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IRS Issues Long-Awaited ARPA COBRA Subsidy Guidance
Brian Gilmore
The IRS has issued much-anticipated guidance clarifying certain aspects of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA) COBRA subsidy provisions. The guidance comes on the heels of prior ARPA COBRA subsidy guidance from the DOL that included model notices.
The full guidance is available here:
IRS Notice 2021-31: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-21-31.pdf
DOL Model Notices: https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ebsa/laws-and-regulations/laws/cobra/premium-subsidy
The DOL model ARPA COBRA subsidy notices are now available. This includes the extended election period form due May 31, 2021 to those already enrolled in COBRA and eligible for the subsidy, and those who would be eligible for the subsidy if they had elected and/or maintained COBRA.
The IRS guidance defines "involuntary termination of employment" for purposes of the ARPA COBRA subsidy as "a severance from employment due to the independent exercise of the unilateral authority of the employer to terminate the employment, other than due to the employee's implicit or explicit request, where the employee was willing and able to continue performing services."
Employers may require that employees provide a self-certification or attestation regarding whether they qualify for the COBRA subsidy. Employers can rely on an individual's attestations unless the employer has actual knowledge that the individual's attestation is incorrect.
The premium assistance credit to cover the cost of providing the subsidized COBRA is in most cases claimed by the employer on the quarterly Form 941 employment tax return for both fully insured and self-insured health plans. Employers must retain records to substantiate eligibility for the credit and provide such documentation to the IRS upon request.
The credit for a quarter is the amount equal to the total amount of premiums not paid by the ARPA COBRA subsidy-eligible individuals based on the premium charged for COBRA under the same plan option for the same tier of coverage to individuals not eligible for the subsidy. It also includes the 2% administrative fee (i.e., 102% of the applicable premium). Where the employer subsidizes COBRA, the amount of the premium assistance credit does not include any amount of the subsidy that the employer would have otherwise provided.
ARPA COBRA Subsidy Overview
Included among the many pandemic relief provisions in massive $1.9 trillion ARPA is a COBRA subsidy structure that fully subsidizes COBRA to employees and family members losing group health plan coverage due to an involuntary termination of employment or a reduction in hours. The subsidy period begins April 1, 2021 and runs through September 30, 2021.
Employees and other qualified beneficiaries who experience a COBRA qualifying event caused by an involuntary termination of employment (i.e., not including a voluntary termination of employment) or reduction in hours are eligible for the subsidies provided they elect COBRA coverage for some or all of the period from April 1, 2021 through September 30, 2021.
The full ARPA subsidy leaves no balance payable by the employee or other qualified beneficiary. In other words, the applicable COBRA premium is $0. The ARPA COBRA subsidies apply to all group health plan benefits subject to COBRA, other than the health FSA.
For full details, see our prior alert: Full COBRA Subsidies Pass Congress.
Previous DOL Guidance and Model Notices
The DOL previously issued model notices for employers and COBRA administrators.
The DOL guidance is available here: https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ebsa/laws-and-regulations/laws/cobra/premium-subsidy
While the DOL FAQ guidance largely deferred the most pertinent outstanding questions to the newly released IRS guidance, it did provide a helpful outline of the COBRA subsidy notice distribution requirements.
They apply as follows:
Model ARPA General Notice and COBRA Continuation Coverage Election Notice
This notice is for use by group health plans for any COBRA qualified beneficiaries who have qualifying events occurring from April 1, 2021 through September 30, 2021. That includes all qualifying events—regardless of whether the COBRA subsidy will apply.
The notice must also include the separate Summary of COBRA Premium Assistance Provisions under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 form. This document informs employees of the COBRA subsidy eligibility rules, and it directs qualified beneficiaries to request they be treated as eligible for the subsidy by confirming whether they qualify.
The plan must provide both the notice and the additional summary document under the standard COBRA timeframes, which requires the plan to provide the COBRA election notice to individuals who experience a COBRA qualifying event within 44 days from the loss of coverage. These rules generally provide 30 days for the employer to provide notice to the plan administrator, and 14 days for the plan administrator to provide the election notice to the qualified beneficiary, which the DOL generally enforces as a combined 44-day limit.
Failure to timely provide the COBRA notice could result in excise tax penalties of $100 for each day late, or $200 per day if there is more than one qualified beneficiary for that qualifying event.
For more details, see our post: Failure to Timely Provide the COBRA Election Notice.
Important Note: The Outbreak Period does not extend the deadlines for ARPA notices/elections.
Model COBRA Continuation Coverage Notice in Connection with Extended Election Periods
This notice is for use by group health plans for qualified beneficiaries who:
Are currently enrolled in COBRA and eligible for subsidies (i.e., their loss of coverage was caused by a reduction in hours or involuntary termination of employment); and
Would be eligible for COBRA subsidies if they had elected and/or maintained COBRA (i.e., individuals who had previously not elected COBRA coverage, or who dropped COBRA coverage, but are still within the 18-month maximum coverage period).
The additional election period does not extend the (in most cases) 18-month maximum coverage period, so the notice will generally apply for applicable COBRA qualifying events on or after October 2019. Individuals can begin their coverage prospectively from the date of their election, or, if an individual has a qualifying event on or before April 1st, choose to start their coverage as of April 1—even if the individual receive an election notice and makes the COBRA election at a later date.
The plan must provide both the notice and the additional summary document by May 31, 2021 to all those who qualify. Individuals will use the summary document to request the subsidy. Those who are not currently enrolled in COBRA will also use the election form included with the notice to enroll in COBRA. These individuals have 60 days from the date of receiving notice of this extended election period to make the COBRA election and return the summary document requesting the subsidy.
Important Note: The Outbreak Period does not extend the deadline for ARPA notices/elections.
Notice of Expiration of Period of Premium Assistance
This notice is for use by group health plans to provide to individuals who are losing their ARPA COBRA subsidies.
The COBRA subsidy period can last from April 1, 2021 through September 30, 2021. However, it will end earlier if:
The individual becomes eligible for another major medical group health plan or Medicare; or
The individual reaches the end of the COBRA maximum coverage period (generally 18 months).
This notice is for use upon the end of the COBRA subsidy period or, if earlier, the end of the individual's maximum coverage period. It is not applicable where the individual loses the subsidy as a result of eligibility for other major medical group health plan coverage or Medicare.
The plan must provide the notice 15 – 45 days before the individual's premium assistance expires. For those receiving the COBRA subsidy through the end of September, that requires distribution between August 16 and September 15.
New IRS COBRA ARPA Subsidy Guidance
The new IRS guidance addresses a multitude of key topics that have been at the forefront of employers' concern since ARPA's passage in early March.
The new IRS guidance is available here: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-21-31.pdf
Most of guidance is in Q/A format, spanning an impressive 86 questions and answers over 41 pages! Suffice to say, the guidance is very comprehensive. The following is a high-level overview of some of the key takeaways from each section of the notice.
Eligibility for COBRA Premium Assistance (Q/A-1 – Q/A-20, Pages 6-13)
Employers may require that employees provide a self-certification or attestation regarding whether they qualify for the COBRA subsidy. That means the burden of determining whether the employee lost coverage as the result of a reduction of hours or involuntary termination of employment can be placed on the employee. This structure is already built into the Summary of COBRA Premium Assistance Provisions under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 model form put out by the DOL.
The self-certification or attestation can also be relied upon by employers for purposes of determining whether the individual is eligible for other group health plan coverage or Medicare, would make the individual ineligible for the subsidies.
For purposes of receiving the tax credit to cover the employer's cost of providing the subsidized COBRA, employers can rely on the individual's attestations unless the employer has actual knowledge that the individual's attestation is incorrect.
Employers relying on the attestation must keep a record of the individual's attestation regarding eligibility for the subsidy. Employers can also rely on other evidence, such as records concerning a reduction in hours or involuntary termination of employment.
Any qualifying event other than a reduction in hours or involuntary termination of employment does not qualify for the subsidy. For example, qualifying events triggered by divorce, a child aging out, or death are not subsidy-eligible.
Individuals who are not a COBRA qualified beneficiary cannot be eligible for the COBRA subsidy. Domestic partners therefore do not qualify for the subsidy because they do not qualify as a spouse, and therefore are not a qualified beneficiary. See our prior post for more details: COBRA for Domestic Partners.
Reduction in Hours (Q/A-21 – Q/A-23, Pages 13-14)
A COBRA qualifying event triggered by a reduction in hours is subsidy-eligible regardless of whether the reduction in hours was voluntary or involuntary. The involuntary requirement applies only to loss of coverage caused by termination of employment.
COBRA subsidies are available where the reduction in hours triggering event for the loss of coverage was a furlough.
Involuntary Termination of Employment (Q/A-24 – Q/A-34, Pages 14-17)
The guidance defines "involuntary termination of employment" for purposes of the ARPA COBRA subsidy as "a severance from employment due to the independent exercise of the unilateral authority of the employer to terminate the employment, other than due to the employee's implicit or explicit request, where the employee was willing and able to continue performing services."
An employee-initiated termination of employment is an involuntary termination of employment if the employee terminated for good reason due to employer action that resulted in a material negative change in the employment relationship for the employee.
Retirement is generally not an involuntary termination of employment. However, if the employee had knowledge that the employer would have terminated the employee absent the retirement, and the employee was willing and able to continue employment, the retirement is an involuntary termination of employment.
Resignation as the result of a material change in the geographic location of employment for the employee is an involuntary termination.
An employee's termination of employment due to general concerns about workplace safety (e.g., concerns about exposure to Covid-19 because of the employee's or family member's health condition) is not an involuntary termination of employment. However, the termination of employment is involuntary if the employee can demonstrate that the employer's actions or inactions resulted in a material change in the employment relationship.
An employee's termination of employment because a child is unable to attend school or access childcare due to Covid-19 is not an involuntary termination of employment. Note, however, that a voluntary reduction in hours to address childcare that causes the reduction of hours would be a subsidy-eligible qualifying event.
An employee-initiated termination of employment in response to an involuntary material reduction in hours is an involuntary termination of employment.
An employer's decision not to renew an employee's contract is an involuntary termination of employment where the employee was otherwise willing and able to continue working under a similar new contract or without a contract. However, if the parties understood at the time they entered into the contract (and at all points during the course of the contract) that the contract would not be renewed, the completion of the contract without it being renewed is not an involuntary termination of employment.
Coverage Eligible for COBRA Premium Assistance (Q/A-35 – Q/A-42, Pages 17-20)
The ARPA COBRA subsidies are available for all group health plan coverage other than a health FSA.
This means vision, dental, and HRA coverage are all subject to the subsidy. Although not addressed in the guidance, this would also include other group health plan benefits such as an EAP.
If an employer no longer offers the health plan that previously covered the subsidy-eligible individual, the individual must be offered the opportunity to elect the plan that a similarly situated active employee would have been offered that is most similar to the previous plan that covered the individual.
Beginning of the COBRA Premium Assistance Period (Q/A-43 – Q/A-46, Pages 20-22)
Individuals eligible for the ARPA COBRA subsidy under the extended election period (i.e., those who previously declined or dropped COBRA, but are still within the 18-month maximum coverage period) may waive COBRA continuation coverage for any period before electing to receive COBRA subsidies, including retroactive periods of coverage beginning prior to April 1, 2021.
End of the COBRA Premium Assistance Period (Q/A-47 – Q/A-50, Pages 22-23)
Individuals will lose the ARPA COBRA subsidy as of the earliest of 1) the date the individual becomes eligible for other group medical coverage or Medicare, 2) the date the individual loses eligibility for COBRA, or 3) the end of the last period of coverage beginning on or before September 30, 2021.
After the end of September, COBRA continues automatically and the standard 30-day grace period to make timely payment will apply, subject to the Outbreak Period
An individual who fails to provide notice of loss of eligibility for the ARPA COBRA subsidy (e.g., because of eligibility for another employer group health plan), may be subject to a federal tax penalty of $250. The penalty will not apply if the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect. If the failure is fraudulent, the penalty will be the greater of $250 or 110% of the subsidy received.
Extended Election Period (Q/A-51 – Q/A-55, Pages 23-25)
The spouse and dependents of subsidy-eligible employees who elected self-only COBRA before April 1, 2021 may elect to enroll in subsidized COBRA under the extended election period described in more detail above.
Subsidy-eligible individuals who previously elected only certain lines of COBRA coverage available to them have the right to enroll in the other lines as part of the extended election period. For example, an employee who elected COBRA only for dental or vision coverage can elect to enroll in medical coverage as part of the extended election period.
Extensions Under the Emergency Relief Notices (Q/A-56 – Q/A-59, Pages 25-27)
The Outbreak Period extensions do not apply to the employer's May 31, 2021 deadline to provide the extended election period notice or the subsidy-eligible individual's 60-day election period upon receiving the extended election period notice.
If a subsidy-eligible individual elects COBRA retroactive to a period before April 1, 2021, the employer may require the individual to pay the premiums for that period of COBRA coverage prior to the subsidy taking effect. Such pre-4/1/21 COBRA coverage payments would remain subject to the standard Outbreak Period extension rules.
Comparable State Continuation Coverage (Q/A-61 – Q/A-62, Pages 25-26)
State mini-COBRA programs such as Cal-COBRA that provide coverage comparable to federal COBRA are subject to the ARPA COBRA subsidy.
Mini-COBRA programs that offer a different maximum coverage period (e.g., 36 months for Cal-COBRA), qualifying events, qualified beneficiaries, or maximum premiums do not fail to be comparable coverage because of those differences.
The extended election period is not available for state mini-COBRA programs unless the state law or program provides for a similar extended election right. (Q/A-52)
The employer is not eligible to take the premium assistance tax credit directly even if it pays the full premium to the insurer in a mini-COBRA arrangement. The insurance carrier receives the credit.
Calculation of COBRA Premium Assistance Credit (Q/A-63 – Q/A-70, Pages 28-33)
The credit for a quarter is the amount equal to the total amount of premiums not paid by the ARPA COBRA subsidy-eligible individuals receiving the ARPA COBRA subsidy in that quarter. This is based on the premium charged for COBRA under the same plan option for the same tier of coverage to individuals not eligible for the subsidy. It also includes the 2% administrative fee (i.e., 102% of the applicable premium).
Where the employer subsidizes COBRA, the amount of the premium assistance credit does not include any amount of the subsidy that the employer would have otherwise provided. For example, if the employer subsidizes $800 of a $1,000 COBRA premium for three months during the ARPA COBRA subsidy period as a severance benefit, the credit is available to the employer is $200 for each of those three months. The employer is eligible for the full credit ($1,000/month) for any subsequent months in which the employee receives the full ARPA COBRA subsidy.
There is no credit available for any months in which the employer fully subsidizes the COBRA premium as part of a severance benefit (or otherwise). The employer is eligible for the full credit for any months after the employer subsidy ends in which the employee receives the ARPA COBRA subsidy.
Separate taxable severance benefits do not affect the credit. Employers sponsoring a self-insured health plan frequently provide assistance in the form of standard taxable compensation intended to cover all or a portion of the cost of COBRA (rather than a direct COBRA subsidy) to avoid §105(h) nondiscrimination issues. For more details, see our prior post: Employer COBRA Subsidies and Reimbursement.
For an ICHRA, the credit is limited to 102% of the amount actually reimbursed with respect to an ARPA COBRA subsidy-eligible individual. For more details on the challenges presented by COBRA's application to ICHRAs, see our 2021 ABD ICHRA for Employers Guide.
Claiming the COBRA Premium Assistance Credit (Q/A-71 – Q/A-86, Pages 33-40)
The premium assistance credit is claimed by the "premium payee". In general, the employer maintaining the plan claims the credit as the premium payee for both fully insured and self-insured health plans.
The main exception is the insurance carrier will claim the credit as the premium payee for a fully insured group health plan where the employer is not subject to federal COBRA, and the plan is subject to state mini-COBRA (such as Cal-COBRA). This exception would apply where the employer employed fewer than 20 employees (including fractional part-time employees) on at least 50% of its typical business days in the preceding calendar year. For more details, see our prior post: The COBRA Small Employer Exception.
For multiemployer plans, the plan itself claims the credit as the premium payee.
As of the date the employer receives the ARPA subsidy-eligible individual's COBRA election, the employer becomes entitled to the premium assistance credit for premiums not paid by the individual that began before that date and each subsequent period of coverage (typically a month) that the individual does not pay the premium by reason of the ARPA subsidy.
The employer claims the premium assistance credit by reporting the credit and the number of individuals receiving the subsidy on the designated lines of the quarterly Form 941 employment tax return.
Employers may request an advance of the amount of the anticipated credit that exceeds the federal employment tax (the FICA payroll tax) deposits available by filing Form 7200. The Form 7200 may be filed after the end of the payroll period in which the employer became entitled to the credit. Deposits may not be reduced, and advances may not be requested, for a credit for a period of coverage that had not begun.
If individuals fail to provide notice that they are no longer eligible for COBRA premium assistance due to eligibility for other disqualifying group health plan coverage or Medicare, the employer is still entitled to the credit received for that period of ineligibility unless the employer knew of the individual's eligibility for the other coverage. An employer that learns of an individual's eligibility for other coverage is not entitled to the credit from that point forward.
The premium assistance credit is gross income to the employer. The employer's gross income is increased by the amount of the credit for the taxable year which includes the last day of any quarter with respect to which the credit is allowed.
Employers must retain records to substantiate eligibility for the credit and provide such documentation to the IRS upon request. This includes documentation that the individuals were eligible for the ARPA COBRA subsidy, such as the Summary of COBRA Premium Assistance Provisions under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 form describe above that is completed by the individual. Employers will be liable for employment taxes that are due as a result of any improper claim of the credit.
It may be a bit on the late side, but it's certainly not too little. In fact, you would be hard-pressed to find any more comprehensive piece of employee benefits-related guidance in the Covid era than this new IRS APRA COBRA subsidy guidance.
The notice's length combined with its question-and-answer format does not easily lend itself to reading all the way through in one sitting. However, the format will be very useful at addressing specific issues as they arise. The key takeaway is that for virtually any APRA COBRA subsidy issue under the sun, there will now be a go-to resource with a high likelihood that there is a specific FAQ directly addressing the situation.
In other words, rather than attempting to drink from the firehose, most employers are probably best advised to think of the notice as the IRS-approved reference materials to browse for any questions that may arise in the ARPA COBRA subsidy period.
Perhaps the only unanswered question remains—will it be extended? The ARRA COBRA subsides from 2009-2010 were eventually extended to 15 months, albeit at a lower 65% subsidy rate. With any luck, our emergence from the depths of the pandemic will continue at the current trajectory to make any such ARPA COBRA subsidy extension unwarranted.
Disclaimer: The intent of this analysis is to provide the recipient with general information regarding the status of, and/or potential concerns related to, the recipient's current employee benefits issues. This analysis does not necessarily fully address the recipient's specific issue, and it should not be construed as, nor is it intended to provide, legal advice. Furthermore, this message does not establish an attorney-client relationship. Questions regarding specific issues should be addressed to the person(s) who provide legal advice to the recipient regarding employee benefits issues (e.g., the recipient's general counsel or an attorney hired by the recipient who specializes in employee benefits law).
Brian Gilmore is the Lead Benefits Counsel at ABD. He assists clients on a wide variety of employee benefits compliance issues. The primary areas of his practice include ERISA, ACA, COBRA, HIPAA, Section 125 Cafeteria Plans, and 401(k) plans. Brian also presents regularly at trade events and in webinars on current hot topics in employee benefits law.


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Kids look to master Drive, Putt and Chip competition | VIDEO
Bob Buttitta
JOE LUMAYA/SPECIAL TO THE STAR Isabella Gunasayan, 10, of San Luis Obispo, places her ball on a tee as she gets ready to hit a drive during the Drive, Chip and Putt competition at Wood Ranch Golf Club in Simi Valley on Monday. (Photo: joe lumaya)
JOE LUMAYA/SPECIAL TO THE STAR Charissa Shang, of Calabasas, practices her drives as she gets ready to compete in the Drive, Chip and Putt competition at Wood Ranch Golf Club in Simi Valley on Monday. (Photo: joe lumaya)
JOE LUMAYA/SPECIAL TO THE STAR Wood Ranch Golf Club in Simi Valley hosted a Southern California qualifier Monday for the Drive, Chip and Putt competition. (Photo: joe lumaya)
JOE LUMAYA/SPECIAL TO THE STAR Gabrielle Schrieber, 10, of Simi Valley, lines up her putt as she competes in the Drive, Chip and Putt competition at Wood Ranch Golf Club in Simi Valley on Monday. (Photo: joe lumaya)
Until a few years ago the closest a junior golfer could get to striking a putt on Augusta National's famed greens was to imagine doing it on a practice green.
In 2013, a joint initiative founded by the Masters Tournament, United States Golf Association and The PGA of America, created the Drive, Chip and Putt Championship, a nationwide junior golf development competition.
Open to girls and boys ages 7-15, the Drive, Chip and Putt Championship provides aspiring junior golfers an opportunity to play with their peers in qualifiers around the country. The top three finishers in each of the four age divisions advance through the local, subregional and regional qualifiers with the finals being played at Augusta National on the Sunday before the Masters.
On Monday, close to 200 young golfers converged on Wood Ranch Golf Club in Simi Valley to take part in the second of the 12 local qualifiers to be held throughout Southern California in the next month.
Ventura resident Chad Anderson had three of his children — Adeline, Adam and Brandon — competing in Monday's event.
Anderson, who has a single-digit handicap, said he likes how the format emphasizes the three phases of the game.
'We went out two or three times and had a practice session,' Anderson said. 'As a parent you know what's at stake, so as a parent watching it's nerve-wracking. Last year, he (Adam) had one bad putt and it cost him a chance to advance.
'I wish I could get out there and help them but that's the beauty of it — they have to go out there and do it themselves. They all watch the Masters so they know if they make it to the finals they get to go to Augusta.'
Adam, who competed in the 10-11 division, just missed advancing last year, but was excited about getting another chance to compete.
'I think I have to score at least 60 on the putting (he scored 52), but chipping is where you win it,' Adam said. 'It's hard not to think about going to Augusta. But the good thing about me is that I play better under pressure.'
Adeline was the first of the Anderson siblings to compete. Despite it being her first competition, she came through in a big way. Playing in the girls 14-15 Division, she finished second with 76 points to earn a spot in the next round.
'I was a little nervous doing the putting because it was the first event,' Adeline said. 'It was fun. Even though I have never done this before, I felt good about my chances. I am excited about advancing. I am going to practice putting a lot before the next round.'
Simi Valley resident Gabrielle Schrieber was also taking part in the event for the first time, competing in the girls 10-11 division. Schrieber, a student of Rustic Canyon teaching pro Dan Martin, has been playing golf since she was 3, but this was her first competition.
She was watching golf on TV with her father John and saw an ad for the competition.
'He asked if I wanted to sign up, and I said yes,' Gabrielle said. 'I'm not nervous about any event, but the one at the bottom of my list is chipping. I am excited to give it try.'
John Schrieber said each time they go to the course they practice all three aspects of the competition.
'It will be fun to see how she does under the pressure of competing,' he said. 'I told her to go out and have fun. I got her into the game because it's a sport we can play together forever.'
Thousand Oaks residents Matthew and Mitzi Ward brought their daughters Lotus and Layla to compete in the girls 6-7 division. The family is members at Wood Ranch and both girls take lessons from the club's head teaching professional, Alison Curdt.
'This competition is a good motivator for them,' Matthew Ward said. 'It's great because they get to see and be around other kids who also play. We want them to enjoy it.
Layla finished third with 49 to advance to the next round. After they were done, the family went out to celebrate by getting ice cream.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Add Energy, contracted by Carnarvon Hibiscus Pty Ltd (CHPL) to provide complete Well Management Services for the Sea Lion-1 campaign, successfully completed the task with zero accidents or incidents on 16 November 2015.
Sea Lion-1, located in the offshore Gippsland Basin permit VIC/P57, reached a total depth of 1672m after drilling operations commenced 26 October, 2015. The well was drilled by Seadrill's jack-up rig West Telesto.
Significant challenges were faced by Add Energy, including rapid mobilisation after last minute client restructuring, short deadlines to establish onshore support services and shore base, and then an extended weather delay. Despite these issue the Well Management team delivered the well on time and ahead of budget without any accidents or incidents involving any of our personnel or contractors. By drawing on our global experience, add energy delivered increased value to CHPL's Phase One Sea Lion-1 Project through effective safety and performance measurements.


Students seeking admission in B.Com in Delhi University in the forthcoming year, listen up! You'll have to give an entrance exam for admission! Yes it's true.
Up till now an entrance test was held only for Post Graduation (PG) and professional courses, but admissions to undergraduate courses were made on the basis of Class XII marks.
But in the coming DU admissions, aspiring B.Com students will have to give an exam for entrance!
DU is also assessing its potential like how to strengthen infrastructure for online admissions and preparations of entrance tests, with emphasis on evolving a "student friendly" admission system.
So even though your Class XII marks still matter a lot, however the entrance exam will add another element to it!


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This page includes details to help educators increase their own religious literacy. For quick resources to help students/children increase their religious literacy, please click here.
In-person workshops and seminars for teachers' pedagogical needs:
The Canadian Centre for Diversity & Inclusion's See Different Program – offered a "Navigating Religious Diversity in the Classroom" Workshop in November 2016. The next session is TBA.
Encounter World Religions Centre – offers a weeklong exploration of 11 world religions
Summer Institute at Interfaith Centre New York – offers an annual summer institute for American teachers
I also encourage you to search for emerging religious literacy programs for educators in your local communities (such as the one coordinated by Chris Murray in Maryland in June 2016).
Online resources for teachers' pedagogical needs:
Guidelines for Teaching About Religion in K-12 Public Schools in the United States, with "four main sections that address: 1) Why teaching about religion is important; 2) The distinction between a devotional approach to religion and a non-devotional religious studies approach appropriate for public schools; 3) How to teach about religion with a variety of approaches, pedagogical strategies, and "snapshots" of classroom practices across the K–12 spectrum; and 4) The content and skill competencies required for teachers to teach about religion in intellectually sound ways."
California 3Rs project
The Newseum Institute's Religious Freedom Center
10 Tips on how to teach about the world religions in schools, by Linda K. Wertheimer
Understanding humanism – Lesson plans and resources: many scholars studying religion and education (such as Robert Jackson and Siebren Miedema), including myself, assert the need to include additional worldviews in religious education courses as we believe that the purpose of religious education courses in secular societies today is to foster citizenship education, respect, and understanding. This rich resource offers information on how to understand religiously unaffiliated worldviews.
Four Directions Teachings: a resource that introduces the First Nation beliefs and cultures of the Blackfoot, Cree, Ojibwe, Mohawk, and Mi'kmaq peoples of Canada
Books for teachers' pedagogical needs:
Faith Ed.: Teaching about religion in an age of intolerance (Wertheimer, 2015) is a rich resource that discusses how religion and religious identities have been received in American public schools. It shares experiences of teachers across the US, presents case studies to help teachers understand what to expect and how to respond, and offers a teacher's guide for professional development.
Religious literacy: What every American needs to know and doesn't (Prothero, 2008) discusses the state of religious literacy in America and why it is important to teach students religious literacy today. The book includes an 84-page dictionary that offers glossary-like descriptions of various religious beliefs, individuals, sects, etc.
In addition to these resources, I have compiled a document titled "Tips for creating a religiously inclusive classroom" that can be downloaded here. The tips include:
Schwartz and Pollishuke's (2013) tips for teachers, from Creating the Dynamic Classroom: A handbook for teachers, Second Edition;
Five different approaches to teaching religious literacy from various resources by Robert Jackson and Diane L. Moore;
How to respond to conflict, with four recommendations from Steve Wessler; and
Five tips for educators from Khyati Joshi from her article Because I had a Turban (2007). These tips are listed below for quick reference.
Joshi's (2007) five tips for educators:
Know your own students. There are a lot of religions in the world. Start with the ones present in your classroom.
Learn our ABCDs. We don't need to be theologians, but we can at least learn the:
a. Architecture: Know what the house of worship is called, like mandir (Hindu), masjid or mosque (Muslim), and gurdwara (Sikh).
b. Books: Know the name(s) of the religion's holy text(s).
c. Cities: Know the names and locations of the religion's holiest cities, like Amritsar (Sikhism), Mecca and Medina (Islam), and Varanasi/Benares (Hinduism).
d. Days: Know the names and meanings of the religion's major holidays, like Diwali and Holi (Hinduism), Ramadan and Eid ul' Fitr (Islam), and Vaisaki (Sikhism).
Recognize religion as part of students' social identities. Understand how this makes religion especially salient for some students, and how the family's religion may be important even to students who don't see themselves as "religious."
Avoid the urge to "Christianize" religions and holidays. e.g., saying "Ramadan is like Lent" or "Janmastami is like Christmas."
Include religion in our curricula whenever it's appropriate. Discuss how different religions deal with the concept at hand.
In a class that teaches religious literacy today, it is almost impossible to avoid the discussion of religious extremism. Here are some published resources to support you in those discussions:
http://www.peace-ed-campaign.org/unesco-launches-teachers-guide-prevention-violent-extremism/
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002446/244676e.pdf
Lastly, Abdou and I encourage a teaching of religious literacy that informs students about the cultural influences and exchanges that existed between belief systems throughout history. In doing so, students can foster an understanding and respect for different worldviews. To obtain a free copy of the article, please click: http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/UGdjjtyAzUuqiUYV9t4C/full. The first 50 views from this link are free.
(To reference the image, please refer to: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15210960.2016.1263961)
Quick resources that can be shared with students:
Influential role of religion in social, economic, and culture spheres throughout history:
A video that shows the movement of religions and historical influence they have over numerous geographical contexts over time: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2512088/Watch-major-religions-conquered-entire-world-5-000-years–90-seconds.html
PBS Learning Media that shows you the geographical presence of religions today: https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/sj14-soc-religmap/world-religions-map/
The diversity within and across religions and religiously unaffiliated beliefs:
TrueTube, videos that showcase the diversity within and across beliefs visually. Often presented from a student's perspective
Videos to help students understand the diversity that exists within religions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-YQXRrNo70&t=74s, https://www.facebook.com/MvslimInspires/videos/1171243186278954 (Alternatively, there is a quiz that students can take to test their understanding about the use of the veil or headscarf – http://veil.unc.edu/resources/quiz/ – which stems from a project at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill).
National Geographic Education offers lesson plans and videos on religions here: http://www.nationalgeographic.org/lesson/?q=religion&per_page=25
British Humanist Association sharing a video on "What is a humanist ceremony?" This is an important video to share in order to ensure your world religions class and religious literacy discussion is inclusive and teaches about other beliefs and worldviews apart from religious ones in society: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wzTXicmkrQ4
First Nations Spirituality: Understanding perspectives on smudging https://www.nfb.ca/film/smudge/
The importance of sharing minority views: Sample videos to show that can discuss this include https://www.nfb.ca/film/invisible_nation/trailer/invisible-nation-trailer/
Science and religion:
Actress Miyam Bialik discusses the possibility for scientific individuals to also be religious individuals here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZh1MrDHLoY
Interfaith dialogue:
A video illustrating interfaith cooperation between an imam and a priest after a Muslim terrorist attack: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFh85K4NFv0
Media literacy and religious literacy:
A short interview to outline the difference between religion, culture, and politics, and the importance of equipping students with religious literacy alongside media literacy: http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2017/02/17/talking-policy-leila-ahmed-being-muslim-america
Religious extremism:
Extreme Dialogue offers testimonial videos from individuals who were previously an extremist and lesson plans on how to discuss it in class.


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Questa è una lista di tutti i libri pubblicati della serie Beast Quest di Working Partners Limited. Tutti i libri sono stati scritti con lo pseudonimo collettivo "Adam Blade", e i nomi dei ghostwriter sono elencati dove sono noti.

Beast Quest

Special Bumper Editions

The Chronicles of Avantia series
The Chronicles of Avantia series is a set of four books that take place several hundred years before the events in Beast Quest.

Battle of the Beasts series
In the Battle of the Beasts series, the main protagonist, Tom, starts a training camp where he invites some people who have performed heroic acts to help protect Avantia from evil. Each book has a different hero who uses a different beast to defeat a controlled beast.

Sea Quest series
The Sea Quest series is a companion science fiction series that has a new protagonist who battles robotic creatures.

Sea Quest Specials

Master Your Destiny series
The Master Your Destiny series is a series that lets you choose your own path, by turning to pages that decide a decision. Each book has ten different endings, eight of which are bad endings and two of which are the main endings. All three were written by the ghostwriter, Elizabeth Galloway.

Companion books

Team Hero series

Team Hero Specials

Liste di letteratura

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: can we connect iPad2 and iTouch using Gamekit? I have this doubt, can we connect iPad2 and iTouch using Gamekit ? I tried Apples GKTank example along with several others available tutorials regarding the same. But I did not have successful connection between them. Anyone knows why this happened ?

A: Yes you can.  There should be no difference between connecting an iPad to an iPod or an iPhone to an iPhone.  Are you making sure that both devices have bluetooth turned on or both are on the same wi-fi network?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Holiday greetings from the old hometown! Lexington's halls are decked with boughs of holly, wreaths, and a multitude of lights. We kicked off the season Dec. 1 with the second annual Festival of Lights Parade. I'm thrilled to report that the 50s Gang (Coens, Hulvers, Scharnhorsts and Worthingtons) float "Home For the Holidays" won third prize, thereby beating out the floats of small children, church groups, Scouts and other unworthies. Nevertheless, everyone had a wonderful time. Weather was cold but clear and calm.
Although I am not anxious to meet up with another bite of turkey for a while, I am still very grateful for my blessings. I know you are too. Your notes reflect it. And I hope the remainder of your holidays are especially blessed this year.
May your day be filled with good company, good food, and a renewed appreciation for all the blessings you have. I know that I have much for which to be grateful, and that includes the many friends that I enjoy. And, I do thank you for your friendship, and the warm correspondence that I look forward to in here. It means a lot to me.
Thanks also to the computer, I have renewed contact with people that I've known almost all my life, and that keeps me reminded me of the value of 'old friendships'. I treasure the happy childhood that I had, and the values that I hang onto stubbornly because of what I learned there. It is worth even being 'old' to have experienced what I have in life, and I wouldn't trade that for 'youth'. I may change my mind on that as the years wear on, but I doubt it. LOL. I have been lucky indeed, and it is my interaction with people that has made that so.
May God bless you and yours, and God bless America.
Diane Gibson Conger wrote that one of her blessing this year is TLC. I'm so glad to do this for those of you who are reattaching and reacquainting with old friends. I myself am chatting via email with people I've been out of contact with since graduation. Hope you are too. - Ed.
What's new in the old hometown? Well, let me tell you we had some excitement last week when a house traveled across Main from 10th Street to its new location at 12th and Franklin!
Local attorney/mover&shaker Bob Langdon purchased the Eneberg House at 157 N. 10th. The house, sometimes referred to as the Walton (no, not that one) House was built in 1868. Greek Revival in style, it is thought to be the oldest frame house surviving in town. Bob moved it to its new location (Dr. Wilcoxin, the vet, once had an office in the building which was removed) because it is directly across from the location of our new movie theatre-to-be. He plans to have a retail establishment of some kind, and there has been talk of an ice cream parlor.
Now I quote from the local newspaper: "The property, although somewhat inconspicuous today, saw a great deal of traffic in Lexington's former days. It sat on 10th Street, which was a main thoroughfare from Main Street to the once-busy riverfront." And if that doesn't elicit a chuckle, then you're not really from Lexington.
Maib's Restaurant was a real institution in our town. On Sunday it was our family tradition to walk down the street from the First Baptist Church to eat at Maib's. When we walked in we could smell the wonderful food odors and hear the clanking of the dishes and the mumble of people conversing and see the waitresses hustling about serving delicious food. It was always packed with people who were regular Sunday diners and a few other guests. We stopped by some tables and had brief conversations with our friends and waved and greeted others as we made our way to our table. Maib's back room was available to accommodate showers, rehearsal dinners, family gatherings, meetings etc. It was a focal point for our community. You have lovely restaurants and tea rooms in Lexington, but somehow my heart yearns to return for another meal at Maib's.
Ah, me too! Lots of wonderful memories of Maib's! - Ed.
that I seem to have. Lucky me.
My senior year, the Thespians did "The Diary of Anne Frank" and two things happened in that performance I don't remember ever seeing in an LHS play. Now, I could be wrong, because I can't remember every single play over six years. The first was that we, the cast, did not fluff or forget one single line of dialogue. The second was that we received a standing ovation. We practiced and rehearsed for what seems like months. Many of the rehearsals to learn the lines were held at Mrs. Seiter's house, where we were made to feel totally at home. I remember finding a bottle of Mogen David wine in a cupboard and almost being allowed to have a sip. As an English Lit. teacher, Mrs. Seiter had a way to make reading things like Shakespeare appealing to 17-year-old boys. I don't know how she did it, but she did.
I wish I had her knack, because teaching today is totally different from those days. Classroom discipline is virtually non-existent and most substitutes I know enter each classroom with fear. In the older grades, that is fear of physical harm. Nice kids being raised these days!
If only I had Miss Lena as a companion in some of these classes!
To my chagrin, two days after sending (a tongue-in-cheek) email, there was an anthrax scare in Reno that turned out to be false, but did frighten a lot of people. I don't make light of the situation anymore.
angry at people who still seem to have the "it can't happen here" syndrome.
It HAS happened here. And, it will probably happen again.
visitors and doesn't let them whisk on by without stopping.
traffic at both Central and Arnold schools, but I think somehow he did.
arrived addressed to me with the return address "Mrs. John Hopkins," a fictitious name if I ever heard one! I had not ordered anything, was not expecting anything, and so I called our local police asking what to do. They sent two HazMat people to the house, who examined the package with special gloves. Then they called Boca Raton to inquire about this Mrs. John Hopkins. Imagine her surprise when Diane Harris Hopkins received a call from the Lexington, Missouri, police department. Turned out she sent me some old clippings and photos for the Historical Museum. My face is still red.
Great newsletter as always. I feel so sad about Gordon Reed. He gave me my first job (which was above and beyond the call of duty)! When I walked into the store to apply, I immediately knocked over a mannequin and, trying to catch same, demolished an entire table full of sweaters, etc and broke the arm off the poor soul trying to stand her back up. Gordon just stood there and watched. He said "Gee Liz-could I help you with something"? I said no- I had just come in to apply for a job. He said "anyone that can still ask after making such a mess is hired." Loved that place for years and of course spent all my paychecks prior to getting same. Shall miss Dortha Vialle-she and Mom had the Hobby Store next to the old Main St. theatre for many years. Was a great hangout and they had such good times.
us. It must be in the DNA. Keep up the good work.
Yes, indeedy, I do want critiques, suggestions, ideas, fillers, commentary. Have I left anything out? Hope you are enjoying your holidays. May God bless you all.


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by Barbara Campbell | Jul 18, 2018 | Barb & Con Campbell, Gold Belt Air Service, Noorduyn Norseman, Quebec aviation
This is the last chapter from Barbara Van Orden Campbell's journal "Bachelor Lake Daze." Fans of Barb's tales will be glad to know that there is more to come. As primarily an aviation history blog, we initially chose to run the aviation part of her...
by DIana Trafford | Jul 16, 2018 | Barb & Con Campbell, Gold Belt Air Service, Noorduyn Norseman
A special contribution from the tall tales department by guest author Con Campbell Jr. What's the difference between a Flying Story and a Fairy Tale? Fairy Tales start: "Once upon a time…" Flying Stories...
by Barbara Campbell | Jul 6, 2018 | Barb & Con Campbell, Gold Belt Air Service, Howard Watt, Noorduyn Norseman, Quebec aviation
Con and Barb Campbell arrived at Bachelor Lake, in the Abitibi region of Québec, in August 1950 to manage the Gold Belt Air Service seaplane base there. This is the seventh in a series of excerpts from Barbara's journal, "Bachelor Lake Daze," published with the...
by Barbara Campbell | Jul 4, 2018 | Barb & Con Campbell, Gold Belt Air Service, Quebec aviation
Con and Barb Campbell arrived at Bachelor Lake, in the Abitibi region of Québec, in mid-August 1950 to manage the Gold Belt Air Service float plane base there. This is the sixth in a series of excerpts from Barbara's journal, "Bachelor Lake Daze,"...
by Barbara Campbell | Jun 26, 2018 | Barb & Con Campbell, Gold Belt Air Service, Quebec aviation
Con and Barb Campbell arrived at Bachelor Lake, in the Abitibi region of Québec, in mid-August 1950 to manage the Gold Belt Air Service float plane base there. For the first few weeks, they worked from dawn to dusk getting the camp in running order, and settling into...
Bachelor Lake – Life in the Bush
Con and Barb Campbell arrived at Bachelor Lake, Québec, in mid-August 1950 to manage the Gold Belt Air Service float plane base there. For the first few weeks, they worked from dawn to dusk getting the camp in order, and settling into the routine of...
What Pilots Do on Long Flights – Then and Now
by DIana Trafford | Apr 17, 2018 | DH 60X 60G 60M Moths, Uncategorized
Been on a long-haul flight lately? A little bored, maybe? Passengers aren't the only ones who struggle with the tedium of long hours in an airplane. In the cockpit or on the flight deck,...
Mo's Fly-In 2018 – It's a Go
by DIana Trafford | Feb 22, 2018 | Mo's Fly-In, Quebec aviation
Mo's landing strip on the frozen Ottawa River. (Photo: J-P Bonin) Rain or shine, since 1989 — Mo's Fly-In takes place on the last Saturday in February. Meet your friends, and see the action as planes land and take off, or simply make a touch...
LOST AT SEA – Canada's only Ryan M-2
by DIana Trafford | Dec 19, 2017 | Bruce Watt, Howard Watt, Manitoba Basin Mining, Ryan M-2, St. Lawrence River
"Spirit of The Pas" – Eastern Canada Airways' Ryan M-2 in 1928 operating from The Pas, Manitoba, for Manitoba Basin Mining. Photo: SDASM 00390. Called a "Lindy Look-alike" or a sister ship to Lindbergh's Spirit of St....
When Lady Luck Smiles: Gander's First Crash – Hudson T9446
by Darrell Hillier | Nov 28, 2017 | Bruce Watt, Ferry Command, Gander, Lockheed Hudson
Welcome to guest author Darrell Hillier Canadian Aviation Historical Society member Darrell Hillier, whose special interests include Ferry Command and Gander aviation over the years, tells the full story of Hudson T9446 which crashed in December 1940 with my...
Liam Cohen Wins 2017 Webster Memorial Trophy
by DIana Trafford | Nov 6, 2017 | Curtiss-Reid Rambler, Robert Bradford, Webster Memorial Trophy
Canada's Top Amateur Pilot Imagine being named "Canada's Top Amateur Pilot!" Liam Cohen, a student at Seneca College in Peterborough, Ontario, earned that title in 2017. The Webster Memorial Trophy recognizes...
Trethewey Airfield Plaque Unveiled 15 July 2017
by DIana Trafford | Aug 4, 2017 | de Lesseps, DH 60X 60G 60M Moths, Howard Watt, Toronto Air Meet 1910, Trethewey
Photo: Canada Aviation and Space Museum, Artifact No. 1967-0650. One of six Cirrus Moths delivered to de Havilland Canada at the Trethewey Estate on 13 July 1928, this DH 60X Moth (c/n 630) was registered on 7 August 1928 to International Airways of Canada, Hamilton,...
Jackie Cochran – First Woman to Fly a Bomber to Britain
by DIana Trafford | Jun 18, 2017 | Ferry Command, Gander, Jackie Cochran, Lockheed Hudson
Jackie Cochran in the cockpit of her North American Aviation P-51B-15-NA Mustang NX28388 at Cleveland Municipal Airport. In 1947 and 1948 she set four world and United States speed records with this aircraft. Photo © Smithsonian Institution. Source: National Air and...
Lockheed Hudson at Point Cook, Australia
by DIana Trafford | Jun 4, 2017 | Lockheed Hudson, RAAF Museum Point Cook, Temora Aviation Museum
In the collection of the Temora Aviation Museum, Australia, Lockheed Hudson VH-KOY (Military S/N: A16-112) is still flying. Photo: Temora Aviation Museum website. About Point Cook This post is by way of an addendum to "Only Hudson Still...
Only Hudson Still Flying?
by DIana Trafford | Jun 3, 2017 | Lockheed Hudson, RAAF Museum Point Cook
In the collection of the Temora Aviation Museum, Australia, Lockheed Hudson VH-KOY (Military S/N: A16-112) is still flying. Photo: Temora Aviation Museum website. Comments and photos from Paddy Gardiner A few days ago, Paddy Gardiner paddygar@gmail.com wrote...
Up in the Air – in a Cessna 172
by DIana Trafford | Dec 15, 2016 | Uncategorized
Highway 148 at Luskville, Québec With photos by John Frazer Crook Airborne Getaway After countless hours of aviation history research, I needed something to perk me up. Like going joyriding. "Come fly with us," my friends said. Who could resist on...
Early Days in Ferry Command – Flying Hudsons
by DIana Trafford | Dec 9, 2016 | Bruce Watt, Ferry Command, Gander
The only Lockheed Hudson still flying today. Shown here at Point Cook, Greater Melbourne, Australia, it was taken on by the Royal Australian Air Force on 5 December 1941, two days before the war in the Pacific started. After serving with RAAF Survey Flight during the...
Howard Watt – WW2 Ferry Command Pilot
by DIana Trafford | Oct 23, 2016 | Ferry Command, Howard Watt
Venturas, Mitchells and Liberators at Dorval, Québec, awaiting delivery by Ferry Command to the United Kingdom and points beyond, 13 May 1942. Photo: Dept. of National Defence / Library and Archives Canada / PA-114759. Howard Watt was one of several...
French Biplane Sinks During Montréal Inspection
by DIana Trafford | Oct 4, 2016 | Compagnie aérienne franco-canadienne, Nieuport-Delage 391, TravelAir 4000
The Nieuport-Delage 391 was widely used in France by the Compagnie aérienne française. In Canada, it was the aircraft of choice for the Compagnie aérienne franco-canadienne for its 1929 airmail route. What a Sinking Feeling… Aviation...
Bachelor Lake float plane base – Abitibi, Québec
by DIana Trafford | Sep 16, 2016 | Barb & Con Campbell, Gold Belt Air Service, Howard Watt, Quebec aviation
Living in Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, Barb and Con Campbell heard that Gold Belt Air Service was looking to replace their man at remote Bachelor Lake. They jumped at the chance to take over the year-round job. They would refuel the company aircraft, keep the two-way radio...
Finding La Vigilance at Lac Témiscouata — in a photo
by DIana Trafford | Aug 3, 2016 | Curtiss HS-2L, Quebec aviation
La Vigilance on the waters of Lac Témiscouata. Photo: Musée du Bas-Saint-Laurent, Fonds Aline Cloutier c276. Treasures to discover Aviation history buffs will find many treasures in Québec's regional and local museums, as a friend and I discovered...
Canada's First Bush Pilot: Stuart Graham
by DIana Trafford | Jul 12, 2016 | Curtiss HS-2L, Curtiss Seagull, Quebec aviation
"La Vigilance" – the Curtiss HS-2L flying boat registered as G-CAAC. Photo: Canada Aviation and Space Museum. Remembering a Canadian aviation pioneer July 17, 2016 – The date marks 40 years since Canadians said goodbye to our first bush...
Mo's Fly-in on the Ottawa
by DIana Trafford | Mar 25, 2016 | Quebec aviation
Stitched panorama of RVA chez Mo / Mo's Fly-in 2011 by Jean-Pierre Bonin © [wowslider id="2″] Slideshow of photos from Jean-Pierre Bonin's album of RVA Chez Mo Fly-in 2015. To see the whole album, with complete aircraft identification,...
Welcome to Flights of History
by FOH | Jan 4, 2016 | Introduction
A while back, as I was researching family genealogy, I took a detour into aviation history. Stories about my uncles, both bush pilots, captured my imagination. As pioneer aviators in the 1920s and 1930s they would have faced endless challenges flying in remote areas...


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You are here: Home / Blog / Authorship Controversy / Royal Family Split Over Shakespeare Authorship Debate!
Royal Family Split Over Shakespeare Authorship Debate!
May 3, 2014 /1 Comment/in Authorship Controversy, Shakespeare News /by warren king
If you have ever wondered what Prince Phillip Duke of Edinburgh and his son Charles Prince of Wales talk about we now have an insight…
Is it about great affairs of state? Is it about imperial history, about their great ancestors? No, apart from horses and shooting on their country estates and what to wear under their kilts, it's the Shakespeare authorship debate.
The Duke of Edinburgh has weighed in on the debate. He is of the view that Shakespeare did not write the plays. Against all the evidence he insists on that. His candidate for the authorship is Henry Neville, a diplomat who was imprisoned in the Tower for his part in the 1601 rebellion.
Fathers often embarrass their sons and that goes all the way into the Palace, to the heart of British society. How embarrassed must Prince Charles, the President of the Royal Shakespeare Company be then, when his father displays such ignorance on this particular subject?
And so, the two princes have debated this issue. Charles cheated though, and possibly thinking he was on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, he phoned a friend. He asked Stanley Wells, leading Shakespeare expert and champion of Shakespeare in the authorship issue, to present him with a set of arguments with which to confront his father.
Better still, Wells actually spoke to the great nonagenarian in person. He said: 'I crossed swords with Prince Phillip.' Prince Phillip was not impressed with Welles and his arguments. Wells asked him whether he was a heretic on the subject and Phillip responded in his usual gruff I-don't-suffer-fools-gladly tone: 'All the more so after reading your book!'
We don't know what Her Majesty thinks about it. It would be nice to have a two out of three verdict to settle the matter once and for all.
https://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/charles-phillip.jpg 348 620 warren king https://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/nss-logo.png warren king2014-05-03 21:06:372014-06-07 22:46:15Royal Family Split Over Shakespeare Authorship Debate!
Ben johnson says:
Shakespeare was Royal, born to Robert Dudley & Queen Elizabeth, one of several reasons why the authorship persists as a free for all. The main reason of course is economics & that Stratford upon Avon is a cash cow for the Crown. I lived and worked with the Chief, Francis Bacon, in 1622 to prepare the 1623 First Folio—-Ben Jonson
Happy 450th Birthday William Shakespeare! #shakespeare450 What Exactly Is Early Modern English?


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Q: Regex : refuse nothing but a word in the middle of an expression I am currently fiddling with TreeTagger and regex and I am trying to get adjective(ADJ) that are after a noun(NOM)
so this example :
La DET:ART le
voiture NOM voiture
était   VER:impf    être
rouge   ADJ rouge
à   PRP à
côté    NOM côté
d'  PRP de
un  DET:ART un
arbre   NOM arbre
vert    ADJ vert
.   SENT    .

should give us something like:
voiture
était   VER:impf    être
rouge   ADJ rouge

and
arbre
vert    ADJ vert

the tricky part is that the regex have to detect if there is a "NOM" between the first "NOM" and the "ADJ"
my current regex
Regex rgx2 = new Regex("(?<=NOM[\t])((.|\n)*)ADJ.*");

(?<=NOM[\t]) //preceded by "NOM   "
((.|\n)*) // anything (should be "anything but NOM")
ADJ.* //finish with an adjective

does not do that
is there any way to obtain my desired result?

A: You can simply use
(?<=\bNOM\s)(?s)((?:(?!\bNOM\b).)*)\bADJ\b(?-s).*

You need to use a singleline (DOTALL) mode for . to match newlines, switch to a tempered greedy token (with (?:(?!\bNOM\b).)*), and I also suggest to make it safer with the word boundaries \b. With the (?-s).* at the end, we can disable the singleline mode and match just the rest of the line.
See demo

And here is a bit more optimized version without a lookbehind (since you are only interested in the capture, you can simply match NOM):
\bNOM\s(?s:((?:(?!\bNOM\b).)*))\bADJ\b(?-s:.*)

See another regex demo
Here, I am also using the (?s:...) (enabling DOTALL mode for a part of pattern) and (?-s:...) (disabling DOTALL mode for a part of pattern).