Many years ago Austell was known far and near as Salt Springs, and was the favorite haunts of the hunter, who came to shoot the wary deer as he made his way to the salt licks. The hunters soon found that the waters had wonderful medicinal properties, and spread the news of its remarkable cures, until long before the Civil War, it was the Mecca for the sick and afflicted. It so happened that many who came liked it so well that they decided to make it their permanent home. They prevailed upon Mr. G.O. Mozeley, then the owner of all the property in and around the area known as Austell today, to sell parcels of land. After much persuasion he finally decided to sub-divide 40 acres. So he laid the town off into squares, with streets fifty feet wide.
About this time the old Georgia Pacific, now a division of the Southern Railway, made Austell not only a station on its own lines, but the division point for the two lines that converge there which was the route to Birmingham and the one to Chattanooga.
Austell Apartment search conducted free and we email you the results along with available pictures, floor plans and maps to the properties. Austell Apartment Rentals offers the largest apartment selection with relocation services and extensive knowledge of property management in Austell .
Leasing an apartment in Austell is quick and simple with our Free Austell Apartment Locating Services. All you do is contact us below at Apartments Austell and complete our email request form. You will be contacted by a relocation specialist to confirm your information. Easy as 1,2,3!


See some fine art, films and live music this Saturday afternoon. Three dozen locally-owned bars, shops and eateries along Swift and Armour! Watch the boys in red at classic neighborhood sports bars, craft taprooms, BBQ and pizza restaurants. Click to see the full lineup!


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Counsellor at Law
Successful attorney has his Jewish heritage and poverty-stricken background brought home to him when he learns his wife has been unfaithful.
Actors: John Barrymore,
John Barrymore 15 February 1882, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Bebe Daniels,
Bebe Daniels 14 January 1901, Dallas, Texas, USA
Doris Kenyon,
Doris Kenyon September 5, 1897 in Syracuse, New York, USA
Isabel Jewell,
Isabel Jewell 19 July 1907, Shoshoni, Wyoming, USA
Melvyn Douglas,
Melvyn Douglas 5 April 1901, Macon, Georgia, USA
Onslow Stevens,
Onslow Stevens 29 March 1902, Los Angeles, California, USA
Thelma Todd,
Thelma Todd July 29, 1906 in Lawrence, Massachusetts, USA
Clara Langsner,
Clara Langsner November 30, 1883 in Galicia, Austria-Hungary
John Hammond Dailey,
John Hammond Dailey July 20, 1877 in Providence, Rhode Island, USA
Mayo Methot,
Mayo Methot March 3, 1904 in Chicago, Illinois, USA
Robert Gordon,
Robert Gordon 21 August 1913, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Genre: Drama, Comedy
Fairy Tail (2014) [Audio: Eng]
Pamasahe
Fairy Tail [Audio: Eng]
Pokemon Journeys - Season 1
[+18] The Erotic Traveler - Season 1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Is the Wearer Asleep/Awake information exposed in the Band SDK? Does the Band SDK expose information on whether or not the wearer is currently awake or asleep?
I know this information is provided to the user via the Microsoft Health app in their daily graph, but as a third-party developer can I get this information?

A: No, the Band SDK does not expose this information.
You can however get the info from the Microsoft Health Cloud API, check out the documentation: https://developer.microsoftband.com/cloudAPI/Explorer#!/Activities/Activities_Get
The sleep data will not be provided in real-time by the Cloud API - as I read the documentation it will be delayed with minimum 1 hour.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


GeneXus Tilo Beta 3 improves productivity and flexibility, so that you can continue to build outstanding apps and get the most out of the latest smart devices available on the market.
Uploaded images can be limited by size.
New Selection Type property for Grids.
Load Event for SDT based Grids: Now it is possible to change dynamically properties of controls or variables inside a SDT Grid.
New value "Never" added to the Offline Database Object Send Changes property. All Offline Database object properties name where modified, see the Developer Experience section below.
SynchronizationEventsAPI external object (X Evolution 3): New API to handle pending data to be sent to the server and errors in the device.
Module Object adds two new tabs, the Module Diagram Tab allowing to build Module diagrams showing the relationship between the modules of a KB and the Module Interface Tab allowing to see the modules interface.
A new (optional) clause was added in the For Each that allows us to define the Transaction (or Transaction' level) that we want to use as base for the For Each. See Base Transaction in For Each command for more information.
Background Specification: this feature speeds up the building process as it allows to specificate the objects when they are saved and reuse this specification at the build process.
Option Distinct clause: Option Distinct will only be applied to attributes contained in the For Each clause.
Improvements for File Data Type handling have been made. Now any text file can be handled, not only delimited ascii files.
New Scale Type Property values.
The order word is not optional any more. If you need to specify an order clause you cannot skip the order word. See Base Transaction in For Each command for more information.
There are changes in the Option Distinct clause's behavoir in order to make it more useful that could affect compatibility.


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Environmental and security operational objectives
Technical objectives
Societal and political objectives
Objectives of long-term governance
Seismic and Tsunami hazard operational networks
Deep sea observatories also have the potential to play a key role in the assessment and monitoring of geo-hazards, as many of Earth's most seismogenic zones and most active volcanoes are located along continental margins plate boundaries like South Europe. Continuous measurements are required with the ability to react quickly to episodic events, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
For estimate earthquake parameters and forecast the expected height of the oncoming water wave, computer aided tsunami generation models are used. In all areas threatened by tsunami hazards, deep sea observatories developed within ESONET will be equipped with seismometers and high precision, low frequency pressure sensors. Each of these ESONET nodes will represent the base for the implementation of a tsunami early warning system covering the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean areas.
Deep sea observatories need a real-time communication to on-shore, allowing the integration of their data in the already existing land-based seismic networks. Awaited result is a better understanding of plate-tectonic margin behaviour and of important seismogenic zones located at seas around Europe. ESONET NoE will benefit from already established links with organizations able to manage data and waveforms of terrestrial networks (like ORFEUS and EMSC) through the relationship with other approved EC projects [e.g. NERIES] in which some of the ESONET partners are involved. In relation to other geo-hazards like tsunamis, the actions of ESONET NoE will be conducted in coordination with UNESCO-IOC, following in particular the recommendations of the "Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Tsunami Early Warning System in the North Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Connected Seas (ICG/NEAMTWS)" launched at its 1st session held in Rome (November, 2005).
Historical seismic map during last 15 years, indicating at sea tsunami-genic sources in the area defined by the group of North Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Connected Seas (ICG/NEAMTWS). Courtesy of EMSC.
Oceanography networks (water column)
Integrated operational monitoring and forecasting systems, such as the MERSEA and MyOcean systems, are able to simulate and anticipate ocean conditions. The operational monitoring and forecasting of the ocean physics, bio-geochemistry and, to a certain extent, ecosystem, is being completed within 2-3 years (objective of FP6 –MERSEA IP and FP7-MyOcean projects); Satellite Remote sensing and insitu Lagrangian data provide most of the necessary assimilation inputs to the models but there is a need of Eulerian data.
Indeed, the development of the algorithms for the models, the checking of these models during their development and their validation when operated (especially when forecasting is aimed at) all require time series. In-situ quantities in critical or representative locations need to be collected in a mode that delivers temporal variability on scales of hours to months.
ESONET NoE will provide data on key parameters from the subsurface down to the seafloor at representative locations and transmit them in real time to shore. The strategies of deployment, data sampling, technological development, standardisation and data management will be integrated with projects dealing with the spatial and near surface time series. The contribution of ESONET will come through GMES for several key parameters of the water column. During the next 4 years, the target of GMES is clearly to prepare an operational phase in ocean physical oceanography. ESONET will contribute to "Initial Operational Phase of GMES Marine Core Services" planned for 2008 as well as a regional policy on the Downstream Services. ESONET NoE regional development will take into account the geographical policies of GOOS (Global Ocean Observing System) regional task teams: Arctic, North-West Atlantic shelf NOOS, Mediterranean MedGOOS (reference projects MFSTEP, MOON), Iberia-Biscay-Ireland Shelf IBI-ROOS and Black SeaGOOS.
Time series observatories occupy an indispensable niche in the vast temporal and spatial sampling that is required to monitor and forecast the ocean properly. They are essential to model validation. Progress in ocean model and assessment of system performance depends on rigorous validation against in situ data. For instance the validation of climate scenarios models is often made by considering their ability to reproduce past evolutions, where comprehensive data sets are the only objective reference. In the case of model development, in situ observations provide the necessary data for quantifying ocean processes and guide the tuning of their parametric representation (e.g. mixed layer depth, deep water formation, position of fronts, warm water pool, eddy kinetic energy, mixing, etc.). In the context of operational models, it is valuable either to estimate the misfits between model output and data or to validate forecast skills by comparison of a previous forecast with data effectively collected at the target date.
The ESONET system can provide data in representative locations that delivers the temporal variability on scales of days to months, for:
providing data on changes, processes, and events unobservable from satellites (like biogeochemical quantities),
referencing, calibrating, validating satellite products (e.g. chlorophyll),
estimating and tuning model parameters and process representations (e.g. primary production),
validating assimilation and forecasting products (ecosystem changes),
establishing meaningful statistics (high resolution spectra, extreme events, means, variance and covariance).
The biogeochemical models are in desperate need of data, since satellites cannot provide the required information and there isn't any observing system able to deliver such variables. For the moment, timeseries observatories are the only method/technology to provide a complete suite of biogeochemical quantities like chlorophyll, oxygen, CO 2 or nutrients. Dedicated technology and infrastructure, including real-time data transmission, have been developed and implemented in the FP5 project ANIMATE.
Time series observatories from the ESONET network offer the advantage of relaxing the stringent constraints of power and data transmission limitations of autonomous surface moorings; they open the perspective of adaptive sampling strategies (burst sampling), high resolution measurements, and multi-parameter observations.
Monitoring of the ocean environment requires not only physical but also ecosystem models. Significant advances have been made in recent years in understanding and modelling the complex processes in ecosystems, ranging from the bio-geochemical processes governing the global carbon cycle (uptake, sequestration, and release) and other gas exchanges, to the coastal ecosystems describing water quality, primary production or algal blooms. The performance of ecosystem models is strongly predicated on the realism of the underlying physics, which in turn depend on good observations.
Well-managed seascapes are the basis of sustainable development and human security. They are critical to address underlying causes of biodiversity loss.
Ecosystem management requires a good knowledge of the structure and function of the communities of organisms inhabiting the pelagic and benthic environments of the deep ocean extending from the edge of the continental shelf to the depths of the deepest trenches. The paucity of sampling and monitoring of this vast area, combined with the increasing demands on open ocean resources, require extensive study of this domain. Deep sea observatories are powerful instruments to approach some critical points:
spatial and temporal variability in the deep ocean of organisms,
seasonally and interanually variability of food supply,
shifts in populations of megafauna,
description of unknown species of organisms.
They will contribute to resolve questions essential to deep ecosystem management, for instance:
What processes produce/maintain diversity in deep sea communities?
What are the vertical and lateral movements of deep sea animals?
What are the temporal and spatial influences of natural perturbations on deep sea communities?
How do anthropogenic inputs influence deep sea communities?
What processes influence the formation, deposition, dissolution, or venting of gas hydrate deposits, and how do gas hydrate dynamics affect the subsea floor biosphere, deep communities or climate system?


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DISCLAIMER: This is a work of fanfiction produced for entertainment purposes only. Inu-Yasha - A Feudal Fairytale and all related characters are the creations of Rumiko Takahashi. Shiyounin and Kinkaji are original characters of mine.
SPOILER WARNING: This story takes place after the end of the InuYasha manga, so it contains spoilers if you haven't read that much of Inu-Yasha yet.
AUTHOR'S NOTE: This story follows on from my stories 'A Feather on the Wind', 'Safe Haven' and 'A Shattered Heart'. It is the final story in this series. I hope that you have enjoyed reading this series of stories as much as I have enjoyed writing them.
Finally Safe
A small figure stood on the edge of the cliff, his face lifted into the wind as he listened intently. The light breeze playfully lifted the reddish-brown ponytail that fell to beneath his waist, as well as fluttering the loose legs of his light brown pants and the long sleeves of his matching tunic. The action caused the red and gold fire design embroidered around the hem of his sleeves to move as if they were real flames.
The furry ears on top of his head twitched and so too did his long fluffy tail, but just once and then it was still again while his ears continued to twitch a few times more. Then they pricked forward and the small figure tensed, his eyes going wide as every fibre of his being strained to hear the faint news that the wind was bringing him. His bright emerald eyes narrowed.
Could it really be so?
Was Naraku truly finally defeated?
The wind had brought such news to him once before, but that had turned out to be nothing more than a trick Naraku had carefully planned to try and get something he had wanted at the time. This time... could this wonderful news be trusted?
There was only one way to find out.
The cave was dark, but the ball of fire that hovered above the small youkai's hand lit up the path enough for him to see where he was going. The light glinted off something at the back of the cave and he smiled. A few more steps and he was standing before a large mirrored disc, set in an ancient golden frame.
There was an old torch set into the wall to one side of the mirror and the small youkai carefully transferred his ball of fire onto it. With his hands free, he lightly stroked the mirror's frame before placing a hand on either side of it, his thumbs touching the mirror's surface.
As he peered into the mirror, a mist seemed to rise within it, obscuring his reflection. The mist swirled for a few moments before the centre cleared enough to show the image appearing behind it.
The youkai frowned as he studied the scene carefully.
Then he began to smile.
The sound of the reed curtain being pushed aside caused the woman fussing over the covers of the bed to pause. Her hooded head lifted and she turned slightly to look. The firelight made the delicate reddish-gold scales that covered her reptilian face shimmer, while its reflection in her slanted eyes made them look like forest-green emeralds ringed by rippling flame.
She curiously watched as a small youkai entered the room tail first, dragging something.
"Master?"
The one so addressed looked around and smiled. "Ah, Shiyounin. Good, you're here. I have news."
"You also seem to have something more tangible." The female youkai's short snout moved into a slight smile as the male youkai laughed softly.
"Yes. It's a little something I've been working on for the last fifty years."
"Fifty... Ah." The single word was filled with understanding and her eyes were even more curious as she studied the object that her master had finally managed to drag completely into the room.
"I had expected it to be... bigger... somehow."
The object in question was an hourglass almost a foot wide, but barely two and a half feet high. At least, it had the shape of an hourglass. Unlike regular hourglasses, there was no sand inside either of its two glass chambers.
"If it was any bigger, I wouldn't be able to move it." The male youkai grinned at his servant and then affectionately patted the top of it. "I couldn't have built it here. If he'd woken up and seen it... Well, that wouldn't have been a good thing."
"I suspect that is something of an understatement." Shiyounin shivered slightly and glanced warily at the small child sleeping on the futon beside her, then returned her attention to her master. "Your bringing it here now, however... Does that mean...?" Hope lit her eyes.
The male youkai smiled gently at her and nodded. "Yes. It means that Naraku has been defeated. I have confirmed it with the Mirror of Life. Which, in turn, means that it is finally time for us to do what we have been preparing to do for these past fifty years." His smile became very sweet and happy. "Along with a few extra things that have been added in more recent times."
With a smooth movement that barely fluttered her floor-length dark green kimono, the female youkai stood, revealing herself to be only a little taller than the hourglass. "I am ready to serve you, my master." She smiled at him. "My heart is filled with joy to have this day come at last."
When the hourglass was fixed in position in the centre of the room and the required markings had been carefully painted on the floor around it, the male youkai positioned himself in front of the object, both hands resting lightly on top of it. He took a deep breath, then let it out slowly as his eyes closed and he began muttering the needed chant under his breath.
It was an ancient spell, passed down for many generations through his family line. The original use for it was long forgotten, but Fate had decreed that this generation should find a reason for it to be cast again.
As the spell began to take effect, the youkai's hands began to softly glow and a light dusting of golden powder shimmered into place in the lower glass chamber of the hourglass. By the time the spell was fully cast, the golden powder had become a good-sized mound of fine golden sand.
Shiyounin eyed the sand doubtfully. "That is it? All of his power?"
The male youkai nodded tiredly. Casting the spell had clearly taken a heavy toll on him. "Yes. I know it does not look like much, but considering that most full blood youkai would have barely a dozen grains inside them..."
"Ah. Then his power was indeed as formidable as I have heard." Shiyounin shivered and eyed the sand with distaste.
"It was. But at least now... that strength will be used for something good."
Servant and master shared a smile at the thought.
The male youkai took a deep breath and slowly released it, then nodded. "All right. Time to begin." He no longer looked as tired as he had only a few moments earlier.
That time, he didn't close his eyes. Instead, he looked off to one side of the mystic circle he had drawn. He also didn't touch the hourglass, instead just holding out a hand with the palm facing it.
The hourglass rose slowly off the ground a little way before it began to turn.
When it was upside down, the sand began to flow from the top section into the bottom. As it did so, a golden shimmer appeared in the air where the youkai was looking.
By the time all of the sand had flowed into the lower section, a tall, slender and beautiful female youkai with waist-length reddish-gold hair stood naked and blinking in the spot where the air had been shimmering. She looked bewildered and a little afraid, until Shiyounin spoke softly to her.
"Be not afraid. This is a good place. You have been granted life in order to serve a very special purpose."
The female looked at her, curiosity in her long-lashed golden eyes. "What... is my purpose?" Her voice was soft and she seemed startled to hear it, her hand lifting to her lips as her eyes widened.
"I will tell you when all of your sisters have been born, for they have the same purpose as you."
As the two female youkai had been speaking, the hourglass had turned again and a second golden-haired woman was shimmering into being beside the first.
When the sand stopped flowing, the hourglass turned again as Shiyounin reassured the newly born youkai with the same words that she had used to calm the first born.
Seven times, the hourglass turned.
Seven times, a woman was born from it.
They were not identical, but they were all beautiful and had similar colouring, with long reddish-gold hair and golden eyes. Aside from that, they were also all naked and very confused.
Shiyounin calmed each of them by telling them they were safe and had been born for a purpose that she would explain to them when they were all assembled.
After the seventh turn, the hourglass lowered itself gently back to the ground. The small youkai anxiously peered into the lower section of it. When he straightened again, he looked satisfied. "That's all of them."
The seven women all looked at Shiyounin expectedly.
She didn't disappoint them.
"The seven of you were born to do one particular task. You are to go out into the land and gather up the children who have been left orphaned and alone by the senseless wars that both humans and youkai have been fighting now for many years."
"What are we... to do with these children?" The first born seemed to be getting used to talking.
Shiyounin smiled at her, then at the others. "You are to care for them. Protect them. Raise them so they will become good people. Teach them to respect life and to value the differences in people and youkai, rather than to fear them. Then, when they are grown, send them out into the world, to pass on what they have learned to others they meet. But, more than anything else... you are all to love those children like your own. They need that most of all. They are afraid, lonely and sad. Make those precious ones happy again."
As she spoke, the women began to smile. By the time she was done, they were almost glowing with happiness. They all nodded.
"It is a good purpose." The first born spoke for all of them.
Shiyounin smiled and nodded. "Yes. It is."
After seeing the women off on the beginning of their journey, Shiyounin returned to find her master sitting on one side of Hakudoushi's bed. He wore a thoughtful expression and she quickly crossed the room to join him, sitting on the sleeping boy's other side. "You are going to awaken him?" She looked worried at the idea.
"It is safe for him, now. Naraku can no longer harm him and he can no longer try and find Naraku to take his power for his own. The only problem is..." The male youkai sighed heavily.
"Giving life to each of those women was my spell's purpose, but it was the remnants of Naraku's power that formed their bodies. Fitting that the power that was used to destroy so many lives should be used to give comfort to those whose lives have been destroyed by others, as well as by himself. But each one... used up some of that power." He looked over at the hourglass
Of the mound of golden sand that had been in the lower section, barely a handful remained.
"To do what still remains to be done... I will need Hakudoushi's power as well."
"He still reeks of evil." Shiyounin spoke softly. "He will not give it to you easily."
The male youkai looked thoughtful. "Perhaps not. But... there is still a chance."
He reached out and lightly touched Hakudoushi's forehead.
The boy's eyes immediately snapped open.
Hakudoushi lay still, his eyes darting around and taking everything in. He frowned. "Who are you? Where am I?" His frown deepened. "What have you done to me? Why can I not move?"
The youkai blinked at that last question, then looked over at his servant. "See? I told you that you had tucked him in too tightly." She snorted softly in response.
He returned his attention to the boy and smiled gently. "You are in my house and you are safe. Naraku manipulated events so that the monk journeying with InuYasha would be forced to suck you into his wind tunnel. It was the only way that Naraku could get rid of you without endangering his heart in the process." As Hakudoushi scowled, the youkai continued to tell his story.
"Fortunately for you, I have some small skill in going to such places, so I was able to go there and get you out again."
"Why?" Hakudoushi's eyes narrowed in suspicion. "Why would you do so much for me? What are you expecting to get out of it?"
The small youkai grinned at the boy. "Not expecting. Got. The gratitude of your sweet sister, who asked me to save you in the first place."
Hakudoushi blinked and then looked ever so slightly unsure. "Kagura?" He spoke the name very quietly.
"No. Kanna. But, I have no doubt that she asked it of me because Kagura would have, had she but known of my existence." His grin was now a gentle smile.
"Kanna knew you... but Kagura did not? Then you are known to Naraku." There was hatred in Hakudoushi's voice as he glared at the small youkai.
"Hmm... how to explain this? Kanna knew me... but only in her dreams and only as a voice. She never saw me. A voice in a dream that spoke to her and gave her comfort... Naraku would have no interest in that, even if Kanna told him of her dreams. To her, that was all I was. A dream."
Hakudoushi gave the youkai a scornful look. "But you still did her such a big favour? Like I would believe that."
The small youkai shrugged. "Believe it or not. It makes no difference to me. You asked and I answered. It is the truth, but I cannot blame you for not trusting me." He was still smiling sweetly.
"So where is she? I will ask Kanna about it myself." Hakudoushi frowned.
"I fear... that is currently quite impossible." He bowed his head, looking sad.
Hakudoushi went still. "She is dead." His voice was flat.
"She is. Naraku ordered her to fight, even though doing so was destroying her bit by bit." There was an undertone of anger in the soft voice that seemed to catch Hakudoushi's attention.
"What about... No, never mind." Hakudoushi looked away.
"Kagura? Naraku killed her, after he gave her back her heart. She died free of his control."
Hakudoushi didn't reply for a moment. When he did look back at the small youkai, his expression was cold and closed with no sign of remorse. "So Naraku and both of them are dead. That just leaves me, then." A small smile curved his lips.
"Before you go getting any foolish ideas of world domination or anything like that... I have to tell you that would be quite impossible. Sesshoumaru and InuYasha defeated Naraku. They would have no trouble at all doing the same thing to you. Your strength is far less than his was."
The matter-of-fact way that he said it was probably the reason for Hakudoushi's low growl, more so than the actual words.
"However... you do have enough strength to do something in particular." The small youkai tilted his head and studied Hakudoushi thoughtfully. "Your power is useless to you now. If you try to use it, InuYasha and Sesshoumaru will come after you. Your life would be lost. On the other hand... there is a way you could use your power that would be like getting one last bit of vengeance on Naraku. Not just for yourself... but for your sisters, also."
Hakudoushi frowned. "So there is something you want from me. I knew that you had not just brought me here as a favour for Kanna." He gave the small youkai another scornful look. "You cannot trick me with your pretty words. If you hate Naraku... that makes you my enemy too."
The youkai smiled. "At least hear me out. There is a chance that you might like what I have to say."
"Very well." Hakudoushi nodded. "But... release me, first." His eyes were suddenly sharp.
A slightly embarrassed cough came from the other side of the futon and Hakudoushi's head snapped around. He blinked and looked a little surprised at the sight of the female there, as if he hadn't noticed her before.
"You are not constrained by him. You are merely... tucked in." She looked rather apologetic.
Hakudoushi blinked again and looked a little confused. "Tucked in what?"
"In bed. You were sleeping and I wished you to feel safe while you slept, so I made sure that you were properly tucked in. Only... I seem to have overdone it a little. My deepest apologies. I will get you out while you listen to him."
"Very well." Although Hakudoushi still looked rather confused, he returned his attention to the other youkai as the woman began to gently free him from the confines of his bedcovers. "Speak."
The small youkai nodded, although he looked a little amused by the situation. "When Naraku was defeated, I was able to capture what was left behind of his power. There is not much remaining, however, if you were to add your power to it, there would be just enough to do something that would make Naraku, if he were alive, very annoyed. Yes, that is a great understatement."
He grinned at Hakudoushi. "Considering the effort Naraku expended to kill Kagura and Kanna, your restoring them both to life would be nothing short of the ultimate insult to him, surely?"
"You can... No." Hakudoushi's eyes narrowed. "You cannot fool me. You are trying to steal my power. Is Naraku truly dead? What of Kagura and Kanna?" He glared at the youkai.
"You are free now."
The soft words spoken in the sweet and low feminine voice made Hakudoushi tense, a look of shock flitting through his eyes for just a moment before his cold mask was restored. He quickly sat up and then moaned softly as his body protested at the movement.
He steadied himself with a hand on the futon, his other hand rising shakily to his forehead. "What... What have you done to me?" There was fury in his voice, but also a trace of confusion and something that could possibly have been fear. Maybe.
"Oops. You really should not try to move around so fast. You have been sleeping for several months. Shiyounin here has cared for you in that time, however your body will take a little while to recover from being unused in so long." The small youkai's voice was very soft and concerned.
Hakudoushi growled. "So I will need to remain here a while longer. Is that what you are telling me?" He struggled to stand but barely managed to throw off the covers. Even so, he growled again at the two youkai when they tried to help him. "Stop it! I will not stay here! I will go and find Naraku. I do not believe a word that you have... that you have..." He went still, his eyes locked on the very sad eyes of the female youkai as she gently pulled the covers over him again.
"What... are you?" Hakudoushi's voice was barely a whisper.
"A friend to those who need me. An enemy to those who would do evil things." She spoke very softly as she gently stroked Hakudoushi's hair.
He made no attempt to move away.
"There is a charm in your eyes. I can feel it. You have bespelled me." He sounded more like a very grumpy child than a powerful and evil being.
"Yes. I have the power to calm those who are unsettled. Those whose souls and minds and hearts are in turmoil."
Hakudoushi scowled, but it lacked his earlier anger. "I am not in turmoil. I know what I want to do."
"That is true. Both your mind and your heart know that. However... they are not in agreement. Your mind is telling you that this is a trick, while your heart..."
"Stop it." Hakudoushi frowned. "I will not listen to anymore lies."
The female youkai smiled gently at him, but it was the small male who spoke. "It's no lie. You know Naraku is dead. You would feel it. But with his death, you have a choice to make. Do you follow the same path as Naraku, which will lead to your death as surely as it led him to his, or do you choose a new road for yourself?"
Hakudoushi scowled at him. "Meaning, do I give you my power so you can destroy me."
"No. Meaning, will you give me your power so I can remake the two that Naraku destroyed." Twin emeralds looked into Hakudoushi's eyes, direct and unwavering. "I can do it. I can bring them back. They didn't have souls, in the usual sense of the word, so they haven't gone on to anywhere. They're still right here. Their essences. What made them Kanna and Kagura."
"I don't believe a word of it." Hakudoushi looked away. He didn't sound quite as certain as his words suggested.
"You're free to leave as soon as you feel well enough to do so. But when you go... you'll be all alone. Then what will you do? Try to gain the power you crave? The power Naraku craved? Are you just a younger copy of Naraku?"
"No!" Hakudoushi glared at the youkai. "I am not him!"
"Then prove it!" The youkai was suddenly glaring right back.
"Don't you get it? Are you really that much of an idiot? I have the power to bring you here from within the void that held you. I have had you here, sleeping and vulnerable for months. I could have destroyed you at any time. I still could. If I was to kill you now, then I could just take your power. The way I took Naraku's." His eyes narrowed and he sat up straight. "So, ask yourself this. Why haven't I done that? Why am I asking you for your help, instead?"
"I don't know!" Hakudoushi weakly thumped his fist into the bedcovers. Even that much effort made him tremble.
He looked away and began to speak quietly. "You have admitted to wanting my power. It is likely that you will simply kill me after you get it. You were correct, before. I do know that Naraku is dead. I also know that Naraku would have killed Kanna and Kagura first. They were nothing but tools to him. As I was. I could go back to what I was doing but... it is pointless now. I do not know how, but someone killed Naraku. If I make any move at all... they will surely kill me too. You are not lying about that. I know it to be true. Which means, whatever I do... it will end with my death."
He scowled as he looked at the small youkai. As he had earlier, he looked more like a child in need of an anti-grump nap than a powerful half-youkai. "So my choices seem to be to leave here and get killed, or to give you my power and get killed. If you truly can do as you say you can... tell me... what will become of them and me afterwards?"
"They will be free to go and do whatever they wish. Their lives will be their own. I do not wish them for my servants. As you can see..." He smiled and motioned to Shiyounin. "I have the only servant I need, already. Shiyounin and I have been together for a long time. As for you... I would be taking your power, but not your life. You have my word on that, for whatever it is worth to you."
Hakudoushi frowned. "Why would you do this?"
"Revenge." The small youkai looked unwaveringly at Hakudoushi. "Naraku brought pain, misery, suffering and destruction to many families. Mine and Shiyounin's were among them. As I said before, he expended a great deal of effort to destroy your sisters. Neither of them deserved such fates. Restoring their lives strikes me as being a good way to get back at him. Even though he is gone now, and it seems like the chance for vengeance has passed, it is still something I can do."
"Oh." Hakudoushi nodded, suddenly calm. Revenge was apparently a reason that he was able to understand well. "Very well. Do what you wish. Even if you lie and kill me afterwards... Even if you lie and use my power for other means... It would still be better than dying at the hands of InuYasha and Sesshoumaru." He wrinkled his nose in distaste.
The youkai blinked. "Well... I suppose that is one way to think of it." He looked amused. "In that case... you might want to lie down again. This will not hurt, but it may make you a little dizzy."
He shrugged when Hakudoushi just scowled at him and remained sitting up. "Fine. Do not say that I did not warn you." He stood up and moved to a point between the hourglass and Hakudoushi.
One hand lifted, the palm held out towards Hakudoushi, the other hand did the same to the hourglass. The small youkai bowed his head and concentrated. His hands glowed softly.
A wave of dizziness flooded through Hakudoushi. He couldn't keep back a soft groan but he fought to stay sitting upright. His eyes were drawn to the hourglass. Much to his surprise, he could see golden sand forming inside the lower chamber. "Is that... my power?"
"It is." Shiyounin spoke softly, whispering in his ear.
When the light faded on the youkai's hands, the sand in the hourglass was almost three times what had been there before. Hakudoushi frowned. "That is not much."
The youkai smiled brightly at him. "No, it is perfect. There is just enough." He looked at Hakudoushi. "Thank you. Would you like me to bring Kagura back first?"
Hakudoushi looked away. "I do not care what you do."
"Well, it would likely work out best if I did. She is the wind, after all. It has not been easy keeping an eye on her location for when this time came. By comparison, Kanna was much simpler to watch over. She remained in one place." He moved over to the doorway and opened it. "In you come."
A gust of wind blew into the room, a small white feather whirling and dancing upon it. The wind crossed swiftly to Hakudoushi and blew around him, fluttering his clothes and hair. The boy's eyes widened in astonishment and he looked suddenly far more like a small child than he had before.
"K...Kagura." His voice was very soft.
"Yes. She has been waiting for this moment." The small youkai smiled.
The feather whirled to a clear spot on the floor and he held his hand up, again with the palm facing it. His other hand reached out to the hourglass. As his hands glowed, the hourglass lifted off the floor and turned.
As the sand flowed from the top chamber to the bottom, half of it faded away.
At the same time, the familiar form of Kagura slowly appeared in a golden shimmer of air.
The youkai smiled at her. "Hello."
Kagura smiled a little and nodded to him. "Hey. Thanks. That's a lot better." She turned and looked at Hakudoushi, then walked slowly over and knelt beside his futon. "Hakudoushi..."
"Kagura." The little boy looked like he wasn't sure what to do or say.
The youkai woman smiled a little more and made the decision for him by hugging him tightly.
"W...what are you doing! Stop that!" Hakudoushi tried to pull away but she wouldn't let him go.
"He explained it all earlier. That he needed your power to bring Kanna and I back. I didn't think you'd actually do it. I'm glad I was wrong about you, kid." She kept hugging him. "We're free."
He stopped trying to pull away and hesitantly hugged her back. "I guess... we are."
As they were reuniting, the youkai was casting his spell one last time. This time, however, he was casting it on a bowl of mirrored pieces that sat on a shelf on the other side of the room, as if it was just there for decoration.
When the sand in the hourglass had all faded away, Kanna was standing in front of the empty bowl.
She blinked and looked around, as if unsure where she was. Her gaze took in Kagura, still hugging Hakudoushi and she took a small step towards them, but then paused, her eyes locking on the small, and now rather nervous, youkai.
For a moment, she looked at him blankly. Then... she looked a little curious.
"Hello, Kanna. It is good to finally meet you... in person."
Kanna's eyes widened at the sound of his voice. Then she did something that she had never done in her previous life.
She smiled happily.
"Hello, Kinkaji."
At the name, Hakudoushi gasped. "What? Did she just say...?" He stared at Kanna, then at Kagura.
His sister kept hugging him, but her voice betrayed her amusement. "Didn't you know? He's Kinkaji. The Lord of the Eastern Lands. Otherwise known as the Lord of Life and Time."
"But... why would he...?" Hakudoushi was clearly very confused.
"Why would such a powerful and well-known Greater Youkai Lord help us like this? Well, there are two reasons for that. Firstly, Naraku made the mistake of seriously annoying him. Secondly..." She eased back from the hug and grinned at the boy. "He's in love with Kanna."
As Hakudoushi tried to get his mind around that stunning revelation, Kinkaji's cheeks darkened with heat. "Ah, Kagura. Thank you so much for saying that loudly enough for the whole mountain to hear." He looked very embarrassed.
Kagura grinned. "You're welcome. Kanna? Why are you just standing there? You love him too, right?"
Kanna blinked and looked at Kagura. There was actual emotion on her face, now that she was free from Naraku. She looked surprised and a little embarrassed. "How... do you know that?"
"Because you looked happy when I said that he's in love with you." Kagura shrugged.
Kanna blinked again and then did something else that she had never done before.
She blushed just like Kinkaji.
Kinkaji's cheeks had just darkened even more, but he looked happy. "Speaking of love..." He looked pointedly at Kagura.
The female youkai nodded slightly. "I know. He's near." She looked at Hakudoushi. "Hey kid. Don't go anywhere. I'm going to go let someone know that I'm alive and then... I'll come back and get you."
Hakudoushi blinked. "Why?" He frowned.
"You don't want me to?" Kagura arched an eyebrow.
"No. I mean... It is not like that. I just... do not understand. What do you want with me?"
Kagura shrugged. "You're my brother and you gave your power up, so Kanna and I could come back. You'll need someone to protect you now. It might as well be me." She grinned. "Besides, I kind of like the idea of having a grumpy little kid tagging along with me wherever I go."
At the look of disbelief the boy gave her, Kagura grinned more widely. "It won't be so bad. At least we already know that you don't get airsick."
Leaving Hakadoushi to play chaperone for Kanna and Lord Kinkaji, Kagura headed off on one of her feathers.
She was overjoyed to find that Kinkaji's spell had restored her own powers as well as her body and her life. Flying had always brought her joy and flying with the feel of her heart beating steadily inside her was even more wonderful. But when she saw the one that she'd come to find... she found that there was something else a heart could do.
It could thump like crazy and make her whole chest ache with longing.
It took a lot of effort, but she managed to remain cool and calm as she swooped in and landed a short distance from Sesshoumaru. "Hey." She looked around in surprise. "What? No minions?"
Sesshoumaru spoke very softly. "Who are you?" He was standing very still and frowning ever so slightly. For him, that was the equivalent of a full angry glare.
Kagura smiled a little. "It's really me. Long story. Basically... Naraku's death meant it was safe for me to come back now. Kanna too. Hakudoushi's also alive. He was rescued from the void inside that monk's hand and he's been kept sleeping until now. He won't be a threat to anyone, though. He gave up his power to help bring me and my sister back."
She smiled more as Sesshoumaru kept frowning at her. "I know it's hard to believe, Sesshoumaru. Maybe this will make it easier for you. The one who organised it all... is named Kinkaji."
Sesshoumaru's eyes widened very slightly and then he relaxed and nodded. "He and I have met. More than once, although I did not recognise him at the time. He was disguised. It was only after that I realised his identity."
He studied her for a moment, then nodded slightly. "Your scent has changed, but it is still yours."
"Huh? Changed? Oh. That's probably because this time I wasn't actually born from Naraku. It was just a mix of his and Hakudoushi's power that made me." She shrugged, then arched an eyebrow.
"You know... Really, it's no wonder that you're still single. Most women don't like hearing that they smell." She looked amused.
Sesshoumaru arched an eyebrow all of a millimetre. At most. "My unattached state is of interest to you?"
Kagura grinned at him and slowly began walking towards him. "Your unattached state, as you put it, is very much of interest to me. It always has been. I was just... not free to do anything about it."
She stopped a short distance from him. "Until now." She smiled at him. "Just so you know, I like children. I hope to have a few of my own, some day. I'm also going to have Hakudoushi with me from now on. He's pretty much powerless and he'll need someone to look after him. I want to do it."
Sesshoumaru frowned slightly. "Even powerless... he could still cause considerable trouble."
"I know. He'll need someone to rein him in on occasion. I don't know what I'll be like as a big sister or mother, but I have a feeling I'm likely to spoil the kid more than anything else." Kagura shrugged. "I have a bit of a soft spot for him. Even when things were at their worst and he was undeniably evil, there were still times when he looked and acted just like a scared little boy."
She looked at Sesshoumaru and hesitated, then took a deep breath. No point in chickening out now. Time to get to the point. "I don't suppose you'd be interested in helping me to keep him from trying to take over everything in sight, would you?"
Sesshoumaru's eyebrow arched a little higher. "What would I get in return?"
Kagura shrugged. "I was thinking we could work out the details as we go along."
For a few moments, the youkai lord looked at her thoughtfully, then he nodded once. "Perhaps. Meet me by the river this evening. We will discuss it in more detail, then."
The female youkai blinked and then smiled. "I'll be there. Should I bring Hakudoushi with me?"
"No." He paused, then added quietly, "I will also be alone."
Kagura smiled. "So it will be just the two of us. I rather like the sound of that."
That night, Kinkaji stood on the balcony outside his bedroom, listening to the night sounds of the wind and the trees of the mountain his home was built on. A soft rustle from behind him made him smile. "He is sleeping?"
Shiyounin moved to stand beside her master and also looked out into the night. "Yes. He was quite irritated that Kagura had gone out to meet Sesshoumaru again." Her eyes twinkled as she spoke.
Kinkaji laughed softly. "Jealous already. He'll make a good little brother for her." He glanced at his companion. "Things worked out quite well, all around. Wouldn't you agree?"
Shiyounin nodded and smiled at him warmly. "Of course. I never doubted you."
"You always were a terrible liar." Kinkaji grinned as she just shrugged, not bothering to deny it. "I have to admit though, I was a bit worried myself there, for a while. I'm just glad that Hakudoushi acted the way I thought he might."
"Hmm."
Kinkaji looked out at the night again. "You're wondering, aren't you? Why I didn't just use my own power to bring them back. Why I needed to take Hakudoushi's."
"Yes. Your power is greater and it would not have been a permanent loss, for you. Your strength would have soon returned. It is your spell, after all." She smiled a little. "But... I believe I know the answer already." She glanced at her master, now smiling at him as she softly continued speaking.
"With his power gone, he is no longer a danger to anyone. He is merely a clever child. Also, the bond between him and his sisters has strengthened, because he gave up so much to bring them back. Kagura has even agreed to take care of him. Although... I suspect she is using it as an excuse. Or rather, a reason that he will accept over the truth. She truly wishes to care for him."
Kinkaji smiled back and nodded. "I agree. He understands doing things out of obligation much better than doing things out of love." He paused for a moment, then grinned mischievously. "I just hope that his mind doesn't collapse in on itself when he realises that Kagura is seeing Sesshoumaru because she actually has feelings for him."
Shiyounin laughed softly and nodded. "That will likely come as a shock to the child. Although, I suspect that Sesshoumaru's servant will be even more shocked."
Kinkaji grinned. "I'd say horrified beyond belief would be closer to the truth."
After their shared moment of mirth at the thought of Jaken's reaction, Master and Servant stood in silence for a few minutes, both staring out at the night in quiet thought.
"It's finally over." Kinkaji softly broke the silence. "It's hard to believe that Naraku is really gone."
"Yes." Shiyounin sighed softly. "It is most strange. Somehow, I always thought that this moment would feel more... momentous. Instead, life for the rest of us... merely goes on."
Kinkaji smiled and nodded. "I would say that is our ultimate triumph over Naraku, Shiyounin. He is gone... but we all live on. I have no doubt that he would be very annoyed by that." He grinned happily at the thought.


Ah, but Ed: you forget that according to Ms Duflo's TED talk, any knowledge that development workers have acquired prior to RCTs is the equivalent of medieval doctors applying leeches. So your work simply doesn't count.
Have you read "Portfolios of the Poor, how the Poor live on $2 a Day"? The researchers use year-long financial diaries to gain qualitative insight into the financial needs of the very poor. It was much more insightful to me than many of the economistic explanations I have read.
I have not read that one specifically (saw excerpts), but in general like the approach. It's very similar to what we did in Malawi, though I admit we only did quarterly surveys. However, we took it another step, incorporating more participant observation and deep interviewing on things like household and gender dynamics to better contextualize the interview material. After years of work in Ghana, I found that I was unable to make sense of survey data without a lot of contextual information that could help in the interpretation of the data coming in . . .
Just came across your great blog. What a great post and critique of the hunger article. Their book is similar: I was pretty shocked when i read a review of their book stating, "What sets it apart from numerous other books on similar topics is the anthropological approach taken by the economists." Hardly an anthropological approach!
Thanks very much. I am fortunate to know a few economists who recognize that they need qualitative research to really get at their questions, and know that their standard methods don't quite get there. And I have had an exchange with Esther Duflo, who in person is both very gracious and substantially more humble about what she does than much of the writing about her. That said, I really think she does not fully understand qualitative research (and the need for rigor and validity in qual research, which we CAN establish) . . . which makes her like most folks who do not operate in anthro, geog, and their affiliated disciplines. All there is to do, I think, is educate – reach out to the policy and general audiences and explain what we do, over and over again, until someone hears us. And remind them that we've known a lot of "revelatory" stuff in this behavior econ lit for a very long time . . .
Give my best to Peter Little – I took a seminar from him back at Kentucky . . .
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Come learn a new skill (or refine an old one) and create your own leather belt that you will wear for years! Or make a unique hand-crafted gift for a loved one.
In this 5 hour workshop you will learn how to stamp, dye and assemble a leather belt to take home with you.
Choose from a variety of picture, alphabet, and pattern-making tools to personalise your piece and make it as simple or detailed as you like.
All materials will be provided (but if you prefer to bring your own buckle to use please feel free to do so), as well as a glass of wine or a cuppa tea.
WOTSO Space, Flinders Street, Adelaide, 5000.
For more information and ticket purchase click link below.
Intro to leather craft - make your own purse!
Create your own stamped leather mini purse! The art of leather stamping involves imprinting leather with metal stamps and a hammer or mallet to create a pattern, text or picture.
In this fun hands-on class you can enjoy a glass of wine or cuppa tea while getting creative. All materials will be provided for stamping, dying and assembling your very own small purse.
Choose from a large variety of picture, alphabet and pattern-making tools to personalise your piece. This class is perfect for beginners wanting to learn a new skill, as well as those wanting to practice an old skill!
Create something unique for yourself or personalise a gift for a friend! The art of leather stamping involves imprinting leather with metal stamps and a hammer or mallet to create a pattern, text or picture. In this hands-on class you will get the chance to experiment with stamping your own designs as well as learning the basics of cutting, shaping, staining and assembling your creations.
Enjoy getting creative while sipping on a glass of wine, and at the end of the class you will take home a collection of your very own handmade pieces, such as luggage tags, key chains and bracelets!
A group exhibition with works by Beth Newton, Carolyn Jarrett, Christine Butcher & Eleanor Day.
Exhibited at Pruners Hut - Trotts Road, McLaren Flat.
Artworks available for purchase - please contact me.


Sara Gilbert who is most known for playing Darlene Connor in the sitcom Roseanne is returning to weekly television. Sara has been cast to costar in the CBS pilot Bad Teacher (Deadline).
Based on the 2011 movie, CBS' single-camera pilot Bad Teacher, written by Hilary Winston, directed by Don Scardino and produced by Gene Stupnitsky and Lee Eisenberg, centers on hot, confident, unapologetic former trophy wife Meredith Davis (Ari Graynor), who becomes a teacher to find a new man after her husband leaves her without a dime. Gilbert will play Irene, a shy, introverted drama and English teacher who, when activated, can be a bit intense.


MILAN (AP) — Calling hunger "a terrible injustice," U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon marked World Food Day with a visit to the Milan Expo World's Fair, which is focusing on food security and nutrition.
Ban on Friday called for "food security for all the people around the world — to build a global movement to end hunger."
Italian officials presented him with the Milan Charter, signed by more than 1 million people during the six months of the fair, recording individual commitments to help secure food and water for the world's growing population.
The document hopes to boost one of the U.N.'s sustainable development goals, agreed upon by world leaders last month at the U.N. General Assembly, to eliminate hunger by 2030. It also aims to be an Expo 2015 legacy.


I've spent the past week continuing the big studio project, purging what used to be the kids' closet. Twenty years of kids' schoolwork…buh-bye. Rock and magnet collections? Gone! The best stuff went to friends' kids, so that was fun to curate. Now it's time to get back to work.
But first, a walk in the park…Forest Park. I went on a hike there yesterday with friends. It's 5,157 acres inside the city of Portland, which makes it the largest urban forest in the United States. I'd never been there before, and I'm a native Portlander!
It's trillium season in the Pacific Northwest.
These are one of my favorite wildflowers.
I love these fungi taking over this log.
Now I'm back to my knitting, working on a design to use the leftover yarn from my Aloha Shawl. And planning the Aloha Shawlette and Shawl KAL! Sharon (Stitchjones) and I are excited to be working on this KAL together. You can use her gorgeous Pai Mei Sock yarn in Rainbow Shave Ice and Warm Sand, or you can use your own yarn. The pattern is still $2 off through April 10; use the coupon code ALOHA to purchase. And swing by the KAL thread on Ravelry!
Is it spring in your neck of the woods yet?
This entry was posted in KAL, Knit, pattern design, travel and tagged Aloha KAL, Forest Park, trilliums. Bookmark the permalink.
We took the Maple Trail, off Saltzman Road. You can head up to a washed out bridge, or you can head down, to an intact bridge! We went up, first, turned around at the wash out (there's a log across, but too precarious with dogs racing us), and went the other way. Would love to explore further down.
Aww, thanks for all the lovely pictures of Forest Park. I lived in Beaverton from 83 to 90, and then Cannon Beach for 4 years before marrying and moving to the Bay Area. We used to go to Forest Park all the time. The zoo, the Japanese Garden, the rose garden and all those lovely rhodies in the spring. It is just a jewel. Your post just took me back. I miss Portland.
You should come back and visit! Especially during yarn crawl season. But I do think April is the loveliest month in Portland, with all the flowering trees blooming. We've had the cherries, plums, magnolias, and the dogwoods are up next!
Lovely! I took my kids to Leach botanical gardens yesterday and saw many of the same flowers. What a lovely time of year.
I'm also about to cast on the Trillium shawlette, which seems fitting. 🙂 and I'll be using a skein I bought during the yarn crawl.
Yes! Finally. I even have laundry out on the line today. So happy.
Some days are spring. Some days are already SUMMER!
Love that crazy flower that has no name. It's awesome.
I love the pictures of trillium! How beautiful.


text:
Q: Arithmetic Operations in a Userform I have made the userform so I will use that to describe my problem.
I want to take four user inputs (cost of product, number of units sold, number of units returned, and cost of fix per unit) and calculate 6 things from it such as total earnings (cost of product x number of units sold) and total returned cost (cost of product x number of units returned).
How would I go about writing the code?
Userform image here: http://imgur.com/a/qc3Kk

A: So, here is my take on this solution. It isn't a very complicated program to create. Overall, it is one UserForm, following the design of yours in the image with one section of code doing the calculations and one section of code that ensures the values input in the textboxes are numeric. The interface is a combination of labels and textboxes:

There is a code for each textbox that evaluates whether the value entered is numerica and alerts you if it is not. Each routine uses the IsNumeric function for the purpose and also sees if there is a value in the textbox at all. The AfterUpdate event ensures that the routine only runs after you input something. You have the option of either having a routine for each textbox separately, or write a more integrated routine in a module that each textbox references. For the sake of the example:
Private Sub txtCost_AfterUpdate()

        With UserForm1
            With .txtCost

                If Not IsNumeric(.Value) Or .Value = "" Then
                    MsgBox "Please enter a numeric value only!"
                End If

            End With
        End With

End Sub
    Private Sub txtReturned_AfterUpdate()

        With UserForm1
            With .txtReturned
                If Not IsNumeric(.Value) Or .Value = "" Then
                    MsgBox "Please ensure you enter only numeric values"

                End If

            End With
        End With
    End Sub

    Private Sub txtTotalFix_AfterUpdate()
        With UserForm1
            With .txtTotalFix

                If Not IsNumeric(.Value) Or .Value = "" Then
                    MsgBox "Please ensure you enter only numeric values"
                End If

            End With
        End With
    End Sub

    Private Sub txtUnits_AfterUpdate()

        With UserForm1
            With .txtUnits

                If Not IsNumeric(.Value) Or .Value = "" Then
                    MsgBox "Please ensure you enter only numeric values"
                End If

            End With

        End With
    End Sub

The meat and potatoes of the routine are also not complicated. I've directly used the values of each textbox to spit out the values of the computations. Alternatively, you might choose to use variables (I've decalred x As Double, because you could be dealing with quite large numbers, but it isn't used in this example). The routine lives in Module1 and checks that all the values are numbers with the same IsNumeric function and runs through the formulas, alerting you if any of them are empty or not a number. I wasn't positive of how you calculated savings or your criteria of YES or NO, so you may have to adjust that.
Sub QA_prog()

Dim x As Double

With UserForm1

    If IsNumeric(.txtCost.Value) And IsNumeric(.txtUnits.Value) _
        And IsNumeric(.txtReturned.Value) And IsNumeric(.txtTotalFix.Value) Then

             .lblEarn.Caption = .txtCost.Value * .txtUnits.Value
             .lblTRC.Caption = .txtCost * .txtTotalFix
             .lblProfit = .lblEarn.Caption - .lblTRC.Caption
             .lblCostFix = .txtReturned * .txtTotalFix
             .lblTE.Caption = .lblProfit - .lblCostFix
             .lblSave.Caption = .lblTRC + .lblCostFix

            If .lblSave.Caption > 5000 Then
                .txtYorN.Text = "NO"
            Else
                .txtYorN.Text = "YES"
            End If

    Else

        MsgBox "Double check your values!"

    End If

End With

End Sub

Finally, the buttons. Exit button closes the program using Unload:
Private Sub cmdExit_Click()
Unload UserForm1
End Sub

Calculate button calls the QA Sub routine:
Private Sub cmdCalc_Click()
Module1.QA_prog
End Sub

To trigger the program, you just need to add a button to the spreadsheet and type "UserForm1.show" in its code window to activate the program.


Do You Have a Kill Switch?
There are times in the life of a leader when a kill switch is a good thing. I want the leader of the organization or the leader of the team to be able to make the really tough call that will save the day. Boldness and courage are necessary traits of a great leader. But a kill switch is only good if you can keep it under control.
Do you know someone who has a "kill switch"? I'm very competitive and I always want to win, but when it comes to games and sports I don't have a kill switch.
I played racquetball for about seven years through my thirties. I played against guys who were better than me but I never gave up even if the score was far in their favor. I played hard to win, but in the end it was just a game to me. Some would say that cost me the winning edge, and in some ways I'm sure that's true.
To some of my opponents, however, it was more than a game. If I was winning, something clicked inside them. It was as if their eyes flipped red and nothing else mattered. They would do anything to win. Their kill switch was on!
A good leader doesn't use this notion of a killer instinct as an excuse to be angry or get their way. A good leader keeps that switch under control and only uses it for the good of the organization and to help other people.
The idea of a kill switch may sound negative to you, but that's only if it's against you. If it's for you, it's awesome. If you invest in a business, you want the CEO to have a kill switch! If you are battling cancer you want a doctor who has a kill switch fighting for you and refusing to give up. Heck, I want the senior pastor of our church to have a kill switch! That means at the right times, when needed, a bold vision can be cast for the good of the entire church where other leaders might pull back!
Do you have a kill switch? How do you know if it's under control? Here are five quick points to help you know the answer to that question.
It's used only for the good of others.
It's prompted and guided by the Holy Spirit.
You don't use it to get your way.
You have measurable Kingdom success from past kill switch moments.
Many people thank you for that particular leadership moment.
I Timothy 3:1 states that leadership is a worthy ambition. It's also true that leaders have drive. They have vision. They want to take new territory! How you go about that makes a huge difference!
What are your thoughts? Take a minute to leave a comment.
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The Network Manager has identified space weather as a potential problem for European air traffic management, given that it is capable of disrupting aviation's communications, navigation and surveillance systems.
Space weather - solar activity and solar wind in the magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere - can affect the performance and reliability of both space- and ground-based technology. Satellites, radio communications and even electrical power grids can be damaged by space weather. Increased radiation as a result of space weather can potentially affect flight crews, especially at higher latitudes.
Solar eruptions can affect the earth and are more likely to occur during or just after periods of high solar activity. Solar activity has cycles of roughly eleven years and we are in one right now. The current period started in 2011 and will end in 2017.
Satellites are, unsurprisingly, vulnerable to space weather. Solar energetic particles emitted by the sun can hit satellites and cause their electronic systems to fail. Geomagnetic storms and an increase in extreme ultraviolet radiation expand the earth's atmosphere and increase drag on low orbit satellites, making them less reliable.
Satellites have been lost - in 1989 and 2003 - because of space weather. If we have exceedingly bad space weather, experts have estimated that we could lose around half of our satellites. This would mean that we could no longer use satellite systems for navigation and surveillance.
Magnetic storms can affect electrical power grids. They cause transformer saturation which reduces or distorts voltage. This can lead to transformer failure and power grid collapse. The loss of a transformer is serious: they take eighteen months to replace. In March 1989, this happened to the Quebec power grid: its long lines and static transformers made it particularly sensitive and it collapsed, leading to a nine-hour blackout and power supply problems which persisted for some time afterwards.
Space weather can affect communications, too. Solar disruptions can affect radio, especially HF (high frequency). Power failure and induced current in telecommunications grids could knock out internet access and telephones.
Solar storms can create unusually high levels of ionising radiation - up to a hundred times higher than usual. This can affect flight crews and passengers, but radiation can also impact on electronics and aircraft avionics.
The Network Manager is in touch with specialist agencies and organisations which can give early warnings and expert information. It is keeping a close watch on the situation and ready to take instant action if anything happens.
To see what the role of the Network Manager is in managing crisis, check out our special dossier here.
For more information on space weather, check out the space weather prediction center website.
A Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) image captured on June 7, 2011, during which an eruption of solar material mushroomed up and fell down to what appeared to be nearly half the sun's surface. Credit: NASA/SDO and the AIA science team.


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From 1605 to the present day, Lyveden remains virtually as it was left four centuries ago. A building with no roof, no windows and no floors. A garden with moats on three of four intended sides, no plants, no statues ort paths. Surrounded in folklore and mystery, Lyveden has escaped the influence of time, fashion and conflict.
Donated to the National Trust in 1922, Lyveden became protected from the modern influences of the 20th century. However, it was not until the 1990s that the Trust began the gradual process to uncover the neglect and abandonment of the hidden garden.
Today, the scale, form and beauty of Tresham's work can again be appreciated and acknowledged as one of the rarest survivals of Elizabethan garden design.
Lyveden was intended for entertaining guests, allowing them to gaze out over the estate. With its rich history, Lyveden provides an unusual backdrop for marquee wedding receptions. Why not have a firework finale? A memorable reminder of why Lyveden stands incomplete after events of November 1605.


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State Dept. Official: U.S. 'Playing Catch-up' in Era of Big Power Competition
U.S., focused on counter-terror operations for past decade, neglected return to strategic competition
Wess Mitchell / Getty Images
Natalie Johnson - September 6, 2018 11:20 AM
The United States and its western allies are now "playing catch-up" against adversaries such as Russia and China after more than a decade and a half of focusing on counterterrorism operations, according to the State Department's point man on Europe.
Speaking Wednesday at a conference hosted by the Institute for the Study of War, Wess Mitchell, who oversees the State Department's Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, said U.S. policy up until this year has largely neglected the return to strategic competition.
"Unfortunately, I think we have been in a period of big power competition for some time, but I don't think that the United States has prepared itself for that adequately," Mitchell said.
"I don't think we have—and much of the Western world has—acted on the basis of an assumption that we're part of a big power competition, but our competitors have been planning and acting on the basis of a big power competition and so I think we're playing catch-up."
Mitchell endorsed the Trump administration's National Defense Strategy released in January, which declared a decisive policy shift away from terrorism and toward great power competition with "revisionist powers" such as Russia and China. Upon releasing the document, Defense Secretary Jim Mattis warned that U.S. military advantages have "eroded" in every domain of warfare.
Though a decade of budget cuts, sequestration, and the inability of Congress to pass long-term budgets has contributed to the erosion, Mitchell said so, too, has the inability to recognize the reemergence of great power conflict.
"The arctic is a great example of where the West is now playing catch-up and where, in this case, the Russian Federation was early in recognizing the resource potential of the arctic long-term and treated it as a strategic theater," he said.
Despite the lag, Mitchell said the United States and its allies are now "very well awake to the fact that Vladimir Putin is serious" and are "rapidly catching up to the techniques and intentions" of the Kremlin.
This entry was posted in National Security and tagged China, Military, Russia. Bookmark the permalink.
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Natalie Johnson is a staff writer at the Washington Free Beacon. Prior to joining the Free Beacon, she was a news reporter at the Daily Signal. Johnson's work has been featured in outlets such as Newsweek, Fox News and Drudge Report. She graduated from James Madison University in 2015 with a B.A. in political science and journalism. She can be reached at johnson@freebeacon.com. Her twitter handle is @nataliejohnsonn.


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I have a game for iOS named "The Robbery". What can I do find investment to improve the game, and to have a good marketing campaign?
The game contains 25 levels(You are in a different room each level and you need to find clues to crack the safe). Each level has unique design, unique graphics, and that cost me a lot of time as a developer and good investment in the graphics.
I'm at the point where I need extra resources to improve the game(Hire a coder, artist and be able to work with them full-time), and to market the game.
I love the game, and I think it has great potential, but I need to put it into people's hands. The game in live on the AppStore, but without any marketing budget till now.
What advices do you have?
Dan Martell answered
Raising capital for a game in todays world is no different then raising money for a movie as it's a "hits business". Find other people who have raised money and ask them who they got money from, then try and convince them that you'll be able to make them money with your game.
It's really that simple.
1) Create a list of all games you know that have raised money
2) Cold email the CEO/Founder (tip: firstname@company.com)
3) Get them on a call for advice
4) If they like you, ask them who invested and if they'd make an intro
5) Persuade the investors you're a good investment.
Outside of that, get a bunch of credit cards, ask your friends and family or max out your available credit.
If you think $1 invested can generate $1.50 - then invest yourself on credit.
That's how many people have done it, including myself.
Gordon Freedman answered
Great answer Dan. I will add to the list, find people who are influential in the game space and cold call them too. Their feedback is more important than their money, but you may get both.
Mario Kroll answered
I'm personally a bit reluctant to look at my personal credit cards as funding source, especially for a highly competitive venture like a video game.
I personally had a hard time finding the game on the iTunes store. There's next to no press coverage or google hits for it. That's the lowest hanging fruit to generate awareness and interest.
You have 5 reviews with a respectable 3 1/2 (out of 5) stars. One strategy I've used successfully is to create a champion team or early adopters (which is difficult once the game is already launched) and asked them to review the game honestly for either a free copy (if paid) or fully unlocked (if F2P) as yours. You're not telling them you require positive reviews, but most people that take you up on this will be positive. The game, of course, has to stand on its own.
Once you generate both positive press interest and coverage (write every major blogger that covers mobile games and soft sell them on taking a look at the game or hire a PR freelancer that can do this for you) and positive reviews (which may also move you onto "what's hot" and "editor's choice" iTunes Store categories) you have a much better pitch for potential investors.
However, first question they will ask is how the game is selling or, in this case, how the monetization is going since it's F2P. Hope that helps.
This may also be of help: http://www.slideshare.net/tomaso67/wp-mobile-games-marketing


Despite rampant plaque pathology, most transgenic mice that overproduce amyloidβ (Aβ) fail to capture other hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, such as neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal loss. Now, a study in the July 17 Science Translational Medicine suggests that some of these models may be better than previously thought. Scientists led by Mathias Jucker, University of Tübingen, Germany, report that changes in mouse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and Aβ look strikingly similar to those of people with sporadic or familial Alzheimer's disease. These animals could help predict how human CSF Aβ and tau may shift in response to drugs in early-stage trials, and may help researchers develop new CSF-based markers, the authors wrote.
"The study suggests that animal models of amyloidosis can help us model aspects of human AD that we didn't think they could before," said David Holtzman, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
First author Luis Maia presented this data at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference, which ran July 13-18 in Boston, Massachusetts. His presentation came hot on the heels of a well-received plenary talk by David Borchelt, University of Florida, Gainesville, entitled "Are our animal models good enough?" Borchelt noted that while potential AD therapeutics look impressive in various mouse models, none have translated into an approved treatment. He contended that since their cognitive deficits are subtle and they retain the vast majority of their synapses and neurons, many of these mice model prodromal Alzheimer's rather than symptomatic. Maia agreed in his talk, suggesting that the emerging biomarker data for APP/PS1 and APP23 mice fits the prodromal profile. Other researchers at the meeting challenged that view. For example, Kelly Dineley, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, suggested that the cognitive decline in the mice was more akin to symptomatic AD.
Previous studies reported that CSF monomeric Aβ levels fall as transgenic mice age and develop Aβ plaques (see Kawarabayashi et al., 2001 and Liu et al., 2004). That recapitulates the pattern seen in people who develop AD. As more Aβ deposits in the brain, less of the soluble peptide winds its way into the CSF. However, few researchers thought to look for CSF tau changes, Jucker told Alzforum. This was partly because tau was not expected to show up in CSF since the animals have no neurofibrillary tangles and little neurodegeneration, and partly because the teeny volume of mouse CSF (about 5-10 uL) and the low concentration of tau made the protein difficult to measure. Maia and co-first author Stephan Kaeser used a highly sensitive antibody-based chemiluminscent assay developed by the company Meso Scale Discovery to detect both tau and Aβ.
The researchers used a method previously developed in Holtzman's lab to almost double the yield of mouse CSF. It keeps anaesthetized animals alive long enough to drain the fluid twice. Since the protocol requires animal sacrifice, Maia and colleagues sampled five different groups of mice at different time points over their lifespan. In the APPPS1 mice, Aβ42 fell by half at six months of age and by 80 percent at 18 months. Aβ40 dropped, too, but to a lesser extent: only 45 percent by 18 months. In the APP23 mice, Aβ42 decline began around 16 months, and reached a 60 percent drop by 30 months. In both of these cases, CSF Aβ levels inversely correlated with rising Aβ deposits in the brain as seen by immunocytochemistry and Congo red staining.
To the researchers' surprise, endogenous mouse tau rose in the CSF of both models shortly after Aβ levels began to drop. For APP/PS1 mice this was at six months, with tau surging to five times above baseline level by 18 months. The upshot was a 45-fold increase in the tau:Aβ42 ratio. In the APP23 mice, tau also rose about five-fold relative to baseline at 24 months, amounting to a 10-fold hike in the tau:Aβ42 ratio. In both types of mice, the rise occurred in the absence of global neuron loss, neurofibrillary tangle formation, or change in total tau in the brain. Many neuritic structures surrounding Aβ deposits contained phosphorylated tau, however. Meanwhile, levels of α–synuclein stayed the same, suggesting no overall release of cytoplasmic proteins from neurons.
These results challenge current assumptions about the cause of rising tau in human CSF, wrote the authors. If it is unrelated to neuron loss or neurofibrillary tangle formation, why does tau end up in the CSF? The authors suggested that neurons might release tau during normal physiological activity (see Pooler et al., 2013), which is stimulated by Aβ. Alternatively, tau could leak from neurites in response to Aβ–induced damage, suggested Jucker. Several other scientists voiced support for the latter hypothesis. Holtzman in particular said he has suspected such a tau-release mechanism for a while, as CSF tau levels tend to be stable in people with non-Aβ-related tauopathies (see Hall et al., 2012 ). If Aβ causes tau release, then anti-Aβ therapies might reduce CSF tau. On the other hand, tau therapies might not lower CSF tau because Aβ would continue to promote its release into the fluid.
CSF profiles in these mice do not exactly match those of humans with mild cognitive impairment or AD, noted Douglas Galasko, University of California, San Diego, in an email to Alzforum (see full comment below). He pointed out that CSF Aβ42 levels fall lower and tau levels rise higher in these mice, and that CSF Aβ40 does not typically fall in humans. "Nevertheless, the time course of these changes is highly relevant to evaluating the impact of treatment interventions, with the hope that predictions used from brain and CSF analysis in mice could help to guide translation into human studies," he wrote.
The results give the first real clinical significance to these mouse models, Jucker said, because they can help foretell how drugs will affect key CSF biomarkers in people, especially those with the particular familial AD mutations carried by the mice. He plans to observe how CSF Aβ and tau levels change in these models in the presence of BACE inhibitors, γ-secretase inhibitors, and various immunizations. He also plans to develop an assay to detect phosphorylated tau, which his group was unable to measure in this study.
This is an excellent and carefully conducted study, with implications for extrapolating from transgenic mouse models to human Alzheimer's disease. By characterizing two different transgenic models, one with less-aggressive amyloid pathology, the authors could dissect the time course of changes in the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain. It appears that brain Aβ increases slightly before the drop in CSF Aβ42, and tau increases more or less at the same time. The authors did not present a time course of specific forms of Aβ (e.g., oligomers or plaques), and it would be interesting to see this superimposed. That tau is increased in mouse CSF is interesting, and suggests that there is a degree of damage, with release of tau from neurons or axons, i.e., tau may be a damage marker rather than a neurodegeneration marker—because of the absence of neurotic pathology or tangles in these models. It will be interesting to identify whether phosphorylated tau is also present in the CSF, and its time course.
There are some differences between the findings and the typical CSF biomarker profile in AD (including familial AD). First, the CSF Aβ42 levels continue to decrease and the tau levels continue to rise to five-fold above baseline. This pattern is not seen to the same extent in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD. CSF Aβ42 in MCI or AD shows relatively small serial declines over 1–2 years, for example. Second, a decrease in CSF Aβ40 is not typical of AD. Nevertheless, the time course of these changes is highly relevant to evaluating the impact of treatment interventions, with the hope that predictions used for brain and CSF analysis in mice could help to guide translation into human studies. The species of tau that are found in mouse CSF and their phosphorylation state will be important to investigate further. Also, the mechanism of tau release in the transgenic mice has not been determined.
Liu L, Herukka SK, Minkeviciene R, van Groen T, Tanila H. Longitudinal observation on CSF Abeta42 levels in young to middle-aged amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 doubly transgenic mice. Neurobiol Dis. 2004 Dec;17(3):516-23. PubMed.
Maia LF, Kaeser SA, Reichwald J, Hruscha M, Martus P, Staufenbiel M, Jucker M. Changes in amyloid-β and Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of transgenic mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein. Sci Transl Med. 2013 Jul 17;5(194):194re2. PubMed.


text:
тн Е
MONTHLY REVIEW,
For DECEMBER, 1772.
ఉత్తరం
Art. I. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. Vol. LXI. For the Year 1771. In Two Parts. 400.
18 s. fewed. Davis. 1772. • STRONOMY generally fills a very considerable part of
the Philosophical Transactions of our Royal Society. In the present publication we have, under this division, first,
A Letter from Dr. FRANKLYN, F.R.S. to the Astronomer Royal;
containing an Observation of the Transit of MERCURY over the Sun, Nov. 9, 1769. By John Winthrop, Esq; F. R. S. Hollisian Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Cambridge, New England.
Mr. IVinthrop had a favourable opportunity for observing the beginning of this phænomenon : the planet made an impression on the sun's limb at 2 h. 52'. 41".; and appeared wholly within at 53' 58". apparent time. This transit compleats three petiods of 46 years, since the first observation of Gassendi, at Patis, in 1631. Art. 13. Extract of two Letters from M. Messier, of the Royal
Academy of Sciences, and F.R. S. to M. de MAGALHAENS, on a new Comet. Translated by Dr. Bevis.
This comet was discovered on the roth of January 1771. Its nucleus appeared, in the telescope, of a whitilh complexion, and not very well defined; surrounded with an atmosphere several minutes wide, with a faint tail five or fix degrees long.
apparent motion was retrograde from the equator towards the North Pole, M. Meffier has been no less alliduous than accurate in his observation of the heavens. This, he tells us, is the twelfth comet he has discovered in thirteen years past.
M. Pingrè has deduced the elements of this comet's orbit from the observations of M. Metsier, and concludes from them, that it passed its perihelion the 22d of Nov. 1770; that it reVoL, XLVII.
sembles
Tembles none of those whose elements are determined ; and tirat it may frequently have passed in the sun's neighbourhood imperceptible to the northern parts of the earth. Art. 14. Defcription and Use of a new construid Equatorial Ten
lescope, or portable Observatory, made by Mr. Edward Nairne, London.
We can give our Readers no tolerable idea of this inftrument, without the plate annexed to the article. The construction here described seems to be a valuable improvement.
Art. 43, 44, coistain several aftronomical and other observations made by Mr. Charles Green and Lieutenant James Cook, in their voyage, and during their stay at King George's (or as it is called by the natives, Otalseite) isand, in the South Sea.
Art. 45, gives an account of the late transit of Venus as it was observed by M. . Maurits Molt, in the New Observatory at Batavia. Art. 4.6. Kep'er's Method of computing the Moon's Paral'ax in So
lar Eclipjes, demon/irated and extended to all Degrees of the Moon's į atitude; as also to the cligning the Moon's correspondent apparent Diameter: Together with a concise Applicution of this Form of Calculation to tiofe Eclipses. By the late H. Pember
This paper contains a very ingenious and accurate solution of an abstruse problem in aftronomy.
As the moon's parallaxes continually vary during the progress of a solar eclipse, the repeated computation of thele renders the calculation of such eclipses very difficult and tedious. The compendium proposed by the famous Kepler, in his Rudolphine Tables, for this purpose, is by no means so clear and perfect as night be wished. To explain and demonstrate his method is the design of this article. Art. 49. Description of a Method of measuring Differences of right
Ascension and Declination, with Doilond's Micrometer; together with other new Applications of the same. By the Rev. Nevil Maskelyne, Astronomer Royal.
Mr. Dollond's divided object glass micrometer is, on various accounts, the most convenient and exact inftrument for measusing small diftances in the heavens, but is not so well adapred for measuring differences ct right afcenfion and declination as the common wire micrometer. The Author of this article proposes an easy and cheap contrivance in order to render ic fic for both these uses ; and he subjoins several neceffary instructions for using it with accuracy and advantage. Art. 51. An Account of the going of an Apronomical Clock. By
the Rev. Francis Woolaiton, F.R.S.
ton, M.D.
Art. 53. The Quantity of the Sun's Parallax as deduced from the
Observations of the Transit of Venus, on June 3, 1769. By Thomas Hornsby, M. A. Savilian Professor of Aftronomy in the University of Oxford, and F. R. S.
Mr. Hornsby makes the parallax on the 3d of June, by taking the mean result of several observations, 8". 65; whence the mean parallax will be found to be = 8.78; and if the semidiameter of the earth be supposed = 3985 English miles, the mean distance of the carth from the sun will be 93,726,900 English miles : and as the relative distances of the planets are known, their absolute distances, and consequently the dimena lions of the solar system, will be, as in the following table :
Mercury, 387,10 36,281,700
723,33 67,795,500
Earth, 1000,00 93,726,900
Mars, 1523,69 142,818,000
Jupiter,
5200,98 487,472,000
Saturn, 9540,07 894,162,000
MATHEMATICS. Art. 36. A Disquisition concerning certain Fluents, which are af
fignable by the Arcs of the Conic Sections ; wherein are inveslia gated some new and useful Theorems for computing such Fluents, By John Landen, F.R.S.
This disquisition is intended to supply a defect in theorems of a similar nature, proposed and exemplified by Mr. Maclaurin in his treatise of Fluxions, and Mr. D'Alembert, in the Memoirs of the Berlin Academy. As some of their theorems are partly expressed by the difference between the arc of an hypera bola and its tangent, and this difference is not directly attainable when such arc and its tangent are both infinite, a computation by such theorems must in all these cases be impracticable. To ascertain the limit of the difference abovementioned, and by means of this limit to facilitate the required computation, is Mr. Landen's object in this article. Art. 47. Of Logarithms. By the late William Jones, Efq;
F.R.S. It is a sufficient recommendation of this paper, that it is a genuine remain of that eminent mathematician the late Mr. Jones. No one better understood, and no one could better explain the nature and construction of logarithms. This article, though small, is an acceptable specimen of his unquestionable abilities in this department of science. As it will not admit of any extract or abridgment, we must refer our mathematical Readers co the paper itself.
[To be continued.)
Art. II. ÉJays on the Spirit of Legislation, in the Encouragement of
Agriculture, Population, Manufactures, and Commerce. Containing Observations on the political Sy/tems at present pursued in various Countries of Europe, for the advancement of those effential Interefs. Tranflated from the original French, which gained the Premiums offered by the Society of Berne in Switzerland, for the best Compositions on this Subject. 8vo. 55. 3 d. Boards. Nicoll. 1772.
HE great objects in the domestic policy of nations are
commerce, agriculture, and the arts; and those citizens are usefully employed, who endeavour to investigate the proper methods of promoting their advancement. In the present publication we meet with several interesting memoirs on these important topics. The degrees of their merit are by no means equal; but in all of them we find a liberal and commendable fpirit of inquiry:
But while it is with real pleasure that, in the papers before us, we observe philosophy and jurisprudence applied to the lower as well as the higher precautions of civil government, we must acknowledge, that in perusing them we were sometimes led to imagine that men of letters were, in many respects, unequal to the minute investigation of the subjects attempted to be ex, plained in them. They cannot always obtain that information which practice communicates to the artisan, the labourer, and the man of business. A multitude of facts necessarily escape their attention; and, in their hafte to form conclufions, they too frequently forget that their premises are imperfect. Imagination and the spirit of hypothclis are consulted; and the inex. perienced Reader mistakes for the acquisitions of experience, the plausible pictures and inventions of an ingenious mind.
With this caution the present publication may be read, both with profit and satisfaction: even to those in power, to whom it chiefly addresles itself, it may exhibit views which they might profecute and improve with advantage. It is a melancholy reflection, however, that such men are not always solicitous to discharge, with honour, the important trusts with which they are invested. It happens frequently that they are unable, and they appear constantly unwilling, to attend to those minute details which alone can qualify them to act with propriety for the public grandeur and prosperity.
The following thoughts on the Freedom of Commerce,'may give our Readers an idea of the spirit of these memoirs :
• The eagerness for gain, so deeply imprinted in the minds of merchants, guaranties to us that they will always make every effort for extending commerce, without being in want of directions for each from government. It is not in states where they multiply ordonnances on commerce, and where they burthen it in a thousand ways, that it flourishes molt. These rules are commonly too varying and
changeable;
changeable; they either depend on passing circumstances, or they are gained by persons interested in obtaining great profits at the ex• pence of all other merchants. These fort of edicts are subject to contradict themselves from time to time; and as nothing is fixed, on which they could be founded, they only disconcert the enterprizes of the merchants. Fearing to find themselves traversed all of a sudden by unforeseen ordonnances, they dare not obey the calls of their genius, and cannot form succeslive projects. It is better to grant them an honeft liberty, which perinits them to hazard attempts for opening new branches of commerce.
• It is not that the bridle Mould be entirely relaxed in all points. If they know no other law than their avidity, they will often risque the prejudice, not only of the commerce, but also the agriculture and manufactures of a nation. It is, for example, mischievous to manufactures, and consequently to the commerce'of a state, to permit them to export and sell to ftrangers the raw materials upon which the arts are employed that are established in the country. England, so enlightened in its true intereits, knows well how to interdict her merchants exporting wool; and assuredly it is bad politics in Spain, to sell her wool to all other nations who will buy it, rather than work it up herself. It is also impoverishing a nation and discouraging her manufactures, to foffer them to import all sorts of foreign fabrics which might be made at home. These importations become above all burthensome, when, from neighbouring states, who can furnish immense quantities, and who at the same time, take care not to receive too much in exchange from other nations. In the same manner it is doing mischief to the agriculture of a country, to leave the merchants masters of importing at their will foreign corn, which sinks that at home to too low a price. For from thence it happens, that the cultivator not being sufficiently indemnified for his care and expences is disheartened, and works with languor, This is a case that is often found in the Pays-de-Vaud. When we have grain enough for our own consumption, we are exposed to receiving from Franche Comte great quantities, which prevent the hufbandman from selling his crops--engages him to neglect his lands, and renders him always more incapable of entering into a rivalry with his neighbours, upon the price of saleable commodities. All these examples prove sufficiently, that there are certain restrictions to which it is proper to subject merchants. But excepting cases of this nature we must leave them free.
• It is immediately visible, that we ought not to tax the sale of all that is fabricated in a country. When masters of exportation, preference should be given to the national manufactures. When all other nations are excluded from commerce, it is like the Japanese, who, to their great detriment, will not traffic with either the Chinese or Dutch. When they are restrained from selling merchandise, except to a single people, and under condition that a certain price is taken' for all, as is practised in a certain state. These sort of restrictions are ruinous to a nation. They prevent the sale of merchandise at a jaft price, and of profiting by the advantages. The merchants should rather be encouraged to carry their correspondence everywhere. The more markets they find, the more certain means they have of selling
manu.