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Rupert Hawksley
'Ducks, Newburyport': how a small publishing house is taking big risks on smart literary fiction
Galley Beggar Press took a chance on Lucy Ellmann's 1,000-page novel – and it's paid off
Lucy Ellmann, who wrote 'Ducks, Newburyport', which has just been longlisted for the Booker Prize. Caroline Forbes
When the longlist for the Booker Prize was announced last month, there were two big stories.
The first was the inclusion of The Testaments, Margaret Atwood's long-awaited and still unpublished sequel to The Handmaid's Tale. The second was about a book called Ducks, Newburyport. Lucy Ellmann's seventh novel is more than 1,000 pages long, it consists almost entirely of a single, unbroken sentence, clause after clause, beginning with the words "the fact that", and parts of it are written from the perspective of a mountain lion.
The Booker Prize judges, not unreasonably, described Ducks, Newburyport as "like nothing you've ever read before". The Financial Times praised the novel, which is for the most part the inner monologue of a fretful Ohio housewife, as "a wisecracking, melancholy Mrs Dalloway for the internet age". Cosmopolitan magazine went even further, exclaiming that "Ulysses has nothing on this" (a neat line, since Ellmann is the daughter of James Joyce biographer Richard Ellmann).
'Ducks, Newburyport' by Lucy Ellmann. Courtesy Galley Beggar Press
To give you a better idea of what's going on, here are a few lines, taken pretty much at random, from Ducks, Newburyport: "the fact that I don't know why you'd wear a white dress unless you absolutely had to, the fact that poor kids do better at school if you give them glasses, well, the ones that need glasses, the fact that maybe I needed glasses sooner than I got them, come to think of it, the fact that I stopped looking at the blackboard around fourth grade…" Now imagine that across 1,000 pages. I should add that the novel is extraordinarily funny, easier to read than you might imagine and with a central character you cannot forget. But it's certainly different.
It is always a joy to see genuinely innovative literary fiction given this sort of exposure. But the success of Ducks, Newburyport is particularly satisfying because it was published by a tiny, independent publishing house called Galley Beggar Press after it was passed over by Ellmann's regular publishers, Bloomsbury. This is a rare case of the small guys biffing the giants on the nose.
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"It was great to see Ducks, Newburyport on the longlist," says Galley Beggar Press co-founder Sam Jordison. "It felt like justice for Lucy. She is away in Spain at the moment, so we all raised a glass and sent pictures to each other." Was it a surprise? "I mean, yes, it was a surprise," he says. "But we love all our books so much and we're very small, so in a way we're also surprised when they don't get longlisted."
He's joking, of course, but Jordison and business partner Eloise Millar (they are also married) could be forgiven for feeling pretty pleased with themselves. They only publish a handful of books a year, but they seem to have a knack of taking the right chances.
Galley Beggar Press, which launched out of a bookshop in 2012 and is based in Norwich, on the east coast of Britain, is all about amplifying those strange voices, the ones mainstream publishers so often deem too dangerous.
In 2013, they decided to publish Eimear McBride's stylistically experimental novel, A Girl is a Half-Formed Thing, despite it having been rejected by dozens of publishers over a nine-year period. The novel went on to win the Women's Prize for Fiction and the Desmond Elliott Prize. "We're looking to be surprised," says Jordison. "It's a question of alchemy as much as anything else. It's an emotional response, you feel it in your belly." So when Ellmann's agent sent a copy of Ducks, Newburyport to their offices, it wasn't long before the pair had made up their minds. "Eloise started reading it and really quite soon was tapping me and saying, 'I think we've got one'," says Jordison. "And then it's just tremendously exciting. This novel is so long, you wonder, 'Will this keep up?', but it does and it just feels like such a miracle."
The publishing duo immediately printed 4,000 copies of Ducks, Newburyport, not an insignificant number for ambitious literary fiction, but the novel has sold well and, in light of the Booker nomination, a second print run has been arranged. It is already another unlikely hit.
We've always felt as editors that, if we understand it, other people are going to. Some patronising assessment of what readers can take sticks in the craw
Sam Jordison, co-founder of Galley Beggar Press
There are undoubtedly economic reasons why some publishers might be wary of taking on a book as challenging as A Girl is a Half-Formed Thing or Ducks, Newburyport. But Jordison highlights something more troubling about the reluctance to publish McBride's novel. He laments that "there was this perception that editors could take it but the public couldn't".
This is a familiar debate. Whenever a supposedly unconventional or demanding novel wins a prize, elements of the press insist that there is a gulf between what the public wants to read and what judging panels consider to be "worthy". It happened last year when Anna Burns won the Booker Prize for Milkman. The Times described Burns's novel about a young girl harassed by an older man during the Troubles in Northern Ireland as a "tough read" and argued that literary fiction "means fiction that adheres to a set of stylistic conventions designed to reassure culturally aspirational middle-class readers that they're participating in an accepted social ritual".
Millar scoffs at this idea. "I don't like all this stuff about accessibility," she says. "I just think that, actually, people underestimate readers." The fact that (see – the phrase is actually contagious!) Milkman has already sold more than 500,000 copies appears to confirm this.
Nevertheless, Ducks, Newburyport is sure to face the same criticisms about its inaccessibility to the average reader as Milkman did, particularly if it makes the Booker Prize shortlist or goes on to win the award. "The biggest investment is one of time," says Millar. "You have to sit down with it, but once you get into the flow, it's very easy and very funny."
Jordison adds: "We've always felt as editors that, if we understand it, other people are going to. Some patronising assessment of what readers can take sticks in the craw."
Galley Beggar Press co-founders Sam Jordison and Eloise Millar.
It is this mutual belief in the importance of experimental fiction that led Jordison and Millar to start Galley Beggar Press seven years ago. "We thought there was a space for a publisher whose raison d'etre was to take risks," says Jordison. "We're so small, every book we put out is a risk in a way, which makes it quite precarious. But it gives us a certain amount of freedom, because if you're going to take a risk, you might as well take a big one."
For all its undoubted merits, there could hardly be a bigger risk than Ducks, Newburyport. But it has already paid off handsomely. Could it possibly go all the way and win the Booker Prize? "I actually liked the book even more when I read it the second time," says Jordison. "So if the judges read it again, I'm really hoping they'll see all kinds of new things in it and realise just how cleverly it's put together. It's one of those books where you see more in it every time. It's such a huge flood of words that the first time you read it, you're completely overwhelmed, which is a brilliant, lovely feeling. And the next time, you're like, it's all been planned out really carefully, which is just amazingly impressive."
The Booker Prize shortlist will be announced next month and the award ceremony takes place in London on Monday, October 14. Until then, it will be all hands on deck at Galley Beggar Press – just in case. "We're setting up for every eventuality, so there are buttons that can just be pressed," says Millar. "We're getting all of our ducks in a row."
For more information, visit www.galleybeggar.co.uk
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New West Coast Eagles midfield coach Nathan van Berlo has sound a warning to the competition: we're better than we were last year.
Speaking to SportFm today, van Berlo said both experienced campaigners and fresh faces had made small but important gains this pre-season.
"We have improved from where we were at this time last year," he said.
"That's always a good sign heading into the JLT (Community Series) games coming next month.
"Our senior guys have certainly driven the ship being leaders in that regard, but there have been some young guys certainly showing some improvement on last year.
"Oscar Allen has been out on the track for the last month and has been showing some great signs.
"Simmo has spoken about Jake Waterman and the improvement he has shown. Jack Petruccelle as well, he's another forward who played a couple of games for us last year, he's certainly looking to take his game to another level too.
"There's guys all around the place, senior players and younger players, who have improved and that's what we expect, that guys come out each session and try and improve.
Van Berlo was also firm in his view that complacency would not be an issue for the reining premiers.
He said no one had shown signs of taking their foot off the pedal since claiming last year's flag.
"Our group has been a really mature group," he said.
"(Complacency) hasn't been an issue that we've had to confront to be honest because our boys have come back in good shape and training has almost gone to another level from last year as well.


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Home PING adjusts to today's changing world of equipment
PING adjusts to today's changing world of equipment
Wednesday, 25 July 2012 07:26 | Written by TMAC GOLF | | |
PING has built its reputation for innovation and performance. The family owned company relies on its engineering intelligence to enhance what its previously built but also what it competes against in the market. Today the Phoenix-based business has introduced to its sales force several new products including the Anser adjustable driver, which is offered in four high-performance shafts, the new Tour wedge with Gorge Groove Technology, and the Serene family, specifically engineered for women golfers. All the new products will be available in golf shops later this summer and fall.
"Our newest products continue our emphasis on custom-engineering -- designing technology that meets the needs of distinct player profiles," said John A. Solheim, PING Chairman & CEO. "Through extensive research and analysis, which includes player testing of every skill level, both men and women, we've advanced performance in several categories. For example, in the Anser driver, we added an adjustable hosel without adversely affecting the weighting properties that are so critical to overall performance. Our new Serene driver features a high-balance-point shaft, which allowed us to lengthen the shaft ½ inch while maintaining the same overall weight so women can swing a longer club to generate more distance. It's these types of improvements that continually lead to lower scores and more enjoyment for golfers."
The Anser adjustable driver focuses on optimizing trajectory through a combination of loft adjustment and shaft selections. Players can add or subtract ½ degree of loft and also choose one of four high-performance shafts to fit their swing -- a process PING calls Trajectory Tuning Technology. The shafts are the PING TFC 800D, Aldila Phenom, Fujikura Blur Red, and the Mitsubishi Diamana 'ahina. They vary in weight, stiffness profile, and the trajectory they deliver.
"Shaft fitting is a very important step in optimizing trajectory so golfers can benefit from greater distance and accuracy," Solheim said. "It was important that we have a range of high- performance shafts to match distinct player profiles. When combined with the loft adjustability, golfers will see significant improvement in their performance by adjusting their driver to suit the weather, course conditions or changes in their swings. A PING Certified Clubfitter will help determine the best shaft option based on how a player loads the club, their timing, and swing speed."
Solheim said PING also advanced adjustability in its Anser driver and fairway woods by engineering its adjustable-hosel technology to be lightweight and sleek so it wouldn't compromise performance. "Most adjustable hosels are large and heavy, which takes weight away from more important areas of the clubhead," he explained. "Our adjustable hosel is the same diameter and mass as our traditional fixed hosel. We saved weight through its sleek design and by using a lightweight titanium screw and an aluminum hosel sleeve. Looking down at the club from the address position, there's a seamless transition from the shaft to the head."
The Anser driver (U.S. MSRP: $440.00 per club) is available in pre-set 8.5º, 9.5º, 10.5º and 12º lofts, which then can be adjusted plus or minus ½ degree of loft to optimize performance. The Anser fairway woods (U.S. MSRP: $275.00 per club) are offered in a 3-wood (14.5º), 4-wood (16.5º), and 5-wood (18.5º). Each is adjusted using a PING torque wrench, which loosens the clubhead so golfers can set the loft to the desired position. In addition to changing loft, adjusting the hosel position allows a player to adjust the set-up face angle to his or her preference. Adjusting the hosel to the (+) position adds loft and closes the face, while the (–) position decreases loft and opens the face.
PING's new Tour wedge features Gorge Groove Technology, designed to maximize spin and control. The grooves are precision-milled at the company's Phoenix plant, allowing the company's machinists to hold very tight tolerances, it said, and to monitor every groove variable: top-edge radius, width, depth, spacing, and wall angle. "We believe this to be the best-performing groove design in the industry. By taking the unprecedented step of bringing the groove milling process entirely in-house, we're able to ensure the highest quality and performance. Players are going to be excited when they see how much control and consistency they have with the Tour wedge," Solheim said.
Tour wedges (U.S. MSRP: $140.00 per club w/steel shaft; $167.50 per club w/graphite shaft) are available in three sole widths to accommodate different swing styles and playing conditions: the WS (Wide Sole); the TS (Thin Sole), and the SS (Standard Sole). "This is another opportunity to help the golfer find the wedge that fits their game based on their angle of attack and the course conditions they play most often. Each of the options allows the golfer to open up the face and play any type of shot they want in a given situation."
Adjustability isn't limited to the Anser driver and fairway woods. Earlier this year, PING became the first major golf company to introduce a USGA/R&A-conforming adjustable-length belly shaft with the Nome 405 putter. Since then, it has added an adjustable-length long putter shaft with the Nome 500 putter. "We saw an opportunity to expand on adjustability into the belly and long putter categories because getting the proper length in those types of putters varies greatly. The technology is easy to use and golfers can quickly modify the length of their putter to fit their body type, posture, and putting stroke," said Solheim.
The Nome 500-gram Long Putter features an adjustable shaft that allows the golfer to modify the length from 44.5" to 54.5" using a PING wrench. The USGA/R&A-conforming telescoping shaft consists of a steel lower portion, a graphite grip portion and lightweight stainless steel locking ring. By unlocking the shaft, golfers can optimize length to fit their body characteristics, stroke type, and posture. A black alignment bar and white contrasting sightline on the head are intended to make aiming easy. The Nome putter is face-balanced and fits golfers who have a Straight putting stroke. It is precision-milled from high-grade aircraft aluminum and finished with a durable nano-nickel coating. The lightweight frame features tungsten sole weighting to optimize the CG and elevate the MOI. It carries a U.S. MSRP of $380.00
Anser Hybrids (17°, 20°, 23°, and 27°) feature a progressive center of gravity (CG) location, which PING said promote high launch and improved accuracy to gain added distance and control. Through internal and external weighting, CG positions vary in the four loft options to produce the desired trajectory for extra distance and improved accuracy, the company said. In the lower-lofted hybrids, the CG is slightly lower and farther back for higher launch and optimal spin. The higher-lofted hybrids have a more forward CG position to optimize launch conditions. The traditionally shaped head is larger to increase moment of inertia (MOI) and inspire confidence. The Anser hybrids (MSRP: $255.00 per club) have a dark, non-glare, matte finish to eliminate distractions.
The Anser Forged Irons (U.S. MSRP: $200.00 per club, steel or graphite shaft) employ an 8620 steel body and combines with a dense tungsten weight and internal cavity above the sole positioned close to the face to optimize the CG and elevate MOI, the company said. Predictable ball flights are achieved through progressive stabilizing bar technology. In the long irons, the bars angle out wider and are thinner, lowering the CG to launch the ball high. The bars get increasingly vertical and thicker through the shorter irons for more controlled, penetrating trajectories with high spin. A progressive set design makes it easy to launch the ball higher with the long irons and lower with the short irons for consistent shot making.
The Serene women's driver (U.S. MSRP: $310.00 per club) employs an ultra-thin-crown technology in the wide-profile 460cc head that utilizes Ti 3-1-1-1 to create discretionary weight that was used to optimize the CG and elevate forgiveness. The lowest portion of the clubface is wide to ensure solid contact and maintain distance and accuracy, even on mis-hits. Two PING ULT 210D high-balance-point shafts, a Lite and Ultra Lite, have a CG closer to the grip end, PING said, allowing the golfer to swing a clubhead with more mass at the same speed, generating faster ball speeds for longer tee shots. Using a high-balance-point shaft allowed the shaft to be lengthened, without increasing swing weight, for added distance. It is being offered in 10.5°, 12° and 14° lofts.
The Serene women's fairway woods (U.S. MSRP: $220.00 per club) feature an external weight pad that positions the CG back and slightly lower to produce high launch and increase the MOI. Keeping the CG from being too low helps produce moderate spin, which increases carry distance and roll for slower swing speeds. The clubface is slightly shallower to inspire confidence at address, and additional hitting surface low in the face ensures the ball will launch cleanly from a variety of lies. The fairway wood options are 3-wood (18°), 5-wood (22°), and 7-wood (26°).
In the Serene iron/hybrid sets, women can blend 4H (22°), 5H (26°) and 6H (30°) hybrids (U.S. MSRP: $117.50 per club) with perimeter-weighted 17-4 stainless steel irons to help launch the ball higher. In the irons, a deep CG and perimeter weighting increase the launch angle, according to PING and elevate the MOI. The irons have a camber and sole relief ensure playability from all lies. The Irons/hybrids (U.S. MSRP: $185 per club) are available: 5-9, PW, SW & LW wit
The Serene line also features putters with variable-depth groove technology. PING's extensive studies showed a significant increase in ball-speed consistency when measured at nine points across the face insert. The grooves are deepest in the center and get gradually shallower out to the perimeter of the insert to ensure predictable distances and accuracy, even when the ball is struck toward the heel or toe. The insert is made of 6061-T6 aluminum to provide a crisp feel and sound similar to a traditional steel face. Perimeter weighting in the 17-4 stainless steel heads and a well-balanced geometry add to forgiveness.
Available in Anser 2 (Slight Arc), B60 (Slight Arc), Shea (Slight Arc) and Craz-E Too (Straight) models. The Anser 2, B60, Shea carry a U.S. MSRP: $162.50 while the Craze-E Too has an MSRP of $192.50

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Home/BCC
BCCWCGLBTJ2018-01-12T12:30:59-05:00
Beth Chayim Chadashim
Visit BCC's Website
Beth Chayim Chadashim is a progressive and diverse community of people who come together to celebrate Jewish faith and culture. Started in 1972, we are the world's first synagogue founded by, and with an outreach to, lesbians and gay men. Today our community is an established and essential part of the religious life of Los Angeles. Our name means "House of New Life," and our services, social gatherings and broader activism work in concert to make our community unique and live up to its name. LA is a vibrant but often disjointed big city; BCC is an intimate, welcoming synagogue that brings warmth and perspective to its members and friends.
BCC was the first ever LGBTQ Synagogue!
People from BCC
Rabbi Lisa EdwardsSenior Rabbi at BCC
Rabbi Lisa Edwards, Ph.D., has been a Jewish lesbian activist from the pulpit, on the page and on the Web, in the classroom, and in the streets of Los Angeles for over two decades. Since 1994 she has been rabbi of Los Angeles congregation Beth Chayim Chadashim (BCC), "House of New Life," the first synagogue in the world founded by gays and lesbians [1972], and today an LGBTQS inclusive, progressive, diverse community celebrating Jewish faith and culture.
Cantor Juval PoratCantor at BCC
While in school, Juval Porat served as a cantorial soloist at several congregations. The passion for singing and service leadership bred by those experiences led him to pursue cantorial studies at the newly established Institute of Cantorial Arts in Berlin, part of the Abraham Geiger College. He spent his final academic year at the Hebrew Union College in Jerusalem, where he wrote a thesis on the development of the Friday evening liturgy in Germany, and in June 2009, was invested as the first cantor to be trained in Germany since World War II.


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RAIS COLLECTIVE VOLUME – ECONOMIC SCIENCE
Author(s): Fufa Eticha Gafesa, Bogale Berhanu Bent, Nelu Burcea, Ruth Asantewaa Owusu, Julia M. Puaschunder
Subject(s): Economic policy, Public Finances, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Business Ethics
Published by: Scientia Moralitas Research Institute
Keywords: Collective Volume; economics; business; finance;
Summary/Abstract: This volume contains five original papers which cover a wider area of economics for a broad international readership.
E-ISBN-13: 978-1-945298-11-0
Towards a Utility Theory of Privacy and Information Sharing and the Introduction of Hyper-Hyperbolic Discounting in the Digital Big Data Age
(Towards a Utility Theory of Privacy and Information Sharing and the Introduction of Hyper-Hyperbolic Discounting in the Digital Big Data Age)
Author(s): Julia M. Puaschunder
Subject(s): Behaviorism, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range: 4-46
No. of Pages: 42
Keywords: Behavioral Economics; Behavioral Political Economy; Democratization of information;
Summary/Abstract: Economics is concerned about utility. Utility theory captures people's preferences or values. As one of the foundations of economic theory, the wealth of information and theories on utility lacks information about decision-making conflicts between preferences and values. The preference for communication is inherent in human beings as a distinct feature of humanity. Leaving a written legacy that can inform many generations to come is a humane-unique advancement of society. At the same time, however, privacy is a core human value. People choose what information to share with whom and like to protect some parts of their selves by secrecy. Protecting people's privacy is a codified virtue around the globe grounded in the wish to uphold individual's dignity. Yet to this day, no utility theory exists to describe the internal conflict arising from the individual preference to communicate and the value of privacy. In the age of instant communication and social media big data storage and computational power; the need for understanding people's trade off between communication and privacy has leveraged to unprecedented momentum. For one, enormous data storage capacities and computational power in the e-big data era have created unforeseen opportunities for big data hoarding corporations to reap hidden benefits from individual's information sharing, which occurs bit by bit in small tranches over time. Behavioral economics describes human decision making fallibility over time but has – to this day – not covered the problem of individuals' decision to share information about themselves in tranches on social media and big data administrators being able to reap a benefit from putting data together over time and reflecting the individual's information in relation to big data of others.
Aggregation for Sustainable Traceability in Smallholder Coffee Producers: Cases of Ethiopia
(Aggregation for Sustainable Traceability in Smallholder Coffee Producers: Cases of Ethiopia)
Author(s): Fufa Eticha Gafesa
Subject(s): Economic development, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Keywords: coffee arabica; traceability,;cooperative unions; supply chain; barcode; aggregation;
Summary/Abstract: Ethiopia is the origin of coffee and home of genetic diversity to the coffee arabica species. The country is standing first in Africa and sixth in the world in coffee production (ICO 2018). Arabica coffee is the main cash crop, and has been the backbone of Ethiopian economy for so long time, even though its share is slowly decreasing with emerging of other sectors in the economy. Cost reductions, sustainability, value chain and quality improvement are now the major priorities in coffee production systems which substantially require huge efforts of various actors. On the other hand, the nature of production systems dominated by smallholder farmers in a conventional way kept the Ethiopian coffee far below the level it deserve indicating determinations to improve the entire value chain toward more conveniently reliable and value addition. As a result, smallholder farmers at micro level and the country by large have been losing possible premiums and price margins supposed to be gained by sustainably traceable coffee supply. Eventually, unless smallholder famers could aggregate their products in the cooperative/union framework it will be probably less promising for them to add values and thus improve their wellbeing just only by sticking to the traditional cycles of producing coffee and supplying to collectors or local traders.
The Impact of Microfinance on Poverty Reduction and Women Empowerment
(The Impact of Microfinance on Poverty Reduction and Women Empowerment)
Author(s): Bogale Berhanu Bent
Subject(s): Micro-Economics, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
Keywords: microfinance institutions; poverty; women;
Summary/Abstract: This paper is to examine the impact of microfinance on poverty reduction and women empowerment as perceived by microfinance institutions and experienced by aspiring women credit participant in Ethiopia. The study reviewed different literatures and broadly focused on social activities and economic empowerment of women beside household poverty reduction and economic development and the effect of household income, the objective of this study is to show how microfinance works, by using women participants for reducing poverty and how it affects the living standard (income, saving etc.) of the household poor people in Ethiopia, The microfinance institutions (MFIs) provide the opportunity for the people who are living under the poverty lines, the institution particularly encourage poor women households and the result will show that how poverty reduced by encouraging and providing access to finance poor household. Microfinance institutions are claimed to directly affect household income by encouraging productivity, increasing diversity of production and productivity, and maximizing the utilization of the available resources.
Business and Moralities
(Business and Moralities)
Author(s): Nelu Burcea
Subject(s): Business Economy / Management, Business Ethics
No. of Pages: 8
Keywords: Business; Morality: Ethics: Economics: Business Environment:
Summary/Abstract: This research paper aims to bring the business ethics into perspective through a theoretical approach of the terms ethics, morality and business in the desire to draw attention to the need for ethics in business and its impact on society and the business environment. It is often questioned why the association of these two terms is important as long as the purpose of business is the profit and not the correct behavioral or decisional conduct of an economic institution? Certainly the tension created between the two poles is not easy to reduce, what this paper seeks is to set the theoretical basis of the concept of business ethics and to have a theoretical approach both locally, with reference to Romania, but also an international approach, by trying to investigate the interest in terminology in various other economic and political areas.
The Role of Commercial Bank in Financing Small Scale Industries
(The Role of Commercial Bank in Financing Small Scale Industries)
Author(s): Ruth Asantewaa Owusu
Subject(s): National Economy, Economic policy, Developing nations, Public Finances
Page Range: 95-131
Keywords: SMEs; Economic Development; Bank finance;
Summary/Abstract: Bank finance has been found as an important source of funds for most firms in Ghana. The study assessed the impact of GCB SME LOAN on the activities of Small Scale Industries. The study used primary data which were designed and administered to SMEs customers of GCB and staff of GCB. A sample size of 170 made up of 20 staff of GCB bank and 150 owners of SME customers who deal with the bank and have benefited from the SME LOAN SUITE. The study concluded that with the use of GCB SME LOAN, there has been improvement in the profits of both the customers and bank. Also, the study identified four main challenges which were; increased in the amount of money, reduce interest rate, advertisement and extend the period of bridge loan that militate against the GCB SME LOAN of GCB bank. It was recommended that since GCB bank is contributing more to SMEs, they should give in their best to increase the amount of the loan and to extend the period of bridge loan to help boost their outreach.
The Future of Economics and Human Dignity: Economic and Theological Perspectives on the Meaning of 'Wealth' and 'Poverty' The Future of Economics and Human Dignity: Economic and Theological Perspectives on the Meaning of 'Wealth' and 'Poverty' 0 Global Migration: A Managerial "Cultural" Perspective Global Migration: A Managerial "Cultural" Perspective 0 BUSINESS ETHICS BUSINESS ETHICS 2014 Communication of Human Dignity —An approach on human rights Communication of Human Dignity —An approach on human rights 2016 Nudging in The Digital Big Data Era Nudging in The Digital Big Data Era 2017


Can you please describe under what circumstances you should use "gli", "i" and "li"
I translates the for masculine, plural nouns that begin with a consonant. Those nouns that are preceded by il in the singular take on i in the plural.
Gli can also be used as a pronoun to translate to him and, in colloquial speech, to them.
Gli do un fiore. I give him/them a flower. I give a flower to him/them.
Li is a only a pronoun and it's used to replace a direct object, more specifically a plural masculine direct object.
Vedo i libri. I see the books. Li vedo. I see them.
Vedo gli alberi. I see the trees. Li vedo. I see them.
Libro e albero are both masculine nouns in Italian.
 Thank you so much for your splendid resply. It has clarified the situation for me very well.