text:
Women's Soccer Suffers 2-1 Overtime Setback to No. 24 MIT in NEWMAC Championship
Springfield (14-5-1) 1 0 0 1
MIT (16-2-3) 1 0 1 2
1st - 12:12 - Sara Swetland (Springfield)
1st - 12:34 - Karenna Groff (MIT)
3rd - 91:11 - Amy Apostol (MIT)
G: Sara Swetland - 1
A: Amanda Wright - 1
Sv: Jackie Davis - 8
A: Amy Apostol - 1
Sh: Karenna Groff - 6
Sv: Lily Mueller - 3
Cambridge, Mass. - November 3, 2018 - The Springfield College women's soccer team fell to host MIT in the 2018 New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC) Championship contest 2-1, as the Engineers were able to prevail over the Pride in overtime on Saturday afternoon at Steinbrenner Stadium. Saturday marked the 10th time in the last 11 seasons that Springfield College played for a NEWMAC title.
With the loss, the Pride falls to 14-5-1 on the year, while MIT, which was ranked No. 24 in the latest United Soccer Coaches Division III National Rankings, improves to 16-2-3 overall. The Engineers held an 18-9 shot advantage in the win, while both sides were awarded six corner kicks. There were a combined 42 fouls in the contest, 23 coming from MIT.
Just 1:11 into the first overtime period Maya Nielan (Danville, Calif.) ripped a shot inside the Pride's box, which hit the cross bar, but the rebound bounced right to Amy Apostol (Los Gatos, Calif.), who made no mistake and buried her seventh goal of the season to lift the Engineers to victory.
In net for the Pride, senior goalkeeper Jackie Davis (Ringoes, N.J.) made eight saves, while her counterpart, Lily Mueller (Lakeville, Minn.) recorded three saves in the victory.
Springfield College opened the scoring as Amanda Wright (Pittsfield, Mass.) sent in a cross from the left side, which took one bounce in the box before Sara Swetland (Manchester, N.H.) freed herself from a defender and finished the chance for her sixth goal of the year. Just 22 seconds later, MIT equalized the game once again when Karenna Groff (Weston, Mass.) converted a pass from Apostol to make it 1-1 with 32:26 to play in the first half.
In the later stages of the first stanza, Kaleigh Dale (Mansfield, Conn.) and Nikki Kerr (Manchester, Conn.) each had shots on goal, but the scoring bids were turned away by Mueller, before Swetland had the last shot on goal of the first half, also stopped by the senior goalkeeper.
MIT put the pressure on the Springfield College back line in the early stages of the second half, producing three shots on goal, before Groff and Sophia Struckman (Scottsdale, Ariz.) had a flurry of chances with 20 minutes remaining that were both stuffed by Davis. Looking to score late, Groff and Struckman both had shots on goal with less than 1:10 to play, but Davis held tough as the two sides finished regulation in a 1-1 tie.
A corner kick just 45 seconds into overtime was sent in by Emily Berzolla (Riverside, Conn.), which was struck by Nielan, before Apostol sealed the win with her game-winning strike.


Don't miss this exceptional opportunity to quickly learn competitive strategies for business operations. Some companies are being asked to showcase their business operations and work in this area. If you are interested in participating, make sure to review the program outline and contact Kenneth Goodwin.
Ken has been a frequent guest speaker at my NYIT ExMBA classes and is a compelling and highly regarded expert in this subject. This is a "not to be missed" program.
Is your organization struggling to manage a high performance bully? Someone who brings in the customers or the financial returns but does so by bullying employees and customers?
If so, here is one way you might manage this person. For more information see our 1 minute global video on LinkedIn or email information@birchtreeglobal.com for the complete paper.
Birchtree Global and Dezan Shira invite you to Market Entry in India: What's Different in 2019.
The World Bank ranks India as the number 1 location in Asia for ease of doing business and in the top 25 in the world on getting credit and protecting minority investors. With a growing population of 1.37 Billion and a government actively working to attract inbound foreign direct investment, India is a top destination for health care, pharma, technology, and services.
We are pleased to invite interested executives to join Dr. Janet L. Walsh, CEO and President of Birchtree Global, and Rohit Kapur, CA, and Managing Director India for Dezan Shira& Associates for a short presentation on current FDI opportunities in India and specific advice on how to best enter the Indian marketplace. Following the presentation there will be a Q/A discussion on doing business in India. Both Dr. Walsh and Rohit Kapur have extensive experience building businesses in in changing and evolving economic and market conditions and can address your most challenging issues.
This event is free of charge, but with limited seating. To register email information@birchtreeglobal.com.
Dezan Shira & Associates is a pan-Asia, multi-disciplinary professional services firm, providing legal, tax and operational advisory to international corporate investors. Birchtree Global is a global services firm providing market entry, human resources, and research services for globalizing businesses.
My IERG colleague, John Lowe, CEO of Hilltop Partners forwarded to me the following interview with Jake Vander Zanden, Principle Consultant at McDermott & Bull Executive Search. The summary below is interesting as it shows how companies are tailoring hiring packages and how executives are negotiating their compensation and benefits packages. It also gives a window on the technology and life sciences industries. 2018 was a big year for McDermott & Bull Executive Search. The Technology & Life Sciences practice experienced a tripling of search activity versus 2017. They had significant growth across all verticals as well with more than doubling the amount of search assignments completed both in the US and international locations. Jake Vander Zanden, Principal Consultant at McDermott & Bull Executive Search, talked to interviewer, Theresa Matson of TLM Consulting about the trends he's seeing in executive talent recruiting.
TLM: First I would like to congratulate you and the entire McDermott & Bull team for a very successful 2018.
Jake Vander Zanden: Thank you, Theresa. With record low unemployment and creation of additional jobs in almost every sector, it's clearly a hot talent market. More clients asked for our help last year because the competition for the best talent is tighter than ever. Potential candidates are seeing more opportunity than they've had in years, and companies desiring their talent have needed to make adjustments to attract the best and brightest candidates.
TLM: Jake, during these competitive times we know that diverse compensation packages are important to candidates, what do you see being offered to executive talent?
Jake Vander Zanden: While one expects higher pay in competitive times, many companies have chosen additional options to augment the straight outlay of cash or equity. For example, we saw the inclusion of executive-level car allowances, annual physicals and additional concierge-style health care benefits, club memberships, and additional personal leave days. This practice of adding non-cash perks can also be a benefit to other employees when offered more widely to existing executive teams as a retention benefit.
TLM: And what about sign on bonuses?
Jake Vander Zanden: A cash sign-on bonus to offset stock option losses or providing some relief against the loss of bonus dollars has been used more frequently, and the amounts have been higher this past year than in the recent past. Getting a passive candidate to look at a new opportunity takes a bit of convincing, especially at the senior level when transitions affect companies so much. Quite often, once an executive is willing to look at an outside opportunity, there is an additional challenge presented by other competing opportunities that the candidate may also consider.
TLM: What happens once you identify the ideal candidate for a position?
Jake Vander Zanden: This year we had many instances when our ideal candidate came to the table with several legitimate opportunities in consideration. In a hot talent market, driven by competing offers, candidates make decisions fast because they don't like the "limbo" of keeping their activities a secret from current teams/employers. It is imperative for hiring managers to ensure a streamlined decision process that allows true evaluation and buy-in, but at the same time is as expedient as possible.
TLM: What do you provide to ensure the fastest placement of executive talent?
Jake Vander Zanden: We have worked with our clients to help them streamline their decision-making processes to prevent losing the best talent to other offers. We've also spent countless hours counseling and coaching candidates on what each opportunity means for their long-term career.
TLM: We talked about the importance of a faster interview process and faster hiring decisions. Are executives transitioning quickly as well?
Jake Vander Zanden: Obviously at the executive level there's rarely such a thing as a two-week notice, however this year we have seen an extension of the transition times, and perhaps more importantly a greater willingness to allow top candidates longer transition times with greater flexibility. As an example, one biotech was willing to allow our candidate close to two months to wind up his previous role prior to joining the new company so he could complete a critical project. Another allowed our candidate to start immediately for two days a week at the new company so she could be part of critical start-up decision making that was occurring. In exchange, her former employer was happy to have access to her talent for a one day a week for several months following her exit, to assist them in transitioning her duties to the executive that replaced her.
TLM: Let's talk about the willingness for your clients to look outside their traditional industry. Is this something that is important to the process of filling top positions with the most talented individuals?
Jake Vander Zanden: Yes, it is important. Some might call it an easing of the key requirements – but that's not what we're talking about. In fact, it's allowing us as a partner to discover hidden talent that might normally be overlooked due to too narrow a focus. We convinced several of our top clients to look outside their traditional field to consider talent from other industries in 2018. This year we placed a top entertainment company executive at a manufacturing company as the top revenue officer, and a biotechnology leader at an environmental services company. The result has been excellent, yielding senior leaders in roles where our client company is gaining tremendous insight from getting an "outsider's" view, and a fresh look at their biggest growth challenges.
Jake Vander Zanden is a Principal Consultant and leader of McDermott & Bull's Technology & Life Sciences Practice. His practice expertise includes, Biotechnology, Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices and Consumer Healthcare. Jake spent over 25 years as a turnaround and growth leader completing business transformations for companies on a global level. He has deep roots in Opthalmology and Neurology as a senior leader with Allergan, Medtronic, Lumenis, Hoya, and Presbia. He has lived and worked throughout Asia, Africa and Europe, and managed businesses in all the major regions of the world. He earned his BA in Marketing and Management at St. Thomas University.
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January 29, Recruitment Experts Share Top Insights!
Do you want your business to grow? You've got one more day to join Anita Campbell from Small Business Trends and Alice Bredin from Bredin, Inc. for a discussion on how small business attract and hire top talent. You'll discover how to make quick, meaningful changes to the way you recruit candidates and plan for long-term success.
In this webinar, you'll learn: -How the fastest-growing small businesses expand their talent pools and hire efficiently -Tips for avoiding common recruiting time wasters -Strategies for winning over candidates against larger, name-brand companies -Characteristics of great hiring managers – how much they spend on hiring and where they find candidates. If you are not an expert, then upgrade your recruitment skills.
Earn recertification credits by attending this webinar, which has been approved for 1 HRCI credit and 1 SHRM CP credit.
Can't make the webinar? RSVP anyway. We're sending all registrants a copy of the recording and slide deck. This is a terrific webinar for businesses who need to find great employees quickly!
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Birchtree Global wins Global Leadership Award at the 2019 International Conference on Business and Finance!
I'm pleased to announce Birchtree Global won the Global Leadership Award at the International Conference on Business and Finance in Las Vegas last week for leadership in research-based business studies. We are all thrilled! We believe what sets us apart from our business services colleagues is our focus on research-based solutions to client problems. We focus on analyzing our client's strategic objectives and crafting customized solutions that maximize their objectives, rather than recommending one-size-fits-all solutions. We research and present at conferences continuously and are so pleased to have our contributions acknowledged by the IBFR.
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Birchtree Global was born here 20 years ago!
I was on a State Visit to China for women executives and at the end of the trip, we stopped at the Hard Rock Café in Shanghai. My colleagues and I were commiserating over the lack of "agnostic" consulting advice. That is, consulting advice based on furthering the client's business strategy, rather than being sold a "vendor one-size fits all" solution. Having established businesses in more than 40 countries at this point, I knew most vendors offered their products as the ultimate solution for any staffing, payroll, tax, legal, or financial issue. No one was offering or suggested a competitor's product, even though those products would have been a better solution.
On January 1, 2019 Birchtree Global turned 20 years old. According to JP Morgan Chase, only 7% of businesses reach this milestone. I think one reason we've done so well has been our focus on enabling our client's strategy, using fact-based documentation, by being adaptable, thinking outside the box, and hiring the best people. All made possible by some of the best customers on the planet.
Being successful has meant we've been able to give back to the community and our causes. In 2018 I'm pleased to say contributions have been made to the Colorado Book Trust, The SPCA, Solace for Stephanie, the Explorers Club, the World Trade Center, Rotary Means Business, The Bedford-Armonk Rotary Club, and the American Museum of Natural History, among others.
We look forward to the next 20 years!
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For 20 years we have been globalizing strategy, companies, and people. Enrich your understanding of global business by watching the following webinars presented by corporate experts. HRCI and SHRM Certified!
Understanding Global Financial and Capital Markets with Patrick Reilly.
Patrick Reilly, noted business analyst at Pepsi, reviews and discusses how global financial and capital markets work sharing his insights and thoughts on global business.
Risk Management: Medical Issues in Business Travel and Expatriate Management presented by Dr. David Clyde.
Dr. David Clyde President and CEO of Spinnaker Medical Consultants International, LLC, and consultant to Exxon, discusses the employee medical considerations for global business.
Dr. Janet L. Walsh, President and CEO of Birchtree Global will present a summary of the critical issues in Global HR Management from the 2018 Madrid IHRM Conference. Participants will learn the critical issues that challenge global HR managers and the solutions they have created to positively resolve them. Information from this webinar will provide global HR leaders with up-to-date financial and operational challenges and solutions.
There is much to consider when globalizing a business in 2018. Join Dr. Janet L. Walsh as she highlights the specifics involved in establishing business operations outside of your home country. We'll discuss the infrastructure involved in growing a business globally. Based on our experience as corporate executives responsible for managing global business operations, we'll show you 20 critical issues you will face. We'll take an in-depth look of the 5 most critical that are likely to reduce your operational and financial performance in a global environment.
Dr. Janet L. Walsh presents her cutting-edge research on Cuba market entry. In this webinar you'll learn why market entry skills required for successful market entry in Cuba are not the same skills as successful market entry into other countries. We will use the travel industry as an example and highlight how this industry has done very well in bringing tourists into Cuba.


"Picture yourself in a boat on a river, with tangerine trees and marmalade skies. Somebody calls you; you answer quite slowly. A girl with colitis goes by." Wait…what?! Colitis?
Also labeled: Holistic Healthcare, Issue #58, Author Neal Robert Smookler, D.C.
Also labeled: Children's Health & Wellness, Issue #57, Parenting, Pregnancy & Birth, Author Wendy Anne McCarty, Ph.D.
Does My Baby Have Allergies Already?
Also labeled: Children's Health & Wellness, Holistic Healthcare, Issue #57, Parenting, Author Melissa Sell, D.C.
Also labeled: Holistic Healthcare, Issue #55, Author Larry Malerba, D.O.
Also labeled: Chiropractic, Holistic Healthcare, Issue #54, Wellness Lifestyle, Author Christopher Kent, D.C.


text:
Water poppy (Hydrocleys nymphoides)
Print | Search/browse other weeds
Water poppy is a perennial aquatic plant, found in still to slow moving water bodies up to 1 metre deep. It can form dense infestations that choke waterways.
Biosecurity duty
This plant is a water weed
This plant should not be sold in parts of NSW
How does this weed affect you?
Water poppies form dense infestations that can:
block waterways
reduce light and oxygen levels in the water
compete with native water plants
reduce food and habitat for fish and other aquatic animals
limit water flow, increasing the risk of floods
limit access to water for recreational use.
Water poppy is a perennial water weed with floating and emergent leaves. Stems can be up to several metres long. Leaves, roots and flower stems grow from nodes along the stem.
Leaves are:
dark green and shiny
oval, round or heart-shaped
up to 13.5 cm long and 12 cm wide
thick and spongy around the midrib
in rosettes that either float on the water's surface or emerge up to 40 cm above the water.
Flowers are:
pale yellow with a dark brownish-to-purple centre
5-8 cm wide
poppy-like
cup-shaped with 3 petals
above the water on stalks up to 30 cm long
present in warmer months, November to April in warm temperate parts of Australia and from September to April in subtropical regions.
Water poppies have not been known to produce fruit in Australia. In other countries the fruit:
are a capsule with a beaked tip
are 15 mm long
contain several seeds (1 mm in diameter and horseshoe-shaped), which are released when the capsule splits open.
float under the water's surface
form tangled, floating mats.
plants can form roots into the mud, usually on the shallower edges of waterways
grow from the nodes on the stems.
Where is it found?
Water poppy is a weed in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. In New South Wales water poppy has been found in:
Murwillumbah and Coffs Harbour on the North Coast
the Port Hacking river in the Sutherland Shire in Greater Sydney
the Murray River at Albury in the Murray Region
Bega in the South East.
It was introduced to Australia as an ornamental pond plant. It is also a weed in New Zealand, South Africa, Fiji, New Caledonia, Japan, England, French Polynesia, and the United States of America.
Water poppy is native to Central and South America.
What type of environment does it grow in?
Water poppy can tolerate both warm temperate and subtropical climates. Plants grow faster in warm locations. And although they tolerate cool conditions they do not tolerate frost.
It is mainly found in still to slow moving water bodies up to 2 metres deep. It grows best in full sun and shallow, nutrient rich waterways but will also grow in shade.
Plants can be found in waterways, lakes, swamps, shallow ponds, drainage channels and farm dams.
Maps and records
Recorded presence of Water poppy during property inspections (Map: Biosecurity Information System - Weeds, 2017-2023)
These records are made by authorised officers during property inspections under the Biosecurity Act 2015. Officers record the presence of priority weeds in their council area and provide this to the NSW Department of Primary Industries. Records reflect the presence of the weed on the date of inspection.
By plant parts
New plants can grow from nodes along the stem. These can break off from the main plant, float to the surface and move to new areas where they take root in the mud. The plants mostly spread at the end of the growing season when nutrient levels are low. Broken stem fragments can be moved by flowing water, machinery and boats.
By seeds
There is no evidence that water poppies have produced fruit or seed in Australia. Plants that grow from seeds have ribbon like young leaves and these types of leaves have not been observed in Australia.
Aston H.I. & Jacobs S.W.L. (1980) Hydrocleys nymphoides (Butomaceae) in Australia. Muelleria 4: 285–293[WG1]
Ford K.A. & Champion P.D. (2020). Alismataceae. In: Wilton, AD (ed.) Flora of New Zealand—Seed Plants. Fascicle 7. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln.
Kodela, P., & Jobson, R. W. (2018). Hydrocleys nymphoides (Alismataceae) naturalised in New South Wales waterways. Telopea, 21, 167-173.
PlantNET (The NSW Plant Information Network System). Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney. Retrieved 20 June 2022 from: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Hydrocleys~nymphoides
Sainty, G. R., & Jacobs, S. W. (2003). Waterplants in Australia (No. Ed. 4). Sainty and Associates Pty Ltd.
New Zealand Weed Busters (nd). Water Poppy (Hydrocleys nymphoides) Weed Information Sheet. Retrieved 20 June 2022 from: https://www.weedbusters.org.nz/what-are-weeds/weed-list/water-poppy/
PlantNET NSW FloraOnline, Hydrocleys nymphoides. Royal Botanical Gardens and Domain Trust.
Weed futures: Determining current and future weed threats in Australia, Hydrocleys nymphoides. Macquarie University.
Successful weed control relies on follow up after the initial efforts. This means looking for and killing regrowth or new seedlings. Using a combination of control methods is usually more successful. Water poppy can be controlled by physical removal or herbicides. It is important to remove all parts of the plant because it can easily regrow from stem fragments.
Do not dump aquarium or pond plants into waterways or bushland.
Physical removal
Individual plants and small infestations can be removed by hand. All parts of the plant need to be removed from the soil and water body to stop the plant re-growing and spreading. This will need to be done regularly until the plants stop re-growing. Excavators can be used to remove large infestations. It is important to ensure that all machinery is cleaned and all plant parts are removed before moving off site. Dispose of all plant parts appropriately.
Contact your local council for advice on how to dispose of water poppy.
Larger infestations can be controlled with herbicides. Herbicides can be applied via tablets, injection, spot spraying or a splatter gun. See labels and permits for detailed instructions. Herbicides must be registered for aquatic use.
Herbicide options
WARNING - ALWAYS READ THE LABEL
Users of agricultural or veterinary chemical products must always read the label and any permit, before using the product, and strictly comply with the directions on the label and the conditions of any permit. Users are not absolved from compliance with the directions on the label or the conditions of the permit by reason of any statement made or not made in this information. To view permits or product labels go to the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority website www.apvma.gov.au
See Using herbicides for more information.
PERMIT 9907 Expires 31/03/2025
Glyphosate 360 g/L (Only products registered for aquatic use)
Rate: One part product to 50 parts water
Comments: Spot spray
Withholding period: Nil.
Herbicide group: M, Inhibitors of EPSP synthase
Resistance risk: Moderate
Rate: One part product to 9 parts water
Comments: Splatter gun
Flumioxazin 15 grams /tablet (Clipper herbicide®)
Rate: 1 tablet for every 37.5 cubic metres of water to achieve 400 parts per billion.
Comments: For use on dense or established weed populations in enclosed water bodies, deeper than 0.5 m and larger than 37.5 cubic metres, or margins of larger, still water bodies. Throw tablets directly into the water to achieve uniform distribution of the herbicide. Alternatively, if weeds grow in clusters, concentrate the tablet application on the densest areas. See label for restrictions.
Withholding period: 14 days before using treated water to irrigate food crops. See label for withholding periods for other uses of treated water.
Herbicide group: G, Inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOs)
Rate: 1 tablet for every 75 cubic metres of water to achieve 200 parts per billion.
Comments: For use on low density, establishing or re-establishing weeds in enclosed water bodies, deeper than 0.5 m and larger than 37.5 cubic metres, or margins of larger, still water bodies. Throw tablets directly into the water to achieve uniform distribution of the herbicide. Alternatively, if weeds grow in clusters, concentrate the tablet application on the densest areas. See label for restrictions.
Rate: Inject solution into water body. 1 tablet per 37.5 cubic metres. Each tablet dissolved in at least 20 L of water + 0.5-1.0% adjuvant/surfactant
Comments: For use on dense or established weeds in water bodies less than 0.5 m deep or with a volume less than 37.5 cubic metres. Dissolve tablets in water (at least 20 L per tablet) mix thoroughly and then inject the solution directly into the water body.
Rate: Inject solution into water body. 1 tablet per 75 cubic metres. Each tablet dissolved in at least 20 L of water + 0.5 - 1.0% adjuvant/surfactant
Comments: For use on on low density, establishing or re-establishing weeds in water bodies less than 0.5 m deep or with a volume less than 37.5 cubic metres. Dissolve tablets in water (at least 20 L per tablet) and additives in a spray tank, mix thoroughly and then inject the solution directly into the water body. See label for restrictions.
The content provided here is for information purposes only and is taken from the Biosecurity Act 2015 and its subordinate legislation, and the Regional Strategic Weed Management Plans (published by each Local Land Services region in NSW). It describes the state and regional priorities for weeds in New South Wales, Australia.
All of NSW General Biosecurity Duty
All plants are regulated with a general biosecurity duty to prevent, eliminate or minimise any biosecurity risk they may pose. Any person who deals with any plant, who knows (or ought to know) of any biosecurity risk, has a duty to ensure the risk is prevented, eliminated or minimised, so far as is reasonably practicable.
Hacking River Catchment is classified as the core infestation area. An exclusion zone is established for the rest of the region. Regional Recommended Measure* (for Regional Priority - Containment)
Whole of region: Land managers should mitigate the risk of the plant being introduced to their land. Within exclusion zone: Land managers should eradicate the plant from the land and keep the land free of the plant. A person should not deal with the plant, where dealings include but are not limited to buying, selling, growing, moving, carrying or releasing the plant. Notify local control authority if found. Within core infestation area: Land managers should mitigate spread of the plant from their land. A person should not buy, sell, move, carry or release the plant into the environment.
Murray Regional Recommended Measure* (for Regional Priority - Prevention)
Land managers should mitigate the risk of the plant being introduced to their land. Land managers should eradicate the plant from the land and keep the land free of the plant. A person should not deal with the plant, where dealings include but are not limited to buying, selling, growing, moving, carrying or releasing the plant. Notify local control authority if found.
Riverina Regional Recommended Measure* (for Regional Priority - Containment)
Land managers should mitigate the risk of the plant being introduced to their land. Land managers should mitigate spread from their land. Notify local control authority if found.
South East Regional Recommended Measure* (for Regional Priority - Eradication)
*To see the Regional Strategic Weeds Management Plans containing demonstrated outcomes that fulfil the general biosecurity duty for this weed click here
For technical advice and assistance with identification please contact your local council weeds officer.
For further information call the NSW DPI Biosecurity Helpline on 1800 680 244 or send an email to weeds@dpi.nsw.gov.au
Reviewed 2023
Water poppy flowers have 3 yellow petals and are on stems above the water. (Photo: Biosecurity Queensland)
Water poppy plants form a thick, floating mat and can choke waterways and waterbodies. (Photo: Biosecurity Queensland)
Water poppy has dark green shiny leaves. (Photo: R.G. & F.J. Richardson)
Water poppy smothering a waterway. (Photo: Paul Marynissen Central Coast Council)
Water poppy's shiny green leaves can float or emerge above the water on stalks up to 40 cm long. (Photo: Paul Marynissen Central Coast Council)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


"China CITIC Bank International Limited ("CNCBI") is a wholly-owned subsidiary of CITIC International Financial Holdings Limited, which in turn is a wholly-owned subsidiary of China CITIC Bank Corporation Limited. By providing value-creating financial solutions to define and exceed both the wealth management and international business objectives of Greater China and overseas customers, CNCBI aspires to be the "China Bank of Choice", with the best international standards and capabilities. CNCBI's footprint in Greater China includes 34 branches in Hong Kong, as well as branches and presence in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Macau. CNCBI also has overseas branches in New York, Los Angeles and Singapore."


text:
A Two-Hit Model of The Biological Origin of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Apostolos P. Georgopoulos1,2,3,4,5*, Lisa M. James1,2,3,4, Peka Christova1,2,3, Brian E. Engdahl1,2,3,6
1 Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
2 Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
3 Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
5 Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
6 Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder that can develop following exposure to a traumatic event. Although the cause of PTSD is known, the brain mechanisms of its development remain unknown, especially why it arises in some people but not in others. Most of the research on PTSD has dealt with psychological and brain mechanisms underlying its symptomatology, including intrusive memories, fear and avoidance (see ref.1 for a broad coverage of PTSD research)1. Here we focus, instead, on the origin of PTSD, namely on the neural mechanisms underlying its development. Specifically, we propose a two-hit model for PTSD development, with the following components. (a) The 1st hit is a neuroimmune challenge, as a preexisting condition, and the 2nd hit is intense glutamatergic neurotransmission, induced by the traumatic event; (b) the key molecule that mediates the effects of these two hits is intercellular adhesion molecule 5 (ICAM-5) which was found to be differentially expressed in PTSD2. ICAM-5 is activated by neuroimmune challenge3,4 and glutamatergic neurotransmission5,6, it further enhances glutamatergic transmission6, and exerts a potent effect on synapse formation and neural plasticity, in addition to immunoregulatory functions3,4,7; and (c) with respect to the neural network(s) involved, the brain areas most involved are medial temporal cortical areas, and interconnected cortical and subcortical areas8-10. We hypothesize that the net result of intense glutamatergic transmission in those areas induced by a traumatic event in the presence of ongoing neuroimmune challenge leads to increased levels of ICAM-5 which further enhances glutamatergic transmission and thus leads to a state of a neural network with highly correlated neural interactions, as has been observed in functional neuroimaging studies8-10. We assume that such a "locked-in" network underlies the intrusive re-experiencing in PTSD and maintains associated symptomatology, such as fear and avoidance.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can develop in response to exposure to traumatic events, with hallmark symptoms including intrusive recollections or re-experiencing of the traumatic event, avoidance of trauma reminders, cognitive and affective changes, and hyperarousal11. PTSD is associated with high rates of psychiatric and medical comorbidities12-16, and increased mortality17,18. Although 90% of individuals are exposed to potentially traumatic events, only 7-10% of the general population19,20 and 10-30% of veterans21-23, develop PTSD suggesting that trauma alone is not sufficient. Rather, the typical outcome following trauma exposure is resilience24. Nonetheless, for those who develop PTSD, the symptoms may lead to significant chronic functional impairment. Furthermore, although several psychological and pharmacological interventions have been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms, treatment outcomes vary considerably with many individuals failing to respond and up to two-thirds of treatment responders failing to achieve remission25, leading many to emphasize the need for novel interventions.
Current Theories of PTSD
Numerous psychological and neurobiological theories of PTSD have been proposed. Psychological theories generally focus on cognitive functions associated with trauma including abnormal information processing, maladaptive interpretations about traumatic experiences, deleterious effects of trauma on belief systems, and memory disturbances, as well as affective contributions to these processes (several dominant models are reviewed in ref.26). Similarly, several neurobiological theories of PTSD have emerged and are summarized elsewhere27. Briefly, the dominant models focus on dysfunctional fear learning, threat detection, executive function/emotion regulation, and contextual processing and the associated neural regions including the amygdala, midcingulate cortex, insula, medial prefrontal cortex, and the hippocampus. These theories have been useful in explaining PTSD-associated symptomatology and have, in some cases, provided the basis for psychological interventions; however, they largely fail to adequately explain the development of PTSD. Thus, here we present a novel model of PTSD that elucidates the origin of the disorder, accounts for resilient vs pathological trajectories following trauma exposure, and provides an explanation for treatment non-response.
Biological Correlates of PTSD
Biological correlates of PTSD have been widely investigated with numerous studies identifying physiological, neuroendocrine, and genetic factors in addition to structural and functional brain alterations (for reviews see refs.28,29). At the brain network level, anomalous neural interactions characterized by hypercorrelation9 have been shown to distinguish PTSD from controls8,10, with both cortical9 and limbic regions involved30. Based on those findings, we hypothesized that the persistence of highly correlated neural ensembles underlies characteristic PTSD symptoms30. Here we discuss the role of immune system involvement in facilitating the persistent hypercorrelated network associated with PTSD.
Immunological involvement in PTSD is a promising avenue that has recently emerged. Recent reviews29,31 note immune system alterations including increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in PTSD. Notably, cytokines have been found to have profound effects on the HPA axis32, which is intimately linked to PTSD. In addition, FKBP5, a gene involved in immune regulation and a modulator of HPA axis function have been implicated in PTSD33. One particularly noteworthy study demonstrated that pre-deployment CRP predicted post-deployment PTSD34, suggesting inflammation may be a predisposing factor for PTSD. To that end, it has been speculated that inflammation resulting from traumatic brain injury underlies the high rates of co-occurrence of brain injury and PTSD35. Finally, changes in inflammatory markers have been reported following PTSD treatment31, and administration of hydrocortisone, an anti-inflammatory agent, immediately after trauma exposure has been shown to prevent PTSD in human subjects and promote dendrite growth and spine density in stressed animals36. In fact, those latter positive neural changes extended to other domains as well, including increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These findings underscore the intricate interplay among neural, hormonal and inflammatory factors in serious stress and the possible alleviation of its deleterious effects.
Biological Basis of the Origin of PTSD: A Two-Hit Model
PTSD is typically initiated by massive multi-sensory activation produced by the trauma exposure30. The layout of cortical connectivity, as delineated by Jones and Powell37, channels the flow of activation from primary cortical sensory areas, through intermediate interconnected stations, to ultimate convergence in the parieto-temporal and frontal cortices, and therefrom distribution to rostral and medial temporal areas, anterior and orbitofrontal frontal areas, and subcortical areas38. We have proposed that these multiple and converging interactions induce stable correlations among the various areas of convergence30, an idea supported by the results of modeling studies30. Such stable correlations have been observed in PTSD9, in contrast to healthy controls where a systematic reduction in trauma-related neural correlations was observed9. We have hypothesized that this stable correlation pattern represents a "locked-in" state of the late-stage sensory processing that underlies the occurrence of intrusive traumatic re-experiences and flashbacks8. It is reasonable to suppose that trauma exposure will initially induce such correlations to all brains; the question then is: why such correlations would persist in PTSD with all the untoward consequences? The considerations above and the findings of recent studies led us to propose a two-hit model for PTSD development, with the following components. (i) The 1st hit is neuroimmune challenge, as a preexisting condition; (ii) the 2nd hit is intense glutamatergic neurotransmission, induced by the traumatic event; (iii) the key molecule that mediates the effects of these two hits is intercellular adhesion molecule 5 (ICAM-5) which was found to be differentially expressed in PTSD2 (it is very possible that other molecules, in addition to ICAM-5, might be involved in this process); and (iv) the net result is a hypercorrelated state among higher-order association cortical and subcortical areas, with a focus on the temporal lobe8-10. Specifically, we hypothesize that the net result of intense glutamatergic transmission in those areas induced by a traumatic event in the presence of ongoing neuroimmune challenge leads to increased levels of ICAM-5 which further enhances glutamatergic transmission and thus leads to a state of a neural network with highly correlated neural interactions, as has been observed in functional neuroimaging studies8-10. We assume that such a "locked-in" network underlies the intrusive re-experiencing in PTSD and maintains associated symptomatology, such as fear and avoidance.
The Role of InterCellular Adhesion Molecule 5 (ICAM-5)
A recent study using transcriptomic analysis immediately following exposure to a traumatic event found that ICAM-5 was differentially expressed in people who subsequently developed PTSD following that exposure2. This finding plays a central role in our model, based on the dual role of this molecule, namely in glutamatergic neurotransmission5,6 and local immunosuppression3,4. ICAM-5 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, a group of adhesive glycoproteins expressed on cell surfaces that are primarily involved in cellular processes underlying the immune system and inflammation. ICAM-5, however, is unique in that it is the only ICAM that is expressed exclusively in the brain39, and it has been shown to play a critical role in dendritic development, synapse maturation, and associated neural network plasticity, in addition to typical ICAM immunoregulatory functions3-7. Moreover, ICAM-5 expression is limited to neurons in select telencephalic regions, including the neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala, caudate nucleus, and putamen, areas that are involved in higher-order functions such as learning and memory. For biological action, ICAM-5 is cleaved resulting in soluble ICAM-5 (sICAM-5); sICAM-5 enhances glutamatergic neurotransmission6 and exerts local immunosuppression relating to both innate and adaptive immunity3,4. Both of these actions bear directly on our hypothesis regarding its role in inducing and maintaining PTSD's intrusive memory and traumatic re-experiencing symptomatology.
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the two-hit model of PTSD origin. Red arrows indicate enhancing effect; blue arrow indicates immunosuppressive effect. See text for details.
ICAM-5 exerts an immunosuppressive action, as mentioned above, in response to antigenic challenges. sICAM-5 is released in response to viral infections, including encephalitis of diverse causes40. Its role helps keep local inflammation at low levels. Therefore, it is reasonable to suppose that sICAM-5 will be produced in response to local antigenic challenges. According to our model, it is the occurrence of a traumatic event in such a background that is crucial for PTSD development.
Glutamatergic Neurotransmission Enhances sICAM-5 production, and Vice Versa
In the realm of synaptic transmission, independently of antigenic challenge, the key factor producing ICAM-5 cleavage, and hence production of sICAM-5, is activation of glutamate receptors, specifically N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)5 and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors6. sICAM-5, in turn, enhances glutamatergic transmission6, thus creating a vicious cycle of an activated network. Since the dominant, if not exclusive, excitatory neurotransmission in the cerebral cortex is glutamatergic, it follows that the massive neuronal activity initiated by a traumatic event will lead to increased levels of sICAM-5, which, in turn, will further enhance glutamatergic transmission.
We hypothesize that this results in "fixing" those synapses, which, at the network level, would represent the memorized experience of the traumatic event. If that were universally the case for all people, why does PTSD develop in some but not others? For this, we postulate that the local level/concentration of sICAM-5 is the crucial factor: the higher the sICAM-5 level, the stronger the synaptic "tightness", and the associated correlations. This would explain why more serious traumatic events would be likely to have more lasting consequences but could not explain how traumatic events of similar intensity would lead to PTSD in some but not others. For this, we postulate a second hit, as follows.
PTSD: Intense Glutamatergic Transmission in The Background of Immune Challenge
We postulate that intense glutamate transmission induced by a major traumatic event occurring in the background of ongoing antigenic/immunological challenge will lead to a large increase of sICAM-5 leading, in turn, to substantially enhanced synaptic maturation. We further postulate that this essentially "fixes" the synaptic landscape of the network activated by the traumatic event. As mentioned above, this network mainly comprises anterior and medial temporal areas, anterior frontal and orbitofrontal areas, and subcortical limbic areas8-10. In this context, we explain the observed relation between ICAM-5 production and PTSD development2 by hypothesizing that ICAM-5 production was a pre-existing condition due to inflammatory/immunogenic challenge on the background of which the massive glutamate input induced a synaptic "locking" of the activated network, manifested behaviorally as persistent re-experiencing of the traumatic event. This interpretation is consistent with the findings of 3 studies, namely (a) that an elevated blood CRP is predictive of PTSD development34, (b) that intravenous (IV) injection of hydrocortisone (an anti-inflammatory agent) shortly after the occurrence of the traumatic event reduced the chance of PTSD development36, and (c) that IV injection of ketamine (a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist with relatively selective action in the midcingulate cortex41) in chronic PTSD alleviates the severity of its symptoms42. This last study, in particular, is in keeping with our hypothesis that a persisting, enhanced glutamatergic transmission underlies PTSD symptomatology.
Background Immune Challenge: Persistent Antigens and PTSD
Our two-hit model for PTSD development predicts that exposure to trauma in the presence of neuroimmune challenge would increase their risk of developing PTSD. As mentioned above, the presence of inflammation, as indicated by increased plasma CRP, is a risk factor for developing PTSD following trauma exposure34 and, conversely, the presence of PTSD is a risk factor for subsequently developing an autoimmune disease43,44. Moreover, we found in a recent study45 that Gulf War Illness (GWI), an immune-related disorder46-48, primes the occurrence of PTSD.
The various mechanisms underlying the interplay between PTSD and associated immune-related comorbidities, and the relevant neuroendocrine alterations involved, have been discussed succinctly49. In general, it is not clear which is the primary cause. It is very possible that PTSD and immune-related disorders share common functional alterations, predisposing for each other, that will need further research to be disentangled. Based on our initial findings of reduced Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class 2 protection in GWI46, and on our more recent finding that HLA allele DRB1*13:02 prevents brain atrophy in GWI48, we proposed48 that an important underlying factor for GWI consists of "persistent antigens", that is, antigens (of various kinds) to which veterans of the 1991 Gulf War were exposed (most probably through the vaccines received) but which could not be eliminated due the lack of HLA protection46. This hypothesis is in keeping with the results of our study51 that blood serum from veterans suffering from GWI exerts detrimental effects on brain cultures that are prevented by the addition of serum from healthy Gulf War era veterans. Finally, the link between the "persistent antigen" hypothesis47 and immune-related disorders is reinforced by the protection conferred by DRB1*13:02 on both GWI47 and a broad range of typical autoimmune diseases50. Thus, the underlying immune challenge we propose in our two-hit PTSD model here could be attributed to persistent antigens that would reflect reduced adaptive immunity protection in susceptive individuals. This issue remains to be clarified by an extensive investigation of HLA makeup in PTSD. In addition, the nature of the hypothesized persistent antigens could be investigated by experiments employing neural cultures51. Using such cultures, we have shown that deleterious effects of persistent antigens circulating in the blood can be reduced or eliminated51; this opens the possibility of treating PTSD by identifying and eliminating persistent antigens that otherwise hinder neural plasticity and recovery.
This study was funded by the University of Minnesota (the William L. Anderson Chair in PTSD Research and the American Legion Brain Sciences Chair) and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. The sponsors had no role in the writing of this paper. The contents do not represent the views of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government.
Georgopoulos AP, James LM, Engdahl BE. Neural mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Frontiers Research Topic 2017. https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/3447/neural-mechanisms-of-posttraumatic-stress-disorder.
Wingo A, Daskalakis N, Galatzer-Levy I, et al. Transcriptome-Wide Analysis identifies ICAM5 differentially expressed in chronic PTSD symptoms versus resiliency post trauma exposure in a longitudinal study. Biol Psychiatry. 2018; 83: 91-92.
Tian L, Lappalainen J, Autero M, et al. Shedded neuronal ICAM-5 suppresses T-cell activation. Blood. 2008; 111: 3615-3625.
Tian L, Rauvala H, Gahmberg CG. Neuronal regulation of immune responses in the central nervous system. Trends Immunol. 2009; 30: 91-99.
Tian L, Stefanidakis M, Ning L, et al. Activation of NMDA receptors promotes dendritic spine development through MMP-mediated ICAM-5 cleavage. J Cell Biol. 2007; 178: 687-700.
Lonskaya I, Partridge J, Lalchandani RR, et al. Soluble ICAM-5, a product of activity dependent proteolysis, increases mEPSC frequency and dendritic expression of GluA1. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e69136.
Ning L, Tian L, Smirnov S, et al. Interactions between ICAM-5 and β1 integrins regulate neuronal synapse formation. J Cell Sci. 2013; 126: 77-89.
Engdahl BE, Leuthold AC, Tan H-RM, et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder: A right temporal lobe syndrome. J Neural Eng. 2010; 7: 066005.
James LM, Engdahl BE, Leuthold AC, et al. Neural network modulation by trauma as a marker of resilience: differences between veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and resilient controls. JAMA Psychiatry. 2012; 70: 410-418.
Christova P, James LM, Engdahl BE, et al. Diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on correlations of prewhitened fMRI data: outcomes and areas involved. Exp Brain Res. 2015; 233: 2695-2705.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5. Arlington, VA: Author; 2013.
Boscarino JA. Posttraumatic stress disorder and physical illness: results from clinical and epidemiologic studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004; 1032: 141–153.
Kubzansky LD, Koenen KC. Is posttraumatic stress disorder related to development of heart disease? An update. Cleve Clin J Med. 2009; 76(Suppl 2): 60–65.
Nazarian D, Kimerling R, Frayne SM. Posttraumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, and medical comorbidity among returning U.S. veterans. J Trauma Stress. 2012; 25: 220-5.
O'Donovan A, Cohen BE, Seal KH, et al. Elevated risk for autoimmune disorders in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiat. 2015; 77: 365–374.
Pietzrak RH, Goldstein RB, Southwick SM, et al. Prevalence and Axis I comorbidity of full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States: results from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Anxiety Disord. 2011; 25: 456-465.
Boscarino JA. Posttraumatic stress disorder and mortality among US Army veterans 30 years after military service. Annals Epidemiol. 2006; 16: 248-256.
Schlenger WE, Corry NH, Williams CS, et al. A prospective study of mortality and trauma-related risk factors among a nationally representative sample of Vietnam veterans. Am J Epidemiol. 2015; 182: 980-990.
Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiat. 1995; 52: 1048-1060.
Kilpatrick DG, Resnick HS, Milanak ME, et al. National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD prevalence using DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. J Trauma Stress. 2013; 26: 537-547.
Kang HK, Natelson BH, Mahan CM, et al. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-like illness among Gulf War Veterans: A population-based survey of 30,000 Veterans. Am J Epidemiol. 2003; 157: 141-148.
Tanielian T, Jaycox, L. (Eds). Invisible Wounds of War: Psychological and Cognitive Injuries, Their Consequences, and Services to Assist Recovery. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2008.
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Marmar CR, Shlenger W, Henn-Haase C, et al. Course of posttraumatic stress disorder 40 years after the VietnamWar: findings from the National Vietnam Veterans Longitudinal Study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015; 72: 875-881.
Steenkamp MM, Litz BT, Hoge CW, et al. Psychotherapy for military-related PTSD: a review of randomized clinical trials. JAMA. 2015; 314: 489-500.
Brewin CR, Holmes EA. Psychological theories of posttraumatic stress disorder. Clin Psych Rev. 2003; 23: 339-376.
Liberzon I, Abelson JL.Context processing and the neurobiology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Neuron. 2016; 92: 14-30.
Pitman RK, Rasmusson AM, Koenen KC, et al. Biological studies of post-traumatic stress disorder. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012; 13: 769-787.
Michopoulos V, Norrholm SD, Jovanovic T. Diagnostic biomarkers for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Promising horizons from translational neuroscience research. Biol Psychiat. 2015; 78: 344-353.
James LM, Georgopoulos AP. Posttraumatic stress disorder: neuronal population coding of sudden traumatic events. Proceedings of AREADNE Research in Encoding and Decoding of Neural Ensembles, Santorini, Greece, 2018; p 67. https://areadne.org/2018/hatsopoulos-pezaris-2018-areadne.pdf
Wang Z, Caughron B, Young MRI. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An immunological disorder. Front Psychiatry. 2017; 8: 222.
Silverman MN, Pearce BD, Biron CA, et al. Immune modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during viral infection. Viral Immunol. 2005; 18: 41-78.
Kuan PF, Waszczuk MA, Kotov R, et al. Gene expression associated with PTSD in World Trade Center responders: An RNA sequencing study. Transl Psychiatry. 2017; 7: 1297.
Eraly SA, Nievergelt CM, Maihofer AX, et al. Assessment of plasma C-reactive protein as a biomarker of posttraumatic stress disorder risk. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014; 71: 423–431.
Devoto C, Arcurio L, Fetta J, et al. Inflammation relates to chronic behavioral and neurological symptoms in military with traumatic brain injuries. Cell Transplant. 2016; 26: 1169–1177.
Zohar J, Yahalom H, Kozlovsky N, et al. High dose hydrocortisone immediately after trauma may alter the trajectory of PTSD: interplay between clinical and animal studies. European Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011; 21: 796-809.
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Powell TPS. Sensory convergence in the cerebral cortex. In: Laitinen, L.V., and Livingston, K.E., eds. Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press. 1973; 266-281.
Yoshihara Y, Oka S, Nemoto Y, et al. An ICAM-related neuronal glycoprotein, telencephalin, with brain segment-specific expression. Neuron. 1994; 12: 541-553.
Lindsberg PJ, Launes J, Tian L, et al. Release of soluble ICAM-5, a neuronal adhesion molecule, in acute encephalitis. Neurology. 2002; 58: 446-451.
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Feder A, Parides MK, Murrough JW, et al. Efficacy of intravenous ketamine for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014; 71: 681-688.
Song H, Fang F, Tomasson G, et al. Association of stress-related disorders with subsequent autoimmune disease. JAMA. 2018; 319: 2388-2400.
O'Donovan A, Cohen BE, Seal KH, et al. Elevated risk for autoimmune disorders in iraq and afghanistan veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2015; 77: 365-374.
Engdahl BE, James LM, Miller RD, et al. Brain Function in Gulf War Illness (GWI) and associated mental health comorbidities. J Neurol Neuromed. 2018; 3: 24-34.
Georgopoulos AP, James LM, Mahan MY, et al. Reduced Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) protection in Gulf War Illness (GWI). Ebiomedicine. 3: 79-85.
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James LM, Christova P. Engdahl BE, et al. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and Gulf War Illness (GWI): HLA-DRB1*13:02 spares subcortical atrophy in Gulf War veterans. Ebiomedicine. 2017; 26: 126-131.
Neigh GN, Ali FF. Co-morbidity of PTSD and immune system dysfunction: opportunities for treatment. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2016; 29: 104-110.
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Journal of Mental Health & Clinical Psychology
Article Type : Mini Review
View/Download pdf
DOI : 10.29245/2578-2959/2018/5.1165
Article Notes
Intercellular adhesion molecule 5 (ICAM-5)
Glutamatergic neurotransmission
Persistent antigen
*Correspondence:
Dr. Apostolos Georgopoulos
Brain Sciences Center (11B), Minneapolis VAHCS, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Telephone No: +001 612 725 2282; Fax No: +001 612 725 2291
Email: omega@umn.edu.
Copyright: ©2018 Georgopoulos AP. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Citation: Georgopoulos AP, James LM, Christova P, Engdahl BE. A Two-Hit Model of The Biological Origin of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). J Mental Health & Clin Psychology. 2018;2(5): 9-14


text:
module Azure::Security::Mgmt::V2020_01_01_preview
  module Models
    #
    # Calculation result data
    #
    class SecureScoreControlScore

      include MsRestAzure

      # @return [Integer] Maximum control score (0..10)
      attr_accessor :max

      # @return [Float] Actual score for the control = (achieved points / total
      # points) * max score. if total points is zeroed, the return number is
      # 0.00
      attr_accessor :current

      # @return [Float] Ratio of the current score divided by the maximum.
      # Rounded to 4 digits after the decimal point
      attr_accessor :percentage

      #
      # Mapper for SecureScoreControlScore class as Ruby Hash.
      # This will be used for serialization/deserialization.
      #
      def self.mapper()
        {
          client_side_validation: true,
          required: false,
          serialized_name: 'SecureScoreControlScore',
          type: {
            name: 'Composite',
            class_name: 'SecureScoreControlScore',
            model_properties: {
              max: {
                client_side_validation: true,
                required: false,
                read_only: true,
                serialized_name: 'max',
                constraints: {
                  InclusiveMaximum: 10,
                  InclusiveMinimum: 0
                },
                type: {
                  name: 'Number'
                }
              },
              current: {
                client_side_validation: true,
                required: false,
                read_only: true,
                serialized_name: 'current',
                constraints: {
                  InclusiveMaximum: 10,
                  InclusiveMinimum: 0
                },
                type: {
                  name: 'Double'
                }
              },
              percentage: {
                client_side_validation: true,
                required: false,
                read_only: true,
                serialized_name: 'percentage',
                constraints: {
                  InclusiveMaximum: 1,
                  InclusiveMinimum: 0
                },
                type: {
                  name: 'Double'
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      end
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Posted on September 23, 2022 by jorjapaulk
The NFL's Humble Beginnings
For many living elsewhere who have a cable membership a really wants to enjoy EPL matches with American commentary, may use a VPN to access anyone for the two online streaming solutions watching their favorite top-quality league matches outside US. Without doubt, the famous McDaniels are planning to come back in the NFL for the coordinating place, immediately after the absolute most astonishing period, especially for the American football betting. The Giants have since included Azeez Ojulari, Elerson Smith, Ifeadi Odenigbo, and Ryan Anderson to your place and generally are getting a healthy Carter and Ximines back. The distance put him at 13th position in the 16-man industry in the team. The linebacker place has additionally been pitiful the final two postseasons, with Ben Niemann's 56.5 grade ranking first among Chiefs linebackers. Initial university football game had been played on Nov. 6, 1869, involving the Princeton Tigers and Rutgers University. The game who has lead the genre residence. Houston got down to a 1-0 lead in the opening framework but Tampa Bay got another homer from breakout star Randy Arozarena – whom moved 12-for-20 into the Rays' first five postseason games – and got four shutout innings from four relievers to use the opening game 2-1. In a phenomenal stat, the Rays are now 16-5 in one-run games in 2010, a .762 winning portion that might be the best ever before for any team over a full 12 months.
Therefore, the reality is that Spagnuolo couldn't manage to play more base and nickel regardless of if he wished to, nor could he count on the front four to create stress in moving situations. All four of the people tend to be linebackers, with Coughlin and Brown being EDGE tweeners. Concidentally, a few days ago, Tinashe Kachingwe, an American based musician denied becoming a Zimbabwean on social media. Gary Neville talked up the potential for Torres being moulded into City's main centre forward on Sky's Monday Night Football. It is possible to jump directly into the key feed, or give attention to a certain town. You can view UFC 264 through Main Event on Foxtel. If Coughlin can prove to have the instinct and capability to pile & shed, then their odds of making the roster may improve. Brown's special teams' ability and overall size won't hurt him, and Coughlin's flexibility could help him make a spot.
He said he required assistance on a project. During the dojo, students are surrounded by good, top quality, encouraging folks (trainers and costudents alike) just who help enhance their finest and have them dedicated to the reward. Kansas City Chiefs defensive coordinator Steve Spagnuolo is among the best in the game, in which he will likely to be searching for his 3rd tournament on Sunday contrary to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. In 1994, the league, along with the nationwide League, reorganized again, this time around into three divisions (East, western, and Central) and added a third round towards the playoffs in the form of the American League Division Series, using the most readily useful second-place group advancing to your playoffs as a wild-card team, besides the three divisional champions. League and club officials tend to be thrilled aided by the outcomes, which disclosed zero positives from examinations on players and staff.
Her streak of hits proceeded with the 1992 film A League of one's own, which featured an all-star cast that included Geena Davis, Rosie O'Donnell and Madonna. Somebody who never exercises regularly, but who then begins a rigorous workout program, 사설토토사이트 is placing by themselves in danger. Under Article III, Section P of the Grand Slam Rule Book, 'verbal punishment' is described as 'a declaration about an official, opponent, sponsor, spectator or other person who indicates dishonesty or perhaps is derogatory, insulting or otherwise abusive.' The part states a new player is susceptible to a fine up to $20,000 for each infraction. One location where we can use some assistance from the White House yet others, which is modeling exactly what a totally vaccinated individual can perform,' stated Cox. Steve is survived by mommy, Martha Jane Goolsby Parks; spouse, Anna Louise Harper; child, Cooper DesLauriers of the property; son, Madison Kirl Parks (Tracy) of Southhaven, Miss.; girl, Dana Marie Parks Messina (Paolo) of Baton Rouge, La.; three grandchildren; one great-grandchild. The NFL features used nickel employees (five defensive backs) once the brand-new base, as groups are utilizing it for pretty much their standard protective calls in order to match the league's offensive change toward 11 personnel (one back, one tight end, three wide receivers).
Twitch provides three tiers of paid subscriptions – and a portion would go to this content creators on their own. This is a different sort of types of going in; Coughlin increases the arc against Bobby Hart (68), who makes use of their length to keep Coughlin off him, but does not close up the inside lane. "It's always going to be near, for me, once we square off with each other. It really allows you to select between playing in "The backyard" in a charity pickup game with Seattle Seahawks celebrity Russell Wilson in Hawaii or planning to a meeting in ny with Saquon Barkley. Dartmouth and Princeton will mark this commemoration by playing their particular game at Yankee Stadium in new york. Kansas City playoff workers vs. You've seen football coaches like Bill Belichick or Alabama's Nick Saban, which have unpleasant once they get a challenging concern.
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Large map pocket measuring 40cm x 26cm. Ideal for rally cars for tidying away navigation maps and documents but can also be used in boats, aircraft, motorhomes and transporters. Supplied complete with fitting clips, just screw to the door or wall.


What tips or advice would you give to someone interviewing at Blattner Energy, Inc.?
Primarily a drug screen and physical and safety test. After the first location in Vero Beach I was called on first round re-hire for following location.
How did you get your first interview at Blattner Energy, Inc.?
No interview I was picked up through a union i was working with.


1. Combine milk, Equal®, melted butter, egg, egg whites, cinnamon and salt in large bowl. Stir in bread crumbs.
2. Spoon mixture into ungreased 1½ quart rectangular casserole. Bake in preheated 350°F oven 30 to 35 minutes or until pudding is set and sharp knife inserted near center comes out clean. Serve warm or at room temperature.


More than 85,000 veterans were treated last year for injuries or illness stemming from sexual abuse in the military, and 4,000 sought disability benefits, underscoring the staggering long-term impact of a crisis that has roiled the Pentagon and been condemned by President Barack Obama as ""shameful and disgraceful."
A Department of Veterans Affairs accounting released in response to inquiries from The Associated Press shows a heavy financial and emotional cost involving vets from Iraq, Afghanistan and even back to Vietnam, and lasting long after a victim leaves the service.
Sexual assault or repeated sexual harassment can trigger a variety of health problems, primarily post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. While women are more likely to be victims, men made up nearly 40 percent of the patients the VA treated last year for conditions connected to what it calls "military sexual trauma."
It took years for Ruth Moore of Milbridge, Maine, to begin getting treatment from a VA counseling center in 2003 -- 16 years after she was raped twice while she was stationed in Europe with the Navy. She continues to get counseling at least monthly for PTSD linked to the attacks and is also considered fully disabled.
They should have had a female reporter conduct that interview (on the video). Of course interviewers often interrupt the people they're interviewing, but the optics of this, a man interrupting a woman talking about something so sensitive, it just wasn't good.
Anyone who does this needs to be prosecuted ans sent to prison.
Saying that, I'd be willing to bet there was less of this going on before they started allowing men and woman to share barracks together and in combat together. You won't see any statistics on that because a lot of us would say, I TOLD YOU SO!
I agree with you, Bos. Women have a lot to offer the military, make no mistake. But the political correction of our military is making things worse, not better.
Men and women soldiers share barracks together?!?!?
Do they share showers too?
It reminds me of my college days.
I agree that all of the "sexual integration" that is happening in the military now is probably making this type of behavior more common, as well as easier to accomplish. I condemn this behavior absolutely.


2012 BMW C 650 GT new look with the concept of combining power, sophistication and fuel efficiency, comfort and freedom. This scooter offers a number of innovations such as LED daytime lights, parking brake is integrated into the side stand, electrically adjustable windscreen and a central locking system.
2012 BMW C 650 GT features 60-horsepower engine that offers all the performance you might need, especially on long trips. The suspension has a striking design with the largest storage capacity in its class, and excellent protection against wind and rain. Strength tuned engine with 44 kW (60 b hp) so it is beneficial for longer distances, you'll get easy handling and exceptional comfort of the BMW C 650 GT.


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Xcel Energy joins EPA's methane challenge
MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. - Xcel Energy joined the launch of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Natural Gas STAR Methane Challenge Program today. As a founding member of the program, the company...
Company will increase efforts to reduce methane emissions
MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. – Xcel Energy joined the launch of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Natural Gas STAR Methane Challenge Program today. As a founding member of the program, the company is committed to expanding its efforts to reduce methane emissions from its natural gas system.
"Joining the Methane Challenge supports our proactive approach to operating and maintaining a natural gas system that benefits our customers," said Cheryl Campbell, Xcel Energy senior vice president of gas. "By participating, we're continuing to advance best management practices that support clean, safe and reliable service by keeping natural gas flowing through our pipelines, where it belongs."
Though methane emissions from natural gas systems are less than one percent of Xcel Energy's greenhouse gas emissions, the company joined the EPA's Natural Gas STAR program in 2008 in an effort to reduce emissions. Since then, the company has reduced methane emissions by nearly 303,000 million cubic feet, equivalent to the carbon dioxide emissions of nearly 20,000 homes using electricity.
Xcel Energy has improved its natural gas system by removing all 880 miles of cast iron pipe from its system. It also used pressure reductions during pipeline maintenance and repairs, and increased efforts to prevent third-party dig-ins and other damage to property.
"Xcel Energy has already made great strides in reducing methane emissions," said Campbell. "Still, we can do more and plan to address one of the larger emission sources, the venting of pipelines during scheduled construction projects."
Through a combination of methods, the company estimates it can reduce by about half the escaping methane emissions from venting pipelines during scheduled construction.
Xcel Energy helped shape the Methane Challenge program and its design through its involvement with the American Gas Association and the Downstream Initiative—a collaboration of natural gas energy providers working to address technical and regulatory issues associated with reducing methane emissions from the distribution system. The Methane Challenge provides an opportunity for partners to showcase efforts to reduce methane emissions, improve air quality and effectively capture this energy resource.
Xcel Energy (NYSE: XEL) provides the energy that powers millions of homes and businesses across eight Western and Midwestern states. Headquartered in Minneapolis, the company is an industry leader in responsibly reducing carbon emissions and producing and delivering clean energy solutions from a variety of renewable sources at competitive prices. For more information, visit www.xcelenergy.com or follow us on Twitter and Facebook.
Install ceiling fans to keep cool air circulating so you can turn down your air conditioner. Still, make sure to turn off your fan when you leave the room.


After being sent home from work for feeling ill, (try teaching a class with no voice), I was surprised with the delivery of the Solid State Hard Drive I had ordered. After a quick nap, I was feeling a little bit better and started getting a little antsy to get something done. Naturally, the hard drive installation was my first choice.
The SSD was going into my main MacBook Pro, a 2010 model with 8gig onboard. I purchased my Macbook while I was overseas, and over the years have built it into the machine it is today. The SSD is the last upgrade I'll be making before retiring her.
After a few years travelling, the aluminium base became pitted with souvenirs from my travels!
Old hard drive reviled! Time to start the swap.
Placing the mounting lugs for the hard drive bracket.
New drive mounted safe and sound.
After a number of larger projects that take weeks to finish, the SSD upgrade was a really nice and smooth project. All finished and working in under thirty minutes. Time to rest up and feel better.


Tim Hardaway Jr. was not necessarily the talk of the New York Knicks offseason, which revolved around finding a way to get Carmelo Anthony off the roster and a way to keep Kristaps Porzingis on it.
The Knicks were successful in completing both objectives before training camp opened, but they also did give Hardaway a huge contract to the tune of a 4-year, $71 million deal.
Many predicted that the team would soon regret that deal, and some fans have already turned on Hardaway and the contract as he has not made a significant leap in production since leaving the Atlanta Hawks.
TAGSNEW YORK KNICKSTim Hardaway Jr.


 Leaked 'The Last of Us' Multiplayer information.
The Last of Us will be released on 14 June 2013 and we still don't know details about its multiplayer mode. Naughty Dog has not said anything about it.
Last Friday, the demo version of The Last of Us was released and it has already been cracked, showing a huge amount of information about the mutiplayer game modes.
Tonitorsi, a member on GameSpot forums, posted a summary of the information.
"You were able to partially improve the training of your clan. You gained some clan members by fighting off the attack.
If you want to read the full list, here you have the link to do it but, warning, it's a really long list.


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Welcome to robhumphreycomics.com!
Punching the Clock
Hang Out With Rob
Get in the Game Wins Best Anthology
The votes are in! Get in the Game won Best Anthology at the Indie Volt Awards! A huge thanks to everyone involved at Indie Volt, and...
Get in the Game Up For Best Anthology
Nominations for the Indie Volt Comic Book Awards were recently livestreamed, and Get in the Game was nominated for Best Anthology! The...
Appearance: The EXP Expo
I will be appearing with my friend and Get In the Game mastermind Pat Kawula at the newly minted EXP Expo; the genesis of the popular...
Get in the Game: KS Release & Book Pre-Orders Open!
Get in the Game has officially arrived at the Source Point Press offices, and Kickstarter fulfillment will be occurring over the next...
Guest Speaking at the International School of Comics Chicago
I had the honor and privilege of being invited to speak, alongside a number of other fantastic creators, at the International School of...
Source Point Press Gets in the Game
Breaking news! Get in the Game has officially been picked up by independent publishing powerhouse Source Point Press! Source Point is the...
A Title, An Artist, & THE Cover
Good things have been happening in regard to the work being done for the Get In the Game anthology. Very good things. But... why tell...
A few months back, my good friend and comic-book-brother-in-arms Pat Kawula pitched me an idea about a comic anthology with "Video Games"...
Appearance: Capital City Comic Con 9/21
I will be returning to East Lansing for my second appearance at Capital City Comic Con- this year's event will be held Saturday,...
Gunslingers Launches, Sells Through 1st Printing at Cherry Capital Comic Con!
It's official! Gunslingers, the book I've been working on with the fine folks over at Rocket Ink Studios, debuted at C4 2019 and...
Appearance: Fantasticon Toldeo 3/9-3/10
After party crashing last summer's mega-signing at Seann's Anime & Comics, just outside of Toledo, an opportunity came up to return to...
Change ALL of the Things!
Welcome to my new home on the web, robhumphreycomics.com! To say that the last few years of my comics adventure have been a roller...
© 2021 by Rob Humphrey. Punching the Clock and all related characters © 2011-2021 Rob Humphrey & Jeff Manley. Background image and logo inspired by Kenner; designed by Jason Plowman. Cartoon Avatar Illustrated by Jim McClain and Colored by Serena Guerra.


These drumsticks are perfect for game day. Put them in the slow cooker and have fall-off-the-bone tender, spicy chicken ready by kickoff.
Try this no fuss, crispy chicken made with Greek yogurt and olive oil.
Pumpkin gets back to its savory roots in a one-dish dinner with roasted chicken drumsticks.
Use a variety of quality ice cream, chocolate, and toppings to take this childhood favorite up a notch.
It is so simple and so much fun to squeeze out the tangy, succulent drumstick pulp in this awesome recipe.
Drumsticks are the perfect finger foods for a picnic and are adored by adults and kids alike.
An almost naked, and deliciously simple chicken appetizer.


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The Progressive Platform Gains Are Significant – But The Political Revolution Isn't Stopping There
Now that Sanders has declared his support for Clinton, a senior Sanders campaign advisor maps the road ahead. The platform is likely the most progressive ever. The future of the political revolution, however, goes far beyond the platform, rules, convention or even the 2016 election. In the next two weeks, Bernie Sanders will begin to describe how his massive organization of millions can function beyond this moment and help build a movement for social and economic change.
Source:In these Times via Portside
Author:Larry Cohen
A few hours ago, Bernie Sanders announced his support for Hillary Clinton for Democratic presidential nominee. It's a moment both to take stock of our gains and to think ahead. Sanders' insurgent campaign has made a remarkable impact, but the political revolution it started is far from over.
This weekend, the 187-member Democratic Platform Committee cleaned up some sections of the draft platform, but there is no mistaking the results for the political revolution.
The clean-up was significant, improving language on climate change, trade policy and healthcare reform. Most significantly, the demands now include Sanders' calls for a public option, a $15 minimum wage, and free tuition at public universities for families with incomes under $125,000 a year.
Not that the initial version, produced by the 15-member Platform Drafting Committee on June 25, lacked good points. It included planks on ensuring voting rights and getting money out of politics, expanding the post office to check cashing and other financial services, and passing a modern Glass-Steagall Act to separate investment and commercial banking. The drafters also called for significant investment in infrastructure and renewable energy, the abolition of the death penalty, and expanding rather than cutting Social Security benefits (though they were vague on how to pay for that).
After a year on the road with Bernie's campaign, I am proud of all of this, but yearn for what may have been: not just a better platform but the political revolution writ large as Sanders vs. Trump, a working-class candidate versus a billionaire.
While the platform is likely the most progressive ever, with enormous thanks to Bernie and his supporters, it will likely stop short of satisfying the tens of thousands who campaigned for him and the 12 million who voted for him. There is no proposal to end fracking; Medicare for all was voted down; and the platform does not support an end to new Israeli settlements in Gaza or the West Bank.
The section on trade is in many ways the most disappointing. Unlike the other platform goals, which require a progressive Congress—at best years away—trade is initiated by the president. Right now, that president is a Democrat who is counting on the Republicans to provide most of the votes for his Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade deal, which will cost millions of American jobs and accelerate the global race to the bottom.
Increasingly it seems that President Obama, determined to pass TPP as part of his legacy despite overwhelming opposition from Democrats and skepticism from the American public, sees the post-election lame duck session of Congress as his best chance. Fast-track for the TPP, passed a year ago by the Republican Congress, allows President Obama discretion to send it to Congress and then requires an up or down vote in the Senate and the House within 90 days. That gives Obama two options: If he sends the TPP to Congress in early September, Congress will be required to vote before adjournment at the end of the year. If he waits until November, it will be up to the Republican leaders to bring it to a vote in lame duck or let the clock run out.
At this critical time, Bernie Sanders and his platform committee appointees, were determined that the Democratic Party platform explicitly express opposition to the TPP. As it turned out, the Clinton campaign honored the demands of the White House and vigorously pressured its platform committee appointees to support the president and avoid outright opposition to the TPP. Public employee union leaders led that effort despite universal labor opposition to the TPP including that of their own unions.
While the trade language adopted on Saturday is far better than that in the initial platform draft, including general opposition to corporate-oriented trade, the failure to explicitly oppose the TPP means the president will be able to lobby Democrats to vote for the TPP without violating his own party's platform. Since some Republicans oppose the TPP, those Democratic votes could be decisive in securing lame duck passage. Meanwhile Donald Trump can claim that his opposition to the TPP is clear and that Hillary Clinton is only talking about opposing the deal and not acting when it counts.
The Sanders delegation will now pivot from the platform to the Democratic Party rules—issues like eliminating the nominating power of "super" delegates. The Rules Committee meets next week, and once again the debate will be about change vs. continuity and the populist moment vs. the party establishment.
The future of the political revolution, however, goes far beyond the platform, rules, convention or even the 2016 election. In the next two weeks, Bernie Sanders will begin to describe how his massive organization of millions can function beyond this moment and help build a movement for social and economic change. Bernie's revolution has brought us much further than anyone expected. Who would have ever believed the stated objectives of the Democratic Party would include a public option or free tuition? The question for millions of Bernie supporters is how to keep this going both inside and outside of the party, in the Congress and state legislatures, but also in the streets.
[Larry Cohen is the past president of the Communications Workers of America and a senior adviser to the Sanders campaign.]
Reprinted with permission from In These Times. All rights reserved. Portside is proud to feature content from In These Times, a publication dedicated to covering progressive politics, labor and activism. To get more news and provocative analysis from In These Times, sign up for a free weekly e-newsletter or subscribe to the magazine at a special low rate.
Posted in UncategorizedTagged climate change, clinton, political revolution, sanders, trade policy and healthcare reform
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Opinion: Hope Uzodinma — Let's Hope He Proves Us Wrong!
2020 Budget: Nigeria Mulls Sourcing $2.8 Billion External Loan Abroad
Amotekun: Oyinlola, Bode George Slam FG, Ask Critics To Look Beyond…
ERA/FoEN Mourns As Activist, Sunny Olukoya Is Laid To Rest
Ukraine President, Zelenskyy Rejects PM's Resignation
Home Headline Sports Minister Speaks On Super Eagles, Brazil Friendly
Sports Minister Speaks On Super Eagles, Brazil Friendly
Sunday Dare, the Minister of Youths and Sports Development, on Saturday in Abuja said the upcoming friendly game between Nigeria and Brazil would expose the Super Eagles' strengths and weaknesses.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that three-times African champions Super Eagles will take on Brazil at the Singapore National Stadium in Kallang on Oct. 13.
This is coming 23 years after Nigeria, on their way to winning Africa's first Olympic football gold medal, spanked the Selecao 4-3 after extra-time.
This was in the semi-finals at the Athens Stadium in the State of Georgia, U.S.
Dare said that even though the Oct. 13 game was a friendly, there was a lot at stake for both countries, describing it as a good test for the Super Eagles.
"The game in Singapore is a friendly, but also it is a friendly that we think will test our boys and we will see how prepared they are.
"It will also show our strong departments and areas where we are weak, so, we look forward to a very engaging and interesting game.
"We all know that Brazil is reputed to be a footballing nation and Nigeria is also one. We have ego at play even though it's a friendly, but we have two great footballing nations playing a friendly and we hope Nigeria will excel.
"I am not one that predicts matches, but I hope our boys will play excellently well because we have got talents on that team and I know they will show what they have got on the day," he said.
Dare also said the Buhari administration was committed to ensuring an all-round development of sports, adding that the Sports Ministry was ready to work with all the federations in the country.
"Let me also say, like I used to say, that I have brought to sports development in this country a fresh insight, an injection of a new dynamism in sports administration.
"In the past, there were distractions. But we will not be distracted, our eyes are set at the tip of the spear, we have a template and we will follow our plans.
"Also, we will go by the rule of law and also work with all federations, so long as the leadership is recognised by law.
"At that point, we owe it to Nigerians to work with them to such a point where we can develop every sports activity in our country the way they should be and put them in the right perspective," the minister said.
Sunday Dare
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Alleged N1.6bn Recruitment Fraud: More Revelations Against Customs Boss Surface
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The Debt Management Office (DMO) on Friday said the Nigerian government was considering taking a loan from foreign sources to fund the 2020 budget...
The brickbat over the South West's Amotekun security outfit continues to climax as former governor of Osun State, Prince Olagunsoye Oyinlola, on Friday took...
The Environmental Rights Action/Friends of the Earth Nigeria (ERA/FoEN) in a statement issued in Lagos Friday, described the death of human rights activist and...