text:
Q: Strange exception during maven install, but build getting sucess While doing the maven install some strange exception popping out
 [WARNING] Exception while updating local OBR: Unable to read repository xml: file:/home/.m2/repository/repository.xml
 org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException: Unable to read repository xml: file:/home/.m2/repository/repository.xml
    at org.apache.felix.obrplugin.ObrUpdate.parseRepositoryXml(ObrUpdate.java:324)
    at org.apache.felix.obrplugin.ObrInstall.execute(ObrInstall.java:143)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:101)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:209)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:153)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:145)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:84)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:59)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.singleThreadedBuild(LifecycleStarter.java:183)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:161)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:320)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:156)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:537)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:196)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:141)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:290)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:230)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:409)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:352)
Caused by: org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException: unexpected type (position:END_DOCUMENT null@1:0 in java.io.InputStreamReader@34d475c1)
    at org.kxml2.io.KXmlParser.exception(Unknown Source)
    at org.kxml2.io.KXmlParser.nextTag(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.felix.bundlerepository.impl.PullParser.parseRepository(PullParser.java:43)
    at org.apache.felix.bundlerepository.impl.DataModelHelperImpl.repository(DataModelHelperImpl.java:147)
    at org.apache.felix.bundlerepository.impl.DataModelHelperImpl.repository(DataModelHelperImpl.java:118)
    at org.apache.felix.obrplugin.ObrUpdate.parseRepositoryXml(ObrUpdate.java:316)
... 22 more

This is the exception I'm getting while giving maven install. It occurs for all projects. I'm compiling OSGI-BUNDLES with maven. Changing the settings.xml is also not helping. I can't deploy my bundles in Karaf due to this error. Seems .m2/repository/repository.xml is empty.

A: Any Mojo Exception that occurs is due to the issue that some jar is not being downloaded properly during mvn install.
Try to delete your .m2 local repository and do a clean build again and see if you face the same problem again.
Also try to check the compatibility of Java verson with the Maven version you are using that can also cause an issue. dependency checking can also some time solve it as you may have forgotten to add the correct dependency in your pom.xml

A:  [WARNING] Exception while updating local OBR: Unable to read repository xml: file:/home/.m2/repository/repository.xml
On my machine this was because permissions on the repository.xml for my user were mysteriously removed. When i restored them, the error went away and everything behaved as expected.


text:
namespace tastefulserver {

HttpsCallbackServer::HttpsCallbackServer(const QSslCertificate & certificate, const QSslKey & privateKey, const RequestCallback & callback)
: HttpsServer(certificate, privateKey)
, m_callback(callback)
{
}

HttpsCallbackServer::~HttpsCallbackServer()
{
}

void HttpsCallbackServer::handleRequest(HttpSocket * socket, const HttpRequest & request)
{
    socket->send(m_callback(request));
}

} // namespace tastefulserver

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Tag Archives: benefits
Indians promised benefits of 100 smart cities, but the poor are sidelined again
Posted on January 7, 2019 by particularkev
Residents of slums like Kamla Nehru Nagar, a kilometre away from Patna Junction, have yet to share in the promised benefits of smart cities.
Sujeet Kumar, Author provided
Sujeet Kumar, Jawaharlal Nehru University
India's urban population is growing. More than 50% of the country's population is forecast to be living in cities by 2030. This is a major challenge for government because the country's cities lack the infrastructure (affordable housing, roads) and basic services (sanitation, water, health care) for existing inhabitants, let alone the influx of people over the next decade.
Globally, one in eight people live in slums where they face issues of durable housing, access to safe drinking water and toilets, and insecure tenure. In India, one in every six city residents lives in a slum.
Will India's experiment with smart cities tackle poverty – or make it worse?
Many Indian children are growing up in very disadvantaged circumstances. These two live in Mahmudi Chak slum next to Rajendra Nagar Railway Junction in Patna.
However, estimates of slum populations differ widely in many Indian cities due to differences in the counting criteria. For example, in cities like Mumbai and Delhi, it's estimated more than 50% of the population live in slums, but the 2011 Indian Census put the figures at 41.3% and 14.6% respectively.
Launching the national Smart Cities Mission in 2016, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said: "… if anything has the potential to mitigate poverty it is our cities". He said the mission, which has a target of 100 smart cities, aims to ensure access to basic services for the people. This includes houses for the urban poor.
The program aims to fulfil the aspirations and needs of the citizens through comprehensive development of institutional, physical, social and economic infrastructure. This comprehensive development would also ensure increased public participation, Modi said.
Villagers migrated to the Danapur Block slum after the Ganga river flooded.
Smart city plan has a dark side
In one of the 100 cities selected for the Smart City Mission, Patna (Bihar), I witnessed the flip side of the smart city. Patna, the state capital of Bihar, has a rich history, but 63% of its population lives in slums. And 93% of them are from the historically oppressed "scheduled castes" and "other backward castes" (based on data collected in 42 slums).
Demolished homes at Meena Bazar.
The city administration often demolishes slums without following due process of law in order to seize the land in the name of beautification and development of Patna.
In slums like Meena Bazar (near the famous Nalanda Medical College Hospital) and Amu Kuda Basti (near Patna Airport) people have been living there for generations in houses often partially funded by government housing projects. These have been bulldozed.
Riot police are on hand when slum dwellers' homes are demolished at Amu Kuda Basti.
The city administration usually makes ad-hoc loudspeaker announcements before bulldozing these settlements. A massive police presence and riot vehicles are on hand in case residents protest the demolitions. They use derogatory language and forcefully enter houses and thrash male members, say women in Amu Kuda Basti.
The government could have given them more time or relocated them elsewhere in the city, rather than just bulldozing their houses, which they had built with hard-earned money, the slum dwellers said.
Residents of slums like Amu Kuda Basti say houses they built with their own hard-earned money are being demolished with little notice.
There is apparently reason to smash these homes. There always is. The usual arguments for demolition include: beautification of the city, construction of a government building or enterprise, extension of the airport, crime locations, governance, illegality, encroachment etc. The state says demolitions of such slums are necessary for the development of the city.
Smart or dumb? The real impact of India's proposal to build 100 smart cities
In 2011, the state proposed a slum policy to relocate slum dwellers who had lived in the city for generations to the outskirts in a plan to develop Patna and make it a smart city, says Kishori Das, an advocate for the rights of slum dwellers for years. Faced with widespread protests, the state deferred the policy, but it is silently applying it on the ground, he said.
Who speaks for the marginalised poor?
These two leaders from Meena Bazar are among 84 community representatives, elected and non-elected, interviewed by the author.
Local and mainstream media are not reporting these demolitions and forced evictions, especially when it happens in non-metro cities like Patna. Civil society and advocacy NGOs also take little notice of these frequent demolitions, probably due to threats to life and, if not, then to co-option by the state. The roles of the ruling party and opposition are also dubious.
Bihar has been ruled by leaders who attracted votes by campaigning on issues of poverty, caste and social justice for the past three decades. In the early 1990s, the prominent leader Lalu Prasad Yadav mobilised the poor and the oppressed caste groups under the umbrella of "Vikas nahin, samman chahiye" (we want dignity, not development). The present chief minister, Nitish Kumar, also known as Sushaasan Babu (good governance man), adopted the slogan "Nyay ke saath vikas" (development with justice).
However, the frequent injustices suffered by the urban poor negate the political commitment. These actions are also in conflict with the motto of the Indian Constitution, which frames justice as a balancing wheel between the haves and have-nots.
Promises of social justice ring hollow for residents of bulldozed communities like Amu Kuda Basti.
These challenges are not limited to one city. In the name of smart and developed cities, the government is not only taking over urban land where millions of the poor have lived for decades but is also acquiring fertile land and violating the constitutional rights of farmers, tribes and other indigenous groups in various cities.
These reports of struggle and forced evictions contradict the statements by Modi when he said smart cities development would strictly follow large-scale public participation in preparing these plans.
Such demolitions reveal a dark side to making Indian cities smart and cast serious doubt on claimed government commitment to the urban poor. These actions hardly live up to the idea of the rights of the poor. It became more challenging when the head of the biggest democracy in the world denounces those who speak up for the poor, oppressed and voiceless as "urban Naxals".
In the words of Abraham Lincoln, democracy is "government of the people, by the people, for the people". For India, this means the urban poor need help both from political parties and civil society so that their voice finds expression and their demands and concerns are heard and considered in public policy.
Children sleep out in the open in a slum area in Harding Park, Patna.
Sujeet Kumar, Senior Research Fellow, Centre for the Study of Law and Governance, Jawaharlal Nehru University
Posted in economy, India, news, Politics	| Tagged article, benefits, cities, city, economy, India, Indians, news, Politics, poor, sidelined, smart | Leave a comment
Most of the benefits from the budget tax cuts will help the rich get richer
Chris Samuel/Flickr, CC BY-SA
Robert Tanton, University of Canberra and Jinjing Li, University of Canberra
In the federal budget, Treasurer Scott Morrison promised tax cuts to all working Australians in the form of an offset and changes to tax income thresholds. But our analysis of Treasury data shows that while the government advertised these as payments to low and middle income Australians, most of the benefits would flow through to high income earners in future years.
If all of the stages of the tax plan passed parliament, there would be a sharp increase in benefits for people earning above A$180,000, due to the reduction of their marginal tax rate from 45% to 32.5%.
https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/QA4kF/3/
Taxes in most countries are progressive. This means that the more you earn, the higher your marginal rate (the additional amount you pay for each dollar earned).
There are good reasons for this – progressive tax systems mean those on a lower income pay a lower average tax rate, while those on higher incomes pay a higher average tax rate. This reduces income inequality – as you earn more, for each dollar you earn, you will pay more in tax than someone on a lower income.
With the 2018-19 budget, the proposal is for a "simpler" tax system from 2024-25. This means a reduced number of tax brackets, and a lower rate of 32.5% to those earning between A$87,001 and A$200,000.
Treasurer Scott Morrison said following the budget:
Well, you've still got a progressive tax system. That hasn't changed. In fact, the percentage of people at the end of this plan, who are on the top marginal tax rate is actually slightly higher than what it is today.
However this new tax system from 2024-25 is less progressive than the current system. It means higher income inequality – the rich get more of the tax cuts than the poor.
As part of the new proposal, low and middle income earners get a tax offset in 2018-19, with high income earners getting very little. This part of the plan is progressive – more money goes to lower income earners.
However, by 2024-25, the tax cuts means high income earners gain A$7,225 per year, while those earning A$50,000 to A$90,000 gain A$540 per year, and those earning A$30,000 gain A$200 per year.
https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/iTzyr/3/
Of course, another factor of tax cuts is that they only benefit those who are employed. Tax cuts don't benefit people like the unemployed, pensioners, students (usually young people) and those on disability support pensions.
The conversation Australians need to have is how we should be spending the revenue boost we are seeing over the next few years. We can either spend this windfall gain on benefits to high income earners, in the hope that this will flow through spending to everyone else; or maybe we should encourage young people into housing through an increase to the first home owners grant, or increased funding for our schools, universities and health system.
We've developed a budget calculator so you can see how your family is affected by the 2018 budget.
Robert Tanton, Professor, University of Canberra and Jinjing Li, Associate Professor, NATSEM, University of Canberra
Posted in Australia, economy, Liberal Party, National Party, news, Politics	| Tagged 2018, article, Australia, benefits, budget, Coalition, economy, Liberal Party, National Party, news, Politics, rich, richer, tax, tax cuts, taxation | Leave a comment
Labor benefits from completed draft boundaries, plus South Australian and Tasmanian final results
As a result of the electoral boundary changes, Labor notionally gained two seats in Victoria and one in the ACT, and the Coalition lost two seats in Victoria.
AAP/Tony McDonough
Adrian Beaumont, University of Melbourne
On April 6, the Electoral Commission announced draft boundaries for Victoria and the ACT, with both jurisdictions gaining a House seat. Victoria went from 37 to 38 seats, and the ACT from two to three.
As a result of these changes, Labor notionally gained two seats in Victoria and one in the ACT, and the Coalition lost two seats in Victoria.
Poll wrap: Labor maintains its lead as voters reject company tax cuts; wins on redrawn boundaries
On Friday, draft boundaries were announced for South Australia, with that state dropping from 11 seats to ten. According to The Poll Bludger, the safe Labor-held seat of Port Adelaide is to be abolished, but the new seat of Spence (formerly Wakefield), Adelaide and Hindmarsh become much safer for Labor.
Margins in Liberal-held seats were not greatly affected by the redistribution. Boothby has been reduced from a 3.5% to a 2.8% Liberal margin, and the SA-BEST-held seat of Mayo goes from a 5.4% to a 3.3% Liberal vs Labor margin. After SA-BEST performed poorly in the South Australian election, Mayo is an opportunity for either major party.
After the next election, there will be 151 seats in the House of Representatives, up from the current 150. The Coalition will notionally hold 74 seats (down two), Labor 71 (up two), and the five current cross-benchers notionally hold their seats. The new Victorian seat of Cox (formerly Corangamite) is too close to call on the new boundaries between the Liberals and Labor.
On the new boundaries, Labor requires just a five-seat gain to win a majority, while the Coalition needs to gain two seats to retain its majority.
The draft boundaries will go through a further consultation process before they are finalised. Final boundaries will be gazetted (become official) by July 20. If an election is called before all boundaries are gazetted, emergency redistributions are used. These emergency redistributions have never been used.
An election of the House and half the Senate could be called in early July, before the new boundaries are gazetted. However, according to the ABC's Antony Green, the Coalition would lose from the emergency redistributions.
South Australian election final result: 25 Liberals, 19 Labor, 3 Independents
At the South Australian election held on March 17, the Liberals won 25 of the 47 lower house seats (up three since the 2014 election), Labor 19 (down four) and independents three (up one).
The Liberals won the two party vote by a 51.9-48.1 margin, but this represented a 1.1% swing to Labor from 2014, when Labor clung to power despite losing the popular vote 53.0-47.0.
Primary votes were 38.0% Liberal (down 6.8%), 32.8% Labor (down 3.0%), 14.2% SA-BEST, 6.7% Greens (down 2.1%) and 3.0% Conservatives (down 3.2% from Family First's 2014 vote).
In South Australia, there is a fairness clause that requires boundaries to be drawn so a party with over 50% of the two party vote should win the election. The boundaries used at this election notionally gave the Liberals 26 seats, Labor 20 and one independent (Geoff Brock in Frome).
Xenophon's SA-BEST slumps in a South Australian Newspoll, while Turnbull's better PM lead narrows
On the new boundaries, both major parties lost a seat to independents who had defected during the last parliamentary term. The Liberals gained King from Labor, but Labor gained Mawson from the Liberals. In Mawson, sitting Labor member Leon Bignell had a 4.5% swing in his favour, just overcoming a hostile redistribution.
Liberals win South Australian election as Xenophon crushed, while Labor stuns the Greens in Batman
Conservative commentators such as Graham Richardson have blamed Labor's loss partly on its renewable energy policies. Between 2011 and 2014, Labor governments that had been in power for 14 to 16 years were smashed in New South Wales, Queensland and Tasmania. In South Australia, Labor had a two party swing in its favour. Renewable energy probably helped Labor, rather than damaged it.
The upper house results have not yet been finalised. In the race for the final seat, Labor has 3.46 quotas and the Conservatives 0.42. With preferences to come from Animal Justice, Dignity, SA-BEST and the Liberal Democrats, it is likely that Labor's fourth candidate will defeat the Conservatives.
Final Tasmanian result: 13 Liberals, ten Labor, two Greens
At the Tasmanian election held on March 3, the Liberals won 13 of the 25 lower house seats (down two since the 2014 election), Labor won ten (up three) and the Greens two (down one). This is the first time a single party has had a one-seat majority at a Tasmanian election since 1978.
Liberals romp to emphatic victory in Tasmanian election
There were two seats contested between different parties that were undecided on election night. In Franklin, the Greens won the final seat by 226 votes or 0.02 quotas against the Liberals. Labor gained a seat from the Liberals.
Final primary votes gave the Liberals 2.90 quotas, Labor 2.06, the Greens 0.86 and the Shooters 0.17. As expected, the Liberals greatly benefited from Shooters' preferences, but were damaged by within-ticket leakage. With only Labor votes left (they had 2.20 quotas at this point), the final Liberal led the final Green by just 81 votes. Labor's votes then flowed strongly to the Greens.
In Bass, the Liberals had 3.53 quotas, Labor 1.58 and the Greens 0.56. At the three-way crunch point, the Liberals were just behind the Greens and Labor and were excluded. On Liberal preferences, Labor comfortably defeated the Greens by 801 votes or 0.07 quotas, thus gaining a seat from the Greens.
Final statewide vote shares were 50.3% Liberal (down 1.0% since 2014), 32.6% Labor (up 5.3%), 10.3% Greens (down 3.5%) and 3.2% Jacqui Lambie Network. This was the Greens' lowest Tasmanian vote since 1998, when they received 10.2% – their vote has more than halved since they won 21.6% in 2010.
I believe the Greens' poor result was mostly because Labor has a young left-wing leader in Rebecca White, and Labor's anti-pokies policy attracted Greens' voters.
The upper house was not up for election. The 15 members of the Tasmanian upper house are elected for rotating six-year terms in single-member electorates. Every May, two or three electorates are up. Labor has four upper house seats, and there are four left-wing independents, so the left currently controls the upper house.
Dems easily win Virginia and New Jersey governors. Left gains control of Tas upper house
New South Wales March ReachTEL: 52-48 to Coalition
A New South Wales ReachTEL poll for The Sydney Morning Herald, conducted March 15 from a sample of 1,521, gave the Coalition a 52-48 lead, unchanged since October 2017. Excluding 6.2% undecided, primary votes were 44.7% Coalition (up 3.8%), 34.6% Labor (up 0.9%), 10.0% Greens (up 0.1%) and 5.4% One Nation (down 3.5%).
Incumbent Gladys Berejiklian led Opposition Leader Luke Foley 52.3-47.7 as better Premier in ReachTEL's forced choice question. By 59-26, voters opposed the government spending $2.5 billion on constructing new stadiums.
Adrian Beaumont, Honorary Associate, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne
Posted in ALP, Australia, news, Politics, South Australia, Tasmania	| Tagged ALP, article, Australia, benefits, boundaries, draft, Labor Party, news, Politics, redistribution, South Australia, Tasmania | Leave a comment
US shouldn't give up benefits of 'green card lottery' over low risk of terrorism
Posted on November 2, 2017 by particularkev
The Statue of Liberty casts a wary eye at the bike path that runs along the western edge of Manhattan, where the Oct. 31 attack occurred.
Songquan Deng/Shutterstock.com
Ethan Lewis, Dartmouth College
After a man barreled down a New York City bike path on Oct. 31, killing eight, President Donald Trump reacted by calling for an end to the "green card lottery" program that allowed the attacker to enter the country.
The Diversity Immigrant Visa Program, as it is officially known, has been in the sights of the president for a while. In August, Trump publicly backed a GOP bill that would end the program and replace it with a merit-based system.
Trump and his fellow Republicans have long decried illegal immigration, but they have traditionally favored the legal kind, partly because their business donors demand it.
As someone who researches the impact of immigration on workers, I believe their plans to change who can enter the country legally is a big mistake. We would be giving up a program that benefits American workers with very little chance of a gain in safety.
While the driver reportedly entered the country through a green card, very few Americans have been killed by recipients of such visas.
AP Photo/Bebeto Matthews
Curbing immigration
While Trump's tweets about the lottery program are based on security concerns, the usual argument supporting curbs on immigration is that new arrivals hurt native-born American workers and the economy at large.
I'll leave analyzing the security concerns to other experts; suffice it to say that the risk, according to experts, is very small. Green card holders have killed just 16 people – including yesterday – in terror attacks on U.S. soil since 1975.
As for the economic impact on U.S.-born workers, the key thing to bear in mind is that the more homogeneous and similar immigrants are to natives, the greater the odds they'll in fact have a negative effect.
In contrast, immigrants who come from diverse backgrounds with a range of skills – such as the lottery winners and the so-called "Dreamers" – tend to produce greater economic benefits. That may be one reason at least some Republicans and most Americans are in favor of keeping the Deferred Action for Child Arrivals program that protects the Dreamers from deportation, which Trump recently ended.
A new approach
Currently, the U.S. receives a lot of immigrants without a college degree or with imperfect English. About half of immigrants fit either description.
https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/y6110/3/
Legislation proposed earlier this summer – the Reforming American Immigration for Strong Employment (RAISE) Act – would exclude most such workers and reduce the total number of green cards awarding permanent legal U.S. residence to just over 500,000 from more than one million today.
It would also end the green card lottery, which awards 50,000 green cards a year to people from countries with low rates of immigration to the U.S.
Importantly, it would also change who gets a leg up when applying for a green card. Currently, family of U.S. citizens and legal permanent residents, including siblings and adult children, are able to apply. The new system would limit that to minor children and spouses.
Instead, the bill would create a point-based system like those used in countries such as the U.K. and Australia that use factors such as English ability, education and job offers to rank applicants. However, it would be stricter than point systems used in those countries, which admit immigrants through other programs as well.
In essence, the plan would make the pool of immigrants more homogeneous and dramatically smaller in number, mirroring the misguided origin-based restrictions from the 1920s.
The DACA program's inherent diversity is what makes it a boon for the U.S. economy.
AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais
What economists say
Those who wish to restrict immigration often cite what they naïvely call "supply-and-demand economics" to essentially argue that the economy is a fixed pie that gets divided among a country's residents. Fewer immigrants means "more pie" for the U.S.-born, as the story goes.
I am an economist, and this is not what my colleagues and I say. The commonplace argument that more immigrants, by themselves, lower wages and take jobs from Americans – an argument which Attorney General Jeff Sessions used to defend ending the "Dreamers" program – has neither empirical nor theoretical support in economics. It is just a myth.
Instead, both theory and empirical research show that immigration, including people with few skills and little English, grows the pie and strengthens the American workforce.
The main registry building on Ellis Island is shown in this 1905 photo. It was once the nation's gateway for millions of immigrants.
Value in diversity
While all the recently proposed changes to our immigration system will make U.S. workers worse off, the English requirement is likely to be particularly harmful to U.S. workers, especially low-skilled ones.
Indeed, I have found the relative fluency of U.S.-born workers is what keeps them from being harmed from labor market competition from immigrants.
The reason for this is the following. Essentially, immigrants with imperfect English skills tend to specialize in jobs that are less "communication-intensive," such as manual labor. Americans fluent in the language, on the other hand, tend to take on higher-paying, communication-intensive jobs that are out of reach of those without a strong grasp of English. In other words, these groups aren't likely to compete for the same jobs, making them more complementary than adversarial.
In contrast, when new immigrants are more fluent in English, something the Trump-backed proposal would encourage, the types of occupations they are qualified for are almost identical to those of American workers. Thus, insisting on strong English skills as a condition of coming to America is likely to increase labor market competition and suppress wages.
When Congress in 1964 ended the Bracero program, which allowed large numbers of Mexicans to work on U.S. farms, neither wages nor employment rates of American workers rose.
Immigration that helps
Immigration that emphasizes diversity, rather than merely merit, tends to attract more people who specialize in occupations uncommon among U.S.-born workers. And, in fact, this is the key source of the well-known economic benefits of immigration.
Studies by economists Giovanni Peri and Chad Sparber, for example, show this tendency toward job specialization is a key reason the large volume of low-skill immigration does not drive down incomes of Americans. Other research by Peri and Gianmarco Ottaviano shows that simply encouraging immigration from diverse origins lifts wages.
Put differently, there is direct evidence that the sort of diversity that the green card lottery encourages makes all Americans better off. It would be a shame to give all of that up because of a tiny risk of terrorism.
This is an updated version of an article originally published on Sept. 15, 2017.
Ethan Lewis, Associate Professor of Economics, Dartmouth College
Posted in ISIL - Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, Islam, New York, news, USA, War on Terror	| Tagged article, attack, benefits, green card, immigration, Is, ISIL, Isis, Islam, Islamic State, Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, lottery, low, Muslim, muslims, New York, news, risk, terrorism, terrorist, USA | Leave a comment
The costs of a casual job are now outweighing any pay benefits
Posted on September 5, 2017 by particularkev
Joshua Healy, University of Melbourne and Daniel Nicholson, University of Melbourne
Low wages growth has been a spectre hanging around the Australian economy for some time. In our series What We Earn we unpick the causes for this and why some workers might be feeling it more than others.
Workers aren't being compensated as much as they should be for precarious work in casual positions.
One in four Australian employees today is a casual worker. Among younger workers (15-24 year olds) the numbers are higher still: more than half of them are casuals.
These jobs come without some of the benefits of permanent employment, such as paid annual holiday leave and sick leave. In exchange for giving up these entitlements, casual workers are supposed to receive a higher hourly rate of pay – known as a casual "loading".
But the costs of casual work are now outweighing the benefits in wages.
Costs and benefits of casual work
Casual jobs offer flexibility, but also come with costs. For workers, apart from missing out on paid leave, there are other compromises: less predictable working hours and earnings, and the prospect of dismissal without notice. Uncertainty about their future employment can hinder casual workers in other ways, such as making family arrangements, getting a mortgage, and juggling education with work.
Not surprisingly, casual workers have lower expectations about keeping their current job. For example the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) found 19% expect to leave their job within 12 months, compared to 7% of other workers. Casuals are also much less likely to get work-related training, which limits their opportunities for skills development.
The employers of casual workers also face higher costs. High staff turnover adds to recruitment costs. But perhaps the main cost is the "loading" that casual workers are supposed to be paid on top of their ordinary hourly wage.
Australia's system of minimum wage awards specifies a casual loading of 25%. So, a casual worker paid under an award should get 25% more for each hour than another worker doing the same job on a permanent basis. In enterprise agreements, the casual loading varies by sector, but tends to be between 15 and 25%.
The practice of paying a casual loading developed for two reasons. One was to provide some compensation for workers missing out on paid leave. The other, quite different, motivation was to make casual employment more expensive and discourage excessive use of it. However this disincentive has not prevented the casual sector of the workforce from growing substantially.
Casual jobs aren't much better paid
One approach in determining whether casual workers are paid more is simply to compare the hourly wages of casual and "non-casual" (permanent and fixed-term) employees in the same occupations. This can be done using data from the 2016 ABS Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours.
We compared median hourly wages for adult non-managerial employees, based on their ordinary earnings and hours of work (i.e. excluding overtime payments). If the median wage for casuals is higher than for non-casuals, there is a casual premium. If the median casual wage is lower, there is a penalty.
The 10 occupations below accounted for over half of all adult casual workers in 2016. In most of these occupations, there is a modest casual wage premium – in the order of 4-5%.
https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/9OfmG/2/
The size of the typical casual wage premium is much smaller, in most cases, than the loadings written into awards and agreements. Only one occupation (school teachers) has a premium (22%) in line with what might be expected.
Three of the 10 largest casual occupations actually penalise this sort of work. And overall for these 10 occupations there is a casual wage penalty of 5%. This method of analysis suggests that few casual workers enjoy substantially higher wages as a trade-off for paid leave.
Taking a closer look involves controlling for a wider range of differences between casual and non-casual workers. One major Australian study in 2005 compared wages after taking account of many factors other than occupation, including age, education, job location, and employer size.
All else equal, it found that part-time, casual workers do receive an hourly wage premium over full-time, permanent workers. The premium is worth around 10%, on average, for men and between 4 and 7% for women.
These results imply that most casual workers (who are in part-time positions) can expect to receive higher hourly wages than comparable employees in full-time, permanent positions. However, the value of the benefit is again found to be less than would be expected, given the larger casual loadings mentioned in awards and agreements.
It seems that while there is some short-term financial benefit to being a casual worker, this advantage is worth less in practice than on paper.
A recent study, using 14 years of data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (HILDA), finds no evidence of any long-term pay benefit for casual workers.
The study's authors estimate that, among men, there is an average casual wage penalty of 10% – the opposite of what we should see if casual loadings fully offset the foregone leave and insecurity of casual jobs. Among female casual workers, there is also a wage penalty, but this is smaller, at around 4%.
This study also finds that the size of the negative casual wage effect tends to reduce over time for individual workers, bringing them closer to equality with permanent workers. But very few casual workers out-earn permanent workers in the long-term.
Inferior jobs, but fewer alternatives
The evidence on hourly wage differences leads us to conclude that casual workers are not being adequately compensated for the lack of paid leave, or for other forms of insecurity they face. This makes casual jobs a less appealing option for workers.
This does not mean that all casual workers dislike their jobs – indeed, many are satisfied. But a clear-eyed look at what these jobs pay suggests their benefits are skewed in favour of employers.
Despite this, the choice for many workers – especially young jobseekers – is increasingly between a casual job or no job at all. Half of employed 15-24 year olds are in casual jobs.
In a labour market characterised by high underemployment and intensifying job competition, young people with little or no work experience are understandably willing to make some sacrifices to get a start in the workforce. The option of "holding out" for a permanent job looks increasingly risky as these opportunities dwindle.
Joshua Healy, Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Workplace Leadership, University of Melbourne and Daniel Nicholson, Research Assistant, Industrial Relations, University of Melbourne
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Benefits of a Good Night's Sleep
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Christianity and Social Benefits
The following article reports on a Christianity that is 'acceptable' to the world, but yet lacks the true power of the real thing. What do you think?
http://online.worldmag.com/2012/04/11/doughnut-shaped-religion/
Posted in Christianity, The Church	| Tagged acceptable, article, benefits, Christian, Christianity, Christians, lacks, power, real, social, thing, world | Leave a comment
Greece: Pedophilia Added to List of Disabilities
The article below reports on an unbelieveable situation in Greece – pedophilia being added to a list of disabilities! Does this mean pedophiles now qualify for disability benefits? You have to be kidding??? No, it seems they aren't.
http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/outrage-as-greece-adds-pedophilia-to-list-of-disabilities
Posted in crime, Greece, Health and Fitness	| Tagged added, article, benefits, disabilities, disability, Greece, link, list, pedophiles, pedophilia, qualify | Leave a comment

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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by Village Voice
Chef Einat Admony and her husband, Stefan Nafziger, were already at the forefront of Middle Eastern cooking in New York: They followed up Taïm, a celebrated falafel shop, with Balaboosta, a Mediterranean restaurant that borrows heavily from the Middle Eastern canon. They've only expanded that legacy with Bar Bolonat, which came online in 2014. Here, Admony draws directly from her Israeli upbringing, modernizing and upgrading favorite street-food staples — like the Jerusalem bagel — and gracefully executing traditional items like the Yemenite curry and tagine. Months ago, the chef told us that her goal was to expose people to what this region's food is about. In doing so, she has also opened a window into what Middle Eastern food can be — a cornerstone of high-stakes dining in this city. This menu is a thrill ride through deeply nuanced flavors, showcased in inventive dishes you won't find anywhere else.
More:Bar Bolonat


Near UV and Blue radiation hazard according to the IEC62471 standard.
The combinations of advanced analyzing techniques and scientific know-how allows the identification of the different failure mechanism on LED systems.
All the failure analysis techniques may be paired and performed during stress test of the LED samples. Degradation mechanisms and lifetime models are extracted by means of accelerated stress analysis.
Degradation mechanisms and lifetime models are extracted by means of accelerated stress analysis.


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Frontside Coffee Roasters
Posted on December 16, 2021 by Brian Williams
Today's Coffee Spot was a chance discovery that Amanda and I made following a short hike at Diana's Baths, a beauty spot in the White Mountains in New Hampshire. Amanda spotted Frontside Coffee Roasters as we drove through North Conway on our way there, so we decided to call in on our way back, expecting nothing more than somewhere warm to have a late lunch. Instead we found a wonderful coffee shop, roasting and serving some exceptional single-origin coffees.
Frontside has been in its current location on White Mountain Highway, the main drag through North Conway, for ten years, although it's been in existence in one form or another for over twenty. Occupying a large, corner plot, there's a small parking lot at the back (behind which is the roastery) while there's a large outdoor seating area off to the right with plenty more seating inside.
All the coffee is roasted in-house with two options on espresso (one blend, one single-origin), another blend on batch brew, plus two single-origins on pour-over. Naturally, all the beans are available to buy in retail bags. If you're hungry, Frontside offers a selection of breakfast biscuits, a range of bagels and plenty of cake.
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Frontside Coffee Roasters is on the corner with Kearsarge Road, just across White Mountain Highway from the Conway Scenic Railroad. My first inkling that we were onto something special came when I spotted the roastery behind the parking lot. Peeking through the window, it just had that look about it.
Frontside occupies a standalone, single-storey building that was probably once two units. To the right, a large, fenced-off outdoor seating area extends from the front of Fireside to the pavement, wrapping around the right-hand side to provides access to the parking lot. In all, there are about a dozen tables, each seating between two and four people. To the left, a wide path leads to the double doors in the middle of Frontside, while to the left of that, another pair of tables stand on the broad pavement.
Frontside is similarly split inside. You enter via a large, glass-walled foyer into the left-hand part. This has retail shelves, the counter and most of the seating, the remainder in a smaller section to the right, which has a separate door to the outdoor seating area. Clever use of standalone retail shelving and other furnishings create distinct seating areas, separating customers from those ordering at the counter, no doubt a response to COVID-19. This results in a clear path from the doors to the enclosed counter at the back, where you order and collect your food (kitchen to the left) and drinks (right-hand side of the counter).
The first seating area is on the left, behind two tall, standalone retail units, packed with merchandising and retail bags of coffee. A three-person window-bar runs the full width of the window at the front, while two four-person tables line the left-hand wall, with a pair of two-person tables against the retail shelves. Finally, in the back, left-hand corner, two low armchairs share a small coffee table.
The second, smaller seating area is to the right, occupying the front half of the shop. There's a two-person table on the left, next to the door, with a two- and four-person table against a box seat that runs under the window at the front. Finally, a pair of sofas face each other across a low coffee table in back, right-hand corner.
Frontside offers pre-made breakfast sandwiches on (American) biscuits, with various combinations of egg, cheese, bacon and sausage as fillings. Then there are the bagels, with four types on offer, which can be had toasted with a range of toppings, or a variety of fillings. Finally, there's the soup of the day, plus, of course, plenty of cakes and pastries.
Frontside has a variety of drinks, including draft beer, smoothies, iced tea, flavoured lattes and cold brew, although the real draw is the (hot) coffee. During our visit, the Workin' Mans' Spro was on espresso, along with a naturally-processed Ethiopia Sidamo. This was also on pour-over through the V60, along with a Costa Rica Tarrazu, while the Frontside Blend was on batch brew.
I love comparing the same coffee through different preparation methods, so when Amanda ordered the Ethiopia Sidamo as a pour-over, I had it as an espresso. This turned out to a well-rounded, complex shot with plenty of body, particularly for a such light roast, while the pour-over had the same rich complexity (Amanda really liked it, by the way).
We each had a bagel, the Lox for Amanda (smoked salmon, cream cheese) and avocado for me, which was really good, but was a little heavy on the pepper, leaving my mouth tingling afterwards and leaving me relieved that I'd drunk my espresso first!
December 2021: Frontside Coffee Roasters was a runner-up for the 2021 Most Unlikely Place to Find a Coffee Spot Award.
WHITE MOUNTAIN HIGHWAY • NORTH CONWAY • NH 03860 • USA
https://frontsidecoffee.com +1 603 356 3603
Monday 06:30 – 17:00 Roaster Frontside Coffee Roasters (espresso + filter)
Tuesday 06:30 – 17:00 Seating Tables, Window-bar; Tables (outside)
Wednesday 06:30 – 17:00 Food Breakfast Biscuits, Bagels, Cake
Sunday 06:30 – 17:00 Power Yes
Chain No Visits 28th November 2021
This entry was posted in Breakfast, Cafe/Roaster, Cafes, Cake, Coffee & Beer, Coffee Gardens, Laptop Friendly, Lunch, North Conway, NH, Retailers and tagged Frontside, include, USA2021-11 by Brian Williams. Bookmark the permalink.
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Typical energy values per 100g: 1279kJ/306kcal.
Pre-heat the oven to 180C/160C Fan/Gas 4. Line a 25cm x 38cm swiss roll tin with baking paper. Melt the chocolate in a bowl over a pan of simmering water but don't let the bowl touch the water. Leave to cool for 10 minutes.
Separate the egg whites and yolks into 2 large bowls. Whisk the whites to stiff peaks. Add 25g of the caster sugar and whisk again. Then whisk the yolks with 150g caster sugar until thick and pale – the whisk should leave a trail when lifted.
Whisk the chocolate gently into the yolk mixture then fold in the whites. Transfer to the tin and bake for 20 minutes or until the top feels springy. Cover with 2 clean tea towels, leave to cool for 10 minutes, then wrap cling film around the sponge, tin and tea towels and cool on a rack for at least 6 hours – this will make the roulade easier to roll.
Decorate just before serving. Lightly beat the egg white in a bowl and sprinkle caster sugar onto a plate. Roll the raspberries, one at a time, in the egg white, then dip in the sugar to get a frosted effect.
Turn out the roulade on to a sheet of baking paper dusted with caster sugar. Peel off the lining paper then trim each edge of the sponge to neaten. Whip the cream until it holds its shape and spread half of it over the top. Scatter with the rasberries. Roll up the sponge, using the paper to help. It may crack, but don't worry – it will still look and taste fantastic.
Put the roulade on a serving plate and cover with the remaining cream. Dust the top with cocoa powder, arrange the chocolate stars, then serve.


HydroSeeding which is sometimes also called hydraulic mulch seeding, hydro-mulching, or hydraseeding is a planting process in which a slurry containing seed, hydro seeding mulch, fertilizer and a tackifier (bonding agent) is sprayed onto the ground. The slurry is transported in a truck or trailer mounted tank to the job site and sprayed over prepared ground in a uniform layer. In remote areas hydro seeding is sometimes also done using helicopter. Hydro seeding offers many advantages to the traditional process of broadcasting or sowing dry seed. It promotes quick germination and inhibits soil erosion. It is also a very cost effective alternative to sod and offers a significant cost savings as well as many other benefits.


Purchase tickets by phone: (760) 870-1133.
To purchase tickets by phone, call (760) 870-1133. To purchase gift certificates, Click Here. For Private Group Tour information, Click Here.
Desert Tasty Tours is the Palm Springs area's first food tour company, offering a culinary journey along El Paseo, in Palm Desert, CA and Palm Canyon Drive in downtown Palm Springs.
The Palm Springs and Palm Desert areas, located an easy 2-hour drive from Los Angeles, Orange County, and San Diego, are no stranger to annual art, food and wine festivals. However, there was no permanent offering for locals and visitors alike to experience a culinary journey and learn about the art, architecture, and history of these cities and the surrounding Coachella Valley. Desert Tasty Tours was born out of the desire to provide such an experience.
The fabulous boulevard of El Paseo is a dining, shopping and art district like no other. With sculptures lining the medians of this unique destination, art is an integral part of the street's visual appeal. While Palm Desert is a relatively young city (incorporated in 1974), it has a fascinating history, has become a cultural mecca and attracts the rich and famous. Our entertaining tour guides will give you the inside scoop!
Palm Springs is rich in history, first settled by the Cahuilla Indians, and has been, and continues to be the playground to the stars — Hollywood East. On this tour of downtown restaurants, learn about the Hollywood connection, famous architecture, popular events and what continues to make the city a unique resort destination that is on the move.
If you are just visiting the area, we suggest you experience Desert Tasty Tours at the beginning of your stay as to not miss the fabulous restaurants, specialty stores and shops you will see along the way. Plus, we highly recommend you save time after the tour to shop at the one-of-a kind- boutiques and your retail favorites you'll see along the way.
We look forward to seeing you on our fun, educational culinary journey that is Desert Tasty Tours.
Please note this is a mailing address only. The tour meeting locations are provided at time of purchase.
Kristy founded Desert Tasty Tours in 2012. She has lived in the Palm Springs area for 25 years and spent 10 years as the director of marketing for the City of Palm Desert. After being involved with several art, food and wine festivals, she decided these experiences should be offered on a more permanent basis rather than just once a year. Kristy loves the outdoors, is an avid tennis player and can be found guiding many of the Desert Tasty Tours.
Kay's hospitality career began nearly three decades ago as a Destination Event Manager, working closely with corporate groups bringing events to the Palm Springs and Bay Area. Today, she enjoys her tour guide role at Desert Tasty Tours as an enthusiastic "ambassador" showcasing wonderful culinary delights, along with fun facts and information unique to the beautiful Coachella Valley.
© 2015 Food Tour Pros. All Rights Reserved.


I'm a little late posting this, finals are nuts right now. The 2017 turkey season has been nothing short of frustrating and humbling. Seems like the birds just aren't doing what they normally do. I have been hunting nearly everyday though in hopes of catching a break, last Tuesday I finally caught one.
I was actually walking up the stairs to take a nap, when I thought I heard a faint gobble, one hit on the glass call and it was confirmed. I ran up the hill for the first of 3 set ups, in a 3hr saga. After the 3rd setup I finally eliminated what was hanging him up, which was just some thicker underbrush.
He came back for a 3rd time and this time marched his way to 5yards into my Jake decoy. He was looking for a fight, and my omega gave him one. I hit a little back from where I was looking, and even though he got his wings under him he had no landing gear and his legs were useless due to a woodsman through both hips. A quick follow up shot followed and I just laid back in the grass and caught my breath. Finally the skunk had ended!
He was a 2yr old bird no doubt, 1" spurs and 9.5in beard. Took him with an Omega, 42@29 gold tip blems, and woodsman head. He bled like crazy even in the air, which I was happy about.
His crawl was completely packed with acorns. I thought that was cool.
The footage turned out great.
Thanks for looking a good luck the rest of this spring!!
Very nice. Nothing is more exciting than taking a turkey with a bow.
Great pictures! Glad you got another arrow in him, they are some tough animals, Congrats!
Way to go Dalton! I wish I could get out this season after the birds, But I'm stuck trying to get one house sold and another one bought!
Looks like a good time. Way to go!
Congrats to you! Way to go!
Nice set of pics...congrats on a nice bird.
Excellent, nice freeze frame of arrow impact...way to stick with it.


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K'Lee names her top 10 Michael Jackson songs ever
What's Fresh 26/06/2017
It's been 8 years since the King Of Pop aka Michael Jackson passed at 50 at his home in Los Angeles.
He was known globally for creating timeless music across multiple genres, and the whole world was left mourning after hearing the news that he had gone into cardiac arrest.
As we remember MJ here at Mai, we asked K'Lee to tell us her top 10 Michael Jackson tracks of all time. It was quite a struggle for her to rattle 10 off, as there are so many songs she could have chosen but she has given ten songs - although she says that they are in no particular order.
10. Black & White
9. Human Nature
8. Man In The Mirror
5. Wanna Be Starting Something
4. Don't Stop Til You Get Enough
3. Thriller
2. Girlfriend
1. My PYT


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Prep volleyball: Windom Area nips WHS in intense battle
AARON HAGEN Daily Globe WINDOM -- There weren't many easy points in Thursday night's intense, highly-competitive volleyball match between Windom Area and Worthington. "That's volleyball. You gotta love it, right?," WA head coach Ron Wendorff said...
Aaron Hagen/Daily Globe Windom Area's Madison Maras (9) delivers a hit Thursday night against Worthington rival Emily Shaffer (10) in Windom. The Eagles won the volleyball match 3-1.
By Daily Globe
AARON HAGEN
Daily Globe
WINDOM -- There weren't many easy points in Thursday night's intense, highly-competitive volleyball match between Windom Area and Worthington.
"That's volleyball. You gotta love it, right?," WA head coach Ron Wendorff said. "That's the way volleyball is supposed to be played.
"My hats off to Worthington, they gave us everything they had and we definitely had to give them everything we had to win this one. It was a great volleyball match and it's going to make us better down the stretch."
Windom Area defeated Worthington 3-1 in a tight match throughout.
"That was real intense, but we knew that coming in," WA's Porsha Porath said. "We prepared for it. We knew with that them taking a set from Jackson, we were going to have to go out there and put it out on the line. I think we did really well tonight."
The Trojans (3-2) won the first set 31-29, but the Eagles (3-1) won the final three, 25-19, 25-20 and 25-22.
"I thought it was a great battle," WHS head coach Jessica Hogan said. "I thought both teams played really hard. There was just some outstanding volleys and great hustle by both teams. I think when you get to a high level of volleyball, you're going to go back and forth like that. You have to be able to earn your own points because no one is going to give you any points. Windom for sure does a good job of making you earn everything you get."
Porath led the Eagles with 24 kills, while Madison Maras had 18 kills and 14 digs. Halle Jackson had 36 set assists.
"I have to give it to my setters," Porath said. "They put the ball up for me. I wouldn't be able to hit and get kills if they didn't get the ball to me."
The Trojans were led by Abbi Mulder's nine kills and four blocks. Maddi Woll had eight kills, seven digs and was 20 for 20 serving with two aces, while Nyamer Diew had seven kills. Cassidy Bruns had 12 digs and was 15 for 16 serving with one ace, Anneke Weg had 31 set assists and three ace serves and Emma Thuringer had seven blocks.
The Trojans took control of Game 1, leading by as many as five early before the Eagles rallied. WA had three game points, but each time, WHS had an answer and ultimately won the game. However, the second game went to the Eagles by six points. The third and fourth sets were both close throughout, but the Eagles came away with the victory.
"This is definitely a confidence booster since we have such a young team," Porath said. "They aren't used to having such high intense games, so now they know what it's like. We are kind of pushing them into things a little quick, but they are doing well. I'm super proud of them."
It's been a struggle for the Minnesota West men's basketball team this winter, but coach Brian Stoebner's Bluejays keep plugging away
By Doug Wolter
Former JCC sports star Rudy Voss retires from SDSU football for medical reasons
By Scott Mansch
West basketball teams split at St. Cloud Tech
ST. CLOUD -- The Minnesota West women's basketball team eased to victory over host St. Cloud Tech on Saturday, 93-40. But it was St. Cloud Tech getting the better of the West men's team, 84-64.
Morris-Benson beats WHS hockey teams Saturday
WORTHINGTON -- Morris-Benson started well in both games, sweeping the Worthington Trojans girls and boys hockey teams on Saturday.


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Konwoje morskie podczas II wojny światowej odgrywały duże znaczenie dla obu stron konfliktu, przede wszystkim dla strony alianckiej, stając się podstawowym środkiem ochrony jej żeglugi przed atakami okrętów i samolotów państw Osi. Umożliwiały przede wszystkim transport zaopatrzenia i materiałów wojennych z USA do Wielkiej Brytanii i ZSRR, zwiększając pośrednio szanse zwycięstwa w wojnie.

Alianckie konwoje
Wielka Brytania była krajem uzależnionym od transportu morskiego – decydowało o tym jej wyspiarskie położenie i rozległość imperium kolonialnego. Po wybuchu II wojny światowej, reaktywowano system konwojów morskich, wprowadzony jako sposób ochrony żeglugi już podczas I wojny światowej. Pierwszy z brytyjskich konwojów morskich wyruszył 2 września 1939 z Gibraltaru do Kapsztadu. Początkowo formowano głównie konwoje przybrzeżne; statki płynące przez ocean eskortowano ok. 200 mil morskich na zachód od wybrzeży Irlandii, później konwój rozpraszał się i statki pojedynczo starały się dotrzeć do portów przeznaczenia. Po upadku Francji Niemcy uzyskali dogodne bazy dla U-Bootów (okrętów podwodnych) w Zatoce Biskajskiej, co znacznie zwiększyło możliwości ich działania. 27 marca 1941 Stany Zjednoczone zadeklarowały się chronić konwoje w pobliżu swoich wybrzeży; dodatkowo po ogłoszeniu przez Hitlera całkowitej blokady morskiej Wielkiej Brytanii, przekazały w październiku 1941 Anglikom 50 starych niszczycieli. Umożliwiło to zwiększenie liczebności eskorty i jej zasięgu do 400 mil morskich. Także marynarka kanadyjska rozpoczęła eskortowanie konwojów w strefie 400 mil od wybrzeży Ameryki Północnej. Kolejnymi elementami taktyki ochronnej były tworzenie grup wsparcia złożonych z ciężkich okrętów, w tym lotniskowców oraz wykorzystanie lotnictwa startującego z baz w Irlandii Północnej, na Islandii i Nowej Fundlandii. W efekcie poza zasięgiem ochrony znajdował się pas o szerokości 300 mil w centralnej strefie północnego Atlantyku, gdzie skupiały się niemieckie okręty podwodne, zadając poważne straty konwojom. Podobnie było w południowej części Atlantyku, gdzie ochrona była słabsza. Maksymalna prędkość alianckiego statku transportowego w konwoju wynosiła przeciętnie 10-12 węzłów.

Konwoje kursowały również na Morzu Śródziemnym. Działania morskie obu stron koncentrowały się głównie na ubezpieczaniu swoich i zwalczaniu konwojów przeciwnika. Alianckie konwoje pływały głównie z Gibraltaru do Egiptu, zaopatrując wojska walczące w Afryce. Później, w związku z nasileniem działań niemieckiego lotnictwa i floty włoskiej od początku 1941, konwoje podążały do Egiptu, okrążając Przylądek Dobrej Nadziei. Szczególnie istotne były operacje dowozu zaopatrzenia i sprzętu wojennego z Gibraltaru i Aleksandrii na Maltę, utrzymywaną w rękach aliantów, wiążące się z ciężkimi starciami z włoskim i niemieckim lotnictwem oraz flotą, głównie okrętami podwodnymi.

W kwietniu 1941 założono bazę zaopatrzeniową na Islandii, gdzie okręty eskorty mogły uzupełniać paliwo, od sierpnia 1941 umożliwiło to ochronę konwojów atlantyckich na całej trasie; niedługo potem wprowadzono lotniskowce eskortowe z kilkunastoma samolotami na pokładzie i doraźne środki w postaci statków wyposażonych w katapultę dla samolotu (CAM-ship) i pokład startowy (MAC-ship). W odpowiedzi na to Niemcy wprowadzili zespołowe działania okrętów podwodnych, z czasem przekształcone w taktykę "wilczych stad". Po przystąpieniu Stanów Zjednoczonych do wojny z Niemcami 12 grudnia 1941, niemieckie okręty podwodne rozpoczęły intensywne działania na ich wodach przybrzeżnych, a także w Zatoce Meksykańskiej i na Morzu Karaibskim; obszar ten nazwano wówczas "rajem U-Bootów". Dopiero wprowadzenie systemu konwojowego na tym obszarze, na co zdecydowano się w połowie 1942, ukróciło bezkarne działania U-Bootów.

Po przystąpieniu ZSRR do wojny po stronie aliantów, już od sierpnia 1941 zaczęły pływać tzw. konwoje murmańskie (lub arktyczne), transportujące sprzęt wojenny w ramach pomocy Lend-Lease do portów północnej Rosji: Murmańska i Archangielska. Konwoje do ZSRR i z powrotem oznaczane były odpowiednio kryptonimami PQ i QP, później JW i RA, z kolejnymi numerami. Pierwsze 7 konwojów w 1941 (Dervish, PQ-1 – PQ-6) dopłynęło jeszcze bez strat, później głównym zagrożeniem stały się okręty podwodne i lotnictwo. W lutym 1942 niemieckim okrętom liniowym udało się wydostać z Brestu, od tego czasu miały stać się potencjalnym zagrożeniem dla tych konwojów. Konwoje te były szczególnie niebezpieczne, wpływały na to trudne warunki żeglugi w warunkach arktycznych, brak zabezpieczenia lotniczego i duża aktywność niemieckiej floty i lotnictwa, posiadających dogodne bazy w północnej Norwegii. Ciężkie walki podczas operacji konwojowych toczyły się w 1942, szczególnie słynne stały się konwoje PQ-13, PQ-16 i PQ-17. Ogółem w latach 1941–1945 wysłano tą trasą 40 konwojów do ZSRR, liczących łącznie 811 statków transportowych, które przewiozły ponad 4 mln ton uzbrojenia i zaopatrzenia.

Największe straty wśród konwojów miały miejsce w 1942; przełom 1942/1943 to czas ciężkich bitew konwojowych na wodach północnego Atlantyku. W konwojach atlantyckich wówczas pływało nawet po kilkadziesiąt statków. Od tego momentu szala zwycięstwa zaczęła przechylać się na korzyść aliantów, osiągnięto to m.in. dzięki zwiększeniu sił eskorty, wprowadzeniu lekkich okrętów eskortowych: fregat, korwet, niszczycieli eskortowych, zwiększeniu roli lotnictwa i liczby lotniskowców eskortowych, zastosowaniu radaru i nowych typów broni do walki z okrętami podwodnymi, jak miotacze Hedgehog.

Od połowy 1943 w związku z narastającym zagrożeniem ze strony niemieckich i japońskich okrętów podwodnych, konwoje zaczęto organizować także na Oceanie Indyjskim, m.in. z Afryki Południowej do Indii.

Zajęcie Sycylii w sierpniu 1943 umożliwiło ponowne organizowanie konwojów na Morzu Śródziemnym – z Gibraltaru do Suezu. Od sierpnia 1944 ze względu na znikome zagrożenie ze strony nieprzyjaciela na tym akwenie zaniechano ochrony lotniczej konwojów.

Założenie bazy lotniczej na Azorach w listopadzie 1943 umożliwiło objęcie ochroną lotniczą południowej części Oceanu Atlantyckiego. Utrata baz we Francji w lecie 1944 zmusiła niemiecką flotę podwodną do ewakuacji do Norwegii; wprowadzenie później nowych typów U-Bootów nie przyniosło zadowalających wyników. Ograniczone działania floty niemieckiej na wodach arktycznych i przybrzeżnych Europy trwały aż do maja 1945.

Niemieckie konwoje
Aktywność niemieckiej floty handlowej koncentrowała się początkowo na Morzu Bałtyckim. Po zajęciu Norwegii konwoje pływały z Narwiku wzdłuż wybrzeża tego kraju, brytyjskie wysiłki dla ich powstrzymania okazały się niezbyt skuteczne. Po ataku na Związek Radziecki niemieckie konwoje zaopatrywały wojska na dalekiej północy. Niemcy nie budowali specjalnych typów jednostek eskortowych, do osłony konwojów używając przede wszystkim trałowców. Pod koniec wojny flota niemiecka przeprowadzała liczne operacje ewakuacyjne (między innymi z terenu Prus Wschodnich), podczas których szczególnie duże straty poniosła ze strony radzieckich okrętów podwodnych i lotnictwa. Ciężkich strat przysparzały również niemieckim konwojom miny morskie szeroko stosowane na Bałtyku.

Włoskie konwoje
Włosi używali konwojów morskich na Morzu Śródziemnym do zaopatrywania swoich oraz niemieckich wojsk w Libii, Albanii, a później na Korsyce, w Grecji i Afryce Północnej; niewielkie konwoje przybrzeżne pływały również wzdłuż wybrzeży kraju. Początkowo (czerwiec 1940 – maj 1941) nie ponosiły dużych strat, później jednak stawały się częstym łupem brytyjskiej floty. Po lądowaniu aliantów w Afryce Północnej sytuacja zmieniła się diametralnie. W maju 1943 przeciwdziałanie było tak skuteczne, że straty włoskich konwojów zmierzających do Tunisu sięgały 77% ogólnej liczby jednostek konwoju.

Japońskie konwoje
Japońskie linie żeglugowe były dość rozległe – obejmowały wody przybrzeżne kraju, jak również wybrzeża Chin, Korei oraz wyspy Oceanii. Dla zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa swoich statków Japończycy próbowali wywalczyć panowanie na morzu. Konwoje morskie formowano tylko podczas operacji desantowych – transportowcom towarzyszyły okręty. Taka taktyka nie przyniosła jednak rezultatu, duże straty zadawane pływającym samotnie statkom przez amerykańskie okręty podwodne i lotnictwo zmusiły marynarkę japońską do wprowadzenia od czerwca 1943 systemu konwojów. Okazało się jednak, że brak im okrętów eskortowych, ich lotnictwo używane do ochrony konwojów ustępowało też wyraźnie lotnictwu przeciwnika. Japończycy nie przywiązywali również większej wagi do zwalczania żeglugi przeciwnika. W 1944 zostali zmuszeni do ograniczenia kursowania konwojów do wewnętrznego pierścienia obronnego, obejmującego Japonię, Chiny i Mandżurię, co znacznie ograniczyło dostawy surowców (import w roku 1944 wynosił 17 mln ton, w porównaniu z 49 mln ton w roku 1941). Do momentu zawieszenia broni Japończykom pozostało 231 statków handlowych z odnotowanych w przedwojennym rejestrze Lloyda 2337.

Polskie okręty i statki w służbie konwojowej
W działaniach konwojowych podczas II wojny światowej aktywny udział wzięły jednostki Polskiej Marynarki Wojennej i Polskiej Marynarki Handlowej. Polskie okręty eskortowały 787 konwoje morskie, najwięcej niszczyciele eskortowe ORP "Krakowiak" – 243 (północny Atlantyk, wody przybrzeżne Wysp Brytyjskich, kanał La Manche, Morze Śródziemne); ORP "Ślązak" – 104 (kanał La Manche, Morze Śródziemne); ORP Garland – 102 (Morze Śródziemne, kanał La Manche, północny Atlantyk, morza arktyczne); niszczyciele ORP Błyskawica – 83 (Morze Północne, kanał La Manche, północny Atlantyk, Morze Śródziemne); ORP "Piorun" – 81 (północny Atlantyk, Morze Śródziemne, Morze Arktyczne, kanał La Manche); ORP Burza i ORP "Grom" eskortowały konwoje na szlaku północnoatlantyckim, zaś ORP "Orkan" – północnoatlantyckim i murmańskim. Polskie statki brały udział w konwojach na prawie wszystkich głównych trasach, jednymi z bardziej aktywnych były MS Morska Wola (m.in. 40 przejść Atlantyku), s/s "Wisła" (36 przejść Atlantyku), MS Stalowa Wola (34 przejścia Atlantyku).

Udział marynarzy polskich w konwojach morskich w czasie II wojny światowej został upamiętniony na Grobie Nieznanego Żołnierza w Warszawie napisem na jednej z tablic po 1990 r. "KONWOJE 1939 – 1945".

Zobacz też
 konwój
 konwój morski
 eskorta konwoju
 bitwa o Atlantyk

Przypisy

Wydarzenia upamiętnione na tablicach na Grobie Nieznanego Żołnierza w Warszawie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A biodegradable stainless steel weld-cleaning fluid developed for use in facilities where corrosive chemicals are not permitted. Environmentally friendly, it cleans as effectively as TB-25, but does not polish. For best results, neutralize with TB-41 after cleaning.


text:
Q: Why is this comma wrong?
"Another pattern, that regularly appears, is a Not Found response that queries the database...".

I think this is incorrect but I'm not sure.
I think the correct version should be:

"Another pattern that regularly appears is a Not Found response that queries the database"

However, what rule is coming into place here? I originally said it was because "that regularly appears" was a restrictive appositive, but I don't think that's right now.

A: Personally, if you wanted to keep your phrasing the same, I'd go for:

Another pattern that regularly appears, is a Not Found response that queries the database...

However, as previous commenters have said, another pattern that regularly appears is a bit awkward, try:

Another regularly appearing pattern

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


On behalf of The Jasmer Law Firm posted in Spinal Cord Injuries on Thursday, January 29, 2015.
You may imagine people who suffer trauma to nerves encased within the spinal column are older or frail. In fact, most Chicago spinal cord injury patients may be younger than you think. Males, ages 15 to 35, are in the high-risk group, due to a tendency to participate in strenuous or unsafe activities more than females or other age groups.
Direct or indirect damage to the spinal cord often occurs as the result of disease, falls, sports, violence, motor vehicle or work-related accidents. Health conditions commonly associated with aging like stenosis, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis can injure the spinal cord. A weak or narrowed spine also increases chances of a direct injury.
Damage to the vertebrae or cushioning discs in the spinal column can generate a spinal cord injury. Trauma to the spinal cord is linked to compression or abnormal movements, like twists or pulls. Injuries may be triggered by pressure from swelling around or within the spinal cord.
The site of an injury determines how the body responds. Damage occurs below an injury site. Therefore, more body functions may be affected for neck injuries than damage to the lower back.
Complete spinal cord injuries cause a permanent loss of function. At least some function – like sensory but not motor function -- is preserved with incomplete injuries.
Among other symptoms, spinal cord injuries may cause pain, numbness, weakness, paralysis and muscle spasms, plus breathing, bowel and bladder difficulties. Patients may experience problems with blood pressure and temperature regulation.
X-rays, CT scans and MRI tests are conducted to identify damage. When possible, medicines and surgeries are used to treat and correct conditions, like swelling, contributing to the injury. Extensive rehabilitation and therapy may follow.
The medical costs associated with spinal cord injuries can be extremely high, particularly for patients with a permanent disability. Negligence claims for accident-related injuries may help victims recover compensation.


Hello! This unexpected error occurs on the Salesforce side. Please contact Salesforce support with this error information.
Thanks Mariia. Is the same for the following errors?
FlexQueueItem 0 (0 selected) The WHERE clause must contain a JobType field expression.
OutgoingEmail 0 (0 selected) This query is not supported on the OutgoingEmail object.
OutgoingEmailRelation 0 (0 selected) This query is not supported on the OutgoingEmail object.
Yes, all these errors occur at Salesforce side and are related to Salesforce API peculiarities and limitations.


text:
Los Artos de El Ejido es un Lugar de Importancia Comunitaria perteneciente al municipio homónomo en la provincia española de Almería.

Introducción

Ocupa una superficie de 264.44 hectáreas. La razón de su importancia se debe por presentar un ecosistema de Artos (Zizyphus Lotus), único en Europa, a pesar de ello se encuentran en una enorme regresión. Las artineras han sido el ecosistema tradicional de la comarca, llegando a ocupar 26.000 hectáreas en la misma. En mayo de 2017, fue propuesto por la Junta de Andalucía para ser declarada como Zona de Especial Conservación junto a otros LIC de Andalucía. Debido a las alegaciones de particulares y del propio ayuntamiento, la declaración de ZEC está actualmente en trámite.

Valor medioambiental
El espacio presenta "ocho hábitats de interés comunitario", de los cuales cuatro de ellos son de "carácter prioritario", ya que existen poblaciones de artos, catalogado como "Vulnerable" en 1994, y desde 2012 en el Catálogo Andaluz de Especies Amenazadas.

Protección
En el año 2006 fue declarado LIC por la Decisión de 19 de julio de 2006. Su código de identificación de LIC es ES6110014. Aparte de la protección como LIC, el Ayuntamiento de El Ejido establece protección a algunas artineras. Dentro del Parque Cañada de Ugíjar de 59,86 has., de las cuales 29,46 has. son ocupadas por artos. Por otro lado, se prevé el Parque de los Artos, junto al enlace de la autovía al Hospital del Poniente con 21,96 has.

La creación del LIC en el año 2006 no estuvo exenta de polémica, ya que particulares de las fincas situadas al norte del Santa María del Águila interpusieron un recurso para anular la declaración de LIC en las fincas. En julio del año 2008 el fallo deja inadmisible el recurso. En el año 2015 se producen unas roturaciones en el paraje "Llano del Águila", que arrasan con las artineras allí presentes. Dicho paraje dentro de LIC, justamente fue en el que años atrás sus propietarios alegaron contra la protección del mismo. En abril de 2020 comienza la tramitación para la descatalogación parcial del LIC, en la que se reduciría la superficie protegida en un 28%, permitiendo la construcción de invernaderos en la zona protegida al norte de Sta. María del Águila. En octubre, la Junta aprueba la descatalogación parcial de 75.08 has. por lo que el espacio protegido se reduce a 189.36 has.

Amenazas

Debido a estar situado en pleno Campo de Dalías, sufre constantes amenazas de ser destruidos, y antes de su protección, ha sufrido un enorme retroceso en las últimas décadas. De ser el ecosistema predominante en la comarca, han pasado a ser manchas relictas del mismo entre invernaderos. Desde la propuesta de protección, hasta la realización de la misma, este hábitat perdió el 80% de su territorio. En la década de 2010 han seguido retrocediendo, siendo roturados los terrenos para la construcción de nuevos invernaderos. Al estar protegidos con normativa europea, Ecologistas en Acción llevó a cabo una de estas roturaciones a fiscalía. Otras de las amenazas que sufre es el abandono y contaminación, ya que la población del lugar los considera descampados sin valor ninguno, y son utilizados como escombreras y vertederos ilegales. Iniciativas por partes de institutos ejidenses se han encargado de limpiar un poco estos parajes.

Referencias

Artos de El Ejido
Zonas especiales de conservación de Andalucía
El Ejido


text:
WCO participates in AAEI's 99th Annual Conference
At the invitation of the American Association of Exporter and Importers (AAEI), Mr. Ricardo Treviño, Deputy Secretary General of the World Customs Organization (WCO), has participated in this year's AAEI Annual Conference which is taking place online from 11 August to 3 September 2020, with over 400 participants attending. This Conference aims to provide a forum for policy-makers to speak directly to international trade professionals about the benefits and shortcomings of the multilateral trading system.
Together with Mr. Alan Wolff, Deputy Director General of the World Trade Organization (WTO), Deputy Secretary General Treviño discussed trade and Customs matters at a live panel session entitled "What is the Future of Trade: Multilateral or Bilateral?", held on 11 August 2020. The panel was moderated by Ms. Marianne Rowden, President and CEO of the AAEI, who began by highlighting the differences between WCO and WTO working methods and structures, as well as the main objectives of the two Organizations.
During his intervention, Deputy Secretary General Treviño explained the nature of the WCO as the only intergovernmental organization dealing with Customs matters and focusing on standard-setting, capacity building delivery, and fostering Customs-to-Customs cooperation. He continued by emphasizing that almost all of the WCO's technical bodies are open to the entire WCO membership, and therefore all WCO Members can contribute to the development of the Organization's standards, instruments and tools. "This openness is important for the Organization, because it allows Members from countries at different development levels and with different trading environments to work collectively on standards that would be acceptable to the majority, being another step towards the higher harmonization of border procedures", he said. "Through the work done in Trade facilitation and e-commerce, this openness and inclusiveness do not only concern Members, but also other international trade stakeholders," he added.
After Mr. Treviño had mentioned the large number of bilateral and multilateral agreements, he was asked by the moderator to address this issue in the context of the SAFE Framework of Standards and Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs) for Authorized Economic Operators (AEOs). In response, he highlighted the highly critical relevance of the SAFE Framework of Standards, adding that to date, 171 Members have signed the Letter of Intent to implement these Standards. Moreover there are 95 operational AEO programmes – not to mention the ones which are under negotiation –, plus another 20 which are under development, as well as 85 MRAs which provide the ultimate benefits to traders, operating in both the country of origin and the country of destination. For his part, WTO Deputy Director General Wolff highlighted the close cooperation between the WTO and the WCO, and the relevance of this cooperation in matters such as trade facilitation, tariffs, valuation and origin.


In 2013, Sarah went to Africa to work with the Jane Goodall Institute. Her job was to create and implement curriculum that would involve the environment. In this capacity, she worked with teachers and students to try to encourage the wise use of the environment. With the help of some local Tanzanians, she was able to create material that could be used in the classroom. One of her biggest accomplishments was to initiate and create a Peace Day. Schools from the surrounding area were asked to come to a park in Moshi to exhibit displays, performs skits, sing songs and provide other activities related to Peace Day.


Ashley joined the Qubit Creative team in mid-2016 as the senior graphic designer. Prior to her time with Qubit, she gained experience in branding, packaging, layout, and print design working for a large corporation headquartered in Oklahoma. She now enjoys working with a smaller team and for a variety of projects and clients. Outside of work, her creative hobbies include various styles of illustration and painting as well as hand-lettering and modern calligraphy.
Ashley grew up in Lawton, Oklahoma before moving to OKC in 2010. She earned a BFA in Communication Design where she met her husband, Patrick, a fellow Art Department graduate. Together they've adopted Fish, an energetic Boston Terrier, and two cats, Marsha Lynch and Rogue. In her spare time, Ashley enjoys rock climbing, attending concerts, and watching the Seattle Seahawks play football. She's currently learning Spanish and has plans to write and illustrate a children's book with her husband.


text:
La manufacture de tapisserie Hamot, puis Saint-Jean est une manufacture française à Aubusson, dans la Creuse. C'est un monument historique inscrit depuis le .

La manufacture est fondée au début du  par Jean Sallandrouze de Lamornaix et Guillaume Rogier. Charles Sallandrouze de Lamornaix succède à son père à la direction en 1826, auquel succède à son tour son fils Octave Sallandrouze de Lamornaix en 1867.

En 1883, la manufacture est reprise par Georges et René Hamot, avec pour vocation la fabrication et le commerce de tapis, tapisseries et étoffes pour ameublement.

Racheté en 1984, l'établissement prend le nom de « manufacture Saint-Jean ».

Notes et références

Jean-François Luneau (dir.), Sallandrouze de Lamornaix 1801-1878. Histoire d'une manufacture d'exception, Silvana Editoriale, 2021

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des monuments historiques de la Creuse
 Tapisserie d'Aubusson

Liens externes

 Les manufactures Sallandrouze

Monument historique à Aubusson (Creuse)
Monument historique inscrit en 2012
Manufacture monument historique en France
Manufacture textile
Tapisserie


text:
Q: "lvalue required" error when trying to increment array
Possible Duplicate:
Is array name a pointer in C?

Suppose I have a char array say arr and arr will represent the address of first element so arr++ should be perfectly legal then why compiler says 'lvalue required'.
Also if I do:
arr=arr+1 then why it is invalid conversion. I am just increasing pointer by one. Compiler tells that on LHS the operand type is char[4] but on RHS it is char *.
main()
{
char arr[]={'a','b','c','d'};
for(;arr!=arr+4;arr++) //lvalue required
printf("%c",*arr);
}

A: An array name is not a variable that can be assigned to.  If you want to modify it, you should use a pointer variable:
char *arr_ptr = arr;

You can then do arr_ptr++ and arr_ptr = arr_ptr+1;

A: Arrays aren't pointers. arr does not represent an address.

A: An array name, or any expression of array type, is implicitly converted to a pointer to the array's first element unless it's either:

*

*The operand of a unary & (address-of) expression (which yields the address of the whole array, not of its first element -- same memory address, different type); or

*The operand of a sizeof operator (sizeof arr yields the size of the array, not the size of a pointer); or

*The operand of an _Alignof operator (_Alignof arr yields the alignment of the array, not the alignment of a pointer); or

*A string literal in an initializer that's used to initialize an arrary object.

_Alignof is new in C2011.
(The conversion is often referred to as a "decaying".)
None of these apply here, so arr++ tries to increment a pointer object. The problem is, there is no pointer object, just a pointer value. arr, after it decays to a pointer value, is not an lvalue, which means it cannot appear on the left side of an assignment or as the operand of ++.
Similarly, given:
int x;

the expression x is an lvalue, so you can write x = 42; -- but the expression (x + 1) is not an lvalue, so you can't write (x + 1) = 42;.  You can assign to x because it refers to an object.  (x+1) doesn't refer to an object, so there's nothing to assign to.  arr, after it decays, doesn't refer to an object either (you have an array object, but there's no pointer object).
(Your use of arr != arr + 4 should have been a clue; that can never be true.)
Rather than this:
char arr[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'};
for (; arr != arr + 4; arr++) {
    printf("%c", *arr);
}

you can write this:
char arr[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'};
char *ptr;
for (ptr = arr; ptr != arr + 4; ptr++) {
    printf("%c", &ptr);
}

Incidentally, at the top of your program, you should change this:
main()

to this:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)

Also, run, do not walk, to the comp.lang.c FAQ and read section 6, "Arrays and pointers".