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Juvenile Justice Information Exchange (https://jjie.org/2015/10/25/pennsylvania-juvenile-offenders-given-psychiatric-drugs-at-high-rates/)
Pennsylvania Juvenile Offenders Given Psychiatric Drugs at High Rates
By Halle Stockton | October 25, 2015
Anita Dufalla / PublicSource
This story was reported and written by Halle Stockton for PublicSource.
It's the end of the line for these Pennsylvania kids. They've fallen through every safety net, and they keep making the same mistakes or more violent ones.
The kids — nearly all black or white teenage boys — are sent hours away from their families to youth correctional facilities, sterile lock-downs surrounded by barbed wire or cabins so far out in the wilderness they're considered secure even without a fence.
They are the toughest kids in the juvenile justice system. And, in some ways, the most vulnerable.
In the months they spend at correctional facilities, they receive mood-altering psychiatric medications at strikingly high rates, particularly antipsychotic drugs that expose them to significant health risks.
Psychiatric medications are prescribed to manage mental health and behavioral symptoms; antipsychotics are a type of psychiatric medicine approved to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and irritability with autism.
Kids are more vulnerable to the severe side effects of antipsychotics — rapid weight gain and diabetes among them — yet doctors and juvenile justice experts told PublicSource they're confident the drugs are being used off-label in the state facilities to induce sleep or to reduce anxiety or aggression.
Some child advocates refer to this use as "chemical restraint."
[Video: Julie Donohue: "Off-label prescribing is…]
Over a seven-year period, enough antipsychotics were ordered to treat one-third of the confined youth, on average, at any given time, according to a PublicSource analysis of drug purchasing information obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services, which operates the youth correctional facilities.
Only 1 to 2 percent of kids in the U.S. take antipsychotics.
Most "antipsychotic use is likely for sedation and behavioral control" in Pennsylvania's youth correctional facilities, said Dr. Mark Olfson of the Columbia University Medical Center. Olfson is a leading research psychiatrist who reviewed the data PublicSource provided. "The new findings will hopefully spur much-needed institutional reforms."
Thousands of at-risk kids lived in six state-operated youth development centers and forestry camps from 2007 through 2013. Within the razor wire — or dense tree lines in forestry camps — psychiatric medications are still flowing, despite the potential consequences to the developing brains and bodies of kids.
A recent study showed about one-fifth of foster care youth in Pennsylvania were taking antipsychotics in 2012 — a finding that sounded alarm bells for the Department of Human Services (DHS), which commissioned the report.
The secretary of the department called the rates among foster children "disturbing" and "unacceptable."
PublicSource's look at the issue for the state's most troubled delinquent young people showed even more widespread prescribing, yet Human Services officials said they aren't encountering the same issues in the juvenile justice system.
The agency communicated with PublicSource almost entirely through email with responses approved by its legal department.
The department had weeks, and sometimes months, to respond to questions. Requests to interview DHS officials went unanswered for six weeks; an interview with Secretary Ted Dallas was scheduled and then abruptly cancelled. PublicSource shared its findings with the agency on Oct. 6.
The state also would not release the names of the doctors who are contracted to care for and prescribe to the youth, saying that it would compromise the safety of doctors if the facility residents had personal information on them.
A greater mental health need
Most of the kids are sent to the facilities after they've committed assaults, thefts and burglaries, or crimes related to guns and drugs. It is common for them to come from unstable homes or to roam with other kids who have had brushes with the law.
At its root, it is often a traumatic experience, one witnessed or committed, that drives their actions and can mimic mental illness.
PublicSource was not granted access to the facilities — one of which closed on Sept. 30. The centers are described by those who have visited as plain, with more the feeling of a hospital than a jail, but still with a maze of locked doors.
The state juvenile justice system takes youth ages 10 to 21; the state facilities saw youth 12 and 20 in the seven years studied.
For an average of seven to eight months, they're kept on a strict schedule for meals with schooling on the premises and some socializing in common areas with TVs and computers.
DHS spokeswoman Kait Gillis wrote in an email that the department provides individualized health care to the juveniles with a multidisciplinary team that regularly monitors the effects of psychiatric medications, also called psychotropics.
She wrote that 44 percent of 266 residents in the facilities on Sept. 30 had a psychotropic medication prescribed by a psychiatrist. The department conducted a manual calculation on that day shortly after receiving additional questions from PublicSource on the matter.
Many enter the facilities with a psychotropic prescription, Gillis added, and some can be weaned off as they make progress with other nondrug therapies.
"The protocols we have in place actually lead to a reduction or termination of medication when possible," she wrote. However, the state did not share whether it has any policies or controls on prescribing.
The department could not say how many enter with such a prescription, and the invoices provided by the department did not link the medications to specific cases or diagnoses because of privacy concerns.
PublicSource consulted several health care professionals and researchers to review the data, which took two years to obtain and turn into a usable database.
While the experts did see red flags pointing to potentially excessive or inappropriate prescribing in the state facilities, justice-involved youth are known to have a greater mental health need than the general population. Studies and experts estimate that between 50 percent and 75 percent have a diagnosable psychiatric disorder.
However, not every disorder calls for a medication and certainly not an antipsychotic.
Psychiatric medications can quickly improve an adolescent's quality of life by alleviating depression or creating a clear mind. But many believe some prescribers overuse psychotropics, deploying them as a "silver bullet," rather than addressing underlying issues.
"The great concern among children's advocates is that … too often the medications are used to the benefit of the institution to control behavior in ways that are not appropriate," said Robert Schwartz, co-founder and recently retired executive director of the Juvenile Law Center, a national public-interest law firm based in Philadelphia that brought the notorious "Kids for Cash" scandal to light in 2008.
The scandal netted two judges guilty of taking $2.6 million in kickbacks to send youth to private for-profit centers and created demand for reforms to policies affecting youth in the state's juvenile courts. Tools were adopted in many counties to assess mental health upon arrival at juvenile justice facilities, and the state began unshackling kids in courtrooms.
Antipsychotics, the most used of the psychotropics in the state facilities, are extremely powerful and effective.
That's why they're used so often in crisis.
The drugs are tranquilizing, instilling a quick calm. Some equate that calm to a stupor.
Dr. Terry Lee, a child and adolescent psychiatrist who treats residents of a Washington state-run secure juvenile correctional facility, said most antipsychotics used in correctional facilities are given to control disruptive behavior, like outbursts, aggression and breaking the rules.
"There aren't that many kids in juvenile justice facilities who are psychotic," he said.
Judge Kathryn M. Hens-Greco, who has heard delinquency cases for five years in the Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas, said she can't remember ever sending a kid diagnosed with schizophrenia or autism to one of the state facilities.
Some youth with behavioral health disorders, Olfson said, are likely receiving antipsychotics inappropriately.
"If they have schizophrenia or bipolar, hopefully they are not here but in psychiatric hospitals getting rehabilitated," he said. "I think their need for antipsychotics should make them ineligible for these facilities."
The American Psychiatric Association says poor and minority kids are more likely to receive antipsychotics for off-label reasons. The PolicyLab, a research entity of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, found 5 percent of Medicaid-enrolled children in Pennsylvania were taking antipsychotics in 2012.
It was prescribing among the state's Medicaid-enrolled foster children driving that rate.
Antipsychotics are quick to stabilize, but can also cause rapid weight gain that can lead to diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular problems. It may lead to brain shrinkage and a shorter lifespan.
Even the U.S. Supreme Court recognized that the brains of youth offenders are still developing when it took life sentences without parole off the table; so too, experts say, should state officials and doctors recognize they are taking a young person's future into their hands when they prescribe psychotropics — for better or worse.
Dr. Christoph Correll, a psychiatrist and scientist, published a study in 2009 linking antipsychotic use and weight gain in youth. The kids studied gained 10 to 20 pounds in fewer than three months, he said. "Children and adolescents seem to be more vulnerable to these side effects," he said. "We need to improve the behaviors of the mentally ill with education and healthy lifestyle and go to low-risk interventions first.
Gillis, the DHS spokeswoman, wrote that all residents of Pennsylvania youth correctional facilities get a mental-health screening within one hour of arrival. The kids are further assessed by social workers, nurses, physicians, psychological services associates, counselors and psychiatrists, she wrote.
Other therapies offered include cognitive behavioral therapy, individual and group counseling and programs for anger management and substance abuse issues, she wrote.
"There are unique challenges as many of the residents have not had consistent access to preventive care or to a medical provider," Gillis wrote.
In the state facilities, the youth are provided a bill of rights, 22 liberties that include the rights to receive appropriate behavioral health care and to be free from excessive medication. The state contracts with the Mental Health Association in Pennsylvania to send in youth advocates. If medication questions come up, advocates refer them to a nurse.
Gillis wrote that kids prescribed certain psychiatric medications are monitored regularly through therapy, blood work and physical exams, and monthly updates are provided to the psychiatrist.
At the Washington state facility in which Lee works, he developed and implemented psychiatric practice guidelines. The guidelines include requirements to generally limit antipsychotic prescriptions to youth with psychotic and bipolar disorders; to prioritize skills training and nondrug therapy for disruptive behavior; and, when prescribing for sleep, to first use medications with more benign side effects, like melatonin or diphenhydramine (Benadryl).
Lee published a study on Oct. 1 in the journal Psychiatric Services that compared psychiatric medication costs and aggression levels at three secure juvenile facilities, including where he works.
The study, spanning 2003 to 2012, shows that Lee's facility, with psychiatric practice guidelines, reduced its costs of psychotropic drugs by 26 percent, and incidents of aggression remained level. Costs for facilities without the guidelines doubled, and aggression levels increased, Lee said.
Psychotropic drugs dominated the medication budgets at the Pennsylvania youth centers, accounting for more than $3.4 million of the $5.5 million spent over seven years, according to the PublicSource analysis.
The state and counties pay for medications prescribed to residents of youth correctional facilities because Medicaid benefits are terminated or suspended when a juvenile is sent to one.
Seroquel (quetiapine) and Abilify (aripiprazole) — both antipsychotics — were two of the most ordered medications. About $2.2 million was spent on these two drugs alone.
(This interactive drug app will allow you to explore the data we received from the state.)
Rx pad
There has been no thorough examination in the state or nation on the prescribing of psychiatric medications to delinquent youth — an irony considering the momentous trend of jails and prisons, both adult and juvenile, filling the role of psychiatric facility.
With fewer resources and less training to cope with aggression, the mental health system over time has lost its ability to handle youthful offenders, and correctional facilities have become the default, said Ned Loughran, executive director of the Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators.
"The Catch-22 is the more the youth correctional facilities respond to that and develop specialized programs because they have to deal with the youth, the more the courts are going to use them," he said.
The majority of youth offenders in Pennsylvania are in private facilities. They are for the teens with lesser crimes, fewer problems and shorter stays. The chronic or violent offenders go to the youth development centers and forestry camps.
The facilities have adapted, contracting with medical professionals who know how to treat depression, anxiety and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with medications that also fall under the umbrella of psychotropics.
In addition to antipsychotic use in the six state facilities:
The antidepressants ordered were sufficient to treat more than 20 percent of the confined youth, on average, at any given time over the seven years studied. That includes the drugs Prozac and Paxil, which have been shown to increase suicidal behaviors in adolescents.
Mood stabilizers, like lithium, which is generally used to treat manic episodes and bipolar disorder, were the next most used of the five drug classes analyzed. The prescriptions were sufficient to treat an average of 14 percent of residents at any given time.
The four child and adolescent psychiatrists who advised PublicSource were surprised by the levels of anti-ADHD medications, which were ordered about one-third as often as antipsychotics. ADHD is likely one of the most prevalent disorders in the facilities, experts said. The orders were sufficient to treat an average of 9 percent of the youth at any given time.
Medications to combat anxiety were the least ordered of all the psychotropic classes, sufficient to treat an average of 6 percent of the juveniles at any given time.
It is also possible that some juveniles receive more than one psychiatric medication. It's called polypharmacy.
If one drug starts losing its power, the meds are often layered with others.
The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry says polypharmacy should be generally avoided.
Once a medication is on the market, a doctor has free rein to prescribe it for all kinds of symptoms. Sometimes the evidence supports its use, and sometimes not.
Correll, a professor at Hofstra University's School of Medicine, advises using interventions with fewer side effects and rarely, if ever, trying antipsychotics off-label for sleeplessness, anxiety or ADHD. Alternatives can include anything from changing diet and sleep habits, to counseling, to other medication with fewer risks.
Jennifer Drake is the national director of behavioral health services for Youth Advocate Programs (YAP), a Harrisburg, Pennsylvania-based nonprofit that provides community-based services to youth in 18 states and Washington, D.C., many of whom have been placed in corrections or foster care.
YAP has programs in 31 Pennsylvania counties and the city of Philadelphia.
Drake remembered a teenage boy who had experienced multiple placements, with medications layered at every stop.
When he returned home, YAP's psychiatrist diagnosed him with depression. The boy was taken off antipsychotics and anti-ADHD drugs in favor of a mild antidepressant and counseling.
First, his headaches went away and he began to lose weight, she said. Then he started to break out of his shell and have conversations.
"I think all of us believe medication should only be one part of a child's treatment," Drake said. "They are certainly lifesaving and life-changing and many kids need them, but they shouldn't be the first line of treatment or the only treatment."
(Read sidebar on how PublicSource got this story: Search for Data Began 2 Years Ago)
Coming Wednesday: Oversight of psychiatric meds for youth offenders lacking.
A George Polk Grant for Investigative Reporting and a grant from The Fund for Investigative Journalism helped to fund this PublicSource project.
PublicSource is a leading investigative news organization, providing Pennsylvania citizens with in-depth information. Reach Halle Stockton at 412-315-0263 or hstockton@publicsource.org. Follow her on Twitter at @HalleStockton.
Data work by Alexandra Kanik, Eric Holmberg and Stockton. App development by Kanik with help from the Institute for Nonprofit News. Graphics and charts by Kanik. Videos by Ryan Loew. Illustrations by Anita DuFalla.


This post departs a bit from what I normally write, but it is what I will be writing more of in the future.
The world of dogs and dog training is in upheaval. Simply put, there are two main factions of training philosophies: training dogs with corrections (verbal and/or physical) and training dogs without corrections mainly using food rewards but also toys. Each training professional or business can also personalize its philosophy and methods by combining other training methods together with one of these to create a unique perspective on teaching humans to train dogs. But the point is is that there are one of two main positions that can be taken.
Each side also promotes its own method as being the only one to use. The most common argument for this is that dogs are dying because of improper training and each blames the other side for that. There is a lot of hostility among dog training professionals and dog owners of each side towards the other. Truthfully, there is also some jealousy within each camp towards fellow training instructors which only decreases our effectiveness as a group.
Because people are different and are at different points in their personal evolution and development, there is not going to be a quick solution to this issue. Everyone has to go through their own personal change to understand what is happening here. Unfortunately, not everyone is capable of not using force on a dog to train him at this point in human history.
Those who use positive reinforcement may want this change to happen immediately, but it is simply not possible. The frustration that is caused by this lack of ability to change is extremely noticeable within training circles. Frustration is often accompanied by anger and hateful talk towards training pros and dog humans who are not changing their method fast enough or are resistant to it.
Unfortunately, the negative comments, anger and hate talk is contradictory to the force free training philosophy in terms and actions. You cannot be truly force free in your dog training if you are verbally attacking or using negative words against other humans because of their beliefs and actions, either privately or publicly.
The most important thing that frustrated dog training professionals can do to help make changes to the dog training world is to refrain from bad mouthing anyone who opposes their views. This is so important. Focusing on the negative attracts more of that to you. It also gives the "other side" something to criticize you for doing, that you are no better.
The main reason people need to stop training with corrections now.
The reason to stop is that when instructing people to use corrections to train a dog, it is impossible to keep negative emotions out of the picture and it is impossible to prevent that method of training from being used in a punitive or violent manner. You just can't control people's emotions or actions. You are effectively teaching people a way that could potentially be used to deliberately hurt their dogs even if it is not initially used that way.
By their very nature, corrections, either physical or psychological, cause mental or physical pain to a dog. That is why they work for many dogs. When a dog does not comply, the first human thought is likely I must make this dog comply at any cost because that is how this method works. Dogs should do what we humans say.
Physical corrections used to train will escalate and so do the emotions. The dog MUST do what I tell him to do because I am the human. The dog must obey.Just try it and see how easy it is or if you are able to dissociate your emotions from this type of training. I've seen it so often in my work with clients who still subscribe to this method and with the average person with a dog who has no real knowledge of any method, and who just do whatever they had heard about.
The attitude of "humans are the boss" often contributes to getting frustrated or out of control emotionally at what is happening in a training session.
When you remove the opportunity to correct a dog physically or verbally, you also greatly reduce or even prevent the escalation of your own emotions such as anger. A dog can be trained to do anything well without corrections, so using them are really pointless. As well, when you reduce or eliminate the stress of negative emotions from a training session, you are also giving the dog more of an opportunity to learn. It is well know that stress decreases an animal's (including humans) ability to learn. Using intimidation to train also increases the stress level of both the human doing the training and the dog.
The reason stress during a training session would be an issue is because most humans using this method are not well enough trained or skilled in using corrections to apply them properly. Incorrectly given corrections increase the stress a dog feels. The trainer is not skilled enough to know this, and so thinks the dog is ignoring him, so the corrections escalate, as does the frustration and stress levels.
From another more abstract perspective, when a person uses physical force and corrections to train, that person is actually using violence against another being. This is not a spiritually mature response to another being's actions (which are fully his own). Even the idea of using shock on a dog, for which the human is not really near the dog as such and so is not correcting with physical movements, is doing violence and causing pain to another being.
A person who is on the path to spiritual maturity is not going to be drawn to a way of interacting with other beings in which she causes pain to that being.
This also means that those who teach how to train dogs with no pain, and are so-called "force free" training instructors need to understand that acting out their anger (and subsequent verbal assaults or actions) towards those who do, is contradictory to their own philosophy.
You can't simultaneously train an animal without physical force or corrections nor can you preach it and also be negative towards your own species for not doing things as you think they should be done.
If we are changing the way we relate to other animal species within the training world, then we also need to understand how what we think is affecting our positions within the training world.
This does not mean that we interact with other humans by being permissive to what they are doing if they are causing pain to others (does this sound familiar?) It means we simply continue on proving that you can train animals without force or pain. We do this by saturating the internet and dog events with examples of how training can be done without force or pain and therefore without or with reduced anger and frustration. We can also continue to advocate to politicians that they need to make legal changes to remove certain training tools from public access, with the reasoning that most of the public are not skilled or knowledgable enough to use them without damaging the dog mentally or physically. And we can keep writing about the benefits of training without corrections and giving examples of how this is helping dogs and us.
There are so many things we can do that are acceptable to the correction free way of training.
At the same time we need to understand that other people do not see things the same way.
Understanding this doesn't mean that we are condoning that as being the right way or the way of the future in training. It simply means using compassion to deal with those who have not been able to understand the next steps yet.
This also means when we get angry with them we don't lash out in any way whatsoever. It means we don't criticize them or bad mouth them or wish harm on them (as I have often heard from some who say they train without force). It means that, if we need to, we can express anger, once, to others in our circle without wanting to do verbal or physical violence to others who don't share our beliefs. We just simply share that we are angry about how something is going without dehumanizing the person we see as the one doing wrong. But, it is important to remember that continued attention to and repeatedly asking others for validation of our way of thinking is simply giving more attention to it. It is enableing This is a waste of time and not in any way helpful to getting our message out there.
Those who want to spread the message of not using corrections to train dogs must do a better job of actually demonstrating this to the public. If we hide our results, we look no better that those who use corrections to train. We must not be afraid of having our method "stolen" by giving it away for free. In my opinion, it is the world's method and should be free to all who want to use it and promote it.
As I mentioned before, we can communicate this point of view to those who don't understand that not using force or pain is better and more effective as a training method in many ways.
By progressing towards spiritual maturity, we can each lengthen our lives and the lives of others (including other animals), by reducing stress and by contributing to the evolution of the whole world. In order to get there, we need to start treating other species and our own with more care and consideration. Reducing stress on ourselves and our pets is a major starting point to a healthier life. This doesn't necessarily mean eliminating certain species in order to not kill for survival.
It simply means eliminating negative energies and actions towards other humans and species in order to move towards spiritual adulthood.
Welcome to the future of dog training.


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S131. Leap: Disjunction, Disconnection, and Useful Dissonance in Contemporary Poetics
Room 22, Tampa Convention Center, First Floor
We leap because we want to jumpstart a traditional narrative, and take it up and out in a metaphorical rocket, adding lyrical and meditative weight to an otherwise predictable poem. We leap because it is a way to violently birth the poem, then lift it to the world as a gesture of greatness, a 360 degree display of the deep unconscious. The panel will discuss the origins of leaping, from the deep image poets of the 1960s to our contemporary poets.
Laura Minor is the recipient of the 2016 Emerging Writers Spotlight Award, chosen by D.A. Powell. Her poetry has most recently appeared in Berfrois, Queen Mob's Tea House, Hobart, and Spring Gun Press. She is currently a doctoral candidate in poetry at Florida State University.
Mark Bibbins is the author of three books of poems, the most recent of which is They Don't Kill You Because They're Hungry, They Kill You Because They're Full. He teaches at The New School and Columbia University, and edits the poetry section of The Awl.
Josh Bell is the author of the poetry collections No Planets Strike and Alamo Theory. He is Briggs Copeland Lecturer at Harvard University, has taught at Columbia University and the University of Iowa Writer's Workshop, and is the recent recipient of a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts.
Jillian Weise is the author of The Amputee's Guide to Sex, The Colony, and The Book of Goodbyes. Recent work appears in Boston Review, Poetry, and The New York Times. She teaches at Clemson University.
Carmen Giménez Smith, publisher of Noemi Press, is professor of English at Virginia Tech. Most recently, she is author of Cruel Futures and Be Recorder. Her last poetry collection, Milk and Filth, was a finalist for the NBCC Award.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Donegal Respite Services must not be collateral Damage in HSE and Rehab Group Funding Dispute – Jordan
Sinn Féin Councillor Noel Jordan has insisted that the fate of respite services across Donegal must not become mere collateral damage or fall victim to cuts owing to the ongoing funding row between the HSE and the service provider, the Rehab Group.
The Donegal Councillor's comments come as the HSE and Rehab Group executives have agreed to enter into further talks shortly in a fresh bid to end an ongoing funding row which centres on a request made by the group for an additional €2m to be made available to help support its services.
The group provides respite care at a number of facilities across the county, and was recently awarded the contract for service provision at Sea View House in Mountcharles which is due to commence from this September.
Councillor Jordan says that, given the significant number of service users who depend on the services the group provides, the HSE and the Government must do everything in their power to avoid services being withdrawn.
Cllr Jordan said:
"There is much anxiety amongst service users and their families over the continuing funding row between the HSE, the Government and the Rehab Group.
"While executives from the group and the Health Service Executive have agreed to engage further over the next few days in a bid to end the stalemate, the threat that the group may terminate its care services agreed previously with the HSE continues to cast doubt over the future of respite care here.
"I understand that while the Minister and officials from Rehab have held discussion over a requested €2m in extra funding which the group says it needs in order to enable it to provide its services going forward, there has been little in the way of firm commitments to date.
"Rehab claims that cutting its care services would affect 3,000 people with disabilities who access Rehab's 147 services at 117 locations around the state, including hundreds of families here in Donegal.
"In fact, down in my own area the group has recently been awarded the contract to provide respite services at Sea View House in Mountcharles and there are genuine fears over the fate of this deal.
"Additionally, a number of families of service users have expressed concern at indications that the new schedule for respite care at Sea View House may not include weekend periods, and this is clearly something which needs to be further clarified as weekend cover is vital to support these families and care givers.
"To put it simply, services here cannot become collateral damage in this dispute between the HSE, the Government and the Rehab Group because we are talking about people's lives here.
"My colleague Deputy Pearse Doherty has agreed to raise this with the Minister in the Dáil this week because, evidently, the people of this county and all who depend on these supports need certainty and they need it urgently."


Hong Kong has a free market economy and is dominated mainly by the service sector, which accounts for over 90% of the GDP. The retail sector is the second largest service industry in Hong Kong and plays an important role in the economy of Hong Kong. The retail sector includesshopping centres, department stores, watches and jewellery, supermarkets, convenience stores, fashion and electronic goods etc and it offers a lot of job opportunities. In order to strengthen and sustain the improvement of the service quality, the local institutions and schools offer a wide range of service and retail programmes.
Hairstylist trainee is responsible for washing hair, cleaning tools and etc.
Provide hair cutting, dyeing, perming service and etc.
Note: The salary of a makeup artist is uncertain, usually paid per job or project.
Note: Chef prospects and promotion may vary depending on the restaurants or hotels they serve.
Note: Patisserie chef prospects and promotion may vary., depending on the bakeries or hotels they serve.
Note: Bartender prospects and promotion may vary depends on dining restaurants or hotels they serve.
Note: Waiter prospects and promotion may vary depending on different dining restaurants or hotels they serve.
Note: Receptionist prospects and promotion may vary depending on the hotel they serve.
Note: Housekeeper prospects and promotion may vary depending on the hotel they serve.
Note: The salary after promotion depends on experience and work ability.
Mystery shoppers will dress up as ordinary customers to carry out research tasks, such as shopping, inquiry services or meals. They will observe the performance of the staff according to the workflow and service standards of the enterprise, and record the whole process in a fair, impartial and objective manner, and then fill in the assessment form concretely and in detail.


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The Confluence of Philosophy and Law in Applied Ethics
Norbert Paulo, The Confluence of Philosophy and Law in Applied Ethics, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, 250pp., $100.00 (hbk), ISBN 9781137557339.
Reviewed by Kristen Hessler, University at Albany (SUNY)
This is a book about how to do applied ethics, rather than a book that actually does applied ethics. Norbert Paulo is not concerned here with the resolution of difficult moral cases for their own sakes. Rather, he examines the formal reasoning processes that justify decisions about what to do in concrete cases on the basis of a particular moral theory. While a few examples of difficult moral cases are sprinkled throughout the text, for the most part they serve to illustrate fairly technical points and are only briefly discussed. Instead, Paulo's attention is focused on defending his overall thesis that methods of legal reasoning can helpfully inform debates about methods in applied ethics.
Paulo's discussion of methods in legal reasoning is careful and systematic in the best way -- the distinctions he draws are both useful and illuminating. Two such distinctions are important for his later analysis of methods in applied ethics. The first is the distinction between norm application and norm development. Norm application deploys existing norms to decide particular cases, where this process "leaves [the norms] unmodified" (45). Norm development, by contrast, "always modifies the normative system by revising a norm or by adding new norms" (45). This distinction matters to Paulo's analysis because, in his view, a stable connection between the normative theory and its application to particular decisions depends on avoiding the temptation to construct new rules in an ad hoc way wherever application of abstract norms to a particular case is difficult. Rather, Paulo insists, we should exhaust the implications of a moral theory by following a formal method of application before concluding that the theory is actually in need of development in the form of new or revised norms.
The second distinction of note is between two methods of norm application: deduction, which he wants to rehabilitate as a method of top-down application of norms to specific cases; and reasoning with precedents, such as reasoning by analogy or deciding a novel case on the basis of past judicial decisions. As it turns out, Paulo recommends deduction as the central method for principlism, and reasoning with precedents as the central method for casuistry.
The model of deduction that Paulo develops in his chapter on norm application in law is as follows:
Deductive reasoning with norms requires at least the following: (1) a universal and conditioned norm (i.e., a norm that is logically universal or all-quantified, but stated in an 'if . . . then' clause); (2) a case description; and (3) a semantic interpretation of (1) to bridge the gap between (1) and (2). The relation between (1), (2), and (3), and the conclusion is a normal deductive inference, which means that to accept the truth of the premises logically forces one to accept the truth of the conclusion. (46, notes omitted)
This account is not, Paulo emphasizes, the view that "one simply has to 'discover' the implications of a given norm without using any creativity" (46). Rather, he argues that "the most important ingredient to a deduction from a given norm is the interpretation of this very norm" (45). This is because interpretation "bridges the gap between norm and case. It also makes the argument more transparent and criticism possible." (50) Paulo goes on to endorse an interpretive method that he argues splits the difference between Scalia-style textualism and "living constitution" approaches to legal reasoning, in that it takes seriously both the explicit statement of a rule and the intentions behind it (51-55).
One notable strength of this book is its sympathetic but critical overviews of principlism and casuistry in bioethics. Paulo carefully articulates the challenges these views face in generating specific answers to difficult moral questions. Along the way, he develops some little-noted but important critiques of these theories -- the lack of an authoritative source of normative content in casuistry, for example, or the lack of a place for moral rights in principlism. However, Paulo is clear throughout these discussions that his aim is to strengthen the theories and highlight areas in which they need work in order to be more practically useful.
In his hefty chapter on principlism (which weighs in at around 60 pages), Paulo argues that principlism's proponents have not themselves developed an adequate method for using the theory, and are even mistaken about those methodological points they do argue for. For example, carefully reconstructing the arguments of principlism's main advocates, Tom Beauchamp and James Childress, Paulo emphasizes that "all norms in principlism are prima facie norms" (119, emphasis original). Beauchamp and Childress argue that "prima facie norms can only be 'applied' using balancing and specification, but not deduction" (120). In response, Paulo argues that the prima facie character of principlism's norms does not render deduction inappropriate for the theory; rather, he argues, the task when using prima facie, non-absolute norms is "to make them deductively applicable in a rational and transparent way and only then to apply them deductively" (169). This argument leans on Paulo's distinction between development and application: "The aim of further developing the system is to allow for deductive applications where the existing norms do not" (170). In this way, Paulo argues that being clear about what counts as a development of the theory's norms as opposed to an application of those norms is essential for clear thinking about how to use the theory.
Moreover, given that Beauchamp and Childress endorse specification as a method for principlism, Paulo embarks on a nuanced examination of Henry Richardson's concept of norm specification as a method in applied ethics. To telescope that argument significantly: Paulo ultimately concludes that Richardson's model of norm specification fails for two reasons. First, it doesn't distinguish between application and development -- or, as Paulo argues: ". . . it does not allow for any move that does not alter the normative system," since a specification of a norm adds content to it. Thus, "There is no way to use specification without thereby altering the normative system. This is restrictive for future applications of the system; it will undoubtedly yield excessive regulation" (149). The second problem is that it downplays "the relevance of interpretation for both norm development and norm application," since at certain points Richardson seems to indicate that it is possible to read off from a fully specified norm exactly what to do, without interpretation (149). As Paulo argues,
One of the main reasons to use deduction as the main method of norm application is that it forces one to make these interpretations transparent. One defect of Richardson's view is to leave this interpretative step in the dark. (149)
Consequently, Paulo argues that principlists should abandon specification, and concentrate on deduction as the primary method of application, supplemented by his reconstructed account of norm balancing (156-62).
Paulo's analysis is not limited to the top-down application of norms to cases, as is evident from his sophisticated reconstruction of methods for casuistry in bioethics using the models of legal reasoning from prior cases and reasoning by analogy. Paulo argues that reasoning according to precedents in law helpfully illuminates reasoning about difficult cases by reference to what casuists call "paradigm cases," in which the moral resolution is clear. Paulo's analysis in this chapter hinges on his understanding of reasoning by precedent as essentially a rule-based form of reasoning -- what matters in deciding a current case, he argues, is not necessarily the particular resolution of a paradigm case or precedent, but rather the rule according to which that case was decided, which can then legitimately be applied in the current case, assuming it is similar in the relevant ways to the paradigm case or precedent (195). While card-carrying casuists may resist this characterization of casuistry as a rule-based ethical system, Paulo plausibly argues that this view of casuistry not only helps render it more systematic and usable, but also clarifies how casuistry can develop new norms and critique old ones where this seems necessary to keep up with changing moral norms over time.
After his careful and constructive treatment of principlism and casuistry, Paulo's final chapter on consequentialism is unexpectedly disappointing. Paulo considers two forms of consequentialism: Peter Singer's preference utilitarianism, and Brad Hooker's rule utilitarianism. Paulo wastes no time dismissing Singer's view, arguing that is has no method at all; and while he gives a somewhat more sympathetic treatment to Hooker's rule utilitarianism, his verdict there is similarly critical. While Paulo levies some fair criticisms of the structure of Singer's preference utilitarianism (especially his epistemological privileging of intuitions about abstract moral principles), his overall treatment of Singer seems uncharitable. For example, Singer argues that
the potential of a fetus to become a rational, self-aware being cannot count against killing it at a stage when it lacks these characteristics -- not, that is, unless we are also prepared to count the value of rational self-aware life as a reason against contraception and celibacy. (215, quoting Singer, Practical Ethics, p. 160)
Paulo complains that this argument by analogy, like other analogical arguments Singer offers, "is not warranted by preference utilitarianism" and that "it lacks any argumentative structure" (215). Moreover, he continues:
Not only is the moral permissibility of contraception disputed (as I am writing this, Pro-Life activists are marching through Salzburg). Also there are differences between contraception, celibacy, and infanticide regarding potentiality (some of which might be morally relevant). Despite his claims to the contrary, what Singer does, in effect, is rely on unexplained intuitions. (215, notes omitted)
It's a bit baffling for Paulo to refer to Pro-Life marchers in Salzburg in support of the assertion that contraception (rather than, say, abortion) is morally controversial. More importantly, however, it's unclear from Paulo's argument here why he thinks that Singer is unaware that there might be morally relevant differences between contraception, celibacy, and infanticide. Surely Paulo could have reconstructed these differences in order to consider carefully what methods might work for utilitarianism, or looked more closely into Singer's oeuvre to discover passages where he waded through some of these differences himself.
This particular example doesn't matter much to Paulo's overall argument in the book. However, it does serve to illustrate the contrast between his somewhat hurried and raw treatment of consequentialism as compared with his careful, sympathetic, and constructive efforts to systematize methodologies for principlism and casuistry. It also raises obliquely a basic question about Paulo's assumption that methods in applied ethics can really be neatly separated from substantive discussions of moral principles and their practical implications, since part of Paulo's frustration with Singer seems to be that Singer is arguing relatively informally from the perspective of a participant in an active moral controversy, instead of bringing to that controversy a highly developed moral theory which he then scientifically deploys according to a systematic and transparent method. Finally, given that Paulo was able to recommend a methodology for principlism despite the fact that its proponents were, in his view, mistaken about what methods were appropriate for the theory, it's not obvious why he couldn't similarly work with consequentialism to reconstruct a methodology for it, even if the forms of consequentialism currently prevalent in bioethics are in his view methodologically deficient.
This complaint about Paulo's analysis of consequentialism does little to detract from the contributions he makes in the book overall, however. Consequentialism, compared to the other two theories Paulo considers, has gotten plenty of analysis in moral philosophy over a long time. By contrast, there exist few, if any, such systematic analyses of principlism and casuistry as the ones Paulo offers here, not to mention his careful and illuminating accounts of methodology for applied ethics generally. These are important contributions that deserve attention.


text:
Q: Click on Home in Android and it should logout when the time of resume is more than 4 minutes? I wish to implement the functionality that when I click on the home of my android app while running my app and then if the user resumes again after 4 minutes, then I should logout the user and again show him the login screen or if he resumes before 4 minutes than it should show him the screen from where he left. So what can be the best way to implement this functionality.

A: You can create a variable to save the time of last run in and a boolean variable that tells if the activity stopped because of home clicks or moving between activities.
private long lastRun = 0;
private boolean homeClicked = true;

The variable homeClicked is true unless you start another activity, then you have to set it to false that means the activity didn't stop because of home button click but because of moving between activities.
homeClicked = false;

then add those 2 methods to your activity
// this will be called when the activity stops
@Override
protected void onStop() {
    super.onStop();
    // check if the home was clicked
    if (homeClicked)
        lastRun = System.currentTimeMillis(); // save time of last run
}

// this will be called when the activity starts
@Override
protected void onStart() {
    super.onStart();
    // check if it's the first run or not
    if (lastRun != 0) {
        // check if the activity stopped because of home clicked or not
        if (homeClicked) {
            if ((lastRun - System.currentTimeMillis()) / 1000 / 60 >= 4) {
                // end this activity and show login screen
            }
        } else {
            // reset its value so that you can check it again
            homeClicked = true;
        }
    }
}

hope it helps :)

A: I am writing this as a answer as it is too long to be a comment. As well, this is just a broad idea on the implementation not a complete solution. You may need to have additional checks to know where onResume is coming from.
You can do that by sending additional data in intent that you create to call the subject activity.
Say, you do not want to log out if activity B calls activity A.
So, in activity B, when you start activity A. You can pass in the caller.
// warning pseudo code, written without compiler.
Intent i = new Intent(context, A.class);
Bundle b = new Bundle()'
b.putExtra("caller", "B");
i.putExtras(b);
startActivity(i)

And in activity A's onResume, you can check the intent.
Intent i = getIntent();
Bundle b = i.getExtras();
String caller = b.getString("caller");
if(caller!=null && caller.equals("B")){
    // Use logic as described below
}

Save timestamp when activity is paused like this
@Override
public void onStop(){
    //getting the current time in milliseconds
    Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
    long millis = date.getTime();

    SharedPreferences prefs = ...;
    SharedPreferences.Editor editor = prefs.edit();
    editor.putLong("time", date.getTime());
    editor.commit();
}

@Override
public void onStart(){
    Date myDate = new Date(prefs.getLong("time", 0));
    // Logic to check current time with saved time and logout accordingly.
}

Update:
To find out if an Activity is getting opened by the launcher you can do the following (write this code in onStart() of activity where you want the logout logic):
Intent i = getIntent()
if (i != null && i.getCategories() != null) {
    if (i.getCategories().contains("android.intent.category.LAUNCHER")) {
        // Activity opened by launcher
    }
}

A: You can do this:

*

*Create a service. Start it when you start your app

*In your service create a Broadcast Listener and register it when service starts with some intent action "my.action.for.broadcast"

*Send broadcast with this intent from all your activities in onPause with information that this activity is pausing. And, send broadcast with same intent on onResume methods of all your Activities that this activity is starting.

*Keep a Set in your service with info that how many activities are running. Whenever, any activity sends broadcast through onResume , add it to the Set. If broadcast was send by onPause, remove that activity from Set.(hint: you can identify which activity send message by keeping that info in intent extras. Similarly you can know whether this is a 'pause' message or 'resume' message.

*When all activities are finished from Set, start a CountDownTimer, that counts down to 4 minute.

*If 4 minutes finished and Set is still empty, execute your sign out code here.

This general method is useful for detecting when your complete app goes to background.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Review Essay: Four Complimentary Complaints about Unsettling Arguments: A Festschrift on the Occasion of Stanley Hauerwas's 70th Birthday
[1] For 40 years, Stanley Hauerwas has been a force to be reckoned with in Christian ethics. Yet too often that reckoning fails to occur, either because pejorative categories impede vigorous debate, or because shared convictions are left unexamined. As an example of the former, notice how "sectarian" is never a reflective conclusion earned by careful argumentation, but always a preempting prejudice that discolors engagement. This is typically a failing of Hauerwas's critics. Exemplifying Review Essay: The Revolution Ate Its Children — Two New Essay Collections Address the Embodied Politic by Bert Stablerthe latter failing, Hauerwas's students and friends (among whom I count myself) have too frequently accepted his dicta — e.g., "the church doesn't have a social ethic, it is a social ethic," "liturgy is ethics," "Jesus precedes story," — as axioms from which to work, rather than as arrows pointing to fields of research and reflection.
[2] Unsettling Arguments is a treasure because it reckons critically and collegially with Hauerwas for more than 300 pages. Eighteen of his former students take an "important trajectory" in Hauerwas's thought and subject it to "the best and most trenchant criticism available" (xv). Clear delineations are nigh impossible with a thinker as synthetic as Hauerwas, but the editors do manage to organize the engagements into four sections: "Influences" shows how various thinkers and traditions have sometimes helped, sometimes hindered, his thinking; "Politics" includes challenges and developments of his critiques of democracy, war, bioethics and justice; "Bodies" explores his silences around feminism, race, the natural good of family, and the Jews; "Practices" corrects and extends his expositions of friendship, reading, worship, discipleship as a craft, and university education.
[3] The surpassing value of Unsettling Arguments, however, is not its critical engagement with an important teacher, but its dogged pursuit of truth for the sake of the gospel of Jesus Christ. As the editors affirm, "we want to unsettle any of his arguments that seem to be out of step with the gospel" (xv). Since the gospel is finally that unsettlingly powerful word of grace that draws us into God's own life, making it the focus of gracious tributes to a beloved teacher is the proper way to serve God and honor Hauerwas.
[4] This review will work in that same vein, offering three further complaints that should be regarded as appreciative critique of Unsettling Arguments.
[5] In "Capitalism and Fetishizing the Particular: Is Hauerwas a Nominalist?" Steve Long shows that although Hauerwas is not a nominalist, he can be read as one. This is largely because Hauerwas has eschewed engagement with Christian doctrine, and the Trinitarian metaphysics it implies. There is a similar structure in Dan Bell's "The Way of God with the World: Hauerwas on War." It displays the unstated doctrinal presupposition of Hauerwas' refusal of just war: it is a Trinitarian heresy. Similarly, in "Carrying on with Family," David McCarthy redeems the natural by offering a sacramental (that is, explicitly theological) account of marriage, something that Hauerwas has unremittingly refused to do, to the detriment of his ethic of family.
[6] What each of these fine essays argues is that Hauerwas has too frequently stopped short of the doctrinal work that his positions demand. This may root in Hauerwas's rightful claim that Christian convictions are falsified whenever they are abstracted from ecclesial life. But that warning does not justify avoiding the necessarily discursive work of doctrine proper. Steve Long's hortatory question, specifically directed toward the Trinitarian sourcing of Hauerwas's politics, can fittingly be addressed to his oeuvre as a whole: "Why doesn't he speak more specifically about Christian doctrine and the metaphysical framework it implies?" (52).
[7] As with their teacher, so with a number of the pupils. Some of the essays give the impression, at least rhetorically, that what we really need to get right is not our theology, but our philosophy and critical theory. And two essays chasten Hauerwas for being too theological. Michael Baxter argues that a theological politics is insufficient; the church does and must engage in "plain politics," which is largely a-theological. And it will be this plain politics that mostly describes and determines our prudential daily politics.
[8] Alex Sider's fine and subtle essay suggests that Hauerwas's account of friendship "short circuits" because it "turns to theology"(76) when it needed a rational moral psychology. When Hauerwas acknowledges difference in friendship, he does not "explore" it, but instead invokes "convictions about Trinitarian difference" or about God befriending humanity in the incarnation (75). Sider concludes: "…we are…. friends with people who are different — do we really need a theological justification for this?" (75). Perhaps not, but a theological account can be given, not by invoking "Trinitarian difference" as the idealization of diversity, but rather by attending to the specific Trinitarian differences of Father, Son and Holy Spirit. The problem here wasn't that Hauerwas did theology when he should have done moral psychology, but that Hauerwas didn't do theology very well. Sider implicitly knows that a robust Trinitarian theology is needed, even if he cannot articulate it. He quotes a weekly petition in his local congregation: "For all these concerns, and for the cares we cannot speak, the groans too deep for words, we ask your loving kindness, Lord." The words I have italicized, as well as the general tenor of this praying, allude to the pneumatology of Romans 8, which situates alienation — whether of friendships or of creation as a whole — in the redemptive economy of triune love.
[9] Hauerwas understands himself to be a theologian, and such he is. We are unsettled, and not in the helpful way, by the pupils who have argued or implied here that doing doctrine is an impediment to discovering truth or embodying fidelity. We are indebted to the pupils who have argued here for a more robust and explicit engagement with doctrinal theology by him and by us all.
[10] I wanted from these students a good deal more engagement with Scripture than I found in Unsettling Arguments. Their teacher, after all, has authored a manifesto on ecclesial reading (Unleashing Scripture), a commentary on Matthew (Brazos), several collections of sermons, one of scriptural meditations, as well as co-authoring catechesis on the Decalogue, the Lord's Prayer, and a primer on preaching before strangers. Yet only three of eighteen essays refer to any of Hauerwas's engagements with Scripture, and about the same number cite or allude to Scripture. No essay engages the Bible in a direct or substantive way. In this regard, Hauerwas's students reproduce his own settled pattern of ignoring Scripture in his more academic writing (although attending to it in writing for congregational settings).
[11] These students could and should have unsettled their teacher by engaging Scripture better than he does. I will tentatively try to show what that could look like by engaging Jonathan Tran's wonderful essay "Time for Hauerwas's Racism." In doing so, I hope that I'm not exemplifying what Tran calls "the nervous verbosity of most white theologians" on racism.
[12] The bulk of Tran's essay is the argument that "in the shadow of the church's long-standing racism," Hauerwas's "silence… is a more interesting option" than is his "various statements about race [which] say too much and have been driven by the academic's tendency to overcompensate" (250, 251, text reordered). Using Foucault, Tran suggests that "the binary logic of disavowal" may feel good, but it doesn't work very well — because it emerges from within and colludes with the power that it ostensibly refuses (251–52). There are several subordinate points in Tran's argument, but its core is that Hauerwas's silence is good precisely because it is an embodied practice of eschatological patience.
[13] Can that be right? It could certainly be wrong, one more conceptual cover for whites to be, in the words of James Cone, "indifferent to suffering and patient with cruelty." Silence on racism can certainly be wrong, vicious in character and complicit with evil. Can it also be right, if practiced as fidelity to the gospel? Scripture can help answer the question. Romans 8 speaks of God's eschatological patience, not as a wordless silence that overpowers our prolixity, but as the Spirit's sighing joined with our groaning. Perhaps here is a third alternative to pious prolixity or indifferent silence — groaning. Groaning is also wordless, but it speaks in a way that silence does not, communicating eschatological patience in the affective and bodily registers.
[14] Revelation 7:9 has been a touchstone verse of many for a vision in which racism is eschatologically redeemed, not by the evisceration of race, but by its purified inclusion in heavenly worship. Listen to what occurs as we start with this vision, and read across the chapter break:
After this I looked, and there was a great multitude that no one could count, from every nation, from all tribes and peoples and languages, standing before the throne and before the Lamb…. They cried out in a loud voice, saying, "Salvation belongs to our God who is seated on the throne, and to the Lamb!"…. When the Lamb opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven for about half an hour. (Rev. 7:9a,10; 8:1)
How much "thicker" might Tran's accounting for Hauerwas's silence as eschatological patience become if we were to plumb the depths of the Seer's vision of an inter-ethnic congregation gathered in doxological sound before the Lamb that was slain, and in patient silence after the unsealing of judgment? I don't know the answer, but I hope others will engage the text fully enough that we can all find out.
[15] Hauerwas was in the vanguard of theologians who rediscovered the intrinsic link of worship to ethics. For Hauerwas, that connection is not peripheral but central to the Christian life — indeed, the Christian life is worship, and thus worship is ethics. In the Blackwell Companion to Christian Ethics, he and Sam Wells state that "All that Christians do and do not do thus finds its intelligibility in the worship of God."1 Similarly, in Hannah's Child, Hauerwas writes that "the most important training [his] students received" from him was not in his graduate seminars, but in helping him teach introductory ethics classes, which were structured by the claim that worship-is-ethics.2 You mostly couldn't prove or even infer these claims by the argumentation of Unsettling Arguments.
[16] The two most significant exceptions to this complaint are Kelly Johnson's "Worshiping in Spirit and Truth," and Joel Shuman's "Discipleship as Craft: Crafting the Christian Body." Ironically, these two direct engagements with worship have such very different perspectives that they are almost point and counter-point.
[17] Johnson says Hauerwas hasn't been telling us the whole truth "about what is happening in liturgy" (302). His emphasis on the "particular, local, and visible practice" (203) of Christian worship has three detrimental consequences: his published prayers turn us toward Hauerwas, rather than God (302–04); he won't talk about God's agency in worship (306–09); and he avoids the ecumenical challenge of Eucharistic division (309–11). "And then there's the real problem," Johnson tells us (311–13). Despite his assertions about the formative power of liturgy, there is "considerable evidence that regular participation in liturgy does not make people virtuous or even more aware of what a virtuous life should be" (311).3
[18] Things hardly seem so desperate in Shuman's account. His essay places Hauerwas into "conversation with some of the [best] literature concerning craft" in order to show that "….for Hauerwas learning and practicing a craft is not merely like moral formation, it is moral formation…." (317). Worship isn't just analogous, it "is a kind of craft in some fairly significant ways" (325, my emphasis). He acknowledges "that regular…. participation in Christian worship is no absolute guarantee of Christian faithfulness" (Shuman, 330), but that doesn't vex him the way it does Johnson.
[19] Thinking from the site of the broken Eucharistic table and failed liturgical formation, Johnson finds Hauerwas considerably wanting. Thinking from the angle of moral formation into a craft, Shuman finds Hauerwas almost entirely confirmed. Nothing shows their difference more than their conclusions: Shuman argues that liturgy forms us for life; Johnson that "….Christian life is preparation for liturgy" (312).
[20] I think Shuman has over-reached, and that Johnson has over-reacted, both in ways that are correctable with some help from our friends the liturgists. First, Shuman should amend this overstatement: "Beyond analogy, Christians who gather are (collectively) apprenticed to a single master, the triune God in whose name they gather" (326). No, this is at best analogy, inasmuch as real apprenticeship is an embodied practice. Peter, Mary, James and John all apprenticed under Jesus beyond analogy; we don't, precisely because formation is a matter of flesh and blood, sweat and tears, language and gesture.
[21] Yet the problem is more than mistaking an analogy for a reality. In making our apprenticeship to the Triune God a matter of learning to imitate Jesus, Shuman construes worship in a way that James Torrance has demonstrated is Unitarian rather than Trinitarian. A Unitarian account of worship imagines that in worship we're over here lobbing our prayers and praises toward the triune God over there. What makes it Unitarian is not whether we understand God to be one person or three hypostases, but the structure of the worshiping relationship: us – God. Trinitarian worship, on the other hand, "is the gift of participating through the Spirit in the incarnate Son's communion with the Father."4 This is precisely the account of worship that Johnson gives in her interpretation of Hauerwas's claims that the church and we can become "God's prayers."5
[22] If Johnson can help correct Shuman's over-reach, perhaps Shuman can return the favor on the matter of worship's failure as formation. Shuman suggests this happens because liturgical formation "demands our assent"; we can resist it (330). True enough, but to say only that underestimates the scope and power of counter-liturgies like capitalism and entertainment, which exist prior to our assent and often beneath our consciousness. Moreover, faith's assent to the formative power of liturgy requires understanding, the kind of practical wisdom offered in fourth-century mystagogia and contemporary catechesis. As liturgist Ed Phillips reminds us, "ritual is inherently ambiguous, and perhaps it is most ambiguous to those who participate in it regularly. Therefore, today, as in the fourth century, the ethical relevance of liturgy must be periodically explained in order for worshipping Christians to make the connection."6
[23] Besides attending to the counter-liturgies that inculcate false gospels, we will also need more attention to the politics of apprenticeship in worship. An example: recently an energetic five-year old and a harried grandmother sat behind me in church. It was a rough morning for both of them, a constant dialectic of his noise-making and her shushing. Rather than a hearty "Thanks be to God" at the end of the service, I heard grandma whisper "thank God next Sunday you'll be in the nursery." My point is simple — that, too, is a type of apprenticeship, and not a good one. A child of the church was being formed to dislike worship rather than offer praise, to listen to shushing commands rather than listen for the words of gospel promise. If liturgy doesn't "work," it may well be that we have expected it to do so apart from intentionality about apprenticeship in its form and substance. Properly formational worship is not something that simply "happens." It requires a reshaping of the politics of baptism, of Lord's Day worship; indeed, it may well require the elimination of the nursery!
[24] In the final paragraphs of his splendid essay on Hauerwas the reader, Chris Huebner concludes that sometimes Hauerwas forgets the fragmentary and unfinished character of his best insights, succumbing to the temptation to explain or offer a sweeping generalization. At such points, Huebner declares, Hauerwas is "speaking in ways that might be described as carelessly articulate" (299, emphasis added). What typically saves him from this careless articulacy, Huebner suggests, are two things: Hauerwas reads charitably, and Hauerwas keeps reading, because "the work of reading is never finished" (299).
[25] Unsettling Arguments is a lovely embodiment of charitable reading. There is no sycophancy here, only the deep respect of taking one's teacher seriously enough to show "him where he might have gotten it wrong" (xvi). What is good for the teacher is also good for his opponents: with respect and care they are read charitably in order to show them, too, where they may have gotten it — not Hauerwas, but the truth of the gospel — wrong. This overall tone can serve a further purpose in the field of Christian ethics, which Sam Wells and Ben Quash recently described by a threefold typology: universal, subversive and ecclesial (Hauerwas fits here). Wells and Quash noted with regret that "some proponents of [the ecclesial] strand have been associated with abrasive, not to say dismissive, regard for the other two strands…."7 Unsettling Arguments is a lovely demonstration that "the mode of polemical stridency"8 is not intrinsic to ecclesial ethics. Instead, an ethic rooted in peaceableness is always irenic in spirit and usually should be in tone.
[26] This review hopes to have avoided "careless articulacy" in its appreciative criticisms of Unsettling Arguments. My arguments here are not a finished reading of the book, only a reduplication of the force of the book itself, which invites us all to keep reading. Keep reading Hauerwas, and with him keep reading theology, Scripture, liturgy, the work of his students, and the signs of the times. Keep reading because the unsettling, justifying gospel is the most interesting Word in all the world.
1. Blackwell Companion to Christian Ethics (Blackwell, 2006), 50.
2. Hannah's Child (Eerdmans, 2010) 196.
3. Here she echoes the point made by Don Saliers in "Afterword: Liturgy and Ethics Revisited," in Anderson and Morrill, eds., Liturgy and the Moral Self: Humanity at Full Stretch before God (Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 1998) 216–18.
4. James B. Torrance, Worship, Community and the Triune God of Grace (IVP, 1996) 20. Mark Searle writes, "It is a fundamental but rarely mentioned truth of the Catholic faith that no one can have access to God except in and through Christ…. In thinking of Christ's mediatorial role, therefore, we should not think of Christ as coming between us and God, as a go-between accentuating our continuing distance from God even as he bridges it. Rather we come to God in Christ, where Christ is the holy ground, the very place of encounter, the way into the abyss of the mystery of God." Called to Participate: Theological, Ritual, and Social Perspectives (Liturgical Press, 2006) 40–41.
5. "This only makes sense as reference to a Trinitarian account of prayer… a person is, through the non-competitive and freedom-making work of the Holy Spirit, joined to the second person of the Trinity, as he offers intercession to God the Father" (309).
6. L. Edward Phillips, "Liturgy and Ethics," in Paul Bradshaw and Bryan Spinks, eds., Liturgy in Dialogue: Essays in Memory of Ronald Jasper (Liturgical Press, 1993) 88–101; 99.
7. Samuel Wells and Ben Quash, Introducing Christian Ethics (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) x–xi.
8. Wells and Quash, Introducing Christian Ethics, xi.
D. Brent Laytham
D. Brent Laytham is Professor of Theology and Ethics at North Park Theological Seminary in Chicago, Illinois.
July 2011 (Volume 11 Issue 4)
Christian Living, Discipleship, and/or Spirituality


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News from the university of law (ulaw) A wide array of domestic and global news stories; news topics include politics/government, business, technology, religion, sports/entertainment, science/nature, and health/lifestyle. Articles that appear in this section may be written in English or other languages
Jump to News Releases:
28 Oct, 2019, 16:38 GMT The University of Law Launches New Bar Practice Course to Increase Accessibility for Aspiring Barristers
The University of Law (ULaw) has announced that it will be launching a new Bar Practice Course (BPC) to replace the existing Bar Professional...
22 Nov, 2018, 15:21 GMT The University of Law Announces Launch of First International Campus in Hong Kong
The University of Law (ULaw), one of the UK's longest established specialist providers of legal education, has today announced its decision to open a ...
09 Aug, 2017, 17:09 BST Charles Russell Speechlys and ULaw Announce Legal Post-grad Scholarship
Leading law firm Charles Russell Speechlys and The University of Law (ULaw) today announce their collaboration to offer a £5,000 scholarship to a...
26 Jul, 2017, 12:58 BST The University Of Law Partners with RPC to Deliver Focused Legal Training
The University of Law (ULaw), the UK's premier specialist provider of legal education, has been chosen as the sole provider of legal training for...
22 Jun, 2017, 17:27 BST The University of Law Awarded Gold Ranking in First Teaching Excellence Framework
The University of Law (ULaw) has today been awarded a gold ranking in the Government led Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF). The TEF panel assessed...
15 Aug, 2016, 15:23 BST The University of Law and Freshfields Partner on Paralegal Apprenticeship Scheme
Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP (Freshfields) has Launched a new Paralegal Apprenticeship Scheme, Which Offers Aspiring Paralegals an Alternative...
10 Aug, 2016, 16:30 BST The University of Law Ranked First for Student Satisfaction in the National Student Survey 2016
- 1st for Overall Student Satisfaction - 97% (joint 1st) - 1st for "Staff are Enthusiastic About What They are Teaching" - 99% - 1st for "Staff are...
19 Jul, 2016, 11:38 BST The University of Law Announces Exclusive Training Partnership With Fladgate
The University of Law (ULaw), the largest and longest established provider of professional legal education, has signed an exclusive three year...
14 Jul, 2016, 09:30 BST The University of Law Offers Free Online Graduate LLB for GDL Students
As part of its recently launched '100% For You' initiative, The University of Law (ULaw) today unveiled a new Graduate LLB programme. Open...
30 Jun, 2016, 13:23 BST ULaw Puts Students First With a New 100% Employment Promise
The University of Law (ULaw) has unveiled a market-changing initiative '100% for You', which puts students firmly at the heart of the organisation...
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Home News England's path to World Cup final at Qatar 2022
England's path to World Cup final at Qatar 2022
News George Holan · April 1, 2022 · 0 Comment
Gareth Southgate's Three Lions squad will be hoping to make it back-to-back finals in major international competitions later this year – and this time go one step better and lift the trophy.
Four years ago England reached the semi-finals of the 2018 World Cup as the upturn in international fortunes began under Southgate, before they went the distance to the final at Euro 2020. Now in Qatar the objective will remain the same, to end the long wait since 1966 for success on the biggest stage.
Three matches in the group phase and then three further knock-out fixtures must be navigated at the finals before the trophy is up for grabs on 18 December at the 80,000-seater Lusail Stadium.
England navigated the qualifiers with ease to reach Qatar, winning eight and drawing two to finish ahead of Poland, Albania, Hungary, Andorra and San Marino. But many of those matches were merely opportunities for Southgate and his coaches to put early plans in place and get an idea of how the team can continue to be built in the pursuit of success this winter.
Here is the route England must now take to reach the World Cup final for the first time in over 50 years, and the sides they'll face along the way.
European Play-Off: Scotland/Ukraine/Wales
If England win Group B:
last-16
The runner-up from Group A, so likely Senegal (over Qatar and Ecuador, with Netherlands favored to finish top), especially as African champions.
The winner of the tie between the winner of Group D and the runner-up of Group C: Likely Franceshould they top their group – ahead of Denmark, Tunisia and Australia/United Arab Emirates/Peru – and then beat one of Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Mexico and Poland.
The winners of Group F and Group H could find their way to the semi-finals to meet England should they get this far, which means a possible semi-final between England and Belgium or Portugal.
A final after navigating their way through the knock-out stages as runner-up could eventually see England play Spain, Germany or Brazil in the end.
If England finish as runner-up in Group B:
The winner from Group A, so likely the netherlands (over Senegal, Qatar or Ecuador).
The winner of the tie between the winner of Group C and the runners-up of Group D: Argentina could emerge to face England here, should they top their group as favorites – over Saudi Arabia, Mexico and Poland – and then eliminate one of Denmark, Peru/Australia/United Arab Emirates and Tunisia.
The winner of Group E and Group G could find their way to the semi-finals to meet England should they get this far, which means a possible semi-final between England and the winner of Spain/Germany and Brazilian.
A final after navigating their way through the knock-out stages as runner-up could eventually see England play France, Belgium or Portugal in the end.
Via Betfair
Brazil: 9/2
French: 11/2
England: 2/13
Spain: 7/1
Germany: 8/1
Belgium: 9/1
Argentina: 9/1
Portugal: 11/1
Netherlands: 14/1
Denmark: 1/22
Wales: 200/1
Scotland: 250/1


The death of Steve Jobs has shaken the world. Only fitting that we let it shake our podcast a little too. But in less gloomy news we'll discuss the new iPhone, vinyl-trimming art, quadruple rainbows, dust catalogues, the Science Museum's new "inventor in residence", and much more.


RvB Ganked Nights – The Holiday Extravaganza!
Winter fast approaches, bringing not only the most awesome expansion in my EVE career (since I joined at Tyrannis) but also bringing us a host of RvB Ganked nights courtesy of Mangala Solaris.
Not content with a Ganked night every few weeks, Mangala is hosting a Ganked night almost weekly until January. What is a Ganked night? A large group of us (70-100) gather in a themed hull (rifters/arty thrashers etc) and run into Nul-sec, shooting anything and everything we can till we die in an awesome fire. Then we do it again. Drunkenness and suiciding of ships is bound to occur!
The schedule and ship types are posted on his blog right HERE but here's a copy-pasta for the lazy.
"The holiday season is nearly upon us, which means plenty of beer and plenty of time for spaceships, which when combined result in hilarious explosions, and there is no better way to partake of these two wonderful gifts than an RVB Ganked roam. Or several in a row!
19th November 2011 – Ganked 6: Judean People's Front. The theme is lasers. Preferably on Amarrian ships, but you can stick them on whatever.
26th November 2011 – Ganked 7: Get back in that kitchen.Anything you want to field, as long as it is battlecruiser sized or smaller.
10th December 2011 – Ganked 8: Viagra+Crucible=Penetration.Destroyer Hulls. Post Crucible buffs.
17th December 2011 – Ganked 9: Chesnuts roasting on an open Fire(tail). Republic Fleet Firetails. Everywhere.
26th December 2001 – Ganked 10: Boxing Battleships. Will we get hotdropped? (if you cant/wont fly a BS come if anything else. Id prefer BS though.
7th January 2012 – Ganked 11: We're going to need a bigger plane. Tier 3 Battlecruisers preferred.
14th January 2012 – Ganked 12: We come for our people. Rifter hulls. Because.
21st January 2012 – Ganked 13: Quack, Quack, Quack.Drakeswarm (and other assorted missile boats).
So join us as we pronounce system names wrong and orbit smartbombing Abaddons at 500 metres in rifters because oops.
The nights are, as usual, open to all and will be using Mumble as voice comms. Join the in-game channel "RvB Ganked" as well as a mailing list also called the same. The first Ganked is this Saturday with LASORZ. Join us in our firey glory.
Posted on November 17, 2011, in RvB. Bookmark the permalink.	4 Comments.
Hey you can't fault me for orbiting a battleship at 500 in a Rifter. How was I supposed to know IT HAD NO GUNS FITTED?
Just show up on the night! Join the "RvB Ganked" chat channel for the information!


Two mobile game apps "Memory" and "Reveal" mediate the active engagement of older adults in a group setting. Both games are adaptable to individual interests, providing a template for exchangeable content. They take into account familiarity with existing board games but have unique and novel interaction mechanisms leveraging the touch screen to its full extent. The games enable a group to play simultaneously, instead of only one person per device, thus encouraging storytelling and social interaction. Both apps were accepted as NTROs.


The Mesoamerican Studies Group will like to invite you to The Social Life of Cacao: A Conversation and Tasting Thursday, March 21, 6:30 p.m. The Graduate Center, CUNY Brockway Room, 6402 Featuring a talk by Dr. Cameron L. McNeil: "The Importance of Cacao among the Pre-Columbian and Modern Maya," and a chocolate tasting at the end, hosted by Mark Christian.
Charles Sumner School, 17th & M Streets, N.W.


After a year in the making, my friend Kasey taught me how to make delicious mashed cauliflower. Kasey and I met through Tracy and is another wonderful person from UNH. I knew she was such such a good person after The Allman Brothers show at Great Woods back in 2005 when she let me sleep in her brother's room due to unpredictable circumstances. (And it was the first time we ever hung out).
Kasey writes an amazing blog, Paleo Days, which has given me a great education while scrolling Facebook. I think her message is awesome and unfortunately or fortunately we know that we have to take care of ourselves. With recipes like mashed cauliflower, she helps make it a little easier. Please take a moment and like Paleo Days on FB to get up on all the knowledge of 2014.
Categories: Featured Item, Fitness and Health, Food and Drink, Misc.


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Home › PRE-ORDERS › Star Wars The Vintage Collection Princess Leia Organa (Bespin Escape) - PRE-ORDER
Star Wars The Vintage Collection Princess Leia Organa (Bespin Escape) - PRE-ORDER
**THIS IS A PRE-ORDER - Product is not due until March 2021**
PRINCESS LEIA ORGANA (BESPIN ESCAPE): Captured in Cloud City by Darth Vader, Princess Leia Organa and Chewbacca were rescued by Lando Calrissian while being led to Vader's ship.
VINTAGE-INSPIRED PACKAGING: Star Wars The Vintage Collection 3.75-inch-scale classic Star Wars figures feature original Kenner branding (Each sold separately. Subject to availability.).
ICONIC STAR WARS FIGURE: This Princess Leia Organa (Bespin Escape) action figure is inspired by the character in Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back, and makes its first-ever appearance in the Vintage Collection line.
PREMIUM DESIGN AND ARTICULATION: Highly poseable with realistic detail, including a photoreal face, the Star Wars Princess Leia Organa (Bespin Escape) figure can be displayed in action figure and vehicle collections.
COLLECTIBLE TOYS: Look for other Star Wars 3.75-inch scale The Vintage Collection figures and vehicles to collect, swap with friends, or give as gifts (Each sold separately. Subject to availability.)
All scheduled shipping dates on pre-orders are estimates and can change at any time. Orders with multiple pre-orders will only ship when everything is in stock so consider placing separate orders to avoid delays.
We cannot part cancel pre-orders, split orders or merge orders.
Shop: 64 High St. Fordingbridge, Hampshire SP6 1AX
Email: sales@allthecoolstuff.co.uk
© 2021 All The Cool Stuff UK


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It's a girl! Gurmeet Choudhary, Debina Bonnerjee welcome their second child
The TV stars welcomed their first baby girl on April 3 this year.
TV stars Gurmeet Choudhary and Debina Bonnerjee continue to embrace parenthood as they welcomed their second child, which is a baby girl, on Friday.
The couple shared the news with their fans on social media and also penned a note. Sharing an adorable picture, they expressed their happiness as they became parents again. They further requested some privacy at this time as their baby was delivered prematurely.
Read Also: It's a girl! Gurmeet Choudhary, Debina Bonnerjee welcome their second child
Have a look at the post here:
A post shared by Gurmeet Choudhary (@guruchoudhary)
Soon after the announcement, wishes poured in for the couple and celebrities like Sonu Sood, Asees Kaur, Maahi Vij, Himansh Kohli, Ihana Dhillon, Karan Singh Chhabra, Sana Khan, Bharti Singh, and others.
Gurmeet and Debina welcomed their first baby girl on April 3 this year. The actors are avid social media users and keep sharing their lives with their fans. Bonnerjee also runs a YouTube channel by the name Debina Decodes wherein she shared her pregnancy and fitness journey.
Bonnerjee also shared their pregnancy photoshoots recently and wooed their fans.
A post shared by Debina Bonnerjee (@debinabon)
Gurmeet Choudhary and Debina Bonnerjee rose to prominence after they played Rama and Sita in Ramayana. The couple fell head over heels in love with each other during the mythological show and tied the know later.
They also appeared together in the dance reality show Nach Baliye on Star Plus.
Meanwhile, Alia Bhatt and Ranbir Kapoor also welcomed a baby girl on November 6. Bhatt delivered her first child at Mumbai's Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre.
A post shared by Alia Bhatt 💛 (@aliaabhatt)
Apart from them, Bipasha Basu and Karan Singh Grover are also soon-to-be parents. Basu announced her pregnancy in August this year. The couple shared a steamy picture from their maternity shoot and broke the internet.
Read Also: Who is Ayesha Omar? All about Pakistani actor rumoured to be reason for Sania Mirza-Shoaib Malik separation
The actor also shared a heartwarming caption along with the picture and said she is stepping into a new phase of life while also reflecting upon her life from being an individual to being in a relationship with her partner.
A post shared by Bipasha Basu (@bipashabasu)
Arvind Kejriwal 10 promises ahead of Delhi Civic polls, promises corruption-free MCD
Related Topics:Debina Bonnerjeedebina bonnerjee gurmeet choudhary daughtergirl babyGurmeet Choudhary
Kasautii Zindagii Kay actor Siddhaanth Surryavanshi dies while working out at gym
Who is Ayesha Omar? All about Pakistani actor rumoured to be reason for Sania Mirza-Shoaib Malik separation
Gurmeet Choudhary, Debina Bonnerjee reveal name of their newborn daughter, its meaning in an adorable way
From Bipasha Basu-Karan Singh Grover to Debina Bonnerjee-Gurmeet Choudhary, celebrities who surprised fans with their pregnancy
It's a girl! Television's Ram Sita aka Gurmeet Choudhary, Debina Bonnerjee share first glimpse of their newborn
Gurmeet Choudhary, Debina Bonnerjee to welcome their first child after 10 years of marriage
Bigg Boss 16 contestant Priyanka Chahar Choudhary, who enjoys a massive fan following, has reportedly bagged a film with Shah Rukh Khan. If it's true, the Udaariyan actor will be making her big Bollywood debut in Rajkumar Hirani's Dunki.
There are reports that Salman Khan has helped Priyanka bag a role in Dunki, also starring Taapsee Pannu. According to Bollywood Life, makers have already contacted Priyanka's team.
Reportedly, director Rajkumar Hirani was looking for a girl who had a Punjabi background as the film is about the illegal immigration of Punjabis in countries like the US and Canada. And now it seems Salman Khan has recommended the director to consider for the role. Priyanka is from Chandigarh and has a strong dialect of the language.
The news of her roping in for Dunki comes after Salman Khan, in one of the episodes of Bigg Boss 16, expressed his desire to meet her outside the BB house and told her something exciting is waiting for her outside. The buzz got stronger as Bigg Boss 13 contestant Shehnaaz Gill is also going to make her Bollywood debut opposite Salman Khan in his upcoming film, Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan.
Read Also: Priyanka Chopra finally shows daughter Malti Marie's face for the first time | See Pics
Dunki has already gone on floors and is expected to release this year. The film will mark Rajkumar's comeback to films since the #MeToo allegation against him.
Earlier Salman Khan also called Priyanka the Heroine material. He also said Priyanka has potential, and if he gets a chance, he would like to work with Priyanka. Her future is bright, she deserves to be a top actor.
Meanwhile, Shah Rukh Khan is currently riding high on the success of Pathaan. The film has grossed Rs 542 crore worldwide in five days.
The trailer of the comedy-thriller Netflix film Murder Mystery 2 is finally out and the internet cannot keep calm as Jennifer Aniston is shining in Manish Malhotra's embellished lehenga.
Aniston wore a stunning ivory lehenga designed by Manish Malhotra in the trailer and fans are smitten. The star is seen in a desi avatar for the first time ever and the celebration is obvious. With her, Adam Sandler is also grabbing eyeballs as he compliments Aniston in an ivory sherwani.
She paired her embellished lehenga with a pair of chandbalis and a sheer embroidered dupatta. She opted for a messy bun with bangs in front which complemented the Indian-White wedding.
Murder Mystery 2 trailer
Murder Mystery 2 will see the murder of maharaja which will be solved by Nick and Audrey, played by Sandler and Aniston. The trailer shows them arriving at a lavish big fat wedding on a private island which goes south after the groom gets murdered. The duo then decides to take things into their hands and turn in full-time detectives to find the killer.
Read Also: Bigg Boss 16: Priyanka Chahar Choudhary to make Bollywood debut with Shah Rukh Khan's Dunki? Deets Inside
Watch the trailer here:
A post shared by Jennifer Aniston (@jenniferaniston)
Jennifer Aniston and Adam Sandler are reuniting after the success of Murder Mystery Part 1 and Just Go With It. Directed by Jeremy Garelick and written by James Vanderbilt, the film will release on March 31.
This is not the first time when a Hollywood film showcased Indian attire and culture. Earlier, Sarah Jessica Parker was also seen in a lehenga in Sex and the City revival. However, it didn't go well with the Indian audience as Parker called it a saree and not a lehenga which irked fashionistas in India. She wore a Falguni Shane Peacock lehenga in a combination of maroon and cobalt blue. Ir featured resham work with cheque patterns on the full-sleeved blouse.
Singer-actor Diljit Dosanjh has been roped in for the upcoming comedy film The Crew, which also stars Kareena Kapoor Khan, Tabu, and Kriti Sanon. Diljit and Kareena, who have earlier shared screen space in Udta Punjab and Good Newwz, will now be coming together for the third time.
Diljit has joined the cast of The Crew to add a crisp of laughter and humour. Kareena Kapoor took to Instagram on Tuesday to show her excitement over the Soorma actor's addition to the project.
Diljit has made an enormously profound impact with his acclaimed stellar performances in both Punjabi and Bollywood films after becoming a global sensation with his blockbuster music. And now, he's collaborating with this spunky trio to take us on a laugh-filled adventure with The Crew.
Gushing over Diljit's addition to the project, co-producer Rhea Kapoor said that they are thrilled to have Diljit join the cast considering his discerning eye for quality projects. This film has always had a special destiny, it's unlike any entertainer you have seen before. She further said that she and the cast are excited to provide audiences with an exciting and memorable cinematic experience.
Helmed by Rajesh Krishnan and bankrolled by Rhea Kapoor and Ekta Kapoor, the much-awaited film, The Crew, is set against the backdrop of the struggling airline industry.
The story focuses on three ladies who work hard and struggle to succeed in life. However, when they attempt to go forward, their destinies bring them into some unexpected and unwanted circumstances, trapping them in a web of lies. The film is set to go on floors from the end of March 2023
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Students from an Israeli high school who visited the site of the former Auschwitz concentration camp said they will apologise after a member of their delegation spray-painted graffiti on a wall at the site.
The graffiti discovered in recent days on the wall of a cell block included the date of the visit, the name of the school and a Star of David, Ynet reported. Photos of the graffiti have been circulating on social media in recent days, according to reports.
The school identified in the graffiti, Ort Rogozin in Migdal HaEmek, sent a delegation of 80 students to visit the site late last month.
A student who was part of the delegation told Ynet: "This is an inappropriate act that hurts us all. It goes against all of the values our delegation believes in. We went there to remember and hear the stories and show presence of students from Israel. Each of the students treats this as if he or she had done it. We've taken this to heart.
The graffiti was first reported by Israel's Channel 2, which also said Hebrew graffiti was discovered recently at the site of the Treblinka camp.