Until recently I believed that Twitter was a very odd pastime for people who were narcissistic or lonely. That was until my friend Kelli Brown who's a Twitter expert gave me a few tips. The truth is that I already believed there might be some value in Twitter a year ago – that's when I started my first twitter account, on the advice of my friend Mayer Reich at RankAbove. At that time I took a very popular website that had a lot of updates on a daily basis, but did not have a twitter account. I made a twitter account with their name and then used TwitterFeed to automatically feed updates from the sites RSS directly to the twitter account. That was about a a year ago – now I have over 45,000 followers. Seriously. I haven't made any money from this yet – well maybe $20 from ad clicks… By the way – I get tens of messages daily from this account and I don't exactly know what to do. I suspect that the company itself probably wants to control the twitter account that I created for them. The problem is that if they try to contact me via a direct message I won't read it because I have hundreds of messages waiting to be read, oh well….
In the realm of Friends and Followers I can only make sense of people who are careful about who they follow and keep their group of "friends" very relevant to them. In this realm I see Twitter as a way to listen in to what your circle of friends is saying – a little like being on an email list where people share links and short thoughts – but with more latitude.
As far as Realtime Information – this is where I see the real value. Google is no doubt a great search engine, but Twitter adds 2 very important things that Google misses out (so far).
Google tells you what websites say, it includes some news and blogs and even shopping, but its not "regular people" who don't have a website or a blog. Google is really fast – we have seen them cache pages in a minute or so, but for most searches – the results on Google seem to be months old.
Say you wanted to take a vacation to Italy – if you search on Google you will see tour companies and official sites. Try searching on Twitter. Now you see tweets about renting a houseboat in Venice, staying at a cottage, etc. Twitter gets you past the corporate sites and down to real people. Even when you end up on a corporate site via Twitter, your chances of having a real person to answer questions is very high.
So, for me, Twitter is a reflection of what real people are saying right now.
Now imagine interacting with real people, right now – you can ask them questions – make them offers – communicate with them. And they opt in to your conversation, either by following you or by searching a term that you tweeted about.


#WMHD2015 Blog Series: What does "dignity in mental health" mean to you?
Every year, on October 10th, the global community comes together to celebrate World Mental Health Day. Started in 1992 as an annual activity for the World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH), it has become one of the most recognized education and advocacy initiatives globally.1 The overall objective is to raise awareness around mental health issues and advocate for greater support for mental health. This day provides the perfect opportunity for stakeholders and supporters to share their perspectives and experiences, and to advocate for better care and services for people with mental health problems and their families.
This year, the WFMH has chosen the theme "Dignity in Mental Health" with the aim being "to show the ways in which dignity can be provided in all aspects of mental health, ranging from care for patients/consumers to the attitudes of the general public".2 Given that there are still many people with mental illness subjected to human rights violations, inhumane and degrading treatment, and are stigmatised and marginalised because of their illness and experiences, globally, the MHIN team could not agree more with the importance of marking this year's World Mental Health Day with this theme.
How do we define dignity?
Since our call for entries, we have received an overwhelming number of responses answering what dignity means. This also validated our thoughts that there are indeed many ways of defining dignity. We're really excited to share these thoughts with you and like last year's month long World Mental Health Day blog series, we will be posting engaging responses from a diverse range of individuals who chose to share their perspectives on what dignity means to them.
If you didn't have a chance to submit a response but are keen to get involved, we encourage you to join the conversation in the comments section of the World Mental Health Day entries in the MHIN blog and through our social media channels (Facebook: /mhinnovation Twitter: @mhinnovation) using the hashtags #WMHDay and #WMHD2015.
Images courtesy of Valentina Iemmi. Copyright © 2015 Valentina Iemmi. All rights reserved.


In the Debian bugtracking system: Bug 720902.
In Mitre's CVE dictionary: CVE-2013-4152.
Alvaro Munoz discovered a XML External Entity (XXE) injection in the Spring Framework which can be used for conducting CSRF and DoS attacks on other sites.
It was also identified that Spring MVC processed user provided XML with JAXB in combination with a StAX XMLInputFactory without disabling external entity resolution. External entity resolution has been disabled in this case.
For the stable distribution (wheezy), this problem has been fixed in version 3.0.6.RELEASE-6+deb7u1.
For the unstable distribution (sid), this problem has been fixed in version 3.0.6.RELEASE-10.
We recommend that you upgrade your libspring-java packages.


text:
info@lugville.com
Whats in your gig bag?
Endorsement application
Emma Lane
Home / Emma Lane
Emma Lane grew up in a musical family performing since she was 16 in her father's rock band, covering rock n' roll greats like Led Zeppelin, Heart, Janis Joplin, and Pat Benatar. Through the years she floated in and out of bands and began writing her own songs and work as a solo act.
Starting from the ground up, Lane immediately caught the eye of Frettie, a national songwriting community that named her songwriter of the month in March of 2013, before her debut ep came out.
Before long, Emma was invited down to Nashville to record her debut ep "Noise from the Basement," penned by Lane, which led to 6 national nominations for her vocals and songwriting in 2014, winning Best Country Recording for her first single "At the Crossroads." This led to regional, national, and international radio air play, playing 100 shows a year and traveling the U.S. to perform at music conferences such as Millenium Music Fest, SS Cape May and the famed SXSW for rising indie musicians.
Through social media and her own marketing, Lane perked the ears of BMI award winning, hit songwriter, Kristy Jackson ofFever Pitch Publishing, who is responsible for Reba McEntires hit, "Take It Back." Together, the two wrote Lane's current single "Little Bit of Somethin'". Staying true to her back to basics roots, a behind-the-scenes music video was also released for the single. "Little Bit of Somethin'" also led to multiple tv and radio appearances, press, and landed Lane, with an endorsement deal with Clayton USA
Check out more about Emma here.
© LUGVILLE 2018
Copyright All Rights Reserved Developed by Ebridge Tech

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


CTSGlobalCamera is a free to try software. You can free download and try it for an evaluation period.
A webcam is a video capture device connected to a computer or computer network, often using a USB port or, if connected to a network, ethernet or Wi-Fi. The most popular use is for videotelephony, permitting a computer to act as a videophone or video conferencing station. This can be used in messenger programs such as Windows Live Messenger, Skype and Yahoo! messenger services. Other popular uses, which include the recording of video files or even still-images, are accessible via numerous software programs, applications and devices. Webcams are known for low manufacturing costs and flexibility, making them the lowest cost form of videotelephony. The term 'webcam' may also be used in its original sense of a video camera connected to the Web continuously for an indefinite time, rather than for a particular session, generally supplying a view for anyone who visits its web page over the Internet. Some of these, for example those used as online traffic cameras, are expensive, rugged professional video cameras.


Informationen zum primark Store Krefeld, anschrift: primark Filiale Krefeld, rheinstraße 85 47798. Januar 2017 By vos Reply weiterlesen Übersicht der Öffnungszeiten der Geschäfte an Weihnachten (24. Bitte beachtet jedoch, dass. Freitag:.30 bis.00 Uhr, samstag:.30 bis.00 Uhr verkaufsoffener Sonntag..
Schmalkaldic League but by 1546 squabbles between troops of the Schmalkaldic League and those of the Emperor Charles V escalated into battles that were won by the Emperor. He was also elected to the Reichstag from 1933 on and pushed hard for the Gleichschaltung of the Heilbronn clubs and press in Nazi Germany. To this day Protestants are in the majority in Heilbronn. For State elections to the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg Heilbronn makes up an electoral district (District 18) together with Erlenbach. 2 Einzelbetten, 1 großer Schrank, 4 kleine Unterschränke, 3 Stühle und 12 m Teppich 1 Doppelbett, 1 Couch, 4 Stühle, 1 Sessel, 1 Bank und 2 Tische. The Neckar privilege gave the city the right to modify the flow of the river in 1333, which meant it now had the right to construct dams, harbors and mills. In 1631 Heilbronn was occupied by imperial troops but the same year the Swedes succeeded in conquering the city. Around 1050 an important Jewish community was mentioned that had settled in what became known as the Judengasse ( Lohtorstraße ). April 1923 Ruins in Heilbronn in 1945.
Recyclinghof Frankenbach Würzburger Straße Würzburger Straße Heilbronn.
Sperrmüll : Richtiges Entsorgen schont die Umwelt!
At the same time the previously independent communities of Böckingen, Sontheim, and Neckargartach were annexed, and with ernst august prinz von hannover jun 72,000 residents Heilbronn then was the second largest city in Württemberg. Kunststoffteile wie Dachrinnen, Rohre, Spülkästen und Badewannen. Hier finden Sie einen Recyclinghof in Ihrer Nähe: Öffnungszeiten Montags.0019.00 Uhr Dienstags.0019.00 Uhr Mittwochs.0019.00 Uhr Donnerstags.0019.00 Uhr Freitags.0019.00 Uhr Samstags.0014.30 Uhr Das Entgelt für die Anlieferung von Abfällen beträgt 114,33 Euro pro.000 Kilogramm (Tarifperiode 2019/20). Sperrmüll per Express, wer es besonders eilig hat, kann eine Abfuhr per Express bestellen. Starting with the fall semester on September 1, 2005 the Fachhochschule was awarded the status of a Hochschule. When the first train lines were placed in service in Württemberg, Heilbronn was at the end of the line of the northern branch that connected Heilbronn with Stuttgart and further fueled industrialization. Between the 4th and 7th centuries, the area became part of the Frankish Empire, and the first settlement was built in the general vicinity of the present center of town. Sortieren Sie bitte nach folgenden Kriterien: Sperrmüll ohne oder mit geringem Holzanteil. Their leader Rohrbach was executed on May 21, 1525 in Neckargartach and his home town of Böckingen was partially burnt to the ground in punishment. Astronomical clock at City Hall. Dabei entsorgen wir neben Sperrmüll auch Elektrogeräte, Alttextilien und Hausmüll. Contents, geography edit, heilbronn is located in the northern corner of the.


Four days. 100km. One large, hot desert. 17 remarkable people.
Those are the numbers that tell just one part of the Sahara Trek I've just returned from, on behalf of The Brain Tumour Charity.
Morocco to many people is Marrakesh or Casablanca: all souks, kasbahs, bazaars and tagines. It is, of course, so much more.
All the people I met were warm and friendly, and accepting of Europeans.
The country is almost exclusively Muslim – and thus quite conservative – with Arabic and Berber the most widely-spoken languages, although I got by comfortably in French.
The mountains are a major feature of the country – the Atlas range being the most famous, but also the Rif and the Anti-Atlas, that borders the part of the Sahara we visited.
A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.
Ah yes, the desert! The first thing we discovered is that – in Morocco at least – the Sahara does not necessarily mean miles and miles of rolling sand dunes.
Yes, the dunes exist (see image above), and it's tough to walk on, but more often than not, the terrain was simply dry and barren.
Volcanic rock is a common hazard deposited around 600,000 years ago by the now-extinct Azrou volcanic field.
Similarly dry, cracked river beds are in abundance. They do flood on occasion, but rain is rare in Morocco.
There are small bushes and trees in the desert too. Some stand solitary, while others can be part of a larger, lusher selection (see below).
Ultimately, though, the scenery is – quite figuratively – spectacular. I don't use the word lightly.
The 360-degree views were stunning. Mountains, blue skies and a totally unspoilt vista.
It was also noticeable that we barely met anyone else while trekking. This really wasn't a tourist trail, unlike – for example – Mount Everest.
Night-time was cold – with a capital C. Within minutes of the sun going down, the temperature plummeted. Obvious, you may think, but in comparison to the high-20s during the daytime, it can come as a shock.
And the stars! Oh my goodness, the stars. Living in industrialised countries, we forget quite how pervasive electricity is, even at 2am.
In the Sahara, there is barely any electricity. No streetlamps. No lightbulbs. No TVs. And no ambient light to 'pollute' the night sky.
I have almost never seen such a sky. The stars are always there, but we just never normally see them.
No trip of this kind would be complete without those who complete it with you.
The other trekkers were to a person wonderful. Walking with people who are living with a brain tumour, who are directly affected or who have lost someone is hugely humbling.
I laughed. I cried. I listened and I heard the most touching and moving stories.
And we all did it together. We all helped each other. Through the difficult moments. The blisters. The times when it felt as if it would be easier to stop.
And we did it all because we believed in a common goal. That we will find a cure for brain tumours and help those affected by this terrible disease.
Many of you will have heard of Hans Rosling. He was an eminent Swedish public health physician and lecturer who came to public attention through a number of TED talks he gave, explaining how little most of us (in the Western world, anyway) really know about the world.
Sadly, Rosling died in February 2017, but his legacy lives on in his book Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About The World, co-written with his son Ola and daughter-in-law Anna.
The news of the death of Tessa Jowell on Saturday from a brain tumour was greeted by an outpouring of affection. The tributes were to a woman who – above all – was thoroughly decent, warm, friendly and principled and who had gained respect and admiration from all sides of the political spectrum.
Her career saw many notable moments, including advancing equal pay for women, the SureStart programme for children and, of course, bringing the Olympics to London in 2012.
But her lasting achievement may turn out to be what she managed to achieve in the final months of her life, influencing the government to speed up and change its course on the treatment and research into brain tumours.
As someone who works for The Brain Tumour Charity I am inevitably biassed, but we have been astonished at the speed at which things changed as a result of Tessa Jowell's intervention into this area.
Many of the decisions that have been and are being taken by the UK Government are on things that we – as a charity – have been advocating for a considerable time.


text:
A2 Ethniki Volleyball or Greek A2 Volleyball League is the third-tier of the Greek volleyball championship system in Greece. It used to be the second-tier until the founding of the Pre-league tier replacing A2 as the second tier making A2 the third one, since 2019. It was founded in 1988. The winner teams promoted to A1 Ethniki Volleyball. The championship is held in three groups of teams. The winner of each group plays in a play-off championship and the two best teams of play-off promoted to A1 Ethniki. The recent season, the winners are AEK Athens and AE Komotinis

Winners

1988–2017

2018–today

Performance by club

Current teams
The clubs taking part in the 2017–18 league are:

References

External links
Greek Volleyball Federation

Volleyball in Greece
Greece men2
Professional sports leagues in Greece

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


C23691 – Lb – Advertising Contract Sample Luxury 6 Advertising Contract. Sample Social Media Marketing Agreement Free Download. Sample Social Media Marketing Agreement Free Download. Free Printable Facility Stadium Advertising Agreement. Cross Promotion Proposal Template. Houston Advertising Contract Template Free Download. 7 Contractor Agreement Sample. 7 advertising contractReport Template Document.
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Nykaa launched Unicorn Potion range sometime back and I immediately bought two shades from this range. Although Nykaa describes this as 'Holographic' polish, these are NOT holographic in any sense. A couple of shades may be duochrome but none of them is Holographic. For the record, THIS is a true Holographic polish. I have reviewed a gorgeous lavender-blue duochrome shade- Frosted Fairy from this range HERE and in this post I am reviewing the shade Mystical Mermaid.
Product description: Be a mermaid and makes waves with our Nykaa Unicorn Potion Nail Enamel in Mystical Mermaid. This stunning blue shade is formulated with iridescent pink and silver pearls that give your pinkies an ocean-inspired holographic effect. Dip your pinkies in this magnificent shade and blow some kisses!
Like all Nykaa Nail Enamel, Unicorn Potion range comes in sleek rectangular packaging with brand name at front and product details at the back.
Unicorn Potion Nail enamel range has an interesting packaging with elongated and pointed cap (copy of Louboutin nailpolish?). The rose gold color of the cap with chrome finish is attractive. The pointed cap makes it bit difficult to store compactly, but otherwise the packaging is stunning and looks quite fancy.
The shade name is stickered along the side.
Mystical Mermaid is a surf-blue color with slight pink iridescence. It has blue and pink microshimmer which gives an overall pearl effect. This is a soft color and looks really subtle and pretty. All the shades in this range have a blue shimmer shift which is visible from different angles.
The consistency of this nailpolish is on the sheer side and needs 3 coats for full coverage. I like to wear this nailpolish on its own without any base color. Wearing a white/ black base color will change the color of the nailpolish.
There is a slight streaking so you have to apply carefully.
The brush is long and picks enough quantity for one coat application.
Staying power for these nailpolish is amazing and lasted 5 days with minor chipping on my hands.


Sep 24, 1998 - Eldex Laboratories, Inc.
First liquid pumping apparatus for containing a first quantity of first liquid, second liquid pumping apparatus for containing a second quantity of second liquid and control apparatus for alternately connecting the first liquid pumping apparatus and second liquid pumping apparatus to pressurized liquid utilization apparatus and for causing the first and second liquid pumping apparatus to alternately deliver the respective liquids to the liquid utilization apparatus at a substantially constant flow or substantially constant pressure; the first and second liquids may be the same liquid or different liquids.
This invention relates generally to apparatus for alternately delivering pre-pressurized first and second liquids to liquid utilization apparatus at either a constant flow or at a constant pressure, and more particularly relates to apparatus for alternately delivering pre-pressurized solvent and pre-pressurized wash at a constant flow to a liquid system.
With regard to liquid chromatography, typical prior art liquid delivery or pumping apparatus for delivering pressurized (typically referred to in the art as pre-pressurized) solvent to a liquid chromatography system for elution typically utilizes a syringe pump for delivering the pre-pressurized solvent to the liquid chromatography system. The typical prior art syringe pump includes a cylinder, piston and associated accessories for operation. The syringe pump cylinder contains a limited quantity of solvent which is pressurized and expelled to the liquid chromatography system upon being connected thereto. This is inherently a batch operation, and upon the limited quantity of solvent in the syringe pump being expelled, the syringe pump must be de-pressurized, refilled and re-pre-pressurized to deliver further solvent to the liquid chromatography system, and this causes the liquid chromatography system to be pressurized, de-pressurized and re-pressurized. This problem of pressurization, de-pressurization and re-pressurization associated with liquid chromatography systems is further compounded when a limited quantity of pressurized solvent is delivered to the system, the system is de-pressurized, a limited quantity of pre-pressurized wash is delivered to the system, the system is de-pressurized and pressurized solvent is again delivered to the system and these operations are further repeated. The major disadvantage to these batch operations is that they can be undesirably time consuming and another major disadvantage is that you expose the liquid chromatography system to continual pressurization, de-pressurization and re-pressurization cycles which is believed, at least to a certain extent, to damage or shorten the life of the liquid chromatography system components, particularly the liquid chromatography column.
Numerous pumping systems and apparatus, particularly those including syringe pumps, are known to the prior art for delivering pressurized solvent to liquid chromatography apparatus systems under isocratic and/or gradient elusion conditions. U.S. Pat. No. 4,347,131 issued Aug. 31, 1982 to Robert Brownlee discloses a liquid chromatographic pump module for liquid chromatography for delivering the mobile phase to a separation column under high pressure and which includes a cylinder containing a plunger forming a syringe pump with a seal disposed between the plunger and the cylinder and which further includes two positive action valves for connecting the output of the pump to either a reservoir of the mobile phase or to a sample injection valve. This patent is hereby incorporated herein as if fully reproduced herein. U.S. Pat. No. 5,637,208 issued Jan. 10, 1997 to Theodore A. Dourdeville discloses a solvent pumping system for chromatography and for continuously delivering fluid at a selected flow rate to a receiving system such as a high-performance liquid chromatography system. The solvent pumping system includes first and second liquid pumping units each comprising a syringe and a valve. The first and second liquid pumping units are in fluid communication with one another and are capable of independent actuation. The individual valves are arranged to isolate either the first syringe or the second syringe, respectively, from the receiving system while at least one of the syringes remains in fluid communication with the receiving system whereby system pressure can be continuously monitored and the selected system flow rate maintained. The pumping system includes a controller which receives inputs from first and second pressure sensors, associated respectively with the first and second liquid pumping units and the controller activates in response to the inputs of the first and second syringes individually and also activates the first and second valves individually such that when fluid communication is established between the isolated syringe and the receiving system substantially no system flow error is said to be produced. The pressure sensor is positioned within each pumping unit permitting a pumping unit which has been refilled off line to perform compression of its cylinder contents without perturbation of the on-line process and which further permits discrimination of the point in the compression cycle where compression has been completed and fluid delivery to the system will commenced.
Another syringe or syringe-type pumping system for delivering solvent to a liquid chromatography system is the Micropro Dual Gradient Pump Model No. HPLC2g available from Eldex Laboratories, Inc., 30 Executive Court, Napa, Calif. 94558-6278, the assignee of the present invention.
Although at least certain of the above-noted prior art syringe pumps for delivering pressurized solvent to a liquid chromatography system for elution are presently commercially acceptable and have worked reasonably well, there still exists a need in the art for a new and improved apparatus which can be embodied as apparatus for alternately delivering pre-pressurized solvent and pre-pressurized wash to a liquid chromatography system at a substantially constant flow and wherein the system experiences substantially no de-pressurization and re-pressurization in switching from the solvent to the wash and back to the solvent.
It is the object of the present invention to satisfy the foregoing need in the art.
Apparatus satisfying the foregoing need and embodying the present invention may include first pumping apparatus for containing a first quantity of first liquid, second liquid pumping apparatus for containing a second quantity of second liquid and control apparatus for alternately connecting the first pumping apparatus and second liquid pumping apparatus to liquid utilization apparatus and for causing the first and second liquid pumping apparatus to alternately deliver the respective liquids to a liquid utilization apparatus.
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatical illustration of a central processing unit which may be included in the apparatus embodying the present invention and which figure illustrates the inputs and outputs to and from the central processing unit with respect to the other elements comprising the apparatus of the present invention.
The present invention, by way of example and not by way of limitation, will be described embodied as apparatus including syringe pumps operated to alternately deliver pre-pressurized solvent and a pre-pressurized wash to a liquid chromatography system at a substantially constant flow. Although wash and solvent liquids are illustratively described, any liquids that are useful in performing liquid chromatography or similar processes may be used.
Referring now in detail to FIGS. 1-4, apparatus embodying the present invention is indicated by general numerical designation 10 and includes a primary or first syringe pump indicated by general numerical designation 12, a second syringe pump indicated by general numerical designation 14, a first rotary valve indicated by general numerical designation 16, a second rotary valve indicated by general numerical designation 18, a switching valve indicated by general numerical designation 20, an on-off valve 21, a first transducer 23, a second transducer 24, and a T-connection 25. It will be generally understood that the apparatus 10 alternately connects the primary syringe pump 12 and syringe pump 14 to the liquid chromatography system indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 1 by general numerical designation 26 so as to cause the two syringe pumps to alternately deliver pre-pressurized solvent and a pre-pressurized wash to the liquid chromatography system at a substantially constant flow. It will be understood that the liquid chromatography system 26 includes a liquid chromatography column not shown.
The syringe pump 12 may be, for example, the single syringe pump 28 disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,347,131 incorporated hereinabove, the single or double syringe or syringe pumps disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,637,208 incorporated hereinabove, the Micropro Dual Gradient Pump Model HPLC2g available from Eldex Laboratories, Inc. referred to hereinabove, or other suitable liquid delivery means or liquid pumping means known to the art. Diagrammatically, or illustratively, it will be understood that the syringe pump 12 includes a cylinder 28 and a plunger 29 mounted for slidable reciprocal movement into and out of the cylinder to pre-pressurize and expel solvent 30 (a liquid) and to draw the solvent 30 into the cylinder from a suitable solvent supply or reservoir 31 as described below. The syringe pump 14 may be, for example, the syringe pump 28 disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,347,131 incorporated herein or the single syringe or syringe pump disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,637,208 incorporated herein or other suitable syringe pumps of the type known to the art. Diagrammatically, or illustratively, it will be understood that syringe pump 14 includes a cylinder 32 and a plunger 33 mounted for sliding reciprocal movement into and out of the cylinder to pre-pressurize and expel wash 34 (a liquid) and to draw the wash 34 into the cylinder as described below. It will be understood, and as is known to those skilled in the art, that such syringe pumps may be operated to provide liquid at either a constant flow or at a constant pressure. Accordingly, it will be understood that apparatus embodying the present invention can be seen to alternatively supply pre-pressurized solvent and pre-pressurized wash to a liquid chromatography system at a constant pressure.
Rotary valves 16 and 18 may be, for example, rotary valve Model C2-2006 available from Valco Instruments, Inc., Houston, Tex. 77255 and which rotary valve includes a stationary, hollow, outer cylinder providing six ports and an inner rotor residing rotatably in the cylinder and providing three internal liquid paths; alternatively, the rotary valves 16 and 18 may be other rotary valves known to the art which include an outer cylinder providing a plurality of liquid ports and an inner rotor providing a plurality of internal fluid paths and which valves may be structured, or their structures modified, in accordance with the present invention. Accordingly, it will be understood that rotary valve 16 includes a stationary, hollow, outer cylinder 38 and an inner rotor 40 and that rotary valve 18 includes a stationary, hollow, outer cylinder 42 and an inner rotor 44 resident rotatably within an outer cylinder 42. It will be understood that in the present invention the outer cylinder 38 of rotary valve 16 is only required to have four ports, ports 41, 42 and 43, and that in the event a commercially available rotary valve is used having six ports opposed ports 45 and 46 will be suitably plugged for non-use by respective plugs 47 and 48. Similarly, in the present invention, the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18 is only required to have five ports, ports 51, 52, 53, 54 and 55, and if a commercially available rotary valve is used including an outer cylinder including six ports, the sixth port, port 56, will be suitably plugged such as by plug 57. Rotor 40 of rotary valve 16 in the present invention is only required to have two internal liquid paths, internal liquid paths 61 and 62, and hence if a commercially available rotary valve having more than two internal paths is used for rotary valve 16, the rotor will be modified or replaced as shown to include only the two internal liquid paths 61 and 62. The inner rotor 44 of rotary valve 18 in the present invention includes three internal liquid paths 64, 65 and 66.
The switching valve 20 may be, for example, switching valve Model PNLBT032 available from Neptune Research Inc. of West Caldwell, N.J. 07006 or other suitable switching valves known to the art. Switching valve 20 includes a first port 71 connected to waste, a second port 72 connected by liquid transmission line 73 to the port 44 formed in the outer cylinder 38 of rotary valve 16 and a third port 75 connected by liquid transmission line 76 to a suitable wash reservoir 77 containing suitable wash (a liquid) 34.
Transducers 23 and 24 may be a suitable transducer of the type known to the art for sensing the pressure in a liquid and for providing a signal indicative of the pressure sensed.
The pressurized solvent output of the syringe pump 12, indicated diagrammatically by numeral 80, is connected through on-off valve 21, transducer 23 and liquid transmission line 81 to the port 51 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18. The pressurized liquid output of syringe pump 14 is indicated diagrammatically by numeral 82 and the output of syringe 14 is connected to the port 53 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18 through the liquid transmission line 83, transducer 24, the liquid transmission line 84, the through connection of the T-connection 25, and liquid transmission line 85. The output of the syringe pump 14 is also connected to the port 41 provided in the outer cylinder 38 of the rotary valve 16 through liquid transmission line 83, transducer 24, liquid transmission line 84, the lateral connection of the T-connection 25 and liquid transmission line 87. The port 42 formed in the outer cylinder 38 of rotary valve 16 is connected to the port 55 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18 by liquid transmission line 88 and the port 43 formed in the outer cylinder 38 of rotary valve 16 is connected to the port 54 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18 by liquid transmission line 89. The port 52 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18 is connected to a liquid chromatography system 26 by the liquid transmission line 87.
Referring to FIG. 5, the apparatus 10 includes a suitable central processing unit indicated diagrammatically by general numerical designation 92; it will be understood that the central processing unit 92 may be any one of several central processing units known to the art containing a stored program, sometimes referred to in the art as a user file, for operating the other components or elements of the apparatus 10 as described in detail below. Central processing unit 92 will be provided with suitable input signals from the transducers 23 and 24 indicative of the actual running pressure, respectively, of the pressurized wash output 80 from the primary syringe pump 12 and the pressurized solvent output 82 from the syringe pump 14. The central processing unit 92 will provide suitable outputs to operate the primary syringe pump 12, syringe pump 14, rotary valve 16, rotary valve 18, switching valve 20 and on-off valve 21 in the manner described in detail below. The primary syringe pump 12 and syringe pump 14 may each, in the manner known to the art, include a suitable step or stepping motor for operating the syringe pumps in the manner known to the art and in the manner set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,347,131 with regard to the operation of the syringe pump 10 by the stepping motor 30 under the control of the central processing unit 58 and as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,637,208 with regard to the operation of the syringe or syringe pumps disclosed therein by the step motor 7A or 7B under the control of the controller 49. The rotary valves 16 and 18 may be operated under the control of the central processing unit 92 in the same manner as the sample injection valve 14 is operated under the control of the central processing unit 58 as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,347,131. More particularly, the respective inner rotors 40 and 44 of the rotary valves 16 and 18 are rotated into or between two positions under the control of the central processing unit 92 and, as described in detail below, are rotated 60.degree. in either the clockwise or counterclockwise direction as also described in detail below. Still further, a pressure will be pre-selected to which the solvent 30 is pre-pressurized and such pre-selected pressure will be determined in accordance with a pressure appropriate for the solvent 30 in eluting the liquid chromatography column contained in the liquid chromatography system 26; such pre-selected pressure will be stored in the program, or user file, of the CPU 92 (FIG. 5).
Referring now to FIG. 1, it will be presumed that the elements comprising apparatus 10 described above occupy the positions shown. It will be further presumed that the program stored in the user file contained in the CPU 92 (FIG. 5) will cause the CPU to operate the syringe pump 12 to deliver pre-pressurized solvent 30 to the liquid chromatography apparatus 26 for a period of 200 minutes at a constant flow of 20 micro-liters per minute and to operate the syringe pump 14 to deliver pre-pressurized wash 30 to the liquid chromatography apparatus 26 for a period of 10 minutes at a constant flow of 20 micro-liters per minute; it will be understood that the syringe pumps 12 and 14 will be chosen to have liquid capacities sufficient to deliver the programmed quantities of solvent and wash before all of the solvent and wash contained in the respective syringe pumps are exhausted or delivered to the liquid chromatography system 26. It will be further presumed that under the control of the CPU 92 (FIG. 5), and in accordance with the instructions contained in the program stored in the above-noted user file contained in the CPU, the on-off valve 21 has been closed, that the primary syringe pump 12 has been filled with the solvent 30 from the supply 31, and that the plunger 29 has been advanced into the cylinder 28 to pre-pressurize the solvent 30 to the pre-selected pressure noted above. Under the further control of the central processing unit 92, FIG. 5, the on-off valve 21 will be opened and the pre-pressurized solvent output 80 of the primary syringe pump 12 will be supplied for a period of 200 minutes at a constant flow of 20 micro-liters per minute to the liquid chromatography system 26 through the now open on-off valve 21, transducer 23, liquid transmission line 81, port 51 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18, internal liquid path 64 provided in the rotor 44 of rotary valve 18 through the port 52 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18 and the liquid transmission line 87. During the time the primary syringe pump 12 is providing the pre-pressurized solvent 30 to the liquid chromatography system 26, the central processing unit 92, FIG. 5, will operate the switching valve 20 to connect the switching valve port 72 to the switching valve port 71 and the syringe pump 14, under the control of the central processing unit 92, will be operated to drive the plunger 33 into the cylinder 32 to expel any wash 34 remaining in the cylinder 32 from any previous operation and the expelled wash will be transmitted to waste through the liquid transmission line 83, transducer 24, liquid transmission line 84, the through connection through the T-connection 25, liquid transmission line 85, port 53 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18, internal liquid path 65 formed in the inner rotor 44 of rotary valve 18, the port 54 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18, liquid transmission line 89, port 43 formed in the outer cylinder 38 of rotary valve 16, internal liquid path 62 formed in the rotor 40 of rotary valve 16, port 44 formed in the outer cylinder 38 of rotary valve 16, liquid transmission line 73, and ports 72 and 71 formed in the switching valve 20. Upon the residual wash in the syringe pump 14 being expelled to waste, under the control of the central processing unit 92, the port 72 of the switching valve 20 is then connected to the switching valve port 75 and the piston 33 of the syringe pump 14, under the control of the central processing unit, will be withdrawn in the cylinder 32 to draw wash 34 from the wash reservoir 74 to refill the cylinder 34. More particularly, the wash 34 will be drawn into the syringe pump 34 from the reservoir 74 through the switching valve ports 75 and 72, the liquid transmission line 73, the port 44 formed in the outer cylinder 38 of rotary valve 16, the internal liquid path 62 formed in the rotor 40 of the rotary valve 16, the port 43 formed in the outer cylinder 38 of rotary valve 16, the liquid transmission line 89, the port 54 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of the rotary valve 18, the inner liquid path 65 formed in the rotor 44, the port 53 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of the rotary valve 18, the liquid transmission line 85, the through connection through the T-connection 25, the liquid transmission line 84, pressure transducer 24 and liquid transmission line 83. The first stage of operation of apparatus 10 is now completed whereupon the second stage illustrated in FIG. 2 is commenced. It will be understood that the operation of switching valve 20 is accomplished before syringe pump transitioning is begun, typically done only once, in what may be referred to as a purging subroutine contained in the user file stored in the CPU 92.
Although the invention as described above expels the wash from syringe 14 prior to refilling the syringe 14 from the wash reservoir 74, the syringe pump 14 can be refilled with wash liquid without expelling the remaining wash liquid from the syringe pump 14 before withdrawing piston 33 of syringe pump 14 to facilitate refilling the cylinder 34.
Referring to FIG. 2, the second stage is commenced by the inner rotor 40 of the rotary valve 16, under the control of the CPU 92, being rotated 60.degree. in the counterclockwise direction to the position shown for the rotor 40 in FIG. 2. Upon the rotor 40 of the rotary valve 16 being rotated in the position shown in FIG. 2, it will be noted that the internal liquid path 61 formed in the rotor 40 is deadheaded against the plugged port 46 due to the plug 48 being inserted into the port 46. It will be understood in FIG. 2 that the inner rotor 44 of the rotary valve 18 remains in its position shown in FIG. 1 and that, under the control of the central processing unit 92, the primary syringe pump 12 continues to deliver the pre-pressurized solvent 30 to the liquid chromatography system 26 at a constant flow as described above with regard to stage 1 and FIG. 1. The transducer 23 will sense the actual running pressure of the solvent 30 flowing in the liquid transmission line 81 and will provide a first signal to the CPU 92 indicative of such sensed pressure; it will be understood that, typically, the actual running pressure in the solvent 30 will be less than the pre-selected pressure to which the solvent 30 was pre-pressurized due to inherent resistance to solvent flow in the apparatus 10 and the liquid chromatography column included in the liquid chromatography system 26. The plunger 33 of the syringe pump 14 will be advanced into the cylinder 32 under the control of the central processing unit 92 to pre-pressurize the wash 34 to the pressure sensed by the transducer 23. More particularly, this is accomplished by the plunger 33 forcing the wash 34 out the output 82 of syringe pump 14 through the liquid transmission line 83, the transducer 24, the liquid transmission line 84, the lateral connection of the T-connection 25, the liquid transmission line 87, the port 41 formed in the outer cylinder 38 of rotary valve 16, and to the deadheaded inner liquid path 61 formed in the rotor 40. It will be understood that in stage 2, the primary syringe pump 12 will continue to be operated under the control of the central processing unit 92 until the solvent 30 has been delivered to the liquid chromatography system 26 at a constant flow of 20 micro-liters per minutes for 200 minutes in accordance with the program stored in the above-noted user file. At the completion of such 200 minutes, stage 3 is commenced.
Referring to stage 3 illustrated in FIG. 3, stage 3 is commenced by the central processing unit 92 rotating the rotor 44 of rotary valve 18 clockwise 60.degree. from the position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and into the position of the rotor 44 shown in FIG. 3; in stage 3, it will be understood that the inner rotor 40 of the rotary valve 16 remains in the same position of stage 2 shown in FIG. 2. Upon the rotor 44 of rotary valve 18 being rotated into the position shown in FIG. 3, the primary syringe pump 12 will be disconnected from the liquid chromatography system 26 with the output 80 of the primary syringe pump 12 being deadheaded through the on-off valve 21, the transducer 23, the liquid transmission line 81, the internal liquid path 66 formed in the rotor 44 of rotary valve 18, port 55 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18, liquid transmission line 88 and deadheaded against the rotor 40 of the rotary valve 16 through the port 42 formed in the outer cylinder 38 of rotary valve 16; if desired, any remaining solvent 30 in the syringe pump 12 may be purged while the syringe pump 12 is deadheaded. Simultaneously, the syringe pump 14 under the control of the central processing unit 92 will be operated to drive the plunger 33 into the cylinder 32 and the pre-pressurized wash 34 will be delivered to the liquid chromatography system 26 at a constant flow of 20 micro-liters per minute for a period of 10 minutes (in accordance with the above-noted program in the above-noted user file) through the liquid transmission line 83, the transducer 24, the liquid transmission line 84, the through connection of the T-connection 25, the liquid transmission line 85, the port 53 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18, the internal liquid path 64 formed in the rotor 44, the port 52 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18 and the liquid transmission line 87. During such wash delivery, the transducer 24 senses the actual running pressure of the wash 34 in the liquid transmission lines 83 and 84 and provides a second signal to the CPU 92 indicative of such sensed pressure. The primary syringe pump 12 under the control of the central processing unit 92 is de-pressurized by withdrawing the plunger 29 from the cylinder 28, the cylinder 28 is thereafter refilled with solvent 30 from the solvent reservoir 31, and thereafter the plunger 29 is again advanced into the cylinder 28 to pre-pressurize the refilled solvent 30 to the pressure sensed by the transducer 24. This is accomplished by advancing the plunger 29 under the control of the central processing unit 92 to pre-pressurize the solvent 30 re-filled against the above-described deadhead by being transmitted through the on-off valve 21, the transducer 23, the liquid transmission line 81, the port 51 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18, the internal liquid path 66 provided in the rotor 44, the port 55 formed in the outer cylinder 42 and the liquid transmission line 88 to the port 42 formed in the outer cylinder 38 of rotary valve 18. Under the control of the central processing unit 92, the rotors 40 and 44 of the respective rotary valves 16 and 18 will be rotated back into the positions shown in FIG. 1 and the above-described stages 1, 2 and 3 will be repeated as many times as prescribed in the program stored in the user file contained in the CPU 92.
In brief summary, it will be understood that since the pre-pressurized wash is delivered to the liquid chromatography system at the actual running pressure of the solvent substantially simultaneously with the disconnection of the solvent from the system, and that since the solvent is re-connected to the system at the actual running pressure of the wash, the liquid chromatography system does not experience large excursions in pressurization, de-pressurization and re-pressurization. Further, changes can be made in the solvent and wash without subjecting the system to such pressurization, de-pressurization and re-pressurization excursions.
With regard to stage 4 and FIG. 4, this stage is not normally used in the operation of the apparatus 10 of the present invention, but if the wash 34 is replaced with a solvent, this stage can be utilized, if desired, to simultaneously deliver both pre-pressurized solvent from the primary syringe pump 12 and pre-pressurized solvent from the syringe pump 14 to the liquid chromatography system 26. This is accomplished by rotating the inner rotor 40 of the rotary valve 16 clockwise 60.degree. into the position shown in FIG. 4. It will also be understood that in stage 4, FIG. 4, the inner rotor 44 is not moved from the position shown in FIG. 3 but remains in the position shown in FIG. 3. From FIG. 4, it will be understood that upon the inner rotor 40 of rotary valve 16 being rotated in the position shown, the operation of the syringe pump 14 is not affected and syringe pump 14 will continue to supply pressurized solvent 32 to the liquid chromatography system 26 through the same path described above with regard to stage 3 and FIG. 3, but with the inner rotor 40 of rotary valve 16 in the position shown in FIG. 4 the pressurized solvent output 80 from the primary syringe pump 12 will be simultaneously supplied to the liquid chromatography system 26 through the liquid transmission line 81, port 51 provided in outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18, internal liquid path 66 provided in rotor 44 of rotary valve 18, port 55 provided in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18, liquid transmission line 88, port 42 formed in the outer cylinder 38 of the rotary valve 16, internal liquid path 61 formed in the rotor 40 of the rotary valve 12, port 41 formed in the outer cylinder 42, the T-connection 25, liquid transmission line 85, port 53 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18, internal liquid path 64 formed in the rotor 44 of rotary valve 18, port 52 formed in the outer cylinder 42 of rotary valve 18 and liquid transmission line 87. During stage 4, if desired, it will be understood that the control system associated with central processing unit 92 and the transducers 23 and 24 can be adjusted and calibrated.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that many variations and modification can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and the scope thereof and that the present invention can be used to supply liquids to liquid utilization apparatus other than a liquid chromatography system.
control means including an interconnected pair of rotary valves and a switching valve for alternately connecting said first liquid pumping means and said second liquid pumping means to respective supplies of first liquid and second liquid to alternately fill said first liquid pumping means with said first liquid and said second liquid pumping means with said second liquid, for alternately operating said first liquid pumping means to pre-pressurize said first liquid and for operating said second liquid pumping means to pre-pressurize said second liquid and for alternately connecting said first liquid pumping means and said second liquid pumping means to the liquid utilization apparatus to alternately deliver said first pre-pressurized liquid and said second pre-pressurized liquid to the liquid utilization apparatus, and for initially operating said first liquid pumping means to pre-pressurize said first liquid to a pre-selected pressure and for operating said second liquid pumping means to pre-pressurize said second liquid to the pressure at which said first liquid pumping means is actually delivering said pre-pressurized first liquid to the liquid utilization apparatus and for thereafter operating said first liquid pumping means to cause said first liquid pumping means to pre-pressurize said first liquid to the pressure at which said second liquid pumping means is actually delivering said pre-pressurized second liquid to the liquid utilization apparatus.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said control means operates said first liquid pumping means and said second liquid pumping means to cause said first liquid pumping means and said second liquid pumping means to deliver said first pre-pressurized liquid and said second pre-pressurized liquid to the liquid utilization apparatus at a substantially constant flow.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said control means operates said first liquid pumping means and said second liquid pumping means to cause said first liquid pumping means and said second liquid pumping means to deliver said first pre-pressurized liquid and said second pre-pressurized liquid to the liquid utilization apparatus to a substantially constant pressure.
(x) re-filling said second liquid delivery means with a re-filled second quantity of second liquid while said first liquid delivery means is delivering said re-filled quantity of first pre-pressurized liquid to the liquid delivery apparatus.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4 wherein said control means is for repeating steps (i) through (ix) for a predetermined number of times.
6. The apparatus according to claim 4 wherein said first liquid delivery means includes a first syringe pump connected to a first reservoir of first liquid and having a first output, wherein said second liquid delivery means includes a second syringe pump having a second output, wherein said control means includes a central processing unit, a switching valve, a first rotary valve, a second rotary valve, a first transducer and a second transducer, and a T-connection, wherein said first output of said first syringe pump is connected to said second rotary valve through said first transducer, wherein said second output of said second syringe pump is connected to said first rotary valve and said second rotary valve through said second transducer and through said T-connector, wherein said second rotary valve is connected to the liquid utilization apparatus, wherein said switching valve is connected to said first rotary valve, wherein said first transducer is connected to said central processing unit to provide a signal indicative of said first sensed pressure, wherein said second transducer is connected to said central processing unit to provide a signal indicative of said second sensed pressure, and wherein said first syringe pump, said second syringe pump, said switching valve, said first rotary valve and said second rotary valve are connected to and under the control of said central processing unit to cause said pre-pressurized first liquid and said pre-pressurized second liquid to be delivered to the utilization apparatus as said.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said switching valve includes first, second and third ports, wherein said first port is connected to waste, wherein said second port connected to said first rotary valve and wherein said third port connected to a second reservoir of said second liquid, wherein said first rotary valve includes a stationary, hollow, first outer cylinder providing at least four ports and a first inner rotor residing rotatably in said first outer cylinder and being rotatable under the control of said central processing unit into a first inner rotator position and into a second first inner rotator position, said first inner rotator providing at least two internal liquid paths and said first inner rotor for being rotated into at least first and second positions under the control of said central processing unit to connect said first and second internal liquid paths to different pairs of said at least four ports formed in said first outer cylinder, wherein said second rotary valve includes a stationary, hollow, second outer cylinder providing at least five ports and a second inner rotor residing rotatably in said second outer cylinder and being rotatable under the control of said central processing unit into a first second inner rotator position and into a second second inner rotator position, and said second inner rotator providing at least three internal liquid paths and said second inner rotor for being rotated into at least first and second positions under the control of said central processing unit to connect said third, fourth and fifth internal liquid paths to different pairs of said at least five ports formed in said second outer cylinder.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein said at least four ports provided in said first outer cylinder comprise fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh ports, wherein said at least two internal liquid paths provided in said first inner rotor comprise a first internal liquid path and a second internal liquid path, wherein said at least five ports provided in said second outer cylinder comprise eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth ports, wherein said at least three internal liquid paths provided in said second inner rotor comprise a third internal liquid path, a fourth internal liquid path, and a fifth internal liquid path, wherein said first output of said first syringe pump is connected to said eighth port of said second outer cylinder, wherein the utilization apparatus is connected to said ninth port of said second outer cylinder, wherein said second output of said second syringe pump is connected to said fourth port of said first outer cylinder and to said tenth port of said second outer cylinder, wherein said fifth port of said first outer cylinder is connected to said twelfth port of said second outer cylinder, wherein said eleventh port of said second outer cylinder is connected to said sixth port of said first outer cylinder, wherein said seventh port of said first outer cylinder is connected to said second port of said switching valve.
(ii) said second output of said second syringe pump is connected to said second port of said switching valve through said tenth port formed in said second outer cylinder, said fourth internal liquid path formed in said second inner rotor, said eleventh port former in said second outer cylinder, said sixth port formed in said first outer cylinder, said second internal liquid path formed in said first inner rotor and said seventh port formed in said first outer cylinder and upon said switching valve connecting said second port of said switching valve to said first port thereof under the control of said central processing unit, said central processing unit operating said second syringe pump to cause said syringe pump to expel to waste any second liquid remaining therein from any prior operation and thereafter said central processing unit operating said switching valve to connect said second port of said switching valve to said third port thereof and said central processing unit operating said second syringe pump to cause said second syringe pump to be filled with said second quantity of second liquid from said second reservoir of second liquid.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein upon said central processing unit rotating said first inner rotor into said second first inner rotator position and while said second inner rotor remains in said first second inner rotator position, said fourth port formed in said first outer cylinder being connected to said first internal liquid path which is deadheaded and said sixth port formed in said first outer cylinder being connected to said second internal liquid path which is deadheaded to thereby deadhead said second output of said second syringe pump whereupon said central processing unit operates said second syringe pump to pre-pressurize said second liquid to said first sensed pressure against said deadheaded first and second internal liquid paths.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10 whereupon said central processing unit rotating said second inner rotor into said second second inner rotator position while said first inner rotor remains in said second first inner rotator position said eighth port formed in said second outer cylinder being connected by said fifth internal liquid path formed in said second inner rotor to said twelfth port formed in said second outer cylinder to disconnect said first output of said first syringe pump from the liquid utilization apparatus and to deadhead said fifth internal liquid path, and said ninth port formed in said second outer cylinder being connected through said third internal liquid path to said tenth port formed in said second outer cylinder to connect said second output of said second syringe pump to the liquid utilization apparatus whereby said second syringe pump under the control of said central processing unit is operated to provide the liquid utilization apparatus with said second liquid pre-pressurized to said first sensed pressure and said second transducer sensing the actual running pressure of said second liquid to provide said second sensed pressure and providing a signal to said central processing unit indicative of said second sensed pressure, and said central processing unit operating said first syringe pump to de-pressurize said first syringe pump, refill said first syringe pump with re-filled first liquid from said first reservoir and to operate said first syringe pump to pressurize said re-filled first liquid against said deadheaded fifth internal liquid path to pre-pressurize said first liquid to said second sensed pressure.
12. The apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the liquid utilization apparatus is a liquid chromatography system including a liquid chromatography column and said first liquid is a solvent for eluting the liquid chromatography column and wherein said second liquid is a wash liquid for washing the liquid chromatography column.


text:
L'usine de tracteurs de Tcheliabinsk (en , Tcheliabinski traktorny zavod) est une importante usine située à Tcheliabinsk, en Russie. Elle est créée le . Son siège donne sur la perspective Lénine dans le raïon Traktorozavodski.

Histoire

Outre des engins agricoles, elle a fourni moteurs pour une longue série de véhicules militaires soviétiques puis russes dont les chars de combat T-54, T-55, T-72 et T-14 Armata.

Décoration
 Elle est décorée de l'ordre de Koutouzov en 1945.

Galerie de fabrication

Liens externes
 Usine de tracteurs de Tcheliabinsk, photographies, Albert Kahn Associates, 1938, Centre canadien d'architecture (objets numérisés)

Usine en Russie
Tcheliabinsk
Agriculture en Union soviétique
Entreprise fondée en 1933


The building is located in a small historic village of Priorat, a region of Tarragona, Spain dedicated to wine production. The building was an old mill-warehouse that was used to store wheat and was abandoned. The owner runs the prestigious winery that produces the Clos Erasmus, one of the finest red wines of Priorat, and obtained the highest score in the famous list of American expert Robert Parker. The request he made to Studio MINIM was to transform the mill into a comfortable home that also had an area for the winery.
Inside the home is a single open space comprised of over 1,506 square feet (140 square meters), and a gable roof over six feet tall. Architectural elements throughout were very dilapidated and, in some cases, in ruins. The first goal of MINIM was to restore, if possible, all the elements of architecture and interior design a project based on the original materials of construction, typical of rural households in the area. The rehabilitation respected the structure of the original box, recovering the original openings of the facade, pillars, stone walls and vaults of the basement, which was turned into a wine cellar. A bold "sculpture-staircase" was added in order to organize the building internally.
This house is just stunning, I love everything about it.


text:
Peter Blake - Meet The Artist - Murus Art / Limited Edition Art & Originals
Sir Peter Blake is one of the leading figures in the art world, often referred to as the Godfather of British Pop Art. Best known for the iconic album cover he produced for the Beatles 'Sergeant Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band', Blake's work is inspired by his love affair with icons and the ephemera of popular culture.
In 1983 Peter Blake became a CBE and in 2002 received a knighthood for his services to art. His long and respected career is admirable and his contribution to the art world is truly inspiring. Blake's work retains huge popularity and a contemporary aesthetic is maintained with every new piece created.
£2001 +(4)
Night Marauder
USA Series – Boxer
USA Series – James Dean
Billy Rainbow
Reclaimed Icons: Pin Up
Considerate Boy
Reclaimed Icons: Harlequin
Tattooed Ladies
La Vern Baker
Reclaimed Icons: Tretchikoff
USA Series – Pacific Park
Princess Perfect
Artist at Home


Megatel Homes' Holbrook in South Plano, conveniently located 1 block from Bush Tollway, and minutes away from 75, State Farm HQ, DART City Line Station, Central Market, Whole Foods, and more. One block from Bush, but not the highway road noise. This home is nearly ready to move in. Robust standard feature set, e.g., extensive wood floors, granite or quartz counters, etc., so don't worry about extensive upgrade expenses. Each townhome has small private backyard.
BRITTON HOMES NEW CONSTRUCTION READY FOR MOVE-IN! Living is easy in this newly constructed home that sits in the heart of Legacy West. This unique home warmly greats you with its timeless Spanish exterior. First floor features personal library which opens to a patio perfect for great Texas weather. The second floor includes a gourmet kitchen will bring out your inner chef with its quartz countertops, custom backsplash, ample cabinetry, and stainless-steel appliances. Take the custom-built elevator up to the third floor where you will find the perfect place for hosting friends and family including a wet bar, game room, media room, covered and uncovered patio. This stunning home is the entertainer x2019;s paradise.
MLS# 13864565 - Built by Darling Homes - CONST. COMPLETED Mar 26 ~ Villas Collection - Mission Style Architecture. Two-Story Stucco Home with Covered Front Porch AND Balcony! 3 Bedrooms (Master Bed Room down), Study, Game Room, Chefs Dream Kitchen, Extended Upper Cabinets with glass doors and lights, Mud Lockers, Utility Room Sink and Cabinet, extra storage throughout property. Huge Covered Patio. Extensive hard-wood flooring, stone counter tops, designer touches everywhere! Faces North.
Megatel Homes' Aiden townhome plan is a brand new construction town home located in a the new community of Prairie Commons. This town home offers a covered patio overlooking a large greenbelt with pathways. There's a second floor gameroom and Master bedroom featuring a large walk-in Master closet.
Megatel Homes' Baine is the newest townhome plan featuring four bedrooms and 2.5 baths in a spacious townhome configuration. Enjoy the abundant green spaces and walk ways and access to the Legacy Trail that meanders through the City of Plano for miles of greenbelt space. This townhome is situated in the new community of Prairie Commons that provides excellent schools in the area and is conveniently located with immediate access to highway 121 near Coit Road. This townhome offers affordable living in a great location!


A relatively large, handsome bird of prey, the steppe eagle closely resembles a number of related eagle species such as the tawny eagle. The main distinguishing features are the reddish-brown patch on the nape of the neck, the oval nostrils.
Awesome shot of this Eagle in lovely golden light!


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Facebook, Twitter lock Trump's account following video addressing Washington rioters
Twitter and Facebook on Wednesday said they would lock the account of President Donald Trump after he continued to make false claims about the results of the 2020 U.S. presidential election.
Twitter blocked Trump's account for 12 hours and required him to remove the three tweets that it said breached the company's civic integrity policy.
A spokesperson for Twitter confirmed to CNBC Thursday that Trump has now removed the offending tweets, "and the 12-hour clock is on." The company declined to provide further details on exactly when the block on Trump's account would end.
Twitter has also warned that if Trump continues to violate the company's rules it "will result in the permanent suspension of the @realDonaldTrump account."
Facebook said it would lock Trump's account for 24 hours, preventing him from posting on the service. Facebook-owned Instagram is also locking Trump's account there.
"We've assessed two policy violations against President Trump's Page which will result in a 24-hour feature block, meaning he will lose the ability to post on the platform during that time," Facebook said in a statement.
Snap told CNBC that it has locked Trump's account because it was deeply concerned about Trump's dangerous rhetoric.
"We can confirm that earlier today we locked President Trump's Snapchat account," said a Snap spokesperson on Wednesday.
It is not the first time Snap has taken action against Trump. Last June, the company decided to stop promoting Trump's content on its "Discover" tab, meaning it would only be visible to those that subscribe to Trump or search for his content.
Twitter removed three tweets by Trump, making them no longer visible to users. This is the first time that the company has removed tweets by Trump for reasons other than copyright takedowns, the company confirmed.
Among the removed tweets was one containing a video by Trump addressing the Washington rioters. In his recorded statement, Trump falsely claimed that the election "was stolen" before asking rioters to go home.
That video was also removed by Facebook and YouTube.
"This is an emergency situation and we are taking appropriate emergency measures, including removing President Trump's video," Facebook Vice President of Integrity Guy Rosen said in a tweet. "We removed it because on balance we believe it contributes to rather than diminishes the risk of ongoing violence."
Facebook on Wednesday evening announced additional steps it would take. This includes searching for and removing content that praises or supports the storming of the Capitol, calls to bring weapons to locations around the country, photos or videos from the rioters, calls for additional protests, and any attempts to stage more violence in the coming days.
Facebook said it will update the label it places on content that attempts to delegitimize election results.
"Joe Biden has been elected President with results that were certified by all 50 states. The U.S. has laws, procedures, and established institutions to ensure the peaceful transfer of power after an election," the updated Facebook text will read.
Google-owned YouTube said it removed the video because it violated policies of alleging widespread fraud changed the outcome of the 2020 U.S. Election. It will, however, allow copies of this video "if uploaded with additional context and sufficient educational, documentary, scientific, or artistic value."
Twitter initially placed restrictions on Trump's tweet containing the recorded statement before the tweet was later removed.
Earlier, Twitter said it would "take action" on any content that calls for violence in regard to the riots happening in Washington.
"Let us be clear: Threats of and calls to violence have no place on Twitter, and we will enforce our policies accordingly," a spokesperson for the company said in a statement.
Additionally, the company said it will significantly restrict engagement with tweets labeled with its Civic integrity policy, which does not allow Twitter users from using the service to manipulate or interfere with elections or other civic processes.
"We are also exploring other escalated enforcement actions and will keep the public updated with any significant developments," the company tweeted.
Earlier, Facebook said that it was "actively reviewing and removing any content that breaks these rules."
"The violent protests in the Capitol today are a disgrace," Facebook spokesman Andy Stone said in a statement. "We prohibit incitement and calls for violence on our platform."
The statements come as rioters in support of President Donald Trump breached the U.S. Capitol, forcing lawmakers to evacuate.
Calls are mounting for Twitter to shut down the president's account or take other extreme action. Former Facebook Chief Security Officer Alex Stamos said it is time for Twitter and Facebook to cut off Trump.
"Twitter and Facebook have to cut him off," Stamos said. "There are no legitimate equities left and labeling won't do it."
Chris Sacca, an early investor in the company, tweeted "You've got blood on your hands, @jack and Zuck," referring to Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey and Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg.
"For four years you've rationalized this terror. Inciting violent treason is not a free speech exercise. If you work at those companies, it's on you too. Shut it down."
The ADL issued a statement calling on social media companies to suspend Trump's accounts "ASAP."
–CNBC's Jennifer Elias contributed to this report.
Foreign reaction to the "disgraceful scenes" at the U.S. Capitol
Thu Jan 7 , 2021
America's adversaries revelled and allies shook their heads in dismay at the assault on the heart of U.S. democracy on Wednesday. Many foreign leaders noted the United States' centuries-long role as a bastion of self-rule by a free population. Some suggested that vaunted position had been diminished and urged a […]
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FAN Editor 10 months ago


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Q: Word Mail Merge for SQL I'm having some performance issues since a DB was moved from SQL2000 to SQL2008.
We need to retrieve from a SQL View for a mail merge and for an application called FORMIC.
It was fine under SQL 2000, but is now very, very slow. One thing I've noticed is that SQL Profiler shows that Excel does a simple "SELECT * FROM VIEW" where Word seems to do something far more complicated and is retrieving records with the cursor (which for 6,000+ rows ends up taking minutes to retrieve).
Does anyone have a way around this?

A: Possible idea: do a two-step mail merge. Create a CSV dump of all interesting fields from the database, and then use that CSV file as a data source for Word. This way, you'll be sure that no extra queries are executed.
Another thing to try: use a live query monitor or packet sniffer and observe the actual SQL statements that are travelling on the wire.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Create a custom dataset by selecting the time, region, parameter, climate model and scenario that matches your needs.
Run the provided bash script to deploy a Docker container that will acquire and serve the data you selected.
Download your data in NetCDF or CSV format. You can also request data using any tool that supports the http protocol.
Deploy your container publicly to expose the access endpoint, or share the unique dataset permalink with colleagues.
NEX-GDDP is comprised of downscaled climate scenarios derived from the General Circulation Model runs conducted under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and across two of the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5 / RCP 8.5) greenhouse gas concentration trajectories.
The dataset includes daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation from 21 models at a 0.25° (~25 km x 25 km) global resolution from 1950-2100.
NEX-DCP30 is comprised of downscaled climate scenarios derived from the General Circulation Model runs conducted under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and across the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) greenhouse gas concentration trajectories.
The dataset includes monthly averaged maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation from 33 models, as well as ensemble statistics, at a 30 arcsecond resolution spanning the conterminous United States from 1950-2100.
The OpenNEX Climate Data Access Tool was produced by Planet OS in collaboration with the NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) team with the intent of improving access to data for climate assessment.
The OpenNEX project launched in November 2013 when a number of important large-scale Earth science datasets were published as Amazon S3 buckets and made freely available for researchers, students, and citizen scientists.
This project continues the work of that initial effort by providing intuitive, web-based access interfaces to the NEX-DCP30 and NEX-GDDP data. The climate access tool requires no programming knowledge and produces CSV or NetCDF files that can be used for climate science work done in languages such as Python, R, Matlab, and even Excel.
For a detailed overview of the OpenNEX Climate Data Access Tool, please consult the documentation. Example code written in R and Python is also available.
Please note that this tool has been released as a pilot version, with a preliminary set of features. If you have suggestions on how we might improve the tool, we'd love to hear your feedback. You can share your thoughts by sending an email to feedback@planetos.com.


It's "Do Over" Thursday with My Creative Time, and I was inspired by a card I saw by Debby Hughes in Online Card Classes' Clear & Sheer class when remaking my card below. I kept my basic layout of stamping the "they lived happily every after" stamp from Once Upon a Time..." on a heart that I made with one of the Stitched Sweetheart & XOXO Dies and also using the fun ampersand die from And Then Some.
However, Debby inspired me to heat emboss the Carved Heart stamp on vellum for my background and then add some white and vellum sprigs and leaves from Stitched Pretty Flowers & Leaves Dies and Already Missing You.
I love the light and airy feeling of the new card, but I still love the bold and graphic feel of the old card. You really can't go wrong with any MCT products!
Be sure to stop by Emma's blog to see more "Do Over" projects for her and other design team members!
Welcome to the My Creative Time 54th Edition Release Blog Hop! You should have arrived here from the very talented Jessica. If you just happened upon here, you might want to head over to Emma's blog, to the beginning of the hop. This is a very fun release, and I hope you are as excited about it as we are!
I had so much fun using new and old MCT products to make this little tag to put on a Mother's Day gift for my mom! I started by making the base with the largest of the Stitched Starburst Dies and then cutting a circle of patterned paper using one of the new More Stitched Circle Dies.
Next I created my little scene. I made the cute little branch and bird with the Fun Tweet Me Dies and Tweet Me stamps. I pulled out my favorite new You are my Sunshine set and used the sun and cloud dies to add to the scene. On the cloud, I stamped "To My" from Friendships are Forever and then added the "mom" die cut made with a die from the new Mom set.
Here's a closer look at the new sets used on this card. They are available now in the My Creative Time Store!
Staring THIS Friday, April 22, 2016 @ 8AM PST, our "Freebie" for this release is this adorable "Inspire" stamp and die set. It will be given to the FIRST 150 shoppers! If you are one of the first 150 shoppers, it will be automatically added to your package at the time of packaging/shipping. Once the first 150 shoppers come through, the set will be available for purchase. So if it's for sale in the store, you are not one of the 150. No exceptions will be made. This freebie set is not a part of the "bundle" and will be sold separately!
Also, DON'T FORGET our sale that is starting RIGHT NOW here! Use the code APR2016 to receive a discount off your entire purchase! This sale applies to "IN-STOCK" items ONLY. This sale will end on Friday, April 29th, 2016, at midnight PST.
It's our last day of My Creative Time's 54th Edition Release Sneak Peeks! Tomorrow you can see the release in its entirety, but we've got two last sets to sneak today! First, we've got a new die set called More Stitched Circles! This set includes NINE circles dies with the stitching on the inside AND outside! I used one of them for my sun, which I inked up with some Hero Arts Butter Bar Shadow Ink. The second set is a darling stamp and die set called Build a Sunray. This one includes a sunray die with 5 coordinating stamps. It also has adorable little sentiments stamps with coordinating dies. I made lots of sunrays for my sun, inking all of them up with more of the Butter Bar Shadow Ink. I used one of the More Stitched Edges Dies to make a rolling hill, and then used the new sentiment stamps, with a coordinating die to make my little sentiment. A few sequins finished off this card!
I've got another My Creative Time Sneak Peek for you this morning!!! Today's sneak peek, Inspire, is a sweet stamp and die set that is actually this month's freebie! I used the three stamps from this set to stamp "You Inspire Me" upon the die cut that I made with the die also included in Inspire. If you are one of the first 150 shoppers on Friday when the release begins, Inspire will be included with your order. After that you'll be able to purchase it in the store.
My cute little vase was made with one of the Stitched Chunky Jar Dies, using some tie-dyed paper I bought at Hobby Lobby years ago. I filled the vase with flowers made with the Stitched Pretty Flowers & Leaves Dies. To add interest to the kraft background, I ran it through my Vagabond with the Cuttlebug Polka-Dots Embossing Folder.


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Colleges & Majors
Rhode Island Colleges
Rhode Island is home to more than two dozen post secondary education institutions ranging from private universities to public 2-year colleges, many located in Providence. The University of Rhode Island and Rhode Island College are the two largest public institutions. The oldest university in the state, Brown University, was founded before the American Revolution. The university is also a member of the Ivy League and is one of the most selective colleges in Rhode Island. Also notable is the Naval War College, operated by the federal United States Navy, Johnson & Wales University College of Online Education and Salve Regina University. Technology focused programs are offered at both 4-year institutions such as New England Institute of Technology, East Greenwich and 2-year school Lincoln Tech, Lincoln (Providence). The Community College of Rhode Island also operates several campuses throughout the state.
See All 21 Colleges and Universities in Rhode Island
Top College Cities in Rhode Island
See All College Cities In Rhode Island
Find the Rhode Island College that's Right for You!
- Select One - Agriculture and Natural Resources Arts & Humanities Business Communication & Media Cosmetology & Beauty Culinary Arts & Food Service Education Engineering Family and Consumer Science Professions Fitness, Recreation and Leisure Studies Funeral and Mortuary Services Health & Medical Services High School/Secondary Diploma Programs Interdisciplinary Studies Legal Professions Library Professions Life Science Life Skills Training Mathematics and Statistics Medical Residency Programs Military Science Natural Sciences Security and Protective Service Careers Skilled Trades Social Sciences Social Work Technician Careers Technology Transportation Careers Undecided Unknown Veterinary Medicine
Concentration (optional)
- Select One-
See All Rhode Island Colleges and Universities
Rhode Island College and Degree Offerings
Even though Rhode Island is the smallest US state in area, it still boasts a variety of programs ranging from certificate programs to masters degree programs. The private school Johnson & Wales University – Providence offers a career-focused education at every degree level. The state-run system of community colleges and selection of other career colleges and technical schools provides several other opportunities for certificate program or 2-year career training degrees. Providence College and Roger Williams University are the two colleges in Rhode Island offering a Liberal Arts and Sciences/Liberal Studies education.
Bachelors Degree (4-Year Colleges)
Associates Degree (2-Year Career Training)
Associates Degree (2-Year Transfer Degree)
Certificate Programs and Diplomas
Masters Degree (Graduate Schools)
Top 10 4-Year Colleges and Universities in Rhode Island
New England Institute of Technology, East Greenwich
Bryant University, Smithfield
Lincoln Tech, Lincoln (Providence)
See All 4-Year Colleges and Universities in Rhode Island
See All 4-Year Public Schools in Rhode Island
See All 4-Year Private Schools in Rhode Island
See All 4-Year Liberal Arts Schools in Rhode Island
See All Career Colleges in Rhode Island
See All Online 4-Year Colleges and Universities
Top Career Training, Vocation Schools and Trade Schools in Rhode Island
Community College of Rhode Island
See All Career Training, Vocation Schools and Trade Schools in Rhode Island
Top Community College and Junior Colleges in Rhode Island
See All Community College and Junior Colleges in Rhode Island
Top 10 Certificate Programs in Rhode Island
New England Tractor Trailer Training School, Pawtucket
Paul Mitchell the School, Cranston
Empire Beauty School, Providence
See All Certificate Programs in Rhode Island
Top Graduate Schools in Rhode Island
See All Graduate Schools in Rhode Island
To provide you with the most accurate and helpful facts, our Top 10 Most Popular results are based on a combination of program or major graduation data from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), the primary federal entity for collecting and analyzing data related to education, and the popularity of a school on our web site.
Rhode Island Career Opportunities
What used to be known as the "Birthplace of the American Industrial Revolution" is now a state offering many different types of career opportunities. With a gorgeous Atlantic Ocean coastline tourism is one of Rhode Island's top industries along with health services and manufacturing. One of the fastest growing jobs careers in Rhode Island is for personal financial advisors. Finance and Accounting & Related Services professionals will all be in demand. Taking advantage of the influx of out-of-town visitors, Baking and Pastry Arts, Hospitality & Restaurants, Tourism and even business careers in Management are destined for success. Many students at Rhode Island colleges find that Education and Teaching and Secondary Education careers are easy to start in the state. Health services is the states largest industry and jobs are never hard to find for those pursuing Medical Assistant Professions, Mental & Social Health Services, Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training (LPN, LVN, Cert, Dipl, AAS) and Ultrasound Technician careers. And finally, Legal Assistant/Paralegal careers are in demand as many typical law services are now handled by those with 2-year career training degrees.
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Chronology and Police findings in Sonam vs Abhinav Case
inPosts
This article is not an opinion but a mere compilation of happenings in the case and police investigation findings.
In November 2017, Sonam Mahajan accused Abhinav Khare, current Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Asianet News of sexually harassing her.
Sonam Mahajan was under the payroll of NBF although she had joined Chandrasekhar's political office.
Rajeev Chandrashekar is also the former board member of ARG Outlier Asianet News, whose current CEO is Abhinav Khare.
In November, 2017, she filed a case accusing Khare of 'borderline mental and sexual harassment.
In June 2018, Mahajan's accusations against Khare were termed to be true by an ad-hoc committee. Khare was asked to render an unconditional apology.
On 24 April this year, the city police investigation revealed that the accusations were false. The police also spoke to 15 employees of NBF none of which agreed with Sonam Mahajan's claim. "In fact, many of them alleged she behaved inappropriately. Some said her performance was not satisfactory and the complaint was vendetta,"
City police have closed the case saying that the allegations made against Khare were "baseless and false".
The police have filed B report, saying that a charge sheet can't be filed against Abhinav Khare as there is no evidence against him.
Police Findings. B-Report
1. As the complainant Sonam Mahajan has not cooperated in any way for the investigation, the case is a false case and this case is not fit for further investigation.
2. All the witnesses who were inquired during the investigation have made the statement against the complainant.
3. It is found with the witnesses' statements that the complainant herself behaved indecently with the accused.
4. It is found with the witnesses statement that the complainant herself has compelled and pulled the hands of the accused and tried to drag the accused to take him to the pub for the party.
As the accused is Chief of staff of the office where complainant was working the complainant has put pressure on the accused to continue the contract or pay Rs.15 Lakh as one year salary. It has come to the notice that as the accused has refused to this the complainant has filed a false complaint and the complaint made by the complainant is false.


The new version of Skype will contain both studio-grade video and audio, making it suitable for broadcasters.
Microsoft has just unveiled the Skype TX which entails a newer version of the VoIP service maneuvered towards broadcasters. The Skype TX will use technology that has been developed by Cat and Mouse which is the latest MSFT acquisition. This will allow better quality video and audio output which can be beneficially acquired by media professionals.
Alongside this the Skype TX will also support HD-SDI interface which appears to be the broadcast standard. Skype TX can take up multiple calls at the same time by way of a single interface and can get rid of any distractions in the form of advertisements and notifications.
In lieu of the frequency with which radio stations both large and small depend on Skype to chat with guests, the TX has a large prospective audience. Microsoft has not released details regarding the price or the time of launch but it's expected that its specifications will be known soon enough.


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Maintaining a server for a business is important as it helps in reducing the upfront costs. VPS Israel server hosting comes with a number of advanced technologies and uses to be offered to the clients. Businesses can always expect good growth with the use of such server hosting solutions. It helps them in using their business strategies in the most effective manner. Business strategies that work out best in the presence of Cloud VPS server hosting or Windows VPS server hosting include website development, farm projects, storage of remote files and maintaining gaming servers. Having the cheapest and the best server hosting plans would offer efficient connectivity and smoother frequency.
There are professional technicians working for server hosting providers in Onlive Infotech. They are highly skilled and experienced in deploying and managing server hosting solutions as per the requirements of their business clients. With highly advanced infrastructure and servers, the providers ensure perfect website performance. There are support teams that offer proper assistance to the users as and when required and thus have them facing no trouble in operating their respective businesses.