text:
Potassium sulfate
Not to be confused with potassium sulfide.
Arcanite
3D model (JSmol)
CHEBI:32036 Y
ChEMBL2021424 Y
22915 Y
E number E515(i) (acidity regulators, ...)
D01726 Y
RTECS number
1K573LC5TV Y
DTXSID6029701
InChI=1S/2K.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2 Y
Key: OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Y
InChI=1/2K.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
Key: OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-NUQVWONBAU
[K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
Odor odorless
Density 2.66 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 1,069[2] °C (1,956 °F; 1,342 K)
Boiling point 1,689 °C (3,072 °F; 1,962 K)
Solubility in water
111 g/L (20 °C)
240 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility slightly soluble in glycerol
insoluble in acetone, alcohol, CS2
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
−67.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)
Main hazards Irritant
Safety data sheet External MSDS
R-phrases (outdated) R22
S-phrases (outdated) S36
Flash point Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
6600 mg/kg (oral, rat)[3]
Other anions
Potassium selenate
Potassium tellurate
Other cations
Lithium sulfate
Sodium sulfate
Rubidium sulfate
Caesium sulfate
Potassium hydrogen sulfate
Potassium sulfite
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is Y N ?)
Potassium sulfate (US) or potassium sulphate (UK), also called sulphate of potash (SOP), arcanite, or archaically potash of sulfur, is the inorganic compound with formula K2SO4, a white water-soluble solid. It is commonly used in fertilizers, providing both potassium and sulfur.
2 Natural resources
4 Structure and properties
6.1 Acidification
Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) has been known since early in the 14th century. It was studied by Glauber, Boyle, and Tachenius. In the 17th century, it was named arcanuni or sal duplicatum, as it was a combination of an acid salt with an alkaline salt. It was also known as vitriolic tartar and Glaser's salt or sal polychrestum Glaseri after the pharmaceutical chemist Christopher Glaser who prepared it and used medicinally.[4][5]
Known as arcanum duplicatum ("double secret") or panacea duplicata in pre-modern medicine, it was prepared from the residue (caput mortuum) left over from the production of aqua fortis (nitric acid, HNO3) from nitre (potassium nitrate, KNO3) and oil of vitriol (sulphuric acid, H2SO4) via Glauber's process:
2 KNO3 + H2SO4 → 2 HNO3 + K2SO4
The residue was dissolved in hot water, filtered, and evaporated to a cuticle. It was then left to crystallise. It was used as a diuretic and sudorific.[6]
According to Chambers's Cyclopedia, the recipe was purchased for five hundred thalers by Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. Schroder, the duke's physician, wrote wonders of its great uses in hypochondriacal cases, continued and intermitting fevers, stone, scurvy, etc.[6]
Natural resources[edit]
The mineral form of potassium sulfate, arcanite, is relatively rare. Natural resources of potassium sulfate are minerals abundant in the Stassfurt salt. These are cocrystallizations of potassium sulfate and sulfates of magnesium calcium and sodium.
Relevant minerals are:
Kainite, KMg(SO4)·Cl·3H2O
Schönite (now known as picromerite), K2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O
Leonite, K2SO4·MgSO4·4H2O
Langbeinite, K2Mg2(SO4)3
Aphthitalite (previously known as glaserite), K3Na(SO4)2
Polyhalite, K2SO4·MgSO4·2CaSO4·2H2O
The potassium sulfate can be separated from some of these minerals, like kainite, because the corresponding salt is less soluble in water.
Kieserite, MgSO4·H2O, can be combined with a solution of potassium chloride to produce potassium sulfate.
Production[edit]
Approximately 1.5 million tons were produced in 1985, typically by the reaction of potassium chloride with sulfuric acid, analogous to the Mannheim process for producing sodium sulfate.[7] The process involves intermediate formation of potassium bisulfate, an exothermic reaction that occurs at room temperature:
KCl + H2SO4 → HCl + KHSO4
The second step of the process is endothermic, requiring energy input:
KCl + KHSO4 → HCl + K2SO4
Structure and properties[edit]
Two crystalline forms are known. Orthorhombic β-K2SO4 is the common form, but it converts to α-K2SO4 above 583 °C.[7] These structures are complex, although the sulfate adopts the typical tetrahedral geometry.[8]
Structure of β-K2SO4.
Coordination sphere of one of two types of K+ site.
SO4 environment in β-K2SO4.
It does not form a hydrate, unlike sodium sulfate. The salt crystallizes as double six-sided pyramids, classified as rhombic. They are transparent, very hard and have a bitter, salty taste. The salt is soluble in water, but insoluble in solutions of potassium hydroxide (sp. gr. 1.35), or in absolute ethanol.
When potassium sulfate is heated in water and subject to swirling in a beaker, the crystals form a multi-arm spiral structure when allowed to settle.[9]
Uses[edit]
The dominant use of potassium sulfate is as a fertilizer. K2SO4 does not contain chloride, which can be harmful to some crops. Potassium sulfate is preferred for these crops, which include tobacco and some fruits and vegetables. Crops that are less sensitive may still require potassium sulfate for optimal growth if the soil accumulates chloride from irrigation water.[10]
The crude salt is also used occasionally in the manufacture of glass. Potassium sulfate is also used as a flash reducer in artillery propellant charges. It reduces muzzle flash, flareback and blast overpressure.
It is sometimes used as an alternative blast media similar to soda in soda blasting as it is harder and similarly water-soluble.[11]
Potassium sulfate can also be used in pyrotechnics in combination with potassium nitrate to generate a purple flame.
Reactions[edit]
Acidification[edit]
Potassium hydrogen sulfate (also known as potassium bisulfate), KHSO4, is readily produced by reacting K2SO4 with sulfuric acid. It forms rhombic pyramids, which melt at 197 °C (387 °F). It dissolves in three parts of water at 0 °C (32 °F). The solution behaves much as if its two congeners, K2SO4 and H2SO4, were present side by side of each other uncombined; an excess of ethanol the precipitates normal sulfate (with little bisulfate) with excess acid remaining.
The behavior of the fused dry salt is similar when heated to several hundred degrees; it acts on silicates, titanates, etc., the same way as sulfuric acid that is heated beyond its natural boiling point does. Hence it is frequently used in analytical chemistry as a disintegrating agent. For information about other salts that contain sulfate, see sulfate.
^ Patnaik, Pradyot (2002). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-049439-8.
^ Windholtz, M; Budavari, S, eds. (1983). The Merck Index. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck & Co.
^ Chambers, Michael. "Potassium sulfate RN: 7778-80-5". ChemIDplus. United States National Library of Medicine.
^ De Milt, Clara (1942). "Christopher Glaser". Journal of Chemical Education. 19 (2): 53. Bibcode:1942JChEd..19...53D. doi:10.1021/ed019p53.
^ van Klooster, H. S. (1959). "Three centuries of Rochelle salt". Journal of Chemical Education. 36 (7): 314. Bibcode:1959JChEd..36..314K. doi:10.1021/ed036p314.
^ a b Chambers, Ephraim, ed. (1728). "Arcanum duplicatum". Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. 1 (1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al. p. *125.
^ a b Schultz, H.; Bauer, G.; Schachl, E.; Hagedorn, F.; Schmittinger, P. (2005). "Potassium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a22_039. ISBN 3527306730.
^ Gaultier, M.; Pannetier, G. (1968). "Structure cristalline de la forme 'basse température' du sulfate de potassium K2SO4-beta" [Crystal structure of the "low temperature" β-form of potassium sulfate]. Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France (in French). 1: 105–112.
^ Thomas, S. (2017). "Potassium sulfate forms a spiral structure when dissolved in solution". Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 11 (1): 195–198. Bibcode:2017RJPCB..11..195T. doi:10.1134/S1990793117010328. S2CID 99162341.
^ United Nations Industrial Development Organization; International Fertilizer Development Center (1998). Fertilizer manual (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic. ISBN 978-0-7923-5032-3.
^ "Super K (Potassium Sulphate)". American Surface Prep. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
mindat.org: Arcanite
webmineral: Arcanite
K2Al2B2O7
K2[SiF6]
Compounds containing the sulfate group (SO2−
H2SO4 He
Li2SO4 BeSO4 B2S2O9 esters
ROSO3−
(RO)2SO2 (NH4)2SO4
[N2H5]HSO4
(NH3OH)2SO4
NOHSO4 HOSO4 F Ne
Na2SO4
NaHSO4 MgSO4 Al2(SO4)3
Al2SO4(OAc)4 Si P SO42−
HSO3HSO4
(HSO4)2 Cl Ar
KHSO4 CaSO4 Sc2(SO4)3 TiOSO4 VSO4
V2(SO4)3
VOSO4 CrSO4
Cr2(SO4)3 MnSO4 FeSO4
Fe2(SO4)3 CoSO4
Co2(SO4)3 NiSO4
Ni2(SO4)3 CuSO4
Cu2SO4
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)]SO4 ZnSO4 Ga2(SO4)3 Ge As Se Br Kr
RbHSO4
Rb2SO4 SrSO4 Y2(SO4)3 Zr(SO4)2 Nb MoSO4
Mo2(SO4)3
Mo(SO4)2
Mo(SO4)3 Tc Ru(SO4)2 RhSO4
Rh2(SO4)3 PdSO4 Ag2SO4
AgSO4 CdSO4 In2(SO4)3 SnSO4
Sn(SO4)2 Sb2(SO4)3 Te I Xe
Cs2SO4
CsHSO4 BaSO4 Hf Ta W Re OsSO4
Os2(SO4)3
Os(SO4)2 IrSO4
Ir2(SO4)3 PtSO4
Pt(SO4)2 AuSO4
Au2(SO4)3 Hg2SO4
HgSO4 Tl2SO4
Tl2(SO4)3 PbSO4
Pb(SO4)2 Bi2(SO4)3 PoSO4
Po(SO4)2 At Rn
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
La2(SO4)3 Ce2(SO4)3
Ce(SO4)2 Pr2(SO4)3 Nd2(SO4)3 Pm2(SO4)3 Sm2(SO4)3 Eu2(SO4)3 Gd2(SO4)3 Tb2(SO4)3 Dy2(SO4)3 Ho2(SO4)3 Er2(SO4)3 Tm2(SO4)3 Yb2(SO4)3 Lu2(SO4)3
Ac2(SO4)3 Th(SO4)2 Pa U2(SO4)3
U(SO4)2
UO2SO4 Np(SO4)2 Pu(SO4)2 Am2(SO4)3 Cm2(SO4)3 Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Sulfur compounds
Sulfides and disulfides
Al2S3
As2S2
Au2S
Au2S3
B2S3
Bi2S3
C3S2
Cr2S3
CSSe
CSTe
CuFeS2
Dy2S3
Er2S3
FeS2
HfS2
In2S3
NaHS
Na2S
NH4HS
P4Sx
PSCl3
Re2S7
Sb2S3
Sb4S3O3
Sm2S3
ZrS2
Sulfur halides
S2Br2
S2Cl2
SCl2
S2F10
Sulfur oxides and oxyhalides
SOBr2
SOCl2
SOF2
H2S2O7
CdSO3
Ag2SO4
CaSO4
Cs2O4S
Er2(SO4)3
Eu2(SO4)3
HgSO4
KAl(SO4)2
NaAl(SO4)2
RaSO4
SnSO4
SrSO4
Ti(SO4)2
Tm2(SO4)3
Yb2(SO4)3
Zr(SO4)2
Thiocyanates
Co(SCN)2
Organosulfur compounds
C2H4S
C2H6S3
C32H66S2
CHCl3S
C2H3SN
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Potassium_sulfate&oldid=1000020144"
Inorganic fertilizers
E-number additives
Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1728 Cyclopaedia
ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata
E number from Wikidata
Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle
Chembox having DSD data


text:
School Design
XQ In Action
Blog / School Board / Demystifying School Boards: What Do School Boards Do?
Demystifying School Boards: What Do School Boards Do?
Looking for ways to spur high school transformation in your community? Getting involved with your local school board is a great place to start.
What is a school board?
Schools boards are responsible for the education of a community's young people, ensuring all students have access to a high-quality, rigorous education that prepares them for college, career, and life. Boards usually consist of five to nine elected or appointed representatives from the community, who meet regularly to discuss and decide issues related to local schools. They base their decisions on input from the superintendent, families, teachers, students, and the general public.
Who serves on a school board?
School board members are elected or appointed members of the community who pursue a vision for local schools reflecting the needs of the students, the wishes of the voters, and the consensus of the community.
Nationwide, school boards control more than $600 billion annually and oversee the education of 50 million students. And yet few people know what school boards do or even who their local school board members are.
What do school boards do?
School boards address a wide array of issues, from the daily logistics of running a district to broader goals for the education of a community's young people. On a practical, day-to-day level, school boards:
Hire and evaluate the superintendent
Approve budgets
Set spending priorities
Approve textbooks and other curriculum materials
Adopt the annual school calendar
Make decisions regarding opening and closing schools
Work closely with school and district leaders on school schedules, supplies, safety, discipline, classroom resources, facilities, and other issues.
Beyond the practical tasks, effective school boards set a vision for a community's young people, helping them achieve a world-class education that prepares them for life beyond high school. Broader tasks include setting high academic standards, supporting teachers and staff, ensuring transparency and accountability, creating a safe and positive school culture, and advancing policies that allow every student to thrive. As controversies arise, school boards pursue consensus, reconcile differences, reach a compromise, and find solutions.
School boards are accountable for how schools—and students—perform. School boards accomplish this by creating strong relationships with parents, teachers, students, and community members. It's critical that school board members listen to and respond to community concerns and explain the district's priorities to the public. Doing so helps both schools and students reach their full potential.
How does the school board interact with the superintendent, teachers, and families?
The school board, district leadership, and families work together to promote high-quality education for students. But they all play different roles:
School boards set the vision, goals, and policy for the district.
The superintendent answers to the board, implementing policies and directives, making recommendations, providing leadership, and generally serving as a resource. As the chief executive of the district, the superintendent handles day-to-day operations, oversees staff, and stays current on state and national education issues.
Parents—and the public at large—may attend school board meetings, ask questions, volunteer, get involved in their local schools, vote, and hold the board accountable.
Why are school boards important?
At XQ we believe that high schools are the fulcrum for educational transformation. Change high schools, and you change the entire system, from kindergarten through college. We believe that engaged and supportive school boards are essential for making the changes that need to happen in our high schools. School boards help prepare students for the modern world by making changes like ensuring equitable access to rigorous courses, implementing schedules that allow for project-based learning, and making sure teachers have the right professional development and support.
School boards can also take an active role in promoting equity and making sure all students get a high-quality education. They partner with superintendents, teachers, families, students, nonprofits, employers, and local colleges to break down barriers to learning, open up real-world learning opportunities, and create pipelines to college and career.
How to become a school board member
Everyone can get involved in their local school boards, by attending meetings, asking questions, supporting candidates, or even deciding to run for office themselves. Most school board members have never held prior office—they're just ordinary people who care about their local schools and the future of the community's young people.
If you're considering running for your local school board, here are some tips to get you started:
Find your local school board using our School Board Lookup Tool
Gather data, evidence, and facts about your community and its schools
Identify challenges affecting local schools, as well as solutions
Craft a compelling campaign narrative about why you're running and how you'll make a positive difference
Talk to families, students, teachers, and community leaders to understand their visions and concerns about local schools
Inspire people to get involved and vote.
Learn more about school boards, the vital role they play in education, and how to get involved by checking out XQ's free "That's a School Board Thing." This guide offers a comprehensive look at the important work school boards do, how to run for office, and once elected, how to be an effective school board member.
Team XQ
Stories and insights from the changemakers rethinking high school—in XQ schools and beyond.
"School boards are groups of five to nine elected or appointed members of a community who are responsible for the education of a community's young people. Nationwide, they control more than $600 billion and oversee the education of 50 million students."
"School boards handle practical matters, such as budgets and curriculum materials, but also set the vision and goals of the district, ensuring students are prepared for college, career, and life."
"School boards play a crucial role in redesigning high schools for 21st-century learning. "
"Anyone can get involved in their local school boards, whether they attend meetings, ask questions, or even decide to run for office themselves. "
School Board Governance Best Practices
From the school board to the governor: Tips on how schools can engage with elected officials
How To Run a School Board Campaign
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text:
Seymour "Sy" Barry (* 12. März 1928 in New York City, New York) ist ein US-amerikanischer Comiczeichner.

Leben
Barry, jüngerer Bruder des Comiczeichners Dan Barry, besuchte nach Abschluss der New York School of Art die Art Students League of New York und arbeitete gleichzeitig als Assistent für seinen Bruder. Danach arbeitete er freiberuflich für mehrere Verlage, für die er hauptsächlich als Inker tätig war. Nach dem Tod von Wilson McCoy im Jahr 1961 wurde Barry vom King Features Syndicate damit betraut, dessen Comic Phantom fortzuführen, was er bis zu seinem Rückzug im Jahr 1995 machte.

Andreas C. Knigge begründet die Popularität von Phantom mit Barrys "geradliniger Federführung und seiner dynamischen Schwarzweißtechnik".

Literatur
 Andreas C. Knigge: Comic-Lexikon, Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main, Berlin und Wien 1988, ISBN 3-548-36554-X, S. 81.

Weblinks
 Sy Barry in der Grand Comics Database (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Comic-Zeichner (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1928
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This is the day or days all students come in for their schedules, student ideas, etc.
Partner up with another club or organization for a specialty product such as water bottles, etc.
Getting on the School Supplies program – Amazon story, offer some personalization with the supplies to make it a kit that can be presented to the kid as a gift for their first day.
If the school is paying the bill, get a PO no matter how much the teacher or advisor says you don't have to wait for it.
If the school isn't paying, how are you getting paid?
And don't let the school year end without getting your check!
Joining up? Only if you are a real booster… not just for profit.
Like nearly everyone in this marketplace, they are not professional buyers.
Can we get some examples of specifics that people can do to make this easier for the buyers?
It's time to sign up new members. What do they get for joining your club?
Offering unique products as fund raisers… something that isn't competing with the school store or PTO.
Simply find the advisor (teacher) in charge and ask to come in and make a presentation to the group.
Once you make one or two connections, the rest fall into place.
If you're selling retail, how difficult will it be to add a section for one or more local schools?


text:
Photo by Jamie Maury, TexAgs
No. 5 Texas A&M women's tennis off to 3-0 start to 2023 campaign
Fresh off an NCAA quarterfinals appearance last year, No. 5 Texas A&M women's tennis has started hot in 2023. On Tuesday, head coach Mark Weaver and All-Americans Jayci Goldsmith and Salma Ewing joined TexAgs Radio as the Aggies prepare for ITA Kickoff Weekend.
Key notes from Mark Weaver
We've got three matches under our belt. We are 3-0, and this weekend, the ITA Kickoff will be a new challenge for us. We play Florida Atlantic on Saturday and are hoping to advance to probably play Florida on Sunday.
With Salma Ewing transferring to Texas A&M, it was a great pickup for us, and it has been great getting her on the team. We now have three All-Americans on the team. Mary Stoiana is ranked No. 9, so that's almost like having another All-American. There aren't too many teams that have four All-Americans on their team.
We are very fortunate with the team chemistry. We work hard at the athletes we recruit. We are known as a hard-working culture. We want athletes with high work ethics. Most of the players on our team have pro aspirations.
Personality plays a big part, especially when you think about doubles pairings. Not only in doubles but the team as a whole too. It's an individual sport as well, but it's also about the team as a whole.
Tennis is an international sport. We have caught fire on American recruiting. We have been very international going 10-12 years back. It's been nice to have more Americans, and the top Americans are looking at Texas A&M. It's a difficult sport to recruit because you can't just go to your local high school and find a tennis player. We are trying to get the elite of the elite. One of our signees, Mia Kupres, is from Canada, and we have another excellent signee coming in from the international ranks.
It's been nice having more Americans, and I think it's going to help with the crowds as well as getting to know the girls. Social media helps with recruiting and is an easier way to reach out and message kids. We are fortunate that there are few big international tournaments that we can attend.
This weekend is a big weekend for us. We are able to host the ITA Kickoff weekend because of how well we did last season. Being able to advance to the national indoors would be great, but we don't get much indoor practice. We have a lot of big hitters. I really hope to advance to Seattle.
Getting the crowds out there might be a tricky weekend with the weather, but I think we will have a nice crowd.
Key notes from Jayci Goldsmith
I'm in grad school right now in the human resource development program. I'll have this season and then head off into the real world.
This first weekend was great. I was nervous a little bit going into the first match, but it went great. It's great being around the new team.
I started hunting when I was young and with my family. We have a lease in South Texas.
We have momentum in our favor this year. I think our team is even stronger this year. We're pushing each other on and off the court. Listening to our coaches and helping the new girls is going to keep us going up and up.
It's time to go to work this weekend. We have more confidence now after the first weekend, for sure.
Key notes from Salma Ewing
I have been at A&M for two or three weeks now. I went to Hurricane Harry's. I'm not sure I'd go back, but for my first concert, it was an experience. I enjoyed being out and with my teammates. Eli Young Band performed. It was fun.
The team culture brought me here. I've always been friends with Carson Branstine playing with her growing up. I played against Jayci in juniors. I'd see Coach Weaver at tournaments growing up, and I always wanted to be part of it. I wanted to use my last year of eligibility to be at a school that could help me thrive.
It feels like home. I feel comfortable. Everybody is so nice and welcoming.
I like running. I like to bake. I like horseback riding.
Every day in practice, everyone tries their hardest. Everyone really loves and respects the coaches and wants to do it for them. It's a collective effort. Everyone gives their best effort every day. That's something we want and all we could ever ask for.
'It's like family': 2025 LB Kelvion Riggins building relationships at A&M
by Jason Howell
Naples (FL) S Kensley Faustin details his Junior Day experience at A&M
Tags: TexAgs Radio , TexAgs Radio Feature, Mark Weaver, Jayci Goldsmith, Salma Ewing, Women's Tennis, Texas A&M, 2023


The SHU senior seminar class gathers for a group photo after the presentation with Wildlife Works representative Marsha Osborne and Napoleon, the American kestrel. Photo by L.Cowan/Setonian.
Fran Leap's senior seminar class researched and constructed an evening event, Mindfulness for Wildlife Wellness, which took place Nov. 16. Over 20 Seton Hill University students and faculty attended the presentation and the animal demonstration and were given the answer to the question: What can you do to help?
Laura Rosner, a senior fine arts major who specializes in painting, took the lead in the project and organized the guest speaker and animal handler from Wildlife Works Inc. for the social action project in their senior seminar class.
"The environment is more important now than ever," Rosner said. The class had tossed around the idea of two or three smaller projects but decided one larger group project would "have a greater impact" on the Seton Hill community. Everyone was on board for a project focused on the environment and animal wellness.
Wildlife Works was able to bring in three guests to the presentation. Joining the presenters of the senior seminar class was Doc, an eastern box turtle, Hunter the screech owl and Napoleon the American kestrel, who were all rescued but unable to return to the wild due to certain circumstances.
Rosner, as well as Autumn Chiu, Justin Guillory, Adam Sarp and Lauren Grasser each presented a section of information on the variety of wildlife Pennsylvania holds and how to approach an animal if it is in need of help.
All donations from attendees were collected for Wildlife Works, which is located in Youngwood, Pa.
Contact Laura Rosner at l.rosner@setonhill.edu if interested in donating products or monetary donations. Wildlife Works Inc. can be found at www.wildlifeworksinc.org or call 724-925-6862 for more information and to volunteer.
Marsha Osborne presents Napoleon the American kestrel to the crowd. Photo by L.Cowan/Setonian.
Marsha Osborne holds Doc the eastern box turtle. Photo by L.Cowan/Setonian.
Marsha Osborne presents Hunter the screech owl. Photo by L.Cowan/Setonian.
Wildlife Works Inc. is always looking for donations. These products can be food items, rehab items or other supplies. Below is a list of items that are often needed to keep the facility running smoothly.
Napoleon settles down as Marsha Osborne explains details about the American kestrel. Photo by L.Cowan/Setonian.
Information researched and gathered by the Mindfulness for Wildlife Wellness presenters.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Pure love, that's what this is.
I like this post, a kiss to you!
We can tell who you are. No need to sign every damn comment you make.
Signature policy has been decreed. So it is written, so it shall be done. Well done Billy, have a donut.
i grew up watching these guys and the stooges.
Did you have a He-Man Woman Haters Club?


text:
IMD issues 'Yellow Alert' for south-central K'taka; heavy rains expected on Nov 25, 26
Team Udayavani, Nov 24, 2020, 12:04 PM IST
Bengaluru: The Indian Meteorological Department has issued 'Yellow Alert' for interior districts of southern Karnataka on November 25 and 25.
Intermittent heavy rainfall is expected in Bengaluru Urban, Bengaluru Rural, Kolar, Mysuru, Mandya, Ramanagara, Chamarajanagar and Tumakuru districts.
This weather anomaly is due to a depression over the Bay of Bengal which is forecasted to turn into a cyclonic storm on November 24.
Bengaluru, especially the low-lying areas of the city, are at higher risk of flooding due to the expected heavy spells of rains and thunder because of the storm.
The storm and widespread rainfall will subside by Saturday, November 28.
Cyclonic storm
Indian Meteorological Department
Yellow alert
What are some of the words of the year 2020 as per Oxford?
'Throw stones and shoot those who try to impose bandh'


Billboard promoting Humboldt Unitarian Universalist Fellowship's annual auction fundraiser, Hearts Together. Photo by Matthew Hable.
Anyone stressed about Valentine's Day has a last-minute chance this weekend to find that perfect something for that perfect someone while supporting a good cause. The Humboldt Unitarian Universalist Fellowship will be holding Hearts Together, a Valentine's Day-themed event and auction from 4 to 8 p.m on Feb. 10.
Event coordinator Edie Jessup says all the funds raised from this event will go towards Humboldt Unitarian, a congregation that is dedicated to helping others.
Humboldt Unitarian donates to one local non-profit each month. These have included Food for People, Planned Parenthood, Humboldt Edge, Betty Chinn and Arcata House. In addition to their help with non-profits, the Fellowship is also a sanctuary congregation.
Front entrance of Humboldt Unitarian Universalist Fellowship in Bayside, Feb. 7. Humboldt UU Fellowship is hosting their annual auction fundraiser on Feb. 10 from 4-8 p.m. Photo by Matthew Hable.
For a suggested donation of $10, attendees can help and have a good time.
The price includes all-you-can eat soup, bread and dessert. In addition, there will be beer and wine available for purchase, a Valentine's gift store and both a silent and live auction. This is the first year the event will feature a live auction, hosted by local actor, Mack Owen.
All of the items were donated by local businesses or individuals and will include dinners, nature outings, collectable items, classes, art and more.
Free childcare services are offered during the event for those who reserve ahead of time.
Jessup says they try to keep this event affordable so that all members of the community, including families and students, can attend.


It turns out, man's best friend is prone to many of the same diseases that affect its owner. One of those diseases is leishmaniasis, a parasitic infection that can transfer from dogs to humans. In their review, researchers looked at five potential candidates for treating the condition.
Leishmaniasis takes its name from Leishmania, the protozoans that cause the disease. Like malaria, it is a tropical disease that spreads through the bite of a carrier animal, in this case, sand flies. In the case of canine leishmaniasis. it's often caused by L. infantum. Not only is it deadly to dogs, but it is also zoonotic, able to hop species and infect humans.
Having only one drug to manage the disease also complicates the treatment. These take a long time and are uncomfortable for both dogs and their owners. These drugs also have toxic side effects and don't work that well against drug-resistant strains.
The University of Pisa (UniPi) launched a comprehensive review of new natural products which have leishmanicidal properties. It identified five substances that show great promise in treating canine leishmaniasis. Two are flavonoids, one is a vitamin, another is a mineral, and the fifth is an extract.
The flavonoids are hesperidin and quercetin. Both flavonoids are plant-based: Hesperidin is present in all citrus fruits, especially in lemons and oranges, while quercetin is found in buckwheat.
Hesperidin prevents microorganisms like Leishmania from infecting healthy cells or increasing their numbers through replication. It also displayed antioxidant and immuno-suppressant activities, allowing it to keep the immune system from going overboard.
Quercetin is a powerful leishmanicidal. It can kill the promastigotes and amastigotes of two strains of Leishmania. Furthermore, it can chelate iron, thereby disrupting the iron-dependent ability of the microorganisms to synthesize their DNA.
Both flavonoids are usually taken with vitamin C. The vitamin boosts the effectiveness of hesperidin. It similarly improves the anti-hemorrhagic effect of quercetin.
These three are powerful antioxidants. They can stop oxidative stress caused by anemia, one of the conditions that come with leishmaniasis.
Can selenium and horse chestnut extract treat canine leishmaniasis?
The horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) has many medicinal uses. Its seeds provide an extract that is rich in saponins like beta-aescin, which has been tested for leishmanicidal activity against the L. infantum strain.
The extract has many means of acting against Leishmania parasites. In addition to directly attacking the pathogen, it also increases the resistance of the body by improving blood flow, reducing inflammation, and cleaning up free radicals that cause oxidative stress.
Finally, there is selenium. An element that serves as a micronutrient, it fulfills many functions in living systems. In its ionic form, selenium sees use as an antioxidant, a cancer-fighting substance, and an antiviral.
Like hesperidin, selenium affects the immune system. It improves the immune response against many different bacteria and viral antigen. It has been tested against L. infantum amastigotes as well.
The UniPi researchers believe that these five natural products are an excellent means of treating canine leishmaniasis. They believe that further studies should determine the best formulation for dogs, given that most studies have looked at the doses needed to treat humans.
Read more articles about protecting your beloved pets from leishmaniasis at PetHealth.news.


There are a lot of exciting changes happening here at Hologram which we'll share more about in the coming weeks. Today we're excited to announce some changes to our product line.
These updated Hologram Dash v1.1 units are currently shipping for the Americas version, Europe/Asia will be shipping mid September. We're eager to see what you'll build with them.
When we first launched our Kickstarter, we released three versions of our cellular hardware: Two Dashes, one for US and one Intl, and a Dash Pro with quad-band modem. As we expand and look ahead to the future of connected products and IOT we've decided to phase out the Dash Pro and instead integrate a quad-band modem directly into our next generation boards. The Dash Pro will continue to be supported into 2017.
The whole team is stoked for what's to come and we thank you for making it possible. If you ever have any questions, feel free to reach out through our community forums or ping us on the website live chat.
READY TO BUILD? CHECK OUT OUR STORE FOR GREAT PRODUCTS TO GET YOU STARTED.


I thought some of you might like checking out the BwanaDevil Art shop. Based in Madrid, the artist specializes in retro style and psychobilly classic horror movie artwork. I really like how the artist's quirky personality clearly comes out in their creations.
The artwork is framed either in coffin-shaped frames or in diamond shaped frames.
Besides classic horror and television themes, there are a few goth favorites and Tim Burton films thrown in too.


text:
How much money do Phillies have left to spend when MLB free agency resumes?
/ by Corey Seidman
How much money do the Phillies have to spend when major league transactions resume?
The answer is complicated.
In 2021, the threshold for the Competitive Balance Tax (colloquially referred to as the luxury tax) was $210 million. The Phillies have said over the years that they would exceed the threshold for the right opportunity when they're in a position to contend, but they haven't done so. Until they do, it's safe to view it as a barrier of sorts.
Luxury tax figures are calculated at season's end, and in 2021, the Phillies ended at approximately $202.5 million.
Off the books came Andrew McCutchen, Archie Bradley, Hector Neris, Chase Anderson, Vince Velasquez, Brad Miller and Odubel Herrera. From a luxury tax perspective, that cleared about $40 million. The number that matters for the luxury tax is the annual average value (AAV) of the contract, so if a $60 million player is earning $40 million one year and $20 million the next, $30 million is the applicable figure.
Before the MLB lockout began on December 1, the Phillies signed two free agents to one-year contracts: reliever Corey Knebel ($10 million) and utilityman Johan Camargo ($1.4 million). They also signed to a one-year deal worth $725,000 Seranthony Dominguez, who had been arbitration-eligible.
More than just the AAVs of 26-man roster players go into luxury tax calculations. The figure also includes guaranteed money being paid to players off the 40-man roster (e.g. Scott Kingery), salaries for 40-man roster players who are in the minor leagues (e.g. Mickey Moniak), salaries for players who aren't yet arbitration-eligible (e.g. Ranger Suarez), and player benefits, which are in the range of $15-16 million.
The Phillies have 10 players signed to guaranteed contracts in Bryce Harper, Zack Wheeler, J.T. Realmuto, Jean Segura, Didi Gregorius, Aaron Nola, Kyle Gibson, Knebel, Camargo and Dominguez. From a luxury tax perspective, those players cost $132,792,649.
The Phillies have three arbitration-eligible players in Rhys Hoskins, Zach Eflin and Jose Alvarado. Barring a long-term deal for any of the three, the combined luxury tax figure for Hoskins, Eflin and Alvarado is projected to be somewhere around $15.5 million.
The combined salaries for the Phillies' pre-arbitration players is an estimated $13.5 million.
Add those three numbers together and you're at just under $161.8 million. Add in the $15-16 million of player benefits and the number is just under $178 million.
If the luxury tax threshold — which increased by $2 million in each of the last two years of the CBA that just expired — were to remain at $210 million for 2022 once the new CBA is finalized, the Phillies would have about $32 million of wiggle room. They'd want to keep some of that flexibility for in-season trades, so it would be closer to about $28 million.
How much more can they accomplish when major-league transactions are no longer frozen?
That number, $28 million, is basically Kyle Schwarber, another late-inning reliever and one small, Brad Miller-esque move. You'd figure Schwarber's next deal will have an AAV of around $16 million, and another quality late-inning reliever would cost something like $8-9 million.
If the Phils were to make those moves, they'd have added a starting leftfielder/middle-of-the-order bat, two bench pieces and two late-inning relievers. They'd be close to the luxury tax threshold and still in need of a starting centerfielder, a couple more reliable relievers and a couple of starting pitchers for depth purposes to protect against injury.
This is why it would be so great for the Phillies if someone would come take Gregorius' $14 million salary ... but that ain't happening.
It's also another reason why the Phillies probably have to trade for a centerfielder. Beyond there being few legitimate choices left at that position in free agency, the Phils need another everyday spot where their starter is making close to the minimum. Acquiring that skilled, young, cost-controlled centerfielder will not be easy.
It's a difficult road ahead for Dave Dombrowski, Sam Fuld and the Phillies' front office. The World Champion Braves have a roster poised to contend for years, and the Mets and Marlins have already improved this offseason. Can the Phillies improve enough themselves? Can they do so while staying beneath the luxury tax? Will the luxury tax even exist in its current form moving forward, and if not, might the Phillies pay it in 2022 if future penalties are not as harsh?
Big questions to consider over these next few months.
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Charles Ellis Culpepper, 2 Dec 1877 – 22 Sep 1914.
Kate K. Culpepper, Dau, F, S, W, 10, LA/GA/GA.
Mildred Culpepper, Daughter, F, 1 11/12?, S, TX LA TX.
Charles E. Culpeper, 1906 Jackson Parish, 82.9700 acres/15800147.
+ Lula M. Culpepper, 1883 - 1913, wife of C. E. Culpepper.
E. G. Howard, Hiredman, M, 19, S, TX TX TX, Laborer-Farm.
B B Culpeper is the father of an infant born 13 Jan 1913 in McLennan Co., Texas.
Pete Culpepper, Son, M, 4, S, TX TX TX.
Monyene Stearns and Pat Fehler, Deaths in Central Texas 1925-1934, .
McGregor Mirror, Jan 24, 1930.
Trudie Culpepper, 12 Mar 1885 – 16 Jan 1930.
Frances Culpepper, died 20 Jul 1864, age 6 mos., 16 days.
Frances E. Culpepper, 2, F, TX.
Source of this birthdate is unknown, but the year must be wrong as Frances was 2 years old at the time of the 1860 census.
E. A. Culpepper, Jr. [III], Son, M, 6, TX TX TX.
Anna Willard Culpepper, 22 Sep 1901 – 26 Nov 1915.
from a book of newspaper abstracts found at the LDS library in Salt Lake City by Lew Griffin.
John Culpepper, 1 M60-70, 1 F60-70, 0 slaves.
E-mail written Aug 2010 to Warren Culpepper from Steven Lee Culpepper (#4275), e-mail address.
Services for Mildred C. McKinney will be held Monday at 10 a.m. at Barham Funeral Home chapel with the Rev. Jason Bird and Dr. Danny Chisholm officiating. Burial will be in Forest Lawn Cemetery.
Mrs. McKinney, 81, of Meridian, died Saturday, March 3, 2001, at Rush Foundation Hospital. She was retired from Otasco Warehouse and was a member of Fifteenth Avenue Baptist Church.
Survivors include her husband, E.D. "Red" McKinney of Meridian; a daughter, Cynthia Barker and her husband, Bob, of Meridian; two brothers, Levin Culpepper of Meridian and Sam Culpepper of the Whynot community; three grandchildren, Melodie Mercer and her husband Scott, of Dayton, Tenn., Andi Barker of Clinton and Toby Barker of Hattiesburg; three stepgrandchildren, Leigh Ann Coleman and her husband, Tim of Rockville, Md., Julie Barker of Atlanta, and Bob Barker III of Birmingham, Ala; two great-grandchildren, Grace Mercer and Zoie Mercer; two step-great-grandchildren, Ann Coleman and Caroline Coleman; and a number of nieces and nephews.
She was preceded in death by her parents, Sam and Hassie Ponds Culpepper, and two sisters, Lottie Culpepper Cook and Elizabeth "Lib" Culpepper.
The family requests memorials be made to Fifteenth Avenue Baptist Church.
Visitation will be today from 2-5 p.m. at the funeral home.
Pallbearers will be Nathan Culpepper, Jay Crane, Joey Watkins, Eddie Sheely III, Randy Ethridge and Ben Rose. Honorary pallbearers will be Charlie Bancroft, Jim Goss, Heyward Dillard, Joe Miller, Bill Combs and WadeChatham.
Levin E. Culpepper, Son, M, Wh, 4 8/12, sng, MS/MS/MS.
Sarah Mozingo, compiler, Choctaw County Cemeteries, Rootsweb: USGenWeb Archives, 1996.
Liberty Baptist Church Cemetery, Sumter Co., Alabama, near Choctaw County line.
+ Hassie Ponds Culpepper, Nov. 2, 1891 - July 23, 1978.
E-mail written Dec 2008 to Culpepper Connections from Toby Barker (gs/o #4276), e-mail address.
Photographed* say 2000� She was photographed say 2000 at Meridian, Lauderdale Co., Mississippi.
Obituary* say 17 Oct 2016� Graveside services for Mrs. Eleanor S. Culpepper will be held Wednesday at 10 am in Clay Memorial Cemetery in Cuba, AL. Bro. Reid Vaughn will be officiating. Stephens Funeral Home is in charge of arrangements.
Mrs. Culpepper, of Meridian, passed away Sunday at Rush Foundation Hospital. She was a homemaker who will always be remembered as a loving wife, mother, grandmother and great grandmother.
Survivors include her son Levin Culpepper Jr. (Lynn); grandchildren Nathan Culpepper (Lisa), Matt Culpepper (C.J.), great-grandchildren Molly Claire Culpepper and Austin Culpepper. She is also survived by sister Edwina Wheeler and brother Harold Shaw (Sally) along with numerous nieces and nephews.
Judy Gilmer e-mail, 6 Mar 2003.
Obituary in The Meridian (MS) Star (Online edition), Wednesday, 5 Mar 2003.
Obituary of Eleanor S. Culpepper, published by Stephens Funeral Home, Meridian, MS.
THOMASTON, Ga. — Services for the Rev. Edwin Louis "Ed" Kelly III will be held Friday at 2 p.m. at Pleasant Valley Church, with the Rev. Henry Wright officiating. Pasley-Fletcher Funeral Home is in charge of arrangements.
Rev. Kelly, 58, of Thomaston, died Sunday, Sept. 30, 2001, at Upson Regional Medical Center. He was born in Natchitoches, La., in 1943 and retired from the State of Louisiana Division of Administration in 1999. He was currently serving as Assistant Pastor of Pleasant Valley Church, an international ministry offering ministry and training programs for the prevention and healing of diseases of the spirit and soul as well as the body.
Survivors include his wife, Dianne C. Kelly of Thomaston; his father, E.L. Kelly, his mother, Claire Kelly, a sister and brother-in-law, Ginger K. Jones and Lewis Jones, all of Shreveport, La; his father-in-law and mother-in-law, Levin Culpepper and Eleanor Culpepper, and a brother-in-law, Levin Culpepper Jr., all of Meridian; three nieces, Kelly Jones of Albuquerque, NM, and Stacy Jones and Leigh Anne Jones, both of Shreveport; and two nephews, Nathan Culpepper and Matt Culpepper, both of Meridian.
The family requests memorials be made to Pleasant Valley Church, 4178 Highway 74 West, Thomaston, GA 30286.
Obituary for Edwin Louis Kelly, III, The Meridian (MS) Star (Online edition), Thursday, Oct. 4, 2001.
Father* Levin Ellis Culpepper Jr.
Nathan Culpepper of Meridian, Mississippi, is a Landscape and Historical Photographer.
Allen Culpepper, Other, M, MU, 19, Farm Laborer, MS/---/---.
Historical collections of the Georgia chapters of the Daughters of the American Revolution, Volume IV, Atlanta, GA: C. Byrd.
John Culpepper, 2 M0-10, 1 M10-16, 1 M26-45, 2 F0-10, 1 F26-45.
John Culpepper, 2 M0-10, 1 M10-16, 1 M26-45, 1 F0-10, ? F26-45 (Not clear if anyone recorded or not).
John Culpepper, 3 M0-10, 4 M16-26, 1 M45+, 2 F10-16, 1 F16-26, 1 F26-45, 4 slaves.
3rd Lt. Charles Culpepper, Montgomery Co., NC, 1814 Second Regiment Muster Roll.
The information we have about Pelitithe comes from two sources -- a copy of the family pages from a bible that apparently was started by Pelitithe but was turned over to Samuel Bozeman Webb and a copy of Pelitithe's will. The first entries in the bible record the birth dates for Pelitithe and Sampson Culpepper and indicate the names of their parents. The will leaves everything to her nephew (could have been great nephew, but the will says nephew) Samuel Bozeman Webb. The bible entries also give the marriage date for Pelitithe and Sampson.
The 1850 Census for Baker County, Georgia, indicates that Pelitithe may have been living in Samuel's household just prior to her death.
Samuel Bozeman Webb, b. June 20, 1803, possibly in NC or GA, d. May 29, 1870, Amite Co., MS; parents: Father - Jesse Webb, b. Feb. 12, 1778, NC, d. Dec. 19, 1842; Mother - Nancy Bozeman, b. Sep. 18, 1785. Other children of Jesse and Nancy: Infant girl, b. Nov. 12, 1800; Elizabeth, b. Apr. 15, 1802; Matilda, b. Dec. 4, 1805; Carline, b. Apr. 16, 1808; and Stephen, b. Nov. 12, 1810.
It is likely that Samuel's father, Jesse Webb's parents were Rice and Polly Webb, of NC. It is also possible that Jesse's father was Stephen Webb, also of NC. We believe that most of Jesse's brothers and his father moved from NC to Jefferson Co., Georgia, around 1800.
Jesse's sister or aunt Peletitha Webb, b. Aug. 19, 1784, NC, d. Aug. 9, 1850, GA, married Sampson Culpepper, Jr., b. May 27, 1785, NC, d. Aug. 9, 1850, GA (sic). Sampson Culpepper, Jr., was the son of Sampson Culpepper, Sr., b. abt. 1740, NC, d. aft. 1820, and Eleanor Gilbert, b. Apr. 25, 1745, d. Jul. 19, 1823. Pelititha's parents were Stephen and Ann Webb, NC.
Wives of Samuel B. Webb: 1) Serinda E. Murphy, m. Jan. 8, 1820, in GA, d. Oct. 8, 1825, no children; 2) Delphia R. Lawson, b. Abt. 1798, Wilkes Co., GA, m. Sep. 20, 1828, GA, d. Apr. 20, 1830, Pulaski Co., GA, 3 children; 3) Cynthia Yarborough Gardener, m. Aug. 18, 1830, d. Jul. 18, 1839, Pulaski Co., GA, 4 children; 4) Lucinda Foster, b. Dec. 2, 1819, m. Jan. 26, 1840, d. Nov. 5, 1890, Amite Co., MS, 9 children.
Samuel's oldest son Pleasant Culpepper Webb, Sr., married Lorena Carolina Smarr, on Feb. 9, 1850, in GA. She was b. Apr. 23, 1830, Forsyth Co., GA, d. Apr. 29, 1891, Liberty Co., MS. Her parents were William Smarr, b. 1795, NC, d. 1859, GA, and Denisy Webb, b. 1796, NC.
History of Poplar Springs North Baptist Church, .
E-mail written 2000 to Lew Griffin from Trudy Webb Berger, (Need current e-mail address).
Pittititha Culpepper, 66, F, NC, Farmer, $--, Illiterate.
(She is listed as a separate family in the census, but immediately follows the large household of Samuel B. and Lucinda Webb, who she is probably living with).