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Floating Critical Response by Alistair Newton
In his review of Peter Brook's landmark multi-hour adaptation of The Mahabharata, American director/critic Charles Marowitz posited that if you want to avoid being criticized, create a work that exists beyond the rubric of criticism. This is the potential issue raised when one approaches the work of artists whose aesthetic challenges all of our preconceived notions about the theatrical experience. Welsh theatre maker Shon Dale-Jones' Floating presents such a case.
Currently making its third Canadian stop after being hosted by Vancouver's Arts Club Theatre during the PuSh Festival and Intrepid Theatre in Victoria, Floating is performed by Dale-Jones and his co-creator Sioned Rowlands and has been, as we are told, years in the making. Prompted by the death of his beloved grandmother — portrayed in one of three charming performances by the admittedly untrained Rowlands — Dale-Jones' theatrical alter-ego Hugh Hughes uses a tall tale about a Welsh island which separates from the mainland as a means to muse on community, family, and socio-cultural displacement. As the audience enters, Rowlands is seated onstage, quietly knitting, amidst a random assortment of projectors, miss-matched furniture and hand made charts and graphs. This folk-art aesthetic could be called 'anti-theatre' and it might be familiar to Toronto audiences from some of the work of companies Small Wooden Shoe and One Reed Theatre.
In this world, all of the pretenses of theatre are stripped away, the means of production are on display, and epic images are built from humble objects. Dale-Jones and Rowlands couldn't be a more lovely pair and they wring a combination of pathos and bathos from Floating's thin narrative frame which includes a crotchety school master's scheme to sail an island, and a game of chicken with the Isle of White. The chatty nature of the performance and the childlike simplicity of the imagery conspires to breakdown the typical disconnect between performer and spectator; a sense of community or, as Hughes constantly reminds the us, 'connection' is the goal. The open heartedness of the performance is made even more impressive by the ease with which charming can mutate into smarmy when forced; there is none of that here.
For all of the high points of Floating's breezy self-effacing charm, the problem of how to judge the images/choices/themes that don't pay off remains. Kenneth Tynan, perhaps the twentieth century's most astute theatre critic, turned to Schiller's three point model for theatrical evaluation: what is the play trying to do, does it do it, and is it worth doing. If the goal is to create a sense of community by knocking down the fourth wall and breaking through audience expectations with tactics like passing props around the house as in an elementary school show-and-tell, appointing a front row patron as a kind of navigator, or encouraging patrons in the balcony to relocate to the main floor — leading to a hilarious interaction between the performers and three local indie theatre creators in attendance on opening night — then what is the value of picking apart the specific directorial choices? The third of Schiller's three questions is easily answered in the affirmative but the second question, the question as to whether or not Floating fully satisfy its dramaturgical goals, is the more problematic of the triad.
In the slightly longwinded though often hysterical introduction, Dale-Jones outlines the themes he will explore in the piece. While Floating does contain some insights into the psychology of the Thatcher-era, the alienation from ideas of home and nationhood and the importance of the family, and in spite of the fact that the staged-lecture format allows for some interesting facts, ultimately I feel the piece lacks a fully satisfying emotional, political, or intellectual payoff. In spite of this fairly major quibble, in a cynical cultural moment ruled by banal hipster 'authenticity' by way of the warped equation of irony with nihilism, Floating's earnestness and winsome passion are a welcomed antidote. As Ovid says in The Ars amatoria: 'If you want to be loved, be lovable'.
Floating runs February 15-19, 2011 at Harbourfront Centre's World Stage.
Labels: ALISTAIR NEWTON, HARBOURFRONT CENTRE, HOIPOLLOI, ONE REED THEATRE, SHON DALE-JONES, SIONED ROWLANDS, SMALL WOODEN SHOE
FIXT POINT said...
a refreshing breath of air. floating really does connect with the audience. like we are at an event. and at every moment in this show we feel like our reactions and our level of engagement is essential to the performers. they play with us in such a lighthearted ridiculous way that we are not regularly accustomed to. we don't feel trapped inside the theatre, we feel like we are indeed in a game - playing along. and that makes it fun. and i can testify that when there is fun, so so much can happen with a group of people together in a room. but is there something more that could have happened? is there something more that could have been said? with a show that is so light and beautiful, we are certainly ready for it...
17 February, 2011 00:14
I absolutely agree with you Lisa,
Perhaps it was because I had come from teching a show at Rhubarb earlier that morning, but in midst of winter, I totally appreciated Floating's joyous levity and clever storytelling.
I felt that Floating was not trying to be anti-theatre per se but be what it is: an interactive multi-media work that incorporate and plays with verfremdung/theatrical self-consciousness.
If you will, Brechtian, object-based, clown-turn filled story-telling crossed with a fantasy about escape and exile.
And who can resist the charm of a pair of seasoned clown?
The character of Hughes is like the archetypical nutty professor and his sideick is the village idiot in some ways...something I (if only secretly) desire to connect to, both in myself and in others.
Mariel Marshall said...
Check out what I thought at my blog:
http://stagepressence.wordpress.com/2011/02/19/floating-on-a-sea-of-giggles/
Evan W said...
I'll speak to the mention of the folk-art aesthetic as one of the accused. When the designation folk-art (or folk anything) is applied by the maker it's usually connected to a defensive or protective impulse. On the other hand, designating someone else's work as folk-art is usually part of a strategy for keeping it out of circulation, reducing it from proposal to decoration - in other words: a defensive or protective impulse on the part of the speaker.
I can see how the style of Floating could appear as defensive posturing, as you say. But the lengths to which they go in pursuit of their goal of making a personal connection with people - up to virtually abandoning the 'content' on the night I saw it - belie this. In fact, they're pursuing something clear pretty vigorously. They're not protecting themselves or any authorial position and there's nothing in their style or aesthetic that is beyond the rubric of criticism.
There is something in Floating that seems beyond criticism however, though not because of its beyond-ness but in fact because of its ubiquity - and it is their intent to generate, in the audience, a feeling of warm connection - but without offering any critical perspective and without asking why that feeling might be important, what its nature is, and who or what that feeling serves. Without these questions theatre paints a picture of a humanity so alienated that all it can do is huddle together for warmth. To me this is a desperately pessimistic picture and that's why I don't feel any affinity with this work.
another blog post on the show can be found here:
http://www.positivelite.com/content/blog/categories/entertainment/item/review-floating-another-winner-from-harbourfront-s-world-stage-series
Sam Mooney said...
In response to Even W who said "their intent to generate, in the audience, a feeling of warm connection - but without offering any critical perspective and without asking why that feeling might be important, what its nature is, and who or what that feeling serves."
I take it as a given that any theatre piece would want to generate a feeling or connection - warm or not - with their audience otherwise what are they doing there?
No connection, no bums in seats. No bums in seats, no theatre. No theatre, hell.
Intellectualizing Floating is all very good but it turns something charming and enjoyable into something intimidating. What's the purpose? You want to attract people to the theatre not scare them away.
We need more Floating and less theorizing.
Slow clap for you Mr. Mooney. Couldn't agree more. Less theorizing and more Floating.
I completely disagree with Evan in his statement that the piece generated ubitquitous feelings with no intent. In fact I think the company has a very strong purpose and perspective on generating a sense of community within their walls. I ask you, Mr. Evan, why does Hugh have to tell you what that feeling serves? You seem to have opinions coming out your wazoo.
I appreciate the subtleties of the piece and the fact that it allowed me space to form my own opinions and to generate my own perspectives on the nature of community. For me, the artists didn't need to stuff pretentious theatrical persepective down my throat in order to feel connected to the work.
On a bit of a side tangent, I saw The Johnny Cash show last night at the Panasonic theatre. This is a show I admittedly would normally snuff my high-browed nose at for being a meaningless musical revuew. However, when I got there, the theatre was packed with fringe wearing, hollering Cash fans who loved every minute of it. A promininant Toronto theatre critique recently bashed the performance for its triviality but that didn't seem to deter audiences. If theatre is made for the artists it becomes masturbatory - if its for the people it seems to thrive. That's exactly what the Johnny Cash show achieved, a shared sense of memory and a feeling of community amongst the people. This was something intangible and invisible that a theatre critique, and perhaps even myself to some degree, didn't understand. I think the same goes for Floating because it is for the people. The people are sick and tired of all this theorizing and are looking for something more. Isn't that statement enough?
Let's take a moment of reflection on the concept of audience participation and ask the question….why?
Over the course of the past 6 months we have seen in almost every presentation at the World Stage Festival a play with the notion of breaking the 4th wall in some fashion or another. In many cases it involved a knowing glance to the audience, a seductive stare, a rhetorical question. Many of these could be the Epic Mother Courage of endeavors for actors; to stare in to the great void and command the audience out of its complacent emotive slumber. But in some cases as with "Floating" which was presented at Harbourfront last week, the audience engagement became a central if sometimes distracting side journey that at one point during the performance I attended seemed almost to submit the focus of the show completely over to three tardy elderly ladies from Thornhill. This reminds me of the great quote by W. C. Fields "never work with animals or children". Maybe, I might add, some cute septuagenarians; real life will always upstage an actor.
This 4th wall stumble has been on my mind for several weeks now and over the weekend I had the opportunity to take a non statistically significant poll about it with a good friend of mine; a classically trained, ivy league educated actor who is a regular on a popular WB series but who has also appeared at several respectable New York theater institutions. The conversation went something like this, (me) "what do you think of breaking the 4th wall in theater?" (friend) "audience participation or a monologue?" (me) "audience participation like making the people do a wave or naked dancers in the audiences lap" (friend) "I hate it, why can't we just hold the audience with a good scene?". AHA!
You're right I thought! What is this ridiculous notion that you need to wake me up from my slumber with what is happening on stage? Have 21st Century actors become so needy that no longer is it enough that we pay our tithe at the door but now have some social responsibility to be engaged? Was the tithe not enough in our compact to this 2 hours traffic on the stage?
Worse than this, how vain is the assumption that by cavorting through the aisles or demanding a verbal answer from the collective darkness (potentially now in house lights) that this would draw me in to your performance and not in fact achieve the opposite and serve to alienate my further? Or perhaps what stands to occur with those of more experience is only to tire more from seeing one more performer grasping for life pleading for attention by using an old technique of audience engagement.
Dave St. Pierre's, un peu de tendresse was most successful in a moment when, exhausted after the struggle to connect with the audience through screaming, sending the chorus out into the seats, crying and attempting to shock us with a seeming emotional indifference to her lover, the narrator gives up, releases the attention and releases the tension. Finally then while naked on the floor she surprisingly slides beautifully, gracefully across the stage: A perfect theatrical moment.
All of this is an excellent lead in to next week's performance of La Voix Humane. The beauty of this work in its written form is the entrapment of the character within the walls of their own making, the telephone, the conversation, the romance and the anxiety of the emotional breakup. It will be interesting to see if any of these walls are broken down. We should pay particular attention to what the director and designers place between us and the performer, between the audience and the master communicator on stage.
Articles, reviews, and critiques are accepted on a regular basis. If you have something in mind you'd like to contribute, please get in touch.
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24.01.2014. On January 17-19 Copenhagen hosted the Ferie and Fritid travel fair, at which, alongside other holiday and leisure industry representatives from around the world, the Georgian tourism company Discover Georgia was represented. The Georgian company presented to the fair visitors with all kinds of tours throughout Georgia including sea, mountain, wine, and biking tours.
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Scott Jurek Celebrates a New Appalachian Trail Thru-Hike Speed Record
From the top of a mountain in Maine, he swigged champagne and recounted the historic trek.
By Kit Fox
Watch Scott Jurek make his final record breaking strides in the video above.
By noon Sunday, 50 people had reached the summit of Mount Katahdin. They hiked a trail through the woods, up boulders, and across a windy ridge to camp out on jagged rocks overlooking the lake-dotted Baxter State Park in central Maine. They waited to see ultramarathoning history. They all had the same question.
Where is Scott Jurek?
At 2:03 p.m. ET, they got their answer.
He was clutching a faded wooden sign, his cheek brushing the engraved letters that read, "KATAHDIN, Northern Terminus of the Appalachian Trail."
Scott Jurek comes to the end of his 2,189-mile journey on the Appalachian Trail, with his wife, Jenny, by his side.
Forty-six days, eight hours, and seven minutes earlier, Jurek ran away from a similar sign in Springer Mountain, Georgia. He headed north on foot for 2,189 miles, across 14 states, and 515,000 feet of elevation change. He averaged nearly 50 miles a day.
By nuzzling his bearded face into the engraved wood on the highest peak in Maine, Jurek became the fastest person to thru-hike the Appalachian Trail. He beat the previous record, set by Jennifer Pharr Davis in 2011, by a mere three hours and 13 minutes.
"I can't believe I made it to this sign," he said, out of breath with a weary smile.
He almost didn't.
Five days prior, Jurek had given up. At one point, he told his crew it was over.
"I started adding up the number of miles and thought, 'there's not enough time in the day,'" he said, recounting parts of his trek to a crowd of supporters at the summit.
MORE: Scenes from the top of Mount Katahdin.
He originally wanted to break the record by four days, planning an itinerary that would bring him to Mount Katahdin in 42 days.
"Everything that could go wrong, went wrong," he said.
Injuries to his knee and quad in the first week forced him to wear braces on his legs. He passed through Vermont during one of the state's wettest months on record, and he admitted Sunday he wasn't that familiar with the trail.
"Jenny and I had no clue what we were doing up here," he said, looking to his wife who drove the support van and crewed him the entire trip. He'd only run 30 miles of the Appalachian Trail before starting the record attempt on May 27. "We literally on-sited this project."
During one of his lowest points, he was in the van with Jenny as rain pounded the windshield. He had just over a week to reach Katahdin and knew he needed outside help if he was going to make it. He called his friend, California-based ultramarathoner Topher Gaylord.
An exhausted Jurek left a message on Gaylord's phone. It said, "I need you out here, man."
Gaylord arrived on day 43. He started doing math that night, figuring out how many hours Jurek could afford to sleep if he wanted to break the record. It was still possible, but it was going to be close.
"They asked me, do you want the record or do you want to sleep?" Jurek said.
In his last four days, he estimated, he slept no more than 10 hours, during which he covered more than 200 miles. Before his final 15-mile push Sunday, he slept just one hour.
Jurek credited the record to his support crew, many of them ultramarathoners who came to help him push the pace. There was Walter Edwards, Jurek's friend and fellow ultrarunner. There was adventure athlete Aron Ralston, famous for cutting off his own arm during a canyoneering accident in 2003—inspiring the movie 127 Hours.
For two weeks in June, there was elite endurance athlete Karl Meltzer. He joined Jurek to gain extra miles through the rocky trails in Pennsylvania. Meltzer is planning his own thru-hike record attempt next summer, after two failed attempts in the past eight years. He used his time crewing Jurek, both to help his friend and strategize his own trek.
Meltzer was not at Katahdin's summit, but Jurek had a message for him from the top of the mountain: "Batter up, it's your turn." Jurek promised to return the favor and crew Meltzer during a section of the trail next year.
Then, of course, there was Jurek's wife, Jenny. She served as his cook, his doctor, his driver, and his psychologist. For much of the trail she crewed him alone. It was her birthday Sunday. Jurek led the crowd in a rendition of "Happy Birthday" minutes after reaching the summit.
"This was a team effort," Jurek said. "We got this record."
Over the past decade, Jurek has amassed one of the greatest ultramarathoning resumes in history. Among his accomplishments: seven consecutive Western States Endurance Runs, two Badwater Ultramarathons, the Hardrock Hundred Mile Endurance run, and a runner-up finish in the Leadville Trail 100. Despite the cadre of victories, this one stands out.
"This was the hardest thing I have ever done," he said.
Scott Jurek celebrates with a bottle of champagne at the top of Mount Katahdin.
At the summit, after kissing the sign and kissing Jenny, Jurek sprayed a bottle of champagne and took a long swig. Then he sat on a pile of rocks in front of the wooden sign marking the finish of his month-and-a-half long journey.
Hikers who arrived specifically to see this moment, and hikers who had no idea it was going to happen, formed a semicircle in front of Jurek. His crew joined them. From the crowd, people started asking questions.
What did you learn?
"I am way tougher than I think I am," Jurek said. "Just when you think you have gone to the deepest darkest place, you have something more to give and you have deeper places to go."
He swirled the bottle of champagne in his right hand.
"I had been shredded to the core. I didn't know how much more I could give," Jurek said. "This trail has a way of doing that to you. You find strength that you never thought you had. That's why I do this stuff. At the other end of that deepest darkest place, there's an ease and joy on the other side.
"Somehow I made it through, and that's something everybody can take home. Maybe they don't have to go from Springer to Katahdin, maybe they don't need to be crazy like me, but they can find that strength in other ways."
What was the sweetest moment?
"It was probably this morning," he said. With 5.2 miles left at the base of Katahdin, he knew he would break the record. "To know down at the bottom that all I had to do was go for a hike with my friends. We shared memories the whole way up; that's what it's all about."
Are you going to keep the beard?
Jenny piped in from his right. "No," she said.
At 41, Jurek is not sure what he will do next. During the first week of his record attempt, he told Runner's World Newswire this would likely be his last official endurance feat. He called it his "masterpiece." He wants to start a family.
But back at Katahdin's summit Sunday afternoon, his retirement plans couldn't officially start. He had a 5.2-mile descent still ahead of him. That's the cruel thing about the Appalachian Trail. It finishes at the peak of a mountain.
With the help of his crew, Jurek grabbed two hiking poles. From a distance he looked like a baby deer, wobbly over the large rocks cutting across the trail. Someone in his crew started reading from a phone. News had broken that he'd made it to the summit.
The story on the phone was titled, "Ultrarunning Legend Scott Jurek Sets New Appalachian Trail Speed Record."
Jurek listened. At the same time, gingerly, he hiked back down the mountain—a few more hours on the Appalachian Trail.
Kit Fox Special Projects Editor Kit has been a health, fitness, and running journalist for the past five years.
Two American Records Fall in Houston
Kenenisa Bekele Leads Men's Boston Marathon Field
2022 Boston Marathon Women's Field Announced
Boulder Running Community Comes Together Post-Fire
Monson, Kipchirchir Are U.S. Cross-Country Champs
Return to Running Slowly if You've Had COVID
Drake's Music May Make You Run Slower, Study Finds
Vitamin D Can Boost Heart Health, Research Finds
Alberto Salazar Banned Permanently by SafeSport
Just 10 Minutes of Running Can Boost Your Mood
Scott Jurek Breaks Appalachian Trail Thru-Hike Record
Scott Jurek Reflects on His Second AT FKT Attempt
Updated: Before Retirement, Scott Jurek Attempting Appalachian Trail Record
Making a Comeback
Where is Scott Jurek on the Appalachian Trail?
Scott Jurek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package drive

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore"
	"github.com/soniakeys/graph"
	"google.golang.org/api/drive/v3"
	"google.golang.org/api/googleapi"
	"io"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"strings"
	"text/tabwriter"
	"time"
)

const DefaultIgnoreFile = ".gdriveignore"

type ModTime int

const (
	LocalLastModified ModTime = iota
	RemoteLastModified
	EqualModifiedTime
)

type LargestSize int

const (
	LocalLargestSize LargestSize = iota
	RemoteLargestSize
	EqualSize
)

type ConflictResolution int

const (
	NoResolution ConflictResolution = iota
	KeepLocal
	KeepRemote
	KeepLargest
)

func (self *Drive) prepareSyncFiles(localPath string, root *drive.File, cmp FileComparer) (*syncFiles, error) {
	localCh := make(chan struct {
		files []*LocalFile
		err   error
	})
	remoteCh := make(chan struct {
		files []*RemoteFile
		err   error
	})

	go func() {
		files, err := prepareLocalFiles(localPath)
		localCh <- struct {
			files []*LocalFile
			err   error
		}{files, err}
	}()

	go func() {
		files, err := self.prepareRemoteFiles(root, "")
		remoteCh <- struct {
			files []*RemoteFile
			err   error
		}{files, err}
	}()

	local := <-localCh
	if local.err != nil {
		return nil, local.err
	}

	remote := <-remoteCh
	if remote.err != nil {
		return nil, remote.err
	}

	return &syncFiles{
		root:    &RemoteFile{file: root},
		local:   local.files,
		remote:  remote.files,
		compare: cmp,
	}, nil
}

func (self *Drive) isSyncFile(id string) (bool, error) {
	f, err := self.service.Files.Get(id).Fields("appProperties").Do()
	if err != nil {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("Failed to get file: %s", err)
	}

	_, ok := f.AppProperties["sync"]
	return ok, nil
}

func prepareLocalFiles(root string) ([]*LocalFile, error) {
	var files []*LocalFile

	// Get absolute root path
	absRootPath, err := filepath.Abs(root)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Prepare ignorer
	shouldIgnore, err := prepareIgnorer(filepath.Join(absRootPath, DefaultIgnoreFile))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	err = filepath.Walk(absRootPath, func(absPath string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		// Skip root directory
		if absPath == absRootPath {
			return nil
		}

		// Skip files that are not a directory or regular file
		if !info.IsDir() && !info.Mode().IsRegular() {
			return nil
		}

		// Get relative path from root
		relPath, err := filepath.Rel(absRootPath, absPath)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		// Skip file if it is ignored by ignore file
		if shouldIgnore(relPath) {
			return nil
		}

		files = append(files, &LocalFile{
			absPath: absPath,
			relPath: relPath,
			info:    info,
		})

		return nil
	})

	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Failed to prepare local files: %s", err)
	}

	return files, err
}

func (self *Drive) prepareRemoteFiles(rootDir *drive.File, sortOrder string) ([]*RemoteFile, error) {
	// Find all files which has rootDir as root
	listArgs := listAllFilesArgs{
		query:     fmt.Sprintf("appProperties has {key='syncRootId' and value='%s'}", rootDir.Id),
		fields:    []googleapi.Field{"nextPageToken", "files(id,name,parents,md5Checksum,mimeType,size,modifiedTime)"},
		sortOrder: sortOrder,
	}
	files, err := self.listAllFiles(listArgs)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Failed listing files: %s", err)
	}

	if err := checkFiles(files); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	relPaths, err := prepareRemoteRelPaths(rootDir, files)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var remoteFiles []*RemoteFile
	for _, f := range files {
		relPath, ok := relPaths[f.Id]
		if !ok {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("File %s does not have a valid parent", f.Id)
		}
		remoteFiles = append(remoteFiles, &RemoteFile{
			relPath: relPath,
			file:    f,
		})
	}

	return remoteFiles, nil
}

func prepareRemoteRelPaths(root *drive.File, files []*drive.File) (map[string]string, error) {
	// The tree only holds integer values so we use
	// maps to lookup file by index and index by file id
	indexLookup := map[string]graph.NI{}
	fileLookup := map[graph.NI]*drive.File{}

	// All files includes root dir
	allFiles := append([]*drive.File{root}, files...)

	// Prepare lookup maps
	for i, f := range allFiles {
		indexLookup[f.Id] = graph.NI(i)
		fileLookup[graph.NI(i)] = f
	}

	// This will hold 'parent index' -> 'file index' relationships
	pathEnds := make([]graph.PathEnd, len(allFiles))

	// Prepare parent -> file relationships
	for i, f := range allFiles {
		if f == root {
			pathEnds[i] = graph.PathEnd{From: -1}
			continue
		}

		// Lookup index of parent
		parentIdx, found := indexLookup[f.Parents[0]]
		if !found {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Could not find parent of %s (%s)", f.Id, f.Name)
		}
		pathEnds[i] = graph.PathEnd{From: parentIdx}
	}

	// Create parent pointer tree and calculate path lengths
	tree := &graph.FromList{Paths: pathEnds}
	tree.RecalcLeaves()
	tree.RecalcLen()

	// This will hold a map of file id => relative path
	paths := map[string]string{}

	// Find relative path from root for all files
	for _, f := range allFiles {
		if f == root {
			continue
		}

		// Find nodes between root and file
		nodes := tree.PathTo(indexLookup[f.Id], nil)

		// This will hold the name of all paths between root and
		// file (exluding root and including file itself)
		pathNames := []string{}

		// Lookup file for each node and grab name
		for _, n := range nodes {
			file := fileLookup[n]
			if file == root {
				continue
			}
			pathNames = append(pathNames, file.Name)
		}

		// Join path names to form relative path and add to map
		paths[f.Id] = filepath.Join(pathNames...)
	}

	return paths, nil
}

func checkFiles(files []*drive.File) error {
	uniq := map[string]string{}

	for _, f := range files {
		// Ensure all files have exactly one parent
		if len(f.Parents) != 1 {
			return fmt.Errorf("File %s does not have exacly one parent", f.Id)
		}

		// Ensure that there are no duplicate files
		uniqKey := f.Name + f.Parents[0]
		if dupeId, isDupe := uniq[uniqKey]; isDupe {
			return fmt.Errorf("Found name collision between %s and %s", f.Id, dupeId)
		}
		uniq[uniqKey] = f.Id
	}

	return nil
}

type LocalFile struct {
	absPath string
	relPath string
	info    os.FileInfo
}

type RemoteFile struct {
	relPath string
	file    *drive.File
}

type changedFile struct {
	local  *LocalFile
	remote *RemoteFile
}

type syncFiles struct {
	root    *RemoteFile
	local   []*LocalFile
	remote  []*RemoteFile
	compare FileComparer
}

type FileComparer interface {
	Changed(*LocalFile, *RemoteFile) bool
}

func (self LocalFile) AbsPath() string {
	return self.absPath
}

func (self LocalFile) Size() int64 {
	return self.info.Size()
}

func (self LocalFile) Modified() time.Time {
	return self.info.ModTime()
}

func (self RemoteFile) Md5() string {
	return self.file.Md5Checksum
}

func (self RemoteFile) Size() int64 {
	return self.file.Size
}

func (self RemoteFile) Modified() time.Time {
	t, _ := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, self.file.ModifiedTime)
	return t
}

func (self *changedFile) compareModTime() ModTime {
	localTime := self.local.Modified()
	remoteTime := self.remote.Modified()

	if localTime.After(remoteTime) {
		return LocalLastModified
	}

	if remoteTime.After(localTime) {
		return RemoteLastModified
	}

	return EqualModifiedTime
}

func (self *changedFile) compareSize() LargestSize {
	localSize := self.local.Size()
	remoteSize := self.remote.Size()

	if localSize > remoteSize {
		return LocalLargestSize
	}

	if remoteSize > localSize {
		return RemoteLargestSize
	}

	return EqualSize
}

func (self *syncFiles) filterMissingRemoteDirs() []*LocalFile {
	var files []*LocalFile

	for _, lf := range self.local {
		if lf.info.IsDir() && !self.existsRemote(lf) {
			files = append(files, lf)
		}
	}

	return files
}

func (self *syncFiles) filterMissingLocalDirs() []*RemoteFile {
	var files []*RemoteFile

	for _, rf := range self.remote {
		if isDir(rf.file) && !self.existsLocal(rf) {
			files = append(files, rf)
		}
	}

	return files
}

func (self *syncFiles) filterMissingRemoteFiles() []*LocalFile {
	var files []*LocalFile

	for _, lf := range self.local {
		if !lf.info.IsDir() && !self.existsRemote(lf) {
			files = append(files, lf)
		}
	}

	return files
}

func (self *syncFiles) filterMissingLocalFiles() []*RemoteFile {
	var files []*RemoteFile

	for _, rf := range self.remote {
		if !isDir(rf.file) && !self.existsLocal(rf) {
			files = append(files, rf)
		}
	}

	return files
}

func (self *syncFiles) filterChangedLocalFiles() []*changedFile {
	var files []*changedFile

	for _, lf := range self.local {
		// Skip directories
		if lf.info.IsDir() {
			continue
		}

		// Skip files that don't exist on drive
		rf, found := self.findRemoteByPath(lf.relPath)
		if !found {
			continue
		}

		// Check if file has changed
		if self.compare.Changed(lf, rf) {
			files = append(files, &changedFile{
				local:  lf,
				remote: rf,
			})
		}
	}

	return files
}

func (self *syncFiles) filterChangedRemoteFiles() []*changedFile {
	var files []*changedFile

	for _, rf := range self.remote {
		// Skip directories
		if isDir(rf.file) {
			continue
		}

		// Skip local files that don't exist
		lf, found := self.findLocalByPath(rf.relPath)
		if !found {
			continue
		}

		// Check if file has changed
		if self.compare.Changed(lf, rf) {
			files = append(files, &changedFile{
				local:  lf,
				remote: rf,
			})
		}
	}

	return files
}

func (self *syncFiles) filterExtraneousRemoteFiles() []*RemoteFile {
	var files []*RemoteFile

	for _, rf := range self.remote {
		if !self.existsLocal(rf) {
			files = append(files, rf)
		}
	}

	return files
}

func (self *syncFiles) filterExtraneousLocalFiles() []*LocalFile {
	var files []*LocalFile

	for _, lf := range self.local {
		if !self.existsRemote(lf) {
			files = append(files, lf)
		}
	}

	return files
}

func (self *syncFiles) existsRemote(lf *LocalFile) bool {
	_, found := self.findRemoteByPath(lf.relPath)
	return found
}

func (self *syncFiles) existsLocal(rf *RemoteFile) bool {
	_, found := self.findLocalByPath(rf.relPath)
	return found
}

func (self *syncFiles) findRemoteByPath(relPath string) (*RemoteFile, bool) {
	if relPath == "." {
		return self.root, true
	}

	for _, rf := range self.remote {
		if relPath == rf.relPath {
			return rf, true
		}
	}

	return nil, false
}

func (self *syncFiles) findLocalByPath(relPath string) (*LocalFile, bool) {
	for _, lf := range self.local {
		if relPath == lf.relPath {
			return lf, true
		}
	}

	return nil, false
}

func findLocalConflicts(files []*changedFile) []*changedFile {
	var conflicts []*changedFile

	for _, cf := range files {
		if cf.compareModTime() == LocalLastModified {
			conflicts = append(conflicts, cf)
		}
	}

	return conflicts
}

func findRemoteConflicts(files []*changedFile) []*changedFile {
	var conflicts []*changedFile

	for _, cf := range files {
		if cf.compareModTime() == RemoteLastModified {
			conflicts = append(conflicts, cf)
		}
	}

	return conflicts
}

type byLocalPathLength []*LocalFile

func (self byLocalPathLength) Len() int {
	return len(self)
}

func (self byLocalPathLength) Swap(i, j int) {
	self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i]
}

func (self byLocalPathLength) Less(i, j int) bool {
	return pathLength(self[i].relPath) < pathLength(self[j].relPath)
}

type byRemotePathLength []*RemoteFile

func (self byRemotePathLength) Len() int {
	return len(self)
}

func (self byRemotePathLength) Swap(i, j int) {
	self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i]
}

func (self byRemotePathLength) Less(i, j int) bool {
	return pathLength(self[i].relPath) < pathLength(self[j].relPath)
}

type byRemotePath []*RemoteFile

func (self byRemotePath) Len() int {
	return len(self)
}

func (self byRemotePath) Swap(i, j int) {
	self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i]
}

func (self byRemotePath) Less(i, j int) bool {
	return strings.ToLower(self[i].relPath) < strings.ToLower(self[j].relPath)
}

type ignoreFunc func(string) bool

func prepareIgnorer(path string) (ignoreFunc, error) {
	acceptAll := func(string) bool {
		return false
	}

	if !fileExists(path) {
		return acceptAll, nil
	}

	ignorer, err := ignore.CompileIgnoreFile(path)
	if err != nil {
		return acceptAll, fmt.Errorf("Failed to prepare ignorer: %s", err)
	}

	return ignorer.MatchesPath, nil
}

func formatConflicts(conflicts []*changedFile, out io.Writer) {
	w := new(tabwriter.Writer)
	w.Init(out, 0, 0, 3, ' ', 0)

	fmt.Fprintln(w, "Path\tSize Local\tSize Remote\tModified Local\tModified Remote")

	for _, cf := range conflicts {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
			truncateString(cf.local.relPath, 60),
			formatSize(cf.local.Size(), false),
			formatSize(cf.remote.Size(), false),
			cf.local.Modified().Local().Format("Jan _2 2006 15:04:05.000"),
			cf.remote.Modified().Local().Format("Jan _2 2006 15:04:05.000"),
		)
	}

	w.Flush()
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
carlosvicentederoux.org
Solar Battery Charging Circuit Diagram
By Valeria AlisonOn January 10, 2021 In Wiring Diagram243 views
Solar Battery Charging Circuit Diagram,4.02 / 5 ( 237votes )
Top Suggestions Solar Battery Charging Circuit Diagram :
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Author: Valeria Alison
Don't ask me why I have such of an obsession with wires, but I do. My mother always said that ever since I've been able to walk, I would find things with wires and play with them and tear them apart, figure out how they worked and would be totally fascinated.
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Hello creatives! It's Minimalist Monday once again and today we showcase how minimalism has conquered our libraries at home, school or office through the covers of our favorite books. Most of us would agree that a well designed book cover plays an important role in its success. And as designers, we would most probably judge a book by its cover.
Minimalist book covers are oftentimes characterized by less graphics and colors, use of simple typography and images and less content. The combination of these characteristics comprises an effective minimalist book cover that is striking enough to convince every reader to flip through its pages.
Below are 50 of the most amazing minimalist book covers out there for your inspiration or your reference for the next addition to your growing library of awesome reads!
Which among those book covers are your most favorite? Share us your thoughts and suggestions by leaving a comment below. Stay awesome everyone!


Rancho Mirage, Calif. (Dec. 5, 2017) — World No. 1 Simona Halep will headline Cliff Drysdale Management's 4th annual Tennis With The Stars on March 6, 2018. Hosted at Omni Rancho Las Palmas Resort & Spa, the charity event will once again benefit ACEing Autism, a national non-profit that connects children on the autistic spectrum to tennis.
Halep reached the number one ranking on the back of a stellar 2017 campaign that included a 45-17 record, runner-up finish at the French Open and a premiere mandatory title at the Madrid Open. The 26 year old Romanian has finished inside the top five each of the past four seasons.
Tennis With The Stars will once again benefit ACEing Autism, with a portion of all proceeds going to the non-profit organization that connects children on the autistic spectrum to tennis. After a successful launch of the program at Rancho Las Palmas Country Club in 2017, proceeds from the 2018 event will serve to build and strengthen opportunities for local Coachella Valley children on the autistic spectrum to experience tennis.


text:
Kid's Race Information
5K Information
10K Information
2023 Race Information
Welcome To the Home of the 2023 Hixon 50
Saturday October 28th:
5K/10K Start: 9:00am
Sunday October 29th:
50K Start: 7:37am
At the Hixon 50 we acknowledge that this land was originally called Móogašuc and is home to the Ho-Chunk peoples, the original stewards of this territory. We are committed to uplifting the name of these lands and community members from these Nations who reside alongside us.
Experience the beauty of La Crosse's Hixon Forest in your choice of four distances
We're excited to be able to present the seventh annual Hixon 50, now a 5k, 10k, 25k and 50k race through La Crosse's lush Hixon forest, nestled in the middle of bluff country. Enjoy views of the Mississippi River Valley from over 600 feet up in the air while tackling a challenging course in whichever distance you choose.
Saturday Oct. 28th
By the numbers:
-9:00am Start Time
-1 loop
-Countless views
-More information HERE
Sunday Oct. 29th
-4 aid stations
-23k on single track trails
~4,000 ft. elevation change
-Countless views
 -1 loop
-2 loops
The Race within a Race:
Kwik Trip Klimb
(25k and 50k ONLY)
The Kwik Trip Klimb is an all day running time trial from the bottom of the bluff to the finish. It features approximately 500 ft of climbing on technical trail to finish the race. The Klimb features a prize for the top overall male and female for the entire day across both distances. 25k racers are coming in hot to the finish, but 50k racers get two shots at it. Who will Klimb the fastest!
Race Location
The race starts and finishes on top of the bluffs at the Human Powered Trails on Cty. Rd. FA. When in doubt, look for the big white weather ball on the top, this is our home base! Parking will be on the street near the main parking lot. (See map below for details)
Click to view the map.
A peek into some of the great scenery to expect from the trails:
We love questions and comments
If you have any other questions about the race that aren't covered here, or would like to see something else on this page, please don't hesitate to contact us! The link below takes you straight to the contact page to talk with the Race Directors themselves.
Copyright © 2023 Grand Bluff Race Management


He mustered as Private, Company D, 40th Virginia Infantry on 1 March 1862.
He was mortally wounded in action at Sharpsburg on 17 September 1862 and died the next day.
Basic information from the Virginia Military Dead.1 Service and other details from Robert E. Lee Krick's 40th Virginia Infantry (roster, 1985) via the Historical Data Systems database, which has him as killed on 18 September.


This is a dish that I made before the Eggplant Braised in Marsala about which I wrote last month. It is equally delicious and went especially well with couscous. If it had occurred to me at the time, I would have added the Marsala, but it was under the radar at the time. Now that I have been using it, I am finding all kinds of uses for it.
I am now firmly convinced that this is the best way to cook eggplant. It is soft, and silky, and the long cooking time allows the flavor of the eggplant to shine.
Couscous cooked with vegetable broth and cranberries highlighted the eggplant perfectly, I added a garnish of toasted walnuts for a contrasting texture, which was much needed.
Trim the ends off the eggplant. Heat a scant tablespoon of oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Place the eggplant in the skillet, cut side down and in a single layer, and cook until browned, about 5 minutes. Turn the eggplant skin-side down and cook for another 5 minutes. Turn the eggplant back over and pour stock or water to cover about one inch of the eggplant. Reduce heat to low, cover, and braise until silky and tender, about 20 minutes. Remove from skillet and reduce the liquid to desired consistency for a sauce.


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analysis, politics
A Look at McCain's Tree
I must begin this post with a disclaimer that I have no intention to malign anyone's character. I simply want to chip away the layers of gloss and splattered mud to see the truth about the so-called "presumptive" Republican nominee. Who is this man? What is his record? How does he compare to Mike Huckabee on the issues?
Many conservatives "hold their nose" when it comes to Senator McCain because of his stance on illegal immigration. Let's take a look at what he himself has said about illegal immigration:
On Amnesty, to a Tuscon newspaper, 2003
"Amnesty has to be an important part because there are people who have lived in this country for 20, 30 or 40 years, who have raised children here and pay taxes here and are not citizens. That has to be a component of it… I think we can set up a program where amnesty is extended to a certain number of people who are eligible and at the same time make sure that we have some control over people who come in and out of this country…"
On Amnesty, at the end of a 2006 Senate debate
(Illegals have) "grasped the lowest rung of our ladder. They want to rise, and we should let them. Let them come out of the shadows, pay a fine, stay employed, pay taxes, and earn their citizenship."
However, he said something different at the New Hampshire debate last year:
"I have never, ever supported amnesty and never will."
About a border fence, in an interview with Vanity Fair, McCain said:
"In the short term, it (the debate over his failed immigration bill) probably galvanizes our base," he said. "In the long term, if you alienate the Hispanics, you'll pay a heavy price." Then he added, unable to help himself, "By the way, I think the fence is least effective. But I'll build the g**damned fence if they want it."
More about the border fence, from his presidential campaign website (minus the profanity):
"I have always believed that our border must be secure and that the federal government has utterly failed in its responsibility to ensure that it is secure."
Just who IS the federal government? According to the US Constitution, the federal government is made up of the executive, judicial, and LEGISLATIVE branches of government. Which of the two Republican candidates has been a part of said federal government for eons? Not Mike Huckabee. Sounds like McCain is saying that HE has "utterly failed" in HIS responsibility to secure the border.
I respectfully diagree with Senator McCain when he said he never supported amnesty. Let's call an orange an orange instead of smiling and telling everyone it's an apple. I could respect his opinions more if I got the sense that he was truly convicted in them. Rather than "straight talking" the American people, Senator McCain seems to rely on his staffers to tell him what the conservative base wants to hear.
An example of the Senator's unease with conservatives came in an interview on MSNBC's Hardball back in February 2007. The topic was gay marriage. According to the article in Vanity Fair, McCain said one thing, and then during the commercial break his political strategist, John Weaver, ran up and whispered to him. In the next segment McCain asked to clarify his answer on the gay marriage issue — and promptly did a 180.
Before Weaver's Whisper
"I think that gay marriage should be allowed, if there's a ceremony kind of thing, if you want to call it that…I don't have any problem with that, but I do believe in preserving the sanctity of the union between man and woman."
After Weaver's Whisper
"Could I just mention one other thing? On the issue of the gay marriage, I believe if people want to have private ceremonies, that's fine. I do not believe that gay marriages should be legal."
After the interview, Senator McCain ran over to Weaver and asked, "Did I fix it? Did I fix it?"
What does the real, off-the-cuff John McCain think? Does it matter? His waffling on these issues makes it very difficult for me to believe that HE BELIEVES what he's saying. It's as if I'm standing in a nursery, looking at a tree obviously loaded with peaches, whose label states it is an orange tree.
From Luke 6:
44Each tree is recognized by its own fruit. People do not pick figs from thornbushes, or grapes from briers. 45The good man brings good things out of the good stored up in his heart, and the evil man brings evil things out of the evil stored up in his heart. For out of the overflow of his heart his mouth speaks.
Yet another example of McCain's "conservaliberalism" is the creation and funding of his Reform Institute. The McCain campaign's "Hispanic Outreach Director," Juan Hernandez, is also a fellow of McCain's Reform Institute. According to Michelle Malkin's blog, one of Mr. Hernandez's latest projects was an art contest whereby children drew their protests against a border fence. How can McCain say that he supports a border fence when his Hispanic Outreach Director actively sponsors art projects in which children depict their angst at such a fence? Does this make any sense to anyone else?
What exactly is the Reform Institute? Well, it's a non-profit, 501 (c) (3) organization formed in 2001 to support the McCain-Feingold law (remember the law that limits the amounts of money private citizens can spend to support their candidates but allows those who are individually wealthy to use as much of their own money as they want?). The institute also employs McCain's chief political advisor, Rick Davis as a consultant for $110K a year. The Institute has bankrolled many events that highlight McCain and his agenda. Who funds the Reform Institute? Prepare to be surprised…
The Tides Foundation gives money to the institute. They also happen to be a very heavy-handed pro-abortion activist group and have given over $500,000 to the pro-abortion cause.
The Educational Foundation of America. This group supports nearly every left-wing cause available, including abortion rights, assisted suicide rights, opposes drilling in ANWR, etc.
The Proteus Fund. This group has given over $935,000 in support of gay marriage rights. They also are anti-war to the tune of over $800,000.
The Open Society Institute. This group founded by George Soros supports open-border causes like the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund and the National Immigration Law Center.
Why is that significant? It goes back to the fruit on the tree. The Reform Institute was founded by Senator McCain to bring "transparency" to the federal government election laws. Then why does it accept money from backers that also support highly "left-wing" causes? For those readers who say that just because he founded it doesn't mean he has anything to do with it, think again. Cablevision gave the institute $200,000. Guess what McCain did after that? Mr. "No Pork Barrell Politics" wrote a letter to the FCC on behalf of Cablevision.
Again, take a hard, long look at that tree. What bill would he sign as President? If the Tides Foundation deposited a pretty million in his Reform Institute just as an important piece of legislation requiring informed consent before abortions came across his desk, would he sign it? Or veto it? It's hard to know. Maybe he's been in Washington so long that he's been a victim of cross pollination and doesn't have a true stance on any of the conservative issues.
Mike Huckabee, on the other hand, is not a Washington insider. He is a conservative's conservative, and he is the only presidential candidate still standing who has actually run a country before. Well, the "country" of Arkansas, that is! There is a sincerity in Mike Huckabee that is rarely seen among those in Washington. On the border fence, he's promised to build it in 120 days. He knows — as we all do, deep down — that there is NOTHING Americans can't do (including building the fence and becoming energy independent) when they bind together. He has the vision — and the gift — of inspiring us to be better than we are today. You know exactly what you're getting when you hear Mike Huckabee…pure conservatism with an abundance of compassion.
But don't take my word for it: watch some of Huckabee's speech to CPAC. Listen to him talk about the sanctity of life and securing our borders. Even if you don't agree with him, you will agree that he really does mean what he says. He won't be running off stage asking his strategist: "Did I fix it?"
How can Huckabee win the nomination? By blocking McCain's gathering of delegates. If McCain doesn't reach 1191, then the decision will be made at a brokered convention. I believe that conservatives…and moderates…who hear Huckabee speak will come away understanding that he is THE conservative choice.
February 14, 2008 February 15, 2008 everfaithborder, conservatives, fruit, gay marriage, Huckabee, immigration reform, mccain, reform institute
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Last year I gave this biography on Steve Jobs to my hubby for Christmas. I'm finally getting my chance to read it and it has launched my newest obsession interest: the history of Apple.
I love non-fiction, biographies, history, and technology...so this book has it all for me. It's a fascinating look at the birth of Apple Computers and Steve Jobs' life, and a great reminder of the dawn of the computer age. I can't believe I am old enough to have experienced this 'in real life' from the start. I totally have taken for granted the evolution of computer technology but reading this book has made me look back and reminisce. We've come a long way, baby!
I remember my dad having a Radio Shack Tandy computer and being so proud of sending out multiple copies of letters he'd typed (while researching his family tree), all in CAPS, on his personal computer: "you may be wondering how I have typed this letter to you. I am using a sophisticated home computer". So funny now! We had the original PONG game on a little black and white t.v. and the year I got an Intellivision for Christmas, I was so excited!
Eventually, I was given Dad's 'older' model Dell computers as he upgraded. Back when there was no sound, no speakers, no colour monitor. I had already graduated (imagine, having to get through school with NO computer! Having to go to an actual library to read actual books and papers to do research! And then having to TYPE the papers on a typewriter!) by this time and used the computer to write letters, manage the family finances, and maybe play a game of solitaire!
Looking back, I'm quite proud of the fact that I got into the game pretty early. In the 80s I worked in an office where I formatted discs, created software discs for customers and had to use basic DOS to get things done. Once I had my own computer I installed extra memory myself, upgraded to speakers when they became available, and generally was open to trying anything new with my system. I wish we had been an 'Apple' family but since I received my father's cast-offs (with no budget to buy for myself) I was destined to be a PCer.
With the new Steve Jobs biopic due out next year (Ashton Kutcher is a dead-ringer!), I am very excited to see the book transformed into a film. If you are reading the book yourself, check out the videos below to put faces to the names and witness some of the events recounted in the biography - fascinating!


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Here are answers to some commonly asked questions about Jewellery.
What does the karat of gold mean?
The Fineness or Purity of Gold is described in terms of 'Karats' (K or Kt). Pure Gold is 24K. In other words, one Karat is 1/24 of the total purity of the gold. If gold is 18 parts gold and 6 parts other metals, then it is 75% gold = 18K gold (Note: 18 = 75% of 24).
This term is NOT used for platinum or silver.
Why should I trust spectrometer for gold purity testing?
The spectrometer, also known as karat meter, tests the purity of gold without causing any harm to the jewellery item. It is extremely fast, and results are obtained immediately. It can identify all elements or metals in the jewellery item along with their respective weight percentages (composition).
These results are operator independent, so different people using the system will get the same results. The karat meter is recognized by World Gold Council for testing of Gold.
How do I know I'm getting a real diamond?
Our entire loose diamond inventory is either IGI or GIA certified. These are internationally recognized diamond grading laboratories.
For Diamond Jewellery, the certificate from internationally acclaimed Gemological Institute, IGI, will help you to confirm that they are real.
What does a diamond certificate have?
The diamond grading certificate will have information the 4 C's; color, clarity, carat and cut. Along with dimensions and shape of the diamond, as well as the measurements, table and depth percentages and the polish and symmetry inherent within the stone.
The report should also contain a comprehensive section on any imperfections, fluorescence and graining within the stone and come complete with a detailed sketch of your diamond.
What does an IGI jewellery certificate have?
The IGI jewellery certificate includes description & photograph of the jewellery, along with diamond grading information of the 4 C's; color, clarity, carat and cut.
An IGI certificate clearly discloses the details of the jewellery item, providing trust and confidence for both buyer and seller.
What is meant by the 4 C's of a Diamond?
Four main value factors used to describe and classify diamond's quality and value are: carat, cut, colour and clarity. These four elements are known as the 4 C's.
Carat: Carat is the standard unit of weight for diamonds. One carat equals 1/5 of a gram. Diamonds weighing less than a carat are measured in points (one carat is divided into 100 points).
Cut: Cut refers to the overall finish and proportions of a diamond. A well cut diamond can make light perform in breathtaking ways, resulting in a magnificent display of brilliance, fire and scintillation. The Cut grade is expressed on a scale from Excellent to Poor. Diamonds can be cut into a variety of shapes to bring out their beauty.
Colour: Most gem quality diamonds used in jewellery are nearly colourless, sometimes with a tint of yellow or brown. Among the rarest are the colours D, E & F, and these command top price. The colour scale goes up to Z.
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Flawless is the top grade. These are extremely rare, and command top prices.


Acupuncture is the insertion of tiny needles into the specific points in the body to stimulate the body's natural repair and healing process. 1st 4 Physiotherapy offers acupuncture as an adjunct to treatment. Acupuncture is safe, painless and without side effects so is an alternative to westernised treatments. We offer excellent Acupuncture in Stoke on Trent.
It is proposed that acupuncture produces its effects through regulating the nervous system, thus aiding the activity of pain-killing biochemicals and immune system cells at specific sites in the body. In addition, research studies have shown that acupuncture may alter brain chemistry by changing the release of neurotransmitters and neurohormones and, thus, affecting part of the nervous system which relates to body systems such as immune reactions and processes that regulate blood pressure and blood flow.
Acupuncture has recently been recommended by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence as an effective modality in treating chronic low back pain. Many research studies have shown that acupuncture administered by physiotherapy is cost effective in treating pain.
To find out if Acupuncture is right for you please contact us today.


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13 Effective Substitutes for Eggs
Written by Kayla McDonell, RD on May 2, 2017
Our editors have independently chosen the products in this article. If you buy something through these links, we may earn a small commission. More about how this works.
Eggs are incredibly healthy and versatile, making them a popular food for many.
They're especially common in baking, where nearly every recipe calls for them.
But for various reasons, some people avoid eggs. Fortunately, there are plenty of replacements you can use instead.
This article explores the various ingredients that can be used as egg alternatives.
Reasons Why You Might Need to Replace Eggs
There are various reasons why you may need to find a substitute for eggs in your diet. Allergies and dietary preferences are two of the most common.
Egg Allergy
Eggs are the second most common food allergy in infants and young children (1).
One study indicated that 50% of children will outgrow the allergy by the time they are three years old, with 66% outgrowing it by the age of five (2).
Other studies suggest it may take until age 16 to outgrow an egg allergy (3).
While most children who are allergic to eggs become tolerant over time, some individuals remain allergic their entire lives.
Some individuals follow a vegan diet and choose not to eat meat, dairy, eggs or any other animal products.
Vegans avoid consuming animal products for various reasons, including health purposes, environmental concerns or ethical reasons regarding animal rights.
Summary: Some people may need to avoid eggs due to egg allergies, while others avoid them for personal health, environmental or ethical reasons.
Why Are Eggs Used in Baking?
Eggs serve several purposes in baking. They contribute to the structure, color, flavor and consistency of baked goods in the following ways:
Binding: Eggs help combine ingredients and hold them together. This gives food its structure and prevents it from falling apart.
Leavening: Eggs trap pockets of air in foods, causing them to expand during heating. This helps foods puff up or rise, giving baked goods like soufflés, angel food cake and meringues their volume and light, airy texture.
Moisture: The liquid from eggs is absorbed into the other ingredients in a recipe, which helps add moisture to the finished product.
Flavor and appearance: Eggs help carry the flavors of other ingredients and brown when exposed to heat. They help improve the taste of baked goods and contribute to their golden-brown appearance.
Summary: Eggs serve several purposes in baking. Without them, baked goods might be dry, flat or flavorless. Fortunately, there are plenty of egg alternatives.
1. Applesauce
Applesauce is a purée made from cooked apples.
It's often sweetened or flavored with other spices like nutmeg and cinnamon.
Using one-fourth cup (about 65 grams) of applesauce can replace one egg in most recipes.
It's best to use unsweetened applesauce. If you're using a sweetened variety, you should reduce the amount of sugar or sweetener in the recipe itself.
Summary: Unsweetened applesauce is a great substitute for eggs in most recipes. You can use one-fourth cup (about 65 grams) to replace one egg.
2. Mashed Banana
Mashed banana is another popular replacement for eggs.
The only downside to baking with bananas is that your finished product may have a mild banana flavor.
Other puréed fruits like pumpkin and avocado work too and may not affect the flavor as much.
Whichever fruit you choose to use, you can replace each egg with one-fourth cup (65 grams) of purée.
Baked goods made with puréed fruits may not brown as deeply, but they will be very dense and moist.
This substitution works best in cakes, muffins, brownies and quick breads.
Summary: You can use mashed banana or other fruits like pumpkin and avocado to replace eggs. Use one-fourth cup (65 grams) of fruit pureé for each egg you want to replace.
3. Ground Flaxseeds or Chia Seeds
Flaxseeds and chia seeds are both tiny seeds that are highly nutritious.
They are high in omega-3 fatty acids, fiber and other unique plant compounds (4, 5, 6, 7).
You can grind the seeds yourself at home or buy ready-made seed meal from the store.
To replace one egg, whisk together 1 tablespoon (7 grams) of ground chia or flaxseeds with 3 tablespoons (45 grams) of water until fully absorbed and thickened.
Doing so may cause baked goods to become heavy and dense. Also, it may result in a nuttier flavor, so it works best in products like pancakes, waffles, muffins, breads and cookies.
Summary: Ground flaxseeds and chia seeds make great egg substitutes. Mixing 1 tablespoon (7 grams) of either with 3 tablespoons (45 grams) of water can replace one egg.
4. Commercial Egg Replacer
There are a variety of commercial egg replacers on the market. These are typically made from potato starch, tapioca starch and leavening agents.
Egg replacers are suitable for all baked goods and should not affect the flavor of the finished product.
Some commercially available brands include Bob's Red Mill, Ener-G and Organ. You can find them at many supermarkets and online.
Each brand comes with its own instructions, but typically you combine 1.5 teaspoons (10 grams) of powder with 2–3 tablespoons (30–45 grams) of warm water to replace one egg.
Summary: A variety of commercial egg replacers are available. Combine 1.5 teaspoons (10 grams) of powder with 2–3 tablespoons (30–40 grams) of water to replace each egg.
5. Silken Tofu
Tofu is condensed soy milk that has been processed and pressed into solid blocks.
The texture of tofu varies based on its water content. The more water that is pressed out, the firmer the tofu gets.
Silken tofu has a high water content and is, therefore, softer in consistency.
To replace one egg, substitute one-fourth cup (about 60 grams) of puréed, silken tofu.
Silken tofu is relatively flavorless, but it can make baked goods dense and heavy, so it's best used in brownies, cookies, quick breads and cakes.
Summary: Silken tofu is a great substitute for eggs, but may lead to a heavier, denser product. To replace one egg, use one-fourth cup (about 60 grams) of puréed tofu.
6. Vinegar and Baking Soda
Mixing 1 teaspoon (7 grams) of baking soda with 1 tablespoon (15 grams) of vinegar can replace one egg in most recipes.
Apple cider vinegar or white distilled vinegar are the most popular choices.
When mixed together, vinegar and baking soda start a chemical reaction that produces carbon dioxide and water, which makes baked goods light and airy.
This substitution works best for cakes, cupcakes and quick breads.
Summary: Mixing 1 teaspoon (7 grams) of baking soda with 1 tablespoon (15 grams) of vinegar can replace one egg in most recipes. This combination works especially well in baked goods that are meant to be light and airy.
7. Yogurt or Buttermilk
Both yogurt and buttermilk are good substitutes for eggs.
It's best to use plain yogurt, as flavored and sweetened varieties may alter the flavor of your recipe.
You can use one-fourth cup (60 grams) of yogurt or buttermilk for each egg that needs to be replaced.
This substitution works best for muffins, cakes and cupcakes.
Summary: You can use one-fourth cup (60 grams) of plain yogurt or buttermilk to replace one egg. These substitutions work especially well in muffins and cakes.
8. Arrowroot Powder
Arrowroot is a South American tuber plant that is high in starch. The starch is extracted from the roots of the plant and sold as a powder, starch or flour.
It resembles corn starch and is used in cooking, baking and a variety of personal and household products. You can find it at many health food stores and online.
A mixture of 2 tablespoons (about 18 grams) of arrowroot powder and 3 tablespoons (45 grams) of water can be used to replace one egg.
Summary: Arrowroot powder is a great replacement for eggs. Mix 2 tablespoons (about 18 grams) of it with 3 tablespoons (45 grams) of water to replace one egg.
9. Aquafaba
Aquafaba is the liquid left over from cooking beans or legumes.
It's the same liquid that is found in canned chickpeas or beans.
The liquid has a very similar consistency to that of raw egg whites, making it an excellent substitution for many recipes.
You can use 3 tablespoons (45 grams) of aquafaba to replace one egg.
Aquafaba works especially well in recipes that call for just egg whites, such as meringues, marshmallows, macaroons or nougat.
Summary: Aquafaba is the liquid found in canned beans. You can use 3 tablespoons (45 grams) of it as a substitute for one whole egg or one egg white.
10. Nut Butter
Nut butters like peanut, cashew or almond butter can also be used to substitute eggs in most recipes.
To replace one egg, use 3 tablespoons (60 grams) of nut butter.
This may affect the flavor of your finished product, and it's best used in brownies, pancakes and cookies.
You should also make sure to use creamy nut butters, rather than chunky varieties, so that everything mixes properly.
Summary: You can use 3 tablespoons (60 grams) of peanut, cashew or almond butter for each egg you want to replace. However, it may result in a nuttier flavor.
11. Carbonated Water
Carbonated water can add moisture to a recipe, but it also acts as a great leavening agent.
The carbonation traps air bubbles, which help make the finished product light and fluffy.
You can replace each egg with one-fourth cup (60 grams) of carbonated water.
This substitution works great for cakes, cupcakes and quick breads.
Summary: Carbonated water makes a great egg replacement in products that are meant to be light and fluffy. Use one-fourth cup (60 grams) of it to replace each egg.
12. Agar-Agar or Gelatin
Gelatin is a gelling agent that makes a great substitute for eggs.
However, it's an animal protein that is typically derived from the collagen of pigs and cows. If you avoid animal products, agar-agar is a vegan alternative obtained from a type of seaweed or algae.
Both can be found as unflavored powders in most supermarkets and health food stores or online.
To replace one egg, dissolve 1 tablespoon (about 9 grams) of unflavored gelatin in 1 tablespoon (15 grams) of cold water. Then, mix in 2 tablespoons (30 grams) of boiling water until frothy.
Alternatively, you can use 1 tablespoon (9 grams) of agar-agar powder mixed with 1 tablespoon (15 grams) of water to replace one egg.
Neither of these replacements should affect the flavor of your finished product, but they may create a slightly stiffer texture.
Summary: Mixing 1 tablespoon (9 grams) of gelatin with 3 tablespoons (45 grams) of water can replace one egg. You can also mix 1 tablespoon (9 grams) of agar-agar with 1 tablespoon (15 grams) of water.
13. Soy Lecithin
Soy lecithin is a byproduct of soybean oil and has binding properties similar to that of eggs.
It's frequently added to commercially prepared foods because of its ability to mix and hold ingredients together.
It's also sold in powder form in most health food stores and online.
Adding 1 tablespoon (14 grams) of soy lecithin powder to your recipe can replace one egg.
Summary: 1 tablespoon (14 grams) of soy lecithin can be used to replace one whole egg or one egg yolk in most recipes.
What If a Recipe Calls for Egg Whites or Yolks?
The ingredients shared in this article are great substitutes for whole eggs, but some recipes call for just egg whites or egg yolks.
Here are the best replacements for each:
Egg whites: Aquafaba is the best option. Use 3 tablespoons (45 grams) for each egg white you want to replace.
Egg yolks: Soy lecithin is a great substitute. You can replace each large egg yolk with 1 tablespoon (14 grams).
Summary: Aquafaba is a great substitute for egg whites, whereas the best substitute for egg yolks is soy lecithin.
Eggs contribute to the overall structure, color, flavor and consistency of baked goods.
Unfortunately, some people cannot eat eggs, or simply choose not to. Luckily, plenty of foods can replace eggs in baking, though not all of them act the same way.
Some egg alternatives are better for heavy, dense products, while others are great for light and fluffy baked goods.
You may need to experiment with various egg alternatives to get the texture and flavor you desire in your recipes.
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text:
San Dimas Sheriff's captain is a visible…
NewsCrime + Public Safety
San Dimas Sheriff's captain is a visible community agent
Capt. Duane Harris, the veteran Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department deputy and administrator who now serves as commander of the San Dimas Sheriff's Station and also volunteers with the station's Mounted Posse, will be among the volunteers helping at the San Dimas Sheriff's Boosters Club Classic Car Show on Sunday. (Will Lester/Inland Valley Daily Bulletin)
By Imani Tate | itate@scng.com |
PUBLISHED: July 24, 2015 at 1:48 am | UPDATED: August 30, 2017 at 7:05 am
SAN DIMAS >> Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department Capt. Duane Harris doesn't believe in isolating himself and focusing solely on administrative tasks inside his office.
Convinced effective law enforcement involves partnering with people and being visible in the community, the new San Dimas sheriff's station commander employs community-oriented tactics and stays connected to community.
Local residents and officials can spot him at San Dimas City Council and Public Safety Commission meetings and Mt. Baldy community gatherings. He spoke at the 20th anniversary ceremony honoring slain Glendora policeman Louie Pompei who was killed while defending San Dimas market shoppers during an armed robbery. He gladly sampled local restaurant cuisine at the Taste of San Dimas. He rides his palomino horse Champ as a San Dimas Sheriff's Mounted Posse volunteer.
He joined cheering supporters who welcomed Special Olympics World Games athletes and coaches as well as law-enforcement agents from Ireland, Iceland, Korea, Taiwan, Canada and the United States for the recent torch run through San Dimas. He patted a deputy on the back for changing the flat tire of an elderly motorist. He'll tag along on the city's National Night Out caravan in August.
And on Sunday, he'll attend the San Dimas Sheriff's Boosters Club Classic Car Show, the downtown benefit for station volunteer and reserve units.
"We deal with the public every day. The only way to be successful," Harris reasoned, "is to be a part of the community and partner with people.
"How can you work in a community if you're not part of a community?" he rhetorically asked. "Whether you're in a patrol car, on a community-action team, offering resources and answers to people in need, mediating a disagreement between neighbors or acting as the commander, you're here to protect and serve the community. Isolating yourself from the community won't help you do your job."
Although everyone in his family didn't become law-enforcement agents, enough relatives did to make it a family tradition. Patriarch James Harris, a Sheriff's Department veteran who served for 32 years before retiring, set the "excellent example" and inspired three of his four sons – Duane, Terry and Allen – to join the county force. Baby boy Drew decided to pursue an equally dangerous career in the coal-mining industry.
"When we were growing up we watched cowboy movies and cops and robbers shows," Duane remembered of his formative years in the nurturing family led by James and homemaker Gloria Harris. "We knew there were good guys and bad guys. Dad was a good guy and law enforcement was an honorable profession."
Duane was the first to follow in his father's footsteps, making the conscious choice at age 16 when he was a high school sophomore. After attending Cerritos and East Los Angeles community colleges, he joined the Sheriff's Department in July 1979 and completed academy training in January 1980. Terry enjoyed financially lucrative work as a mason before bricklaying was trumped by police work. He and Allen, now an Operations Safe Street sergeant, entered the Sheriff's Academy at the same time in 1983, Terry retired as a sergeant in March 2014.
The Harris boys were typical teenage boys, well enough known mischief makers and speeders for his future mother-in-law to fret about daughter Vicki dating Duane in high school. It didn't take long for Duane to straighten up after a deputy didn't ticket him for speeding and told his dad instead. Duane and Vicki, his high-school sweetheart, will celebrate their 37th wedding anniversary in November and have eight grandchildren. Eldest daughter Amber is married to a Los Angeles County deputy, younger one Amanda is wed to a Marine staff sergeant and son Jeremiah works in the Oklahoma oil fields.
Duane's community-focused career moved him successfully from deputy to captain/commander and assignments in patrol, custody, Special Enforcement, Homicide and Narcotics bureaus, Radio Center, Operation Safe Streets, Community-Oriented Policing Services, operations and several administrative leadership station positions before he became San Dimas commander in October 2014.
Imani Tate


The birth of the child is an important event in the life of each family members. Therefore, there is no surprise on the fact that the moms and dads of the youngster comprehend every little thing they have best from the very first days. A couple of months prior to the expected birth day, they begin selecting a crib, apparel layers, along with infant transport. Nevertheless, the quality of the secondly will certainly depend upon the safety and security as well as comfort of the child, along with what moms and dads will be comfortable to walk with in the early years of life.
In this write-up, we will certainly speak about the best ways to choose a great infant stroller and focus on the functions that you must pay attention to.
Really, there are a lot of models of various enters stores. They are various, not just as a result of their look however also through layout, functionality and user friendly attributes.
So-called standard baby boy trolley are made to stroll with a newborn baby (for practically the initial day of life). A feature of the models that could only be a child in a position that is placed, as a result of its level base, horizontal surface area. As necessary, these infant strollers are a superb option if you still require a model for brushes.
For older children, that can already remain on their own, they will certainly stroller. In her child will certainly have the ability to sit, yet the degree of the angle of the backrest could be changed, for instance, if in the process of riding your youngster he wants to take the stairs. Yet we should bear in mind that the baby strollers are suitable for youngsters at a particular age (6-8 months as well as over).
Much more universal supply - stroller-transformer. These models are special design, what could actually be transformed from a classic baby stroller and also back. However they likewise have a disadvantage - many weights. Additionally, a design 2 in 1 as well as 3 a 1. Commercially and extra easily supplies a version of this type of habits that is composed of different modules, and also could include cradle for transportation and seats.
When picking a how to choose a stroller from the acknowledged brand name as well as self-confidence, you could see to it that when it is used to produce it as long as feasible to generate top quality and also secure for child supplies. Additionally, an upholstery fabric and its essential filling and also the type of metal made use of to develop the structure and also chassis transport. The product needs to include strength, ability to hold high tons, along with conveniently. As a result, many light weight aluminum alloy firms make use of special, and also in uncommon situations - polymers.
Framework should have shock absorption, or else, the infant could find unfortunate resonance. Wheelchairs usually have the very best cross-country capacity with blow up rubber wheels.
Furthermore, you need to take notice of the weight of the infant stroller. Think of how to take it on your floor, whether you have a lift in the entryway. The very best product weight should be about 10-15 kgs, depending upon the design and various other attributes.


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Help us to support more Family Carers in Norfolk.
At Norfolk Family Carers, we rely heavily on grants, funding and donations to help us support family carers in Norfolk. Our help can make a big difference to someone who is looking after a relative and needs extra support to continue in their caring role.
No gift is too small to make a lasting difference – we are grateful for every act of generosity and every penny we receive.
A small contribution might allow us to support a husband caring for his wife at the end of her life, to help a daughter – new to caring – to understand about her rights as a carer at work and find out about respite, or to help a young adult carer enjoy some of the experiences he or she may miss out on because of his or her caring role.
This means making a gift of the remainder of your estate once all other bequests, debts and inheritance taxes have been paid.
This is any gift of money you wish to make where the actual amount to be donated is stipulated in your will.
This is a document containing an alteration or addition to your existing will.
Whichever method you use it is vital to specify Norfolk Family Carers, registered charity number 1155684, otherwise your bequest may go elsewhere.
Should you wish to discuss any aspect of leaving a legacy to Norfolk Family Carers, please contact us to talk it through on (01603) 219924 or you can email us at info@norfolkfamilycarers.org.