text:
Private debt's rising stars
Senior debt
Real estate debt
PDI 50
PDI 50 2020
Global Investor 30
Private debt's rising stars 2020
Most influential people in private debt
Asia-Pacific Report
Future of Private Debt 2020
US Report 2020
Mid-market lending report
Private Debt Investor Awards 2019
Europe report 2019
Distressed debt & special situations
Private debt events
The Global Guide to Private Debt
AllDealsFund ManagersInvestorsPeople
Less leniency and more loan sales: 2021, according to debt experts
BBI commits €40m to Claret venture debt fund
Fundraising Report
DOWNLOAD: Fundraising dips to six-year low
Home News & Analysis Deals News analysis: Europe's debt markets
News analysis: Europe's debt markets
A reenergised high-yield bond market is shaping private equity fund managers' approach towards securing credit.
Nicholas Donato
A look into Europe's high-yield bond market in 2010 shows companies backed by private equity shops making a whole lot more offerings. Sponsored issuers raised €11.2 billion in the high-yield bond market in 2010, a number flirting with the record €11.7 billion in 2006 and up significantly from the €4.5 billion offered in 2009, according to Standard & Poor's, a credit rater.
Private equity firm BC partners is one high profile firm carrying the trend into 2011. Last week the group agreed to buy Phones 4u, a mobile phone retailing group, from Providence Equity Partners in a deal understood to be worth between £600 million (€689 million; $969 million) and £700 million. To help finance the acquisition a £430 million high-yield bond was offered by Phones 4u, which will be callable in 2018.
The trend has also been illustrated by two buyout deals this year which used only bond offerings for debt financing. Private equity firms traditionally use some mixture of senior bank loans, mezzanine financing and bonds to finance an acquisition.
Bucking the trend first in January was Advent International in its purchase of Priory, a provider of mental health and specialist care services, for an enterprise value of up to £925 million (€1.1 billion; $1.5 billion). Likewise in February PAI Partners concluded its purchase of airport ground handling company Swissport International for an enterprise value of approximately €880 million with an all-bond debt financing approach.
Previously, the speculative-grade bond market was not considered to be a reliable way to raise acquisition funding in Europe
The two deals "are significant, as previously, the speculative-grade bond market was not considered to be a reliable way to raise acquisition funding in Europe", said an S&P credit report. Private equity's greater use of bond markets could also be indicative of banks' continued reluctance to provide capital as a result of new regulatory concerns pushing for higher capital cushions, said Paul Watters, S&P's head of corporate research, in an interview with PEI.
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is in the process of creating new international standards – dubbed "Basel III" – which are the latest global agreements on capital requirements for banks following the credit crunch. The rules, scheduled to go into effect between 2015 and 2018, will introduce higher capital requirements and liquidity measures for banks.
WHERE DEBT MARKETS GO FROM HERE
Looking forward some of Europe's biggest credit providers have expressed optimism for debt markets in 2011. Roughly 90 percent of respondents to DLA Piper's European Acquisition Finance Debt Survey, which was released in February, said they expect a further recovery of debt market activity in the year ahead.
Alexander Griffith
The international law firm surveyed approximately 30 financial institutions active in Europe's acquisition finance market, including prominent private equity lenders such as BNP Paribas, Barclays Bank and GE Capital.
Increased bank lending will perhaps be of greatest relief to mid-market private equity firms who are less able utilise the bond markets. High-yield bonds can be too expensive an option for mid-market companies considering their relatively small size, according to Jonathan Guise, co-founder of London-based debt advisory boutique Marlborough Partners, in a recent interview with PEI. However, there is a risk that banking markets will be unable to fully absorb the expected leveraged refinancing demand peak in 2013-14, said Guise.
Alexander Griffith, a partner at law DLA Piper, echoed the sentiment, saying there would be winners and losers as the refinancing "wall" arrives, in an interview earlier this year. "Whilst there will be a number of high quality borrowers looking for and obtaining refinance facilities without difficulty, many others will struggle, especially if banks are pursuing new buy-out mandates at the same time," said Griffith in a recent interview.
By 2016, $424 billion in debt held by European portfolio companies will be due,according to recent research from global law firm Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer. Indeed, last year more than half (55 percent) of the €11.2 billion raised by private equity firms through bond offerings was used to refinance debt, according to S&P figures.
For bond investors this is like sitting in the passenger seat of a car, and if you are being taken on a long journey, you would feel far more comfortable if you knew the car was roadworthy
Paul Watters
For those private equity firms who tap the bond market to rework debt structures, there is pressure from investors to provide greater disclosure, says S&P's Watters. More bond holders are moving up the payment line in the event of default now that more senior bond issues are being secured pari passu with senior bank loans, yet borrowers don't provide the two markets the same level of information, he explains.
"For bond investors this is like sitting in the passenger seat of a car, and if you are being taken on a long journey, you would feel far more comfortable if you knew the car was roadworthy. Similarly bond investors want to know important information that will help keep them informed, the most obvious examples being loan covenants, compliance and material amendment requests that are typically only provided to the senior banks in Europe today," says Watters.
regulation & legal
ACCESS THE LATEST PDI
Churchill partnership with Tikehau could signify a trend
Kennedy Lewis raises over $2bn, more than double its target
Fundraising is down but far from out
Trends to keep an eye on in 2021
SME lenders pin hopes on growth in 2021


Lowe, David J.; Briggs, Roger M.
Lowe, D. J., & Briggs, R. M. (1994). Intra-conference Tour Day 2: Hamilton–Rotorua–Hamilton. In D. J. Lowe (Ed.), Conference Tour Guides, International Inter-INQUA Field Conference and Workshop on Tephrochronology, Loess, and Paleopedology (pp. 45–71). Hamilton, New Zealand: University of Waikato.
(TVZ), tephric loess deposits, and buried paleosols on tephra beds- in other words, something for everyone attending our three-discipline conference. As well, we shall see a variety of volcanic landforms both on our journey from Hamilton and in the Rotorua region itself. We finish the day with a 'Caldera Dinner' overlooking Rotorua and Haroharo calderas, and Mt Tarawera, from the top of Ngongataha rhyolite dome.


text:
Architecture » CAM (Contemporary Art Museum) / BROOKS SCARPA & CLEARSCAPES
CAM (Contemporary Art Museum) / BROOKS SCARPA & CLEARSCAPES
| Updated on October 15, 2015
Location: Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
Type: Cultural – Public
Architects: BROOKS SCARPA – www.pugh-scarpa.com / CLEARSCAPES – www.clearscapes.com
Client/Owner: Contemporary Art Museum
Program: Exhibition spaces, archive and art storage, educational center, administrative offices, catering kitchen, sculpture garden
Total Square Footage: 22,300 SF (900 SF new entry lobby)
Opened: December 2010
Project Cost: $5,800,000
Photography: John Edward Linden, Nick Pironio and Lawrence Scarpa
Located in Raleigh's revitalizing Historic Depot District, an unlikely butterfly has emerged from its decades-long cocoon. The historic 1910 two-story brick structure built for Allen Forge & Welding Company and enlarged around 1927 for the Brogden Produce Company — and more recently home to longtime occupant Cal-Tone Paints — has emerged from its asbestos clad sheathing into a new incarnation as the home of Raleigh's Contemporary Art Museum (CAM).
Equally important to the preservation of the existing structure was the addition of the new 900 square foot entry structure. The dramatic lobby is a glass-enclosed space set beneath a spectacular folded-panel roof that extends over the entry's sculpture garden to form a kind of welcoming front porch. Located on the east side of the existing building, the lobby is a modern re-interpretation of the old loading dock, moving people, goods and art deep into the central core of the main exhibition space. This asymmetrical cross axis was created to juxtapose and complement the symmetry of the old historic building. The two buildings collapse together and fuse into one structure. Old and new become one. The space provokes a kind of indelible wonder while still affording traditional values to the people who visit.
"The building itself is a work of art", says John Morris, a software engineer, photographer and writer. "It chronicles the solid utility of Raleigh's red-brick past. It's an old building with a new purpose, a new interior with a futuristic canopy roof that pulls it off really, really well."
CAM's director of development, Rosemary Wyche points out that much of the original fabric of the building, a produce warehouse with loading bays for trucks and a connection to a railroad spur, is largely intact, including the original apparatus for the freight elevator visible from the open stair to the museum's main level. There the Main Gallery is revealed as a dramatic space with tall ceilings with the original metal trusses exposed and a row of porthole-like details that are part of the new ventilation and heating and air conditioning system. An original lunette window floods the space with light penetrating deep into the new basement gallery cut into the floor below.
The lower level gallery's square cast-in-place masonry columns with distinctive flared capitals and sheared caps have a delicacy of their own to complement to main exhibition space above. The lower level is also home to administrative offices, storage and preparation areas and the catering kitchen. The administrative area is defined by half-walls that give the basement a sense of openness. This level also accommodates one more exhibit space, the Media Lab, or Black Box Room, intended to display digital art and other technology.
"We have three galleries," says Wyche. "The Main Gallery is our largest and can accommodate 499 people for a variety of events. A second gallery, the Street Gallery, appropriately named for its proximity to West Martin Street, is located adjacent to the Main Gallery but separated by the intentional slot cut in the concrete floor to create a deep trench to expose the basement level to the main gallery. The Street Gallery is accessible by a glass and metal bridge spanning the trench, providing views down into the third gallery below. This allows the basement, traditionally separated from the upper levels, to be visually fused into the gallery space above.
Every feature of the building is multivalent and rich with meaning—performing several roles for functional, formal and experiential effect. This marriage of the old and new, respect for history, while bringing something entirely new and exciting makes this building inseparable from the history of the region. The emergence of the Brogden Produce Company, from an anonymous asbestos-covered block to a visually exciting and functional art space in the midst of Raleigh's Depot Historic District, is a remarkable transition. Like the butterfly, CAM is spreading its wings after a long wait.
4 thoughts on "CAM (Contemporary Art Museum) / BROOKS SCARPA & CLEARSCAPES"
Amany AlNajjar
this is an amazing folded panel roof that extends over the entrance to form kind of welcoming, which is a very nice idea
Athari Abdalla
The fusion of the new and old could be a tricky thing. Here, it was executed in an effective way; it does not look odd or not in harmony with the initial building. It's actually the old building that i cant seem to agree that it reflects an art museum!
lama suliman
I like the idea of showing the structural system in the interior in smart way fro example in the exhibition hall ..
also the clear organization of the space which shows in the plans drawings gives me the feeling of the path and the circulation ..
regarding the lighting the solution to use the natural light through the upper opening was smart 🙂
I like it ~so cute

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
WALKING & BIKING PATH ON THE NEW BRIDGE
The Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge is now open in both directions. Now the walking and biking paths on the new bridge is being worked on. Still to be decided is if the path will be open 24 hours per day or from dusk to dawn. South Nyack Major Bonnie Christian mounted a fight against The New York State Thruway Authority to reconfigure the path on the Rockland side of the bridge and The Thruway Authority has changed the configuration in response to Nyack's complaints.
According to an article in The Journal News entitled "The bridge path forward" by Matt Coyne on July 12, 2018, the future walking and biking path will be a shared use path. A ridge has been built into the right most of all Rockland bound lanes. The ridge will accommodate a future barrier separating vehicle traffic from pedestrian and cyclists. Once finished, the Thruway Authority has not committed to an opening date yet.
The path will feature lanes for pedestrians and bikers and six overlooks, each with a local historical or cultural theme. The article points out that the overlooks hold tourisms potential which could boost the economies of Tarrytown and Nyack.
Recreationally, the path connects to existing trails that make up the Empire State Trail running from New York City to Quebec border and Albany to buffalo. The path have other uses such as when a protest march is made across the bridge. The protestors would be on this path. The hours of operation is still being debated. Nyack's Mayor, Christian wants the path open from dawn to dusk. She states "we don't need people out there late, in the early morning hours".
Daniel Convissor is the Director of Bike Tarrytown. He stated the path is more than just a fun ride between Westchester and Rockland. The path will connect Rockland's Esposito Trail and the North County Trailway, South County Trailway and the Croton Aqueduct. Trails in Westchester will hold economic significance. Westchester residents who want to work in Rockland or vice versa who cannot afford a car could use the path to commute to work. Some residents might choose to bike to Tarrytown train station to catch a Metro-North or Hudson Line train rather than drive or take a bus. Mr. Convissor states "there's hugh opportunity for people who live in one place and work in the other to have transportation between the two places. But only if the path is open 24 hours a day, otherwise, you might force bike commuters into tough situations."
We will keep you posted on the Thruway Authority's decision on the progress of the walking and biking path and the hours of operation.
Updated: October 1, 2018 3:47 pm


text:
Home » Carrie Underwood » News
Carrie Underwood - "Cry Pretty": Album Lyrics
Read now all the lyrics from Carrie Underwood's "Cry Pretty" album.
This is the sixth studio album by the American country music singer-songwriter. Carrie's previous album was "Storyteller" in 2015.
"Cry Pretty" (in stores September 14th) is made of 13 tracks in total. The thirteenth track, which also is a bonus track, is the only collaborative song on the album. "The Champion" features rapper Ludacris.
The producers who helped Carrie make "Cry Pretty" a reality were David Garcia and Jim Jonsin.
Here's an official statement Carrie gave prior to the release of the album:
"At this point in my career, I feel stronger and more creative than ever. I think you can hear that in this new album. It's emotional, it's soulful, it's real, and we also have some fun on there too. I hope everyone loves it as much as I have loved making it."
Which are your favorite songs?
THE LYRICS
1. "Cry Pretty"
2. "Ghosts On the Stereo"
3. "Low"
4. "Backsliding"
5. "That Song That We Used to Make Love To"
6. "The Bullet"
7. "Southbound"
8. "Drinking Alone"
9. "Spinning Bottles"
10. "Love Wins"
11. "End Up With You"
12. "Kingdom"
13. "The Champion" (Feat. Ludacris)
By Kevin Apaza on September 13, 2018


This picture (housetweaking Painting A Door With Chalkboard Paint) earlier mentioned will be classed having:painting a door with blackboard paint, painting a door with chalkboard paint, painting a metal door with chalkboard paint, painting closet doors with chalkboard paint, painting pantry door with chalkboard paint, placed by means of Bennie Bayer at July, 16 2018. To find out just about all pictures within Fresh Painting A Door With Chalkboard Paint Ideas pictures gallery you need to stick to this url.
Fresh Painting A Door With Chalkboard Paint Ideas – This housetweaking Painting A Door With Chalkboard Paint design was taken from www.housetweaking.com and upload on July, 16 2018 by Bennie Bayer. Download other design about Painting A Door With Chalkboard Paint in our best gallery. Thank for visiting this gallery collection for latest Painting A Door With Chalkboard Paint ideas. You can copy Fresh Painting A Door With Chalkboard Paint Ideas for your collection by clicking on image to print in high resolution.


text:
Q: How to find consecutive values <2 with length >=3 in R? I have some data and I want to find consecutive values <=2, and the length of the consecutive values should >3. My objectives are (1) find the length of different groups of consecutive values and (2) find the location of the first value in each group. I have tried the following code:
set.seed(100)
pre = sample(x=1:5, size = 90, replace = T)
which(pre<=2)

and this will produce the result below:
[1]  1  2  4  8 10 13 14 17 18 19 26 30 33 37 40 41 49 50 51 52 53 54 56 57 58 60 66 69 72 80 85 88 89

So, the conservative values groups include: (1)17, 18, 19; (2)40, 41; (3)49, 59, 51, 52, 53, 54; (4)56, 57, 58; (5)88, 89.
However, as I only need consecutive values with length >=3, group (2) and (5) should be excluded from the results. I wonder how I can do this in R? Thanks for any help.

A: Use rle to get the lengths of each repeated section, then get the position by adding those lengths, and subset to get the desired runs.  In the first line, I have to unclass rle first as otherwise data.frame doesn't know how to handle it.
out <- data.frame(unclass(rle(pre<=2)))
out$pos <- head(cumsum(c(1, out$lengths)), -1)
out[out$lengths>=3  & out$values,c("pos", "lengths")]
##  pos lengths
##   17       3
##   49       6
##   56       3

If you prefer chaining with dplyr, here's a version with that idiom.
rle(pre <= 2) %>% unclass() %>% data.frame() %>%
  mutate(pos = c(1, lengths) %>% cumsum %>% head(-1)) %>%
  filter(lengths >=3 & values) %>% select(pos, lengths)

(In a previous version, I used do.call in the first line, which simply puts the results from rle into a data.frame; do.call simply calls the function specified by its first argument with the second argument as its parameters. It's helpful when you have a list of things (such as rle returns) which you want to use as parameters to a function. The code could certainly be written without that step, it just made it easier to keep the parts together and output only the rows you want.)

A: One option is to use dplyr after converting pre vector to a data.frame.
set.seed(100)
pre = sample(x=1:5, size = 90, replace = T)

library(dplyr)
df <- data.frame(pre)

df %>% mutate(condition = (pre <= 2), rn = row_number()) %>%
  group_by(grp = cumsum(lag(condition, default = -1) != condition)) %>%
  filter(pre <= 2 & n() >= 3) %>%
  group_by(grp) %>%
  summarise(pos = min(rn), count = n()) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  select(-grp) %>% as.data.frame()
#    pos count
# 1  17     3
# 2  49     6
# 3  56     3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Since the start of the campaign I've been twittering like an obsessive - more twits in the past month than since 2008 - and have used an easily edited and modified graphic to make key points and counter points day by day. Most are a little amateurish and so-so but they generally work a lot better than bare twits. Today's, though, is getting a lot of people exited and is being re-twitted like Billy-oh. I clearly got something right here; probably more on the basis of monkeys and typewriters than anything else.
BTW my student son - and his two mates who go to the same univ - have received double voting cards. One for home and one for away. I wonder how many thousand of those have been harvested for fiddling.
Standard practice as I recall. So why I've no doubt that the BSE remainiacs and especially the corrupt shameless and totally without integrity Cameron and his ilk are pulling allsorts of nasty stunts I don't think this is one.
The latest nasty btw (courtesy of Guido F) is a refusal by the Treasury to confirm how much we are sending into the Union home regions (I don't think "nations" applies any more)in child support payments for the offspring of EU citizens resident in the UK.
Apparently it is now too time consuming and expensive to provide this despite the fact that it has been readily forthcoming from a standard report in previous years The most recently figure quoted was £30,000,000 - it will almost certainly much more now and therefore a greater potential embarrassment to Cameron. If I were a cynic I might say that is why it is now "Too expensive" to provide, especially in the next week or two!
So my own little contribution has been to e-mail my MP and 7 MEPs via "Write to them" (quick and easy) saying I understand that the annual value of this payment is now £100,000,000 but could they confirm. If they do - fine if they dispute it then they should provide what they regard as the correct one to counter.
Try it dear readers - it might help the cause.
That reminds me, anyone see Reg on TV last night?
Vote Leave and help bring Blair to trial.
Great one, Raedwald. Luvvit -- and I hope lots will USE is.
A rogues gallery of lying and conniving shits!
Lets hope it converts a few more to the cause.
Love the poster, great stuff. Traitors the lot of them.
John Ward at The Slog picked up this piece on the BBC website which says that MPs are discussion a vote on the result of the referendum if we vote Leave and will overturn it, keeping us in.


The Department of Management and Marketing welcomes you to their website!
An all-rounded degree in business studies which allows students to focus on 1 or 2 areas of specialization such as marketing, management or accounting.
A specialized program on integrated marketing communications and branding, with a strong focus on the role of social media marketing.
A specialized program dedicated on the industries of hotel, tourism and events management which aims to equip the students with knowledge on strategic aspects on the said three interconnected areas.
A unique program and the only accredited one is Cyprus, with the option to focus either on Air Operations (Professional Pilot) or Commercial Operations.
A highly esteemed and one of the first MBA (Master in Business Administration) programs offered in Cyprus and a PhD and DBA in Business Administration.
Our biggest asset is our faculty, which has extensive academic and industry experience as well as a good research profile. The faculty is committed to a student-centered approach and we aim to provide our students with individualized attention and support at all levels of their learning experience.


text:
Liobagrus somjinensis är en fiskart som beskrevs av Park och Kim 2011. Liobagrus somjinensis ingår i släktet Liobagrus och familjen Amblycipitidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Malartade fiskar
somjinensis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Mały Jagnięcy Kopiniak (słow. Malý jahňací zub, 2179 m n.p.m.) – turnia w grani głównej Tatr, w słowackiej części Tatr Wysokich. Jest położony w południowo-zachodniej grani Jagnięcego Szczytu, zwanej Granią Townsona. Od Wielkiego Jagnięcego Kopiniaka na północnym wschodzie jest oddzielony Niżnim Jagnięcym Karbem. Pomiędzy Małym Jagnięcym Kopiniakiem a Czerwoną Turnią ciągnie się natomiast długa grań, w której znajdują się trzy przełęcze: najgłębsza Kołowa Przełęcz, Kołowy Przechód i Wyżni Kołowy Przechód. To ostatnie siodło położone jest w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie Małego Jagnięcego Kopiniaka.

Po północno-zachodniej stronie turni położone jest Bździochowe Korycisko będące odgałęzieniem Doliny Kołowej, a po południowo-wschodniej – Dolina Jagnięca, odnoga Doliny Zielonej Kieżmarskiej. Do Doliny Jagnięcej opada z Małego Jagnięcego Kopiniaka spore urwisko, ograniczone dwoma głębokimi żlebami zbiegającymi z sąsiednich przełączek.

Na Mały Jagnięcy Kopiniak nie prowadzą żadne znakowane szlaki turystyczne. Znakowana żółto ścieżka ze schroniska nad Zielonym Stawem Kieżmarskim przez Dolinę Jagnięcą i Kołowy Przechód na Jagnięcy Szczyt omija go po stronie Bździochowego Koryciska, podobnie jak drugie ze wzniesień w Grani Townsona, Wielki Jagnięcy Kopiniak. Najdogodniejsza droga dla taterników wiedzie na wierzchołek granią z Wyżniego Kołowego Przechodu, łatwe jest też wejście z Doliny Kołowej, od Kołowego Stawu.

Przypisy

Turnie i skały słowackich Tatr
Turnie i skały Tatr Wysokich


You haven't really experienced a city until you've set foot in the hectic craziness that is Bangkok. The City of Life as it dubs itself, is filled with culture, arts, food, markets and some of the friendliest people you'll find. One thing's for certain – you won't be bored in Bangkok. In fact, you might just need to book another trip to the Thai city to be able to soak it all in.
There are plenty of street markets in Bangkok, where the walkways are crammed with makeshift stalls. You'll find about anything you can imagine, from traditional Thai crafts to designer knock-offs (the Thai are famous for their near perfect duplicates of designer bags, watches, shirts, shoes and jewels). Be prepared to bargain. You'll be offered a tourist price that can easily be talked down. One of the most famous markets is Khao San Road. From the scenes in The Hangover II, to the opening scenes in The Beach, Khao San Road's vibrancy is something you just can't miss.
Thailand is filled with palaces, but the one that virtually every tourist sees in Bangkok is the Grand Palace, home to the Thai royal family. It's a huge part of Thai history and the architecture is a sight that can't be missed. Be sure to book an afternoon to roam the grounds and explore, but be sure to wear long pants and a long sleeved shirt out of respect.
Religion is rich throughout Bangkok, and the temples are dotted throughout, making it easy to get in touch with your spiritual side. Some of the most famous include, Wat Arun (Temple of Dawn), Wat Pho (the Temple of the Reclining Buddha) and the Temple of Emerald Buddha which is viewed as the most important temple in Thailand no one is allowed near the Buddha except for the HM and King). Follow the same rule as a palace visit – a long sleeved shirt and long pants are a must.
Instead of just exploring Bangkok by foot or tut-tut (open-air cabs), book yourself a river tour. You'll get a unique view of the city, and if you book a tour of the nearby floating markets, you'll get a new appreciation for Thai markets going from boat to boat to buy goods.
Hands down some of the best food we've ever eaten while travelling was on the streets of Bangkok. Don't be afraid of testing it out. Curries, rice, coconut ice cream, even fired crickets for the adventurous, the food is fresh, delicious and cheap.
You might think it's a gimmick, but a true Thai massage is a fantastic experience to enjoy in Bangkok. Even if you have had a Thai massage in North America, nothing beats one in Thailand, where the masseuses will crack, twist and kneed out knots and kinks from the stress of travel.


text:
El torneo de tenis de mesa en los II Juegos Europeos se realizó en el Centro Olímpico de Tenis de Minsk (Bielorrusia) del 22 al 29 de junio de 2019.

En total fueron disputadas en este deporte cinco pruebas diferentes, dos masculinas, dos femeninas y una mixta.

Medallistas

Masculino

Femenino

Mixto

Medallero

Enlaces externos
Pág. web de Minsk 2019 .

Tenis de mesa
2019
Juegos Europeos


text:
President Obama still thinks Kanye West is a jackass
April 12, 2012 | 4:19 pm
Remember when President Obama called Kanye West a jackass for interrupting Taylor Swift's acceptance speech at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards? Well, he meant it.
Answering the question "Kanye or Jay-Z?," posed to him by the Atlantic, the head honcho didn't miss a step in picking the latter." "Although," he added, "I like Kanye. He's a Chicago guy. Smart. He's very talented."
Very talented, and, well, that other thing.
"He is a jackass," Obama said when reminded of his earlier remark. "But he's talented."
So much for following in Jay-Z and Beyonce's footsteps with an invitation to hang out at the White House any time soon — and if Kanye now really does see Kim Kardashian as "his Beyonce," as Us Magazine alleged this week, that could further complicate West versus West Wing relations.
Remember, the Obama family isn't exactly nuts about Kimmie K. either, despite that "great show" comment to Khloe Kardashian during a 2010 L.A. Lakers visit to Pennsylvania Avenue.
"Barack really thinks some of the Kardashians — when they watch that stuff — he doesn't like that as much," First Lady Michelle Obama told iVillage last year regarding her daughters' TV habits, adding that the first father sees the adventures of the Kardashian sisters franchise as a great example of what not to do in life.
What Kim has done well is trump the president with her number of Twitter followers, having bested him last month above 14 million and pulling ahead him by a quarter-million or so.
Kanye, meanwhile, is hanging back there in the neighborhood of 7.1 million followers.
At least least he's ahead of Johnny Knoxville — star of the "Jackass" franchise.
Kim Kardashian reportedly dating Kanye West
Jay-Z, Beyonce get a White House visit with President Obama
Are Kim and Kanye dating? The lovely and talented Ms. Kardashian plays it coy
Photos: President Obama, left, and Kanye West. Credits: Saul Loeb / AFP / Getty Images, left; Craig Barritt / Getty Images.


It has been 5 years since Casey Anthony's murder trial and news of her has been sparked again. The woman accused of murdering her 2-year-old daughter back in 2011 has now been approved for a home daycare license in Florida. Anthony has stated that since the trial, life has "been extremely difficult and she feels that she's been forced to live as a recluse." Due to this, Anthony has tried multiple online jobs but took up neighborhood babysitting, although parents were reluctant.
Despite Anthony's trial history and the reluctancy of the neighbors, the state of Florida has approved Anthony for a home daycare license. She is set to open up her new business in mid-September.
Would you leave your child at a home daycare with Casey Anthony?
Previous articleWas Trump's Second Amendment comment taken out of context?
Next articleThe Media Lies… Question EVERYTHING!


text:
Q: Change time from UTC to local time in C I would like to output in local time, America/Los_Angeles to the log file. Currently, I'm getting times in UTC. I'm hoping a solution exists within these three functions.
/* src/lib/timing.c line 196 */
char* xdebug_nanotime_to_chars(uint64_t nanotime, unsigned char precision)
{
        char *res;
        time_t secs;

        secs = (time_t)(nanotime / NANOS_IN_SEC);
        if (precision > 0) {
                res = xdmalloc(30);
        } else {
                res = xdmalloc(20);
        }
        strftime(res, 20, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", gmtime(&secs));
        if (precision > 0) {
                sprintf(res + 19, ".%09u", (uint32_t)(nanotime % NANOS_IN_SEC));
                if (precision < 9) {
                        *(res + 20 + precision) = '\0';
                }
        }
        return res;
}

Open log. Set log_open_timestring with xdebug_nanotime_to_chars function.
/* src/lib/log.c line 586 */
void xdebug_open_log(void)
{
        /* initialize remote log file */
        XG_LIB(log_file) = NULL;
        XG_LIB(log_opened_message_sent) = 0;
        XG_LIB(log_open_timestring) = NULL;

        if (XINI_LIB(log) && strlen(XINI_LIB(log))) {
                XG_LIB(log_file) = xdebug_fopen(XINI_LIB(log), "a", NULL, NULL);
        }
        if (XG_LIB(log_file)) {
                XG_LIB(log_open_timestring) = xdebug_nanotime_to_chars(xdebug_get_nanotime(), 6);
        } else if (strlen(XINI_LIB(log))) {
                xdebug_log_diagnose_permissions(XLOG_CHAN_LOGFILE, NULL, XINI_LIB(log));
        }
}

Prints log open time to log file:
/* src/lib/log.c line 56 */
static inline void xdebug_internal_log(int channel, int log_level, const char *message)
{
        zend_ulong pid;

        if (!XG_LIB(log_file)) {
                return;
        }

        pid = xdebug_get_pid();

        if (!XG_LIB(log_opened_message_sent) && XG_LIB(log_open_timestring)) {
                XG_LIB(log_opened_message_sent) = 1;

                fprintf(XG_LIB(log_file), "[" ZEND_ULONG_FMT "] Log opened at %s\n", pid, XG_LIB(log_open_timestring));
                fflush(XG_LIB(log_file));
                xdfree(XG_LIB(log_open_timestring));
                XG_LIB(log_open_timestring) = NULL;
        }

        fprintf(
                XG_LIB(log_file),
                "[" ZEND_ULONG_FMT "] %s%s%s\n",
                pid,
                xdebug_channel_name[channel],
                xdebug_log_prefix[log_level],
                message
        );

        fflush(XG_LIB(log_file));
}

A: This ended up being pretty simple.
All I had to do was change gmtime to localtime and now all outputs are in my system time instead of UTC.
(Also, of course, had to compile Xdebug from my modified source.)
/* src/lib/timing.c line 196 */
char* xdebug_nanotime_to_chars(uint64_t nanotime, unsigned char precision)
{
        char *res;
        time_t secs;

        secs = (time_t)(nanotime / NANOS_IN_SEC);
        if (precision > 0) {
                res = xdmalloc(30);
        } else {
                res = xdmalloc(20);
        }
        /* strftime(res, 20, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", gmtime(&secs)); */ right here!
        strftime(res, 20, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", localtime(&secs));
        if (precision > 0) {
                sprintf(res + 19, ".%09u", (uint32_t)(nanotime % NANOS_IN_SEC));
                if (precision < 9) {
                        *(res + 20 + precision) = '\0';
                }
        }
        return res;
}

Outputs now match my current timezone, where it is just before 5pm:
[12122] Log opened at 2020-12-31 16:50:29.447626
[12122] Log closed at 2020-12-31 16:50:29.780099

I suppose I could add the timezone identifier to the end of the line if I wanted to make it absolutely clear. I'll edit my answer if I do that.
EDIT: I added the timezone identifier. I created a new function to be used in the log opening and closing functions.
/* src/lib/log.c */
const char* custom_get_tz() /* placed near top of file */
{
        time_t t = time(NULL);
        struct tm lt = {0};
        localtime_r(&t, &lt);
        return lt.tm_zone;
}
.
.
.
 /* around line 63 */
static inline void xdebug_internal_log(int channel, int log_level, const char *message)
{
.
.
.
    /* fprintf(XG_LIB(log_file), "[" ZEND_ULONG_FMT "] Log opened at %s\n", pid, XG_LIB(log_open_timestring)); */
    fprintf(XG_LIB(log_file), "[" ZEND_ULONG_FMT "] Log opened at %s %s\n", pid, XG_LIB(log_open_timestring), custom_get_tz());
.
.
.
}
.
.
.
/* around line 610 */
void xdebug_close_log()
{
.
.
.
    /* fprintf(XG_LIB(log_file), "[" ZEND_ULONG_FMT "] Log closed at %s\n\n", pid, timestr); */
    fprintf(XG_LIB(log_file), "[" ZEND_ULONG_FMT "] Log closed at %s %s\n\n", pid, timestr, custom_get_tz());
.
.
.
}

Tested by changing system timezone to America/Goose_Bay and UTC:
[31250] Log opened at 2021-01-02 13:44:07.952185 PST
.
.
.
[31250] Log closed at 2021-01-02 13:44:07.957961 PST

[31252] Log opened at 2021-01-02 17:45:55.684079 AST
.
.
.
[31252] Log closed at 2021-01-02 17:45:55.687655 AST

[31254] Log opened at 2021-01-02 21:47:18.788958 UTC
.
.
.
[31254] Log closed at 2021-01-02 21:47:18.792282 UTC


text:
Colorado learned the danger of glamorizing shooters. Does lionizing student heroes also carry risks?
After two high-profile cases of students fighting back and dying, psychologists warn a shift in school safety could have dangerous ripple effects
5:05 AM MDT on May 30, 2019
A memorial for 18-year-old Kendrick Castillo, who was killed when two of his peers allegedly opened fire in STEM School Highlands Ranch on May 7, 2019, sits in the lawn of the school. Two students are accused in the rampage that also wounded eight students. Castillo and two other students tackled one of the alleged shooters. (John Leyba, Special to The Colorado Sun)
The youngest students learn to help their teacher barricade a door. Middle-schoolers work on how to join forces to pin a gunman to the ground during a struggle, to spread their body weight, like wrestlers, across an arm or a leg.
And in high school, training in how to fight off an active shooter includes a lesson in firearms — how to recognize an opportunity to get away or fight back when a shooter is reloading his weapon.
The student trainings, including one planned near Denver this summer, mark a new era in school safety, a shift beyond the "shelter-in-place" and even the "hide, run, fight" drills that are common at schools across the country. The message — reinforced in the past month by the national praise for two students killed while taking down school shooters — is that sometimes kids have to take matters into their own hands.
But while young victims are publicly celebrated, child psychologists are raising alarms. They caution against glamorizing young people's deaths like cartoon superheroes and worry about the risks involved in training students to confront a shooter.
Still, the trainings are taking hold.
Make more journalism like this possible with a Colorado Sun membership, starting at just $5 a month.
Joe Deedon, who was among the SWAT officers who stormed Platte Canyon High School in 2006 as a gunman shot 16-year-old Emily Keyes and held others hostage, began receiving requests to expand his active-shooter training to students last year after the school shooting in Parkland, Florida. He had trained teachers and school staff for years and now has adapted the curriculum for kids.
Following the May 7 shooting at STEM School Highlands Ranch, where three teenage boys reportedly lunged at a classroom shooter and pinned him to the floor, the inquiries to Deedon's company picked up again.
So far, Deedon has trained students at school districts in Wyoming and Arizona. No Colorado districts have hired him yet for student training, but Deedon believes there is enough interest among parents and young people in this state that he has scheduled a July open-enrollment student training in north Denver.
"We are definitely getting ready to open the floodgates on student training," said Deedon, founder of TAC*ONE Consulting, named after the radio lingo for SWAT leader.
The body of Kendrick Castillo was accompanied to a public memorial on May 15, 2019, by law enforcement and first responders. (John Leyba, Special to The Colorado Sun)
Many school districts in Colorado are too "timid" or "tentative" to hire him to train students, said Deedon, who as a Jefferson County sheriff's deputy was also among the first on scene in 2010 after a man opened fire on kids outside Deer Creek Middle School in Littleton.
"They are worried about a company coming in and traumatizing them," he said. "It's not traumatizing at all."
He's seen more interest from rural areas and charter schools.
Deedon said he doesn't encourage kids to put their lives on the line, but he does teach them how to survive a worst-case scenario at school — or at the mall or a movie theater or Walmart, for that matter, he said.
"We're not telling people to go be heroes and lose their lives," he said. "Every kid is not going to have it in him. Not every staff member is going to have it in them. We are just providing a kid options and knowledge.
"Just because somebody has a firearm doesn't mean we all have to die."
In Highlands Ranch this month, high school senior Kendrick Castillo was shot to death as he tackled a fellow student wielding a handgun, according to classmates' accounts. Eight other students were wounded that day — three days before Castillo, 18, would have graduated from high school.
One week earlier, 21-year-old college student Riley Howell was hailed as a hero after he died throwing himself on a shooter at the University of North Carolina Charlotte. The public reaction to both deaths — an outpouring of post-mortem accolades, the young men's photos turned into social media memes, the word "hero" used repeatedly on the national news — caused a "sense of real alarm" at the National Association of School Psychologists.
The headlines were "almost glamorizing what was a horrible tragedy," said Katherine Cowan, the association's liaison for school safety and crisis work. "It's done with the best of intentions, but it's dangerous for kids."
The same words that help heal a community and bring meaning to what seems a senseless death also make child psychologists cringe.
"There is a real nuance to any communication around this," Cowan said. "We understand that there is a fine line between recognizing and honoring individuals who die in circumstances like this and how painful it is. But just because it's a fine line doesn't mean we don't have to recognize it and pay attention to it."
The signs planted on front lawns and near business marquees throughout Highlands Ranch require no explanation. Everyone knows his name.
"Thank you Kendrick," they say.
Signs memorializing Kendrick Castillo, who was killed when two of his peers allegedly opened fire in their school, have been planted in lawns of homes near STEM School Highlands Ranch. The signs pay tribute to Castillo's bravery, and also to the teachers and first responders who helped subdue the alleged shooters. Eight other students were wounded in the attack. (John Leyba, Special to The Colorado Sun)
At his public memorial, the 18-year-old was called a hero over and over. People held signs proclaiming it as they lined the streets to watch the hearse carrying Castillo's body pass by in the first-ever Douglas County law enforcement procession for a civilian. At the entrance to the church, robots from the boy's robotics team held up a banner: "A Hero 4 Heroes."
And during the memorial, the Bible verse John 3:16 — about Jesus Christ — was a theme. "For God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son …" Because Castillo, son of John and Maria Castillo, was an only child, too.
"Kendrick was their only son, and he sacrificed his life for us," said the Rev. Kevin S. Cho, who spoke during the memorial.
The media learned its lesson after two decades of school shootings and other mass murders. Focus on the victims. Make them famous, not the shooters. It took the Columbine High School murders in 1999 and, still, the Aurora theater shooting in 2012 for that standard to come into widespread use. And when 17-year-old Claire Davis was shot and killed in 2013 by a classmate at Arapahoe High School in Littleton, the community promised never to forget her name. And it hasn't.
So it wasn't shocking when Castillo's name was trumpeted nationwide and the names of the accused shooters, both fellow students at STEM, were rarely mentioned. "Remember his name," said the Facebook and Twitter posts featuring a photo of the senior with dark hair and a flannel shirt, a cheerful kid who went elk hunting with his dad and grandfather, spent hours in a robotics lab and volunteered through his church. Some have called for naming STEM School after him.
"Honor the hero, not the killers," said a social media post that circulated for weeks. Too much attention paid to previous school shooters contributed to copycat killings. Does glamorizing child heroes also have consequences?
MORE: The school at the center of Colorado's latest mass shooting is a refuge for gifted, tech-savvy kids who sometimes didn't fit in elsewhere
"We were encouraging copycats. Now aren't we encouraging heroic behavior?" said Dr. Steven Berkowitz, a child psychologist at the CU Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora.
Castillo and Howell at UNC Charlotte were young adults, but Berkowitz is concerned about the message received by young kids growing up in the lockdown generation.
"These individuals were heroic, and there is nothing to take away from that," he said. "That is not the question at hand. The question at hand is the unintentional message we are giving to kids that if they don't rush a shooter and put their lives on the line, they are not doing what they are supposed to do. They won't get the attention. They won't get acknowledged. They won't get the accolades."
A memorial to Kendrick Castillo, who was killed when two of his peers allegedly opened fire in STEM School Highlands Ranch, sits in the lawn of the school. Two students are accused in the shooting that also left eight students wounded. (John Leyba, Special to The Colorado Sun)
There are other ways to become a hero, Berkowitz said: "Live. Live, and maybe you will be one of the people who figures out how to stop this from happening."
"The discussion really needs to be that yes, these kids did something really extraordinary but that doesn't mean it was right. These kids were heroes, absolutely. But they did not do what they were taught, and we're not sure if that really is the best thing to do. The first thing you do is run and hide. The last thing you do is fight."
Cowan, with the National Association of School Psychologists, said parents and teachers should remind young children that confronting a shooter is "not required of them."
"The goal is that everybody stays alive," she said. "It's our job as adults to keep you safe."
Mental health professionals also mentioned concern about survivor guilt, particularly among students and teachers who did not spring into action to subdue a shooter and instead hid under a desk or froze in panic.
"It might not show up for a while and won't get covered by the media," Cowan said. "The initial rush of reaction is very public. The recovery is private."
MORE: This is not Parkland: Douglas County, divided on guns but eager to prevent another school shooting, tries to find its voice
Deer Creek Middle School math teacher Dr. David Benke recognized the gunman's bolt-action rifle and knew he had time to tackle him before he could reload. The story made national news nine years ago — the math teacher wrestling the shooter to the ground and an assistant principal grabbing the weapon.
Two students were shot and wounded that day in Littleton, but no one died.
For Deedon, who arrived in his patrol car minutes later, the key part of the story is that Benke likely saved lives because he knew something about the hunting rifle the gunman carried.
"For some people that is like speaking Mandarin Chinese," said Deedon, who has done active-shooter trainings from coast to coast and found wide disparity in knowledge of firearms.
"If you go to Wyoming, everyone knows what I'm talking about," he said. "If I go to Connecticut, New York, …. not many grew up around firearms and training. Some of these people don't have any clue."
He calls it the 80-20 rule, as in 80 percent of people in some Western states will raise their hand when he asks if they know what a bolt-action rifle is, while it's only about 20 percent in some urban areas and Eastern states.
Joe Deedon, founder of TAC*ONE Consulting, teaches students in Wyoming how to defend themselves in an active-shooter situation. Middle-schoolers are trained to assist a teacher struggling with a gunman only if the teacher asks for help. (Provided by TAC*ONE)
Besides firearm basics, a major part of Deedon's high school curriculum is teaching teens how to think under stress and not always wait for an adult to tell them what to do. In the Parkland shooting, a group of students he believes had time to escape instead huddled in a hallway until they were shot, he said.
Chris Mailliard, owner of Thornton-based Response Ready, also focuses on thinking under extreme stress as he coaches school staff and individuals who sign up for his courses on active threat and "casualty care." His courses teach the science behind "fight or flight," when a person's sympathetic nervous system is activated by stress.
"You have tunnel vision. Fine motor skills don't work so well. Auditory exclusion," meaning people don't hear certain sounds, he said.
A former firefighter and tactical paramedic for West Metro Fire Rescue, Mailliard teaches school staff and others how to apply a tourniquet to a bleeding limb, wrap combat gauze to slow bleeding, and stick a seal over a gunshot or stab wound to the chest. The chest seal is an extremely sticky patch with a one-way valve that allows air to escape but not to enter the wound.
MORE: Will Colorado follow other states in enacting a gun-storage law after the STEM School shooting? Those conversations are happening
Some school districts in Colorado already have "trauma kits" containing those supplies or are ordering them this summer, Mailliard said.
Heroes, he said, are "people who do what needs to be done when it needs to be done, regardless of the consequences." That includes Castillo, he said. And while Mailliard said long-term solutions to school violence are important, people should not underestimate the importance of training and preparing for the worst day.
"You can't ignore the preparedness and response piece — ever," he said. "Just because you want to mitigate it — you can talk guns, you can talk mental health — you still are always going to have to do the preparedness and response. People have been reluctant to do that because of the fear that comes with it.
"Let's not be paranoid. Let's be aware."
Columbine High School shootingDeer Creek Middle SchoolEmily KeyesKendrick Castillo


One of the most interesting trips in the north part of Crete, just a few minutes away from Chania town in west Crete. This trip is customized each time based on group experience. If the group has no or limited experience with sea kayaks it will be a shorter distance (about 15 km) in a less exposed coastline.
Experienced paddlers will be able to do a linear trip starting from Kalyves and ending in Georgioupoli village (27 km). Most of the times this is a downwind paddle. To join the longer trip your skills need to be at 3* level (based on British Canoeing) or higher as it is getting fairly rough outside the Souda bay and cape Drapano.
There will be a short introduction to paddling for those that have no experience and afterwards we will start paddling towards cape Drapano. On our way we will make stops for both; swimming and snorkeling.
If the group is experienced any we end up doing the long version (27 km) of the trip, then less stops will be done in order to be on time back.
The close we get to the cape the higher and nicer the cliffs are. You need to pack your lunch for this day trip as there will be no taverna's during the paddle.
Check out the following link for the exact meeting point, it is just next to the main beach in Kalyves. There is a big parking (free access) by the sea.
We pick up clients from Heraklion and near Rethymno. Many times we are able to pick up clients from other locations as well but it needs to be on our way to the starting point. If you need transport and you are not sure get in touch with us. Remember to send us the exact location of your hotel, not just the name. Transport is provided for free. From Chania we don't provide transport, you will need to get either by bus or taxi.


A transgender McDonald's employee filed a lawsuit against the company claiming to be a victim of repeated instances of discriminatory behavior by colleagues.
Joselyn Kelly, who was hired by McDonald's this year to work as a supervisor overseeing multiple McDonald's locations in Mississippi, claimed staffers acted in a discriminatory way after Kelly told McDonald's franchise owners Elizabeth and Andrew Smith about being transgender, according to documents obtained by the Clarion-Ledger.
Assigning menial tasks to her that were only done by entry-level employees.
The suit claimed that Kelly was "forced to resign" over the traumatizing actions of the other employees. Kelly then filed a discrimination charge against the Smiths with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).
The EEOC then followed up with Kelly, informing the McDonald's employee of the right to sue the company. Kelly subsequently filed the suit on March 29 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi.
The suit stated that Kelly is looking for McDonald's to pay compensatory damages, attorney's fees, and other monetary damages that the court recommends.
It is unclear whether the Smiths have filed a countersuit.


text:
Q: How can I use a pre-trained neural network with grayscale images? I have a dataset containing grayscale images and I want to train a state-of-the-art CNN on them. I'd very much like to fine-tune a pre-trained model (like the ones here).
The problem is that almost all models I can find the weights for have been trained on the ImageNet dataset, which contains RGB images.
I can't use one of those models because their input layer expects a batch of shape (batch_size, height, width, 3) or (64, 224, 224, 3) in my case, but my images batches are (64, 224, 224).
Is there any way that I can use one of those models? I've thought of dropping the input layer after I've loaded the weights and adding my own (like we do for the top layers). Is this approach correct?

A: The model's architecture cannot be changed because the weights have been trained for a specific input configuration. Replacing the first layer with your own would pretty much render the rest of the weights useless.
-- Edit: elaboration suggested by Prune--
CNNs are built so that as they go deeper, they can extract high-level features derived from the lower-level features that the previous layers extracted. By removing the initial layers of a CNN, you are destroying that hierarchy of features because the subsequent layers won't receive the features that they are supposed to as their input. In your case the second layer has been trained to expect the features of the first layer. By replacing your first layer with random weights, you are essentially throwing away any training that has been done on the subsequent layers, as they would need to be retrained. I doubt that they could retain any of the knowledge learned during the initial training.
--- end edit ---
There is an easy way, though, which you can make your model work with grayscale images. You just need to make the image to appear to be RGB. The easiest way to do so is to repeat the image array 3 times on a new dimension. Because you will have the same image over all 3 channels, the performance of the model should be the same as it was on RGB images.
In numpy this can be easily done like this:
print(grayscale_batch.shape)  # (64, 224, 224)
rgb_batch = np.repeat(grayscale_batch[..., np.newaxis], 3, -1)
print(rgb_batch.shape)  # (64, 224, 224, 3)

The way this works is that it first creates a new dimension (to place the channels) and then it repeats the existing array 3 times on this new dimension.
I'm also pretty sure that keras' ImageDataGenerator can load grayscale images as RGB.

A: Why not try to convert a grayscale image to a fake "RGB" image?
tf.image.grayscale_to_rgb(
    images,
    name=None
)

A: Dropping the input layer will not work out. This will cause that the all following layers will suffer.
What you can do is Concatenate 3 black and white images together to expand your color dimension.
img_input = tf.keras.layers.Input(shape=(img_size_target, img_size_target,1))
img_conc = tf.keras.layers.Concatenate()([img_input, img_input, img_input])

model = ResNet50(include_top=True, weights='imagenet', input_tensor=img_conc)

A: Converting grayscale images to RGB as per the currently accepted answer is one approach to this problem, but not the most efficient. You most certainly can modify the weights of the model's first convolutional layer and achieve the stated goal. The modified model will both work out of the box (with reduced accuracy) and be finetunable. Modifying the weights of the first layer does not render the rest of the weights useless as suggested by others.
To do this, you'll have to add some code where the pretrained weights are loaded. In your framework of choice, you need to figure out how to grab the weights of the first convolutional layer in your network and modify them before assigning to your 1-channel model. The required modification is to sum the weight tensor over the dimension of the input channels. The way the weights tensor is organized varies from framework to framework. The PyTorch default is [out_channels, in_channels, kernel_height, kernel_width]. In Tensorflow I believe it is [kernel_height, kernel_width, in_channels, out_channels].
Using PyTorch as an example, in a ResNet50 model from Torchvision (https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/master/torchvision/models/resnet.py), the shape of the weights for conv1 is [64, 3, 7, 7]. Summing over dimension 1 results in a tensor of shape [64, 1, 7, 7]. At the bottom I've included a snippet of code that would work with the ResNet models in Torchvision assuming that an argument (inchans) was added to specify a different number of input channels for the model.
To prove this works I did three runs of ImageNet validation on ResNet50 with pretrained weights. There is a slight difference in the numbers for run 2 & 3, but it's minimal and should be irrelevant once finetuned.

*

*Unmodified ResNet50 w/ RGB Images : Prec @1: 75.6, Prec @5: 92.8

*Unmodified ResNet50 w/ 3-chan Grayscale Images: Prec @1: 64.6, Prec @5: 86.4

*Modified 1-chan ResNet50 w/ 1-chan Grayscale Images: Prec @1: 63.8, Prec @5: 86.1

def _load_pretrained(model, url, inchans=3):
    state_dict = model_zoo.load_url(url)
    if inchans == 1:
        conv1_weight = state_dict['conv1.weight']
        state_dict['conv1.weight'] = conv1_weight.sum(dim=1, keepdim=True)
    elif inchans != 3:
        assert False, "Invalid number of inchans for pretrained weights"
    model.load_state_dict(state_dict)

def resnet50(pretrained=False, inchans=3):
    """Constructs a ResNet-50 model.
    Args:
        pretrained (bool): If True, returns a model pre-trained on ImageNet
    """
    model = ResNet(Bottleneck, [3, 4, 6, 3], inchans=inchans)
    if pretrained:
        _load_pretrained(model, model_urls['resnet50'], inchans=inchans)
    return model

A: I faced the same problem while working with VGG16 along with gray-scale images. I solved this problem like follows:
Let's say our training images are in train_gray_images, each row containing the unrolled gray scale image intensities. So if we directly pass it to fit function it will create an error as the fit function is expecting a 3 channel (RGB) image data-set instead of gray-scale data set. So before passing to fit function do the following:
Create a dummy RGB image data set just like the gray scale data set with the same shape (here dummy_RGB_image). The only difference is here we are using the number of the channel is 3.
dummy_RGB_images = np.ndarray(shape=(train_gray_images.shape[0], train_gray_images.shape[1], train_gray_images.shape[2], 3), dtype= np.uint8)

Therefore just copy the whole data-set 3 times to each of the channels of the "dummy_RGB_images". (Here the dimensions are [no_of_examples, height, width, channel])
dummy_RGB_images[:, :, :, 0] = train_gray_images[:, :, :, 0]
dummy_RGB_images[:, :, :, 1] = train_gray_images[:, :, :, 0]
dummy_RGB_images[:, :, :, 2] = train_gray_images[:, :, :, 0]

Finally pass the dummy_RGB_images instead of the gray scale data-set, like:
model.fit(dummy_RGB_images,...)

A: A simple way to do this is to add a convolution layer before the base model and then feed the output to the base model. Like this:
from keras.models import Model
from keras.layers import Input

resnet = Resnet50(weights='imagenet',include_top= 'TRUE')

input_tensor = Input(shape=(IMG_SIZE,IMG_SIZE,1) )
x = Conv2D(3,(3,3),padding='same')(input_tensor)    # x has a dimension of (IMG_SIZE,IMG_SIZE,3)
out = resnet (x)

model = Model(inputs=input_tensor,outputs=out)

A: numpy's depth-stack function, np.dstack((img, img, img)) is a natural way to go.

A: If you're already using scikit-image, you can get the desired result by using gray2RGB.
from skimage.color import gray2rgb
rgb_img = gray2rgb(gray_img)

A: I believe you can use a pretrained resnet with 1 channel gray scale images without repeating 3 times the image.
What I have done is to replace the first layer (this is pythorch not keras, but the idea might be similar):
(conv1): Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=(7, 7), stride=(2, 2), padding=(3, 3), bias=False)

With the following layer:
(conv1): Conv2d(1, 64, kernel_size=(7, 7), stride=(2, 2), padding=(3, 3), bias=False)

And then copy the sum (in the channel axis) of the weights to the new layer, for example, the shape of the original weights was:
torch.Size([64, 3, 7, 7])

So I did:
resnet18.conv1.weight.data = resnet18.conv1.weight.data.sum(axis=1).reshape(64, 1, 7, 7)

And then check that the output of the new model is the same than the output with the gray scale image:
y_1 = model_resnet_1(input_image_1)
y_3 = model_resnet_3(input_image_3)
print(torch.abs(y_1).sum(), torch.abs(y_3).sum())
(tensor(710.8860, grad_fn=<SumBackward0>),
 tensor(710.8861, grad_fn=<SumBackward0>))

input_image_1: one channel image
input_image_3: 3 channel image (gray scale - all channels equal)
model_resnet_1: modified model
model_resnet_3: Original resnet model

A: It's really easy !
example for 'resnet50':
before do it you should have :
resnet_50= torchvision.models.resnet50()
print(resnet_50.conv1)

Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=(7, 7), stride=(2, 2), padding=(3, 3),
bias=False)

Just do this !
resnet_50.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 64, kernel_size=(7, 7), stride=(2, 2), padding=(3, 3), bias=False)

the final step is to update state_dict.
resnet_50.state_dict()['conv1.weight'] = resnet_50.state_dict()['conv1.weight'].sum(dim=1, keepdim=True)

so if run as follow :
print(resnet_50.conv1)

results would be :

Conv2d(1, 64, kernel_size=(7, 7), stride=(2, 2), padding=(3,
3), bias=False)

As you see input channel is for the grayscale images.

A: what I did is to just simply expand grayscales into RGB images by using the following transform stage:
import torchvision as tv
tv.transforms.Compose([
    tv.transforms.ToTensor(),
    tv.transforms.Lambda(lambda x: x.broadcast_to(3, x.shape[1], x.shape[2])),
])

A: When you add the Resnet to model, you should input the input_shape in Resnet definition like

model = ResNet50(include_top=True,input_shape=(256,256,1))

.


Great opposition was in the face of Nehemiah as he served as governor to rebuild the temple and city of Jerusalem. Nehemiah is a fascinating book for many reasons, and much has been written and spoken of Nehemiah's leadership ability. This seven-part series takes a closer look at what Nehemiah experienced and how his experiences relate to us today as the remnant people of God's last-day church. You will be amazed at the practical applications to be considered as we labor for the Lord.
This presentation delves into the elements needed to be a Godly leader. The first chapter of Nehemiah delineates these elements as well as the benefits of practicing them.. Learn how you can benefit from practicing them as well.
Have you every prayed for a divine appointment? Nehemiah did and what a result! Learn how Nehemiah prayed, and how your ministry can be enhanced as well.
From Nehemiah's actions, we clearly see what to expect and how to respond as we labor daily for the Lord.
This presentation will bring into sharp flocus the opposition Nehemiah faced as he rebuilt the old ruins while dealing with opposition. Discover how his example provides insights and encouragement as we encounter similar challenges in our work for the Lord.
Consider how Nehemiah had church-life issues with which to deal as well as the work of rebuilding. You will be challenged and inspired to hold the standard high that God calls us to do.
Have you ever been tempted to slack off when nearing the end of a conclusion? If you have, here is a biblical wake-up call revealing how our mission and message is very much hated by the enemy, and at what length he goes to divert us!
Are you inspired by faithful, honest role models? This final presentation will do just that. Upon his return from a brief absence, learn how Nehemiah took over where he left off, and so should we!
Pastor Neri is currently Senior Pastor of the Paradise Valley Seventh-day Adventist Church in Las Vegas, Nevada. His passion is prayer, and he loves to teach people how to connect with Jesus in a real and personal way. As a convert to Adventism at the age of 26, he also loves to reaffirm the "pillars" and to show their validity for the day in which we are living and serves as an Associate Speaker for American Christian Ministries. Pastor Neri's family includes his lovely wife Jennie and their two sons, Roland and Samuel.


The PLUG mailing list boasts of one of the most active mailings lists around, with lots of helping members, who are always ready to help you regarding your queries. The member base of PLUG mailing list is around 1000+ out of which most of the subscribers/members are form Pune, and many from nearby cities like Mumbai, Satara, Sholapur, Nasik etc. We also have members form all over India and some other countries also.
PLEASE NOTE: The PLUG mailing list is unmoderated. Mails sent to the list are the views of the poster. PLUG does not take any responsibility for any consequences arising out of such mails. PLUG should not be held responsible for any misuse of such mails.
The post should be related to using, trouble-shooting, bug-fixing, programming, or propaganda of GNU/Linux Operating System. Comparison of features within distributions, or with other operating systems is allowed, but please restrain from extremes.
Commercial postings and Job Offerings clearly related to Linux are allowed, provided they have a "[COMMERCIAL]" tag in the subject line of the mail.
Please read the documentation files such as README, INSTALL that come with the software.
Search in the mailing list archives on the website.
Search on the web (http://www.google.com) for your problem.
If the above steps do not help you out you can proceed to posting your query on the list.
Use Plain TEXT for messages. HTML mails will be rejected.
Mail size should be a maximum of 5 Kilo Bytes. Mails above 5KB will be rejected.
Top posting to the replies is discouraged.
Write a pertinent subject title to your mail.
Attach an appropriate tag such as "[COMMERCIAL]" for commercial posts, "[OT]" for off-topic posts, at the start of subject line.
Do NOT reply to a received post for posting a new query.
Read all your mails before replying. Someone may already have answered to the mail.
File Attachments are discouraged. Please upload your file to any of the free homepage sites and send the URL to the list.
When posting about an article on the web, send the URL to the article rather than pasting it in the post. Use a suitable subject line related to the article.
Keep your signature file to a line or two maximum.
If your office server attaches a disclaimer (or a similar message) to every mail sent, please use any other e-mail address to post to the list.
Save bandwidth. Snip off parts of the mail which are not relevant to your reply.
Do NOT discuss illegal activities such as cracking. The concerned subscriber(s) may be banned.
Do NOT post (un)subscribe posts to the list. This mail contains the instructions for the same.
Use a polite tone. Do NOT get personal.
Its prudent not to respond to flame baits on the list.
Avoid using short forms such as "ur" for "your". Use clear and understandable English. Acronyms such as BTW, IMHO, can be used, but sparingly.
To highlight a word, enclose it in "quotes" or use *Asterisks* or _UnderScore_'s around it. Avoid CAPITALIZING the entire word.
Please report back your success/failure in tackling the problem you posted to the list.
Few keywords are used as filters to avoid junk/spam etc. Do not send mails again and again if you mails are being held. Wait for a day or two list admin, will do the needed.
List member not following the guidelines/rules, will be put into moderation. The moderation period is typically one month (or less if your conduct is found satisfactory). Please remind us after a month to remove your moderation.


text:
Q: Eclipse is not opening I'm new to java and eclipse. I even saw this type of query on this website. But I have applied all those methods and it was also helpful. But when I try to open eclipse, it is not opening:
This is my path for java

C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jre6

this is where my eclipse is

C:\Users\New folder\eclipse

But when I run the eclipse I'm getting an error

"A java rumtime environment(JRE) or java development kit(JDK) must be
  available in order to run eclipse. No java virtual machine was found
  after searching the following location: C:\Users\New
  folder\eclipse\jre\bin\javaw.exe javaw.exe in your current path"

Please tell me the possible solution.
Thanks in advance!

A: If you have installed jdk then Eclipse won't have any issue to start. I think you just have installed JRE to run java programs. You need to install JDK.
To check whether you have installed JDK. Check Path C:\Program Files (x86)\Java. Your Java directory should contain directory jdk1.6.., If you don't have this directory there, search it at other places. If you did not find directory then you didn't install JDK.
Download JDK from here.

A: You should set JAVA_HOME and JRE_HOME variable. http://www.javawebonline.com/java-se-programming/beginners/java_home-jre_home-environment-variables/
And another suggestion is you should move your java home to another location and test your path to java such as

C:\Java\jre6

instead of

C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jre6.

A: Go to C:\Users\New folder\eclipse
Open eclipse.ini file with text editor and add the javaw location there
( right after -vm part ) like so:
-vm
C:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_33/bin/javaw.exe <--- change to your path
-vmargs

A: Open the command prompt by pressing Windows+r, type cmd and press Enter.
Type javac and check the output.
If it gives all the options and usage, then you have configured the PATH vairables correctly, or else you have not set them up correctly.
Try it by checking the value at the command prompt.
NOTE
You need to open a new command prompt each time you change the environment variables.

A: If you have two Program Files folder in your C: drive
such as
C:\Program Files

C:\Program Files (x86)

then try to put your java inside
C:\Program Files

instead of C:\Program Files (x86)

A: It seems you are running 64 bit eclipse in 64 bit operating system. If you are running 64 bit eclipse then you need 64 bit JDK. Please install 64 bit JDK and run eclipse.


Cyberfunk proudly presents: CFNK005:Simple Technique - Superfuture EP Since the inception of Cyberfunk one artist in particular has really taken on the core values and ethos of the label and has been working extensively with us. After his debut release on Cyberfunk "Cold Steppin" gained heavy rotation on the dnb circuit from some of the scenes heavyweights. We gave Bournemouth based duo Ulterior Motive a chance to remix "Cold Steppin" and released it as part of our first ever Remix EP - Remixed Vol1. This dominated the charts for several weeks in a row. Other than the aforementioned, the West London based producer has kept mostly quite bar one release - "Gorilla" which was part of the first in a series of various artist LP's from us: VA:LP-001 This EP has been in the works for quite some time, with some parts taking in excess of 3 years! (Yes we know but he's worth the wait we promise) this is a project we have been working on closely with Freddie and although he has kept us waiting we are happy to be releasing such a diverse and unique EP from an equally diverse and unique beard, sorry... - artist! Excuse me. (You'll see what I mean...) We feel this is the truest and purest representation of Simple Technique as an artist. With a strong mix of tempos and styles all of which have been filtered through his unique outlook on music and rave culture. From bass house to Drum and bass to hiphop and trap influences with beautiful soundscapes in-between. This EP has flavours from all over and the raw signature sound that our fans have come to expect from a Simple Technique set. We hope you enjoy the music. <3 If you are feeling it, please let us know If you hate the music please still let us know so we can further promo the EP.


There is a free edition of Wake On LAN Ex that is available for use; it is restricted in specific ways.
Please see the Edition Comparisons page for a comparison between the different versions.
Wake On LAN Ex is currently only available as an installer; a portable version may be released at a later date.
To use Wake On LAN Ex, you will need to meet or exceed the following minimum requirements.
A Windows operating system that is Windows 7 with at least Service Pack 1 or higher is required. This is an indirect Wake On LAN Ex requirement; version 4.7.2 of the Microsoft .NET framework requires at least this version of the OS.
Wake On LAN Ex has been built on the .NET framework, specifically version 4.7.2 (click here to download). Please note that the Full version of the framework is required, and not just the Client version that is shipped with some Windows-equipped PCs.


Slimcleaner Plus 4.1 Crack is the powerful and advanced cleaner that is uploaded on this website for free and full download. It is a famous software that is released just a few days ago. It scans the whole PC and finds unnecessary and harmful materials in your PC and eliminates them within a few seconds. By eliminating all the junk data it boosts your computer performance. This application comes with the interface that is very simple, beautiful and attractive. It added the bundle of functions that you can explore. So, the application makes clean your system by removing the unwanted or log files, some of memory dump files that may be remained open, Recycle Bin. This is the perfect tool to improve your PC performance.
With the help of its interface, you can delete the different applications that are duplicate or useless and all of those services that automatically run at Windows startup. The latest version of Slimware Slimcleaner Plus Serial Key uninstalls the programs running in the background by utilizing the premium search function for free. Furthermore, it modifies the homepage of browsers as well as creates the log file on the windows startup, toolbar, and BHO and ActiveX information. In the easy manners, you can observes the disk summary, and cleans the hard disk from unwanted materials and creates more space for the storage. Slimcleaner Plus Crack results in the system performance at the top level with fast working speed.
It makes easy access to the different windows tools, including the Control Panel, Device Manager, User Accounts and System Restore etc. Slimcleaner Plus Keys 2019 can be run on a temperate quantity of system resources. It permits you to scans the system and creates the backup for the registry, and its interface provides the full guideline for the documentation online by providing the screenshot. It has all the best features to protect, clean and boost the PC in all the best way.
What's New In SlimCleaner4.1 Cracked?
The new version has many improved features with the latest detection updates.
Slimcleaner Plus 2019 has improved scanning.
Advanced tools to clean the infected files.
Latest and intuitive UI for the user a good experience.
It has a One-click scanning mode.
Manually clean system and make it perform fast for the execution of jobs.
It included the mode for boost Performance.
Also, it has the Power organization mode.
Remove the Unwanted startup items quickly.
Optimize startup items with a fast procedure.
It smoothly works on Windows 10, 8.1, 8, 7 Windows Vista and XP 32-64 bit.
Ram 1-GB or more for speedy performance.
How to Crack & Install Slimcleaner Plus?
Go to the downloading source for the Crack.
Now install and run the Slimcleaner Plus trial version.
After that, run the crack.
Restart Smlimcleaner and enjoy full version.
In short, the SlimCleaner Plus 4.1 Serial Key is one of the best computer maintenance tools. There is a range of PC cleaner tools are available in the market or on the internet but SlimCleaner Plus is the latest with powerful tools and features which is very advance among all of them that helps you to clean the system quickly by eliminating the junk and unnecessary files on your operating system. Additionally, you don't have to need any extra expertise to use it. simply download it from this website, when the process of downloading is complete then it automatically starts to works in the background to observe the harmful or unwanted files, apps and provides the entire list on your system. Its Disk Wiper tool gives you a dynamic solution for eliminating the multifaceted data permanently from your PC without any loss of important data.


Business Type : Wholesale Suppliers. Address : No. 983 ... industrial products, vertical shaft impact crusher ... Business Type : Wholesale Suppliers. Address : Chiplun.
962,539 live jobs. Search job sites, associations and company career pages.
No action: Electronic manufacturers yet to set up waste ... ore dust from West Singhbhum's mines and crusher ... at the Lote Parshuram industrial area in Chiplun.
OSS cash card is prepaid cash card introduced as a secured payment instrument by One Stop Shop to make our customer payments easier and risk free.
Jewria India offers cheap rail tickets, flights, bus tickets, mobile recharge, bill payments, money transfer, hotels booking, tour packages deals to Indian users.
a. k. barrel suppliers akb textile engineers a. k. carpets akcelport industries akc garments a. k. chemicals a.k. chemi-dyes enterprises a. k. chowdhury & co.
Tools for People online Search - Find Out The TRUTH About Anyone !
Saraswati Stone Crusher ... Chiplun, Maharashtra, India 415 707: Listing Description ... Listing Description : Manufacturers of pure machinery katha.


Nice family home in great location! Three bedrooms and one bath Large Kitchen with Breakfast Bar. Also has a Living Room Dining Room with a Beautiful Fireplace and a Large Family room presently being used as a fourth bedroom. One car carport and a covered porch in the back yard. Seller says Carrier Central A/C is approx. 4 years Water Heater is approx 2 years old. Storage shed in the back yard provides extra storage. This is a really great location close to the Hospital the Mall, Publix, Restaurants, Melbourne High School etc. Also you can catch the bus at US 1.
This listing is courtesy of Drake Real Estate.


text:
Q: lua trig(pin,"down",pin1cb) questions Being new to lua, I didn't quite understand the trig example in the documentation.  https://nodemcu.readthedocs.io/en/master/en/modules/gpio/#gpiotrig
1) In "trig(pin, "down", pin1cb)", the pin1cb has no arguments, while in function pin1cb has the argument "level".  Why?  and what is "level"?
2) in "trig(pin, level == gpio.HIGH  and "down" or "up")", what's the value of level and where it is set?

A: gpio.trig(pin, [type [, callback_function]]) and callback_function(level) is supposed to mean that callback_function should be a function that will be called with one value as its argument (and in the description and the example, the argument is named 'level').
So
gpio.trig( 5, "both", function( v ) --[[callback code here]]  end )

should be a valid call (I'm naming the argument 'v' instead of 'level' - you can pick any name).
With that, (1) should be clearer:  function pin1cb( level ) … end defines a function that takes one argument, while in trig(pin, "down", pin1cb) this function is passed to trig.  (Functions exist independent of names, you can pass them around, assign them to local or global variables, … so here, the actual function – not the result of calling it or something like that – is passed as an argument.)
And (2): level is whatever gets passed as the argument to pin1cb when it's called.  According to the docs, "The level of the specified pin at the interrupt passed as the parameter to the callback."


Fantastic bargain: high-quality SEA GOD sunglasses sold in a bundle at a fraction of the original wholesale price!
Very high-quality polarized lens, with 100% UV protection, including guarantee and specification sheet in different language.
Sunglasses come with the original elegant SUN GOD box.
At as little as 10 Euro a piece this is an one-of-a-kind bargain!
SEA GOD is one of the fastest-growing sunglasses brands.


text:
\section{Introduction}
Associative networks have long been used to represent units of text and their interconnecting relations \cite{MihalceaR2011}. The symbolic structures that emerge from these representations correspond to graphs, where text constituents are represented as vertices and their interconnecting relations as edges. Graph ranking algorithms, such as the TextRank \cite{MihalceaT04,MihalceaR2011} variant of PageRank, have been used successfully in keyword extraction \cite{MihalceaT04}, classification \cite{HassanMB07} and information retrieval \cite{BlancoL12} to compute term weights from graphs of individual documents, where vertices represent the document's terms, and edges represent term co-occurrence within a fixed window. Using these computations iteratively, the weight of a term can be estimated with respect to the terms that fall in its vicinity and their respective term weights. An underlying assumption in these approaches is that the vicinity of term co-occurrence is fixed for all terms. To our knowledge, there is no theoretical or intuitive basis for this assumption.

Fixed-window term co-occurrence may not be optimal for TextRank term weights. Lexical affinities may span across more words in longer sentences than they do in shorter sentences. Hence, adjusting the co-occurrence window according to the discourse span of the text might be a better choice. Based on this intuition, in this work we look at the effect of dynamically adjusted windows of term co-occurrence upon their resultant TextRank term weights. We experiment with co-occurrence windows that follow the document structure on two levels of granularity: sentences and paragraphs. For each of these, we compute term weights using TextRank, and use them for retrieval using the ranking model of \cite{BlancoL12}, i.e. linearly combined with inverse document frequency (idf). Experiments using these TextRank term weights for re-ranking the top 1000 search results show that sentence-based co-occurrence can outperform fixed-window co-occurrence in terms of early precision.

\section{Co-Occurrence Windows}
\label{s:Motivation}
\subsection{Methodology}
We experiment with two datasets: Reuters RCV1 from TREC 2002 (2.5GB, 50 title-only queries) and INEX 2005 (764MB, 47 content-only queries). We build a separate graph for each document: terms are represented as vertices (initially unweighted), and term co-occurrence within a window is represented as an undirected edge linking the vertices of the co-occurring terms. We use TextRank \cite{MihalceaT04} to compute iteratively the score of each vertex $v_i$:
\begin{equation}
s(v_i) = (1 - \delta) + \delta \times \sum_{j \in V(v_i)} \frac{S(v_j)}{|V(v_j)|}
\end{equation}
\noindent where $s(v_i)$ is the TextRank score of vertex $v_i$, $V(\cdot)$ denotes the set of vertices connecting with a vertex, $|\cdot |$ marks cardinality, and $0\le \delta \le 1$ is a damping factor that integrates into the computation the probability of jumping randomly from one vertex to another. We iterate the formula 200 times, using the default $\delta=0.85$ \cite{MihalceaT04}. The final score of each vertex represents a term weight where the higher the number of different words that a given word co-occurs with, and the higher their weight, the higher the weight of this word. It has been shown that a nonlinear correlation exists between such TextRank term weights and term frequency based term weights \cite{MihalceaR2011}.

We use these term weights to compute the score of a document for a query ($s(d,q)$) according to \cite{BlancoL12}:
\begin{equation}
s(d,q) = \sum_{i \in q} \log idf_i \times \log s(i)
\end{equation}
\noindent where $i$ is a query term, and $s(i)$ is the corresponding TextRank score for vertex $v_i$. No document length normalisation is used. We use Porter's stemmer for the documents and queries.

To compare fixed versus dynamically adjusted windows of term co-occurrence, we use a baseline where the window of term co-occurrence is fixed to the best values reported in the IR literature (albeit for other datasets)\footnote{In non-IR literature, optimal fixed values are: $k=$2,4 for classification \cite{HassanMB07} and $k=$2 for keyword extraction \cite{MihalceaT04}, however these values consistently underperform for IR \cite{BlancoL07,BlancoL12}.}\cite{BlancoL12}: $k=$5 \& 6.  We compare this baseline against term co-occurrence that is dynamically adjusted to the length of each (a) sentence and (b) paragraph\footnote{We treat these elements as paragraphs: \texttt{p} (for RCV1) and \texttt{ilrj, ip1, ip2, ip3, ip4, ip5, item-none, p, p1, p2, p3, Bib, Bm, St} (for INEX).}, separately. The sentence/paragraph term statistics are displayed in Table \ref{tab:stats}. We evaluate this comparison in a re-ranking scenario, where the task is to re-rank an initially retrieved set of 1000 documents. For the INEX collection (where relevance assessments apply to document sections) we consider a document relevant if any of its containing sections is assessed relevant.

\subsection{Findings}
Table \ref{tab:scores} shows different metrics of retrieval performance when using fixed versus sentence- and paragraph-length windows of term co-occurrence. We see that results vary\footnote{Results were not stat. significant when the t-test was used.}. For average precision (NDCG) fixed co-occurrence is best for RCV1, and sentence-based co-occurrence is best for INEX. The reverse happens for precision in the top 10 retrieved documents (P@10): fixed co-occurrence is best for INEX, and sentence-based co-occurrence is best for RCV1. The only consistent trend is in the precision of the single top retrieved document (MRR), which benefits more from dynamically adjusted co-occurrence consistently for both collections. This finding is novel, considering the earlier position of \cite{MihalceaT04} that the larger the window of co-occurrence, the lower the precision. This finding indicates that larger window sizes may lead to gains in precision, if however they are not fixed but rather dynamically adjusted to text units like sentences.

Finally, sentences appear to be an overall better boundary of term co-occurrence than paragraphs, with the exception of NDCG for INEX where paragraph-based co-occurrence slightly outperforms sentence-based co-occurrence (and they both outperform fixed co-occurrence). This could be due to the fact that INEX paragraphs are relatively short and focused content-wise \cite{MalikKLF05}.

\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\resizebox{85mm}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{|l|r|r|r|r|}
\hline
&sent (RCV1)&para (RCV1)&sent (INEX)&para (INEX)\\
\hline
min length&1&1&1&1\\
max length&1731&31696&7920&111136\\
min tokens&1&1&1&1\\
max tokens&250&4662&2447&17379\\
average tokens&19.87&20.35&15.73&58.51\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\caption{Sentence (sent) and paragraph (para) statistics per retrieval dataset.}
\label{tab:stats}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
\resizebox{85mm}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{|l|l||l|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
\multicolumn{8}{|c|}{ Re-ranking top 1000 retrieved documents}\\
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c||}{co-occurrence} &\multicolumn{3}{c|}{RCV1}&\multicolumn{3}{c|}{INEX}\\
\multicolumn{2}{|c||}{window}   &NDCG&MRR&P@10&NDCG&MRR&P@10\\
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{fixed}
&5 terms		&\bf0.5238&0.6736&0.4300	&0.5541&0.6865&\bf0.4750\\
&6 terms	&0.5025&0.6559&0.4280	&0.5540&0.6966&0.4714\\
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{dynamic}
&sentence 	&0.5119 &\bf0.6811 &\bf0.4340 	&0.5543&\bf0.7021&0.4743\\
&paragraph 	&0.5178 &0.6574 &0.4160 	&\bf0.5545&0.6975&0.4714\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\caption{Retrieval performance with TextRank term weights using fixed vs. dynamic co-occurrence windows, on two datasets. Bold font marks best scores.}
\label{tab:scores}
\end{center}
\end{table}

 \section{Conclusion}
\label{s:Conclusion}
We modelled individual documents as separate graphs where vertices represent terms, and co-occurrence relations among terms represent edges. Using the TextRank model of Mihalcea et al. \cite{MihalceaT04,MihalceaR2011} we computed vertex weights corresponding to term weights, which we used for retrieval using the ranking of Blanco et al. \cite{BlancoL07,BlancoL12}. Unlike all these existing approaches where term co-occurrence is fixed to a window of $k$ terms at all times, we reasoned that term co-occurrence should be varied according to sentence or paragraph length. Our motivation was that meaningful term relations may span across more words in longer sentences than they do in shorter sentences, hence fixing term co-occurrence may not be optimal for all terms.

Preliminary experiments in a re-ranking scenario with two retrieval datasets showed that sentence-based co-occurrence can lead to early precision gains over fixed term co-occurrence at 5 and 6 terms, which are optimal values in the IR literature. More experiments with larger datasets and full-ranking (as opposed to re-ranking) documents are needed to investigate the optimal term co-occurrence vicinity. This small-scale work contributes a novel comparison between fixed versus dynamically adjusted co-occurrence windows for TextRank term weights, and the initial finding that sentence-based co-occurrence can improve early precision.

\textbf{Acknowledgments.} We thank Birger Larsen and the anonymous reviewers for useful feedback. Work partially funded by DANIDA (grant no. 10-087721) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 71173164).

\bibliographystyle{abbrv}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
What is UİD-DER?
The Statement by UID-DER on its New Campaign:
Stop low wages! Stop long work hours! Stop outsourcing!
Workers, brothers and sisters!
We are workers, working day and night with elbow grease, producing the whole wealth. Everything stands on our own hands.
We are the ones raising those skyscrapers high, opening tunnels, and digging the bosom of coal mines. Just imagine what would happen when all workers stop working for one day!
And we are the same ones who are left with living in poverty despite labouring so much and exhausting our lives. Why is this so?
7 million workers live on minimum wage in Turkey. And there are other millions living on just a little above the minimum wage.
Why are the workers bringing the whole life into existence are made to work on a minimum wage or just a little above it?
More than 10 million workers have no social insurance. Why?
Not only our wages are low, but work hours are very long and working conditions are appalling. In many workplaces the working day has actually been lengthened to 12, even to 14, hours. Every single one of us does the job of two or three persons.
We are made to work at weekends as well. Lunch breaks and tea breaks are not counted within work hours.
karadon.jpg
Why are work hours so long? Are not we humans? Do not workers have the right to rest more, see their families, spend time with their loved ones, and socialise? Are we machines?
In the old times slave owners did not regard their slaves as humans and called them "speaking machine."
And the bosses who we have become rich and lived in luxury on our backs do not behave differently. In their eyes we, the workers, are creatures not to be attached much importance. For example, the fact that more than 150 workers a month are killed in work accidents is just an insignificant detail for the bosses.
What is important for the bosses is to produce more, exploit the worker to the end and increase the profits. And this ambition for profit, their greed, takes priority.
Brothers/sisters!
Outsourcing is one of the methods employed by owners of capital to lower wages, lengthen working hours, make full-time regular work history and wipe social benefits out.
The system of outsourcing is spreading like a plague.
Outsourcing has become widespread with a vengeance during the period of AKP government. In 2002 when the AKP came to power the number of outsourced workers was around 400.000. Now this number has risen to 2.5 million.
The AKP has amended the Labour Act according to the bosses' taste and made a host of "flexible employment" forms legal, including outsourced working. This way they set free all forms of insecure, irregular and short-term work.
In the past, workers in Turkey had their organisations, and the bosses did not dare to introduce practices such as outsourcing.
But when the unity and organisation of workers were weakened, then the governments and bosses started to attack workers' rights, and introduce the system of outsourcing. They lowered the wages, eliminated regular work and social rights, and lengthened work hours.
Elimination of regular work has inflicted a heavy blow to unions as well.
Outsourcing is a very advantageous system for the bosses. Passing the job to sub-contractors, main employers save themselves from all responsibilities. Consider huge construction companies. They divide the work into parts and pass them to sub-contractors, and when workers are killed in work accidents they simply evade responsibility.
Owners of outsourced companies, who seek to become rich hastily, cut all costs, do not take work safety measures, lower wages and lengthen work hours.
Lack of work safety precautions causes work accidents and deaths that we call "work murders". It is not an accident that there are more deaths at outsourced workplaces.
Outsourcing has a deep impact on all workers. Since outsourcing has become widespread it has had an effect on the labourforce market and generally lowered wages, lengthened work hours, eliminated regular work and social rights. Reduced wages forces us to do overtime work. So, outsourcing is an enemy of all workers.
textil-iscisi.jpg
We, the workers, are becoming slaves while the bosses' capital is growing through outsourcing. We are not obliged to succumb to such working conditions that are at the level of slavery.
Our fighting organisation, UID-DER, tries to unite workers on their own interests and raises the slogan: "Stop low wages! Stop long work hours! Stop outsourcing!"
No bosses can resist workers united and fighting for their rights. Workers united are at ease and hold their heads high. This was so in the past and is so now.
Let's come together and give strength to our campaign, get organised and call out the demands: "Stop low wages! Stop long work hours! Stop outsourcing!"
Outsourcing means work accidents and death! Stop outsourcing!
Increase wages, lower work hours! Jobs for all!
Increase not overtime but wages!
Job security for all workers!
Include all meal and tea breaks in working time!
Lift all obstacles to getting unionised!
...previous
About 1100 construction and petrochemical workers protest outside Iranian regime's 'parliament'
Iran: Over 200 Kooshk miners strike for a fifth day


The Fortunehosue School System (FSS) was established in August 2010 to promote education and in order to develop better citizens of tomorrow.
Setting its own impressive ground, our campus is just at a walking distance away from the NIPA Chowrangi.
Children at the pre-primary level enjoy a variety of classroom activities mainly focusing on developing key skills. Activities such as games and creative thinking projects which encourage them to have a rise in their learning as well as promoting positive attitude and disposition are organized.
Our scope broadens at the middle level, where we encourage curiosity and grow independence with lots of opportunities for problem solving, both practical and theoretical. How can we save energy at FSS and how will we know we have done so? Questions like these challenge and stimulate beyond curriculum boundaries, sometimes answered in presentation to the whole senior school.
Fortunehouse School System is the very place where we are totally dedicated to provide education of a high standard. Students feel proud and confident to be a part of this institution. They learn how to help their personal and social development. We know that for the little ones the world can at times be challenging so we are always there with our friendly words and smile. Every one at Fortunehouse, from Montessori Directress to classroom assistant, makes special efforts to provide pastoral care to every pupil at the pre-primary level.
Both at primary and secondary level, our staff works with full dedication, zeal and spirit to create an atmosphere where all the students feel they are valued, respected and are a proud member of the society.