Living with Chemical Sensitivities can be anything from an annoying inconvenience to an unbearable daily nightmare depending on the severity of the condition. Someone with very mild sensitivities may be able to function quite well in society. They may experience symptoms only briefly and intermittently, and may only have reactions when exposed to extremely potent substances or very large quantities of chemicals and fragrances.
However, the experience of CS varies greatly and many individuals suffer from moderate to very severe symptoms that create radical limitations in their daily living. They often react to very small amounts of chemicals and fragrances in their environment and become quickly debilitated when exposed to common personal care products, smoke, and industrial chemicals. Many have reactions that last several days or longer after an exposure and, as the condition worsens, many become so sick that they experience symptoms all the time. Chemically sensitive people who don't respond to treatment have to be very careful to avoid peoples, places, and things that would trigger a reaction and because of this, many become partially or completely housebound.
To fully understand what it is like to live with Chemical Sensitivities, it is important that you understand the concept of "off-gassing." When a new product contains chemicals, it releases those chemicals into the air for a certain period of time. This is known as off-gassing or out-gassing. People with CS generally have difficulty with anything new and often need to wash and soak these products multiple times or leave the products outside or in another room for many weeks or months before they can use them. This includes new clothes, books, blankets and other bedding, mattresses and other furniture, computers and other electronics, housing fixtures, appliances, etc.
Let's take a detailed look at how living with CS affects each area of a person's life.
It is often incredibly difficult for someone with Chemical Sensitivities to find safe housing, meaning a home, apartment, or other living situation that will not exacerbate symptoms. There are numerous chemicals used in building, furnishing, and maintaining a house or apartment building, and for someone with Chemical Sensitivities, these can affect the body for many years after construction. They generally have to look for a house that is old enough to have off-gassed these chemicals or one that was built with natural, untreated materials; however, even then there are issues to consider. The presence of any amount of mold, which is highly toxic to the body, is especially difficult for people with CS.
It can take years to find a safe environment and because of this, many individuals end up temporarily or even permanently homeless or get stuck living in a place that exacerbates their symptoms and makes them progressively more ill due to the chronic exposure. Once a safe spot is found, there is still the trouble of finding safe ways to maintain and repair it, especially in rental situations where the landlord makes the decisions regarding what types of maintenance products to use.
Does the place have carpets? New or semi-new carpets off-gas many toxic chemicals, including formaldehyde. Old carpets can easily absorb and trap dust, smoke, mold, and other contaminants.
Does the place have any mold? It can be incredibly difficult to find housing with absolutely no mold, especially in certain geographical areas more prone to it. Mold can trigger many intense and incapacitating symptoms and is a common trigger of the onset of CS.
How is the level of outdoor air pollution in the area? Cities have higher levels of exhaust, continuous paving and other road work, and more people, which means more fragrances, smoke, etc. Rural areas can have different issues, such as higher mold and mildew in the air as well as the use of pesticides and similar products for farming and gardening. In any area, one needs to assess how close they are to neighbors and whether these neighbors use strong scented laundry products, use a wood stove for heat, or burn leaves or have campfires often? Smoke and laundry chemicals can travel quite far in the outdoor air and make it impossible for a chemically sensitive person to be outdoors, even on their own property. In some situations, these chemicals can even seep into the home.
Has there been any recent remodeling or refinishing such as new flooring, new windows, or fresh paint? This can be an especially difficult issue - people like to make a place look nice before they attempt to sell or rent it, but generally aren't aware that they are lacing it with toxic products.
What kind of heat is used? Many people are sensitive to specific kinds of heat (such as propane, gas, wood stoves, etc.) and certain types (such as forced hot air) tend to carry more dust with them.
Are you going to have roommates? Do they use perfume, scented laundry products, soaps, lotions, or other problematic products? Do they use strong cleaning products and are they willing to use anything different? Do they smoke?
Do other tenants smoke in the building or on the grounds? Smoke carries through windows and walls very easily and even small amounts can cause huge problems for a person with CS.
Is there a shared laundry facility on the premises? If so, what floor are you on and how close is the laundry window to your window(s)? Laundry products are some of the most potent offenders and can affect a person from quite a distance. Also, where are you going to do your laundry? People with CS generally cannot use public Laundromats or shared laundry facilities, and unless they have the money for their own washer and dryer, many often end up hand-washing their clothes in the tub or sink.
Is the place furnished? If so, it will be important to make sure the furniture is not brand new (as it will off-gas chemicals for a long time if this is the case) and also that it has not absorbed chemicals or other contaminants from the previous owner (such as pet dander, wood stove or cigarette smoke, cleaning products, mold or mildew, and even perfume and scented laundry products).
There is also the option of building a new house with only environmentally safe and low-chemical, natural based materials and furnishings. However, this is very costly and most people with CS are very low-income because of the inability to work much (or at all), and the difficulty in obtaining SSDI or Worker's Compensation.
There is now a wonderful non-profit called Re-Shelter dedicated to helping people with Chemical Sensitivities find and afford safe housing and encouraging the advancement of more natural building materials in home construction. Please check out their site for lots more information.
People who have severe Chemical Sensitivities generally experience great difficulties in the area of work. Sometimes work exposures are what make them sick to begin with. Other times, a toxic work environment makes them progressively worse and they eventually have to leave. Sometimes they can't find a job in a safe building or they are just so tired and wiped out from this illness that they don't have the energy or stamina to work.
Perfume, cologne, shampoo, soap, and scented laundry products used by coworkers, clients, and customers.
Cleaners used on floors, carpets, windows, bathrooms, desks, etc.
Air fresheners used in the building, especially bathrooms.
Furnishings used in the building, including carpets, furniture, and any new remodeling such as fresh paint, new flooring, etc. All of these off-gas many chemicals into the air. How new the building itself is will also be a factor.
Chemicals used in the actual work being performed, such as printers and photocopiers in an office job, pesticides and herbicides in landscaping or gardening jobs, and a variety of substances in construction, manufacturing, and many other types of work.
Contaminants in the building itself, especially mold, but also radon, arsenic, asbestos, etc. This is especially problematic in workplaces with poor ventilation.
The type of heat used (see section above).
There are very few jobs that a Chemically Sensitive person can do without getting sick, and unfortunately most employers do not recognize chemicals and fragrances in the workplaces as a serious problem. More and more, employers are implementing fragrance-free policies. These are a great step forward, but unfortunately perfume and cologne are just the tip of the iceberg. And when there is only one person in the workplace who is sensitive, the employer often does not see this as sufficient justification to take more serious action.
Because of the inability to work much or at all, people with severe Chemical Sensitivities often struggle to support themselves financially. This is much like any other disability. However, because Chemical Sensitivities is so misunderstood and widely unrecognized in the medical and legal communities, it is unbelievably difficult to get approved for Disability or Worker's Compensation, and this creates even more difficult financial circumstances. Then there are the endless doctor's bills and the cost of numerous supplements as they try treatment after treatment, desperately seeking to improve their health. Add to this the extra cost of more organic and natural personal care products, food, clothing, home furnishings, etc.
This financial difficulty causes a lot of problems for the Chemically Sensitive person, most especially in the area of housing. They often get stuck living in housing that is not safe for them (i.e. because of mold, other contaminants, or recent renovations) and end up getting sicker and sicker because of this. Many end up living in tents or in their cars, and many are almost continually on the prowl for safe housing.
Chemical sensitivities can be a very isolating condition to live with because of how toxic most personal care and household products have become. It is not too difficult for a chemically sensitive person to avoid using these products themselves, but to avoid being around other people that use them can be almost impossible. Perfumes and colognes, soaps and shampoos, lotions, creams, and many other products contain chemically-based fragrances that can trigger a reaction in a chemically sensitive person just from being in close proximity to someone who has used them. It often doesn't matter whether the product was used that day or a couple of days before – the residue sticks to skin and clothes and continues to emanate into the air around them. The prevalence of cigarette smokers is also a big problem.
And then there are the ever-popular laundry products, most of which are incredibly toxic (dryer sheets, liquid fabric softener, and many detergents). For many people with Chemical Sensitivities, laundry products are their biggest allergy, yet they are the hardest to avoid and often lead to incredible isolation. If only these products were eliminated from the market, and nothing else, the health of chemically sensitive people would be dramatically improved, as well as their ability to socialize, work, and lead a semi-normal life. The ingredients of many laundry detergents, dryer sheets, and liquid fabric softeners contain extremely harsh chemicals, including several that are neurotoxics, narcotics, and carcinogens, and even two that have been listed on the Environmental Protection Agency's Hazardous Waste List (see related articles by the EPA and www.sixwise.com). Someone with CS will often have a very severe reaction from being exposed to these laundry products, whether it is from sitting next to someone who uses them, walking by a Laundromat or a home where these products are being used, or simply walking down the laundry aisle in the grocery store. One other issue is that many people do not have their own laundry facilities. When using a Laundromat or a shared washer and dryer, the clothes absorb the chemicals from the products that other consumers have used. Often, people who are friends with a chemically sensitive person are willing to change laundry products so that they can safely spend time together; however, if they use a shared washer and dryer, then switching to fragrance-free laundry products might not change the smell of the clothes at all.
When spending time with friends or family, making new friends, mingling, or dating, it is virtually impossible for a chemically sensitive person to avoid exposure to these personal care and laundry products. It does not matter whether the friend laundered their outfit yesterday or two weeks ago; the residue of detergent, softener, and dryer sheets remains in the clothes and on the skin for an incredibly long time. The same is true for perfumes and colognes. Fragrance chemicals are actually absorbed into the skin of a regular user and then re-released with their sweat.
Because of all of this, a person with moderate to severe Chemical Sensitivities typically chooses to avoid spending a lot of time with people who use these products. This leads to a very small social circle and often to complete isolation. Sometimes a chemically sensitive person has no choice but to let go of valued friendships and relationships or to interact only by phone and email in order to avoid getting sick. Therefore, when friends and family are willing to change the products they use and go fragrance-free, it is an enormous blessing.
Almost everyone has experienced perfume overload. You're around someone with a massive quantity of perfume or cologne, you start to feel dizzy or your head hurts, and you absolutely have to get away. Multiply this times maybe 1,000 and you will understand the unbearable sense of isolation that plagues a person with severe Chemical Sensitivities.
If the chemically sensitive person is lucky enough to have family and friends who are willing to go fragrance-free, there is still the issue of where to get together. Many times these friends' homes are still not safe due to the chemicals contained in building materials (i.e. carpets, paint, floor varnish, etc.), the types of cleaning products used, pets, the type of heat used, household contaminants such as mold and mildew, and new furnishings in the home (i.e. new furniture or electronics). Going to restaurants, coffee shops, theaters, and other social venues can be difficult or impossible for a chemically sensitive person – there are tons of people wearing tons of scented products, there are smokers, and there are the industrial chemicals used in the construction, maintenance, and cleaning of the venue. Summer is often easier because people can gather outside and have more ventilation for the smells; but some chemically sensitive people have outdoor allergies as well and also have to be careful of the mold and mildew generated during periods of high humidity. Going to the movies, to a concert, or out dancing, all these are often unavailable to the chemically sensitive person unless they choose to expose themselves and likely have a reaction that can last many hours to many days. Many wear special types of masks designed to filter out pollutants, however these don't really solve the problem because chemicals are absorbed through the skin as well. The pain of isolation from family and friends is made worse by the inability to even be out and about in the world.
Acquiring basic material needs is an incredibly difficult process for someone with Chemical Sensitivities. The ease of going to a store, buying what you need, and actually being able to use it is simply not a luxury they can afford anymore. Shopping is usually a very substantial exposure because of the smell of the stores and all the people and products in them. Sadly, there are many stores that even pump large amounts of highly fragranced air fresheners into the store through their cooling and heating systems. For this reason, a chemically sensitive person often has someone do their shopping for them or, if this is not possible, they wear a mask and get in and out of the store as quickly as possible.
Once the items have been purchased, there is still a long ways to go. Most products are full of chemicals that have been used in their production, and therefore need to be off-gassed for a considerable amount of time before they can be used. This includes clothing, books and magazines, blankets and other bedding, couches and other furniture, computers and other electronics, housing fixtures, and appliances. Because of this, it can take a very long time to find products that will be safe for the chemically sensitive person. Some will take just a few days or weeks to off-gas, but many can take several months or longer before the person can be around them without getting sick.
Clothing is especially tricky. When bought new, it is laced with all the chemicals used in production, including formaldehyde. Clothing made from cotton and other natural fabrics often contain remnants of the pesticides used in growing the fibers. Synthetic fibers like polyester, rayon, and nylon, are chemically based and generally to be avoided. Even used clothing is a problem as it usually contains the chemicals and fragrances from the previous owner's personal care and laundry products. People with CS have to wash and soak new clothing dozens of times before it is wearable, or they may purchase clothing made from organic fabrics and more natural production practices. Sadly, there are severely chemically sensitive people who end up spending most of their time naked.
Transportation can be difficult for a chemically sensitive person because of the use of petroleum based fuels and the emissions that they give off. This includes cars, trucks, public transportation such as buses and trains, and even walking and bicycling because there is still other people's exhaust to deal with. Many chemically sensitive people are able to drive but have to take precautions to ensure they are breathing in as little exhaust as possible. Because of high levels of exhaust (and other issues), many choose to live in a rural or suburban setting.
Car and truck interiors are also problematic. New cars contain new carpeting and upholstery, which is full of formaldehyde and other off-gassing chemicals. Older cars contain the smells of the previous owner(s), which can include smoke, air fresheners, perfume, cologne, or scented laundry products. Car interiors are notorious for poor air quality because of the small, contained space and because of the large amount of porous material that can absorb and trap unwanted smells. For someone who is very sensitive, car shopping can be a nightmare and riding in other people's vehicles may not be an option.
Many chemically sensitive people also are sensitive to electric and electronic devices, such as computers, cell phones, televisions, microwaves, etc. This sensitivity occurs because of the EMF's (electro-magnetic fields), RF's (radio frequency), wireless signals (such as wi-fi) and radiation being emitted from these devices. In many instances, these fields/signals can interact negatively with the bodily systems of a healthy person, without their awareness. However, for a person whose body is weakened by other illness, the effects can become very pronounced. Symptoms occur when using these devices (or when within their vicinity) and can include headaches, brain fog, fatigue, memory lapse, emotional and cognitive disturbance, and much more. Generally, a chemically sensitive person becomes very isolated and must turn to the telephone and the internet to maintain relationships and a sense of human connection. But for someone who is EMF sensitive as well, computers and sometimes even telephones may not be an option, thus leading to even more extreme isolation. Someone with severe EMF sensitivity can also react when in close proximity to power lines, electrical wiring, appliances, and anything that uses large amounts of electrical power.
It is important to note that computers can be harmful for other reasons aside from EMF's. Hard drives and other interior parts are largely composed of toxic heavy metals which are heated up with use and then emitted through the cooling fan. Computer exteriors are all plastic and thus off-gas chemicals into the air, especially when new. Therefore, even chemically sensitive people without EMF sensitivity often have to limit their computer use or only use rebuilt or older systems. You can find more information on chemicals in electronics at the GreenPeace Campaign for Greener Electronics.
Chemical Sensitivities is a very disabling condition that can impose drastic limitations in a person's life. Many with this condition experience constant pain and sickness along with the relentless frustration of not being able to improve their health or live a normal life no matter how hard they try.
Many have had to let go of so much in their lives in order to preserve their health, including valued friendships and relationships, work, recreation, and community involvement. They may have no way of feeling connected to society or useful to the world. Many even have family and friends who don't understand the condition and resort to criticism and avoidance to deal with it. For far too many, it may feel as if there is nothing left to live for.
There is also the constant stress of going to doctor after doctor and trying so many different treatments, especially when most doctors' offices can make a chemically sensitive person pretty sick. Many are trying to navigate the health care system with very little energy and often, because of how little recognition and understanding this condition gets in the medical community, they end up having to be their own doctor and do a lot of their own research on top of everything else.
Add to this the enormous financial stress of being disabled by a condition that most governmental and social service agencies don't even believe is real, and therefore being unable to get financial support or having to exhaust themselves in the process. Many can't even afford safe housing (or there isn't any available), and end up living in a home that is actually worsening their condition day by day.
People with CS are almost always under a great deal of stress and are constantly expending more energy than they have as they search for ways to get better, ways to avoid getting worse, ways to cope with pain and sickness, safe places to be, safe products to buy, ways to be in the world without getting sick, and ways to maintain any sense of meaning and fulfillment from their lives.
If you know someone with Chemical Sensitivities, one of the many ways you can be of help is to offer emotional support. For more information, see Other Ways You Can Help People With Chemical Sensitivities.


text:
Kelly Rowland To Miss This Weekend's X Factor
The judge is poorly…
Saturday, October 29, 2011 - 10:32
Kelly Rowland will miss The X Factor this weekend due to a viral throat infection.
The illness has meant the Destiny's Child singer isn't well enough to fly; she has been in LA this week for meetings.
CHECK OUT THE 2011 X FACTOR FINALISTS HERE!
The singer's spokesperson broke the news in a statement. "Kelly is devastated she won't be here for this weekend's show. She is extremely ill with a viral throat infection and her doctors aren't permitting her to fly," it read.
"Kelly will be returning to the show as soon as she has recovered. The girls have been in touch to wish her a speedy recovery and they can't wait for her to get back. More news as we have it."
The lady herself spoke to The Sun about the illness, saying doctors were concerned for her welfare. "I've been in tears all week. It got so bad that I stopped eating and drinking and got so dehydrated the doctor put me on a drip," Kelly explained. "Even now I can't swallow anything - not even my own saliva. The doctors don't even really know what's wrong, either. They say whatever I have is extremely rare."
But rumours persist that the star's no-show is due to her apparent feud with fellow judge Tulisa Contostavlos, after a nasty bust-up during last week's shows.
Kelly had been due to return from LA on Thursday to have peace talks with the N-Dubz singer and was reportedly keen to "clear the air".
More From Kelly Rowland
2009 Throwback: These Songs All Turn 10 In 2019
Here's What The Ladies From Destiny's Child Are Up To Now
Destiny's Child: Where Are They Now?
No Girls Aloud?! Cheryl 'Set To Become Only Female X Factor Judge'
If Oasis Can Reform, Why Can't These Seven Bands Do The Same?
Beyoncé Is Already The Coolest Auntie To Kelly Rowland's Newborn Son
It's A Boy! Kelly Rowland Welcomes Son Titan Jewell
Kelly Rowland Shows Off Baby Bump In Naked Photo Shoot
Kelly Rowland On Destiny's Child Reunion: "I Was Really Happy"
Kelly Rowland Talks Reuniting With Beyonce And Michelle Williams
Dirty Laundry [Explicit]
Destiny's Child 'Could Record New Album'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Abstract The restructuring of service delivery systems is a feature of British Columbia since the 1980s. This restructuring in rural and small town places exacerbates challenges already faced by residents and service providers. This paper examines the connections between the New Emerging Team for Health in Rural and Northern British Columbia (NETHRN-BC) (Hanlon & Halseth) and 'Warmth of Welcome' projects (Nolin & Halseth). The purpose of the NETHRNBC project is to explore the social determinants of rural health. The UNBC component of this research examines formal and informal care networks for individuals and households under stress. Preliminary findings suggest that: (1) service reduction results from restructuring; (2) the voluntary structure in rural communities is unstable, and; (3) there is a growing reliance on partnerships within service provision.The 'Warmth of Welcome' research project examines the immigration and settlement process, social and economic integration, and retention experiences of immigrants and refugees in northern British Columbia. Immigrant settlement patterns and experiences have implications for the delivery of employment, education, health, and other services. Settlement patterns in rural and small city regions are also important factors to consider because of limited services availability. Upon review of the key themes from the NETHRN-BC project for 2005 and 2006 and the 'Warmth of Welcome' project, it is apparent that: (1) access to care services is difficult for northern residents; and (2) access to care services is exacerbated for new immigrants because of language, mobility, and lack of specific services.


If platform users will use Navigator offline, conda environment creation will be limited to the packages available in their package cache. Using Navigator in offline mode is equivalent to using the create, install, remove, and update conda commands with the --offline flag so that conda does not connect to the internet. If your users will use Navigator offline, you may want to change the Navigator icons that link to the web.
NOTE: If Navigator detects that internet access is not available, it automatically enables offline mode. Users can also select Anaconda Navigator > Preferences and check the Enable offline mode option to work in offline mode any time, even when internet access is available.
If platform users will use conda to install packages, they can configure conda to search a specific set of channels for packages.
As an Administrator, you can also configure conda at the system level, which will override any user-level configuration.
By default, Navigator includes icons linking to the GitHub, YouTube, and Twitter pages of Anaconda Inc. Users can change or remove these links by editing the configuration file located here: HOME_DIR/.anaconda/navigator/anaconda-navigator-config.yml.
The configuration file uses key-value pairs in the form key: value, such as github_url: https://github.com. Each of the three values github_url youtube_url and twitter_url may be set to any URL or null. If the value is null, Navigator does not display that icon.
As an Administrator, you can create a configuration file for Navigator to enable users to access the Enterprise repository and set additional parameters that are not exposed in the preferences dialog. This main configuration file stores all user preferences for Navigator, and is located here: ~/.anaconda/navigator/anaconda-navigator.ini.
The configuration file includes main and home sections, each containing sets of key-value pairs in .ini format.
default_anaconda_api_url: This points to the internal Anaconda Repository API endpoint.
NOTE: This URL must end with /api— it is not simply the homepage of your instance. This API reads the configuration data from your instance to set UI behavior and text, such as the Sign in to… link in the the top right corner of the Navigator window.
default_ssl_certificate — This can be set to True, False, or a path to an existing and valid SSL certificate file.
twitter_url — This can be configured to point to your company's account, or be set to None to display no icon.
youtube_url — This can be configured to point to your company's account, or be set to None to display no icon.
github_url — This can be configured to point to your company's account, or be set to None to display no icon.
vscode_enable — This can be set to True or False, based on whether you want to enable or disable VSCode from appearing on the Home tab and making queries to the Microsoft endpoint from within the application.
After making your changes, save and close the .ini file, then launch Navigator to update the .condarc and anaconda-client configurations to reflect the customized settings you've specified within it.


text:
Plant Questionnaire
Realtor Concierge
Customer Care Plan
Types Of Landscape Professionals
Team G7
Team G7 is a landscape design-build company that works with clients seeking unique and creative solutions to their hardscape, softscape, and swimming pool needs.
Since 1969, Philip Lizarraga, Team G7's Creative & Managing Team Leader, has been providing creative landscape solutions to discerning clients in Hawaii and California. In 2010, he launched Team G7 to carry on his tradition of excellence in the San Diego area. Philip has assembled a very talented team of landscape designers and construction craftsmen, many of whom have worked with him and Team G7 for more than 35 years.
Philip Lizarraga, Creative & Managing Team Leader
Philip started his landscaping career in Hawaii, at the age of 20. Right from the beginning, he showed a flair for creating uniquely beautiful landscapes that reflect the heartbeat of his clients. Today, 46 years later, Philip has honed his skills and assembled a best-in-class team to become the premier landscape design-build company in the San Diego region. Other important parts of his life are his family and faith, both of which contribute to his commitment to live life with integrity and passion. Philip loves people, and his clients feel it, which is why many of them come back for more — 10, 20 and 30 years later.
"People don't care how much you know, until they know how much you care."
Philip@TeamG7.com
Gary Phillips, Creative Team Leader
Gary has been intrigued with landscaping all his life, beginning at the age of six, when he transplanted some neighbor's beautiful flowers into his family's somewhat plain yard so they too could have a beautiful "garden." His interest in plants and plant culture continued during high school, when he ran an orchid business, and later at Cal Poly in San Luis Obispo, where he expanded his knowledge in landscape technology, design, and commercial plant production. While in school, Gary worked for Western Landscape Construction as a landscape designer, and after graduation, he accepted a position with the city of Oceanside, where his responsibilities included park development and design. After 10 years, Gary joined the private sector, working with Team G7 to create incredible projects. Being part of such a dynamic team, since 2014, is a privilege he takes very seriously.
"I didn't realize as a child that the world of landscape would be my lifelong vocation, but I'm happy to say it still brings me the same joy I experienced back then."
Gary@TeamG7.com
David Heiliger, Extraordinary Partner
David has more than 28 years of construction experience. He is co-owner of Sierra Contracting in Escondido, a company that has specialized in retail construction since 1991. David earned his bachelor's degree in business and construction management from Nebraska's Kearney State College. He recently partnered with Team G7 because of his great respect for Philip. More than 20 years ago, David and his wife were so impressed with the design-build landscape work Philip did for their backyard, that when they recently decided to do extensive landscape work on their new home, they retained Team G7. The result was so spectacular that David decided to become a part owner and consultant with Team G7. He feels it is a blessing to be an integral part of this dynamic company.
"Building trust with clients is just as important as building their project, and developing a relationship that will stand the test of time does not happen overnight."
Catarino Barron, Construction Team Leader
Catarino was born in Mexico City, but he is from the state of Queretaro, where he lived until he was 14. He then went back to the city of his birth, where he started to work in construction and follow in his father's footsteps. His dad taught him everything he knew and by the time he was 16, he became a mason and increasingly successful because of hard work. Shortly after that, Catarino came to the U.S. and took up construction again at the age of 20, becoming a foreman at 22. At that point, he had two dreams: to become a contractor and a U.S. citizen. Both came true. Catarino has used his professional construction and gardening skills to delight Team G7 clients since 2013.
"The three most important things to me now are God, my family and my job."
At Team G7, our landscape design-build work revolves around our five core values:
Honor God. We seek to apply God's standards of right and wrong in everything we do — professionally and personally.
Honor and Serve Our Clients. We are committed to treating our clients with the utmost integrity, honesty, and respect — by listening to learn their needs and desires; working hard to ensure excellent, on-time results; and exceeding their expectations.
Honor and Serve Our Internal Team. We view our internal staff as family and the primary reason for our success — so we're committed to providing our team with an opportunity to grow, compensating them fairly, and treating them with loving respect.
Honor and Serve Our External Team. We view our long-term relationships with subcontractors and vendors as critical to our ability to provide masterpiece landscapes to our clients — so we will always treat them honestly and respectfully.
Be Thankful. We recognize that our clients entrust us with the privilege of serving them; our staff and affiliates lock arms with us to provide excellence to our clients; and God has given us life, love, talents, and opportunity — and for all of this, we are profoundly thankful.
The mission of Team G7 is to create masterpiece landscapes, with vision and foresight, that reflect the heartbeat of our clients.
Are You Interested in Drought Tolerant Landscaping Possibilities?
Maybe you just want to reclaim your outdoor living space as a relaxing sanctuary. Fill out the form on this page or call us today to get started on your landscaping journey.
3129 Tiger Run Court, Suite 207
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Copyright © 2019 Team G7. All Rights Reserved.


I am happy to announce By the Dark of Her Eyes is a 2017 Golden Crown Literary Society winner for Paranormal/Horror.
The evil lies dormant, waiting to be awakened. Brenna Taylor relocates to Arizona to nurse her grief and takes possession of a decrepit century-old home sitting among two hundred acres of dead citrus trees. But she unknowingly rouses an evil and stirs the darkness inside herself, a curse she's carried since childhood. With the help of Alejandra Santana, the charismatic contractor to whom she is drawn, Brenna uncovers the violent history of the land she's inherited.
Read an excerpt at Bold Strokes Books.
Purchase By the Dark of Her Eyes at Bold Strokes Books.


text:
Mission, Values & Culture
Moore Celebrates 60 Years
Land & Site Development
West Fargo – Sheyenne
Sheyenne River Diversion | Providing Protection Since 1992
Published May 13, 2022 by Nadine Swee
The Sheyenne River meanders through deep ravines in Eastern North Dakota before spilling onto the flat lake bottom of ancient Lake Agassiz where the relatively flat topography is susceptible to overland flooding.
The cities of West Fargo and Horace are protected by permanent flood protection in the form of a diversion that conveys Sheyenne River floodwaters around both communities. Construction began in the spring of 1990 and the diversion was operational by the fall of 1992. In the nearly 30-year history of the diversion, it has operated much more frequently than originally anticipated while standing strong against the record level floods of 1997, 2009, 2010, and 2011.
The Sheyenne River Diversion from Horace to West Fargo begins southwest of the City of Horace and runs north 7.5 miles to its confluence with the West Fargo Diversion just south of I-94. The West Fargo Diversion channel wraps around the western perimeter of the City of West Fargo and is nearly 13 miles in length including tieback levees. The West Fargo Diversion channel carries the flow of both the Horace to West Fargo leg as well as additional Sheyenne River inflow from immediately south of I-94. The channel rejoins the Sheyenne River north of 12th Avenue North where the flow continues toward the Red River.
The Sheyenne Diversion has provided protection for the historical footprint of West Fargo and Horace and allowed for the development of a once flood-prone area.
Key Project Facts
West Fargo Diversion
Conveys 4,600 ft³/sec (100-yr flood)
4 Structures
12.7 Miles of Protection Levees
4 Highway Bridges
6 Road Raises
2 Pumping Stations (54,000 GPM / 66,000 GPM)
1 Railroad Bridge
Horace Diversion
8 Miles of Protection Levees
7 Roads Raises
Community, Flood, Spring Flooding, Water Resources
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Powershift contains two gears and two camshafts where the camshaft integrates each other and controls the odd gears whereas the others control even gears. Powershift Transmissions initiates the operation with the first gear and turns over the camshaft whereas the traditional method the camshaft is fixed already and hover the gears that can be used during the up shifts of the vehicle.
The accelerator should be relieved in order to eliminate the binding of the gear as well as damage of the gear with each other. When the user presses the clutch then stick shift operates to upshift where the next gear is ready for the functioning in a waiting mode. Powershift transmissions perform the shifting of the gear in an enhanced way.
The clutch pedal release makes the camshaft to be engaged with the second gear and now the camshaft waits for third gear. This is repeated until it reaches the highest gear level set by the vehicle and later on turns back to first gear. Powershift transmissions reduce the wastage of fuel during the long drive carried out by the customers. Thus powershift plays a major role in controlling the vehicle which enables the shifting of the gear in an easy manner.


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The American Custom® line consists of a variety of models conceived and engineered by Vic Firth – performer and teacher.


A cover reveal blog tour post for Oceane McAllister's novel, Crown of Roses! Check it out!
Have you ever heard Red Riding Hood howl at the moon?
When Cerise, Verre, Blanca, and Aura are captured and forced to complete a near impossible task, it seems certain that their loved one's lives are as good as over.
Or seen Cinderella kill a man with just a shard of glass?
And despite meeting a dragon, internal disputes, and the fact that they're all most likely going to die, the young women grow close. Too close.
Snow White has vanquished more with her poisoned breath than her beauty.
For secrets come to light that have the power to change everything. There is a traitor in their midst, one who could potentially save or destroy them.
And Sleeping Beauty? She will bring slumber with but a touch of her hand.
Hope you're having an awesome winter! See you in the comments!


text:
Chap 5: Professor at Glasgow
The Edinburgh lectures soon bore fruit.
Mr. Loudon was the Professor of Logic in Glasgow College.
On his death in 1750, Smith was appointed to the vacant chair and began 13 years of active academic work.
It was by far the happiest, most useful, and honourable period of Smith's life.
The appointment was done by a section of the Senatus called the Faculty Professors.
Some of them had been Smith's teachers 10 years before and knew him well.
The choice was unanimous.
He was elected on January 9, 1751.
He was admitted to the office on the 16th, after reading a dissertation De origine idearum.
He signed the Westminster Confession of Faith before the Presbytery of Glasgow.
He took the usual oath De fideli to the University authorities.
But he did not begin work until the opening of the next session in October.
His engagements in Edinburgh did not permit him to undertake his duties in Glasgow earlier.
Dr. Hercules Lindsay was Smith's substitute from the start of January until the end of June, with the Senatus' sanction.
Dr. Lindsay was the Professor of Jurisprudence.
During this interval, Smith went to Glasgow repeatedly to attend meetings of the Senatus.
But he did not give any lectures to the students.
If he was relieved of his duties in the summer, he worked double tides during the winter.
Besides the work of his own class, he worked with Professor Craigie of the Moral Philosophy chair.
Professor Craigie was laid aside by ill health.
He died a few weeks after the session's start.
In both the classrooms, he was able to use the courses of lectures he had already delivered in Edinburgh.
This alleviated his double burden.
Traditionally in Scotch universities:
the chair of Logic included rhetoric and belles-lettres
the chair of Moral Philosophy included jurisprudence and politics
Smith had lectured in Edinburgh on:
rhetoric and belles-lettres, and
jurisprudence and politics.
He naturally took those as the subjects of his lectures this first session at Glasgow.
Professor John Millar was the author of the Historical View of the English Government and other great works.
He was a member of Smith's logic class that year.
He had been induced to take the class a second time because of Smith's high reputation from Edinburgh, even if he had already completed his university curriculum.
Most of the session was occupied with "the delivery of a system of rhetoric and belles-lettres." (Millar)
Jurisprudence and politics were suggested to Smith as the year's subjects when he was asked to take Professor Craigie's place.
The proposal came through Professor Cullen.
He was probably Craigie's medical attendant.
Cullen suggested those subjects as the most likely to suit Smith's convenience.
It would also save Smith some work since he had lectured on them already.
Smith agreed to take them up.
[Pg 44]
Edinburgh, Sept. 3, 1751.
I am very glad that Mr. Craigie has finally resolved to go to Lisbon.
He will soon receive all the benefits from the warmer climate.
I shall do what I can to relieve him of the burden of his class.
You mention natural jurisprudence and politics as the parts of his lectures most agreeable for me to teach.
I shall very willingly undertake both.
I want to know when he sets out for Lisbon.
If it is not before October 1, I would try to see him before he goes so that I can receive his advice on the plan that I should follow.
I would follow it as I consider myself as:
standing in his place and
representing him.
If he goes before that time, I want him to leave some directions for me with you or with Mr. Leechman.
I am, dear doctor, most faithfully yours,
Adam Smith.[27]
Smith would begin work at Glasgow on October 10.
Before mid-November he and Cullen were already deeply immersed in many little schemes for the equipment of the College.
There was the vacancy in the Moral Philosophy chair.
It was anticipated to occur immediately through the death of Mr. Craigie.
It was referred to in the following letter as "the event we are afraid of."
Cullen and Smith wanted to see this vacancy filled by Smith's transfer from the Logic to the Moral Philosophy chair.
The Principal (Dr. Neil Campbell) seems to have:
concurred in that proposal
mentioned Smith to the Duke of Argyle, Duke Archibald.
The Duke was better known by his earlier title: the Earl of Islay.
He was much interested in Smith's appointment, even if his only power was to appoint the Crown chairs.
But he exercised much influence over the appointment to all.
The Duke [Pg 45] was often called the King of Scotland because he practically ruled Scotland's affairs in the first half of the last century, as Dundas did in the second half.
Smith seems to have gone to Edinburgh:
to push his views with the Duke, and
to have waited on him and been introduced to him at his levee.
Then there was the affair of Hume's candidature for the Logic chair, contingent on Smith's appointment to the other.
There was the affair of the Principal's possible retirement.
It could be reversed probably in favour of Professor Leechman, mentioned in the previous letter.
Prof. Leechman did succeed to it.
Then there was Cullen's "own affair."
Smith promoted it in Edinburgh through Lord Kames (then Mr. Home).
It probably was on a method of purifying salt which Cullen:
invented, and
wanted to secure a premium for.
Lord Kames spoke to the Duke of Argyle on this subject in Cullen's behalf a few months later.
While immersed in many affairs, Smith wrote Cullen:[28]
Edin., Tuesday, November 1751.
I did not write to you on Saturday as I promised, because I was expecting Mr. Home to town.
However, he has not yet come.
I prefer David Hume for the College.
But I am afraid the public would not be of my opinion.
Society's interest requires us to have regard to public opinion.
However, if the event that we are afraid of should happen, we can see how the public receives it.
As I know of Mr. Elliot, I am pretty certain that Mr. Lindsay must have proposed it to him, not he to Mr. Lindsay.
Thank you for your concern for me in that affair.
When I saw you at Edinburgh, you talked to me of the Principal's proposal to retire.
I gave little attention to it then.
But now, I will listen to [Pg 46]any proposal of that kind.
At the meeting, I shall tell you why I changed my opinion.
I do not need to keep it a secret.
Please thank the Principal for me for his kindness in mentioning me to the Duke.
I waited on him at his levee at Edinburgh, when I was introduced to him by Mr. Lind.
But it seems he had forgotten.
I can tell you nothing particular about your own affair more than what I wrote you last until I see Mr. Home, whom I expect every moment.
I am, most dear sir, ever yours,
A. Smith.
Mr. Craigie died on November 27.
Smith was appointed Craigie's successor on April 29, 1752, without any opposition.
It seems Cullen had heard from his colleague, Professor Lindsay, of a possible rival to Smith for that chair in Mr. Gilbert Elliot.
Mr. Elliot was a man of brilliant parts and accomplishments.
He later became Sir Gilbert Elliot.
But at this time, he was a young advocate at the Edinburgh bar, with no liking for law and a great liking for letters and philosophy.
Smith was Elliot's friend.
Smith knew that Elliot had no such designs.
Eventually, his own candidature was unopposed.
But in anticipation of this result, the keenest contest was carried on all winter over the election to the Logic chair, which he was to leave.
David Hume came forward as a candidate.
There is an erroneous, though curiously well-supported tradition that Edmund Burke was a candidate also.
Bisset was one of Burke's biographers.
He says that Burke actually applied for the post, but he was too late.[29]
Prior was his other biographer.
He says that Burke:
was in Scotland at the time, and
took some steps for the place.
But he found his chances hopeless and withdrew[30]
Professor Jardine was a subsequent chair himself.
He asserts that Burke was thought of by [Pg 47]some of the electors.
But he never really came forward.[31]
Smith was the previous occupant of the office and one of the electors of his successor, as Professor of Moral Philosophy.
He stated explicitly to Dugald Stewart (as Stewart wrote to Prior[32])
"that the story was extremely current.
But he did not know its origin.
He suspected it came from Burke's opinion at Glasgow on the publication of his own book on the Sublime and Beautiful, that Burke would be a great acquisition to the College if he accepted a chair."
Had anything been known in Glasgow of Burke's candidature for a chair there five years before, it would be remembered because of the publication of such a notable work.
But Burke's very name was so unfamiliar to the circle interested in the election.
When Hume first met Burke in London in 1759, he mentions him in a letter to Smith as "a Mr. Burke, an Irish gentleman who has written a very pretty book on the Sublime and Beautiful."[33]
Hume's interest in the contest for the candidature of the best philosopher.
Smith must have been engrossed in it, since he was Hume's friend.
In his letter to Cullen, he is very cautious about it.
He knew that the appointment of a notorious sceptic like Hume might be so unpopular with the Scottish public.
It might injure the University's interests.
But when Hume came forward, Cullen threw his own heart and soul into his cause, as we know from Hume's own acknowledgments.
If Cullen and Smith acted in concert at the initiation of the candidature, Smith would not have lagged behind Cullen in the prosecution of the canvass. [Pg 48].
However, their exertions failed.
Hume always believed it was due to the Duke of Argyle's interference.
The chair was given to a young licentiate of the Church named Clow.
He was then entirely unknown.
He never afterwards established any public reputation.
Smith's preference for the Moral Philosophy chair came mainly from preference for the subjects he taught.
But the emoluments also seem to have been better.
Smith was required to content himself until October 10 of that year (the opening day of the new session) "with the salary and emoluments of his present profession of Logic,"
Even though he might be actually admitted to the other professorship before October 10.
However, his new office's emoluments were not very much.
They accrued:
partly from a moderate endowment and
partly from the fees paid by the students who attended the lectures.
It was a principle of academic payment which Smith always considered the best.
Because it made the lecturer's income largely dependent on his diligence and success in his work.
The endowment was probably no more than that of the Mathematical chair which was £72 a year.[34]
The fees probably never exceeded £100.
Dr. Thomas Reid was Smith's successor in the Moral Philosophy chair.
He writes an Aberdeen friend, after two years' experience of Glasgow, that he:
had more students than Smith ever had.
had already touched £70 of fees, but expected, when all the students arrived, to make £100 that session.[35]
The income from fees in the Scotch chairs in the 18th century seems to have varied from session to session.
A bad harvest would sometimes [Pg 49]seriously impact the attendance.
The great crisis of 1772 was the succession of bad harvests.
They were aggravated by ruinous mercantile speculations.
This deprived Adam Ferguson in the Edinburgh Moral Philosophy chair of half his usual income from fees.
In those days, a professor used to lose regularly many pounds a year by light money.
When Lord Brougham paid his fee to Black as a young chemistry student in Edinburgh, Black weighed the guineas carefully on a weighing machine.
"I am obliged to weigh when strange students come.
Many bring light guineas to defraud me of many pounds every year if I did not defend myself against them."[36] (Black)
Smith kept an occasional boarder in his house.
He would make a trifle by that.
But his regular income from his class work would not exceed £170 a year.
However, £170 a year was a very respectable income then and in 1750.
Only 29 ministers in all Scotland had as much as £100 a year.
The highest stipend in the Church was only £138.[37]
Besides his salary, Smith had a house in the College.
It was one of those new manses in the Professors' Court which Glasgow people then considered very grand.
He changed his house three times in his 13 years' professorship.
When a house fell vacant for the professors, it was the custom to get their choice of it in the order of their academical seniority.
There seems to have been no compulsion about the step.
So that it is not beneath noticing that Smith should in so short a term have elected to make the three removes which proverbial [Pg 50]wisdom deprecates.
In 1756, Smith was next in seniority.
He had been made professor in Glasgow and moved to Cullen's house when Cullen was transferred to Edinburgh
He then quit this house in 1757 for the house of Dr. Dick, Professor of Natural Philosophy, who died in that year.
He left Dick's house in turn for Dr. Leechman's, on the promotion of that divine to the Principalship in 1762.
These houses are now demolished with the rest of the old College of Glasgow.
We cannot see the levels of comfort he had during these successive changes.
They might have been preferred by his mother and his aunt Miss Jane Douglas and not by Smith himself.
Both lived with him in Glasgow.
He aimed to gratify their smallest wishes.
In Smith's day there were only some 300 students at Glasgow College.
The Moral Philosophy chair alone never had more than 80 or 90 in the public class, and 20 in the private.
The public class was not a free class like in on the Continent.
It really was the dearer of the two.
The fee in the private class was only a guinea.
The fee of the public class was 1.5 guineas.
The public class was the ordinary class taken for graduation and other purposes.
It was obligatory by academic authority.
The private was a special class with the Senatus' permissionfor those who wished to:
push the subject further and
harmonise this account of them with what has been previously said of the income Smith drew from fees,
Many of the students who attended these classes paid no fees, according to a custom which still prevails in Scotch universities
and by which one was considered a civis of a class he had attended for two years, and might thereafter attend it whenever he chose without charge.
Many in this way attended the Moral[Pg 51] Philosophy class four or five years.
Dr. Reid informs us that among them many preachers and advanced students of divinity and law.
He confesses that he used to stand in awe to speak to without the most careful preparation.
The College session was then longer than it is now.
It extended from October 10 to June 10.
The classes began at once earlier in the morning and continued later at night.
Smith commenced his labours before daybreak by his public class from 7.30 to 8.30 A.M.
He then held an hour's exam at 11 A.M. on that morning's lecture.
But only 1/3 of the students of the morning class habitually came to the exam.
He met with his private class twice a week on a different subject at 12.
Besides these, Smith seems to have occasionally read for an hour like a tutor with special pupils.
Ascanius was a pen name of a former pupil of Smith.
He writes his memory of Smith to the Bee's editor in June 1791.
He went to Glasgow College after going through the classes at St. Andrews, Edinburgh, and even Oxford, so that he might,
"after the manner of the ancients:
walk in the porticoes of Glasgow with Smith and Millar and
be imbued with the principles of jurisprudence, law, and philosophy.
I passed most of my time at Glasgow with those two first-rate men.
Smith read private lectures to me on jurisprudence.
He accompanied them with his commentaries in conversation.
I hope those exercises will give an eternal colour and substance to my sentiments and reason."
This enthusiastic disciple is the eccentric and bustling Earl of Buchan.
He was the elder brother of:
Lord Chancellor Erskine, and
the witty and greatly beloved Harry Erskine of the Scotch bar,
He was the subject of the Duchess of Gordon's well-known[Pg 52] mot:
"The wit of your family has come by the mother, and been all settled on the younger branches."
We know that the Earl of Buchan was a Bee contributor under fake signatures because he republished some of his contributions.
He attended Smith's class at Glasgow. (The Earl's letter to Pinkerton, the historian).
He saw then the book, the memoirs of Lockhart of Lee, in Smith's library.
Lockhart of Lee was Cromwell's ambassador to France.
He was the famous advocate later known as Lord Covington.
Pinkerton could not find a copy of that book anywhere .
That book had been suppressed at the instance of Lockhart because the family:
had turned Jacobite, and
disliked the association with the Commonwealth.[38]
(This was according to Sir James Steuart, the economist who was the Earl's maternal uncle).
The Earl attended Glasgow in 1760.
But he must have continued there more than one session.
For he attended the lectures of Millar and Smith.
Millar was not there until the session 1761-62.
He most likely met Dr. Alexander Carlyle with Smith at a large supper party in April 1763.
Carlyle whispered to Smith that he wondered how he could set the Earl so high when he appeared to be so foolish.
Smith answered, "We know that perfectly, but he is the only lord in our College."
Lord Buchan says Smith read private lectures to him.
Smith's public lectures he was not accustomed to read in any of his classes.
But he seems [Pg 53]to have found it more convenient in:
teaching a single pupil to read them, and
interposing oral comments and illustrations as he went along.
Others of Smith's old students besides Lord Buchan express their obligations to the conversations they had with him.
Dugald Stewart used to decline to see his students because he found them too quarrelsome.
He disliked disputing with them on the correctness of the doctrines he taught. (Brougham)
But Smith was extremely accessible.
He even habitually:
sought out the abler men among them,
invited them to his house,
discussed with them various subjects, and
entered sympathetically into their views and plans of life.
John Millar mentioned Smith in his Historical View of the English Government.
"I am happy to acknowledge my obligations under Smith by:
having early benefit of his lectures on the history of civil society, and
enjoying his unreserved conversation on it."[39] (Millar)
Millar was one of Smith's favourite pupils.
After obtaining the chair of Jurisprudence in his old College, he was one of his chief associates.
Smith held so high an opinion of Millar's unique powers as a stimulating teacher that he sent his cousin, David Douglas, to Glasgow College to attend Millar's lectures and conversation.
Jeffrey used to say:
that the most bracing exercises a Glasgow student underwent in those days were the supper debates at Professor Millar's house, and
that Millar's works able and learned
But "they did not reveal that magical vivacity which made his conversation and lectures full of delight than of instruction."
Millar always refused to accept Smith's doctrine of free trade.
But he was the most effective [Pg 54]and influential apostle of Liberalism in Scotland then.
Jeffrey's father could never forgive himself for having put his son to Glasgow.
He was strictly forbidden to enter Millar's classroom.
But "the mere vicinity of Millar's influence" had sent him back a Liberal.[40]
From Millar, we obtain the fullest account of:
Smith's qualities as a lecturer and
the substance of Smith's lectures.
"In the professorship of logic, Smith soon saw the need to:
depart widely from the plan followed by his predecessors,
direct his pupils' attention to studies of a more interesting and useful nature than the logic and metaphysics of the schools.
The explanation of the ancient logic was needed to gratify curiosity through an artificial method of reasoning.
It used to occupy the learned's universal attention.
Smith spent the rest of his time delivering a system of rhetoric and belles-lettres after:
exhibiting a general view of mind's powers, and
explaining the ancient logic." (Millar)
In moral philosophy "his lectures were divided into four.
Natural theology
It had:
the proofs of God's being and attributes, and
those principles of the human mind on which religion is founded.
Ethics.
It had the doctrines which he afterwards published in his Theory of Moral Sentiments.
The branch of morality which relates to justice.
It has precise rules.
It thus can be fully explained." (Millar)
"On this subject, he followed the plan seemingly [Pg 55] suggested by Montesquieu.
He tried to:
trace the gradual progress of public and private jurisprudence, from the rudest to the most refined ages, and
point out the effects of those arts which contribute to subsistence and to the accumulation of property, in producing correspondent improvements or changes in law and government.
He intended to give this to the public.
It was mentioned in the conclusion of the Theory of Moral Sentiments.
But he did not live to fulfill it.
"In his last lectures, he examined those political regulations which are founded on the principle of expediency, not of justice.
They are calculated to increase a state's riches, power, and prosperity.
Under this, he considered the political institutions relating to:
commerce,
finances,
ecclesiastical and military establishments.
Those subjects were afterwards published as An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations."[41]
Millar expresses such deep obligation for the third part of those lectures on the history of civil society.
Professor Richardson was the Humanity chair in Glasgow.
He was another pupil of Smith.
He was a minor poet of considerable acceptance in his day.
He also speaks with lively gratitude, particularly of those "on the nature of those political institutions that succeeded the Roman Empire's downfall.
It included a historical account of the rise and progress of the most conspicuous modern European governments."[42]
Richardson also tells us that Smith gave courses of lectures on:
the history of philosophy, and
belles-lettres.
He apparently continued to use his old lectures on this last subject occasionally even after his [Pg 56]translation from the chair to which they properly appertained,
and that he was very fond of digressing into literary criticism from his lectures on any subject.
"Dr. Smith's students will happily remember many of those incidental and digressive illustrations and discussions in morality and criticism.
He delivered them:
with animated and extemporaneous eloquence as question and answer, and
with much display of learning and knowledge, in his explanations of those philosophical works,
Those works were also a very useful and important subject of examination in the moral philosophy class."[43] (Richardson)
Millar describes Smith as a lecturer:—
Mr. Smith's abilities appeared at its greatest advantage as a professor.
In delivering his lectures he trusted almost entirely to extemporary elocution.
His manner was not graceful.
But it was plain and unaffected.
He seemed to be always interested in the subject.
He never failed to interest his hearers.
Each discourse consisted commonly of several distinct propositions which he successively tried to prove and illustrate.
When announced in general terms, these propositions frequently had the air of a paradox.
In his attempts to explain them, he often appeared initially not to sufficiently know of the subject.
He spoke with some hesitation.
However, as he advanced, his manner became warm and animated.
His expression became more easy and fluent.
On points susceptible of controversy you could easily discern that he secretly conceived an opposition to his opinions
and that he was led upon this account to support them with greater energy and vehemence.
By the fulness and variety of his illustrations, the subject gradually [Pg 57] swelled in his hands.
It acquired a dimension which, without a tedious repetition of the same views, was calculated to:
seize the audience's attention and
afford them pleasure and instruction in following the same subject through the diversity of shades and aspects it was presented in.
Afterwards, in tracing it backwards to that original proposition or general truth from which this beautiful train of speculation had proceeded."[44]
Smith apparently told a little peculiarity in his way of lecturing to Archibald Alison the elder.
Alison then told it to the late Archdeacon Sinclair:
Smith used to acknowledge that in lecturing, he was more dependent on his hearers' sympathy than most professors.
He would sometimes select one of his students who had more mobile and expressive features than the rest.
He would use him as an unsuspecting gauge of the class' intelligence and interest.
"During one whole session, a student with a plain but expressive countenance was very useful to me in judging of my success.
He sat conspicuously in front of a pillar.
I had him constantly under my eye.
If he leaned forward to listen, all was right.
I knew that I had the ear of my class.
But if he leaned back in an attitude of listlessness I felt at once that
all was wrong and
I must change:
the subject or
the style of my address."[45] (Smith)
The majority of his students were young men preparing for the Presbyterian ministry.
1/3 of them were Irish dissenters who were unfairly excluded from the university of their own country.
But they appear to have been no very worthy accession to the University of Glasgow.
Smith did not complain against them from.
But they were a sore trial to Hutcheson and Reid.
Reid always felt in lecturing those "stupid Irish teagues" as[Pg 58] St. Anthony must have felt when he preached to the fishes,[46]. (Reid)
Hutcheson writes a friend in the north of Ireland:
that his Irish students were far above taking any interest in their work, and
that although he had "five or six young gentlemen from Edinburgh, men of fortune and fine genius, studying law, these Irishmen thought them poor bookworms."[47]
Smith had probably even more of this stamp of law students than Hutcheson.
Henry Erskine and his elder brother attended his class on jurisprudence.
Boswell was there in 1759.
He was made very proud by the certificate he received from Smith at the session's close.
It stated that he, Mr. James Boswell, was "happily had a facility of manners."[48]
After the publication of the Theory of Moral Sentiments, students came from even farther.
Lord Shelburne was its enthusiastic admirer.
He sent his younger brother, the Honourable Thomas Fitzmaurice, for a year or two to study under Smith, before sending him to Oxford in 1761 to read law with Sir William Blackstone.
Mr. Fitzmaurice married the Countess of Orkney.
He is father of the present Orkney family.
He rose to a considerable political position.
He would have risen higher but for falling into ill health in the prime of life and remaining a complete invalid until his death in 1793.
But he never forgot the years he spent as a student in Smith's class and a boarder in Smith's house.
Dr. Currie was the well-known author of the Life of Burns.
He was his medical attendant in Smith's latter years.
Dr. Currie says his conversation always turned back to his early life, particularly to the pleasant period he had spent under Smith's roof in Glasgow.
However, Currie has not recorded any reminiscences of those conversations.[49]
Two Russian students came in 1762.
Smith had twice to [Pg 59]give them an advance of £20 apiece from the College funds, because their remittances had got stopped by the war.
Tronchin was the eminent physician of Geneva.
He was the friend of Voltaire and the enemy of Rousseau.
He sent his son to Glasgow in 1761 purposely "to study under Mr. Smith,"
This is according to a letter of introduction to Baron Mure which the young man received before starting from Colonel Edmonston of Newton, who was at the time resident in Geneva.
Voltaire said that Tronchin was "a great physician, who knows the mind."
Tronchin must have formed a high idea of the Theory of Moral Sentiments to send his son so far.
His son unintentionally caused the famous quarrel between Rousseau and Hume, while on his way back from Glasgow.
His son was living with Professor Rouet of Glasgow, at Miss Elliot's lodging-house in London.
Hume brought Rousseau there in January 1866.
The moment Rousseau saw the son of his old enemy in the same house, he concluded that:
the young Tronchin was a spy, and
the good and benevolent Hume was weaving some infernal web around him.
Smith's popularity as a lecturer grew year by year.
It was felt that another and perhaps greater Hutcheson had risen in the College.
Reid came to Glasgow to succeed him in 1764.
He wrote his friend Dr. Skene in Aberdeen that there was a great spirit of inquiry abroad among the young people in Glasgow
It is the best testimony that could be rendered of the effect of Smith's teaching.
It had taught the young people to think.
His opinions became the subjects of general discussion.
The branches he lectured on became fashionable in the town
the sons of the wealthier citizens used to go to College to take his class though they had no intention of completing a university course,
stucco busts of him appeared in the booksellers' windows, and
the very peculiarities of his voice and [Pg 60]pronunciation received the homage of imitation.
John Ramsay of Ochtertyre says one point alone caused a shaking of heads.
Smith was a friend of "Hume the atheist".
He was himself ominously reticent on religious subjects.
He did not conduct a Sunday class on Christian evidences like Hutcheson.
He would often too be seen openly smiling during divine service in his place in the College chapel (as in his absent way he might no doubt be prone to do);
Ramsay states that Smith petitioned the Senatus on his first appointment in Glasgow to be relieved of the duty of opening his class with prayer.
The petition was rejected/
His opening prayers were always thought to "savour strongly of natural religion";
His lectures on natural theology were too flattering to human pride
It and induced "presumptuous striplings to draw an unwarranted conclusion: that the great truths of theology, together with the duties which man owes to God and his neighbours, may be discovered by the light of nature without any special revelation,"[50]
as if it were a fault to show religious truth to be natural, for fear young men should believe it too easily.
No record of the alleged petition about the opening prayers and its refusal remains in the College minutes.
The story is probably nothing but a morsel of idle gossip unworthy of attention, except as an indication of the atmosphere of jealous and censorious theological vigilance in which Smith and his brother professors were then obliged to do their work.
In his lectures on jurisprudence and politics he had taught the doctrine of free trade from the first, and
not the least remarkable result of his 13 years' work in Glasgow was that before he left he had practically converted that city to his views.
Dugald Stewart was explicitly informed by Mr. James Ritchie, one of the most eminent Clyde merchants of that time, that Smith had, [Pg 61]during his professorship in Glasgow, made many of the leading men of the place convinced proselytes of free trade principles.[51]
Sir James Steuart of Coltness was the well-known economist.
After returning from his long political exile in 1763, he used to take a great practical interest in trying to enlighten his Glasgow neighbours on the economical problems that were rising about them
and having embraced the dying cause in economics as well as in politics, he sought hard to enlist them in favour of protection,
but he frankly confesses that he grew sick of repeating arguments for protection to these "Glasgow theorists," as he calls them, because he found that Smith had already succeeded in persuading them completely for the free importation of corn.[52]
Sir James Steuart was a most persuasive talker.
Smith himself said he understood Sir James's system better from his talk than from his books,[3]
those Glasgow merchants must have obtained from Smith's expositions a very clear and complete hold indeed of the doctrines of commercial freedom, when Steuart failed to shake it, and was fain to leave such theorists to their theories.
Long before the publication of the Wealth of Nations, the new light was:
shining clearly from Smith's chair in Glasgow College, and
winning its first converts in the practical world.
One can understand the emotion with which J.B. Say sat in this chair when he visited Glasgow in 1815.
After a short prayer, he said with great fervour, "Lord, let now thy servant depart in peace."[53]
According to the Smith's students in the moral philosophy class at Glasgow in 1752 or 1753, Smith delivered then the lectures containing the fundamental principles of the Wealth of Nations. (Dugald Stewart)
Cantillon's Essai was published in in 1755 [Pg 62].
Quesnay published his first economic writing in 1743.
During these years, Smith was:
expounding his system of natural liberty to his students, and
publicly asserting his claim as that system's author in a Glasgow Economic Society—
It was perhaps the first economic club established anywhere.
Smith places this claim in a paper which somehow came into Dugald Stewart's hands.
It escaped being burned before Smith's death.
But it is believed to have been destroyed by Stewart's son, very possibly after his father's directions.
Stewart thought it would be improper to publish the complete manuscript.
Because it would revive personal differences which should remain in oblivion.
Consequently, our knowledge of its contents is confined to the few sentences which Stewart quoted as a valuable evidence of the progress of Smith's political ideas at that early period.
From this small fragment of his discourse, he presents the doctrine of natural liberty in a more extreme form than it came to wear after 20 years more of thought in the Wealth of Nations.
Stewart says that many of the most important opinions in the Wealth of Nations are detailed in this document, but he cites only the following:—
"Man is generally considered by statesmen and projectors as the materials of political mechanics.
Projectors disturb nature in her operations on human affairs.
She should be left alone and be given her fair play in the pursuit of her ends that she may establish her own designs..
Not more than the following are needed to carry a state to the highest degree of affluence from the lowest barbarism:
easy taxes, and
a tolerable administration of justice.
All the rest are brought about by the natural course of things.
All governments are unnatural if they:
force things into another channel, or
try to arrest [Pg 63]the progress of society.
To support themselves, they are obliged to be oppressive and tyrannical..
Many of the opinions in this paper is treated of at length in some lectures which:
I still have by me, and
were written in the hand of a clerk who left my service six years ago.
They have all of been the constant subjects of my lectures since I first taught Mr. Craigie's class the first winter I spent in Glasgow down to this day without any considerable variations.
They had all of them been the subjects of lectures which I read at Edinburgh the winter before I left it.
I can adduce innumerable witnesses both from that place and from this who will ascertain them sufficiently to be mine."[54]
The distinction drawn in the last sentence between that place, Edinburgh, and this place, shows that the paper was read to a society in Glasgow.
Smith was a member of two societies there:
The Literary Society and
A society which we may call the Economic Society
It met to discuss economic subjects.
But we do not know its precise name.
This paper of Smith's was not read to the Literary Society.
It is not included in the published list of papers read by it
We can conclude that it was read to the Economic Society.
Smith "was anxious to establish his exclusive right" to "political and literary principles to prevent some rival claims.
He feared those rival claims.
He was liable to them because:
he was a professor, and
he has unreserved communications in private companies"
he expressed himself "with that honest and indignant warmth unavoidable in a man conscious of his intentions'purity when he suspects that the frankness of his temper has been taken advantage of." (Stewart)
It appears that someone had:
gotten hold of Smith's ideas by attending his class or frequenting his company and
had published them, or
was going to publish them as his own.
The writer of Smith's obituary in the Monthly Review for 1790 alleges that in this Glasgow period, Smith was constantly afraid of being robbed of his ideas.
If he saw any of his students take notes of his lectures, he would instantly stop him and say, "I hate scribblers."
But this is directly contradicted by Professor John Millar.
He expressly states that:
the permission to take notes was freely given by Smith to his students, and
the privilege was frequently abused.
From the permission given to students to take notes, many observations and opinions in these lectures on rhetoric and belles-lettres have either been:
detailed in separate dissertations or
engrossed in general collections which have since been given to the public.
In those days, manuscript copies of a popular professor's lectures, transcribed from his students' notebooks, were often sold in booksellers' shops.
For example, Blair's lectures on rhetoric were in general circulation in this intermediate state for years.
It was the publication of his criticism on Addison, taken from one of the unauthorised transcripts, in Kippis's Biographia Britannica, that instigated Blair to give his lectures to the press himself.
A professor was thus always liable to have his unpublished thought:
appropriated by another author without any acknowledgment or
published in such an imperfect form that he would not acknowledge it himself.
Therefore, if Smith were jealous over his rights to his own thought, Millar's observation shows him to have had at any rate frequent cause
but he was never motivated by the kind of unreasonable jealousy that he has sometimes been accused of.
If in 1755 he resented with "honest and indignant warmth" a violation of his rights, there must have been some special provocation.
Mr. James Bonar suggests that this manifesto of 1755 was directed against Adam Ferguson.
But that is not probable.
Ferguson's name will readily occur in such a connection, because Dr. Carlyle tells us that:
when he published his History of Civil Society in 1767, Smith accused him of having borrowed some of his ideas
Ferguson replied that he had borrowed nothing from Smith.
Instead he borrowed much from some French source before Smith.
But it is unlikely that Ferguson caused the offence in 1755.
Up until that year, he was generally living abroad as a chaplain with the regiment.
It is improbable that:
he began his History before returning to Scotland, or
he had time between his return and the composition of Smith's manifesto to do anything to cause such a remonstrance.
Then he is found on the friendliest footing with Smith in the years immediately following the manifesto.
Stewart's allusion to the circumstances implies a graver breach than could be healed so summarily.
Besides, had Ferguson caused the offence, Stewart would have probably avoided the subject in a paper to the Royal Society.
Ferguson was still an active member of it.
[27] Thomson's Life of Cullen, i. 605.
[29] Bisset's Burke, i. 32.
[30] Prior's Burke, p. 38.
[31]Outlines of the Philosophy of Education, p. 23.
[32] Prior's Life of Burke, Bohn's ed. p. 38.
[33] Burton's Life of Hume, ii. 55.
[34]Caldwell Papers, i. 170.
[35] Hamilton's Reid, p. 40.
[36]Brougham's Life and Times, i. 78.
[37] Chamberlayne's Angliæ Notitia for 1750.
[38] Smith's copy of this book seems to have disappeared like the others.
His cousin and heir, David Douglas, wrote Lord Buchan in January 1792:
that he had searched for it in Smith's library unsuccessfully
that the library's catalogue had since then been made.
But Lockhart's Memoirs was not in it.
Douglas's letter is in the Edinburgh University Library.
[39] Book II. chap. x.
[40] Cockburn's Life of Jeffrey, p. 12.
[41] Stewart's Works, x. 12.
[42] Richardson's Life of Arthur. See Arthur's Discourses, p. 510.
[45] Sinclair's Old Times and Distant Places, p. 9.
[47] M'Cosh, Scottish Philosophy, p. 66.
[48] Boswell's Correspondence with Erskine, p. 26.
[49] Currie's Memoirs of James Currie, M.D., ii. 317.
[50] Ramsay, Scotland and Scotsmen, i. 462, 463.
[51]Steuart's Works, vi. 379.
[52]Ibid. vi. 378.
[53] Dr. Cleland's account of Glasgow in New Statistical Account of Scotland, vi. 139.
[54] Stewart's Works, ed. Hamilton; x. 68.
Words: 6,960


Dr. Charles Gordon Zubrod, a pioneer in the use of chemotherapy to treat cancer, died Jan. 19 at Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C., of respiratory failure, at 84.
Dr. Zubrod, who received his degree in 1940 from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, continued his professional training at several hospitals in New York City in the early 1940s. A member of the Army Medical Corps during World War II, he was involved in research to find a substitute for quinine as a cure for malaria.
In 1946, he joined the staff of the Johns Hopkins University Medical School in Baltimore, Md., and, in 1953, he became an associate professor and director of research in the department of medicine at St. Louis (Mo.) University.
Dr. Zubrod was named the clinical director of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., in 1954; he served as scientific director of the National Cancer Institute from 1961 until 1974. During this time, he led a team of scientists investigating the use of drugs to treat cancer, in particular acute leukemia in children.
In 1974, Dr. Zubrod became a professor of oncology and department chair at the University of Miami School of Medicine and director of the Florida Comprehensive Cancer Center. He retired in 1990.
In recognition of his work in cancer research, Dr. Zubrod received the Lasker Award in 1972. He also was the recipient of an honorary doctor of science degree at Holy Cross in 1969.
Dr. Zubrod is survived by three sons; two daughters; 18 grandchildren; and three great-grandchildren.


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text:
John E Clark
POV CNC, Cats, Wine, Music and Assorted Nonsense
Cubism: Using a 90 degree bit to make cubes with Shapeoko.
Getting started So I have had in mind for a while, the idea of making cube shapes out of 1/4 inch material on the Shapeoko. Most of this came about from a combination of fiddling with a 90 degree bit and realizing that basic math says a cube is just a bunch of 90 degree…
The look that says "Not sure where you are sleeping tonight buddy."
In case you didn't know…
This is my happy place.
Hello again…again…
It seems like every time I set up a blog or a website, I end up making a business out of it. 12ftguru.com became a programming company and infinitebiscuit.com has become a loose collective of local entrepreneurs. So this one is just named after me and will probably be used to talk a bit more…
Let me bring this thing under control and I'll be right with you.
John Ringo: Into The Looking Glass
Having thoroughly enjoyed Ringo's Posleen series as well as his Council Wars series, I had high hopes for this book. The premise is solid; an experiment gone wrong triggers a massive explosion at a Florida University and opens up a portal to another world. Unfortunately this book is a classic case of an author being…
Takashi Yamazaki: The Returner
Picture this… somewhere in a parrallel universe, John Woo gets the script for Terminator and the script for E.T. at the same time. He can only afford to make one film, so he decides to combine the two and get those odd new Wachowski fellas to handle the effects. The result would be the Returner….
Joss Whedon: Firefly
Firefly premiered as part of the fall 2002 lineup for Fox broadcasting. The Fox website describes Firefly this way: "Set 500 years in the future in the wake of a universal civil war, FIREFLY tells the tale of Serenity, a small transport spaceship without a home port. Captain Malcolm ("Mal") Reynolds commands Serenity for legitimate…
MediaWrapper Preview 3
Preview 2 is now available for OS X! New Features include: New DVD slipcase layout MediaWrapper no prints disk labels All Wrappers are now available with double sided printing All Wrappers now have an option for a full page front picture Added a new Wrapper for CD paper sleeves with a circular window Support for…
John Wells: The West Wing
The West Wing has spent 4 seasons growing into one of the most thoughtful and funny shows on television. Creator Aaron Sorkin has a fantastic sense of pacing in his shows and can deliver a message with laughter as easily as with drama. In its infinite wisdom, NBC decided that Sorkin was no longer needed…
Pictures of my Woodworking
My YouTube Channel POVCNC
On Mastodon because Twitter is dead to me.
Currently Seeing
I love making things. It makes me feel alive. I am starting to run out of room for stuff though.


>>But maybe I'm just a crank.
>accessible to at least a hundred times more people than other technologies.
>possibly even to inspired management.
"big" solutions to hard problems. That's the environment I like to work in.
people to bridge that gap.
where before it was distributed.
>uncontroversial - but maybe I haven't got my point over.
>Perhaps all we need is a representation of the property set in XML format.
I've created it. Check out "http://www.hytime.org/materials/hi2pssgm.xml"
navigable tree views of property set documents. Watch this space.


I need a blogger to creat...a blog item for each presentation at the following conference: Hours are 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. each day, Thursday and Friday, 2-3 May. The work is on-site at Microsoft in San Francisco. [log ind for at se URL] Each blog would be 3-4 paragraphs long. I would provide you the PPT presentations for reference.
Hello, I have a list of about 300 business names. (Example, Joe's Heating & Cooling). All of ...cell. Each business is a Heating and Air Conditioning Contractor so if the name is simply "Bills" You would have to perform the search "Bills Heating/Air Conditioning San Francisco" to get the proper information. The City name is at the top of the column.
Hi Kristine H., Would you be interested in chat, and maybe model, over webcam? Please message me if you're looking to start right away. Thanks!


text:
Soundproof Guide
Green Homes Grant Scheme
Bi-Folding
Bespoke Timber
Acoustic Glass
So how many decibels are 'healthy'?
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At 120 decibels the ear registers pain, but hearing damage actually begins at a much lower level, at about 85 decibels – which is typically the SPL (sound pressure level) of heavy traffic, a noisy restaurant or a power lawn mower.
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Surface Stability of Pt3Ni Nanoparticulate Alloy Electrocatalysts in Hydrogen Adsorption | Paper | SciBase :: Better Data. Better Science.
Paper Abstract Nanoparticles of Pt/Ni alloys represent state of the art electrocatalysts for fuel cell reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) based calculations along with in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data show that the surface structure of Pt 3 Ni nanoparticulate alloys is potential-dependent during electrocatalytic reactions. Pt 3 Ni based electrocatalysts demonstrate preferential confinement of Ni to the subsurface when the electrode is polarized in the double layer region where the surface is free of specifically adsorbed species. Hydrogen adsorption triggers nickel segregation to the surface. This process is facilitated by a high local surface coverage of adsorbed hydrogen in the vicinity of the surface confined Ni due to an uneven distribution of the adsorbate(s) on the catalyst's surface. The adsorption triggered surface segregation shows a non-monotonous dependence on the electrode potential and can be identified as a breathing of the catalyst as was proposed previously. The observed breathing behavior is relatively fast and proceeds on a time scale of 100–1000 s.


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text:
Бассель Закарія Жраді (,  6 липня 1993, Копенгаген) — данський та ліванський футболіст, півзахисник кіпрського клубу «Аполлон».

Виступав, зокрема, за клуб «Хайдук» (Спліт), а також національну збірну Лівану.

Клубна кар'єра

У дорослому футболі дебютував 2012 року виступами за команду «Академіск», у якій провів один сезон, взявши участь у 28 матчах чемпіонату.

Згодом з 2013 по 2018 рік грав у складі команд «Норшелланн», «Стремсгодсет», «Ліллестрем» та «Стремсгодсет».

Своєю грою за останню команду привернув увагу представників тренерського штабу клубу «Хайдук» (Спліт), до складу якого приєднався 2018 року. Відіграв за сплітської команди наступні три сезони своєї ігрової кар'єри. Більшість часу, проведеного у складі «Хайдука», був основним гравцем команди.

До складу клубу «Аполлон» приєднався 2021 року. Станом на 6 вересня 2022 року відіграв за клуб з Лімасола 22 матчі в національному чемпіонаті.

Виступи за збірні
У 2008 році дебютував у складі юнацької збірної Данії (U-16), загалом на юнацькому рівні взяв участь у 16 іграх.

У 2013 році залучався до складу молодіжної збірної Данії. На молодіжному рівні зіграв у 7 офіційних матчах, забив 2 голи.

У 2015 році дебютував в офіційних матчах у складі національної збірної Лівану.

У складі збірної був учасником кубка Азії з футболу 2019 року в ОАЕ.

Статистика виступів

Статистика клубних виступів

Статистика виступів за збірну

Посилання

Уродженці Копенгагена
Ліванські футболісти
Гравці молодіжної збірної Данії з футболу
Гравці збірної Лівану з футболу
Гравці кубка Азії з футболу 2019
Футболісти «Академіска»
Футболісти «Норшелланна»
Футболісти «Стремсгодсета»
Футболісти «Ліллестрема»
Футболісти «Хайдука» (Спліт)
Футболісти «Аполлона» (Лімасол)
ліванські футбольні легіонери
Данські футболісти
Футбольні легіонери в Норвегії
Футбольні легіонери в Хорватії
Футбольні легіонери на Кіпрі

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