text:
Preparation of α-Amylase Inhibitor from Seeds of White Kidney Bean Using a Novel and Scalable Process Based on Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Yifeng Rang, Department of Research and Development, New Industry Health Technology (Zhuhai) Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, China
Wei Zhao, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
This study proposed and evaluated a novel and scalable process based on enzymatic hydrolysis for the preparation of α-amylase inhibitor (α-AI) in seeds of white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The process mainly involved heat treatment (70°C/30 min), enzymatic hydrolysis, isoelectric precipitation and 70% ethanol precipitation. The optimal preparation parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis and isoelectric precipitation were as follows: Flavourzyme 500MG was used for enzymatic hydrolysis and the ultimate hydrolysate was obtained at 180 min, followed by isoelectric precipitation at pH 3.6. The loss of miscellaneous proteins and purification fold in the novel process were relatively low (85.84% and 4.74, respectively), while the α-AI activity yield (67.12%) was much higher than the values obtained by chromatography. Combined with the SDS-PAGE analysis, enzymatic hydrolysis proved to have modified the pI and alcohol-solubility of the miscellaneous proteins, which has a favorable influence on isoelectric precipitation and ethanol precipitation for the preparation of the α-AI.
α-Amylase Inhibitor (α-AI), White Kidney Bean, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Isoelectric Precipitation
Yifeng Rang, Wei Zhao, Preparation of α-Amylase Inhibitor from Seeds of White Kidney Bean Using a Novel and Scalable Process Based on Enzymatic Hydrolysis, International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences. Special Issue: Natural Active Ingredients for the Management of Diabetes and Obesity. Vol. 8, No. 3, 2019, pp. 52-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20190803.12
Broughton WJ, Hernandez G, Blair M, et al. 2003. Beans (Phaseolus spp.) – model food legumes. Plant Soil, 252, 55–128.
Du SK, Jiang H, Ai Y, et al. 2014. Physicochemical properties and digestibility of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) starches. Carbohydrate Polymers, 108, 200-205.
Bowman DE. 1945. Amylase inhibitor of navy beans. Science, 102, 358-359.
Obiro WC, Zhang T & Jiang B. 2008. The nutraceutical role of the Phaseolus vulgaris α-amylase inhibitor. British Journal of Nutrition, 100, 1–12.
Wu CT, Chiu CY, Huang CF, et al. 2018. Genotoxicity and 28-day oral toxicity studies of a functional food mixture containing maltodextrin, white kidney bean extract, mulberry leaf extract, and niacin-bound chromium complex. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 92, 67-74.
Kusaba NM, Ki M, Iwamoto M, et al. 2000. CM3, one of the wheat α-amylase inhibitor subunits, and binding of IgE in Sera from Japanese with atopic dermatitis related to wheat. Food and chemical toxicology, 38, 179–185.
Ho MF & Whitaker JR. 2010. Subunit structures and essential amino acid residues of white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) alpha-amylase inhibitors. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 17 (1), 35-52.
Chen XP & Yang WY. 2014. Epidemic trend of diabetes in China. Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 5, 478-481.
Mokdad AH, Bowman BA, Ford ES, et al. 2001. The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States. Jama, 286, 1195-1200.
None. 2016. Fabenol? max, a standardised aqueous extract from phaseolus vulgaris l. and 'reduces the absorption of carbohydrates': evaluation of a health claim pursuant to article 13 (5) of regulation (ec) no 1924/2006. EFSA Journal, 14 (2).
Skop M & Chokshi D. 2006. Purified amylase inhibitor and novel process for obtaining the same. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20060147565.html (accessed 10 April 2007).
Wang H, Chen C, Jeng T, et al. 2011. Comparisons of α-amylase inhibitors from seeds of common bean mutants extracted through three phase partitioning. Food Chemistry, 128, 1066–1071.
Gupta M, Sharma P & Nath AK. 2014. Purification of a novel α-amylase inhibitor from local himalayan bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds with activity towards bruchid pests and human salivary amylase. Journal of food science and technology, 51, 1286–1293.
Marshall JJ & Lauda CM. 1975. Purification and properties of phaseolamin, an inhibitor of α-amylase, from the kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 250, 8030–8037.
Kumar S, Verma AK, Das M, et al. 2013. Clinical complications of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) consumption. Nutrition, 29, 821-827.
Golparvar Z & Naseri B. 2016. Comparative reproductive performance and digestive enzymatic activity of helicoverpa armigera (noctuidae) on seven bean cultivars. Journal of the Lepidopterists Society, 70 (2), 121-129.
Yanli M, Yifeng R, Ruijin Y, et al. 2018. Effect of white kidney bean extracts on estimated glycemic index of different kinds of porridge. LWT, 96, 576-582.
Nciri N & Cho N. 2018. New research highlights: impact of chronic ingestion of white kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgarisl. var. beldia) on small-intestinal disaccharidase activity in wistar rats. Toxicology Reports, 5, 46-55.
Betancur AD, Gallegos TS & Chel GL. 2004. Wet-fractionation of Phaseolus lunatus seeds: partial characterization of starch and protein. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 84, 1193–1201.
Singh N, Kaur M, Sandhu KS, et al. 2004. Physicochemical, thermal, morphological and pasting properties of starches from some Indian black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.) cultivars. Starch-Stärke, 56, 535-544.
Yang M, Zhang X, Ma Y, et al. 2008. Purification and partial characterization of a glycoprotein alpha-amylase inhibitor from white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Food Biochemistry, 32, 72–84.
Betancur AD, Sosa ET, Ruiz RJ, et al. 2014. Enzymatic hydrolysis of hard-to-cook bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein concentrates and its effects on biological and functional properties. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 49, 2–8.
Adler NJ. 1979. Determination of the degree of hydrolysis of food protein hydrolysates by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 27, 1256-1262.
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, et al. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J biol Chem, 193, 265–275.
Maria HCC, Arcy LA, Roy MH, et al. 2001. Aspartic protease in leaves of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp): enzymatic activity, gene expression and relation to drought susceptibility. FEBS Letters, 492, 242-246.
Zhao W, Yang R, Tang Y, et al. 2009. Investigation of the protein–protein aggregation of egg white proteins under pulsed electric fields. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 57, 3571–3577.
Mahomoodally MF & Ramalingum N. 2015. An investigation into the consumption patterns, attitude, and perception of mauritians towards common medicinal food plants. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 5 (2), 99-112.
Yu Z, Yin Y, Zhao W, et al. 2011. Novel peptides derived from egg white protein inhibiting alpha-glucosidase. Food Chemistry, 129, 1376–1382.
Jay U, Ollie T & Jhanna M. 2018. Systematic review and meta-analysis of a proprietary alpha-amylase inhibitor from white bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) on weight and fat loss in humans. Foods, 7 (4), 63-72.
Bellincampi D, Camardella L, Delcour JA, et al. 2004. Potential physiological role of plant glycosidase inhibitors. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Proteins and Proteomics, 1696, 265–274.


Wedding Online - Grooms - Grooms! Have you considered laser hair removal before your wedding day?
home > articles > style > grooms > grooms! have you considered laser hair removal before your wedding day?
Grooms! Have you considered laser hair removal before your wedding day?
Listen up, ladies: has your groom considered laser hair removal for the big day?
Of course the bride will want to look her best when it comes to the big day. There's loads and loads of advice out there to help them out with that. But what about the groom? His appearance should be just as important as that of his bride, don't you think?
Laser hair removal surgery is commonly known to be the most effective way for long term removal of the hair on any part of the body and it is also the most popular. If you're considering doing this for your wedding, I'll be going over how the process works and other general male grooming tips you need to know.
It's not weird or uncommon to go through this procedure. Research shows that it is one of the most popular procedures to take place throughout the US alone.
How it works, is that a laser it penetrated directly into the root of the hair in order to kill it off. Though it is true that this is long term, it doesn't completely eliminate the possibility of hair growing back. There's something called the follicle, which is the part of where the root of the hair starts. The laser does not remove/kill this part of the root, therefore hair can still grow, but it is very difficult for it to do. This makes this method a great long lasting option.
One of the first and most common questions when it comes to laser hair removal, is how long does the entire process takes too complete? Time taken can vary from your skin and hair type. On average, people must under-go at least six to eight sessions of surgery in order to notice the best result.
It takes around two weeks for the hair to shred, and then there's also a re-growth faze which lasts around a month. So all in all, it usually takes a couple of months. So it's wise to plan this out a good while before the wedding date.
It is said that most people can easily tolerate the minor pain that comes with this surgery. For a better idea on what kind of sensation you may experience, it is said to feel like a rubber band being snapped against your wrist. So it doesn't sound too bad, right? Though you should keep in mind that others are more sensitive when it comes to dealing with pain.
What precautions should you take beforehand?
- You're unable to do any of these for 4-6 weeks prior to the surgery. If you're planning to go outside whilst the suns out, you need to use SPF15 sunscreen or anything stronger.
If you do any of these things close to surgery, your skin may appear lighter or darker than it was. Your skin can also appear bumpy and slightly red. It should also be mentioned that if you have a sun tan, you won't be able to get laser hair removal until that tan has completely faded.
The reality is this: laser hair removal surgery can cost quite a lot. The price varies from location and depends on how much hair you want to have removed. The average cost of removing eyebrow hair is £50; the average cost of removing hair on your entire face is £180. If you want hair removed all over your body, it's prone to burning a hole in your pockets.
Yes: it is a great way to remove hair and yes, it is long-term. But ask yourself - is it completely necessary? It can take a long time and as detailed above, there are certain things you can't do. Make sure you're completely sure you want to go through with it before going ahead; don't forget that there are alternatives to temporarily masking your hair such as just shaving or using some products such as creams.
Do your research and make sure you fully understand what you'll be going through!


text:
6.12.1 In the course of the engagement undertaken by the Review there was limited awareness of the concept of a Scottish Model of Value and no sense that any particular progress had been made with the issue since the introduction of SMC's new approach.
6.12.2 There was doubt that the experience of the new approach in relation to end-of-life, orphan and ultra-orphan medicines would provide a solid basis for the further development of a Scottish Model of Value because of the highly specific considerations of this particular agenda. There was strong agreement though that the experience could and should inform any developmental of a model.
6.12.3 The situation with end-of-life, orphan and ultra-orphan medicines is highly unusual and may even be unique. Many of the medicines transcend the conventional measures of cost effectiveness but these considerations are displaced by others such as the extreme rarity of the conditions and the lack of alternative treatment options. The view obtained through this Review is that, in the current situation, there is justification for considering these medicines according to different parameters and using different weightings from other treatments. A future Scottish Model of Value ideally would provide a framework that makes this unnecessary.
6.12.4 Any framework has to develop an accepted model of value that is sophisticated enough to deal in multiple currencies of which money is only one. Discussions in this Review moved between cost, cost-effectiveness, affordability and value accepting that they are all different but inter-related. The most challenging to define is value and in a Scottish Model of Value it will be important to ensure that it is measured and expressed in broad but consistent terms. These terms cannot be confined to clinical effectiveness and medical outcomes but need to take account of personal considerations and wider societal factors. The metrics need to be applicable not just to this small group of medicines but to an array of treatments and interventions in a way that informs and supports meaningful comparisons and difficult choices.
6.12.5 Each of the stakeholder groups spoken to had helpful and interesting perspectives on what constituted meaningful measures of success in relation to treatment with medicines. The measures extended beyond traditional, often binary outcome measures and looked at qualitative information such as patient reported outcomes, real world data, societal impact such as ability to work and maintain physical and financial independence, preservation of function, prevention of deterioration whether of the primary condition or through prevention of the development of co-morbidities and wider impact on families. The list is long and complex but there is a need to work with stakeholders to agree meaningful frameworks and metrics that stand up to repeated use and comparison. A system that developed a new framework and metrics for every new medicine that required ongoing evaluation would be neither efficient nor effective.
6.12.6 In keeping with the comment made in Paragraph 6.10.7 about the high level of scrutiny applied to medicines, the principles outlined should be applicable not just to the evaluation of new medicines but to other non-medicines health technologies.
6.12.7 Ideally a Scottish Model of Value would not be confined to health or healthcare interventions but could be used across all aspects of public life in circumstances where informed choices have to be made about the use of finite and increasingly scarce resources.
28 Consider how the experience of NHSScotland's systems for the assessment and managed introduction of new medicines can inform the development of a Scottish Model of Value. This is likely to be through the establishment of a multi-agency taskforce or equivalent group.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


- Guadalajara supplementary Convention (1961) (Guadalajara).
8.3.4. You must not include in Checked Baggage: fragile or perishable articles, food, money, jewelry, precious metals, sunglasses, spectacles, musical instruments, computers, electronic devices (such as but not limited to computers, mobile phones, I-phones, I-pods, camera, video camera, portables, etc...), optical or photographic appliances, telecommunications equipment or appliances, negotiable papers, securities or other valuables, business documents, working tools which are or can be considered as valuable, passports and other identification documents, keys, samples, antiques, other valuable unique items, books or medicaments for personal use during travel.
- when the delay is at least 5 hours and a passenger decides not to travel on the delayed flight, reimbursement of the cost of the ticket within seven days, at the price at which it was bought, for the part or parts of the journey not made, and for the part or parts already made if the flight is no longer serving any purpose in relation to original travel plan, together with, when relevant, a return flight to the first point of departure, at the earliest opportunity.
- in the case of involuntary denied boarding you are also entitled to a compensation.
- less than seven days before the scheduled time of departure and the alternative flight departs no more than 1 hour before the originally scheduled time of departure and reaches its final destination less than 2 hours after the scheduled time of arrival.
The liability of each carrier involved in your journey shall be determined by its own Conditions of Carriage.
Information to Passengers concerning the EU Regulation 261/2004/EC and applicable rules of the Law on Obligations and Proprietary Rights in Aviation (Official Gazette 132/1998 and 63/08).
where Croatia Airlines is the operating carrier of the flight.
by 2 hours for flights of up to 1.500 km.
When your flights are expected to have a long delay, passengers are entitled to receive care while waiting.
and the possibility of making two short telephone calls, fax or e-mail messages.
In case of more than 5 hours you are entitled to a refund of your ticket for the parts not used.
If in case of overbooking you are denied boarding, voluntarily or involuntarily, on a flight for which you hold a reservation you are entitled to care and refund as laid out in the previous section on delay.
In addition you are entitled to re-routing, under comparable conditions, to your final destination at the earliest opportunity.
Subject to availability of seats, you may instead choose re-routing to your final destination at a later date of your convenience, in which case you will have to bear yourself the cost of food, accommodation and transfer.
If you have denied boarding against your will you are in addition entitled to compensation.
The form of compensation payment is at our discretion and resources available at certain airports, and shall be paid for in cash or, by electronic bank transfer, or if it is acceptable to you, in vouchers (Miscellaneous Charges Order).
The amount of Denied Boarding Compensation (DBC) depends on the distance of the schedule flight or the alternative flight proposed to you.
c) € 600 - for flights not falling under a) or b).
The above mentioned compensation amounts shall be reduced by 50%, i.e. € 125, - , € 200, - and € 300, - .
If your flight, for which you hold a valid reservation, has been cancelled, you are also entitled to re-routing, care, refund and compensation as laid out here above. If the flight cancellation is due to extraordinary circumstances, which could not have been avoided, even if all reasonable measures had been taken, you are not entitled to financial compensation, but you retain all other above mentioned rights.
less than 7 days before schedule time of departure and the alternative flight departs no more than 1 hour before the originally schedule time of departure and reaches final destination less than 2 hours after the schedule time of arrival.
Extraordinary circumstances include bad weather conditions, political instability, strikes, security risks, unexpected flight safety shortcomings.
To make a claim for compensation please contact our Representative at the airport, or Croatia Airlines Customer Relations. The person making the claim must be one of the passengers.
Alternatively, claimants can write, to Croatia Airlines, Customer Relations Department, Bani 75b, Buzin, 10010 Zagreb, Croatia, within 15 days from the day when you have been denied boarding on an aircraft of from the day when your flight has been cancelled. Claimants must supply their name and contact details, the names of other passengers being claimed for and their contact details, correct bank details, booking reference and details of the cancelled flight.
To apply for a refund of unused parts of your journey or reimbursement of the parts of the journey flown, please contact the office where your ticket was purchased. If you have booked by flyonline, check online for contact details. You will need to provide in writing your name and contact details, ticket number, booking reference, flight number, banking details, date and details of the claim you are making and supporting documents (e.g. unused ticket coupons). Please note Croatia Airlines is unable to process your claim for compensations or refunds at all airports.


text:
News April 15, 2020
Aaron Colen
Nursing home doctor says he successfully treated 39 coronavirus patients with hydroxychloroquine
'All the patients have done well'
Dr. Robin Armstrong, medical director of The Resort in Texas City, Texas. (Image source: WFAA-TV video screenshot)
A nursing home medical director in Texas said he has used hydroxychloroquine sulfate to treat 39 coronavirus patients, and all of them are doing well after five days, WFAA-TV reported.
Dr. Robin Armstrong, the medical director at The Resort nursing home in Texas City, said he decided to try the drug when faced with the real possibility that a significant portion of the nursing home's residents could die — 56 of them tested positive for the coronavirus. Because COVID-19 is especially dangerous to the elderly and those with certain underlying health problems, nursing home coronavirus outbreaks have been particularly fatal in the United States.
Armstrong said none of the patients has displayed any side effects from hydroxychloroquine, and that some of them have improved enough that they've been able to go outside for the first time since starting the treatment. He emphasized that it is not a cure for the coronavirus, but a way to ease the symptoms and help patients recover.
Hydroxychloroquine is a decades-old anti-malarial drug that has shown potential in some situations as an effective treatment for COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus that originated in Wuhan, China. It has not, however, been clinically approved for that purpose, and President Donald Trump's endorsement of the drug has led to a political, as well as a medical, debate.
Armstrong is a Republican and a supporter of President Donald Trump, WFAA reported, but Armstrong still said he was initially skeptical about hydroxychloroquine as a coronavirus treatment because the World Health Organization didn't view it as effective.
While some have framed the hydroxychloroquine debate in political terms, the idea that it might be an effective COVID-19 treatment didn't originate with the president. Doctors and researchers around the world have identified promising examples of hydroxychloroquine helping COVID-19 patients—and since there are still no approved treatments for the disease and no vaccine, some doctors view it as the best option.
The Food and Drug Administration issued an emergency authorization for the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for coronavirus treatment last month. Earlier this week, South Dakota Gov. Kristi Noem (R) announced that her state would become the first to conduct a full clinical trial to test the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine.


text:
Mississippi 7th Grade Social Studies Standards
Get Free 7th Grade Social Studies Content
Early World History
Civics, Economics, Civil Rights, Geography, and History
7.1 Illustrate an understanding of the development of civilization in the Nile River Valley.
7.1.1 Inspect how the physical features of Egypt Influenced the development of civilization.
7.1.2 Investigate how religion affected the lives of the ancient Egyptians including such aspects as architecture, the afterlife, and mummification.
7.1.3 Describe the unique features of ancient Egyptian culture and social class structure.
7.1.4 Explain the power structure of the ancient Egyptian government.
7.1.5 Determine the significance of the discovery of the Rosetta Stone.
7.1.6 Trace the influence of trade on the development of Egypt.
7.2 Examine an understanding of the development of civilization in the river valleys of China.
7.2.1 Summarize the Influence of geographical features on the development of Ancient China.
7.2.2 Compare and contrast the origins, foundational beliefs and spread of Confucianism and Taoism.
7.2.3 Describe various aspects of culture, including language, art, architecture, and social class.
7.2.4 Explain the evolution of imperial government of China.
7.2.5 Discuss the development of the Great Wall.
7.2.6 Trace the influence of trade on the development of China.
7.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the development of civilization in Indus Valley.
7.3.1 Explain the influence of geographical features on the development of Ancient Indus River Valley.
7.3.2 Analyze the influence of Hinduism on the Indian culture and social practices.
7.3.3 Describe various aspects of culture, including language, art, architecture.
7.3.4 Analyze the power held by each class of the Indian caste system.
7.3.5 Trace the influence of trade on the development of Indus River Valley.
7.4 Analyze the development of civilizations in ancient Greece.
7.4.1 Assess the influence of geographical features on the development of the civilizations of ancient Greece.
7.4.2 Explain how the polytheistic belief system of the ancient Greeks influenced their daily lives.
7.4.3 Describe various aspects of Greek culture to include the development of language, art, architecture, social class, and philosophy.
7.4.4 Debate the various forms of government to develop in ancient Greece from monarchy, to oligarchy, to democracy.
7.4.5 Compare and contrast the civilizations of Athens and Sparta.
7.4.6 Trace the influence of trade on the development of Greece.
7.5 Inspect the development Roman Civilization.
7.5.1 Explain how the geographical features of the Italian Peninsula influenced the development of Ancient Rome.
7.5.2 Compare and contrast how religion affected the daily lives of the Romans describe various aspects of Roman culture, including art, language, social class, and recreation.
7.5.3 Compare the government structure of Rome in the Monarchy, Republic and the Empire.
7.5.4 Trace the influence of trade on the development of Rome.
7.6 Explore and evaluate the development of sub-Saharan civilizations in East, South and West Africa.
7.6.1 Explain how the geographical features of sub-Saharan Africa influenced the development of civilization.
7.6.2 Inspect the origins and foundational beliefs of traditional African religions as well as the influence of Islam on the civilizations of sub-Saharan Africa.
7.6.3 Describe various aspects of culture, including art, architecture, and class structure in the civilizations that developed south of the Sahara.
7.6.4 Explain how the civilizations of sub-Saharan Africa were governed.
7.6.5 Trace the influence of trade on the development of sub-Saharan Africa.
7.7 Compare and contrast the developments of early world religions and philosophies.
7.7.1 Compare and contrast animism, monotheism, and polytheism.
7.7.2 Explain the origins and foundational beliefs of the spread of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.
7.7.3 Inspect the origins and foundational beliefs of the spread of Buddhism and Hinduism.
7.8 Assess the Middle Ages and the emergence of nation-states in Europe.
7.8.1 Explain the system of feudalism and its relationship to the development of European monarchies and nation-states, including feudal relationships, the daily life of peasants and serfs, and the manor economy.
7.8.2 Debate the effects of the Magna Carta on the feudal system and how it leads to the development of a representative government in England.
7.8.3 Summarize the events of the Crusades and explain their lasting effects on Europe.
7.8.4 Explain the role and influence of the Roman Catholic Church in medieval Europe.
7.8.5 Analyze the economic, political and social effects of the plague on Europe.
7.9 Investigate the impact of the Renaissance and the Reformation on Europe.
7.9.1 Explain the influence of the idea of humanism on the development of the Renaissance.
7.9.2 Identify key figures of the Renaissance throughout Europe to include their accomplishments in the arts, music, literature, and architecture.
7.9.3 Explain the causes, events and points of contention of both the Reformation and the Counter Reformation.
7.9.4 Trace how the Renaissance encouraged the development of trade.


text:
Q: Multiple File Upload Validation - PHP, Joomla I'm using Joomla 2.5.
I have 3 input fields in my program which allows user to upload similar design images.
<input type="file" name="design_image[]" class="image_upload" accept="image/*"/>
<input type="file" name="design_image[]" class="image_upload" accept="image/*"/>
<input type="file" name="design_image[]" class="image_upload" accept="image/*"/>

Above 3 input fields are dynamic. There is a dropdown which allows user to determine how many designs are to be uploaded. if user selects two, 2 input fields are created. if user selects three, 3 input fields are created. I'm doing it using jquery.
What I want to do is how do I make sure that user has updated correct number of files?
EG: if user selects two -> there should be 2 files uploaded,
if user selects three - > there should be 3 files uploaded
Currently what I'm doing is using PHP is
$file = JRequest::getVar('design_image', null, 'files', 'array');
if(empty($file['tmp_name'])){
            $this->_app->enqueueMessage( JText::_('Error'), 'error');
}

this works fine for a single file upload. How can I adjust my validation according to the user input?

A: PHP's array-based file upload support has a moronic way of building the $_FILES array.
normal single file:
$_FILES = array(
    'fieldname_in_file_input' => array(
        'name' => 'somefile.txt'
        'size' => 12345
        'error' => 0
        etc...
    )
);

array-based:
$_FILES = array(
   'fieldname_in_file_input' => array(
       'name' => array(
           0 => 'first_file.txt';
           1 => 'second_file.txt'
           etc..
       ),
       'size' =>
           0 => 1234, // size of 1st file
           1 => 2345, // size of 2nd file
           etc...
       ), etc...
    )
)

A: Try this
$file = JRequest::getVar('design_image', null, 'files', 'array');

if(empty($file['tmp_name'][0])){
       $this->_app->enqueueMessage( JText::_('Error'), 'error');
}

Upload
$count = count($file['name']);
for($i=0;$i<$count;$i++) {
 if($file['error'][$i] == 0)
 {
    if($file['size'][$i] <= 8388608)   //8388608 byte = 8 mb
    {
       JFile::upload($file['tmp_name'][$i],$your_new_path)
    }
 }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package org.elasticsearch.index.query;

import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
import org.apache.lucene.search.MultiTermQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.PrefixQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;

import static org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders.prefixQuery;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.instanceOf;

public class PrefixQueryBuilderTests extends AbstractQueryTestCase<PrefixQueryBuilder> {

    @Override
    protected PrefixQueryBuilder doCreateTestQueryBuilder() {
        String fieldName = randomBoolean() ? STRING_FIELD_NAME : randomAsciiOfLengthBetween(1, 10);
        String value = randomAsciiOfLengthBetween(1, 10);
        PrefixQueryBuilder query = new PrefixQueryBuilder(fieldName, value);

        if (randomBoolean()) {
            query.rewrite(getRandomRewriteMethod());
        }
        return query;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doAssertLuceneQuery(PrefixQueryBuilder queryBuilder, Query query, QueryShardContext context) throws IOException {
        assertThat(query, instanceOf(PrefixQuery.class));
        PrefixQuery prefixQuery = (PrefixQuery) query;
        assertThat(prefixQuery.getPrefix().field(), equalTo(queryBuilder.fieldName()));
        assertThat(prefixQuery.getPrefix().text(), equalTo(queryBuilder.value()));
    }

    public void testIllegalArguments() {
        try {
            if (randomBoolean()) {
                new PrefixQueryBuilder(null, "text");
            } else {
                new PrefixQueryBuilder("", "text");
            }
            fail("cannot be null or empty");
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            // expected
        }

        try {
            new PrefixQueryBuilder("field", null);
            fail("cannot be null or empty");
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            // expected
        }
    }

    public void testBlendedRewriteMethod() throws IOException {
        for (String rewrite : Arrays.asList("top_terms_blended_freqs_10", "topTermsBlendedFreqs10")) {
            Query parsedQuery = parseQuery(prefixQuery("field", "val").rewrite(rewrite).buildAsBytes()).toQuery(createShardContext());
            assertThat(parsedQuery, instanceOf(PrefixQuery.class));
            PrefixQuery prefixQuery = (PrefixQuery) parsedQuery;
            assertThat(prefixQuery.getPrefix(), equalTo(new Term("field", "val")));
            assertThat(prefixQuery.getRewriteMethod(), instanceOf(MultiTermQuery.TopTermsBlendedFreqScoringRewrite.class));
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
"Did You Know: Obsidian, developer of Alpha Protocol, is well known for their work on Neverwinter Nights 2 and it's expansions as well as Knights of the Old Republic 2. "
Home -> News Archive for September 2001
Little Big Planet (PSP) Review
Left 4 Dead 2 Review
Dragon Age: Origins Review
Fairy Tale Fights Review
News Archive for September 2001
Civilization III Pre-sales Open
16:39:35 EDT - Award
Infogrames informs us that the pre-orders are already going strong for Sid Meier's third installation of his classic series Civilization.
Pre-sales have begun for the highly anticipated third installment of the game franchise that has kept game players in front of computers way into the night for over ten years: Sid Meier�s Civilization� III. As the pre-sales mount, it has come as no surprise that the most dedicated aficionados of the game are snapping up the special limited edition version of Civilization III that has been capped at a one-time run of 75,000 units.
If you'd like to read more on Civilization III, check out the official press release by clicking "More" below!
Art of Magic Screen Shots
1:35:34 EDT - Award
3D Gaming Daily, a GameVisions sister-site, sends word that it is hosting 16 1024x768 screen shots from Bethesda Softworks' up-coming RPG, Art of Magic. The highly anticipated game will be on store shelves on October 1st.
Be sure to click "Visit Site" below to check out the action!
Throne of Darkness Ships Today
Sierra announced today that its highly anticipated ARPG--Throne of Darkness--shipped to stores today.
From the official press release:
Throne of Darkness offers gamers a massive single-player and multiplayer experience. Tightly based on Japanese mythology, the single-player game casts gamers in a fight to overthrow the Dark Warlord and his army of the undead. Seven distinct samurai are ready to challenge the evil that stalks the land. Lead up to four of these characters into battle with the unique Play Calling system for controlling the computer AI. The multiplayer game allows up to eight gamers to battle for supremacy in this ancient land.
GameVisions will, of course, be featuring a full review of Throne of Darkness in the coming weeks, so stay tuned!
If you'd like to find out more about Throne of Darkness, click "More" below.
MechWarrior 4 Expansion Site Online
For all of you Battletech fans out there, you'll be pleased to know that Microsoft has launched the MechWarrior 4 expansion, Black Knight, website for you to keep up on the latest pre-release information.
MechWarrior 4: Black Knight Expansion drops the player into the notorious Black Knight Legion, a mercenary group of MechWarriors focused on taking care of the most important people - themselves. MechWarrior 4: Black Knight Expansion introduces five new �Mechs for the player to pilot: the Sunder, Ryoken, Uller, Wolfhound and Black Knight. It also includes several new vehicles, such as the Demolisher II Heavy Tank and the Nightwind Attack Helicopter; and new weapons, like the incredibly devastating Cluster Bombs.
For more information on Black Knight, read the official press release by clicking "More" below!
XBox Production Underway
Any of you who were looking forward to grabbing an XBox for this holiday season, fear not! Microsoft has announced that XBox manufacturing has begun to have at least 1 million units ready to ship for the holiday, at it's November 15th release date.
Xbox will launch in North America on Nov. 15, 2001. The company also reconfirmed it will ship 1 million to 1.5 million Xbox consoles to North American retailers this holiday season, with replenishment of more than 100,000 Xbox units each week.
"Put a great big 'X' on Nov. 15," said Robbie Bach, chief Xbox officer at Microsoft. "Xbox is the one worth waiting for. It's the only video game system being manufactured in North America. This is significant because it assures retailers that we can keep filling the retail channel with new Xbox units week after week."
To check out the entire press release, click "More" below.
Empire Earth Betas In Stores Now
For those of you who just can't wait to get you hands on Stainless Steel Studio's up-coming RTS no longer have to wait until November. The public beta CDs are reportedly in stores now for anyone pre-ordering the game from a select few retailers.
Consumers interested in beta testing Empire Earth(tm) need only pre-order the game at their local Best Buy, CompUSA, Electronics Boutique, Fry's, GameStop, Software Etc. or Babbage's retail store. All beta testers will get a pre-release version of the game, and have access to a private message board to communicate directly with the developers at Stainless Steel Studios, Inc.
If you're interested in finding out more about this program, click "More" below to read the full press release!
Links Championship Edition Ships Today
For those of you who enjoy a good, low-intensity sports game now and then, Microsoft announced that Links Champion Edition has shipped today.
In Links Championship Edition, you can play on any of 13 world-class courses as or against six tour pros, plus a large selection of amateurs, and design your dream course with over 1,600 objects to choose from. It will be available for an estimated street price of $54.95, with a $20 USD mail-in rebate for owners of Links 2001. (Please see package for details.)
To check out the entire press release for further details on what is included in Links Championship Edition, just click "More" below!
Visions of Reviews -- Independence War 2: Edge of Chaos
Of all the top space sim games, one has always been just a bit different. As the sequel to one of the most highly acclaimed space fighter sims of all time, expectations were exceptionally high. Does Independence War 2 run away with the loot, or do space pirates everywhere get robbed?
From the Review:
The actual gameplay is quite different from most other games, however. Most space sims involve getting a mission, playing the scenario, being debriefed and starting another mission. I-War2 features a continuous world. You can go to any part of space, in any star system, at any time. That being said, pirating cargo freighters at jump points and bases is a very good way to juice up your ship early on in the game, though the really nice hardware doesn't start coming in until later in the game.
Be sure to check out the entire review by clicking "Review" below, or by simply clicking the Independence War 2 logo in the "featured" bar!
Half-Life Mod Expo Postponed
For all of your Half-Life mod teams out there, you should be aware that Sierra's mod expo has been postponed as a result of current events.
From Sierra:
Given the activities of the past week and their impact upon travel in and to the United States, the third annual Half-Life Mod Expo will be postponed to a later date. When we have a new date set for the event, we will release that information as well as a list of the mods to be shown at this year's event.
Be sure to stay tuned and find out when the rescheduled date is!
NOLF Game of the Year Edition Announced
Sierra announced today that The Operative: No One Lives Forever, one of a select few commercial games to go open source, will be re-released in a new game of the year bundle.
Game of the Year Edition Special Feature Set
* The original game featuring 15 missions over sixty levels
* An all-new mission featuring four new levels of heart-pumping action, deadly intrigue, danger at every turn, and Cate in the heart of an active volcano
* New exclusive textures, and a new enemy model to outwit
* Map editor and source code included to allow players to create and share their own mission levels
* Bonus music CD - Original "In-the-Lounge" music CD featuring groovy 60s music
* Bonus Strategy Guide - Prima's official primer to the shadowy world of Agent Cate Archer
To read the entire press release and find out all the juicy bits on this one, click "More" below!
Visions of Reviews -- Arcanum: Of Steamworks and Magick Obscura
Arcanum takes Fallout and sends it a few eons back in time to when magic was common in the world, and technology had begun to creep in by way of the steam engine and science. But does it contain the essence of true creativity, or should it just be nuked?
In the beginning you can barely fight anything, so there is no way you can really gain enough experience to really begin leveling up and gaining new abilities (depending on player class, but generally, those that do well at first, do badly later.) Granted, the game gets a bit easier as you proceed more deeply into the core of the story and begin to get enough experience to get some more powerful spells or tech (on my spell tree, I went with a summoning tree first and was amazed how easy combat became after that. If only I could boost my fatigue (like mana) enough to sustain two demons for a length of time without waiting to recharge.
Be sure to check out the entire review by clicking "Review" below, or by simply clicking the Arcanum logo in the "featured" bar!
Visions of Reviews -- Age of Empires II: Gold Edition
Age of Empires is one of the most highly played multiplayer RTS games around, and has always taken a slightly different, more realistic, approach to strategy. To find out of the sequel truly tops the first, and if the gold edition is really worth its weight in gold, check out our review of AOE2: Gold Edition by clicking "Review" below, or by simply clicking the "AOE" logo on the "featured" bar!
Acranum Patch 1.0.6.9 Released
Sierra has release the latest patch for Arcanum, 1.0.6.9, containing some much awaited features including the fullscreen option.
Sierra and Troika Games today announced that they have posted a patch for the recently released role-playing game, Arcanum: Of Steamworks and Magick Obscura. The patch adds several new features and addresses balance and playability issues found in the retail release of the game. More details about the patch can be found in the "readme" information below.
Be sure to check out the download locations, as well as the full Readme file, by clicking "More" below!
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Little Rock Veterinary Clinic is a full-service veterinary medical facility, located in Little Rock, AR. The professional and courteous staff at Little Rock Veterinary Clinic seeks to provide the best possible medical care, surgical care and dental care for their highly-valued patients.
We are committed to promoting responsible pet ownership, preventative health care and health-related educational opportunities for our clients. Little Rock Veterinary Clinic strives to offer excellence in veterinary care to Little Rock and surrounding areas.
Please take a moment to contact us today, to learn more about our veterinary practice and to find out more information about how Little Rock Veterinary Clinic can serve the needs of you and your cherished pet.


I must say that 2015 has been to date the most pivotal year of my life. It started out on a sunny beach in Mexico with a new job lined up and went on from there. I started and got oriented to the schedule of the new job. This year I didn't make as many smaller trips as I would have liked but my trips to France and Greece made up the difference. I had a great time at both places and would love to visit more countries. This year I finally bought some furniture after living like an indoor camper for 3 years. A couch, tv, dining room table, and bookshelves were added to my apartment and definitely made it more visitor friendly. Several friends and family flew in to hang out and spend the weekend with me and we had a lot of fun. I took a step back from some of the obligations I had in 2014 and went on a quest of sorts to live life to the fullest with as few regrets as possible. I loved and subsequently catastrophically lost but learned through the experience as always. I finally attended a college and NFL football game. I moved across the country and did another major life overhaul. It was a good year with a surprise towards the end that I didn't expect. Looking forward to bigger and better in 2016.


text:
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text:
Think, Rethink, Challenge Yourself
by Miles Patrick Yohnke
(Canada)
Between 2006 and 2009 Canadian writer Miles Patrick Yohnke wrote many pieces and among them were these three. With a foreword by Mike Murphy.
Foreword by Mike Murphy
"Drawing from his own personal challenges in life, Miles Patrick Yohnke has been teaching others along his journey to not accept second best and demand more of themselves in the way they live their lives and treat their fellow man. By speaking to others about his many inner struggles, Miles has been nurturing changes in attitudes and accountability. By demonstrating and teaching his many adaptation and coping mechanisms, to countless people throughout the years, he has been trying to change mainstream mindsets one mind at a time.
He is a tireless advocate for truth and excellence in the arts, film, music, sport, and human interaction. One may ask themselves why would he do this and be so dedicated to these and all their causes? Miles is a very deep thinker and a very spiritual person.
The answers are numerous but the one underlying common thread that weaves his life together is he never wants another to endure the abuse he went through as a child with learning challenges whom was ridiculed. To come to grips with this, he dove deep into human emotion and discovered many of the reasons others ridicule.
Through this learning process, he also uncovered why people act negatively towards themselves and others and began to challenge others and inspire them to look deep into their souls and get in touch with the real person they are, not the person whom media, corporate hypnotics, and greed are trying to keep under control to be spoon-fed worthless values and thus buying into illusional euphoria.
Miles wants people to dig deep into their being. To question who they are and what is their purpose in life. By doing so they will be on the road to true self-worth which will help to shape the world into a better place. This in turn will help them achieve their goals both personally and professionally. This covers love, family, career, and most of all hope. Hope for so many lost souls who are so much in need of self-discovery.
If there is one thing that Miles would be proud of as an accomplishment or as a legacy, it would be that he inspired people to think and that he made his parents proud by leading a useful life by serving others. Please enjoy these three pieces he has written and let these challenge you to be a better person. Thank you!"
--- Mike Murphy
Mike Murphy and Miles Patrick Yohnke
Inner Self (Demanding More From One's Self)
In my life I've met many a person, many an artist. Unfortunately most never reach their goals. I asked myself why? Over the years I have been watching, studying, and analyzing how it is that some people make it and others don't.
One of the reasons I believe some achieve their goals is their inner self.
The people I've been privileged to watch succeed have an intensity about them. They demand everything from themselves. They show up everyday, in fact every moment, and they are accountable to themselves. Everything they do has a hard statement, and they know when to stop. Very impressive.
I asked an artist recently why he wasn't where he wanted to be. His reply was, "It seems I want to learn, maybe you might say that learning was what I really wanted to do, more than achieve."
We have to stop telling people what we are going to do, what we have not yet accomplished, and tell them instead what we have accomplished. Only in this way can we be accountable for our actions. I am not accountable for achievements I have not yet reached, but I am what I have accomplished.
What steps are you going to take today to achieve?
© 2006, 2010 All Rights Reserved.
I'm afraid that human cloning is alive in today's society.
Look around; look at people. Most have the same haircuts, the same hair colors, the same style clothes. We have groups like the punk crowd, the college people, that so-called alternative group. We have your yuppie SUV business people that go to the happening places, have I missed anyone? My goal isn't to offend anyone, but simply bring attention. If you really look, not many have one. They look at media (tv, print) they walk down the street and more or less their life is bought off the rack.
The reason I write this. As an artist, it's frustrating to see the same thing over and over and then be told by these people that "I'm an original person"... please! I'm afraid most aren't. To be original in the dictionary means "never having been done before; new; novel; inventive". I see very few people in this category. Why is this important?
God made us each unique in our own special way. It would be a great shame to be the same, don't you think?
As Doug Floyd said, "You don't get harmony when everybody sings the same note."
John Cale, co-founder of the Velvet Underground, and one of our great thinkers said, "The only reason we wore sunglasses onstage was because we couldn't stand the sight of the audience."
The greatest pride lies in giving it all we have each day. All around us is inspiration and endless supply of material and resources. We need to live our lives intoxicating the landscape, not living with borders.
Everything Is Wrong
"Technology is taking the human race on a reckless ride to nowhere."
- Ted Kaczynki, A.K.A. The Unabomber
"It has become appallingly clear that our technology has outgrown our humanity."
everything is wrong,
to me these moments are unbearable,
we've lost most of our self value,
heart to heart we can speak no longer,
we used to lose ourselves in books,
we could lose ourselves to our imaginations,
now we barricade our lives in facebook,
the lost threads of our own fabrication,
this is another generation, a lost generation,
we have become fragments of what we were,
no longer able to manage one's self,
on the wrong path to question did not occur,
when o where did we lose our way,
we stare at our cellphone screens lost in the moment,
not living for the present just lost in all our torment,
lost so lost and waiting to be needed, liked, or maybe loved,
we seek to speak thru our devices,
no longer face to face,
now we hide in cyberspace,
is this where all the truth is,
technology seems to rule this land,
we hide under our own skin,
longing for another to undress,
undress the honest spirit that lies within,
where has our compassion gone,
lost so lost and ever searching,
to find a place where we belong.
Globally recognized and award-nominated engineer, producer, writer, poet and founder and C.E.O. of 5 Star Productions, Miles Patrick Yohnke brings many years of experience to the music industry; including many awards in sales and marketing. If you are looking at developing your career, Yohnke offers consulting in person, by phone or via email. For more info, please contact him directly at: 306.227.6379 or email at: miles(at)5-starproductions.com.
Read additional offerings from Miles:
Performing without a Net
Occupy Yourself
Olympic Sized Pity Pool
For Those About to Bike (We Salute You)
D.U.N.C.A.N.2.0.
Making us rethink
by: Fion
Hi Miles, thanks so much for sharing your three thought-provoking pieces with our readers here!
Many of us don't take time to really think about things, we just get through the day without delving too deeply into things, staying safe by skimming on the surfaces of matters. Thinking can be a hard task. Your observation about people who succeed, "They show up everyday, in fact every moment, and they are accountable to themselves" is such a revealing one. As human beings, we might wake up everyday, but that don't necessarily mean we "show up everyday", many days we simply sleep through, doing things on autopilot, not really being in the moment and missing out on life quite a fair bit. We might even be giving halfhearted attempts to what we're doing and then wondered why we couldn't yet achieved our goals. So often, we don't stop ourselves in our tracks and realize what's going on.
About your poem "Everything Is Wrong", it's an enlightening piece with sharp observations about how many of us let technology rule our lives. Instead of engaging in heart to heart dialogues with people that foster human relationships, many of us choose to hide behind our Facebook pages, cell phone screens, and other devices that take our attention away from real life happening around us... This is reminding me to cut down on my hours at my computer desk and to go talk to loved ones, play with my nieces, get lost in books...
Many thanks for taking time to write and pieces that make people think, rethink and challenge ourselves.


Emirates has plenty to celebrate as 2012 draws to a close and a New Year dawns. Numerous major milestones were achieved over the past twelve months across the global network.
Emirates. one of the world's fastest growing airlines, continued on its strong expansion trajectory adding 15 new destinations to the network since January 2012, bringing new countries, cultures and experiences for customers to explore. The list of new points began with Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires in January 2012 and continued with Dublin, Dallas/Fort Worth, Seattle, Lusaka, Harare, Ho Chi Minh City, Barcelona, Lisbon, Erbil, Washington DC and Adelaide. To conclude the year, services to Lyon and Phuket began in December 2012.
The launch of Emirates' Facebook in late March attracted 300,000 fans in just three weeks. Two months later, the page reached half a million fans and within just seven months of launching in the social media space, Emirates reached one million fans and is currently ranked one of the highest engaged airline Facebook pages.
In April, Emirates launched its new brand platform Hello Tomorrow –embarking on an integrated marketing communications campaign as the company continues its evolution from a travel brand to a global lifestyle brand.
In May 2012, the Emirates Group, which includes dnata, announced its annual results, which included profits of US$ 629 million for the financial year ending 31st March 2012. Emirates airline posted its 24th consecutive year of profits amid continued economic unease and record high fuel prices.
In line with the increase in destinations and frequencies, Emirates continued its rapid fleet expansion during 2012, receiving delivery of an unprecedented 33 aircraft, which included a record 11 Airbus A380s and 22 Boeing 777s, among them four freighters.
The growth of Emirates' A380 fleet and routes expansion is unparalleled. On 10th December the airline added an A380 service to London Heathrow, making all five daily flights to Heathrow from Dubai serviced by A380s; and on 1st December Singapore and Moscow were added.
On 1st November an A380 service was added to Melbourne, meaning Auckland had a double daily A380 service to Dubai and beyond – one flight via Sydney and the other via Melbourne. From 1st January 2013, the A380 service for flights from Dubai to New York and Paris will go double daily.
Emirates celebrated the unveiling of the 1,000th Boeing 777 during a special event in March at Boeing's plant in Everett, Washington in the US which was attended by His Highness Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Chairman and Chief Executive, Emirates Airline & Group, and a delegation of dignitaries from the UAE and senior Emirates executives.
In another first for the business, on 1st October 2012, Emirates took delivery of three new aircraft in a single day – the airline's 24th and 25th Airbus A380 and the fleet's 78th Boeing 777-300ER. That was followed in December with a record-breaking five aircraft being delivered in one month: three A380s and two Boeing 777s – all representative of the speed of growth throughout the year and a strong platform for expansion into 2013.
Emirates' award winning inflight entertainment experience will now be even better due to the newly enhanced wide personal TV screens – 27-inch in First Class, 20-inch in Business Class and 12.1 inch in Economy Class, all with high definition resolution.
In addition, Emirates' OnAir system now allows passengers on board any A380 to use their own mobile phones to make and receive phone calls and text messages inflight. The service is in addition to the OnAir WiFi service already available on Emirates A380 aircraft.
For families, Emirates' on-board children's product was improved with the launch of new monster-themed selection of toys for pre-school children, with quirky names. The new characters, which each have their own personality traits and hobbies, join four existing characters in the collection. For older children, Emirates launched a collection of travel-inspired products co-designed with Quiksilver.
This year, Emirates has continued to invest in the addition and upgrade of lounge facilities. In February, the airline opened its first airport lounge on the USA's West Coast – at San Francisco International Airport (SFO) representing a $4 million investment in the Bay Area. In May, a new lounge was opened at Istanbul's Ataturk Airport (IST) and on 15th June formally opened at Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA), Katunayaka.
In November, Skywards, Emirates' frequent flyer programme, inked a deal with easyJet, Europe's fourth largest airline, which allows for redemption of Skywards Miles for flights on easyJet.
Emirates SkyCargo continues to be a significant force in the global air cargo industry, taking delivery of four additional Boeing 777 freighters during 2012. SkyCargo also won numerous awards including Cargo Airline of the year, Best African Cargo Airline and for the 24th consecutive year, Best Middle East Cargo Airline at the Cargo Airline of the Year Awards, as well as being named Air Cargo Carrier of the Year for the sixth time at the Global Freight Awards.
In early September, Emirates and Qantas announced a proposed partnership which will see Qantas move its hub for European flights from Singapore to Dubai and enter an extensive commercial relationship. The proposed partnership will provide customers with a seamless international and Australian network, exclusive frequent flyer benefits and worldclass travel experiences.
On 20th December 2012, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) issued a draft determination that proposes to grant authorisation for the partnership for five years. The implementation of the partnership remains subject to the ACCC's final determination due in March 2013.
Known for its top tier sports and cultural sponsorships, in November Emirates signed a record £150 million deal to extend shirt branding with Arsenal Football Club to run to the end of the 2018/2019 season coupled with an agreement for Arsenal's home to continue to be known as Emirates Stadium up to 2028; and accreditation of Emirates as Official Airline.
In February 2012, Emirates signed a seven year, US $90 million deal to became the title sponsor of the US Open tennis tournament and the nine tournaments leading up to the Open. In addition, sponsorship of the ATP World Tour and Rankings was announced just last weekend.
Looking forward into 2013, Emirates will kick off the New Year by launching two brand new routes – Warsaw on 6th February and Algiers on 1st March 2013 with more routes slated to be announced.
The New Year will also see Emirates' position as the industry-leading A380 operator reinforced with the opening at Dubai International Airport of the world's first purpose-built A380 concourse in January 2013. Part of the strategic plan by Dubai Airports to support Emirates' ambitious growth, the new concourse will also bolster Dubai's ambition to become the largest international air hub in the world by 2018.


There are a lot of fitness systems on the market today, some deliver results with 90+ minute workouts and cost hundreds of dollars and others fail to deliver any noticeable results at all. Finding the perfect system for you can be tough, especially if you don't have a whole lot of money to spend or a whole lot of time to invest in your fitness regimen.
The good news is that Billy Blanks, of Tae Bo fame, is back with an affordable and highly effective fitness program called Billy Blanks PT24/7. Billy Blanks PT24/7 is a complete fitness system that will help you build muscle, burn fat and get fit in a fraction of the time of other popular programs and for a fraction of the cost.
The Billy Blanks PT24/7 fitness program comes with every thing that you'll need to completely reshape your body. You get six incredible workout DVDs, the resistance bands and gloves used in the videos, plus a host of bonuses that will help you to reach your health and fitness goals faster than you would have ever imagined.
The individual workouts in the Billy Blanks PT24/7 fitness system only take about thirty minutes to complete, but they are so powerful and so effective that you'll start seeing results in as little as one week. An added bonus to the Billy Blanks PT24/7 workout system is that the workouts themselves are actually fun, which means that you'll not only be willing to perform them but that you'll actually look forward to your workout time.
Best of all, this excellent training system doesn't cost several hundred dollars, everything you need to get in the best shape of your life will only cost you around sixty dollars with this system. If you've been looking for a fun, effective and affordable way to change your body for the better, you need to give the Billy Blanks PT24/7 workouts a try.
Have you used the Billy Blanks PT24/7? Share your review!


text:
Q: Any case other than $0$ for $a=-a$ I was wondering about a rather simple type of problem. This is not any sort of homework but I was working on problems in linear algebra and in any cases that we have $a=-a$ we can simplify to then $a=0$. My question is, is there any sort of field/ring etc for which $a=-a$ would not always imply that $a=0$?
Thanks!

A: Adding $a$ to both sides gives $2a = 0$. In a field, this implies $a = 0$ if and only if $0 \neq 2$, as then we can divide both sides by $2$. A field where $0 = 2$ is said to have characteristic equal to $2$.


text:
Topelius Award and Arvid Lydecken Award Nominations
Congratulations to our Topelius and Arvid Lydecken Award Nominees 2021!
Tuutikki Tolonen is nominated for Arvid Lydecken Award with her novel "Agnes and the Garden of Dreams" (WSOY 2020, illustrated by Kati Vuorento).
"Agnes and her mother move to a new town after the parents divorce. There she finds a tombstone with the name of Agnes and her birthday on it. Agnes begins to see dreams of a garden of an old villa and a girl walking there. She gets caught up in a mystical chain of events and finds herself from the middle of the garden of her dreams. The fascinatingly written narrative moves smoothly between the present and the past."
Topelius Award nominees are Veera Salmi with her YA novel "A Beautiful Day to Die" (Otava 2020), and Finlandia-nominated Meri Luttinen with "Stormseye" (WSOY 2020).
"A Beautiful Day to Die: Isra, who has a Moroccan background, and Leo, who is thrown from one surrogate family to another, feel deadlocked. They have one goal in their life: to see the pandas of Ähtäri and die. The road trip-inspired book realistically and credibly describes the lives of young people in situations from which there seems to be no way out. The novel challenges us to think about the significance of starting points for life and its direction. At the same time, it tells a resounding story about the difficulty of making choices, getting to know yourself, and taking responsibility."
"Stormseye: In the age-old rite, young girls find their life mission. Kainu's fate turns out to be to become a sage, which brings with it a great deal of responsibility. She has to solve the riddle of the Stormseye pendant to find herself and her place in the community. Set in the ancient Finnish fantasy world, the debut novel is a great growth story that deals with difference, loneliness and overcoming one's own fears."
Topelius Award is given to a brilliant YA authors and novels, and Arvid Lydecken Award to Children's Books.
Meri Luttinen
Meri Luttinen is an award-winning Finnish debut writer from Tampere. Her debut Stormseye won the Topelius prize and was nominated for both Kuvastaja Award and Finlandia Prize for Children's & YA literature in 2020.
She has a Master's degree in Finnish language and literature and has worked teaching Finnish and creating study materials. Luttinen is fascinated by everyday life in different eras and wants to transport readers to other worlds with her texts.
Tuutikki Tolonen
Tuutikki Tolonen is the author of several acclaimed children's books, plays and academic articles. For Monster Nanny she received the Arvid Lydecken award. She teaches creative writing and has worked as an editor and reporter at Vinski, Finland's only literary journal for children. Her inspiration for the Monster Nanny trilogy sparked during a family breakfast. "My son Leo, then six, said: 'I heard on the radio yesterday that all moms have to go on vacation and monsters will take their places," she says.
Tolonen is currently writing the Agnes series, of which the first book "Agnes and the Garden of Dreams" was in 2020 nominated for both Runeberg Junior and Arvid Lydecken Awards and won LukuVarkaus 2020 award!
Veera Salmi
Veera Salmi (1976) is a Helsinki-based writer, who has worked over 15 years as a kindergarten teacher. The real starting point for her career as a writer was given by the children in the kindergarten, who said they wanted to hear storied of children who live in the city. So she started writing such stories. Now Veera Salmi is a bestselling author of over 20 books.
A Beautiful Day to Die is her brand new young adults' novel. When Salmi wrote the book she travelled around Helsinki by metro, and listened to the teenagers and young adults, making notes about the rich, innovative and international language they used.


text:
Version of section 705.174 from 2015-08-31 to 2019-08-07:
705.174 (1) An air operator shall establish procedures to ensure that level 2, level 3 and level 4 incidents of interference with a crew member are reported to the air operator and to allow for the reporting of a level 1 incident.
(2) An air operator shall specify in the company operations manual and in their flight attendant manual the procedures established under subsection (1).
(3) A report of an incident of interference with a crew member shall contain the information set out in section 725.174 of Standard 725 — Airline Operations — Aeroplanes of the Commercial Air Service Standards .
(4) An air operator shall ensure that reports are retained for a period of three years after the date of the incident and are made available to the Minister on request.
(5) An air operator shall submit to the Minister statistics relating to incidents of interference with a crew member, the content of which is set out in section 725.174 of Standard 725 — Airline Operations — Aeroplanes of the Commercial Air Service Standards , every six months.


text:
Israel Russia Pans Annexation on Eve of Netanyahu Visit
Russia Pans Annexation on Eve of Netanyahu Visit
By Hamodia Staff
Wednesday, September 11, 2019 at 2:02 pm | י"א אלול תשע"ט Updated Wednesday, September 11, 2019 at 4:44 pm
Russia's President Vladimir Putin sits in front of members of a local electoral commission at a polling station during the Moscow city parliament election in Moscow, Sunday. (Sputnik/Alexei Nikolsky/Kremlin via Reuters)
On the eve of a meeting between with Vladimir Putin and Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu, Russia issued a warning on Wednesday that the latter's pledge to annex the Jordan Valley could escalate tensions in the region.
The Russian foreign ministry said it's concerned by the plan, saying its implementation could lead to a "sharp escalation of tensions in the region (and) undermine hopes for the establishment of long-awaited peace between Israel and its Arab neighbors."
Netanyahu confirmed Wednesday that he will fly to Sochi, Russia, on Thursday, where he will meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin. The leaders will discuss regional issues including the situation in Syria, with an emphasis on tightening the military coordination mechanisms, according to an official statement.
Prime Minister Netanyahu will also meet with Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, and will be accompanied by the Director of the National Security Council, GOC Intelligence and GOC Operations.
This will be the 13th meeting between Putin and Netanyahu since September 2015, making the Russian president the leader Netanyahu has met with more than anyone else during that period.
The last time the two met was in Moscow on April 4, just five days before the last Israeli election. That visit came shortly after Moscow helped Israel gain the return of the remains of IDF Sgt. Zachary Baumel, Hy"d, widely viewed as a gesture to help Netanyahu in those elections. Similarly, the timing of Thursday's visit is being viewed by many as politically motivated.
Updated Wednesday, September 11, 2019 at 4:44 pm add russia comment
BOI Goes After Online Money-Laundering
Sudan Claims Downing of Israeli Drone
FOCUS: Why Weren't F-35s Used in Israel's Raids in Syria?
Court Overrules Shortened Sentence of Hadas Malka's Murderer
Israeli Spacecraft Stays On Course to Moon Despite Navigation Problem


text:
use std::io;

struct Item(&'static str);

struct Location {
    description: &'static str,
    items: Vec<Item>,
}

// how to do actions?
// as an enum? sounds reasonable.
// what properties do they have?
// a keyword which is typed in
// one or more arguments, possibly a variable number
// something which happens when they are invoked

// "look": print the area description
// "take + item": move the item to the player's inventory
// "go + direction": move to the area in that direction
// "use + item (+ object)": maybe remove the item, invoke a (targeted?) effect

// alternatively, instantiate actions at runtime
// write a struct for each one with arity and synonyms
// problem: each one is associated with a function of some sort
// do not want to go adding these at runtime if it can be avoided

fn parse(command: String) {
    let mut tokens = command.split(' ');
    let verb = tokens.nth(0);
    match verb {
        Some("look") => println!("You look around."),
        Some("take") => println!("You take something."),
        Some("go") => println!("You go somewhere."),
        Some("use") => println!("You use something."),
        Some("quit") => println!("Need CTRL-D for now."),
        _ => println!("Unknown command!"),
    }
    // look should just check for arity 0 invoke an associated function
    // take should parse rest of the command, see if there is an item with a name equal to the rest of the command
    // go should parse exactly one more token and go in that direction... how?
    // use should parse either one or two tokens and act accordingly
}

fn main() {
    let item1 = Item("Little key");
    let item2 = Item("Big key");
    let hall = Location{ description: "A wide open space. Streams of lava flow on both sides of the entry gate.",
                         items: vec![item1, item2] };
    loop {
        let input = io::stdin().read_line()
                               .ok()
                               .expect("Failed to read line");
        parse(input);
    }
}


CZECH REPUBLIC - According to a recent report from the US Department of Agriculture's Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA's FAS) poultry consumption and production in the Czech Republic has been stagnating, being limited by significant imports from larger producers, mainly from neighbouring Poland.
Poultry meat production in 2014, as reported by the Czech Statistical Office, increased only very slightly, by 0.8 per cent, to 149,410 MT of carcass weight.
In the third quarter of 2015 poultry production increased by 0.6 per cent year-on-year.
This rather stagnating trend goes hand in hand with stagnating consumption. Chicken meat production, as reported by Eurostat, reached 143,870 MT in 2014, while turkey meat production is reported only at 1,010 MT.
Total meat consumption in the Czech Republic has been gradually declining or stagnating. Increasing prices of meat and the steady shift to the healthier lifestyle are the main factors driving the overall decline in meat consumption.
Poultry consumption peaked in 2005, when it doubled compared to 1995. Since 2005 the per capita poultry consumption levelled off, fluctuating around 25 kg per capita, reaching 24.3 kg per capita in 2013, as published by the Czech Statistical Office.
Broiler meat gained its increased popularity among consumers because of its relatively favourable price, when compared to other meats, healthier profile, and its easy and fast preparation.
Imports of broiler meat originated mainly from Poland, Brazil and Germany and reached 87,553 MT in 2014.
Exports in the same year were 35,520 MT and went mainly to Slovakia and The Netherlands.
In 2015, January to September, broiler meat imports reached 73,294 MT and exports 24,842 MT, destinations remain unchanged.
Turkey meat imports originate from the same suppliers as broiler meat. In 2014 they reached 14,330 MT, and in the first three quarters of 2015 they amounted to10,697 MT.
Turkey meat exports went mainly to Austria and were 1,992 MT in the first three quarters of 2015.
In 2014 turkey meat exports reached 2,916 MT with Austria being a main destination.
In 2003 the EU set up an extended control programme for zoonosis, considering Salmonella as a priority. Enhanced Salmonella control programmes in poultry were implemented in all EU Member States.
Targets were set for the reduction of Salmonella in poultry flocks (e.g. laying hens, broilers, turkeys).
The Czech Republic implemented the programme in 2007. Since 2007 the percentage of inflicted flocks decreased more than ten times to the current 1.4 per cent.
Subsidies paid within this programme reached 186.7 million CZK in 2013 (approximately U.S. $7.333 million), according to the Poultry Situation and Outlook Report published by the Ministry of Agriculture.


text:
The RSCDS Health Strategy has been developed in response to the increasing evidence of the positive health benefits of regular, moderate and intense dance activity. The Strategy utilises the scientific findings that point to the benefits of Scottish Country Dancing and endorses the Scottish Government's National Physical Activity Strategy "Let's make Scotland more active" (Feb. 2003) and the five-year review of February 2009.
The RSCDS Health Strategy supports the government's target of 50% of adults undertaking 30 minutes of intensive activity most days of the week and links with the "Get Scotland Dancing" campaign launched in October 2010 by the Minister of Culture, Fiona Hyslop. Further research carried out by Strathclyde University in Glasgow, led by Dr. Paul Dougall, confirms the evidence that Scottish Country Dancing is an effective recreational exercise for particular types of fitness, with extensive measurable benefits for older people.
The RSCDS emphasises the three elements of fitness, fun and friendship that Scottish Country Dancing provides, and is uniquely placed to deliver these benefits through its worldwide network of Branches and Affiliated Groups.
The main aims of the strategy are:
To encourage those with a range of health issues to be active and to participate in Scottish Country Dancing
To increase the regular attendance of those with a range of health issues at RSCDS local Branch and Affiliated Group classes and related dance events
To increase local Branch, Affiliated Group and RSCDS membership to safeguard Scottish Country Dancing for future generations
The strategy will be implemented by:
Providing information to health service providers, local councils, other relevant agencies in the public and voluntary sector, and self-help groups to encourage their support and direct engagement with the strategy
Providing information to local media to increase public awareness and to enlist their support and direct engagement with the campaign
Providing information to local councillors and parliamentarians to encourage their support and promotion of the campaign
Widely publicising the benefits of Scottish country dancing through the strategic distribution of targeted posters, publicity and other recruitment materials in key areas and centres
The impact of the strategy will be assessed by:
Systematic Branch and Affiliated Group monitoring and recording of all contacts and agencies actively supporting the campaign, along with all outlets and places used to display posters and distribute information, and completion of short questionnaires for all new enquiries and expressions of interest in Scottish Country Dancing
Evaluation at the end of the dancing year, when all recorded information, feedback and other relevant comments should be sent to the RSCDS office


text:
RapidRide is a network of limited-stop bus routes with some bus rapid transit features in King County, Washington, operated by King County Metro. The network consists of seven routes totaling  that carried riders on approximately 64,860 trips on an average weekday in 2016, comprising about 17 percent of King County Metro's total daily ridership.

RapidRide lines are faster than typical local bus routes because they service fewer stops (on average, 40% fewer than the routes they replaced), make extensive use of bus priority to preempt traffic lights, and on some lines, use special lanes to bypass traffic. RapidRide lines run no less often than every 10 minutes during peak commuting hours and every 15 minutes on weekends and during most off-peak hours. Most lines (except the B and F lines) also have night owl (late night and early morning) service.

History
The creation of the RapidRide network was one of the main elements of King County's "Transit Now" initiative that was proposed in April 2006 and approved by voters in November 2006. Funding for the construction and operation of the lines came from a 0.1% sales tax increase included in Transit Now, contributions from local cities and over $80 million in grants from state and federal agencies.  One of the most notable local contributions was from Seattle, which funded traffic signal and roadway improvements with the city's "Bridging the Gap" property tax levy, passed at the same time as Transit Now in November 2006.

Transit Now called for a network of routes that included these bus rapid transit features:
 High-frequency operation (defined as 10 minutes or less)
 Faster, more reliable trip times through exclusive, HOV or Business Access and Transit (BAT) travel lanes, and/or priority at intersections through transit signal priority and queue jumps
 Improved shelter waiting areas with real-time information at major stops
 Low emission hybrid diesel-electric buses
 Branded buses and facilities with a unique look and feel

These improvements were to be made on five key travel corridors identified in the initiative:
 Shoreline/Downtown Seattle via Aurora Avenue North
 West Seattle/Downtown Seattle via West Seattle Bridge
 Ballard/Seattle Center/south downtown stadium area via 15th Ave Northwest & West Mercer St with service or frequent connections to Ballard High School and the Ballard business district
 Federal Way-Tukwila via Pacific Highway South
 Bellevue-Redmond via Crossroads and Overlake

Planning and construction began shortly after approval of the measure. Along each of the corridors, fiber-optic cable was utilized to enable a Transit Signal Priority system (to synchronize traffic signals with buses), an automated vehicle location system and the features on "tech pylons" to be installed at certain locations.

Every stop along the line received some level of improvement, with the degree of investment determined by the ridership. All stops were enhanced with new concrete, RapidRide signage, and a new bus stop flag featuring route information, a solar-powered area light, and a stop request strobe light, to signal to drivers that a passenger is waiting. Additionally, moderately busy stops received new shelters, benches and trash cans. The busiest stops were improved into "stations" with large shelters and a "tech pylon" with an electronic real-time arrival sign, audible arrival information, a backlit route map, and an ORCA reader for off-board fare payment.

Shortly after the approval of Transit Now, Metro's revenues sales tax revenues saw a steep and prolonged decline. To combat the loss of income Metro underwent a series of efficiency measures, including restructuring routes to reduce operating costs. The RapidRide system was largely shielded from these cuts because federal and state grant funding helped pay for new buses and infrastructure. Also, in many cases, Metro actively restructured its network to shift riders to the new faster, high-capacity RapidRide routes.

The A Line between Federal Way and Tukwila International Boulevard station was the first to begin service on October 2, 2010, leveraging the pre-existing high-occupancy vehicle lanes on Pacific Highway South and International Boulevard (both part of State Route 99). The line replaced Route 174, that mainly operated along the same corridor and complements the nearby Central Link light rail line that opened just months before the A Line. The A Line has terminals at the Tukwila International Boulevard Link station and the Federal Way Transit Center (which is expected to receive Link Light Rail service in the future).

One year later on October 2, 2011, the B Line opened on the Eastside, connecting Redmond, Overlake, and Bellevue. The opening of the RapidRide corridor enabled a major restructure of most of the bus routes serving the Eastside. In addition to the B Line, three new routes were created, 11 routes received new a routing, and 13 routes were deleted.

Next up were the RapidRide corridors in Seattle, but the nationwide economic downturn forced Metro to create a lower cost routing than was proposed in the Transit Now measure. The connection between Ballard and the south downtown stadium area was scrapped in favor of interlining the West Seattle and Ballard lines. Upon reaching downtown, northbound C Line buses would change signs to continue north as the D Line and southbound D Line buses would change signs to continue south as the C Line. For riders, that meant that instead of running to the south downtown stadium area, the Ballard line would only reach the midtown area of Downtown Seattle. The move allowed King County Metro to purchase fewer buses and save on operations expenses. This interline was finally broken in March 2016 after the passage of Proposition 1 in the City of Seattle, dedicating additional tax revenue to support the Metro system.

After several months of outreach by the Seattle Department of Transportation, it was decided that the C Line would serve the Alaska Junction (a major transfer point for buses), the Fauntleroy ferry terminal and Westwood Village. For the D Line, the decision was made to serve Ballard High School and the Crown Hill neighborhood and offer frequent connecting service to the Ballard business district via Route 44 on NW Market Street and the new Route 40 on Leary Ave NW. In the years since the change, both Route 40 and 44 have become so popular that they are now scheduled to be converted into RapidRide corridors.

RapidRide service from Downtown Seattle to Ballard and West Seattle began on September 29, 2012. The opening of the new lines (along with budget cuts forced by the economic downturn) prompted a substantial restructuring of Metro's system in Seattle. Five new routes were created, dozens were revised, and 15 were deleted (including several routes that dated back to the streetcar-era).

The third line to open in Seattle, was the E Line along Aurora Avenue North. It replaced one of the busiest and most infamous routes in Metro's system, the 358 Express.  While the implementation of the E Line did not trigger another major restructuring of routes, it did require a major improvement project along Aurora Avenue. As part of the project, the cities of Seattle and Shoreline implemented BAT (Business Access and Transit) lanes along most of the corridor, reserving the outside lanes for buses and right-turning vehicles. The cities also made major improvements to pedestrian facilities along the corridor. The E Line opened on February 15, 2014 after several months of delays.

In late 2009, the construction of a sixth line was added to the system that would run between Burien and Renton in South King County. The King County Executive had initially dropped the line from the Transit Now initiative, but higher than expected tax revenue and lower than expected costs from the five initial lines, allowed the line to be funded. The F Line connects several major South King County transportation hubs including the Burien Transit Center, the Tukwila International Boulevard Link station (also served by the A Line), the transit center at Southcenter Mall, the Tukwila Sounder station, and the Renton Transit Center. The F Line was initially slated to replace Route 140, but an extension to the Boeing Renton Factory and the Renton Landing also allowed Metro to eliminate Route 110. The F Line began operation on June 7, 2014, after several months of delays.

In June 2015, midday frequencies were improved on the RapidRide C, D, and E Lines, bringing up Monday-Saturday daytime frequency from every 15 minutes to every 10–12 minutes to accommodate increased ridership. Following those changes, in March 2016, the RapidRide C and D Line were disconnected from one another. The D Line was extended to its original planned terminus in Pioneer Square, connecting riders better to South Downtown employment sites and visitors attractions. The C Line was extended into the vastly growing Denny Triangle and South Lake Union areas using new transit priority lanes on Westlake Avenue.

Lines

Current

RapidRide operates on seven corridors totaling  in length.

 A Line (began October 2010): Tukwila – Sea–Tac Airport – SeaTac – Des Moines – Kent – Federal Way
 B Line (began October 2011): Redmond – Overlake – Crossroads – Bellevue
 C Line (began September 2012): West Seattle – Downtown Seattle – South Lake Union
 D Line (began September 2012): Crown Hill – Ballard  – Interbay – Uptown – Downtown Seattle
 E Line (began February 2014): Shoreline – Bitter Lake – West Green Lake – Downtown Seattle
 F Line (began June 2014): Burien – SeaTac – Tukwila – Renton.
 H Line (began March 2023): Downtown Seattle – Delridge – White Center – Burien

Future
There are plans to add 13 new RapidRide corridors by 2025. The city of Seattle plans to pay for seven of the routes located primarily within its borders, while King County will locate the funding for the six routes in suburban areas outside of Seattle. The improvements are expected to be funded by federal and state grants. Additionally, the improvements in the city of Seattle will be partially funded by the "Move Seattle" property tax levy passed in November 2015. The network will create a grid of frequent bus lines connecting the major population centers in King County. In many cases, the opening of the routes is timed to coincide with the expansion of Sound Transit's Link light rail system.

On September 23, 2020, King County Metro announced delays to the I, J, K, and R lines. Work on the I and J lines will proceed while the R and K lines have been put on hold.

The table below details the routing, project status, and expected opening of each RapidRide line expected to open before 2025.

King County also plans to add a further seven RapidRide routes between 2025 and 2040.

Stations and stops

Stops are farther apart than typical Metro service in order to increase speed and reliability, and create "stations" that are akin to what is found on light rail lines. The stations look different from normal bus stops and have "tech pylons" that feature ORCA card readers for off-board fare payment, real time information signs and automated voice announcements to communicate estimated arrival times of RapidRide buses. To increase security, stations are lit and are patrolled by transit police. Because of the frequent headways, riders do not have to wait as long at stations as they do at normal bus stops.

Equipment
RapidRide uses low-floor, diesel-electric hybrid articulated buses that are equipped three doors and painted with an identifiable look (a red and yellow livery) distinct from the buses used on other Metro routes.

RapidRide uses a proof-of-payment system: passengers who have a valid transfer or who tap their ORCA Card at an off-board validator (located at most "station" stops) can board any of the three doors on the bus; those who do not must board through the front door, pay their fare, and get a transfer, which serves as proof-of-payment. Fares are enforced through random spot checks by contracted fare inspectors who are assisted by Metro's transit police. Coaches feature racks for 3 bikes, Wi-Fi, and security cameras. RapidRide buses have fewer seats than similar articulated buses in Metro's fleet, allowing for more room for standing riders, which increases the total number of passengers the bus can carry.

Coaches were the first to feature on-board automated announcements and signage that inform riders of the next available stop as the vehicle approaches. Metro has since deployed the same technology to all buses in the fleet.

In 2010, New Flyer discontinued the "Advanced BRT" styling (DE60LFA) that was purchased for the coaches running the A Line. Later coaches were ordered with New Flyer's "Restyled" package (DE60LFR) and include one passive restraint for wheelchair users.

Fleet roster

References

External links

Official RapidRide website

Prototype bus photo sets
From Oran Viriyincy
From user Citywalker
From usermajinandoru

Bus transportation in Washington (state)
Transportation in King County, Washington
Transportation in Seattle
2010 establishments in Washington (state)
2010 in transport
King County Metro

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia