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The History of FIFA Corruption
by Johnson Bernard 2 years ago in fifa
Any organization, business, and league has or will have some underlying form of fraudulence and dishonesty, but none are as lengthy or as expansive as is the history of FIFA corruption.
Disregarding the players and incredible fanbase for one second; all you're left with realistically is a multi-billion dollar corporation that heads the scheduling, maintenance, televising and governing body controlling one of the most profound and highly regarded sports organizations in the history of athletic entertainment. FIFA heartbreakingly went from first being an unrivaled televised athletics business and sports program, and devolved into a melting pot of improper tactics, bribery, negative transactions, and a multiplicity of corrupt ideals spanning a long line of history, which many have tried to ignore, or have gone to great lengths in disregarding. It's rather hampering on the beauty of soccer, as a sport, as is any scandal involving an intermingling of both business and policy. Sadly, FIFA is not new to scandalous behavior.
Accurately deemed the "FIFA corruption crisis," which took place in mid-2015, first wrought into being a necessity to investigate the history of FIFA corruption. A berth of alleged corruption scandals unfolded following the resignation of FIFA president Sepp Blatter not days after the news first broke to the public. The US Department of Justice with Swiss government enforcers no sooner formalized a criminal investigation, then indicted hosts of FIFA officials and top FIFA executives in a way to uncover the truth, whereabouts, and happenstance surrounding a $10 million trail of funds leading to former FIFA Vice President Jack Warner's various bank accounts. Despite the fact that Blatter had not been named in the 47-count indictment spree led by the Justice Department, most individuals within world football and the entire industry, as a whole, believe that the former president was largely involved, additionally soliciting bribers and adding a more corrupt under-the-surface atmosphere that, in many ways, has sorely destroyed FIFA's long enduring reputation.
1994 Murder of Andrés Escobar
While FIFA itself may not have been involved in one of the most awe striking moments in soccer history, they played a large role in ignoring what this occurrence meant not only for soccer, but for the future of televised sports programs.
Entering into the 1994 World Cup with much more than high hopes and confidence, Columbia was regarded among favorites, due to their star players Carlos Valderrama and Faustino Asprilla. Considered by fans as the "Gentleman of the Field," Andrés Escobar would make a fatal error during their match against the US. Coming off a 3-1 loss with Romania, Gabriel Gomez received a death threat through fax, but coach decided, after much deliberation, not to resign. And so, Escobar's accidental self-goal, leading to a US victory, also granted him a death warrant to be payed no more than ten days after the incident in a Medellin parking lot. The heavily drug infused cartel-ruled environment of Columbia made Escobar an easy target, one for which the FIFA organization seemingly ignored and did nothing in the form of outreach, nor did they solidify a better security procedure for players and staff alike.
1996-2015 Accusations of Bribery
One of the most successful and, yet, deteriorating controversies that surrounds FIFA corruption is the unending utilization of bribes and blackmail throughout its entire executive chain. From World Cup bids, to presidential elections, bribery has made up the whole of FIFA now more so than even the sport of soccer.
As far as we know, FIFA's extensive use of bribery was first instituted amid 1996, in connection with broadcasting and rights of the Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football (Concacaf) Gold Cup tournament (for which would recur in 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2003). Other examples include South Africa's pick as host for the 2010 World Cup, France's 1998 tournament bid, 3 regulating FIFA officials on the 2010 World Cup staff, 2011 executive committee bribing allegations, and, among a plentitude of further examples, Sepp Blatter's election as FIFA's president.
1998 Rigged FIFA Presidential Election
One of the most emotional moments in soccer history may not have even involved a soccer ball, much less the pitch; Sepp Blatter gaining his seat as President of FIFA circa 1998 effectively bred a furthered inundation of FIFA corruption. According to the proposed accounts, Blatter illegally gained prominence within the institution through the use of bribery, then went on to further manipulate the entire organization from within, which were all brought to light via 2002-2003 allegations made by Michel Zen-Ruffinen, who was FIFA Secretary General at the time.
Whether it be in the form of game improvements, bribery, poor humor, or financial mismanagement, Blatter's rein as FIFA's fearless leader has only facilitated and maintained the employ of illegalities and controversial tactics by himself and most of his underlying executive staff. While it may still be somewhat of an alleged corruption, Blatter's "supposed" bribery for his presidential seat had paved the way for an institutional exploitation of the entire sport.
2002-2003 Financial Mismanagement
Former FIFA Secretary General Michel Zen-Ruffinen posited one of the most extensive, eye-opening and damning 30-page reports centered on the malpractices and financial mismanagement expressly utilized by Blatter and his various cronies within the organization. Zen-Ruffinen's report of misconducted management, financial improprieties, misleading account practices, and organizational manipulation had, though proven little at the time, casted a large shadow of doubt over FIFA's executive branches.
These allegations into FIFA corruption were published following the fall of FIFA's marketing partner ISL, for which nosedived the organization into a critical financial state. Blatter supposed that the ISL collapse had costed FIFA nearly $30 million, despite critics claiming it would be 10 times as much. Blatter was never charged for the allegations, and no investigation ever could prove Zen-Ruffinen's report, so it was swept under the rug of history until a more sound and formal accusation could be coalesced.
2006 Calciopoli Referee Scandal
Calciopoli, or an underground and anonymous Italian ring of corrupted sports betting, was accidentally stumbled upon through a 2004 alleged Juventus doping scandal and a circulating rumor of referee bribery. Both were immediately canned for insufficient evidences, but what officials had unknowingly uncovered was an underground sports betting operation that utilized controversial system of tactics.
When, in 2006, Turin magistrates finally decided to approach the Italian football authorities, they quickly realized that the governing bodies were themselves implicated. Luciano Moggi, Juventus General Manager and overlord of the Calciopoli, asserted an ungodly amount of dominance in soccer politics by manipulating team selections, handpicking referees for particular games, and either postponed or cancelled games on a whim. His influence even reached into the broadcasting and media sector, for which he used to benefit soccer coverage. Moggi was charged with attempted sporting fraud, but this was not only difficult to prove, it was highly an inconclusive legal action. While no beneficial ruling was ever made public and the overall scope of the Calciopoli still remains in question, one can't help but wonder if FIFA corruption may have had a hand in the entire ordeal.
2010 Missed-Goal Controversies
Among financial mismanagement accusations and bribery concerns, FIFA corruption is also known to stick its seedy claws into the likes of game improvements; this loosely means how they've adapted the underlining rules in soccer to either benefit themselves in financial capacities, or by way of bribing teams and countries through the limitation of actionable resources.
As is the case with the 2010 missed-goal controversies, which were more accurately rendered into being by way of the regulation change that ended replays from being shown to referees and fans. Instead of integrating, as many fans have lamented for years over, a form of goal-line technology for accurate and definitive proof of scores, FIFA decided instead to just take replays out of the game entirely. This led to a myriad of officiating errors and debates concerning the implementation of video technology, most of which was ignored until 2012, when an official missed a goal by Ukraine in their match against England.
2014 Labor Disputes
For about 20 euro, or 190 rand, South African laborers constructed the 2014 World Cup facility making little to nothing, eventually leading to strikes and even some deaths in connection with the project. FIFA, while still impressing upon countries the importance of the event, also seems to love taking itself out of the equation when dealing with the consequences of human rights, labor procedures, and construction materials.
Even this year's facility in Russia has come under fire with claims of both Russia and FIFA exploiting workers. Sparking investigation, a 34-page report called the "Red Card," identifies FIFA as the sole bearer to blame in connection with unpaid, delayed wages, on top of allowing unprotected laborers to work in extreme weather conditions (-25 degrees Celsius in some cases) and disregarding legally binding work contracts for 6 World Cup facility construction sites. It's a real issue, one that the organization must amend before FIFA corruption becomes any more emboldened than it already is.
2015 FIFA Corruption Crisis
Here's a lengthy explanation of the FIFA corruption crisis, which seemed to literally turn the entirety of World Soccer on its head. It effectively rendered nearly every important official FIFA executive role obsolete and proved just how vulnerable these athletic events (and their background organizations) truly are when over billions of dollars are being tossed to and fro like child's play.
Jeffery Webb, Jack Warner, Jose Maria Marin, Eduardo Li, and more were all arrested in connection with the various scandals pockmarking a 24 year long history of FIFA corruption, thus far known. Along with arrests, officials also jumpstarted two additional investigations into the awarding of the 2018 and 2022 World Cup ceremonies. Not only was it among the biggest soccer scandals of all time, it also made sour the entire society of international soccer.
Questionable Politics of the Ballon d'Or Award
This one's a little tricky and necessarily hard to prove. Since the adoption of the Ballon d'Or in 2010, a soccer player with avid performances and an underlying perfection of skill in both national and league play is awarded the annually granted title. So far (and, remember, it was introduced in 2010) only two players have been named: Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi. Critics of the award would, far into the future of FIFA corruption, call into question the political nature of the Ballon d'Or.
For some, the annual award is nothing but a foundational error in FIFA's maintenance of fanbase opinion. In other words, judged by the fact that only two players have been granted it over the previous eight years of its existence, the Ballon d'Or is nothing but a popularity contest with an even more corrupted selection process. Back in November 2014, for instance, Ronaldo had scored a hat trick against Sweden for a playoff victory like no other. FIFA responded by pushing the Ballon d'Or voting deadline from the 15th to the 29th, expressing their interest in shifting public opinions and manipulation of resources for the benefit of third-party sponsorships and global social media icons, like those of Messi (Adidas) and Ronaldo (Nike).
Qatar 2022 World Cup
On top of various labor disputes and bribery concerns surrounding the 2022 World Cup, Qatar's pick as host of the tournament, in of itself, was largely seen as a form of manipulation and bribery utilized through FIFA corruption. For starters, FIFA has already moved scheduling around in the discovery of Qatar's 122 degree high Summer temperatures.
Though FIFA's run with labor disputes had entrenched them with human rights debates for many years, Qatar is now struggling with labor issues and safety. In 2014, around 15 Nepalese would die in the construction of their World Cup facilities. According to the International Trade Union Confederation, over 4,000 Nepalese laborers will die before the facility is even completed by 2022, having coined its connotation as the "blood-stained World Cup." FIFA's reluctance to reexamine their construction procedures is, among many things, a primary concern for the future of the soccer organization.
Johnson Bernard
Read next: What is it with Cristiano Ronaldo?
Father of four, married for twenty years, and yet I still have the energy to type this up at 1 am as little Timmy begins to wail from upstairs. I'm a fixer-upper and a family man.
See all posts by Johnson Bernard →
The Spanish Connection
Think back to the summer; Chelsea had just signed Alvaro Morata for £58m from Real Madrid, a new club record. This sparked a lot of speculation: was Cesc Fabregas going to provide the same assists that he provided to Diego Costa previously? But no, instead it was Cesar Azpilicueta providing the majority of assists.
Huddersfield 0-3 Liverpool: Stats Review
Andrew Beasley
Sound the church bells! Liverpool had a lot of possession away from home, and won! This has been all too rare an occurrence in recent times. Prior to this match, the Reds had played 46 away matches in the Premier League under Jürgen Klopp. Those games split almost evenly between Liverpool having less or more than 59 percent of the possession.
Chasing Football
Clare Dinsdale
It is 9:30 AM on a Wednesday morning, and I find myself sitting at my computer perusing job adverts for an opening in football, as I have many mornings before. It has been over a year since I started looking for a job in football, and 4 months of sporadic employment since I started my General Management Programme in Sports Business. A course I enrolled in to help me break into the industry, and despite my best efforts, I have not yet landed my dream job. But, a lot has changed in that time. My husband and I have both lost our jobs; we moved into a new home; I made a lot of new contacts and attended my first sports business conference. Some things, however, remain the same. I am still hoping and dreaming of my big break, and I still have the look of hopeful desperation that I hope screams "Hire me" to potential employers. Yet with each application, I am reminded of how much experience is worth… and of how little experience I have in the industry. I have contacted every person I was advised to, followed up on every potential lead, had meetings, phone calls and even one or two interviews. I have researched the perfect cover letter, opening lines, read up on every team and every business ahead of every meeting or letter. Yet, despite all my hard work, I find myself still perusing those same job offers in the hopes that one application will work out.
A Day at the OptaPro Forum
Whatever your opinion of football statistics, there's no doubt you will be aware of Opta. They are the official data provider for the Premier League, and their OptaJoe Twitter account has over a million followers.
Antonio Conte Set for the Sack or Contract Extension?
Recently, Antonio Conte has been under some scrutiny after Chelsea have had some poor performances, and this can been accompanied with some very poor results. This was capped off with a second half collapse against Bournemouth, which led to a 3-0 home defeat to AFC Bournemouth on Wednesday. This included three goals in sixteen second half minutes, including former Blue, Nathan Ake, scoring the third. Ake had left the club in the summer for around 20 million pounds.
Richest Soccer Players of 2017
Kelsey Lange
Though soccer might not be as glorified as football is in the United States, you will be shocked by the amount of money these athletes bring in each year. It is the most popular sport worldwide! Some of the richest soccer players of 2017 will come as no surprise to fans. Can you guess which of these ranks as the wealthiest?
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Collaborating artists Sandra Gibson and Luis Recoder have been exhibiting their expanded cinema installations and performances since 2000. Their works are in the permanent collections of major museums, including the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, Memorial Art Gallery in Rochester, and Museum Kunstpalast in Düsseldorf, Germany. Artist awards and commissions include The Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Center in Italy, National Endowment for the Art's U.S.-Japan Creative Artists Fellowship, and Madison Square Park Conservancy in New York. They have lectured on their work extensively as well as conducted studio master-classes. Lecturing appointments include both long and short-term teaching residencies in the media departments of the University of Colorado Boulder, Denison University in Ohio, and California Institute for the Arts. They are currently featured artists and research associates of RESET THE APPARATUS! The Persistence of the Photographic and the Cinematic in Contemporary Art, hosted by the University of Applied Arts Vienna, Austria. Gibson + Recoder live and work in New York.


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Justia Patents Digital OutputUS Patent for Thermal image positioning method and system thereof Patent (Patent # 11,501,510)
Thermal image positioning method and system thereof
May 17, 2021 - Wistron Corporation
A thermal image positioning method for determining a heat source location of the thermal image is disclosed. The thermal image positioning method includes obtaining a temperature array corresponding to the thermal image and determining a region of interest (ROI) of the temperature array. The thermal image positioning method further includes determining an ROI center reference point of the ROI, determining a plurality of corner points corresponding to the ROI, and determining the heat source location according to at least one of the plurality of corner points. A thermal image positioning system is also disclosed herein.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a thermal image positioning method and a thermal image positioning system, and more particularly, to a thermal image positioning method and a thermal image positioning system capable of precisely positioning the location of a heat source within the thermal image.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Thermal imaging is widely utilized for detecting temperatures of human bodies in a quick and effective way. Conventional thermal imaging techniques often take a specific temperature threshold as a reference. Assume that a highest temperature point (being higher than the temperature threshold) of a temperature array corresponding to a thermal image of a human body is located at the forehead. This location will be utilized to represent the temperature of the human body.
Under different environments, however, the highest temperature point of the human body might not be located at the forehead; instead, the highest temperature point may be located at the nose, mouth or neck. In practice, since the conventional thermal imaging device cannot precisely pinpoint the location of the forehead, a solution is to include a camera module which uses visible light to detect and position the face of the human body on the captured thermal image. Since an extra camera module is needed, higher computation resources are required. Therefore, improvements are necessary to the conventional thermal image technique for detecting the temperature of a human body.
In light of the above problem, the embodiments of the present invention provide a thermal image positioning method and a thermal image positioning system to determine a human body zone and a highest temperature location within a thermal image to precisely position a forehead location of the human body.
An embodiment of the present invention discloses a thermal image positioning method, for determining a heat source location of the thermal image, includes: obtaining a temperature array corresponding to the thermal image, determining a region of interest (ROI) of the temperature array, determining an ROI center reference point of the ROI, determining a plurality of corner points corresponding to the ROI, and determining the heat source location according to at least one of the plurality of corner points.
An embodiment of the present invention discloses a thermal image positioning system, for determining a heat source location of a thermal image, includes a thermal image device and a processing device. The thermal image device is configured to generate a temperature array corresponding to the thermal image. The processing device is coupled to the thermal image device. The processing device is configured to: determine a region of interest (ROI) of the temperature array, determine an ROI center reference point of the ROI, determine a plurality of corner points corresponding to the ROI, and determine the heat source location according to at least one of the plurality of corner points.
These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal image positioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a thermal image positioning method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a temperature array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a regional broken temperature array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of determining a region of interest according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are schematic diagrams of a relation between corner points of the region of interest and a human face according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Refer to FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram of a thermal image positioning system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The thermal image positioning system 10 is configured to determine a heat source location of a thermal image. The thermal image positioning system 10 includes a thermal image device 102 and a processing device 104. The thermal image device 102 includes a sensor 1022, wherein the sensor 1022 may include a temperature sensor (not shown in the figure) for sensing a temperature, but is not limited thereto. The thermal image device 102 is configured to generate the thermal image according to the temperature sensed by the sensor 1022. In addition, the thermal image device 102 may be utilized for generating a temperature array corresponding to the thermal image.
The thermal image device 102 may include a thermal image capturing device (not shown in the figure), wherein the thermal image capturing device may generate the thermal image and the corresponding temperature array according to the temperature sensed by the sensor, and each array element of the temperature array may correspond to each pixel of the thermal image. The processing device 104 is coupled to the thermal image device 102, and is configured to determine a region of interest ROI in the temperature array, determine a region of interest center reference point PROI of the region of interest ROI, determine a plurality of corner points corresponding to the region of interest ROI, and determine the heat source location according to at least one of the corner points. For example, the processing device 104 may include a device having a computing unit for processing the temperature array and the thermal image generated from the thermal image device 102. In this way, the thermal image positioning system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention may determine the corresponding region of interest ROI and the region of interest center reference point PROI via the temperature array to precisely position a forehead location of a subject.
In detail, refer to FIG. 2, which is a schematic diagram of a thermal image positioning method 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The thermal image positioning method 20 may be applied to the thermal image positioning system 10, and includes the following steps:
Step 202: Start;
Step 204: Obtain the temperature array corresponding to the thermal image;
Step 206: Determine the region of interest ROI of the temperature array;
Step 208: Determine the region of interest center reference point PROI of the region of interest ROI;
Step 210: Determine the corner points corresponding to the region of interest ROI;
Step 212: Determine the heat source location according to at least one of the corner points;
Step 214: End.
Based on the thermal image positioning method 20, the thermal image device 102 is configured to obtain the thermal image information by the sensor 1022, and then the thermal image information is transmitted to the processing device 104 (step 204). In an embodiment, the thermal image information may be a temperature array of MT*MT, e.g. a temperature array of 80*80, but is not limited thereto.
In order to position the forehead location of the subject in the thermal image, in step 206, the processing device 104 may determine the region of interest ROI in the temperature array. Since an object having a higher temperature than a human body, e.g. a cup of coffee or hot drink, may be included in the thermal image, the accuracy of positioning the heat source location will be affected. Therefore, array elements in the temperature array higher than a temperature threshold T are filtered. More specifically, the temperature threshold T is a threshold to identify an array element with a highest temperature value; array elements adjacent to the array element having the highest temperature value are identified, and temperature values of all identified array elements are set as negative values such that the adjusted temperature values of the identified array elements are smaller than the temperature threshold T. The temperature array information is not affected, and the temperature array corresponding to the thermal image is obtained.
More specifically, refer to FIG. 3A, which is a schematic diagram of a temperature array M according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3A, an array mask of NT*NT is utilized for determining an array element with a highest temperature value in the temperature array M, so as to identify other array elements higher than the temperature threshold T in the temperature array M. The temperature threshold T may be a value higher than an average temperature of a human body, e.g. higher than 42.5 degrees Celsius (° C.), but not limited thereto. This temperature is not within an average temperature interval of a human body. For example, the temperature value of an array element A and an array element B in FIG. 3A are both 45° C. and are determined not to be a subject. The array elements adjacent to the array elements A and B are identified in step 206. The corresponding values of the array elements A and B and the array elements around the array elements A and B are set as negative values to filter the array elements A and B and the array elements around the array elements A and B. After the values of the array elements A and B and the array elements adjacent to the array elements A and B are set as negative values, the temperature array M is adjusted to be free from including temperatures of non-subject matters.
Further, refer to FIG. 3B, which is a schematic diagram of a regional broken temperature array according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3B, the values of the array elements A and B are adjusted from 45° C. to −45° C. and the array elements around the array elements A and B are adjusted to negative values in this step. In other words, the processing device 104 is configured to determine the array elements A and B having the highest temperature value. The processing device 104 is also configured to respectively determine the array elements A and B and the array elements adjacent to the array elements A and B with an array mask of 3*4 and an array mask of 4*6 in the temperature array M and identify the corresponding regional broken temperature arrays FA_A and FA_B. The regional broken temperature arrays FA_A and FA_B, for example, include the array elements A and B and their adjacent array elements, which have a temperature higher than the temperature threshold T.
Similarly, as shown in FIG. 3B, assuming that the temperature threshold T is set as 39° C., a value of the array elements and their adjacent array elements in the temperature array M higher than 39° C. are identified, and then the values of corresponding array elements are set as negative values to filter the array elements in the regional broken temperature arrays FA_A and FA_B. This avoids affecting data of the entire temperature array M. The regional broken temperature array FA_A and the regional broken temperature array FA_B are respectively a 3*4 array mask and a 4*6 array mask in the temperature array M shown in FIG. 3B. Notably, the values of the above embodiments are examples, and not limited thereto.
In order to determine a facial position of the human body in the region of the thermal image, the processing device 104 may further determine a high-temperature region HTZ according to the adjusted MT*MT temperature array M in step 206, and determine a center point Pcenter, a highest temperature point Pmax, and an average temperature Tavg of the high-temperature region HTZ, wherein the center point Pcenter denotes a location of a center point of the high-temperature region HTZ, the highest temperature point Pmax denotes a location with a highest temperature of the high-temperature region HTZ, and the average temperature Tavg denotes an average value of all values in the high-temperature region HTZ. Therefore, the processing device 104 may determine the region of interest ROI with a NR*NR array mask of the temperature array M according to the center point Pcenter, the highest temperature point Pmax, and the average temperature Tavg of the high-temperature region HTZ. Notably, the NR*NR array mask is not required to be the same size as the high-temperature region HTZ.
More specifically, refer to FIG. 4, which is a schematic diagram of determining the region of interest ROI according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 4, assume an origin coordinate 0 (0, 0) in the thermal image, wherein values of X-axis are increased from left to right and values of Y-axis are increased from top to bottom. The NR*NR array mask may be a 7*7 array mask for determining the high-temperature region HTZ in the temperature array M corresponding to the thermal image, and determining the center point Pcenter, the highest temperature point Pmax, and the average temperature Tavg in the high-temperature region HTZ. For example, the high-temperature region HTZ in FIG. 4 may be a 5*5 array mask, but not limited thereto; the NR*NR array mask may be larger than the high-temperature region HTZ.
In an embodiment, in step 208, the processing device 104 is configured to determine a nearest region, which is of the center point Pcenter of the high-temperature region HTZ toward four corners of the NR*NR array mask, according to an Ns*Ns array mask. In step 210, the corner points of the nearest region corresponding to the four corners of the NR*NR array mask are respectively determined. For example, in an embodiment of FIG. 4, the Ns*Ns array mask may be a 3*3 array mask, and the nearest regions A1-A4 are respectively determined based on the center point Pcenter toward the four corners of the 7*7 array mask. Notably, the NR*NR array mask is larger than the Ns*Ns array mask; the above embodiments are for examples, and not limited thereto.
Taking the nearest region A1 as an example, the nearest region A1 includes the array elements A1_1-A1_9, and the processing device 104 is configured to respectively compare values of the array elements A1_1-A1_9 with the average temperature Tavg. When a comparison result is that the values of the array elements A1_5, A1_6, A1_8, A1_9 are higher than the average temperature Tavg, the array elements A1_5, A1_6, A1_8, A1_9 belong to an inner angle region, the array elements A1_1-4, A1_7 belong to an external angle region, and a corner point P1 is determined in the nearest region A1. Similarly, the array elements A2_4, A2_5, A2_7, A2_8 of the nearest region A2 belong to the inner angle region, the array elements A2_1-3, A2_6, A2_9 of the nearest region A2 belong to the external angle region, a corner point P2 is determined in the nearest region A2 and so forth, until a corner point P3 is determined in the nearest region A3 and a corner point P4 is determined in the nearest region A4.
Furthermore, the processing device 104 may take the corner point P1 as a reference point and determine the region of interest center reference point PROI according to a top side length Wtop and a side length H, wherein the top side length Wtop is determined by the corner points P1, P2, and the side length H is determined by the corner points P1, P3 or P2, P4. For example, the side length H may be a left side length Hleft formed by the corner points P1, P3. When a coordinate of the corner point P1 is (P1_x, P1_y), a coordinate of the region of interest center reference point PROI is (P1_x+Wtop/2, P1_y+Hleft/2). In other words, the side length H may be a right side length Hright formed by the corner points P2, P4. When a coordinate of the corner point P2 is (P2_x, P2_y), a coordinate of the region of interest center reference point PROI is (P2_x+Wtop/2, P2_y+Hright/2).
Since a hottest point of the upper part of a human body may be located at the forehead, nose, mouth or neck of a human face, i.e. a hottest point in the thermal image may be approximately located around a vertical line of the human face, the location of the highest temperature point Pmax determined by the processing device 104 is located at or around one of the above hottest points.
Refer to FIG. 5, which is a schematic diagram of a relation between corner points P1-P4 of the region of interest ROI and a human face according to an embodiment of the present invention. The thermal image positioning method 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention firstly determines the region of interest ROI (i.e. a head position of the human body) of the high-temperature region HTZ from the temperature array M of the thermal image, and then the processing device 104 may determine the heat source location according to at least one of the corner points P1-P4 of the region of interest ROI in step 212.
In FIG. 5, the processing device 104 may define a center point interval Icenter to determine whether the region of interest center reference point PROI is located inside the center point interval Icenter for determining whether the region of interest ROI (i.e. the head position of the human body) is correctly determined. When the region of interest center reference point PROI is located inside the center point interval Icenter, the processing device 104 is configured to determine the heat source location according to at least one of the corner points of the NR*NR array mask. Notably, the center point interval Icenter is generated according to the highest temperature point Pmax of the high-temperature region HTZ and the NR*NR array mask. For example, the center point interval Icenter may be a multiple of a length NR of the NR*NR array mask (e.g. 1*NR, 2*NR, 3*NR), and the length NR is approximately smaller than a facial width of the human body, but not limited thereto.
With regards to determining the heat source location according to at least one of the corner points of the NR*NR array mask, in an embodiment, assuming the center point interval Icenter is l*NR and the region of interest ROI is the head position of the human body, the heat source location Psource (i.e. the forehead location) is determined by the corner points P1, P2 and a formula (1).
Psource(x,y)=(Pn_x,Pn_y+1),n=1,2(if P1_y>P2_y,n=1,else n=2) (1)
The formula (1) is utilized for determining whether the region of interest center reference point PROI is located inside the center point interval Icenter, where the highest temperature point Pmax is located. As such, when a difference between an X-axis coordinate value of the region of interest center reference point PROI and an X-axis coordinate value of the highest temperature point Pmax is smaller than ½*NR (i.e. smaller than ½*NR pixels), the heat source location Psource (x, y)=(Pn_x, Pn_y+1). Notably, the formula (l) is utilized for determining a Y-axis coordinate value of the corner points P1, P2, and the corner point with larger Y-axis coordinate value is determined as the heat source location (i.e. closer to the upper thermal image). In addition, since the forehead location is usually located below the corner point in practice, the Y-axis coordinate value of the heat source location Psource(x, y) is increased by 1, which shifts the lower side of the thermal image, wherein the shift value is not limited to 1.
In an embodiment, when any part of the region of interest ROI is deformed or shifted, a correspondence between the corner points P1-P4 of the region of interest ROI and the face of the human body is shown in FIG. 6. In FIG. 6, the corner points P1, P3, P4 are located at a human body B_1, and the corner point P2 is located at a human body B_2, i.e. the corner point P2 is positioned on a human body different from that of corner points P1, P3 and P4. In this situation, since the region of interest center reference point PROI does not satisfy the condition of the formula (1), the processing device 104 is required to further determine the heat source location Psource (i.e. the forehead location) according to the corner points P1, P2 and a formula (2) or a formula (3).
(|PROI_x−Pmax_x|>½*NR)&(|P1_x−Pmax_x|<½**NR)→Psource(x,y)=(P1_x,P1_y+1) (2)
(|PROI_x−Pmax_x|>½*NR)&(|P2_x−Pmax_x|<½*NR)→Psource(x,y)=(P2_x,P2_y+1) (3)
The formulas (2), (3) are utilized for determining whether a difference between the X-axis coordinate value of the corner point P1 or the corner point P2 and the highest temperature point Pmax is smaller than ½*NR (i.e. smaller than ½*NR pixels). More specifically, the formula (2) is true when the difference between the X-axis coordinate value of the corner point P1 and the x-axis coordinate value of the highest temperature point Pmax is smaller than ½*NR, the heat source location Psource=(P1_x, P1_y+1). The formula (3) is true when the difference between the X-axis coordinate value of the corner point P2 and the X-axis coordinate value of the highest temperature point Pmax is smaller than ½*NR, the heat source location Psource=(P2_x, P2_y+1).
In another situation, when the corner points P1, P2 are both located outside the center point interval Icenter, i.e. the corner points P1, P2 do not satisfy the formulas (2), (3), the processing device 104 takes the highest temperature point Pmax of the high-temperature region HTZ as the heat source location Psource.
Therefore, the thermal image positioning method 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention may avoid identifying non-human objects and prevent interference from other human bodies when determining the temperature of a specific human body to precisely position the forehead location of the human body.
An operation process of the above thermal image positioning system 10 may be concluded to a thermal image positioning method 70. After the thermal image positioning system 10 obtains the temperature array of the thermal image, the forehead location of the human body and corresponding temperature may be determined according to the thermal image positioning method 70. The thermal image positioning method 70 includes the following steps:
Step 704: Filter the high-temperature values in the temperature array to generate the temperature array M;
Step 706: Determine the high-temperature region HTZ in the temperature array M with the NR*NR array mask;
Step 708: Determine the center point Pcenter, the highest temperature point Pmax and the average temperature Tavg;
Step 710: Determine the region of interest ROI in the temperature array M with the NR*NR array mask;
Step 712: Determine whether the region of interest ROI exists or not. If yes, go to step 714; if no, go to step 720;
Step 714: Determine the region of interest center reference point PROI and the corner points P1, P2;
Step 716: Determine whether the region of interest center reference point PROI satisfies any of the formula (1), (2) or (3). If yes, go to step 718; if no, go to step 720;
Step 718: Determine the X-axis coordinate value of the corner points P1, P2 to determine the heat source location Psource;
Step 720: Take the highest temperature point Pmax in the high-temperature region HTZ as the heat source location Psource.
The operation process of the thermal image positioning method 70 may be known by referring to the above embodiments of the thermal image positioning system 10 and the thermal image positioning method 20 and are not narrated herein for brevity.
Notably, the embodiments of the present invention illustrated above may be properly modified by those skilled in the art, and are not limited thereto. For example, sizes of the NT*NT array mask for filtering the high-temperature values in the temperature array, the NR*NR array mask for determining the region of interest ROI or the array mask for determining the nearest region, a ratio of the thermal image size, amounts and methods to determine the corner points, and a range of the center point interval Icenter may all be adjusted according to requirements of a user and computer system, and directions in the figures are defined for better illustrating the embodiments and not limited thereto.
In summary, the present invention provides a thermal image positioning method and a thermal image positioning system to determine a head position and a highest temperature location of a human body by a temperature array corresponding to a thermal image to precisely position a forehead location of the human body.
Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims.
1. A thermal image positioning method, for determining a heat source location of the thermal image, comprising:
obtaining a temperature array corresponding to the thermal image;
determining a region of interest (ROI) of the temperature array;
determining an ROI center reference point of the ROI;
determining a plurality of corner points corresponding to the ROI; and
determining the heat source location according to at least one of the plurality of corner points.
2. The thermal image positioning method of claim 1, further comprising:
filtering a high-temperature value to generate the temperature array;
determining a high-temperature region in the temperature array;
determining a center point, a highest temperature point, and an average temperature of the high-temperature region; and
determining the region of interest in the high-temperature region with a first array mask according to the center point, the highest temperature point, and the average temperature of the high-temperature region.
3. The thermal image positioning method of claim 2, wherein the step of filtering the high-temperature value to generate the temperature array comprises:
determining an array element higher than a temperature threshold;
determining the array element and array elements adjacent to the array element with a second array mask; and
filtering a value of the array element and values of the array elements adjacent to the array element;
wherein the temperature threshold is higher than an average temperature of a human body.
determining a nearest region defined by the center point of the high-temperature region toward four corners of the first array mask according to a third array mask; and
respectively determining corner points of the nearest region corresponding to the four corners of the first array mask.
5. The thermal image positioning method of claim 4, wherein the first array mask is larger than the third array mask.
6. The thermal image positioning method of claim 4, wherein the step of determining the heat source location according to at least one of the plurality of corner points comprises:
determining that the ROI center reference point is located in a center point interval;
determining the heat source location according to at least one of the corner points of the first array mask;
wherein the center point interval is determined according to the highest temperature point of the high-temperature region and the first array mask.
respectively determining a first corner point and a second corner point are located in the center point interval according to the first corner point and the second corner point of the corner points corresponding to the four corners of the first array mask so as to determine the heat source location.
8. The thermal image positioning method of claim 7, wherein when both of the first corner point and the second corner point are determined to be outside the center point interval, the highest temperature point of the high-temperature region is determined as the heat source location.
9. The thermal image positioning method of claim 5, wherein the ROI center reference point is determined according to a top side length and a side length of a rectangle formed by the corner points corresponding to the four corners of the first array mask.
10. A thermal image positioning system, for determining a heat source location of a thermal image, comprising:
a thermal image device, configured to generate a temperature array corresponding to the thermal image; and
a processing device, coupled to the thermal image device, configured to determine a region of interest (ROI) of the temperature array, determine an ROI center reference point of the ROI, determine a plurality of corner points corresponding to the ROI, and determine the heat source location according to at least one of the plurality of corner points.
11. The thermal image positioning system of claim 10, wherein the processing device is configured to filter a high-temperature value to generate the temperature array, determine a high-temperature region in the temperature array, determine a center point, a highest temperature point, and an average temperature of the high-temperature region, and determine the region of interest in the high-temperature region with a first array mask according to the center point, the highest temperature point, and the average temperature of the high-temperature region.
12. The thermal image positioning system of claim 11, wherein the processing device is configured to determine an array element higher than a temperature threshold, determine the array element and array elements adjacent to the array element with a second array mask, and filter a value of the array element and values of the array elements adjacent to the array element, wherein the temperature threshold is higher than an average temperature of a human body.
13. The thermal image positioning system of claim 11, wherein the processing device is configured to determine a nearest region defined by the center point of the high-temperature region toward four corners of the first array mask according to a third array mask, and respectively determine corner points of the nearest region corresponding to the four corners of the first array mask.
14. The thermal image positioning system of claim 13, wherein the first array mask is larger than the third array mask.
15. The thermal image positioning system of claim 13, wherein the processing device is configured to determine the ROI center reference point is located in a center point interval according to at least one of the corner points of the first array mask so as to determine the heat source location, wherein the center point interval is determined according to the highest temperature point of the high-temperature region and the first array mask.
16. The thermal image positioning system of claim 15, wherein the processing device is configured to respectively determine a first corner point and a second corner point are located in the center point interval according to the first corner point and the second corner point of the corner points corresponding to the four corners of the first array mask so as to determine the heat source location.
17. The thermal image positioning system of claim 16, wherein the processing device is configured to determine the highest temperature point of the high-temperature region as the heat source location when both of the first corner point and the second corner point are determined to be outside the center point interval.
18. The thermal image positioning system of claim 14, wherein the ROI center reference point is determined according to a top side length and a side length of a rectangle formed by the corner points corresponding to the four corners of the first array mask.
19. The thermal image positioning system of claim 10, wherein the thermal image device comprises a sensor configured to sense a temperature, and the thermal image device is configured to generate the thermal image according to the temperature sensed by the sensor.
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Inventors: Chih-Hao Chiu (New Taipei), Hsiu-Mei Lin (New Taipei), Kuo-Hsien Lu (New Taipei)
Primary Examiner: Stefan Gadomski
Current U.S. Class: Digital Output (374/170)
International Classification: G06V 10/22 (20220101); A61B 5/01 (20060101); H04N 5/33 (20060101);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Lindsey Hopkins Technical College is one of the 31 public 2-year colleges in Florida. Its campus is small in size and located in Miami. The institution offers only undergrad degree programs.
In 2017-2018 academic year, 93% of Lindsey Hopkins Technical College's students received financial aid. Below is the breakdown of the financial aid provided to students.


Using the equivalent of an airplane propeller inside a cage to propel it, airboats maneuver through swamplands and shallow waters that would befoul a boat with an inboard or outboard motor. For that reason, airboats are frequently used to tour wilderness areas like Florida's Everglades. Airboat touring companies were once found mostly around Everglades National Park in southern Florida. But today a plethora of them, all featuring local crews and Coast Guard-certified captains, offer wilderness tours through the headwaters of the Everglades system not far from the famed Orlando attractions in Central Florida.
There are many airboat tour companies operating in different locations along Central Florida's St. Johns River. Both Central Florida Airboat Rides and Cypress Lake operate in different locations around Sanford, offering half-hour and hour-long rides on the St. Johns River. Near Christmas between Orlando and the Kennedy Space Center is Midway, running hour-long tours and private charters and Old Fashioned Airboat Rides taking out six-passenger boats every 15-minutes for a 40-mile round trip through the St. Johns River swamplands.
Claiming to be the very first airboat company to offer tours in the Central Florida Everglades headwaters, Boggy Creek has been taking passengers aboard six-person airboats for half-hour and hour-long tours since 1994. The company operates eco (ecology) tours to view native wildlife including bald eagles, an amazing variety of wading birds and the ominous American alligator from two locations in south Orlando near Kissimmee: East Lake and Southport Park .
Spirit of the Swamp airboat tours provide you with high-tech, talk-around headsets so you can communicate with the captain and even ask questions during a 90-minute or two-hour tour on Lake Tohopekaliga just below the town of Kissimmee. The same sort of sound equipment is used aboard the boats operated by Kissimmee Swamp Tours that ply the waters of Lake Kissimmee just south of Lake Tohopekaliga. At 36,000 acres, Lake Kissimmee is the third-largest lake in Florida and is part of the Great Florida Birding Trail.
West of Orlando is the Withlacoochee River flowing north into the Gulf of Mexico. Launching off from the 4,460-acre Lake Panasoffkee into swamps and wilderness areas connected to Withlacoochee River is Tom and Jerry's, featuring hour-long rides into the jungle wilderness aboard airboats large enough to seat 16. Wild Bill's Airboat Tours will take you down the Withlacoochee River and through the adjacent swamps looking for gators. They operate the larger, 16-passenger airboats as well and they offer one-hour tours into the unspoiled wilderness.
David "Davy" Knoles is an award-winning journalist and artist. He began his career as a wartime photojournalist for the U.S. Air Force. Knoles later served as a staff writer and editor for various L.A. newspapers and magazines, including "The Beach Reporter" and "The Palos Verdes Peninsula News," winning awards from the California Newspaper Publishers Association and the California Newspaper Advertising Executives Association.
Knoles, Davy. "Central Florida Air Boat Tours." Travel Tips - USA Today, https://traveltips.usatoday.com/central-florida-air-boat-tours-110344.html. Accessed 22 April 2019.


Have you ever heard someone say, "don't do that, that market is too saturated"? Is market saturation a real problem, or is it just an excuse we like to throw around?
In this episode of Using Your Power, David Andrew Wiebe and Maveen Kaura explore whether market saturation is real or imagined and argue both sides.


text:
Q: Curious Chrome browser extension ("BeestSaveFoorYou") I run the Chrome browser on my Windows 7 PC. Recently, an extension has appeared called "BeestSaveFoorYou." A Google search returns no information about what this might be. I have attempted to delete it, apparently successfully, but it keeps coming back. When I merely disable it, it remains disabled (or at least it says so).
Does anyone have any idea what this is and what it does? I suspect it is malware of some sort, but none of my security utilities take any notice of it.

A: It almost certainly is malware; it it served a purpose it wouldn't have a peculiar name like that. Best remove or at least the very least disable it:
from Chrome browser goto:
chrome://extensions/

and click on trash can. Alternatively you can disable it though I would recommend immediate removal. Beware though as malware is often designed to "stick" to your PC using registry settings and other persistent mechanisms. Removal of the extension is no guarantee it has actually been eradicated from your PC.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home/News/Electoral College Member Says He Won't Vote For Donald Trump
Electoral College Member Says He Won't Vote For Donald Trump
Netloid Team December 6, 2016
A second Republican member of the Electoral College has said he won't be casting his vote for Donald Trump as president, according to an opinion piece published in the New York Times on Monday.
Christopher Suprun, a paramedic from Dallas, wrote in the Times that Trump is not qualified for the office, citing stridently worded tweets the president-elect has recently made on issues as inconsequential as an actor's portrayal of him on "Saturday Night Live."
Such priorities in Trump's tweeted missives even after securing the presidency disqualify him from, he wrote.
Just tried watching Saturday Night Live – unwatchable! Totally biased, not funny and the Baldwin impersonation just can't get any worse. Sad
Suprun referenced an attack at Ohio State Universityduring which a man taking umbrage at the treatment of Muslims went on a stabbing rampage on campus before being killed by police. Trump often takes to Twitter to lambaste his critics, including SNL — ironically a show for which he served as host during his presidential campaign. Within an hour of the last SNL broadcast during which Alec Baldwin offered a reprise of his Trump impersonation, Trump commandeered his Twitter account to slam the performance.
Baldwin later replied via tweet saying he'd stop impersonating him if the president-elect were to release his income tax returns, which he never did during the run-up to the election in spite of mounting pressure for him to do so.
But Suprun's opposition to Trump isn't limited to the president-elect's penchant for tweeting. In his opposition to Trump, Suprun also invoked 9-11, a terror attack to which he was dispatched in rendering medical aid to victims as a paramedic.
"Fifteen years ago, as a firefighter, I was part of the response to the Sept. 11 attacks against our nation," Suprun wrote. "That attack and this year's election may seem unrelated, but for me the relationship becomes clearer every day."
Calling former President George W. Bush an "imperfect man," he nonetheless lauded the leadership he displayed during the worst attack on U. S. soil since Pearl Harbor.
"That was also the last time I remember the nation united," Suprun wrote. "I watch Mr. Trump fail to unite America and drive a wedge between us. Mr. Trump shows us again and again that he does not meet these standards. Given his own public statements, it isn't clear how the Electoral College can ignore these issues, and so it should reject him."
If you tweet to lobby me to vote one way or the other in #ElectoralCollege I will not engage everyone, but I likely am reading it.
Suprun is one of 538 electors scheduled to officially cast their Electoral College ballots on Dec. 19. Trump became president-elect by virtue of his majority of Electoral College votes even as his opponent, Democrat Hillary Clinton, won the popular vote by well more than 2 million votes.
Despite being a lifelong Republican, the paramedic said he will be unable to cast a ballot for Trump come Dec. 19: "I have poured countless hours into serving the party of Lincoln and electing its candidates. I will pour many more into being more faithful to my party than some in its leadership. But I owe no debt to a party. I owe a debt to my children to leave them a nation they can trust."
In addition to Trump's troubling tweets, Suprun wrote that the president-elect lacks the most fundamental characteristics required of the leader of the free world.
"Mr. Trump lacks the foreign policy experience and demeanor needed to be commander in chief," the elector wrote. "During the campaign more than 50 Republican former national security officials and foreign policy experts co-signed a letter opposing him. In their words, 'he would be a dangerous president.' During the campaign Mr. Trump even said Russia should hack Hillary Clinton's emails. This encouragement of an illegal act has troubled many members of Congress and troubles me."
In his op/ed piece, Suprun appealed to his fellow members of the Electoral College to vote their conscience later this month.
"The election of the next president is not yet a done deal," he wrote. "Electors of conscience can still do the right thing for the good of the country. Presidential electors have the legal right and a constitutional duty to vote their conscience. I believe electors should unify behind a Republican alternative, an honorable and qualified man or woman such as Gov. John Kasich of Ohio. I pray my fellow electors will do their job and join with me in discovering who that person should be."
Suprun is the second Texas Republican member of the Electoral College to voice an aversion at the prospect of voting for Trump. Late last month, Art Sisneros of Dayton, Texas, quit his position as a member of the Electoral College to avoid having to cast a ballot for Trump. In a subsequent blog post, Sisneros said casting his ballot for Trump "…would bring dishonor to God."
Trump won Texas and its 38 Electoral College votes in the Nov. 8 general election. The remaining members of the Electoral College will choose Sisneros' replacement when they convene Dec. 19 in state capitals across the country, as well as formally casting their ballots for president.
actor Alec Baldwin America American people of German descent Business Calling Christopher Suprun commander in chief Congress Dallas dangerous president Dayton Donald Trump Donald Trump presidential campaign Electoral College General Election George W. Bush Governor Hillary Clinton John Kasich leader Lincoln Newspaper Publishing Ohio paramedic Pearl Harbor Political positions of Donald Trump Politics president Republican member Russia Social Media & Networking texas The Apprentice the New York Times the Times Twitter United States WWE Hall of Fame
Piers Morgan 'VOMITS' Into A Bucket After Watching Madonna's Toe-Curling Carpool Karaoke
Khloe Kardashian Ruthlessly Rips Trash-Talking Cleveland Cavaliers Fan
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With literally millions of chemical compounds in the environment, many hundreds known to be hazardous, and new compounds being developed every day, keeping your workplace safe and up to standards is a continuing challenge. To meet this challenge, Donald Moffat has outlined a step-by-step IAQ Management Plan and a supporting IAQ Emergency Management Plan. Included is all the background and supporting information needed to successfully implement these plans. Appendices include case studies, a list of exposure limits, Medical reference material, a glossary and addresses of applicable organizations.