text:
\section{Introduction}

Measurements of experimental observables in hadron-nucleus
collisions at relativistic energies strongly suggest that
final-state hadrons are not produced at the moment of collisions
$\tau_{coll.} \sim R_A/\gamma $,  $\gamma = E_N/m_N$. Instead, they
require a finite formation time, which can be viewed as the time
needed to build up the hadronic wave function, i.e. the time to
establish wavefunction overlap between the constituent partons.
Based on the uncertainty principle and time dilation, the production
of relativistic particles is supposed to follow a simple particle
energy dependence, i.e. low energy particles are produced first,
high energy particles - last. In elementary particle physics this is
known as the 'inside-outside cascade'. Its main features have been
verified in many deep inelastic scattering experiments~\cite{bial}.
The measured dependence of hadron production modification on the
mass of the nuclear target shows how important the interplay of this
simple hadronization time dependence and the space-time evolution of
the parton-nucleus interaction can be. Several model calculations
have argued that 'pre-hadron' formation is a possible mechanism that
can account for the scaling  of hadron multiplicity ratios in cold
nuclear matter~\cite{accardi,cassing}.

In relativistic heavy ion collisions (A+A) the hadron formation time is of
even greater importance because, here, a portion of the hadrons are
likely formed during the partonic lifetime of the quark-gluon plasma
(QGP), and therefore will generate a mixed phase with the QGP. The
interactions of these hadrons with the plasma phase could
potentially be used to elucidate both fundamental physics concepts
and specific physics mechanisms, such  as the existence of chiral
symmetry restoration in high energy nuclear collisions or the nature
of heavy flavor energy loss in the plasma.  Adil and Vitev~\cite{vitev}
have recently shown that early hadronization of heavy quarks
triggers a new type of interaction between the charm and beauty mesons
and the hot partonic medium. Collisional dissociation of heavy
mesons in the QGP emulates large energy loss
and leads to significant suppression of their experimentally observed
cross sections, as measured through semi-leptonic decay channels by
STAR and PHENIX~\cite{heavy1,heavy2}.

In this paper we build upon the recent developments toward
incorporating the space-time picture of hadronization in heavy ion
phenomenology and evaluate the formation time of light- and
strange-quark heavy-mass hadronic resonances, such as the K$^{*}$,
$\phi$, $\Delta$ and $\Lambda^{*}$, in order to determine the
probability of interaction between early-formed resonances and the
partonic medium. In the second part of the paper we propose, based
on the encouraging model results, a specific triggered jet
correlation measurement for RHIC and the LHC, which could resolve
the question of resonance
modification~\cite{Holt:2004tp,Filip:2001st,Cassing:1997jz}, including baryon
states~\cite{baryons}, through partial chiral symmetry restoration.

\section{Treatment of formation time in high energy collisions}

The simplest formulation of the energy and mass dependence of the
inside-outside cascade~\cite{Bjorken:1976mk} can be written as:
\begin{equation}
 \tau_{\rm form} = \tau_0 \frac{E}{m} \; ,
\label{iocas}
\end{equation}
where $\tau_{\rm form}$ is the formation time, $\tau_0$ is
the proper formation time in the hadron's rest frame, $E$
is the energy of the hadron and $m$ is its mass. Eq.~(\ref{iocas})
has the transparent interpretation of
a Lorentz-dilated interval $\tau_0 \sim R_h \sim 1$~fm/c. In such a
model high energy particles are produced later, and heavy mass
particles are produced earlier.

The space-time picture of hadronization was re-examined for
string fragmentation models, such as the Lund model~\cite{lund},
to point out that different hadron constituents are produced at
different times~\cite{Kopeliovich:1984ur,gyulassy}.  One can then distinguish
between a constituent length, which is the time ($c=1$)
after which the valence quarks of the hadron are formed through
color string breaking, and the formation length,
which is the time when the quarks coalesce to form
a hadron. Between constituent length and formation length the
structure can be envisioned as a pre-hadron. The constituent
length itself vanishes when the hadron is near the kinematic
limit $z \rightarrow 1$ and this inverted formation hierarchy
is known as  an outside-inside cascade. If final-state hadron
(or pre-hadron)
absorption in cold nuclear matter is the origin of the observed
cross section attenuation in the HERMES semi-inclusive DIS
measurements~\cite{falter}, constituent length would appear
to more accurately capture the dynamics of meson and baryon
production in high energy collisions.

In this paper we are primarily interested in the production of
leading strange-quark resonances and their triggered correlations.
For such special kinematics and strong bias towards large
momentum fractions $z = p^+_{\rm hadron}/p^+$  models of cascade
hadronization can only serve as a guidance. In view of this, let us
revisit the formation time evaluation~\cite{vitev}, which is most easily
understood in the context of independent fragmentation~\cite{akk,soffer}.
In momentum  space, in lightcone coordinates, the fragmentation of
a parton of mass $m_q$ into a hadron of mass $m_h$ and a
light secondary parton can be represented as:
\begin{eqnarray}
\left[p^+, \frac{m_q^2}{2p^+}, {\bf 0} \right]
& \rightarrow & \left[zp^+, \frac{ {\bf k}^2 +  m_h^2}{2zp^+},
{\bf k} \right]  \nonumber \\
&& +
 \left[(1-z)p^+, \frac{ {\bf k}^2 }{2(1-z)p^+},
-{\bf k} \right] \;.  \quad
\label{fragtime}
\end{eqnarray}
Here $p^+$ is the large lightcone momentum
of the parent parton and $|{\bf k}| \sim \Lambda_{QCD}
\sim 200$~MeV/c  is the deviation from collinearity.
We can evaluate  the  lightcone  $\Delta y^+ =  \tau_{\rm form} +
l_{\rm form}$   that is conjugate to the non-conserved lightcone
momentum component
$\Delta p^- = (p^-)_{final} - (p^-)_{initial} $ of the evolving system:
\begin{eqnarray}
\Delta y^+ &\simeq& \frac{1}{\Delta p^-}  \;
\nonumber \\
& = & \; \frac{zp^+}{m_h}   \times  2 \left[ m_h +
\frac{ {\bf k}^2}{(1-z)m_h} - \frac{zm_q^2}{m_h}
                              \right]^{-1} \;. \quad
\label{tfrag}
\end{eqnarray}
The formation time then reads:
\begin{eqnarray}
&& \tau_{\rm form} = \frac{ \Delta y^+}{ 1+\beta_q} \;, \quad
\beta_q = \frac{p_q}{E_q} \;.
\label{tform}
\end{eqnarray}
We note that Eq.~(\ref{tform}) exhibits features of both inside-outside
and outside-inside cascades. It can be interpreted, similarly to
Eq.~(\ref{iocas}), as a boost to a proper formation time, which now
depends on the details of the parent parton decay. Our results, however,
also shows that $\tau_{\rm form} \rightarrow 0$ when $z \rightarrow 1$.
This effect is most pronounced for light pions, where
$m_\pi < \Lambda_{QCD}$, and there is absolute scale sensitivity
to the choice of the non-perturbative physics parameter
$|{\bf k}| \sim \Lambda_{QCD}$. For heavy  resonances such
sensitivity and the kinematic region of outside-inside cascade
are strongly reduced.

\section{QGP evolution}

At present there is no reliable dynamical mechanism that can
quantitatively describe the formation of a deconfined state, the
quark-gluon plasma, in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions.
Nuclear stopping, which at the partonic level is described by
inelastic quark and gluon interactions in cold nuclear
matter~\cite{Vitev:2007ve}, plays a major role in the liberation of
partonic degrees of freedom. However, for center of mass energies
$\sqrt{s}_{NN} > \sqrt{s}_{SPS} \approx 17$~GeV the collision time
$\tau_{coll.} \simeq 2 R_A / \gamma $ is  generally considered
insufficient for isotropisation and/or equilibration of the QGP,
should such state of matter be formed. For example, in central Pb+Pb
collisions at the LHC  $\tau_{coll.} = 5 \times 10^{-3}$~fm/c
($\rightarrow 0$) and can be used to mark the beginning of
final-state evolution with very little uncertainty. We can gain
insight in the timescale of  medium formation using the approximate
parton-hadron duality~\cite{Vitev:2005he} and the uncertainty
principle.  In high energy hadronic collisions light pions dominate
multiplicities  and $\tau_0 \approx 1 / \langle p_T \rangle_\pi $.
In our evaluation we take $\langle p_T \rangle  = 450$~MeV/c for
central Au+Au collisions at RHIC~\cite{Adler:2003cb} and note that
there is approximately $25\%$ variation of the mean transverse
momentum in going from central to peripheral collisions.
Extrapolations to LHC energies have been made using Monte Carlo
event generator results, fit to the CDF collaboration data from $
\sqrt{s} = 1.8 $~GeV $p+\bar{p}$ collisions~\cite{Sjostrand:2006za}.
Accounting for the above-mentioned variation in going from $N+N$  to
$A+A$ collisions we find $ \langle p_T \rangle  = 850  $~MeV/c for
central Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC. Consequently, $\tau_0^{RHIC} =
0.44$~fm/c and $\tau_0^{LHC} = 0.23$~fm/c.

Gluon degrees of freedom (8 colors, 2 polarizations) dominate soft
parton multiplicities at RHIC and the LHC  and their density can be
related to charged hadron rapidity density in a Bjorken  expansion
scenario as follows~\cite{Vitev:2005he}:
\begin{equation}
\rho(\tau) =  \frac{1}{\tau A_\perp} \frac{dN^g}{dy}
\approx  \frac{1}{ \tau A_\perp} \frac{3}{2}
\left| \frac{d\eta}{dy} \right|  \frac{dN^{ch}}{d\eta} \; .
\label{ydep}
\end{equation}
Assuming local thermal equilibrium one finds:
\begin{equation}
T(\tau) = \  ^3\!\sqrt{ \pi^2 \rho(\tau) / 16 \zeta(3) } \; .
\label{tempdet}
\end{equation}
In Eqs.~(\ref{ydep}) and (\ref{tempdet}) the average over the
distribution of densities, and correspondingly temperatures, in
the plane transverse to the collision axis is implicit.
For $b=3$~fm, $dN^g/dy = 1100$ at RHIC and $dN^g/dy = 2800$ at
the LHC  in Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions, respectively,
we find $T(\tau_0)_{RHIC} = 435$~MeV and
$T(\tau_0)_{LHC} = 713$~MeV.

The lifetime of the QGP itself depends on the details of the
expansion. Different hydrodynamic scenarios, including initial
conditions and type of expansion, appear to be approximately
consistent with the low $p_T$ data. In general, the faster the
transverse expansion $v_T \neq 0$, the shorter the lifetime of
the plasma will be. Thus, we can reliably give only the upper time
limit of the transition from the QGP phase to a hot hadron gas,
corresponding to the case of longitudinal Bjorken expansion:
\begin{equation}
\tau_{QGP} = \tau_0 (T_0/T_c)^3
\end{equation}
For a critical temperature $T_c \approx 180$~MeV, we find at RHIC
$\tau_{QGP} = 6.2$~fm/c and at the LHC $\tau_{QGP} = 14$~fm/c. We
emphasize again that these are mean values over the reaction
geometry and the hottest densest central region of the collision
will have larger QGP lifetimes. On the other hand, transverse expansion
will reduce the QGP lifetime, bringing the RHIC estimate in accord with
the measurement of hadronic resonance suppression in conjunction
with HBT measurements \cite{markert1}.

The qualitative dependence of leading hadron formation times on the
mass of the particle and the momentum and mass of the parent parton
are given in Figure~\ref{qualitat}. When compared to the lifetime of
the QGP at RHIC and the LHC we observe that for a wide range of
momenta, hadron formation times are well within the anticipated
lifetime of the plasma.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=2.9in]{FTmass.eps}
\label{formM} \vspace*{.2cm} \caption{\noindent Hadronic formation
time as a function of hadron mass for several quark p$_{T}$ and a
fixed fractional momentum z. The shaded areas show the upper and
lower limits for the lifetime of the partonic phase at RHIC and LHC,
respectively.} \label{qualitat}
\end{figure}

This is of particular interest for hadronic resonances, i.e. states
that might be formed and decay within the lifetime of the partonic
medium. Here, the hadron formed in the QGP will experience in-medium
interactions with the partonic system and decay off-shell if chiral
symmetry restoration reduces its mass. Consequently, intermediate momentum
resonances which are formed early and decay into particles that
escape the partonic medium with little hadronic reinteraction could be
used to test chiral symmetry restoration. According to UrQMD
calculations~\cite{urqmd}, hadronic reinteraction (rescattering and
regeneration) processes only affect the low momentum region ($p_{
T}$ = 0-2~GeV/c) of the resonance spectra. Therefore, for higher
momentum resonances, experimentally observable effects, such as
reduced production rates, modification of the branching ratios, mass
shifts and broadening of the widths in the QGP phase are expected
to be detectable. We take this as
an indication that a more detailed study of their production
and decay is justified to help guide experimental searches at RHIC
and the LHC.

\section{Formation time of heavy mass resonances in the partonic medium}

The study of particle formation in high energy heavy ion collisions requires
information about the distribution of the {\em observed} hadron momentum
fraction  relative to the parent quark or gluon, $P(z)$.  At  fixed momenta
$\{p_T\} = p_{T_1}\cdots p_{T_j}\cdots p_{T_n} $ and rapidities
$\{y\} = y_1 \cdots y_j \cdots y_n$, for a perturbative n-particle
production event,  including the simplest case of inclusive
hadrons, this probability is given by:
\begin{equation}
P(z_j) =  \frac{1}{ \frac{d\sigma^h(\{p_T\},\{y\})}{d\{y\} d \{p_T\} }  }
 \frac{d \sigma^h (\{p_T\},\{y\})}{d\{y\} d \{p_T \} \, dz_j}  \;.
\label{pz}
\end{equation}
The principal theoretical difficulty in obtaining $P(z)$ for resonances is
their unknown fragmentation functions, $D(z,Q^2)$.  Limited experimental
data on resonance production has hindered their inclusion in a global QCD
analysis~\cite{akk,soffer}. The approach that we here undertake is to use as a
guideline the known pion, kaon, proton, neutron and lambda decay
probabilities in approximating fragmentation into resonant states,
$D_{h^*}(z,Q^2) \propto D_h(z,Q^2) $. One notes that the overall
normalization of $D_{h^*}(z,Q^2)$ cancels in Eq.~(\ref{pz}) and it would
require decay probabilities of drastically different {\em shape}
to significantly alter $P(z)$ and, consequently, the hadron formation times for
$m_h > \Lambda_{QCD}$.

\begin{figure}[!t]
\includegraphics[width=2.9in]{RHICformN.eps}
\label{form1} \vspace*{.2cm} \caption{\noindent Transverse momentum
dependence of leading hadron formation times at RHIC energies,
$\sqrt{s}=200$~GeV. Results for both 'stable' particles and
resonances are presented. The shaded area represents the estimated
partonic lifetime at RHIC. Insert shows the meson and baryon
distributions $P(z)$ at a fixed momentum $p_T = 8$~GeV/c.}
\label{rhic}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!b]
\includegraphics[width=2.9in]{LHCformN.eps}
\label{form2} \vspace*{.2cm} \caption{ \noindent Transverse momentum
dependence of heavy resonance formation times at LHC  energies,
$\sqrt{s}=5.5$~TeV. The shaded area represents the estimated
partonic lifetime at LHC. Insert shows the meson and baryon
distributions $P(z)$ at a fixed momentum  $p_T = 32$~GeV/c. }
\label{lhc}
\end{figure}

To lowest order, the perturbative QCD cross sections of hard,
$p_T >$~few~GeV/c,  inclusive and jet- or  hadron-triggered
($\Delta \varphi =  \varphi_2 -\varphi_1 \approx \pi$)
particle production are calculated as follows~\cite{Qiu:2004da,Vitev:2006bi}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{ d\sigma^{h_1}_{NN} }{ dy_1  dp_{T_1}  }
& = &
K_{NLO}  \sum_{abcd} 2 \pi \,  p_{T_1}
\int_{x_{1,2}\leq 1}  dy_2 \int_{x_{1,2}\leq 1}  d z_1
   \nonumber \\
&& \hspace*{-2cm} \times \frac{1}{z_1^2} D_{h_1/c}(z_1)
   \frac{\phi_{a/N}({x}_a) \phi_{b/N}({x}_b) }{{x}_a{x}_b} \,
\frac{\alpha_s^2}{{S}^2 }  |\overline {M}_{ab\rightarrow cd}|^2   \;.
\label{single}
\end{eqnarray}

\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{ d\sigma^{h_1 h_2}_{NN} }{ dy_1  dy_2 d p_{T_1}  d p_{T_2} }
&=&
K_{NLO} \sum_{abcd} \,  2\pi  \int_{x_1 \leq 1, x_2 \leq 1,
z_2 \leq 1 }  d z_1
\nonumber \\
&& \hspace*{-1cm}
\times \frac{1}{z_1}  D_{h_1/c}(z_1)  D_{h_2/d}(z_2)
\frac{\phi_{a/N}({x}_a) \phi_{b/N}({x}_b) }{{x}_a{x}_b} \,
\nonumber \\
&& \hspace*{-1cm}
\times \frac{\alpha_s^2}{{S}^2 }
|\overline {M}_{ab\rightarrow cd}|^2   \;.
\label{double}
\end{eqnarray}
In  Eqs.~(\ref{single}) and (\ref{double}) vacuum and medium-induced
acoplanarity can also be incorporated~\cite{Vitev:2008vk}, but these have
a very small effect on the hadron formation in the kinematic region of
interest. It is important to note that for triggered back-to-back
correlations to lowest order $p_{T_1}/z_1 = p_{T_2} /z_2$~\cite{Rak:2004gk}.
For our choice of fragmentation functions, Ref.~\cite{akk}, the small
$z<0.05$ region has to be extrapolated.

Results for the mean formation time of hadronic resonances as  a  function
of their $p_T$,
\begin{equation}
\langle \tau_{\rm form} \rangle = \int_0^1 dz\, P(z)\,
\tau_{\rm form} (z; p_T,m_h,m_q,k_T=\Lambda_{QCD}) \; ,
\label{tauconv}
\end{equation}
compared to the estimated lifetime of the plasma at RHIC, are given
in Figure~\ref{rhic}. We note that at fixed  transverse momentum
$\langle  \tau_{\rm form}  \rangle $ is controlled primarily by the
particle mass. At higher $p_T$ there is a systematic bias toward
larger mean values of $z$ but these only affect the formation time
of the lightest particles, such as $\pi$ and $K$. We also studied
the validity of our assumption that we can get guidance for the
formation times of resonant particles from the known $P(z)$ momentum
fraction distributions for $\pi$, $K$, $p$, and $\Lambda$, shown in
the insert of Figure~\ref{rhic} for  $p_T = 8$~GeV/c at RHIC.
$\tau_{\rm form}$ for the  $\phi$ meson was evaluated with all
available momentum fraction distributions and the uncertainty,
presented in Figure~\ref{rhic} is not significant. In the
perturbative \ regime, $p_T > {\rm few}$~GeV/c light hadron production
takes place largely at times that exceed the QGP lifetime and the
observed nuclear modification is dominated by inelastic interactions
of the parent parton~\cite{Vitev:2005he}. Heavy particles, however,
tend to be produced inside the plasma and would undergo broadening
or dissociation~\cite{vitev}.  Depending on their $p_T$ range,
$K^*$, $\phi$, $\Delta$ and $\Lambda^*$  are ideally suited to prove
the early stages of the collision when the medium is hot and dense.
We finally note that in the region $\langle \tau_{\rm form} \rangle
\sim \tau_{\rm col.}  \ll \tau_0$ our formation time estimate
becomes less reliable since the separation of scales between hard
and soft physics, upon which this study is based, is violated.
Furthermore, only high momentum resonances ($p_{T}$ $>$ 2 GeV/c)
from the perturbative regime are considered, because low momentum
bulk resonances from a thermal QGP phase will be formed later and
are more likely, according to UrQMD simulation, to undergo large
rescattering in the hadronic medium.

Calculations of the formation times of the resonant states of
interest at the LHC are shown in Figure~\ref{lhc}. It is remarkable
that over a very large $p_T$ range (for $\Lambda^*$ almost to $p_T
\sim 100$~GeV/c) these hadrons can provide information for the
in-medium modification of particles in the background of hot dense
matter. Our conclusion is also facilitated by the longer lifetime of
the plasma created at the LHC. However, one has to take into account
that the plasma density and thus the resonance-parton interaction
probability will drop according to Bjorken expansion. Thus high
momentum resonances formed late in a rather dilute plasma will not
exhibit much of a medium modification. Furthermore the additional
decay time of the resonances has to be taken into account, therefore
a smaller momentum range will enrich the decays inside the dense
medium.

\section{Resonance interaction and decay in the partonic medium}

Medium modification of the resonance properties requires interaction
with the partonic medium. There are no detailed models of
parton-hadron interactions, but one can use an estimate of the
collisional wavefunction broadening for the propagating resonance,
characterized by $\Delta k_{T}^{2}$, $\Delta k_{T} = k_{\perp\, 1} - k_{\perp\, 2} $,
as has been done previously for propagating heavy mesons~\cite{vitev}. The amount
of broadening depends on the path length in the medium, the resonance formation time,
the resonance lifetime, and the time-dependent medium density. For a meson it
reads:
\begin{equation}
\Delta k_{T}^{2} = 4 \left\langle  \mu^2 \frac{L}{\lambda}  \right\rangle \xi
\propto \int_{\tau_{\rm form}}^{\tau_{\rm decay}} \alpha_s^2 \rho(z) dz  \;.
\label{broad}
\end{equation}
In Eq.~(\ref{broad})  $\mu$ sets the scale of typical momentum
transfers from the medium to a valence quark and $\xi$ simulates the
effect of the power law tails in Moliere multiple  scattering. One
notes that $\tau_{\rm decay} =( \tau_{\rm decay} )^* \gamma $
depends both on the in-medium modification of the resonance lifetime
and its momentum.

\begin{figure}[!t]
\includegraphics[width=2.7in]{zacor.eps} \\[3ex]
\includegraphics[width=3.2in]{tform1.eps}
\vspace*{.2cm}
\caption{\noindent Top panel: $P(z)$ distributions for the trigger $h^++h^-$
of $p_{T_1} = 20$~GeV/c and the associate away-side $\Delta (1232)$ of
$p_{T_2} = 4$~GeV/c in $\sqrt{s} = 5.5$~TeV  collisions at the  LHC.
Bottom panel: Formation time of $\Delta(1232)$ of momentum $p_{T_2}$,
triggered by charged hadron of momentum $p_{T_1}$, at the LHC. Results show
negligible dependence on the momentum of the leading trigger
hadron for massive correlated away-side resonances. }
\label{form3D}
\end{figure}

Given the small in-vacuum decay widths of heavy resonances,
$\Gamma(K^*) = 50.8$~MeV, $\Gamma(\phi) = 4.65$~MeV, $\Gamma(\Delta)
\approx 120$~MeV and $\Gamma(\Lambda^*) = 15.6$~MeV, in order to
observe any effect of partial chiral symmetry restoration  a
self-consistent reduction in their lifetime, related to the width
broadening, is critical. Otherwise, even if the partonic medium is
radially co-moving with velocity as large as $<\beta>_T \simeq
0.7c$~\cite{star-rad}, it is likely that high momentum resonances
with moderate in-vacuum lifetime (e.g. $K^*$, $\Lambda^*$) will have
their decay point boosted outside of the QGP. This sets the
constraint that the medium-modified lifetime of the resonance can
not exceed a few fm/c. Several models have been applied in the
past~\cite{Holt:2004tp,Filip:2001st}  to calculate the broadening of
the in-medium spectral functions  and, although these calculations
are based on interactions in a dense hadronic medium, parton-hadron
duality arguments can hopefully  allow to generalize the results to
a quark-gluon plasma. It has been argued~\cite{Holt:2004tp}, on the
example of the $\phi$ meson, that at $T=250$~MeV the shortening of its
in-vacuum lifetime can be as large as a factor of 10.

Furthermore, care should be taken in ensuring that the resonance propagates through
an extended volume of hot and dense matter. Triggering on a strongly interacting
particle biases the partonic hard scattering toward the surface of the fireball and
guarantees that the away-side resonance must traverse a
medium of larger spatial extent.  The  higher  the trigger $p_T$, the more effective
this technique is expected to be. Ideally, one needs two handles to control
$\tau_{\rm form}$ and the trigger bias. Naively, one may expect that energetic hadron
triggers that lead to sizable partonic $p^+$ will entail resonance formation outside
of the QGP, see Eq.~(\ref{tfrag}). However, the selection of an associated $p_T$
correlates the near-side and away-side momentum fractions, $p_{T_2}/p_{T_1}
\approx z_2/z_1 $. This relation is exact  to lowest order  and is  illustrated
for back-to-back particles of significantly different momenta, on the example
of their probability distributions $P(z_1)$ and $P(z_2)$,  in the top panel of
Figure~\ref{form3D}. The bottom panel of Figure~\ref{form3D} shows that for massive
hadrons, $m_h \gg \Lambda_{QCD}$, the resonance momentum  determines its formation
time independent of the trigger $p_T$.

The 10-fold broadening of the $\phi$ meson decay width in medium at
T=250~MeV, which was modeled in \cite{Holt:2004tp}, implies $\Delta
\Gamma_{th} \approx 50$~MeV. Using this thermal contribution to the
decay width as a rough guidance, one can obtain estimates for the
reduced lifetime of hadronic resonances. Subsequent accounting for
the Lorentz time dilation and the time dependence of the QGP
temperature at RHIC and LHC suggests that experimental studies
should focus on hadronic resonances below 5 GeV/c (RHIC) or 10 GeV/c
(LHC), respectively, assuming that the lifetime of the partonic
medium has to at least equal the total resonance propagation time,
including formation and decay. Due to the convolution of many
dynamical effects, a more quantitative estimate on how many of the
produced resonances will decay in the medium is near impossible at
present. For example, there is a time distribution of formation and
decay, $\propto [ 1 - \exp(-t/\tau_{\rm form, \; decay}) ]$,
suggestive that there will always be a small fraction of resonances,
affected by the medium. But as has been the case in all previous
studies, short lifetime resonances are more likely to exhibit a
larger effect. Therefore studies of the K$^{*}$ (c$\tau$ = 3.88 fm)
and $\Delta$ (c$\tau$ = 1.64 fm) will yield stronger signatures than
the $\Lambda^{*}$ (c$\tau$ = 12.6 fm) and the $\phi$ (c$\tau$ = 46.5
fm).

Finally, we address the question of dissociation of lightly bound
resonances in the partonic medium, see e.g Eq.~(\ref{broad}).
Theoretically, this may lead to very strong resonance suppression,
but experimental evidence at RHIC~\cite{1,2} has shown that although
the resonant over non-resonant particle ratios decrease in going
from proton-proton to central Au+Au collisions, the survival rate of
direct resonance production is large. It is difficult to quantify
the rate because regeneration of resonances in the hadronic phase
has also been experimentally verified \cite{1}. A semi-quantitative
analysis of direct $\phi$-production vs. $\phi$-production from $K^+
+ K^-$ coalescence has shown that for longer lived resonances the
hadronic contribution is small \cite{3}, but the relative strength
of the hadronically generated  resonance contribution changes with
lifetime and hadronic interaction probabilities \cite{4}. Recent
measurements by PHENIX in the di-lepton sector \cite{5} might be a
first indicator that resonances are indeed medium modified in the
hot partonic phase at RHIC. These results need to be evaluated in
accordance with other RHIC meaurements by STAR, though, which have
shown that cold nuclear matter effects already modify the in-vacuum
resonance properties, albeit on a small scale \cite{2,6}.

\section{An experimental method to search for chiral
symmetry restoration}

In order to experimentally verify the impact of the partonic medium
on resonance properties we need to reconstruct intermediate momentum
resonances which are produced early. This might be possible through
the selection of resonances in the away-side jet of a triggered
di-jet or $\gamma$-jet event. The trigger can be based on a
reconstructed high momentum (leading) particle or the full near-side
jet energy reconstructed in a calorimeter. Both methods lead to the
identification of a near-side jet which is less affected by the
medium due to the surface bias in the trigger. The
($\Delta\phi=\pi$) correlations with the away-side associated
particles will determine the medium modified jet. Full jet
reconstruction on the near side is preferred, because it determines
not only the exact $z$-distribution of the away-side jet fragments
but also the jet axis. However, back-to-back jet simulations based
on the reconstruction of leading trigger particles already show that
the overall $z$-distribution of the leading particle on the
near-side constrains the $z$-distribution of the associated
particles on the away-side, as shown if Figure~\ref{form3D}.

In order to study the chiral transition we propose a $\Delta\phi$
quadrant analysis(see Figure~\ref{jetresosketch}).

\begin{figure}[hbtl]
\includegraphics[width=2.9in]{jet_reso_2.eps}
 \caption{Sketch of jet fragmentation into
resonances ($\Lambda$* is taken as an example for all hadronic
resonances) in the medium created in a heavy-ion collision.
Same-side correlations of resonances are not affected by the medium,
whereas the away-side high p$_{\rm T}$ resonance might be affected
by the early-time (chirally restored) medium. Thermal resonances,
which are affected by the late-time hadronic medium are at $\pi$/2
with respect to the trigger particle.}
 \label{jetresosketch}
\end{figure}

The medium modification of resonance properties should be strongest
in the away-side ($\Delta \phi = \pi$) quadrant using reconstructed
resonances with momentum of p$_{T}$ $>$ 2 GeV/c which are correlated
to the same-side jet axis or leading particle. They are likely to be
produced early and thus will interact with the partonic medium, but
their decay products will also escape the medium sufficiently fast
to not exhibit much interaction in the late hadronic phase.

The low momentum resonances produced at an angle of $\Delta \phi =
1/2 \pi$ or $3/2 \pi$ with respect to the jet axis or leading
particle are identified as thermal resonances produced late from the
bulk matter of the collision. They do not populate the spectrum in
proton-proton collisions, as shown in Figure~\ref{jetphidist}, but
they will be a dominant source in A+A collisions. In the proposed
analysis they will be used as a reference, because they
predominantly interact in the late hadronic medium. Therefore, their
masses and widths are expected to not be altered much relative to
the vacuum, unless phase space effects from late regeneration change
the shape of the invariant mass signal.

The high p$_{\rm T}$ same-side jet resonances are also expected to
exhibit the vacuum width and mass because the initial quark is
expected to fragment outside of the medium (surface bias effect).
Therefore a differential measurement of high momentum resonances as
a function of the angle to the jet axis might have a built-in
reference system and may not require comparison to measurements in
p+p collisions, which are very statistics limited for the rare
hadronic resonance channels.

\begin{figure}[h!]
\includegraphics[width=3.5in]{delta_phi.eps}
 \caption{PYTHIA simulation of a hadron-$\Delta$ correlation in proton-proton
collisions for typical hadron trigger and associated particle
kinematics.}
 \label{jetphidist}
\end{figure}

Figure~\ref{jetphidist} shows a simulation of the $\Delta\phi$
distribution for correlations between a trigger hadron and
associated $\Delta$ resonances based on PYTHIA. The four quadrants
proposed in Figure~\ref{jetresosketch} are highlighted in the plot.
Reconstructing the invariant mass in these specific $\Delta\phi$
ranges will yield information on mass shifts, width broadening and
branching ratios. Quantitative studies of these properties as a
function of resonance momentum, emission angle, jet energy, and jet
tag, will directly address the question of chiral symmetry
restoration in collisions of heavy nuclei. Early studies of this
method have been reported recently based on a statistics limited
data set at RHIC \cite{markert2}. \\

\section{Summary and Conclusions}

The enhanced jet cross sections at the LHC  will  enable  the  heavy
ion experimentalists to carry out an in-depth triggerable intermediate-
and high-momentum resonance correlation program, which will scan the
relevant kinematic domain to look for chiral symmetry restoration
effects in hadronic resonances through the method described in this
paper. We recognize the inherent uncertainties associated with the
estimates of the formation and decay of hadrons in a highly relativistic,
possibly strongly-coupled, quark-gluon plasma at high density and
temperature, the possibility that resonances can be dissociated in the
medium, and the finite probability that even at intermediate and high
momentum hadronic rescattering of their decay products might mimic
QGP effects. Nevertheless, this is the most complete study to date which
uses theoretical input to guide the experimental searches for the
chiral transition in QCD in conjunction with the deconfinement phase
transition, one of the original drivers of the heavy ion programs at
SPS, RHIC and the LHC. Based on our results, we  anticipate that this
method can yield a definitive measurement of the modification (or
lack thereof) of the properties of hadronic resonances in the QGP.
The fact that our proposed technique has a built-in reference by
simply analyzing off-axis low momentum resonances in the same event
makes it even more attractive experimentally.

\begin{acknowledgments}
We thank B.W. Zhang, H. Huang and C. Greiner for useful discussions.
This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy  Office of
Science under contracts No. DE-AC52-06NA25396, DE-FG02-94ER40845,
and DE-FG02-92FR40713.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Volos: he was not a vaccine denier, he was just afraid
An unvaccinated patient died in Volos, who flatly refused intubation. Relatives call it suicide.
A resident of Volos with a positive test for coronavirus was in the Achillopuleio hospital in a critical condition. Doctors explained to a 55-year-old patient that he needed intubation, but the patient wrote a written waiver of it. Relatives say:
"He signed for his death. We did our best, but he was unshakable. You can say that this is suicide. "
The patient passed away, and relatives are trying to understand why this happened. One relative says:
"He didn't want to be intubated. He didn't want to go to the hospital, he didn't get vaccinated, he fell into a coma when my husband found him and moved him. had to be intubated, but he refused. He signed a ban on intubation. He signed to die. "
Close relatives tried in every way to persuade him, but this turned out to be impossible:
"He didn't want to, no, no, we begged him to do it for us, for his brothers, for his nieces. We sent him a message, that is, a last effort to get him to do this for us, a last favor, to do us a favor, to be intubated, and he rejected it too. We did our best, he was unshakable. He signed a paper stating that he does not want to participate in the intubation process, and the prosecutor's office cannot interfere. Because in the beginning, when the doctors called us, they said that he was refusing to be intubated, and if we ask the prosecutor to intervene, he will be intubated. But he himself signed a paper refusal, and the prosecutor's office in this case cannot do anything. "
Disconsolate relatives say that he was not a vaccine denier:
"He didn't deny the virus, he was just afraid. He was always afraid of the side effects he heard about. He knew that the virus existed and was afraid of getting infected. But he was also afraid to get a vaccine, fearing side effects. And he was afraid of intubation. Social media, these groups, YouTube, they did a lot of damage, they all became "doctors" because of this. "
A relative of a 55-year-old man recalls how it all began:
"He ate a healthy diet, did not smoke or drink alcohol. On the first day he tested positive, he had a fever. He took it wrong, he took antibiotics, he did everything wrong from the beginning. The doctors said that he should go to the hospital, the pulmonologist said that he needed to go to the hospital. But he didn't go. "
The death of a 55-year-old man caused shock among the residents of the city, and loved ones remain inconsolable after such a turn of events.
hair, refused intubation, unvaccinated
Camels on Madrid avenues
What is he, the opponent of vaccination – the results of the study

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Tesla Model 3 Glass Roof Saves Young Occupants' Lives Heading to Their Wedding, Hit by Fallen Tree
Tesla Tesla Model 3
Tesla cars are constantly saving lives and the Model 3 has once again proven its high level of safety. The Tesla Model 3's sturdy glass roof and body frame saved the lives of young people heading to their wedding, after a large section of a tree fell directly onto the vehicle.
On December 15, Sam Fursey/YouTube shared a horrific video. The footage captured a huge and heavy branch of a tree falling on the glass roof of the car, endangering the lives of all passengers. Sam said that the large section of an old tree fell right onto the roof of his Tesla Model 3, in which they were driving along the road at that moment. In addition to the driver, there was his best friend and his fiancé in the car, whom Sam drove to their wedding ceremony. The footage was taken by the dash cam of the car behind them, driven by one of the bridesmaids. The lives of all three young people were at risk due to this incident. But, fortunately for them, they were in Tesla Model 3, which brilliantly protected them.
"Large section of an old tree fell directly on my car, right above the driver's seat. I was driving my best friend and his fiancé to their wedding. The footage is from the dash cam of the car behind us, driven by one of the bridesmaids. We all walked away...thank you higher powers, and Tesla engineers."
WATCH: 2,000lb tree falls on @Tesla Model 3 in Ontario in high winds this week. All occupants okay. Teslas continue to be rated the safest cars on the road. @elonmusk $TSLA @WholeMarsBlog @DriveTeslaca
Credit Sam Fursey: https://t.co/85PASnUFI7 pic.twitter.com/mYMDeqvyFb
— Gary Mark • Blue Sky Kites (@blueskykites) December 16, 2021
All Tesla vehicles are designed with safety as the top priority. Thanks to this, all cars of the company top all kinds of safety ratings, reaching the highest marks in their groups. One of the important factors in Tesla's stellar safety rating is the roof of the car. Despite being made of glass, it is much more durable than the roofs of other cars traditionally made of metal.
While the metal panel that forms the roof of a legacy car is usually the thinnest and least rigid sheet metal on a vehicle and provides little protection in the event of damage through the roof, roofs of Tesla cars, are made of double a layer of tempered glass laminated with a thermoplastic. It is much stiffer than any thin sheet metal roof. To gauge the real strength of a Model 3 roof, just keep in mind that it can support the weight of two full-grown African elephants. Although the glass can shatter during a hard impact, the plastic holds all the pieces together, preventing them from shattering into the cabin. This is what saved the lives of Sam and his friends and for which they are immensely grateful to Tesla's engineering team.


This episode we have a conversation with the delightful Andrew Keast. Andrew is a man we've known for a very short amount of time, but he is already a good friend to the Flow Artists Team. He is open, curious and powerfully introspective. In this conversation we talk about jnana yoga - the yoga of wisdom or knowledge, and how it's skillful use raises issues of identity, self esteem and finding your place in the world - themes that have already come up in this podcast many times.
We also discuss Andrew's background and about how living with an open and receptive heart can lead to a vocation that is truly in alignment with your core values. Finally, we discuss his current role of "Storyteller" with Refugee Talent. In this role Andrew works to help refugees find employment, and we learn how the situations these people are facing can have devastating effects on their own identities.


text:
Alaska Mega Machines Season 3: update Details, Plot, and Cast
January 23, 2020 by OtakuKart Staff
An American documentary series, Alaska Mega Machines, is an educational yet inspirational show which is telecasted on Science Channel. The show centers around one of the biggest machines on Earth in the State of Alaska. Alaska is known for its inspirational landscapes, but an equally rugged topography is making life almost impossible out there. But amazing machines and dedicated men help Alaska running in freezing temperatures.
The show tries to portray how these enormous machines are engineered. The lead character of the show explores every corner of Alaska and discovers some most robust machines on the planet.
The show has completed two successful seasons and has been able to establish a class of passionate followers.
What is Alaska Mega Machines Season 3 Plot?
The show focuses on gigantic machines and equipment, which thrives, especially in extreme weather conditions. The lead character of the show travels more than 20,000 miles to film struggles of people living in Alaska to portray how these machines and people are struggling hard to keep Alaska sustainable during brutal winters. He also travels to other cities like Fairbanks and Anchorage.
In Season 1, we are able to see an active North American ship built, which will withstand strong tsunami waves. We have also witnessed the making of machines which will combat strong wind turbines in Alaska.
Season 2 features Ice Beasts, Giants of the Bush, Ice Road Goliath, and many such unparalleled innovations. Season 3 is likely to feature more fascinating machines and gruesome struggles of some of the most motivated citizens of the planet.
Who is Alaska Mega Machines Season 3 Cast?
The main cast of the series is Micheal Churton. Other casts of the season have not been known as of now. As and when more details about the cast crew are known, we will let you know.
When is Alaska Mega Machines Season 3 update?
There is no news about the renewal of the series as of now. However, the current popularity of the series may induce the creators to renew the series for Season 3. If reprise does take place, we may see Season 3 coming our way in early 2020. We will keep you posted with the latest developments.
Categories Entertainment Post navigation
Haikyuu Season 4 Episode 3: update, Streaming, update And Preview
Kipo and the Age of Wonderbeasts Season 2: Plot, Cast and update Details


that the individual would prefer to avoid them altogether.
getting a bigger shock right away to waiting for a smaller shock later.
does strange things to decision-making.
It means avoiding people who are overly pessimistic about the economy.


text:
Europe cheers super-sized stimulus plan, U.S.-China tensions simmer
Reuters | May 28, 2020
Marc Jones
LONDON (Reuters) - European shares rose for the fourth straight session on Thursday and the euro perched at a two-month high, as businesses returning to work and a 750 billion euro EU stimulus plan outweighed rising U.S.-China tensions.
Asian markets had been subdued overnight after U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo had warned Hong Kong no longer warranted special treatment under U.S. law, but there was no stopping Europe.
Traders diving back into the markets after Wednesday's EU plan to prop up the bloc's coronavirus-hit economies pushed the region-wide STOXX 600 index up 1% to its highest since early March.
The euro enjoyed the view at $1.1016, having risen to a two-month high. It also held at the near three-month high it had hit versus the neighbouring Swiss franc the previous day, while the dollar was largely quiet.
Euro zone bond yields were relatively stable too, with Italian borrowing costs - a key European confidence indicator - holding near eight-week lows and safe-haven German Bunds seeing another small sell-off.
"With the release now of the European Commission's plan for COVID recovery, we see there being room for further positivity in Eurozone risk assets, even while the global sentiment is buffeted by China-related tensions," Mizuho analysts told clients.
"This feeds directly into our expectations for European risk assets to outperform, which will be further helped by a likely expansion of ECB QE next week."
Overnight, MSCI's broadest index of Asia-Pacific shares outside Japan had ended flat, having been in positive territory earlier in the day.
Shares in Hong Kong skidded as much 1.75% before ending down a 0.7% as Chinese shares managed to close positive. [.SS]. Japan's Nikkei had jumped 2.3% though U.S. stock futures lost momentum in Europe to trade only 0.1% higher.
The biggest risk to equities now looks to be the Sino-U.S. relationship, which is likely to worsen after Pompeo had said on Wednesday that China's plan to impose new security laws in Hong Kong were "only the latest in a series of actions that fundamentally undermine" the city's autonomy.
"All eyes remain on the U.S.-China relationship," said Chris Weston, the head of research at Pepperstone, a currency broker. "This is a risk for markets... One questions if the equity markets are too complacent here."
A punitive U.S. response to China on the issue of Hong Kong could result in a tit-for-tat reaction from Beijing, further straining ties between the world's two biggest economies and hobbling global growth.
President Donald Trump has said he will announce a response to China's policies towards Hong Kong later this week.
Yields on 10-year U.S. Treasuries rose slightly to 0.6966%. Although they are up from an all-time low of 0.4980% struck in March, they are still a whopping 120 basis points below highs seen in January.
China's yuan meanwhile was near a record low of 7.1966 per dollar in international markets due to uncertainty over Hong Kong. In 'onshore' trade too, it was nearly at its weakest since the height of the U.S.-China trade war last September.
Commodity markets groaned. U.S. crude futures fell 3.2% to $31.76 a barrel, while Brent crude fell 1.73% to $34.14 per barrel as investors fretted about Trump's response to China.
Additional reporting by Stanley White in Tokyo and Yoruk Bahceli in London; Editing by Nick Macfie
Our Standards:The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-markets/europe-cheers-super-sized-stimulus-plan-u-s-china-tensions-simmer-idUSKBN2333FB


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text:
Q: 'and what are the (...)' I come across this sentence structure quite a lot, and every time again I wonder if it is actually grammatically correct. Example:

In general, we know why groups mobilize in the EU, what strategies they tend to employ in the EU institutional setting, and what are their major points of access in the EU multilevel system and at the EU-level.

Is it exactly equivalent to and what their (...) are?
When to use which?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


WASHINGTON, D.C. — President-elect Donald Trump unveiled part of his leadership team in his first steps toward the White House since his November 8 win over Democrat Hillary Clinton. Trump tapped Reince Preibus and firebrand Stephen Bannon as his chief counselor and the White House's chief strategist. The choice of Priebus, the former National Republican Committee chairman, was seen as a signal of Trump's willingness to work with Congress after he takes office on Jan. 20. But critics blasted the selection of Bannon, who led the Breitbart News website. "There should be no sugarcoating the truth here: Donald Trump just invited a white nationalist into the highest reaches of the government," said Democratic Senator Jeff Merkley, who called on Trump to rescind the choice.Priebus defended Bannon on Monday, calling him a wise and well-educated former naval officer and saying he had not encountered the sort of extremist or racist views that critics are assailing. "He was a force for good on the campaign," Priebus said on Fox News, adding they were in agreement on "almost everything" in terms of advising the president-elect.Some Trump backers, counting on the wealthy real estate developer to "drain the swamp" of Washington business-as-usual, quietly expressed surprise that he named Priebus as chief of staff, a position that serves as gatekeeper and agenda-setter for the president. Throughout his career Trump has said he often pits competing staff factions against each other to get a wide range of views. The early stages of his unorthodox presidential campaign were marked by frequent clashes between Paul Manafort, an experienced political insider, and brash manager Corey Lewandowski. Both eventually resigned. Trump said in his statement Priebus and Bannon were "highly qualified leaders" who had helped him win the White House race. Priebus is a longtime Wisconsin political operative who was credited with marshaling party resources for Trump's White House bid. Bannon, a former Goldman Sachs banker, over the past year led Breitbart News in a charge against the Republican Party establishment, including Priebus' friend Paul Ryan, the speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. 'DON'T BE AFRAID'In an interview with CBS' 60 minutes, Trump sought to play down the divisive nature of his candidacy and said Americans alarmed by his election had nothing to fear. "Don't be afraid. We are going to bring our country back. But certainly, don't be afraid," he said.Also in the interview, Trump said he would move to deport up to 3 million immigrants who are in the country illegally and have criminal records.The interview came as protesters marched in the streets, some demonstrations turning to riots, for the fifth straight night. A TRUMP CABINETThe president-elect and his transition team are also working on picking members of his Cabinet and the heads of federal agencies.Among those reported to be under consideration for top posts are former U.S. House Speaker Newt Gingrich, as a possible secretary of state or secretary of health and human services; Stephen Hadley, former national security adviser under President George W. Bush, as a possible defense secretary; former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani as attorney general; and former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin as interior secretary.


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text:
Form 700 Search
Enforcement Case Resolutions
Advice Letter Search
Commission Opinion Search
Form 700 Search Local Statements
Search for a Form 700 Filed After September 1, 2016
Search for a Form 700 Filed Prior to September 1, 2016
Form 802 (Agency Report of Ceremonial Role Events & Ticket Distributions) Search
Every elected official and public employee who makes or influences governmental decisions is required to submit a Statement of Economic Interests, also known as the Form 700. The Form 700 provides transparency and ensures accountability in two ways:
It provides necessary information to the public about an official's personal financial interests to ensure that officials are making decisions in the best interest of the public and not enhancing their personal finances.
It serves as a reminder to the public official of potential conflicts of interest so the official can abstain from making or participating in governmental decisions that are deemed conflicts of interest.
The Commission is required to post on its website all statements of economic interests required to be filed with the Commission on or after January 1, 2010, by elected officers in their elected capacity.


Sanborn Map overview of the Rock Hill Buggy Company once standing between North Wilson and Laurel streets.
Overview of the Rock Hill Buggy Company – Unknown date but presumed ca. early 20th century.
John Gary Anderson in 1898. iN 1926, Mr. J.G. Anderson corresponded with his friend and MD, Dr. W.W. Wallace giving him the following advice, "don't get hot in the collar."
1919 vintage Anderson car on display in Rock Hill, S.C.
1905 – Sanborn Map diagram of the buggy company.
View of the Bleachery showing the location of the original Anderson Motor Company – Courtesy of the RHED Corporation.
Early view of the Anderson Auto Factory – Date unknown.
owed its origin, as well as its success, to one man, was the Rock Hill Buggy Company, out of which the Anderson Motor Company grew. It started as a small shop on a side street and grew to be a large automobile manufacturing concern-the first of its kind in the South-turning out 25 cars a day. The story of its origin and the struggles of its founder, John Gary Anderson, is an American saga. John Gary Anderson, the founder and owner, was of the generation and school of Henry Ford and other pioneers in the automobile industry. In many respects, he was not unlike them. He was of that type of Americans who with energy, mechanical genius, and inherent business ability have made our country the greatest industrial nation on earth. His story is a typical American success story. With better luck, John Gary Anderson would have made Rock Hill the Detroit of the South. That he failed to do so was through no want of vision or effort on his part. To read the story of his struggles is to realize that he had an element of greatness in him if not genius.
Ten years after Anderson went into business for himself he was operating the Holler and Anderson Buggy Company with his father-in-law, A. D. Holler, and his brother-in-law, A. E. Holler. The first shop occupied the rear of A. D. Holler's furniture store on Caldwell Street. It was chartered in 1886 and organized in 1889 with a capital of $8,000. Its first stockholders were A. D. Holler, J. G. Anderson, A. E. Holler, David Hutchison, W. L. Roddey, W. J. Roddey, Rev. James Spratt White, A. H. White, Miss Mary White, J. H. Miller, and J. M. Cherry.
It was the day of the horse and buggy. The pride and care now given to automobiles was then put upon horses, buggies, and carriages.
The Herald reported Nov. 12, 1890 – "Mrsrs A.D. Holler, W.J. Roddey, J.G. Anderson and A.E. Holler have applied for a charter for the Holler and Anderson Buggy Company with the Sec. of State.
On Feb. 19, 1896 an ad was run for the Rock Hill Buggy Co., stating they have become agents for Royster Bicycles.
The Fort Mill Times reported on April 14, 1910 – "The first S.C. built automobile was seen on the streets of Fort Mill Saturday afternoon. The automobile, a "Rock Hill 30," was the output of the Rock Hill Buggy Company, which recently began the manufacture of "gasoline buggies". It is said to be one of the biggest and handsomest cars in the country.
Sometimes a family's social and economic standing could be gauged by the kind of horse they owned or the carriage they used. There were several livery stables in town where those who did not own equipages could hire them; but every family of means owned at least one horse. Those of larger means kept several. Some were trained as riding horses, others were especially trained for buggies or carriages. Large stables stood in the rear of each house to accommodate the horses and the carriages. They were usually divided into two sections, one where the horse, or horses, were stalled, the other to store the carriage. Practically all these old stables and carriage houses have disappeared or been converted into garages, but in grandfather's day they were as essential as the main dwelling. The livery stable offered convenient services for those who for various reasons did not own their own vehicles and horses.
Anderson made four-wheeled vehicles of practically every type. There were wagons-farm wagons and delivery wagons. There were buggies, buggies with open tops, plain surreys, hacks, phaetons, gigs, surreys with fringed tops that were lovely and substantial things, with their shiny black paint, red and yellow trim, and fine upholstery. Every part was made in Rock Hill except the wheels, and from 1905 to 1912, the Anderson Buggy Company set a record in which a complete buggy was built, painted, trimmed, packed, and shipped every twenty-five minutes of every working day during all those years. This concern not only brought new money into the town and employed large numbers of men, but it also let the world know that in South Carolina there was a lively little town called Rock Hill.
With the invention of the automobile, the carriage trade dwindled and motor cars gradually began to appear on the streets and highways, replacing buggies and wagons. W. L. Roddey owned the first automobile in town. By the end of World War I, the buggy business, on a large scale, was at an end. The coming of the automobile would revolutionize Anderson's business even as it would revolutionize almost every area of American life. Some manufacturers, without vision and without courage, refused to see what was happening and continued as they had always done. But Anderson and his colleagues accepted the fact that "the horseless carriage" had come to stay. During World War I the company made trucks and trailers for the United States Government, while plans were being formulated to convert the buggy factory on Laurel Street into an automobile factory.
John G. Anderson's son, J. Wesley Anderson, who had gone into business with his father when he was only nineteen, had been general manager of the business for several years and was largely responsible for the details in converting the business from buggies to motor cars. He also helped build and design the first automobile made by The Anderson Motor Company, as the firm was now called. By 1916, the service of Joseph A. Anglada, an automobile engineer of New York, had been secured and six cars designed, built, and tested. The Anderson Motor Company was organized with a capital stock of $1,500,000, and in 1916 the following men were serving as officers and directors : John G. Anderson, president; J. W. Anderson, vice-president and general manager; Joseph A. Anglada, chief engineer; C. J. Henry, secretary and treasurer; C. W. Roberts, advertising manager; C. D. Mainer, factory manager;W. A. Anderson, sales manager; J. W. Sealey, purchasing agent; and Hiram Hutchison, stock department.
The Anderson cars instantly won public approval and the business grew tremendously. As in the days of the large demand for the Anderson buggies, so now it was necessary to add materially to the plant. A large steel building was erected across Laurel Street and a smaller V-shaped building at the rear of the old buggy factory. The whole plant covered almost ten acres and was one of the points of interest pointed out to visitors in town. Once during the development of this business, J. B. Duke was so impressed with its success that he offered to go in with the company on condition that the plant be moved to Charlotte, but the Andersons, with a love for and a faith in their native city, decided to stay in Rock Hill.
The peak of success for this motor company was reached in 1920. At that time, about thirty-five automobiles a day were coming from the plant and dealers in all the larger cities in the United States were selling them as fast as they could be produced. The company was also being represented by agents in foreign countries, where the Anderson was as well known as some of the other famous early automobiles.
In 1922 the Anderson Light Aluminum-6 was put on the market, and in one single day an order for 5,000 was received. The total sales value of this order was $5,000,000. This was the climax, for when the boom burst, following World War I, The Anderson Motor Company was one of the casualties. It was one of many automobile manufacturing companies that went down at that time. Its operation ceased in 1924, but it left a two-million-dollar plant and property that proved to be the trump card when the city of Rock Hill was trying to induce the Rock Hill Printing and Finishing Company to locate here. As a result of having a plant already built, The Bleachery came, and for twenty-five years now has given employment to innumerable men and women, thereby increasing the prosperity of the city.
Advertisement from the 1938 Rock Hill Bearcat Annual promoting the business owned by John Wesley Anderson.
The Rock Hill Journal on June 12, 1901 – "J.B. Martin of Hickory Grove, S.C. has the contract for moving two houses on Wilson Street across the street and remodeling them and also for two new five room cottages on Wilson Street." J.G. Anderson and J.M. Cherry are making these improvements.
Photo contribution by James Winchester – 2016 – See R&R entry at #227 Oakland Avenue.
The Herald reported on the same day, "Claude Simpson had the index finger of the right hand badly lacerated in machinery at the buggy company one day last week and is still carrying his arm in a sling.
The Herald reported on July 28, 1919 – "That the Anderson Motor Company has purchased two acres opposite the existing plant on Laurel Street so they can erect an additional factory building. Anderson plans a reinforced concrete and steel building to house the painting, upholstery and finishing departments. Also, a section by the railroad will be the shipping room so they can load finished autos directly on the railroad. The probable contractor is Austin Construction of Cleveland, they built the just completedbuilding. When completed Anderson will have eight acres under roof. Located on the land to be purchased are nine houses which will be sold and moved. The sellers include: Mrs. Sally Long, James I. Allen, E.S. Wallace, E.B. Hough, J.M. Stewart, Jones Motor Company, J.W. O'Neal of the Citizens Bank, George H. Harrill, and Spencer Coke.
By 1923 John Gary Anderson's Anderson Motor Company in Rock Hill had the process of manufacturing and assembling fine cars down to an art. It started in the woods where Anderson's sawmill crews cut the trees, mostly oak, which would provide the "Coachbilt" body. Anderson owned a small logging railroad to bring the wood into Rock Hill to be turned with lathes following patterns designed for particular parts of the car's body. The pieces were put together with screws. The wooden frames were given a rigorous inspection and if passed they went on to the next phase of the assembly line. At the next step aluminum panels were cut by a special machine and then carefully hammered into shape by an electric hammer. The metal was twenty-two thousandths of an inch thick. The panels were then bent to follow the wooden framework. The seams were hand- welded and the metal hand-rubbed with pumice stone until it was smooth. The paint shop was next. Six coats of paint went on the chassis, two on the engine, and sixteen coats went on the body. The paint was baked on in a kiln set at one hundred and fifteen degrees. When dry, the body was then taken along the chassis assembly aisle way to the "trimming room." In the trimming room, seats, upholstery, curtains, and tops were added. The seats and upholstery were made of a leather composition material. The upholstery varied. For some models the upholstery was cowhide purchased from a factory in the West, in others velvet corduroy, and in the ultra-sport model, moleskin was used.
In groups of six, the automobiles were assembled step by step as they proceeded down the long aisle. Finally, the body was suspended and dropped down on to the chassis. It took two weeks to complete a car. The last thing added was a tank of gasoline. Mr. Anderson sold the gas at cost. The Anderson car was built in the building that Anderson had built originally to make buggies. The Rock Hill Buggy Company had furnished most of the capital for the Anderson Motor Car Company. At the present time the building on West White Street is the main area of the Rock Hill Printing and Finishing Co., a subsidiary of Springs Industries. Four Anderson cars were on display at the "Made-in Carolinas Exposition" in Charlotte in 1922. Anderson had the only car company in the southern states and this helped to attract crowds to the exhibit but the cars were handsome enough to attract crowds in Detroit. The cars displayed in Charlotte were the coach, the five-passenger touring car, the 30-series speedster, also called the big six, and the ultra-sport model. The coach was painted Packard blue and had a "tent-folding" front seat. The interior was blue velvet corduroy. A steel running board, extra large doors and a luggage trunk ran the price up to $1950 f.o.b. Rock Hill. The five passenger touring car with leather upholstery and a 6-volt 50 hp engine was similar in appearance to the coach except that it had no luggage trunk. It was priced at $1495 f.o.b. Rock Hill.
The Naples yellow speedster was described as "natty" and displayed on a revolving table. The 66 2/3 horsepower car had six wire wheels, leather upholstery, natural wood doors, and nickeled top trim. The f.o.b. price was $1785.
The ultra sport model was similar to the speedster except that it had bumpers in the front and rear. It also had the newly patented foot dimmer invented by Anderson Motor Company's chief design engineer, C. A. Deas. The price of the ultra sport model in moleskin was $1945 f.o.b. Rock Hill.
Thank you for publishing this important information. I am looking for the Adlai Holler photo that has the name of the photographer or company that made the photo. The photo has Adlai in his Confederate uniform and was taken about 1861 or 1862 – 63.


text:
Q: CGPointEqualToPoint not working I am making an app in which I want to have some thing happen If an image moves over another point.  such as
first I have an image moving horizontally across the screen,'
self.ball.center = CGPointMake(self.ball.center.x + self.gravity.x / 8.0 * 200.0, 9);

then when it gets to a certain place another image moves down from that spot.
CGPoint a = CGPointMake(9, 9);
if (CGPointEqualToPoint(ball.center,a)) {

                balla.hidden = NO;
                self.balla.center = CGPointMake(self.balla.center.x , (self.balla.center.y)- (self.gravity.y / 8.0 * 200.0));
            }

the first time it works ok but when I put in the next statement to move another image down from another spot nothing happens.
CGPoint b = CGPointMake(86, 9);
            if (CGPointEqualToPoint(ball.center,b)) {

                ball2a.hidden = NO;
                self.ball2a.center = CGPointMake(self.ball2a.center.x , (self.ball2a.center.y)- (self.gravity.y / 8.0 * 200.0));}

Any ideas as to why this isn't working

A: If you're moving the ball by adding some floating-point value offset, you might be "skipping over" the point b - you may never hit b, but rather appear slightly before it and then slightly after it.
Rather than testing if you're "equal" to the point, you could be better off comparing the distance between the ball and the point and seeing if it is inside some small radius. A simple euclidean distance could work.
CGFloat euclid_dist(CGPoint a, CGPoint b)
{
    return sqrt((b.x-a.x)*(b.x-a.x) + (b.y-a.y)*(b.y-a.y));
}

You could then use this to see if you've "hit" the point:
if (euclid_dist(ball.center, b) < 0.1)
{
    // React appropriately
}

In general it's problematic to test for equality between floating point numbers.


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Summerville, S.C. –SCRA announces a successful pilot year for the SC Launch Acceleration Grant program. The pilot year for Acceleration Grants was announced in November 2016 and kicked off in January 2017. Throughout the year, ten companies have received an Acceleration Grant from SCRA's entrepreneurial program, SC Launch.


My orchidarium and some of the orchids I've bloomed.
Paphiopedilum sukhakulii is a species from Thailand. It is a small plant but has large and dramatic flowers. My plant almost always blooms with two flowers per stem, rather than just one. The flowers are 10-13 cm across. Not only are the flowers beautiful, however, but the plant is too, with beautifully patterned fans of leaves as can be seen in some of the photos.
Dendrobium leucocyanum is a miniature species from high altitude montane forests in New Guinea. It is cool to cold growing and produced clusters of pale blue flowers in late winter. The flowers are 0.4cm long and do not open very widely. The pseudobulbs with their leaves are 2-3cm tall. The plant blooms on the older leafless pseudobulbs. This is the second time I've had it bloom but this time with only two flowers. I may have to try slightly lower light.
This plant is tiny! The rosette of leaves, which is itself rather unusual, is only 4 cm across and the tiny flowers are 5 mm long. The flowers bloom three or four to a spike and bloom successively in the spring. The species is from Argentina and Brazil and is named after a famous naturalist and orchid collector, Charles H. Lankester.
Porroglossum is a genus of miniature orchids all of which have spring-loaded moveable, insect-trapping lips. When the flower is disturbed by a visiting insect, the lip springs up trapping the insect against the column and hopefully effecting pollination. The genus is related to Masdevallia and includes about 50 species.
In these photos the flowers all have their insect-trapping lips in the open position, except for the flower in the last photo. The plant is difficult to photograph with the lips open because the slightest disturbance cause the lips to snap shot. The flowers are 1.5 cm on 6-8 flower spikes on a 3 cm plant.
This small plant is Porroglossum tripollex from Ecuador. I have two of these, one with brown "tails" and this with yellow. The flower looks to me like a bird's beak, but tripollex means "three thumbs," a resemblance I do not see. It is cool to cold growing and comes from montane forests.
Dendrobium hasseltii is a variable species both in plant size and flower color. My plant is very small, only 8 cm, and the 2 cm flowers have very good color. I've found the plant difficult to bloom and this is only the second flower I've had on it. It requires cool to cold temperatures and I am providing that, but learned recently that it likes to be dried out a bit in the winter, so I'll have to do that and see if it produces more flowers then.
Trisetella regia is, relatively speaking, the giant of the genus, and well-named regia or "regal." Most of the plants in the genus are tiny, only a few centimeters tall, with small flowers (1.5-2 cm) on short flower spikes. This species is 7 cm tall with long 20 cm flower spikes and 4 cm flowers. The flowers are typical in shape and color for the genus and have the long "tails" for which the genus is named. Their obvious resemblance to Masdevallias had them classified as Masdevallias at one time.
Sometimes referred to as the "Brain Pouch Paphiopedilum" for obvious reasons, the Slipper Orchid is from Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India and Nepal. It is also desirable for its beautiful foliage, a rather uncommon feature in orchids. The flowers are not large but it is easy to grow and blooms faithfully on every new growth. My plant is grown on a windowsill in moderate light and in a bark mix.


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text:
Dmitry Kleinbock Receives Dean's Mentoring Award
Home / News & Events / Dmitry Kleinbock Receives Dean's Mentoring Award
Photo Credit: Mike Lovett
Simon Goodacre | Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Dmitry Kleinbock has received the 2019 Dean's Mentoring Award. He is the first professor of mathematics to win the award.
The Dean's Mentoring Award provides students at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) an opportunity to nominate outstanding faculty members who have impacted their education inside and outside the classroom. It is presented with a check for $2,500 every year at the April faculty meeting by the Dean of Arts and Sciences.
The students who nominated Kleinbock repeatedly noted his willingness to meet with students in spite of the academic and administrative burdens he has taken on in recent years. They agreed that it is unusual for a mathematician at his level to be so generous with his time. Many nominators also highlighted his research and academic abilities as motivational factors in their own work and described him as a professional role model.
"Helping to select a recipient for the Dean's Mentoring Award is one of my favorite aspects of my job," says Eric Chasalow, Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. "I am grateful that we are able to celebrate the world class pedagogy available to Brandeis students, and I am delighted that Dmitry has received this award. His nominators were all very enthusiastic and several credited him with keeping their work on track throughout their graduate education."
Kleinbock, who has been a professor at Brandeis since 2000, says he is "deeply honored" to receive this award, which was "totally unexpected." He is "grateful to current and former students who took time and effort" to nominate him. He credited his own PhD advisor with showing him how to provide support to students: "In math, a significant part of success of a student comes from the advisor's intuition. The goal is to pick a problem which is not impossible to solve, and yet not too simplistic, so that it could open new directions and motivate a student to explore further. In my graduate years, I was incredibly lucky to get an advisor (Gregory Margulis at Yale) with an amazing intuition, plus always deeply caring for me and other students and giving them all the time they needed. I am thankful to him for showing me the way and setting a standard which I was not able to even come close to." Kleinbock went on to say that he has been "happy to learn from my more experienced colleagues" at Brandeis while working with graduate students, "so I'd like to use this occasion to thank them for their guidance."
When we asked Kleinbock for a few tips for successful mentoring, he said: "Give the students enough space for creativity; don't guide their every step. Yet, at the same time, stay tuned to their progress and use every opportunity to suggest a new question to get curious about. Don't get focused on a narrow direction – advise students to broaden their math education to be prepared to unexpected further challenges. And don't give them false hopes – staying in academia assumes hard work and dedication. But it can also bring fun and excitement and, borrowing a quote from a recent Fields medalist Manjul Bhargava, sets a scientist on a pursuit of beauty, which is the utmost reward in our profession."


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text:
A. Grinstein
dr., Associate Professor of Marketing
School of Business and Economics, Marketing
Emaila.grinstein@vu.nl
Amir Grinstein is an Associate Professor of Marketing at the VU (since 2012) and Northeastern University (since 2015). He obtained a PhD in marketing from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and a post-doctorate from Harvard Business School. For more information, visit his personal page: https://sites.google.com/site/amirgrinsteinshomepage/. Click here for his TedX presentation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWT8FoAka3c.
Amir's research interests are focused on two core issues: (1) the interface between marketing and society/public policy, especially various social and environmental contexts such as the enhancement of "green", healthy or other socially-desirable behaviors and the effectiveness of demarketing; (2) marketing strategy, including the study of strategic orientations and international marketing topics.
Pro-social marketing
Demarketing
Amir has experience in teaching International Marketing, Marketing Strategy, and Introduction to Marketing at both the undergraduate and the graduate level.
$1,200 TCR seed-money grant: "Tapping into our competitive nature: How gamification increases sustainable behavior" (with Arianne van der Wal and Femke van Horen), 2014
$1,000 TCR seed-money grant: "To Eat or Not to Eat? Consumption Goal Setting in Promoting Better Food Choice Under Conflicting Information" (With Liad Bareket), 2014
EMAC's 2013 Susan P. Douglas award for the conference best paper on international marketing: "Local or Global Warming? Cosmopolitan Orientation and Environmental Behavior" (with Petra Riefler), 2013
Carbon Footprint Medicine & Life Sciences
Behavioral Economics Medicine & Life Sciences
Innovation Engineering & Materials Science
Research Medicine & Life Sciences
Biomedical Research Medicine & Life Sciences
Counseling Medicine & Life Sciences
Sustainable development Engineering & Materials Science
Gasoline Medicine & Life Sciences
1 PhD Thesis - Research VU, graduation VU
Does Sparing the Rod Spoil the Child? How Praising, Scolding, and Assertiveness can Encourage Desired Behaviors
Grinstein, A. & Kronrod, A., 2016, In : JMR. Journal of Marketing Research. 53, 3, p. 433-441
Laboratory experiments
Citizens of the (Green) World? Cosmopolitan Orientation and Sustainability
Grinstein, A. & Riefler, P., 2015, In : Journal of International Business Studies. 46, 6, p. 694-714
Go Green! Should Environmental Messages be so Assertive?
Kronrod, A., Grinstein, A. & Wathieu, L., 2012, In : Journal of Marketing. 76, 1, p. 95-102
Demarketing, minorities, and national attachment
Grinstein, A. & Nisan, U., Mar 2009, In : Journal of Marketing. 73, 2, p. 105-122 18 p.
Social identity
Aesthetically (Dis)Pleasing Visuals: A Dual Pathway to Empathy and Prosocial Behavior
Grinstein, A., Hagtvedt, H. & Kronrod, A., 28 Sep 2018, In : International Journal of Research in Marketing. p. 1-17 17 p.
Journal of International Marketing (Journal)
A. Grinstein (Reviewer)
Activity: Peer review and Editorial work › Editorial work › Academic
Journal of Marketing (Journal)
A. Grinstein (Member of editorial board)
European Journal of Marketing (Journal)
2014 → 2015
View all 7 activities
'The Socially Responsible CMO' Project
Peren Ozturan-Sabahat (Recipient) & A. Grinstein (Recipient), 2016
Prize › Academic
Transformative Research Seeding Grant
Femke van Horen (Recipient), A. Grinstein (Recipient) & A.J. van der Wal (Recipient), 2014
http://blogs.nature.com/naturejobs/2017/09/13/broken- dreams/
1 media contribution


It's a sticky topic, birth.
People have different motivations for choosing the kinds of birth they aspire to. Some aspire to have painless, predictable births. Others to simply have a living baby and mother at the end of the birth. Some aspire to have the birth Nature intended for them, whatever that might end up looking like.
Problems arise when people start pushing one another to have the birth they themselves are motivated to have without fully ensuring the other people has the same understanding and motivation as themself. This goes equally for medical and natural frameworks.
Another problem arises when the information provided is misleading, or misguided.
A lot of motivation for free birthing stems from wanting to get back to nature. To trust nature and the process of birthing "as nature intended". Women who choose this for themselves, independant of peer pressure, do so with full acceptance that in nature death is a part of life and not all babies or all mothers are intended to survive the birthing process. Their motivation is seperate to the "ideal" of the living, breathing, healthy baby outcome that most of Western society is focused on atm.
The short answer is NATURE wouldn't endanger the woman or child. So long as everything is equal. The thing is, EVERYTHING is NOT equal!
Women in Western society today, do NOT live as nature intended.
Nature didn't intend for women to sit on their behinds all day, particularly in pregnancy.
Nature didn't intend for women to eat diets high in refined, processed foods.
Nature didn't intend for women to have 50 hour long labours - that's a very long time for a woman to hide from predators and keep her energy up and keep herself and her baby safe.
Nature doesn't intended for MOST women and babies to survive birth - as long as 1/2 the population survives, nature is doing just fine.
Nature didn't intend for women to be overweight and obese - and YES fat women ARE fat on the INSIDE. Fat sorrounds and impedes the organs, as well as messing with other body functions.
And so, if a woman chooses to free birth in the full acceptance of these things, it is for no one else to judge that by their own standards, because she has taken on responsibility for her choice for herself and her baby.
My mum once told me it was ok that my seatbelt wasn't working because we were headed to church for a Sunday evening service and God would take care of us. 20 minutes later, she was sitting in the middle a road holding the flesh of her thigh to her femur while someone called an ambulance.
"Nature didn't intend for women to have 50 hour long labours - that's a very long time for a woman to hide from predators and keep her energy up and keep herself and her baby safe."
I'm curious about this comment. Does this mean that my baby and I should be dead? And we're not...so what does that mean? I'm also wondering what you're basing it on?
This comment is probably somewhat tangential - but I think it all comes back to CHOICE.
Just as it would be inappropriate to advocate freebirth for all, it OUTRAGES me that because homebirthers are currently a minority, those who already have the hospital options they so desire feel it's their right to have a voice in curtailing the choices of the minority.
I hear what you are saying, and I think it's a case of presenting extremes in the hope that there is a meeting in the middle. Is there really anyone suggesting all people have a freebirth? I don't believe that. However the majority do seem to think they can insist all women birth in hospital - and that is just plain wrong.
Sazz, everything is not about you. If you had a 50 hour birth and are ok, that's great, I'd say that living in a house in modern society probably does help to protect you from the kind of predators nature plans for. Would nature intend you to endure a long, difficult labour, I don't know, I doubt that would be the intention - might it be a result of such things as a very sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical condition or some other difficulty, it might - you would know more about your lifestyle choices and fitness than me, so that would be for you to consider. The fact that you CAN birth a baby under difficult circumstances, doesn't mean it is was nature intended or that it is desirable.
Rach, yes, I believe there are people who advocate free birthing as the ONLY right way to birth - arguing that nature never intended for us to be under medical supervision, but to let our bodies do what they're designed to do (not taking into account current lifestyle choice). I have certainly read those sentiments since first reading about freebirth nearly 10 years ago.
However, this blog is about CHOICE, choice that considers, acknowledges and accepts both the desired and undesirable outcomes of whatever choice is made, and sometimes I feel that only the desirable ourcomes are highlighted, whether that is "painless, predictable birth" or "as nature intended - without defining nature's intentions too closely".
I didn't say it's all about me, I was curious about what your opinion would be with regard to my situation since you had written that nature didn't intend for me to have the natural birth I had, iykwim.
While you're accusing me of trying to make everything about myself I am still left wondering why freebirthing upsets you so much?
Sazz, I'm not sure where you got the impression that free birthing upsets me. It doesn't. I'd be quite ok free birthing in a circumstance where I had to. Personally, the only reason I haven't is because I like having a wise woman with me at my birth. My midwife did nothing but be with me for Ari's birth, and it was the same for Luey's birth.
For Bryn my midwife identified a cervical lip that was causing me frustration, it was good to have her experience with birth to make that identification.
My first birth was full of interventions, so somewhat a different story.
I'm ALL FOR women choosing to free birth if it is was makes them feel most comfortable and they are prepared for whatever the outcome may be - acknowledging that sometimes babies don't survive labour, and sometimes there are hidden problems that don't come to light until a woman is heavily in labour, and sometimes there ISN'T enough time to seek medical help. If a woman chooses to free birth acknowledging and accepting those things in her heart, then I completely support her right to choose for herself and her baby.
It is when women choose to free birth because they believe that if they don't do so, they will be perceived as feeble and oppressed by the patriarchy, of lacking trust in their body and in the process. There are women who feel such peer pressure, even when they are not able to admit doing so - for fear of losing face. It is a real phenomenon that I have observed.
Please don't presume to project your own upset about these discussions onto me.
"I'm ALL FOR women choosing to free birth if it is was makes them feel most comfortable and they are prepared for whatever the outcome may be - acknowledging that sometimes babies don't survive labour, and sometimes there are hidden problems that don't come to light until a woman is heavily in labour, and sometimes there ISN'T enough time to seek medical help. If a woman chooses to free birth acknowledging and accepting those things in her heart, then I completely support her right to choose for herself and her baby."
You and I must hang out in very different circles of freebirthers.


text:
Cashless society 'a very long..
Cashless society 'a very long way off' says expert
Michael McLaren
cashPaul Harrison
Shoppers are out in force and buying up big for the festive season, but for how much longer will they be using cash?
Cash is on its way to becoming a collector's item thanks to tap-and-go and online payments that have been growing in popularity in recent years.
Reserve Bank governor Philip Lowe believes Australia is at a turning point, with cash set to become a "niche payment".
Australians are already the sixth highest users of electronic payments in the world, according to the RBA.
Only 37 per cent of household spending is done using cash, compared to 69 per cent a decade ago.
Chair of Consumer Behaviour at Deakin University Doctor Paul Harrison says "it's a very long way off" until be become a cashless society.
He tells Michael McLaren "there's a couple of things getting in the way".
"People still kind of like to have that physical cash… the other thing is the technology is still quite cumbersome.
"Australia's are really good at taking up new technology, but they're also really good at not giving up what they currently have".
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