An update to my previous post on Driverless cars, check that one here. Another factor that has just come to mind on the subject of driverless cars are "insurances".
The consensus is that driverless cars will massively reduce the number of road accidents as the majority are caused by driver error. Remove the driver = remove the error. Sure there maybe accidents caused by mechanical issues and there is the possibility of some caused by software issues but we will have to wait and see. The latest knock-on effect is that insurances will need to adjust to the new landscape. In all likelihood they will reduce as the possibility of an accident is reduced, or alternatively do the premiums increase as less people take up the insurances and the companies try to recoup their losses. Time will tell.
Elon recently posted an update on his Tesla blog about his original plans and future plans, riveting stuff.
4. Provide solar power. No kidding, this has literally been on our website for 10 years. (looks promising).
5. Create stunning solar roofs with seamlessly integrated battery storage.
6. Expand the electric vehicle product line to address all major segments.
7. Develop a self-driving capability that is 10X safer than manual via massive fleet learning.
8. Enable your car to make money for you when you aren't using it.
I will post more about solar roofs here as soon as we know more about Elon Musk's acquisition of Solar City. I think he is a game changer and I'm pretty excited.


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The newly opened Tumu Toka Curioscape in Curio Bay is an essential stop for all visitors to the south.
Situated at the southern entrance to the Catlins, Curio Bay (Tumu Toka) is home to a 180 million year old petrified forest and rare, endangered wildlife. Visitors can view Yellow-Eyed Penguins (Hoiho) returning to their nests, experience the unique geological formations of the petrified forest, take a short bush walk through living forest, and view New Zealand Sea Lions (Whakahao) and Hector's Dolphins (Upokohue) in their natural environment. Few places offer such scenic, wildlife and recreational values in one small area.
Tumu Toka Curioscape is a world-class interpretive centre intended to educate and share the special stories of Curio Bay; its wildlife, its people, and its history. Curioscape's Gateway Experience presents interactive touch screens, allowing you to tailor your own individual experience - plus an immersive theatre that is a must-see. A mobile guide will also be available to visitors, allowing them to interpret the physical environment as they navigate it.
Curioscape is the amazing culmination of the local community's vision to show off this special place to the world, while at the same time protecting and preserving it for future generations. The centre also houses an excellent café and a gift store showings local wares, and provides accommodation for visitors at a scenic campground.
Slope Point is the southernmost point on the South Island of New Zealand and offers spectacular views of the surrounding ocean and coastline.
An excellent picnic spot, this lovely clearing at the edge of the Waikawa Forest has an easy access short walk and a longer walk to two waterfalls.
Named by a surveyor with an obvious sense of humour, these ironic falls share little in resemblance with their gigantic cousin.


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The Poison-Detecting Secret Weapon of the Middle Ages: Unicorn Horn
BY Emma Jacobs
A woodcut of a unicorn from 1551
Wellcome Collection // CC BY 4.0 (cropped)
In the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, Europeans knew that unicorns were real. After all, their horns were the treasured possessions of royalty, nobility, and even clergy. Charles VI of France had one, as did Lorenzo de Medici, and Danish rulers sat on a throne carved out of them. Queen Elizabeth I had a fully intact horn she used as a scepter; it was valued at 10,000 pounds—roughly the cost of a castle in her day. In fact, unicorn horns were considered so valuable the Elizabethan dramatist John Dekker wrote that one was "worth a city."
But unicorns horns weren't prized just for their beauty or rarity, or as tokens of extreme wealth. They were believed to be powerful defense against disease—and poison.
Fierce But Pure
Chastity, oil painting by a follower of Timoteo Viti
Wellcome Images // CC BY 4.0
For an animal that never existed, the unicorn got around. The ancient myths of India and China mention unicorn-like animals, as did the tales Greek travelers brought back from India and other far-flung lands. The earliest Greek description is from the historian Ctesias, who wrote around 400 BCE of a large, agile animal with a white body, dark red head, and a long horn on its forehead. About a hundred years later, scholars translating the Old Testament interpreted a horned animal known in Hebrew as re'em as a unicorn (though modern translators prefer the term auroch, an extinct species of cattle). Writing in the first century CE, Pliny the Elder described the unicorn is "the fiercest animal, and it is said that it is impossible to capture one alive. It has the body of a horse, the head of a stag, the feet of an elephant, the tail of a boar, and a single black horn three feet long in the middle of its forehead."
From the beginning, accounts of the unicorn emphasized their healing and purifying properties. Ctesias wrote, "Those who drink out of these horns, made into drinking vessels, are not subject, they say, to convulsions or to the holy disease [epilepsy]. Indeed, they are immune even to poisons if, either before or after swallowing such, they drink wine, water, or anything else from these beakers." Similar accounts appeared for centuries: Around the 3rd century CE, the Greek intellectual Philostratus wrote that "the Indians make drinking-cups from this horn, which have such virtue that the man who drinks from one will for one whole day neither fall ill, nor feel pain if wounded, nor be burned by passing through fire, nor even be affected by poisons which he could not swallow at any other time without harm."
By the 12th century, a German nun known for her saintly visions, Hildegard of Bingen, recommended a paste of powdered unicorn liver and egg yolk as a cure for leprosy, although she conveniently noted that it could fail if the "leper in question happens to be one whom death is determined to have or else one whom God does not wish to be cured." Unicorn hide was also recommended in boots and belts, partly as prevention for that greatest scourge of the Middle Ages: plague.
Belief in the healing powers of the unicorn focused especially on its mysterious, twisting horn. The substance, often called alicorn, was associated with great purity as well as healing, sometimes with religious overtones (the purity of the white animal was thought to be connected to Jesus Christ, and the horn to his cross). Hunters in search of a unicorn were supposed to lure the animal with a female virgin, capturing the animal once it fell asleep in her lap.
A Common Deception
A narwhal tusk
Of course, no such hunters were ever successful. Objects portrayed as being made from unicorn sometimes came from rhinoceroses or mammoth fossils but most often in Europe from narwhals, which were hunted by the Vikings in the North Atlantic. The Vikings harvested the narwhals' spiraling tusks and sold them on to traders who either didn't know, or didn't care, about their true origins in the sea.
Once obtained, alicorn could be taken in many forms. Powdered, it was applied to dog bites and other wounds or consumed as treatment for plague, gout, and other diseases. The influential German physician Johann Schröder recommended it for childhood epilepsy. And although other physicians numbered among the earliest skeptics, apothecaries used unicorns widely in their potions. Eau de licorn—water purified by the introduction of unicorn's horn or by being poured through a hollowed-out segment of horn—was also widely sold and reputed to have health benefits.
While the extraordinary cost of the intact horns made them showpieces for the rich, powdered unicorn horn was an affordable remedy for the average citizen. This was largely because other substances could be easily substituted: horse hoofs, fossils, and other types of horn. In fact, the widespread problem of fraud led to frequent tests of the authenticity of the horn itself, including presenting it to spiders and scorpions and observing to see if they avoided it or died. If they did, the item was thought to be genuine horn.
Poison-Proof
A page from a 17th-century French medical text discussing unicorns
Poisoning was particularly feared during the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance by the back-stabbing royalty and nobility keen to maintain their positions, not to mention their lives. Such an insidious crime required extraordinary measures: While European royalty kept other poison-detectors, including rubies, bezoar stones, and griffin claws, unicorn horn was a favored material for protection as well.
Whole unicorn horns were deployed on dining tables as poison detectors, while fragments of horn, called touches by the French, could be touched or dipped to plates of food to detect the presence of toxins. They could also be hung on chains or mounts of precious metal (actually less valuable materials, pound for pound, than the horn itself). French royalty had utensils made with alicorn, while other members of the European nobility had the horn inset into jewelry. The horn was expected to provide an alert to the presence of poison by changing color, sweating beads of moisture, or actually steaming. Alicorn might also be dipped into water or run over the actual linens and wall hangings in a banquet hall. Goblets fashioned from unicorn horn were also made across the continent; some believed these would shatter upon contact with a contaminated beverage.
While some medical writers, such as the famed French surgeon Ambroise Paré, were skeptical of the powers of the unicorn horn, many others believed in its merits. The Italian scholar and naturalist Andrea Bacci wrote a defense of the horn's use in 1573, telling the story of a man who consumed a poisoned cherry but was saved thanks to unicorn horn dissolved in wine. He also described an experiment in which two pigeons were fed arsenic, but the one who was given some scrapings of unicorn horn recovered and lived. The other died two hours after being fed the toxin [PDF].
But by the 17th century, the myth of the unicorn had begun to tarnish. European travelers to the Arctic brought back tales of the living narwhal, and further missions to other continents disproved the existence of unicorns by process of elimination, since no such animal was ever sighted. In July 1661, the men of the newly formed Royal Society put unicorn horn to the test: They placed a spider in a circle of powdered unicorn's horn to see what would happen. From from being repelled by the horn, as writers had long claimed, the spider immediately scurried across the powder to escape. The men repeated the experiment several times, each with the same results. Their trial helped sound the death knell for credulous belief in the magical properties of unicorn horn.
The loss of value resulted in the disappearance or destruction of many precious specimens. Items once said to be made from unicorn horn are still in some museum collections, and very occasionally turn up for sale—still bearing their historical value, though no longer imbued with the mysterious properties that once made them worth a city or a castle.
Animals History myths poison

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AL - Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail Montgomery Alabama RTJ Trail 5 night 4 round golf package
Back to Recommended Golf Packages
This is a recommended package - you are welcome to book this "as is" or customize to your liking.
Prices vary based on season, day of week, event weekends, and occupancy.
Residence Inn Montgomery
Cambrian Ridge
Capitol Hill - Senator Course
Capitol Hill - Legislator Course
Capitol Hill - Judge Course
With 11 locations and over 465 holes to play, the Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail in Alabama is THE destintation for golfaholics. You can't beat the quality or value. Here is a suggested mid-Alabama golf package staying in Montgomery. You'll stay at the Residence Inn by Marriott and be a short drive to dozens of dining options and shopping.
**note currency** FROM: $899.00USD (low season) to $1089.00USD (high season) - double occupancy
Package Highlights:
5 nights accommodation: standard room
4 rounds of golf per person: Capitol Hill (54 holes), Cambrian Ridge
pre-booked tee times, shared cart
all hotel and golf course taxes
(does not include airfare, meals, local transportation)
Please note that these are "From" prices and exact pricing may vary based on your actual travel dates / room type available / occupancy. If you have something specific in mind that is not exactly as shown we will customize a package to suit your needs. Off season and Peak Season varies from region to region and with our golf course and hotel partners. Pricing provided is a general guide to assist you in planning your next golf vacation.
We will always quote you a firm price prior to booking and deposits paid. Follow the link displayed for a golf package quote/submission and complete the form details with your specific dates and additional details that will help us with your request.
Space is subject to availability and certain dates and times may not apply due to black out dates. Feel free to call us using our toll free number located at the top of this page. Prices expressed on these pages are "per person" and based on double occupancy unless noted otherwise.
BCgolfguide.com Inc. is a registered travel agent in the province of BC, and members of the IATA, ACTA, CPA of BC and IAGTO.
Follow the link displayed for a golf package quote/submission and complete the form details with your specific dates and additional details that will help us with your request.
Revel in comfort and convenience at Residence Inn Montgomery. Located right off of I-85, this hotel is surrounded by the city's top destinations and just a short drive from Maxwell AFB, Hyundai Motor Manufacturing and the Alabama State Capitol building and great golf. Whether pursuing business or leisure, you'll find Residence Inn the perfect place for enjoying both short and extended stays in Montgomery. Fuel up each morning at their complimentary breakfast buffet with a variety of comforting classics, and enjoy evening socials with free beer and wine on select nights. Keep up with your workout routine in the 24-hour fitness center, take a refreshing dip in the outdoor pool or shoot some hoops on their signature Sport Court. After a busy day, wind down in spacious suites while enjoying separate spaces for living, working, dining and dreaming. Each suite features a fully equipped kitchen, complimentary Wi-Fi, ergonomic workspace and luxurious bedding.
Known by avid golfers as one of the most beautiful and most challenging stops on the Trail, Cambrian Ridge in Greenville lies just 40 miles from Montgomery. It is well worth the ride for any golfer looking for 36 holes of jaw-dropping golf. The Sherling/Canyon combination was named by Golf Digest as the 3rd best new public course in America when it opened and 13th in their list of America's Top 50 Affordable Courses. This combination was also named by Golf Digest's "Places to Play" as one of the nation's 40 Super Value courses. The Canyon nine, carved from former hunting grounds where deer blinds remain nailed to the hardwood, is a thrilling stretch of target-style golf. The Loblolly nine, with its gently rolling fairways, massive bunkers, cathedral-like pines and water-fronted greens, exudes a stately, Augusta-like quality. The Sherling nine starts at the highest point in Butler county and drops to play along Sherling Lake before culminating with a dramatic climb on the final hole.
One of the most popular sites on the Trail, Capitol Hill, in Prattville, continues to get praises from golfers and golf writers alike. Golf Magazine called the Judge course one of the 10 public courses in America worthy of hosting the U.S. Open and the Zagat Survey of America's Top Golf Courses ranked it among the top 50 courses in America. The Senator course was named among the Top 10 New Courses in the nation by Golf Magazine and is the host course for the Yokohama Tire LPGA Classic. Located in Prattville, approximately 13 miles north of Alabama's state capital, Capitol Hill features three 18-hole championship courses. With more than 1,500 acres of golf and nature, the pure magnitude of this facility is amazing and allows each course to be drastically different from the others.
The Senator, a Scottish-Links style course with beautifully manicured Champion greens, holds over 160 pot-hole bunkers and mounds 20 to 40 feet in height to create a secluded setting for each hole.
One of the most popular sites on the Trail, Capitol Hill, in Prattville, continues to get praises from golfers and golf writers alike. Golf Magazine called the Judge course one of the 10 public courses in America worthy of hosting the U.S. Open and the Zagat Survey of America's Top Golf Courses ranked it among the top 50 courses in America. The Senator course was named among the Top 10 New Courses in the nation by Golf Magazine and is the host course for the Yokohama Tire LPGA Classic. Located in Prattville, approximately 13 miles north of Alabama's state capital, Capitol Hill features three 18-hole championship courses. With more than 1,500 acres of golf and nature, the pure magnitude of this facility is amazing and allows each course to be drastically different from the others. The Legislator, a more traditional course, plays in and out of pine trees and along a bluff. The view riding down the "Sky Bridge" for holes laid out in a native cypress swamp is sure to impress.
The Judge offers stunning vistas alongside the glistening backwaters of the Alabama River. With 14 holes adjoining the water and a stunning bulkhead island green, the Judge is described as simply magnificent.
Destination: Cambrian RidgeCapitol Hill - Senator CourseCapitol Hill - Legislator CourseCapitol Hill - Judge CourseResidence Inn Montgomery
Finalize Your Package Details


text:
Pocas son las cartas y escritos de George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) que han llegado a nuestros días, muchas menos que las de otros compositores importantes. Handel escribió relativamente pocas cartas y no guardó ningún diario. Sin embargo, esas cartas que permanecen proporcionan información sobre los diversos aspectos de la vida de Handel. Una de las razones del pequeño número de cartas sobrevivientes es que Handel no ocupó ningún cargo que requiriera la recopilación y el almacenamiento de registros y escritos.

Todas sus cartas y escritos son de un estilo muy educado. El final habitual (de muchas cartas) era: "Señor, su más obligado y humilde servidor, GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL".

La carta del 30 de septiembre de 1749 se reproduce en el documento pdf citado en su entrada más abajo.

Cartas y escritos
La siguiente tabla contiene una relación resumida de las cartas y escritos conocidos de Handel. Hay que tener en cuenta que en los resúmenes de estas cartas y escritos a veces se trata de mostrar más o menos como se expresaría Handel (se aprecia bien en la versión en inglés de este artículo).

Referencias

Véase también
 Händel-Werke-Verzeichnis (HWV)
 Estancia de Georg Friedrich Händel en Cannons
 Testamento de Georg Friedrich Händel

Georg Friedrich Händel

en:Letters and writings of George Frideric Handel#top
it:Lettere e scritti di Georg Friedrich Händel#top

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Dawn and Donna are among my favorite people in the world. They are genuine, kind and lovely. I can't say enough great things about them. I have had the honor to document milestones in their lives, and this photo session was to celebrate Avery, the newest addition to their family. We met early in the day in a park in Richmond, VA, to get the best light, avoid the crowds and try to beat the heat. We got 2 out of 3 right! It got hot fast, but this family of 4 did so good as we kept them as much as possible in the shade. Avery was not as smiley as usual, possibly because of the heat. But I still got different expressions from him, and his special bond with his big sister London was captured. My favorite photos are when the moms are cuddling with their children.


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Article Galaxy Blog
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Topics: document delivery reference management scientific literature scientist reference manager research articles literature search
Mastering the Art of Modern Reference Mana...
Collecting, organizing, and citing references from peer-reviewed journal articles is an essential component of scientific research and publishing. But for many researchers, managing references is a...
Peer Review: The Good, the Bad, and the Ug...
As noted in my previous post, scholarly peer review has two main objectives: to help journal editors decide whether a manuscript is fit for publication and to help authors improve their manuscripts.
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In bioinformatics and biochemistry—where collecting and analyzing complex biological data is a central focus—long character strings are often encoded in a format called FASTA.
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Hello from Norway. I'm glad to came click here. My first name is Thomas.
I live in a city called Askim in east Norway.
I was also born in Askim 25 years ago. Married in July year 2012. I'm working at the college.
This page was last modified on 23 January 2019, at 17:27.


Have you ever seen one of those short "insta-tutorials" using the needle rolling thingy and cringe?! I mean, needles... On ma' face?!
Well, I did. And it was because I wasn't looking past the needles. I didn't know what the fuss was about, the benefits it actually has on your skin. I just thought it was a new trend people were using to plump their lips. But it's more than that.
The Derma Roller System has 200 extremely fine medical-grade needles which create microchannels in your skin and trigger the body's natural healing process to create new, healthier tissue to replace the skin imperfections. It treats common skin problems such as wrinkles, skin hyperpigmentation, scars (including acne scars), uneven skin, stretch marks, hair loss or it can simply be used to create smoother skin. It's also perfect because your skin can absorb the vitamins and minerals of the face mask and/or serum you use afterward.
There are different needle sizes to target different areas. For example, you can't use the 0.5 to treat cellulite or fine lines and vice versa. Also, it's really easy to use.
Depending on the targeted areas and on a clean face roll it 4 times vertically, horizontally and diagonally. Before and After you are done make sure to clean it, disinfect it and put it back on it's carrying case for safe keeping.
When you purchase the Derma Roller System they also add a face mask and collagen moisturizing cream which I am LOVING.
At first, I honestly thought it was going to hurt or that I was going to feel the needles poking on my face. Nope!! I mean, yes you feel something but not strong enough to make you cry. I guess it depends on the person. I just washed my face with my cleanser, pat dry and then use it. I didn't experience any swelling or bleeding. After I was done I apply the face mask for a couple of minutes, some moisturizer and done!! It is recommended to use it once a week or depending on the area you are treating. I personally think this is a product that requires consistency for you to see results. Again, it depends on the person, skin and targeted area.
I did a short demo for you guys. You can watch it HERE or on the video below. For more information on the Roller System, you click HERE and until next time. God bless!


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WORLD Channel Press Releases
Black History Month on WORLD Channel: Documentaries on New Orleans Culture, Black Fatherhood and the History of Hip Hop
America ReFramed Announces Addition of Iyabo Kwayana's BY WATER, an Official Selection of the Animation Short Film Program at the 2023 Sundance Film Festival
WORLD Channel Wins IDA Documentary Award for Fannie Lou Hamer's America: An America ReFramed Special
BURNING QUESTIONS: COVERING CLIMATE NOW co-hosted by NBC News' Al Roker and Savannah Sellers premieres on public television's WORLD Channel October 25 at 8pm ET/5pm PT
America ReFramed Acquires Four New Films Highlighting Activists and Artists Around the U.S.
WORLD Channel Films Highlight Global Latinx Experiences for Hispanic Heritage Month
WORLD Channel Honored with 2022 News And Documentary Emmy Award Nomination
America ReFramed Wins 17 Telly Awards
WORLD Channel Honors Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month with Documentaries and Special Events
REVOLUTION FROM AFAR Closes Out Season 14 of AfroPoP


How uncanny it is that I, now a scholar in Egypt nearing middle age, clearly remember myself as a young brown-haired child surrounded by pets and relatives now deceased, in an Iowa town I rarely visit, in a house reduced to ashes years ago. How much more disturbing to think that someday, this child-adult body will be placed in a grave or a crypt, consumed in a furnace, or devoured by fish or wild animals as a handful of survivors weep over my fate and sift through the remnants of what I did and did not mean to them. Indeed, the melancholic wonders of space and time might spark an entire philosophy. They are are the clearest, most basic prod to philosophical reflection that we have.
--Graham Harman, "Space, Time, and Essence: An Object-Oriented Approach"
As someone who works in the field of medieval literature, I supposedly think about the dead all of the time, and about history, which is a kind of dead letter office, a labyrinth of catacombs, a funerary empire. And I suppose, to a great extent, much of my work has been preoccupied with trying to think through some sort of ethical relation to the dead--to their singular persons, and how, cadging from the political philosopher George Kateb, they have touched reality and become real, and how their understanding of the world is indispensable to the world's completeness, while at the same time, no full reckoning of this state of affairs is ever really possible: there is always something in excess of the remains we possess, including everything, maybe, that the dead meant to say, but didn't (because they forgot or weren't allowed to, because the time was never right and the means insufficient to their desire to speak, because their ends were more sudden and more violent than they anticipated and the afterworld doesn't allow outgoing calls, because they're liars--even to themselves, and so on). Our writings on the dead form what Michel de Certeau called a heterology--a writing on, or "science" of, the Other that "fashions out of language the forever-remnant trace of a beginning that is as impossible to recover as to forget" (see my more elaborated thinking on these ideas in published writings HERE and HERE).
For all of our talk here and in other places, and also within some of our favorite books within the field of medieval studies, can the past ever really be touched, or is it only touched upon, which is to say, lightly pressed (in its more abstract conceptual forms) under the questions of particular present moments (posed to whatever remains: books, bones, musical scores, graffiti, stones, bricks and mortar, metal clasps, fossils, what have you), but never really encountered, never really felt, or seen? I mean--maybe the past is truly, really gone, and by "past" here, I mean the totality of everything felt, thought, and experienced by whatever (human or otherwise) was there to experience it as it happened. And what remains are mainly inert pieces of things (textual, metal, stony, glass, and otherwise) that, although sometimes able to be pieced together and even "voiced" to form certain "wholes" (think: dinosaur bones or the various manuscripts forming a particular "tree" of the genealogy of a narrative or the buried foundations and pot shards of an ancient city or one of Hildegard of Bingen's hymns sung by a modern voice: when re-activated, as it were, the past feels presently emergent)--nevertheless, these don't really give us anything except a bigger pile of retrieved, if even reconstructed, rubble, similar to the sky-high mountain of wreckage faced by Walter Benjamin's angel of history who would like to awaken the dead and piece together what has been smashed, yet the storm of Progress hurls him into a future he can never see because his back is turned.
Because of this, even though I have often espoused here on this blog and elsewhere the hope that a presentist-minded medieval studies could go a long way toward playing an interventionist role in what we call "current affairs" (such as the war on terrorism, anti-immigration policies, matters of sovereignty and biopolitics, religious fundamentalisms, the marriage debate, gender/sexuality politics, other issues of social justice, debates over various processes of so-called secularizations and post-secularizations, the post/human, and the like), the fact of the matter is, most days I naturally recognize that everything has already happened (even in the present) before we can catch up to it (the damages, in other words, are always already done when we arrive and we are the accountants of these damages--to "historicize" means to draw the chalk outlines and perform the autopsies and maybe wring one's hands a little in the general direction of a present, ongoing "event"). Going back to Benjamin, if the practice of history, at least, and thankfully, is no longer only a "tool of the ruling classes," nor does it any longer only record the spoils of victors (and barbarous victors at that), leaving aside and covering over the "anonymous toils" of everyone else--nevertheless, these victors manage to march on ahead of us and history dwells, always, in the more mystical realm of the "wayward and flickering existence" of the "vast hosts of the dead." The question then might be whether the job was to put these souls to rest or to let them wander, letting them trouble everything.
*A better phrase than "Polish death camps" would be "Nazi death camps in occupied Poland." The above paragraphs are cited from my PhD dissertation, published in Nov. 2001.
I wonder if we can ever really get beyond "testimony," though, or should want to. More and more, as I get older, I see what inveterate illusionists we all are, sometimes for the good, sometimes not. I've been thinking about this a lot these past two weeks since the second of my two Irish aunts, Maureen, died two weeks ago, in the same month and at the same age that my older aunt Joan died two years ago. In short, they were my favorite relatives, and as my parents traveled extensively (and alone together), when I was growing up, Joan and Maureen's two households (just outside Dublin), with an extended family comprising grandparents, aunts and uncles, cousins, beloved Jack Russell terriers, and the elderly boarders in Joan's guest-house, became my second (and I think my favorite) family. The 1960s and 1970s were a magical zone in Ireland at that time, in the sense that my aunts shoved my brother, sister, cousins, and I out the door in the early morning and told us to re-appear at just three times: 1:00 for dinner, 6:00 for tea (dinner leftovers), and 10:00 for bedtime. Other than that, we were free to explore the coastline, the mountains, and the parks, which we did, with unsupervised exuberance and the occasional forays into juvenile delinquency (riding the double-decker buses without paying was one of our specialties as was sneaking through others' backyards and stealing apples from private orchards). We were completely safe and unfettered, and frankly, free. Mealtimes were pure entertainment as my older relatives argued politics vehemently and told old stories on each other and neighbors and laughed non-stop at personal foibles and embarrassments from the past. Unlike my mother, Joan and Maureen were superb cooks, and Joan even had two extra freezers, one of which was just for storing all of the extra scones and cakes and ice cream. My grandparents were kind and solicitous and doled out candy regularly and we were allowed to stay up late and watch Hitchcock films with the boarders in the guest lounge. Joan's husband, my uncle Bob, who died in his early 40s from a rare blood disease, took my sister and I for long walks on the pier and bought us ice creams. I could go on and on, but I think personal histories such as this are mainly interesting to those of us who lived them, or think we did. Suffice to say, I have only happy memories about my times spent in Ireland, and I think my mother's family is largely responsible for my general optimism about everything. There are no painful memories for me of the times I spent with my mother's family, and I can't imagine a better childhood than the one I had, both in Ireland and in the States. My parents never raised their voices, they let us do whatever we wanted, they encouraged our every wish, and they seemed, to me as I was growing up, so glamorous and so cosmopolitan. I idolized my parents, and to a certain extent, I still do.
But memory is tricky, too. As you get older, your parents and other relatives reveal things to you that you weren't supposed to know, and didn't, when you were younger--sometimes very painful things. My own personal childhood memories don't completely line up with the way my older relatives remember things from that time. And bad things do happen to all of us, but you tend to either forget them completely or never forget them in ways that are self-destructive (or something in between). I won't mention anything specific here so as not to malign those dead and still alive, but nothing is really ever what we think it is--I sometimes wonder if our memories simply serve the hard-wired outlook we were born with. We have certain predispositions and everything we "see" or "remember" simply falls in line with those predispositions. I suppose that one important aspect of a responsible historiography would be in illuminating the structures of our illusive predispositions (whether we are "nations": ideology/founding myths, "groups": social beliefs/mentalities/prejudices, or "persons": psychology). I suppose this is what we call, post-Benjamin and his blown-backward angel, postmodern historiography. But I don't see how even postmodern historiographical methods (whatever they might be) could ever get "outside" of testimony, or to be more blunt, outside of human witnessing, whether supposedly lucid, illusive, mediated, or something more triangulated. Even "logic" or "reason" is still human logic and human reason and participates in the belief (I think likely, false) that one can "see" anything clearly, at all, ever, outside of one's own hyper-fictionalized modes of thought (and coping mechanisms). We can't live outside of illusion. We can't see ourselves, much less anything else, that clearly. And I also think a good life is one partly predicated on reminding oneself constantly of this fact and never clinging too tightly to the idea that you remember how anything happened at all. Otherwise, nothing unexpected can ever happen, which is to say, life cannot "happen."
How would I write the history of my aunt Maureen, who unlike the parents she tended in her home until they died there, spent eight years after her stroke in a lonely hospital bed with her language skills mangled beyond repair, her mobility non-existent, and her visitors: few to none, and not often? Although I have been in Dublin several times over the past few years, I never once visited her there. Why? Did I mean to neglect her--this woman who, every time I arrived in Don Laoghaire as a child announced to me that in honor of my visit she had made me, not one, but two apple pies, with the apples sliced as thin as paper, just the way I liked? And who had been saving up Crunchie candy bars in the cupboard, just for me? And who could never finish a story because she would always make herself laugh so much in anticipation of the punch-line that she just never arrived at it? Was I afraid to see her like that in a hospital, and so I purposefully avoided making the visit? I'm afraid it likely wasn't even that conscious of a decision, and that, both unwittingly and with some dim awareness of my lapse as a niece, or as a decent human being, I let eight whole years go by and never once visited, and now she's dead, and her weight upon this earth, like our own, in Joyce's words, "is dissolving and dwindling." How do you tell the history of those eight years, in that room, and why might it matter? How do you tell the history, or make a catalog, of everything we neglect and forget to do, and of the ways in which those who seem so important to us in the past (grandparents and aunts and uncles, but also ex-partners, old friends, etc.) fade away and become blank to us as time goes by? Tombstones, especially the expensive ones, seem reassuring because they supposedly last so long and outstrip human memory, which honestly, I really believe is pretty short, and maybe for good reasons. Otherwise, our obligations to others would overwhelm us and the sadness of past tribulations would never end. But even tombstones are ultimately doomed. There is no "forever" to this world.
But . . . isn't this maudlin, and also narcissistic? By which I mean, even when we talk about "long" views of history, ones that take into account marine ecology as well as political regimes and the weather, aren't we still writing these accounts for human reasons and for human ends, and really, for this thing we call "human understanding"? Of course, we live these days in a sort of heyday of post/human "human sciences" scholarship, comprising, in philosophy, "speculative realism" (Graham Harman) as well as "eliminative nihilism" (Ray Brassier) and "speculative materialism" (Quentin Meillassoux), in political science, the "political ecology of things" (Jane Bennett), in literary and related aesthetic studies, eco-materialism (Timothy Morton) and critical animal studies (Cary Wolfe and too many other persons to mention) and cyber-digital studies (Katherine Hayles, Lev Manovich, and others too numerous to mention) and object-oriented studies (Bill Brown, Barbara Johnson, Julian Yates, etc.), in sociological theory and new media studies, actor-network theory and networkologies (Bruno Latour, Eugene Thacker, and others too numerous to mention), and in philosophy of science and cognitive studies, well, good god, really too many to mention. And if you spend any time at all with microbiologists who study viruses and bacteria, then you already know that humans and other "species" are so vastly outnumbered by our microbial partners that you have to pause and wonder if we were "invented," or "evolved," as "hosts" for these infinitely more intelligent and durable organisms. They might even be "in charge"--seriously. This is just my way of saying that we have a lot of scholarship out there now, in the humanities and the sciences, that has displaced the human as the center of meaning-making and also, as the center of history. And yet, even thinking beyond, or past, the human requires a peculiarly human ability to speculate, which is to say, to think creatively with each other, however provisionally, and without much hope that we necessarily last into the future or were ever as important as we once thought. But what this also means (in my mind), is nothing else is central, either, and everything, even for that, is real and matters, somehow, in some way, even illusions. And here I would agree with Julian Yates that we should work to "maintain the productivity of error, dissonance, opacity and also the state of nervous, attentuated being that a melancholy 'post-human' produces in and for the 'human'."
Graham Harman has written that, "Reality does not matter: mountains are no more objects than hallucinated mountains." Further, he writes that what ultimately constitutes an object is that "something is or seems to be one thing"; moreover, an object is "no seamless fusion" between itself and all of its components, features and appearances, but rather, is fundamentally "torn between itself and its accidents, relations, and qualities." Another way of putting this would be to say that the "tensions" between everything that exists (rocks and lizards and clouds and chalk as well as persons) and how everything is composed and appears and is put into relation with everything else is what makes anything, including the world, possible at all. Following Harman's lead, an ethical historiography today would be one that mapped the rifts, forks, and tensions between every object that exists, including personal hallucinations, and these objects' allure: Harman's term for the distance between objects and the qualities that stream out of them, constituting the "sensual" objects with which we engage. Because of the allure of everything, objects are brought into relation with each other and with us, and thereby, everything literally happens. Psychology would no longer be limited to human minds but would be something that literally happens on the "molten core" inside of objects which are themselves inside of and constellated with other objects, including us. In this sense, psychology has to be writ and mapped larger and across vast networks of objects. And history, then, would be an account of how everything ultimately recedes from our grasp in a kind of infinite regress while at the same time, sensual objects pile up all around us, all writ under the larger sign of imminent mortality. Which is what living my life actually feels like every day, and somehow, that doesn't seem like such a bad thing, after all.
I am more than happy to acknowledge that by "Polish death camps," I merely meant the death camps, founded and operated by the German Nazis, that were located in Poland. I think that is implied for anyone who knows their WWII history. On the other hand, whereas many Polish persons suffered heavily during this war (and also before and after it, for a variety of reasons--Poland has had many attackers and oppressors), Jew and non-Jew alike, some Polish persons were complicit with the Nazis and there is a long history of anti-Semitism in Poland, as the massacre at Jedwabne makes clear, on which subject I would refer everyone to the book by Jan T. Gross, "Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland." For me, there is no black-and-white, good guys vs. bad guys to history, as Lanzmann's film also makes clear. I say this also because I have Polish Catholic relatives (in-laws) who, to this very day, are very anti-Semitic and who accept no blame whatsoever for everything that happened to the Jews in Poland during WWII, which I find disheartening. I am also descended from Irish Catholic relatives who are likewise anti-Semitic and also racist. This is not a subject I have ever taken lightly.
I too have a post on death brewing, but nothing like as thoughtful as this one: this is a real challenge, and written with an affecting personal touch. Apropos of which, I have also to say, I'm sorry for your loss, and happy to see some of the story that must be told to make that loss meaningful; it was worth the telling, despite your misgivings.
This article - and tenth medieval's comment - is one of the reasons I read In The Middle.
Since I am oppressed right now bringing two objects into being - I am not going to allow myself further thought or comment - but BRAVO!
Thank you, Sarah and Jonathan, for your kind comments here.
I know you're talking about your own experience, particularly your childhood, but most would say that the 60s and 70s in Ireland were anything but "magical," depending on where one was on the island. I don't mean to rebuke you, of course; I don't doubt the truth of what you say; rather, I'm observing the heterogeneity of any moment, something so often lost on our students (convinced of the lachrymose history of the Middle Ages when they're not going the other way and romanticizing it), or something lost on us, on me, at this moment having a nice Dec 31 afternoon while who knows what ecstasy or suffering, human and inhuman, is occurring.
It great to see bigotry is alive. The way you shift the blame for the Holocaust onto the Poles is most heartening. The Nazis & their allies are cheering you.
It is pleasing that you ignored Shana Penn (Director Media Relations United States Holocaust memorial Museum) & didn't change the wording: The most common error of concern is the identification of Nazi concentration camps on Polish soil as being "Polish concentration camps" instead of, as they were in reality, Nazi-run camps in German-occupied Poland during World War II.
I urge you to write to the American Jewish Committee as they strangely stated We would like to remind those who are either aware of the facts or careless in their choice of words, as has been the case with some media outlets, that Auschwitz-Birkenau & other death camps…were conceived, built and operated by Nazi Germany and its allies.
as someone who has spent many years studying the Holocaust and the post WWII debates surrounding the historiography of that event, your comments here are nothing less than a character assassination which is in no way grounded on facts. I agreed, in my very first response in the comments thread here that I never meant to imply that the camps in Poland were anything but Nazi-founded, Nazi-executed, and Nazi-run camps located in an occupied Poland. I think you want to leap over what I am truly trying to say here about the difficulties of "remembering" traumatic and personal histories in order to keep hitting me with some kind of big stick. The actual history of conflicts in Europe in the early part of the 20th century is a highly complex one. This is a weblog, to which we invite comments everyday. I cannot undo my original phrase because that would constitute an unethical erasure of what I said in the first place. I can, however, correct the phrase in my comments, as I have now done twice. If there is something more than semantics to be argued here, please let me know, because I maintain my larger point: history is never black and white and the blame for anti-Semitic activities before, during, and after the war, and in many countries, extends beyond the Nazis. The Nazis were, for definite worse, the greatest and most technologically efficient and devastating perpetrators of a particular genocide at a particular point in time. They do not however hold the sole lease on violence against others who we deem as too "different" from "us," whoever "us" might be at any given time: in my own distant and closer history, that includes the medieval Crusades as well as violence against American blacks during the period of slavery but also during the Civil Rights era, as well as the genocide in Rwanda in 1994, the ongoing genocide in Darfur, etc.
I have never been a bigot in my life and all of my scholarship works against bigotry in favor of a more broad humanism or zoepolitics that would not recognize differences, per se, in order to never let them harden into violence, either in its defensive or more offensive tactical forms. The problem of historical memory, as you rightly point out, is a chief impediment to such a humanism or zoepolitics, especially when many of us insist as being the pure "innocents" of any traumatic historical event. I could claim that, since I was not alive then, I have no guilt or compliance relative to the Holocaust or the institution of slavery. But I actually feel the opposite as anyone with even a shred of historical consciousness should feel. It's easy enough for everyone to agree never to say the phrase "Polish death camps" so to not perpetrate an historical falsehood about who founded, executed, and ran the camps, and for what purposes. Fixing the phrase, however, which I happily would, does not solve the larger and much more complicated ethical and philosophical questions and the connections between human selfishness and bigotry, violence, war, and evil.
What if I called Kielce a Jewish massacre? When challenged, I explain this to mean a massacre of Jews rather than run by Jews. Then instead of letting it go, I talk about Jews collaborating with the Soviets, what would happen? I would rightly be called an anti-Semite. This is because a minority defend what Poles did to Jews by making claims about the Jewish role in the Soviet occupation. It is dishonest to use the role played by some Jews (or anything for that matter) to justify what happen at Kielce. What makes that any different to the way you raised the role played by Poles when the discussing what to call the German death camps? There is none. Anti-Semites use the role of Jews to justify their actions just as those spreading anti-Polish sentiment use the role of Poles to justify theirs incorrect wording.
You should have simply acknowledged that you got it wrong. Polish anti-Semitism has nothing to do with the death camps. By linking the two, you use the same tactics as the Nazi supporters who wish to shift the blame onto Poles for the holocaust.
The tactics you are using have been condemned by the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum, Imperial War Museum (Toronto), United States Holocaust memorial Museum, American Jewish Committee, ADL, Yad Vashem, Australia Society of Polish Jews and Their Descendants, Israel government, International Network of Children of Jewish Holocaust Survivors, Jewish community in Poland, World Jewish Congress, Simon Wiesenthal Center, Australian Press Board, Australian Press Board, Ontario Press Council, Labour Friends of Poland, OSCE, Polish-Jewish Heritage Foundation of Canada (Montreal Chapter), the United Nations, (Minister of Foreign Affairs Republic of Poland, Polish American Awareness Foundation, Institute of National Remembrance, Polish American Congress and Federation of Poles in Great Britain.
Your blog still spreads the lie which if disagrees then take it up with the above. This is not a Pole playing games as we are supported by the Jewish world. If for some strange reason you want the original text to appear then why not put a clarification next to it? If you won't then your prejudice is clear.
Prejudice is wrong and your blog contains it. Correct your blog or be a bigotry the choice is yours.
Do you really believe Jan T. Gross version of the massacre at Jedwabne? E.g. are really going to claim 1,600 Jews were murdered? The truth as you say is not black and white but you act like the Gross version is the truth when anyone who has study this topic knows his version is wrong but with a some grains of truth. Directing people to his work rather than the more correct versions shows yet more bias against Poles.
If you have studied this topic then you should be aware that people don't know the truth any more. Here in the UK one in 6 youngsters said Auschwitz was a Second World War theme park while 1 in 20 said the Holocaust was a celebration at the end of the war. Not that the adults did any better with almost a quarter believing Churchill is a myth.
Dear Jan: for the third time, I AGREE with you about the phrase "Polish death camps" and, OF COURSE, the better phrase would be something like "Nazi-run death camps in occupied Poland." As a professor of medieval history and culture, I worry about faulty historical memory all of the time. You're preaching to the choir.
If you really agree then why not change the wording or at least put a clarification next to the text as our discussion is in the comment section hence unseen.
Further could you please explain why you raised Polish anti-Semitism in response to Jim's reasonable request to change the wording? How does this differ to anti-Semites who when challenged raising points about Jews to justify their words?
If you have read up on this topic why did you recommend the book neighbours? Which parts do you supports when most of the information in it is wrong or misleading?
Agreeing means nothing unless you change the wording.
Dear Jan: with all due respect, this is my last comment to you. I have added a clarification/correction in the weblog post itself [highlighted in red], but I cannot change the actual text because I was quoting something already published in 2001: my PhD dissertation. To do so now would be unethical. I'm not interested in discussing the Holocaust or issues of anti-Semitism with you as you are clearly a bully.


text:
Hendrikus Jacobus "Henk" Faanhof (Ámsterdam, 29 de agosto de 1922 - ibídem, 27 de enero de 2015) fue un ciclista neerlandés que fue profesional entre 1950 y 1955.

Trayectoria
Como ciclista amateur consiguió notables éxitos deportivos, sobre todo al ganar el Campeonato del mundo amateur de 1949 en Copenhague. Como profesional consiguió 10 victorias, entre ellas una etapa del Tour de Francia de 1954.

Palmarés

1949
  Campeonato del mundo amateur
 1º en la Vuelta a IJsselmeer
 1º en la Ámsterdam-Arnhem-Ámsterdam

1950
 Vencedor de 2 etapas de la Vuelta a Holanda

1951
 1º en el Gran Premio Courrier Picard
 Vencedor de 2 etapas de la Vuelta a Holanda

1952
 1r a Hoensbroek
 Vencedor de una etapa de la Vuelta a Holanda
 Vencedor de una etapa de la Vuelta a Argentina

1954
 Vencedor de una etapa en el Tour de Francia

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Palmarés de Henk Faanhof

Ciclistas de los Países Bajos
Ganadores de etapa en el Tour de Francia
Nacidos en Ámsterdam