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Bihar Masjid Attack: Primary Accused has BJP Connection, Police Deny Allegations of Delay in Probe
A victory procession was taken out by BJP workers on November 10, a day after the counting for the assembly elections was held. The procession turned violent near the mosque which was allegedly vandalised. At least four persons – all Muslims – were injured.
Umesh Kumar Ray
The masjid of Jamua Panchayat which was attacked on November 10.
Two months have passed since a mosque in Jamua village under Dhaka block in East Champaran district was allegedly attacked by persons involved in a procession after the BJP candidate's victory, however, the police is yet to make a major headway into the case.
Aggrieved Muslims have alleged that most of those who attacked the mosque still roam free and have been threatening them but the police have not been able to make any arrests.
Local resident Nizamuddin, who had lodged a written complaint at the Dhaka police station, told NewsClick: "On January 9, we were called to the police station to give our testimony. There we were asked if some of the accused named in the FIR (first information report) were innocent. We had clearly stated that they were all involved in the attack on the mosque. I may die but I will not lie."
Mazhar Alam, another witness and the secretary of the mosque that was attacked, accused the police of inaction and said that he felt political pressure was at play in this case.
"We are very upset. Most of those whose names have been registered in the FIR have not been arrested. They are roaming freely. They are threatening us with violence again. They say that nothing will happen even if the case is filed because the 'police is ours, the court is ours'," Alam told NewsClick.
About the meeting held at the police station on January 9, Alam said, "The police officers asked us in the meeting if there was anyone who was innocent among the persons named in the FIR."
"We told them that none of them were innocent but that many of the miscreants' names were left out. The mosque was attacked by 400 to 500 people but only around 30 persons were named in the FIR," he added.
With the panchayat elections due this year Alam said that the attack was a bid to polarise Hindu voters. Umakant Tiwari, another local, alleged that members of the Muslim community attacked the mosque themselves to polarise Muslim voters.
The panchayat of Jamua falls under Dhaka assembly constituency and is around 160 kms away from Patna. About 55% of the population is Hindu and the rest is made up of Muslims. The mosque is located in ward number 3 of Jamua panchayat. Around 90% of the population of this ward, according to the local people, is made up of Hindus.
RJD leader Faisal Rahman was elected from the Dhaka assembly constituency in the 2015 state elections. In 2020, BJP leader Pawan Kumar Jaiswal defeated him by nearly 10,000 votes.
A victory procession was subsequently taken out by BJP workers in the evening of November 10, a day after the counting for the assembly elections was held.
The procession turned violent near the mosque which was allegedly vandalised. At least four persons – all Muslims – were injured.
"People involved in the procession entered the mosque at around 6 pm and broke the gate, window panes and the mic, chanting the slogan Jai Shree Ram," according to the written complaint submitted by Nizamuddin to the Dhaka police station and accessed by NewsClick.
The complaint mentioned that the accused named in the FIR started pelting stones at the mosque and at the houses of members of the Muslim community who were also abused. The complaint mentions that members of the mob were saying that Muslims should be locked inside the mosque.
According to the complaint, some of those involved in the procession had firearms and that three Muslims were beaten with the butts of the firearms.
Based on the written application, the police registered an FIR under sections 147, 148, 149, 448, 341, 323, 337, 307, 153A, 295 (A) and 427 of the Indian Penal Code and under Section 27 of the Arms Act.
Primary Accused has BJP Connections
On November 10, police had arrested two accused – Pawan Kumar and Vinay Kumar –s who were named in the FIR.
Two days after their meeting with the police officers, main accused Devendra Tiwari was nabbed on the night of January 12. Tiwari was leading the procession, according to the locals.
Shivaji Singh, SHO (station house officer) of Dhaka police station, told NewsClick: "We raided the house and arrested him. Action is being taken to arrest the other accused."
Devendra Tiwari is a close relative of BJP's East Champaran district president Umakant Tiwari. Umakant is the husband of Shanti Devi, the mukhiya or panchayat chief of Jamua.
Umakant Tiwari confirmed to NewsClick that Devendra was his relative but added that he did not hold any post within the BJP. "He is a normal worker," Umakant said.
Contrary to claims made by the masjid secretary and complainant, Umakant Tiwari said that the people leading the procession had not attacked the mosque. He told NewsClick: "The victory procession was peaceful everywhere, but why did all this happen near the mosque? The people involved in the procession did not pelt any stones at the mosque, but those people (Muslims) themselves vandalised the mosque and they succeeded in convincing the administration that the attack was carried out by the people who were part of the victory march."
Advocate Shatrughan Singh, who is contesting the case on behalf of the victims, told NewsClick, "The two accused who were arrested earlier had applied for bail three times but it was rejected. This shows the gravity of the case."
Applications for anticipatory bail were filed on behalf of the 29 other accused named in the FIR, including Devendra Tiwari. "We will keep opposing their bail," Singh said.
"Devendra Tiwari's name had also come up in communal incidents prior to this one. We are procuring verified documents related to those incidents," said Singh.
"All the accused should have been arrested by now, but more than two dozen accused are still out of police custody. The police are definitely lax in the investigation," he added.
'We are Working in a Very Difficult Situation'
At the time the mosque was attacked, Abhay Kumar was the SHO of Dhaka police station. He was shunted out in the last week of December for his alleged role in an old case and Shivaji Singh was made new SHO.
On the allegations of delayed action in the case, Shivaji Singh told NewsClick: "I am not going to comment on whether action has been late or not but I can say that we are taking action in the case."
"This is not a normal case. You know what kind of atmosphere we live in. We are working in a very difficult situation," said a policeman at the station on the condition of anonymity.
The writer is a freelance journalist based in Bihar.
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Laine Business Accelerator to award thousands to five county businesses
Five businesses in Cattaraugus County will have the opportunity to share $35,000 in funding to help jump-start their operations.
The Laine Business Accelerator is a three-month program designed to attract and quickly grow local businesses. Business owners can learn more and apply for the program through July 30 at www.lainebusinessaccelerator.com.
The five businesses selected will receive funding, mentorship from top entrepreneurs, coaching, and workshops specifically designed to boost their businesses.
"This is an amazing opportunity for our community. We're going to put everything into growing and supporting these businesses," said Tom Cullen, director of St. Bonaventure University's Innovation Center.
The program will run from September through December 2021 and feature mentorship meetings once a week along with entrepreneurs sharing their tips to a build a successful business, Cullen said.
"SUNY JCC is excited to work with St. Bonaventure and our other community partners in Cattaraugus County on this new venture made possible by the bequest from the Laine family," said Daniel DeMarte, JCC president. "This initiative and its development provides us the opportunity to collaborate in new and exciting ways."
Each winner will receive $1,000 on being accepted and the program will finish with a Community Showcase day when one team will be awarded $10,000; the remaining four will each receive $5,000.
The accelerator is a collaboration between St. Bonaventure University, SUNY Jamestown Community College, SBU's Innovation Center, Olean Business Development Corp. and Cattaraugus Region Community Foundation. More than a dozen businesses, organizations and educational institutions have already committed to partnering with the program to help advance Cattaraugus County's economy.
"The accelerator program gives local entrepreneurs a tremendous opportunity to boost their businesses," said Jim Stitt Sr., executive chairman of Olean's CUTCO Corp.
The program is funded by the Erick Laine Entrepreneurship Fund at Olean Business Development.
As president, CEO and chairman of Alcas (which became CUTCO in 2009), Laine oversaw the transformation of the "little knife factory" into the largest cutlery company in North America, expanding sales, work force, and the company's global presence. He passed away in 2020.
A man of remarkable generosity, Laine was a transformative figure in the region for 40 years, serving on the boards at Olean General Hospital, St. Bonaventure University, Alfred University and the Cattaraugus Economic Development Zone. Erick and his wife, Marianne, chaired the fundraising for the downtown JCC campus.
The Olean Area Chamber of Commerce honored him with the first L.O.U.I.E. award for the person who best embodies the enterprising spirit for the greater Olean community.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Allswell Home #BanTheBrunch Contest
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Method of Entry: To enter, during the Entry Period, each entrant ("Entrant") must: (i) follow @allswellhome on Instagram at www.instagram.com/allswellhome; (ii) post a photo or video on your personal public Instagram account of you and your kid(s) on your bed and tell us about your dream Mother's Day plan; and (iii) tag @allswellhome and include the hashtags #banthebrunch and #allswellcontest in the caption of the Instagram post (collectively, a "Submission"). Sharing an Instagram Story does not qualify as a Submission and is not an eligible entry. Multiple entries are eligible. Incomplete entries are void. Entries will not be acknowledged or returned. No other method of entry will be accepted.
The Contest is sponsored by Bonobos, Inc. for its Allswell business ("AllswellHome.com" or "Sponsor"). AllswellHome.com assumes no responsibility for lost, late, misdirected, illegible or mutilated entries or for any computer, online, telephone, cable, network, electronic or Internet hardware or software malfunctions, failures, connections, availability, garbled or jumbled transmissions, service provider, Internet, web site, or other accessibility or availability issues, traffic congestion, or unauthorized human intervention, or any technical malfunctions that may occur. Entrants shall be the authorized account holder of the Intagram account used to enter the Submission. "Authorized account holder" is defined as the natural person who is assigned to an Instagram account by Instagram, Inc.
2. ELIGIBILITY: This Contest is open only to legal residents of the 48 states and the District of Columbia in the contiguous U.S. (excluding residents of Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, Northern Marianas, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and other U.S. Territories) who are 18 years of age or older as of the date the Contest begins. Employees of AllswellHome.com, their parents, subsidiaries, affiliates and prize suppliers, and their immediate families (spouse, parents, children, siblings and their spouses) and individuals living in the same household as such employees are ineligible. This Contest is governed by the laws of the United States and is subject to all applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. Void in Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, Northern Marianas, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and all other U.S. Territories, and where prohibited by law. This Contest is sponsored by Sponsor and is in no way sponsored, endorsed or administered by, or associated with any social media platforming including, without limitation, Facebook and Instagram.
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After the Entry Period, all eligible entries will be reviewed and judged by a qualified panel of three (3) judges who have the required knowledge and experience to apply the judging criteria as specified below (each, a "Judge;" collectively, the "Judges") based on the following criteria: a) Creativity (30%); b) Originality; (30%); c) Style; (30%); and d) Evokes/recalls the spirit of the Contest (10%).
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In the event of a tie in the Judging Period, the Submission with the higher score in the Creativity criterion will be deemed a Winner. If necessary to resolve a further tie, a winner will be determined by the highest score in the Originality criterion, and, if still tied, then the Style criterion will be used to resolve the tie and determine a Winner. Judges' scores will not be disclosed.
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Total ARV of all prizes = $2,135.
The prizes cannot be exchanged for cash, and cannot be used in conjunction with any other promotion. Any difference between the stated ARV and the actual value of a particular prize will not be awarded in any form. Payment and reporting of income and other taxes (if any), as well as costs not expressly stated but which may be incurred in connection with the acceptance and use of a prize are the sole responsibility of each Winner. Sponsor is not responsible for any costs other than those expressly set out herein. Any prize details not specified herein will be determined by Sponsor in its sole discretion and Sponsor reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to substitute a prize of equal or greater value for any and all prizes. No other substitutions or transfer of prizes allowed unless specifically authorized by Sponsor. Prizes will only be delivered to addresses within the 48 states and the District of Columbis in the contiguous United States.
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Winners may be asked to consent to a background check to be eligible to receive a prize. If a potential Winner refuses to provide such consent, such potential Winner may be disqualified. Sponsor shall also have the right to disqualify any Entrant who commits, or has committed, any act, or is involved in, or has been involved in, any situation or occurrence, which in Sponsor's sole discretion, brings Sponsor into public scandal or ridicule, shocks or offends the community, detracts from the public image of Sponsor, or reflects unfavorably upon Sponsor.
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Except where prohibited and subject to the releases and other provisions of these Official Rules, each Entrant: (1) agrees that any and all disputes, claims and causes of action arising out of or connected with the Contest or any prize shall be resolved individually, without resort to any form of class action, and exclusively by state or federal courts situated in New York, New York; (2) agrees that any and all claims, judgments and awards shall be limited to actual out-of-pocket costs incurred and in no event shall include attorneys' fees associated with participation in the Contest; (3) agrees that no indirect, punitive, incidental, special, consequential or other damages, including without limitation, lost profits, may be awarded (collectively, "Special Damages"); and (4) waives all rights to claim Special Damages and all rights to have such damages multiplied or increased. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATIONS OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE MAY NOT APPLY TO A PARTICULAR ENTRANT(S).
The Contest and these Official Rules are governed by the laws of the State of New York, without regard to its conflicts of law rules.
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You know what's fun for me? Styling tables. I've always loved to set tables. I remember being a little girl and getting my moms pretty things out and setting her tables for Thanksgiving and Christmas. Reading etiquette books to get the silverware and plate setting just right was an afternoon well spent. These days I'm not as formal but my love for table setting still remains. This simple spring table was inspired by the Kate Spade floral tablecloth and grew from there. I used light blues and yellows to compliment the pink and also made a bud vase centerpiece for some added beauty!
Fresh croissants and yellow florals are the perfect way to say hello to your guests. Did you know yellow roses have a long history of optimism, friendship, joy and good health? Couple that with hot croissants and you have yourself a table full of delight.
What does your spring table look like this season?


What is the total footage of the project?
What is height of the fence?
How deep are the line posts buried?
Barb arms or loop tops?
Is the framework PVC coated or galvanized only?
Are the welded wire panels PVC or galvanized only?
How many 4"od corner posts?
How many 4"od end posts?
How many 4" od gate posts?
How many 6-5/8" od gate posts?
How many single swing gates? What is the width?
How many double swing gates? What is the width?
How many cantilever gates? What is the width?
What is 6 + 9?
Copyright © 2006- , Gregory Industries, Inc., All Rights Reserved.


"Understanding and Teaching Google's Algorithm and Fake News" - Sabrina Thomas, Marshall U.
"Programming for Veteran and Military Students: Meeting the Trend of Library Contributions to Student Success" - Dr. Sara Baron and Rebekah Miller, Duquesne U.
"Making the CRAAP Test Less Crappy" - Eryn Roles and Sabrina Thomas and Kathleen Phillips, Marshall U.
Public Services Librarian Anne Schwan and Head of Bevier Engineering Library Judy Brink present "Building Community at the Bevier Engineering Library."
Clare Withers, Coordinator for Virtual Reference and Liaison Librarian, and Jeanann Haas, Head of Special Collections and Preservation, present "Creating Community through the Sharing of Primary Sources: or, that's why they're known as special collections!"
Reference and Instruction Librarian Carrie Bishop, from PSU DuBois, presents "Hello Neighbor: Building Community with the High School Next Door."


I find the coastal, semi-desert places that I visit in southern Spain creatively stimulating. The penetrative sunlight (more like an x-ray) illuminating the raw and exposed heterogeneous topography of the place for me leaves its mark, as does my physical interaction with the environment through walking and driving. The past and the present are intertwined and the landscape is littered with the interrelations of human agency (largely undertakings in mining and farming) and nature (transformations and settlements of matter through natural phenomena of vastly different scales and complexities). In the development of images, my approach is influenced by Actor Network Theory (ANT).
ANT began as a sociological theory developed by Bruno Latour, Michel Callon and John Law, but is now more widely considered within other disciplines, including the arts and landscape studies. ANT configures all things of any scale – human or non-human/conscious or non-conscious – as actors that interact and comprise a study network. It argues that all actors in the dynamic and heterogeneous network have equal importance and create interconnections and associations. Massey (2005) proposes an approach to understanding space as the product of interrelations and interactions "from the immensity of the global to the intimately tiny" "…predicated on the existence of plurality" "…always under construction." If, as Massey proposes, space is always under construction and "is never finished; never closed" then these places where my images start are ideal surfaces into which I can weave my thoughts and feelings about impermanence and transience.
These spaces and first-hand experiences in the field activated what for me progressively became the questioning of dualistic absolutes and distinctions between nature and society and unlocked the possibility that such an analytical lens (dualistic thought) could itself be obscuring alternative ways of seeing and thinking about landscape, place and space. The aim of these images was to explore representational and optical hybrids which might then allude to, or suggest, a range of dynamic actants operating with a given network.
Emerging Landscapes brings together scholars and practitioners working in a wide range of disciplines within the fields of the built environment and visual arts to explore landscape as an idea, an image, and a material practice in an increasingly globalized world.
My contribution is a new collection of my own photographic images which are contextualized through an essay entitled In-Transition. My essay introduces the use of Actor Network Theory as a non-dualistic analytical tool within landscape representation. Using my images and my reflections on making the work it explores ANT and its employment in the contested environment of the desert landscapes of southern Almeria in Spain. The essay introduces my methodologies on the various groups of images in the collection.
I'm particularly pleased that Ashgate and the editors selected one of my images for the book cover.


When it comes to developing students as inventors, there is nothing more empowering than placing students in the driver's seat of their own creative journey. One rural Texas school district, Lufkin Independent School District (ISD), has worked diligently to provide access and opportunity for all students. On the cusp of broadening their implementation of "computer science for all" (#CSforAll), the Lufkin team created opportunities for students to lead the way by providing them with the tools, resources, and needed supports to tackle problems of their choosing through mentor-based collaboration and computational thinking.
As one of the leaders of the work, Rafranz Davis, executive director of professional and digital learning for Lufkin ISD, will share how a partnership with Microsoft helped her create an opportunity of a lifetime for Lufkin students, challenging them to hack their classrooms while providing each student with their own Raspberry Pi computers to continue developing their higher order thinking and computer science skills.
Join FRS for this engaging conversation. Mr. Murray and Ms. Davis will also address questions submitted by viewers from across the nation.


On 21 May 2010, the EU's General Court ruled that statements made by the French Minister of the Economy in July 2002 to the French press, pledging financial support from the French state to struggling public company France Telecom (FT), and the government's subsequent offer of a €9m shareholder loan to the company, did not constitute illegal state aid. The judgment overturns a European Commission decision from August 2004, which held that the loan the French government offered FT six months after the Minister's initial public statements, was illegal state aid. The Commission and French operator Bouygues Telecom challenged the General Court's ruling by lodging an appeal at the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in August 2010.
At the end of 2001, FT, in which the French state had a 56.4% stake at the time, was in a dire financial situation, with a net debt of €63.5bn. This situation further deteriorated over the first six months of 2002, which was reflected by several downgrades in FT's credit ratings over this period. By July 2002, FT's debt had increased to €69.7bn. There was growing concern that FT would not be in a position to meet its obligation to pay €48.9bn to creditors (due for repayment between 2003 and 2005). A further downgrading of FT's credit rating to the level just above a junk bond on 24 June 2002, fuelled concerns that FT would not be capable of obtaining the necessary capital to finance its debts on the open market.
Reacting to this situation, the Minister, Francis Mer, promised in an interview published in the French daily newspaper Les Echos on 12 July 2002 that 'were FT, to encounter difficulties… which is not the case today', the French state would 'act as a prudent investor', and take 'appropriate measures' and 'necessary decisions in order to overcome them'. The Minister's statement was followed up by two similar public announcements by the French authorities in September and October 2002, by which the government essentially pledged its continuing financial support to FT.
In response to these promises, the credit agencies maintained the pre-existing credit ratings instead of downgrading the rating to a junk bond. On 4 December 2002 the French government announced that it planned to make a shareholder loan to FT by opening a credit line of up to €9m and sent the proposed loan documents to FT later that month. However, FT did not take up the loan as it had been able to access the necessary capital on the open market to secure the refinancing. The government notified its proposal for a shareholder loan to the Commission under the state aid rules. One month later the mobile operator Bouygues submitted a complaint to the Commission, alleging that both the announcement of the loan offer and the government's statements pledging financial support constituted illegal state aid.
In 2004 the Commission held that the shareholder loan granted in December 2002 constituted illegal state aid, when placed in the context of the government's prior public statements. In the Commission's view, the public statements of July to October 2002, which were an expression of the government's intentions to resolve FT's financial difficulties, could not be disassociated from the shareholder loan offer, which the Commission considered to be simply the materialisation of these intentions. Despite this global analysis of the government's actions, the Commission considered that only the December 2002 loan offer constituted state aid.
According to the Commission, the previous statements clearly conferred an advantage on FT, which is one of the constitutive elements of state aid, by affecting the market operators' perception of FT's financial situation. However, the statements had not in themselves involved a transfer of state resources, which is another condition for a state aid finding. The Commission considered that the arguments put forward by the parties that the statements were either equivalent to a state guarantee or put the state's reputation on the line, thereby putting state resources in jeopardy either by making the state liable to investors or by increasing the cost of future state transactions, were 'innovative' and 'probably not without foundation'. However, the Commission decided to stick with a 'more traditional approach' and focus its analysis on the December measures.
In the Commission's view, the December measures conferred a clear advantage on FT. Even though the shareholder loan was never executed by FT, the appearance of the loan by the government's announcement of the credit line meant that the market considered FT's financial position to be more secure, which allowed FT to increase its means of financing and may have influenced its borrowing terms.
The Commission also considered that this advantage involved a potential transfer of state resources (as an additional burden on the state's resources was created by a combination of the announcement of the loan), the impression given to the market that the loan had actually been provided, and by the dispatch to FT of the signed loan contract. This conclusion was not altered by the fact that FT did not take up the loan, as it could have signed the agreement at any time, which would have given it the right to obtain €9m immediately. For these purposes the state was required to keep this money at FT's disposal, involving an additional burden on state resources.
The General Court considered that, when taken together, the government's public statements of support and its announcement of the shareholder loan offer in December conferred a financial advantage on FT. These statements had a decisive influence on the credit ratings agencies' decision to maintain FT's credit rating, which was instrumental in enabling FT to refinance on more favourable terms. However, the Court considered that the financial advantage from the public statements did not entail any transfer of state resources. The open, imprecise and conditional nature of the statements on the nature, scope and the conditions of potential state intervention precluded them from being considered equivalent to a state guarantee or an irrevocable commitment to provide specific financial assistance to FT.
The first time the government clearly specified the scope of the financial assistance, thus potentially engaging state resources, was in the announcement of the €9bn credit line in December. However, the Commission had failed to demonstrate that the loan announcement in itself entailed a transfer of state resources and the shareholder offer did not constitute an advantage distinguishable from the government's previous statements. The December announcement and subsequent loan offer represented a break in the series of events rather than a materialisation of the government's earlier statements, since the Commission had failed to prove that the French state had considered granting specific financial assistance as early as July 2002. The Commission had not managed to establish a link between a possible commitment of state resources in December and the advantages granted by the previous statements. The Court therefore considered that there was no state aid and annulled the Commission's decision.
This judgment confirms that the EU's General Court considers that government statements promising to bail out struggling state-owned telecoms (and other) companies will not be considered state aid if such promises are vague enough to fail to potentially engage state resources, even if such statements confer an advantage on the company by allowing them to have access to refinancing under better conditions on the open market that would be otherwise available. If the ECJ confirms the General Court's ruling on appeal, this judgment could potentially encourage other EU governments to make similar promises to secure financing for companies hard hit by the financial crisis under better market conditions, safe in the knowledge that they will escape scrutiny by the Commission.


text:
Quarterlies, Books & Newspaper Articles
From: Missouri Genealogical Records & Abstracts, Vol. 1, 4, 5, by Sherida K. Eddlemon; pub. Heritage Books, 1990
Vol. I
p. 175: Franklin Co.Missouri Intelligencer Letters at the Post Office, April 1, 1823, Vo. 4, p. 35: Ann Sandford
p. 124: Platte Co., Missouri Personal Property List, 1839: Jeremiah Stanford
p. 174: Cape Girardeau, Missouri Tax List, 1822: Ruth Sullinger, Adm. of James Stanford.
p. 167: 1807 Census: (No County listed) Robert Standelford, Warrell Standeford
p. 204: St. Louis County: 1826 Tax List: F. A. Sanford
p. 197: Cape Girardeau Co., Missouri 1829 Tax List: Present Claimant Henry Sanford (63 & 132 acres); Henry Sanford & William Garner, 320 acres
p. 170: Henry B. Sanford (Lincoln Co. Public Monies received from Nov. 2, 1829 to Nov. 1, 1830, Capitol Fire Documents, CFD 28, Folder 914. (Received November 17, 1829)
p. 173: John D. Sanford - Rolls Co., Missouri Public Monies received from Jan. 1, 1831 to October 19, 1831, CFD 28, Folder 949. John D. Standford, Deed of Conveyance, February 28, 1831.
History of Moniteau County, Missouri, p. 331 (Goodspeed)
p. 331: First Road Districts, 1845, May. No. 4-Jesse H. Standifer, appointed overseer of Road District No. 4
Early Missouri Ancestors, by Stanley, Wilson & Wilson; Vol. 1
Newspapers 1808-1822: From The Enquirer, St. Louis: Skelton Staniford appraised a stray taken up by James Dorill, signed by his mark on December 9, 1820.
From Gone to Missouri by Marilyn Moore, Pub. InfoTech, 1991
T. Standifer from Lee Co., Virginia to Linn Co., MO in the year 1851. (MM-11)
History of Andrew and DeKalb Counties - Missouri, pub. 1888
p. 380 [DeKalb Co., MO]: Baptist Church....About the year 1865 or 1867 Rev. Joseph Yates, a minister of good natural ability and fair oratorical powers, became the pastor. Seeing the condition into which the affairs of the church had gotten, he at once went to work to effect a reorganization which was ultimately accomplished with the following members: William Banta and wife, Mrs. Justus, W. H. Standiford and wife, all of whom had belonged to the original congregation.
p. 453 [DeKalb Co., MO]: Thomas L. King, in 1857, erected a steam saw mill in the southern part of the town, to which he subsequently attached machinery for grinding grain. It was afterward purchased by Messrs. Thompson & Standiford, who, about the year 1870, remodeled the structure, and converted it into a flouring-mill with machinery attached for carding, spinning and otherwise working up wool. It was in successful operation for a number of years, and as both woolen and flouring-mill proved very remunerative to the proprietors. Walter Thompson was the last owner.
p. 379 [DeKalb Co., MO.]: Methodist Episcopal Church South....Since 1867 the following pastors have ministered to the society at regular intervals: Revs. Jesse Bird, Joseph Metcalf, Charles Standford, John Dusky, D. B. Bone, W. G. Keener, G. Tanquary, C. J. Vandeventer, B. C. Howell and W. A. Hanna. The society has enjoyed a fair degree of prosperity, and, with an active membership, bids fair to accomplish much good in the future.
From: Marion Daily Star (OHIO)
SAD FATE OF A CRIMINAL'S FAMILY.
A Recent letter to the Leavenworth (Kansas) Times says: "The readers of the Times will remember that during the Platte City fair last fall the details of a terrible stabbing affray were published. The substance of the report was that Clay Snell, a young man of good family, had stabbed a young man named Nathan Andrews. As the prisoner is in jail awaiting trial little can be said about the merits or demerits of the case. There is one fact, however, that is too terrible to be suppressed, and that is the death of the entire family of the Snells. Shortly after the murder, Mrs. Lucy Ann Standiford, mother of Clay Snell, became excited over the murder and grew ill. Within a short time she died. Then Robert Snell became ill, from what is supposed to be the same cause, and after a lingering sickness, during which time he talked constantly of the family trouble, he passed away, soon followed by his little little six-months old baby. John Snell, another brother, succumbed to the strain of family excitement, and after a short illness died. Within the last three days a telegram was received in this city by Mr. Shackleford announcing the death of Miss Nettie Snell, the last but one of one blood. It was ascertained yesterday afternoon that a little seven-year-old half brother of Clay Snell, Thomas Standiford, is not expected to live. Clay Snell, who is the only survivor of this unfortunate family, is now in jail at Platte City awaiting trial for the murder of Andrews. He takes the death of the various members of his family much to heart. When his mother was buried it is said that he begged permission to attend the funeral, saying, "Send a hundred men to guard me; cover me with chains, double locked, but for God's sake let me see the last of my poor old mother!" He was not permitted to go.
Back to State Selection List


text:
package org.apache.activemq.artemis.tests.integration.ssl;

import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.ActiveMQException;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.ActiveMQNotConnectedException;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.Interceptor;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.SimpleString;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.TransportConfiguration;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.client.ActiveMQClient;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.client.ClientConsumer;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.client.ClientMessage;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.client.ClientProducer;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.client.ClientSession;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.client.ClientSessionFactory;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.client.ServerLocator;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.config.impl.ConfigurationImpl;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.protocol.core.Packet;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.protocol.core.impl.PacketImpl;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.remoting.impl.netty.NettyAcceptor;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.remoting.impl.netty.NettyConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.remoting.impl.netty.TransportConstants;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.server.ActiveMQServer;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.spi.core.protocol.RemotingConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.tests.util.ActiveMQTestBase;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.utils.RandomUtil;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Testing connection where client and server are running OpenSSL TLS
 */
@RunWith(value = Parameterized.class)
public class CoreClientOverTwoWayOpenSSLTest extends ActiveMQTestBase {

   @Parameterized.Parameters(name = "storeType={0}")
   public static Collection getParameters() {
      return Arrays.asList(new Object[][]{{"JCEKS"}, {"JKS"}});
   }

   public CoreClientOverTwoWayOpenSSLTest(String storeType) {
      this.storeType = storeType;
      SERVER_SIDE_KEYSTORE = "openssl-server-side-keystore." + storeType.toLowerCase();
      SERVER_SIDE_TRUSTSTORE = "openssl-server-side-truststore." + storeType.toLowerCase();
      CLIENT_SIDE_TRUSTSTORE = "openssl-client-side-truststore." + storeType.toLowerCase();
      CLIENT_SIDE_KEYSTORE = "openssl-client-side-keystore." + storeType.toLowerCase();
   }

   public static final SimpleString QUEUE = new SimpleString("QueueOverSSL");

   /**
    * These artifacts are required for testing 2-way SSL with open SSL - note the EC key and ECDSA signature to comply with what OpenSSL offers
    *
    * Commands to create the JKS artifacts:
    * keytool -genkey -keystore openssl-client-side-keystore.jks -storepass secureexample -keypass secureexample -dname "CN=ActiveMQ Artemis Client, OU=Artemis, O=ActiveMQ, L=AMQ, S=AMQ, C=AMQ" -keyalg EC -sigalg SHA256withECDSA
    * keytool -export -keystore openssl-client-side-keystore.jks -file activemq-jks.cer -storepass secureexample
    * keytool -import -keystore openssl-server-side-truststore.jks -file activemq-jks.cer -storepass secureexample -keypass secureexample -noprompt
    *
    * keytool -genkey -keystore openssl-server-side-keystore.jks -storepass secureexample -keypass secureexample -dname "CN=ActiveMQ Artemis Server, OU=Artemis, O=ActiveMQ, L=AMQ, S=AMQ, C=AMQ" -keyalg EC -sigalg SHA256withECDSA
    * keytool -export -keystore openssl-server-side-keystore.jks -file activemq-jks.cer -storepass secureexample
    * keytool -import -keystore openssl-client-side-truststore.jks -file activemq-jks.cer -storepass secureexample -keypass secureexample -noprompt
    *
    * keytool -genkey -keystore verified-openssl-client-side-keystore.jks -storepass secureexample -keypass secureexample -dname "CN=localhost, OU=Artemis, O=ActiveMQ, L=AMQ, S=AMQ, C=AMQ" -keyalg EC -sigalg SHA256withECDSA
    * keytool -export -keystore verified-openssl-client-side-keystore.jks -file activemq-jks.cer -storepass secureexample
    * keytool -import -keystore verified-openssl-server-side-truststore.jks -file activemq-jks.cer -storepass secureexample -keypass secureexample -noprompt
    *
    * Commands to create the JCEKS artifacts:
    * keytool -genkey -keystore openssl-client-side-keystore.jceks -storetype JCEKS -storepass secureexample -keypass secureexample -dname "CN=ActiveMQ Artemis Client, OU=Artemis, O=ActiveMQ, L=AMQ, S=AMQ, C=AMQ" -keyalg EC  -sigalg SHA256withECDSA
    * keytool -export -keystore openssl-client-side-keystore.jceks -file activemq-jceks.cer -storetype jceks -storepass secureexample
    * keytool -import -keystore openssl-server-side-truststore.jceks -storetype JCEKS -file activemq-jceks.cer -storepass secureexample -keypass secureexample -noprompt
    *
    * keytool -genkey -keystore openssl-server-side-keystore.jceks -storetype JCEKS -storepass secureexample -keypass secureexample -dname "CN=ActiveMQ Artemis Server, OU=Artemis, O=ActiveMQ, L=AMQ, S=AMQ, C=AMQ" -keyalg EC  -sigalg SHA256withECDSA
    * keytool -export -keystore openssl-server-side-keystore.jceks -file activemq-jceks.cer -storetype jceks -storepass secureexample
    * keytool -import -keystore openssl-client-side-truststore.jceks -storetype JCEKS -file activemq-jceks.cer -storepass secureexample -keypass secureexample -noprompt
    *
    * keytool -genkey -keystore verified-openssl-client-side-keystore.jceks -storetype JCEKS -storepass secureexample -keypass secureexample -dname "CN=localhost, OU=Artemis, O=ActiveMQ, L=AMQ, S=AMQ, C=AMQ" -keyalg EC -sigalg SHA256withECDSA
    * keytool -export -keystore verified-openssl-client-side-keystore.jceks -file activemq-jceks.cer -storetype jceks -storepass secureexample
    * keytool -import -keystore verified-openssl-server-side-truststore.jceks -storetype JCEKS -file activemq-jceks.cer -storepass secureexample -keypass secureexample -noprompt
    *
    */

   private String storeType;
   private String SERVER_SIDE_KEYSTORE;
   private String SERVER_SIDE_TRUSTSTORE;
   private String CLIENT_SIDE_TRUSTSTORE;
   private String CLIENT_SIDE_KEYSTORE;
   private final String PASSWORD = "secureexample";

   private ActiveMQServer server;

   private TransportConfiguration tc;

   private class MyInterceptor implements Interceptor {

      @Override
      public boolean intercept(final Packet packet, final RemotingConnection connection) throws ActiveMQException {
         if (packet.getType() == PacketImpl.SESS_SEND) {
            try {
               if (connection.getTransportConnection() instanceof NettyConnection) {
                  System.out.println("Passed through....");
                  NettyConnection nettyConnection = (NettyConnection) connection.getTransportConnection();
                  SslHandler sslHandler = (SslHandler) nettyConnection.getChannel().pipeline().get("ssl");
                  Assert.assertNotNull(sslHandler);
                  Assert.assertNotNull(sslHandler.engine().getSession());
                  Assert.assertNotNull(sslHandler.engine().getSession().getPeerCertificateChain());
               }
            } catch (SSLPeerUnverifiedException e) {
               Assert.fail(e.getMessage());
            }
         }
         return true;
      }
   }

   @Test
   public void testTwoWaySSL() throws Exception {
      String text = RandomUtil.randomString();

      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.SSL_ENABLED_PROP_NAME, true);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.SSL_PROVIDER, TransportConstants.OPENSSL_PROVIDER);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PROVIDER_PROP_NAME, storeType);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PROVIDER_PROP_NAME, storeType);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PATH_PROP_NAME, CLIENT_SIDE_TRUSTSTORE);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PASSWORD_PROP_NAME, PASSWORD);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PATH_PROP_NAME, CLIENT_SIDE_KEYSTORE);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PASSWORD_PROP_NAME, PASSWORD);
      //tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.ENABLED_CIPHER_SUITES_PROP_NAME, "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256");

      server.getRemotingService().addIncomingInterceptor(new MyInterceptor());

      ServerLocator locator = addServerLocator(ActiveMQClient.createServerLocatorWithoutHA(tc));
      ClientSessionFactory sf = createSessionFactory(locator);
      ClientSession session = sf.createSession(false, true, true);
      session.createQueue(CoreClientOverTwoWayOpenSSLTest.QUEUE, CoreClientOverTwoWayOpenSSLTest.QUEUE, false);
      ClientProducer producer = session.createProducer(CoreClientOverTwoWayOpenSSLTest.QUEUE);

      ClientMessage message = createTextMessage(session, text);
      producer.send(message);

      ClientConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(CoreClientOverTwoWayOpenSSLTest.QUEUE);
      session.start();

      ClientMessage m = consumer.receive(1000);
      Assert.assertNotNull(m);
      Assert.assertEquals(text, m.getBodyBuffer().readString());
   }

   @Test
   public void testTwoWaySSLVerifyClientHost() throws Exception {
      NettyAcceptor acceptor = (NettyAcceptor) server.getRemotingService().getAcceptor("nettySSL");
      acceptor.getConfiguration().put(TransportConstants.VERIFY_HOST_PROP_NAME, true);
      acceptor.getConfiguration().put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PATH_PROP_NAME, "verified-" + SERVER_SIDE_TRUSTSTORE);
      server.getRemotingService().stop(false);
      server.getRemotingService().start();
      server.getRemotingService().startAcceptors();

      String text = RandomUtil.randomString();

      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.SSL_ENABLED_PROP_NAME, true);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.SSL_PROVIDER, TransportConstants.OPENSSL_PROVIDER);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PROVIDER_PROP_NAME, storeType);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PROVIDER_PROP_NAME, storeType);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PATH_PROP_NAME, CLIENT_SIDE_TRUSTSTORE);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PASSWORD_PROP_NAME, PASSWORD);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PATH_PROP_NAME, "verified-" + CLIENT_SIDE_KEYSTORE);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PASSWORD_PROP_NAME, PASSWORD);

      server.getRemotingService().addIncomingInterceptor(new MyInterceptor());

      ServerLocator locator = addServerLocator(ActiveMQClient.createServerLocatorWithoutHA(tc));
      ClientSessionFactory sf = createSessionFactory(locator);
      ClientSession session = sf.createSession(false, true, true);
      session.createQueue(CoreClientOverTwoWayOpenSSLTest.QUEUE, CoreClientOverTwoWayOpenSSLTest.QUEUE, false);
      ClientProducer producer = session.createProducer(CoreClientOverTwoWayOpenSSLTest.QUEUE);

      ClientMessage message = createTextMessage(session, text);
      producer.send(message);

      ClientConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(CoreClientOverTwoWayOpenSSLTest.QUEUE);
      session.start();

      ClientMessage m = consumer.receive(1000);
      Assert.assertNotNull(m);
      Assert.assertEquals(text, m.getBodyBuffer().readString());
   }

   @Test
   public void testTwoWaySSLVerifyClientHostNegative() throws Exception {
      NettyAcceptor acceptor = (NettyAcceptor) server.getRemotingService().getAcceptor("nettySSL");
      acceptor.getConfiguration().put(TransportConstants.VERIFY_HOST_PROP_NAME, true);
      server.getRemotingService().stop(false);
      server.getRemotingService().start();
      server.getRemotingService().startAcceptors();

      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.SSL_ENABLED_PROP_NAME, true);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.SSL_PROVIDER, TransportConstants.OPENSSL_PROVIDER);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PROVIDER_PROP_NAME, storeType);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PROVIDER_PROP_NAME, storeType);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PATH_PROP_NAME, CLIENT_SIDE_TRUSTSTORE);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PASSWORD_PROP_NAME, PASSWORD);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PATH_PROP_NAME, CLIENT_SIDE_KEYSTORE);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PASSWORD_PROP_NAME, PASSWORD);

      server.getRemotingService().addIncomingInterceptor(new MyInterceptor());

      ServerLocator locator = addServerLocator(ActiveMQClient.createServerLocatorWithoutHA(tc));
      try {
         ClientSessionFactory sf = createSessionFactory(locator);
         fail("Creating a session here should fail due to a certificate with a CN that doesn't match the host name.");
      } catch (ActiveMQNotConnectedException se) {
         // ignore
      }
   }

   @Test
   public void testTwoWaySSLVerifyClientTrustAllTrue() throws Exception {
      NettyAcceptor acceptor = (NettyAcceptor) server.getRemotingService().getAcceptor("nettySSL");
      acceptor.getConfiguration().put(TransportConstants.NEED_CLIENT_AUTH_PROP_NAME, true);
      server.getRemotingService().stop(false);
      server.getRemotingService().start();
      server.getRemotingService().startAcceptors();

      //Set trust all so this should work even with no trust store set
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.SSL_ENABLED_PROP_NAME, true);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.SSL_PROVIDER, TransportConstants.OPENSSL_PROVIDER);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.TRUST_ALL_PROP_NAME, true);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PROVIDER_PROP_NAME, storeType);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PATH_PROP_NAME, CLIENT_SIDE_KEYSTORE);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PASSWORD_PROP_NAME, PASSWORD);

      server.getRemotingService().addIncomingInterceptor(new MyInterceptor());

      ServerLocator locator = addServerLocator(ActiveMQClient.createServerLocatorWithoutHA(tc));
      ClientSessionFactory sf = createSessionFactory(locator);
      sf.close();
   }

   @Test
   public void testTwoWaySSLVerifyClientTrustAllTrueByURI() throws Exception {
      NettyAcceptor acceptor = (NettyAcceptor) server.getRemotingService().getAcceptor("nettySSL");
      acceptor.getConfiguration().put(TransportConstants.NEED_CLIENT_AUTH_PROP_NAME, true);
      server.getRemotingService().stop(false);
      server.getRemotingService().start();
      server.getRemotingService().startAcceptors();

      //Set trust all so this should work even with no trust store set
      StringBuilder uri = new StringBuilder("tcp://" + tc.getParams().get(TransportConstants.HOST_PROP_NAME).toString()
            + ":" + tc.getParams().get(TransportConstants.PORT_PROP_NAME).toString());

      uri.append("?").append(TransportConstants.SSL_ENABLED_PROP_NAME).append("=true");
      uri.append("&").append(TransportConstants.SSL_PROVIDER).append("=").append(TransportConstants.OPENSSL_PROVIDER);
      uri.append("&").append(TransportConstants.TRUST_ALL_PROP_NAME).append("=true");
      uri.append("&").append(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PROVIDER_PROP_NAME).append("=").append(storeType);
      uri.append("&").append(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PATH_PROP_NAME).append("=").append(CLIENT_SIDE_KEYSTORE);
      uri.append("&").append(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PASSWORD_PROP_NAME).append("=").append(PASSWORD);

      server.getRemotingService().addIncomingInterceptor(new MyInterceptor());

      ServerLocator locator = addServerLocator(ActiveMQClient.createServerLocator(uri.toString()));
      ClientSessionFactory sf = createSessionFactory(locator);
      sf.close();
   }

   @Test
   public void testTwoWaySSLVerifyClientTrustAllFalse() throws Exception {
      NettyAcceptor acceptor = (NettyAcceptor) server.getRemotingService().getAcceptor("nettySSL");
      acceptor.getConfiguration().put(TransportConstants.NEED_CLIENT_AUTH_PROP_NAME, true);
      server.getRemotingService().stop(false);
      server.getRemotingService().start();
      server.getRemotingService().startAcceptors();

      //Trust all defaults to false so this should fail with no trust store set
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.SSL_ENABLED_PROP_NAME, true);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PROVIDER_PROP_NAME, storeType);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PATH_PROP_NAME, CLIENT_SIDE_KEYSTORE);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PASSWORD_PROP_NAME, PASSWORD);

      server.getRemotingService().addIncomingInterceptor(new MyInterceptor());

      ServerLocator locator = addServerLocator(ActiveMQClient.createServerLocatorWithoutHA(tc));
      try {
         ClientSessionFactory sf = createSessionFactory(locator);
         fail("Creating a session here should fail due to no trust store being set");
      } catch (ActiveMQNotConnectedException se) {
         // ignore
      }
   }

   @Test
   public void testTwoWaySSLWithoutClientKeyStore() throws Exception {
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.SSL_ENABLED_PROP_NAME, true);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PROVIDER_PROP_NAME, storeType);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PATH_PROP_NAME, CLIENT_SIDE_TRUSTSTORE);
      tc.getParams().put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PASSWORD_PROP_NAME, PASSWORD);

      ServerLocator locator = addServerLocator(ActiveMQClient.createServerLocatorWithoutHA(tc));
      try {
         createSessionFactory(locator);
         Assert.fail();
      } catch (ActiveMQNotConnectedException se) {
         //ok
      } catch (ActiveMQException e) {
         Assert.fail("Invalid Exception type:" + e.getType());
      }
   }

   @Override
   @Before
   public void setUp() throws Exception {
      super.setUp();
      Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
      params.put(TransportConstants.SSL_ENABLED_PROP_NAME, true);
      params.put(TransportConstants.SSL_PROVIDER, TransportConstants.OPENSSL_PROVIDER);
      params.put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PATH_PROP_NAME, SERVER_SIDE_KEYSTORE);
      params.put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PASSWORD_PROP_NAME, PASSWORD);
      params.put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PATH_PROP_NAME, SERVER_SIDE_TRUSTSTORE);
      params.put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PASSWORD_PROP_NAME, PASSWORD);
      params.put(TransportConstants.TRUSTSTORE_PROVIDER_PROP_NAME, storeType);
      params.put(TransportConstants.KEYSTORE_PROVIDER_PROP_NAME, storeType);
      params.put(TransportConstants.NEED_CLIENT_AUTH_PROP_NAME, true);
      ConfigurationImpl config = createBasicConfig().addAcceptorConfiguration(new TransportConfiguration(NETTY_ACCEPTOR_FACTORY, params, "nettySSL"));
      server = createServer(false, config);
      server.start();
      waitForServerToStart(server);
      tc = new TransportConfiguration(NETTY_CONNECTOR_FACTORY);
   }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Traditional learning methodologies based on passive transmission of information fail to develop a set of competences that students need for their professional life and for being active members of their communities. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are in need of modernizing their pedagogical methodologies, moving into active learning processes whereby students engage in activities that promote higher order learning skills like analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.
Project and Problem-based learning (PBL) are active and learner-centred methodologies in which students develop their knowledge and competences by following a problem solving process, usually based on real-life situations. The identified benefits for engineering and technology students are considerable improvements in critical, lateral and creative thinking, problem solving strategies, intrinsic motivation, group collaboration, communication skills, entrepreneurship, and integration with society. Supporting active learning through ICT tools (virtual social communities, games and VR/AR simulations) creates Virtual Learning Environments (VLE) where the new technologically-savvy generation of students feels comfortable.
Project ALIEN designs, implements, and validates an active learning methodology based on PBL environments addressing real-life issues related to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) concepts. This methodology aims to build among students skills that are in demand by industry and to facilitate their easy transition into the world of work. The ALIEN PBL, active learning intervention follows a holistic implementation that aims to make PBL a key pedagogical approach at participating institutions and beyond. The implementation involves pedagogical design, physical laboratories, a PBL digital learning platform, and instructor training for facilitating smooth deployment. The project is being implemented in a number of European and Asian countries: Greece, Portugal, Estonia, Bulgaria, the UK, Pakistan, Cambodia, Vietnam, Nepal, and Malaysia. The broad implementation ensures that the project integrates input from diverse cultural, educational, and economic environments on how to best apply PBL approaches at HEIs for better preparing students to effectively enter the work force.


According to the CDC, about one in every 12 people has asthma, and the numbers are increasing every year. Asthma is a condition in which a person's airway swells and becomes inflamed, resulting in difficulty breathing, shortness of breath and cough.
A good diet is an important part of your overall asthma treatment plan. Just like regular exercise, a healthy diet is good for everyone. That goes for people with asthma, too. Obesity is associated with more severe asthma, so you want to take steps to maintain a healthy weight. Many doctors and medical experts suspect that the specific foods you eat might have a direct impact on your asthma. But further research needs to be done before we understand the exact connection between asthma and diet. If you are allergic to certain foods, you should avoid them. Allergies can trigger asthma symptoms.
To be honest, there's really no diet that will eliminate or cure your asthma but there are certain things you could be incorporating to help. Keep in mind that individual reactions to food vary a great deal, but here are some guidelines on what to eat to possibly help asthma, or at least not make it worse.
So, in order to remove respiratory issues and expand the capacity of your lungs you should consume foods high in Vitamin C and beta carotene. You should also add carrots and celery in your meals, because it's extremely beneficial for you in reducing the effects of Asthma. You should consume food rich in chlorophyll in big amounts which detoxifies the colon and liver.
Your healthy diet for treating Asthma should include foods, such as: beetroot, capsicum, pumpkin, ginger root, pomegranate, blueberries, lemongrass, strawberry, cranberries, fennel, kale, watercress, tomato, radish, pineapple, guava, sour soup, cucumber, cilantro, spinach, and wheatgrass.
1 oz wheatgrass juice; a squeeze of lemon juice.
These small diet changes can make a huge difference in case of asthma. So, keep your diet healthy and help yourself.


This research has been conducted in the Oenesu Village, Tesabela Village, Bolok Village of West Kupang Sub District and Oesusu Village, Takari Sub District of Kupang District of East Nusa Tenggara Province. The research starting in May-June 2016, with the aim to determine: (1) profitable of corn farming, and (2) financially feasible of corn farming. The method used in this research is survey method. Location research done intentionally (purposive sampling). Types of data collected are primary data obtained from interviews with respondents based on the questionnaire, while secondary data obtained from the institution concerned.
To find the first goal, the data were analyzed using analysis of farming. The second purpose were analyzed by financial analysis tools through the calculation criteria NPV, Net- B/C, and Gross B/C. The results showed that: (1) the corn farming in research region are profitable, and (2) the investment on corn farming there are feasible to continued, because the financial analysed conducted with a positively NPV, is Rp 4.653.799,07, the value of Net B/C of 1, and Gross B/C of 1,23 or more than 1.


text:
Search results for "postgraduate"
$41.2 million for international education in Western Australia
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Which Australian universities have the highest paid graduates?
Money isn't everything when it comes to a fulfilling career, but it pays to know what your prospects are upon graduating.
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When it comes to settling into a new country, university and course, the amount of support on offer can become quite important.
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Not only does Queensland offer great weather, it also has a huge range of educational opportunities for international students.
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As the nation's capital, it's not surprising that ACT offers study options like international relations, politics, law, journalism, security and public policy.
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The wide range of higher education providers in Victoria means that degrees are available in just about every field and specialisation.
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As Australia's largest state, it's not surprising that WA offers students the best of both worlds: a great lifestyle and a range of study options.
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text:
An Unforeseen Journey
Video posted April 29, 2016 in Sports by Janae Tobia
Austin DeAngelis, 21, training at his college's public gym. Austin maintains a full course-load, works a part-time job, and finds time to dedicate toward his fitness goals.
With rigorous discipline, Austin DeAngelis will be entering his second NPC (National Physique Committee) Men's Physique Competition on April 30th. The competition is an amateur league to the IFBB Professional League, featuring the world's top athletes.
Intense training, while maintaining a strict diet, is what has helped carry DeAngelis through his months of preparation. However, he notes that something else is fueling his athletic drive. He is passionate about what he does, but his motivation comes from deep within, he says.
As a young teen, DeAngelis became a primary caretaker for his ailing father. His two older brothers were busy in school or at work, leaving DeAngelis with much more responsibility than a 14 year-old could have foreseen. Many sons his age spent their days practicing sports or watching television with their fathers. However, he spent everyday with his father like it was his last. "It was a very awkward situation, a very painful situation," DeAngelis says.
Anthony "Tony" DeAngelis was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer after an emergency room visit on New Years Eve of 2008. "The holidays don't even bring that much happiness to me anymore, it just brings up pain," Austin says. A loving husband and father of three, as described by his son, Anthony was told by doctors he only had a few more months to spend with his family. Austin's father couldn't eat or sleep, and was deteriorating quickly.
Anthony was able to fight his battle for a year and a half. "He had a family, and he loved us, and he wanted to fight it as long as possible," DeAngelis says.
DeAngelis's mother now carried the weight of two parents raising three boys, somewhat derailed from life's path. DeAngelis's brothers went off to work in order to make ends meet, leaving him alone a lot. Everyone had readjusted their roles within the family accordingly, while DeAngelis was still trying to figure his out.
DeAngelis says that feelings of depression, sleeplessness and anger overwhelmed him. Even after the gentle suggestion from his mother, he refused to seek professional help. DeAngelis was the youngest of three brothers, wandering aimlessly into manhood at the age of 14.
DeAngelis signed up for a gym near his house in New Jersey and walked there each day after school. "Even though I had no idea what I was doing, it just felt good to throw around weight and kind of, it was just letting out anger, " he explained.
This escape soon became a therapy session, and from there transcended into a passion. His body transformed, giving him confidence in himself he had not had for a while. "Getting compliments from other people like 'Oh, Austin you're looking bigger', was the greatest thing," he says.
DeAngelis competed in his first NPC show in June of 2015. After a few short months off, he found himself back in the momentum of training toward his next. Although his father won't be present to see the turnout, "He made me the man I am today," DeAngelis says.
"Mesmerize" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Video: The Man I Am Today
Austin DeAngelis says he gives full credit to both of his parents to making him the man he is today. Despite his father's sudden death, DeAngelis believes he was still able to learn a valuable lesson from his childhood role model. "I'll never forget it, at the wake and funeral for him, the line was out the door. We actually had to extend his session because that's how many people he affected. That's when I understood that the most valuable currency you can have in life isn't money, isn't success—it's how you affect other people and the impact you have on other people's lives," DeAngelis says.
DeAngelis says he also credits his mother, Diane, for her ability to take on the role as both parents. He explains that she carried much of the weight following his father's death and, for that, he will be forever thankful.
Janae Tobia
Senior / Broadcast Journalism; Psychology
Janae is a broadcast journalism and psychology dual major with a passion for connecting with her audience. She is a former PR intern for "O, The Oprah Magazine" and entertainment host for Penn State's "Hollywood Now". After graduating in May 2016, Janae hopes to take her communication skills and intimate level of understanding for others to the professional world as a powerful and moving storyteller.
WLAX: No. 14 PSU Falls 10-9 to Top-Ranked Maryland
Medlar Field: A Groundskeeper's Perspective


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Parliament Financial Group agrees to never share or distribute your personal information in any way to outside parties. We are not a "lead vendor" or "data vendor.
reasons, ought to be exact, finished, and updated.
procedures for the administration of individual data.


Things are definitely on the move in the field of fetal screening. Researchers at the Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics have developed a test that analyzes maternal blood between 11 to 14 weeks of gestation for the presence of fetal trisomy 21, the occurrence of an extra chromosome primarily responsible for Down syndrome. Not only is it an improvement on other methods, it is noninvasive, eliminates screening by amniocentesis, and is 100% accurate. If the results of an early trial can be replicated, a commercial test may be available in a couple of years. This is a welcome addition to the growing arsenal of technologies aimed at turning the tide against genetic disease.
Thankfully, we're getting closer to the day when those 5-inch needles can be a thing of the past.
Genetic disorders are a broad and complex set of abnormalities in an individual's DNA that can be evident in the womb or lay hidden until a later point in life. Down syndrome is one of the former and is the most common chromosomal condition, affecting one in every 691 babies. While it is most commonly associated with a characteristic physical appearance, other aspects of the syndrome can vary significantly from one individual to another, such as developmental delays, impairments in physical growth, and a range of other health issues, some life threatening. Nowadays, expectant mothers are warned about the possibility of Down syndrome especially because the risk for Down syndrome rises abruptly with age. In fact, the incidence rate increases from 1 in 1,250 at age 25 to 1 in 106 at age 40, and by age 49, that risk is 1 in 11.
It is now standard to recommend midtrimester amniocentesis for women over the age of 35 and some doctors are urging all pregnancies to be screened for trisomy 21. And that's where the problem comes in. Inserting a needle into the amniotic sac to withdraw fluid turns out to be kind of risky (who would have thought?). Infection can occur, the fetus could be punctured, or labor could be induced. These risks accumulated into a miscarriage rate of about 1 out of every 200 pregnancies, although current studies suggest that improvements in procedure and the use of ultrasound has lowered that number to 1 in 1,600 pregnancies. Still, everyone can agree that a screening procedure shouldn't be as risky as the condition it is testing for.
Clearly, Dr. Philippos Patsalis and his colleagues in Cyprus felt that there was a better way, so they started with a discovery 15 years ago that significant amounts of fetal DNA (3-6%) circulates within a pregnant woman's blood. The presence of an extra 21st chromosome could be important if they could find signatures within it that could be contrasted against the mother's DNA. Fortunately, the researchers found eight sites on the extra chromosome that have higher degrees of cytosine methylation. By amplifying the fetal DNA, screening for the higher methylation and running statistical analysis, they were able to detect trisomy 21 in maternal blood in two groups (one control and one blind) of 40 pregnant women with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Additionally, the blood was obtained between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation, which is up to a month earlier than a reliable amniocentesis can be performed. And here's another cool thing: the methodology uses techniques that are common to many diagnostic laboratories, and that means a low implementation and a low cost. Admittedly, this was a small trial and Dr. Patsalis has stated that a larger clinical trial is needed, but clearly this is moving in the right direction.
This new methodology not only reflects the power and potential of genetics screening, but it adds to the arsenal of prenatal knowledge that healthcare professionals and parents are gaining access to and at an earlier stage in gestation. A few years ago, we highlighted some of this progress with preimplantation genetic diagnosis for IVF embryos, but for parents who've gone about making babies the low tech way, earlier detection is important for making decisions about lifestyles. Let's face it: raising a child with a genetic disorder can be daunting and many who discover the presence of trisomy 21 opt to terminate the pregnancy, as much as 92 percent in the UK. Ethics aside, this new test for Down syndrome will hopefully become part of the multitude of prenatal genetic conditions that are currently part of standard screens. Considering that 1 in 5 women have their first children after age 35, a new test can't come soon enough.


The list below is based on Zazmic employees feedback. We almost exclusively use Сhrome and wanted to share with you the extensions we find most useful.
Browser extensions are the small softwares or computer programs, which work within and add functionality to the browser. Usually, these extensions don't change the viewable content. Most of them add a toolbar to the browser interface.
The concept of adding functionality by means of "Extensions" or add-on or plug-in (as they are called in different browsers) is not new. Microsoft first introduced this concept in its Internet Explorer v.5 in 1999. Google Chrome has been supporting extensions since version 4 released in 2010. Many popular web browsers such as Google Chrome, FireFox and Apple Safari have their own stores from where users can download and install these extensions and get knowledge about these popular tools.
Here we are discussing Top 10 extensions for Google Chrome.
Snapmail is a very popular Google Chrome extension which enables users to send self destructive and encrypted emails. Although there are other applications and extensions that do this, none of them do this so seamlessly. The application includes a Snapmail button, along with a traditional "send" button.
When a user writes a message and clicks on the Snapmail button, the message is saved on Snapmail servers and an encrypted key is generated by the browser. The link to the message with encrypted key is sent to the receiver's mailbox. When the receiver opens his/her mailbox, he/she has 60 seconds to read the content. After 60 seconds the message is deleted forever from Snapmail server. This way, it is not possible for an unintended reader to misuse your communication.
Grammarly is a writing enhancement platform which has not only the established reputation amongst spell, grammar and context error detection and correction softwares, but it has also made extension for Google Chrome. This extension helps the user to write online (on Facebook, Gmail, Tumbler, WordPress, Twitter or any other website) error free and with clarity.
It not only detects spelling and grammatical errors, but it also helps to choose proper words for different situations and detects contextual errors. In my opinion, this is the must have extension for anyone who publishes online.
If your work requires multiple Tabs open at once, your browsing experience will be slower than expected as individual Tabs will consume memory. You may also face problems looking at specific Tabs due to small size (size of Tab is dependent on the number opened). OneTab converts all the open Tabs in a list. The user can restore back to Tabs one by one or all at once. Furthermore, OneTab allows the user to import/export all of the Tabs from one device to another.
When using OneTab, open Tabs are listed and your browsing experience can be enhanced as it reduces memory consumption. The biggest benefit of using OneTab is that even when a Tab is closed accidently, or the computer restarts unintentionally, Tabs are not lost.
Streak is another very important CRM extension used to manage relationships with customers and colleagues inside your inbox. It is done by grouping email conversations in boxes for different clients or customers. These boxes are then grouped into pipelines.
Streak is cloud based and is aiming to run and manage the business inside your inbox. It is also very flexible depending on need. It can be a simple To-Do list or a complete project management system.
The Google Bookmark Manager is another useful extension used to manage and keep record of your bookmarks. One can not only save bookmarks, but can also categorize bookmarks in different folders or let Google categorize for you in different folders. One can also save images and notes to make bookmarks more descriptive and memorable.
Dimensions is an extension for designers to measure screen size. Simply install Dimensions in Google Chrome and activate. You can measure any image, screen, area boundary and HTML elements with this extension. In short, you can measure everything in your browser window.
FIO or "Figure It Out" is a simple, attractive and handy time zone tracker. One can add up to 10 time zones in a new tab screen. With FIO, it is very easy to manage your online work, complete the tasks and arrange meetings online across different time zones.
It can be difficult to stay focused on specific tasks with so many possible distractions available online. These distractions are time wasters and delay completion of tasks. Thanks to the StayFocusd extension, you can set time limits on specific websites. You can also block a site altogether, to eliminate it as a deterrent to production.
LastPass is an award winning password manager which helps users save passwords and logins securely. You need only to remember one master password of LastPass and the rest is taken care of by this extension. It will not only save your login details, but also Autologin to those websites.
Ads and commercials sometimes cause user annoyance and slow browsing experience. This free and most extensively used extension of Google Chrome is used and trusted by 50 million people across the globe. AdBlockPlus as its name implies will block most ads on Facebook and Youtube. It will also block all the noisy ads.


Starting your career as either an ab initio cadet pilot or direct entry second officer, you will undergo a rigorous training program to equip yourself with the highest flying standards.
Upon successful completion of training, you will work your way through the ranks. If you have the potential, you will have an opportunity to progress as a Captain, and further develop your skills in the Technical, Training or Management track.
Candidates must be ready to join within six months from the date of application.
Please note that for both positions, only shortlisted candidates will be notified. Candidates who have attended our final interviews previously need not apply.
Please note that Singapore Airlines does not request for payment or fees for the processing of job applications either directly or through its appointed agencies. Should you be advised otherwise, please email us the details via .


Star Wars is now a part of the worlds mythology. It is a large fandom without a doubt. Star Wars Rebels has a large fan base among Star Wars fans. The Pop! Star Wars Rebels Fifth Brother Vinyl Bobble-Head from the experts at Funko is a perfect gift for you or those you know who are fans of Star Wars Rebels. The Fifth Brother is a member of the Jedi hunting Inquistorius that is tasked with carrying out Executive Order 66: the extermination of the Jedi Order. This bobble head depicts the Fifth Brother uniformed and brandishing a double-bladed lightsaber with a distinctive circular hilt. The crimson blades are certainly menacing. The Fifth Brothers gray eyes are sinister. Perhaps he about to strike down a Jedi? Or perhaps hes meditating on ways to infiltrate a Rebel stronghold? Regardless of this, both answers could be correct as this bobble head is a tool for your imagination to explore as it rests by your desk, table, or among your growing collection of Star Wars Rebels memorabilia. Delight yourself and the Star Wars fans in your life with this vinyl bobble head from the proven experts at Funko! Show off your fandom with pride or see your friends eyes light up when you give them this bobble head as a gift.