number of system integrators qualified for NVIDIA AI enterprise.
Forrester Research and its evaluation of vendor project AI infrastructure providers recognized NVIDIA the top category of gaming. An example of a partner that's helping to expand our reach into enterprise IT is Deloitte, a leading global consulting firm which is built its center for AI computing on NVIDIA DGX super comps. At CES, we extended our collaboration to AV development leveraging our robust AI infrastructure and Deloitte's team of 5,500 system integration developers and 2000 data scientists to architect solutions or truly intelligent transportation. Our networking products puts a strong sequential and year-over-year growth driven by exceptional demand across use cases ranging from our computing, super computing enterprise.
These not adopters led growth driven by the adoption of our next-generation products and higher speed departments. Our revenue was gated by supply we anticipate improving capacity in coming quarters that should allow us to serve the significant customer demand we're seeing. Across the board we are excited about the traction we are seeing with our new software business models, including NVIDIA AI, NVIDIA Omniverse and NVIDIA DRIVE. We are still early in the software revenue ramp, our pipelines are building customers across the industries seek to accelerate the pace of adoption and innovation with NVIDIA.
Now, let me turn it back over to Jensen for some comments.
Thanks, Colette. Last week, we terminated our efforts to purchase Arm. When we entered into the transaction in September 2020 we believe that would accelerate Arm's focus on high performance CPUs and help Arm expand into new markets, benefiting all Arm customers in the entire ecosystem. Like any combination of pioneers of important technologies our proposed acquisition spurred questions from regulators worldwide. We appreciated the regulatory concerns. For over a year we'd work closely with SoftBank and Arm to explain our vision for Arm and reassure regulators that NVIDIA would be a worthy Stewart of the Arm ecosystem. We gave it our best shot, but the headwinds were too strong and we could not give regulators the comfort they needed to approve our deal.
NVIDIA is working to accelerate computing and our overall strategy will continue as before. Our focus is accelerated computing. We are on track to launch our Arm-based Grace CPU, targeting jaunt AI and HPC workloads in the first half of next year. Our 20 year architectural license to Arm's IP allows us the full breadth and flexibility of options across technologies and markets. We will deliver on our three chip strategy across CPUs, GPUs and DPUs. Our x86 or Arm will use the best CPU for the job and together with partners and the computer industry offer the world's best computing platform to tackle the impactful challenges of our time.
Back to you Colette.
Thanks, Jensen. We're going to turn to our P&L and our outlook. For the discussion of the rest of the P&L please refer to the CFO commentary published earlier today on our Investor Relations website. Let me turn to the outlook for the first quarter of fiscal 2023. We expect sequential growth to be driven primarily by Data Center. Gaming will also contribute to growth. Revenue is expected to be $8.1 billion plus or minus 2%. GAAP and non-GAAP gross margins are expected to be 65.2% and 67%, respectively, plus or minus 50 basis points. GAAP operating expenses are expected to be $3.55 billion including the Arm write-off of $1.36 billion. Non-GAAP operating expenses are expected to be $1.6 billion. For the fiscal year, we expect to grow non-GAAP operating expenses at a similar percent as in fiscal 2022. GAAP and non-GAAP other operating — other income and expenses are both expected to be an expense of approximately $55 million, excluding gains and losses of non-affiliated investments.
GAAP and non-GAAP tax rates are expected to be 11% and 13% plus or minus 1% excluding discrete items. Capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $350 million to $400 million. Further financial details are included in the CFO commentary and other information available on our IR website. In closing, let me highlight upcoming events for the financial community. We will be attending the Morgan Stanley Technology Media and Telecom Conference in person on March 7th. We will also be hosting a Virtual Investor Day on March 22nd alongside the GPU Technology Conference. This will follow Jensen's opening keynote which we invite you to tune in for. Our earnings call to discuss the results from our first quarter of fiscal 2023 is scheduled for Wednesday May 25th.
We will now open the call for questions. Operator, will you please poll for questions.
Thank you. [Operator Instructions] We'll take our first question from Toshiya Hari with Goldman Sachs and Company. Your line is open.
Great. Thank you so much for taking the question. Jensen and Colette, I wanted to ask about data center. Colette based on your guidance, you're probably guiding data center growth on a year-over-year basis to accelerate into the April quarter, you talked about hyperscale cloud growing more than 2 times and enterprise or verticals growing strong double-digits in the January quarter. Can you kind of speak to the drivers for April and perhaps speak to visibility into the second half of the fiscal year as well the data center. Thank you.
I'll start and I'll turn it over to Jensen. For Q1 our guidance can include an acceleration of data center from where we left in terms of Q4. We will have growth across several of our market platforms within Q1 both data center, gaming and probably a couple of others. But yes there is expected to be accelerated growth as we move into Q1. I will turn it over to Jensen to talk about the drivers that we see for the quarter and also for the full year.
Yeah. We have several, first of all, Toshiya good to hear from you. We have several growth drivers in data centers. There is hyperscale, public cloud, enterprise core and enterprise edge. We're seeing growth across the entire spectrum. There are several different use cases that are particularly exciting, large language models, language understanding models triggered by the invention of transformers which is probably one of the most important AI models that's been invented in some time and conversational AI used for customer service chat bots, a whole bunch of customer service applications that could be web-based, that could be point of sale base, that could be cloud-based, recommender systems, deep learning based recommender systems are making groundbreaking improvements and cloud graphics. All the work that we're doing and putting rendering or putting simulations up in the cloud, cloud gaming, Android cloud gaming are really a driving adoption in the cloud. And so, so many different use cases, but across across all of the different platforms in data centers.
Next we'll go to C.J. Muse with Evercore ISI.
Yeah, good afternoon. Thank you for taking the question. I guess another question on the data center side, curious if you can speak to supply constraints on the wafer side and whether that played a role in terms of capping revenues in the January quarter and how you see the that becoming less of a headwind for you as you proceed through the year.
Thanks, C.J. for the question. I'll start on the data center supply. We discussed last quarter and discussed today, we still have some supply constraints across some of our businesses. Networking in the data center business has been on supply constraint. We're improvement every single day. And we do expect to improve supply each quarter as we enter into fiscal year '23. So that is probably the key area within our data center, but from time to time there can be other types of focus on doing so. So, I'll turn the rest of the question to Jensen in terms of how we think about the rest of the year as well.
Yeah, Colette captured it well. We — our supply constrained, our demand is greater than our supply. As you know our data center product line consists of GPUs, mix, blue field DPUs, quantum and spectrum switches, HGX if you will system component, meaning that that the entire motherboard or the entire GPU board is delivered in combination because it's so complicated. And so we have products that span a broad breach of use cases for data centers from training of AI models to inferencing a very large scale to universal GPUs for public cloud. Industry standard servers, commodity servers are for enterprise use and super computing systems that use InfiniBand in plugs and switches. And so the application space is quite broad. We saw demand constraint pretty much across the entire range.
Our operations team did a fantastic job this year both in executing in all of these complicated products but also in expanding our supply base. We expect supply to improve each and every quarter going forward. And this quarter, this coming quarter, the Q1 — the April quarter is based on guidance that Colette just made. It's consistent with an increasing supply base. We expect to still be demand constrained, but our supply base is going to increase this quarter, this next quarter and pretty substantially in the second half.
Next we'll go to Joe Moore with Morgan Stanley.
Great, thank you. I wonder if you could talk a little bit more about Grace now that the strategy separate from the acquisition of Arm the — what are your aspirations there? Is it going to be primarily oriented to the TJX and AGX systems business or is just merchant chips just how are you thinking about that opportunity long-term?
Thanks, Joe. We have a multiple Arm projects going in the company from connected from devices to robotics processors such as the new Orin that's going into autonomous vehicles and robotic systems and industrial automation robotics and such. Orin is doing incredibly well. It started production. And as we mentioned earlier, it's going to drive an inflection point starting in Q2, but accelerating through Q3 in the several years after as we ramp into all of the electric cars and all of the robotic applications and global taxes and such. We also have Arm projects with the CPU that you mentioned Grace. We have Grace and we have truly have the follow-ons to Grace and you could expect us to do a lot of CPU developments around the Arm architecture.
One of the things that really developed nicely over the last couple of years is the success that Arm has seen in hyperscalers and data centers. And it's really accelerated and motivated them to accelerate the development of higher end CPUs. And so you're going to see a lot of exciting CPUs coming from us and Grace is just the first example that you're going to see a whole bunch of them beyond that. But our strategy is accelerated computing. That's ultimately what we do for a living. We, as you know, love it where there is any CPUs. If it's an x86 from any vendor so long as we have a CPU we could connect NVIDIA's platform to it and accelerated for artificial intelligence or computer graphics or robotics and such and so we love to see the expansion of CPU footprints and we're just thrilled that Arm is now growing into robotics and autonomous vehicles and cloud computing and super computing and all these different applications and we intend to bring the full spectrum of NVIDIA's accelerated computing platform to NVIDIA Arm CPUs.
Next we'll go to John Pitzer with Credit Suisse.
Yeah. Good afternoon, guys. Thanks for letting me ask the question. Colette and Jensen, just on the inventory purchase obligations I think this was the fourth quarter in a row where you've seen greater than 30% sequential growth and it's the first quarter with that number is now eclipsing kind of your quarterly revenue guidance. And so I guess I'm trying to figure out to what extent is this just a reflection of how tight things are across the semi industry, to what extent it is the poker tell of kind of how bullish you are on future demand? And relative to your commentary that supply starts to get better throughout the year, should we expect that number to start to level off or as the mix moves more to data center and more longer cycle times more complicated devices should that number continue to grow?
The factors, the drivers that you mentioned in the supply chain, we expanded our supply chain footprint significantly this year to prepare us for both increased supply base and supply availability in each one of the quarters going forward, but also in preparation for some really exciting product launches. As mentioned Orin ramping into autonomous vehicles is brand new. This is the inflection point of us growing into autonomous vehicles. This is going to be a very large business for us going forward. It was already mentioned. Grace is a brand new product that has never been on NVIDIA's roadmap and we already see great success with customers who love the architecture of it and desperately need of the type of capability that Grace brings. And this should be a pretty exciting new — exciting year for new product launches. And so we're preparing for all of that laying the foundation for us to bring all those exciting products to our marketplace.
Next we'll go to Tim Arcuri with UBS.
Thank you very much. Obviously, there's a lot more talk from you about software and I think it's still kind of a little bit of a black box for a lot of investors. And I know Jensen that you've talked about software as a medium to basically open up new markets. But I'm wondering maybe if you can sort of quantify how big the software licensing revenue is today and maybe when you might start to break it out like you did data center, which really got the stock moving at a huge, huge way. Thanks.
Yeah. NVIDIA is a software driven business, accelerated computing is a software driven business. It starts from recognizing what domain of applications we want to accelerate and can accelerate and then building an entire stack from the processor to the system, to the system software, the acceleration engines and potentially even the applications itself like the software that we were mentioning earlier NVIDIA DRIVE, NVIDIA AI and NVIDIA Omniverse. These are applications that sit on top of system software and are really valuable to the marketplace. The way to think about our software licensing, so we've always been a software driven business. But for the very first time we have packaged licensable software on a available to customers. The way that we license software for NVIDIA AI Enterprise is per node of server. There is some 20 million, 25 million servers that are installed in the world today in enterprises, not including clouds.
We believe that every single server in the future will be running AI software and we would like to offer an engine that enables enterprises to be able to use the most advanced, the most trusted, the most utilized AI engine in the world. And so that is essentially the target market, if you will, for NVIDIA AI. The NVIDIA Omniverse is targeting — is designed for creators contributing content to a virtual world and connected to robots that are contributing to content in a virtual world and so it's based on connections. There are 40 million designers and creators around the world. There are going to be hundreds of millions of robots. Every single car will essentially be a robot some day. And those are connections that will be connected into a digital twin system like Omniverse and those are — so the Omniverse business model is per connection per year.
And in the case of NVIDIA DRIVE we share the economics of the software that we deliver. And if it's AV software or parking software or cabin based AI software whatever the licensing is or whatever the service if it's upfront license we share the economics of that. If it's a monthly service subscription we share the economics of that, but basically for the cars that we are part of that we're developing the end-to-end service we will get the benefits of the economics of that for the entire life of the fleet of the car. And so you could imagine what 10 million cars with the modern car lifetimes of 10 to 20 years the economics in the market the installed opportunity is quite high. And so our business opportunity is based on those factors, but our software business really started several years ago with virtual GPUs, but this year was when we really stepped up and offered for the very first time NVIDIA AI Enterprise, Omniverse and DRIVE and so watch the spot. I think this is going to be a very significant business opportunity for us and we look forward to reporting on it.
Next we'll go to Vivek Arya with Bank of America.
Thanks for taking my question. Jensen, in the past you mentioned about a 10% or so adoption rate for AI among your customer base. I was hoping you could quantify where we are in that adoption curve that you could kind of differentiate between the adoption differences between your hyperscale and enterprise customers. And then kind of related to that, is there an inorganic element to your growth now that you have over $20 billion of cash on the balance sheet, how are you planning to deploy that to kind of accelerate your growth also?
Yeah. The applications for AI is unquestionably growing and is growing incredibly fast. Whether in enterprises and financial services it could be fraud detection, in cases of consumer pointing businesses, customer service, conversational AI where people are calling chatbots. But in the future every website will have a chatbot, every phone number will have a chatbot that whether it's a human in the loop or not human in the loop, will have a chatbot and so customer service will be heavily, heavily supported by artificial intelligence in the future. Almost every point of sales I think whether it's a fast foods or quick service businesses are going to have a chatbots and an AI based customer service.
Retail checkouts will be supported by AI agents. And so all of this has made possible by a couple of breakthroughs, computer vision, of course, because the agents, the AIs had to make eye contact and recognize your posture and such, recognize speech, understand the context and what has been spoken about and have a reasonable conversation with people, so that you could provide good customer service. The ability to have human in the loop is one of the great things about an AI much, much more so than a recording, which obviously is not intelligence and therefore, it's difficult to, if you will, call your manager or call somebody to provide services that the AI can't.
And so the number of different applications that have been enabled by natural language understanding in customer service in just the last couple of years has grown tremendously. I think we're — we remain early days in our adoption. It's incredible how fast it's growing and how many different applications possible with AI. It pretty much says that almost all future software will be written with AI or by AI and when it's done, it will be an AI. And we see it in all these different industries. And so I'm pretty certain we're in the early innings yet of AI and this is going to be one of the largest industries of software that we have ever known. With respect to capital we, as you know, we have just terminated our Arm agreement. We have a regular capital strategy process and we'll go through that and we'll make the best judgment about how to use our capital in helping our growth and sustaining our growth and accelerating our growth and we'll have all of those sensible conversations during those capital allocation meetings. We're just delighted to have so much capital and so just to put it out there.
And next we'll go to Aaron Rakers with Wells Fargo.
Thanks guys. This is that our Michael on behalf of Aaron. Can you guys talk about how the launch of the RTX 3050 is going so far and maybe more broadly, your view of where we are in the pure product cycle of gaming. Thanks.
Thanks, Michael. Let's say we — RTX is a unqualified home run. RTX completely reinvented modern computer graphics. It made — it brought forward ray tracing about a decade earlier than anybody thought possible. The combination of RTX with artificial intelligence which enable this technology we call DLSS is able to not only do a ton more computation using our share processors, but also engage the powerful tensor for processors that we have in our GPUs to generate images, beautiful images. RTX has been adopted by just about every game developer on the planet now. It's been adopted by just about every design tool on the planet now. And if not for RTX, Omniverse wouldn't be possible. We wouldn't be able to do physically based tracing and simulate sensors like radars and lidars and ultrasonics and of course cameras and simulate these cameras physically and still be able to deliver the type of performance that we deliver. And so RTX was a game changer for the industry. It reset modern computer graphics and it was an enabler for us to build an entire new platform from call Omniverse.
We are about — I think about a third of the way through upgrading an installed base that is growing. You know that video games is now the world's largest gaming genre and Steam over the last two years has grown by 50%. The number of concurrent players on Steam has grown tremendously. And just the last couple of years, a brand new game store from Epic came on and it's already a multi-hundred million dollar business. I think it's close to a $1 billion. They're doing incredibly well. I'm so happy to see it. And so the overall gaming market is growing and it's growing quite nicely. But the thing that in addition to reselling computer graphics for our entire installed base, the growing of our installed base because gaming is growing, there are a couple of other growth dynamics that are associated with GeForce in RTX that's really quite brand new. One of them is hybrid work.
This is a permanent condition. And we now are seeing across the board people who are designers and creators now have to set up essentially a new workstation or new home workstation design studio so that they could do their work at home. In addition, the creative economy, the digital economy, the creative economy is really, really doing fantastically because everything has to be done in 3D now. Print ads are done in 3D. So 2D print is done in 3D. Video is done in 3D. And live video, broadcast video, the millions of influencers now augment their broadcast with rich augmented reality in 3D graphics. And so 3D graphics is now not just for video games and 3D content, it's actually use now for all forms of digital content creation and so RTX has all of these different drivers working behind it and we're definitely in the early innings of RTX.
Next we'll go to Stacy Rasgon with Bernstein Research.
Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my question. So you said that the growth in the next quarter is about $450 million give or take, driven by data center. Can you give us some feeling for how that growth is being driven by units versus pricing versus mix and how those drivers might differ between gaming and data center if at all for Colette?
It's really early in the quarter to determine Stacy our exact mix that we will have based on the unit and an ASD across the globe. Our overall growth quarter-over-quarter going into Q1 will be driven by data center primarily. We will see a little bit of growth there in gaming. I think that's important to understand that even after Q4 and holiday moving into Q1 we'll still probably see growth there in gaming, which is different in terms of what we've seen seasonally. And we'll probably have growth in automotive as well sequentially between Q4 and Q1. There are still some areas of that are supply constraint and we are working again to try and improve that for every quarter going forward, but that's how you should look at our fiscal Q1, primarily from data center.
Next we'll go to Harlan Sur with J.P. Morgan.
Good afternoon. Congratulations on the solid results and execution. The networking connectivity portfolio addition has been a pretty solid for the NVIDIA team, especially in enabling scaling of your GPUs systems, improving connectivity bottlenecks in yours and your customer accelerated compute platforms, so in a year where assault spending is growing 30%. You've got a strong networking upgrade cycle, which is good for your products and just continued overall good attach rates. If the team can unlock more supply, will the networking connectivity business grow in line or faster than the overall data center business this year? And then for Jensen, have you driven synergies between Mellanox leadership in networking connectivity, and for example, leveraging their capabilities for your internally developed and dealing connectivity and switching architectures?
Yes, absolutely. If not for the work that we did so closely with Mellanox, the scalability of DGX and DGX SuperPOD and the Research Supercomputer that was just installed a minimum would just not be possible. The concepts of overlapping networking and compute moving summit — moving computing into the fabric, into the network, the work that we're doing with synchronous and precision timing, so that we could create Omniverse computers that be the laws of physics and space-time, these things are just simply not possible. The work that we're doing to bring cloud native secure multi-tenancy to super computing wouldn't have been possible. The number of innovations that are countless. And so I am so thrilled with the combination and so thrilled with the work the Mellanox team are doing. We've accelerated roadmaps as a result of the combination that we could leverage a much larger base of chip design. BlueField's roadmap has been accelerated probably by about a year. The switch — the quantum switch and the spectrum switch, the startings are absolutely world-class shared between Ethernet and InfiniBand and NVIDIA link absolutely the best startings in the world. And so the list of opportunities are the list of combination benefits is really quite countless. And so I'm super thrilled with that.
With respect to networking growth, we should be growing. If we weren't supply constrained, we should be growing faster than overall CSP growth. And the reason for that is twofold. The first is because the networking leadership position of Mellanox, Mellanox is highly heavy weight in the upper end of networking where the adoption of higher speed networks tends to move. And so it's sensible that as new data centers are build the first preference is to install it with higher speed networking than last generation networking and Mellanox networking technology is unambiguously world-class. The second reason is because the areas where the overall NVIDIA is strong has to do with the areas that are growing quite fast which related to artificial intelligence or cloud AI and such and so those different applications are growing faster than the core and so it would be sensible that we have the opportunity as we expand our supply base to continue to grow faster than CSP overall.
Our next question will come from Matt Ramsay with Cowen.
Yes. Thank you very much. Good afternoon. Jensen, I maybe wanted to expand on some of the things that you were just speaking about in your last answer with respect to the data center business. It's not often maybe ever that you have both x86 server vendors having new big platform upgrades in the same year which will probably happen later this year. There's a lot going on there. DDR4, PCIe 5 on CXL stuff. I wonder if you could talk a bit about your data center business broadly and what you feel might be memory and I-O constrained currently that these systems might unlock for you both in the cloud enterprise side, but also in the DGX business. Thanks.
Yeah. Thanks, Matt. There are several bottlenecks and let me just highlight some of them. One of the largest bottlenecks is our memory speed. And memory speed that's the reason why we use the fastest memories in the world HBM and GDDR etc. etc. But we are the largest consumers of the fastest memories in the world. And not even by — there is not — with no close second that I know. And so our consumption of fast memories is important to the work that we do. The second is networking performance. It is the reason why we have the fastest networks. It is also the reason why we have the most fastest networks in any system. We will have, for example, eight InfiniBand at the highest speeds connected right into HGX or DGX server and so the work that we do in GPUDirect memory RDMA, the work that we do with GPUDirect storage, the work that we do within network computing and all reductions and moving data around inside the network is absolutely world-class.
This is an area that we are just in time just incredibly proud. All of that is so that we could be less bottlenecked by the CPU. Remember inside it — inside our DGX system is one CPU and eight GPUs. And the fundamental goal is to offload as much as we can and utilize the resources that we have as much as we can. This year we expect a transition in PCIe Gen4 to Gen5. We are constrained on Gen4. We'll be constraint on Gen5, but we're used to that. And that's something that we're very good at. And we'll continue to support Gen4 well through next year maybe well through the next couple of years and all of the installed base of Gen4 systems that are going to be all over the world. And we'll take advantage of Gen5 as much as we can. But we have all kinds of new technologies and strategies to improve the throughput of systems and avert the bottlenecks that are there.
Our final question comes from the line of Raji Gill with Needham and Company.
Yes, thanks and congrats on the good quarter and guide. Colette question on the gross margin and the Jensen's point about really creating a software business driven by Omniverse, DRIVE and Enterprise. When you're kind of contemplating your margin profile over the next couple of years, how do we think about that? Is it really going to be driven by an increasing mix of software as a percentage of your revenue over time? Is there more margin upside on the hardware side in terms of some of your segments? The software opportunity is very exciting. But I'm just curious how that would translate to your kind of your more of a longer term margin profile. Thank you.
Yes, thanks for the question on gross margin and the long term. When we think about the long-term gross margin, we have incorporated software in many of our platforms today, meaning our high-value platforms in data center purpose other parts of our business has really helped us with our gross margin to this point and we've done a really solid job of managing out that the growth over the years. I believe these businesses will continue to be a growing opportunity for us, but now also the ability to package of software influence [Technical Issues] scales with our enterprise customers in the data center and with our already procured deals, got to look who is got a great opportunity in the future and the [Technical Issues] in the years to come. So we're going to work on that. We've set the stage for having been able to package it up to be able to sell it separately to create the business model, to create the partners that are helping us sell it. So, yes, we do believe this will be a driver in the long term.
Thank you. I'll now turn it back over to Jensen Huang for closing remarks.
Thanks, everyone. The tremendous demand for our computing platforms NVIDIA RTX, NVIDIA HPC and NVIDIA AI drove a great quarter, capping a record year. Our work propels advances in AI, digital biology, climate sciences, gaming, creative design to autonomous vehicles and robotics it's some of today's most impactful fields. Our open computing platform optimized across the full stack, architecture for data center scale is adopted by customers globally from cloud to cord to edge and robotics. I am proud of NVIDIA operations team as we made substantial strides and broadening our supply base to scale our company and better serve customer demand. And this year we introduced new software business models with NVIDIA AI Enterprise, NVIDIA Omniverse and NVIDIA DRIVE. NVIDIA DRIVE is a full stack end-to-end platform that serves the industry with AB chips, data center infrastructure for AI and simulation, mapping and the autonomous driving application service. Our data center infrastructure is used by just anybody building AVs, robotics, robo taxis, shuttles and trucks. 80 companies have selected our Orin chip across the world. And our partnership with Mercedes-Benz and Jaguar Land Rover has opened up a new software and services business model for millions of cars for the life of the fleet.
NVIDIA Omniverse is a world simulation engine that connects simulated digital world to the physical world. Omniverse is the digital twin, a simulation of the physical world. The system can be a building, a factory, a warehouse, a car, a fleet of cars, a robotics factory orchestrating a fleet of robots building cars that are themselves robotic. Today's Internet is 2D and AIs in the cloud. The next phase of Internet will be 3D and AI will be connected to the physical world. We created Omniverse to enable the next wave of AI, where AI and robotics touches our world. Omniverse can sounds like science fiction, but there are real world use cases today. Hundreds of companies are evaluating Omniverse. We can't wait to share more of our progress at next month's GTC, learn about new chips, new computing platforms, new AI in robotic breakthroughs and the new frontiers of Omniverse. Here from the technologist of Deloitte, Epic Games, Mercedes-Benz, Microsoft, Pfizer, Sony, Visa, Walt Disney, Zoom and more this GTC promises to be our most exciting developers conference ever. We had quite a year yet nothing makes me more proud than the incredible people who have made NVIDIA one of the best companies to work for and the company where they do their life's work. We look forward to updating you on our progress next quarter. Thank you.
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Bars-M Satellite Overview
Electro-Optical Imaging Satellite based on Yantar – Image: TsSKB Samara
The Bars-M satellite project is a classified or semi-classified project under operation by the Russian Ministry of Defence as a replacement for the Kometa spacecraft that have been in operation since the 1980s combining a topographic imaging system and high-resolution Earth imaging system.
The Kometa satellites were developed in the 1970s under the framework of the Yantar reconnaissance program. They were also known as Yantar-1KFT satellites, based on the first generation of Yantar satellites that started development in 1964 to augment and eventually replace the Zenit reconnaissance spacecraft that performed missions of 8 to 15 days and achieved ground resolutions of one to two meters. Over 500 Zenit missions were flown between 1961 and 1994 with Yantar being operated alongside with the purpose of conducting reconnaissance on larger areas and delivering cartographic data.
The first Yantar film-return satellite flew in 1974 and the program saw a number of different satellite variants, going through a number of improvements over the years.
The Yantar-1KFT satellites were introduced in 1981 and completed 21 missions through 2005, operating from orbits at altitudes between 180 to 270 Kilometers for mission durations of three to six weeks, returning exposed film to the ground at the end of the mission.
Image: Sovinformsputnik
The Kometa satellites had a launch mass of around 6,600 Kilograms using the Yantar bus module, a Zenit film return capsule and a payload module hosting a TK-350 and KVR-1000 imaging system. TK-350 was a wide-angle stereo camera system that covered a field of view as large as 200 by 300 Kilometers with a spatial resolution of ten meters. The system acquired fore and aft stereo pairs with an 80% overlap, exposing 30 by 45-centimeter film frames. KVR-1000 was the high-resolution component of the payload acquiring panchromatic imagery at a meter ground resolution of one to two meters and a field of view of 40 Kilometers. Both cameras covered a wavelength range of 510 to 760 nanometers.
Imagery from Kometa was used for military applications as well as a variety of topographic purposes such as updating of existing maps, the generation of large scale maps, digital maps, forestry cadastre, land management, resource management and a number of other applications. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Kometa imagery was available on the commercial market starting in the early 1990s. These were the highest resolution images that were available on the commercial market with resolutions up to two meters. One-meter resolution imagery started distribution in 2001, however, the availability of commercial electro-optical satellites led to a significant decrease of demand on imagery of film-return vehicles.
To keep up with technological standards, Russia initiated the development of a Kometa follow-on in the mid-1990s under the Bars designation which was to be a topographic electro-optical imaging system consisting of a wide-angle and high-resolution camera and a set of laser altimeters. The original Bars design called for the satellites using the Yantar spacecraft bus that continues to be operated in electro-optical imaging satellites such as Resurs and Persona. Since the Bars program was operated by the military, virtually no details on the satellite design or development progress were available.
The Bars program stalled in the early 2000s due to the typical problems encountered by Russian programs, notably a lack of financial support and technical challenges. Eventually, Bars was canceled in favor of an advanced design known as Bars-M that stepped away from the Yantar-based design to use a completely new spacecraft platform.
In charge of the program is TsSKB Progress that develops and manufactures the satellite platform while the payload is developed and built by the Leningrad Optical Mechanical Association (LOMO). The contract for the Bars-M satellites was signed in 2007 with an initial launch date set for within five years.
Image: TsSKB Progress
Overall, the Bars-M platform measures 4.0 by 2.3 by 2.3 meters with a mass of around four metric tons. The satellite consists of three sections, a Service Module, an Instrument Module and a Payload Module that hosts the Karat imaging instrument. The payload section is an independent module with its own structural systems so that it can be manufactured separately from the other spacecraft components for integration late in the manufacturing process.
The Bars-M satellite bus is an unpressurized satellite platform using aluminum honeycomb panels that form a lattice structure and provide mounting structures for the various satellite components. Radiators are installed on the outside of the platform to radiate excess heat into space as part of the satellite's thermal control system. Electrical power is generated by two deployable solar arrays.
BOKZ-M star trackers build by IKI are used on the satellite to identify and track star patterns to accurately calculate the vehicle's three-axis attitude using an onboard algorithm. The star tracker weighs about four Kilograms, is 37 by 23 by 23 centimeters in size and operates at a data update frequency of 0.3Hz (one update every three seconds).
The star trackers can support spacecraft slew rates of up to 0.2°/s. CCD detectors are used by the star trackers coupled to a power signal processor. Bars-M also uses sun sensors. Time synchronization and orbit determination is accomplished through the use of a GPS/Glonass receiver.
Bars-M uses a propulsion system designated SVIT, consisting of 12 attitude/fine control thrusters and a main engine to be used for orbit adjustments and maintenance. As a modern spacecraft, the satellite likely uses reaction wheels for attitude control. An upward facing telemetry antenna indicates that the satellite is planned to use Geostationary Communication Satellites for data and imagery downlink.
The payload module of the Bars-M satellite consists of a dual laser altimeter and an opto-electronic complex known as Karat, comprised of a wide-angle and high-resolution camera. The specifications and capabilities of the payload are largely unknown, but likely match or surpass those of the Kometa satellites. Bars-M covers a ground swath of 60 Kilometers with its high-resolution imaging system while the low-resolution instrument achieves a swath of 1,300 Kilometers.