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Home » Women's Health (Genecological Disorders; Obstetrics, Pregnancy and Childbirth-related Diseases) » Menstruation (Period) » All About Menstruation (Period): Normal Menstruation Cycle, Painful and Absence
All About Menstruation (Period): Normal Menstruation Cycle, Painful and Absence
By Neha MittalUpdated: January 18, 2023 9 Mins Read
What is menstruation? Why do periods occur?
1 What is menstruation? Why do periods occur?
2 What is menstrual cycle (menstrual cycle)? What is the normal menstrual flow?
3 What are the different phases of menstrual cycle? What happens to you when you get your period?
4 What is premenstrual syndrome or PMS?
5 What is the first sign of your period? How do you know if your period is coming?
6 What are the complications due to improper menstruation?
7 How to manage premenstrual syndrome or PMS?
Menstruation is defined as a vaginal bleeding which occurs every month in females. It is a part of a woman's regular monthly cycle. Menstruation is also known as period.
It usually begins between the age of 11 and 14, which is termed as menarche and ends nearly at the age to 51, which is known as menopause. Menstruation occurs every month for a duration of 6 days in which continuous blood flows from the vagina. Besides bleeding, a woman experiences cramps and pain in abdomen, lower back and legs, mood swings, etc.
During period, the menstrual blood leaves a woman's body through vagina. Along with the blood, the inner lining of the uterus is also shed away. In the later days of the period, the inner lining of the uterus regrows and starts preparing the uterus for pregnancy.
The normal length of time between two menstrual cycles is 21 to 45 days in young women, and 21 to 31 days in adults. Menstruation stops during pregnancy and usually resume after the initial months of breastfeeding.
What is menstrual cycle (menstrual cycle)? What is the normal menstrual flow?
Menstrual cycle is referred to the monthly occurrence of menstrual bleeding. If the bleeding occurs regularly without any delay or other complication, then it can be inferred that the woman's fertility organs are working properly.
Any change in the monthly cycle can be a sign of some complication. Therefore, it is always advisable to consult a doctor in case any irregularity is observed.
Menstrual cycle prepares a woman's body for pregnancy every month. It also provides certain chemicals, known as hormones, to keep her healthy. A normal menstrual cycle is 28 days long. It usually starts from the first day of period and goes up to the first day of next period.
The menstrual cycle involves functioning of many hormones and their interactions. The major set of hormones involved in a woman's monthly cycle is as follows:
Oestrogen or estrogen and Progesterone (secreted by ovaries)
Luteinising hormone and Follicle stimulating hormone (secreted by pituitary glands)
Hormones secreted by hypothalamus
Proper interaction between these hormones results in a proper regulation of the cycle.
What are the different phases of menstrual cycle? What happens to you when you get your period?
During a menstrual cycle, the inner lining of uterus continuously sheds and then regrows. This process occurs from the day 1 of the cycle to the day 1 of the next cycle. During the progression of a menstrual cycle, a series of hormonal interactions occur which are very important for maintaining a regularity in periods.
The menstrual cycle is divided into three major phases namely:
the menstrual phase (lasts for about 1- 5 days),
the proliferative phase (lasts for about 6-14 days), and
the secretory phase (lasts for 15-28 days).
A woman has two ovaries which also follows a proper cycle for releasing egg. This cycle is known as ovarian cycle. In this cycle, a woman's ovaries prepare the egg and release it during ovulation phase. This process is further classified into two phases known as the follicular phase (lasts for the 1 to 14 days) and the luteal phase (lasts for 15 to 28 days). During these phases, various hormones are released which differ in their level of secretion.
The three phases of menstrual cycle are as follows:
Menstrual Phase
Menstrual phase lasts for about 3 to 5 days. On the day 1 of the phase, a woman's menstrual bleeding starts in which her uterus starts shedding its thickened inner lining, known as endometrium along with blood through the vagina.
This is the phase in which a woman experiences pain and cramps in her abdomen, lower back, legs and other parts of her body. This pain can range from mild to severe depending upon the woman's monthly cycle. Around 100 to 150 ml of blood is released out from the body but it can also vary from one woman to another.
Proliferative phase or Follicular phase
On the last day of menstrual bleeding or period, a woman's body starts preparing for ovulation. A hormone, called follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted from pituitary glands. This hormone helps in stimulating the ovaries to produce a mature egg. One mature egg is normally produced in one menstrual cycle.
During the maturing process of egg, a hormone, called estrogen is released from the ovaries which help in nourishing the inner lining of the uterus. Estrogen thickens the inner lining of the uterus wall with proper blood supply and nutrients so that it can provide a proper support in case pregnancy occurs.
This phase also experiences ovulation in which the mature egg is released into the fallopian tube and moves toward the uterus. Another hormone known as progesterone is also released by the ovaries which also help in keeping the inner lining of the uterus intact. Here, the egg can survive for 12 to 22 hours. It can occur anytime from 7th day to 22nd day of the cycle.
Secretary phase
This is the end phase of one menstrual cycle. If occurs only when the egg is not fertilized with the sperm. This phase lasts for 14 to 15 days in which the level of hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone in the uterus decreases. This results in reducing the supply of blood and nutrients to the endometrium (inner lining of the uterus). Due to this, the blood vessels present in the inner lining of uterus shrinks and the cells start to die and shed. This results in the menstrual bleeding. From here a new menstrual cycle starts.
What is premenstrual syndrome or PMS?
Premenstrual syndrome is normally referred to as PMS. PMS is a set of symptoms which are experienced by a woman at the time of her period.
During the periods, the body experiences a sudden rise and fall in the levels of hormones. These changes or fluctuations result in certain changes in the body that affect the mood.
Progesterone hormone plays a major role in the progression of PMS. As the level of progesterone increases during periods, a woman experiences an increase in her stress level. This stress leads to major mood swings.
What is the first sign of your period? How do you know if your period is coming?
Some common signs of PMS experienced by a woman are:
Pain and cramps in various parts of the body
Bloated stomach
Tender or sore breasts
As the menstrual cycle progresses and the level of hormones decreases, the above PMS symptoms improve. Usually, these signs are very prominent in the initial 3 days of the cycle but decreases with the progression of time.
What are the complications due to improper menstruation?
There are many complications which can occur in a woman having periods. Some of the major complications are as follows:
Amenorrhea is a condition in which a woman experiences the lack of monthly periods or absence of periods in young girls who haven't started her monthly cycle by the age of 15 or woman who haven't had her period for approximately 90 days.
Missing periods can be due to many reasons such as:
Major weight loss
Medical condition which may need urgent treatment
Apart from pregnancy or breastfeeding, missing periods can be a sign of some problem in the reproductive part of the body. It might be an indication that the ovaries are not able to produce estrogen properly. In such cases, it becomes important to consult a doctor.
Dysmenorrhea is a condition of painful periods in which a woman experiences severe cramps. Menstrual cramps in young teens occur due to the presence of too much of a chemical called prostaglandin.
Although many young girls with dysmenorrheal do not experience serious disease, but the cramps can be severe. In older women, the severe pain is caused due to a disease like uterine fibroids or endometriosis.
Abnormal uterine bleeding is also known as vaginal bleeding and is very different from vaginal bleeding. It involves:
Bleeding between periods
Spotting anytime in the menstrual cycle
Bleeding after sex
Bleeding after menopause
Heavy bleeding more than normal days
Abnormal bleeding in woman can occur due to any reason. It is very important for a woman to consult a doctor to know the actual reason.
How to manage premenstrual syndrome or PMS?
Since, menstrual cycle is an every month phenomenon, its proper management is necessary. There are various methods which can be utilized to control premenstrual syndrome. Some of them are:
Medications for menstrual cramps
In some cases, the cramps or the pain can be severe and it is not possible to handle them naturally. In such cases, various pain medications are prescribed by a doctor. Some of the medicines are as follows:
Ibuprofen like advil, motrin, etc
Ketoprofen like orudis KT
Naproxen like Aleve.
Use of disposable products
Various disposable products are available in the market which can be used to properly handle menstrual bleeding. For example:
Sanitary napkins are the rectangular pieces of absorbing material with an adhesive back for holding the napkin in the place. It is generally made up of wood pulp or a gel product and used for absorbing blood. These napkins should be changed approximately after 6 hours in order to prevent any infection.
Tampons are disposable cylinders which are normally made up of rayon or cotton blends. It is inserted into the vagina to absorb menstrual flow.
Disposable menstrual Cups
Menstrual cups are small cups shaped devices, made up of soft, flexible plastic material. It is inserted in the vagina to collect and hold the menstrual flow.
Resuable products
There are some reusable products which are also used to manage the menstrual flow. For example:
Menstrual cup is a bell shaped device which is made up of silicone. It is used to hold menstrual flow.
Sea sponges
Sea sponges are the naturally occurring sponges, which are worn in the vagina like a tampon to absorb the menstrual bleeding.
Regular exercise is a gateway to a good health. At least 15 minutes of exercise everyday is always recommended. Exercise helps in relieving stress, stretching muscles and feeling fresh. It also helps in relieving pain.
It is very important to get a sleep of 7 hours to relax the muscles and regain energy for next day work.
It is important for a woman on period to have a proper healthy diet. Food items containing too much of sugar, salt, and caffeine should be avoided. During these days, intake of fruits and vegetables should be increased as it provides proper vitamins and minerals to the body.
Neha Mittal
Neha Mittal completed graduation in Biotechnology from Graphics Era University, Dehradun and Masters in Biotechnology from Amity University, Noida. In the past, she worked with Sharon Biomedicine Ltd., DUKES Products Ltd., and Forest Research Institute, Dehradun as researcher in biotechnology. Neha loves singing and dancing in leisure time. She also enjoys traveling and maintains a collection of great novels.
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by Jake Orr | posted in: Reviews, Writings | 0
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Hillsboro Hops News
Tri-City Beats Hops to Force Deciding 5th Game
Dust Devils blank Hops 6-0
By Rich Burk / Hillsboro Hops | September 11, 2019 2:00 AM
PASCO, WASH. --- Matthew Acosta hit a two-run home run off Hillsboro Hops starter Marcos Tineo in the bottom of the second to put the Tri-City Dust Devils up 2-0, and Tri-City went on to a 6-0 win on Tuesday night at Gesa Stadium to force a fifth and deciding game of the 2019 Northwest League Championship Series.
It was the second remarkable bounce-back of the series for Tri-City. The Dust Devils suffered stunning ninth-inning losses in games one and three, but in each case bounced back for lopsided wins.
Many of the Hops' wounds were self-inflicted. With the score still 2-0 in the bottom of the fifth, Hillsboro left-hander Liu Fuenmayor walked the first two men to face him, then got an out on a force play at second. Right-hander Yan Sanchez --- the former Hops infielder, now in his first year as a pitcher --- came in and walked all three batters he faced, forcing home two runs. Nick Gatewood then hit a sacrifice fly off of Justin Garcia to make it 5-0, and the Dust Devils had scored three times without a base hit.
Tri-City tacked on a run in the sixth on another sacrifice fly, this one off the bat of Logan Driscoll.
Unlike the first seven innings of Monday's game three, the Hops had their chances in game four. With an opportunity for a momentum-building lead in the top of the first, they left a runner at second. That would set the tone for the night: Hillsboro had seven hits, drew two walks, and had another base runner on an error... but the Hops went 0-for-11 with runners in scoring position.
Incredibly, Hillsboro lost just twice by more than four runs during the 76-game regular season, but they've already suffered two such defeats in the first four games of this series.
The deciding game of the Championship Series will be Wednesday night at 7:15 at Tri-City. Right-hander Connor Grammes will start for Hillsboro. He was 0-1 with a 4.11 ERA during the regular season in nine games (six starts). He will be opposed by righty Nick Thwaits, who was 4-3, 4.66 for Tri-City.
Wednesday's radio pregame show begins at 6:45 PM on Rip City Radio 620 AM, and on the internet at www.RipCityRadio.com.
This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues or its clubs.


The role will involve working in a fast-paced and unique retail environment to publish quality content for their digital platforms.
The ideal candidate will have a degree in web production/development or equivalent experience as well as having solid experience in working with CMS and publishing regular content. Knowledge of front end development using HTML 5 and CSS 3 and proficiency in application of web usability, accessibility W3C protocols and cross browser compatibility is essential for the role.
If you have the valuable experience, the ability to multitask and prioritise your own workload and can deliver exceptional results please click the apply button to send your CV to Nicole Levy remembering to state your daily rate/salary expectations.


Two rocking chairs with barrel table and accessories.
Each chair has 22 single animations (11 female, 11 male) and 20 couple – cuddle animations.
Animations are in Avsitter 2 with adjust and swap functions, support for an auto seat and pose assignment based on the avatar's shape gender.


Anthony Santos (born July 25, 1981), known professionally as Romeo Santos, is an American singer, songwriter, actor, record producer, and former lead vocalist of the Bachata band Aventura. In 2002, the song "Obsesión" reached number one in Italy for 16 consecutive weeks. He released several albums with Aventura before the group broke up. Since then, Santos has embarked on a solo career which in seven years has spawned seven number one songs on the Hot Latin Songs chart and thirteen number ones on the Tropical Songs chart.


text:
<?php

namespace Platformsh\Cli\Tests;

use Platformsh\Cli\Local\LocalBuild;

class LocalBuildTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{

    const TOOLSTACK_NAMESPACE = 'Platformsh\\Cli\\Local\\Toolstack\\';

    public function testToolstackDetectionDrupal()
    {
        $toolstackClassName = self::TOOLSTACK_NAMESPACE . 'Drupal';
        $appRoot = 'tests/data/apps/drupal/project';

        $builder = new LocalBuild();

        $appConfig = array('type' => 'php', 'build' => array('flavor' => 'drupal'));
        $toolstackWithConfig = $builder->getToolstack($appRoot, $appConfig);
        $this->assertInstanceOf($toolstackClassName, $toolstackWithConfig, 'Detect Drupal app from config');

        $toolstackNoConfig = $builder->getToolstack($appRoot);
        $this->assertInstanceOf($toolstackClassName, $toolstackNoConfig, 'Detect Drupal app from makefile-based file structure');
    }

    public function testToolstackDetectionSymfony()
    {
        $toolstackClassName = self::TOOLSTACK_NAMESPACE . 'Symfony';
        $appRoot = 'tests/data/apps/symfony';

        $builder = new LocalBuild();

        $appConfig = array('type' => 'php', 'build' => array('flavor' => 'symfony'));
        $toolstackWithConfig = $builder->getToolstack($appRoot, $appConfig);
        $this->assertInstanceOf($toolstackClassName, $toolstackWithConfig, 'Detect Symfony app from config');

        $toolstackNoConfig = $builder->getToolstack($appRoot);
        $this->assertInstanceOf($toolstackClassName, $toolstackNoConfig, 'Detect Symfony app from file structure');
    }

    /**
     * Test the special case of HHVM toolstack types being the same as PHP.
     */
    public function testToolstackAliasHhvm()
    {
        $toolstackClassName = self::TOOLSTACK_NAMESPACE . 'Symfony';
        $appRoot = 'tests/data/apps/vanilla';
        $appConfig = array('type' => 'hhvm:3.7', 'build' => array('flavor' => 'symfony'));

        $builder = new LocalBuild();

        $toolstack = $builder->getToolstack($appRoot, $appConfig);
        $this->assertInstanceOf($toolstackClassName, $toolstack, 'Detect HHVM Symfony app from config');
    }

    public function testToolstackDetectionMultiple()
    {
        $fakeRepositoryRoot = 'tests/data/repositories/multiple';

        $builder = new LocalBuild();
        $applications = $builder->getApplications($fakeRepositoryRoot);
        $this->assertCount(6, $applications, 'Detect multiple apps');
    }

    public function testToolstackDetectionNone()
    {
        $toolstackClassName = self::TOOLSTACK_NAMESPACE . 'NoToolstack';
        $fakeAppRoot = 'tests/data/apps';

        $builder = new LocalBuild();
        $this->assertInstanceOf($toolstackClassName, $builder->getToolstack($fakeAppRoot), 'File structure does not indicate a specific toolstack');
    }

    public function testGetAppConfig()
    {
        $fakeAppRoot = 'tests/data/repositories/multiple/simple';

        $builder = new LocalBuild();
        $config = $builder->getAppConfig($fakeAppRoot);
        $this->assertEquals(array('name' => 'simple'), $config);
    }

    public function testGetAppConfigNested()
    {
        $fakeAppRoot = 'tests/data/repositories/multiple/nest/nested';

        $builder = new LocalBuild();
        $config = $builder->getAppConfig($fakeAppRoot);
        $this->assertEquals(array('name' => 'nested1'), $config);
    }
}


A pizza boy is wandering the crowded streets of LEGO® City, and it's your job to find him! This Search-and-Find book is filled with amazing detailed scenes starring all of your favorite LEGO City characters. Once you've found the pizza boy, there are tons of other cool things to look for. It is hours of LEGO fun!!


Published 04/19/2019 04:28:33 am at 04/19/2019 04:28:33 am in 3 Light Vanity.
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Dr Nimit Gupta is a seasoned academician in the area of outcome based education. He is a certified marketing trainer trained by Dr Philip Kotler. He is qualified marketing expert from University of British Columbia, Canada and Kyoto University, Japan. He has more than 13 years of experience in Teaching, Academic Administration, Consultancy and Research at reputed management institutes of Delhi NCR in the area of Marketing. Before Joining Fortune institute of International Business, Delhi, as Associate Professor & Area Chairperson-Marketing, he had worked with Jaipuria Institute of Management, Noida and Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management Studies (affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University), Delhi. He had worked in various capacities as Programme Director, Internship Coordinator, NBA Team Member, Marketing Club Coordinator, Governing Board Member (Faculty Representative), Examination Controller to name a few. He has presented 30+ research papers/cases/articles in National and International Seminars organized by IIM (A), FMS, IIT (M), BIMTECH, IMT etc He has published 45+ research papers/cases/articles in journals of repute including Journal of Digital and Social Media, Journal of Teaching and Case Studies, Journal of Marketing and Communication, International Journal of Customer Relations, Indian Journal of Marketing etc. He is a prolific case writer and his cases are available in Case Centre for class room usage. He is recipient of several scholastic performance awards including Best Case Award: Case Centre (USA), Best Case Writing Mentor- Katastasi, Excellence in Research Award: DIAS, MATES- Best Faculty Awardee, Salam Delhi Excellence in Education Awardee, ECONS & CEE-Award for Outstanding Contribution in Higher Education, APAR India-Vishisht Sewa Awardee, RDIAS- Best Paper Awardee, BVIMR- Best Paper Awardee etc. He is an Accredited Management Teacher from AIMA and has been instrumental in organizing MDPs in Marketing Management in association with Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Govt of India. He had conducted MDPs for organizations like TCI, Coromandel, NFL etc as a corporate trainer. He had conducted FDPs for various institutes/ universities across Delhi-NCR. He is also a reviewer and on editorial board of many national and international journals of repute. He had served as a Session Chair/Track Chair /Moderator/Panel Member in various national and international conferences. He can be reached at www.drnimitgupta.com.
Luxury Marketing, Services Marketing, Marketing Management, Retail Marketing, Marketing Strategies and Research.
Gupta Nimit: Permission-Based E-Mail Marketing In The Indian Context: Factors Affecting Consumer Consent, Journal of Digital & Social Media Marketing, Vol 4, No. 2 , pp 191-198, 2016- ABDC Ranked.


text:
SCUF Infinity1 Review – Truly Capable and Heavily Customizable
Mack Ashworth Wednesday, August 29, 2018
Gamers have evolved to become highly competitive, battling for victory royales, chicken dinners, and all other types of first place finishes. eSports has grown to become more popular than ever, with the best of the best competing in many different games across many different genres. Though natural talent and experience is definitely a factor when it comes to being the greatest, there are also some pro-tier accessories that can help to enhance those abilities. One these tools is the SCUF Infinity1, a customizable Xbox and PC gamepad that boasts a number of unique features which can give players the edge. Depending on the customization options chosen, the Infinity1 can become almost unrecognizable when sat beside the standard Xbox One pad. After receiving an exceptionally red version for review, and giving it a month of use in Fortnite, Halo 5, and Black Ops 4, it's finally time to put fingers to keyboard and tell you my thoughts.
SCUF Infinity1 Review: Mad for Paddles
If I were to tell you every little feature that made the SCUF Infinity1 stand out when compared to the standard pad, we'd be here all day. As the company itself boasts, the Infinity1 has 22 patented features, and another 59 that are pending patents. The most notable of these enhancements are the Paddle Control System, which adds up to four paddles to the rear of the controller; the FPS Trigger Stops and Adjustable Hair Trigger Mechanism, which combine to make inputs quicker and the player fire faster; and the Electro Magnetic Remapping (EMR) support, which allows players to quickly remap the paddles' functions.
If you're a console player who wants to get an advantage that you can see and feel working, you need to get a gamepad that has paddles. While cheaper alternatives are available — I've bought and broken a few myself — SCUF's buttons are clicky and give a satisfying, premium-feeling tactile feedback. What's more, there are four of them, mapped by default to the A, B, X, and Y buttons. Being able to simultaneously hit a face button while maneuvering with the right analog stick, means jumping to evade while still aiming and shooting is now possible and comfortable to pull off. (Claw users, take note!) The SCUF Infinity1's paddle placement is spot on, climbing to the top of my personal "Best Paddle System" list. Other third-party controllers have come close, but I've often found them too sensitive and easy to press, resulting in accidental inputs that caused me to lose engagements. That simply won't happen with the Infinity1, as the paddles demand just enough force from the user, hitting the sweet spot.
SCUF Infinity1 Review: Noteworthy Extras
Another tangible advantage that the Infinity1 provides is felt when firing semi-automatic weapons. Tap firing becomes much easier thanks to the Trigger Stop and Hair Trigger combo, which speed up the actuation time of the RT and LT shoulder buttons, and also quicken the reset time, meaning follow-up shots can be fired off in rapid succession. The included hex key allows for fine-tuning, which came in especially useful when switching between Halo 5 and Black Ops 4, the latter of which demanded that I tune the LT so that I wasn't constantly zoomed in. Adjustments are quick and easy, and the benefits are worth it.
EMR is a cool optional extra, too, adding additional customization to the paddles, with players able to change the factory standard layout to any assortment of A, B, X, Y, Left D-Pad, Right D-Pad, LS Down, and RS Down. This can be omitted if you never plan to change the arrangement, but having the option is nice for future-proofing in case the next hot game doesn't use "A" to jump, or "B" to melee.
SCUF Infinity1 Review: Built to Last
The biggest highlight for me when it comes to the Infinity1 — aside from the existence of the paddles which I seriously cannot game without — is the modularity. The ability to switch out different elements of the pad, to change up the feel or to make repairs, is fantastic. Though the Infinity1 already feels very solid and I'm sure it will last a long time, the added benefit of being able to buy new paddles and thumbsticks really adds peace of mind, and makes me much happier about recommending this custom controller to any console enthusiasts.
Older SCUF controllers were less easily repairable, and with only three months of limited warranty, were tough to endorse. With the now extended six months of warranty, combined with the modularity, I feel much better about saying that this $120+ controller is worth the investment.
SCUF Infinity1 Review: The Elite-phant in the Room
It would be remiss of me to not mention the other popular premium custom pad out there, as the Xbox One Elite Controller is most certainly a thing, and boasts some of its own unique quirks that make it a real contender at $150. If you're going in hard with SCUF's optional extras, it's easy to push the Infinity1 to above $150 and beyond, and that's when you need to start weighing up whether or not you need SCUF's extensive color customization, better paddles, overall lighter weight, and more comfortable grip. Fortunately, there is also a third option for those of you who want a combination of the Infinity1 and the Xbox One Elite Controller, and that is the SCUF Elite, which might be worth looking into.
For maximum customization in both aesthetics and functionality, the SCUF Infinity1 is the way to go. Whether it's to stand out in a competitive environment, to show support for your favorite eSports team with official SCUF pro variants, or to enjoy a little selfish splurge that will help you get the drop on less well-equipped players, the Infinity1 has seemingly infinite options, gets the job done, and looks great while doing so.
SCUF Infinity1 review unit was provided by Scuf Gaming.
Tags: Controller, feature, hardware, review, SCUF, Scuf Gaming, SCUF Infinity1, tech


Commerce students can resort to numerous career making avenues via commerce entrance exams. Specially, commerce entrance exams after 12th helps students decide early the graph of their career. There are a number of entrance exams for commerce students and for those students who have studied in the commerce field in class 10+2. Some important commerce entrance exams include ICSI Company Secretaries (CS), ICAI Chartered Accountants (CA) and DU DSE M.Com. Entrance Test.
This page provides information to students who are looking for entrance exams for commerce stream. While some of you are here to look for options after 10+2, some of you might be looking for post graduation exams. All entrance exams for commerce students are given here along with details of who can apply, how to take the test, and so on.
Commerce is the branch of business. It is related to the exchange of goods and services. It plays very important role in changing the business world. Commerce education provides a wide arena of career options that would bring success and financial security. To avail admissions in the commerce courses, the aspirant needs to appear in the Commerce Entrance Exams 2016 – 2017. These entrance exams help the candidates to choose their career in the various fields. A list of top Commerce Entrance Exams 2017 – 2018 which admit the students in the various courses is mentioned here.
CS – ICSI company secretary exam is conducted every year to offer admissions in this full – time course. To appear in this examination, the aspirant have to satisfy the eligibility requirements. Also, the applicant must have scored minimum aggregate in previous studies as well. This entrance exam is usually conducted in the months of May and November every year.
Examinations other than CPT, exam are usually conducted twice a year in May and November. CPT is organized twice a year in June and December. It also handles examination relating to the post – qualification courses.
It offers three courses namely foundation course, intermediate course and final course. The exam is usually conducted in the month of June every year. Cost and accounts management accounts professional plays a vital role in the socio – economic context.
DU DSE Entrance exam is the commerce entrance examination which is organized to impart admissions in the masters of commerce. It is the postgraduate, full – time two years program. It is basically university level examination. The candidate will get 2 hours to complete the entrance examination. It is the objective exam which comprises of the multiple choice examination. The exam will have 130 MCQs. The syllabus is based on the bachelor degree syllabus of the University of Delhi. To appear in the examination, the student must have passed bachelor degree with minimum 50% aggregate marks.
Patna Women's College B.Com Entrance examination is the college based examination which is conducted to offer admission in the B.Com. It is one of the recognized Commerce Entrance Exams 2016 – 2017. This exam is usually organized in the month of June every year. The exam is objective in nature and held probably in the offline mode. Duration of the exam is 2 hours and 15 minutes. No negative marking is applicable of the wrong answer. The exam will be of 100 marks. Approximately, 50% is the qualifying marks for general category candidates and 45% is the qualifying marks for the reserved category candidates.


text:
Abortion and the cash crux
July 17, 2012 jcjosAdmin	Leave a comment
Abortion and the cash crux.
A British-based group is assisting Irishwomen in need of material help who are travelling for abortions in the UK, writes CAROL RYAN
'THERE IS this belief that if you make abortion against the law you stop abortion, but you don't. All you do is you make it inconvenient for women and couples that have financial resources and you make it desperate for women and couples who don't."
American mother-of-one Mara Clarke is the founder of Abortion Support Network (ASN), a London-based organisation that offers finance and accommodation to Irish women travelling to the UK for an abortion.
ASN was set up in 2009, inheriting the work of a grassroots network called the Irish Women's Abortion Support Group that operated in the early 1980s. She is scathing about the burden that Ireland's abortion laws put on women with little or no money. The cost of an abortion in the UK, before factoring in travel and accommodation costs, varies from €400 to €1,600, depending on how far along the woman is in her pregnancy. "We are here to bring a little bit of equality to abortion access. Women with money have options . . . we help the women who the only thing standing between them and ending an unplanned pregnancy is money."
Eve (not her real name) had a crisis pregnancy last October and contacted ASN seeking their help to cover part of the cost of an abortion. After receiving money, she travelled to a clinic in Liverpool in November. "Irish women have to worry about the cost of flights; if you have to stay overnight you need to pay for accommodation, the cost of the procedure, and if you have children already you have to worry who is going to mind them for the day. It makes things much harder . . . I had to borrow from a moneylender with a ridiculous amount of interest," she says.
ASN says it gave money in June to a couple who already had a large family and were facing an unplanned pregnancy. They explained that under normal circumstances they would have continued with the pregnancy, but decided to have an abortion because they were undergoing financial hardship since the husband had lost his job.
Another young couple who recently contacted the network had been trying to raise money for an abortion for months. By the time they had saved enough they found they had been pushed into the next price bracket, and the woman was almost at the legal limit of 24 weeks.
ASN's "abortion fund" is, unsurprisingly, controversial. Unlike in the US where hundreds of similar networks have been set up to give women without health insurance access to safe abortion, ASN is the only fund of its kind in Europe, and the only network offering help specifically to Irishwomen. Online comments about it range from claims it "encourages the damaging of families, the killing of children, [and] encourages young people to engage in casual sex", to praise for the work of a "fantastic organisation".
Asked to comment on the work of ASN, spokesperson for The Life Institute Niamh Ui Bhriain said: "It is sad that if people are going to put time and money into a crisis pregnancy situation that they wouldn't try to protect both human lives involved. I wouldn't like to think [ASN] put ideological beliefs ahead of what is best for women in these situations, or that to them the right to have an abortion is more important than what is right for the woman involved."
She says there are anti-abortion groups offering practical help to women facing unplanned pregnancies. "People need to know that there are organisations like Life and Freya Care who will help women to have their babies. [Freya Care] recently counselled a woman who didn't have any money and was very panicked, very fearful. Phone calls were made and one woman in the midlands who runs a baby shop sent up a brand new cot. Other people sent money or baby clothes and she got through it. That kind of thing happens a lot under the radar but it doesn't get commented on."
Demand for ASN's service now outstrips the amount of money they have to give. Figures released by the Department of Health in Britain show the number of Irish women travelling to the UK for abortions has fallen for the 10th year in a row from a peak of 6,673 in 2001 to 4,149 in 2011. However, calls to ASN have tripled since 2009, perhaps due to financial pressures caused by the recession. "We constantly hear 'unemployed', 'recession', 'benefits' and 'can't find work'," says Clarke. "In our first year we were hearing from five women a month, in our second year we were hearing from 17 and in our third year we are averaging 28 to 30 women a month."
ASN is a registered charity and relies on public donations which come in from individuals in Ireland, England, Sweden, Germany, America, Canada, France and Mexico. Thirty volunteers are involved in running the network. They act as hosts, putting women up in their homes when they come over for an abortion, and they also work shifts answering calls on the organisation's helpline.
Gillian Ni Cheallaigh is one of two Irish women volunteering with the network. She had an abortion in 1995 while a student and says that while it was the right decision, having to travel to Britain made the experience "more traumatic than it needed to be". She has lived in the UK for several years and got involved with the network when it was set up in 2009.
"I felt this was a practical way to offer support. I know Irish society and how difficult it can be for anyone to talk about abortion . . . I thought that I could offer a balance to that. I feel very strongly that it is only when Irish women who have had abortions start speaking out and naming themselves that there is any hope of Irish society realising that abortion is something that happens to women they know all the time."
If you want to donate to the Abortion Support Network this is how: http://www.abortionsupport.org.uk/support-us/donate/
Previous PostPro choice demo at Lenister House 11th July 2012Next PostIreland's ProChoice Movement.


Measuring only 33″ across, this hanging Chevron Credit Cards Round Porcelain Sign is vibrant with its blue and red color contrasting with the white detail. The sign hangs from above. The text on this sign reads "Chevron Credit Cards Accepted. The "V" in "Chevron" has wings the go off to the upper left.


text:
from __future__ import print_function
import six
import time
from numpy import *
import acq4.util.ptime as ptime  ## platform-independent precision timing
from collections import OrderedDict
from .base import NIDAQError

class SuperTask:
    """Class for creating and encapsulating multiple synchronous tasks. Holds and assembles arrays for writing to each task as well as per-channel meta data."""

    def __init__(self, daq):
        self.daq = daq
        self.tasks = {}
        self.taskInfo = {}
        self.channelInfo = {}
        self.dataWrtten = False
        self.devs = daq.listDevices()
        self.triggerChannel = None
        self.result = None

    def absChanName(self, chan):
        parts = chan.lstrip('/').split('/')
        if not parts[0] in self.devs:
            if len(self.devs) == 1:
                parts = self.devs + parts
            else:
                raise Exception("Can not determine device to use for channel %s" % chan)
        return '/' + '/'.join(parts)

    def getTaskKey(self, chan, typ=None):
        """Return the task that would be responsible for handling a particular channel"""
        chan = self.absChanName(chan)
        if chan in self.channelInfo and 'task' in self.channelInfo[chan]:
            return self.channelInfo[chan]['task']

        if typ is None and chan in self.channelInfo and 'type' in self.channelInfo[chan]:
            typ = self.channelInfo[chan]['type']

        if typ is None:
            raise Exception('Must specify type of task (ai, ao, di, do)')
        parts = chan.lstrip('/').split('/')
        devn = parts[0]
        return (devn, typ)

    def getTask(self, chan, typ=None):
        """Return the task which should be used for this channel and i/o type. Creates the task if needed."""
        key = self.getTaskKey(chan, typ)
        if key not in self.tasks:
            self.tasks[key] = self.daq.createTask()
            self.taskInfo[key] = {'cache': None, 'chans': [], 'dataWritten': False}
        return self.tasks[key]

    def addChannel(self, chan, typ, mode=None, vRange=[-10., 10.], **kargs):
        chan = self.absChanName(chan)
        (dev, typ) = self.getTaskKey(chan, typ)
        t = self.getTask(chan, typ)

        ## Determine mode to use for this channel
        if mode is None:
            if typ == 'ai':
                mode = self.daq.Val_RSE
            elif typ in ['di', 'do']:
                mode = self.daq.Val_ChanPerLine
        elif isinstance(mode, six.string_types):
            # decide which modes are allowed for this channel
            if typ == 'ai':
                allowed = ['RSE', 'NRSE', 'Diff', 'PseudoDiff']
            elif typ in ['di', 'do']:
                allowed = ['ChanPerLine', 'ChanForAllLines']
            else:
                raise TypeError("mode argument not accepted for channel type '%s'" % typ)

            # Is the requested mode in the allowed list?
            lower = list(map(str.lower, allowed))
            try:
                ind = lower.index(mode.lower())
            except ValueError:
                raise ValueError("Mode '%s' not allowed for channel type '%s'" % (mode, typ))

            # Does the driver support the requested mode?
            try:
                mode = getattr(self.daq, 'Val_' + allowed[ind])
            except AttributeError:
                raise ValueError("Mode '%s' not supported by the DAQmx driver" % mode)

        if typ == 'ai':
            #print 'CreateAIVoltageChan(%s, "", %s, vRange[0], vRange[1], Val_Volts, None)' % (chan, str(mode))
            t.CreateAIVoltageChan(chan, "", mode, vRange[0], vRange[1], self.daq.Val_Volts, None, **kargs)
        elif typ == 'ao':
            #print 'CreateAOVoltageChan(%s, "", vRange[0], vRange[1], Val_Volts, None)' % (chan)
            t.CreateAOVoltageChan(chan, "", vRange[0], vRange[1], self.daq.Val_Volts, None, **kargs)
        elif typ == 'di':
            #print 'CreateDIChan(%s, "", %s)' % (chan, str(mode))
            t.CreateDIChan(chan, "", mode, **kargs)
        elif typ == 'do':
            #print 'CreateDOChan(%s, "", %s)' % (chan, str(mode))
            t.CreateDOChan(chan, "", mode, **kargs)
        else:
            raise Exception("Don't know how to create channel type %s" % typ)
        self.taskInfo[(dev, typ)]['chans'].append(chan)
        self.channelInfo[chan] = {
            'task': (dev, typ),
            'index': t.GetTaskNumChans()-1,
        }

    # def setChannelInfo(self, chan, info):
        # chan = self.absChanName(chan)
        # self.channelInfo[chan] = info

    def setWaveform(self, chan, data):
        chan = self.absChanName(chan)
        if chan not in self.channelInfo:
            raise Exception('Must create channel (%s) before setting waveform.' % chan)
        ## For now, all ao waveforms must be between -10 and 10

        typ = self.channelInfo[chan]['task'][1]
        if typ in 'ao' and (any(data > 10.0) or any(data < -10.0)):
            self.channelInfo[chan]['data'] = clip(data, -10.0, 10.0)
            self.channelInfo[chan]['clipped'] = True
        else:
            self.channelInfo[chan]['data'] = data
            self.channelInfo[chan]['clipped'] = False

        key = self.getTaskKey(chan)
        self.taskInfo[key]['dataWritten'] = False

        # if info is not None:
            # self.channelInfo[chan]['info'] = info

    def getTaskData(self, key):
        #key = self.getTaskKey(key)
        if self.taskInfo[key]['cache'] is None:
            ## Assemble waveforms in correct order
            waves = []
            for c in self.taskInfo[key]['chans']:
                if 'data' not in self.channelInfo[c]:
                    raise Exception("No data specified for DAQ channel %s" % c)
                waves.append(atleast_2d(self.channelInfo[c]['data']))
            try:
                self.taskInfo[key]['cache'] = concatenate(waves)
            except:
                print("Input shapes for %s:" % ','.join(list(self.channelInfo.keys())))
                for w in waves:
                    print(w.shape)
                raise
        return self.taskInfo[key]['cache']

    def writeTaskData(self):
        for k in self.tasks:
            if self.tasks[k].isOutputTask() and not self.taskInfo[k]['dataWritten']:
                d = self.getTaskData(k)
                # print "  Writing %s %s to task %s" % (d.shape, d.dtype, str(k))
                try:
                    self.tasks[k].write(d)
                except:
                    print("Error while writing data to task '%s':" % str(k))
                    raise
                self.taskInfo[k]['dataWritten'] = True

    def hasTasks(self):
        return len(self.tasks) > 0

    def configureClocks(self, rate, nPts):
        """Configure sample clock and triggering for all tasks"""
        clkSource = None
        if len(self.tasks) == 0:
            raise Exception("No tasks to configure.")
        keys = list(self.tasks.keys())
        self.numPts = nPts
        self.rate = rate

        ## Make sure we're only using 1 DAQ device (not sure how to tie 2 together yet)
        ndevs = len(set([k[0] for k in keys]))
        #if ndevs > 1:
            #raise Exception("Multiple DAQ devices not yet supported.")
        dev = keys[0][0]

        if (dev, 'ao') in keys:  ## Try ao first since E-series devices don't seem to work the other way around..
            clkSource = 'ao' # '/Dev1/ao/SampleClock'
        elif (dev, 'ai') in keys:
            clkSource = 'ai'  # '/Dev1/ai/SampleClock'
        else:
            ## Only digital tasks, configure a fake AI task so we can use the ai sample clock.
            ## Even better: Configure a counter to make a clock..
            aich = '/%s/ai0' % dev
            self.addChannel(aich, 'ai')
            clkSource = 'ai'  # '/Dev1/ai/SampleClock'

        self.clockSource = (dev, clkSource)

        ## Configure sample clock, rate for all tasks
        clk = '/%s/%s/SampleClock' % (dev, clkSource)

        #keys = self.tasks.keys()
        #keys.remove(self.clockSource)
        #keys.insert(0, self.clockSource)
        #for k in keys:

        for k in self.tasks:
            ## TODO: this must be skipped for the task which uses clkSource by default.
            try:
                maxrate = self.tasks[k].GetSampClkMaxRate()
            except NIDAQError as exc:
                if exc.errCode == -200452:
                    # Task does not support GetSampClkMaxRate
                    pass
            else:
                if rate > maxrate:
                    raise ValueError("Requested sample rate %d exceeds maximum (%d) for this device." % (int(rate), int(maxrate)))

            if k[1] != clkSource:
                #print "%s CfgSampClkTiming(%s, %f, Val_Rising, Val_FiniteSamps, %d)" % (str(k), clk, rate, nPts)

                self.tasks[k].CfgSampClkTiming(clk, rate, self.daq.Val_Rising, self.daq.Val_FiniteSamps, nPts)
            else:
                #print "%s CfgSampClkTiming('', %f, Val_Rising, Val_FiniteSamps, %d)" % (str(k), rate, nPts)
                self.tasks[k].CfgSampClkTiming("", rate, self.daq.Val_Rising, self.daq.Val_FiniteSamps, nPts)

    def setTrigger(self, trig):
        #self.tasks[self.clockSource].CfgDigEdgeStartTrig(trig, Val_Rising)

        for t in self.tasks:
            if t[1] in ['di', 'do']:   ## M-series DAQ does not have trigger for digital acquisition
                #print "  skipping trigger for digital task"
                continue
            #print t
            if self.tasks[t].absChannelName(trig) == '/%s/%s/StartTrigger' % t:
                #print "  Skipping trigger set; already correct."
               continue
            #print "  trigger %s %s" % (str(t), trig)
            self.tasks[t].CfgDigEdgeStartTrig(trig, self.daq.Val_Rising)
        self.triggerChannel = trig

    def start(self):
        self.writeTaskData()  ## Only writes if needed.

        self.result = None
        ## TODO: Reserve all hardware needed before starting tasks

        keys = list(self.tasks.keys())
        ## move clock task key to the end
        if self.clockSource in keys:
            #print "  Starting %s last" % str(tt)
            keys.remove(self.clockSource)
            keys.append(self.clockSource)
        for k in keys[:-1]:
            #print "starting task", k
            self.tasks[k].start()
        #self.startTime = time.clock()
        self.startTime = ptime.time()
        #print "start time:", self.startTime
        self.tasks[keys[-1]].start()
        #print "starting clock task:", keys[-1]

#        for k in keys:
#          if not self.tasks[k].isRunning():
#            print "Warning: task %s didn't start" % str(k)

        if self.triggerChannel is not None:
            ## Set up callback to record time when trigger starts
            pass

    def isDone(self):
        for t in self.tasks:
            if not self.tasks[t].isDone():
                #print "Task", t, "not done yet.."
                return False
        return True

    def read(self):
        data = {}
        for t in self.tasks:
            if self.tasks[t].isInputTask():
                #print "Reading from task", t
                data[t] = self.tasks[t].read()
        return data

    def stop(self, wait=False, abort=False):
        #print "ST stopping, wait=",wait, " abort:", abort
        ## need to be very careful about stopping and unreserving all hardware, even if there is a failure at some point.
        try:
            if wait:
                while not self.isDone():
                    #print "Sleeping..", time.time()
                    time.sleep(10e-6)

            if not abort and self.isDone():
                # data must be read before stopping the task,
                # but should only be read if we know the task is complete.
                self.getResult()

        finally:
            for t in self.tasks:
                try:
                    #print "  ST Stopping task", t
                    self.tasks[t].stop()
                    #print "    ..done"
                finally:
                    # unreserve hardware
                    self.tasks[t].TaskControl(self.daq.Val_Task_Unreserve)
        #print "ST stop complete."

    def getResult(self, channel=None):
        #print "getresult"
        if self.result is None:
            self.result = {}
            readData = self.read()
            for k in self.tasks.keys():
                #print "  ", k
                if self.tasks[k].isOutputTask():
                    #print "    output task"
                    d = self.getTaskData(k)
                    # print "output data set to:"
                    # print d
                else:
                    d = readData[k][0]
                    #print "input data set to:", d
                    #print "    input task, read"
                    #print "    done"
                self.result[k] = {
                    'type': k[1],
                    'data': d,
                    'start': self.startTime,
                    'taskInfo': self.taskInfo[k],
                    'channelInfo': [self.channelInfo[ch] for ch in self.taskInfo[k]['chans']]
                }
        if channel is None:
            return self.result
        else:
            res = self.result[self.channelInfo[channel]['task']]
            ret = {
                'data': res['data'][self.channelInfo[channel]['index']],
                'info': OrderedDict([
                    ('startTime', res['start']),
                    ('numPts', self.numPts),
                    ('rate', self.rate),
                    ('type', self.channelInfo[channel]['task'][1])
                    ])
            }
            if 'clipped' in res:
                ret['info']['clipped'] = res['clipped']

            # print "=== result for channel %s=====" % channel
            # print ret
            return ret
#
    def run(self):
        #print "Start..", time.time()
        self.start()
        #print "wait/stop..", time.time()
        #self.stop(wait=True)
        while not self.isDone():
            time.sleep(10e-6)
        #print "get samples.."
        r = self.getResult()
        return r


Do you have a monstrous appetite for writing? Want to let out your inner monster?
Try your hand at the 2018 York Literature Festival's creative writing competition!
Entries are open to Under 11s, 12-15 year olds and 16-18 year olds. Send in your short story, poem or flash fiction to yorkliteraturefestival@mountschoolyork.co.uk by the 1st of March 2018 to be in the running for exciting prizes.
Winners will be invited to read their work at a Festival event and have their winning entries published online.


text:
Q: Interpreting correlations between two time-series I have simulated the behavior of two variables over the course of three weeks:
var_1 <- ts(c(25.1,21.8,15.6,28.0,25.8,26.2,29.9,30.6,28.3,22.1,20.2,20.5,18.4,12.0,8.1,8.6,8.2,9.17,8.8,9.7,10.4))

var_2<-ts(c(-13.1,-7.5,0.1,-3.4,-6.0,-4.6,-0.1,4.8,4.3,-1.1,-6.5,-10.0,-9.2,-7.8,-7.6,-7.1,-11.4,-14.2,-19.6,-22.9,-23.5))

var_1 is the independent variable and I would like to see if var_2 is influenced by its fluctuations.

In the figure above (A), var_1 is in black and var_2 in red. Just looking at the curves, I would say that a relationship exists at least until around day 12, then some major lag occurs.
My first idea to highlight any similarity was to apply a running correlation test (fig. B above). I used the function running() from the R library gtools.
running(var_1, var_2, fun=cor, width=5)

The overlapping window has a width of 5 days. The 95% significance boundaries (dashed red lines) are calculated by running 999 simulations of randomly generated data sets with the same structure.
The correlation is rather good between day 6 and 12, but it is never statistically significant. Is there a more appropriate way to point out any common behavior?
Additionally, I tried to apply a cross correlation function to check for significant lags (R function ccf()).
ccf(var_1,var_2, main="")

It shows a strong correlation for lags -3 to 0 with tapering in both directions. If I interpret it correctly, I suppose I could say that it takes 0 to 3 days for var_2 to react to any change in var_1.
While this result is extremely interesting, I feel it does not describe well all the dynamics between the two curves, such as the good correlation limited to day 6 and 12. But, as seen above, the test that could do it does not show any statistical significance. So I am a bit puzzled as to what can be the most fitting method to describe these data.

A: You seem to have looked  at spurious results by looking at correlations of absolute values rather than correlation of changes.
If so, then see these two links for an explanation (ignore otherwise): quant.stackexchange.com/questions/489/correlation-between-prices-or-returns & stats.stackexchange.com/a/133171/114856.
I write "seem" as you did not provide your code and I cannot reproduce your numbers.
#Attempt to reproduce
var_1 <- ts(c(25.1,21.8,15.6,28.0,25.8,26.2,29.9,30.6,28.3,22.1,20.2,20.5,18.4,12.0,8.1,8.6,8.2,9.17,8.8,9.7,10.4))
var_2 <- ts(c(-13.1,-7.5,0.1,-3.4,-6.0,-4.6,-0.1,4.8,4.3,-1.1,-6.5,-10.0,-9.2,-7.8,-7.6,-7.1,-11.4,-14.2,-19.6,-22.9,-23.5))
running(var_1, var_2, fun=cor, width=5, by=1, allow.fewer=TRUE, align=c("right"), simplify=TRUE)

#Same thing but on changes   (use non-log approach as neg values)
chg_1 <- diff(var_1)/var_1[-length(var_1)]
chg_2 <- diff(var_2)/var_2[-length(var_2)]
running(chg_1, chg_2, fun=cor, width=5, by=1, allow.fewer=TRUE, align=c("right"), simplify=TRUE)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"Vital Arts," master of fine arts exhibit, 4/19-26, UW Art Lofts-Backspace Gallery (reception 5-9 pm, 4/25).
press release: Consider the body as place, landscape and the relationship between consciousness and corporeality. Vital Winds, inspired by phenomenological philosophy, Nordic Creation Myth, and Hindu Philosophy, traces one family's journey but also marks the ubiquitous human experiences of illness, companionship and birth.


text:
Події
 4 жовтня (16 жовтня) — початок Кримської війни
 В Індії побудована перша залізнична лінія.

Наука
 Винахід технології промислової переробки нафти та озокериту на нафтопродукти (гас, бензин, нафтовий бітум (асфальт), гудрон, парафін) Йоганом Зегом.
 Винахід шприца для ін'єкцій.
 Джордж Кейлі сконструював перший планер.

Народились
Див. також :Категорія:Народились 1853
 7 січня — Аркас Микола Миколайович, український історик
 14 січня — Шохор-Троцький Семен Ілліч, російський математик-педагог
 28 січня — Хосе Марті, кубинський революціонер, письменник, національний герой Куби
 30 березня — Вінсент ван Гог, голландський живописець-постмодерніст
 18 липня — Гендрик Лоренц, голландський фізик, нобелівський лауреат
 27 липня — Володимир Галактіонович Короленко, письменник
 2 вересня — Вільгельм Оствальд, німецький фізик і хімік
 4 вересня — Герман фон Віссман, німецький мандрівник, дослідник Африки
 21 вересня — Гейке Камерлінг-Оннес, нідерландський фізик і хімік, лауреат Нобелівської премії з фізики 1913 року

 Померли Див. також :Категорія:Померли 1853''

1850-ті

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


There are 17 companies listed in our Kids Clothing category for Bellevue. This page shows listings 1 to 17.
If you'd like to check the Kids Clothing category for other cities in Washington click a link on the left.


I agree that these are not "corporate" records but are "client  records".
process policies and controls, etc need to be formulated and put in  place.
especially Risk Management and General Counsel for your corporation.
I am sure others here have more to add.


"Sea Fox built for versatility and easy handling for everyone to use"
The Sea Fox 236CC is an easy to handle center console set up for fishing.
We are planning a sea trial for the second week of November 2017 for additional photos and video.
If you are in the Jersey Shore area, please give us a call.
The Sea Fox is ready to go for the fisherman who wants to pick up and go. Simple to handle and not a lot to clean up after fishing.
Transom live well and washdown.
The Sea Fox 236 was primarily used as a fishing boat.
Exterior hull has scratch marks and shows oxidation.
Cockpit forward and after appears in good condition with no soft areas noticed.
Seating and coaming pads were stored under helm. Most will are showing wear and are in need of replacement.
Electronics and pumps were not tested. We are planning to run all operational system on November 10th.
Oil and Filters changed. Gear Lubricant changed.


In the vaulted lobby, the "Take a Taste of Buffalo" will feature appetizers from our new downtown eateries, "Take a Sip of Buffalo" will showcase the growing number of craft beers and local wines, the "BuffaLove Fair" will offer Buffalo-themed gifts designed to remind all of home, "Get to Know Buffalo" information tables will feature career opportunities and information about our city's many successes, and Preservation Buffalo Niagara docents will offer complimentary 15-minute mini-tours of the magnificent building itself. Katie and Ed, WKBW-TV on-air personalities, will keep the event moving as emcees in this beautiful space.
"Then & Now Buffalo" videos clearly illustrating the resurgent Buffalo will be screened in the elegant council chambers on the 13th floor and guests can play the "Name that Place" quiz, with prizes for winners. There will also be "What I Love About Buffalo" video storytelling by guests, audio interviews as part of the NPR Story Corps "The Great Thanksgiving Listen" that will be posted locally and archived in the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress, and a "What I Love About Buffalo" post-it note opportunity on the 13th floor.
Aspire Technology Today's award-winning Buffalo photographs will be exhibited in the 25th floor handicap-access Windows on Buffalo room, as will art by PS 84 students, with panoramic views of the city.
Many will Take Another Look from the 28th floor observation deck, where coffee and desserts will represent the sweet resurgence seen below. Docent-led 15-minute aerial tours of Buffalo from both the 25th and the 28th floor observation decks will be available compliments of Explore Buffalo. All guests are welcome to enjoy the beautiful vistas and the sun setting over Lake Erie.
Nearly 1,000 guests attended this event in 2014. It is expected to double this number in 2015.
Tickets are just $10 in advance ($15 at the door). All participants who bring a non-perishable food item and/or a gift for a disadvantaged child will receive an immediate $5 discount at the door. To order tickets online, please visit https://www.eventbrite.com/e/take-another-look-2015-tickets-19288909648.
Let's showcase Buffalo for those of us who choose to live here, as well as for those who do not but wish they did. Some of those who attend Take Another Look may be inspired to find a way to come home, others may decide to invest in their home town from wherever they now reside. All will be better Buffalo ambassadors once they Take Another Look at Buffalo.


The interventions by the US and its allies in Iraq and Afghanistan were on a massive scale and came close to failure. In the thirteen years of fighting there were 250,000 civilian casualties (dead and wounded) and 35,000 casualties among the US and allied forces.
Drawing lessons from these wars is key to understanding the future of warfare, with the caveat of the old adage of the dangers of "generals fighting the last war".
This short book by Brigadier (Retired) Ben Barry, who is the Senior Fellow for Land Warfare at the London based International Institute for Strategic Studies, is enormously useful as a way of coming to grips with the future likely character of warfare. The book could help military planners and strategists in the intervening powers as well as other to think of the capabilities needed to fight the next war.
Intervening militaries from the US and its allies now perform everything from fighting to "nation building under fire". In the late 1990s US Marine Corps General, Charles Krulak, described the "three block war" concept where Marines might be involved in full scale military action, peacekeeping, and humanitarian aid within three city blocks. Barry believes the future might involve "n block wars", where n is the number of different types of activities, which could be even wider in range.
In these two wars the US and its allies came close to "strategic defeat," he writes. They were only really saved from defeat by the surge in forces that took place well into the wars.
In the wake of some wars some of the Generals often complain that they were not given enough troops or time, and hamstrung by the politicians. There is recognition that density of forces made a difference and that some allies were restricted in what they could do, but this is not the core of Barry's case.
Leadership, reconstruction efforts, political strategy, military strategy, operational concepts, and equipment were inadequate. There were failures "at every level" to adapt quickly enough to unforeseen circumstances, such as the use of IEDs and the mistreatment of prisoners, which gave opportunities to the insurgents.
"It took years for the US and its allies to sufficiently understand both conflicts," Barry writes.
Innovation by the US and the UK was slow and encumbered by large defence bureaucracies. By contrast the insurgents were quick to adapt their methods.
The successes of the two campaigns were the initial offensives to bring about regime change and, in the case of Iraq, the US move to support the Anbar Awakening of the Sunni against al Qaeda.
If there is one overriding message from the book, it is to reinforce what Clausewitz said – that war is and always will be an inherently political process. The importance of understanding local politics would have helped the intervening powers avoid such pitfalls as breaking up of the Ba'ath Party and the army. The question of what after regime change was hardly addressed at the outset.
Soon after the US declared what was tantamount to victory, insurgencies exploded in both theatres. Both the US and UK had neglected the counter-insurgency doctrine and had to re-learn what had been learned in Vietnam and Northern Ireland.
From the disasters a host of lessons emerge. There is a need for improved intelligence and political understanding, as well as a case for armed forces to retain their own development and reconstruction experts who can operate in hostile environments from which civilians had best stay away. The necessity of maintaining and developing a counter-insurgency capability was brutally reinforced by these conflicts. Barry also argues that armed forces must ensure that they can win the battle of the narrative through electronic and information warfare in the age in which social media is dominant.
In military operations, the wars showed the value of Special Forces in conducting counter-insurgency operations and in training. Iran used its Quds forces in Iraq to wage a proxy war through support of Shia extremist groups.
Other lessons from military operations in these campaigns showed that infantry remains a key capability especially in urban areas and mountains. However, the improvements in infantry protection do restrict mobility. Armoured vehicles will continue to perform a key role. Artillery was also effective and the fighting in Ukraine, Syria, and Iraq has shown its continued importance.
The great advantages of the US and its allies in Iraq were their overwhelming air superiority and uncontested use of the electromagnetic spectrum. In future conflicts it is highly unlikely that any force will enjoy these sorts of advantages. Russia places an enormous emphasis in its military doctrine on electronic warfare, and means of bringing down UAVs are fast developing.
For countries that might fear invasion or intervention, the main lesson of the war could be the failure to deter a foreign power. That could mean more investment in anti access and area denial systems. Planning for a fall back position on an insurgency once the conventional army has folded could also be a lesson for many and drive an investment in irregular forces.
The two wars have generated a public distaste in many countries for boots on the ground intervention. That makes intervention a less likely policy option for many countries, meaning that interventions when they do occur will have to be quick and limited.
An associated lesson from such interventions might be that regime change without successful stabilisation could bring about a worse situation than the preceding one.
For most forces, the overriding lesson to be drawn from the book is the need to quickly understand an environment and to rapidly adapt.


Discovered at Nag Hammadi in the 1940s, this enigmatic collection of 114 sayings of Jesus has generated immense controversy. Translating directly from the Coptic, DeConick takes into account all of the Greek fragments, plus adds a saying-by-saying commentary. 'Contains a wealth of information,'---Expository Times. 384 pages, softcover. T. & T. Clark.


text:
namespace autofill {

// Implementation of per-tab class to control the save credit card bubble and
// Omnibox icon.
class SaveCardBubbleControllerImpl
    : public SaveCardBubbleController,
      public content::WebContentsObserver,
      public content::WebContentsUserData<SaveCardBubbleControllerImpl> {
 public:
  // Sets up the controller for local save and shows the bubble.
  // |save_card_callback| will be invoked if and when the Save button is
  // pressed.
  void ShowBubbleForLocalSave(const CreditCard& card,
                              const base::Closure& save_card_callback);

  // Sets up the controller for upload and shows the bubble.
  // |save_card_callback| will be invoked if and when the Save button is
  // pressed. The contents of |legal_message| will be displayed in the bubble.
  void ShowBubbleForUpload(const CreditCard& card,
                           scoped_ptr<base::DictionaryValue> legal_message,
                           const base::Closure& save_card_callback);

  void HideBubble();
  void ReshowBubble();

  // Returns true if Omnibox save credit card icon should be visible.
  bool IsIconVisible() const;

  // Returns nullptr if no bubble is currently shown.
  SaveCardBubbleView* save_card_bubble_view() const;

  // SaveCardBubbleController:
  base::string16 GetWindowTitle() const override;
  base::string16 GetExplanatoryMessage() const override;
  const CreditCard GetCard() const override;
  void OnSaveButton() override;
  void OnCancelButton() override;
  void OnLearnMoreClicked() override;
  void OnLegalMessageLinkClicked(const GURL& url) override;
  void OnBubbleClosed() override;

  const LegalMessageLines& GetLegalMessageLines() const override;

 protected:
  explicit SaveCardBubbleControllerImpl(content::WebContents* web_contents);
  ~SaveCardBubbleControllerImpl() override;

  // Returns the time elapsed since |timer_| was initialized.
  // Exists for testing.
  virtual base::TimeDelta Elapsed() const;

  // content::WebContentsObserver:
  void DidNavigateMainFrame(
      const content::LoadCommittedDetails& details,
      const content::FrameNavigateParams& params) override;

 private:
  friend class content::WebContentsUserData<SaveCardBubbleControllerImpl>;

  void ShowBubble();

  // Update the visibility and toggled state of the Omnibox save card icon.
  void UpdateIcon();

  void OpenUrl(const GURL& url);

  // Weak reference. Will be nullptr if no bubble is currently shown.
  SaveCardBubbleView* save_card_bubble_view_;

  // Callback to run if user presses Save button in the bubble.
  // If save_card_callback_.is_null() is true then no bubble is available to
  // show and the icon is not visible.
  base::Closure save_card_callback_;

  // Governs whether the upload or local save version of the UI should be shown.
  bool is_uploading_;

  // Whether ReshowBubble() has been called since ShowBubbleFor*() was called.
  bool is_reshow_;

  // Contains the details of the card that will be saved if the user accepts.
  CreditCard card_;

  // If no legal message should be shown then this variable is an empty vector.
  LegalMessageLines legal_message_lines_;

  // Used to measure the amount of time on a page; if it's less than some
  // reasonable limit, then don't close the bubble upon navigation.
  scoped_ptr<base::ElapsedTimer> timer_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(SaveCardBubbleControllerImpl);
};

}  // namespace autofill

#endif  // CHROME_BROWSER_UI_AUTOFILL_SAVE_CARD_BUBBLE_CONTROLLER_IMPL_H_


Notify the Texas Workforce Commission (TWC) promptly when there are changes to your tax account.
If you closed your business or you are operating without employees in Texas, notify TWC of the change.
A liable employer who has entirely discontinued employment in Texas may request that the unemployment tax account be suspended. By suspending the account an employer is relieved only of the responsibilities of filing quarterly wage reports for periods during which no wages are paid.
If you have previously closed your business and want to reactivate your account, notify TWC so your account can be reopened.
Notify TWC of the change by completing the Employer's Registration Forms – Status Report Form C-1 & C-1FR.
TWC may suspend your account because you have not reported wages for an extended period of time. Every calendar quarter, the Tax department reviews all accounts and suspends those that have not reported wages for the previous eight calendar quarters. A suspension will relieve employers of having to file a "no wages" quarterly report and prevent the possible accrual of late report penalties. We send a letter to employers advising them that their account has been suspended and that if they do resume employment, they should notify TWC so that their account may be reactivated.