text:
Check all our newsletters
Current language: lv
EEAS homepage > EEAS > Human Rights & Democracy
Human Rights & Democracy
Policy - Activity
The EU is a firm promoter and defender of human rights and democracy across the world, as well as within its own borders. Human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent. Respect for human rights and democracy is essential for addressing global challenges.
Human rights regulate our day-to-day life. They structure how we live together within a society and aim to protect human dignity at all times. Human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent. Each individual is entitled to human rights. Human rights are always and everywhere applicable, including at times of conflict or crisis. All human rights are equally important to ensure human dignity, whether civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights.
Human rights are at the core of both EU internal and external action and policy. The Lisbon Treaty (article 2 and article 21) stipulates that the Union's action on the international scene shall be guided by the values that have inspired its own foundation.
Human rights and democracy at the core of EU external action
© EU/ECHO
In a shifting geopolitical landscape, the EU has remained a strong defender of human rights. New geopolitical rivalries only serve to underline its role as a reliable and stable partner, and a champion of the rules-based international order. While there have been great leaps forward, the pushback against the universality and indivisibility of human rights and backsliding on democracy must be addressed. New challenges such as digital technologies and climate change are intertwined with human rights and therefore a renewed approach is required.
The EU invests in the empowerment of human rights defenders and civil society that promote and protect human rights. Every year, the EU organises the EU-NGO Human Rights Forum where civil society organisations and human rights defenders share their views on how to strengthen EU external policies on human rights.
The EU Special Representative for Human Rights (EUSR) is mandated to enhance the effectiveness, visibility and coherence of EU's external human rights policies and to bring forward a positive narrative on human rights. Apart from engaging with the UN, the EUSR chairs human rights dialogues with third countries and deepens political cooperation with relevant partners. The EUSR draws attention to urgent human rights violations and promotes compliance with international humanitarian law and support for international criminal justice. While ensuring the integration of human rights in all EU external action, the EUSR plays a central role in guiding the implementation of the EU Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy.
USR Gilmore on a field visit in Qatar, engaging on workers' rights © EU/EUSR
The Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy (2020-2024), the third of its kind, serves to implement the Strategic Framework on Human Rights and Democracy (adopted in 2012), which lays out the key principles, objectives and priorities for EU external policies. The Action Plan is structured around five lines of action:
I Protecting and empowering individuals
II Building resilient, inclusive and democratic societies
III Promoting a global system for human rights and democracy
IV New technologies: Harnessing opportunities and addressing challenges
V Delivering by working together
© EU/ECHO/Jonathan Hyams
The 12 EU Guidelines on Human Rights translate the priorities into concrete tools for EU policy makers, EU Delegations and Member States:
Torture and ill treatment
Freedom of Religion or Belief
Protecting human rights of LGBTI persons
Freedom of expression online and offline
Compliance with International Humanitarian Law
Safe drinking water and sanitation
The EU features a wide variety of instruments for the implementation of its human rights policy. Such tools include public diplomacy, statements and resolutions in multilateral fora, statements and démarches, sanctions, projects and programmes, trial observations and human rights and political dialogue. The EU has launched several targeted campaigns, including the Good Human Rights Stories initiative that promotes a fresh, positive narrative on human rights in the world. The EU seeks to integrate human rights in all its external action, including trade, migration and environmental policies.
Over the years, human rights dialogues have been established with around 60 partner countries throughout the world. They provide a platform for raising human rights concerns, exchange of best practices and strengthening bilateral and multilateral cooperation.
The NDICI programme for human rights and democracy, with a budget of €1.5 billion (2021-2027) is the successor of the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR). It assists partners, notably civil society organisations and other non-governmental stakeholders, in becoming an effective force for the protection and promotion of human rights and fundamental freedoms, democracy and the rule of law worldwide. The programme supports actions at local, national, regional and global level.
The EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime enables the EU to respond even more forcefully to serious human rights violations and abuses worldwide. It will encompass the imposition of travel ban to the EU and asset freeze in the EU.
Key areas of engagement as reflected in the new Action Plan include:
Abolition of the death penalty and fight against torture
The European Union is strongly opposed to the death penalty. The death penalty is cruel and inhuman, a violation of the right to life and does not act as a deterrent to crime. The death penalty is discriminatory: it disproportionally affects minorities, the poor and most vulnerable.
The EU is a leading political actor and the world's largest donor in the fight against the death penalty. Huge progress has been made towards achieving full-world abolition. While in 1960, only 25 countries were abolitionist, today 112 countries have abolished in law and there are no executions over the last 10 years in 162 countries, out of the 193 UN member states. These numbers continue to grow.
In line with the EU Guidelines on Death Penalty, the EU consistently raises the issue in political or human rights dialogues with countries that still use capital punishment. It encourages abolition, alternatively advocates for a moratorium or at the very least to respect international minimum standards. At the multilateral level, a major breakthrough is the adoption since 2007 at the UN General Assembly of resolutions calling for a global moratorium on the death penalty.
The prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment is absolute in international law. The EU's strong commitment to the fight against torture and ill-treatment is enshrined in the European Union Treaties and Charter of Fundamental Rights.
The EU follows a comprehensive approach to eradicate torture (prohibition, prevention, accountability of perpetrators, redress for the victims) using all the political and financial tools at its disposal. This is reflected in the EU Guidelines on torture and ill treatment.
The EU encourages all countries to ratify and effectively implement the UN Convention against Torture and its optional protocol (OPCAT) and cooperate with the UN Committee against Torture as well as other monitoring mechanisms. It also promotes the Global Alliance for Torture-Free Trade, a cross-regional effort bringing together more than 60 countries committed to ending trade in goods used for capital punishment and torture, and supports the establishment of international standards in this field.
The fulfilment of girls' and women's human rights is a cornerstone of EU external action. The current backlash against gender equality globally is threatening hard-won progress and a threat to democracy and development. The EU is committed to scaling up action on gender equality in policy and programming.
In addition to the Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy, the Gender Action Plan III (2021-2025) outlines more specific priorities and actions for the EU. The EU actively participates in the UN Commission on the Status of Women, the biggest global policy-making body on gender equality.
The EU promotes women's rights in conflict situations and advances women's leadership and role in conflict prevention and resolution, such as in Syria and Yemen, in line with UN Security Council Resolution 1325. EU Common Security and Defence (CSDP) missions, civilian and military, have dedicated gender advisors to further advance gender equality on the ground.
Violence against women remains one of the most widespread human rights challenges today, with a drastic increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. The EU Guidelines on violence against women and girls continue guiding EU's external action. The joint UN-EU Spotlight Initiative aims to eliminate all gender-based violence worldwide by 2030. In collaboration with the African Union, the EU advocates for the criminalization of female genital mutilation, a practice which gradually has decreased globally.
Sexual and reproductive health and rights remains a key priority. Girls and women – in all corners of the world – need to have the right to decide freely over matters relating to their body and sexuality. The EU promotes universal access to SRHR services and comprehensive sexual education.
A human rights defender (HRD) is any person who, individually or with others, act to promote and protect human rights. For example, journalists, bloggers, members of human rights NGOs, academics, lawyers, trade unionists, representatives of indigenous communities can be HRDs. They stand up for the rights of others, which is why it is so essential to protect them and their families. They often do so at great personal cost. In standing against human rights violations committed by States and non-state actors, HRDs are increasingly exposed to serious threats, including physical attacks, harassment, smear campaigns, arbitrary detention, torture and killings.
As laid out in the EU Guidelines on Human Rights Defenders, the EU is firmly committed to protect HRDs at risk by enhancing their visibility and recognition, and by publicly speaking out against the threats, they face.
Together with civil society organisations, the EU set up the Protect Defenders mechanism: a 24/7 hotline for HRDs that face immediate risk, which can finance a wide range of measures, including legal representation, medical costs and protection measures. The EU has a variety of tools that it can use to protect HRDs at risk, including trial observations or visits in detention, while using public and private diplomacy to raise individual cases of HRDs at risk.
EU at multilateral level
Human rights are at the heart of multilateralism and are a strong component of the United Nations system. In the context of declining support for multilateral institutions, the EU remains a staunch defender of effective multilateralism and the rules-based international order, which is critical to respond successfully to global challenges.
The EU is a leader in the universal promotion and protection of human rights at multilateral level, mainly through the UN Human Rights Council and the UN General Assembly Third Committee. The EU also actively supports the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), the Council of Europe (CoE), the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), specialised UN agencies, and other organisations such as the International Labour Organisation (ILO).
The EU supports UN human rights mechanisms for human rights protection and standard-setting and the reporting, monitoring and denouncing of human rights violations, such as thematic and country-specific statements and resolutions, commissions of inquiry, fact-finding missions, other Special Procedures and the Universal Periodic Review (UPR). The EU aims for cross-regional cooperation with like-minded partners worldwide in order to ensure wide support and successful implementation.
International criminal justice
The EU is fully committed to help ensuring accountability for the most serious crimes of concern to the international community. The EU views the International Criminal Court (ICC) as the cornerstone in the fight against impunity and to help victims of atrocities to achieve justice.
The EU is resolved to continue protecting the independence of the Court and the integrity of the Rome Statute. The EU promotes the national implementation of the Rome Statute and its principle of complementarity, in particular by strengthening national justice systems. The EU also encourages the universal ratification of the Rome Statute and full cooperation with the Court.
Everyone has the right to freedom of religion or belief. This right includes the freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Religious intolerance and discrimination often underlies and precedes conflict. In line with the EU guidelines on freedom of religion or belief, the EU is committed to promote and protect FORB for all. The EU condemns persecution, discrimination and violence against persons belonging to religious minorities and communities, while defending the right for individuals to manifest their religion or belief, to change or leave a religion or belief.
Both in its bilateral action and in multilateral fora, the EU raises concerns for the criminalization of apostasy and blasphemy, as well as legislation that hinders official registration for religious groups.
The EU is committed to prevent intra and inter-faith violence, and to promote interfaith dialogue. Some key initiatives such as the community-based initiative Global exchange on religion in society facilitates the exchange of positive examples of interreligious coexistence to counter the polarizing narrative of a clash of civilizations that often dominates today. It aims to empower key actors in fostering social inclusion in their societies.
Free, independent and pluralistic media are indispensable for democratic society. The EU has adopted specific EU Guidelines on freedom of expression online and offline.
Technological innovations in information and communications technology have created new opportunities for individuals to share their opinion with a mass audience and have enhanced political participation and access to information. However, innovations have also brought new challenges, such as online censorship, hate speech and surveillance. Narratives about "fake news" and disinformation campaigns affect our ability to form an opinion independently.
All human rights that exist offline must also be protected online. Against the background of EU measures to tackle online disinformation, a number of large online platforms such as Facebook, Google, Twitter have agreed with the EU on self-regulatory Codes of Conduct on Hate Speech and Disinformation.
The EU mainstreams the Rights of the Child in all its external policies, whether in the context of humanitarian or conflict situations, school, poverty, displacement or migration, because there are very few issues that do not concern the Rights of the Child.
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is the most widely ratified human rights convention in history. Investing in children means investing in the future: it is vital for breaking the cycle of poverty. The Convention inspired the EU to adopt and change laws and policies aimed at ensuring that all children can fully enjoy their rights. The EU is guided by its principles: devotion to the best interests of the child, non-discrimination, respect for the views of the child, and their right to life, survival and development.
The EU continues to implement the EU Guidelines on the Rights of the Child and on children in armed conflict. In response to the Syrian crisis, the EU funded for example the Back to the Future project to provide education to refugee children in Lebanon and Jordan.
© Batuhan Yildirim
The EU has stepped up its efforts over the last years to reinforce economic, social and cultural rights and strengthen the link between human rights and the environment in its external action.
The EU supports activities to raise awareness of the negative impacts of climate change and environmental degradation on human rights: to health, food security, safe drinking water and sanitation, adequate housing, education, culture, work and development and even life itself. Everyone's ability to enjoy these human rights depends on healthy ecosystems.
© Patricio Crooker
Today 2.2 billion persons who have no access to safe water services. With the goal to support universal access to water and sanitation, the EU adopted the EU Guidelines on Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation. The EU moreover promotes a human-centred future of work in which the right to safe and healthy working conditions are secured and that is free of violence and harassment.
The EU is the largest contributor to UNESCO and works closely with UNICEF to ensure the right to education, for example through the Generation Unlimited project. Only through free, inclusive and quality education for every child will we be able to eradicate poverty, inequality and resolve climate change challenges.
Upholding human rights is a responsibility of all actors of society, including business enterprises. The growing complexity and globalisation of supply chains renders it increasingly important to promote the application of high human rights and sustainability standards in third countries. In line with this, the EU is a frontrunner in implementing the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the first globally agreed standard to prevent, address and remedy negative effects on human rights caused by business activities.
The EU has adopted a smart mix of voluntary and mandatory measures on business and human rights and responsible business conduct, including due diligence requirements for companies to identify and mitigate adverse human rights and environmental impacts associated with their activities and measures to guarantee access to remedy by victims of human rights violations. To date, 15 EU Member States have adopted National Action Plans on business and human rights to ensure the implementation of the UN Guiding Principles. The EU also promotes responsible business conduct through projects assisting governments and businesses in Latin America and Asia.
EU Human Rights guidelines
EU Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy
#EU4HumanRights
EU Election Observation missions
UN Human Rights publications
Editorial Sections:
#StandUp4HumanRights: EU Delegation celebrates Human Rights Day
22nd EU-NGO Human Rights Forum - the impact of new technologies on human rights
Remembering not to forget, acting not to repeat
Towards a disability-inclusive, accessible and sustainable post COVID-19 world
Dzimumu līdztiesības rīcības plāns – sieviešu un meiteņu tiesības tiek izvirzītas par galveno uzdevu dzimumu līdztiesības pasaules atveseļošanā
22nd EU-NGO Human Rights Forum- the impact of new technologies on human rightsThe 22nd EU-NGO Human Rights Forum, this year held virtually, brought together human rights defenders, tech and human rights experts, representatives from civil society and social media platforms, UN experts and EU officials from over a 110 countries to discuss the impact of new technologies on
Sanctions and Human Rights: towards a European framework to address human rights violations and abuses worldwideThe European Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy have put forward a Joint Proposal for a Council Regulation concerning implementation of sanctions against serious human rights violations and abuses worldwide.
The EU Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy 2020-24- Online Discussion Post Category: News stories Show left menu: Main Image: /file/facebook-event-enhrjpg_enfacebook-event-en_hr.jpg Topics: Human Rights & Democracy Editorial Sections: EEAS Human Rights & Democracy
#StandUp4HumanRights: EU Delegation celebrates Human Rights DayRecover better, stand up for Human Rights – that is the theme of this year's Human Rights Day on 10th December. The EU Delegation in Geneva marked this important day with several webinars and social media campaigns. To reach out to a younger audience, the EU Human Rights Team 'went back to school'
Contact the EEAS
Visit the EEAS
Questions about the EU
Quick Network Access


The idea of ageing is enough to get some of us recoiling like the heroine in a horror film. Ageing prematurely should have us shrieking, but the chances are that those signs of ageing you see aren't just a natural result of life. Rather, modern society makes it easy to pick up some unhealthy habits that speed the whole thing up. Here, we're going to look at those habits and what you can do about it.
We are what we eat and if we eat nothing but junk, then we should expect our life experiences to start reflecting that. Antioxidants are just one of the ingredients we should start getting used to. These tackle free radicals that, when given the chance, will damage our cells including surface layer skin cells, causing faster wrinkling. A bad diet can bring all kinds of early ageing problems, however, from increased risk of lost mental acuity to the heart disease that could send us all into a health crisis well before our time. Re-evaluate what you eat, and drink to slow the ageing process.
The other pillar of a healthy lifestyle is of course exercise. Not only will it help us maintain a stronger heart, more strength, and more range of movement as we age. Telomeres protect us against the kind of cell death that free radicals can cause. It's been shown that people who exercise more have longer telomeres that can do a much better job of that process. So whatever exercise you think you can manage – get on with it!
Aside from erm…death, everyone should know that smoking causes wrinkles, yellows teeth and fingernails, and generally makes it harder to stay fit by decreasing our lung capacity and the like. Nowadays, there are loads of replacements, including vaping options like Aspire eCig UK that make it easier to quit. There are no more excuses for staying a smoker. The risks are already serious enough without adding premature ageing on top of them. Increased risk of heart disease and cancer are two of the most prevalent, but we all know that don't we!
It's an old adage that stress ages you while you're young and there's no doubt about that. It can be a huge cause of skin and hair problems, but it's also another big risk factor in causing serious problems like early heart attacks and strokes. Whether it's aromatherapy, exercise, meditation or otherwise, it's important we find self-treatment that works. Otherwise, stress could very much live up to its stereotype as a silent killer, not just the antithesis of an anti-ageing cream.
We all need more sleep, there's no doubt about that. It's directly tied to the last point, but lacking in sleep leads to an increase of the stress hormone cortisol, which is one of the hormones that weakens our immune system and increases our blood pressure. Lacking sleep also makes use generally less mentally alert, more physically sluggish and increases our risk of eating more, leading us full circle back to our first point. It's tough as a parent to address this one but just try and deal with it as best you can…we'll get to sleep at some point right?
Ageing prematurely isn't just about how we look. It's about how we feel and how well we're able to enjoy our life for longer. We deteriorate quicker both mentally and physically with the habits mentioned above, so make sure you keep them all in check.


text:
Album review: Eyehategod – A History Of Nomadic Behavior
One new liver later, NOLA sludge kings Eyehategod return as dirty as ever on sixth album, A History Of Nomadic Behavior...
Angela Davey
Eyehategod have a colourful history. Considered to be one of the four pillars of NOLA sludge metal, they've paved the way for many who've attempted to imitate them but never quite reached their level of finesse (or lack of). Their relentless touring schedule and long history of drug abuse are as much a part of the foundations of the band as their punk-tinged vitriol and spite-filled lyrics. Despite existing for three decades they have released just six albums – A History Of Nomadic Behavior is their first since 2014's self-titled opus, and an impressive feat considering vocalist Mike Williams is fresh off the back of a liver transplant.
He opens this album with the explosive line, 'Plate glass shatters in my head', an impressionistic taster of the fury that's to follow. In terms of Eyehategod's previous output, there are no surprises here, it simply feels as though they're picking up from where they left off from seven years ago; if you've ever listened to one of their albums before then this will feel instantly familiar.
The guitars chug along with a blues tinged bounce, as the percussion pounds like glacially paced hammer blows. However, the star of the show on any Eyehategod release is always going to be the vocals; Mike's trademark angry tirade is always recognisable and it's satisfying to hear it make a welcome return. This record is as much a celebration as it is a continuation of the band's journey. Despite all they've been through they've come back swinging, a true testament to the age old philosophy of "what doesn't kill you makes you stronger" – in their case what doesn't kill you makes you more pissed off.
Verdict: 3/5
For Fans Of: Crowbar, Black Flag, Electric Wizard
A History Of Nomadic Behavior is out on March 12 via Century Media
Read this: The 13 most essential sludge records
Jinjer, Hatebreed, Sleep Token and more announced for Bloodstock 2022
A total of 12 new bands have been added to next year's Bloodstock line-up – including Jinjer, Hatebreed, Sleep Token, EyeHateGod and Lorna Shore. Huge!
Adult film star Stormy Daniels to sell merch for Eyehategod at upcoming show
Eyehategod announce that "band friend Stormy Daniels will be selling merch" at their hometown show on September 11.
Eyehategod's Mike Williams: "Being optimistic is a part of survival at this point… There are lots of reasons why I want to stay alive now"
Eyehategod frontman Mike IX Williams opens up about life, death, nihilism, survival, and why he's decided to keep on living…
10 of the most distinctive band aesthetics in rock and metal
Here are 10 bands whose visual styles are as iconic as their music.
Why So Many Metal Bands Are Releasing Their Own Beers
As major and underground bands produce unique brews, craft beer is quickly becoming metal's ultimate merch accessory.
Eyehategod Drummer Knifed and Robbed in Mexico
Not a great way to start Eyehategod's recent tour.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Printing a variables with a function stored produces [Function], what does that mean? I am currently reading JavaScript The Definitive Edition to solidify my knowledge and something came uo that I can't quite understand.
I made the example below.
//An array of functions returning names.
var nameArray = []
nameArray[0] = function (){return "Bob in nameArray "}
console.log(nameArray[0])   // This will output "[Function]"

console.log(nameArray[0]()) // This will output "Bob in nameArray " as intended

Why is it that when I log nameArray[0] I get [Function]. I understand that the element stored is a function, but what does [Function] represent?
Is it the type of the element stored? Is it the actual function object itself? If so, is this the same function object that is created when a function is invoked (where it stores its local variables and outer scope)?
Why is it that I can do the following:
// Create object
var nameObject = {
    name:"bob"
}
nameArray[1] = nameObject
console.log(nameArray[1]) // This will print the literal object

That will simply print the object.
I guess my questions are: what does [Function] actually represents and mean. And if it is an object then why is the object not printed like the nameObject example above considering a function is an object.
Thank you.

A: What the functions output when you console log them is dependent on the engine. In this case, it just tells you that it's a function. In chrome it'll print out the function as well as indicate that it is a function.
The reason why you can print out a function is because functions are first class entities in JS. Essentially, you can pass them to other functions, assign them to variables and work with them like you might any other object.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Maine Fiddle Camp
Typical Camp Schedule
Camp Activities
Irish Session
Old-Time Country Dances
Instrument Instruction By Week
Dance Calling
Flute and Pennywhistle
Great Horned Ukestra
Mountain Dulcimer
Music of Simon St. Pierre
Ukekestra Tunes
Christmas/Winter Holiday
2019 Staff Schedule
Registration: Signup Online and Pay by Check.
Registration: Signup Online and Pay by Credit Card or PayPal.
Maine Master Fiddlers Showcase Videos
Other Videos of Interest
2020 Dates:
June Weekend I – June 19-21
June Week – June 21-26
June Weekend II – June 26-28
August Week I – August 9-14
August Week II – August 16-21
New Tunes Posted for 2020:
A Hundred Pipers
Britches Full Of Stitches
Daleigh
Flop Eared Mule
Have You Been to Ireland?
Highland Laddie
Indian Reel
Irish American Waltz
La Moquine
Maggie Brown
Monk's March
Quebec Reel
Camp Life Slideshow
Home→June Week
June Week
Flute & Pennywhistle
Ando Anderson
My mother brought a ukulele on a family trip to Atlanta. The 7 hour drive was pretty stressful as three unruly bored brothers turned the backseat into a war zone. In addition to our battles this trip we each learned to play 5'2″ on the uke. My first experience with a stringed instrument. Of course we performed for Grandma, Aunts, Uncles, and cousins. That was over 50 years ago.
Since then I've played guitar, upright bass, and uke in assorted bands and groups mostly in Mississippi and Maine. (more…)
Jennifer Armstrong
Visit Jennifer's website (http://www.jenniferarmstrong.com/).
233 Poors Mill Road Belfast ME 04915 207-322-2265
Rachel Aucoin
After a frankly classical training including two Masters degrees (performance, UofM 2001 and piano pedagogy, UL, 2003), two first prizes at the prestigious Canadian Music Competition (1997 and 1998) and a solo performance of Beethoven's second with the Orchestre Symphonique de la Montérégie (1997), Rachel Aucoin specialises today in folk music accompaniment, since her first appearance at the Carrefour Mondial de l'Accordéon in 1999.
She never imagined this apparently innocent performance would change her musical destiny. (more…)
Mia Bertelli
Mia Bertelli grew up in the mountains of New Mexico, singing at every chance she could get. Her love of song led her to Vermont at the age of fifteen, where she dove into the polyphonic singing camps of Village Harmony like a penguin into the sea. Since then she has been filling kitchens, streets, concert halls, vegetable gardens, and public restrooms with song, both in the northeast and overseas. Her irrepressible inclination to harmonize and great love of playful nuance have mostly gotten her into all the right sorts of trouble, so she counts them among her blessings. (more…)
Greg Boardman
Greg is the founder of Maine Fiddle Camp and has been a major inspiration for many fiddlers over the last three and a half decades throughout all of Maine. He has steered a career in folk music by playing for concerts and dances, especially by learning the regional "DownEast" fiddling style from the likes of Otto Soper and Simon St. Pierre, and by teaching music and fiddling in the Auburn area.
Contact Greg at bowandstring @ gmail.com. Also see gregboardman.bandcamp.com and soundcloud.com/bowandstring.
Sunniva Brynnel
Sunniva Brynnel is a Swedish piano accordionist, singer and composer. In 2017, she was awarded Albin Hagström Minnesfonds scholarship for accordionists through the Royal Academy in Stockholm.
Sunniva comes from a lineage of seven generations of female musicians, and her mother – Swedish folk singer and vocal coach Rosa Brynnel – is one of her major influences. Aged 19, Sunniva moved to Ireland to study Irish Gaelic singing and music at DIT Conservatory of Music and Drama in Dublin. (more…)
Baron Collins-Hill
Baron grew up playing the mandolin in Maine and recently graduated from Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts with a degree in music performance and ethnomusicology. Versed in traditional fiddle music, bluegrass, and jazz, he is known for his rhythmic experimentation and unique harmonic sense on both the mandolin and the tenor guitar. Baron plays with fiddler Julia Plumb in their duo Velocipede(www.velocipedemusic.com).
Sandy Davis
Sandy has been playing for contra dances for nearly 50 years. In the 1970's, he was a founding member of the Roaring Jelly dance band (which is still going strong) and the Common Ground quintet. Back then, he also played occasionally with Dudley Laufman and the Canterbury Country Dance Orchestra. He subsequently spent over 20 years as the founder and director of two long-standing community contra dance bands, both of which are also still playing for monthly dances: the Berlin Country Dance Orchestra (Berlin, MA), and Oh, CONTRAire! (Westford, MA). (more…)
Jim DiCarlo
A self-described "tune hound," Jim DiCarlo has been playing Irish music on whistle and wooden flute for contra dances, at sessions, and in the hallways of music festivals for the past 25 years. He loves learning new tunes and has even composed a few of passable quality. A long-time member of the Maine-based, not-entirely-traditional group Wake the Neighbors, he played alongside Lissa Schneckenburger, John Cote, Jessie & Greg Boardman, Ed Howe, Anthony Shostak and Alfred Lund. (more…)
Éric Favreau
Éric Favreau comes from a family of traditional musicians and has spent a great deal of time playing with other fiddlers, learning their repertoire and studying their varied styles. Éric has explored and exploited various sources including archives and personally made field recordings and has accumulated a rich and fascinating repertoire. Over the years, he has garnered a profound understanding and vast knowledge of Québécois traditional music. (more…)
Noah Fishman
Noah Fishman is a multi-instrumentalist, composer, and educator. Based in the coastal town of Belfast Maine, Noah has performed on electric bass, double bass, mandolin, guitar, and drums in concert halls, clubs, and living rooms around the globe. His music and research springs from a deep connection to New England, Appalachian, Irish, and Swedish traditions. Noah received a degree in composition from Princeton University, where he also founded a funk/soul band and performed in dozens of other projects. (more…)
Mary Fraser
Mary Fraser began her musical life by training in classical violin for thirteen years, concluding with a Suzuki method violin teacher certification. She then left the classical music world and traveled extensively throughout the UK, immersing in the traditional music of her heritage. Carrying right on into the southern US states to study the old time fiddle styles of eastern Kentucky, West Virginia and North Carolina. (more…)
Ellen Gawler
Ellen Gawler is a celebrated fiddler, masterful in many styles, including Irish, French-Canadian, Maritime, Shetland and New England. Her fiddling possesses sparkling clarity, authentically rooted in tradition while at the same time inventive and playful. Her lively delivery of traditional fiddling has sent many a contra dance hall into whirling delight with soaring melodies and driving rhythms. (more…)
Elsie Gawler
Elsie Gawler attended Maine Fiddle Camp as a camper for over 15 years and has since then transferred to teaching the cello at MFC. She grew up playing and singing traditional music with her mom, dad and two sisters and continues to play with them professionally as "The Gawler Family" band. While the cello is her main instrument she also plays fiddle and banjo. She lives in Monroe Maine where she is the co-owner of North Branch Farm, a farm where they raise a variety of crops and livestock.
Molly Gawler
Molly Gawler grew up on Buttermilk Hill on a small farm in Maine. She plays fiddle, banjo and sings in the "Gawler Family Band" as well as her trio of sisters, "The Gawler Sisters." She grew up playing music with the traditional roots passed on to her from her Mom and Dad – Ellen and John Gawler. Molly is also a professional dancer which has taken her around the world. At fiddle camp, Molly teaches the beginners, and often enjoys sharing movement of all kinds including dance and parkour.
Pascal Gemme
Pascal Gemme has a degree from St-Laurent College (Montreal) in arranging and classical/jazz guitar, he has since been searching for seldom-heard songs and melodies, interpreting them in his unique and unmistakable style. Originally inspired by his fiddling grandfather, he has played with (and learned from), most of today's great Quebecois fiddlers and singers. Since 2003, he has taught intermediate and advanced fiddle classes at Montreal's folk music school, École des Arts de la Veillée. (more…)
Sara Grey
Sara Grey has been playing banjo for over 58 years.
Her dad, from northern NH, played fiddle and he took Sara down south when she was young back in the early 50's to watch some of the "old boys" play and sing. She took that knowledge back up to NH where she grew up,and played for square dances when she was still in school. She has been playing ever since….dividing her time between the states and Scotland. She has taught wherever she has lived and at many traditional music camps and schools. (more…)
Ed Howe
Born into a musical family, Ed started playing fiddle at the age of 4, learning Suzuki method. His musical interests cover a wide spectrum from Bluegrass to Celtic and beyond and he has been a regular instructor for Maine Fiddle Camp since 2003. Howe has an extensive electronics background, and took an interest in the electric violin. He plays a 5-string NS Design electronic violin and is a featured artist on the NS design artist page. (more…)
McKinley James
McKinley James is a cellist studying at New England Conservatory. After years with the Vermont Youth Orchestra, she joined the Boston Youth Symphony, and then the premier youth orchestra led by Ben Zander, the Boston Philharmonic Youth Orchestra. With the BPYO, she toured Europe twice, playing in concert halls such as the Berlin Philharmonie and at the Alhambra in Spain. (more…)
Stuart Kenney
One of the most in demand upright bass, and five-string banjo players on the US contradance circuit, Stuart Kenney's regional musical interests sweep from Southwest Louisiana to Acadia. He has a long career in many traditional music genres. His interest in Quebecois music formed through the fiddling of Lisa Ornstein, and performances by La Bottine Souriante. The inclusion of French Canadian music into the living tradition of New England contradance music caught his attention early on. (more…)
Bennett Konesni
Bennett Konesni grew up in Appleton, Maine, 10 miles downstream of Maine Fiddle Camp. He was naturally drawn into the strong communities of old-time music, sailing, and farming in the area. At thirteen he shipped as a deckhand aboard local schooners, sailing Penobscot Bay and learning the traditional work songs of the tall ships as he raised sails and hauled anchor. Later, at Middlebury College, Bennett co-founded the student farm and spent six months studying Zulu farming songs in South Africa. (more…)
Dudley Laufman
Dance Caller, Musician, Poet, Storyteller
Recipient of 2009 National Heritage Fellowship Award
(from the National Endowment for the Arts)
Dudley has spent a lifetime calling dances & playing music throughout New England. He learned to call his first dance while in high school at the Norfolk County Agricultural High School in Walpole, MA from a professor's wife named Maude Ashman. The year was 1948! (more…)
Glen Loper
Glen gives private lessons for mandolin and tenor banjo from his home in Portland, ME, and plays for contradances throughout the Northeast, and at festivals across the country with bands such as Frigate, Riptide, The Steampacket, and The Sharktones. Visit Glen at www.glenloper.com.
49 Brackett St, Portland ME, 04102
LINKS: "Frigate" , Riptide
Elaine Malkin
Elaine Malkin has played the violin since the age of 5. She was part of the resurgence of contra dances in Maine in the early 70's, having learned from Otto Soper and Dudley Laufman. She played New England contra dances until 2009, when she began an intensive study of Québécois fiddle with mainly Éric Favreau, but also with Lisa Ornstein, André Brunet, Yvon Mimeault, and Liette Remon. This music has completely captured her heart and she uses a traditional Québécois repertoire for contra dances, concerts, and other venues. Learning, teaching, and sharing this special music is her greatest joy.
Vogue magazine calls musician Owen Marshall "A guitar/mandolin/banjo player rivaled in character only by the occasional three-pronged carrot" (Vogue 2009). Owen has accompanied and collaborated with many of traditional music's top performers including Aoife Clancy, Liz Carroll, Darol Anger, John Doyle, Andrea Beaton, Jerry Holland, Ari & Mia Friedman and his own traditional Irish trio "The Press Gang". (more…)
Eric McDonald
Eric McDonald has been instructing and performing on the mandolin for a number of years. In addition to his experience in the world of traditional music, Eric spent two and a half years studying at Berklee College of Music in Boston, where he learned from some of the best including mandolinist John McGann and cellist Eugiene Friesen. Exposure to jazz and other styles come through in his playing. Eric has spent the last three years touring with bands such as The Dave Rowe Trio, Matching Orange, Jaded Mandolin and others. You can hear him on many independent recordings by Boston based artists, and you can catch him teaching at the Passim School of Music in Cambridge.
Kaity Newell
Kaity teaches fiddle in Damariscotta and has played for dances for many years with The Maine Country Dance Orchestra, and with the band The Lady Bugs. A native of Great Britain, Kaity has brought many a fine tune from the British Isles to our local dances. Kaity also plays viola in the local community orchestra and has four children, all of whom play music and come to camp every year.
7 Creek Lane Damariscotta ME 044543 207-563-8440
Mali Obomsawin
Mali Obomsawin is originally from Farmington, Maine, and grew up attending Maine Fiddle Camp for bass and mandolin. A Franklin County Fiddlers alumna, she went on to study jazz performance at Berklee College of Music for four semesters before transferring to Dartmouth College where she will graduate in 2018. Mali sings and plays bass in her nationally touring band Lula Wiles (who met at MFC!), and has performed at premier festivals and venues along the east coast. She has shared the stage with Laura Cortese & the Dance Cards, Matt Glaser, Greg Liszt, Caitlin Canty, Stash Wyslouch, and Jason Annick, among others. (more…)
Bill Olson
Bill Olson teaches both guitar and upright bass at Maine Fiddle Camp. He is probably best known at home and abroad as a contradance caller and choreographer. Bill has played and called for dances in 25 states and his dance compositions, known for their high potential energy and excellent flow, and are called by contradance callers all over the world. Bill started playing guitar in 1958, dancing in 1976, calling in 1985, and playing bass in 1993. He has been singing all his life.
Gordon Peery
Gordon Peery started playing contra dance piano in the late 1970's He was fortunate to be in the neighborhood of Bob McQuillen, who was an inspiration and mentor. Though Gordon quickly evolved his own style of playing, he was permanently influenced by Bob's commitment to providing a solid bass line for dances. Gordon was the piano player for the band Fresh Fish, (with fiddler Kerry Elkin), which became a nationally prominent contra dance band. They toured the country extensively between 1985 and 1995, and produced a recording, "Turning of the Tide". (more…)
Julia Plumb
Julia lives and teaches fiddle and clawhammer banjo in Belfast, Maine. Equally at home on the stage and on the dance floor, Julia loves the percussive interplay between traditional music and dance forms and has enjoyed soaking up bits and pieces from players and dancers throughout New England and in Québec, Ireland, Brittany, and the southern Appalachians. Julia plays with Baron Collins-Hill in their duo Velocipede (www.velocipedemusic.com) and loves connecting people with music and dance. (more…)
John Pranio
John started his early musical life as a drummer (yes, he admits it) but by some miracle got hooked on traditional music in his teens.
Upon moving to Maine in1989, he helped establish the North Whitefield Contra Dance with famed caller Ted Sannella and the bands Calliope and The Usual Suspects, and continues playing for dances today with Henry Road and Sassafras Stomp. Since moving to Belfast in 2017, he has joined the Leaky Boot Jug Band on fiddle and harmonica. (more…)
Doug Protsik
Doug likes to play the "old-time piano" for dances, melodramas, honky tonk saloons, and silent movies. He learned his style from Otto Soper, Geneva Walton, and Danny Patt among many others. He plays with Old Grey Goose and produced all three of their recordings, including the group's first recording in 1978 for Folkways, "Old Time Country Dance Tunes and Songs from Maine", now available again on CD. Doug also plays piano, accordion, and fiddle. He is the Camp Director again this year.
116 Pleasant Cove Dr. Woolwich ME O4579 207-443-5411
Sharon Pyne
Sharon has been a student of tin whistle and wooden flute since 1977 when she attended the Willy Clancy Summer School while working in Ireland for the year. On her return to Boston to care for her grandmother, she studied with master flute players in the Hanafin /Cooley Comhalthus branch. She move to Maine to raise her children and became a member of the Portland Ceili Band and Ladies of the Lake. She runs a music studio in Bath, Maine where she teaches flute and whistle and Music Together. For a few months every year since 2000, she happily lives and breathes Maine Fiddle alongside director Doug Protsik. Sharon can be contacted at sharonpynemusic@gmail.com or 207-522-3900.
Kenny Raskin
Kenny first picked up a ukulele at age 8, when a family friend bought him one. Now 50 plus years later, he's not half bad! He's got a menagerie of them, from soprano to baritone, and plays a variety of styles, swing music being his favorite. He taught an afternoon workshop in 2016 and Doug spied on him. He must have liked what he saw, because lo and behold, he put him on the staff! Kenny has been an actor and physical comedian for 35 years, and has performed internationally, as well as on Broadway. He also starred as the lead clown in Cirque du Soleil's Nouvelle Experience. He, his wife Joanna and their son Evan are perennial campers at August week 1.
Alden Robinson
Alden Robinson learned to play the fiddle as a child growing up in coastal Maine. His earliest lessons came from Tamora Goltz, Katie Newell, and from the teachers at Maine Fiddle Camp. In college, he studied Irish fiddle in Ireland at University College Cork, and in several pubs.
For the past five years or so he has toured and recorded with The Press Gang, an Irish trad band from Portland. (more…)
Maggie Robinson
Maggie Robinson has been teaching fiddle since 2003. She began taking fiddle lessons the age of 10 and became concert mistress of her school orchestra during her senior year. Many years later she discovered Contradancing and fell in love with the music She took the violin out of the closet and began learning fiddle tunes. She completed a course in 2003 at the Hartt College of Music, Theater, & Dance on "Teaching Fiddling".
Currently she is teaching at several locations in greater Portland, and also regularly calls for contra dances around the state.
Bethany Waickman
Bethany Waickman is a guitarist based out of Portland, Maine. She grew up in a musical family in the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York state. After college she spent some time traveling, hiking, and playing music in Ireland. Upon returning, she moved to Boston to focus on music. She co-founded the contra dance trio, Anadama, and is the guitarist for VT-based fiddler/singer Lissa Schneckenburger. (more…)
Pam Weeks
Pam sings and plays several instruments in the folk trio, T-Acadie, is fiddler and singer for the Maine-based Cajun dance band, Jimmyjo & the Jumbol'Ayuhs, plays fiddle and mountain dulcimer in the contradance band, Scrod Pudding, and performs solo or with guitar player and caller Bill Olson. She is an accomplished tunesmith and has composed scores of tunes, from lively jigs and reels, to entrancing airs and beautiful waltzes.
Maine Fiddle Camp is a 501(c)(3) organization, donations are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under IRS rules.
© 2020 - Maine Fiddle Camp


text:
Attorney Ava Muhammad: "We need to have this matter settled once and for all"
N.O.I. Attorney Ava Muhammad
(Blogger's Note: Yesterday I attended our Sunday meeting at Muhammad Mosque No. 45 here in Houston and we watched the live streaming webcast from Mosque Maryam in Chicago. The keynote speaker was Student Minister, author and attorney Ava Muhammad. She delivered a message full of depth and drove home the point of the importance of us controlling our thinking in order to escape the time we're living in. If you missed it, you can watch the archive at http://www.noi.org/webcast.
During her message she also talked about the recent ruling made by a Louisiana judge in the case of Henry Leonard, who was being unconstitutionally denied access to The Final Call newspaper. Sister Ava played a key role in securing the winning decision and I interviewed her for this article I wrote for The Final Call. She also thanked Attorneys Abdul Arif Muhammad, Athill Muhammad, Warren F. Muhammad, Pamela Muhammad, and Qiana Muhammad for their hard work on the case as well.)
Ruling sets stage for broader fight for inmate access to The Final Call
(FinalCall.com) - The recent ruling by U.S. District Judge Donald Walter in Shreveport, La., restored rights to The Final Call newspaper to an inmate who was unconstitutionally being denied the paper in the David Wade Correctional Center (DWCC). According to Nation of Islam attorney Ava Muhammad, an appeal by the state of Louisiana is expected and welcomed.
"We fully expect the state of Louisiana to take this up on appeal to the Fifth Circuit (Court of Appeals). We want them to do that because there are facilities all over the country that are denying inmates access to this paper. It is our position that we need to have this matter settled once and for all," said Mrs. Muhammad to The Final Call.
"We think this is an excellent time and decision that offers us the opportunity to force this issue to final resolution," said Mrs. Muhammad, who received her Juris Doctorate from Georgetown University.
The American Civil Liberties Union of Louisiana backed the lawsuit of inmate Henry Leonard and filed it May 2007, which was a year after he was restricted from receiving copies of the weekly Nation of Islam newspaper. Attorneys representing Louisiana claimed on behalf of prison officials that the reason behind the censorship was newspaper content deemed racially inflammatory—in particular The Muslim Program, which appears on the inside back page of The Final Call.
"They requested an expert testimony from the Nation of Islam to explain The Muslim Program in April 2009. The Honorable Minister Farrakhan gave me that assignment. He asked me to take the deposition, be questioned by the attorney from the state of Louisiana and to explain The Muslim Program," said Mrs. Muhammad.
The deposition presented by Mrs. Muhammad in April 2009 took place in Chicago on the grounds of Mosque Maryam, the headquarters of the Nation of Islam. Her deposition was nearly 200 pages and she went point by point through The Muslim Program.
"They actually wanted to focus on Point No. 4 of What The Muslims Want and to lift that out as being racially inflammatory. I gave a very in-depth explanation and educated them so that they could rise to an understanding that separation—contrary to the idea that this is a racist concept—is actually as the Honorable Elijah Muhammad teaches, the best solution and a peaceful solution," she argued.
Mr. Leonard, who is a former Baton Rouge police officer, was convicted of murdering his estranged wife's boyfriend. He has been a practicing member of the Nation since 1985. According to Mrs. Muhammad, the court also questioned whether it would be sufficient for Mr. Leonard to just sit in on services conducted in the prison by an imam under the late Imam Warith Deen Muhammad, instead of receiving The Final Call.
"We objected that on the grounds of Point No. 12 of What The Muslims Believe. That distinguishes us from other Muslims and it does not make us any less than Muslim. We adhere to the principles of the Holy Qur'an. However, absent that cardinal principle (Point No. 12), we cannot follow our faith. That is the core principle of being a follower of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad under the direction of Minister Louis Farrakhan," said Mrs. Muhammad.
Mrs. Muhammad further explained to The Final Call that "the imam, whose deposition was taken, actually referred to that point as blasphemy. This led the court to the conclusion that there is no substitute for our material."
On March 31, Judge Donald Walter ruled in favor of the plaintiff on the basis that the prison officials could not deliver any evidence that The Final Call newspaper was the source of any violence. "Again, this Court is concerned that the complete banning of the publication because of the inclusion of "The Muslim Program" is an exaggerated response to DWCC's concern about racially inflammatory material," Judge Walter wrote in his 21-page ruling.
"I was so ecstatic about this decision and my eyes welled. This case was very dear to me and we put in a lot of hours," said Katie Schwartzmann to The Final Call. As the Louisiana ACLU's legal director, she spearheaded the lawsuit.
[CLICK HERE TO READ THE FULL REPORT]


Zach is excited to make his Kokandy début with Grand Hotel. Recent projects include: stage managing Saint Joan (Poetic Forum Collective) and directing Grouped (Otherworld Theatre Company). His play Firepit Henry V had a reading at the Prop Thtr in February. Zach serves as Literary Associate at Sideshow Theatre Company, as well as Publicity Manager at the Chicago Fringe Festival. He holds a B.A. in Theatre from Northwestern University.


text:
BATMAN THE LONG HALLOWEEN ANIMATED MOVIES
What many consider the best Batman story ever told and one of my favorite graphic novels, BATMAN: THE LONG HALLOWEEN is being adapted into animated movies that will be portrayed in two parts. The first installment of these new feature length movies will be able to be viewed by Digital and Blu-ray beginning June 22, 2021 joining the popular DC Universe Movies series produced by Warner Bros. Animation. I can't wait to see how this cartoon version compares to the pages from the comic book!
Inspired by the iconic mid-1990s DC story from Jeph Loeb and Tim Sale, Batman: The Long Halloween Part One begins as a brutal murder on Halloween prompts Gotham's young vigilante, the Batman, to form a pact with the city's only two uncorrupt lawmen (Police Captain James Gordan and District Attorney Harvey Dent) in order to take down The Roman, head of the notorious and powerful Falcone Crime Family. But when more deaths occur on Thanksgiving and Christmas, it becomes clear that, instead of ordinary gang violence, they're also dealing with a serial killer – the identity of whom, with each conflicting clue, grows harder to discern. Few cases have ever tested the wits of the World's Greatest Detective like the mystery behind the Holiday Killer.
Lauded for his performance as Red Hood/Jason Todd in 2010's Batman Under the Red Hood, Jensen Ackles (Supernatural, Smallville) returns to the DC Universe Movies as the title character of Batman/Bruce Wayne. The late Naya Rivera (Glee), who passed away in 2020, gives one of her final performances as Catwoman/Selina Kyle. The all-star cast includes Josh Duhamel (Transformers, Las Vegas) as Harvey Dent, Billy Burke (Twilight, Revolution, Zoo) as James Gordon, Titus Welliver (Bosch, Deadwood, The Town) as Carmine Falcone, David Dastmalchian (The Suicide Squad, Ant-Man, Dune, The Dark Knight) as Calendar Man, Troy Baker (The Last of Us, Batman: Arkham Knight) as Joker, Amy Landecker (Your Honor, Transparent) as Barbara Gordon, Julie Nathanson (Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War, Suicide Squad: Hell To Pay) as Gilda Dent, Jack Quaid (The Boys, The Hunger Games) as Alberto, Fred Tatasciore (American Dad!, Family Guy) as Solomon Grundy, Jim Pirri (World of Warcraft franchise) as Sal Maroni, and Alastair Duncan (The Batman, Batman Unlimited franchise) as Alfred. Additional voices provided by Frances Callier, Greg Chun and Gary Leroi Gray.
You can get the Blu-ray + Digital Combo from Best Buy. They also have an exclusive Steel Book package as well. Purchase the movie from Best Buy using a Geek Daddy affiliate code and this blogger will receive a small commission at no additional expense to you. Your support of ageekdaddy.com is appreciated.
Included in the June 22 movie release of Batman: The Long Halloween Part 1 is a new animated short titled DC Showcase – The Losers. It highlights a legendary rag-tag team of World War II outcasts – Captain Storm, Johnny Cloud, "Mile-a Minute" Jones, rookie Gunner and Sarge – who find themselves marooned on an uncharted island in the South Pacific that is completely overrun with dinosaurs! Their would-be ally on this deadly mission, the mysterious and beautiful Fan Long of the Chinese Security Agency, tells them their job is to rescue the scientists that have been sent to study the time/space anomaly. Perhaps… but what is her mission?
Other bonus content includes several Batman: The Animated Series episodes from the DC Vault and a sneak peek at Part 2 of Batman: The Long Halloween. Who else is geeked about Batman: The Long Halloween being made into movies?
Labels: animated movie, batman, batman long halloween movie, bluray, bonus content, cartoon, dc comics, dc showcase the losers, DC Universe Movies, dvd, geek daddy, long halloween, movie, part one, release date, trailer


text:
← Advance Review: PET HUMAN
Paul Buhle on Comics: Review of 'Street Cop' by Robert Coover and Art Spiegelman →
October 8, 2021 · 12:05 pm
The Gloaming (#1-5) on-going series. by Hans Rickheit. Chrome Fetus. 2021. Five-issue multi-pack: print $20 and digital $15
Hans Rickheit is one of my favorite cartoonists. I have reviewed his work going back some twenty years and have seen it grow in stature. Back then, I was part of a crew of reviewers and I was known as someone with a taste for the offbeat and strange and who championed the misfit. For a taste of Rickheit's work, check out his ongoing series, Cochlea & Eustachia. I relate to Rickheit's touch of strange. I aspire to pushing limits in my own work in comics: seeking out distinctive storytelling paths; refining a signature style; challenging the reader. I see all of that happening in Rickheit's work. Of course, I am not alone. His quirky, creepy, and overall gorgeous art has struck a chord with readers world-wide. Fast forward to now, and we find Rickheit raising the stakes higher with his most provocative comics ever. Has he gone out on a limb and is it worth it?
Be careful what you wish for.
Up until now, Rickheit's work has maintained an otherworldly vibe with some restrained erotic undertones. For his latest project, The Gloaming, this adults-only comic book series finds Rickheit having crossed over to work that is beyond overtly sexual. He would be the first to admit that it is pornographic in nature: explicit sexual content; X-rated material without a doubt. Rickheit is an interesting case as he seems to be someone who can't help but create artful comics. He seems to be gingerly navigating his way through terrain that would prove way too challenging for many cartoonists to justify. And maybe he doesn't fully succeed and that's alright. This is a daring experiment and one perhaps inevitable. It's clear that it engages this masterful cartoonist and, in turn, it will engage the discerning mature reader.
Don't look too hard.
Let's say that your favorite auteur filmmaker made a film with some very strong sexual content. You might say that the film is a challenging departure for the filmmaker. Or you might throw your hands up and say the filmmaker has gone too far. That is where Rickheit finds himself. He has concocted a narrative about a mad scientist with a penchant for creating sex slaves and a lot of the plot involves the slaves servicing the mad scientist or servicing each other. There's also a parallel story going on about a race of space alien sex slaves who are programmed to relentlessly pleasure themselves or whoever crosses their path, like some unsuspecting demon who appears out of nowhere. So, lots of freaky furry stuff going on. But is it art? Is it porn? Well, it's both. But mostly it's art. It brings to mind, or at least to my mind, "Made in Heaven," the collaboration between Jeff Koons and his then-wife Ilona Staller ("Cicciolina"). Now, there's a work that straddles art and, well, porn, or work of a highly explicit sexual nature. The intent is said to be art but you can argue that the couple's sex act show is more hype than anything else; an odd curiosity that is part of a greater whole. I think Koons would agree with me on that.
Easy does it.
The actual narrative to The Gloaming does have its subplots and nuances. This is a story that features a cult of clones, who are all programmed to have an insatiable sexual appetite and are loyal to the hive, especially the leader, the mad scientist. Like every plan, there are variants that creep in. That explains four particular clones. These four young women seem to have minds of their own. For the most part, they basically behave like wild animals out to satisfy themselves save for one who is methodical. This one gets picked on by the other three sisters. This one is sort of like a Cinderella, but prone to ungodly mischief like the rest. These four are set apart from the rest of the clones and get to live in the mansion. Like I mentioned, there's also this parallel story going on involving a race of space alien clones and that subplot is festering in the background presumably to reveal a greater truth by the time this series wraps up.
The loss of innocence.
Rickheit has moved past the stage of wondering if he's made the right choice with this project. His main concern it seems, based on the bits of comments he provides to introduce each issue, have to do with craftsmanship. Rickheit repeatedly worries about whether or not he's up to the task of depicting all the anatomical contortions, and related sexual activities going on in his comic. I think he is. But I do appreciate that he's sensitive to consistently keeping the human figure alive and dancing upon the page. Sometimes a shortcut here and there can take the reader out of the story. And, as I say, there is a story, one of a growing uneasy tension between mysterious forces. This is mostly a mood piece as the title implies. That said, this is also an experiment to see what readers make of it. Do readers of Hans Rickheit prefer to keep the veil of mystery on or do they want it fully ripped off with nothing spared? I think this project is an intriguing departure but I do not believe it's sustainable in its present form, not in the long run. More often than not, it's nice to pull the covers up. Then again, it depends upon what the auteur cartoonist wants to achieve. Blutch, for example, has claimed he'd like nothing more than to create pure porn but then he doesn't go and actually do that because artful and literary concerns kick in. I think what he really means is that he just wants the freedom to do as he sees fit. At the end of the day, usually that will mean that he wants to create something with integrity. That's what Rickheit is after too.
Filed under Comics, Comics Reviews, Graphic Novel Reviews, Hans Rickheit
Tagged as Art, Books, comics, Entertainment, graphic novels, Horror, Humor, Media, Pop Culture, Publishing
2 responses to "Review: The Gloaming (#1-5) by Hans Rickheit"
selizabryangmailcom
I like how you kept bringing in that woman closer and closer and you elaborated, lol. Nice effect! 🙂
Ha! Thanks for commenting. I will do those added touches from time to time.


text:
constructive mathematics
The basis of it all
first-order logic
type theory, homotopy type theory
material set theory
ZFA
structural set theory
Foundational axioms
foundational axiom
basic constructions:
axiom of cartesian products
axiom of disjoint unions
axiom of the empty set
axiom of fullness
axiom of function sets
axiom of power sets
axiom of quotient sets
material axioms:
axiom of extensionality
axiom of foundation
axiom of anti-foundation
Mostowski's axiom
axiom of pairing
axiom of transitive closure
axiom of union
structural axioms:
axiom of materialization
axioms of choice:
axiom of choice
axiom of countable choice
axiom of dependent choice
axiom of excluded middle
axiom of existence
axiom of multiple choice
Markov's axiom
presentation axiom
small cardinality selection axiom
axiom of small violations of choice
axiom of weakly initial sets of covers
Whitehead's principle
large cardinal axioms:
axiom of infinity
axiom of universes
regular extension axiom
inaccessible cardinal
measurable cardinal
elementary embedding
supercompact cardinal
Vopěnka's principle
strong axioms
axiom of separation
axiom of replacement
Removing axioms
predicative mathematics
Edit this sidebar
Structural Foundations
internal language
classical mathematics
category:foundational axiom
category theory
Categories and Sheaves
topos theory
Sheaves in Geometry and Logic
higher category theory
higher topos theory
(∞,1)-topos theory
models for ∞-stack (∞,1)-toposes
cohomology
homotopy theory
stable homotopy theory
rational homotopy theory
Topology and Geometry
geometry (general list), topology (general list)
general topology
differential topology
synthetic differential geometry
symplectic geometry
algebraic geometry
noncommutative algebraic geometry
noncommutative geometry (general flavour)
higher geometry
universal algebra
higher algebra
homological algebra
group theory, ring theory
representation theory
algebraic approaches to differential calculus
counterexamples in algebra
nonstandard analysis
operator algebras
Fourier transform
Lie theory
higher Lie theory
Constructivism, Realizability, Computability
constructive mathematics, realizability, computability
intuitionistic mathematics
propositions as types, proofs as programs, computational trinitarianism
topos, homotopy topos
canonical form, univalence
Bishop set, h-set
decidable equality, decidable subset, inhabited set, subsingleton
Realizability
realizability topos
realizability model
realizability interpretation
effective topos
Kleene's first algebra, Kleene's second algebra
function realizability
computation, computational type theory
computable function, partial recursive function
computable analysis, constructive analysis
Type Two Theory of Effectivity
computable function (analysis)
exact real computer arithmetic
computable set
persistent homology, effective homology
computable physics
Church-Turing thesis
Origins and schools
Some features of constructive mathematics
Rephrasing of classical ideas
Bifurcation of notions
Negative translation
Truth versus assertability
Broadly speaking, constructive mathematics is mathematics done without the principle of excluded middle, or other principles, such as the full axiom of choice, that imply it, hence without "non-constructive" methods of formal proof, such as proof by contradiction. This is in contrast to classical mathematics, where such principles are taken to hold.
There are variations of what exactly is regarded as constructive mathematics, for instance intuitionism or predicativism, see the list of schools below. But beware the ambiguity in terminology: In Brouwer-style intuitionistic mathematics one includes axioms that contradict classical logic, while other authors use "intuitionistic" to mean what elsewhere is called "constructive", and referring only to rejection of excluded middle and choice. Some authors (particularly material set theorists) use "constructive" to mean predicative constructive and "intuitionistic" to mean impredicative constructive. Other authors emphasize the necessity that constructive theories be proof relevant, with denial of the excluded middle's universality subordinate to this requirement; see (Harper 2013).
Constructivism is the philosophy that such mathematics is useful, or (more strongly) that non-constructive mathematics is wrong. Historically, constructive mathematics was first pursued explicitly by mathematicians who believed the latter. However, many modern mathematicians who do constructive mathematics do it not because of any philosophical belief about the wrongness of non-constructive mathematics, but because constructive mathematics is interesting in its own right. In the 'pluralist' approach to the foundations of mathematics, a constructive proof (when it exists) is better because it is valid in more versions of mathematics, but a classical proof remains valid for classical mathematics.
Another motivation for modern mathematicians —especially category theorists like those on the nLab— is that the study of constructive mathematics has potential applications to non-constructive mathematics. For example, even if one believes the principle of excluded middle to be true, the "internal" version of excluded middle in many interesting categories is still false; thus constructive mathematics can be useful in the study of such categories, even if mathematics is "globally" non-constructive. This is the neutral motivation for constructive mathematics from the nPOV.
Here we write mostly about the mathematics, trying to be mostly neutral philosophically.
During the "foundational crisis" in mathematics around the beginning of the 20th century, a number of mathematicians espoused philosophies that are generally grouped together and labeled constructivist. The common feature of these philosophies was a rejection of axioms and principles of logic that lead to nonconstructive proofs. There was much talk at the time about potential vs absolute infinity, but from an axiomatic perspective, it turns out that (if one stops short of finitism) the two main culprits are
the axiom of choice and
the principle of excluded middle.
Thus, constructivists (including many still active today) reject proofs that make use of either of these. (In fact, it was realized in 1975 by Diaconescu that the axiom of choice implies the principle of excluded middle. Excluded middle is precisely the "finitely indexed" axiom of choice; see excluded middle for a proof.)
There are, however, differences among constructivists as well, even discounting the pluralists.
Some, like Errett Bishop, simply remove choice and excluded middle from classical mathematics with nothing to replace them. (Although this is not quite a correct and complete description of Bishop's constructive mathematics; see there.) However, this makes it difficult to define a satisfactory notion of continuous function, even from the real line to itself, without using locales; see (Waaldijk 2003).
Others add "non-classical" axioms which contradict choice or excluded middle, but which are consistent in their absence, such as "all total functions [0,1]→ℝ[0,1] \to \mathbb{R} are continuous" (the continuity axiom? of the "intuitionistic" school of L. E. J. Brouwer) or "all partial functions ℕ→ℕ\mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N} are computable" (the computability axiom? of the "Russian" school of A. A. Markov, which is also called "constructive recursive analysis").
Most accept weaker versions of choice, such as countable choice or even dependent choice. Toby Bartels argues that the intuition behind accepting these justifies the (yet stronger) presentation axiom (that the category of sets has enough projectives). On the other hand, Fred Richman rejects even these limited forms of choice; see (Richman 2000).
Still others, following Hermann Weyl, go even further and refuse to allow "impredicative" constructions; see predicative mathematics. Most of the work done by the schools of Brouwer, Bishop, and Markov (but not Richman) is also predicative, even though those founders were not adamant about it; as a result, predicativism often appears in the foundations of constructive mathematics (in particular, in those of Aczel and Martin-Löf, but not those of Friedman or Coquand).
Very extreme constructivists, like Doron Zeilberger, reject the existence of infinite sets; see finitism. (Kronecker, the 'father of constructivism', is often considered a finitist, but as he came before the foundational crisis, it is difficult to classify him accurately.) Ironically, this means that excluded middle and choice, in their naïve forms, may become acceptable, or even true. (Even constructivists believe that they are true in the category FinSet of finite sets.)
The most extreme position of all is to deny even the existence of very large finite sets. This is called ultrafinitism. This has been studied largely by Alexander Yesenin-Volpin? and (more recently) Edward Nelson; foundational systems such as soft linear logic can also be argued to have an ultrafinitist flavor. Zeilberger also claims sympathy with ultrafinitist philosophy, although his actual work fits well into a (merely) finitist framework.
Many constructivists (like many classical mathematicians) believe in an absolute mathematical sense of "truth," and that in this sense choice and excluded middle are simply wrong. (Some constructivists, using classically false axioms, can even refute them; others merely claim that no possible correct reasoning could ever prove them. See Truth versus assertability below.) To most mathematicians, this makes them seem quite strange. Other constructivists adopt a wait-and-see attitude, or even a relative notion of truth (which can seem strange in another way).
The following is a partial list of schools and subtheories of constructive mathematics:
Brouwer's intuitionistic mathematics
Russian constructivism
Bishop's constructive mathematics
constructive reverse mathematics
(at least related) explicit mathematics
With the invention of topos theory in the second half of the 20th century, a new sort of constructivism arose. It was observed (by Lawvere and others) that any topos with a natural numbers object has an internal logic which is powerful enough to interpret most of mathematics, but that this logic in general fails to satisfy choice and excluded middle. This meant that even for a mathematican who likes to use choice and excluded middle (and a fortiori for one who believes them to be "true"), there is a reason to care about what can be proven without them, because only if a proof is constructive can it be interpreted in an arbitrary topos with NNO.
Even starting from a "completely classical" world of mathematics, many interesting toposes arise naturally (such as the category of sheaves on any topological space, or more generally any site) whose internal logic is not classical logic. Then by internal reasoning in such a topos (which is constructive reasoning), one can prove various useful facts, which can then be reinterpreted as external statements about the behavior of the topos itself. For example, the constructive theorem that every one-sided real number that is both a lower real and an upper real must be located (which, classically, is an utter triviality) becomes the theorem that any semicontinuous function (from any topological space to the real line) that is both upper and lower semicontinuous must be continuous (which is at least somewhat nontrivial).
By now it is known that many of the non-classical axioms used by the early constructivists have natural models in particular toposes. For instance, in the topos of sheaves on the real numbers RR, the continuity axiom? that "all total functions R→RR \to R are continuous" holds. And in the effective topos, the computability axiom? that "all partial functions N→NN\to N are computable" holds.
However, there are no non-classical (or classical) axioms beyond "pure constructivism" that are true in all toposes with NNO. In particular, there is a free topos with NNO such that a statement is true in the free topos precisely when it is provable in pure (Richman-school) constructive mathematics. This means that for an argument to apply in all toposes, even mild assumptions such as countable or dependent choice are unacceptable (but impredicativity is fine). However, topos theory has also provided ideas that solve many of the problems with pure constructivism. For example, a well-behaved notion of "continuous function" can be recovered by using locales instead of topological spaces, which was first discovered in the context of toposes and is closely related to them in any case.
Sometimes, all that is necessary to make a piece of mathematics constructive is careful use of language. It is common in classical mathematics to define things with an unnecessary amount of negation. This doesn't work so well constructively, since a statement can be not false without being true, but we can sometimes do perfectly well by just removing unnecessary double negations.
For example, classically one often speaks about "nonempty" sets, meaning a set which "does not have no elements." Constructively it is much better to say that a set "does have at least one element"; constructivists often call such a set inhabited to remind themselves that it is a "positive" notion to replace the negative one of "nonempty". Others continue to use the word "non-empty" but understand it as a term of art that really means "inhabited".
On the other hand, differences in axiomatization or definition that make no difference classically can result in actual differences in behavior constructively. Therefore, classically equivalent notions often "bifurcate" (or "trifurcate" or worse) into multiple inequivalent constructive ones. This tends to happen whenever a concept involves negation and, to a lesser degree, disjunction and existential quantification. In some cases there is a "correct" constructive version of the definition, although it may take some thought to uncover it, but in many cases more than one of the resulting concepts is important and useful. For example:
There are multiple inequivalent constructive definitions of a field, because of the axioms "every nonzero element has an inverse" and 0≠10 \neq 1.
In pure constructive logic, the Dedekind real numbers and the Cauchy real numbers need no longer coincide. The Cauchy reals sit inside the Dedekind reals, but in general not every Dedekind real need be approximable by a sequence of rationals. From a topos-theoretic viewpoint, the Dedekind reals are usually the "correct" notion to study (if not the locale of real numbers as a whole). However, either excluded middle or countable choice suffices to ensure (via weak countable choice) that every Dedekind real is a Cauchy real, and hence that the two notions coincide; see (Bridges et al, 1998).
There are at least three different constructive notions of ordinal number; see (Taylor 1996) and (Joyal–Moerdijk 1995).
Without the axiom of choice, functors and anafunctors become distinct, and often the latter is more appropriate; see (Makkai, 1996).
Perhaps most disturbingly of all to the classical mathematician, one must distinguish between finite sets, subfinite sets, finitely-indexed sets, and even subfinitely indexed sets; see finite set for definitions. However, in practice it is usually either finite or finitely-indexed sets that are important, and with practice a little bit of thought suffices to show which is the relevant concept.
This allows one to translate classically valid theorems into intuitionistically valid theorems. See double negation translation.
Already in classical mathematics, there is a difference between saying that something is true and saying that something is provable. If you adopt ZFC because you believe it correct, then presumably you believe that ZFC is consistent even though (assuming that you're aware of certain theorems) you also know that you cannot prove it so. In that case, you also believe that the continuum hypothesis (for example) is either true or false; you may or may not have an opinion on which it is, but in any case again you know that you cannot prove it either way.
A constructive mathematician can be even subtler. If you belong to the Bishop school, then you accept no classically false axioms, and anything that you can prove is valid also in classical mathematics. Even so, you can believe that the principle of excluded middle is false (even though, of course, you know that you cannot prove it false). So you can really confuse the classical mathematicians by saying, on the one hand, that they can safely accept all of your theorems as valid, and then saying, on the other hand, that you know excluded middle to be false. The resolution, of course, is that you never claimed that this was a theorem.
This way of talking has even been formalised in (Bishop, 1967) with a convention adopted by many (but not all) of his followers. In this convention, the word 'not', used normally in a vernacular sentence whose mathematical content would otherwise be the proposition pp, changes to the content to ¬p\neg p, or p→⊥p \to \bot, as usual. (This follows all of the rules of intuitionistic logic; in particular, any statement that is 'not' true is false (just as in classical logic).) However, the word 'not', in italics as shown here, changes the content to p→xp \to x, where xx is some statement that is known (although not proved!), according to Bishop, to be false. Now a statement that is 'not' true may be false, but this may be unknown, and it is even possible that it is also 'not' false (so ¬p→x\neg p \to x, possibly for a different xx).
Bishop gives in his introduction several statements, suitable for use as xx above, including:
excluded middle itself, which Bishop call the 'principle of omniscience';
the 'limited principle of omniscience': any infinite sequence in {0,1} N\{0,1\}^N is either all 00 or has at least one 11;
the 'lesser limited principle of omniscience': for any two infinite sequence in {0,1} N\{0,1\}^N that do not both have at least one 11, at least one of these sequences does not have at least one 11;
At one point in his book, while discussing the possibility of a pointwise-continuous function [0,1]→R[0,1] \to R that is not uniformly continuous (a Specker function?, whose existence Markov's school claims as a theorem), Bishop seems to assert that this theorem is both not true and not false; he does not put it this way, so this may not be exactly what he meant, but there is no contradiction if it is. (But it is a contradiction, even in intuitionistic logic, if a statment is both not true and not false; indeed, a definition of 'false' may be taken to be 'not true'.)
This practice can be understood through a careful distinction between object language and metalanguage. A mathematical statement pp (such as the continuum hypothesis, or that a Specker function exists) belongs to the object language, as does ¬p\neg p or p→xp \to x for any specific mathematical statement xx. But the statement that pp is provable in some formal system belongs to the metalanguage (although it can also phrased internal to any object language suitable for mathematics), and as such may be written ⊢p\vdash p. The metalanguage has its own logic (the metalogic, which for the sake of argument we may even assume to be classical), but notice that ¬⊢p\neg \vdash p and ⊢¬p\vdash \neg p are different; the first claims that pp cannot be proved, while the second claims that pp can be refuted, which (in any consistent? formal system, even a classical one) is strictly stronger. Although Bishop did not commit to any formal system, if we assume for the sake of argument that he settled on one, then we may write ⊢¬p\vdash \neg p as our interpretation of his meaning when he asserts 'not pp' but ¬⊢p\neg \vdash p as his meaning when he asserts 'not pp'.
Even without the notational convention of the Bishop school, it is important when reading constructive mathematics to remember the difference between what can be refuted (proved false) and what merely cannot be proved true. Although Brouwer's and Markov's schools will sometimes claim to prove statements that are (classically) outright false (such as that every function [0,1]→R[0,1] \to R is pointwise-continuous), it is more common (and can happen in any school) that a constructive mathematician makes a claim that merely sounds false, when what they really mean is only that they don't accept what you say as true. Often modal phrases like 'not necessarily' will be used where Bishop would use 'not', as a clue that we're shifting to a metalanguage, or at least merely remaining agnostic rather than outright disagreeing.
The distinction between object language and metalanguage exists even in classical mathematics, but it seems that most classical mathematicians are not used to remembering it, although it is not entirely clear why this should be so. One possibly relevant observation is that even if PP is a statement which is neither provable nor disprovable (like the continuum hypothesis), in classical mathematics it is still provable that "PP is either true or false." Moreover, classical model theory often restricts itself to two-valued model?s in which the only truth values are "true" and "false," although classical logic still holds in Boolean-valued models, and in such a case the truth value of PP may be neither "true" nor "false," although the truth value of "PP or not PP" is still "true." Certainly when talking about classical truths which fail constructively, such as excluded middle, it is important to remember that "fails to be provable" is different from "is provably false."
Georg Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit (1807)
the following comment about mathematical proof (in section 12 Historical and mathematical proof of the Preface) might be read as being a complaint about the traditional non-constructive concept of proof and about the traditional lack of proof relevance:
All the same, while proof is essential in the case of mathematical knowledge, it still does not have the significance and nature of being a moment in the result itself; the proof is over when we get the result, and has disappeared. The process of mathematical proof does not belong to the object; it is a function that takes place outside the matter in hand.
footnote 42: Mathematical truths are not thought to be known unless proved true. Their demonstrations are not, however, kept as parts of what they prove, but are only our subjective means towards knowing the latter. In philosophy, however, consequences always form part of the essence made manifest in them, which returns to itself in such expressions.
See also earlier conceptions of proofs expressing the 'cause' of a theorem, where reductio proofs in particular were taken generally to fail. Such an idea goes back to Aristotle for whom a proper answer to the question "Why is the angle in a semicircle a right-angle?" gives its cause.
Paolo Mancosu, Philosophy of Mathematics and Mathematical Practice in the Seventeenth Century, OUP, 1996.
constrictive set theory?
constructive analysis
Concepts that usually arise in constructive mathematics, often because they are classically trivial:
proof relevance
anafunctor (classically equivalent to a functor)
apartness relation (classically complementary to an equivalence relation)
comparison (classically complementary to a transitive relation)
decidable equality (classically trivial)
decidable subset (classically trivial)
inhabited set (classically equivalent to a non-empty set)
linear order (classically complementary to a total order)
locale (classically similar to but not equivalent to a topological space)
quasiorder (classically complementary to a partial order)
subsingleton (classically equivalent to the empty set or a singleton)
Some of these are also useful internally or even classically.
Topics relevant to the foundations of constructive mathematics:
Bishop set
centipede mathematics
choice object
COSHEP
excluded middle
finite mathematics
internal logic
intuitionistic logic
Markov's principle
power set
pretopos
truth value
type theory
intuitionistic type theory
homotopy type theory
Other articles with content relating to constructive mathematics (rather incomplete):
biproduct
Cantor's theorem
cardinal number
complete lattice
countable set
cyclic order
direct sum
extended natural number system
finite set
Grothendieck topos
Hausdorff space
hereditarily finite set
infinite set
local ring
metric space
partial function
pure set
real number
Sierpinski space
simple object
sober space
topological space
Tychonoff theorem
uniform space
well-founded relation
well-order
well-ordering theorem
well-pointed topos
Zorn's lemma
In principle, every article could explain how it applies to constructive mathematics, but that will probably never happen.
There is also
constructivism and idealism?
Gentle introductions:
Douglas Bridges, Introducing constructive mathematics, Lecture Notes, Nis 2013 (pdf)
Andrej Bauer, Five Stages of Accepting Constructive Mathematics,
Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 54 (2017), 481-498 (pdf]. See also a talk at IAS March 18, 2013 (video).
Fred Richman, Interview with a constructive mathematician, Modern Logic 6 (1996), no. 3, 247–271 (MathSciNet)
Ingo Blechschmidt, Double-negation translation and CPS transforms, 2015 (pdf)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Constructive mathematics
An more technical introduction to constructive reasoning in mathematics is (with an eye towards homotopy type theory) in the introduction of:
Univalent Foundations Project, Homotopy Type Theory – Univalent Foundations of Mathematics
Other accounts:
Errett Bishop (1967). Foundations of Constructive Analysis. Rewritten with Douglas Bridges in 1985 as Constructive Analysis.
Michael J. Beeson, Foundations of Constructive Mathematics, Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete 3 6, Springer 1985 (doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68952-9, pdf)
Douglas Bridges and Fred Richman, Varieties of constructive mathematics (1987)
Douglas Bridges, Fred Richman, Peter Schuster (1998). A weak countable choice principle. Available from Fred Richman's Documents.
Michael Makkai (1996). Avoiding the axiom of choice in general category theory.
Fred Richman (2000). Constructive mathematics without choice.
Paul Taylor (1996). Intuitionistic Sets and Ordinals. Available (with several other references) at Induction, recursion, replacement and the ordinals.
André Joyal and Ieke Moerdijk (1995). Algebraic set theory.
Frank Waaldijk (2003). On the foundations of constructive mathematics - especially in relation to the theory of continuous functions (PDF).
In view of reverse mathematics:
Hajime Ishihara, Reverse Mathematics in Bishop's Constructive Mathematics, Philosophia Scientiæ, CS 6 (2006) (doi:10.4000/philosophiascientiae.406, pdf)
Hannes Diener, Constructive Reverse Mathematics, 2018 (arXiv:1804.05495, dspace:ubsi/1306)
General comments on intuitionistic mathematics/logic as the natural language for physics are in
Andrej Bauer, Intuitionistic mathematics for physics, August 2008
For more on physics formalized in intuitionistic mathematics (notably in topos theory) see at geometry of physics.
For an emphasis on proof relevance, see:
Robert Harper, Constructive Mathematics is not Metamathematics (2013)
Most books on topos theory include some discussion of toposes' internal constructive logic. One good reference is:
Peter Johnstone (2003). Sketches of an elephant. Part D (in volume 2).
A historical account is in
Anne Sjerp Troelstra, History of Constructivism in the Twentieth Century (1991). (pdf)
The relation to realizability and computability is discussed in
Andrej Bauer, Realizability as connection between constructive and computable mathematics, in T. Grubba, P. Hertling, H. Tsuiki, and Klaus Weihrauch, (eds.) CCA 2005 - Second International Conference on Computability and Complexity in Analysis, August 25-29,2005, Kyoto, Japan, ser. Informatik Berichte, vol. 326-7/2005. FernUniversität Hagen, Germany, 2005, pp. 378–379. (pdf)
See also the references at intuitionistic mathematics for more.


text:
meander apparel
Don't let that sunny weather last week fool you. We live in a country where you can be sunburnt one day and be suffering from frostbite the next! To keep you commuting through the mucky weather, Meander have launched a stylish range proving that you can conquer the British weather! And because you, yes you the reader, are viewing this as part of the notinthepeloton community, there's a special offer on their Indiegogo page...just have a read and a scroll to find the offer!
Scottish-based Meander will enter the cycling sector with a vision to provide cyclists and outdoor lovers a new take on lifestyle clothing. Its launch product – a multi-functional commuter jacket – will be available exclusively via Indiegogo.com this April, offering premium at an affordable price, without the luxury retailer mark-up.
Equally suited to the style-savvy commuter or the casual weekend adventurer, Meander's new jacket has been developed to offer the rider style and functionality in equal measure, whilst staying true to its brand mission to create sustainable, timeless pieces.
The chic jacket combines high-performance Italian fabrics, made from environmentally friendly materials, with innovative features. The design ensures cyclists look the part whilst on and off the bike and a clever back pocket design allows the wearer to convert the jacket into a bag or attach it under their saddle. Its lightweight, waterproof and breathable material protects the cyclist in changing weather conditions and is fit for purpose for wider exercise, hiking or adventure activities.
Brought to market by Co-Founders Steve and Jill Henry, of Edinburgh, Meander Apparel was conceived when the pair noted a glaring hole in the availability of fashionable clothing for the commuter cyclist. Keen cyclists themselves, Steve and Jill organised a charity bike ride from London to Paris with friends and were struck by the drabness of the lifestyle clothing on offer.
Jill boasts experience working for London designer House of Holland and various influential menswear brands, while Steve comes from a career in the finance and asset management industry and has a degree in engineering. He is also a serial ultra-marathon runner and adventurer, with a Guinness World Record to his name for taking part in the most northern game of rugby at the North Pole. This endeavour raised £200,000 for children's rugby charity, Wooden Spoon.
Steve comments, "The London to Paris bike ride demonstrated the need for something that was comfortable and functional for cycling but that we could also wear when off the bike and socialising with friends after the day's riding. It had to be style and yet functional but we couldn't find anything that fitted the bill. Lycra and neon jackets have their place but they're not ideal for wearing in a social setting. A lot of gear isn't even fully waterproof and breathable."
The new jacket subtly incorporates all the technical features you'd expect from cycle wear without compromising on design. After two years of sourcing, prototyping and refinement, the result is stylish, high-performance and multi-functional. The Italian fabric is waterproof, breathable and lightweight and a match for any technical outerwear. There are reflective elements on the cuffs and rear pocket, that can be hidden away when not cycling, as well as in the seam tape on the hood.
For the gadget-loving cyclist, the jacket features plenty of pocket space and an interior phone pocket with headphone eyelet. What's more, Meander uses materials sourced from a responsible, family-run factory on Lake Como, which is able to sustain itself with clean, eco-friendly energy.
For the ultimate convenience to the rider, a cleverly designed back pouch allows the jacket to fold away neatly, forming an effective rucksack or messenger bag while still providing access to the pockets. Those who don't wish to carry the jacket can roll it up and secure it under their saddle thanks to high-end vegetable tan leather straps, the solutions for which are made from organic substances. The jacket also comes with a lifetime repair service."
Jill adds, "After two years in the R&D phase, we're excited to bring Meander to market. We're really passionate about combining our love of cycling and the outdoors with Scandinavian style and minimalist designs in a sustainable way. We want our products to last a lifetime so we're offering a repair service on any wear and tear that can be mended and we're committed to using environmentally friendly materials to achieve this, creating as little waste as possible."
Once Meander has completed its initial phase of crowdfunding, it plans to expand its range to fully cater for commuter cyclists and outdoor lovers, continuing to work with sustainable suppliers and recycled fabrics wherever possible. Anyone interested in receiving updates on when the Meander jacket will be launched need only sign up at: https://meanderapparel.com/subscribe.
For additional information about Meander, please visit the Meander Apparel website. Meanwhile, follow the brand on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter.


BIZ College (BC) is an Academy Unit of Chamber of Commerce and Industries Trincomalee is a relatively small situated in Chamber complex. BC is a Non-profit and Non-governmental organization established in 2006. The College has established a reputation for excellence and visionary thinking in its efforts to improve teaching and learning across our nation and world, particularly within the contexts of urban and global education. BC work to the advantage of our students, who often enjoy the individual, personal attention that only a small college can provide and, at the same time, attend classes that offer an impressive array of intellectual challenges and rewards.