Places of Pilgrimage is a project which Ian Scott Massie began as a proposed exhibition about special places where people go for all sorts of reasons: literary, religious, artistic or legendary. Some of the places included were the landscapes of Paul Nash's paintings, the village where Laurie Lee wrote Cider with Rosie, the boathouse where Dylan Thomas composed Under Milk Wood and Stockport Viaduct which so captivated L S Lowry.
This led to the writing and publication of a book and an exhibition tour to eight locations around England. The project has now led to a further tour of new work focusing on the area around Ludlow and Hereford on the English/Welsh border which will be taking place in 2018.
Below are the paintings from the original tour. Many have been sold but are included here so that the exhibition may be seen in full.
Click on an image to make it larger and to see the details.
If you would like to buy a painting please CLICK HERE to send an email.
All prices are for framed paintings. Unframed prices available on request.


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Gottfried's future has come in question during a five-game losing streak and after some lopsided ACC losses this season.
Saturday's 88-58 loss at Wake Forest was the Pack's third ACC loss by at least 25 points this season.
"It's unacceptable the way we got beat," Gottfried said on the ACC's weekly conference call on Monday. "We've got to be a lot better."
N.C. State, 14-12 overall and 3-10 in the ACC, is likely to miss the NCAA tournament for the second straight year. Gottfried, 53, led the Wolfpack to the NCAA tournament in each of his first four seasons. His contract, with a buyout of $2.28 million, runs through the 2019-2020 season.
N.C. State athletic director Debbie Yow has said she will evaluate Gottfried's status after the season.
Miller, 38, is in his sixth season at Dayton and is a former point guard and assistant coach for the Wolfpack.
VIDEO: NC State head basketball coach Mark Gottfried talks after the Wolfpack's 86-76 loss to the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets at PNC Arena in Raleigh, NC Sunday, Jan. 15, 2017.
[Complete coverage of the N.C. State Wolfpack]
Joe Giglio: 919-829-8938, @jwgiglio
state-now
NC State's Mark Gottfried: It's embarrassing
nc-state
NC State's Gottfried: I am not going to lay down
NC State's Dave Doeren on team's defense, backup QB Matt McKay and more
Dennis Smith, Jr. talks about NBA grind and the rookie wall
Where Duke, UNC and NC State players are expected to land in the 2019 NBA draft
By Jonathan M. Alexander
The NBA draft is June 20, 2019 and a number of North Carolina, NC State and Duke players - including Zion Williamson, RJ Barrett, Cam Reddish, Cam Johnson, Coby White, Nassir Little -- should be picked.
MORE STATE NOW
Here are the ACC-Big Ten challenge basketball matchups
Markell Johnson to return for his senior season at NC State
UNC freshman hits for the cycle as the Tar Heels take Game 1 against NC State
UNC loses a Thursday night football game; NC State and Duke get more kickoff times
Pack's Keatts not sure if Lockett will rejoin team
Pack determined to be a tougher team in March after loss to Florida State

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Women are wearing red in solidarity with "A Day Without A Woman."
Amidst the Congress's proposed reforms to the Affordable Care Act, Cecile Richards went on "CBS This Morning" to go to bat for Planned Parenthood. And in honor of International Women's Day and the Day Without a Woman, she did so in a striking red dress.
Richards' decision to wear red on Wednesday is surely a nod to the women around the world who are going on strike as a part of the Day Without a Woman ― those who aren't striking, like Richards, are wearing red in an act of solidarity.
The Planned Parenthood president made the case for the health care organization to CBS's Gayle King ― also notably sporting a red dress ― on Wednesday morning, just two days after House Republicans unveiled the proposed changes.
"Two and a half million women come to us every year for health care services...We simply won't turn out backs on American women," Richards said.
The 'Day Without A Woman' Is Happening. Here's What That Means.


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First Intel 8-Core Sandy Bridge-EP Benchmarks Make Appearance
Now that Intel has launched its first desktop processors based on the high-performance Sandy Bridge-E architecture, the chip maker is racing to get out the Xeon version of these CPUs and the first benchmarks showing the performance of such an 8-core SKU have recently made their way to the Web.
The chip is question is actually an engineering sample processor based on the Sandy Bridge-EP core and its performance was put to the test in both 3DMark 11 and CineBench R11.5.
In both of these benchmarks, the Intel eight-core CPU managed to outperform its desktop counterpart by quite a large margin, as the graphs put together by HardwareLuxx go to show.
From what we can tell, the ES processor used for these tests has a base frequency of 3.11GHz and Hyper-Threading seems to be working, but we don't know if Turbo Core was enabled.
Intel's eight-core Sandy Bridge-EP processors will be released into the Xeon E5 CPU line and according to a recent report will be based on a new stepping of this core that resolves the VT-d bug present in the current revision of the CPU.
Besides the eight computing cores, Intel's Xeon E5 CPUs can also pack a tri- or quad-channel memory controller, up to 20MB of Level 3 cache memory, 2 QPI links, 40 PCIe Gen3 lanes, and four DMI 2.0 lanes.
To accommodate all the new hardware logic, the thermal envelope of the CPU was raised from 130W in the current Sandy Bridge-E desktop CPUs to 150W.
Right now we don't know when Intel will start selling these eight-core processors, but the chip maker said recently that it has already starting sampling Xeon E5 chips to select number of cloud and HPC computer vendors, with mass availability expected in Q1 of 2012.
Web Apps Can Modify the Firefox Context Menu via HTML5
HTML5 goes beyond just the <video>, <audio> or the <canvas> tags. And there's more to it than just the big technical features, drag and drop, filesystem support. What makes it really useful are the little things.
For example, HTML5 context menus which enable a web app to request that the browser add one or more custom entries to the right-click menu.
However, as with many other HTML5 specifications, most browsers don't support custom context menus.
In fact, Mozilla is the only one to add support and this just happened in the recently launched Firefox 8. At this time, Firefox is the only browser to support the feature.
"You may not know it, but the HTML5 specifications go beyond what we put in the pages and also define how parts of the browser should become available to developers with HTML, CSS and JavaScript," Mozilla's HTML5 evangelist Chris Heilmann wrote.
"One of these parts of the specs are context menus, or 'right click menus.' Using HTML5 and a menu element you can add new options to these without having to write a browser add-on," he said.
Since this is such a new feature, you're probably not going to encounter it on the web any time soon. But if you're running Firefox 8 or a newer version, you can check out the demo page Mozilla has set up to see the functionality in action.
And, if you're a developer, Mozilla is also providing all of the code necessary to create your own custom menus. Since this is a standard HTML feature, actually creating menu entries is quite simple.
As for why you'd want custom context menu entries, the possibilities are endless.
Just imagine all of the things you can do with a context menu in a desktop app and then remember how many times you right-clicked in a web app, like Grooveshark, expecting to see a context menu relevant to the item you selected. Of course, there's also the risk that the feature will be abused.
Intel Xeon E5-1600 and E5-2600 Won't Show Up Until March 2012 – Report
We all knew that Intel is having troubles with implementing SAS in its next-generation server platform code named Romley, but we would have never guessed that it would take the chip maker as long as March to resolve these issues.
Of course that without its chipsets being ready, Intel also can't release the Xeon processors using it, so these too are delayed.
According to DigiTimes, both the Xeon E5-2600 and E5-1600 series CPUs and the C600 chipsets will make their official debut in the first week of March 2012, which is a full quarter later that what Intel said initially.
The good news however is that the problems are gradually being resolved, so when the end product ships there shouldn't be any more issues to be resolved, which is always a good thing in the server industry.
Atom N2100 Cedar Trail-M CPU Outside of Intel's Roadmap
Whatever plans Intel had made for the Atom series of central processing units, they didn't include a certain Atom N2x00 chip, but the web is nothing if not observant.
While this is not the first time Intel creates a processor without planning for it too far in advance, the chip some think will be called Atom N2100 might gather quite the following.
This is because it is intended as a cost-sensitive option, which means it will be even cheaper than the Cedarview and Cedar Trail products, which already went through their own price cuts.
As a single-core CPU, the item will probably have 512 KB cache memory and a clock speed of around 1.86 GHz or so.
Keep in mind that no specs were provided, though, and that all these numbers are pure speculation, based on what Intel has on the market right now and what it did in the past.
28nm NVIDIA GPU Roadmap Revealed
Leaks and rumors about what NVIDIA has in store have not been absent, but one has finally arisen that provides the exact plans of the company in regards to the 28nm manufacturing process.
28nm is the technology that both Advanced Micro Devices and NVIDIA rely on for their new series of graphics processing units (GPUs).
This report has now shown precisely how NVIDIA plans to have its Kepler advance.
The high-end chip will have a smaller die than the massive Fermi and will bear the name GK104.
With 384-bit memory support, it can churn out 2 TFLOPS (30% more than GTX 580) and will be ready by the middle of next year.
Unfortunately, the prowess comes at the price of a high power consumption, 250W, which makes one wonder how much energy the GK110, a dual GX104, will need (will appear soon after).
Much sooner than GK104 will arrive the GK107, the first model as it were, which is a notebook part, with a memory interface of 128 bits and PCI Express 2 support (other GK chips have PCI Express Generation 3 support).
The GK106 will come second, a mid-range GPU, featuring 256-bit memory. Along with the GX107, it will show up at some point during the second quarter of 2012.
So far, the Santa Clara company seems to have similar designs as AMD, but the similarities end at the end of 2012 / early 2013, when NVIDIA will again launch a GPU with a massive die: GX112, with 512-bit memory.
So far, things sound optimistic, but there is always a catch and, in this case, it is TSMC that might cause disruptions to this plan, as well as AMD's own.
Many fear that the nightmare behind the 40nm low chip yields, which hit both companies very hard last year, will repeat with 28nm.
The first signs are already showing in fact, as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company is already experiencing a high demand while producing only 20,000 units per month.
First Intel 8-Core Sandy Bridge-EP Benchmarks Make...
Web Apps Can Modify the Firefox Context Menu via H...
Intel Xeon E5-1600 and E5-2600 Won't Show Up Until...
Atom N2100 Cedar Trail-M CPU Outside of Intel's Ro...


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La dote es el patrimonio que la futura esposa o su familia entregan al novio, siendo en muchos casos proporcional al estatus social del futuro esposo. Su significado, según diferentes culturas, bien sería el de contribuir a la manutención de la propia novia o contribuir a las cargas matrimoniales. En todo caso, la dote se otorga al hombre quien la administra durante la duración del matrimonio y de producirse el repudio, la separación o el divorcio tendría que devolverla.

En algunas culturas, la dote forma parte de un intercambio de riquezas entre las familias contrayentes acompañada de un cierto pago del novio o su familia a la familia de la novia, denominado excrex. Este pago es relativamente frecuente en algunas culturas africanas, mientras que la dote sería más propia de Asia del Sur y algunas sociedades europeas. En países como India, Pakistán, Bangladés, Nepal, Sri Lanka es la novia la que tiene que pagar una dote a la familia del novio.

A pesar de que en estos países asiáticos se prohibiera expresamente la dote a mediados del s. XX (en la India fue ilegalizada en 1961), esta práctica sigue siendo bastante común y en ocasiones ha suscitado problemas cuando no se pueden satisfacer las exigencias del marido, lo que acarrea maltrato o incluso uxoricidios u otros tipos de asesinatos.

En algunas regiones de Europa se ha conservado la tradición del ajuar, que antiguamente consistía en el conjunto de enseres, muebles y ropas aportados por la familia de la novia y que hoy también puede hacerse extensible a la familia del novio.

En otras culturas, como en los pueblos germánicos del Medievo, aparece un fenómeno marital denominado Morgengabe, que consistiría en un pago del novio a la familia de la novia. El mahr es un fenómeno parecido al Morgengabe germánico pero en la cultura islámica que se menciona en el Corán en el versículo 4:4, donde el novio le paga a la novia un cierto monto de dinero, joyas o bienes inmuebles.

Origen

El estudio comparativo del antropólogo Jack Goody sobre los sistemas de dote en todo el mundo utilizando el Atlas Etnográfico demostró que la dote es una forma de herencia que se encuentra en la amplia franja de sociedades de Eurasia desde Japón hasta Irlanda que practican la "devolución divergente", es decir, que transmiten la propiedad a los hijos de ambos sexos. Esta práctica difiere de la mayoría de las sociedades del África subsahariana que practican la "herencia homogénea", en la que la propiedad se transmite sólo a los hijos del mismo sexo que el propietario. Estas últimas sociedades africanas se caracterizan por la transmisión del "precio de la novia", el dinero, los bienes o la propiedad entregados por el novio o su familia a los padres de la novia (no a la propia novia).

Goody ha demostrado la existencia de una correlación histórica entre las prácticas de "devolución divergente" (dote) y el desarrollo de la agricultura intensiva de arado por un lado, y la herencia homogénea (precio de la novia) y la agricultura extensiva de hoe por otro. Basándose en el trabajo de Ester Boserup, Goody señala que la división sexual del trabajo varía en la agricultura intensiva de arado y en la horticultura extensiva itinerante. En las regiones poco pobladas donde se practica la horticultura itinerante, la mayor parte del trabajo lo realizan las mujeres. Estas son las sociedades que utilizan el concepto de precio de la novia. Boserup asocia además la horticultura itinerante con la práctica de la poligamia, y de ahí que se pague el precio de la novia como compensación a su familia por la pérdida de su trabajo.  En la agricultura de labranza, el trabajo es mayoritariamente masculino; aquí es donde se da la dote. En cambio, la agricultura de arado se asocia con la propiedad privada y el matrimonio tiende a ser monógamo, para mantener la propiedad dentro del núcleo familiar. La familia cercana es la pareja matrimonial preferida para mantener la propiedad dentro del grupo.

Existe un debate académico sobre la teoría de Goody. Sylvia Yanagisko argumenta, por ejemplo, que hay una serie de sociedades, incluyendo partes de Japón, el sur de Italia y China, que no apoyan la afirmación de Goody de que la dote es una forma de herencia femenina de la propiedad masculina. Señala que el de Goody es un modelo evolutivo en el que estas variables históricas pueden no ser los factores decisivos en la actualidad. Susan Mann argumenta, en cambio, con ejemplos en los que incluso en la China imperial tardía, la dote era una forma de herencia femenina.

Stanley J. Tambiah (coautor con Goody en el anterior "Bridewealth and Dowry") argumentó posteriormente que la tesis general de Goody seguía siendo pertinente en el Norte de la India, aunque requería una modificación para adaptarse a las circunstancias locales. Señala que la dote en el norte de la India sólo se utiliza parcialmente como fondo conyugal de la novia, y que una gran parte va directamente a la familia conjunta del novio. En principio, esto parece descartar el modelo de Goody, salvo que en el norte de la India la familia conjunta está compuesta por los padres del novio, sus hermanos casados y sus hermanas solteras, y sus hijos de tercera generación. Esta familia conjunta controlaba esta parte de la dote, que utilizaba para ayudar a financiar las dotes de sus propias hijas y hermanas. Pero cuando los padres morían y la familia conjunta se dividía, este patrimonio conjunto se repartía entre los hijos casados, de modo que, en última instancia, la dote de la novia entregada a la familia conjunta volvía a ella y a su marido como "fondo conyugal"."

Schlegel y Eloul ampliaron el modelo de Goody mediante un nuevo análisis estadístico del atlas etnográfico. Sostienen que un factor importante para determinar el tipo de transacción matrimonial es el tipo de propiedad que controla el hogar. La dote hace circular la propiedad y a las mujeres, y es típica de las sociedades en las que la propiedad es limitada. La dote concentra la propiedad y se encuentra en las clases propietarias o en los pueblos comerciales o de pastores con tierras. Cuando las familias dan la dote, no sólo garantizan la seguridad económica de su hija, sino que también "compran" el mejor marido posible para ella y el mejor yerno para ellos.

Prácticas históricas

Babilonia
Incluso en los registros más antiguos disponibles, como el Código de Hammurabi en la antigua Babilonia, la dote se describe como una costumbre ya existente.  Normalmente, las hijas no heredaban nada del patrimonio de su padre. En su lugar, con el matrimonio, la novia obtenía una dote de sus padres, que pretendía ofrecerle tanta seguridad de por vida como su familia pudiera permitirse..

En Babilonia se practicaba tanto el precio de la novia como la subasta de la dote. Sin embargo, el precio de la novia casi siempre formaba parte de la dote. Según Heródoto, las subastas de doncellas se celebraban anualmente. Las subastas comenzaban con la mujer que el subastador consideraba más bella y progresaban hasta la menos. Se consideraba ilegal permitir la venta de una hija fuera del método de subasta. Las doncellas atractivas se ofrecían en una subasta para determinar el precio de la novia que debía pagar un zagal, mientras que en el caso de las doncellas carentes de atractivo era necesaria una subasta inversa para determinar la dote que debía pagar un zagal.  En caso de divorcio sin motivo, el hombre debía entregar a su mujer la dote que traía, así como el precio de la novia que el marido le había dado. La devolución de la dote podía ser discutida, si el divorcio era por un motivo permitido por la ley babilónica.

La dote de la esposa era administrada por su marido como parte del patrimonio familiar.  Sin embargo, él no tenía nada que decir sobre su disposición final; y legalmente, la dote debía mantenerse separada, ya que se esperaba que sirviera para mantener a la esposa y a sus hijos. La esposa tenía derecho a su dote a la muerte del marido. Si moría sin hijos, la dote pasaba a su familia, es decir, a su padre si estaba vivo, y si no, a sus hermanos.  Si tenía hijos varones, éstos la compartían a partes iguales. Su dote sólo podía ser heredada por sus propios hijos, no por los hijos de su marido con otras mujeres.

La Grecia antigua
En la Grecia arcaica, la práctica habitual era dar un precio de la novia (hédnon (ἕδνον)). Las dotes (pherné (φερνή)) se intercambiaban a finales del periodo clásico (). El marido tenía ciertos derechos de propiedad sobre la dote de su esposa. Además, la esposa podía aportar al matrimonio una propiedad propia, que no estaba incluida en la dote y que, por tanto, era sólo suya.  Esta propiedad estaba "más allá de la dote" (en griego parapherna, raíz de parafernalia) y se denomina propiedad parafernal o propiedad extradotal.

Una dote también puede haber servido como una forma de protección para la esposa contra la posibilidad de malos tratos por parte de su marido y su familia, proporcionando un incentivo para que el marido no dañe a su esposa. Esto se aplicaba en culturas en las que se esperaba que la dote fuera devuelta a la familia de la novia si ésta moría poco después de casarse.

En la Grecia contemporánea, la dote fue eliminada del derecho de familia mediante reformas legales en 1983. Demos, Vasilikie. (2007) "The Intersection of Gender, Class and Nationality and the Agency of Kytherian Greek Women". Ponencia presentada en la reunión anual de la American Sociological Association. 11 de agosto.</ref>

Imperio Romano
Los romanos practicaban la dote (dos). La dote era una propiedad transferida por la novia, o en su nombre por cualquier otra persona, al novio o al padre del novio, en su matrimonio. La dote era una institución muy común en la época romana, y comenzó por el deseo de que la familia de la novia contribuyera con una parte de los gastos que implicaba la creación de un nuevo hogar. La dote se entregaba con el fin de que el marido pudiera sostener las cargas del estado matrimonial (onera matrimonii). Todos los bienes de la esposa que no fueran dote, o no fueran una donatio propter nuptias, seguían siendo de su propiedad, y se llamaban Parapherna. La dote podía incluir cualquier forma de propiedad, dada o prometida en el momento del matrimonio, pero sólo lo que quedaba después de deducir las deudas. No sólo la familia de la novia, cualquier persona podía donar sus bienes como dote para la mujer.

Se conocían dos tipos de dote: dos profectitia y dos adventitia. Ese dos es profectitia que fue dado por el padre o el padre de la novia. El resto de dos es adventitia. El derecho romano también permitía una especie de dote, llamada dos receptitia, que era entregada por alguna otra persona que no fuera el padre o el padre de la novia, en consideración al matrimonio, pero con la condición de que fuera devuelta al dador de la dote, a la muerte de la esposa. La familia de la novia debía dar una dote cuando una chica se casaba, y en proporción a sus medios. Era costumbre que la familia y los amigos de la novia pagaran las dotes prometidas en cuotas a lo largo de tres años, y algunos romanos se ganaban grandes elogios entregando la dote en una sola suma..

Subcontinente indio
La práctica de la dote en el subcontinente indio es un tema controvertido. Algunos estudiosos creen que la dote se practicaba en la antigüedad, pero otros no. Los informes de testigos históricos (que se comentan más adelante) sugieren que la dote en la India antigua era insignificante, y que las hijas tenían derechos de herencia, que por costumbre se ejercían en el momento de su matrimonio. Las pruebas documentales sugieren que a principios del , el dotación, más que la dote era la costumbre común, lo que a menudo hacía que los chicos pobres se quedaran sin casar.

Stanley J. Tambiah afirma que el antiguo Código de Manu sancionaba la dote y la riqueza nupcial en la antigua India (típicamente en Rohtak) y especialmente en las familias Kadia, pero la dote era la forma más prestigiosa y estaba asociada a la casta brahmánica (sacerdotal). La dote estaba restringida a las castas inferiores, que no podían darla. Cita dos estudios de principios del  con datos que sugieren que este patrón de dote en las castas superiores y de patrimonio nupcial en las castas inferiores persistió durante la primera mitad del . Sin embargo es más probable que los matrimonios implicaran regalos recíprocos entre las dos familias, afirma Tambiah, de modo que en la medida en que la familia del novio daba la riqueza de la novia, ésta solía devolvérsela como dote a la novia como parte de su patrimonio conyugal.

Michael Witzel, por el contrario, afirma que la antigua literatura india sugiere que las prácticas de dote no eran significativas durante el período védico. Witzel también señala que las mujeres de la India antigua tenían derechos de herencia de propiedades, ya sea por designación o cuando no tenían hermanos.

Las conclusiones de MacDonell y Keith son similares a las de Witzel, y difieren de las de Tambiah; citan la literatura india antigua que sugiere que la dote se pagaba incluso en los matrimonios de tipo brahmánico y daiva, asociados a la casta superior brahmánica (sacerdotal). La dote no era infrecuente, cuando la chica sufría algún defecto corporal. Los derechos de propiedad de las mujeres aumentaron en la India antigua, sugieren MacDonell y Keith, durante la época épica (200 a.C. - 700 d.C.). Kane afirma que la literatura antigua sugiere que la riqueza nupcial sólo se pagaba en los matrimonios de tipo asura, que eran considerados reprobables y prohibidos por Manu y otros antiguos escribas indios. Lochtefeld sugiere que los deberes religiosos enumerados por Manu y otros, como "que la novia se adorne ricamente para celebrar el matrimonio", eran el vestido ceremonial y las joyas junto con los regalos que eran de su propiedad, no una propiedad exigida por el novio o destinada a él; Lochtefeld señala además que el adorno nupcial no se considera actualmente como dote en la mente de la mayoría de la gente..

El análisis anterior realizado por varios estudiosos se basa en la interpretación de versos de antiguas escrituras sánscritas de la India, no en relatos de testigos presenciales. Las observaciones disponibles de testigos oculares de la antigua India dan una imagen diferente. Uno de ellos son los registros de testigos oculares de la conquista de Alejandro Magno (ca. 300 a.C.), tal y como recogen Arriano y Megástenes. El primer libro de Arriano menciona la falta de dote,

 Ellos (este antiguo pueblo indio) hacen sus matrimonios de acuerdo con este principio, ya que en la selección de una novia no les importa si tiene una dote y una buena fortuna, sino que sólo miran su belleza y otras ventajas de la persona exterior.  Arriano, La invasión de la India por Alejandro Magno,

El segundo libro de Arriano señala de manera similar,

 Ellos (los indios) se casan sin dar ni tomar dotes, pero las mujeres tan pronto como son casables son presentadas por sus padres en público, para ser seleccionadas por el vencedor en la lucha o el boxeo o la carrera o alguien que sobresale en cualquier otro ejercicio varonil.  Arriano, Indika en Megasthenes y Arriano,

Las dos fuentes sugieren que la dote estaba ausente, o era lo suficientemente infrecuente como para ser notada por Arrian. Unos 1200 años después de la visita de Arrian, otro erudito testigo ocular visitó la India llamado Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī, también conocido como Al-Biruni, o Alberonius en latín. Al-Biruni fue un erudito persa de la época islámica que fue a vivir a la India durante 16 años a partir de 1017. Tradujo muchos textos indios al árabe y escribió unas memorias sobre la cultura y la vida indias que observó. Al-Biruni afirmó,

 Se adelantan los utensilios de los regocijos nupciales. No se establece ningún regalo (dower o dote) entre ellos. El hombre sólo da un regalo a la esposa, según lo considere oportuno, y un regalo matrimonial por adelantado, que no tiene derecho a reclamar, pero la esposa (propuesta) puede devolvérselo por su propia voluntad (si no quiere casarse).  Al-Biruni, Capítulo sobre el matrimonio en la India, alrededor de 1035 d.C.

Al-Biruni afirma además que una hija, en la India del , tenía derecho legal a heredar de su padre, pero sólo una cuarta parte de su hermano. La hija se llevaba esta cantidad de la herencia cuando se casaba, afirmaba Al-Biruni, y no tenía derecho a los ingresos de sus padres después de su matrimonio ni a ninguna herencia adicional tras la muerte de su padre. Si su padre moría antes de su matrimonio, su tutor pagaba primero la deuda de su padre, luego destinaba una cuarta parte de la riqueza restante a su manutención hasta que estuviera lista para casarse, y luego le daba el resto para que lo llevara consigo en su vida de casada.

China

La dote fue común en diferentes períodos históricos de China y continuó a través de la historia moderna. Llamada localmente " (), la dote abarcaba desde tierras, joyas, dinero hasta una colección de ropa, equipos de costura y colección de artículos domésticos. Mann y otros encuentran que la dote era una forma de herencia para las hijas. En la China tradicional, los bienes que poseía una familia, si los había, se destinaban a la división equitativa o a la herencia sólo para los hijos. La dote era la única forma de transferir bienes a una hija. Incluía bienes inmuebles, como la tierra, y bienes muebles, como joyas y ropa fina. La dote que traía consigo solía estar separada de los bienes del marido y de otros miembros masculinos de la familia. A menudo vendía esta propiedad para obtener dinero en efectivo para superar los tiempos económicos difíciles o las necesidades de sus hijos y su marido. En algunos casos, puede transferir los bienes que traía como dote a su hija o nuera. Los bienes de la dote, una vez transferidos, constituían a su vez un patrimonio independiente de la mujer que los recibía (sifang qian, etc.). A menudo, una mujer que aportaba una gran dote era considerada más virtuosa en la cultura china que otra que no lo hacía. En algunas partes de China, tanto la dote como el precio de la novia (pinjin) se practicaban desde la antigüedad hasta el . Aunque a lo largo de la historia de China, la práctica de utilizar un precio de novia se ha utilizado en gran medida en lugar de las dotes, pero ha disminuido lentamente en los tiempos modernos.

Europa
La dote se practicó ampliamente en Europa hasta principios de la era moderna. Los folcloristas suelen interpretar el cuento popular Cenicienta como la competencia entre la madrastra y la hijastra por los recursos, que puede incluir la necesidad de proporcionar una dote. La ópera de Gioachino Rossini La Cenerentola hace explícita esta base económica: Don Magnifico desea que la dote de sus propias hijas sea mayor, para atraer a un partido más grande, lo que es imposible si debe aportar una tercera dote.

Una pena común para el secuestro y la violación de una mujer soltera era que el secuestrador o violador tenía que proporcionar la dote de la mujer. Hasta finales del  esto se llamaba a veces dinero de la corona, o el incumplimiento de la promesa.

Proporcionar dotes a las mujeres pobres era considerado como una forma de caridad por los feligreses más ricos. La costumbre de los calcetines de Navidad tiene su origen en una leyenda de San Nicolás, en la que echó oro en los calcetines de tres hermanas pobres, con lo que les proporcionó la dote. Santa Isabel de Portugal y San Martín de Porres se distinguieron especialmente por proporcionar tales dotes, y la Archicofradía de la Anunciación, una organización benéfica romana dedicada a proporcionar dotes, recibió todo el patrimonio del Papa Urbano VII. En 1425, la República de Florencia creó un fondo público, llamado Monte delle doti, para proporcionar dotes a las novias florentinas.

Durante la Edad Media, las novias de la aristocracia y la realeza recibían grandes herencias como dote. La corona portuguesa dio dos ciudades en la India y Marruecos como dote a la corona británica en 1661 cuando el rey Carlos II de Inglaterra se casó con Catalina de Braganza, una princesa de Portugal.

En algunos casos, las monjas debían llevar una dote al ingresar en un convento. En algunas épocas, como Antiguo Régimen Francia, los conventos también fueron utilizados por algunos padres para colocar a las hijas menos atractivas, de modo que las más casaderas pudieran tener dotes más grandes. Las familias del Antiguo Régimen que no podían proporcionar dotes adecuadas también utilizaban los conventos como lugares para colocar a sus hijas.

En el Condado de Bentheim, por ejemplo, los padres que no tenían hijos varones podían dar una dote de tierras a su nuevo yerno. La dote se solía dar con la condición de que adoptara el apellido de la novia, para que continuara el nombre de la familia.

Inglaterra
La dote se utilizaba en Inglaterra. Sin embargo, el derecho de las hijas a heredar y de las mujeres a tener propiedades y otros derechos en su propio nombre la convertían en un instrumento diferente al del continente.   La ley sálica, que obligaba a desheredar a las mujeres y a privarlas de la propiedad de la tierra, no se aplicaba en Inglaterra.  Las mujeres solteras tenían muchos derechos que los hombres sí tenían.  El ejemplo más famoso de este derecho de herencia y agencia femenino inglés es quizás Isabel I de Inglaterra, que tenía todos los derechos que tenía un monarca masculino.

Si bien las mujeres solteras tenían derechos para poseer propiedades equivalentes a las de los hombres, el matrimonio y las mujeres casadas se vieron afectadas por los cambios de la Conquista normanda de Inglaterra a la ley en el . La Coverture se introdujo en el derecho consuetudinario en algunas jurisdicciones, requiriendo que la propiedad de una esposa se mantenga a nombre, custodia y control del marido. Los normandos también introdujeron la dote en Inglaterra reemplazando la costumbre anterior de que el nuevo esposo le diera un regalo matutino a su novia. Al principio el esposo entregaba públicamente [¿o recibía?] la dote en la puerta de la iglesia en la boda.

Si el marido moría primero, lo que era frecuente, había una dote de viudas de un tercio de las tierras del marido en el momento de su matrimonio; los ingresos y, en algunos casos, la gestión de las tierras le fueron asignados por el resto de su vida. Este concepto está incluido en la Gran Carta, y junto con el reconocimiento de la herencia femenina y la ausencia de la ley sálica, y las mujeres, particularmente las mujeres solteras, que tienen muchos derechos equivalentes a los que tienen los hombres, manifiesta inglés ley que difiere fundamentalmente de la ley del Continente, especialmente la ley del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico.

Los registros judiciales del  están llenos de disputas sobre dotes y la ley se volvió cada vez más compleja.

El sistema de dote inglés permitía a la mayoría de las familias nobles casar a sus hijas y, de este modo, obtener mayores vínculos de parentesco y patrocinio. Las hijas casaderas eran un bien valioso para los padres ambiciosos, y la aristocracia inglesa enviaba a pocos de sus hijas elegibles a los conventos.

La falta de una dote habitual, o acordada, puede provocar la anulación de un matrimonio. William Shakespeare hizo uso de un evento de este tipo en El Rey Lear: uno de los pretendientes de Cordelia renuncia a su demanda al enterarse de que el Rey Lear no le dará ninguna dote. En Medida por medida, las relaciones prematrimoniales de Claudio y Julieta fueron provocadas por las disputas de sus familias sobre la dote después de los esponsales. El motivo de Ángelo para desistir de su compromiso con Mariana fue la pérdida de su dote en el mar.

En la Inglaterra victoriana, las dotes eran consideradas por algunos miembros de la clase alta como un pago anticipado de la herencia de la hija. En algunos casos, las hijas que no habían recibido su dote eran las únicas herederas con derecho a parte de la herencia cuando sus padres morían. Si una pareja moría sin hijos, la dote de la mujer solía devolverse a su familia.

La Coverture nunca se aplicó universalmente en Gran Bretaña y fue derogada en el . Esto acabó efectivamente con el concepto de dote, ya que la propiedad de una mujer soltera era retenida por ella después del matrimonio o sus ingresos se convertían en propiedad marital bajo control conjunto con el marido (no bajo su control exclusivo como en el coverture).

Rusia

En algunas partes de Europa, especialmente en Europa del Este, las dotes por tierra eran comunes.

El Domostroy, un libro de consejos ruso del  para las clases altas, incluye el consejo de reservar una propiedad para los fines de la dote, y utilizarla para acumular ropa de cama, ropa y otras cosas para ella, en lugar de tener que comprarlo todo de repente para la boda; si la hija muriera, la dote debería utilizarse para dar limosnas y para rezar por su alma, aunque una parte podría reservarse para otras hijas. En la tardía Rusia zarista la dote consistía originalmente en ropa para la novia, lino y ropa de cama.  El lino se hizo menos común, hecho que se achacó a la mala cosecha de lino y a que las niñas eran malas hilanderas, pero se hizo hincapié en la finura de la ropa, y a veces se añadió una dote de dinero, sobre todo si se consideraba que la novia tenía algún defecto.  Los futuros suegros, que solían preocuparse sobre todo por su capacidad de trabajo, se preocupaban más por la dote económica..

Rumanía
En Rumanía, a finales del  y principios del XIX (1750-1830), la exclusión de las hijas de la herencia familiar condujo a una mayor cohesión dentro del núcleo familiar.  Los parientes masculinos de la esposa controlaban la dote, pero ella conservaba la propiedad exclusiva de la misma y de los regalos de boda. Sus parientes podían perseguir al marido por despilfarrar la dote; las esposas adquirían cierta capacidad para abandonar un matrimonio abusivo. El resultado a largo plazo fue un mayor empoderamiento legal de las mujeres, a la vez que se proporcionaba seguridad económica a las mujeres divorciadas, las viudas y los niños.

Continente americano

Culturas indígenas
Según un estudio etnográfico de las culturas indígenas de todo el mundo, alrededor del seis por ciento de las culturas indígenas norteamericanas practicaban el intercambio recíproco, que implicaba la entrega de regalos entre las familias de los novios. Entre las tribus de las llanuras americanas, se utilizaba una combinación de dote y de dote. El novio regalaba caballos a los padres de la novia, mientras que ellos, a su vez, daban un regalo al novio. El intercambio era en cierto modo recíproco.

México
Los colonos españoles trajeron la costumbre de la dote a México. Las leyes españolas otorgaron a las novias el derecho a controlar su dote después del matrimonio, en contra de la práctica europea habitual de transferir la dote al control del novio y su familia. Las mujeres, en la práctica, solían mantener el control sobre su dote después del matrimonio. El marido podía recibir fondos de la dote para invertirlos en beneficio mutuo de la pareja y de sus hijos, pero las esposas también solían utilizar los fondos de su dote para gestionar sus propios negocios, como tenderos, taberneros y propietarios de tiendas en las zonas urbanas. Las dotes eran una costumbre común en los primeros años de la colonia, pero fueron pasando de moda a mediados del . Para entonces, las hijas menos adineradas solían casarse sin dote.

Nueva Francia
El gobierno francés se esforzó por fomentar el matrimonio de los soldados y comerciantes varones de Nueva Francia concediendo dotes a las mujeres dispuestas a viajar a la colonia de Quebec. Como la corona francesa proporcionaba dotes a muchas de las mujeres convencidas de viajar a Nueva Francia para casarse y establecerse allí, se las conocía como filles du roi (hijas del rey).

Los conventos de Quebec, al igual que en Europa, exigían una dote a los padres de las niñas que se convertían en monjas, de la misma manera que se esperaba la dote en los matrimonios de las novias de clase alta. La Iglesia católica y las autoridades laicas pretendían que este requisito regulara la admisión en las comunidades religiosas. Sin embargo, las muchachas sin dote solían contar con el apoyo de benefactores y, en ocasiones, los conventos rebajaban la suma requerida para entrar en el convento.

Estados Unidos

La dote fue una costumbre traída a los Estados Unidos por los colonos de Inglaterra y otros lugares de Europa. Una leyenda cuenta que John Hull, el Maestro de la Casa de la Moneda en Boston y un hombre rico, determinó la dote para el matrimonio de su hija Hannah con Samuel Sewall. Se dice que Hull puso a su hija de 18 años en un lado de la gran balanza de su almacén. Apiló chelines en el otro lado de la balanza hasta llegar a su peso en plata, y esa fue su dote.

Las hijas de los industriales ricos del , que podían heredar grandes cantidades de dinero y propiedades, recibían "dotes" de sus padres para casarse con aristócratas europeos que poseían un título pero tenían poca riqueza. El intercambio mutuo de título y riqueza elevaba el estatus de la novia y del novio.

Brasil
La dote fue una costumbre traída a Brasil por los colonos portugueses. La economía colonial hizo que las familias tuvieran un gran interés en las herencias de tierras en particular. Como en Europa, la hija mayor solía recibir la mayor dote de su padre. Sin embargo, las variaciones no eran inusuales, ya que la investigación ha demostrado que en São Paulo, el 31% de los padres daban dotes de tamaño creciente a las hijas más jóvenes, y el 21% distribuían las dotes sin favorecer especialmente el orden de nacimiento de las hijas. Además de las dotes, las hijas también podían recibir una herencia de su padre, una parte de la legìtima. Las leyes de herencia eran complejas en el Brasil colonial. Según la ley portuguesa, la herencia debía dividirse entre los hijos que no hubieran recibido una dote. A principios del periodo colonial, las hijas casadas que recibían una gran dote se negaban a aceptar otra herencia tras la muerte de su padre. En el , a medida que las herencias y las dotes se fueron reduciendo, esta costumbre desapareció. Las hijas aceptaban una dote, más una legìtima. De este modo, integraban su dote en la herencia con la legìtima, lo que se llamaba traer la dote à colação. El tercio restante de la herencia, la terça, quedaba libre para que el padre lo repartiera como quisiera entre sus herederos.

Hubo casos en los que se dejó que una hija se casara sin dote, mientras que a sus hermanas se les dio dote, una indicación del control paterno sobre las elecciones matrimoniales. Durante el , a medida que las herencias disminuían en tamaño, los litigios entre hermanos se hicieron más comunes. Las dotes podían incluir tierras, una casa en la ciudad, dinero en efectivo, polvo de oro, lingotes de oro, herramientas y maquinaria, ganado o caballos. En el , los cambios económicos hicieron que los hombres, normalmente comerciantes, aportaran más al matrimonio desde el punto de vista material, y la dinámica económica del mismo cambió.

La dote en Grecia
Esta práctica se observaba en las clases sociales altas; el resto de la sociedad no contaba con tantos recursos, y era un asunto más práctico. Esta tradición tuvo su auge en la Edad Oscura.

La familia del novio era quien daba los presentes (llamada hedna la entrega de regalos), y así se formaba la dote, el patrimonio de la casa.

La novia podía tener muchos pretendientes y recibir regalos de todos- Con esto no se quiere decir que quien regalaba más o mejores cosas, compraba a la novia. Los regalos no se devolvían, y todo lo que un pretendiente daba lo perdía si elegían a otro.

Los matrimonios se concretaban a través de la cabeza de los genes (de la palabra genos= familia real). Muchas veces estos matrimonios eran por amistad entre las familias o por alianzas políticas, algo muy importante para los basileus, debido a la influencia política entre los demás basileus. Las familias no tenían por qué ser del mismo lugar ni comarca.

Véase también
 dote (Derecho romano)

Referencias

Matrimonio
Antropología cultural
Bienes
Derecho romano
Términos jurídicos
Mujer en la sociedad

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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andrea plate
WAR CRIMES DEBATE: HOW A COLLEGE CLASSROOM WENT FROM KNOWING EVERYTHING TO DEALING WITH THE COMPLEXITY OF DEMOCRACY
Asia Media Staff December 1, 2019 No Comments Andrea Plate LCSWPresident Trumppresidential pardonsVETERANS
Andrea Plate Writes — I just concluded a three-year run teaching "Gender and the Military" at a major Southern California university. For three years, I thought I knew what I was talking about. Fifteen years as a licensed clinical social worker at the Department of Veterans Affairs; author of 'Madness', the recently published book about veterans; instigator of the Facebook page "About Face: Veterans and Others Against Madness", for veterans, healthcare workers and all those who care about the plight of America's veterans. That means I've got all the answers, right?
But then came the Trump trifecta of very questionable pardons: Army 1st Lt. Clint Lorance and Maj. Matt Golsteyn, both cleared of war zone murder charges; and Chief Petty Officer Eddie Gallagher, the Navy Seal convicted of posing for a picture with a dead teenage Islamic State fighter (held up by his hair). Lorance had already served six years of his 19-year sentence, with a federal review pending; Golsteyn was set for a February 2020 trial; and Gallagher, after much ado, surrendered his right to service but was allowed to nail down his retirement with a Trident pin. Most recently, three Navy Seals involved in the Gallagher case were freed from accountability and review.
So much for military culture. So much for my teaching respect for that culture. Trump upends all! Were my lesson plans wrong? Or has the military simply, but severely, been wronged?
For months, students struggled to understand military culture. Sure, we pushed on the hot button topics: the right of transgender persons to serve in the military, the growing role of women in combat. But the first few weeks needed a careful introduction — military life as revealed in foundational tenets such as: loyalty; leave no man behind; group cohesion versus the rights of the individual; and chain of command (break it, and the military will break you. Never skip a link —except in that rare case of a major ethical or moral breach, when disobedience becomes duty).
Why was the Secretary of the Navy compelled to resign? Should the Secretary of Defense have stood up for him? Punishments were lifted. The President reversed the Pentagon. Soldiers were … criminals … or
heroes….
What do the real, actual veterans think of all this, my students asked?
Well, at least according to many of the many posts on my Facebook page, it's complicated:
"Trump was given my son's paperwork at a Gold Star dinner he hosted at the White House. He never read it… No soldier left behind means nothing to any of them (civilian officials)."
"Politics are pervasive in the military just as it is in any industry. It's unfortunate but it's a reality, and you must learn and adapt."
"If a country sends you to war, then they shouldn't charge you with a crime that they sent you there to commit."
"War is hell, and in hell, bad things happen."
"Isn't this reaction the Trump derangement syndrome?"
"You train men and call on them to do horrible things. When that horror impacts their behavior in a horrible way then you can't hang 'em out to dry."
Stop this thread, we want to get off!
What to conclude? That the U.S. military is no longer in charge of itself. That military culture is under siege. That its norms and tenets are under reconstruction (some would say, destruction). That the ties that bind the military and its veterans — tenets like brotherhood, unity over individuality — have come unraveled. That military culture, in its ugliest incarnation, reflects the current chaos of civilian culture.
My American-born students, as if anti-imperialists to the core, were troubled. They had thought they knew what to think! The military is almost always wrong. Not really … (As a popular car bumper sticker put it: Hire a college student while they still know everything). International students were far less sure. Because when your military is a security force, rather than defender of the free world (Kuwait), and when America has liberated your country, who's to judge? Because when a K-pop career run seems tougher than service in the South Korean military (witness the rash of star suicides), can all militaries, in all countries, be condemned? Better to serve than sing, said a South Korean student. And she meant it.
We could not come to an agreement.
But in a rare moment of East meets West, a student from Indonesia said this: "No matter what side you're on, you know what's great? That we can actually sit here and talk about it."
Silence. No one could improve on that.
Class dismissed — I did the best I could.
Andrea Plate, senior editor at Asia Media International (asiamedia.lmu.edu), taught 'gender and the military' to undergraduates at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles in the Women and Gender Studies Dept. She is the author of the new book, MADNESS, about veterans and America's veterans administration. She holds degrees from UC Berkeley, USC and UCLA.
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Isohypsibius sabellai är en djurart som tillhör fylumet trögkrypare, och som beskrevs av Pilato, Binda, Napolitano och Moncada 2004. Isohypsibius sabellai ingår i släktet Isohypsibius och familjen Hypsibiidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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SKEANIE SNUG's are hand made from buttery soft genuine leather. These booties feature a soft suede sole, as recommended by the experts. The adjustable velcro collar keeps the shoe fitted snugly around the ankle, the teddy bear fur lining will keep little feet toasty warm. The size Small has a textured suede sole to for suppleness and grip and the size Medium and Large feature a split rubber sole for flexibility and endurance. These boots feature removable insoles, perfect for cleaning or orthotics.


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Sergio Livingstone (ur. 26 marca 1920 w Santiago, zm. 11 września 2012 tamże) – chilijski piłkarz grający na pozycji bramkarza, uznawany za pierwszego wielkiego piłkarza w historii Chile. Był nazywany El Sapo (hiszp. Żaba).

W reprezentacji Chile wystąpił 52 razy (34 w Copa América) w latach 1941-1954. Debiutował 2 lutego 1941 w wygranym 4-0 meczu z Ekwadorem. Brał udział w sześciu edycjach Copa América: 1941, 1942, 1945, 1947, 1949 i 1953 oraz w mistrzostwach świata 1950. Większość kariery spędził w CD Universidad Católica. Przez rok strzegł bramki argentyńskiego Racing Club de Avellaneda, a zakończył karierę w CSD Colo-Colo.

Po zakończeniu kariery został znanym dziennikarzem sportowym telewizji TVN, kojarzonym głównie z barwnego komentowania meczów piłkarskich.

Sukcesy
 Primera División de Chile: 1949 i 1954
 III miejsce na Copa América 1941 i Copa América 1945

Przypisy

Reprezentanci Chile w piłce nożnej
Piłkarze CD Universidad Católica
Piłkarze Racing Club de Avellaneda
Piłkarze CSD Colo-Colo
Uczestnicy Copa América 1941
Uczestnicy Copa América 1942
Uczestnicy Copa América 1945
Uczestnicy Copa América 1947
Uczestnicy Copa América 1949
Uczestnicy Copa América 1953
Uczestnicy Mistrzostw Świata w Piłce Nożnej 1950
Urodzeni w 1920
Zmarli w 2012
Ludzie urodzeni w Santiago


The Church is led by 15 apostles. The most senior apostle is the president of the Church, and he selects two other apostles as counselors. These three function as the First Presidency, which is the highest governing body of the Church. Twelve others form the Quorum of the Twelve — the second-highest governing body of the Church. Together, the First Presidency and the Twelve oversee the entire Church. Church members trace this organizational structure to the New Testament.
All of the apostles are regarded by Church members as "special witnesses" of Jesus Christ throughout the world. They travel frequently, addressing and encouraging large congregations of members and interested nonmembers and meeting with local leadership.
Leaders called seventies — another New Testament office — assist the Twelve Apostles and serve in various locations throughout the world. There are currently eight quorums of the Seventy. Each quorum may have up to 70 members. Some seventies are assigned to headquarters administrative functions, but most live and work within a specific geographic region of the Church.
See also: "How the Church president is chosen."
The leader of a congregation is called a bishop. His administrative "parish" is called a ward.
A group of wards forms a stake, and the leader of a stake is a stake president. "Stake" is not a term found in the New Testament, but is taken from Old Testament tent imagery in which the "tent," or church, is held up by supporting stakes.
Stake presidents and bishops are the leaders most commonly encountered by the broad membership of the Church. These leaders are unsalaried and have a significant amount of local autonomy.
The substantial time and effort required to administer a stake or ward and meet the needs of the members is carried out by the members themselves. Most members are asked by local leaders to contribute in specific capacities. Duties include local administrative, teaching or service-oriented positions. These responsibilities are rotated from time to time. Bishops typically serve for about five years and stake presidents for about nine.
The Church provides local auxiliary organizations called Relief Society, Sunday School, Young Men, Young Women and Primary.
The Church operates an educational system, a welfare system and a missionary program.


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Do Cellphones Cause Brain Cancer or Not?
Senator John McCain's glioblastoma diagnosis revives a longstanding debate over the safety of wireless technology.
Adrienne LaFrance
People look at their cellphones in front of a wall garden during the Milken Institute Global Conference in Beverly Hills, California, in May 2017.Lucy Nicholson / Reuters
Senator John McCain's brain cancer diagnosis is likely to revive a persistent and complex question about the safety of wireless technologies, like cellphones, that emit electromagnetic radiation.
For years, researchers have explored whether cellphone use can increase a person's likelihood of getting cancer. And for years their findings have been mixed—and in many cases controversial. The consensus, if there is one, is that the health risks of regular cellphone usage are probably quite small, if they exist at all. But it's hard to prove a negative, so the question remains open-ended.
Doctors discovered McCain's glioblastoma after the 80-year-old senator underwent a procedure to remove a blood clot, his office announced in a statement from the Mayo Clinic Wednesday night. Glioblastoma is one of the most common and also one of the most aggressive kinds of brain tumor. Senator Ted Kennedy received a similar diagnosis in the spring of 2008. He died from the disease about 15 months later, in August 2009. Could there be a connection between the aggressive form of cancer in Kennedy's brain and his cellphone usage? U.S. senators tend to do a good deal of business by phone, especially when they're in Washington and away from their constituencies.
Seeking the answer to this question is notoriously difficult, not least of all because mobile phones are still relatively new. Today, 95 percent of Americans use cellphones, according to the Pew Research Center. That's a huge jump since 2000, when about 28 percent of Americans used cellphones, according to a separate survey.
Cellphones have been in mainstream usage for under two decades, and yet "radiation-induced brain tumors normally take about 10 to 15 years to develop," wrote M. Nathaniel Mead in a 2008 essay for the journal Environmental Health Perspectives. Yet an astronomical spike in incidences of malignant brain tumors—the kind you might look for if cellphones really do cause cancer—hasn't been recorded.
Because cellphones don't emit enough radiation to mutate a person's DNA the way a nuclear bomb or a trip to outer space might, scientists have focused on other radiation-related concerns in their research. Early work in the field focused on the possibility that phone emissions could damage a person's cells by heating up the surrounding tissue—the idea being that radio-frequency waves can raise the temperature of water, and most human tissue is made of water molecules. More recently, however, researchers examined whether cellphone radiation can harm humans even without heating up their cells.
Plenty of scientists, regulators, and—no surprise here—leaders of wireless tech firms say there's no reason to worry about cellphones causing cancer. Evidence of a causal link just isn't there, they say. That's not for lack of trying to find one. Several of the biggest studies that have sought a connection between cellphone use and cancer found no correlation. (Two of the most notable recent examples of large prospective studies that found no link are here and here.) The U.K. Imperial College London is still working on one highly anticipated study, which is investigating the possible health effects of long-term cellphone use across five European countries.
But this hasn't quieted those who are concerned. In 2015, nearly 200 scientists from across the world signed an open letter urging the United Nations and the World Health Organization to develop stricter rules around wireless technology and public health. Their concerns weren't limited to cellphones, but included a slew of devices like baby monitors, WiFi, cordless phones, and so on.
In May, a group of researchers published in PLOS ONE the results of a meta-analysis that found a "significant" association between long-term mobile phone use and the risk of glioma, the class of tumors that includes glioblastoma. But the actual significance of the link is questionable. The data they used spanned 11 studies between 1980 and 2016, but the researchers themselves acknowledged the evidence is limited and much of the data is "poor quality." The biggest takeaway, then, may be their conclusion that more study is needed.
A National Toxicology Program study last year found that male rats exposed to cellphone radiation for about nine hours a day over a two-year period were more likely to develop two kinds of malignant tumors, including gliomas.
Other studies have found correlations between long-term cellphone use and glioma—especially among people who exclusively hold the phone to the same side of their head. A 2010 paper in the International Journal of Epidemiology, for example, found people with the highest level of cellphone use, about 30 minutes a day over a 10-year period, had a 40 percent higher risk for glioma, compared with those who used cellphones less frequently. One could reasonably expect that politicians would be toward the higher end of the cellphone use spectrum, for example. Even so, that study, like many in this realm, was criticized for its limitations. For instance, the paper found an overall lower risk of glioma among all cellphone users—a strange outcome that researchers chalked up to possible participation bias, which can happen when someone who has a disease is either more or less likely to enroll in the study that's examining that disease. (If methodological issues skewed that correlation across the entire study cohort, skeptics argued, how could any of the study's findings be taken seriously?)
Accounting for bias in these sorts of studies is a difficult problem for researchers. Not only is it potentially unreasonable to ask someone to reliably recall which side of their head they favored while talking on the phone for the past 10 years, they're being asked to remember these habits in a media environment that's saturated with claims about links between cellphones and cancer. It's impossible to measure how popular perceptions about such a link might affect people's accounts of their own behaviors.
A larger concern among researchers is the question of how cellphones might affect children, who are now routine users of the devices from a very young age for the first time in history. But answering any of these questions remains methodologically fraught.
All the while, people's phone habits and phones themselves are changing. Increased cellphone adoption among people of all ages is tempered, the authors of the International Journal of Epidemiology study wrote, by the fact that newer cellphones emit less radiofrequency waves than their predecessors. Possible health risks may also be mitigated by increased use of text messaging and video-calling functions—both of which keep a phone at arm's length rather than right next to a person's head.
Because the data linking cellphone use and cancer is so murky, consumer health advocates say people should make regular use of hands-free calling options to reduce exposure to radiation; and carry their phones in a pocketbook or on a belt clip rather than keeping phones right up against their bodies, in a pocket. "This is particularly important when the cellular signal is weak—when your phone has only one bar, for example," the writer Jeneen Interlandi wrote for Consumer Reports last year, "because phones may increase their power then to compensate."
The Food and Drug Administration considers the cancer risk from cellphone radiation to be "probably very small," it says on its website, but still unknown. The agency encourages hands-free use as a way to minimize exposure to radio-frequency emissions just in case.
Potential technological associations aside, McCain is in the typical demographic for a glioblastoma diagnosis. Such tumors increase in frequency with age, and affect more men than women, according to the American Brain Tumor Association.
Among adults who are treated for the most aggressive glioblastoma, the median survival rate is about 15 months—though a fraction of patients with glioblastoma may live five years or longer. McCain is reviewing his treatment options, according to a statement issued by his office, including a combination of chemotherapy and radiation.
Adrienne LaFrance is the executive editor of The Atlantic. She was previously a senior editor and staff writer at The Atlantic, and the editor of TheAtlantic.com.


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Glasgow West End Hotel
Pick a Glasgow West End Hotel and you'll be within easy reach of Glasgow's most popular attractions, such as the Zoology Museum, the Museum of Transport and the Hunterian Art Gallery.
A Glasgow West End Hotel will place you within easy reach of some of the city's most popular attractions, such as the Hunterian Art Gallery. Choose a cheap Glasgow West End hotel and you'll also be close to some of Glasgow's hidden gems, like Charles Rennie Mackintosh's Queen's Cross Church, near the Forth & Clyde Canal. The church is the headquarters of the Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society and has its own information centre too. Other great attractions in the same area as your Glasgow West End hotel include the Zoology Museum, the Museum of Transport and the Kelvingrove Museum and Art Gallery.
Book a Glasgow Hotel UK and you'll be spoilt for choice for lively bars and friendly restaurants. There are also lots of excellent shops in the city, which is the second largest retail centre in the UK. After breakfast at your Glasgow hotel UK you could visit the array of antique and second-hand shops in the West End area, which sell memorabilia, books and clothes. If you fancy a trip to the East End of the city you should head to the Barras open-air market on Saturdays and Sundays - a haven for the bargain hunters amongst you. StudyStay.com has a range of cheap Glasgow hotels in the UK, so why not browse our extensive list today.


In the framework of the project BIS - Bipolar Ionospheric Scintillation and Total Electron Content Monitoring, the ISACCO-DMC0 and ISACCO-DMC1 permanent monitoring stations were installed in 2008. The principal scope of the stations is to measure the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and to monitor the ionospheric scintillations, using high-sampling-frequency global positioning system (GPS) ionospheric scintillation and TEC monitor (GISTM) receivers. The disturbances that the ionosphere can induce on the electromagnetic signals emitted by the Global Navigation Satellite System constellations are due to the presence of electron density anomalies in the ionosphere, which are particularly frequent at high latitudes, where the upper atmosphere is highly sensitive to perturbations coming from outer space. With the development of present and future low-frequency space-borne microwave missions (e.g., Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity [SMOS], Aquarius, and Soil Moisture Active Passive missions), there is an increasing need to estimate the effects of the ionosphere on the propagation of electromagnetic waves that affects satellite measurements. As an example, how the TEC data collected at Concordia station are useful for the calibration of the European Space Agency SMOS data within the framework of an experiment promoted by the European Space Agency (known as DOMEX) will be discussed. The present report shows the ability of the GISTM station to monitor ionospheric scintillation and TEC, which indicates that only the use of continuous GPS measurements can provide accurate information on TEC variability, which is necessary for continuous calibration of satellite data.


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Ez a lista a Győri ETO FC igazolt felnőtt labdarúgóit tartalmazza, névsorrendben.

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Idegenlégiósok
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NB I-ben pályára nem lépett idegenlégiósok:

Győr sportélete
Gyo~ri ETO
Klubcsapatok játékosainak listái


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Posted on July 20, 2016 by Ed Fallon
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE<
Wednesday, July 20, 2016, 10:00 a.m. CT
Contact: Ed Fallon, Bold Iowa Director, (515) 238-6404 or ed@boldiowa.org
Contact: Bobbi Jean Three Legs, (605) 848-2253 or bobbi.jean@ocetisakowinyouth.com
NATIVE YOUTH RUNNERS CHALLENGE PRESIDENT OBAMA
Relay run of 2,000 miles to D.C. opposes Bakken Pipeline
Des Moines, IA — At 11:00 a.m. on Saturday, July 23 in front of the Neal Smith Federal Building, 210 Walnut Street in Des Moines, Lakota and Dakota youth on a 2,000-mile relay-run to Washington, D.C. will hold a rally and protest to challenge President Obama and the Army Corps of Engineers to take action to stop the Bakken Pipeline. (See their promotional video here.)
Thirty-one young people from the Oceti Sakowin lands in North Dakota are running through Iowa July 19-25, roughly following the path of the Bakken pipeline. They will arrive in Washington, D.C. on August 5 and deliver over 140,000 signatures (people wishing to sign the petition can do so here) against the Bakken Pipeline to the Army Corps of Engineers. They also will rally in front of the White House, calling on President Obama to tell the Corps that a full Environmental Impact Statement is needed to show the harmful impact of the pipeline on their native lands and waters.
"In May, we led a relay race over 500 miles to deliver signatures to the Army Corps of Engineers in Omaha," said Bobbi Jean Three Legs, one of the organizers. "Young people from across the Oceti Sakowin lands and non-Native youth ran over eight days through South Dakota, Nebraska and Iowa, from reservation to reservation, through small towns and bigger cities along the Missouri River. Corps officials listened, but they still haven't stopped the pipeline. We are now taking our message all the way to Washington, to the Corps' headquarters there and to President Obama, to tell them to put an end to this act of aggression against our people, our land, our water and our future."
"The passion and commitment of these tireless young people is contagious," said Bold Iowa director Ed Fallon. "Their message is being well-received across Iowa, where 74% of us oppose the use of eminent domain to build the Bakken Pipeline. We hope their message is equally well-received by President Obama and the Army Corps of Engineers."
Bold Iowa is part of the national Bold Alliance, now in five states and building new alliances to fight fossil-fuel infrastructure expansion projects and promote renewable energy. Visit www.boldnebraska.org/tag/bold-alliance.
Oceti Sakowin Youth and Allies calls on the Army Corps of Engineers and President Obama to stop construction of the Bakken Pipeline because it will cause harm to the great people of this nation whose water and livelihood depends on the Missouri River.


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New Zealand openers Tom Latham and Tom Blundell (Photo/Blackcaps Twitter)
Sydney Test: New Zealand trail by 391 runs against Australia
Sydney [Australia], Jan 4 (ANI): New Zealand were trailing by 391 runs after bundling Australia at 454 in the third Test on Saturday.
On day two, New Zealand openers Tom Latham and Tom Blundell remained unbeaten on 26 and 34 runs respectively. The visitors were at 63 runs without losing a wicket at the end of the play.
Earlier, Marnus Labuschagne's maiden double ton helped Australia to reach a total of 454 runs in the first innings after winning the toss and electing to bat.
Labuschagne scored 215 runs studded with 19 fours and a six before losing his wicket to Todd Astle in the 140th over. This was Labuschagne's fourth hundred and third 150 plus score in his last five Tests.
Playing in his 14th Test, the right-handed batsman averages above 50 in Tests. He resumed his knock from 130 on day two and added 85 runs before he got out. Skipper Tim Paine added 35 runs to the scoreboard before getting bowled by Colin de Grandhomme.
For Kiwis, Grandhomme and Neil Wagner bagged three wickets each. (ANI)
Australia batsman Marnus Labuschagne
Australia vs New Zealand
Colin de Grandhomme
Neil Wagner


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AEG Studios: Designing the Branded Entertainment Playbook
In April of this year, AEG launched their in-house branded content division, AEG Studios. It was a logical next-step for the global promoter who for years, has been connecting some of the biggest brands in the world with some of the biggest live music, sporting events, and musical acts.
Also logical, was placing Raymond Roker — an entertainment industry veteran, having founded URB Magazine/URB.com and led numerous festival sponsorship activations as Content Creative Director for Coachella/Goldenvoice — in the captain's chair as Head of the studio.
Last month I moderated the Digital Hollywood panel, "Live Stream of Music Festivals and Concerts: Brands, Bands and New Technologies," with Roker on the panel, along with John Petrocelli from Bulldog DM, Brian Anderson from YouTube, Eddie Vaca from AmpLive, and Marc Scarpa from Simplynew. After DH was done and dusted, I got a chance to chat with Roker about how things were coming along with AEG Studios, the major shifts taking place in the content and advertising worlds, and how they're positing themselves within the rise of branded and sponsored content.
"Essentially, AEG created this division in a response to the demand in the marketplace with our brand partners," Roker explained. "Many of AEG Global's brand partners across business units have been asking us for this solution in terms of content, both long form and short-form content. It was a natural evolution for us, a natural move to be responsive to this demand; this changing marketplace."
The State of Content and Advertising: A Collision of Upheaval
The marketplace is indeed changing, far faster and more dramatically than most industries, including advertising, retail, and entertainment, could have predicted five or ten years ago. Content consumption habits in the age of live streaming and on-demand online entertainment have heavily influenced how brands reach consumers through traditional advertising and marketing channels.
Unless you've been living under the proverbial rock, you know this. But before we delve into the rise of branded and sponsored content, it's myriad of advantages and benefits, and AEG Studios' major role in taking it further, let's first break down what's transpired thus far in 2017 in traditional and digital channels ad and content channels that is causing AEG's brands partners to seek better, different content strategies for connecting with consumers.
Television advertising. In the US, ad spend is expected to reach $61.1 billion for the 2016-2017 season, according to Nielsen. That's an increase over the 2015-2016 season, which hit $59 billion. That's great, if brands are targeting people age 50-64, the largest television watching age group.
It's not great for the majority of consumer brands that are targeting the largest US population segment, ages 18-34, which pulled ahead of the older TV-watching folks for the first time in 2015. Today this hefty demographic wields over a trillion dollars in spending power and is largely responsible for the dramatic cord-cutting, cord-never statistics.
Sports broadcast networks are attempting to retain the shrinking appointment TV audience by running shorter ads that the 15-second and 30-seconds that have been the norm. In August the New York Times reported that Fox Sports was "hoping to make six-second ads an industry standard across broadcasters as consumers in the internet era show less tolerance for frequent, bloated ad breaks during shows." Before running the more brief commercial disruptions, Fox first tested the six-second ad unit on the short-attention-span theater audience during the broadcast of the Teen Choice Awards; six-second ads that teens and tweens are used to seeing on platforms like Snapchat.
Even though this shorter format has been championed by YouTube since 2016, Dave Campanelli from ad-buying firm, Horizon Media, is skeptical about whether a six-second ad unit gives brands enough time to get their message across, especially within the DVR-skipping, distracted population. "With so many different ways to record and fast-forward," he told the NY Times, "or look at your phone during the commercial break and not pay attention, or just change the channel, that's hurt commercial retention and hurt commercial viewership."
Cable subscriptions where TV ads live. Back to cord-cutting. In the first quarter of 2017 UBS reported pay-TV providers could lose more than a million subscribers. "That would be the worst result on record and equate to a 2.5% annual decline," wrote the analyst, John C. Hodulik.
Then the second quarter came around, and it did get worse, as pay-TV lost another 1.28 million subscribers, according to Wells Fargo analyst, Marci Ryvicker. "We estimate this will put the industry on pace for a 3.3% decline in 2017 and 4.0% in 2018."
As content consumers opt out of cable and satellite or bypass them all together, choosing vMPVD providers like Netflix (which has no commercials), Hulu (that offers a premium, commercial-free subscription), and Amazon (that is expected to align their massive product research and buying data set with their "blitz on the ad industry"), legacy players like AT&T are attempting to straddle both worlds.
In early October, Randall Stephenson, AT&T's CEO, touted their vMPVD offering for mobile subscribers, who could stream 45-channels of live TV for only $10 via DirecTV Now. "That's a game changer," he told Vanity Fair. His sights are set on the company's acquisition of Time Warner while also using these type of low-priced subscription model to bring customers back into their TV ecosystem, "and then use advertising to enhance the revenue generation on this, to keep this at a price point where we can do some very interesting things."
This statement to Variety came on the heels of AT&T's quarterly report to regulators, which showed a loss of 90,000 traditional TV subscribers in just three months, which exceeded the number of new DirecTV Now subscriptions but at a lower level of revenue generation for the parent company. AT&T's competitors were also hurting. Charter Communications lost 104,000 TV customers in the third quarter, which Bloomberg stated was almost four times the 28,000 that analysts were expecting. Comcast had their biggest decline in three years with a loss of 125,000 cable-TV customers.
Looking at the MPVD industry as a whole, the Washington Post reported the number of households subscribing to traditional TV services has dropped to the levels of 2000, citing a study by New Street Research.
Adblockers. The use of ad blockers on desktop and mobile combined has hit an all-time high of 615 million devices worldwide, an increase of 30 percent, according to PageFair's annual report. Of the 615M, 62 percent of ad block apps run on mobile, where all content consumption has been headed and continues to increase. And when faced with a website that won't allow access unless adblock is disabled, 74 percent of people bounce.
There are now five industry initiatives "aimed at trying to bring trust and accountability to the supply chain, improve user experiences and keep ad dollars flowing to digital," reported MarTech. This includes Ads.txt, Trustworth Accountability Group (TAG), Coalition for Better Ads, and LEAN Ads. The fifth initiative area is bringing transparency and safety to digital advertising through the use of blockchain technology. One blockchain platform cited in the MarTech piece is adChain by MetaX*, which leverages the Ethereum blockchain to address the massive problem of fraud and lack of transparency in the digital advertising supply chain.
Vetting quality advertising, programmatic ad transparency, and inaccurate reporting. For over year, Facebook has admitted numerous times that its ad metrics reporting has been way off, and it happened again this past September when the company claimed its advertising platform was able to reach a larger U.S. audience segment than actually lived in the country, according to U.S. Census data.
The now infamous speech made by Procter & Gamble's global chief brand officer, Marc Pritchard, during the US IAB conference in January demanded transparency and accuracy in reporting, "We have a media supply chain that is murky at best and fraudulent at worst." Between January and May of 2017, P&G, the largest advertiser, pulled $140 million dollars in digital adverting, and "nothing bad happened."
Brand safety and fake news. Alphabet and Facebook, who own the lion's share of US ad spend at 60 percent and 80-90 percent of ad growth, along with Twitter, had their feet held to the fire this month as Congress grilled them on the part their companies played in Russia's manipulative ads and meddling in the 2016 US election. Each company's responses on the hill left many calling into question whether the social giants will prevent another similar occurrence from happening.
In February of this year, and before we learned this month that Russian's electoral disinformation ad reach was 126 million people on Facebook and 20 million on Instagram (146 million total), brand safety headlines broke across U.S. and international news outlets. The Times first broke the story that "Household names unwittingly pay extremist supporters and pornographers as adverts dumped online." One glaring example was the Mercedes A-Class ad that ran on YouTube next to a pro-Islamic State video which was viewed more than 115,000 times. The result was a boycott of YouTube by several major brands in the US and internationally, from Havas Group agency, Toyota, McDonald's, and HSBC, to AT&T, Pepsico, Verizon, Walmart, and Nestle.
A major voice in the tech world, Salesforce founder and CEO, Marc Benioff, spoke with Yahoo! Finance during their annual Dreamforce conference. Weighing in on Facebook, Google, and Twitter's Congressional testimony, which revealed that the media companies, after all the brand safety issues, STILL don't know how their platforms are really being used and who's using them, Benioff stated, "Well, that's unacceptable. These companies have to take full responsibility for the technology that they've created and to make sure that it's being used in a proper way with the right morals and values that we would expect any corporation to be led by."
The Time of Interruptive, Annoying Marketing is Done
So that was a lot, but it's important to review where things stand today with all the marketing and advertising touch points brands use to reach their target audiences. How those media platforms perform for their advertising clients, and how they can still be used effectively with a heightened level of awareness and insight.
Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and Twitter are and will continue to be viable, powerful, valuable connectors to massive, targeted audience groups, especially as highly effective content distribution channels. The live sports and entertainment industries have reaped huge benefits, as have their fans, through their use and will continue to do so. The caveat is shifting tactics, strategies and approaches to monetization and conversions through advertising.
We're in a time where interruptive marketing is done, Roker stated, emphatically. "Brands need to have permission-based conversations with their customers. Brands know this. Customers know this."
Bringing up ad blockers and specifically the discussion we had on the topic during the Digital Hollywood panel, "That's not new news but it is a growing reality, right?"
Right, and if there's an upside to the upheaval, it is the creation of the new marketing and advertising initiatives, including the Coalition for Better Ads spearheaded by Facebook, Google, P&G, Unilever, IAB, plus other related advertising groups and brands. Google will begin blocking ads and websites on its Chrome browser that do not meet the standards, in 2018. This browser-based ad blocking is already taking place on Apple's iOS and Safari browser. "These changes will give individuals more control over their data and rein in annoying and intrusive advertising," stated Columbia Journalism Review.
Roker recognizes that being the brand to get in between people and their entertainment media consumption can have adverse effects. "Now it's not to say that there aren't innovations in how you can surface brand messaging in content streams and all sorts of ways, and in fact, that's getting ever more sophisticated," he explained.
Roker refers to the ways branded content is being used on Facebook and Instagram, which requires compelling creativity. "That kind of 'brand messaging,' it has to be something the end consumer, i.e. your customer, is going to welcome, going to share, and going to be entertained by it in some way. Or at least informed by it."
This is the major shift taking place in the marketplace, which requires brands to have all the resources needed to create quality, thoughtful content consistently over time; to deliver on their brand promise. "The AEG Studios mission is to be part of that solution specifically around our myriad properties, which are plentiful."
Toyota Music Den x Firefly from AEG Studios on Vimeo.
The Rise of Branded, Consumer-Centric Content & the AEG Studios Model
During the Super Bowl, the brands and their agencies bring out their Sunday best. Every year, people tune in JUST to watch the commercials instead of skipping through them or picking up their smartphone for the 118th time that day. But the rest of the year, TV-watching folks are stuck with some Big Pharma ad and all of its disgusting, scary side effects. Or getting that awful baby-back ribs jingle stuck in our heads.
"Fortunately, that's not the business that we're in," Roker said, laughing . But, "Even the best television advertising is shareable, story-based content."
True. While this didn't come from AEG, I have to call out a stunning example of quality, story-based content in advertising: the new John Lewis commercial, "Moz the Monster." This home run captures the heart in such a lovely, lasting way while featuring a wonderful accompanying song by Elbow, "Golden Slumbers."
A recent piece in Adweek highlighted the rise of brands gravitating more their strategies and budgets towards branded experiences, "Advertisers haven't had to look too far for negative news lately. But as broadcast spending dips and clients question the safety and effectiveness of digital buys, more and more agencies are turning toward a rare bright spot in the ad world: experiential marketing."
When it comes to AEG Studios, they have access to a plethora of content people are willing to pay for in the live entertainment and sports space. Having access to AEG's Global Partnerships arm opens up numerous opportunities to craft sponsored stories that can live evergreen within a variety of platforms, from OTT and social platforms, to sporting team's mobile apps.
"The bottom line is, nothing is off the table in terms of avenues or platforms or content solutions that we might pursue," Roker explains. "The great thing about building [the studio] on top of AEG and on top of Global Partnerships is that Global Partnerships touches every aspect of AEG. I've been given no lane that's off limits.
"We're having LOTS of conversations and we're meeting with all sorts of stakeholders across our various assets looking for opportunities. It's so plentiful, it's just a matter of choosing what makes the most sense for the timing, for the brands that we might involve, and for the [way] content technology is moving. It's a really exciting time to be in this business."
Part of those conversations is messaging the AEG Studios' own model for providing content solutions that make sense for the application, the audience, the property, and the brand.
"It's definitely not a priority for us to create something that isn't a match. I would say, fortunately, the conversations that we've been having, have been pointed in the right direction in terms of our brand partners' openness to get creative. They're not coming to us to do a traditional media buy with traditional ad units in a very, by-the-numbers kind of manner. They're really coming to us with wide, curious questions about interacting and producing content and producing partnerships with our audiences. I think the first thing we do is think about, 'Where are we? Where will this content live? Who does it serve?' We have such a deep understanding of our customer, of our fans, that we're able to apply that to what we're creating for brands. In that regard, we're both serving kind of the same master."
Toyota Music feat. ROZES x Firefly from AEG Studios on Vimeo.
Designing Content Attribution and Distribution Strategies
In terms of knowing the AEG audiences through ticketing data and social data, how does the AEG Studios team tap that information to best discover audiences that the brand doesn't currently have access to, audience affinities and preferences, and then combining it all to build the creative brief for a given content project?
"I can partially answer that and know enough to stay a little in my lane here," Roker states. "There's a lot happening with AEG digital that is constantly evolving and very exciting. In terms of our ability to amplify content and send content on its own customer journey, we absolutely have that ability. Part of what we offer our partners is looking at content as not just 'Production is over, we're done.' It's really about, 'Where does that content live on owned and operated channels, and beyond?'"
Pulling in that digital data and attribution component, combined with remarketing, can play a powerful role in meeting marketing and advertising KPIs. A piece of branded content could be used to pull in fans to watch a concert live stream, giving those remote audiences not attending in person the ability to still enjoy the show. Through geo-targeting, that audience receives a follow-up ad that the tour is coming to their town, giving them the option to click through to AXS.com to purchase a ticket. While AEG Studios stays in the content lane, that powerful arm of AEG digital integrates into the overall project to provide the closed-loop attribution and monetization model.
"The ability for AEG Studios to tap into the distribution and digital expertise of that [digital] team is something that's very exciting and something that we're definitely making use of," Roker states. "These conversations happen on several different levels — digital and distributions, looking at how content can meet our customers where they are, meet our fans where they are — is something that's really interesting that we'll be playing with a lot in the coming year, as well as how it all ties back into on-site activations and other sorts of more traditional partnerships."
One of AEG Studio's on-site activation projects from this last year was the brand partner program, Toyota's Music Den, which took place at AEG festivals, including Firefly and Panorama. Music fans get the opportunity experience up-close-and-personal performance from their favorite bands, participate in a variety fun activities, learn about the Toyota Giving program to support music education, all while getting exposure to the Toyota brand.
Roker's team has been in the business of creating digital content within their own channel ecosystem, including AXS.com, AXS TV, along with the native content being creating around their family of festivals and tentpole events, including Coachella, Stagecoach, Bumbershoot, plus Panorama and Firefly. But when it comes to that content journey as it pertains to their brand, they stay platform agnostic.
"We definitely have partners that have a certain media strategy that we produce for, whether that be Facebook, or Instagram, or Snapchat or thereabouts. There are clearly future conversations that can grow well beyond every platform, every channel, every publisher. Every platform has its place."
I asked about creating content for Snapchat's unique platform that may be more difficult to maneuver than say, Facebook posting and advertising.
"The way I look at Snapchat, there's clearly content that is 'Snapchat first' appropriate. It just builds and works. We utilize a lot of the more ephemeral content in the field for our festivals. We haven't gotten as deep with that with brand partners yet, but I'm sure that will change. We're excited for building solutions that live natively on Snapchat for brands as well.
"Right now we're seeing a lot of innovation like Snapchat with Instagram Stories, and that's sort of again, 'Poof, it's gone' storytelling. Personally, I love to look at things that are going to kind of echo for a minute, that's just kind of different [story] tellers, different stories, deserve different platforms. We try to really be cognizant of that end goal when designing any kind of content solution for our partner. Clearly, our partners are very sophisticated and they have their own sense of where their brand lives and where it makes sense for them. They're not coming to us, virgins in this space. They've already had successes. They've already had social media platforms. They already know what speaks to their audience best. We're ready to rise and meet them in the middle there and start creating that understanding. It's really key, and when I say agnostic, it's that the content should be malleable. It should be able to consider any vessel."
With the growing trend of major brands launching their own in-house agencies, along with consultancies and publishers disrupting the traditional agency model, does this concern Roker's team and AEG Studios' positioning?
He stated that their goal is never to replace the agency-of-record model, "But the dirty little secret today is that there is no one entity or enterprise that has all the answers. It is such a fragmented, changing, morphing arena when it comes to marketing and digital content, which is clearly what makes it exciting and presents all these opportunities."
This also means more companies are entering into the branded content world, and new agencies are popping up as a result. In the way his team stays limber on the platform side, they're also flexible in the working relationship, be it through the AOR or directly with the brand. "If a brand brings us on to work on content, I think the understanding is that we're going to be the best people to tell stories to our fans in their world in our setting; in our arenas and at our venues. That's just something that we feel very confident in."
The Future is Bright for Live Events and Storytelling
Today's consumers, no matter the age or demographic, have more content choices than ever. There will never be enough time in the day or a lifetime to binge it all. With as much face time we're giving our screens, HuffPo reported that "80% of U.S. Millennials are expected to attend a live event each year and spend more than double the per capita average in our country on these events." As the world gets more nuts by the day, and real-life tragedies are even happening at festivals, that's got people wanting more live music experiences, not less. "Perhaps we are gravitating towards live events to instill the sense of community and social connectedness that is difficult to find elsewhere in our modern age," wrote HuffPo contributor, Brett Blumberg.
Because of this, AEG Studios also believes there's still a lot of storytelling territory to cover. A new experience with the artist rising up. A musical icon making a come back. A sport team's Cinderella story to tell. People will always want more. Taking into account their entertainment reach and presence around the globe and in every major city, they're in a unique and powerful pole position to lead the way.
"We don't pride ourselves on reinventing the wheel, but we believe there is a lot of untapped potential in the type of storytelling that brands can do, especially again, in our world; in the AEG world. The best way we do that is by staying in touch with these events.
AEG touches the lives of customers thousands of times a day. This is the best way that we remain vital. It's the best way that we're able to provide this service to our brand partners. We stay ahead of the curve.
Really, it comes down to that understanding and that partnership we already have with our fans. That's our pathway to be successful."
Raymond Roker is speaking this week at FestForums on the panel, "Lights! Camera! Releases! Filming Your Festival" 2.0 on Thursday, November 16, 3:30 – 4:20 PM. Check out all that's in store for FestForums, the conference for live event promoters, organizers, event tech companies, along with marketers and journalists like me,here.
I'll also be moderating one of the TOURTech 15 Summit panels as part of FestForums, "BEEN THERE, DOING THAT," Friday, November 17
10:00 – 10:50 AM, on what it takes to innovate and stay competitive in the continually changing event tech industry.
*Disclosure: MetaX is a client of the Radix Collective agency. Kim Owens of Kaffeine Buzz provides marketing services to Radix through Buzz Boulevard, her marketing agency).
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Q: Subscript out of limit error while using arrays in Pl/SQL The following program accesses arrays in PL/SQL, however when I execute the procedure, it gives me a subscript outside limit error. Why does this happen? I don't see anything wrong with this procedure
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE ANALYSIS
IS
CURSOR EMPLOYEES IS
 SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE;
CURSOR BILLS IS
 SELECT * FROM BILL;
WORKER EMPLOYEE%ROWTYPE;
CASH BILL%ROWTYPE;
TYPE SALARY IS VARRAY(4) OF NUMBER(5);
SALARIES SALARY;

BEGIN
 SALARIES:=SALARY(1,1,1,1);
 SALARIES.EXTEND(4);
 OPEN EMPLOYEES;
 OPEN BILLS;
 LOOP
  FETCH EMPLOYEES INTO WORKER;
  EXIT WHEN EMPLOYEES%NOTFOUND;
  IF WORKER.BRANCHID=1 THEN
   SALARIES(1):=SALARIES(1)+WORKER.SALARY;
  ELSIF WORKER.BRANCHID=2 THEN
   SALARIES(2):=SALARIES(2)+WORKER.SALARY;
  ELSIF WORKER.BRANCHID=3 THEN
   SALARIES(3):=SALARIES(3)+WORKER.SALARY;
  ELSIF WORKER.BRANCHID=4 THEN
   SALARIES(4):=SALARIES(4)+WORKER.SALARY;
  END IF;
 END LOOP;
END;

A: You have created an array SALARY that can have a maximum of 4 elements:
TYPE SALARY IS VARRAY(4) OF NUMBER(5);

Then you have populated with 4 elements:
SALARIES:=SALARY(1,1,1,1);

Then you have tried to extend it by another 4 elements, i.e. to 8 elements:
SALARIES.EXTEND(4);

That is where you get the error:
SQL> DECLARE
  2  TYPE SALARY IS VARRAY(4) OF NUMBER(5);
  3  SALARIES SALARY;
  4  BEGIN
  5   SALARIES:=SALARY(1,1,1,1);
  6   SALARIES.EXTEND(4);
  7  END;
  8  /
DECLARE
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06532: Subscript outside of limit
ORA-06512: at line 6

You don't need the EXTEND line.
NB A couple of other points:

*

*Since you initialise the array values to 1 your totals will end up 1 higher than they should be?

*Why not select BRANCHID, SUM(SALARY) rather than manually adding up in a loop?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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