Zoo Auctions Off Artwork Made By ... Animals?
These animals are taking modern art to a whole new level.
The Buttonwood Park Zoo in Massachusetts is holding an auction of fine art pieces -- made by the zoo's animals. Elephants, seals, beavers and more use their mouths and snouts to hold paintbrushes and create shockingly professional and original works of art. Or, they just drop the brushes and go for some good ole' fashion paw-painting.
But the animals aren't just casual artists: they're doing it for a cause. The program is part of the zoo's second annual "Art Gone Wild" fundraiser to benefit its growing education and conservation programs. Last year, they raised nearly $4,000.
The animal's artistic processes come somewhat naturally, thanks to an enhanced training program.
"It's really important that the animals and the keepers have a strong relationship, so when they ask them to do different behaviors, they respond to a word-based command," Lindsey Audunson, the zoological program coordinator, told The Huffington Post.
This year's auction will feature 50 pieces of original artwork painted by 10 different species of animals, and is set to close Tuesday, Dec. 15th, at 9 p.m. EST.


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U.S. Mint Announces Pause in Production and Sales of Morgan and Peace Dollars for 2022, Popular Historic Program Will Return in 2023
Mar 15, 2022 | Announcements, U.S. Mint
WASHINGTON – The United States Mint (Mint) today announced it will forgo the production and sales of Morgan and Peace Silver Dollars in 2022. This calculated pause is directly related to the global pandemic's impact upon the availability of silver blanks from the Mint's suppliers. The suspension will give the Mint time to evaluate the best way to allocate our limited supply of silver to ensure the best customer experience we can.
"We'll be required to make business decisions like this until the supply chain for silver blanks recovers from the disruptions caused by COVID-19," said Mint Deputy Director Ventris C. Gibson.
"I want to ensure that our customers know," she said, "that the modern renditions of the historic Morgan and Peace Silver Dollars will continue next year. Our goal is straightforward: to give our loyal customers the products they want and the service they deserve."
Please visit the Mint's 2022 Product Schedule at https://catalog.usmint.gov/product-schedule/2022/.
To reduce the risk of employee exposure to COVID-19 in the workplace, the Mint's sales centers are closed until further notice. Please use the United States Mint catalog site https://catalog.usmint.gov/ as your primary source of the most current information on product and service status.
2022 United States Mint American Eagle Gold Proof Coins On Sale March 17
WASHINGTON –The United States Mint (Mint) is pleased to announce the sale of the 2022 American Eagle Gold Proof Coins beginning on March 17 at noon EDT. Orders are limited to one coin per household for the first 24 hours from the on-sale date and time.
Struck in 22-karat gold at the West Point Mint, these popular coins are collector versions of the official United States Mint American Eagle Gold Bullion Coins. In 2021, for the first time since their introduction more than three decades before, the reverse (tails) of American Eagle Gold Proof Coins debuted a newly designed portrayal of an eagle, created by United States Mint Artistic Infusion Program Designer Jennie Norris and sculpted by United States Mint Medallic Artist Renata Gordon. Inscriptions are "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," "E PLURIBUS UNUM," and "IN GOD WE TRUST," along with the face value and weight.
The coins' obverse (heads) features Augustus Saint-Gaudens' full-length figure of Liberty with flowing hair, holding a torch in her right hand, and an olive branch in her left. To render a closer reflection of Saint-Gaudens' original vision, legacy details of the obverse design also were restored in 2021, including modifications to the U.S. Capitol Building, stars, torch, sun rays, and other design elements based on the original bronze cast.
The 2022 American Eagle Gold Proof Coins will be available in the following five product options:
PRODUCT LIMIT
MINTAGE LIMIT
22EB One Ounce Coin 6,000 16,000
22EC One-Half Ounce Coin 2,000 12,000
22ED One-Quarter Ounce Coin 4,500 14,500
22EE One-Tenth Ounce Coin 14,000 24,000
22EF Four-Coin Set (includes one of each weight) 10,000 N/A
American Eagle Gold Proof Coins are priced according to the range in which they appear on the Mint's Pricing of Numismatic Gold, Commemorative Gold, and Platinum and Palladium Products table. Current pricing information is available here.
The one ounce and four-coin sets are part of the Authorized Bulk Purchase Program and are available to Authorized Bulk (AB) members. Products listed in this program will be eligible for early release, carry an AB suffix to the product code, and may carry a premium. Early released products are not eligible for discounts.
Information about additional products featuring the American Eagle Gold Coins will be published on the Mint's 2022 Product Schedule at https://catalog.usmint.gov/product-schedule/2022/.
Note: To ensure that all members of the public have fair and equal access to United States Mint products, the United States Mint will not accept and will not honor orders placed prior to the official on-sale date of March 17, 2022, at noon EDT.
To reduce the risk of employee exposure to COVID-19 in the workplace, the Mint's sales centers are closed until further notice. Please use the United States Mint catalog site at https://catalog.usmint.gov/ as your primary source of the most current information on product and service status.
United States Mint Releases U.S. Navy 2.5 Ounce Silver Medal
Mar 9, 2022 | Announcements, U.S. Mint
WASHINGTON – The United States Mint (Mint) will open sales for the third release in its United States Armed Forces Silver Medal Program on March 11 at noon EST. The medal honors the U.S. Navy.
Designs featured on this medal are emblematic of the history and mission of the U.S. Navy. The obverse (heads) depicts the U.S. Navy destroyer John Paul Jones cutting through the water while the U.S.S. Constitution sails behind it. An F-18 Hornet formation flies by, leaving smoke trails in the sky, paying honor to both ships. Inscriptions are "UNITED STATES NAVY" and "DON'T GIVE UP THE SHIP," the latter spoken by mortally wounded Commander James Lawrence to his crew on the U.S.S. Chesapeake during the War of 1812. United States Mint Artistic Infusion Program (AIP) Designer Donna Weaver created the design, which was sculpted by United States Mint Medallic Artist Jay M. Kushwara.
The reverse (tails) features a line of sailors manning the rail while the American flag flies in the background. The inscriptions are the Navy's core values, "HONOR," "COURAGE," and "COMMITMENT." AIP Designer Steve Ferris created the design, which was sculpted by United States Mint Medallic Artist John P. McGraw.
Medals in the Armed Forces Silver Medal Program weigh 2.5 ounces, are two inches in diameter, and are struck in 99.9 percent fine silver. Each medal is encapsulated and packaged in a presentation case, and is accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity from the Mint.
The U.S. Navy Silver Medal is priced at $160. To set up a REMIND ME alert for this product, (product code S20MC), visit https://catalog.usmint.gov/u.s.-navy-2.5-ounce-silver-medal-S20MC.html. To view the Mint's complete portfolio of medals, please visit https://catalog.usmint.gov/shop/medals/.
Anticipated future releases in the Armed Forces Silver Medal Program include medals honoring the U.S. Marine Corps, the U.S. Army, and the U.S. Space Force.
Note: To ensure that all members of the public have fair and equal access to United States Mint products, the United States Mint will not accept and will not honor orders placed prior to the official on-sale date and time of March 11, 2022, at noon EST.
To reduce the risk of employee exposure to COVID-19 in the workplace, the Mint's sales centers are closed until further notice.
Purple Heart Hall of Honor Colorized Silver Dollar Available March 24, Only on Sale Until April 25
The U.S. Mint announces that orders for the Purple Heart Hall of Honor Colorized Silver Dollar may be placed from noon (EDT) on Thursday, March 24, until 3 p.m. (EDT) Monday, April 25, 2022. There is no introductory pricing for this product. The Purple Heart Hall of Honor Colorized Silver Dollar is $95. The house hold limit is one and the product limit is 25,000.
To order the Purple Heart Hall of Honor Colorized Silver Dollar (22CQ) please visit: National Purple Heart Hall of Honor Commemorative Coin | USM (usmint.gov)
First Commemorative Coins to Honor Purple Heart Recipients Available for Pre-Order from the U.S. Mint
The U.S. Mint reminds customers to take advantage of the opportunity to pre-order the Purple Heart Hall of Honor Commemorative Coins — the first coins issued by the U.S. Mint to specifically honor Purple Heart recipients – recognizing the valor and selflessness of the men and women who serve to defend our nation.
The coins, which became available for pre-order February 24, are only available at special introductory pricing for a short amount of time — until March 24.
The products available at introductory prices include the Proof Five-Dollar Gold Coin (22CA) and the Uncirculated Five-Dollar Gold Coin (22CB);
the Proof Silver Dollar Coin (22CC) and the Uncirculated Silver Dollar Coin (22CD);
the Proof Half Dollar Coin (22CE) and the Uncirculated Half Dollar Coin (22CF);
and the Three-Coin Proof Set (22CG).
In addition, all household order limits have been lifted.
Purple Heart Hall of Honor Commemorative Coins that are on sale can be ordered at: National Purple Heart Hall of Honor Commemorative Coin | USM (usmint.gov)
Please note that the Colorized Silver Dollar (22CQ) is not yet available for pre-order.
Surcharges in the amount of $35 for each $5 gold coin sold; $10 for each silver dollar sold; and $5 for each half dollar sold—totaling $50 for each three-coin set sold—are authorized to be paid to the National Purple Heart Honor Mission, Inc., to support its mission, including capital improvements to the National Purple Heart Hall of Honor facilities.
United States Mint Opened Sales for the 2022 Native American $1 Coin on February 9
Feb 17, 2022 | News, U.S. Mint
WASHINGTON –The United States Mint (Mint) began accepting orders for products containing the 2022 Native American $1 Coin on February 9 at noon EST. The 2022 coin honors Ely S. Parker of the Tonawanda Seneca.
Born Ha-sa-no-an-da into a prominent Tonawanda Seneca lineage on Iroquois land in upstate New York, Parker mastered English as a youth, and served as a translator and scribe for tribal chiefs in their struggle to maintain their reservation. In appreciation, the Iroquois bestowed upon Parker their greatest honor, naming him Grand Sachem of the Six Nations and according him the sacred name of Donehogawa (Keeper of the Western Door of the Iroquois Longhouse). Commissioned into the Army in 1863, Parker attained the rank of brevet Brigadier General as General Ulysses S. Grant's military secretary during the Civil War, helping to draft the formal surrender documents during the surrender at Appomattox. After Grant was elected president of the United States, he appointed Parker to serve as commissioner of Indian affairs, the first Native American to hold that post. He held the position from 1869 to 1871.
Available options and their prices are below.
22NA 25-Coin Roll – "P" $34.50
22NB 25-Coin Roll – "D" $34.50
22NC 250-Coin Box – "P" $289.75
22ND 250-Coin Box – "D" $289.75
22NE 100-Coin Bag – "P" $117.50
22NF 100-Coin Bag – "D" $117.50
The coin's obverse (heads) continues to feature Sacagawea carrying her infant son, Jean-Baptiste, by sculptor Glenna Goodacre. Inscriptions are "LIBERTY" and "IN GOD WE TRUST." The year, mint mark, and "E PLURIBUS UNUM" are incused on the edge of the coin. The 2022 Native American $1 Coin reverse (tails) design depicts Ely S. Parker in an Army uniform. Parker is shown with a quill pen and book, and a likeness of his signature, as symbols of his experience as an expert communicator, and his graceful penmanship. The inscriptions "TONAWANDA SENECA" and "HA-SA-NO-AN-DA" recognize his tribe and the name given to him at birth. Additional inscriptions include "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" and "$1."
Purchase the rolls and bags of the 2022 Native American $1 Coin by visiting the product detail page. To view additional products containing the Native American $1 Coin, visit https://catalog.usmint.gov/coins/coin-programs/native-american-dollar-coins/.
Native American $1 Coin products are also available for purchase through the Mint's Product Enrollment Program. Enrollments work like a magazine subscription. After you sign up, you will receive the next product released in the series and continue to receive products until you end your enrollment. Visit Native American $1 Enrollments | US Mint Catalog Online to learn more.
Note: To ensure that all members of the public have fair and equal access to United States Mint products, the United States Mint will not accept and will not honor orders placed prior to the official on-sale date of February 7, 2022, at noon EST.
To reduce the risk of employee exposure to COVID-19 in the workplace, the Mint's sales centers are closed until further notice. Additionally, due to operational adjustments in response to COVID-19, our customer service representatives are available to assist with any questions you may have, but are unable to accept credit card information or place your order over the phone. Please use our website for all order placements at this time.
Rhode Island American Innovation $1 Coin Products Available February 23
Feb 16, 2022 | Announcements, U.S. Mint
WASHINGTON – Rolls and bags containing the first American Innovation $1 Coin of 2022 will go on sale February 23 at noon EST. The reverse (tails) design of the coins in these products honors innovation from the State of Rhode Island. The following packaging options from the United States Mint (Mint) facilities in Philadelphia and Denver will be available:
22GRA 25-Coin Roll–P $34.50
22GRE 25-Coin Roll–D $34.50
22GBA 100-Coin Bag–P $117.50
22GBE 25-Coin Bag–D $117.50
Introduced in 2018, the American Innovation® $1 Coin Program is a multi-year series featuring distinctive reverse (tails) designs that pay homage to America's ingenuity and celebrate the pioneering efforts of individuals or groups from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories.
The Rhode Island American Innovation $1 Coin recognizes naval architect Nathanael Herreshoff's famous Reliance yacht, which incorporated numerous technical innovations when it was built in 1891. The coin's reverse design depicts the famous Reliance yacht at full speed in the waters surrounding Rhode Island. The design is bordered by a rope evoking the nautical scene. Inscriptions include "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" and "RHODE ISLAND." The design was created by United States Mint Artistic Infusion Program (AIP) Designer Dennis Friel and sculpted by Mint Medallic Artist Phebe Hemphill.
The obverse (heads) of all coins in this series features a dramatic representation of the Statue of Liberty in profile with the inscriptions "IN GOD WE TRUST" and "$1." It also includes a privy mark of a stylized gear, representing industry and innovation. AIP Designer Justin Kunz created the design, which was sculpted by Mint Medallic Artist Phebe Hemphill.
Incused on the coin's edge are "2022," the mint mark, and "E PLURIBUS UNUM."
To set up a REMIND ME alert for the Rhode Island American Innovation $1 Coin product options, visit the product detail page.
American Innovation $1 Coin products are also available for purchase through the Mint's Product Enrollment Program. Enrollments work like a magazine subscription. After you sign up, you will receive the next product released in the series and continue to receive products until you end your enrollment. Visit American Innovation $1 Enrollments | US Mint Catalog Online to learn more.
Additional American Innovation $1 Coin products are available at: https://catalog.usmint.gov/enrollments/american-innovation-1-coin-program/
https://catalog.usmint.gov/coins/coin-programs/american-innovation-dollar-coins/.
Presidential Silver Medal Honoring James K. Polk Available On February 14
Feb 9, 2022 | Announcements, U.S. Mint
WASHINGTON – The James K. Polk Presidential Silver Medal will be available for purchase directly from the United States Mint (Mint) starting on February 14 at noon ET. Polk was the nation's 11th U.S. President, serving from March 4, 1845, until March 3, 1849.
The Department of the Treasury has a long-standing tradition of honoring each President of the United States with an official bronze medal struck by the Mint. The Mint is now replicating this series of medals in 99.9 percent fine silver, each measuring 1.598 inches in diameter.
The obverse (heads) of the James K. Polk Presidential Silver Medal is by sculptor John Gadsby Chapman, and the reverse (tails) is by sculptor John Reich, United States Mint Assistant Engraver in the early nineteenth century.
The obverse features Polk's portrait with the inscriptions "JAMES K. POLK," "PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES," and "1845" along the border of the medal. The reverse features the inscription "PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP," symbolized by two hands clasped in token of amity. On the cuff of the left wrist are three stripes and buttons; the other wrist is bare. Above the hands, the pipe of peace and the tomahawk are crossed over each other.
Each medal is encapsulated and comes with a Certificate of Authenticity.
The James K. Polk Presidential Silver Medal is priced at $65. To set up a REMIND ME alert for this product, visit https://catalog.usmint.gov/james-polk-presidential-silver-medal-S811.html/ (product code S811).
To view additional medals in this series, visit: https://catalog.usmint.gov/medals/presidential/silver-presidential-medals/.
Presidential Silver Medals are also available for purchase via the Mint's Product Enrollment Program. For details, visit us online at: https://catalog.usmint.gov/presidential-silver-medal-enrollment-RJ.html/.
Note: To ensure that all members of the public have fair and equal access to United States Mint products, the United States Mint will not accept and will not honor orders placed prior to the official on-sale date of Feb. 14, 2022, at noon EST.
First Coin in United States Mint American Women Quarters™ Program Available February 7
WASHINGTON – On February 7, at noon EST, the United States Mint (Mint) will begin accepting orders for products featuring the first coin in the American Women Quarters Program. The coin honors writer, poet, performer, social activist, and teacher Maya Angelou.
Angelou rose to international prominence as an author after the publication of her groundbreaking autobiography, "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings." Angelou's published works of verse, non-fiction, and fiction include more than 30 bestselling titles. Her remarkable career encompasses dance, theater, journalism, and social activism. The recipient of more than 30 honorary degrees, Angelou read "On the Pulse of Morning" at the 1992 inauguration of President Bill Clinton.  Angelou's reading marked the first time an African American woman wrote and presented a poem at a Presidential inauguration. In 2010, President Barack Obama awarded Angelou the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and she was the 2013 recipient of the Literarian Award, an honorary National Book Award for contributions to the literary community.
The coin's reverse (tails) design depicts Maya Angelou with her arms uplifted. Behind her are a bird in flight and a rising sun, images inspired by her poetry and symbolic of the way she lived. It was designed by United States Mint Artistic Infusion Program Designer Emily Damstra and sculpted by United States Mint Medallic Artist Craig A. Campbell. Inscriptions are "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," "MAYA ANGELOU," "E PLURIBUS UNUM," and "QUARTER DOLLAR."
The obverse (heads) depicts a portrait of George Washington, originally composed and sculpted by Laura Gardin Fraser to mark George Washington's 200th birthday. A recommended design for the 1932 quarter, then-Treasury Secretary Mellon ultimately selected the familiar John Flannigan design. Inscriptions are "LIBERTY," "IN GOD WE TRUST," and "2022." The obverse design is common to all quarters issued in the series.
Product options and pricing are below.
MINT MARK
22WBA 100-Coin Bag P $40.00
22WBB 100-Coin Bag D $40.00
22WRA Two-Roll Set P, D $36.00
22WRB Three-Roll Set P, D, S $54.00
Coins in bags are produced at the Philadelphia and Denver Mint facilities. The three-roll set contains coins from Philadelphia, Denver, and San Francisco.
Numismatic Products
We invite you to learn more and enroll in the American Women Quarters Program today. Limited quantities will be produced, so sign up to ensure you receive a complete collection of American Women Quarters Program numismatic products.
Purchase the rolls and bags of the Maya Angelou Quarters by visiting the product detail page.
Enrollments Full for 2022 American Eagle Silver One Ounce Proof and Uncirculated Coin
"Remind Me" alerts are strongly advised in case of canceled enrollments.
Since last year's historic design change, American Eagle enrollments have more than doubled. Currently, 100% of available units of the 2022 American Eagle Silver One Ounce Proof Coin (S) and the 2022 American Eagle Silver One Ounce Uncirculated Coin (W) have been reserved through enrollments. If you would like to be notified if either of these coins become available again, please sign up for a "Remind Me" alert.
Remind Me — 2022 American Eagle Silver One Ounce Proof Coin (S)
Remind Me — 2022 American Eagle Silver One Ounce Uncirculated Coin (W)
Limited quantities of the 2022 American Eagle One Ounce Silver Proof Coin (W) remain available, but are selling rapidly. If you wish to add this coin to your collection, the U.S. Mint strongly recommends you register for an enrollment today, while inventory is still available and enrollment remains open.
Enroll now in the American Eagle Silver One Ounce Proof Coin Enrollment
Additional American Eagle products are available at: https://catalog.usmint.gov/coins/coin-programs/american-eagle-coins/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


On the Mayo Clinic Radio podcast, Dr. Halena Gazelka, chair of Mayo Clinic's Opioid Stewardship Program, explains the Mayo Clinic National Health Checkup survey results on opioids and shares how Mayo Clinic is taking steps to combat the opioid crisis. Also on the podcast, Dr. Stacey Rizza, an infectious diseases specialist at Mayo Clinic, discusses the recent rise in sexually transmitted infections. And Dr. Courtney Bennett, a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic, explains gender discrepancies when it comes to treating heart attacks.


Local officials said "Restore Pennsylvania" plan could help fund seven disaster relief projects in the township.
Gov. Tom Wolf has sent out the cavalry to pitch his perennial plan for a severance tax on the natural gas industry, this time with the promise of disaster relief for communities ravaged by last summer's flooding.
Representatives from the state Department of Environmental Protection held a news conference in Chanceford Township on Thursday, March 7, to promote the governor's $4.5 billion infrastructure plan, which hinges on a proposed severance tax on natural gas. Chanceford was hard hit by flooding last year.
Chanceford Township sustained an estimated $2.7 million in damage caused by flash floods and torrential rain on Aug. 31. The township's annual budget hovers around $1.5 million, local officials said.
Kent Heffner, roadmaster and supervisor in Chanceford Township, said municipal budgets usually don't have a lot of extra money in the bank.
"Everybody says if you have a big disaster, the federal government will come in and help you, and they didn't," Heffner said.
Dubbed "Restore Pennsylvania," the proposal covers everything from flood prevention and restoration of green banks and flood plains to public transit, high-speed internet access and commercial land development.
The plan: This is the fifth consecutive year Wolf has proposed a severance tax on natural gas production, each time unsuccessfully. The most recent iteration faces an uphill battle in the GOP-run Statehouse.
In a statement released in response to the governor's proposal, the Republican legislative leadership panned Wolf's call for a new tax on the natural gas industry.
"The governor's proposal includes three of the worst ways to grow an economy: taxing, borrowing and uncontrolled government spending," the statement read. "While improving Pennsylvania's aging infrastructure is a shared goal, it cannot come at the expense of the commonwealth's economy and taxpayers.
Flood damage: Last year's deluge destroyed or severely damaged dozens of roads, and did not spare the homes and businesses in its path.
York County received a disaster declaration from the federal Small Business Administration, meaning home and business owners would be eligible to apply for low-interest loans to pay for repairs.
But the state did not meet the Federal Emergency Management Agency's threshold for declaring a federal disaster, meaning there would be no direct federal relief.
"I just hope this program helps us out," Heffner said. "We'll make it work, but it's going to take years if we have to do it ourselves."
Joseph Adams, regional director for the DEP's south-central region, added that Chanceford Township and the DEP have been working for several years to improve the township's dirt and gravel roads.
"A lot of that got washed away in one storm," Adams said.


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Superb 5 star apartment accommodation is what you will get at the Palm Cove Apartments. Situated on the Cairns Northern Beaches the Palm Cove Apartments are housed within the Mango Lagoon Resort & Wellness Spa and provide the perfect relaxing holiday retreat for couples or the entire family. The Palm Cove Apartments are close to magnificent golf courses, restaurants, bars, cafes and boutique shops within Palm Cove itself and also only 400 metres from one of Queensland's finest beaches. Set in a delightful tropical garden setting and with 4 swimming pools, including a 50 metre lap pool, the Palm Cove apartments provides the ultimate in relaxing Queenland holiday accommodation. Stay more than 5 nights and you will not only receive great discount rates but you will also receive a 15% Restaurant / Bar Discount valid throughout your entire stay.
If you are after great value studio apartment accommodation in a fantastic Cairns city centre location then stay at the Northern Greenhouse Apartments Cairns. Situated only a few hundred metres from the Cairns mall the Northern Greenhouse Backpackers are ideal for the budget conscious traveller who wants fully self contained accommodation in the heart of all the action. Featuring a swimming pool, tour desk, guest laundry, Free off street security car parking and BBQ facilites the Northern Greenhouse Apartments & Backpackers Cairns are the ideal budget Queensland holiday destination.
If you've chosen the Ocean Hotels Hides Hotel Cairns (formerly the Club Crocodile Hides Hotel Cairns) then you're looking for value for money accommodation right in the heart of the Cairns CBD. Numerous restaurants, cafes, nightclubs and the Cairns Esplanade are all within a couple of minutes walk from our hotel. The Ocean Hotels Hides Hotel is a heritage listed building and was restored in 1997 adding the comfort and convenience of modern accommodation rooms, while retaining the colonial charm. The wide colonial verandas that front the hotel provide a unique vantage point to view the Cairns city and offer a relaxing place to enjoy your complimentary continental breakfast. Your hotel room will be either one of the Heritage listed budget style accommodation rooms with shared facilities (only 25 available) or a motel style room complete with ensuite bathroom (80 available).
The Hotel Cairns accommodation will suit the most discerning of travellers with luxuriously appointed hotel rooms set around a lagoon style swimming pool and tropical garden setting. The Hotel Cairns is ideally located within close proximity to everything that Cairns has to offer, including the city centre, nightlife entertainment and fine dining along the Esplande. With great hotel facilities including a gymnasium and luxury furnishing in the rooms, including DVD players, plump beds, air-conditioning and sizeable baths the Hotel Cairns really is the perfect relaxing retreat for you next holiday in Far North Queensland.
Budget Cairns accommodation in a central location is what the Great Northern Hotel Cairns offers. This property is recommended by the Lonely Planet and provides an ideal place to relax and unwind after a long day sight seeing around the Great Barrier Reef and Cairns area. The hotel rooms are clean and comfortable with split system air-conditioning and a TV with Free in-house movies, whilst the friendly staff at the 24 hour reception and tour desk will be more than happy to assist you with your holiday requirements. Located in the heart of the Cairns city centre the Great Northern Hotel is the place to stay, with discount accommodation rates available online.
At the Cairns Gateway Resort you have a choice of either self-contained studio apartments and motel accommodation rooms at very affordable rates. This makes the Cairns Gateway Resort the perfect location for your next tropical family holiday in Far North Queensland. Our beautifully landscaped resort is situated on the southern approach to Cairns and is only a 7 minute drive to the city centre. Surrounding the studio style apartments is our resort's large beach style pool with its own BBQ area and small playground for the kids. Cairns Gateway Resort's numerous facilities ensure that you and your whole family will have a very relaxing and enjoyable holiday in Cairns.
When you choose to stay at the Grosvenor in Cairns you will be able to choose from a range of budget studio, 1 and 2 bedroom self contained apartments. You will also be able to make use of the many guest facilities, which includes the direct internet access, faxing facilities, free car parking, guest laundry, fitness equipment, outdoor swimming pool, tour desk, bbq facilities, landscaped garden, 24 hour reception, baby cots available and daily housekeeping. From the Grosvenor in Cairns Apartments you can discover the sights and sounds of the rainforest at Cairns Wildlife Dome, get up close to koalas and snakes at Cairns Tropical Zoo or ride the iconic Skyrail and Kuranda Scenic Railway.
The Aspect Central Hotel Cairns provides guests with boutique motel accommodation at great value discount rates. Ideally situated in the heart of the Cairns CBD the Aspect Central Hotel is an ideal place from which to explore the Great Barrier Reef from, as well as all of the other Cairns tourist attractions. The Aspect Central Hotel Cairns provides holiday makers and business travellers with discount hotel accommodation in Cairns, Queensland.
The Cairns New Chalon Motel is ideally located within easy access of the city centre, shopping, restaurants, beaches and Cairns major tourist attractions, including wildlife parks, Great Barrier Reef and the tropical Cairns highlands. Facilities at the Best Western Motel Cairns include a restaurant and bar, room service, large resort style swimming pool with HUGE waterslide and in-pool attractions including a sea horse and whale, childrens playground, off street undercover car parking and Free AUSTAR. For great family fun on your next Queensland holiday stay at the New Chalon Motel Cairns.
The Ibis Styles Cairns Hotel and Apartments is an affordable qaulity resort offering Deluxe Hotel Rooms, 1 Bedroom Loft Spa Suites and 2 Bedroom Apartment Suites which are ideal for holiday makers and business travellers. This Cairns Apartment Hotel is delightfully set on two hectares of tropical gardens in the heart of city centre and close to Queensland's world famous Great Barrier Reef.
When you stay at the Coral Tree Inn in Cairns you will be able to make use of the many guest facilities, which includes the business centre, direct internet access, disabled facilities, faxing facilities, free car parking, guest laundry, restaurant, outdoor swimming pool, tour desk, bbq, massage room, garden, baby cots available and daily housekeeping. With beautiful tropical gardens, fantastic location, exceptional service and affordable rates, the Coral Tree Inn in Cairns provides the perfect accommodation for your next stay in Cairns.
Quality hotel accommodation in Cairns ranging from clean and affordable hotel rooms through to spacious family suites and studio units. With the Cairns city centre close by the Cairns Queens Court Hotel will make both leisure and business travellers happy. Discount hotel rates are available for longer stays in Cairns.
Rydges Esplanade Resort Cairns is located in the heart of Cairns with easy access to all of Cairn's shopping, restaurants, cafes and entertainment. Situated close to the Cairns Convention Centre business travellers will appreciate the exceptional hotel facilities at the Rydges Esplanade Resort. Also holiday makers will like staying at the Rydges Esplanade Resort Hotel because of the many recreational facilities and the ease from which they can take a day trip to the nearby Great Barrier Reef.
North Cove Waterfront Suites in Cairns has numerous guests facilities for your convenience including direct internet access, faxing facilities, free car parking, lift, spa, outdoor swimming pool, tour desk, bbq facilities, landscape garden, security access, baby cots for hire and even a babysitting service. Ideal for corporate business travellers and holidaymakers alike, the North Cove Waterfront Suites offers the unsurpassed location of the Cairns Esplanade only minutes walk to central Cairns, shops and restaurants.
Gilligans Backpackers Hotel and Resort is centrally located between Sheridan & Grafton streets, in the midst of Cairns city centre. Gilligan's is the ideal accommodation base from which to explore the beautiful and tropical north of Queensland including the Great Barrier Reef. Guests at the Gilligans Backpackers Hotel can laze by the pool sipping cocktails, browse over market stalls or experience total relaxation with a massage. The cheap hostel accommodation and discount hotel rooms are perfect for those people looking to have a fun holiday without spending a fortune.
Cascade Gardens provides travellers with discount accommodation in Cairns, complete with a range of modern amenities such as lounge bar, direct internet access, disabled facilities, faxing facilities, free car parking, guest laundry, gym & fitness equipment, spa, outdoor swimming pool, tour desk, bbq, garden, baby cots available and daily housekeeping. Accommodation at the Cascade Gardens Cairns consists of fully refurbished Studio and 1 Bedroom Apartments with fully self contained kitchens located in the heart of the Cairns city centre.
When you stay at the Citysider Holiday Apartments in Cairns you will be able to make use of the many guest facilities, which includes the child minding, free car parking, massage, outdoor swimming pool, tour desk, bbq, garden and babysitting service. The Citysider tour desk will help with all your touring needs and car hire is also available to access areas such as Port Douglas, the Atherton Tablelands and Mission Beach.
With a range of budget accommodation options available including share cabins, 2 bedroom cabins and deluxe villas the Whiterock Leisure Park in Cairns truly has something for everyone. This budget holiday resort accommodation is ideal for for couples, groups & families who are looking for somewhere cheap to holiday in Cairns. The sparkling in ground swimming pool is centrally located and adjoins a large undercover BBQ area and fully self contained camp kitchen complete with with television, cooking and fridge facilities.
The Bay Village Tropical Retreat Apartments in Cairns have a selection of hotel suites and fully self contained apartments available at great discount rates. This resort accommodation is ideally located in the Cairns city centre and is perfect for both holiday makers and business travellers to Cairns. The Bay Village Tropical Retreat is a family-owned retreat with 2 levels, offering personalised service and value for money. guests can sit back and soak up the relaxed informal atmosphere in the award winning gardens at the Bay Village Tropical Retreat.
The Oasis Inn Holiday Apartments in Cairns provices budget motel, studio, 1 & 2 bedroom self contained apartment accommodation for holiday & busienss guests close Cairns Esplanade and the Great Barrier Reef. Oasis Inn Cairns provides holiday accommodation right in the heart of Cairns and is an ideal place for family holiday, singles or couples vacationing in the tropical north of Australia.
Accommodation at the Mid City Luxury Suites is in 1 bedroom self contained serviced apartments that are complete with all of the amenities to make you feel right at home. The Mid City Suites in Cairns is centrally located close to everything that the city has to offer and provides elegant holiday accommodation for all sorts of travellers.
For guests who choose to stay at the Reef Gateway Apartments in Cairns they will not only get great value for money self contained accommodation but will also be just a short walk from all that the city centre has to offer. They can also make use of the many guest facilities at this property, which includes the faxing facilities, free car parking, spa, outdoor swimming pool, tour desk, bbq area, tropial gardens and baby cots. The Reef Gateway Apartments Cairns is owned and run by a very knowledgeable couple, offering you that extra local knowledge and personal service to make your holiday as enjoyable as possible.
Cairns Colonial Club Resort provides travellers with discount accommodation in Cairns, complete with a range of modern amenities such as lounge bar, business centre, conference centre, internet access, disabled facilities, faxing facilities, free car parking, guest laundry, gym, massage, restaurant, room service, sauna, spa, tennis court, tour desk, bbq, massage room, airport shuttle, security, 24 hour reception, babysitting service and daily housekeeping. With 5 hectares of tropical gardens, 3 lagoon swimming pools and 2 resort restaurants the Cairns Colonial Club Resort provides a home away from home whilst you are in Cairns, combining the tranquility of a tropical resort with the advantages of a mainstream hotel.
201 Lake Street provides travellers with discount apartments in Cairns, complete with a range of modern amenities such as direct internet access, free car parking, lift, outdoor swimming pool, tour desk, bbq and baby cots available. Ideally located in the central business district of Cairns, just off the Esplanade and only a short stroll from the main Cairns shopping precinct, 201 Lake Street is a dream destination ideal for tourists, holiday makers and corporate business travellers alike.
Best Western Plus Cairns Central Apartments provides travellers with discount accommodation in tropical North Queensland, complete with a range of modern amenities such as conference centre, direct internet access, faxing facilities, free car parking, guest laundry, lift, massage, restaurant, spa, outdoor swimming pool, tour desk and baby cots available. The Best Western Plus Cairns Central Apartments Hotel offers friendly customer service, a central Cairns location and affordable accommodation that is perfect for the corporate and leisure travellers.
Tradewinds McLeod Holiday Apartments provides travellers with discount accommodation in Cairns, complete with a range of modern amenities such as business centre, direct internet access, faxing facilities, free car parking, outdoor swimming pool, tour desk, bbq, garden, security and baby cots available. The affordable rates and quiet yet convenient location affords relaxation and accessibility, making the Tradewinds McLeod Holiday Apartments a delight for families visiting Cairns and tropical Far North Queensland.
The Cairns Southside International Inn is Cairns newest 4 star flag choice quality inn offering affordable motel style accommodation rooms. The Cairns Southside International Motel is situated only 3kms from city centre and within easy walking distance to a major shopping centre, clubs and gymnasium. The hotel features of the Cairns Southside Inn include a restaurant with room service, swimming pool with a crocodile slide for the kids, spa, BBQ area, guest laundry and free in house video's and cable tv. The Cairns Southside International Motel acts as the ideal gateway to the spectacular Great Barrier Reef, the world heritage rainforest areas of North Queensland, the popular beaches of Port Douglas or the serenity of the Atherton Tableland area.
The Nomads Cairns Backpackers Hostel provides travellers with discount accommodation in Cairns which is ideal for the budget conscious. It comes complete with a range of modern amenities such as lounge bar, direct internet access, free car parking, guest laundry, restaurant, outdoor swimming pool, tour desk, bbq and airport shuttle. Nomads Cairns is a purpose built resort hostel, located only minutes away from the Cairns Esplanade, gateway to the Great Barrier Reef, including everything you need to enjoy Tropical North Queensland in style.
Situated within easy walking distance of the beautiful palm-fringed Trinity Beach and the local shopping centre is the Prime Trinity Beach Pacific Apartments. The tropical swimming pool with refreshing waterfall, poolside BBQ area, free access to the local gymnasium and breakfast patios or balconies on every room make these Trinity Beach apartments the perfect place for a relaxing and enjoyable Queensland holiday. The superb central location of our apartments makes them ideal for couples and families who want to get away and enjoy the nearby attractions, including the Great Barrier Reef, Kuranda Skyrail, Atherton Tablelands, Cape Tribulation and the Daintree Rainforest.
Surrounded by lush landscaped gardens the Palm Royale Hotel Cairns is a boutique, resort style property with a difference, Mediterranean at heart with a tropical ambience. The Palm Royale Cairns provides travellers with discount accommodation in Cairns, complete with a range of modern amenities such as lounge bar, direct internet access, free car parking, guest laundry, lift, restaurant, spa, outdoor swimming pool, tour desk, bbq, airport shuttle, 24 hour reception and daily housekeeping.
If you are looking for luxury hotel accommodation in Cairns then stay at Pullman Cairns International. With luxuriously appointed hotel rooms and suites located in the heart of the Cairns city centre The Pullman Hotel is perfect for the discerning holiday or business traveller to Queensland's tropical north.
For budget hotel accommodation in Cairns stay at the Heritage Cairns Hotel. Conveniently positioned in the heart of the Cairns CBD the discount rates make it the ideal destination for the budget conscious traveller. With so much to see and do in and around Cairns the Heritage Cairns Hotel is sure to ensure that you next stay is both memorable and fun.
The Nomads Esplanade Backpackers Hostel provides travellers with discount accommodation in Cairns, complete with a range of modern amenities such as direct internet access, guest laundry, outdoor swimming pool, tour desk, airport shuttle, security and 24 hour reception. This really is the closest hostel to the Great Barrier Reef, so why not stay in the centre of Cairns at Esplanade Backpackers Hostel. Idelaly located directly opposite Cairns Lagoon, and just a short boat ride to the Great Barrier Reef. This backpackers hostel is designed for travellers who want to relax & have fun without breaking the budget.
The Cairns Sheridan Hotel is a hotel motel providing luxury holiday & corporate accommodation close to the Great Barrier Reef and Daintree Rainforest. For the very best Cairns accommodation, the Cairns Sheridan Hotel is an affordable boutique hotel offering value for money accommodation with exceptional facilities. The Cairns Sheridan Hotel has discount rates available for longer stays in Cairns, Queensland.
The Getaway On Grafton provides travellers with discount apartments in Cairns, complete with a range of modern amenities such as direct internet access, faxing facilities, free car parking, spa, outdoor swimming pool, tour desk, bbq and baby cots available. Getaway on Grafton Apartments Cairns offers clean, comfortable and fully furnished rooms where you can relax and enjoy the tropical lifestyle that Cairns has to offer.
The Half Moon Bay Resort Holiday Apartments are located at Yorkeys Knob on the Cairns beaches, directly opposite the Half Moon Bay Golf Course. Only a short walk away are the beautiful sandy beach and a variety of restaurants and shops. It is also only a ten minute drive to Cairns International Airport and 15kms to the Cairns city centre. When you stay at the Half Moon Bay Holiday Apartments you can dive and snorkel the Great Barrier Reef, tour around the Daintree and Cape Tribulation rainforests or travel on the scenic Skyrail and Kuranda Train. For a relaxing tropical holiday in Far North Queensland the Half Moon Bay Resort Holiday Apartments offer a very affordable choice.
The Rydges Plaza Hotel Cairns is the most centrally located hotel in the whole of Cairns. Our luxury hotel is situated within easy walking distance to the Cairns Convention Centre, Reef Casino, Great Barrier Reef departure terminals, Esplanade lagoon, foreshore promenade, numerous restaurants and the Cairns central shopping complex. The Mangrove Jack's Restaurant is located on the 3rd floor of the Rydges Plaza Hotel and it's creative menu features delicious seafoods and tender steaks. The Rydges Hotel also features the Crown Lager Bar, and it's relaxed atmosphere provides the perfect meeting place for a refreshing drink or cocktail. Whilst you are staying in Rydges luxurious accommodation why not partake in some of Cairns relaxing pastimes including golf on one of Cairns beautiful golf courses, a ½ or full day fishing tour, tours of hartley's crocodile farm and Cairns Zoo or tours of the Great Barrier Reef including snorkling. Luxury Cairns hotel accommodation in an ideal central location.
Shangri-La Hotel Cairns is located in the historic Marlin Marina of Cairns. Providing luxury hotel accommodation in a wide range of hotel rooms and suites the Shangri la Hotel is on the Cairns waterfront above the Pier Shopping Complex and Dining Promenade. The Shangri la Marina Hotel provides holiday makers and business travellers with the perfect luxury hotel accommodation in Cairns, Queensland.
The Bohemia Resort in the heart of Cairns offers price busting backpackers hostel accommodation as well as hotel rooms and 3 bedroom self contained apartments. This range of quality accommodation options makes the Bohemia Resort Cairns ideal for singles, leisure guests, families, business travellers, groups and sporting trips.
Budget Cairns accommodation is what the Comfort Inn Cannon Park Hotel is known for. This Cairns hotel is within walking distance to shops and restaurants and the Cannon Park Race Course is also located opposite the motel. The picturesque Cairns Foreshore is an easy 15-minute drive away and the Comfort Inn Cannon Park Hotel Cairns has a tour desk that can help you organize day trips to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.
If you are looking for a resort that embodies the true hospitality of Tropical North Queensland then the Cairns Rainbow Resort is the property for you. With our large swimming pool surrounded by lush tropical gardens and coconut trees and location close to the CBD, shopping, restaurants, cinemas, conference centre and the Cairns airport the Cairns Rainbow Resort provides the perfect holiday accommodation. Alternatively you can wine and dine at the Rainbow Inn's very own Coral Gardens Restaurant and Cocktail bar, which offers a large range of a-la-carte dining and beverages, and is open until late. The tour desk at the Cairns Rainbow Resort can advise on numerous popular tours in the Cairns region including the Great Barrier Reef, Daintree Rainforest and Historic Kuranda Train.
The Oasis at Palm Cove Apartments are set amoungst a 2 ½ acre tropical garden and are only a 2 minute walk from the spectacular beach and a 5 minute from a choice of 22 award winning restaurants. The magnificent location makes the Oasis at Palm Cove perfect for either couples wanting a romantic getaway, or families looking for a relaxing and fun-filled Queensland holiday. The facilities of this Palm Cove resort include a large spa pool, swimming pool, full size tennis court and much more. The Oasis at Palm Cove Apartments are located only 20 minutes north of Cairns Airport and offer luxury self-catering accommodation in a secluded tropical Queensland location. Oasis Palm Cove is close to the major tourist attractions including the Great Barrier Reef, the Skyrail rainforest cableway and the championship golf courses at the Paradise Palms and Novotel Resort. Click here for more Palm Cove Holiday Apartments.
Rydges Tradewinds Cairns is located in the heart of Cairns with easy access to all of Cairns' shopping, restaurants, cafes and entertainment. Being positioned close to the Cairns Convention Centre makes the Rydges Tradewinds Hotel ideal for business trips and being a gateway to the Great Barrier Reef makes the Rydges Tradewinds Cairns perfect for holiday makers.
Calypso Inn Backpackers Resort in Cairns is a budget hostel that features shared dorm & private hostel accommodation with large discounts available for those holiday makers who only need their room to rest their heads. The Calypso Inn Back Packers has superb facilities including a tropical gardens with a relaxed atmosphere, swimming pool, Zanzibar Bar & Grill, security, internet access, air-conditioning and friendly tour desk.
Comfort Inn City Sheridan Motel Cairns is a 3 ½ star boutique style motel centrally located close to the CBD, casino, major shopping centre, restaurants, nightclubs, cinemas, convention centre and the Cairns airport. Our motel accommdation rooms are very spacious and feature an ensuite bathroom, mini bar, balcony with either a pool or street view, air-conditioning and in-house movies. The Comfort Inn City Sheridan Motel also includes Julians a-la-carte restaurant and cocktail bar, a swimming pool, BBQ area and free guest car parking. The friendly staff at the City Sheridan Motel will be more than happy to help you to plan your day trips to the Atherton Tablelands and Cairns beaches, or advise on the best tours to the Great Barrier Reef, Daintree Rainforest and Historic Kuranda Train and Skyrail.
The Port Douglas Retreat Holiday Apartments is your retreat to tropical North Queensland paradise. This holiday accommodation in centrally located in Port Douglas, Australia is just a 5 minute walk to the beautiful palm fringed 4 Mile Beach, the fabulous Marina Mirage and the Port Douglas village centre with its street side cafes, first class restaurants, boutique shops and art galleries. On your relaxing Queensland holiday you can play a game of golf or tennis, scuba dive, sail or snorkel amongst the abundance of colourful marine life of the Great Barrier Reef or alternatively 4 wheel drive, bushwalk or safari through the pristine World Heritage Rainforest of the Daintree and Cape Tribulation. The facilities at the Port Douglas Retreat include a large saltwater pool, barbeques with gazebo, undercover security car parking, guest laundry facilities, tour & information desk and free in-house movies. Click here for more Port Douglas Holiday Apartments.


My workshop is operating in Cracow since 2001. I carry out repairs, adjustments and maintenance of bows for string instruments. I make both new bows according to different top-quality models and copies of old bows. In any case, I keep particular attention to detail. Moreover, I carry out appraisals of bows and issue certificates.


text:
Q: How can I make this thread safe? I have a server that receives various xml messages from clients (one thread per client) and routes the messages to different functions depending on the message type. Eg. if the first element in the messages contains the string 'login' it signifies that this is a login message so route the message to the login() function.
Anyway, I want to make this message so things don't get messed up if multiple clients are connected and the dispatcher switches threads in middle of the message routing. So here is how I am routing the messages -
public void processMessagesFromClient(Client client)
{
    Document message;

    while (true)
    {
        try
        {
            message = client.inputStream.readObject();

            /*
             * Determine the message type
             */
            String messageType = getMessageType(message);

            // Route the message depending on its type
            switch (messageType)
            {
                case LOGIN:
                    userModel.handleLogin();
                ...
                ...
                ...
                etc...
             }
        } catch(Exception e) {}
   }

So how can I make this thread safe? I figure I need to put a synchronise statement in somewhere but Im not sure where. Also Ive been reading around on the subject and I found this post which says there is an issue with using synchronise on 'this' -
https://stackoverflow.com/a/416198/1088617
And another post here which says singletons aren't suitable for using synchronise on (My class in the code above is a singleton) - https://stackoverflow.com/a/416202/1088617

A: I would actually have a message handler thread which is responsible for reading incoming messages. This will then hand off processing to a worker thread to do the time consuming processing of the message. You can use the Java ThreadPoolExecutor to manage this.

A: Your class is already thread safe, because you are only using local variables.
Thread safety only comes into play when you access class state (ie fields), which your code doesn't (seem to) do.
What you are talking about is serialization - you want to funnel all message processing through one point to guarantee that message processing is one-at-a-time (starts and finishes atomically). The solution is simple: Employ a static synchronized method:
public void processMessagesFromClient(Client client) {
    Document Message;

    while (true) {
        processMessage(client);
    }
}

private static synchronized processMessage(Client client) {
    try {
        message = client.inputStream.readObject();

        String messageType = getMessageType(message);

        // Route the message depending on its type
        switch (messageType) {
            case LOGIN:
                userModel.handleLogin();
            ...
            etc...
        }
    } catch(Exception e) {}
}

FYI static synchronized methods use the Class object as the lock. This code will make your code behave like a single thread, which your question seems to want.

A: Provided you have one of these objects per thread, you don't have a problem.  You only need to synchronized a shared object which can be modified by one of the threads.
public void processMessagesFromClient(Client client) {
    while (true) {
        processMessage(client);
    }
}

private void processMessage(Client client) {
    try {
        Document message = client.inputStream.readObject();

        String messageType = getMessageType(message);

        // Route the message depending on its type
        switch (messageType) {
            case LOGIN:
                userModel.handleLogin();
            ...
            etc...
        }
    } catch(Exception e) {}
}

A: If you already have 1 thread per connection, then the only thing that you have to synchronize are the functions which handle the events (i.e. functions like userModel.handleLogin()).

A: I guess the best solution should be to use a thread safe queue like the ConcurrentQueue and use a single working thread to pick up this values and run the actions one by one.

A: You need to know which resource should be only used be one thread at a certain time.
In your case it is likely that reading the next message needs to protected.
 synchronize (lock) {
      message = client.inputStream.readObject();
 }

However, your code sample does not really show what needs to protected against concurrent access

A: The method itself is thread safe.
However, noting that this your class is a singleton, you might want to use double checked locking in your getInstance to ensure thread safety.
Also you should make sure your instance is set to static
      class Foo {
            private static volatile Foo instance = null;
            public static Foo getInstance() {
                if (instance == null)
                {
                    synchronized(this)
                    {
                        if (instance == null)
                            instance = new Foo ();
                    }
                }
                return instance ;
            }
        }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Moving On: Changes
April 12, 2018 April 12, 2018 / Robert Krenzel	/ Leave a comment
A few months ago, I was talking to my daughter, discussing her plans for the future, and I made some brilliant, Dad-like statement along the lines of: "Whatever you do, it's important to do what you love." I was pleased with myself for offering such sage advice. Then my daughter asked me, "Do you love your job?" What ensued was a discussion of the pros and cons of enduring the job you have versus seeking one which has risks, but might be where your heart is. Upon reflection, it was much easier to follow my sage advice when I was 22 than it is at middle age with two college-bound kids and a mortgage.
Or is that just an excuse?
After much consultation and soul-searching, I decided to follow my own advice. Next week I begin a new chapter. I am hopeful that doing something I love will make me healthier and happier…and a better example for my kids. There will be risks and challenges, but I hope it is worth it.
At least I can say I followed my own advice.
And I should have more time to write!
The Sun and the Moon Part 2
March 21, 2018 March 21, 2018 / Robert Krenzel	/ Leave a comment
Last week I talked about how the sun and moon shape the environment and how some of the reasons they can be important to a soldier. This week I'd like to explore another concept in which the sun and moon play critical parts: TIME.
In my cultural studies before deploying to the Balkans in the '90s, one difference that stood out was how different cultures perceive time. As an American who grew up in suburbia, for me time was strictly linear: one thing happens after another. Minutes tick by into infinity; what happened before is old news. I was surprised to learn that not all cultures understand time that way.
For many people, time is cyclic. The sun rises and sets, rises and sets. The moon moves through its phases over and over. Winter, spring, summer, fall, winter, spring, summer, fall. Crops are planted and harvested, planted and harvested. Generation after generation of people are born, grow up, have children, grow old, and die.
It took me a while to understand this concept. After all, time is linear, right? Things have a beginning and an end! As I have grown a little older, I have begun to notice the cycles more. To be honest, the lunar cycle is probably my favorite, and not just because of the moonlit military shenanigans I described in my last post. To me, the moon is an honest broker of time. A glance up at a moonlit sky grounds me, and reminds me of where and when I am. This was never truer than when I was deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. I wrote my family often, and in particular when I wrote to my son I would make note of when the moon was full: this served as a sort of a countdown. "Hey buddy, it's a full moon! Only eleven more to go before I come home!" For me the full moon was a shared point of reference for my family and me.
Now my son is in the last quarter of his senior year in high school. We have shared a lot of full moons. When I step back and look at his progress, I can clearly see the cycle in action: He was born, he has grown, and he is about ready to step out into the world on his own, to jump straight into this adventure called life. All is as it should be.
So, is time really linear? Yes and no. Yes, time marches on into infinity, but it also repeats itself in cycles. That is its nature, and it will continue to do so as long as the sun rises and sets, and the moon moves through its phases.
U.S. Naval Observatory Sun and Moon Data for One Day: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/RS_OneDay.php
March 14, 2018 March 14, 2018 / Robert Krenzel	/ 1 Comment
If you have read any of the Gideon Hawke novels, you may have noticed that I pay attention to the physical environment. Like many authors I make sure I take into the account the time of year and the weather, but I probably invest more than most in the position of the sun and the phases of the moon. Why? Because to me it matters.
As a soldier I found it critical to take into account the sun and the moon. Try attacking into the sun, or stumbling around the desert at night…until a rising full moon clears the mountains and switches the lights back on! Details that are of little note in our daily lives can be of critical import for a soldier on operations, and knowing how to use the environment to advantage can give that soldier a winning edge.
In Kosovo in 2000, the locals had an elaborate lookout system: when they saw Humvee headlights coming down the road (Humvees have very distinctive headlights) they would spread the word by short wave radio, or by signaling with their porch lights. This made it hard for conventional U.S. forces to do anything covertly. Hard, but not impossible. I found that with a decent amount of moonlight, we could operate our Humvees quite safely on the roads of my sector with our lights OFF. It was a personal moment of triumph when we drove right up to the house of a local Serb family, and the man of the house came out and said, "We didn't know you were coming!" I smiled and replied, "I know!" We didn't catch a lot of people in the midst of shenanigans that way, but we certainly kept some people on their toes!
In the 1770s, before photographic mapping, GPS, and night vision, knowing the environment was even more critical. Soldiers like Gideon Hawke, who had learned to move silently at night, take advantage of precious starlight and moonlight, and maximize the advantages of day and night, were at a tremendous advantage. Native American warriors, being raised to live with the land, tended to excel in these areas. This allowed them to move quickly and quietly, to seemingly appear out of nowhere, and to seemingly vanish just as quickly. There were "European" troops on both sides of the War for Independence who had learned these skills: whether they were called riflemen, rangers, jaegers, or something else, they used their skills to snoop and surveil, and sometimes to strike swiftly and without warning. Occasionally generals of the time would dust off this playbook: perhaps most famously, George Washington used the cover of night to conceal his approach marches, enabling the stunning victories at Trenton and Princeton.
I have never used the cover of night to give me the advantage in a pitched battle, but I have assembled troops in the night and launched operations at dawn. I have welcomed the descent of night, and breathed a sigh of relief at the coming of dawn. I have looked up into the celestial spectacle of a moonless Iraqi night, and said a prayer of thanks for the two "stars" flying a holding pattern overheard at 30,000 feet (They were Marine Corps F-18s flying in my support. Semper Fi!)
So, I suppose it is only natural that I make sure I take into account what the heavenly bodies are doing. Fortunately for me the U.S. Naval Observatory has a website that will tell you the solar and lunar data for a particular place and time, even back to the 1700s! So, if I happen to mention that Gideon assembles his men at Valley Forge in the pre-dawn hours of April 23rd, 1778, just as a crescent moon rises, or that there was a total solar eclipse a few days before the Battle of Monmouth, you can be fairly certain that I didn't make that up. I use my imagination to fill in a lot of details in the Gideon Hawke novels, but I will never trifle with the sun and the moon.
March 7, 2018 March 7, 2018 / Robert Krenzel	/ Leave a comment
"…with zeal and with bayonets only, it was resolved to follow Greene's army to the end of the world." –Brigadier General Charles O'Hara, Commander of the Brigade of Guards, 1781.
In the combat zones of the 21st Century one can find a dizzying array of weaponry, from ballistic missiles to barrel bombs, assault rifles to rocket launchers, hand grenades to IEDs, drones to chemical agents. If you were to inspect the kit of a soldier in any one of the many conflicts scattered around the world, chances are that in the midst of the GPS units, radios, and high-capacity magazines you will find a relic from an earlier time: the bayonet.
The bayonet had its origin in the early days of firearms. Early muzzle-loading weapons were slow to fire and unreliable. Infantry formations in those days often consisted of musketeers and pikemen: the pikemen, wielding their long spears, would keep enemy infantry or cavalry from overrunning the musketeers after the first volley. While firearms technology improved, the musket's rate of fire remained too low to prevent a determined enemy from closing to within arm's reach. "If only there was a way to turn those long, sturdy muskets into spears!" Enter the bayonet.
Early bayonets had a plug the owner shoved in the muzzle of his firearm, making the weapon incapable of firing until the soldier could spend some quality time getting it out. The technology evolved to include rings and sockets. By the time of the American Revolution the state of the art bayonet had a socket to secure it securely to the muzzle of the firearm, and business end consisting of a spike-like blade, around a foot-and-a-half long. The weapon could be loaded and fired with bayonet fixed, although it tended to get in the way of loading, slowing the process down slightly.
Throughout history soldiers have found many household uses for the bayonet: tent peg, candlestick holder, cooking spit, probe (I have personally used a bayonet to search the occasional haystack-it can be used to search for landmines, but that is not recommended), etc. While it can be helpful around camp, the bayonet is, at its heart, a weapon. It arguably reached its zenith as a weapon of war during the American War for Independence.
The British forces in American were quick to take stock of their enemy once the war broke out. American troops, especially militia, were handy with firearms. Given a prepared defensive position, such as the breastwork on Breed's Hill in the battle that became known as Bunker Hill, the Americans would stand their ground and pour devastating volleys into the best troops the British could muster. They were not so tenacious, however, when faced with the bayonet's "cold steel." Many of the American troops, particularly the militia, finished their own firearms, which they used for hunting and other household chores; hunting weapons did not come with bayonets. Thus, few of the militiamen on Breed's Hill were so equipped; when American ammunition ran low, the British surged forward, leading with the tips of their bayonets, and the Americans ran for it. That lesson was certainly not lost on the British.
After the evacuation of Boston the British retrained and adjusted their tactics in response to the lessons of 1775. Starting in the summer of 1776 the British would attack in open order, with space between men. They would not stop to trade volleys with the Americans. Instead, the British infantry would minimize its exposure to American fire by jogging or running toward the American positions. They might stop once to fire a single volley, but then would charge in with bayonets. This played out in the Battle of Long Island with several American positions being quickly overwhelmed by British and Hessian bayonet charges.
Needless to say, this presented quite a problem for the Americans. The solution involved organization, logistics, training, and leadership.
George Washington quickly realized that the militia was a "broken reed," and that he would have to rely on a long-service, regular army along European lines. This regular, "Continental" Army, would be as uniformly equipped as possible; ideally each regiment would be equipped with a single model of military-grade musket, each with a bayonet. Once equipped, troops were trained in bayonet combat, giving them the confidence to face down their adversaries. The final ingredient was tactical leaders who knew how and when to employ the cold steel.
These reforms paid dividends. In the skirmish at Drake's Farm, in February, 1777, (retold in my book A Nest of Hornets)Colonel Charles Scott and his 5th Regiment of Virginia Continentals were ambushed by a British Brigade. Rather than stand fast and allow his men to be pounded by artillery and encircled by enemy infantry, Colonel Scott led his men in a bayonet charge that broke a British grenadier battalion. This threw his enemy into confusion and bought Scott time to conduct a fighting withdrawal. At Saratoga, in September and October, 1777, Continental brigades not only held their ground against British regulars, but also launched several successful bayonet charges (A Constant Thunder). At Cowpens, in January, 1781, Brigadier General Daniel Morgan took advantage of British aggressiveness: he had his men feign retreat, and then turn, fire, and launch a bayonet charge against the exhausted British, winning the day and effectively destroying the entire British force. In the climactic act of the war, at Yorktown, In October, 1781, Redoubts 9 and 10 were carried by Franco-American nighttime bayonet charges.
When the British landed on Long Island in the summer of 1776, they were convinced that they prod the Americans back into obedience to the Crown with the tips of their bayonets. Five long years later, the drama would culminate with French and American bayonets hemming in a British army at Yorktown. In future American wars the bayonet would be put to use: it would be wielded to great effect at places like Chapultepec, Little Round Top, the Argonne forest, and Iwo Jima. But perhaps never before or since the American Revolution were a war and a weapon so inextricably linked.
An Army of Young People
February 28, 2018 February 28, 2018 / Robert Krenzel	/ Leave a comment
The events that unfolded after the tragedy at the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School have been truly fascinating: the survivors of this shooting responded to tragedy by making their voices heard. It was amazing to watch these teenage students use their unwanted fame to jump start a political movement. They have had an impact across the country, if not the world. They have challenged norms and brought a new focus to the debate about gun control.
Sadly, we have also seen these young people harassed, threatened, and demeaned. A few such incidents stand out. Internet trolls accused some of them of being "crisis actors." Some have dismissed them as the "Tide Pod" generation: somehow the weird internet fad of biting into laundry pods diminishes the legitimacy of the survivors' voices. Just recently, Senator Marco Rubio lamented the "arrogance" we handed down to this next generation (apparently daring to question the senator's allegiance to the NRA makes one arrogant).
It is not my intent to wade into the gun control debate, but rather to reflect on the importance of these young people who are making us all sit up and take notice.
I write historical fiction. My protagonist, his significant other, and much of the supporting cast of the Gideon Hawke Series, are teenagers. When, in A Glorious Cause, I introduced sixteen year old Gideon Hawke, and followed his adventures as he took up arms in rebellion, none of my readers protested that he was two young to fight for his freedom. I think that was partly because the story was believable, but more importantly because IT ACTUALLY HAPPENED.
When one reads accounts of the American Revolution, one is struck by the youth of many of the actors. Many of the foot soldiers were in their teens. While the Continental Army preferred the "men" toting muskets to be at least fifteen or sixteen, it accepted drummers as young as twelve or thirteen; some probably lied about their age to get in early. Many of the junior leaders were in their teens or early twenties. For example, Alexander Hamilton was only twenty in 1775 when he led New York volunteers in the capture of British guns at the Battery on Manhattan. Henry Knox was only twenty-six when he assumed command of Washington's artillery. The bottom line: the American Revolution was a young person's war. It was young people who were the enforcers of the Declaration of Independence: they are the ones who fought for "Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness."
It has been the same in all of our wars since. Fortunately by the Twentieth Century we got away from enlisting below the age of eighteen; in World War II the average age was twenty-six. In Vietnam it dropped again (there is debate as to whether the average age was nineteen or twenty-two). Nevertheless, fighting for freedom remained a young person's activity.
Now, in the Twenty-First Century, we shield our children from the horrors of war. For nearly seventeen years we have been sending nineteen and twenty-year-olds to Afghanistan and Iraq—I had the incredible privilege of leading a few of them—but we keep our children out of the combat zone.
Until the combat zone comes to their school. When that happened in Florida, our children took action.
It was young people who gave legitimacy to the Declaration of Independence: when the British tried to crush the fledgling United States of America, the young people made their voices heard through the barrels of their muskets. Today the fight is different. These young people are, like their forebears, fighting for Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. The tools are different, but the spirit is the same. Do not discount them.
In the Eighteenth Century they ground down the most powerful military in the world for eight years until they secured Independence. In the Twenty-First Century they have their sights set on a safer, more peaceful future. And they have only just begun to fight. Gideon Hawke would be proud of them.
Shifting Genres: My Protagonist is All Grown Up!
February 7, 2018 February 7, 2018 / Robert Krenzel	/ Leave a comment
Gideon Hawke turned eighteen!
I mentioned this fact in my fourth novel, A Constant Thunder, but only as a waypoint in his developing relationship with Ruth Munroe (who also turned eighteen). For Gideon, turning eighteen had little tangible effect on his life: he was still an officer in the Continental Army, locked in a protracted war against the most powerful empire on the planet. Turning eighteen was just a barely noticed mile marker on the rugged road of life.
For Gideon's author, however, his turning eighteen creates an emotional dilemma: changing genres! While I willfully ignored this milestone in the publishing process for A Constant Thunder (he was seventeen at the start of the novel), Gideon Hawke #5 is forcing me to look fact squarely in the eye: I am no longer a young adult author. You see, I always considered myself a YOUNG ADULT historical fiction author. Gideon was fifteen when we met him, after all. This worked out nicely because my kids were in the same age band: they were in the target audience. They, however, have grown older, as has Gideon. As my son fights his way through college scholarship applications, eighteen year-old Gideon shivers with his men at Valley Forge, and I struggle with the idea of being a "New Adult" historical fiction author.
I could take the easy way out: some people define young adult as involving protagonists twelve to TWENTY years of age. I could kick this can down the road, but unlike Gideon I know when the war will end, and how old he will be. I would only be delaying the inevitable. So, when I publish Gideon Hawke #5, I will select "NEW ADULT" (18-25) as the target audience.
Of course, it's all rubbish! I've seen estimates that about 55% of the readers of young adult novels are adults (I would argue there a far more middle-aged Harry Potter fans than teenaged harry Potter fans); I'm sure the same can be said of new adult novels. Let's be honest, very few of us have put a book down because "Whoops! This protagonist is not in my age group!" This brings us to the heart of the matter: people read books because they can relate, and because they are good reads. In a sense, I don't think it really matters what I select from some drop-down menu. I think people enjoy reading about Gideon and Ruth because they are relatable: they are like your two good friends whom you are hoping will get together; and when they do get together you really hope it will work out. Gideon is a bit naïve, and he is constantly learning and growing. Ruth is growing too; it's a good thing Gideon has her to keep him on the straight and narrow. No matter how old they get, as long as I do my job, there will be something compelling about their story. They will be two ordinary American kids growing up in the most extraordinary of times. Parts of their story will be intimately familiar to most of us, while some of their experiences will be both authentic and almost incomprehensible.
So, yes, maybe now Gideon and Ruth are "new adults." But they are still very, very human: we can all relate to that.
Research and Revision
January 31, 2018 January 31, 2018 / Robert Krenzel	/ Leave a comment
Every now and then I get thrown a curveball.
As I have been working on Gideon Hawke #5, I have known something was missing. Having outlined the story, I knew I had failed to grasp some compelling aspect of the Revolutionary War in first half of 1778.
Not that the material is not there! There is the almost mythical winter at Valley Forge, the "rebirth" of the Continental Army, the shockwaves caused by the French entry into the war (and the subsequent British strategic realignment), the British evacuation of Philadelphia, and the ensuing clash at Monmouth Courthouse (also steeped in myth and legend).
A consultation with a historian at the Valley Forge National Historical Park pointed me toward some sources I had not considered, and that tip proved crucial.
As I read Wayne Bodle's The Valley Forge Winter: Civilians and Soldiers in War I realized that I had gone somewhat astray…I had bought into too much of the myth, and was trying to reconstruct the mythical Valley Forge, rather than the actual Valley Forge. The research I had done thus far had seemed less than useful not because it was not accurate, but because it did not fit my preconceptions.
In the Gideon Hawke novels I have always portrayed the Continental Army as a resilient organization. It lacked the polish and uniformity of its foes, but it made the most of what it had. So it was at Valley Forge: the Continental Army endured an unpleasant winter, and it suffered at various times from shortages of food and supplies, but it was still a veteran force that made the most of what was at hand. Yes, Baron von Steuben lent a hand in training it, but would have trained without him. Had von Steuben, in his red coat, been clapped in irons upon arrival in America (as he almost was), I don't think it would have changed the outcome at Monmouth…the Continental Army would have stood and fought stubbornly. Perhaps von Steuben gave the Continentals a bit more confidence, but I think his real contribution came later in the form of the standardized policies and procedures that made amateurs into professionals.
With all of that said…the story of Gideon Hawke #5 is not about the suffering and rebirth of the Continental Army. The story of Gideon Hawke #5 is about a young officer's efforts to learn his trade, earn the respect of his people, and lead them through morally ambiguous situations. That is the formula that worked in Gideon Hawke Numbers 1-4, and I think it will work in Number 5.
Now…I have an outline to fix!
The Valley Forge Winter: Civilians and Soldiers in War on Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/606475.The_Valley_Forge_Winter
Moving Along!
Two weeks ago I wrote about the helping hand I received from the staff at the Valley Forge National Historical Park. One of the things about writing historical fiction that never ceases to amaze me is this: there are so many good people out there willing to help! For every naysayer I have met there are at least ten people willing to offer an insight or twenty. Some will even read passages to make sure I got the details right!
So it was with Valley Forge. I was hung up on what conditions were like a particular place and time. With a little guidance, I got back on track. I am pleased to report that since that last post a few more draft chapters are complete. Gideon Hawke has welcomed a new officer to his company, been berated by General Friedrich von Steuben, learned his lesson, and is beginning a new narrative arc. I am more excited about Gideon Hawke #5 than I have been for a while. In fact, the other night I was sitting in bed late at night typing a scene on my phone: I had to get that discussion between Gideon and Colonel Richard Butler out of my head and into electrons!
Perhaps that writing drought was my personal "Winter of 1778." In my writing, as in my story, winter is almost over; it's time to get busy!
Valley Forge National Historical Park: https://www.nps.gov/vafo/index.htm
January 10, 2018 January 10, 2018 / Robert Krenzel	/ 1 Comment
I got stuck recently.
As I worked on Gideon Hawke #5, I have tried to convey conditions at Valley Forge during the winter of 1778. My problem: the more I dig, the less I seem to know.
That bears some explanation. The popular mythology of Valley Forge is well-established: a ragged, beaten Continental Army staggers into Valley Forge after losing another campaign, and huddles together, waiting for deliverance. A few months later it rises from the ashes of its campfires, retrained and revitalized, ready to take on the British. But is that correct? Probably not.
The truth, as usual, is more complicated. Was the Continental Army poorly equipped and fed at Valley Forge? Certainly! But it was also a very capable, resilient force, which took matters into its own hands to make the best of things. The challenge for someone like me: where is the balance? How do I portray this force that is struggling, but making the most of it?
I decided to reach out to the experts: the good folks at the Valley Forge National Historical Park. I submitted a couple of queries via the Park website, and was almost immediately connected to two very knowledgeable park employees. One was even good enough to spend nearly an hour on the phone with me, sharing his insights. I came away with a better understanding, and a list of recommended references. As I tear into this new information, I find I still have additional questions…some of which will probably never be answered.
The next challenge I will face: finding the balance between "myth" and "reality." I could easily write a version of Valley Forge that would be unrecognizable to most readers. How much story do I sacrifice for historical accuracy? Can I even be sure about historical accuracy when the sources are often contradictory?
These questions are mine to sort out, and mine alone. As I do so, it is good to know there is a helping hand or two waiting to help me sort things out.
Appropriate Appropriation?
January 3, 2018 January 3, 2018 / Robert Krenzel	/ Leave a comment
Recently my wife and I had the opportunity, on a cold and windy day, to visit the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City to view the exhibit: Through the Eyes of Picasso. This collection featured originals and reproductions of Picasso's work, as well as cultural artifacts from around the globe, many from Picasso's own collection, which influenced his work.
I was struck by the ways in which Picasso often misunderstood these items. Taken out of context, for example, he interpreted fertility symbols as erotica. It would seem that Picasso understood these works through his own lens, adapting them to his needs. They inspired work that would be totally foreign to the original cultures; yet Picasso's works have come to be regarded as masterpieces of Western art.
That was all very interesting, but the moment that stayed with me occurred just as we were stepping out of the exhibit. A young lady, an employee of the museum, probably in her twenties, stopped me as I was leaving to comment on my scarf. You see, as it was cold and windy outside, I was carrying not only my coat, but also a shemagh (also known as a keffiyeh): a red and white Arab headscarf. The young lady commented on the beauty of my scarf; at a glance she observed that it looked as though it had been handmade in Iraq. I was a bit taken aback: my interpreter had bought it at the local market for me during my deployment to Kirkuk. For me it was a token of our friendship and a reminder of one of the noblest things I have done in my life, as well as a toasty warm scarf! The young lady continued to explain not only how she was able to identify its origins, but also how it differed from the ones produced in her homeland of Palestine.
It was fascinating to learn more about my shemagh, but even more rewarding to see how deeply this object affected the young lady: for her it was more than a warm scarf–it reminded her of home.
This got me thinking—was I, like Picasso, appropriating a cultural artifact about which I had little or no understanding? After much thought, I would have to say, "No." It is true that I was wearing an object with significance to another culture. The difference, I believe, is that this was NOT an artifact I scooped up from a dealer who had exploited a foreign culture for profit. This was a personal item I acquired at the source: I spent over two years of my life in Iraq, and developed an appreciation for Iraqi culture. I worked closely with my Iraqi counterparts, and trusted many of them with my life. At the end of that period I understood what T.E. Lawrence meant when he wrote about standing somewhere between two cultures: fully belonging to neither.
My shemagh has deep meaning to me; it may not remind of home, but it reminds of people and places that impacted my life and made me who I am. So, I will continue to proudly wear my shemagh. Yes, it belongs to another culture, but it is also a part of me.
Nelson-Atkins; Through the Eyes of Picasso: https://www.nelson-atkins.org/events/through-eyes-picasso/


text:
import { expect } from 'chai';

import { getCredentials, request, credentials } from '../../data/api-data.js';
import { apps } from '../../data/apps/apps-data.js';
import { cleanupApps, installTestApp } from '../../data/apps/helper.js';
import { getMessageById } from '../../data/chat.helper.js';
import { createRoom } from '../../data/rooms.helper';
import { adminUsername, password } from '../../data/user.js';
import { createUser, login } from '../../data/users.helper.js';

describe('Apps - Send Messages As User', function() {
	this.retries(0);
	let app;

	before((done) => getCredentials(done));
	before(async () => {
		await cleanupApps();
		app = await installTestApp();
	});

	describe('[Send Message as user]', () => {
		it('should return an error when the room is not found', (done) => {
			request.post(apps(`/public/${ app.id }/send-message-as-user`))
				.send({
					roomId: 'invalid-room',
				})
				.set(credentials)
				.expect(404)
				.expect((err, res) => {
					expect(err).to.have.a.property('error');
					expect(res).to.be.equal(undefined);
					expect(err.error).to.have.a.property('text');
					expect(err.error.text).to.be.equal('Room "invalid-room" could not be found');
				})
				.end(done);
		});
		it('should return an error when the user is not found', (done) => {
			request.post(apps(`/public/${ app.id }/send-message-as-user?userId=invalid-user`))
				.send({
					roomId: 'GENERAL',
				})
				.set(credentials)
				.expect(404)
				.expect((err, res) => {
					expect(err).to.have.a.property('error');
					expect(res).to.be.equal(undefined);
					expect(err.error).to.have.a.property('text');
					expect(err.error.text).to.be.equal('User with id "invalid-user" could not be found');
				})
				.end(done);
		});
		describe('Send to a Public Channel', () => {
			let publicMessageId;
			it('should send a message as app user', (done) => {
				request.post(apps(`/public/${ app.id }/send-message-as-user?userId=${ adminUsername }`))
					.set(credentials)
					.send({
						roomId: 'GENERAL',
					})
					.expect(200)
					.expect((res) => {
						const response = JSON.parse(res.text);
						expect(response).to.have.a.property('messageId');
						publicMessageId = response.messageId;
					})
					.end(done);
			});
			it('should be a valid message', async () => {
				const message = await getMessageById({ msgId: publicMessageId });
				expect(message.msg).to.be.equal('Executing send-message-as-user test endpoint');
			});
		});
		describe('Send to a Private Channel', () => {
			let privateMessageId;
			it('should send a message as app user', (done) => {
				createRoom({
					type: 'p',
					name: `apps-e2etest-room-${ Date.now() }`,
				})
					.end((err, createdRoom) => {
						createUser()
							.then((createdUser) => {
								const user = createdUser;
								login(user.username, password).then((credentials) => {
									const userCredentials = credentials;
									request.post(apps(`/public/${ app.id }/send-message-as-user?userId=${ user._id }`))
										.set(userCredentials)
										.send({
											roomId: createdRoom.body.group._id,
										})
										.expect(500)
										.end(done);
								});
							});
					});
			});
			it('should send a message as app user', (done) => {
				createRoom({
					type: 'p',
					name: `apps-e2etest-room-${ Date.now() }`,
				})
					.end((err, createdRoom) => {
						request.post(apps(`/public/${ app.id }/send-message-as-user?userId=${ adminUsername }`))
							.set(credentials)
							.send({
								roomId: createdRoom.body.group._id,
							})
							.expect(200)
							.expect((res) => {
								const response = JSON.parse(res.text);
								expect(response).to.have.a.property('messageId');
								privateMessageId = response.messageId;
							})
							.end(done);
					});
			});
			it('should be a valid message', async () => {
				const message = await getMessageById({ msgId: privateMessageId });
				expect(message.msg).to.be.equal('Executing send-message-as-user test endpoint');
			});
		});
		describe('Send to a DM Channel', () => {
			let DMMessageId;
			it('should send a message as app user', (done) => {
				createRoom({
					type: 'd',
					username: 'rocket.cat',
				})
					.end((err, createdRoom) => {
						request.post(apps(`/public/${ app.id }/send-message-as-user?userId=${ adminUsername }`))
							.set(credentials)
							.send({
								roomId: createdRoom.body.room._id,
							})
							.expect(200)
							.expect((res) => {
								const response = JSON.parse(res.text);
								expect(response).to.have.a.property('messageId');
								DMMessageId = response.messageId;
							})
							.end(done);
					});
			});
			it('should be a valid message', async () => {
				const message = await getMessageById({ msgId: DMMessageId });
				expect(message.msg).to.be.equal('Executing send-message-as-user test endpoint');
			});
		});
	});
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Lucille Bordes Digby
Lucille Bordes Digby passed away peacefully on Thursday, October 20, 2016 at the age of 98. She was born in New Orleans and resided in Jefferson and Metairie, LA. Loving mother of Joanne Marcotte (Gus), Dianne Clark (Barry), George J. Digby, Jr. (Cathy) and Eileen Braud (Lawrence). Grandmother 'Granny' of Keith Marcotte (Keitha), Craig Marcotte, Paige Marcotte Motter, Brett Marcotte, Sheri Fazzio O'Connor (Michael), Myles Digby (Elke), Kyle Digby (Leslie), Shaun Braud (Sydney) and Sarah Braud Daigle (Damien). Great grandmother of Benton Marcotte, Ellie Marcotte, Charles Marcotte, James Marcotte, Courtney Motter, Christian Motter, Olivia Motter, Lucy Digby, Sam Digby, Millie Digby, Hall Michael Braud, Cooper Braud, Jenna Braud, Grace Titus, Ava Titus, Brooks Titus and Elliott Titus. Lucille is also survived by many nieces and nephews. She was preceded in death by her parents, Paul Joseph Bordes and Leonie Rufin Bordes; sisters, Mathilde Bordes, Aline Bordes Gillen (Pat) and Leontine Bordes Russo (Joseph); and brothers, John Bordes (Helen) and Edward Bordes. Lucille retired from Avondale Shipyards in 1981 as a secretary after 28 years of service. Lucille was a beautiful person inside in out. All who knew her were truly blessed. Thank God we had her for 98 years. The family would like to thank the staff of Fidelis Scofield, Fidelis Tartan and Passages Hospice for their love and care. Relatives and friends are invited to attend a celebration of her life at St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church, 1802 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA on Thursday, October 27, 2016 in a Mass of Christian Burial at 10:30 a.m. with visitation at the church beginning at 9:00 a.m. Interment to follow in Greenwood Cemetery. In lieu of flowers, masses or donations to the charity of your choice, preferred. Arrangements by L. A. Muhleisen & Son Funeral Home.
Lucille Bordes Digby passed away peacefully on Thursday, October 20, 2016 at the age of 98. She was born in New Orleans and resided in Jefferson and Metairie, LA. Loving mother of Joanne Marcotte (Gus), Dianne Clark (Barry), George J. Digby,... View Obituary & Service Information
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