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Vol 6, No 2 (April 2015) /
Multicenter evaluation of the safety and efficacy of radioembolization in patients with unresectable colorectal liver...
Multicenter evaluation of the safety and efficacy of radioembolization in patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases selected as candidates for 90Y resin microspheres
Authors: Andrew S. Kennedy, David Ball, Steven J. Cohen, Michael Cohn, Douglas M. Coldwell, Alain Drooz, Eduardo Ehrenwald, Samir Kanani, Steven C. Rose, Charles W. Nutting, Fred M. Moeslein, Michael A. Savin, Sabine Schirm, Samuel G. Putnam III, Navesh K. Sharma, Eric A. Wang
Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer liver metastases Outcomes after RadioEmbolization (MORE) was an investigator-initiated case-control study to assess the experience of 11 US centers who treated liverdominant metastases from colorectal cancer (mCRC) using radioembolization [selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT)] with yttrium-90-(90Y)-labeled resin microspheres.
Methods: Data from 606 consecutive patients who received radioembolization between July 2002 and December 2011 were collected by an independent research organization. Adverse events (AEs) and survival were compared across lines of treatment using Fisher's exact test and Kaplan-Meier estimates, respectively.
Results: Patients received a median of 2 (range, 0-6) lines of prior chemotherapy; 35.1% had limited extrahepatic metastases. Median tumor-to-liver ratio and -activity administered at first procedure were 15% and 1.17 GBq, respectively. Hospital stay was <24 hours in 97.8% cases. Common grade ≥3 AEs over 184 days follow-up were: abdominal pain (6.1%), fatigue (5.5%), hyperbilirubinemia (5.4%), ascites (3.6%) and gastrointestinal ulceration (1.7%). There was no statistical difference in AEs across treatment lines (P>0.05). Median survivals [95% confidence interval (CI)] following radioembolization as a 2nd-line, 3rd-line, or 4thplus line were 13.0 (range, 10.5-14.6), 9.0 (range, 7.8-11.0), and 8.1 (range, 6.4-9.3) months, respectively; and significantly prolonged in patients with ECOG 0 vs. ≥1 (P=0.009). Statistically significant independent variables for survival at radioembolization were: disease stage [extrahepatic metastases, extent of liver involvement (tumor-to-treated-liver ratio)], liver function (uncontrolled ascites, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase), leukocytes, and prior chemotherapy.
Conclusions: Radioembolization appears to have a favorable risk/benefit profile, even among mCRC patients who had received ≥3 prior lines of chemotherapy.


The launch of the first post-launch single-player downloadable content (DLC) for Mass Effect 3 (if you don't count the Extended Cut) is only days away. Today, EA released a launch trailer for the content that shows off a little of what players can expect in terms of story and setting.
In Leviathan, which is set during the events of Mass Effect 3, Shepard searches for a powerful weapon to battle the reapers. Shepard and crew will race across the galaxy, exploring new star systems and areas of the Citadel in search of the weapon. The origins of the reapers will be uncovered and, it appears, players will face an ancient reaper named Leviathan. Judging by the launch trailer below, the Leviathan DLC appears to be a dark, mysterious, action-packed side story for Mass Efffect 3.


Network marketing is the ordinary person's best opportunity to make extraordinary income. Well known author, Robert Kiyosaki, says that most ethical network marketing businesses are like business schools. They teach people the power of building their own home business, and provide the tools to support that. You must choose the right business for you. Then, work to attain success.
If you are currently in an organization that you do not believe in 110 per cent then find something else. If you are not excited to get up every day and grow your business, then find another business. If you do not believe in the products you sell and are not using them, then find another business opportunity. Once you know you have the best opportunity you will achieve.
You must have a Vision of where you want to be in 5 years time. You must have written goals and plans of how and when you will attain your vision. Read your goals and vision statement at least once a day. Have both long term and short term goals. Have timelines and plans for reaching these goals. Make them attainable, but not too simple. As you reach these goals you can celebrate success, then add more goals.
There are many distractions when working from home. Have a weekly meeting with yourself. Ask yourself if you have done all you could to grow your business. If you were your employer, would you have you back again next week?
Sometimes this means blind faith. Believe you will succeed and you will. Mark Hughes, the founder of my company. says 'fake it until you make it'. Act as if you are already well established and wealthy. Jim Rohn says that you need to work harder on yourself than you do on your business. Work on yourself, believe in yourself and you will reach your goal.
Care more about your customer and their satisfaction than you do about the money you make from them. Jim Rohn - Ameria's Foremost Business Philospher, says that if you make a sale you make an income, but if you have happy customers you make a fortune. Satisfied customers will re-order. They will be happy to give you referrals. Do small things to make your customers feel special. Send them a card on their birthday.
When you have your plan make sure you follow it. If your plan is to talk to 5 people a day and you only talk to 4, then commit to talking to 6 tomorrow. Have at least three lead generation methods in place and follow them. If you continue following your plan, day after day, you will succeed.
Delete negative thoughts from your mind. Make a commitment to yourself that you will never complain about other people. You are responsible for you. Don't blame others. Be affirming in your discussions with everyone. Only use positive language. Work toward having a reputation of a person who always sees the glass as being overflowing.
Don't become a victim of yourself. Never say "Poor Miserable Me"!!
When you have the right business opportunity for you the rewards are limitless. Set your sights on your vision. Be focused on getting there. Believe in yourself, your product, your customers and your team. Support them and you will reach your goals. Work on self-improvement and the rest will follow. Here is to our success in Network Marketing.
Rugged single-board computer for cyber security and networking applications introduced by ADL Military & Aerospace Electronicssingle-board computer for cyber security, networking, industrial, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
Is Software-Defined Networking Right for Your Small Business? BizTech MagazineFrom cost savings to personalization, SD-WAN has a lot to offer SMBs.
Airline & Life Networking Token (ALLN) Tops 1-Day Volume of $73,574.00 Finance DailyAirline & Life Networking Token (CURRENCY:ALLN) traded down 4.4% against the U.S. dollar during the 24 hour period ending at 13:00 PM ET on April 22nd.
Time Sensitive Networking for industrial systems: Why an ecosystem approach is needed Design World NetworkWith TSN's intelligence in the network, a system can become more automated and less dependent on human intervention and subsequent error.
Growth of Wireless Networking Market in Global Industry: Overview, Size and Share 2019-2024 Amazing NewspaperMarketresearchnest Reports adds "Global Wireless Networking Market Analysis 2013-2018 and Forecast 2019-2024" new report to its research database.
Free networking conference for biotechnology, pharmaceutical, medical research fields planned at Purdue Research Park Purdue News ServiceAkina Inc., a life sciences research company located in the Purdue Research Park, is planning a free scientific networking symposium in August.
Enterprise Networking Providers Weigh In On 5G And Wi-Fi ForbesAnalyst Will Townsend takes a look at several major enterprise networking providers and the future of 5G and Wi-Fi.
Netgear launches 4 new Wi-Fi 6 routers to speed home networking VentureBeatNetgear is introducing a family of four new routers that makes the migration to Wi-Fi 6 networking easy.
Ag Census: Female Farmers are Coming into Their Own—and Networking is Key to Their Success Civil EatsNew data shows more than a third of all U.S. producers are women, and many are supporting each other through in-person connections.
India networking market grew 33.8%, Cisco leads ETTelecom.comIndia networking market witnessed a 33.8 per cent year-over-year (YoY) growth in the fourth quarter of 2018, with Cisco dominating all three segments ..
How Networking Changes (For The Better) When You Become A Lawyer Mom Above the LawBeing a lawyer and a mom is tough, but being part of the lawyer mom network could be the best thing to ever happen to your career.
On Earth Day, Digital Networks Turn Global Commerce A Brighter Shade Of Green ForbesWhen Earth Day was first celebrated in 1970, its organizers envisioned a future where the nations of the world would band together to protect the environment.
How the Founder of Boxed Raised $50 Million Through Networking Inc.comBoxed co-founder and CEO, Chieh Huang, explains how he introduces himself to new people while networking, and how it's led to lots of capital.
Bad security hygiene still a major risk for enterprise IT networks Help Net SecurityUnpatched vulnerabilities, along with network and app complexity pose an ongoing security risk which could threaten the security of enterprise IT networks.
Edge Data Center Market in Networking Equipment Segment is Anticipated to Witness Steady Growth Over the Coming Years Technology MagazineThe edge data center market is witnessing a growth due to the increased adoption of these facilities in harsh environmental conditions such as bad weather.
Is virtual reality the future of social networking? The SociableHere's a look at where social networking in virtual reality began and where it's headed.
Sri Lanka Blocks Social Media, Fearing More Violence The New York TimesSri Lankan officials have a troubled relationship with social media. They have seen firsthand how quickly online hate can turn into deadly violence.
5G security: Europe worries about backdoors into its networks ZDNetEurope wants tighter security around 5G networks. But if the US was hoping for a ban on Huawei, it will be disappointed.
Palo Alto Networks: A Growth Leader In Cybersecurity Seeking AlphaPalo Alto Networks is a growth leader in the exciting cybersecurity industry. Acquisitions and cross-selling are major growth engines for the company. Palo Alto.
Palo Alto Networks, Atos Take Top Google Cloud Partner of the Year Awards CRNGoogle Cloud names its partners of the year at Next '19, with SADA Systems, Deloitte, Palo Alto Networks, Atos, Dropbox and Accenture taking top honors.
Beware 5G misinformation: What you need to know about the new network AZCentralAn unfortunate part of new technology rollouts is often hype and misinformation. Here's what you need to know about 5G.
Google Cloud announces Traffic Director, a networking management tool for service mesh TechCrunchWith each new set of technologies comes a new set of terms. In the containerized world, applications are broken down into discrete pieces or micro services.
AGC Networks Australia changes leadership again ARNnetAGC Networks vice president of sales and Australian country manager Sorin Harpa has left the solutions integrator after spending nine months in the role.
CloudGenix raises $65 million for software-defined networking products VentureBeatSan Jose, California-based software-defined wide area networks (SD-WANs) provider CloudGenix has raised $65 million in venture capital.


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Tissot Adds Nine Watches to the PRX Collection – PRX 35mm, PRX Chrono and PRX in Steel and Gold
Ricardo Amaral NEW RELEASES, TISSOT 0
Two weeks ago we anticipated the announcement of the arrival of the new Tissot PRX in 35mm with five new models which you can read about here, and today we confirm this news through the official announcement of the Swiss watchmaker.
Along with the five new Tissot PRX in 35mm diameter, two other novelties also arrive, first two new variants of the Tissot PRX Powermatic in steel and 18k pink gold and two, unexpected, Tissot PRX Chronographs.
Starting with the five new Tissot PRX 35mm, there is little to add to what we had already written a couple of weeks ago, with four variants in stainless steel and sunburst dials in green, ice blue, blue and silver, this last with gold accents, and an additional variant in steel with a PVD gold with a matching dial. The five variants come with quartz movement and should be available from March 2022, with prices not yet announced but which we believe should be around €340 and €450.
As for the two new Tissot PRX Powermatic variants, they feature satin-finished steel cases and 18k pink gold fluted bezels.
It is in the tone of the dial that the two variants are distinguished, featuring a sunburst brown or a sunburst blue dial. Both dials feature gilt accents, with applied hour markers, hands, date window frame and applied brand logo followed by "1853" at 12 o'clock and "PRX" at 6 o'clock in gold.
Inside, like the other variants, it is powered by the reliable Caliber Powermatic 80 which offers an interesting 80 hours of power reserve. It is in the price that we feel the weight of gold, with prices starting at €1,995, which are almost triple the price of the steel versions of the Tissot PRX Powermatic.
Lastly, but not least, there is perhaps the most exciting novelty in the still short history of the contemporary Tissot PRX, two chronograph variants, one with a blue dial featuring a vertical striped pattern and three white counters and the other featuring a white dial with black counters (known as the Panda dial) and which come with gold accents.
Not everything is rosy, and that's why perhaps the biggest thorn in this watch's side is the 42mm diameter case that it features.
Inside it operates the Valjoux A05.H31 movement that offers up to 60 hours of power reserve. The chronographs hit the market in March 2022 and so far no prices are known.
Contrary to what we had announced, Tissot has not yet announced the leather straps for the PRX model, however, they have announced that all new models will come equipped with interchangeable system bracelets, which are expected to be new soon.
The arrival of the PRX 35mm version has been long-awaited and when brands listen to their audience we can only applaud, we have no doubt that it will add a new chapter to the Tissot PRX success story.
Regarding the two new variants in steel and in 18k pink gold with a fluted bezel, it seems to us to be a very interesting move, but the same cannot be said for the price, about which we have great reservations.
We certainly liked the two chronograph variants, we have to say that for us it was unexpected and therefore a happy surprise, but the 42mm case will probably leave out many enthusiasts, considering that the 40mm watch version was already too wide on many wrists.
Finally, to say that we are very excited about what Tissot has in store for the future of PRX.
Four New Seiko Prospex 'The Black Series' Tissot Expands its Seastar Collection

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We'd love to hear your feedback and celebrate the success of the 'new' Tyndale so far!
Dear Parents/Carers,
As we are nearing the end of the term and what has been a very successful start to the academic year, we would like to take this opportunity to thank you for all of the support we've received from you so far. We are very proud of our pupils, who have risen to the high expectations we've set for their learning, behaviour and uniform and are already noticing a rapid change in their attitudes.
Whilst we're often communicating with you on social media, our new website, via the office, on the gates and through newsletters to ensure we're fully supporting your families and your children to feel happy and safe in school, we would like to also request some formalised feedback. We would like to use this feedback to celebrate the success of our school so far and use it to further improve the school in order to ensure we are fully meeting the needs of our pupils and parents/carers.
We'd really appreciate your feedback, so we'd be grateful if you could return the slip that's gone out to all parents today to us Tuesday 22nd October.
Or alternatively, you could respond to the questions below by sending us a Facebook message by clicking the link to our official Facebook page in the top right corner of this page.
Mrs K Borrill
Questions we'd love answers to are:
1) What changes have you seen to the school since September that you'd like to celebrate?
2) Is there anything we can do further to support your child's education?


My morning started with a quick trot down town to get breakfast. If I wasn't in Andalusia you would wonder why I would tell you. Hills! Always hills. So, took about 10-15′ to get down. Rapid breakfast so I could back and be ready to meet the tour guide, Javi.
He, and a friend of his, took the 3 of us around the town last night. No, not a wild tour but old hermitas (small chapels), a bit of roman something and an impressive roman mausoleum. The piece de resistable was the cemetery. Out of fairness, we went to its chapel but it was shut. Oh, and then a spring that obviously has a lot of iron in the water.
Getting home from that tour was such a relief. A nice albergue.
So, meeting Javi at 08:30 this morning was always going to be a mixed blessing. He is a very immature young guy, very awkward around me. Thankfully we were meeting B and M in Finaña. They'd walked the 8km there.
What we visited made being with Javi and his two friends (yes, another appeared) bearable. Wow!
The aljibe (water cistern) was huge, about 1,000 years old. Huge!
The remaining bits of the Arab/Moorish castle, really interesting.
And looking down on the town of Finaña from above, spectacular. Steep. Yes.
It's a beautiful little town with an underdeveloped awareness of its heritage. Hence our private visit to things that need some control like the wonderful old Arab building. Its floor, over 1,000 years old and just uncovered, won't last long without some better protection.
I don't know who reads this blog but if you walk: Camino Mozarabe from Almeria to Granada is the best. Well, I'm assuming the rest of this walk will be as good as it has been so far. This is a place very worth visiting. If you don't walk, come anyway: hire a car, catch buses or whatever.
The people here are friendlier than in many other rural places. Very interesting. Not so cynical about tourists or walkers. Would I come back? Yes!
The walk: great. Lots of river bed through yet different terrain.
The most amazing sight! In the river bed between towns, a man with two muzzled goats!
Muzzled goats! Why became obvious!
It was the only way he could get the, anywhere! Ignore the poles shown beside the goats!
Again, friendly people helped me find the city office. Then I had to get the albergue keys. Where were my caballeros? I'd left Finana before them so I knew they were behind.
Got the key, left my stuff on a bed and went searching. Did you guess where? Yes, the closest bar. Well, actually, I rang and the lovely Benedicto was waiting outside waving his arms so I'd find him. We've been here for hours now. Tapas after tapas. Them, beer, and me, coke light. Oh, and wifi!!


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Who Speaks For Today's Physicians?
Sidney Weissman, MD
Who speaks for doctors these days? The answer was simple 100 years ago. The AMA spoke for the nation's physicians and concurrently spoke to the nation's desire for quality healthcare. . . .Today, fewer than 20% of physicians are AMA members.
Who speaks for doctors these days? The answer was simple 100 years ago. The AMA spoke for the nation's physicians and concurrently spoke to the nation's desire for quality healthcare. In 1908 the AMA's Council of Medical Education proposed guidelines for what became the Flexner Report in 1910. The Flexner report served as the model for American and Canadian medical education for a century. It also placed the AMA in the forefront of healthcare and made the AMA the premier speaker for our nation's physicians.
Much has changed.
The AMA's position in health care has been radically altered. While the AMA refers to itself as the "House of Medicine," its power and scope have been reduced from that of a "mansion" to a "bungalow." Here, I review those forces and choices in the past century that have lead to a redistribution of power between medical professional associations and societies, numerous healthcare enterprises (including insurance companies and hospitals), and various branches of federal and state government and practitioners. I also propose responses to the new and rapidly changing medical landscape to ensure that physician practitioners have appropriate input.
In the years following publication of the Flexner Report, the AMA proposed and assisted in implementing a number of actions that have had a major impact on the focus, organization, and practice of medicine. These included support for the establishment of these agencies (among others):
•The Federation of State Licensing Boards (FSLB)
•The American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS)
•The Liaison Committee for Medical Education (LCME)
•The Liaison Committee for Graduate Medical Education (LCGME), which subsequently became the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME).
In Washington, the AMA was seen as a powerful advocate for its physician members and powerful determiner of healthcare policy.
Diverse forces have led to the decline in AMA authority to speak for the profession. They include the growth of specialization, which has led to an erosion of its members. In political discussions about healthcare, a war chest for lobbying and members equals power. The AMA has seen reductions in both. With the growth of specialization, individual physicians began to choose between belonging to medical specialty societies or the AMA and its affiliate state medical societies.
AMA membership peaked in 1960; at that time, 74.5% of physicians were members.1 Today, fewer than 20% of physicians are AMA members. In contrast 60% of psychiatrists in the US are members of the American Psychiatric Society.
Although the AMA has no direct role in the governance of medical specialty societies, it maintains a connection to these societies through its House of Delegates. These societies may send voting delegates to the AMA House of Delegates. In recent years medical specialty society membership has also declined. These societies now face competition from subspecialty societies. Additionally young physicians are less likely to belong to professional organizations than their more senior colleagues.
The AMA once played a central role in developing and implementing policy in many of the organizations it created. Today its role in these and other medical organizations is either reduced or inconsequential. More importantly, its Boards and Councils have become essentially self-perpetuating and have limited or no direct input from organizations that represent practitioners. This absence of diverse broad-based input from practitioners may adversely effect the decision making of these Boards. For example the ABMS developed Maintenance of Certification (MOC) polices both to assess and promulgate activities to maintain physician competence. Some assert that these policies do neither and thus not only do not aid physicians but also may also fail to serve the needs of society.2
Concurrent with these changes in medicine's self-governance is the expansion of government involvement at the local, state, and federal levels in healthcare as manifested in Medicare and Medicaid, the National Institutes of Health, the FDA, as well as other federal government agencies. The federal government is now the major source of funding and policy determination for American healthcare. The recent passage of the Accountable Care Act has further involved the federal government in the direction of health care. These changes have occurred as the AMA's power at the national level has declined.
In dealing with the federal government the AMA has obtained mixed results. In a number of areas, such as the development and maintenance of CPT codes, the AMA has retained a significant interest. After having opposed federal initiatives from social security to Medicare, the AMA supported key aspects of healthcare reform. This effectively gave the AMA a place at the healthcare policy table along with a number of other healthcare players.
But its place is now significantly reduced as it deals with growing federal involvement in all areas of healthcare practice as other major players in healthcare such as the American Hospital Association, the insurance lobby and others exercise their political power. Yet on the federal level and in issues that engage federal agencies and federal legislation, it is likely even with its reduced influence, decision makers believe the AMA still speaks for today's doctors.
Because of its reduced influence and with growing incursions on medical practice, physicians must ask what organizations now speak for us. Specialty medical associations do, though on broad legislative and regulatory issues they have had limited power. On special issues related to their specialty, however, they can assert authority and bring about change. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) did this in fighting for and in obtaining mental health parity legislation.
The most critical role for medical specialty associations may be to represent their members in areas where our society allows the profession to establish its own rules. These include areas of medical education and in Board Certification. Medical specialty societies must address the American Board of Medical Specialties to ensure that the ABMS standards of initial certification and Maintenance of Certification meaningfully address physician competence.
Specialty societies must also ensure that the procedures for maintenance of certification relate to the actual practice of medicine. In residency education, these societies must ensure that training program standards prepare residents for actual practice of medicine in their specialty. This will require a more active involvement by these societies in establishing professional educational training standards. These initiatives by specialty societies relate to physician professional self-governance.
To make these boards and councils that relate to the practice of medicine more effective, I propose that the members of the Boards or councils must spend between 25% to 50% of their time in clinical practice. If you do not practice, how can you know what the issues are in contemporary medical practice?
These needed reforms will allow practitioners to assert an active role in professional self-governance. The reforms would aid in ensuring the competence of practitioners and our service to society. But these essential actions may be of limited impact on physicians and healthcare as our nation struggles to develop major fiscal reform. Reform of funding our nation's healthcare and social support systems is likely to occur in the coming years.
The US cannot continue to rely on China to buy our bonds to fund critical federal programs. We also cannot afford to spend nearly twice as much to fund our healthcare system as do other industrialized countries without evidence of discernable better healthcare outcomes.
In Washington every medical or healthcare group as well as every interest group has hired the best lobbyists they can afford to urge the government to accept their vision of the future. For practitioners to have a say in what will be the political equivalent of a street brawl, all physician groups must first coalesce and then develop a mutually agreed on plan for reforming healthcare in US. This plan must be presented to society at large and to the administration and congress. To paraphrase Benjamin Franklin. . . if physicians do not hang together at this stage of negotiations, we shall assuredly all hang separately as others take change of healthcare reform.
This is a critical time for American Medicine. The reforms that will occur will shape healthcare and medical practice for decades. We must ask our leaders to lead and represent us.
References1. American Medical Association Archives. Physician Membership, Chicago: American Medical Association. 2009.
2. Weissman S. Does maintenance of certification ensure maintenance of competency? Psychiatric Times. 2011. http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/display/article/10168/1773715.


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Examining Americans' views on religious freedom and its limits
Majorities support the right to practice any or no religion without government restriction, but many Americans think some groups face threats to these freedoms today.
While a majority of Americans value freedom of religion and want to see the government protecting it, the public as a whole has mixed views about what constitutes a violation of religious freedom, according to a new study by The AP-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research and UChicago Divinity School.
The survey—conducted in February 2020 before the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States—reveals widespread support for the right to practice any or no religion without government restriction and that the government should not favor one religion over another. But, majorities often do not see government action as a violation of religious freedom when presented with different scenarios where government policy conflicts with the religious beliefs of individuals. The public is far from unified in what they see as violations of freedom of religion, with differences in attitudes based on the religious views of the respondent.
The survey also finds that Americans think some groups—particularly Muslims and Jews—face threats to their freedom of religion in the United States today. And Americans express more positive than negative views of religious groups like Buddhists, Jews, Catholics, Evangelical Christians, and other Christians, while they express more negative views about Muslims and atheists. These attitudes vary based on the religious views of the respondent. Additionally, a survey-based experiment reveals that actions taken in the name of religious freedom are judged differently depending on the religion of the actor.
The nationwide poll was conducted February 13-16, 2020, using the AmeriSpeak Panel®, the probability-based panel of NORC at the University of Chicago. Online and telephone interviews using landlines and cell phones were conducted with 1,015 adults. The margin of sample error is +/- 4.2 percentage points.
AP-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research. (August 2020). "Examining Americans' Views on Religious Freedom and Its Limits" [https://apnorc.org/projects/examining-americans-views-on-religious-freedom-and-its-limits/]
UChicago Divinity School/AP-NORC Poll: Americans Value Religious Freedom but Disagree on Which Groups' Religious Freedom Is Under Threat
Religious freedom in America: popular and polarizing
By Elana Schor and Hannah Fingerhut | The Associated Press August 5, 2020 WASHINGTON (AP) — The principle of religious freedom is important to most Americans. But as President Donald…
David Nirenberg
nirenberg@uchicago.edu
How Faith Shapes Feelings About the Coronavirus Outbreak
Religious Practice in the Time of Coronavirus


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Bo Brinkman
Augmented reality, computer ethics, algorithms, games
SIGCSE16: Applying the Communal Goal Congruity Perspective to Enhance Diversity and Inclusion in Undergraduate Computing Degrees
We summarize research on the "communal goal congruity" perspective, describe how we used these insights to design a scholarship program, and present initial …
Using Rationale to Assist Student Cognitive and Intellectual Development
Book chapter in Creativity and Rationale, co-authored with Dr. Janet Burge. Originally appeared in the journal Human Technology.
An Analysis of Student Privacy Rights in the Use of Plagiarism Detection Systems
In Science and Engineering Ethics. Was also presented at APPE 2009, where it won a "best paper by early career faculty" award.
The Heart of a Whistle-blower
A game for teaching corporate decision-making and whistle-blowing, game mechanics inspired by Mafia. An article about it was published in SIGCSE 2009. …
Vertex cuts, random walks, and dimension reduction in series-parallel graphs
Paper in STOC 2007, joint work with James R. Lee and Adriana Karagiazova.
On the impossibility of dimension reduction in L1
Published in the Journal of the. Prior versions include my dissertation, and a version at FOCS 2003, which won the best paper …
A Randomized Online Algorithm for Bandwidth Utilization
Joint work with Sanjeev Arora. Published in the Journal of Scheduling, originally appeared at SODA 2002.
© 2020 Bo Brinkman


According to Cerulli's Asia research director, Yoon Ng who is currently based in Singapore, this growth is expected to be more than it was recorded in the year 2014. He also said that for the year 2014 the growth was recorded to be around 13.7%. He believes that the Infrastructure investments trend is also getting very popular in the Chinese market where regulators have allowed investments in derivatives and trust products.
Showing his expectations for the year 2015, he also said that he believes that the overall growth of all the top Asian markets will be somewhere around the 14% mark. He expects that the investable assets will reach the amount of 3.5 trillion USD.
Another senior analyst, Manuelita Contreras who works with Cerulli and was leading this report said that there will be a noticeable increment in the separate account assets. However, he does not expect any demand for products related to worldwide life insurance in the coming decade in the Chinese market.
Along with these countries, Taiwan and Korea will also maintain their role as the chief drivers of the growth of investable assets in the Asian region in the coming few years.
The Korean market will also observe a huge progress in the year 2015 as compared to the previous years, especially in comparison with the year 2013.
On the other hand, Taiwan will also maintain its stable progress in investable assets, a good number of it is expected to originate from the general accounts, at approximately 11%. Similar progress will be observed in Singapore. In Singapore, Cerulli expects a progressively elevated yearly growth in the next few years which, in the year 2018 will reach at 9.4%.
The report also said that due to all these changes in the solvency systems in numerous markets in Asia, it is expected that it will push the capital requirements to go higher. However, the alternative asset investments may go down a little as a result of which a reasonable number of life insurers may hold back their share to these assets.


The absolute which cloths itself in the attributes of Sat-Chit Ananda and which is the cause of all creation the dissolution manifests itself in human form to satisfy the desire of the devotee. This concept forms the core of the Bhakti Marga. In whatever form the Supreme manifests itself, through such form He satisfied all that the devotee craves for.
The word Bhakthi is derived from the root "Bhaj' competed with the suffix of 'kti' expressing action. In the words of Vallabhacharya, Bhakthi with this word composition implies service with love. The Sandilya Bhakthi Sutra defines Bhakti as "infinite attachment to God". To Ramanuja meditation Dhyana) and devotion (Bhakthi) were interchangeable. In his commentary on The Brahma Sutra, Ramanuja states that meditation which is steady remembrance "as if like a flow of Oil" is designated y the word devotion (Bhakthi) thus equating single minded continuous uninterrupted and steady remembrance of the Divine as Bhakthi. Ramanuja attributes to Bhakthi a special kind of knowledge which excludes everything not done for the sake of the Divine. This view however was subtly altered by Vedanta Desika the later day exponent of Ramanuja's teaching according to whom Bhakthi was pure joy in the experience of the adorable and not merely knowledge.
Madhava conceived of Bhakthi as practically synonymous with Jnana. To Madhava, Bhakthi was a particular form of Jnana and through Bhakthi one attained Jnana which again would pave the way for Bhakthi from which ultimately emerges Mukti (Anuvykhjana – Madhava's Teachings In His Own Words; by B.N.K.Sharma). Madhva however made it clear that Bhakthi was the ultimate element which perfected the soul.
It is possible that in the Narada Bhakthi Sutra which is now universally accepted as the most comprehensive and all embracing definition of Bhakthi was written to harmonise the several definitions of Bhakthi which though in essence indicated the same element of Divine love varied subtly but clearly and perceptibly from each other.
Some commentators trace the roots of Bhakthi back to the Rig Veda. In the hymna of the Rig-Veda, Indra is praised as the divine bestower of gifts, whom the love of the seeker in the form of his inner most thoughts, embraces like "wives embrace their husbands" (Rg.D.43.1). Some scholars argue that Bhakthi in its present form was alien to the tenor of the Rig Veda. But in any view of the matter, the germ of Bhakthi was borne in the Rig Veda which later flourished into its later form. In the Upanishads, the concepts of Bhakthi, later developed to perfection by the Vaishnavas appears to have beenrevealed in brilliant but veiled glimpses. The theme that the Atman cannot be obtained either by the intellect or by learning, but only by whole hearted and single minded devotion to the Supreme, constantly echoes throughout, the Upanishads, The swetasvetara Upanishad concludes on the note of total devotion to the Guru and for God. What was thus hinted at but never directly expoused as a concrete path to self realisaiton however was fully expounded in the Bhagawad Geetha for the first time as a path. The term 'Yoga' which indicated a well defined system attended with its own discipline, was perhaps attached for the first time to the concept of Bhakthi in the Bhagawad Gita, the crystallized essence of the Upanishads.
Even if the vilest sinner worships me with exclusive devotion, he should be considered a saint; for he was rightly resolved.
Speedily he becomes virtuous and secures lasting peace. Know it for certain, Arjuna, that My devotee never falls.
Bhagavad Gita Chapter IX St. 30, 31.
Perhaps the entire concept of Bhakthi as it is understood today can be gleaned from the Bhagawad Gita and the Bhagavata.
Bhakthi has several perceivable stages. The lowest stage of Bhakti is called ' Sadharana Bhakti' and this means mere conformity with what is commonly accepted by the community as religious. This may include elaborate ritualism celebration of religious festivals and observing other such trappings of formalized and conventional religion oriented behaviour. In this type of Bhakti, which regrettably is accepted by the majority as synonymous with being religious, there is very little of the inner spiritual urge or deep stirring feeling and invariably this type of Bhakthi easily backslides into intolerance superstition and fanaticism.
1. Sravanam : Hearing about the glory of God.
2. Keerthanam: Chanting of the name.
3. Smaranam : Continuous remembrance of the Lord.
4. Padasevanam: Service of the Divine Feet.
5. Archanam : Worshipping the Lord in the form of Symbols.
6. Vandanam : Paying obeisance to the Lord.
7. Dasyam : Being the servant of the Lord.
8. Sakhyam : Treating the Lord as an intimate friend.
9. Atmamvedanam: Total surrender to the Lord.
The pitfalls at this stage are also many. These disciplines stimulate the love of God. But in their absence very often the mind relapses into worldness. But at the later stages the practice of these disciplines may be become unnecessary and the mind slowly develops a natural inclination towards the Divine in any of its aspects. When this constant dwelling on the Divine takes an impersonal intellectual tone, characterized by a desire to merge into the Absolute, this stage is referred to as Rati or Jnanabhakti. But when due to either the type of Sadhana performed or the highly emotional nature of the sadhak, the mind develops a personal intense love of the all perfect Divine person, this type Bhakti is called Preeethibhakti. It is the divine ambrosia of this Prethibhakti that is immortalized in our tradition by Chaitanya, Meera, Tulsidas, Surdas and Meppathur Narayana Bhattathiri. It is only to one who is established in this personal relationship that the Lord reveals his nature of Bliss.
Bhakti according to the Acharyas of the Bengal School is a manifestation of Bliss which is Gods' own inherent nature and His energy (Shakti). It is the power through which God who is the embodiment of Bliss, experience His own Bliss and at the same time makes such Bliss experiencable by other Jivas. It is impossible to taste this Divine Bliss except through the medium of the Jiva. The Divine seeks the experience of His Own attribute of Bliss through his devotees with whom he sports in eternal and unending leela. This perennial play between the divine and the devoted is not in any mythical Brindavan or Vaikunda, but in the inner most recesses of a pure heart.
The Bengal School conceives of Radha as the purest image of Divine Love. Since it is not possible for the object (The Lord – Divine and all perfect) to fully experience the image, (the devotee chaste and pure and God intoxicated) the object itself became the image. Thus according to the Masters of the Bengal School, the Lord, who while he remained the Lord, could not totally take up the role of the devotee, re-incarnated and took up the supremely divine image of Sree Chaitanya Maha Prabhu. Thus what could not be tasted, by him when he was Krishna sporting with Radha was enjoyed by him when he manifested himself as Chatanya Mahaprabhu who defined Bhakti in a manner never attempted prior to, or thereafter. In Chaitanya's glorious ecstasy lies the key to an understanding of the Bhakti Path. Chaitanya was thus considered to be a manifestation of God himself. His weapon was his impassioned out pouring of love in the form of ecstatic singing and dancing to the name of the Lord.
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu did not explain his concept of Bhakti nor did he writs anything. He appeared like a star during the dark night of Hinduism in the 15th century when Bharath was in the throes of Muslim persecution. Using the invincible weapon of Namasankeerthan Chaitanya gave a new orientation to the Hindu creed and restored the Bhakti movement, freeing Hinduism from the shackles of ingrown and insular intellectualism. He also eradicated the last traces of debased Buddhism which grew like a fungus on the decaying body of Hinduism at that age. Mahaprabhu Chaitanya caused a vast tidal wave of renaissance which swept away out mooded creeds and out landish symbols which were choking the life breath of the Hindu faith. To this day the ecstasy of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu manifests itself in the heart throb of the Hare Krishna movement which is creating a revolution of sorts throughout the world.
To Tulsidas God was his master. Sree Ramachandra whose Divine life he immortalized in chaste and simple Hindi, in at least twelve immortal compositions, was to him the only power to whom he would bow his head. Tulasidas was revered as the incarnation of Valmiki, re-incarnated to living to the common man the nectar of the Ramayana in his own language.
Tulasidas emerged on the Indian scene when the culture of Arsha Bharath was being threatened from all sides by powerful proselytizing religions which threatened our faith, our traditions and our very day of life. He blended Bhakti with action, and with this amalgam, his invocation of the name of Rama became a rallying point for a dispirited and demoralized people of this country. Tulasidas made Bhakti relevant to society , by the idealization of fundamental human values, far removed from the madhura-rasa of the other Vaishnavite creeds.
The Ramayana and the Ramacharithamanasa are the crystalisation of his love for the Divine prince of Ayodhya. Tulsidas was so immersed in the Rama form that once while at Brindavan on visiting a temple where Krishna was installed he wrote.
The Bhakti of Meera, the lovely Princes of Rajputana is beguilingly part of our history, as or the saga of Indian spirituality. Meera's love for Krishna was that of a devoted wife. In her passionate poetic outpourings she treated Krishna as her lover and pined for Him unable to bear even a moment of separation from his form. The agony of the gopis of Brindavan yearning for Krishna in his absence is exquisitely woven into the Meera experience. To her love was the only Sadhana. The poetry of Meera is perhaps the most exquisite expression of human love for an almost intensely Human divinity. To Meera her beloved Giridhari was not the creator or sustainer of the universe but her own personal lover and eternal companion with whom she sported here in this earth. For him she braved all the tortures that were inflicted on her. In Meera the concept of the Divine is not one of power and grandeur, but of beauty, very much of this world. Ultimately Meera realizes that her beloved can never leave her as He is part of herself, duality attaining monoism in this mystic union. Miras devotion was expressed in the idiom of an intensely personal love, and in words which related to every day life. Little wonder then that her poems were set to music and sung as if set to the percussion of the heartbeat.
But what is relevant in these aspects of Bhakti is the fact that to Chaitanya Surdas Tulasidas and Meera, Bhakti was a powerful instrument of renaissance. It was during the long dark night of intellectual stagnation, intercene strife and threat of annihilation from the ruthless assaults of conquering faiths that the power of Bhakti burst forth through these unique souls to regenerate rehabilitate and restore the glory of Hinduism in this ancient land.
To the rationalist or the intellectual, the Bhakti Marga may seem embarrassingly emotional, and unnecessarily demonstrative. But the objective historian will immediately recognize the vitality and the creativity of the Bhakti creed which has seen the Hindus through centuries of ruthless and inhuman oppression. It can be said without hesitation that this unique blend of faith and mystique has saved the culture of India from being utterly wiped out, as it has happened in China, where westernisation resulted in the total destruction of the existing ancient culture, which was subsequently replaced by Communism, which is basically a western concept.
And in Sree Ramakrishna Paramahamsa when the culture of Bharat faced what was perhaps its most serious threat from a combined assault on the religion, values, language and way of life, there emerged once again the glory of Bhakthi charging the youth of India through Naren who became Vivekananda.
Ramakrishna reconciled Bhakthi with Jnana and in his life demonstrated this perfect Fusion. Vivekananda drew from his Master this unique amalgam and manifested it in his own vibrant interpretation of Karma Yoga to galvanize the youth of this ancient land which was reeling under the onslaught of a ruthless and systematically mounted offensive to obliterate the religion, culture and language of Arsha Bharath.
It was Aurobindo who visualized the mysticism of Bhakthi disassociated from rationalism into active politics. Aurobindo's trajectory through political India was brief but brilliant. During the span of less than half a decade he unalterably changed the tone, temper and texture of politics in India.
pay the price which the Mother demands.
by the fullness of the purse, not by policy.
The subterranean flow of Bhakthi was thus tapped by Aurobindo, and in its outpouring the Divine Mother came to represent Mother India. The political Bhakthi of Aurobindo express itself in an almost physical delight in the feel of the soil of Bharat, her flowing rivers her ocean washed feet and snowcapped brow. He infused into politics passionate emotional love for the past, and intense pain at the degradation of the present and the glory and promise of the future. In emphasizing the Motherhood of God and raising the country to this high pedestral, he made political strife for independence the greatest and the most glorious, sadhana.
must wait for the man who is to come.


ERISA does not authorize suits for money damages against nonfiduciaries who knowingly participate in a fiduciary's breach of fiduciary duty.
et seq., is liable for losses that an employee benefit plan suffers as a result of the breach.
According to the complaint, the allegations of which we take as true, petitioners represent a class of former employees of the Kaiser Steel Corporation (Kaiser) who participated in the Kaiser Steel Retirement Plan, a qualified pension plan under ERISA. Respondent was the plan's actuary in 1980, when Kaiser began to phase out its steelmaking operations, prompting early retirement by a large number of plan participants. Respondent did not, however, change the plan's actuarial assumptions to reflect the additional costs imposed by the retirements. As a result, Kaiser did not adequately fund the plan, and eventually the plan's assets became insufficient to satisfy its benefit obligations, causing the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) to terminate the plan pursuant to 29 U. S. C. § 1341. Petitioners now receive only the benefits guaranteed by ERISA, see § 1322, which are in general substantially lower than the fully vested pensions due them under the plan.
1 The complaint also named as defendants the plan and the PBGC, in its capacity as the plan's statutory trustee. The District Court's dismissal of these defendants was not appealed, nor was its dismissal of the PBGC's cross-claim demanding that any recovery by petitioners be paid to it.
Petitioners sought certiorari only on the question whether ERISA authorizes suits for money damages against nonfiduciaries who knowingly participate in a fiduciary's breach of fiduciary duty. We agreed to hear the case. 506 U. S. 812 (1992).
2 Petitioners also claimed that respondent's activities constituted a party-in-interest transaction prohibited by ERISA and professional malpractice under state law. The District Court's dismissal of the former claim was not appealed, but the Court of Appeals reversed the dismissal of the pendent claim on state-law grounds. Petitioners also sought declaratory and injunctive relief, which the District Court deemed irrelevant, given that the plan had been terminated and with it respondent's position as the plan's actuary. The Court of Appeals did not address this point.
"(6) by the Secretary to collect any civil penalty under subsection (c)(2) or (i) or (l) of this section." 29 U. S. C. § 1132(a) (1988 ed. and Supp. III).
allows the Secretary of Labor or any plan beneficiary, participant, or fiduciary to bring a civil action "for appropriate relief under section ."
"(A) to enjoin any act or practice which violates any provision of [ERISA] or the terms of the plan, or (B) to obtain other appropriate equitable relief (i) to redress such violations or (ii) to enforce any provisions of [ERISA] or the terms of the plan .... "
See also § 502(a)(5), 29 U. S. C. § 1132(a)(5) (providing, in similar language, for civil suits by the Secretary based upon violation of ERISA provisions). Petitioners contend that requiring respondent to make the Kaiser plan whole for the losses resulting from its alleged knowing participation in the breach of fiduciary duty by the Kaiser plan's fiduciaries would constitute "other appropriate equitable relief" within the meaning of § 502(a)(3).
4 For example, a person who provides services to a plan is a "party in interest," 29 U. S. C. § l002(14)(B), and may not offer his services or engage in certain other transactions with the plan, § l106(a), for more than reasonable compensation, § l108(b)(2). See also § l023(d)(8) (annual reports must include certification by enrolled actuary); § l082(c)(3) (minimum funding standards for plan to be based on "reasonable" actuarial assumptions).
Petitioners maintain that the object of their suit is "appropriate equitable relief" under § 502(a)(3) (emphasis added). They do not, however, seek a remedy traditionally viewed as "equitable," such as injunction or restitution. (The Court of Appeals held that restitution was unavailable, see 948 F.2d, at 612, and petitioners have not challenged that.) Although they often dance around the word, what petitioners in fact seek is nothing other than compensatory damages-monetary relief for all losses their plan sustained as a result of the alleged breach of fiduciary duties. Money damages are, of course, the classic form of legal relief. Curtis v. Loether, 415 U. S. 189, 196 (1974); Teamsters v. Terry, 494 U. S. 558, 570-571 (1990); D. Dobbs, Remedies § 1.1, p. 3 (1973). And though we have never interpreted the precise phrase "other appropriate equitable relief," we have construed the similar language of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (before its 1991 amendments)-"any other equitable relief as the court deems appropriate," 42 U. S. C. § 2000e-5(g)-to preclude "awards for compensatory or punitive damages." United States v. Burke, 504 U. S. 229, 238 (1992).
5 The dissent expresses its certitude that "the statute clearly does not bar such a suit." Post, at 265, n. 1. That, of course, is not the issue. The issue is whether the statute affirmatively authorizes such a suit. To meet that requirement, it is not enough to observe that "trust beneficiaries clearly had such a remedy [against nonfiduciaries who actively assist in the fiduciary's breach] at common law." Ibid. They had such a remedy because nonfiduciaries had a duty to the beneficiaries not to assist in the fiduciary's breach. A similar duty is set forth in ERISA; but as we have noted, only some common-law "nonfiduciaries" are made subject to it, namely, those who fall within ERISA's artificial definition of "fiduciary."
resembles an action at law for damages," the Solicitor General suggests, "such relief traditionally has been obtained in courts of equity" and therefore "is, by definition, 'equitable relief.'" Brief for United States as Amicus Curiae 13-14. It is true that, at common law, the courts of equity had exclusive jurisdiction over virtually all actions by beneficiaries for breach of trust. See Lessee of Smith v. McCann, 24 How. 398, 407 (1861); 3 Scott & Fratcher § 197, p. 188.6 It is also true that money damages were available in those courts against the trustee, see United States v. Mitchell, 463 U. S. 206, 226 (1983); G. Bogert & G. Bogert, Law of Trusts and Trustees § 701, p. 198 (rev. 2d ed. 1982) (hereinafter Bogert & Bogert), and against third persons who knowingly participated in the trustee's breach, see Seminole Nation v. United States, 316 U. S. 286, 296-297 (1942); Scott, Participation in a Breach of Trust, 34 Harv. L. Rev. 454 (1921).
6 The only exceptions were actions at law to obtain payment of money or transfer of chattels immediately and unconditionally due the beneficiary, see 3 Scott & Fratcher § 198-and even then the courts were divided over whether equivalent actions could also be brought in equity, see id., § 198.3.
ing becomes, perhaps, increasingly unlikely; but it remains a question of interpretation in each case which meaning is intended.
7 The dissent argues that it would limit the relief by rendering punitive damages unavailable. Post, at 270-272. The notion that concern about punitive damages motivated Congress is a classic example of projecting current attitudes upon the helpless past. Unlike the availability of money damages, which always has been a central concern of courts and legislatures in fashioning causes of action, the availability of punitive damages is a major issue today, but was not in 1974, when ERISA was enacted. See Pacific Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Haslip, 499 U. S. 1, 61-62 (1991) (O'CONNOR, J., dissenting); P. Huber, Liability 127 (1988); Ellis, Fairness and Efficiency in the Law of Punitive Damages, 56 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1, 2-3 (1982). That is particularly so for breach-of-trust cases. The 1988 edition of Scott & Fratcher cites no pre-ERISA case on the issue of punitive damages, see 3 Scott & Fratcher § 205, p. 239, n. 2; the 1982 edition of Bogert & Bogert cites two, see Bogert & Bogert § 862, p. 41, n. 12. The 1992 supplements to these treatises, however, each cite more than a dozen cases on the issue from the 1980's.
194 P. 2d 533 (1948). The two decisions upon which the dissent relies, Fleishman v. Krause, Lindsay & Nahstoll, 261 Ore. 505, 495 P. 2d 268 (1972), and Dixon v. Northwestern Nat. Bank of Minneapolis, 297 F. Supp. 485 (Minn. 1969), see post, at 271, held only that the breach-of-trust actions at issue could be brought at law, thus entitling the plaintiffs to a jury trial. While both decisions noted in passing that the plaintiffs sought punitive as well as compensatory damages, neither said that those damages could be obtained, much less that they could be obtained only at law.
The dissent's claim that the Courts of Appeals have adopted its theory that "equitable relief" was used in ERISA to exclude punitive damages, see post, at 272, n. 6, is also unfounded. The only opinion the dissent cites that permits punitive damages when an "equitable relief" limitation does not exist (viz., under § 502(a)(2), which permits not only "equitable," but also "remedial," relief) is Kuntz v. Reese, 760 F.2d 926 (CA9 1985). That opinion (a) was based on the Ninth Circuit precedent we subsequently reversed in Massachusetts Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Russell, 473 U. S. 134 (1985), see Kuntz, supra, at 938; (b) was formally withdrawn after being vacated on other grounds, see 785 F.2d 1410 (per curiam), cert. denied, 479 U. S. 916 (1986); and (c) has never been relied upon again, even by the Ninth Circuit.
8We agree with the dissent, see post, at 269, n. 4, that the distinction between "equitable" and "remedial" relief is artless, but do not agree that we are therefore free to consider it meaningless. "Equitable" relief must mean something less than all relief. Congress has, it may be noted, used the same language ("other equitable or remedial relief") elsewhere. See 5 U. S. C. § 8477(e)(1)(A).
with the PBGC, see §§ 1303(e)(1), 1451(a)(1).9 Neither option is acceptable. See Estate of Cowart v. Nicklos Drilling Co., 505 U. S. 469, 479 (1992); cf. Lorillard v. Pons, 434 U. S. 575, 583 (1978). The authority of courts to develop a "federal common law" under ERISA, see Firestone, 489 U. S., at 110, is not the authority to revise the text of the statute.
"the Secretary shall assess a civil penalty against such fiduciary or other person in an amount equal to 20 percent of the applicable recovery amount." 29 U. S. C. § 1132(l)(1) (1988 ed., Supp. III).
9 The dissent postulates that Congress used the "legal or equitable relief" language only where the cause of action it was authorizing lacked "any discernible analogue in the common law of trusts," as a means of indicating that the courts are "free to craft whatever relief is most appropriate." Post, at 268-269. That is demonstrably not so. Administrative accounting requirements like the ones enforced through 29 U. S. C. § 1024(a)(5)(C) (which uses the "legal or equitable" formulation) were not unheard-of before ERISA, see 2A Scott & Fratcher § 172, p. 456, and they have an "analogue" in the basic duty of trustees to keep and render accounts upon demand by the beneficiary, see id., § 172; Bogert & Bogert § 861, pp. 7-9. Moreover, in a 1986 amendment to the subchapter dealing with the PBGC, Congress created a cause of action to enforce the provisions governing termination of single-employer plans, using the same "other appropriate equitable relief" language as appears in § 502(a)(3). See 29 U. S. C. § 1370(a)(2). That cause of action no more reflects some common-law "analogue" than do those created by the other PBGC provisions referred to in text (which employ the "legal or equitable" formulation).
The Secretary may waive or reduce this penalty if he believes that "the fiduciary or other person will [otherwise] not be able to restore all losses to the plan without severe financial hardship." § 1132(l)(3)(B). "[A]pplicable recovery amount" is defined (in § 502(1)(2)(B)) as "any amount ... ordered by a court to be paid by such fiduciary or other person to a plan or its participants or beneficiaries in a judicial proceeding instituted by the Secretary under [§§ 502](a)(2) or (a)(5)." It will be recalled that the latter subsection, § 502(a)(5), authorizes relief in actions by the Secretary on the same terms ("appropriate equitable relief") as in the private-party actions authorized by § 502(a)(3). Petitioners argue that § 502(1) confirms that § 502(a)(5)-and hence, since it uses the same language, § 502(a)(3)-allows actions for damages, since otherwise there could be no "applicable recovery amount" against some "other person" than the fiduciary, and the Secretary would have no occasion to worry about whether any such "other person" would be able to "restore all losses to the plan" without financial hardship.
ipation in a fiduciary's breach of duty, see supra, at 253-254, cofiduciaries expressly are, see § 405(a), so there are some "other person[s]" than fiduciaries-in-breach liable under § 502(1)(1)(B). These applications of § 502(1) give it meaning and scope without resort to the strange interpretation of "equitable relief" in § 502(a)(3) that petitioners propose. The Secretary's initial interpretation of § 502(1) accords with our view. The prologue of the proposed regulation implementing §502(l), to be codified at 29 CFR §2560.5021-1, states that when a court awards "equitable relief" -as opposed to "monetary damages" -a § 502(1) penalty will be assessed only if the award involves the transfer to the plan of money or property. 55 Fed. Reg. 25288, 25289, and n. 9 (1990).
In the last analysis, petitioners and the United States ask us to give a strained interpretation to § 502(a)(3) in order to achieve the "purpose of ERISA to protect plan participants and beneficiaries." Brief for Petitioners 31. They note, as we have, that before ERISA nonfiduciaries were generally liable under state trust law for damages resulting from knowing participation in a trustees's breach of duty, and they assert that such actions are now pre-empted by ERISA's broad pre-emption clause, § 514(a), 29 U. S. C. § 1144(a), see Ingersoll-Rand Co. v. McClendon, 498 U. S. 133, 139-140 (1990). Thus, they contend, our construction of § 502(a)(3) leaves beneficiaries like petitioners with less protection than existed before ERISA, contradicting ERISA's basic goal of "promot[ing] the interests of employees and their beneficiaries in employee benefit plans," Shaw v. Delta Air Lines, Inc., 463 U. S. 85, 90 (1983). See Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. v. Bruch, supra, at 114.
subsidiary goal of containing pension costs." Alessi v. Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc., 451 U. S. 504, 515 (1981); see also Russell, 473 U. S., at 148, n. 17. We will not attempt to adjust the balance between those competing goals that the text adopted by Congress has struck.
JUSTICE WHITE, with whom THE CHIEF JUSTICE, JusTICE STEVENS, and JUSTICE O'CONNOR join, dissenting.
The majority candidly acknowledges that it is plausible to interpret the phrase "appropriate equitable relief" as used in § 502(a)(3), 88 Stat. 891, 29 U. S. C. § 1132(a)(3), at least standing alone, as meaning that relief which was available in the courts of equity for a breach of trust. Ante, at 256. The majority also acknowledges that the relief petitioners seek here-a compensatory monetary award-was available in the equity courts under the common law of trusts, not only against trustees for breach of duty, but also against nonfiduciaries knowingly participating in a breach of trust, ante, at 256,261,262. Finally, there can be no dispute that ERISA was grounded in this common-law experience and that "we are [to be] guided by principles of trust law" in construing the terms of the statute. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. v. Bruch, 489 U. S. 101, 111 (1989). Nevertheless, the majority today holds that in enacting ERISA Congress stripped ERISA trust beneficiaries of a remedy against trustees and third parties that they enjoyed in the equity courts under common law. Although it is assumed that a cause of action against a third party such as respondent is provided by ERISA, the remedies available are limited to the "traditional" equitable remedies, such as injunction and restitution, and do not include compensatory damages-"the classic form of legal relief." Ante, at 255 (emphasis in original).
Because I do not believe that the statutory language requires this result and because we have elsewhere recognized the anomaly of construing ERISA in a way that "would afford less protection to employees and their beneficiaries than they enjoyed before ERISA was enacted," Firestone, supra, at 114 (emphasis added), I must dissent.
Concerned that many pension plans were being corruptly or ineptly mismanaged and that American workers were losing their financial security in retirement as a result, Congress in 1974 enacted ERISA, "declar[ing] [it] to be the policy of [the statute] to protect ... the interests of participants in employee benefit plans and their beneficiaries, by requiring the disclosure and reporting to participants and beneficiaries of financial and other information with respect [to the plans], by establishing standards of conduct, responsibility, and obligation for fiduciaries of employee benefit plans, and by providing for appropriate remedies, sanctions, and ready access to the Federal courts." 29 U. S. C. § 1001(b).
110; see also H. R. Rep. No. 93-533, supra, at 11; S. Rep. No. 93-127, p. 29 (1973); 120 Congo Rec. 29928, 29932 (1974) (statement of Sen. Williams).
1 As an initial matter, the majority expresses some uncertainty about whether § 502(a)(3) affords a cause of action and any sort of remedy against nonfiduciaries who participate in a fiduciary's breach of duty under the statute. See ante, at 253-254. In my view, however, the statute clearly does not bar such a suit. Section 502(a)(3) gives a cause of action to any participant, beneficiary, or fiduciary of an ERISA-governed plan "to redress ... violations" of the statute. There can be no dispute that when an ERISA fiduciary breaches his or her duty of care in managing the plan, there has been a violation of the statute. See 29 U. S. C. § 1104. The only question then is whether the remedies provided by § 502(a)(3) "to redress such [a] violatio[n]" must stop with the breaching fiduciary or may extend to nonfiduciaries who actively assist in the fiduciary's breach. Section 502(a)(3) does not expressly provide for such a limitation and it does not seem appropriate to import one given that trust beneficiaries clearly had such a remedy at common law, see ante, at 256, 261, 262, and that ERISA is grounded in that common law and was intended, above all, to protect the interests of beneficiaries.
Moreover, the amendment of the statute in 1989, adding § 502(1), seems clearly to reflect Congress' understanding that ERISA provides such a remedy. As the majority notes, see ante, at 259, § 502(1) empowers the Secretary of Labor to assess a civil penalty against nonfiduciaries who "knowing[ly] participat[e]" in a fiduciary's breach of trust. 29 U. S. C. § 1132(l)(1)(B) (1988 ed., Supp. III). The subsection further provides that this penalty shall be "equal to 20 percent of the applicable recovery amount" obtained from the nonfiduciary in a proceeding under § 502(a)(5), which provides a cause of action to the Secretary that parallels that provided to beneficiaries under § 502(a)(3). §§ 1132(l)(1) and (2); see also ante, at 260. This provision clearly contemplates that some remedy may be had under § 502(a)(5)-and, by necessary implication, under § 502(a)(3)-against nonfiduciaries for "knowing participation" in a fiduciary's "breach of fiduciary responsibilit[ies]." § 1132(l)(1). Given that this understanding accords with well-established common-law trust principles undergirding ERISA and that it is also compatible with the language of § 502(a)(3), I see no basis for doubting the validity of petitioners' cause of action.
the courts of equity were the predominant forum for beneficiaries' claims arising from a breach of trust. These courts were not, however, the exclusive forum. In some instances, there was jurisdiction both in law and in equity and it was generally (although not universally) acknowledged that the beneficiary could elect between his or her legal and equitable remedies. See Clews v. Jamieson, 182 U. S. 461, 480-481 (1901); G. Bogert & G. Bogert, Law of Trusts and Trustees §870, pp.l0l-l07 (2d rev. ed.1982); 3 A. Scott & W. Fratcher, Law of Trusts § 198, pp.194-203 (4th ed.1988); J. Hill, Trustees *518-*519; Annot., Remedy at Law Available to Beneficiary of Trust as Exclusive of Remedy in Equity, 171 A. L. R. 429 (1947). Indeed, the Restatement of Trusts sets out in separate, successive sections the "legal" and "equitable" remedies available to beneficiaries under the common law of trusts. See Restatement (Second) of Trusts §§ 198, 199 (1959).
The traditional "equitable remedies" available to a trust beneficiary included compensatory damages. Equity "endeavor[ed] as far as possible to replace the parties in the same situation as they would have been in, if no breach of trust had been committed." Hill, supra, at *522; see also J. Tiffany & E. Bullard, Law of Trusts and Trustees 585586 (1862) (defendant is chargeable with any losses caused to trust or with any profits trust might have earned absent the breach). This included, where necessary, the payment of a monetary award to make the victims of the breach whole. Clews v. Jamieson, supra, at 479-480; Hill, supra, at *522; Bogert & Bogert, supra, § 862; see also United States v. Mitchell, 463 U. S. 206, 226 (1983); Massachusetts Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Russell, 473 U. S. 134, 154, n. 10 (1985) (Brennan, J., concurring in judgment).
both fiduciaries and participating nonfiduciaries. Construing the statute in this manner also avoids the anomaly of interpreting ERISA so as to leave those Congress set out to protect-the participants in ERISA-governed plans and their beneficiaries-with "less protection ... than they enjoyed before ERISA was enacted." Firestone, 489 U. S., at 114.2 Indeed, this is precisely how four Justices of this Court read § 502(a)(3)'s reference to "appropriate equitable relief" in Russell. See 473 U. S., at 154, and n. 10 (Brennan, J., joined by WHITE, Marshall, and BLACKMUN, JJ., concurring in judgment).
2 Section 514(a) of ERISA pre-empts "any and all State laws insofar as they may now or hereafter relate to any employee benefit plan" governed by ERISA. 29 U. S. C. § 1144(a). Although the majority stops short of deciding the pre-emption implications of its holding, see ante, at 261, it is difficult to imagine how any common-law remedy for the harm alleged here-participation in a breach of fiduciary duty concerning an ERISAgoverned plan-could have survived enactment of ERISA's" 'deliberately expansive'" pre-emption provision, Ingersoll-Rand Co. v. McClendon, 498 U. S. 133, 138 (1990) (citation omitted).
in which to give "appropriate equitable relief" a limiting effect, the majority feels compelled to read the phrase as encompassing only "those categories of relief that were typically available" in the broad run of equity cases, without regard to the particular equitable remedies available in trust cases. See ante, at 256 (emphasis in original). This would include injunction and restitution, for example, but not money damages. See ibid. As I see it, however, the words "appropriate equitable relief" are no more than descriptive and simply refer to all remedies available in equity under the common law of trusts, whether or not they were or are the exclusive remedies for breach of trust.
3 The majority claims to find a common-law analogue for an action under § 104(a)(5)(C), likening an action by the Secretary of Labor to enforce ERISA's administrative filing requirements to a common-law action against a trustee for failure to keep and render accounts. Ante, at 259, n. 9. The analogy seems to me a long reach. The common-law duty of trustees to account to beneficiaries for all transactions made on behalf of the trust bears, at best, only slight resemblance to the ERISA-created duty of plan administrators to file with the Secretary of Labor specified annual reports, plan descriptions, and summary plan descriptions. See 29 U. S. C. § 1024(a)(1). So, too, the fact that some States-by statutehave required trustees to render an accounting to state courts, see 2A A. Scott & W. Fratcher, Law of Trusts § 172, p. 456 (4th ed. 1988), cited ante, at 259, n. 9, fails to establish a common-law analogue for actions by the Secretary under § 104(a)(5)(C).
4 Moreover, if the text of the statute reflects Congress' careful differentiation between "legal" and "equitable" relief, as the majority posits, it presumably must also reflect a careful differentiation between "equitable" and "remedial" relief and, for that matter, between "legal" and "remedial" relief. See 29 U. S. C. § 1l09(a) (breaching fiduciary "shall be subject to such other equitable or remedial relief as the court may deem appropriate"). What limiting principle Congress could have intended to convey by this latter term I cannot readily imagine. "Remedial," after all, simply means "intended as a remedy," Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary 996 (1983), and "relief" is commonly understood to be a synonym for "remedy," id., at 995. At the very least, Congress' apparent imprecision in this regard undermines my confidence in the strong inferences drawn by the majority from Congress' varying phraseology concerning relief under ERISA.
Extracontractual and Punitive Damages After Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Russell, 71 Cornell L.
(1975); Superior Constr. Co. v. Elmo, 204 Md. 1, 16, 104 A. 2d 581, 583 (1954); Given v. United Fuel Gas Co., 84 W. Va. 301,306, 99 S. E. 476, 478 (1919); Orkin Exterminating Co. of South Florida v. Truly Nolen, Inc., 117 So. 2d 419, 422-423 (Fla. App. 1960); D. Dobbs, Remedies § 3.9, pp. 211-212 (1973). Thus, even "where, in equitable actions, it becomes necessary to award damages, only compensatory damages should be allowed." Karns v. Allen, 135 Wis. 48, 58, 115 N. W. 357, 361 (1908); see also Coca-Cola Co. v. Dixi-Cola Laboratories, 155 F.2d 59, 63 (CA4), cert. denied, 329 U. S. 773 (1946); United States v. Bernard, 202 F.7d 8, 732 (CA9 1913); 1 T. Sedgwick, Measure of Damages § 371, p. 531 (8th ed. 1891).
The majority denigrates this traditional rule by citing to Professor Dobbs' 1973 treatise on remedies. That treatise noted a "modern" trend among some courts (on the eve of ERISA's enactment) to allow punitive damages in equity cases, but it also noted that the majority rule remained otherwise. Moreover, the trend Professor Dobbs identified was driven in large part by the "modern" merger of law and equity and by the consequent belief that there is no longer any reason to disallow "legal" remedies in what traditionally were "equitable" actions. See ante, at 258, n. 8. Accordingly, the majority's observation in no way undermines the validity of the traditional rule-well ensconsed at the time of ERISA's enactmentthat punitive damages were not an appropriate equitable remedy, even in trust cases.
Rev. 1014, 1029-1030 (1986); see also D. Dobbs, Remedies § 3.9, pp. 211-212 (1973), a number of courts in more recent decades have drawn upon their "legal" powers to award punitive damages even in cases that historically could have been brought only in equity. While acknowledging the traditional bar against such relief in equity, these courts have concluded that the merger of law and equity authorizes modern courts to draw upon both legal and equitable powers in crafting an appropriate remedy for a breach of trust. See 1. H. P. Corp. v. 210 Central Park South Corp., 16 App. Div. 2d 461, 464-466, 228 N. Y. S. 2d 883, 887-888 (1962), aff'd, 12 N. Y. 2d 329, 189 N. E. 2d 812 (1963); Gould v. Starr, 558 S. W. 2d 755, 771 (Mo. App. 1977), cert. denied, 436 U. S. 905 (1978); Citizens & Southern Nat. Bank v. Haskins, 254 Ga. 131,136-137,327 S. E. 2d 192, 199 (1985); see also New Jersey Division, Horsemen's Benevolent Protective Assn. v. New Jersey Racing Comm'n, 251 N. J. Super. 589, 605, 598 A. 2d 1243, 1251 (1991) (present-day Chancery Division can "afford the full range of equitable and legal remedies for breach of trust," including punitive damages); cf. Charles v. Epperson & Co., 137 N. W. 2d 605, 618 (Iowa 1965).
1465 (CA5 1986), cert. denied, 479 U. S. 1034 (1987); Powell v. Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co. of Virginia, 780 F.2d 419,424 (CA4 1985), cert. denied, 476 U. S. 1170 (1986). With respect to § 502(a)(2), however, under which a beneficiary may claim both "equitable" and "remedial" relief, see 29 U. S. C. § 1132(a)(2) (allowing "for appropriate relief under section 1109 of this title"), the courts are split over whether punitive damages may be recovered. Compare Kuntz v. Reese, 760 F.2d 926, 938 (CA9 1985) (allowing such a recovery), vacated on other grounds, 785 F.2d 1410, cert. denied, 479 U. S. 916 (1986), with Sommers Drug Stores, supra, at 1463 (disallowing such a recovery); see also Cox v. Eichler, 765 F. Supp. 601, 610-611 (ND Cal. 1990) (punitive damages available under § 502(a)(2) but not under § 502(a)(3)). This Court in Russell expressly reserved judgment on whether punitive damages might be recovered on behalf of an ERISA-governed plan under § 502(a)(2). Massachusetts Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Russell, 473 U. S. 134, 144, n. 12 (1985).
7The majority faults "[t]he notion that concern about punitive damages motivated Congress" in drafting ERISA on the grounds that the availability of punitive damages was not "a major issue" in 1974. Ante, at 257, n.7. Neither, of course, is there anything to suggest that the availability of compensatory damages was a "major issue" in 1974, although the majority does not hesitate to attribute this concern to the 93d Congress. In any event, it seems to me considerably less fanciful to suppose that Congress was motivated by a desire to limit the availability of punitive damages than that it was moved by a desire to take from the statute's intended beneficiaries their traditional and possibly their only means of makewhole relief.
insufficient grounds. The text of the statute supports a reading of § 502(a)(3) that would permit a court to award compensatory monetary relief where necessary to make an ERISA beneficiary whole for a breach of trust. Such a reading would accord with the established equitable remedies available under the common law of trusts, to which Congress has directed us in construing ERISA, and with Congress' primary goal in enacting the statute, the protection of beneficiaries' financial security against corrupt or inept plan mismanagement. Finally, such a reading would avoid the perverse and, in this case, entirely needless result of construing ERISA so as to deprive beneficiaries of remedies they enjoyed prior to the statute's enactment. For these reasons, I respectfully dissent.


Explore Melissa Erhardt's board "dachshund ramp" on Pinterest.. Dog Area, Cat Ramp, Dog House Bed, Dog Gates, Dog Wash, Dog Rooms, Pet Furniture.
Check out 'DoggoRamps – The Small Dog Ramp' on Indiegogo.. Disease (IVDD), which affects 25% of dachshunds as well as other long-bodied dogs.. . to IVDD avoids repetitive or hard landings from jumping off furniture or doing stairs.
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EndNote is a tool which allows you to organise and keep track of your references, and easily insert them into your research documents as in-text citations, footnotes or a bibliography in any of a large number of citation styles. This training helps you to get the most out of EndNote and make your research easier.
Search for additional information on how to use EndNote's more advanced features.
Besides this, you will get a basic understanding of what a citation style consists of and where to pay attention to when writing.
Target group: Students, alumni and staff with no prior experience in using EndNote.
Participants are expected to follow the online tutorial Managing your citations and references before attending this course.
EndNote is installed on all student computers in the university. When you want to use your own computer during the workshop, make sure that EndNote is installed correctly before attending. EndNote is available via the ICTS license software page.
For support first, check the EndNote support page.
More information: The library also offers a special two-hour advanced workshop on EndNote.


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Unprecedented situation yields extraordinary response at YNHHS
YNHHS' COVID-19 Call Center quickly becomes go-to resource during pandemic
COVID-19 is keeping us apart – and that's a good thing
Virology Laboratory develops COVID-19 test to speed diagnosis, treatment
YNHHS' successful Lean In program continues to grow
SRC Emergency Department honored for patient flow efforts
YNHHS employees share their love of reading
National Healthcare Decisions Day is April 16
One of the biggest challenges with the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States has been a shortage of testing kits.
As of mid-March, there were no FDA-approved, commercially available kits for COVID-19, and none was expected until at least May.
"We had hoped that COVID-19 would not arrive in Connecticut until after commercial tests were available; however, it became clear that the virus had been circulating in the U.S. undetected for weeks, and tests were urgently needed," said Marie-Louise Landry, MD, Yale New Haven Hospital Clinical Virology Laboratory director.
Prompt testing helps ensure those infected receive appropriate treatment; it also shows where and how extensive outbreaks are.
When the FDA in late February changed its rules to make it easier for laboratories to implement their own tests, YNHH's Virology Laboratory sprang into action. Developing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) test on site wasn't easy.
Testing components from various suppliers were back ordered and lab instruments used for other tests had to be modified.
Virology leaders Maureen Owen, Robin Garner and Jody Criscuolo worked overtime to develop the test and meet extensive FDA requirements to validate that it worked. Former Virology Manager David Ferguson, now a senior manager at Yale Medicine's Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, volunteered to help. On March 13, the Virology Lab began testing inpatient specimens, with plans to increase testing to up to 400 specimens per day for YNHH and other health system hospitals.
"Virology found itself in a unique position to make a difference and provide needed help to our patients, healthcare workers and our community during this public health emergency," Dr. Landry said. "We are grateful to be able to contribute our skills to the effort."
With a shortage of COVID-19 test kits nationwide, technologists with Yale New Haven Hospital's Virology Laboratory used their expertise and experience to develop a test for inpatient specimens. From top, staff involved in the testing include medical technologist Terri Constantinidi; Virology processing associate Antoinette Fernandez (foreground); and medical technologists Colin Cieniawa (foreground) and Vikas Patel.


On Wednesday 13 April the UK testbed (Operational Test and Evaluation - OT&E) will be unavailable for approximately one hour 11:00 - 12:00 (BST).
At 07:00 (GMT) on Thursday 10 March 2016 we will have a systems outage lasting up to 45 minutes when we will be carrying out essential maintenance.
At 07:00 (BST) on Tuesday 5 April 2016 we will have a systems outage lasting up to one hour when we will be carrying out essential maintenance.
On Wednesday 2 March the UK testbed (Operational Test and Evaluation - OT&E) will be unavailable for approximately one hour 10:00 - 11:00 (GMT).
At 07:00 (GMT) on Tuesday 1 March 2016 we will have a systems outage lasting for one hour approximately when we will be deploying a software upgrade.
On Tuesday 9 and Wednesday 10 February we will be carrying out some maintenance to our DNS which may result in brief delays in data being propagated to our name servers.
At 11:00 (GMT) our .UK EPP testbed will be unavailable for approximately one hour.
At 18:00 (GMT) on Wednesday 17 February 2016 we will be testing our business continuity plans for an estimated two hours.
At 18:00 (GMT) on Thursday 18 February 2016 we will be testing our business continuity plans. Testing estimated for three hours.
At 10:00 (GMT) we will have a testbed systems (Operational Test and Evaluation - OT&E) outage lasting about two hours.
At 7:00 (BST) on Wednesday 22 June 2016 all UK and gTLD registry systems will be unavailable including Online Services and Business Intelligence lasting for approximately one hour.


Pizza Hut offers both traditional and local-styled pizza pies, and delivery is free when you call 6235 3535. Pizza Hut is run by the same company that owns the KFC outlets and Taco Bell, which just ain't the same without the lard (halal and all that). McDonalds also delivers, and unlike Pizza Hut, they do it 24 hours a day. Just call 6777 3777 to order.
More pizza options are the hit-and-miss Canadian 2 For 1 Pizza at 6241 0241, and the never-misses California Pizza Kitchen in the basement level at 583 Orchard Road, 6836-0110. The latter place is an eat-in joint, as are other chains like Kenny Rogers Roasters, Billy Bombers, Stuart Anderson's Black Angus, Lawry's The Prime Rib, Morton's of Chicago, Tony Roma's and the Hard Rock Café, all serving up a taste of home. American owned Brewerkz is a microbrew that serves up great ribs and burgers, as well as beer of course. It's located opposite Clarke Quay, very near Café Iguana, which has THE best Mexican food in town.
Burger King is here as well, and Long John Silvers offers fried fish and shrimps at affordable prices, plus healthy options like steamed fish with a black-pepper sauce and rice, which you'll love. Now well established on the burger beat is Carl's Jr, so if you get a hankering for a burger that will knock you back, look for the happy star. And for coffee and café food you'll never go wrong with Spinelli's, Starbucks or Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf, which all take coffee to a higher level. The food's not bad either.
Of course, for fine dining, you'll never go wrong with any of the better hotel's restaurants, which offer a variety of styles and seasonal specials, all prepared with a passion for perfection which borders on the obsessive. From the Pan Pacific to the Regent, Raffles to the Meritus Mandarin, just pick your favorite, go to their websites, sign up for their newsletters and they'll keep your inbox and belly full of tantalizing taste treats.
High Tea and brunches usually take place at hotel dining rooms and are more formal occasions of networking and socializing. The food is secondary in function, but the choice of venue means quality is a factor. And poor quality is just not acceptable… so if you get an invitation to High Tea, put on your Sunday best and go enjoy yourself.


Select the below link to download this week's bulletin insert.
Adult Bible Study - 9 a.m. till 10 a.m.
Worship Service - 10:15 a.m. till 11:15 a.m.
We offer communion five times a year.
Summer Adult Bible Study is once a month (4th week) Call for details.
Worship Service - 9:00 a.m. till 10:00 a.m.
Day/Time Wednesday Evenings of Lent at 7:30 p.m.


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AboutVisionPartnershipsInsights
The Unify Challenge
Take the Unify Challenge
Meet the Founder, Harry Nathan Gottlieb.
Instead of boring you with some highly scripted, historically factual biography of what drove Harry to start Unify America — we figured it would be far more entertaining to have his 13-year old son, Moses, interview him.
MOSES: Remember when you had tons of time to do stuff with me and now you're on your computer all the time? What happened?
Harry: Well, I had time for a few years because I stepped down from working every day at Jellyvision and Jackbox Games so I could hang out with you. Also, Amanda and Mike, who are amazing CEOs, didn't need me anymore, except for advice and brainstorming occasionally. You weren't born when I started those companies, but when you start a new organization it's pretty time-consuming.
So, why are you doing Unify America anyway?
I founded Unify America so that by the time your children are adults, our country has stopped making civic decisions based on power and influence. Instead, our country will make decisions based on reason and empathy.
Sounds like you rehearsed that line before, Dad.
Hahaha. Yeah, I have.
Are you a Republican or Democrat?
I've never belonged to, nor do I think of myself as a member of a political party. Interestingly, when Unify America polled Americans about how they identify themselves, identification with a political party regularly ranked last on that list.
Have you ever put butter on a pop-tart?
What?! No. Who does that?!
What's your favorite Jackbox Game?
Most people say Quiplash, Fibbage or Trivia Murder Party, but my favorite is Fakin' It.
How many people have played a Jackbox Game?
We had 240 million individual players in 2020.
Seriously? So... don't you think people are going to be, like, 'How is this guy qualified to help fix democracy?'
Yes, I would think so.
Here's what I can say about that. At Jellyvision we got really good at taking boring and complex subjects and making them simple and engaging for people. We're bringing that skill to saving democracy! Unify America is making interactive experiences to help replace politics with problem solving ...and have fun doing it.
Cool but… why does that make you qualified to fix democracy?
Well, we believe Americans themselves can find big solutions to big problems, but the policy questions around things like healthcare, immigration or poverty are complex and sometimes dry and boring.
Unify America will be able to help Americans understand these issues in a way that is clear and engaging, without sensationalizing everything.
Are you going to make a democracy video game where you battle people to get to the next level?
No, definitely not. That game already exists in real life and it's not working that well for the country. But, that's the point: politics is a kind of game. It's a game where there are winners and losers. Or so it seems on the surface. The reality is that under the surface, the whole country is losing. We're all losing. The Government of the People is losing.
That also sounded rehearsed.
That one I just made up on the spot.
The point is, we need to change the game. The rules of politics bring out the absolute worst in so many of us. People try to win elections and block legislation by scaring people about how terrible the other side is. But there is another game structure, where groups of people win together or lose together, that encourages cooperation.
Like an Escape Room?
Wow. Yes, perfect example, Mosh!
And we can do that with democracy?
It's going to take a long time, but yes. That's the beauty of a Government of the People, if enough people want to make a change, it happens. The People are sovereign. It doesn't feel that way sometimes, but ultimately, we really do have the power to improve our republic.
That'll be $50.
For doing this interview for you.
Good for you: anchoring high. But no. $5.
Are you a person who would not pay a fair wage for work well done?
Boy, do you know how to get me. Okay, $15.
Deal. Thanks Dad.
Thank you, Moses.
Let's choose to put aside our differences and come together.
Not only is it easy, it's painless. Simply start by answering a few simple questions so we can understand who you are. Then, we'll find you another American who you'll schedule a video call with and together take a survey about a wide variety of topics about life in America.
HomeAboutThe VisionOur TeamCareers
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Join the thousands of Americans who are making a difference, two people at a time.
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Home » Things to Do » 5 Places You Have To Visit In St. Petersburg
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5 Places You Have To Visit In St. Petersburg
Written by Carmela Rodriguez on August 18, 2017
Written by Carmela Rodriguez
Carmela is a journalist from London. She's traveled from Asia to South America, where she got (temporarily) lost in the Peruvian Amazon. She quit the rainy UK and moved to Medellín, Colombia, where she has lived for two years
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The city of St Petersburg is known as the jewel of Russia. With tons of extravagant palatial buildings, the finest collection of art in the world, and a dark and bloody history, you're guaranteed to have an amazing trip. AllTheRooms has rounded up five of the top places that you have to visit in St Petersburg.
1. Winter Palace
No trip to St Petersburg would be complete without a visit to the iconic Winter Palace. The palace is an extravagant, baroque building that was once home to Russian royal family before they fled ahead of the Russian Revolution. The Winter Palace played an important role in the history of the country — a bloody massacre took place in the nearby Palace Square in 1905, when demonstrators were killed by imperial guards.
2. The Hermitage Museum
Photo by Ilya
The Hermitage Museum is known as the best art gallery in the world and is housed in the Winter Palace. The incredible collection features thousands of artworks, including masterpieces from the likes of Van Gogh, Picasso and Da Vinci. The collection is housed in a line of theatres and former palaces (including the Winter Palace), which sit on the beautiful River Neva. It would be easy to spend several days at the museum however if you're pushed for time you can still see the best bits — but be prepared to do a lot of walking.
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3. Kresty Prison
Photo by Ninara
Fancy doing something a little different? Take a trip to Kresty Prison. The prison, which is known as one of the most notorious in Europe, was originally the largest prison for solitary confinement on the continent. It was home to a lot of political prisoners, including top revolutionary leaders such as Leon Trotsky. You can take a guided tour of the prison that takes you to the prison chapel and prison museum. The Kresty Prison Museum displays the stories of famous inmates, the truth behind Russian criminal tattoos and a collection of artifacts made creatively by inmates. You can also get a sense of the inhumane conditions of the prison — although things have improved in recent years.
4. Church of the Savior of Spilled Blood
By Roman Evgenev
The Church of the Savior of Spilled Blood looks like something from a candy shop. The church features an elaborate Russian Orthodox design, with five colorful, onion-shaped domes covered in candy-cane-stripes. The church was neglected during the Soviet-era, however, it was painstakingly restored in the 1970s. Make sure your camera is fully charged — you'll be wanting to take a lot of pictures!
5. The Bronze Horseman Statue
The Bronze Horseman Statue is one of the most iconic landmarks in St Petersburg. It's a bronze statue of Peter the Great, who was one of the most popular Emperors in Russian history. He was responsible for creating the laws that ended slavery in Russia. The statue was immortalized by famous Russian poet and novelist Alexander Pushkin, who gave it the name of 'The Bronze Horseman'. The statue sits in Senate Square, which lies on the beautiful River Neva. Take a picnic and sit by the river, observing the statue and the view across the water.