text:
Jimmy Hoffa and Feds Scheme to Control Teamsters
John Ransom
Fred Gegare, who is challenging Teamsters president Jimmy Hoffa in elections this month to head up the transport union, says that Hoffa and the US government are colluding to control the union by the use of intimidation.
If true, the allegations could mean that 50 years of work trying to rid unions of mob influence has come to an end.
Hoffa and the Justice Department, says Gegare, have abused a decades-old consent decree, "which was once used to remove mobsters two decades ago, [but] is now being used to target [Hoffa's] critics" through a "rogue investigative unit set up by the decree."
The result, according to Gegare, is a dwindling treasury and deficit spending from the union that is leaving the Teamsters in the red. In part, the financial difficulties have stemmed from an unprecedented spending spree, putting the union in debt and threatening the negotiating power of the union.
"Instead of buying pretty dresses and designer shoes," says Gegare, "[Hoffa] put a stable of personal assistants and high-priced consultants on the Teamster payroll. Their jobs are to do little else than satisfy the every whim of James Phillip [Hoffa] and the rest of the Hoffa family."
According to a statement released by Gegare, the International Brotherhood of Teamsters spent $212 million last year, but brought in only $172 million to the IBT treasury.
"This is a disastrous trend for our union, but Hoffa continues to buy loyalty by paying exorbitant salaries to his pay rollers and huge fees to outside consultants," said the statement released on October 5th. These tactics are the type of clout-buying that is a staple in the Chicago Combine.
When you figure in Obama's mobster roots in the Chicago Combine with his administration's willingness to use government power in conjunction with unions to get what they want, then the question becomes, not if the mob is making a comeback in unions, but how much control do they already have?
Now you know where all those shovel ready dollars went. They went to connected contractors under the patronage of Obama's Secretary of Transportation, Republican Ray LaHood, a veteran of the Combine.
Critics have already charged that the Obama administration is willing to use the NLRB as the enforcement arm of unions, as well as other agencies. Last week we wrote about how the National Legal and Policy Center is investigating why the Labor Department is enlisting help from the IRS to shakedown homebuilders on behalf of unions.
And recent events have seen an increase in union violence reminiscent of the worst days of mob influence in the Teamsters.
A $70,000 reward is being offered in connection with a shooting in Toledo that the victim says was in retaliation for a long-running dispute that he's had with the local International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers.
John King, who owns an electrical contracting business, was shot at his home as he interrupted someone vandalizing his car. The vandal had etched the word "SCAB" across the passenger side of King's car.
"I think perhaps the labor unions feel threatened by us now that, through this economic downturn, we've been growing and getting busier and busier," King told the Toledo Blade.
Last month, longshoremen in Seattle "stormed the Port of Longview …overpowered and held security guards, damaged railroad cars," writes Andrew Breitbart's BigGovernment, "and dumped grain that is the center of a labor dispute, said Longview Police Chief Jim Duscha. Six guards were held hostage for a couple of hours after 500 or more Longshoremen broke down gates about 4:30 a.m. and smashed windows in the guard shack, he said."
The story of hostage taking by the 500 union workers has largely remained out of the national media.
One story that the media is covering is the announcement by AFL-CIO, the largest union in the country, that it will start to provide support for the Occupy Wall Street heard. The question remains whether the initial "organizers" of OWS will allow the union to swamp the "movement." If allowed to be taken over by unions, you could see protests that have been stinky, rude and unruly, become stinky, rude, unruly and violent.
Union Facts says that statistics by the Department of Labor show that racketeering fines for union misbehavior are on the increase.
During the Obama administration, fines, restitutions, forfeitures and civil monetary actions against union members for actions that "defrauded unions and other parties" in fiscal years 2009 and 2010 amounted to $150 million, even though indictments have dropped significantly to 139 indictments for 2010.
In 2008, the amount in fines leveled on union racketeering was $24 million on 195 indictments.
That could be because unions have more pickings from which they can plunder under Obama.
"Since FY 2001, racketeering investigations have yielded more than 2,000 indictments and awarded more than $3 billion in fines and restitution," writes Union Facts. "Many of these cases involve union officials failing to protect their members from unethical pension scams and internal union racketeering cases, but OIG's website currently notes 'a rapid rise of transnational organized crime groups that are engaging in new criminal enterprises … Specifically, OIG investigations have found that nontraditional organized criminal groups are exploiting the Department of Labor's foreign labor certification and Unemployment Insurance programs.'"
Now you know why Democrats are all about expanding unemployment insurance. We get graft with a little help from our friends.
Also according to Union Facts, a poll taken last October revealed "that 44% of public and government union members believe American unions are less honest and principled than they were 50 years ago."
Well that's just great.
Unions are less honest and principled than they were during the heyday of the union-mob alliance, when, according to Time Magazine, the Kefauver hearings found that "'The evidence demonstrates quite clearly that organized crime today is not limited to any single community of any single state, but occurs all over the country.' Big Crime's big men know each other, deal with each other, meet frequently, 'and on occasion do each other's dirty work when a competitor must be eliminated, an informer silenced, or a victim persuaded.'"
Quick: Name a sector of Amercian society outside of Chicago and unions that keeps statistics for indictments, prosecutions and convictions?
This is what Organizing for America looks like, Chicago style.
It's about to go transnational. Get used to it.
Labor and Racketeering Investigations
FY 2001 FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010
Cases opened 105 125 124 135 103 130 93 112 96 117
Cases closed 109 130 144 115 107 122 111 92 117 130
Cases referred for prosecution 57 74 66 87 88 105 80 74 81 105
Indictments 161 218 181 260 322 271 198 195 111 139
Convictions 92 154 120 143 196 241 183 214 146 112
Fines, restitutions, forfeitures, and civil monetary actions ($ in millions) $42.5 $105.9 $27.9 $36.5 $187.9 $69.2 $27.1 $24.2 $76.2 $72.9
Source: Department of Labor Office of Inspector General via Union Facts.com
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Many of our patients come to us via a referral from their dentist, but you can also make your own appointment with our team at Bishops Stortford Orthodontics to inquire about treatment.
In fact, we invite all our adult patients to have a free consultation with us before embarking on your orthodontic treatment journey. This enables you to find out which orthodontic treatment you can most benefit from, how long treatment will take, as well as how much it will cost.
The orthodontic needs of every patient are different, which is why we provide you with a bespoke treatment plan specific to your requirements.
After calling to make an appointment, we will send you a Welcome Practice pack. This is an introduction to Bishops Stortford Orthodontics, including information on the different treatment services we provide.
At your first appointment, you will be met by our friendly Treatment Coordinator. At this time, you will have the opportunity to discuss your expectations of treatment, find out what your best treatment options are, get a feel for the practice, and meet some of our team who will be looking after you.
Once your orthodontic appliance has been fitted we ask that you come in for regular checks so we can see how well your teeth are moving into position. This is when we'll tighten your braces or present you with a new set of aligners, depending on the type of treatment you are undergoing.
When your teeth have moved into their new position and your appliance has been removed, we'll fit you with a retainer. This helps to keep your teeth straight. Your retainer should be worn both day and night immediately after treatment and then just at night. We'll advise you on this at your appointment.
We understand orthodontics can be expensive which is why we have payment plans in place to help you finance your treatment. The cost of your treatment will depend on the type you receive, but could range in price from £3,000 - £4,200.
This cost is divided into an initial deposit, with the remaining balance to be paid by way of a monthly standing order over either 12 or 18 months. Payment can be made by cheque, cash, debit card or credit card. Examination costs are payable at the examination appointment.
Book your free consultation with the team at Bishops Stortford Orthodontics today and find out how you could benefit from private orthodontic treatment.


Ever watch one of those science fiction movies where the protagonists get trapped in time bubbles, in which the flow of time moves at different rates? Well sometimes observing at Nanten is just like that! We use several VNC's to control the telescope and instrument. These are virtual terminals – remote screens from the computers at the telescope that get mirrored onto our local computers. We type in these and the telescope then does what we tell it. Moreover, users from all over the world can participate together, and see what is happening. It makes it possible to run the telescope without having to be there or to stay awake for 24 hours at a time. This is how Mopra works too, and is the secret behind the success of the Galactic Plane survey we're undertaking with it.
The two screens you can see are for two different VNC sessions, running different systems on the telescope. Look at the times on the bottom right of each. One says 18:00:15, i.e. 15s after 6pm. The other says 5:59:08, i.e. 52s before 6pm. They are over a minute different. Yet at the telescope they will be reading identical times! We're in a time bubble! This can makes it very trying to control the telescope, as anything you type has to wait until the session has caught up with real time before its accepted by the terminal and enacted upon by the telescope. Even stranger is that a colleague might have the same VNC open on their terminal beside you, or in our case in Cologne in Germany, and they are reading a different time. And of course seeing a different display relevant to that time on their clock!! We can be chatting via Skype, but they are seeing a terminal further ahead in time than the one you are watching. Today we had time shifts of up to 2 minutes between Chile and Germany when trying to diagnose a problem. Can make for some interesting conversations! Their present is your future, as well as the telescope's past, all at the same time. Get that?!
Just to add further to the confusion, these times are actually UT (Universal Time). Chilean local time is shown on the top right hand corner of the screen: 17s after 3pm in this case. But in fact Chile is running on summer time, despite it being in the middle of winter. Most computers cannot actually cope with this as they synchronise their time from an external server, and most of these still think that Chile is on standard time. So people everywhere in Chile are going around with the wrong time on their clocks and smartphones unless they know how to manually set these to the correct time!
Time travel comes to Nanten! You don't have to be in Star Trek to experience it!
Looking forward to joining the time warp/bubble in a few days!
Next Post: PDRs turn 30!


To apply to the BS Nutritional Sciences Program you must complete the University of Wisconsin System Online Application.
This four-year, science-intensive program will help you better understand the relationships among food, nutrients, eating behavior, wellness and human health. In addition to sharpening the scientific and technical knowledge and skills essential to nutritional sciences, you'll develop critical thinking and professional communication skills through coursework in public speaking, statistics, business and professional writing, and courses which delve into relevant research literature. You'll graduate with a sound base in nutrition education, health promotion and disease prevention, which will have prepared you to join the work force or continue on to graduate school.
Our Nutritional Sciences Program combines a well-rounded curriculum in nutrition with many opportunities for experiential learning in the Milwaukee community.
You'll benefit from small class sizes and personal attention from our dedicated faculty.
You will gain hands-on experience developing and teaching food demos, nutrition classes, and nutrition programs to community, staff, and students on campus and in the community.
You will have a wide range of opportunities to gain valuable experience in the Milwaukee community (Feeding America, Silver Springs Neighborhood Center, YMCA, and others).
Cooperative endeavors with UWM's University Recreation, Athletics and academic programs enhance your experience.
On your application for admission to UW-Milwaukee, select "Nutritional Sciences" as your intended area of study. You will be classified as "Nutritional Sciences-Intended" upon admission to the University.
If you are transferring to UWM from another post-secondary institution, you are subject to the program requirements at the time of admission to UWM.
While the University Registrar will review academic transcripts and perform pre-approved department course-for-course transfers, the Department of Kinesiology reserves the right to modify transfer requests.
Course transfers may not be approved if grades achieved are below required levels or if courses were taken beyond a reasonable time period.
You may also appeal for course substitution consideration if the content of a course taken is significantly similar to a program requirement. You should submit syllabi for such appeals to your academic advisor, who will forward them to the faculty for consideration.
The following courses are required if you wish to receive your associate or bachelor's degree.
*You may take a 3 credit course in Humanities, Fine Arts, Natural Science, or Social Science that will satisfy the Ethnic Studies/Cultural Diversity and/or the Interdisciplinary Studies requirement.
Some courses required for the Nutritional Sciences major also satisfy General Education Requirements. Contact your UWM College of Health Sciences advisor for additional information.
*Will serve as a substitute for KIN 270 in the UWM Nutritional Sciences curriculum.
If you are interested in obtaining a degree in Nutritional Sciences from UW-Milwaukee, the following recommendations have been established to help you plan your UWC course work. Students are encouraged to consult a UWC advisor to plan curriculum that transfers to UWM fulfilling prerequisites, General Education Requirement credit, and other program requirements.
NOTE: Due to a lack of Nutritional Science coursework, students completing two full years at UW-Colleges would risk graduating in four years.
There are very few electives for this program. As a result, students are encouraged to transfer to UWM after two semesters at a UWC campus. It is possible to be concurrently enrolled at a UWC and at UWM. Concurrent enrollment would allow a student to take the required courses for the Nutritional Sciences major at UWM while finishing up other course work at a UWC. Please contact an advisor at the UWC Student Services Office to discuss your options.
While the following courses are not required for admission to the Nutritional Sciences major at UWM, they are required prior to graduation. A minimum grade of C is required in each course.
Students can complete the vast majority of general education requirements and foundations coursework for this major at MATC before transferring to UWM. It is possible to be concurrently enrolled at MATC and at UWM. Concurrent enrollment allows a student to take the required courses for the Nutritional Sciences major at UWM while finishing up other coursework at MATC. Please contact an advisor at the MATC Student Services Office to discuss your options.
If you are interested in obtaining a degree in Nutritional Sciences from UW-Milwaukee, the following recommendations have been established to help you plan your MATC course work. Students are encouraged to consult an MATC advisor to plan curriculum that transfers to UWM fulfilling prerequisites, General Education Requirement credit, and other program requirements.
NOTE: Due to lack of Nutritional Science coursework, students completing two full years at MATC would risk graduating in four years.
If you are currently a UWM student and wish to change your major to "Nutritional Sciences-Intended," you must meet with an academic advisor to do so. Your Nutritional Sciences advisor will guide you through the declaration process and application to the major.
All students are eligible to pursue general education requirements and foundations courses associated with the curriculum, so long as they meet the necessary prerequisites for each course.
If you are interested in this degree path, you should declare Nutritional Sciences as your intended major as early as possible. This ensures timely progress to full admission for the major and graduation. The application process begins during the semester prior to the final two years of the curriculum, while completing the final nutrition "core" courses and the majority of the general education requirements. Students are considered "Nutritional Sciences-Intended" until they submit an application and are officially admitted to the major.
Have a UWM cumulative grade point average (GPA) of 2.75 or higher.
Complete the majority of UWM's General Education Requirements (GERs) before the fall semester of the professional years.
Complete the "Foundations" courses, or their equivalent, by the end of the semester before your professional years, with no grade lower than a C.
Complete the "Core" nutrition courses by the end of the semester before the professional years with a 2.75 GPA and no grade lower than a C.
Have verification that the overall cumulative GPA of 2.75 is achieved without repeating more than 3 of the Foundations and Core courses more than once each.
The application for admission to the Nutritional Sciences program is available during the months of February and September. Partner with your academic advisor every semester to identify the best time for you to apply.
Due by October 1st in the preceding Fall semester.
Due by March 1st in the preceding Spring semester.
Applicants are notified of admission status via email from the program within 4 weeks of the application deadline.
When the criteria are met and application accepted, the student will be admitted to the Nutritional Sciences program.
The undergraduate program leads to a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in Nutritional Sciences. The program consists of pre-professional study (years 1, 2, and 3) and professional study (year 4), leading to the completion of a minimum of 123 credits.
Grade of "C" or better required in each course.
2.75 minimum GPA required in these classes.
Follow the link provided by the internship coordinator to access the UW-Milwaukee Nutritional Sciences Program page at CastleBranch.com.
Create an account, fill out all required fields and finish the process by paying the fee to process the background check.
Once the results are in they will be reviewed by the internship coordinator and shared with the internship site supervisor upon request.
Correlate courses are intended to help students explore subject matter that is complementary to their primary academic focus: nutritional sciences. Completion of no fewer than 18 credits from this list is required, with at least 6 of the 18 credits at the 300 level or above.
Notes: The courses listed below are not necessarily offered every semester. On a case-by-case basis, the program director reserves the right to review and approve courses not listed. It is the responsibility of the student to review and satisfy prerequisites for correlate courses prior to enrolling.
The undergraduate program leads to a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in Nutritional Sciences after successful completion of a minimum of 120 credits.
Other GERs are satisfied through specific degree requirements, but consult with your advisor to verify all GERs are met.
Maximum of four Foundations Courses may be repeated once. Consult the course catalog for information about the prerequisites required for each Foundations Course.
* Grade of "C" or better is required.
Maximum of three Core and Advanced Core courses may be repeated once. Consult the course catalog for information about the prerequisites required for each Core Nutrition Course.
Maximum of three Core and Advanced Core courses may be repeated once. Consult the course catalog for information about the prerequisites required for each Advanced Nutrition Course.
These graduation requirements are for students beginning the program prior to Fall 2017.
Earn a minimum cumulative GPA of 2.75 in advanced nutrition core courses.
These graduation requirements are for students beginning the program on or after September 5, 2017.
Earn a minimum cumulative GPA of 2.75 and no grade lower than C in required Core and Advanced Core Nutrition courses.
General nutrition education programming and implementation.
Health promotion and/or nutrition program planning.
Health inspection for a regulatory body or government agency.
Quality control for food processing plants.
Nutrition for women, infants, and children (WIC).
Research assistance for nutrition studies in hospitals or universities.
Food services menu planning, purchasing and budgeting.
Marketing and sales for food industries.
Food and nutrition writing (print or electronic media) for health newsletters and/or magazines, food production and promotional companies, and newspapers.
Food planning in camps, schools, private company cafeterias, community agencies, sports teams, and hotels.
Involvement in the Peace Corps.
According to the national occupational outlook handbook, employment opportunities are expected to increase about as fast as the average for all occupations. Job growth will result from an increasing emphasis on disease prevention through improved dietary habits. A growing and aging population will boost demand for nutrition-related programming and expertise in hospitals, residential care facilities, schools, prisons, community health programs, and home healthcare agencies. Public interest in food and nutrition, and increased emphasis on health education, also will spur demand for professionals in this field.
Please know that a degree in the Nutritional Sciences does not qualify students for the credential of a "Registered Dietitian".


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Winston-Salem chronicle. /
Page B6, Image 16
Winston-Salem chronicle. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 1974-current, October 29, 2015, Page B6, Image 16
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Community Briefs Huffington Post columnist premieres local radio program Syndicated columnist and author Byron Williams will bring his political and social commentary to Winston Salem State University's WSNC 90.5 FM radio weekly every Tuesday at 7 p.m. in a new hour ? ?11?I 44TV.LI'_ If !!*-.?> long program caneu ruuni. iviuiamy. Williams, who recently moved to Winston-Salem from San Francisco, writes for the Huffington Post, is the author of "1963: The Year of Hope and Hostility," and is a contributing colum nist to a local newspaper. "We will talk about issues that mat ter on this show,'* said Williams. "One of the first topick will be North Carolina's history of eugenics and how the state is making amends for the men and women steril ized against their will in the mid-20th century." Williams Triad McDonald's launches All Day Breakfast Menu All 91 locally owned and operated Triad McDonald's restaurant locations will begin inviting customers to expe rience McDonald's breakfast all day. All Day Breakfast is the number one request from customers. In fact, more than 120,000 people tweeted McDonald's asking for breakfast throughout the day in the past year alone. "We are proud to answer an ongoing request from our fans," said Triad McDonald's Owner/Operator, Johnny Tart. "We appreciate and value customer feedback, and we're looking forward to offering them the ability to enjoy items like our famous scratch made biscuits no matter the time of day." While breakfast would normally end at 10:30 a.m., the following menu items can be enjoyed along with McDonald's World Famous Fries and other iconic favorites, such as the Big Mac and Filet-O-Fish despite the time of day: Bacon, Egg & Cheese Biscuit; Sausage Biscuit with Egg; Sausage Biscuit; Hotcakes with Sausage; Hotcakes; Sausage Burrito; Fruit 'N Yogurt Parfait; Fruit & Maple Oatmeal; and Hash Browns (available breakfast items vary by location). Cookie for a Cure Campaign benefits Susan G. Komen Northwest NC Susan G. Komen Northwest NC announced that Subway restaurants across the Triad area would participate in the Cookie for a Cure program. All October long, local Subway restaurants will serve a special raspberry cheese cake cookie and donate a percentage of those cookie sales, up to $6,000, to Komen Northwest NC. During the month-long program, local breast cancer survivors are being featured on a calendar - on display in participating Subway restaurants - sharing their personal stories of courage and hope. "Our Faces of Breast Cancer survivors are thrilled for the opportunity to help promote Cookie for a Cure. Many from this group of survivors serve as our Ambassadors for an entire year. They are inspirational, committed and pas sionate fighters," said Diana Parrish, executive director of Komen Northwest NC, which serves 11 counties and will be expanding to include an even greater area in 2016. It has invested more than $5.7 million in local breast health and breast cancer awareness projects. Seventy-five percent of funds raised by Komen Northwest NC stay in the local community and the other 25 percent supports breast cancer research. For more information on Susan G. Komen Northwest NC visit http://komennorthwestnc.org/ WSSU Wellness Center received $900,000 grant Winston-Salem State University's Wellness Center has been awarded a three-year $900,000 federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA) grant to fund programs that use research proven interventions to reduce substance abuse, occur rences of AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the Winston-Salem community. The WSSU Wellness Center will reach the community through an effort called Programs Addressing Substance Abuse, STIs, and AIDS through Guidance and Education while providing Solutions (PASSAGES). The specific goals of the grant are to reduce the inci dence of substance abuse, the transmission of HIV, Viral Hepatitis (VH) and related disparities among at-risk minor ity/ethnic youth and young adults by integrating mental health services, primary care and complementary health therapies. PASSAGES seek to identify participants through testing and assessment; directing them to a contin uum of community care services; intervention services; and reduction of high-risk activities in the target population. WSSU along with its community partners will deliver researched-based nationally approved interventions target ing minority /ethnic youth and young adults (ages 18-24). The program employs education, assessment, testing, inter ventions and prevention strategies focusing on recovery from substance abuse, behavioral health counseling, HIV and VH. Hypertension control consortium receives award The Consortium for Southeastern Hypertension Control, headquartered at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, is one of 39 health care collaborative networks selected to participate in the Transforming Clinical Practice Initiative, announced by Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia M. Burwell. The Consortium for Southeastern Hypertension Control will receive up to $15.8 million to provide technical assis tance support to help equip clinicians in the Southeastern network region with tools, information, and network sup port needed to improve quality of care, increase patients' access to information, and spend health care dollars more u/iejilv " IJVIJ . For more information on the Transforming Clinical Practice Initiative, please visit: http://innovation.cms.gov/initiatives/Transforming Clinical-Practices/ Bank of North Carolina adds Southcoast Bank BNC Bancorp ("BNC," NASDAQ: BNCN), the hold ing company for Bank of North Carolina, has acquired all of the common stock of Southcoast in a stock transaction valued at approximately $95.5 million, based on the closing price of BNC common stock. Southcoast Bank, headquar tered in Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina, operates 10 branches in Mt. Pleasant, Charleston, Moncks Corner, Johns Island, Summerville, Goose Creek and North Charleston, South Carolina. Rick Callicutt, President and Chief Executive Officer of BNC, said, "We are pleased to announce the combina tion of BNC and Southcoast. This partnership will allow us to expand our presence in one of the fastest growing and most dynamic regions in the Southeast, the Charleston and Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina markets." Scholarship night The Winston-Salem/Forsyth County schools will hold a scholar ship night, a workshop on scholar ships and paying for college today (Oct. 29) at 6 p.m. in the auditorium of the Education Building, located at 4801 Bethania Station Road. High school juniors and seniors and their parents are invited to attend this dis trict-wide event. The featured speak er will be Tom Benza, the associate' director of merit scholarships and financial aid at Wake Forest University. For more' information, contact Marjy Lambeth, mlam beth @ wsfcs Jc 12 .nc .us. Trick or Treat Gym Jam Carl H. Russell, Sr. Community Center and William C. Sims, Sr. Recreation Center is having its Trick or Treat Gym Jam today (Oct. 29) from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. at the Carl H. Russell, Sr. Community Center, located at 3521 Carver School Road. The activities will be cakewalk, games, food and entertainment. Winston-Salem Recreation and Parks, Swing Phi Swing Social Fellowship, Inc sponsored this event, and Renee Vaughn of 97.1 WQMG. For more information, please contact Ben Piggott at 336-727-2580 or Kenell Caesar at 336-727-2837. Backyard chicken meeting The Forsyth County Cooperative Extension is hosting a Backyard Chicken meeting on today (Oct. 29) at 6:30 p.m. at the County Agricultural Building at 1450 Fairchild Road. Topics covered include Biosecurity, keeping your flock safe. Avian influenza, and small flock preparedness. The pre senter will be Dan Campeau, North Central District Area Specialized Poultry Agent. There will be light refreshments. For more information, call 336-703-2850. Clothing drive The Big 4 Alumni Association will have their clothing drive on Friday, Oct. 30, from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. at the Urban League, located at 201 W. Fifth St. This project was selected as the association's response to the critical need of proper clothing for people who have been out of work and lack the financial resources to purchase appropriate clothing for job interviews. For further informa tion, call 336-725-5614 or visit big4fc.org. Autumn Leaf IVain excursion The annual Autumn Leaf Train Excursions by the North Carolina Transportation Museum will run on Saturday, Oct. 31 and Sunday, Nov. 1. The trips will be from Spencer, to Asheville, and Spencer to Charlottesville, Virginia, to return the same day. For more information, go to http://www.nctrans.org. Human Beans festival Carly Williams of imagiNATION21 Communications and neighbors in the Easton commu nity are hosting a Human Beans Cultural Arts Festival on Saturday, Oct. 31 from 2 to 5 p.m. at Easton Park, 3599 Tyler Drive. There will be food, live music, voter registration and activities for children. There will also be door prizes of gifts and cash in exchange for food donations to the First Baptist Church food pantry. For more information, email cwilliams.ic21 @gmail.com. Cooperative Extension work shop There will be a workshop on dealing with uphill neighbor's runoff on Friday, Oct. 31 from 3 to 5 p.m. Experts from NC Cooperative Extension will discuss small-scale solutions to water issues like divert ing water from driveways or away from the foundation, common gutter issues, rain gardens, slope stabiliza tions and more. Then participants will walk the property and install matting and plants to fix an erosion problem on-site. Be prepared for uneven terrain and walking on a slope. For more information and tc register, contact the Forsyth Count) Cooperative Extension office at 336 703-2850. Halloween concert The Winston-Salem Symphony i< presenting its first "Discover) Concerts for Kids" performance ol the 2015-2016 season on Saturday Oct. 31 at 3 pjn., at the Reynold: Auditorium at 301 N. Hawthorne Road. Tickets are $7 for childrer ages 3-12 and $18 for adults. Kid: aged two and under are free. Foi more information and to purchase tickets call the Symphony Bo> Offree at 336-464-0145, or go te WSsyphony.org. Yadkin Heritage Book deadlint The final deadline to submit arti cles and photographs for the thin K volume of "The Heritage of Yadkin County, North Carolina" is on Saturday, Oct. 31, as well as the deadline for pre-publication orders of the book itself. All submissions and book orders can be made at the Tulbert House, located at 216 N. Van Buren St. in Yadkinville, on Thursdays, from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. For more information, call 336-679 2702 or email yadkincountyhistori calsociety@yahoo.com Carmina Bur ana concert The University of North Carolina School of the Arts (UNCSA) Symphony Orchestra and Cantata Singers, the Winston-Salem Symphony Chorale and the Winston Salem Youth Chorus for will perform Carl Orff's "Carmina Burana" on Friday, Oct. 31 at 7:30 p.m., and Saturday, Nov. 1 and 3 p.m., at The Stevens Center located at 405 W. Fourth Street. Based on a set of medieval poems, Carmina Burana begins and ends with O Fortuna, widely used in trailers for feature films. Lees said there are other rec ognizable tunes in the collection. Tickets are $22 and $18 student with valid ID. For more.information and to purchase tickets, go to www.UNCSAevents.com, or by call ing the box office at 336-721-1945. "Remembering John Biggers" Winston-Salem Delta Fine Arts, presents, " Remembering John Biggers " an exhibition of prints and drawings by Dr. John T. Biggers, an African-American muralist, painter and educator, Nov. 3 through Jan. 30 at the Delta Arts Center, located at 2611 New Walkertown Road. The exhibit will feature works from Winston-Salem Delta Fine Arts' per manent collection and the works from private and public collections across the state. There will be an opening reception on Thursday, Nov. 5, from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. For more information, call 336-722-2625 or visit www.DeltaArtsCenter.org. Senior Democrats meeting The Forsyth County Senior Democrats will meet on Thursday, Nov. 5 at 9 a.m. at the Golden Corral, located at 4965 University Parkway. NC Attorney General, a candidate for Governor of NC, will address the Forsyth County Senior Democrats. His topic will be "Getting out the vote". Members and guests wanting the breakfast buffet and/or beverages will be able to enter the restaurant beginning at 8:30 am. For more information, contact Jim Shaw at 336-767-0860, 336-287-5053 or email JamesWShawSrl@gmail.com Voter rights forum There will be a voter rights forum on Saturday, Nov. 7, from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. at the Westover Recreation Center, located at 267 Bonanza Drive in Fayetteville. The forum is free and open to the public. Publishers will engage in messaging and outreach in order to ensure that all who wish to get involved with the task of protect ing and expanding voting rights will know how to get involved. For more information, go to greaterdiversity.com/voter-rights forum-to-take-place-in-fayetteville protecting-and-expanding-voter rights/. College admissioas The Johnson C. Smith University Winston Salem Area Alumni will hold a college admissions session on Saturday Nov. 7 at 10:15 a.m. at Southside Library, located at 3185 Buchanan St. The topics of discus sion will include JCSU admissions process, scholarship award criteria university overview and more. The guest speaker will be Mr. James Burrell Director of Admissions al Johnson C. Smith University. The session is open to all interested stu dents, parents, friends and others wishing to learn more about JCSU For more information, go tc i www.facebook.com/JCSUWinstonS i alemAlumni. i Veterans' Day parade ? There will be a Veterans' Da) ' parade on Saturday, Nov. 7 at 10 a.m in Winston-Salem. The parade wil start at Fourth and Broad streets, tc Liberty St. and then to Business 40 Any veterans, businesses or non i political organizations are to contac t Walter Emery, parade coordinator a F 336-766-8087 or emai , onebentskid@gmail.com. > Veterans' claims clinic i The U.S. Department of Veteran: i Affairs (VA), Winston-Salen r Regional Office, and Goodwil ; Industries are hosting a walk-in clin i ic, resource center, and Town hall fo ) Veterans, family members and the public to provide assistance with V/ claims. Loan Guaranty, Vocations e Rehabilitation and Education bene Fits. This all will take place oi 1 Saturday, Nov. 7, from 9 a.m. to t pjn., at Goodwill Industries on 2701 University Parkway. This includes a town hall meeting with the regional office director, veterans' choice program training and appeals training. Unlimited parking is avail able at the LJVM Coliseum, and public transportation is also avail able. Be sure to bring copies or med ical documents to submit for claim support. Food and drinks will be available or purchase. For more information, contact Kori Mabe at 336-251-6493. Play workshop Award-winning script writer, filmmaker, creative writing and spo ken word educator Nathan Ross Freeman will conduct a Ten-Minute Play workshop: Structure, Approach and Adaptation, on Saturday, Nov. 7, from 10 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. at Authoring Action, 624 W. Sixth St., Winston-Salem, where Freeman serves as artistic director. The work shop, sponsored by Winston-Salem Writers, will kick off the Ten-Minute Play competition which opens Nov. 15. The contest closes in January and the winning plays will be performed in a staged reading in April. The workshop is free and open to the public. To register or for more infor mation, contact Susan Williamson at swilliamson@ wswriters .org or visit www.wswriters.org. Book festival The High Point Public Library will host a book festival for local authors on Saturday, Nov. 7 from noon to 4 p.m. at 901 N. Main St. in High Point. Traditionally published and self-published authors from High Point will be invited to showcase their work at the festival. The library will also accept published authors from other parts of Guilford County as space allows. Authors will have space to sell and showcase their work. Also Jim and Joyce Lavene, bestselling mystery authors, will host . a workshop entitled "Tall Tales: Myths and Lies About Self Publishing vs. Traditional Publishing" from 12:30 p.m. to 2 p.m. For more information or authors interested in participating, contact Nancy Metzner at 336-883-3650 or email nancy.metzner@highpointnc .gov. Annual Scout Day Old Salem Museum and Gardens will host Boys and Girls Scouts from North Carolina for its annual Scout Day on Saturday, Nov. 7 at 600 S. Main St. Each year scouts explore Old Salem and learn about its rich history. Activities will include play ing a Native American game, color ing a German Fraktur, Germanic style cooking and more. Discounted Scout ticket prices of $9 per child and $14 per adult are available with advance reservations and prepay ment through Oct. 30. For further information, go to w ww.oldsalem .org. 'Evening of Whimsv' Book marks is hosting "An Evening of Whimsy", to celebrate to 150th anniversary of the publication of "Alice in Wonderland", by Lewis Carroll on Friday, Nov. 6 at 7 p.m. at the Millennium Center at 101 W. Fifth St. As part of the event, Bookmarks will feature England based international bestselling author, Gregory Maguire, on one of his few stops during the 11 days he is in the United States. Maguire is the author of Wicked (the basis for the Tony Award-winning Broadway musical of the same name) and his ! newly released book, After Alice, a ! retelling of Carroll's classic. Book sales will be on site by Bookmarks. . Tickets are $55 per person and $100 for two people. For more information > and to purchase the tickets, go to http://www.brownpapertickets .com/e vent/1628535 or call 1-800-838 3006. 'The Boxcar Children' 1 Twin City Stage presents, "The > Boxcar Children," opening on Friday, Nov. 6 at 7 p.m. at the HanesBrands Theatre, located at 209 t N. Spruce St. Additional performanc j es will be on Saturday, Nov. 7 at 7 p.m. and Sunday, Nov. 8 at 2 p.m. Based on the book classic series by Gertrude Chandler Warner, orphaned * and in danger of being sent to difTer 1 ent foster homes, the four Alden sib lings run away and make their home r in an abandoned railroad boxcar. e Pursued by the authorities and a mys ^ terious stranger, the children discov er the rewards and perils of life on n the run, as well as the joy of keeping 2 their family together. Tickets are $ 15.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Carly as a boys' name (also used more regularly as girls' name Carly) is an Old English name, and the name Carly means "little champion; fort at Luguvalium". Carly is an alternate spelling of Carlin (Irish, Gaelic): comedian George Carlin. Carly is also a form of Carlyle (Old English): place name and surname.
Carly is alike in pronunciation to Carlo, Carlow, Carlowe, Corley, Curley, Karli and Karlo. Other suggested similar-sounding names are Bayly, Birly, Cadby, Cael, Caile, Cailey, Caily, Cal, Cale▼, Caley, Callys, Callyx, Camry, Canby, Carel, Carew, Carey▼, Carl▼, Carlos, Carne, Carney, Carny, Caroll, Caron, Carr, Carrey, Carwyn, Cary▼, Caryl, Caryll, Casey▼, Cayle, Charley▼, Charls, Charly, Clarey, Clarry, Coakly (see Coakley), Corby, Corey▼, Corry, Corty, Cranly (see Cranley), Croy, Cully, Curry, Daily, Daly, Early▼, Erly, Farly, Farnly (see Farnley), Hadly, Hagly, Hanly, Harly, Hawly, Hurly, Karoly, Manly, Marly, Morly, Oakly, Pauly, Radly, Wadly, Wally and Yardly. These names tend to be more frequently used than Carly.


Happy #MoonBearMonday from the highest point of our Vietnam sanctuary!
Since her rescue in 2010, Xin Xin has taken her rehabilitation one step at a time. She's seen off her demons, fought her way back to fitness and climbed her own ladder of success.
Rescued as a cub from Dien Bien Province in northwest Vietnam, Xin Xin has had ample time to survey her kingdom. A climb like this would have been unthinkable for Xin Xin back when she was a three-month-old skinny newcomer to Animals Asia's Vietnam Bear Rescue Center - rescued on the way to a bear bile farm, where she would have faced daily painful extractions. Then she weighed all of 4 kilograms (approx. 9 pounds).
Thankfully now she'll never know a single day of cruelty.
She and fellow rescued cub Thomas had the run of their enclosure in those early days. They were always bigger than the other cubs their age, and were natural playmates. They jostled for the best swing, raced up ladders to get the best view. Xin Xin always won.
But their playtime masked the fact that these orphans had suffered hugely as a result of losing their mother and being trafficked at such a young age.
"Every cub is a struggle. From the outside they look like these incredibly cute little bundles of fun, but they've suffered a severe trauma. We can never replace their lost parent - but so much time goes into ensuring they have the best care possible.
Watching Xin Xin now is incredibly rewarding. She's the kind of bear that will seem quiet and oblivious to the other bears in one moment, then get an idea out of nowhere to climb the highest play structure in the enclosure the next moment. And once she gets up there, she'll just smile that goofy, sweet smile of hers. You can't help but cheer her on."
And on this sunny #MoonBearMonday, Xin Xin has once again made it to the top of the pile. What a comeback!


Film Courage: The question is, what stands in most people's way of achieving their dreams? It sounds simplistic…we can achieve our dreams and there are a million books the subject. What do you think is actually the block for most people?
Dr. Ken Atchity, Author, Publisher, Producer: I've written a book called How to Quit Your Day Job and Live Out Your Dreams based on my own experience and that of others.
And I thought "That is America. That's the essence of America," you are in whatever line you want to be in this country. And he fearlessly walked up and stood in the line and got his law degree at the age of 86 or whatever he was. And to me, what stands in people's way is fear and their friends inflict it on them.
One of the chapters in my book has to do with distinguishing between friends and friendly associates because when I left the academic world I had a few friends and I had lots of friendly associates. I learned the difference when I decided to leave because I retained a few friends. But most everybody I did not retain as friends because they thought I was absolutely crazy. They either thought that in kind of a benign way or they were just extremely angry that I was leaving a tenured position.
They thought that was completely ungrateful and crazy. I can also say that they were fearful about it and I knew them well enough to know that they were envious. They wished they could do it but they wouldn't do it because they were set in their ways. That's one of the reasons I didn't like tenure because once you had tenure you didn't have to publish anymore, you didn't have to do anything anymore. And of course if you were truly motivated…(Watch the video interview on Youtube here).


text:
A beautiful coast town
CALELLA DE PALAFRUGELL FISHERMEN'S TOWN
Coast town of the Costa Brava, inside Girona's region. It has the delight of the nature in its calas, rocks, streets, its houses with great windows and archs, and its saltwater air typical of a fishermen's town.
Relax and enjoy the great number of activities to do: the night, the beach, the havaneres, festivities, sports, fish and many things to do...
Empordà's region, in the county of Girona is a interminable world. The "calas" and villages of the coast: Calella, Llafranc, Tamariu, Aiguablava, Palamós, Platja d'Aro, Sant Feliu. Historic ruins (Empúries, Dolmens, Churches...). Delightful villages inside as Begur, Pals, Monells, Peratallada.
The Botanic Garden of Cap Roig and the lighthouse in Sant Sebastia. The region of Josep Pla and Salvador Dalí (Palafrugell, Púbol, Port Lligat-Cadaqués and Figueras) The art of ceramic in La Bisbal. Its mountains, the Gavarres, where you can enjoy sport, sightseeing and go on excursions. All these and more with a fast access!!
THE HAVANERES
The first Saturday of July is a magic night in Calella, with the Cantada de Habaneras: the streets & coasts of this fishermen's village gets full of people and boats to go to the cala del Port Bo.
Tavern's song, it is a link between Spain and Cuba, remembering stories of the people who went to make fortune to that land during the XIXth century.
At the end of the s.XIXth already existed a group of singers. The origin of the "cantada" goes back to 1966, in a village's tavern and with the publication of the book "Calella de Palafrugell y las Habaneras", making it official the following year.
The most famous habaneras are "El meu avi" and "La bella Lola", they are always sung while drinking the "cremat", tipical drink of rhum, coffee, sugar cane, lemon and cinnamon.
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Anyone else having problems uploading pictures from a file ?
Can you give me some more info? Like what kind of problem? At what part of the process?
When I try to upload a picture from a file it starts the process to upload and does not complete the task, or it completes the task and indicates uploaded but the picture does not appear. I had both my server confirm that my connection is good and the Geek squad went through my PC.
I have no issue uploading pictures on other sites.
I see you uploaded a picture an hour ago...nothing was changed on this end, did you figure something out on your end?
No, that took over an hour to download. I still can't upload pictures and I'm not doing anything different from what I normally do ! Something is not right with the site cause i can upload pictures to other websites without any problems what so ever.
I'm still trying to upload that squid picture to the right thread where it belongs but it's not working.


text:
Title page of the first published edition (1657)
Women Beware Women is a Jacobean tragedy written by Thomas Middleton, and first published in 1657.
The date of authorship of the play is deeply uncertain. Scholars have estimated its origin anywhere from 1612 to 1627;[1] 1623–24 has been plausibly suggested.[2] The play was entered into the Stationers' Register on 9 September 1653 by the bookseller Humphrey Moseley, along with two other Middleton plays, More Dissemblers Besides Women and No Wit, No Help Like a Woman's. In 1657 Moseley published Women Beware Women together with More Dissemblers in an octavo volume titled Two New Plays. Both the Register entry and the first edition's title page assign Women Beware Women to Middleton — an attribution which has never been seriously questioned and which is accepted by the scholarly consensus.[3] No performances of the play in its own era are known. The octavo text of the play is prefaced by a commendatory poem by Nathaniel Richards, author of The Tragedy of Messalina (published 1640).
Thomas Dekker's play Match Me in London (written c. 1612, but printed in 1631) has a plot that is strongly similar to Women Beware, though with a happy ending rather than a tragic conclusion.[4]
Women Beware Women tells the story of Bianca, a woman who escapes from her rich home to elope with the poor Leantio. Fearful and insecure, Leantio requires that his mother lock Bianca up while he is away. While locked up, the Duke of Florence spots Bianca in a window and attempts to woo her with the help of Livia, a widow. He ultimately rapes Bianca.[5] Bianca becomes deeply cynical, falls out of love with Leantio because of his poverty, and becomes the mistress of the Duke.[6] Hippolito (Livia's brother) is tormented because he is in love with his niece Isabella, who is due to marry the Ward (a foolish and immature heir). Livia tells the younger woman that she is illegitimate (and therefore not related by blood to Hippolito), and Isabella and Hippolito then start an affair.
Busy putting together illegitimate relationships, Livia discovers that she is also able to love again and as a result, she becomes Leantio's mistress. However, as affairs and relationships are exposed, one of the bloodiest Jacobean tragedies is created.
Hippolito learns of his sister's affair with Leantio, and kills Leantio. The grieving Livia reveals to Isabella that she had lied earlier: Isabella is related by blood to Hippolito. A masque is held to celebrate the Duke's impending marriage to the widowed Bianca, but it descends into bloodshed. Hippolito is killed by poisoned arrows (shot by cupids in the masque) and dies after throwing himself on his sword; and Isabella and Livia murder each other. Bianca tries to murder the Duke's brother, but accidentally poisons the Duke himself. After realising her mistake, she finishes the poisoned drink and dies.
Bianca – Leantio's wife
Leantio – Bianca's husband
Mother – widow, Leantio's mother
Duke of Florence – Bianca's lover
Lord Cardinal – brother to the Duke of Florence
Fabritio – Isabella's father, who is eager to marry off his daughter.
Isabella – daughter to Fabritio, lover to her uncle Hippolito.
Livia – widow, sister to Fabritio and Hippolito, aunt to Isabella.
Hippolito – brother to Fabritio and Livia, lover to his niece Isabella.
The Ward – rich young heir, prospect for Isabella.
Guardiano – uncle to the Ward
Sordido – the Wards Man
Middleton based the plot of his play on actual events. Bianca Cappello was first the mistress and then the second wife and Duchess of Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. The story of Bianca's elopement with her first husband, her affair with the Duke, her first husband's death and her marriage to the Duke, is adapted by Middleton for his play. The subplot of Hippolyto and Isabella in Middleton's play is strongly similar to the plot of a French novel that was published in 1597 but not translated into English until 1627, the year of Middleton's death. Scholars are divided as to whether Middleton was familiar with the novel in manuscript form prior to its 1627 printing, or whether the translator of the book was influenced by Middleton's play.[7]
The device of the chess game exploited by Middleton in Women Beware has an obvious commonality with his own A Game at Chess — but the same chess-game device also appears in John Fletcher's play The Spanish Curate, which was acted in 1622. Here again, scholars are divided as to which play preceded and influenced which. It is also possible that both writers independently derived the chess device from the same source.[8] T. S. Eliot, a student of Jacobean drama, refers to the Women Beware Women chess game in The Waste Land, Part II, line 137.[9]
Little is known of the play's performances and reception in Middleton's time; Nathaniel Richards, who wrote a preface to the 1653 edition, stated that he had seen it, but no other records of performance survive. According to the Database of Early English Playbooks, the King's Men was the first company to put on the production.
For modern critics, Women Beware Women has regularly been paired with The Changeling as constituting Middleton's two noteworthy late achievements in the genre of tragedy — though Women Beware Women has usually been judged the lesser of the two works. The bloody masque that concludes the play has been called a "ridiculous holocaust."[10] With growing critical attention over the years, however, the estimation of Women Beware Women has intensified; the play is now judged to be among Middleton's greatest works.[11] "Women Beware Women displays Middleton's maturest understanding of the relation of power to desire, and of political culture to civil society."[12]
The play was never revived in the eighteenth or nineteenth centuries, but productions became relatively common after the 1950s. The most recent major production was at the Olivier stage of the Royal National Theatre, London; it was directed by Marianne Elliott and starred Harriet Walter as Livia and Vanessa Kirby as Isabella. This production was met with very favorable reviews.[13]
A modern adaptation by Howard Barker at the Royal Court Theatre in 1986, in which the first two-thirds of Middleton's play were preserved but the ending was entirely revamped; among other changes, Sordido rapes Bianca before her wedding. Barker stated that he was rejecting Middleton's Jacobean Puritanism, writing in his programme note that "Middleton says lust leads to the grave. I say desire alters perception ... Middleton knew the body was the source of politics. He did not know it was also the source of hope."[14]
A radio adaptation was broadcast on 30 March 2003 on BBC Radio 3 starring Beth Chalmers as Bianca, John McAndrew as Leantio, Bill Wallis as Guardiano and Sara McGayghe as Isabella.
A musical adaptation was workshopped with student on the University of Chichester Musical Theatre Triple Threat course in May 2017 as a part of the university's annual Microfest Project, with Direction-Adaptation by Emma Kilbey, Musical Direction/Arrangements by Matt Mellor, and Choreography by Wendy White.


text:
Jewish News wins legal case that 'threatened to silence allegations of historical anti-Semitism' in Poland
Judges 'minded to quash' police warrants used to search homes of Belfast investigative journalists
Council of Europe calls on Malta to open public inquiry into murder of Daphne Caruana Galizia
By James Walker Twitter
A leading European human rights organisation has pushed for the Maltese government to open an independent public inquiry into the murder of journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia within the next three months.
The report was approved by the Council of Europe's parliamentary assembly today. The council is independent from the European Union and has 47 member states with decisions made through its parliamentary assembly.
The report was written by Dutch politician Pieter Omtzigt, who has been appointed as a special rapporteur on Caurana Galizia's death. He also raised "serious concerns" about an ongoing police probe into her murder.
Caruana Galizia, 53, was investigating money laundering and corruption in Malta when she was killed by a car bomb near her home in October 2017.
Three men charged with her murder have still not faced trial and could be released in two months.
The council's report listed several "serious concerns" about the investigation into her murder and said "weaknesses of the rule of law in general and the criminal justice system in particular" were directly relevant to worries about the response of authorities to her assassination.
Its list of concerns included fears about several authority figures having to be recused from the case over conflicts of interest, the possibility that Maltese intelligence services had prior knowledge of the bomb plot and "inflammatory and misleading statements" made by people close to Maltese Prime Minister Joseph Muscat.
The report said the call to establish a public inquiry into Caruana Galizia's death "at the earliest opportunity, within three months" was made under article two (right to life) of the European Convention on Human Rights.
The report also raised several concerns about the rule of law in Malta, referring to a lack of protection for whistleblowers who report to the media, Prime Minister Muscat's power to appoint civil servants and judicial independence in the country, among other issues.
The assembly said that the rule of law in Malta was "seriously undermined by the extreme weakness of its system of checks and balances".
The report added: "Despite certain recent steps, Malta still needs fundamental, holistic reform, including subjecting the office of Prime Minister to effective checks and balances, ensuring judicial independence and strengthening law enforcement and other rule of law bodies."
Press Gazette has contacted the Maltese Government for a response to the report.
The killing of Caruana Galizia has led to major concerns about press freedom in Malta, with the latest Reporters without Border's (RSF) World Press Freedom Index ranking it 77th out of 180 countries.
The ranking was a fall of 12 places from the previous year's index, which RSF said was partly due to Prime Minister Muscat having an ongoing libel case against the report and government refusals to hold an independent inquiry into the reporter's assassination.
Speaking to Press Gazette at the launch of this year's World Press Freedom Index, Maltese journalist Caroline Muscat said "a lot more can be done" by the UK and other EU countries in response to the killing of Caruana Galizia.
Picture: Reuters/Darrin Zammit Lupi


The Bride's Cafe, a wedding blog, posted a how-to a few weeks ago for making Crepe Paper Flowers. These are so delicate - they remind me of actual oriental poppies. Take a look at the instructions to incorporate more paper into your life.


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Bill Burr's F is for Family: Teaser, premiere date for new Netflix series
By Dylan Kickham
November 06, 2015 at 10:03 PM EST
Get ready for a new show to binge. Comedian Bill Burr announced that his new animated comedy F is for Family will premiere on Netflix on Friday, Dec. 18 with six epsiodes. Burr made the announcement on his Monday Morning Podcast, and then later tweeted out a teaser video for the show that confirms the premiere date.
WANT MORE EW? Subscribe now to keep up with the latest in movies, television, and music.
F is for Family will be based on Burr's explosive stand-up, focusing in particular on his views on the absurdity of political correctness. The animated comedy is set in the 1970s, following the lives of the Murphy family. Burr voices the father Frank, Laura Dern will voice his wife Sue, and Justin Long and Haley Reinhart will voice their children Kevin and Bill. The show is co-created by Michael Price, the Emmy and Writer's Guild winning writer for The Simpsons.
This isn't Burr's first time working with Netflix — the comedian's special You People Are All The Same was released as an exclusive for the streaming service. The cynical adult animated comedy is already drawing some comparisons to another Netflix original series: BoJack Horseman. Seeing as BoJack has proven itself as such a success for the streaming service, the decision to try to replicate it with Burr's show may have well been a major reason Netflix developed it. It's all just speculation at this point, though — we'll have to wait until Dec. 18 to watch the new series.
By Dylan Kickham @ThatsSoDylan


> disk. Then I remove and reinsert said disk, and it still lists as "removed"
> (after a rescan), no matter where I insert it. Is the disk dead?
So, the drive appears to be "dead".
Dell drive (fresh out of the wrapper) into slot 4.
I will try power cycling after the day ends, but this is just weird.


WASHINGTON – Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) announced the winners of the 2017 Moreell Medal, Marvin Shields Award, Steelworker Second Class Robert D. Stethem Award, and Rear Adm. Lewis B. Combs Award, recognizing outstanding performance in the Naval Construction Force (NCF), Jan. 18.
Rear Adm. Bret J. Muilenburg, commander, NAVFAC, and chief of civil engineers, was honored to recognize the recipients of the calendar year 2017 Steelworker Second Class Robert D. Stethem Award and Rear Adm. Lewis B. Combs award on behalf of the Civil Engineer Corps (CEC)-Seabee Historical Foundation.
"These awards are given annually by the foundation to individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the Navy and the nation while perpetuating the legacies of Petty Officer Stethem and Rear Admiral Combs," stated Muilenburg.
The Steelworker Second Class Robert D. Stethem Award, recognizing outstanding individual moral courage in support of Seabee traditions while conducting actual operations, was awarded to Construction Mechanic 1st Class Brandon L. Burrow, of Underwater Construction Team 1.
The winner of the 2017 Rear Adm. Lewis B. Combs Award was Lt. Cmdr. Jason K. Ward, of Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 1. The award, named for the assistant to the chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks under Adm. Ben Moreell during World War II, is presented to the individual who has made the most outstanding contribution in perpetuating the legacy of Seabee, CEC, and NAVFAC accomplishments and traditions.
The winner of the 2017 Marvin Shields Award was Builder 1st Class Frank A. Guerrero, of Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 3. The award is named in honor of Medal of Honor recipient Construction Mechanic 3rd Class Marvin G. Shields. It is presented in recognition of the Seabee who has made extraordinary contributions to the mission of the Naval Construction Force and has upheld the highest traditions and legacy of the U.S. Navy Seabees over the last year.
Lt. Clare Oversen, of Combat Service Support Squadron 7, was this year's Moreell Medal winner. The Moreell Medal is given annually by the Society of American Military Engineers (SAME) to recognize an active or Reserve officer of the Navy Civil Engineer Corps, or a civilian employee of NAVFAC, that has made outstanding contributions to military engineering.
NAVFAC is the systems command that delivers and maintains quality, sustainable facilities; acquires and manages capabilities for the Navy's expeditionary combat forces; provides contingency engineering response; and enables energy security and environmental stewardship.
Become a fan at http://www.facebook.com/navfac, follow us at http://www.twitter.com/navfac, view our photostream on Flickr at http://www.flickr.com/photos/navfac, and read SEABEE Magazine online at http://seabeemagazine.navylive.dodlive.mil/.
For more news from Naval Facilities Engineering Command, visit http://www.navy.mil/local/navfachq/.


Today we're releasing a new layout editor which allows you to customize nearly any aspect of a financial report, as well as a new report center experience. This brings unparalleled reporting power to Xero with the flexibility to suit any user.
A little over a year ago Xero released a layout editor to allow you to modify the key financial reports — the Balance Sheet, Profit & Loss, Movements in Equity and — for our partners using Report Templates, some very powerful schedule creation abilities. It was a huge step forward with powerful row level customization — grouping accounts together, creating formulas and ordering items exactly how you want them to show. Today we add the logical next step, column customization. Plus we're making it available to all users of Xero reports — businesses and practices alike.
Prior to this release, columns were ordered in reverse chronological order, they were all the same time span, and they were all continuous. You couldn't add budgets to anything, and you couldn't define your own variance calculations. Now you can do all of those things!
You can define all characteristics of the date columns, what time frame they cover, what they are titled and in which order they will show.
You can add budgets to the Profit & Loss and also to reports that contain schedules like the Notes to the Financial Statements. You can customize where they show, the time frame, and the titles.
Formulas let you calculate variances between any columns on your report. Whether actuals vs budget, actuals vs other actuals, you can now compare anything.
As well as the new columns behavior, the user interface for accounts, groups and formula rows has been improved. As before, there is still an easy and intuitive drag and drop interface to move items around. You can now hide total rows to create cleaner layouts, or you can rename them. Lastly, the means by which you show the detail of all the accounts, or summarize them together to create a single line is now a simple toggle, which also keeps your layout page cleaner.
The report center has been completely rebuilt. It brings all of Xero's reports, both old and new, into one place. We've added some great new functionality that we think you'll love – especially the ways you can very easily tailor a report to suit your specific needs.
Reports are now grouped into new categories that make it easier to find what you're looking for. Just click the three dots to expand a group and see more reports.
You can still use the star icon to favorite any report (new or old) so those reports always display at the top of that group and in the Reports menu.
Better yet, we've introduced a new search function so that you can quickly find the report you need. This screenshot shows the results when you search for "Rec".
Xero's default report layouts are great — but sometimes you need to tailor them to your specific needs. Now after editing the layout and settings of any new report, you can save the layout to use again with one click. Simply click Save as Custom.
You can save more than one custom layout per report, so now you can create as many reports as you need to manage your business.
There are two pieces of work which are underway now, to be released in the coming months. Tracking Columns will allow you to set one or more tracking values to show in a column on a report. This will allow consolidation of multiple values into one column as well as showing more than one tracking value on any given report.
The To Date convenience picker option. (Year to Date, Quarter to Date, Month to Date.) Will allow even easier reporting up to the current day, taking advantage of the always online nature of Xero.
We'd love to hear what you think about the improvements to reporting in Xero and if you'd like to learn more head to the help center for a comprehensive guide of the new functionality.
Have had a brief look at the new Report Centre and Layout Editor. There is a lot to like here and I'm keen to make use of the additional functionality. Well done the development team.
A couple of things are missing though which would be really useful. If you have a group of columns such as a 12 month spread – the formula to add all the columns for a total is clumsy. A "Sum" function like in Excel – or a button that you tick in Report Settings to create a total column or YTD column would be ideal – is that on the agenda?
I was told at a Roadshow that all of the template P&L reports currently in the old reports (ie Act vs Budget, Current Fin Year, Mth to Date Progress) would be replicated in the new style reporting – but that does not seem to be the case. Some of these are quite useful as a base report to then enhance – are there plans to offer those as an option – or do they need to be built from scratch as a custom report – client by client?
Following on from the last comment – will there be practice wide custom reports that can be created from a client – or do these need to be created from My Xero>Reports now?
Any chance soon of more than one entity per database? More than one VAT report?
Useful for example if a business has several shops each a separate company with different minority shareholders.
This is a great move forward for reporting. Unfortunately, I don't see the one feature I have wanted since the beginning…% columns on the income statement. This is critical to an accountant analysis. It is probably the absolute MOST important thing besides the accuracy of the numbers themselves. I was under the impression this feature was implementing with THIS rollout. Am I mistaken? If I've missed it, please let me know how to access it. If I'm not mistaken, please provide a timeline when it will be available.
You can create this % column yourself using the formula column. I.e. Column 1 ÷ Column 2 x 100 in a formula will give the percentage you are after.
Hi Marilyn, thank you for the feedback.
If you are referring to % comparative columns these can now be added by using the formula column function and inserting the relevant formula.
I think Marylin is asking for common size column … like row as a % of revenue for a P&L, or row as a % of total assets on the asset section of a balance sheet. Pretty fundamental and glaringly missing.
Yes please Xerox, can we get an update on this?
Not happy with the changes, was easy to customise the reports before, now is taking way longer. Also had no prior notice it was about to happen.
I like the new reports as I have been playing with them under the New Report section for the while. It takes a while to build your custom reports, but once established you can access them easily.
But I'm very disappointed that the Account Transaction still does not have a running balance. This has been asked for a long time, by many people, yet Xero continues to ignore it. Having a running balance in the Account Transaction report makes problem solving and reconciliations considerably easier. It is also available in every other accounting package I use. Xero development seems determined to add every other possible filter or column.
I know I can export to Excel & add it myself or export the entire General Ledger to Excel, but that is not the case with any other accounting package.
Xero please focus on adding the basics before moving onto adding features that will be rarely used.
This is a great update and allows heaps more flexibility to the reports. – Well done Xero!
The only thing missing is the ability to use tracking codes which I think is coming and also a YTD date type so you can run a report at a certain date and automatically have it generate a YTD column for the current year and the previous year. At the moment you would have to do this manually using a custom date range which will not automatically update if you ran the report at a different date.
While I do like the idea of the new reports – the features that have been lost make them un-usable for me.
To not be able to sort accounts by the account code, and not having the YTD options – are completely impractical, so I will need to keep using the old reports.
Are you planning to discontinue the old reports? Because that would be a major disadvantage!
Looks good, but as Natalie says, we also need to be able to sort by Account Code and more importantly, display the Account Code. My client has hundreds of accounts in their P&L and their Board uses the Account Codes to quickly find the accounts.
Can this PLEASE be included? Pretty please???
When are the new flexible features coming for the Trial Balance? I know my team would love to see a TB with 2 years of figures side by side.
And what are the plans for updating the Management Report pack to include the flexible new reports instead of the old fixed ones?
Now that would be a winner!!
The statement "You can add budgets to the Profit & Loss and also to reports that contain schedules like the Notes to the Financial Statements." Is not correct, while I have found you can add a budget column in a Profit & Loss this column can not be added in any other report including the Xero default Notes to the Financial Statements.
Looks like you have fixed this issue now, I have now created a report that is not a P&L that has a budget column. Still waiting for a column that can have custom numbers in it similar to a custom row though.
Enjoying working with the new reports. Getting easier each time I go in and customise (less clicks too). Thank you Xero you're awesome.
Yes we will do more layouts, but we don't want to create lots of different layouts in report centre to do it, but rather have a better Report Settings experience within a report to get to the common variants. You can then customise these further and save them if you wish.
If you need divisional reporting then Tracking in Xero is ideally suited to that, however if you need to run multiple separate entities each with its own discrete VAT return you will need to set each up in its own organisation.
This was a foundation release and a number of features that clearly belong in the layout editor are not there yet. % variance against a group total, rather than a column value is definitely in our near future but before we can get there we needed a lot of things like the drag and drop to place columns in specific places, renaming of columns and the formula editor. Those are very useful in and of themselves and so we choose to release now. If you were lead to believe % would be in release one then I'm sorry but that wasn't what the first release was going to be, but rest assured we are now much closer to it with this release under our belt.
We will do it, and we have a plan, but it needs other things to line up first. I don't agree that the features in this release will be rarely used. A scan of social media, and also my inbox shows that a lot of people have been waiting a long time for this and are very happy with this first stage.
I totally agree, tracking first then the YTD/QTD/MTD date pickers. We are already working on it.
Tracking columns is iterative on top of what we released last Tuesday and I see that being released within the next two months. The YTD/QTD/MTD date options are a little more involved and will be devloped in parallel to tracking columns, but will take a a bit longer before they are released.
In most ways the new reports now entirely eclipse the functionality of the old ones, certainly in terms of how precisely you can layout the reports.
Will the old reports be retired? Absolutely, but not until we have full feature parity. We definitely will not remove access to the old reports until things like YTD, account codes, currency related features etc are all there. Even once we have parity we will give a lot of warning before anything changes.
Ultimately all reports will be moved over to the new reporting system, and the trial balance is fairly high on the priority list.
The first video in this blog at 1:37 mark suggests it is easy to access "Business Performance" dashboard – but infact it has dropped off the Reports tab, and you can't star it.
A reset option would be good too.
I completely agree with this. I've saved the old New Report Balance Sheet as Template before & it has locked it as that days day and there is no way to re-set it to show "Todays" date.
I've tried, Xero Support have tried and still no luck.
A re-set option would cover this and many other possible boo boos.
Is there a way to migrate old customised report layout styles to the new reports?
Is the Budget Manager likely to undergo any updates in relation to the reports soon?
I love the grouping on the new reports, and would love to see this flow through to Budgeting.
An example is we list the company cars in Xero & each car gets its own account.
The difficulty this poses then is that Budgeting for the Registration i need to go to the specific month whereas entering in a one off yearly budget would be a lot less research.
A second issue we come across is that we link multiple accounts under one Group in Profit & Loss. The option to link multiple accounts in the Budget and have them flow through to other reports as a Group would also be ideal.
I recently created a custom P&L in New Reports with great success – the client loves it and creating it was easy. One thing – how do you include accounts that don't yet have balances in them?
So how are you going with a Livestock Trading report, workable Australian Depreciation schedules, Balance forward options for equity accounts, etc.
I'm trying to use the formula in the variance column to show a negative for overspend or lower revenue and vice versa but it treats the report figures as positives regardless of accounting sign. Do I need to use the "if" function ?
Confused…. I have spent an hour trying to create a budget vs actual report under a tracking option.
Surely we don't have to set one up for every month/quarter etc?!
Hi Charlotte I suggest you reach out to the support team on this.
If you have a report dated November and you add tracking and budget columns for November as well, then if you update the report date range to December, the columns will move along too.
As a Xero Partner and Xero Practice Studio User , can I customise a P&L and save as a template to use across all clients? or do I have to create custom P&L's in each clients Xero?
If I can save as template and use across all clients.. can you please tell me how to do this.
Tracking Columns is a real game-changer for us – to be able to produce a P&L with both tracking fields, by month – any update in timing for this?
I hope we don't lose the old reports. They had a unique URL that you could send to a client if you wanted. The new ones don't.
Also, the new ones don't have the client name in the title of the browser tab, which helps in conjunction with other software such as Chrometa.


Add onion, ginger-garlic, dried red chilli, fennel seeds, coriander seeds, mustard seeds, fenugreek seeds, cloves, bay leaf and yoghurt to a mixer and grind to a fine paste.
Heat oil and splutter the cumin seeds. Add the ground paste and fry on medium flame until it starts leaving oil on the sides. This will take about 10 minutes.
Add the tomatoes and sprinkle salt. Mix and let cook until the tomatoes are soft and mushy. Add red chilli, turmeric and garam masala. Mix and turn off the flame after a minute. Serve as a spicy side dish.


text:
Steve Chen (; born 15 June 1948) is a Taiwanese politician.

Career
Chen began his career at the Minister of Economic Affairs in 1973, with the Bureau of Foreign Trade upon graduation from National Chung Hsing University, where he had studied economics. As a deputy minister of economic affairs, Chen explored free trade agreements with Paraguay and the United States. He led negotiations with Nicaragua, which began in 2004 and continued until signing of an FTA in June 2006. Chen was named Minister of Economic Affairs in August 2006, and aided by deputy ministers Shih Yen-shiang, Hou Ho-shong, and Hsieh Fa-dah. Chen took office on 9 August and shortly thereafter commented on Cross-Strait economic ties, stating that moving manufacturing lines to China and other countries was not a bad thing, as long as research, development and design were based in Taiwan. As head of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Chen continued to sign free trade agreements with Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras.

Chen left the Ministry of Economic Affairs in 2008, and was succeeded by Yiin Chii-ming. Chen assumed the chairmanship of Powerchip Technology Corporation in 2012, after company founder Frank Huang resigned. Chen visited the United States in 2015 to solicit American support for Taiwanese participation in the Trans-Pacific Partnership. By 2016, Chen had become the secretary-general of Cross-Strait CEO Summit Taiwan.

References

1948 births
Living people
National Chung Hsing University alumni
Taiwanese Ministers of Economic Affairs
Politicians of the Republic of China on Taiwan from Chiayi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Алгоритм сортировки — это алгоритм для упорядочивания элементов в массиве. В случае, когда элемент в массиве имеет несколько полей, поле, служащее критерием порядка, называется ключом сортировки. На практике в качестве ключа часто выступает число, а в остальных полях хранятся какие-либо данные, никак не влияющие на работу алгоритма.

История

Первые прототипы современных методов сортировки появились уже в XIX веке. К 1890 году для ускорения обработки данных переписи населения в США американец Герман Холлерит создал первый статистический табулятор — электромеханическую машину, предназначенную для автоматической обработки информации, записанной на перфокартах. У машины Холлерита имелся специальный «сортировальный ящик» из 26 внутренних отделений. При работе с машиной от оператора требовалось вставить перфокарту и опустить рукоятку. Благодаря пробитым на перфокарте отверстиям замыкалась определённая электрическая цепь, и на единицу увеличивалось показание связанного с ней циферблата. Одновременно с этим открывалась одна из 26 крышек сортировального ящика, и в соответствующее отделение перемещалась перфокарта, после чего крышка закрывалась. Данная машина позволила обрабатывать около 50 карт в минуту, что ускорило обработку данных в 3 раза. К переписи населения 1900 года Холлерит усовершенствовал машину, автоматизировав подачу карт. Работа сортировальной машины Холлерита основывалась на методах поразрядной сортировки. В патенте на машину обозначена сортировка «по отдельности для каждого столбца», но не определён порядок. В другой аналогичной машине, запатентованной в 1894 году Джоном Гором, упоминается сортировка со столбца десятков. Метод сортировки, начиная со столбца единиц, впервые появляется в литературе в конце 1930-х годов. К этому времени сортировальные машины уже позволяли обрабатывать до 400 карт в минуту.

В дальнейшем история алгоритмов оказалась связана с развитием электронно-вычислительных машин. По некоторым источникам, именно программа сортировки стала первой программой для вычислительных машин. Некоторые конструкторы ЭВМ, в частности разработчики EDVAC, называли задачу сортировки данных наиболее характерной нечисловой задачей для вычислительных машин. В 1945 году Джон фон Нейман для тестирования ряда команд для EDVAC разработал программы сортировки методом слияния. В том же году немецкий инженер Конрад Цузе разработал программу для сортировки методом простой вставки. К этому времени уже появились быстрые специализированные сортировальные машины, в сопоставлении с которыми и оценивалась эффективность разрабатываемых ЭВМ. Первым опубликованным обсуждением сортировки с помощью вычислительных машин стала лекция Джона Мокли, прочитанная им в 1946 году. Мокли показал, что сортировка может быть полезной также и для численных расчетов, описал методы сортировки простой вставки и бинарных вставок, а также поразрядную сортировку с частичными проходами. Позже организованная им совместно с инженером Джоном Эккертом компания «Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation» выпустила некоторые из самых ранних электронных вычислительных машин BINAC и UNIVAC. Наряду с отмеченными алгоритмами внутренней сортировки, появлялись алгоритмы внешней сортировки, развитию которых способствовал ограниченный объём памяти первых вычислительных машин. В частности, были предложены методы сбалансированной двухпутевой поразрядной сортировки и сбалансированного двухпутевого слияния.

К 1952 году на практике уже применялись многие методы внутренней сортировки, но теория была развита сравнительно слабо. В октябре 1952 года Даниэль Гольденберг привёл пять методов сортировки с анализом наилучшего и наихудшего случаев для каждого из них. В 1954 году Гарольд Сьюворд развил идеи Гольденберга, а также проанализировал методы внешней сортировки. Говард Демут в 1956 году рассмотрел три абстрактные модели задачи сортировки: с использованием циклической памяти, линейной памяти и памяти с произвольным доступом. Для каждой из этих задач автор предложил оптимальные или почти оптимальные методы сортировки, что помогло связать теорию с практикой. Из-за малого числа людей, связанных с вычислительной техникой, эти доклады не появлялись в «открытой литературе». Первой большой обзорной статьёй о сортировке, появившейся в печати в 1955 году, стала работа Дж. Хоскена, в которой он описал всё имевшееся на тот момент оборудование специального назначения и методы сортировки для ЭВМ, основываясь на брошюрах фирм-изготовителей. В 1956 году Э. Френд в своей работе проанализировал математические свойства большого числа алгоритмов внутренней и внешней сортировки, предложив некоторые новые методы.

После этого было предложено множество различных алгоритмов сортировки: например, вычисление адреса в 1956 году; слияние с вставкой, обменная поразрядная сортировка, каскадное слияние и метод Шелла в 1959 году, многофазное слияние и вставки в дерево в 1960 году, осциллирующая сортировка и быстрая сортировка Хоара в 1962 году, пирамидальная сортировка Уильямса и обменная сортировка со слиянием Бэтчера в 1964 году. В конце 60-х годов произошло и интенсивное развитие теории сортировки. Появившиеся позже алгоритмы во многом являлись вариациями уже известных методов. Получили распространение адаптивные методы сортировки, ориентированные на более быстрое выполнение в случаях, когда входная последовательность удовлетворяет заранее установленным критериям.

Формулировка задачи
ключ , управляющий процессом сортировки. На множестве ключей определено отношение порядка «<» так, чтобы для любых трёх значений ключей  выполнялись следующие условия:
 : либо , либо , либо ;
 закон транзитивности: если  и , то .
Данные условия определяют математическое понятие линейного или совершенного упорядочения, а удовлетворяющие им множества поддаются сортировке большинством методов.

Задачей сортировки является нахождение такой перестановки записей  с индексами , после которой ключи расположились бы в порядке неубывания:

Сортировка называется устойчивой, если не меняет взаимного расположения элементов с одинаковыми ключами:
  для любых  и .

Методы сортировки можно разделить на внутренние и внешние. Внутренняя сортировка используется для данных, помещающихся в оперативную память, за счёт чего является более гибкой в плане структур данных. При внешней сортировке данные в оперативную память не помещаются, и она ориентирована на достижение результата в условиях ограниченных ресурсов.

Оценка алгоритма сортировки

Алгоритмы сортировки оцениваются по скорости выполнения и эффективности использования памяти:
 Время — основной параметр, характеризующий быстродействие алгоритма. Называется также вычислительной сложностью. Для упорядочения важны худшее, среднее и лучшее поведение алгоритма в терминах мощности входного множества . Если на вход алгоритму подаётся множество , то обозначим |A|. Для типичного алгоритма хорошее поведение — это  и плохое поведение — это . Идеальное поведение для упорядочения — . Алгоритмы сортировки, использующие только абстрактную операцию сравнения ключей, всегда нуждаются по меньшей мере в сравнениях. Тем не менее, существует алгоритм сортировки Хана (Yijie Han) с вычислительной сложностью , использующий тот факт, что пространство ключей ограничено (он чрезвычайно сложен, а за О-обозначением скрывается весьма большой коэффициент, что делает невозможным его применение в повседневной практике). Также существует понятие сортирующих сетей. Предполагая, что можно одновременно (например, при параллельном вычислении) проводить несколько сравнений, можно отсортировать  чисел за  операций. При этом число  должно быть заранее известно;
 Память — ряд алгоритмов требует выделения дополнительной памяти под временное хранение данных. Как правило, эти алгоритмы требуют  памяти. При оценке не учитывается место, которое занимает исходный массив и независящие от входной последовательности затраты, например, на хранение кода программы (так как всё это потребляет ). Алгоритмы сортировки, не потребляющие дополнительной памяти, относят к сортировкам на месте.

Оптимальность O(n log n) в общем случае

В общем случае задача сортировки предполагает, что единственной обязательно доступной операцией над элементами является сравнение. Ответом на сравнение элементов  и  может быть один из двух вариантов:  или . Поэтому если в ходе работы алгоритм совершает  сравнений, то всего возможно  вариантов комбинаций ответов на них.

Количество перестановок из  элементов равно . Для того, чтобы можно было сюръективно отобразить множество комбинаций ответов на множество всех перестановок, количество сравнений должно быть не меньше, чем  (поскольку сравнение — единственная разрешённая операция).

Прологарифмировав формулу Стирлинга, можно обнаружить, что

Свойства и типы
 Устойчивость — устойчивая сортировка не меняет взаимного расположения элементов с одинаковыми ключами.
 Естественность поведения — эффективность метода при обработке уже упорядоченных или частично упорядоченных данных. Алгоритм ведёт себя естественно, если учитывает эту характеристику входной последовательности и работает лучше.
 Использование операции сравнения. Алгоритмы, использующие для сортировки сравнение элементов между собой, называются основанными на сравнениях. Минимальная трудоемкость худшего случая для этих алгоритмов составляет (), но они отличаются гибкостью применения. Для специальных случаев (типов данных) существуют более эффективные алгоритмы.

Ещё одним важным свойством алгоритма является его сфера применения. Здесь основных типов упорядочения два:
 Внутренняя сортировка оперирует массивами, целиком помещающимися в оперативной памяти с произвольным доступом к любой ячейке. Данные обычно упорядочиваются на том же месте без дополнительных затрат.
 В современных архитектурах персональных компьютеров широко применяется подкачка и кэширование памяти. Алгоритм сортировки должен хорошо сочетаться с применяемыми алгоритмами кэширования и подкачки.
 Внешняя сортировка оперирует запоминающими устройствами большого объёма, но не с произвольным доступом, а последовательным (упорядочение файлов), то есть в данный момент «виден» только один элемент, а затраты на перемотку по сравнению с памятью неоправданно велики. Это накладывает некоторые дополнительные ограничения на алгоритм и приводит к специальным методам упорядочения, обычно использующим дополнительное дисковое пространство. Кроме того, доступ к данным во внешней памяти производится намного медленнее, чем операции с оперативной памятью.
 Доступ к носителю осуществляется последовательным образом: в каждый момент времени можно считать или записать только элемент, следующий за текущим.
 Объём данных не позволяет им разместиться в ОЗУ.

Также алгоритмы классифицируются по:
 потребности в дополнительной памяти или её отсутствию
 потребности в знаниях о структуре данных, выходящих за рамки операции сравнения, или отсутствию таковой

Обзор наиболее популярных алгоритмов сортировки

Сортировка строк
Одним из частых приложений алгоритмов сортировки является сортировка строк. Обобщенный алгоритм может выглядеть так: сначала множество строк сортируется по первому символу каждой строки, затем каждое подмножество строк, имеющих одинаковый первый символ, сортируется по второму символу, и так до тех пор, пока все строки не будут упорядочены. При этом отсутствующий символ (при сравнении строки длины N со строкой длины N+1) считается меньше любого символа.

Применение данного метода к строкам, представляющим собой числа в естественной записи, выдаёт контринтуитивные результаты: например, «9» оказывается больше, чем «11», так как первый символ первой строки имеет бо́льшее значение, чем первый символ второй. Для исправления этой проблемы алгоритм сортировки может преобразовывать сортируемые строки в числа и сортировать их как числа. Такой алгоритм называется «числовой сортировкой», а описанный ранее — «строковой сортировкой». Также на практике эффективным способом решения проблемы сортировки строк, содержащих числа, является добавление некоторого числа нулей перед числом, таким образом, «011» будет считаться больше «009».

См. также
 O-большое
 Временная сложность алгоритма

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки

 Теория, задачи, тестирующая система
 Алгоритмы сортировки на algolist.manual.ru
 Анимированное сравнение алгоритмов сортировки


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