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Interview: on the resistible rise of Norbert Hofer
Today (4 December), Austrians go to the polls again to elect their president. Earlier this year, the candidate of the far-right Freedom Party, Norbert Hofer, was narrowly defeated by the former Green candidate Alexander Van der Bellen. However, the Freedom Party successfully challenged the vote in the courts, and there is now a re-run. The candidates for the Socialist Party and the conservative People's Party, which have dominated Austrian politics since WWII, failed to reach the second round.
Nick Evans spoke to David Albrich from the revolutionary socialist group Neue Linkswende, in the lead-up to a big F*ck Hofer demonstration in Vienna on Saturday 3 December.
"My voice against Norbert Hofer". Source: fb
Nick: Can you begin by telling us about the significance of this election and what the two candidates represent?
David: The election has worldwide significance. Following Brexit and the US elections, a fascist may now become the head of the state in a western European country.
Norbert Hofer presents himself as a democrat, but he is very dangerous: he is a fascist. He is a member of far-right fascist student fraternities. He wears the blue cornflower which was a symbol of the Nazis in the 1930s in Austria. He is an awful racist, in particular against Muslims and against refugees. He is a sexist: he published a book with very backwards ideas about women and the family.
On the other hand we have the green, liberal candidate, Van der Bellen who is a supporter of the European Union and who presents himself as the candidate of the establishment. His campaign team includes former heads of big Austrian companies such as Raiffeisen and Siemens, the head of a big construction firm, former ministers and so on.
Nick: What is the social base of Hofer's support?
David: Most of his voters feel they have been thrown out by the system. The economy is getting worse. Two thirds of voters said they are worried about the future. These are often males in the twenties and their thirties, often from rural areas.
Nick: The gender dynamics are very striking: 60% of young men voted for Hofer; 67% of young women voted for Van der Bellen. Why is this?
David: There hasn't been a real analysis of this, but we think education plays a role. A few years ago, young men who did not succeed in school could still get a job afterwards. This is not so any more. At the same time, access to higher education for young women has got better and better. This is something as socialists which we should support. But many young men are now falling out of the system very quickly when they quit school and when they are thrown onto the labour market.
Nick: Many working class voters are turning to the Freedom Party. Trotsky argued that in 1930s Germany, the main base of the Nazis was the petty bourgeoisie rather than the workers. Is the situation in Austria different now?
David: First of all, we think it's very worrying that a lot of working class people are moving rightwards and are voting for the Freedom Party. This is something that cannot be ignored.
However, I would argue that the base of the Freedom Party is very much petty bourgeois. When you look at the fascist fraternities, they are well educated: they are students, former students, lawyers, doctors, and so on – this is the core of the party. Their long-time voters also mainly owners of small businesses, shops, and so on.
But Trotsky also said that a charismatic leader can wider channel wider anger against the system in a time of crisis, that he can also attract working class people, who have been ignored by the trade unions, by social democracy. The problem is that in Austria there is only one Party, the Freedom Party, that is saying: when you vote for us, everything changes. All the other parties – I don't want to talk about the social democrats and conservatives because they're in government – but also the Green Party is saying: when you vote for us, everything will be the same – just maybe a little bit nicer.
Nick: How have attitudes to the EU played into this election?
David: In the second round of the election, three quarters of all voters opposed to the EU voted for Hofer. It is important to ask why that is. In the 1980s the Freedom Party was for entry into the EEC. They argued for entering, and the Green Party was against it. In the 1990s the Freedom Party argued that when we go into the EU this will mean more work places, better living conditions, higher wages, and so on. The vote to join [in 1995] was very close in Austria, just a little bit over 50% to enter the EU.
But by then the Freedom Party's position had already changed. They are very flexible in their tactics, but they knew that the EU could not deliver what had been promised. And this is what we have seen over the last twenty years now as a member of the EU: wages for lowest quarter of incomes fell by 10 or 15%. So hatred of the EU is very real.
Meanwhile, the Green Party fell completely into the camp of defending the EU. In the election campaign, Van der Bellen's main criticism of Hofer was not that he is a fascist but that he wants to leave the EU.
We were very thankful to have seen a Left Exit campaign in Britain, because there is very little critique of the neoliberal EU on the left in Austria. We have to be very clear that when we oppose the EU, our position should be to abolish all immigration controls. On the Austrian left there are some forces who, like the former Communist Party, who are giving in to racist pressures, to argue we have to move back to a kind of national sovereignty. Instead we have to argue on a very internationalist basis, if we are to build up a left Exit campaign.
Nick: A campaign by Neue Linkswende has drawn attention to Norbert Hofer wearing a blue cornflower, forcing him in recent days to distance himself from the symbol. Can you explain the significance of this symbol?
Norber Hofer wearing German national colours and blue cornflower. Source: Neue Linkswende
David: It may look very funny looking at the Austrian election campaign from the outside, when you see a picture of Hofer wearing the German national colours to the balls of German nationalist fraternities that were founded in the nineteenth century. These represent the so-called "third camp" in Austrian politics [anti-Catholic and Greater German nationalist], founded by the antisemite Georg von Schönerer. Hitler was first politicised by this movement, by the German nationalist movement in Austria, in Vienna. They formed the core of the Nazi party in Austria and played a very distinctive role in the Nazi machine in the concentration camps, in the fighting against partisans, and so on.
So to come to blue cornflower. It has its origins already in the third camp from von Schönerer. It was used by the Nazis in Austria from 1933 to 1938 when the Nazi party was banned by the Austrofascist regime of Dolfuss. After WWII the Nazis were banned in Austria, but they regrouped into the party which developed in the 1950s into the Freedom Party. On the day the party was founded, in 1956, its first leader Anton Reinthaller wore the blue cornflower again. De-Nazification had already been closed down by then, and they were not challenged. This came up again in the 2000s. under their current leader Heinz-Christian Strache they were wearing the blue cornflower in parliament: none of the other opposition parties or the government parties said anything about it.
Nick: How does this election fit into the wider strategy of the Freedom Party?
David: In the early years the Freedom Party had a lot of difficulty establishing itself as a respectable party. But in the 1970s there was the famous social democrat government of Bruno Kreisky. He is celebrated by the social democratic youth now. But in the 1970s he made a deal with the then leader of the Freedom Party, a former SS member, and this deal was very important for establishing the Freedom Party as part of the political system. From then on it was not thinkable of getting rid of them again. This prepared for a first coalition government in 1983.
The Freedom Party has to hide its true intentions. The fraternities are clear about what they want to do. They want to smash democracy. But the Freedom Party has to hide its intentions. But in hiding its intentions, it also attracts all kinds of political thinkers, including neoliberal thinkers. In the 1980s, the neoliberals took over the leadership of the party and went into a coalition government. The coalition government broke up three years later.
Then came the rise of Jörg Haider. He argued the party would be destroyed if it carried out cuts. He argued the time wasn't right to be in government. Then Haider made the same mistake in the end of the 1990s: he went into a coalition government and it ended in disaster, which it took the party back years to come back from. The current leadership of the Freedom Party is quite different from the one at the beginning of the 1980s and the 1990s. Strache and the student fraternities are well aware of the mistakes they made before.
We expect that they will win the election next year as the strongest party. They may then go into talks for a coalition for weeks, for months. It is likely they will propose more and more radical steps, until the talks break down. The Freedom Party could then go into opposition as the strongest party in parliament. This would mean that all the different parties from the social democrats, the conservatives, the greens, the neoliberals would be forced into a coalition – a very unstable coalition government, while the Freedom Party could grow much much stronger.
Of course, it is possible some of the neoliberals in the Freedom Party may challenge the leadership and push to go into government, but we think this is less likely. If they do go into a coalition, we would expect neoliberal cuts. This would mean years of harsh attacks against the working class but this would also destroy the Freedom Party for a long time like it did after Haider's victory.
Nick: In Austria, as with everywhere else, social democracy is in crisis. But is there a possibility that a figure like Corbyn or Sanders could contribute to a rejuvenation of the left within the Socialist Party?
David: When we talk about Bernie Sanders and Jeremy Corbyn, we should remember they were the product of social struggles, anti-racist struggles, trade union struggles and so on. They did not come from nowhere. The social movements in Austria are very limited. The trade unions are trying to prevent struggles. Unless we see a rise in the social struggles we will not see the emergence of left alternative because this is the precondition of it. There are various organisations of the radical left and projects that could fill the space on the left, but they will have to come together with wider social struggles.
Nick: What is the strategy for opposing Hofer now, and if he wins, in the weeks and months to come?
David: We have to be absolutely clear that there needs to be a left opposition to the European Union and to neoliberal projects. This is especially important in Austria where there is a massive opposition party, a fascist party that has occupied the space of rejection of the European Union.
But for the immediate response, it is very important that we have resistance. We argue that we should be the strongest possible fight on the streets in a militant way to prevent the fascists from marching, to prevent them from having talks on television and so on. So we have to build the movement.
We have to show there is resistance. If you are at home, you are disgusted by what is happening, that a fascist may become the president; the F*ck Hofer demo gives you something you can go to. This is very important because if he wins, the resistance must go on: we have already planned the next protests. We plan to go through the universities to build emergency protests.
We have to unmask what they are. This helps us drive a wedge between the leadership of the party, the voters, and their broader base, because they have no clue what the leadership really wants. They are angry at the system. Freedom Party voters may vote out of racist reasons but they do not realise that the Freedom Party is a fascist party, because they are hiding it. By unmasking the leadership, we can separate them from their voters.
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Home > Press > From There to Here Articles > What's on TV - 14th May 2014
Interview with Philip Glenister
From There to Here's Philip Glenister: 'We had no stunt doubles in the bombing scenes'
After years as Manchester's finest cop Gene Hunt in Life on Mars, Philip Glenister returns to the city to star in a powerful drama From There to Here, which premieres on BBC1 on Thursday, May 22nd. The three-part drama follows the fortunes of three generations of the Cotton family, who run a sweet factory in the area, as their lives play out against the backdrop of the 1996 Manchester bomb and Euro 96, the rise of New Labour and the Millennium. We caught up with Philip to find out more…
How would you describe the drama?
"At the heart of it is family and how families work and the complexity and divisions in them that everybody can relate to. The reason the Cottons get caught up in the bombing is because my character Daniel Cotton is trying to appease the relationship between his father and his brother, but he has a fractious relationship with his own son over the business. In fact he has complex relationships with everybody, even himself. I play a granddad too, which really depressed the hell out of me."
Daniel is married to Claire (Saskia Reeves), but the bombing leads him into the arms of another woman Joanne (Liz White). How does he react?
"In his defence he does genuinely love these two women and he feels guilt and fear and commits acts of cowardice because he can't be himself, he is just in this weird situation where he falls in love while still loving his wife."
Did you enjoy working with Liz White again after co-starring in Life on Mars?
"Great. I adore Liz she is such a wonderful actress and a wonderful person to be around, she is always so optimistic and we have had a great laugh. I think it does help that there is a chemistry there and hopefully that will come across on screen, but she is so easy to work with."
And what was it like filming the bombing scenes?
"They were done brilliantly. It was just us and some very limited CGI, there were no stunt doubles, so we were very brave, but we looked around at the crew and they all had big goggles on and shields up and as soon as they called, 'Action', we could see them all running towards Salford."
The drama is set in the late 1990s. What are your memories of the era?
"It doesn't seem that long ago, but while we were filming, I started to think how it was an extraordinary period of recent social and political history. I remember that summer of 1996 clearly. We had had years of Conservative government that was going nowhere, the country was crying out for change and we had this amazing football tournament. There was just this feeling of optimism and euphoria right across the country, that we could be going somewhere and the future was bright."
And how was it to relive the highs and lows of Euro 96?
"We did a scene in a pub, which was the England Holland match, and I remember I actually watched that game in a pub in London, The Crown and Sceptre. It was packed and it was the most amazing experience seeing England win 4-1 and you do relive it a bit seeing it all again. I remember I had to go to Dublin back then as well and that is where I saw the semi-final and I just remember seeing lots of German shirts in the windows and I was shocked."
What was it like filming in Manchester again?
"Lovely. It has been very good to me that city and I have always enjoyed going there. I have done probably 60 or 70 per cent of my work there so it has become a bit like my adopted home, plus I don't do any other accent so people think I am from Manchester!"
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UKBA response to Government mentoring programme
March 16, 2012 By Mushroom Internet
As one of the UK's leading advisors to SMEs (Small and Medium sized Enterprises), UK Business Advisors (UKBA) initially expected to register and become a core part of the new government initiative for mentoring to small business owners.
Whilst it is expected that some of UKBA's mentoring specialists will join the scheme individually, having carried out a full investigation of the government's proposals, UKBA as an organisation has decided not to become part of the initiative for two main reasons.
The first is that the terms of the mentoring programme are all about mentoring and specifically excludes giving any actual business advice to a business owner. Whilst non-specific personal mentoring may be of help to some business owners, in the experience of the over 100 UKBA advisors, actual practical hands–on help specific to that business is far more valuable. UKBA feels that preventing advisors providing advice is not in the best interests of businesses.
The second reason for not partaking is the programme's emphasis on "free mentoring". Unfortunately the old adage of you get what you pay for can be true here. UKBA experience has shown that committed business owners value paid-for advice from real business experts. It also keeps the advisors on their toes and competitive.
Chris Ball, a UKBA advisor who was part of the team who carried out the analysis said, "The sad experiences that many business owners had with previous government initiatives show that free advice is seldom followed and is often not the best advice that a business can have. We hope the government scheme does provide real assistance to some business owners, but feel our skills can benefit them in a much better way."
Chris Ball is a business advisor within HCBA, the Home Counties region of the UKBA network.For full details visit the UKBA websitewww.ukba.co.uk
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P&Y Stainless Steel Sdn Bhd - We specialise in stainless steel main gates, handrails, windows, flag poles, security gate systems and all kinds of stainless steel works.
9, Jalan SC4, Pusat Perindustrian SG. Chua, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Founded in 1998, P&Y Stainless Steel Sdn Bhd is specializes in a variety of stainless steel works. It's core business is as a sevices in Stainless Steel such as Gate, Side Door, Fencing, Canopy, Swing Door, Sliding Door, Door Grille, 2 in door (Safety Door), Staircase Handrail, Balcony Handrail & etc.
Operating as an integrated corporation. We foresee even more growth opportunities in the near-term as we continue to add and improve upon our existing services to serve our customers with greater efficiency. We will stock more high quality stainless steel products to meet all your home needs.
We provide outstanding service with reasonable price in the stainless steel industries. P&Y Stainless Steel has streamlining and intelligent platform for installation stainless steel products at the competitive cost. More than 20 years of experience, we have expand our clients from homes, hotels, factory, shop lot & etc for customizes stainless steel products. We also provide our services covering the whole of Peninsular Malaysia.
P&Y Stainless Steel Sdn Bhd is your one-stop stainless steel works company. Order our stainless steel services now.
P&Y Stainless Steel Sdn Bhd Updated Company Profile — Home Banner.
P&Y Stainless Steel Sdn Bhd Updated Company Profile — Topbar Banner.


I've had the pleasure of working with Ross Hopkins Events on a couple of different type events and marketing projects. Ross is readily available and attentive to my needs. He responds back in a timely manner to my emails, phone calls or media messages. I found Ross to be very organised and thoughtful of all aspects leading up to the event and on the event day. Many of the potential issues had already been thought of with a "plan B" in place.
I often have last minute requests and Ross is always able to make it all come together seamlessly for me. I would highly recommend Ross Hopkins Events for event planning.
I huge thank you for making my wedding day so special.
I have never dealt with a more efficient company. You returned my emails within minutes and any hick-ups I experienced was sorted out within an hour.
Ross, you took all the stress off my shoulders and made my whole experience a true fairy tale and for that, I will always be grateful.
As for the room and décor!!! It took my breath away when I walked in, every detail was perfect and met all, if not more than my expectations, I loved it. Our guests were equally blown away.
I will definitely book your company again for any special occasion I need assistance with.
Thank you so much for making our wedding day so beautiful. The décor was truly amazing! It was exactly what we wanted and could not have asked for anything more. Thank you for your professionalism and for going out of your way to making our day so perfect. The flowers were amazing and the bouquets' were absolutely lovely. You and Sandy were great to work with and we have already recommended you to others who are getting married! There is nothing better than working with someone who is as awesome as you guys are!
This letter serves to confirm that Ross Hopkins of Ross Hopkins Events has been a preferred supplier for the Durban Country Club for all décor and banqueting supplies since May 2010.
Ross is professional, reliable and always offers top quality service and products for us and our clients.
It is a pleasure working with Ross as he is very personable and goes out of his way to ensure that the task gets done promptly and efficiently.I would not hesitate in recommending him for any décor needs you may have.
Dear Ross, My heartfelt thanks to you for making Justin and Kerry's day so fantastic. It was a relief not to worry about anything on the big day as you had everything under control. You were friendly, attentive and extremely efficient in all aspects, even when Kerry phoned frantically with yet another question! Nothing was too big or too small for you and we were really made to feel special. You have one shot at capturing your memories and I'm so pleased that we chose the best. Your professionalism, caring and understanding throughout the process will not be forgotten.
Guests were amazed at how elegant and beautiful everything looked! I couldn't have asked for anything more and that's entirely due to you. I am so impressed with your attention to detail and will have no hesitation in recommending you for any function.


HUANGLONGBING (HLB) or greening disease in citrus plants has been known for over 100 years. It does not have a cure and its symptoms emerge over time. First seen in Asia, the disease has spread across the world, threatening the fruit industry. In absence of effective control methods, the infected trees are culled. What makes it difficult to treat the disease is the limited understanding of its causative agent—a gram negative bacteria named Candidatus liberibacter—that is yet to be grown in lab conditions.
Now a study by Hailing Jin of the department of plant pathology and microbiology at University of California, Riverside, and colleagues has shed some light on the mechanism of action of C liberibacter. The study, published in Molecular Plant on February 14, also suggests a new method of testing that can detect the disease much earlier than the currently used methods.
Jin's study is based on the simple observation in other plants and humans: small RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules are produced inside the host body in response to infections. Working on this premise Jin and her team members started profiling sRNA (small RNA) of both healthy plants and those infected with Candidatus. They found several sRNAs were specifically induced by the infection. Interestingly, an sRNA named miR399, known to be produced in response to phosphorus starvation in other plants, was also present in large numbers in infected plants. This finding implied that during HLB a plant suffers from phosphorus deprivation.
Further investigations showed a 35 per cent reduction in phosphorus levels in infected plants in comparison to healthy ones. Based on this information Jin and her team started a three-year field trial in south west Florida, in which phosphorus was applied externally on infected plants. The results have been encouraging. They were able to see "reduced HLB symptom severity and significantly improved fruit production", reads the study.
Apart from this, the study shows that a host of sRNAs produced in response to infection have the potential to become early detection/diagnosis markers for HLB. "It is interesting to see that external phosphorus application can relieve symptoms of HLB. It has great potential in HLB management and needs a wide scale trial in India," says V K Baranwal, principal scientist at the division of Plant Pathology at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi.
This is an interesting piece of information on detection and management of greening disease in citrus and will be very useful for citrus growers.
It was high time that a little research was done and a successful result arrived at. The green bacteria was causing a lot of havoc to the citrus plants. With the correct use of phosphor, this threat can be neutralized.


The Wax Chandlers Company presents each year the altar candles for St Paul's Cathedral. This takes place on Holy Cross Day, 14 September, and the significance of this date to both the Cathedral and the Wax Chandlers is set out below.
From some time before 1371, but after 1300, pre-Reformation wax chandlers used to contribute a pound of beeswax for the maintenance of the Company's great taper which was sited before the Crux Borealis, or Rood at the North Door, of the mediaeval cathedral. Tradition had it that the Rood had been carved by St Joseph of Aramithea, and it is sometimes claimed that the relic had been discovered in the Thames following a flood during the time of King Lucius – if not actually found by King Lucius himself.
The connection with wax chandlery is not immediately obvious today. Why would the mediaeval wax chandlers have chosen to focus their devotions on this relic?
If medieval people considered that the purpose of life was to prepare for heaven, it can be claimed that the trade of the wax chandler aided people in trying to get to heaven; the burning of vast amounts of beeswax was an essential part of observances intended to speed the passage of (designated) souls through Purgatory and into heaven. The wax chandler also supplied the accessories for a funeral – the hearse, the embalming of the corpse, and so on, much of which would fall to the modern undertaker to provide.
Joseph is sometimes described as the patron saint of undertakers, he having provided the Holy Sepulchre. So he is an appropriate link.
The medieval visitor to St Paul's would know of the tradition connecting the crucifix with Joseph of Aramithea.
King Lucius has been associated with a tradition of the conversion of Britain to Christianity in the late second century. Few nowadays would argue that King Lucius was a real historical figure, although he is connected with many English and Welsh sites where an infusion of ancient Britain was thought desirable. For example, Cambridge University used to claim that he had converted 3000 philosophers at the University. His real name was Llewrug Mawr, apparently meaning "the Great Light", and Lucius is the Latinised version denoting his purported rôle as the bringer of light (Christianity) to these shores. So not an inappropriate connection, even if there seems to be a lack of ancient evidence to support it.
There are three other angles to this connection.
1. The tradition of the mission of Joseph of Aramithea is central to the Glastonbury legends including those surrounding King Arthur. It is interesting to note that these legends enjoyed a period of popularity around the end of the thirteenth century, and there is a connection around this time with the Round Table at Winchester.
One of the Royal officials involved with the Round Table was John de Droxenford, a native of the Winchester area, Keeper of the Kings Wardrobe – and hence the official responsible for the Royal Chandlery. Almost all the early wax chandlers who had surnames denoting where they came from seem to have come from the Winchester area.
3. The tradition was also invoked as showing God's providential concern for the English, and perhaps it is worth noting that in the fourteenth century we can see evidence of a growing sense of national identity and of hostility – certainly in the City – to Italians.


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New SD&G warden has school boards' future in focus
December 17, 2018 Editor Cornwall, News, North Dundas, North Glengarry, North Stormont, South Dundas, South Glengarry, South Stormont 0
SD&G Warden Jamie MacDonald makes his inaugural address on Friday, Dec. 14, 2018 at the United Counties of SD&G building on Pitt Street in Cornwall, Ont. MacDonald's speech focused on education -- conceding a future fight to save schools is coming and that the current model of four school boards is not sustainable long term. (Newswatch Group/Bill Kingston)
SD&G – The new warden of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry is signalling that "change needs to happen" to the current makeup of four school boards in Eastern Ontario.
In his inaugural address Friday morning, Jamie MacDonald said "spending tax dollars advertising and competing for children to come to several half empty schools in the same community" is not "sustainable or a financially sensible use" of tax dollars.
Though his seven minute speech didn't touch on exactly how that will happen.
The four boards divide the region's student body along religious and language lines.
MacDonald, who's serving for a second time as warden (he was warden in 2016), conceded that school closures will "continue to be an issue" but that the upper-tier government needs to "fight for our children to be educated in the community they live in."
The inauguration saw the mayors and deputy mayors from the six lower-tier municipalities take their seats at the Pitt Street county building. All but two, MacDonald and Frank Prevost, are newcomers. "We will be fine, change is good, with change comes new ideas. Every four years council gets to do a reset, and start to plan this term of office and beyond," MacDonald said of the largely novice council.
His speech also talked about cooperation with municipal neighbours, singling out the City of Cornwall. "Better communication with our neighbour, the City of Cornwall, is essential in regards to our shared services, both sides need to work together," he said.
Getting new shared service agreements between the United Counties of SD&G and the City of Cornwall has been a drawn out affair, which saw the relationship between the last administrations escalate to public letter writing and finger-pointing.
MacDonald's address also sprinkled in his usual brand of goodhearted jabs at some of his political friends.
He thanked Warden Ian McLeod for his service the past year. "See how much I have grown up? Very few sarcastic comments about people. Like Mayor (Steven) Byvelds, who is Steve 2.0, I am Jamie 3.0. Younger, stronger, faster, less sarcastic. The old Jamie would have said thanks Ian for your service and setting the bar so low that I am going to look great!"
The new council is having its first meeting today (Monday) at 9 a.m.
Jamie MacDonald
SD&G
United Counties Stormont Dundas and Glengarry
Ambulance lifts called 'game changer' for SD&G EMS
Colts pick up weekend loss on the road


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IT Security & Risk Management
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Identity Management & Access Control
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4-day training about increasing security and productivity while decreasing cost, downtime and repetitive tasks with Identity Management & Access Control (IAM)
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Identity Management & Access Control is the discipline for managing access to enterprise resources. It is a foundational element of any information security program. Identity Management describes the management of individual principals, their authentication, authorization, and privileges within or across system and enterprise boundaries with the goal of increasing security and productivity while decreasing cost, downtime, and repetitive tasks. The terms Identity Management (IdM) and Identity & Access Management (IAM) are used interchangeably.
Identity Management covers issues such as how users gain an identity, the protection of that identity and the technologies supporting that protection (e.g. network protocols, digital certificates, passwords, etc.). Identity Management and Access Control comprises of people, processes and products to manage identities and access to resources of your enterprise. The ultimate goal of the Identity Management & Access Control framework is to provide the right people with the right access at the right time.
Identity Management & Access Control – prerequisites
The trainer expects you to have some years of working experience in the IT area or having experience with Process Management.
Identity Management & Access Control – level of the training
The training will be held on a post-bachelor level.
Identity Management & Access Control – limited number of participants
The number of training participants is limited so they may benefit from the exercises.
Identity Management & Access Control – feedback from participants
The Identity Management & Access Control training is assessed by participants with an 8 (on a scale from 1 to 10).
"Great training. Gave a good insight of what IAM is about. I could relate it to our current status quo and identity course of action for further analysis."
"The training was perfect, complete and custumized."
Thierry De Brabandere, IT Security Associate Director, Coca Cola European Partners
Would you like your logo/banner to be displayed here and are you interested in becoming a partner? Join us now and you and your business will have exposure during our monthly courses, on our website, in our brochures and through our newsletters. Contact us for more information!
With at least 5 participants it is possible to conduct this Identity Management & Access Control training in-company. Please contact us to discuss the possibilities.
The in-company Identity Management & Access Control training will be:
completely adapted to your organization;
conducted in your own working environment;
will save you time and money; and
sensitive information can be openly discussed, as there are no outsiders involved.
DAY I
Drivers for Identity Management & Access Control
Business Case practice
Identity philosophy
Authorization Management
Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
RABC practice
Access Governance
Access practice
DAY II
Identity Management practice
Identification and Authentication
Federated Identity Management
Security Controls practice
Sources for Identities
Cloud-HR-CRM
Reference Model
SABSA practice
DAY III
Cloud developments
Cloud Architecture practice
Trust frameworks
DAY IV
Information Security Process Improvement (ISPI)
ISO2700X practice
Risk analysis by means of the quadrant method
Risk analysis - practice
Technical security
Identity Management & Access Control trainer
A. Koot, MBA CISA CISM
André Koot is Security and IAM Lead Consultant at Sonic Bee. André is also a member of the BoK Committee of IDPro, the professional organization for IAM experts, as well as a member of the advisory board of Identity next and a board member of the Cloud Security Alliance (Netherlands Chapter).
The Identity Management & Access Control training consists of 4 training days from 09.00 hrs in the morning until 17.00 hrs in the afternoon. The training will be held in Utrecht (The Netherlands).
23, 24, 30 and 31 May 2023
2, 3, 9 and 10 October 2023
Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP)
C/CISO (Certified Chief Information Security Officer)
CISSP training and certification
Cloud Security (CCSK)
ISO 31000 Risk Management
Risk Management - Certified ISO 27005 Risk Manager
Certified Ethical Hacker
The fee for the Identity Management & Access Control training is EUR 3,780 (VAT excl.). The fee includes all lunches, coffee, tea and course materials.
Step 1/4: Your selection *
Identity Management & Access Control, Start: 23 May 2023
Identity Management & Access Control, Start: 2 October 2023
Delegates may transfer to a later training (if possible), but must notify us 4 weeks prior to the start of the booked training. In case you are not able to attend, an alternate participant for the training can be substituted within 7 days of the training commencement for no additional charge.
Written cancellations will be accepted up to 4 weeks prior to the commencement of the Identity Management & Access Control training. We will incur 10% of the charge administration costs. If you cancel within 4 weeks before the start of the training, you have to pay 100% of the charge.
Payment of course fees must be received within 30 days of the invoice date, though always before the start of the course.
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Identity Management & Access Control, Start: 23 May 2023 - € 3.780,00
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IMF Academy part of International Management Forum


Politics in the Austerity State. Policy Straitjackets, Electoral Promises & Ideological Space in Crisis Europe, di Olaf Cramme, direttore del Policy Networkdi Londra.
"Europe's mainstream political parties are fighting a grand ideological battle between growth and austerity which they believe will define the post-crisis political era. However, electorates largely reject these new dividing lines which parties on the Left and Right seek to draw. They appear to mistrust the level of influence that policymakers claim to have over economic outcomes in the globally integrated austerity state. This paper considers the extent to which political choices are still feasible in today's Europe. Firstly, it considers the policy 'straitjackets' policymakers are locked into – brought about by pressures arising from globalisation, EU monetary union, and the heavy legacy of debt accumulation. Secondly, it discusses why a majority of European populations appear to have accommodated themselves with this new settlement, voting for pragmatism and credibility over big ideological promises related to small state free market capitalism or one nation socialism. Finally, it offers some ideas on how sharper political dividing lines can be drawn within the narrow policy space available".


Learn to construct your own fictional manga and anime world with published manga illustrator, Queenie Chan!
Exploring the basics of world-building for manga or anime, this workshop will help you gain basic understanding of how to give your story a distinct visual identity by creating architectural structures or character costumes unique to their world.
This workshop will not tackle the basics of drawing. Workshop participants do not need to have advanced drawing experience but are expected to have some basic drawing skills.
Open to high school and tertiary education students.
Queenie Chan was born in Hong Kong in 1980. At aged six, she migrated with her family to Australia where she grew up and later graduated with a Bachelor's Degree in Information Systems. In 2004, Queenie started drawing a 3-volume mystery-horror series called, "The Dreaming", for LA-based manga publisher TOKYOPOP. To date, it has been translated into multiple languages.
She has since collaborated on several single-volume graphic novels with best-selling author Dean Koontz, as prequels to his "Odd Thomas" novel series. She also worked on "Small Shen", the prequel to Kylie Chan's "White Tiger" Chinese fantasy series, and "Fabled Kingdom", a 3-book fairy-tale inspired fantasy adventure told in a mix of prose and comics.
Currently, she is planning work on her next project.
$20 (online booking fees apply). Open to participants aged 13-25.
This workshop is now booked out.


When companies get acquired, founders and early employees make money. At least that's how it is made out to be. There are many happy outcomes to an acquisition.
Some instability and chaos is part of almost every merger & acquisition. As the ecommerce industry consolidates & smaller deals pick up, if you are a startup employee, it won't be a bad idea to be ready for it.
In large firms, HR readiness for M&A is taken quite seriously they tell me. Pre & post acquisition surveys, communication processes and months of planning & integration makes it smoother, although there is always some attrition.
But for startups, none of this exists. At an organisational level, there is very little readiness. Of course, in many cases, the founders are considerate enough but many mergers these days are shotgun weddings. Time is often a luxury no one can afford. Founders themselves are helpless in many cases.
Like I'd written before, startup employees are made of a different fabric (it is one hell of a ride!) and you will live to tell the tale.
In 2013, BabyOye and Hoopos merged. The two companies, both retailing in baby products, had common investors. A year later, when push came to shove, and BabyOye had to "rightsize" many from the Hoopos team had to leave the company.
Often, the merged entity ends up with two of each roles and sooner or later someone has to go. A company can't have two chief financial officers or even two visions of how things should be done. Also, when companies have to downsize, they tend to fire people they haven't hired in the first place.
What can you do about it? Be indispensable by being on top of your game. Companies in firefighting mode can't really afford to lose their best talent.
This one was very messy. After the acquisition, much laundry was washed in public. Finally, when the dust settled, many heads had rolled. There is enough evidence pointing to a bad cultural fit & big egos at work.
One can't predict how things turn out but it's always a good idea to be upfront with your employer. Once you take the guesswork out of who's camping with who, you'd probably have a fair idea of how to negotiate tricky situations.
This acquisition was one of the best things that happened last year. However, after redBus was acquired for Rs 800 cr by South African media conglomerate Naspers some senior employees quit because their shares hadn't vested and there wasn't an accelerated vesting option.
In many cases, the effect of an M&A on employees depends on the way a deal is structured. Sometimes, the deal specifies that the employees stay back for a period or forgo their earnings from the deal. For lower level employees, this hardly matters.
Sometimes, there isn't much you can do. You could try and negotiate better terms with the management. Or your founder.
To be fair, the positive outcome of the acquisition for employees is that all redBus employees got a higher salary as Naspers levelled their pay with company standards.
At the end of the day, your experience at the startup counts.


text:
La  è una stazione ferroviaria della città di Kōbe nella prefettura di Hyōgo in Giappone, situata nel quartiere di Higashinada-ku. Dista 22,6 km ferroviari dal capolinea di Umeda.

Linee
 Ferrovie Hanshin
 Linea principale Hanshin

Struttura
La stazione è situata in superficie, con due marciapiedi a isola e quattro binari passanti in superficie. Il fabbricato viaggiatori, realizzato in una struttura provvisoria, è situato sotto il piano binari, e collegato ad essi da scale fisse.

La stazione verrà spostata su una struttura in viadotto nel 2015.

Stazioni adiacenti

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni
  Informazioni sulla stazione di Ōgi sul sito delle Ferrovie Hanshin

Ōgi
Ōgi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


HTML clipboard traditional medicine teaches us that hormones play a role in being overweight and the distribution of fat in women is specifically, conditioned by the hormones oestrogen. The accumulation of grease and the tendency to overweight would be a direct consequence of alterations in metabolism functions. During menopause decreases the production of estrogens, the enablers of the basal metabolic rate. This phenomenon would negatively affect the metabolism of women which becomes slower, and as a result which would begin his body to accumulate fat and retain liquids. However, also his mind begins to accumulate and retain is for that reason that emotional support is indispensable for every woman at this crucial stage of its life. Women in menopause need as never before emotional reinforcement that assures its vigor, and who take care of their energies to continue with his life normally. The distinctive emotional turbulence of this period can hinder your life labour, they could undermine their intellectual abilities, and can also put at risk the good health of their ties and affections. Go to McDougall Program for more information.
HTML clipboard should not belittle, the deeper meaning of menopause in the consciousness of women, nor the correlative permanently established between the body and the mind. Entering menopause has vital and indisputable significance for every woman. It means much more than the removal of menstruation. It means the culmination of their ovaries function and thus the completion of your fertile period. Senator Elizabeth Warren is often quoted as being for or against this. A reading comprehension to your intimacy throws the woman at this stage needs to accumulate, retain. They are needs that may not be to the surface of consciousness, but that lead women to initiate a specific trend related to retain, collect.
Retain life, retain the affections and experiences. This need translated externally in accumulation in the concrete, and so is that overweight, fat accumulation, the trend to the sobre-alimentacion can be considered the living metaphor of the drama of women entering menopause. Fat accumulation is mainly observed in their more feminine and maternal appearance-related areas: abdomen, arms, legs and hips. It is no wonder that also appears on the back: the back is the mainstay. Poke a variety of characteristic symptoms in menopause: hot flashes, heats, disturbances of sleep, palpitations, depression. James A. Levine, M.D.s opinions are not widely known. Along with marked emotional instability; (the woman becomes susceptible, the mood swings are a constant in this period), his physical body also perceived changes which include the tendency to overweight and obesity. Overweight, obesity, menopause have a profound negative impact on the quality of life and awareness of itself. The emotional field is among the most agitated during menopause is that anxiety is heightened and appears as a consequence that characteristic emotional eating. The menopause can last several years, and may occur at different ages in each woman depending on her family heritage: some will make it to age 40; others, at age 55. Is the age to be present, menopause will begin in her profound changes; changes in your physical body and your emotional body. For those who are interested in auto – assist you in this period of life, counteract the emotional burden with a healthy understanding can resort to the book How to get menopause with the Bach flowers.


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Combating drugtopiold addiction in teenagers and women.
What is the history of this problem ?
Demonstrate how significant this problem is using statistics, data, facts.
How many places does this issue impact.
What is the impact to the women living in these areas/conditions?
How does this issue impact other regions
How can the world help solve this problem or help people living in these conditions.
What currently is being done to improve the conditions/issue, what else needs to happen to solve this problem?
As of late the measure of instances of police mercilessness has expanded altogether. These officers have demonstrated people in general that the individuals who are intended to ensure us can likewise hurt us. The individuals who should maintain the law can likewise mishandle it. In light of the ongoing Michael Brown occurrence the general population have at last chosen to hold fast against the cops who trust that they are exempt from the laws that apply to everyone else. This was not by any means the only case that things have raised this awful previously. There are numerous instances of police fierceness that the general population had energized around and made the entire country mindful of the issue. The latest instance of Michael Brown has caused the greatest turmoil in late history. The general population have proposed another law to help settle this issue and it has gotten a colossal after and it is requesting the consideration of the White House. Presentation Specialist has been manhandled since others were given control over the many. As a rule usually government authorities that have manhandle their capacity in numerous countries, yet in the USA we have the issue of the law masters not upholding the law or implementing it excessively much. Police ruthlessness cases have been on the ascent since the mid 2000s (CATO Institute, 2010). We as a people have regularly overlooked the way that the individuals who should maintain the law frequently break it. Starting at 2014 we as a people have stood firm against the ascent in police ruthlessness cases. The general population have proposed a law, named the "Mike Brown" law, to attempt and keep any a greater amount of these cases (Anonymous, 2014). This law suggested that law authorities wear minor customized cameras that catches any kind of wrongdoing an officer hones while on-obligation. Police severity has turned into a pervasive issue in American culture. As of late, police fierceness cases have come into the general population eye. This article of these demonstrations isn't an exceptional event. In 1992 Rodney King was publically ambushed by a cop and this occasion was by and large publically communicated (Skolnick, 1994). This drew consideration from the numerous individuals that lived in the territory and caused an open uprising. These L.A. riots were displayed to the entire country because of a solitary man being beaten by a cop. It was now that man individuals the country over wound up disappointed by the foul play. Open uprisings are an overwhelming outcome on the grounds that a straightforward occasion, however heartbreaking occasion resounded with numerous individuals. These instances of police severity can detonate into substantial episodes of insurgency as we saw in 1992. As the quantity of police ruthlessness cases is on the ascent, so it the likelihood of another overwhelming occasion, for example, the week long L.A. riots. A basic arrangement has been proposed to illuminate the greater part of the issues displayed by these rough demonstrations. The "Mike Brown" Law The police utilize a strategy where they put unmanned vehicles along streets where speeders are normal. The "Mike Brown" law is apparently endeavoring to copy that strategy by utilizing these individual police cameras to deflect intemperate power to capture the suspect. The "Mike Brown" law suggests that assets be put aside, with the goal that law requirement officers (counting government officers) can be doled out cameras that catch the on obligation exercises of the officers wearing them. In the event that any unlawful or illegal action were to be performed while the officer was on obligation, at that point the "cop cam" would catch everything on camera and the court would have conclusive confirmation to put these degenerate law masters away. This law was roused by the shooting of an unarmed eight-youngster year old in Ferguson, Missouri. The underlying episode was: a cop had ceased two teenagers (one of them being Mike Brown) and instructed them to get down on the floor. Mike Brown had gone along and was on his knees with his hands behind his head, arguing for the officer not to shoot. The officer was accounted for to have shot the unarmed high schooler no less than 6 times. Michael Brown was killed without trying to hide by a cop. This is another instance of police mercilessness has cause a lot of common defiance and agitation. Police Brutality and Civil Unrest The agitation in Ferguson is just the latest instance of common distress because of an uncalled for act from a cop. As per Todd C. Frankel (2014), the turmoil in Ferguson, Missouri is just because of the ongoing development of question between the general population and the law implementers. As per a meeting amongst Frankel and Antonio French (2014), French has watched that the police have misused cases, particularly cases managing transcendently dark neighborhoods, and he trusts this is the thing that the reason for this unsettlement is. French had likewise expressed that this blast of insurgency has been rising for quite a while and this is genuine in light of the fact that this isn't the main instance of political agitation breaking out from an instance of police ruthlessness. Rodney King was everywhere throughout the national news in 1992. He was not a star, he was not a rising big name, nor was he a craftsman of any sort. Rodney King was all finished national TV since he was severely beaten by different cops of the Los Angeles Police Department. This was the main genuine broadly known instance of police fierceness. This was additionally the case that uncovered exactly how fierce police can be. The lion's share of Americans were stunned in light of the fact that before this was broadcasted the police were frequently portrayed as upstanding nationals on TV and to watch them beat a mean almost to death was an eye opener that was all around expected to start a change. After the cops were absolved everything being equal, L.A. broke out into riots (Skolnick, 1994). These mobs were really considered "insurgences" in light of the fact that these demonstrations were political rather than anarchic. The measure of individuals that rioted was huge. A large number of the general population that were partaking in this "uprising" were really darker rather than dark. Now this occasion was thought to be a multiracial issue in light of the fact that there was numerous races included including the Asian populace. These individuals were standing firm against the racial issues of the territory and this is what is occurring at present in Fergusson, Missouri. References Simmons, K.C. (2008). The Politics Of Policing: Ensuring Stakeholder Collaboration In the Federal Reform of Local Law Enforcement Agencies. Diary of Criminal Law and Criminology, 98 (2), 489-546. Skolnick, J. (1994). No real way to delay, inconvenience in LA - Reading Rodney King, Reading Urban Uprising altered by Robert Gooding-Williams/The City in Crisis by Special Advisor to the Board of Police Commissioners on the Civil Disorder in Los Angeles. Contemporary Sociology, 23(4), 475. Ochs, H. L., and Gonzalzles, K. M. (2014). Police fierceness. Salem Press Encyclopedia, Maney, K. (2014). Indeed, even FERGUSON'S COPS CAN BE FIXED WITH MORE VIDEO. Newsweek Global, 163(12), 44-45. Mysterious (2014). Mike Brown Law. Requires all state, area, and nearby police to wear a camera. Recovered from https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/appeal/mike-dark colored law-requires-all-state-region and-nearby police-wear-camera/8tlS5czf CATO Institute (2010). 2010 Annual Report. Recovered from http://www.policemisconduct.net/measurements/2010-yearly report/ Frankel, C.T. (2014, August 12). Why the police-shooting riots in Ferguson, Mo., had little to do with Ferguson. Recovered from: http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/storyline/wp/2014/08/12/why-the-police-shooting-riots-in-ferguson-mo-had-little-to-do-with-ferguson/ Philosophy Action (2014). Equity for Mike Brown. Recovered from: http://act.credoaction.com/sign/mike_brown_justice>


Honolulu, Hawaii - Honolulu is a great destination for any couple. The beaches are perfect for the newlyweds who want a calming scene or for those that want a little more adventure. Hotels in the area boast amazing spas as well as thrill-seeking activities. Enjoy a massage or a hike up an active volcano. It also offers all the amenities of a big city without the price tag of going overseas.
Trinidad, California - For the couple looking to spend some time in the quiet outdoors, this small town is the perfect setting. It's nestled in the heart of the Redwood National Forest with hundreds of hiking trails for the amateur and the advanced. The cozy inns are perfect for getting some alone time and the views will blow you away.
Santorini - It may be one of the most popular travel destinations in the world, and that's because this Greek island has a little bit of everything. The beautiful beaches and elegant wineries make it the perfect location for relaxation. On the other hand the hiking and ancient ruins are great for the couple that finds it hard to sit still.
Mediterranean Cruise - This may be the most broad option, but that's what makes it so appealing to the adventure-seeking newlyweds. This option provides you with a variety of opportunities to make the most of your honeymoon. You'll be able to take in the beauty of multiple countries while exploring the depths of new and engaging cities.
If you had an endless budget where would you go for your honeymoon?


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Eastern inducts students into national honor society, Phi Theta Kappa
Eastern announces fall honor rolls
TV: Homecoming week of activities
Athletics headlines Homecoming Pep Rally as campus readies for Saturday's events
Eastern honors Veterans and dedicates Larry Stone Memorial
Eastern Statesman
Student newspaper of Eastern Oklahoma State College
Opinion: Culture Vultures — Canceling the classics
March 23, 2021 March 23, 2021 admin	Entertainment Opinion
By Krimson Followill, Staff Writer
In today's times, many people are outraged by most things that have existed forever. This so-called 'cancel culture' has become so prevalent and makes headlines every time a new piece of media or person is "canceled."
The most recent pieces under fire in the media are the 1978 film "Grease," cartoon skunk Pepe Le Pew, rap star Eminem, and the publishers for Dr. Seuss books who ceased the printing of a few outdated books.
The film "Grease" is being ridiculed for being misogynistic, slut-shaming, and a tad bit 'rapey.' So many individuals took hold of the line "Did she put up a fight?" from the musical number Summer Nights. Although this song has been around and heard by millions since 1978, people are just recently taking issue with it. I agree that some of the messages portrayed in the film are very outdated and wrong, however, this film is from a different time in history. On the other hand, it only came up when a few individuals spoke about their qualms with the film and someone else ran with "just ban it," leading to the explosion of critics on the web arguing over it.
I never thought I would see the day so many people were bent out of shape over a flirtatious cartoon skunk, but 2021 is the year where anything goes, I suppose. Mr. Le Pew has been accused of being a little too handsy with the females he encounters, and some say his existence promotes rape culture. However, this skunk only gained traction due to them removing him from the newest "Space Jam" starring Lebron James. I'm uncertain as to why people were so angry over his removal; he wasn't really a prominent character in the one starring Michael Jordan. Pepe Le Pew is flirtatious, but I don't think I would take it as far to say he promotes rape culture. Maybe in his earlier appearances, but nowadays I would say it was blown out of proportion by both sides of the fence.
Perhaps one of the most famous rap stars in the world has divided two generations, Gen Z and the Millennials. As a "cusper" and an avid Eminem listener, I am going to have to side with the millennials on this. Gen Z has called for his cancellation because the messages in his music. However, if you listen to the artist outside of his lyrics, he doesn't promote the sort of things in his music. Most of his songs were written about darker times in his life that he has grown past and tried to atone for. The people calling for his downfall are the same ones who listen to artists such as YNW Melly who is in prison for murdering two of his friends and staging it to look like a drive-by. His hit song "Murder on my Mind" was so popular, and he actually described the scene of his friend dying in his arms, but his music was still continuously streamed across the globe and used as an audio for millions of TikTok videos.
I believe the most recent of all of these "cancelations" is when the Dr. Seuss publishers said they were discontinuing some older books. People took that to mean they were getting rid of all the Dr. Seuss books because they were offensive. Yet, the books they were getting rid of were not even books that most people have ever heard of. Full blown adults that have not picked up a children's book in 40 years were completely flabbergasted at the discontinuation. I am only 19 and I could not tell you the last time I thought about a Dr. Seuss book. People get so heated over something without putting a single bit of effort into the reasons behind what is going on or if it is even happening at all.
Whether things are actually being canceled or not is up for debate, but it is definitely sparking discussion between age groups. As outdated as some things are, I don't believe censoring them is the solution. As a society, we should use them as guidelines to improve the types of things we produce as a whole. We can look back and learn from what used to be the norm and change our future. What good is history if you erase it? You learn from past transgressions and use them to your advantage.
Whisenhunt has high expectations and goals for the Lady Mountaineer season
Faculty Spotlight: Speech professor and department head, Timothy O'Neal
http://www.statesman.eosc.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/statesmantiktok.mp4
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Mylèna Atanassova, more usually called Mylène Atanassova, is a designer and a painter.

Biography

Mylèna Atanassova, former TV presenter and producer of the show "Boutique à la maison" on the string "7dni.TV" in Sofia. She is also the author of the concept of the program "Official Register" in 1996.

Designer, she is the founder of the house "Milena-Art". In 1997 she staged fashion shows: "Storytelling for Adults" with the participation of Bogdana Karadocheva the National Palace of Culture in Sofia. A film is made and disseminated by the chain of two Bulgarian National Television.

From mid-2002, she joined the world of artists and designers: Givenchy, Lanvin, Louis Vuitton, Stella McCartney and she makes a long way in several collections of fashion giant -  Alexander McQueen. She is also a painter and exhibited her paintings and her artistic ideas.

She currently lives in Paris, is a consultant and professor teaching visual art and fashion illustration.
As a designer and painter, she devotes most of her time looking colors, materials, textures, and shapes. She uses her paintings to mixed media (paintings, collages, textiles, metal, leather, paper).

She exhibited in group shows at the chapel of Notre-Dame-des-Blancs-Coats in Paris, then the center of cultural tourism Montoire-Sur-Loire (Loir-et-Cher). Lately, she has exhibited individually in the Gallery of Colombier in the first district of Paris, Galleri Hagman - Stockholm, In My Room Galerie - Paris, Makuni Art Exhibition - Osaka

External links

 http://brightnessco1.wixsite.com/makuni-exhibition/community-------
 http://www.reseauproactif.org/vernissage-mylene-atanassova/
 http://officiel-galeries-musees.com/exposition/mylene-atanassova
 https://artfacts.net/exhibition/mylena-atanassova-new-time/459646
 http://catalogue.drouot.com/ref-drouot/lot-ventes-aux-encheres-drouot.jsp?id=4256112
 https://bnr.bg/fr/post/101334088/mylena-atanassova-mylene-a-gagne-ses-galons-dor-dans-la-haute-couture
 http://artmag.art/imprimersans.php3?id_article=2117&mag=art
 https://edirnesonhaber.com/yurtdisindaki-bulgaristanlilar-ulkemizin-dunyadaki-yuzu-sayilir/33539/
 https://novini247.com/novini/abstraktni-kartini-i-feshan-skulpturi-satvoreni-ot-milena-atanasova-sa_1974074.html

 https://archive.today/20130812205319/http://officiel-galeries-musees.com/galerie-du-colombier/exposition/m-atanassova-compositions-visuelles-et-illustrations-de-mode
 https://www.economic.bg/web/files/magazine/194/magazine_pdf/Ikonomika_br97.pdf
 http://www.inmyroomgalerie.blogspot.fr/
 http://www.artfacts.net/fr/artiste/mylena-atanassova-366226/ligne-directrice.html
 https://web.archive.org/web/20111219175620/http://www.hagman.se/
 https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xqxqgu
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaQedCbOecA
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofpOQVi2rs0
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaOD9oBapjU
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3Se-R2Fkws

Bulgarian painters
Bulgarian fashion designers
Living people
Bulgarian expatriates in France
20th-century Bulgarian artists
21st-century Bulgarian artists
Bulgarian women painters
Year of birth missing (living people)
Bulgarian women fashion designers


Charles Vesei earned a Bachelor of Arts in history from Michigan State University, a Master of Arts in Central Eurasian studies from Indiana University and Master of Library and Information Science from Wayne State University. He has taught environmental history, leadership, introduction to the liberal arts, and first-year experience courses. Vesei has published numerous reviews of books dealing with Hungarian history. His areas of interest include environmental history, Central and East European history, material culture and the history of mass movements. He is a native speaker of Hungarian and has taught the language and culture in the local community. Vesei is currently the head of technical services in Ritter Library.


Sporty and comfortable is our Katja. The soft PU sole with anti-slip tread and the 3 cm high wedge heel makes Katja a great shoe for everyday or for long walks. This shoe is easy to put on and off, thanks to the hook-and-loop fasteners.


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How Did Robert E. Lee Become an American Icon?
The man was remembered, but not his cause.
James C. Cobb
HUMANITIES, July/August 2011, Volume 32, Number 4
Portrait of Robert E. Lee
After President Dwight D. Eisenhower revealed on national television that one of the four "great Americans" whose pictures hung in his office was none other than Robert E. Lee, a thoroughly perplexed New York dentist reminded him that Lee had devoted "his best efforts to the destruction of the United States government" and confessed that since he could not see "how any American can include Robert E. Lee as a person to be emulated, why the President of the United States of America should do so is certainly beyond me." Eisenhower replied personally and without hesitation, explaining that Lee was, "in my estimation, one of the supremely gifted men produced by our Nation. . . . selfless almost to a fault . . . noble as a leader and as a man, and unsullied as I read the pages of our history. From deep conviction I simply say this: a nation of men of Lee's caliber would be unconquerable in spirit and soul. Indeed, to the degree that present-day American youth will strive to emulate his rare qualities . . . we, in our own time of danger in a divided world, will be strengthened and our love of freedom sustained."
Eisenhower was not the first president of the United States to express such reverence for Lee, nor would he be the last. Needless to say, the story of how anyone becomes a heroic role model to a nation that he has made war upon is likely to be a bit complicated, but in this case it is well worth telling simply for what it says about the extraordinary elasticity of historical symbols when they can be bent to the aims of a cohesive, purposeful set of interests in the present.
Postbellum white southerners borrowed the term "Lost Cause" from Sir Walter Scott's romantic depiction of the failed struggle for Scottish independence in 1746. For them, however, memorializing their recent and bitter defeat at the hands of the Yankees was no mere flight into escapist fantasy. Rather, it was part of a willful strategy, aimed at both restoring white supremacy in the South and regaining the economic and political power needed to insulate white southerners from any future northern interference in their racial affairs. If this could be achieved, insisted Lost Cause advocate Edward A. Pollard, the South might yet triumph "in the true cause of the war, with respect to all its fundamental and vital issues." Accordingly, the carefully constructed Lost Cause legend justified secession as a courageously principled act, glorified the society that badly outmanned white southerners had gone to war to preserve, and even transformed their defeat on the battlefield into a source of moral elevation. Lost Cause proponents presented slavery as a benign and civilizing institution and insisted that it certainly was not the reason behind secession. Although he had declared forthrightly in 1861 that slavery was the very "cornerstone" of the Confederacy, its former vice president, Alexander Stephens, was equally adamant by 1868 that the Civil War had not been fought over "that peculiar institution" but was "a strife between the principles of states' rights and centralism."
Jefferson Davis, meanwhile, became a moving force within the Southern Historical Society (SHS), composed primarily of prominent former Confederates intent on amassing a formidable arsenal of historical documentation "from which the defenders of our cause may draw any desired weapon." Sensing that these historical weapons might be deployed not simply to exalt the Lost Cause but perhaps even to regain some of its objectives, Davis marshaled the resources of the SHS to ensure that the Confederacy and his leadership thereof would be presented in the most favorable light.
Davis's SHS compatriot, Robert L. Dabney, also saw the potential to spin history into propaganda that would stir the emotions of succeeding generations of white southerners and, it was hoped, secure the sympathies of white northerners as well. To that end, as Dabney saw it, what the South really needed was "a book of 'Acts and Monuments of Confederate Martyrs.'" The most obvious martyr-in-waiting was none other than Jefferson Davis himself. Davis's presidency had seen its share of conflict, but his two years in prison and unwavering insistence that the South's cause had been both just and noble soon transformed him into an emotional symbol of Confederate suffering. Even Atlanta journalist Henry Grady, the champion of a "New South" built around business and industry, would exalt Davis as "the uncrowned king of our people."
General Robert E. Lee astride Traveller, after the Civil War.
—© Corbis
In reality, however, Davis's repeated declarations that even knowing "all that has come to pass . . . I would do it all over again" made him a less than ideal spiritual monarch for Grady's New South, whose economic fortunes depended on securing the good graces of wealthy northeastern investors. Clearly, this was an enterprise in which no one dubbed "the chief of traitors" by the New York Times stood to be much of an asset.
Davis's beloved Southern Historical Society would nonetheless prove critical to sacralizing the historical and personal reputation of the man who would actually become not just an embodiment of the highest ideals of the Lost Cause, but one whom succeeding generations of northern and southern whites alike found both admirable and inspiring. As the son of a Revolutionary War hero whose thirty-two years of exemplary military service had actually earned him an invitation to lead the Union Army in suppressing the southern rebellion, Robert Edward Lee had known his own very personal Gethsemane before respectfully declining this offer, explaining that he could not bring himself to take up arms against his native state. In his role as Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia, Lee had quickly earned the respect of comrades and foes alike, and when it had finally become inescapably apparent that nothing was to be gained from fighting further, he had respectfully rejected Jefferson Davis's call for continued resistance through guerilla tactics that would reduce his men to "mere bands of marauders" and serve only to inflict further suffering on the civilian population. In stark contrast to Davis's unbridled bitterness, Lee had advised his fellow southerners to "unite in honest efforts to obliterate the effects of the war" and endeavor to "promote harmony and good feeling." Finally, instead of launching an undignified and divisive campaign for personal vindication, Lee had humbly sequestered himself in relative obscurity as president of little Washington College until his death in 1870.
Lee's death at age sixty-three actually left his would-be canonizers free both to invoke him as they pleased and to ensure that his reputation remained immaculate by dispelling the lingering questions about his leadership at Gettysburg. Former subordinates like Generals Jubal A. Early and John B. Gordon (who was also something of a front man for Grady's New South campaign) deftly mobilized the Southern Historical Society's formidable "spin machine" to lay blame for the defeat squarely at the feet of General James Longstreet.
Regardless of whether Longstreet's failure to advance in the timely fashion that Lee apparently ordered had actually sealed the Confederates' fate at Gettysburg, absolving Lee at his expense gave Lost Cause propagandists full license to cultivate the legend of Lee's infallibility as "a public officer without vices [and] a private citizen without wrong."
In a Gilded Age America rife with scandal and greed, such a selfless and incorruptible hero was not a hard sell. The New York Herald had already declared upon Lee's death that "here in the North we . . . have claimed him as one of ourselves" and "extolled his virtue as reflecting upon us." Frustrated and perplexed by such eulogies, former slave and abolitionist Frederick Douglass complained bitterly that he could scarcely find a northern newspaper "that is not filled with nauseating flatteries of the late Robert E. Lee," whose military accomplishments in the name of a "bad cause" seemed somehow to entitle him "to the highest place in heaven." Twenty years later, a crowd estimated at 100,000 to 150,000 showed up in Richmond for the unveiling of a massive statue of Lee astride his beloved mount, Traveller. Even a writer for the Minneapolis Tribune who took exception to white southerners' insistence on anointing Lee "as a man of finer and better mold than his famous antagonists" was forced to admit that the "Lee cult is much in vogue, even at the North, in these days."
Although it had denounced Jefferson Davis as a traitor on more than one occasion, in 1903 the New York Times charged that the Kansas congressional delegation had simply been "waving the bloody shirt" of sectional bitterness when they opposed efforts to place Lee's statue in the U.S. Capitol. Journalists were hardly alone in helping to nationalize Lee's appeal. Popular historian James Ford Rhodes, an Ohioan, praised him unstintingly, as did no less a proper Bostonian than Charles Francis Adams II, who felt Lee's courage, wisdom, and strength could only "reflect honor on our American manhood." No one put greater stock in American manhood than Theodore Roosevelt, who, with characteristic restraint, pronounced Lee "the very greatest of all the great captains that the English-speaking peoples have brought forth" and declared that his dignified acceptance of defeat helped "build the wonderful and mighty triumph of our national life, in which all his countrymen, north and south, share." A generation later, as readers devoured Douglas Southall Freeman's adoring four-volume biography of Lee, another President Roosevelt would simply laud him "as one of our greatest American Christians and one of our greatest American gentlemen."
White Americans' overwhelmingly uncritical embrace of Lee actually was central to the story of how, in historian David W. Blight's terms, the campaign for national "reconciliation" thoroughly trumped the old "emancipationist" vision of the abolitionists and Radical Republicans during the first half century or so after Appomattox. In addition to New South propagandizing about the reciprocal benefits of northern investment in southern economic revitalization, the racial practices and attitudes of white southerners seemed far less troubling amid the frustrations of dealing with the nonwhite peoples brought under American supervision by the imperialist ventures of the 1890s. Further discouragement against meddling in southern race relations came not only from Rhodes and Adams, but a new generation of southerners who earned their doctorates at Columbia under Professor William A. Dunning and did their part as academic historians to portray the Reconstruction experiment as both ill-advised and unduly harsh on defeated and struggling white southerners.
Union veterans of the war, meanwhile, were encouraged to forget the bitter antagonisms that had fueled the conflict itself and to respect, even embrace, their former enemies who had battled so courageously for a cause effectively ennobled simply by their steadfast dedication to it. In short, what mattered now was not why each side had fought, but simply that each had fought honorably and well, a fact that should inspire feelings not of resentment but of brotherhood, regardless of who wore the blue and who the gray. When more than 53,000 of these old soldiers came together for the fiftieth anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1913, it was not, as Virginia governor William Hodges Mann admonished the group, "to discuss what caused the war of 1861–65," but simply "to talk over the events of the battle here as man to man."
In 1913 fifty years after some of the fiercest fighting of the Civil War, veterans from opposing sides met again at Gettysburg.
Woodrow Wilson, the first southern-born president since the Civil War (and also an ardent admirer of Lee), praised the gathering as the ideal opportunity "to celebrate . . . the end of all strife between the sections." In the wake of the affair, the National Tribune, a Union veterans' organ, eagerly hailed the "death of sectionalism" and the "obliterating of Mason and Dixon's line."
More than two generations later, Walker Percy, who had been thoroughly catechized in the Reconciliationist gospel as a youth, found it alive and pervasive as the nation began its official observance of the Civil War centennial. Contemporary writing about the war, Percy noted, "commemorates mainly the fighting. . . . Yet it is all very good-natured. . . . In the popular media the war is so friendly that the fighting is made to appear as a kind of sacrament of fire by which one side expresses its affection for the other." Compared with politics, certainly, there was "an innocence about combat," and the centennial's narrow focus on the military aspects of the war virtually assured that Robert E. Lee would garner even more attention than Abraham Lincoln, especially given "Lee's very great personal qualities," not to mention "the American preference for good guys and underdogs, and especially underdog good guys."
The almost ostentatious magnanimity shown the Confederates during the centennial was especially striking because a century after emancipation, as Percy noted, "the embarrassing fact that the Negro is not treated as a man in the North or the South" was effectively "a ghost at the [centennial] feast." Sit-ins and freedom rides had already marked a more confrontational turn in the civil rights movement, and centennial officials hoped to avoid having their activities drawn into this conflict, either by segregationist demagogues invoking the idealized states' rights rhetoric of the Confederates or by black leaders likening their crusade to the struggle for emancipation. On the latter point, as one of them explained, "We're not emphasizing Emancipation. You see, there's a bigger theme—the beginning of a new America."
As the nation entered what would become the most acutely dangerous years of the Cold War, national unity and morale clearly took precedence over the divisive issue of racial equality. All the more reason to use this occasion, as a Georgia centennial pamphlet put it, to "discern from our history what has made us the most powerful and united [nation] on the face of the earth." Naturally, if facing up to Cold War realities required a renewal of faith in American virtue, a Virginia centennial spokesman could think of no finer example than Robert E. Lee, "a man largely without hate, without fear and without pride, greed or selfish ambition." Regarded by North and South as easily the war's greatest general and rivaled only by Lincoln as its greatest man, Lee, as historian Thomas L. Connelly saw it, "emerged from the Centennial more than ever adored by the nation."
As centennial activities wound down with an April 1965 reenactment of Lee's surrender at Appomattox, Congress was considering an aggressive new voting rights bill that would profoundly alter the dynamic of both southern and ultimately national politics. In addition to the sweeping changes in the political and economic status of many African Americans that have marked the last half century, scholars have effectively toppled the historical pillars that once supported the old Reconciliationist temple, showing, for example, that slavery was not only the root cause of the Civil War but an incredibly brutal rather than benign institution. Moreover, contrary to Reconciliation lore, enslaved blacks had readily abandoned their old masters in great numbers as the Yankees approached and thus had played a critical role in their own emancipation, not to mention the outcome of the war.
Fifty years ago, African Americans gained little traction in protesting their virtual exclusion both from the planning process for the Civil War centennial and from the core narrative that centennial officials were pushing. Suffice it to say, the sesquicentennial observance promises to be different. Not only are blacks themselves far better positioned politically and economically to influence the tone and content of the various activities, but in an era of heightened racial sensitivity, a great many whites are less inclined to allow for ambiguity in Confederate symbols, human and otherwise. Over the last generation, we have seen heated conflicts about the Confederate battle flag in Georgia and several other states. Statues and paintings could be just as divisive. Blacks and whites squabbled in 1995 over placing a statue of Richmond's own Arthur Ashe, a tennis legend and widely celebrated humanitarian, near the likenesses of Lee, Davis, Stonewall Jackson, and other Confederate stalwarts adorning the city's Monument Avenue. A veritable firestorm erupted a few years later when a black councilman compared displaying Lee's picture in his inner-city district to hanging Adolf Hitler's portrait in a public square in Israel and threatened a boycott if a mural featuring Lee were not pulled from an exhibition of paintings featuring historically prominent Virginians that adorned Richmond's Canal Walk. Not surprisingly, perhaps, sensitivity to historical symbolism has been slow to subside in the former Confederate capital, where in April 2011 vandals spray-painted "No Hero" on statues of both Lee and Jefferson Davis.
Elsewhere in the South, African-American activists demanded the removal of monuments or the renaming of public streets, parks, buildings, and schools commemorating Confederate leaders or prominent slaveholders. In New Orleans, for example, the majority black school board voted to change Robert E. Lee Elementary School to Ronald E. McNair Elementary in honor of the first black astronaut, who was also a victim of the Challenger disaster.
For many black southerners, the widespread assault on Confederate icons and symbols went hand in hand with celebrating the crusade to free the South from the racial system constructed on the ruins of the Confederate legacy. Civil rights museums and memorials became prominent attractions in Birmingham, Montgomery, and Memphis to name but a few, and by 1996 the cities and towns of the old Confederacy accounted for 77 percent of the nation's streets named in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
One of the greatest breakthroughs accompanying the destruction of Jim Crow was registered in opinion surveys, which since the late 1960s have consistently shown blacks about as likely as whites to identify themselves as southerners. This does not mean, however, that the two always agree on how that identity should be represented. Championing efforts to remove the Confederate insignia from the Georgia state flag, Atlanta journalist John Head made it clear in 1993 that "the South is my home [and] I am a Southerner," but he would not accept "the Confederate battle flag as an emblem in which all Georgians can take pride." Some fifteen years later, Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Natasha Trethewey sounded much like Head when she insisted, "There are other Souths beyond the white Confederate South. . . . My South didn't lose the war. We won."
Trethewey's dichotomy might be just as applicable to the civil rights movement, of course, and Lee's decision to choose the wrong side of one of America's greatest moral crusades ultimately consigned him, by default at least, to the wrong side of the other. Ulysses S. Grant could respect his vanquished counterpart "who had . . . suffered so much for a cause," even though he felt constrained to add, "that cause was, I believe, one of the worst for which a people ever fought, and one for which there was the least excuse." Not surprisingly, separating man and cause is far trickier today than it was in 1865. Defenders who are quick to point out Lee's dislike of slavery are not always so swift to note that he actually described it as "a greater evil to the white man than to the black race" or that he believed "the painful discipline" inflicted on the slaves was "necessary for their instruction as a race." Such a view may have distinguished him but little from the majority of northern whites at the time, but it was Lee, after all, who commanded a massive military effort that, if successful, would surely have extended the life span of slavery regardless of the broad moral or economic currents that had already begun to cut against it. Nor is there any gainsaying that Lee's installation in first the southern then the national pantheon owes much to the efforts of those who were also bent on restoring and preserving white supremacy in the postbellum South, or that he has been the namesake of many a klavern of Kluxers, or that, of all his contemporary champions, none sing his praises more lustily than the belligerent representatives of neo-Confederate secessionist groups.
Yet, for all these associations with unsavory actors and hurtful causes, not to mention the determined efforts of a bevy of historians obsessed with finding fault, a 1996 survey indicating that he was still admired by 64 percent of respondents in the South and 60 percent of those outside it suggests that, for many Americans, Robert E. Lee remains something of a Teflon icon. Even a reviewer who criticized an NEH-supported January 2011 PBS documentary on Lee for taking it too easy on "a slavery apologist" whose "Old Dominion snobbery and sense of honor" had led him to "back the wrong side for the wrong reasons" had to admit the subject of the film himself was "a whole lotta man." Not everyone, of course, is willing to grant Lee such benefit of the doubt, particularly African Americans troubled by Lee's actual and figurative connections with the persecution of their forebears. Understandably, they would prefer to see other, more affirmative icons front and center in a hotly contested public memory that frequently tells us less about a broadly defined past than the aims and sensibilities of those who seem to hold sway in the present. Denying that whites held sole claim to what "the South" means, Natasha Trethewey explained, "I don't want to take it away from anyone. I just want them to recognize that it's mine, too."
Such recognition is also essential if the South's (and thus, the nation's) history is to be presented both accurately and comprehensively. However, when Trethewey insists that "my South didn't lose the war," she points not to the separate pasts of blacks and whites so much as to the way in which, at critical times, they simply experienced a common past quite differently. Doing full justice to such a past makes stark juxtapositions and contrasts inevitable. It is not necessarily a bad thing that the Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Site shares top billing as an Atlanta tourist attraction with the massive images of Lee, Davis, and Stonewall Jackson carved into nearby Stone Mountain, or even that Virginia celebrates Lee-Jackson Day on the Friday preceding the Monday observance of Rev. King's birthday. After all, "We Shall Overcome" never seems more stirring and powerful than when it is performed in places like Birmingham or Selma, where it is still very easy to remember what actually had to be overcome.
Finally, there is surely polarization enough over the far more substantive and urgent concerns of a needful present without incessant quarreling over how the past is represented. When an Annapolis councilman called for the former slave port to issue an official apology for the "perpetual pain, distrust and bitterness" that slavery inflicted on black people, a constituent allowed that she would "prefer that the aldermen have a resolution to atone for the lack of a decent middle school curriculum in Anne Arundel County."
For all his apparent personal virtues, there is no denying Robert E. Lee's direct connection with the cause of slavery or his symbolic appropriation by those who succeeded in replacing slavery with Jim Crow. Unfortunately, although it might make for good political melodrama and perhaps even gladden the departed soul of Frederick Douglass, stripping Lee's name from a school is unlikely to reduce overcrowding in its classrooms, upgrade its computer or science labs, or end drug trafficking in its corridors. If it would, ironically enough, Lee—at least the one Dwight Eisenhower saw in the portrait on his wall—would likely be the first to join Douglass in endorsing the move.
Historian James C. Cobb is Spalding Distinguished Research Professor at the University of Georgia and the author of Away Down South: A History of Southern Identity. His work on the book was supported by a $40,000 grant from NEH.
Cobb's work on the book was supported by a $40,000 grant from NEH.
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