Well, my dear brother, time is passing, and the necessity for the revealing is very apparent, as men are longing and waiting for what will satisfy the natural cravings of their souls and that the present religion, called "Christianity", has not in it the qualities to satisfy.
I am pleased that you are in so much better condition and that your love is again becoming active and awakened and operating upon the qualities of your brain so that a rapport can be made. I would like very much to deliver a message dealing with spiritual truth tonight. You must try to think spiritual thoughts until by such thinking your brain may become, as it were, infused with these thoughts and thereby receive those qualities that will make its condition similar to those of the minds of the spirits who wish to form a union with your brain and convey through it the truths that are waiting to be delivered. I confirm what John has written and, in addition, say that your praying must be more frequent so that your soul may be freed from the condition of the existence in it of thoughts not spiritual.
You need not wait for occasions or opportunities to pray formally, but all during the day and evening let your longings for the love ascend. A long prayer, or even one formulated into words, is not necessary. In order to have the longing it is not necessary that words should be used to give it form. The longing may be as rapid as unformed thought but as effective for God to catch, as I may say. The longing is quicker than the thought, and the answer to the same will come with as much certainty as if you were to put the longing into the most exact form.
Prayers of this kind ascend to God and are heard and answered and, by a law of your relationship, affect the qualities of the brain in the way of preparing it for the union with the spiritual thoughts of the spirits who desire to write. Your thoughts of spiritual things or of the truths of the spirit world as they have already been revealed to you, and especially those that pertain to the love and mercy of the Father and to his will in their passing and operating, which also affects the qualities of the brain so as to produce the condition that is necessary for our rapport.
It may be surprising to you that this condition is required in the brain of a human and also the development of their soul, which really produces the condition, in order for rapport to be made so that the spiritual truths can be delivered. It may also be surprising that you have been selected from all the men on earth in whom this condition and development shall be made. There are certain qualities in your constitution, both spiritual and material, that render you susceptible to the influence of our powers and to the use by us for the purpose of our design and work. It may seem strange to you that in all the long ages preceding I have not found one mortal with the qualification to fit him for this work.
I have used others before, but they have failed to submit their minds, souls, beliefs, and thoughts to our influence and directions as you have so far done. Many mortals have the necessary conditions of spiritual and material makeup to perform our work and wishes, but as they all have free will, we cannot compel, and as circumstances, environments, education, and beliefs are elements that affect and determine the possibility of our finding an instrument suitable for our purposes, we have not been able to find a medium who was qualified to be used for our work.
You, of course, understand that you were not selected because of any special goodness or freedom from sin or because you were more beloved by God because of your course of living or for the reason of any spiritual condition that you were in. There were many superior to you in goodness and more in at-onement with the will of God, and whose love, and the results therefrom, were more perfect than yours. So you will realize that you were not selected because of any special spiritual merits possessed by you.
As you have been told, all things in the spirit world, as well as on earth, are controlled by immutable laws, and all spirits as well as mortals are subject to those laws. The law of rapport and communication must be complied with by spirits, no matter how much elevated, and also by mortals, and no spirit, by reason of the possession of any supposed power, can set aside this law. While spirits have not this power, yet they may have such knowledge of conditions that they can discern what qualities in the condition of a human are susceptible to the influence and molding by the spirits so that as a result thereof the law may be brought into operation. This briefly will explain to you why I selected you as my medium and mouthpiece.
I want you to know that for a long time I have been endeavoring to influence and mold your mind and beliefs, so that your soul might become developed in such a way that conditions might be formed that would enable us to make a rapport that would permit our controlling your brain to convey these messages of truth. You are a natural medium, and for ordinary purposes it was not difficult for the spirits to control and communicate through you the truths of the spirit world, which are not of a nature such as I and others have communicated in reference to the soul spheres and the relationship of God to man in the higher spiritual sense.
There is another phase to all this, more personal to you, and this is that, while we have been developing you for the purpose of doing our work and helping make effective our mission, your soul has been developed in its spiritual nature, and you have come into a closer union with God and have partaken to a large extent of God's divine love and, to a degree been transformed into the divine essence. You have become a very different person from what you were when your development for our purpose commenced, and, as a consequence, you will derive all the benefits that flow from an experience such as you have had.
You are now one of us in the progress towards the fountainhead of God's love and have taken on a portion of immortality, and it depends only upon yourself how rapid your progress will be towards a complete transformation, such as spirits who are inhabitants of the celestial spheres possess. You need not wait until you come to the spirit world in order to make rapid progress, although it will be more difficult for you while in the flesh, as you understand, yet wonderful progress may be made then, and you have been told its secret.
I will further say that you have a closer association with spirits that are nearer to God and more possessed of the divine essence than has any other earthly human at this time. To you, this may seem extravagant and improbable, but I declare to you it is true, that I, and many spirits who come to you and write are in the celestial spheres of God's immortality.
I have written a long time, and you are somewhat tired. Remember my advice and pray often and earnestly if but for a moment, and the necessary spiritual condition will be yours, and we will come and continue our revealment.
With my love and blessing, I am your brother and friend.
My truths are plain and my teachings can be understood by the simple. Any religion that requires the exercise of the mental faculties to an extent greater than what is required in the ordinary affairs of life cannot be a true religion. God has designed that all shall understand his truth without the necessity of having a highly developed mind.
He that tries may understand my teachings, and it will not be necessary for any preacher or teacher to explain them. My language will explain itself. So let your mind not be troubled over the question as to whether only the mentally developed can understand what I write, for the truths are for all.
I have heard your discussion tonight, and I am pleased at the soul understanding of my truths that you and your friend (Dr Stone) keep brachets seem to have. I now feel that you are both progressing to the point where you will soon be in a condition fully to understand what my mission is in writing these messages. You have said that my new revelation of the truths of the soul is what mankind needs at this time and what men will be in condition to accept as the real truths of God and of his laws.
My coming to you is really my Second Coming to earth, and the result of my coming in this way will satisfy and fulfill all the promises of the Scriptures as to this event.
So let your belief in this important fact and your faith in me increase until you will have in your souls and minds no doubt as to what my present mission is and as to what your work will be in making known to men my real purpose in revealing to them the great truths of God.
I will not write more tonight but say keep up your courage and believe, and the time will soon come when you will be able to receive my messages in all their fullness and with such rapidity that the spreading of these truths will not be delayed. I am with you and will be a faithful friend and brother, closer to you than any earthly brother.
I have been with you part of the time as you were reading the different explanations of the various religions, and I tried to direct your mind so that you might conceive the difference between the things taught in those teachings and what we are revealing to you. Many things that are set forth in those teachings that are mysteries and the results of speculation will be revealed to you in their true existence and meaning so that all defects or desiderata that arise because of the insufficiency of these teachings will be corrected and supplied.
I am glad that you read these sermons, for they demonstrate to you a number of truths that were known to the ancients but which fall far short of the truth. At those times there was no source from which our truths could come either in the spirit world or in the mortal world, and, hence, humans could not become inspired as to the vital truths that we are revealing.
The men who appeared as reformers and gave forth the truths that were unknown to their fellow men were inspired by intelligent spirits of the spirit world, though that inspiration could not be greater or higher than the knowledge of the spirits by whom these men were inspired. What I say here applies not only to the prophets and teachers of Old Testament times but to those of all times and among all races preceding my coming to earth and making known the great truths that were revealed to me by God.
I noticed that some of these teachers and writers of essays at the great religious gathering attempted to speak of a future or world religion, and their claims were divergent and based mostly on those foundations that will never support such a religion. They almost entirely based their concepts on principles of morality as understood by them, and the churches based their beliefs on the teachings of the New Testament, which in many and vital particulars are erroneous, especially the basic one that I am God the son and that my sacrifice and vicarious atonement must be the touchstone of the future great and ultimate religion. As their claims are not true, it is certain that any religion based upon them cannot be true or lasting.
Although it is true that there will be a religion of the future and a comprehensive and final one, and it will be founded upon the truths that you are now receiving. It will be inclusive of all the other religions so far as the truths that they contain are concerned, with the addition of the greatest of all truths affecting mortals: the transformation of the human soul into the divine. Hence, you see the importance of our working more rapidly in our efforts to disclose and disseminate this truth.
I will come in a few nights and deliver another formal message. I will not write more now, but with my love and blessings will say goodnight. I am with you as I promised and will continue to be.
I am with you tonight to warn you against letting any doubt enter your mind or heart as to my actually writing to you, for I and none other is actually in communication with you.
The book that you read is a snare and a lie, for there are no angels who have become devils, as the author of that book declares. Never were there any angels who through ambition or any other reason revolted against the power of the government of God and thereby lost their estate as angels. Never was there any Lucifer, and never were there any angels who were thrown from the battlements of heaven into hell, as it has been written (Isaiah 14:12), and there are no devils and no Satan considered as real persons or fallen angels.
The only spirits in the spirit world are those who at one time were mortals and who lived lives on earth, shorter or longer. Also, whenever angels are mentioned in the Bible, or rather in the New Testament, in places that contain my sayings or those of the Apostles, and I mean those sayings that were actually said, the word "angel" always refers to the spirit of some mortal who had passed the line between life and death as commonly understood.
There are so many important truths to be taught that are vital to man's salvation and happiness both on earth and in the spirit world. Now, this you must believe, that no devils ever write you or in any manner manifest to any of the numerous mediums who are used to show the existence of the spirits of men in the spirit world. There are spirits of all kinds, just as there are mortals of all kinds, having all the traits and characteristics of mortals, and some of these spirits may be justly called "wicked" or "evil" spirits and even "devils". However, they are nothing more or less than spirits such as I have described.
I know that the belief of the majority of men is that there are such things as devils and that they are independent creations of God made to tempt and inflict all kinds of trouble and unhappiness on men. Now, because of the great number of years that these beliefs have existed and the fact that many of the churches still teach that such devils do exist and are at all times trying to tempt and injure men, it is hard and will be difficult to induce men to believe that there are no such things as devils, which is the truth.
The Bible speaks in many places of my casting out devils from men, of men being possessed by devils, and of the Apostles casting out devils (Matthew 7:22), and of their not being able to cast out some of these devils. I tell you now that the Bible is wrong in this regard. The writers and translators of the Bible never understood what the word "devil", as used in these various instances, meant or intended to mean. As I have told you, there was never any devil or devils in the sense mentioned and taught by the churches, and, consequently, they never could have possessed mortals nor have been cast out of them.
Though, it is true that by the workings of the law of attraction and the susceptibility of mortals to the influence of spirit powers, mortals may become obsessed by the spirits of evil - that is, the spirits of men who once lived on earth. This obsession may become so complete and powerful that the living mortal may lose all power to resist this influence of these spirits and may be compelled to do things that the mortal would not normally desire to do. He may show all the evidence of a distorted mind and present appearances of a lost will power as well as of the loss of the ability to exercise the ordinary powers given him by his natural creation.
In these instances referred to of casting out devils (Mark 9:38), wherever they occurred, and they did occur in some of the instances mentioned, the only devils that existed were the evil spirits who had possessed these mortals. This obsession exists today just as it did then, for the same laws are in operation now as were in existence then, and many a man is in a condition of evil life and disturbed mind from the obsession of these spirits. If there were any men of today in that condition of soul development and belief that my disciples were in, they could cast out these so-called "devils" just as the disciples cast them out in the days of the Bible.
Men do not have this faith, though there are many who have been blessed with the inflowing of the holy spirit. Yet, they have not the belief that such work as the disciples performed can be performed by them now. In fact, most of them believe that it would be contrary to God's will to attempt to exercise such powers, and, hence, they never attempt to do such work.
When men learn that in all the ages God is the same, that his laws work the same, and that man is the same so far as the soul's possibilities are concerned. The faith that God made possible for man to attain may be possessed now just as it was possessed by my disciples, then they will attempt this work of beneficence and will succeed. The sick will be healed and the devils cast out, the blind made to see and the deaf to hear, and the so-called "miracles" will be performed as they were in my days on earth.
There is not and never was such a thing as a miracle in the sense of having an effect produced by a cause that was not the result of the ordinary workings of God's laws. These laws in their workings never vary, and when the same law is called into operation upon the same condition of facts, the same results will always be produced. So, let a mortal have in his soul the same amount of God's love that the Bible writers meant or should have meant when they spoke of being endowed by the holy ghost (Luke 11:13), and let him have the necessary faith that, when he prays to God, he will receive this love to a sufficient degree to produce the desired results. Then he will try to exercise the power of casting out devils or healing, etc., and he will find that success will follow his efforts.
You let doubt come into your mind, and, as a consequence, your soul does not respond, although, strange as it may seem, the divine love is there. When this mental doubt exists, it is as if it were a covering that prevents the existence of the love in the soul to shine forth and produce the great feeling of happiness and joy that otherwise you might experience. The mental condition of the mortal undoubtedly has a great influence on the consciousness of the man as to his possession of this soul development and the divine love, and, consequently, there will have to be this continuous fight as long as life lasts on earth between the mental conditions and the soul's consciousness.
Now, as the mental beliefs are brought into harmony with the soul's condition, more and more the fight will grow weaker and less frequent, and it is possible that it will cease altogether. The mental beliefs will become entirely and absolutely subordinated or rather absorbed in the soul's consciousness of its being possessed of the love of God.
I will not write more tonight but will, in closing, say that you have my love and blessings and my promises that I will fulfill so that you will realize your expectations and be in condition to perform the work that you have been selected to do.
No man who on earth is given to only what you may call the "material things" will be able when he becomes a spirit to understand the spiritual laws until he has gotten rid of the material mind and the reasoning that comes from the powers that have been exercised only in the investigation of material things. You cannot perceive spiritual things with the material mind. Neither can one, by reason of those powers of the mind that know only material things, be able to perceive the truths of the spirit. Hence the necessity for man cultivating the soul perceptions, which are greater and more comprehending than all the faculties of the material mind.
Mind, as usually understood by man, is undoubtedly a wonderful instrument in investigating and learning the laws of nature and the relation of cause and effect in the physical world. Such powers, however, when applied to the things of the spirit, will not help much, but rather, retard the progress of the soul's development of its faculties. The reasoning power given to man is the highest quality of the material mind and, when properly exercised, affords a very safe and satisfactory method of arriving at the truth. Yet, such power when exercised in reference to things that are strangers to it, or having no acquaintance with it or having never been concerned in the investigation of the phenomena of their existence, cannot be depended upon to bring about conclusions that will assure men of the truth.
The spiritual laws are eternal and never change and are made by God to be applied to all the conditions and to all the relationships of the material world and those of the spiritual world. But the laws that apply to the operations of the material world are not fitted to apply to the operations of the spiritual world. The man who understands the former and their application to material things is not able to apply these laws to the spiritual world and to spiritual things. Knowledge of the laws pertaining to the natural will not supply a knowledge of the laws pertaining to the spiritual.
Hence, the great scientist who, when on earth, was able to discover and show the operation of the laws controlling material things, when he comes to the spirit world and attempts to apply this knowledge to the things of the spirit, he will be wholly unable to do so and will be as a babe in his ability to understand and draw deductions of the spiritual laws. So you see the necessity for man to become acquainted with these spiritual laws if he expects to progress where they apply.
The material laws may be learned by the operation of the senses that belong to and constitute the material mind, but the spiritual laws can only be learned by the exercise and application of the faculties of the soul. The soul is to the spiritual things of God what the mind is to the material things of God. The great mistake that men make and have made is to attempt to learn these spiritual things with the powers of the material mind.
I write thus because I see that you and your friend desire to learn the nature and operations and workings of the spiritual things, and, hence, I want to impress upon you the necessity for exercising the soul perceptions that will come to you as your soul develops. These perceptions are just as real as are the five senses of the natural mind, though most men do not even know of their existence. When once you have succeeded in understanding that they do exist and that you may be able to use them just as you use the faculties of the material mind. Then you will be able to progress in the development of these faculties or perceptions with as much success and certainty as does the great scientist or philosopher in the studies of the things that he applies the faculties of his material mind. I hope that I have made plain what I intend to convey.
I will not write more tonight but say, let your faith increase and pray more to God, and you will see open up to you a wonderful vista of knowledge of the truths of the spirit.
I come tonight and desire to write my message, and I hope that you may be able to receive it. I will describe to you the way to the kingdom of God in the celestial heavens.
In all of God's universe and in the creation of things material and spiritual, the only one who can possibly have within him anything of a divine nature is the man who possesses the divine love. The bestowal of this love was intended, in its operation and effect, to transform man into a divine angel and an inhabitant of the kingdom of God in the celestial heavens where only that which is divine can enter.
There is a kingdom in the celestial heavens, though it is not a finished one, for it is still open and in the process of formation. It is open to the entry of all spirits, and they must seek for it in the only way that God has provided. No spirit will be excluded from it that with all the longings of his soul, will aspire to enter this kingdom. I must also state that the time will come when this celestial kingdom will be completed, and thereafter no one will be able to enter therein, and the kingdom that will then be accessible to men will be the kingdom that will exist on earth or that now exists in the spirit world.
Now, the Bible, which most of those professing to be Christians believe contains my sayings and teachings, has set forth the way to the kingdom. The words are few and the way is plain, and no mystery prevents men from comprehending the meaning thereof. When I said, "Except a man be born again, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God," and here I disclosed the only and true way to the kingdom". During my time on earth there were some who understood this great truth, and, since that time, there have been some who not only understood this truth, but found the way and followed it until they reached the goal and are now inhabitants of this kingdom. Hence, the vast majority of priests, teachers, and men has never understood or sought to find the way.
And so, all down the ages since the kingdom has been waiting for men, they, though in all sincerity and with love towards God, have sought and to a greater or lesser extent found only the kingdom of the perfect man and have neglected to look for and missed the kingdom of the divine angel.
Then, the only way to the celestial kingdom is simply this: that men must believe with all the sincerity of their minds and souls that this great love of God is waiting to be bestowed upon each and all of them, and that when they come in faith and earnest aspirations, this love will not be withheld from them. In addition to this belief, if men pray with all the earnestness and longings that God will open up their souls to the inflowing of his love and that then may come to them the holy spirit to bring this love into their souls in such abundance that their souls may be transformed into the very essence of God. The man who will thus believe and pray will never be disappointed, and the way to the kingdom will be his as certainly as the sun shines day by day upon the just and the unjust alike. No mediator is needed nor are the prayers or ceremonies of priests or preachers, for God comes to man and hears his prayers and responds thereto by sending the comforter, which is God's messenger for conveying into the souls of men his love.
I have thus explained the way to the celestial kingdom of God and to the divine nature; there is no other way whereby it is possible to reach this kingdom and the certain knowledge of immortality. So, I implore men to meditate on these great truths and in meditating believe and, when believing, pray to God for the inflowing into their souls of this divine love, and in doing so they will experience belief, faith, possession, and ownership of what can never be taken from them, not in all eternity.
I am a progressing spirit, and as I grew in God's love and knowledge and wisdom when on earth, I am still growing in these qualities. When the love and mercy of God comes to me, it comes with the assurance that never in all eternity will I cease to progress towards the very fountainhead of the attributes of God, the one God, the All in All.
I have finished and feel that you have received my messages as I intended, and I am pleased. I will not write more and, with my love and blessings, will say goodbye.


text:
India's Recent Reforms Caused Short-term Shocks to System, but Could Realign Economy towards Long-Term, Rule-Based Growth
Yann Zopf, Head of Media Operations and Events, Public Engagement; Tel.: +41 79 204 1610; Email: yann.zopf@weforum.org
· Demonetization, the new Goods and Services Tax and recent banking reforms are among the major economic changes that have generated turbulence and affected growth in India's economy
· More reforms are likely in the banking sector, including consolidation of public banks
· The changes are designed to create towards greater transparency and long-term macroeconomic stability
· India needs to create roughly 10-12 million jobs each year to meet the needs of its growing population
For more information about the India Economic Summit, visithttp://wef.ch/ies17
New Delhi, India, 6 October 2017 – After several years of impressive growth, recent economic indicators, from a slowdown in credit growth to sluggish GDP performance, suggest that India's economic lustre might have dimmed, at least in the short term.
The recent turbulence has been linked to the government's demonetization of high-value bank notes, introduction of a major tax overhaul (the Goods and Services Tax, or GST) and reforms in the banking sector. These major changes could improve long-term efficiency and the opportunities for growth.
The government is "shifting India fundamentally to a different kind of economy, a rule-based, trust-based economy," said Sanjeev Sanyal, Principal Economic Adviser, Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance of India. Sanyal noted that the government anticipated that its reforms would have unintended, short-term consequences but that the long-term outlook for the economy could be even more promising.
Industry leaders in general agreed that major reforms were needed; however, a number of risks remain.
"Demonetization should have been done differently," said Sanjiv Bajaj, Managing Director of Bajaj Finserv, India, referring to the "negative mood" that the reforms caused and to lingering questions as to whether it reduced India's shadow economy. However, Bajaj added that business leaders appreciate the government's boldness because getting India on course for 9% GDP growth rates could not happen with tiny, incremental reforms.
The effects of tax reform, which was introduced in July, are still taking shape. In the short-term, large and small businesses experienced compliance challenges. However, GST has the potential to consolidate supply chains, improve efficiency and encourage more businesses to operate on a cashless basis. "I think we should go slow … and let GST take its course," said Adi B. Godrej, Chairman of The Godrej Group, India. Godrej added that he believes the tax will be beneficial for the economy in the long term.
Challenges in the banking sector have made it difficult for companies to access the credit necessary for growth. Sanyal noted that cleaning up balance sheets of public banks – in particular, bad assets related to infrastructure loans – is a much-needed step to improve economic stability. However, the process has posed short-term challenges. And more reforms are likely on the way, including a possible consolidation of the number of public banks.
Despite these obstacles, a number of other signs suggest an optimistic outlook for India's economic growth. The domestic market has a long way to go before it is saturated with basic consumer goods. Further, a combination of urban planning and infrastructure development could improve land use in India. The construction sector, which has recently contracted, could be a source of future job growth and play a major role in using India's land more efficiently.
"Unless we make it easier to do business, it's going to be tough for us to create jobs," said Shobana Kamineni, President of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), India. Business leaders noted that labour reform, largely at the state level, is one way to improve the ease of doing business.
The India Economic Summit is hosted by the World Economic Forum and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) – partners for more than three decades – under the theme Creating Indian Narratives on Global Challenges. The summit, taking place in New Delhi on 4-6 October, will welcome more than 650 participants from over 35 countries.
The Co-Chairs of the summit are: Ajay S. Banga, President and Chief Executive Officer, Mastercard, USA; Dipali Goenka, Chief Executive Officer and Joint Managing Director, Welspun India, India; Piyush Goyal, Minister of Railways and Coal of India; Smriti Zubin Irani, Minister of Textiles, Information and Broadcasting of India; Malvika Iyer, Member, Working Group on Youth and Gender Equality, United Nations Inter-Agency Network on Youth Development, New York; Karan Johar, Head, Dharma Productions, India; and Sunil Bharti Mittal, Chairman, Bharti Enterprises, India.
More information about the summit at http://wef.ch/ies17
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All opinions expressed are those of the author. The World Economic Forum Blog is an independent and neutral platform dedicated to generating debate around the key topics that shape global, regional and industry agendas.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Biografia
Nato intorno al 1700 (vi sono fonti che riportano come data di nascita il 1704 o il 1707), si era diplomato presso la Scuola di matematica e navigazione di Mosca, che aveva allora sede nella famosa Torre Sucharev (Сухарева башня). Ha prestato servizio nella Flotta del Baltico nel 1726. Dal 1733 al 1743 ha partecipato alla Seconda spedizione in Kamčatka. Ha preso parte, nel 1735-36 alla spedizione guidata da Vasilij Prončiščev sullo Jakutsk, prendendone il comando nel 1736, a causa della malattia di Prončiščev, e guidando la nave dal golfo di Faddej alla foce dell'Olenëk. Nel 1738-1739, ha partecipato alla spedizione di Chariton Laptev. Nella primavera del 1741, ha viaggiato, via terra, dal fiume Chatanga al fiume Pjasina. Ha descritto la costa occidentale della penisola del Tajmyr fino al golfo di Middendorff. Nell'inverno del 1741-42, ha viaggiato da Turuchansk sino alla foce del Chatanga, descrivendo la costa settentrionale della penisola del Tajmyr dal golfo di Faddej (a est) fino alla foce del fiume Tajmyra (a ovest), e raggiungendo così l'estremo punto settentrionale dell'Eurasia, cui Alexander von Middendorf in seguito, nel 1843, avrebbe dato il suo nome: capo Čeljuskin. Nell'autunno del 1742 è ritornato a San Pietroburgo, ha ottenuto varie promozioni servendo nella flotta del Baltico, che ha lasciato nel 1760 con il grado di capitano.

In suo onore, portano il suo nome:
Capo Čeljuskin, l'estremo punto settentrionale dell'Eurasia, nella penisola del Tajmyr.
Penisola Čeljuskin, la parte settentrionale della penisola del Tajmyr.
Isola di Čeljuskin (остров Челюскина), all'ingresso della baia del Taimyr, vicino alla costa meridionale ().
La nave a vapore Čeljuskin.
Molte strade a lui intitolate si trovano in città dell'Ucraina (Charkiv, Mariupol', Poltava, Bila Cerkva), della Russia (Novosibirsk) e a Kazan', capitale del Tatarstan.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  Polarpost.ru - Челюскин Семен Иванович, 1707-1764 гг.

Esploratori dell'Asia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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In a heartbreaking tragedy, a loving husband watched helplessly as his wife and three children were involved in a fatal car accident. Shauntia Jackson was in a separate vehicle from her husband traveling on interstate 385 in Greenville around 3:30 am when things went terribly wrong.
A driver headed in the wrong direction violently crashed into Jackson's car killing her and injuring her children. Police report that her husband saw the head on collision that proved to be fatal for his wife. The couple was talking on a cellphone when the husband tried to warn his wife about the danger, but it was too late. The couple's three children 9,8 and 3 were injured and remain in serious condition.
The driver who is faulted for the collision has had injuries but is expected to survive. The victim was identified as Shauntia Jackson, 27 and was pronounced dead at the scene. She was reported to be wearing her seatbelt at the time of the crash.
The accident happened in the northbound lanes of interstate three eighty-five in the early morning hours of Monday. The man charged as also been charged with a DUI and was very intoxicated at the time of the accident.
"A young mother lost her life because of the irresponsible actions of another person. The fact that the other driver was charged with a DUI proves he acted irresponsibly and cost a person their life. When you ingest alcohol and then make the poor decision to drive you need to be prepared to assume the consequences for your actions," says Joe Sanderfur a managing partner at a top Myrtle Beach car accident law firm at joeandmartin.com/myrtle-beach.
How painful it must have been to watch in horror as your entire family is involved in a massive head on collision. And then to find out that the other driver was drinking and driving, taking the life of your precious loved one. It is almost too horrible for words to express the pain and suffering. If you or a loved one has been a victim of a wrongful death or injury at the hands of another person, the first thing you need to do is retain an attorney to start fighting for you.
In this particular case a young father now has the financial burden of three severely injured children, with mounting medical bills, in addition to burial cost of his precious wife. These are all just practical sides of the damage. These children and their father will have severe pain in the coming months and years dealing with the loss of their wife and mother. All because a man chose to drink and get behind the wheel of a car.
If you ever find yourself in this situation let an experienced attorney fight for you and help you move on with your life in the best way possible. Victims deserve to be compensated for the damage done at the hands of irresponsible people. Don't wait, call a firm today so they can help.


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Benton County, in the west-central part of the State, is bounded north by Pettis County, east by Morgan and Camden, south by Hickory, and west by St. Clair and Henry Counties, and contains 468,432 acres.
Population in 1840, 4,205; in 1850, 5,015; in 1860, 9,072; in 1870, 11,322; of whom 11,002 were white, and 320 colored; 5,850 male, and 5,472 female; 10,198 native (6,166 born in Missouri) and 1,124 foreign.
The county was settled mainly by emigrants from Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee. Among the earliest were Bledsoe, Kinkead and others, in 1834. Bledsoe's Ferry, on the Osage, was in early days a noted crossing on the road from Palmyra, through Boonville, to Fort Smith and the Cherokee Nation.
The county was organized Jan. 3rd, 1835, the courts being held in a dwelling near Bledsoe's Ferry. Stephen Houser and others settled Osage, and a post-office was established there in 1836. The name was changed to Warsaw and the county seat located there in 1838.
There originated in this county, about 1841, the Turk or Slicker War,* a feud between Hiram K. Turk, a slicker, and Howard Sutleff and others, anti-slickers, which was kept up by midnight thrashings and road-side assassinations, until the sympathies of nearly all in the vicinity were enlisted on one side or the other. Many bloody tragedies occurred, and the history of the "Turk War" has always possessed much romantic interest for the people of this part of the State. Little anxiety however was felt for the safety of person or property, outside of the leaders and their immediate partisans, as few others took any active part in the affair. It was terminated by the death or flight to Texas of those most prominent in it.
During the late Civil War the whole community was thrilled with horror by the bloody affair at "Cole Camp". The German residents of the vicinity organized under Capt. Cook as friends of the Federal cause, and were encamped in and around barns about 2 miles east of Cole Camp. They were surprised about daylight, June 19th, 1861, by two companies from Warsaw, who, knowing of the encampment, had marched all night for the purpose of attacking them. Over 100 of the Germans are said to have been killed-the remainder fleeing in every direction. The attacking party lost 6 or 7, among whom were some prominent citizens of Warsaw. No other event of the war produced such sorrow and dismay among the people of Benton County, and the animosity of the Germans towards all who were engaged in the attack has scarcely yet died out. No other battle occurred in the county. The peace of the inhabitants, however, was so disturbed by bands of marauders and bushwhackers, that large numbers of them fled, mostly to other States, not returning to their homes until peace was established. In 1867-68 and '69 large numbers immigrated to the county, and since then the influx has been moderate but steady.
The general character of the county is broken, about one-third being undulating prairie, the remainder, rough timber land. The northern portion is principally prairie, and the central, along the Osage River, is broken and hilly, with excellent timber and extensive bottoms, some of which are under a good state of cultivation.
The Osage River flows centrally through this county from west to east. The large streams of Pomme de Terre and Grand River, Big Tebo and Cole Camp Creeks, flow into the Osage through the county; Big Tebo entering Grand River 4 miles above its junction with the Osage. Little Tebo, Brush and Bear Creeks flow through the county from the north, and Hogle's Creek, Little Pomme de Terre, Turkey and Deer Creeks from the south. These creeks are good-sized streams. All the water courses of the county are filled with beautiful clear water, except Grand River and Big Tebo, which are generally muddy. The head-waters of Flat, Lake and Haw Creeks, tributaries of the La Mine, are also in Benton.
The bottom lands along the streams are alluvial deposits, and well adapted to agriculture.
The Clark Sulphur Springs, 4 miles, and the White Sulphur Springs, 10 miles from Warsaw, are favorite summer resorts, although as yet no commodious buildings have been erected. The waters are highly esteemed for their medicinal properties, and every summer, parties from a distance in large numbers come to derive benefit from the waters, and enjoy the novelty of camp life.
The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats and stock. Fruit-culture is receiving more attention, the small fruits succeeding admirably. There are about 50,000 acres of Government land and some Agricultural College lands still for sale in the county.
This county is situated in the midst of one of the great iron-bearing districts into which the State is divided by Prof. Pumpelly's Report on the Geology of Missouri. The existence of iron was not generally known to the people of the county until 1872. Since then many valuable beds have been found. Scattering particles of ore are found in many places where digging does not develop any masses. There are probably as many as 200 ore-beds in the county, many of these of great richness. The ore is mainly brown hematite, but red hematite and blue specular ores are also found, the former in considerable quantities. Capitalists are now prospecting for new banks and developing those known, and Benton will undoubtedly soon take rank as one of the great iron-producing counties of the State.
Lead has long been known to exist in many places in the county, and has to some extent been mined for market. New discoveries are constantly being made, but seldom in sufficient quantities to warrant mining. There is also in Benton an abundance of building stone and sand, also clay for brick.
The Manufacturing Interests of Benton County are yet in abeyance, though there are rich natural deposits and fine water power-plenty of fuel and excellent timber. There are 4 flouring and 7 saw-mills, also a mill recently erected on Grand River for cutting out timber for wagons, plows, etc. These, with those noted under the different towns and the usual complement of wagon, blacksmith and other shops, constitute the present manufactories of Benton.
24 miles of the Osage Valley & Southern Kansas Rail Road are graded from Warsaw to a point east of Cole Camp. This railroad is projected to Versailles in Morgan County, from which point it is graded to Tipton on the Mo. P. Rail Road. The debt of $165,000 is part of $200,000 of bonds issued for this road.
The Exports are wheat, stock, and prospectively iron.
The public school system has been fully organized, good houses built, competent teachers employed, and the schools are in a prosperous condition. According to the returns of 1872, there were in the county 5,014 children of school age, 85 teachers, and 71 school-houses.
Cloverdale, a post-office 14 miles north west of Warsaw.
Cole Camp, 20 miles north east of Warsaw, on the 0. V. & S. K. Rail Road, laid out by Blakey & Brother in 1857, has 1 church, 1 hotel, 5 stores, and 1 flouring and 1 saw-mill. The country south is timbered; on the north, east and west it is a fine undulating prairie.
Dell Delight, a post-office 7 miles south east of Warsaw.
Duroc, a post-office 17 miles east of Warsaw.
Fairfield, on the Pomme de Terre River, 8 miles south of Warsaw, contains 2 stores, and 2 saw and grist-mills. Population about 75.
Fort Lyon, a post office, 19 miles north west of Warsaw and 8 miles south of Windsor.
Garrett's Mill, on Grand River, 3½ miles north east of Warsaw, does a large business in sawing, planing, hub and spoke manufacturing, etc.
Haw Creek, 22 miles north east of Warsaw, contains 1 general store.
Kreizel's Mill, a post-office 15 miles north east of Warsaw.
Lake Creek (Heimsath's Store), a post-office 24 miles north east of Warsaw.
Lincoln, 13 miles north of Warsaw and 15 miles south east of Windsor, has 3 stores, 1 saddle-tree manufactory, and 1 grist-mill. Population about 100.
Mount View, 13 miles south east of Warsaw, has 1 general store.
WARSAW, the county seat, on the left bank of the Osage River, is 38 miles from Sedalia and 24 miles from Windsor (on the M. K. & T. Rail Road). It has a population of about 500, contains 2 churches, valued at $1,200 each, 1 hotel, 1 public school-house, 1 bank, 15 stores, 1 carding machine, i flouring and 1 saw-mill and 2 newspapers-The Times, S. W. Smith, publisher, and The Benton County Democrat, Ben. R. Lingle, editor and publisher.
*Parties of desperate character, such as sometimes flee from justice in better organised communities, established themselves among the hills in the vicinity of the new settlements and sallied forth to steal the horses from the settled portions of the State, as well as to prey upon the cattle, hogs and other property of the backwoodsmen. The latter organized a vigilance committee known as "The Slickers" from their peculiar mode of administering punishment. Deciding that some one deserved chastisement, a committee was appointed to capture him. The offender was tied to a suitable tree, usually a black-jack, and "slicked" or whipped with hickory wither. He was then usually ordered to leave the county within a given time. Personal spite often actuated the slickers beyond, and sometimes contrary to, the demands of justice, and there was organised the "Anti-Slickers." These two powers made war against each other with savage cruelty, for there were honest but misguided men in both organizations, and each professed to be actuated by a desire to put down rascality and maintain the right.
†Assessed valuation for 1873, $2,820,813. Bonded debt $165,000. Floating debt, a few warrants. Taxation $1.79 per $100.
This page was last updated Friday, 12-Jun-2015 19:43:19 EDT.


text:
Са́ри — село в Україні,  Миргородському районі Полтавської області. Населення становить 2437 осіб. Орган місцевого самоврядування — Гадяцька міська рада (Сарський старостинський округ: Донцівщина, Київське, Малі Будища, Саранчова Долина, Червоний Кут).

Географія
Село Сари знаходиться на правому березі річки Псел, вище за течією на відстані 1,5 км розташоване село Червоний Кут, нижче за течією на відстані 1 км розташоване село Саранчова Долина, примикає до сіл Писарівщина та Київське. По селу протікає пересихаючий струмок з загатою. Річка в цьому місці звивиста, утворює лимани, стариці та заболочені озера.

Історія

1622 на «Сарському городищі» заснована слобода в 10 дворів значиться на карті Гійома Левассера де Боплана. 1636 привілеєм польського короля Владислава IV урочище Сари призначене для заселення. На той час входили до Черкаського староства.

З початку визвольної війни укр народу 1648-54 Сари відносились до Гадяцьго полку, 1661 зіньківського, 1672 Гадяцької першої сотні, Гадцького полку. 1675 гетьман І. Самойлович передав передав переяславському та гадяцькому протопопу Григорію Бутовичу села Сари і Крутьки.

У другій чверті 18 ст Гадяч і навколишні села належали гетьману Д. Апостолу (1727-34), потім Сари власність гетьмана К. Розумовського (1750-64), який в 1785 продав їх в казну.

З 1781 – у складі Гадяцького повіту Чернігівського намісництва.

За переписом 1785 року у Сарах 99 хат, 225 жителів 1 письменний. 1791 село віднесено до Київського намісництва.

За переписом 1802 року – село власницьке і козацьке, 291 двір 2602 жителі.

У 1863 році Сари центр волості Гадяцького повіту має 291 двір та 2848 жителів, дерев'яну Різдва Богородиці церкву в одному зв'язку з дзвіницею (1782), при ній бібліотека.

У 1884 році 835 дворів, 5151 житель; 1900 – 1198 дворів, 8992 жителі, дерев'яна Миколаївська церква (1897); 1910 – 907 двори з них 364 не мали орної землі, 494 не мали коней. Найпоширенішим промислом  було щетинництво.

У грудні 1905 року в Сарській волості відбувся революційний виступ селян, який був придушений, організатори арештовані.

Радянську окупація розпочалась в січні 1918 року.

На 4.4.1922 у Сарівській волості 2278 дворів 12040 жителів.

У 1922 році створено Сарську с-г. комуну «Молода сім'я» за якою було закріплено 43 десятини землі.

З 1923 року в складі Гадяцького району, Роменського округу, 4136 жителів.

За переписом 1939 – 3995 жителів.

Тепер в селі ТОВ "Стандарт Агро" (зернового і тваринницького напрямку, тех. культури), відділення зв'язку, школа І-ІІІ ст., дільнична лікарня на 25 місць,  амбулаторія, дитсадок «Колосок» на 90 дітей. Будинок культури на 400 місць, клуб 300 місць, 2 бібліотеки (28 тис. од. зб.).

В зону АТО мобілізовано 19 солдатів.

Економіка
 ТОВ «Колос».
 ТОВ «Стандарт агро».
 Поблизу села Сари виявлені поклади газу і газового конденсату .

Об'єкти соціальної сфери
 Заклад дошкільної освіти "Колосок" Гадяцької міської ради
 Сарський опорний ліцей Гадяцької міської ради
 Комунальний заклад "Сарський сільський будинок культури" Гадяцької міської ради
 Сарська сільська бібліотека-філія № 1
 Сарська сільська бібліотека-філія № 2
 Сарська амбулаторія загальної практики сімейної медицини

Пам'ятки
В Сарах встановлено пам'ятники: на братській могилі які загинули 1943 під час визволення села від гітлерівців (1958), в пам'ять про воїнів односельців (492) що полягли на фронтах ВВВ (1967), та пам'ятник що споруджений 1912 на кошти жителів села односельцям, що загинули в рос-японській війні 1904-05.

Археологічні пам'ятки – слов'янські городище та поселення 8-10 і 11-13 ст, неолітичне поселення Гора Корсунка.

Відомі люди
 Амвросій Метлинський, (1814-70, Ялта. Літ. Псевдонім Амвросій Могила, Земляк) — український поет-романтик, перекладач, книговидавець. Професор Харківського і Київського університетів.
 Семен Метлинський (роки народження і смерті невідомі, літ. псевдонім Семен Родина) — український поет і етнограф. Був членом Російського георафічного товариства.
 Карасюк Іван Маркіянович (1923) — український вчений у галузі агрономії, професор, почесний член товариства ґрунтознавців і агрохіміків України.

Примітки

Посилання
 Погода в селі Сари

Села Полтавської області
Населені пункти Миргородського району


Thank you, James. What I like is the fact that despite the similarities, each apartment (as defined by its exterior color) seems to reflect the personality of its inhabitants.
Thank you very much - I'm delighted.


People who grow up with family violence have a lot of sad and negative beliefs about themselves that they carry through life until they get help in healing their pain and fear. Read on to learn more about family violence and the steps that can be taken to help heal the pain and deal with the chaos.
Growing up in a violent home does not mean you'll be violent.
Many people who grow up in violent homes worry that they too will become abusive, or that they will find themselves in abusive relationships. But this doesn't have to happen. Admitting that there was a problem in your family is the key to healing pain from the past, and creating a promising, violence-free future. It's never too early or too late to get help.
Witnessing violence means you have been victimized, even though the feelings you have to deal with may be different from those of the person who has been hit.
Violence is a symptom of deeper problems. When the violence stops, those problems will still exist. Not dealing with the problems is what causes violence to flare up again.
Threats of abuse, emotional and mental abuse, and physical injury are all forms of family violence that lead to hurt, loneliness, and pain for everyone at home.
Tell someone you trust about the situation. There are people who want to listen and help.
Call 911 to stop immediate violence. Sometimes only the police can help.


text:
Emma Nelson
Is Vietnam effectively under Chinese control?
powerVIETNAMworld affairsChina
Bill Hayton
Author of South China Sea: The Struggle For Power In Asia (Yale 2014), Vietnam: Rising Dragon (Yale 2010), TV journalist, Associate Fellow of @CHAsiaProg @bill_hayton
No, it's definitely not under the control of China. Attitudes towards China divide the country tremendously. Furthermore, what often appear to be divisions about the country's international orientation are, in fact reflections of divisions within Vietnamese society.
For example: what might appear to be an issue of whether Vietnam is going to be pro-China or pro-West, is often little more than a top level tussle about who, or which gang is going to dominate. Vietnam has a love-hate relationship with China. You just have to visit the country and you'll see how deep the influence is: from the architecture to the food.
"Vietnam has a love-hate relationship with China. You just have to visit the country and you'll see how deep the influence is: from the architecture to the food."
Seventy percent of Vietnamese vocabulary comes from the Chinese language. Yet, at the same time, Vietnam more or less defines itself in opposition to China. "You know we are Vietnamese because we are not Chinese." Sigmund Freud had a great quote about the so-called 'narcissism of minor difference' . The Vietnamese will hate me for saying this, but they say they have a culture that belongs within the Chinese orbit.
Vietnam tries to maintain its independence but it's very difficult when you're a country of 80 million people and you've got a country of 10 or 20 times that size on your northern border. You have to constantly work hard to maintain your independence. And part of that involves bowing down and tugging your forelock when you have to.
"The Vietnamese will hate me for saying this, but they say they have a culture that belongs within the Chinese orbit."
The other part involves standing up straight when you can. For example, Vietnam has a massive trade deficit with China, of around $35bn a year. It would dearly love to get rid of that but it knows it can't. It can't close the border because too much of its economy depends on things coming from China. Even on the issue of the South China Sea, Vietnam defends its own interests in terms of occupying certain islands. But it's not going to thumb its nose to China.
Where, for example the Philippines took a case against China to an international tribunal, It's very unlikely that Vietnam would do the same thing unless China does something very stupid. To do so would be disrespectful to China. China is the big brother and Vietnam the little brother, and deliberately trying to humiliate China would be upending of normal relations.


The aim of today's Journalist Day (Día del Periodista) in Spain is to make the people aware of risks that journalists have to face on and to communicate the importance of an independent journalism. Afghanista, Syria and Iran are currently the most dangerous places for journalists to cover stories as well as Mexico, China and Philipines. Only in the last year they were killed 80 reporters which is eight percent more than in the previous year. The difficulties for journalists working in war zones are of course armed conflicts together with the impunity causing more violence. In addition, they are sometimes victims of kidnappings, disappearances and government blackmailing.
In the first world journalists have to deal with low wages, high unemployment rates and the influences of economics and politics on the coverage. For newspaper missing advertisements are also a challenge. Due to all exercises of influence on reports the press liberty isn't even guaranteed everywhere in Europe. In surveys 8 of 10 professionals indicate openly to be worried about unemployment and precariousness in this sector. As during the economic crisis beginning from 2007 lots of jobs in the journalism sector has been axed, these figures don't surprise anymore. Studying journalism is gaining a lot of popularity among young students. It's concerning that each year more than 3.000 people graduate the carrer of a journalist. This is too much for the labor market to absorb them all.
Other negative aspects that journalists have to face on are the irregular working hours (often in different shifts), physical and psychological problems arising from work hours and a lot of stress due to an excessive workload.
But this stress won't be compensated by high wages. Around 45 percent of freelance journalists earn less than 1.000 euros per month. The wages in communication jobs are a bit higher but neither reach to more than 22.000 euros annually.
Respective the recent political situation in the United States which has always been a synonyme for liberty you can determine a step backwards. The US American journalists they have to defend themselves against Trump's repressions. Mexico has converted to the country where the most of reporters around the world were killed.


text:
Imperial Medicine Blog
Outpacing outbreaks: how we're making cheaper vaccines, faster
Zoltán Kis
Dr Cleo Kontoravdi and Dr Zoltán Kis
When outbreaks emerge, speeding up vaccine development could be the difference between life and death. In this post, Dr Zoltán Kis provides an insight into how Imperial's chemical engineers are making speedy vaccines a reality.
The worst Ebola epidemic in history swept across West Africa between 2014 to 2016, claiming 11,300 lives. This major outbreak was closely followed by the 2015-2016 Zika epidemic in Latin America. Preventing future epidemics is more important than ever and developing new vaccines are an essential weapon in fighting disease outbreaks. However, with the average vaccine development lasting 10 years, this is not comparable to the speed and frequency of outbreaks which can cause calamity in a matter of months.
So how can scientists outpace epidemics?
Here at the Future Vaccine Manufacturing Hub we are looking at new vaccine technologies that are instrumental to deploying vaccines quickly and more cost-effectively. We are a research network lead by Imperial, supported by eight British universities and institutes, and partnered with five companies and institutes from developing countries. Future manufacturing technologies and developments need to be flexible, rapid, low-cost and be able to deliver a high number (~100,000) of vaccine doses, within weeks after the identification of a new threat at a cost of below 1 $/dose.
Sounds impossible?
Well, we're at an exciting time, where new vaccine development platform technologies are emerging. These can produce a wide range of vaccines in a short time, including:
RNA vaccines:
RNA vaccines are promising, yet no RNA, or DNA vaccine has been approved for use in humans. The RNA vaccines consist of long RNA molecules which would encode the antigen that would offer immunogenicity against the pathogen, from which the antigen is derived. This way, the RNA would be inserted into patients, and the antigen would be produced by the cells of the patients. The beauty of this technology is that the RNA can encode virtually any protein sequence, this way a wide range of vaccines can be produced rapidly, using the same RNA manufacturing process.
Vaccines produced in humanised yeast:
Yeast is already used for the manufacturing of vaccines (e.g. against hepatitis B and human papillomavirus), however, if yeast could apply human glycosylation patterns the range of vaccines produced with yeast could be substantially increased, offering a platform for rapid and low-cost vaccine manufacturing.
Vaccine assembly in insect cells:
Insect cells can be programmed with the help of baculoviruses to produce large multi-protein complexes that can be easily configured to contain hundreds of antigenic surface determinants – the part that is recognised by the immune system, such as antibodies.
Engineering outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from bacteria to produce vaccines:
The advanced and programmable version of bacterial OMVs are the Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA). GMMA are secreted by bacteria and can be configured to contain a wide range of antigens embedded in the lipid membrane. GMMA can be produced at low cost by growing bacteria.
So, what's the next challenge?
The next hurdle is overcoming the cost and time challenge of the vaccine manufacturing process. Vaccine manufacturing technology development represents a major bottleneck in terms of cost and time. Developing a vaccine from concept to marketable product is generally estimated to cost between $200 million and $500+ million; the process commonly lasting between 5 and 18 years. In addition, it costs around $500 million to construct, equip and commission a vaccine manufacturing facility, taking on average 7 years.
To overcome these challenges, as chemical engineers we are looking into ways of substantially reducing the cost of vaccine manufacturing technology development, by lowering both the capital costs (consisting mostly of facility construction, equipment and machinery costs) and operational costs (consisting mostly of the costs of raw materials and consumables, labour cost and utility costs). To reduce capital costs, we are looking into simplifying the manufacturing process, using single-use equipment, and reducing equipment size requirements by increasing production yields. For operational cost reduction, we are exploring the use of less complex and lower cost raw materials and the use of lower volumes.
Additionally, by constructing manufacturing facilities in low- or middle-income countries, where vaccine demand is the highest, we would have the following advantages: lower real estate costs, lower construction material and construction labour costs, lower costs for low-skilled labour, lower costs for transporting the vaccine products to the communities in need of vaccination. However, this might require the import of specialized equipment, raw materials and high-skilled labour from developed countries.
What are the steps to commercialise these emerging technologies?
We will calculate and reduce the financial costs and assess the technological feasibility of the manufacturing processes for these four emerging vaccine platform technologies. We will compare these processes in terms of:
costs required to manufacture a dose;
capital investments;
the amount and type of labour required;
risks associated with the manufacturing technology and product (e.g. contamination and degradation risks);
speed of vaccine deployment from the identification of the genetic sequence of the antigen to vaccine delivery to affected areas;
flexibility for manufacturing a wide range of vaccines; and
the thermostability of the product at tropical ambient temperatures.
By making the vaccines thermostable at 40°C for six months, the cold-chain (cooling throughout the supply route of the vaccine) can be avoided. This will reduce costs and improve vaccination outcomes in isolated communities in developing countries where cooling is not possible.
How can you evaluate the feasibility of each vaccine platform technology?
To determine the technological and economic feasibility of each vaccine platform technology, we will:
model, simulate and optimize the manufacturing processes,
survey the scientific literature and patent databases, and interview experts.
In our process models and simulations, we will compute material and energy flows as well as labour input needs throughout the entire manufacturing process. Additionally, we will also consider and optimize resources for formulation, filling, capping & sealing, labelling, quality control and packaging. For the techno-economically most viable vaccine platform technology, a pilot scale facility will be constructed in a developing country, which can produce a wide range of high-demand or currently costly vaccines at low costs on a clinical trial scale. To satisfy vaccine demands and to further reduce manufacturing costs, a production scale facility should subsequently be constructed. The profits would be reinvested in constructing more facilities to meet regional and international vaccine demands.
Besides modelling and developing manufacturing technologies for these four novel platforms, our inter-disciplinary team is also keen to help improve existing vaccine manufacturing facilities, especially in developing countries, with the aim of reducing the cost per dose and increasing the flexibility of these plants to produce a wider range of vaccines. We are looking for collaborators that can support with rapid and cost-effective vaccine deployment and for vaccine manufacturers and developers in low- and middle-income countries that might require our help.
In our cross-disciplinary hub and through the likes of the Vaccine Research Network, chemical engineers, bioengineers, molecular biologists, medical researchers and industry experts are working closely together to develop vaccine technologies for preventing the spread of future epidemics and meeting global vaccination demands. As a result of doing this, we are solving a global healthcare challenge by establishing an effective method for outpacing deadly and debilitating infectious diseases and this has the potential to drastically reduce healthcare costs and to save countless lives.
Dr Zoltán Kis is a research associate at the Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering working with Dr Cleo Kontoravdi and Professor Nilay Shah and in the Future Vaccine Manufacturing Hub.
By Zoltán Kis
Categorised under Guest posts
Tagged Bioengineering, Research, Vaccine
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Easy question first: why do you want to study medicine?
Grandfather of allergy: Dr William Frankland, the 106-year-old doctor


text:
UK Nitro National Round 3
The 3rd round of the BRCA National Series took place at the Herts track over the weekend, and despite the threat of rain and cloudy conditions, the weather behaved and we were treated to an excellent race.
The track had been slightly altered since it was last raced, and the change was very good, making the back section much more racy and less stop start. A lot of oil had been applied to the surface, and it was really quite a different surface than we usually face when we come to Herts, as the wear rate on the tyres was very minimal, which would lead people to softer compounds than normal, even for the longer finals.
With practice underway and Darren was immediately looking strong and fast out of the blocks, and the rest of the gang were on the pace and looking good also. Ollie Currie, Jonny Skidmore, Will Skidmore and Tony Truman all showing good pace, along with Callum Niblett. Tyre choices were looking at a toss up between Cubez and Volante, both performing very well.
Round 1 of qualifying saw the leading guys make a few errors each, which meant they didn't quite reach their full potential, yet the times were still very close, with Jack Embling, Elliott Boots and Darren all split by 0.01 of a second, Darren and Elliott tied for 3rd in round. Tony Truman and Jonny Skidmore both made top 10 times and with Karl Jackson and Kevin Brunsden also in the 10, BETA tyres were looking very strong.
Round 2 saw Elliott and Darren stretch their legs a little and put the hammer down, both made small errors but it was Elliott who took the TQ from Darren. Callum Niblett and Ollie Currie were on the pace again, along with Tony Truman all pumping in the top 10 times.
Round 3 and after a few set up tweaks from Darren and he was motoring, just that bit quicker than Elliott could manage and as they went clean he was able to take the round win by a coupe of seconds, and Ollie Currie along with Jonny Skidmore also in the 10 the boys were delivering. The 4th and final round of qualifying to be held on Saturday saw yet another titanic battle between Darren and Elliott, and Elliott re-doubled his efforts to really put the pressure on Darren, only for Darren to once again find a bit more and take the round by a second. Jonny Skidmore was once again laying it down, while younger brother Will had quietly been going about his business and putting a string of really consistent runs together that were in the teens and showing he will be right there soon enough.
We came back Sunday morning with all to play for regards TQ, but Darren was confident after his pace in the latter rounds of qualifying on Saturday. The weather was pretty cool on Sunday morning and some overnight rain had taken the edge of the track making the times just a notch slower than on Saturday evening. This didn't stop Darren though and he powered to another round win to take the overall TQ with a 3 round clean sweep. Jonny Skidmore and Ollie Currie both in the top 10 in 7th and 8th respectively, and Tony Truman just outside in 11th. Callum Niblett hung on just to a semi final place in 20th, after some inconsistent runs had blunted his pace, still confident for the finals. William Skidmore was very unlucky and just missed a direct semi final place and would be pole in a 1/4 final.
William would progress comfortably from his 1/4 final however, and would secure that semi final place his driving and so deserved. On the other side of the 1/4 finals, Ben Williams also made a great race and he also progressed through to the semis.
The B semi was full of drama, with people breaking down and making lots of mistakes, and this would allow Callum Niblett to drive a nice and consistent race, despite a bad start to get himself through and into the final with a 5th place finish. Sadly Ollie Currie had a disaster at the beginning, and was the best part of 3/4 of a lap down, a strong drive from there brought him back into contention, but he would miss out by one place and finish 8th.
Darren decided to use the semi to try a harder compound of tyre, just to be sure he wasn't missing out and he found the harder compound to not be as good as his Supersofts from qualifying. He would finish 2nd behind Lee Martin and line up 3rd on the grid, he would be back to the the softer compound for the main final. Jonny Skidmore had a dodgy final, which included a stop and go, but he battled through and would squeeze through to make the show.
The main final got underway and Darren made an error on lap 2, which dropped him back in the pack, making him work hard to get back to the front, which he did and joined the battle with Elliott and Lee at the front. It was clear Darren just had the edge on those guys on pace, and when he hit the front after 5 minutes or so, he was able to just stretch the advantage little by little. Darren and Elliott were hard at it lap after lap, Darren stretched away by about 6 seconds, before a mistake let Elliott back in. Darren pace took him clear again by a few seconds, and Elliott then tried to respond by pushing ever harder to make it up, but then a few mistakes crept in and he would drop back allowing Darren to cruise to the flag by 8.4 seconds after 45 minutes. Jonny Skidmore drove an excellent race, he had been in a long battle with Neil Cragg, who he kept at bay. Jonny took a richly deserved 3rd place, and his first podium at a Nitro BRCA National.
It was a great event for the NEMO team, and at a good time just before they head off to the Euros in Spain.
The next BRCA race is a new venue for most, down at the Pembrey Race Circuit in South Wales and we look forward to this and see what we find...


The euro was steady against the dollar on Thursday ahead of a widely expected interest rate cut by the European Central Bank with the focus on whether it would provide extra support to indebted euro zone countries.
Investors shuffled positions ahead of a crucial EU leaders meeting on Thursday night and Friday, with doubts already creeping in about whether politicians can agree to a comprehensive fiscal plan that will address the euro zone's two-year-old debt crisis.
The euro held flat at $1.3405, roughly in the middle of its tight $1.3332-3486 range from the past week. It got a slight lift early in the European session after Clearing houses LCH.Clearnet SA and Cassa Di Compensazione e Garanzia cut the margin requirements on Italian bonds.
It had mover higher in the Asian session after the Nikkei business daily said the G20 was preparing a $600bn lending facility for the IMF to help Europe, but the move faded after it was denied by G20 and IMF officials.
The euro has gained 1.4 percent since it hit a seven-week trough of $1.3213 on November 25, but investors are wary to build positions as many do not believe that the EU summit will provide a fix to the two-year old sovereign debt crisis.
"Some of the optimism from the summit has dissipated and I do not expect much of a surprise from the ECB either," said Jeremy Stretch, head of currency strategy at CIBC World Market.
"The euro will trade in a range of $1.3350-1.3450 with the ECB chief putting the onus on politicians to get their act together before he can provide more support in the form of buying more peripheral debt."
Money markets are fully pricing in a 25 basis point rate cut by the ECB on Thursday with the risk of more easing next year. The decision will be announced at 1245 GMT followed by a press conference by ECB president Mario Draghi.
With monetary policy already easy, markets expect the ECB to lean more towards non-standard measures like more liquidity injection and loosening of collateral eligibility.
According to Citi's index on hedge fund positioning, there has been little evidence of short covering over the past two weeks and not much substantial buying in anticipation of this week's events.
"This could soften the blow on FX if policymakers disappoint and it sets a relatively low bar for a euro-positive surprise," its strategists said in a note.
The euro could also take direction from how peripheral bonds and stock markets react to the ECB meeting. If risk appetite improves, the common currency could get a fleeting boost.
Any gains could run into more selling by investors who are still inclined to run bearish positions on the euro.
A key focal point of the summit is whether euro zone leaders make enough progress towards fiscal integration and more stringent budgetary discipline to pave the way for the ECB to take a greater role in stabilising bond markets.
Investors are hoping the summit will seek to increase the firepower of the current euro zone rescue fund and its successor, so that a credible backstop is put in place contain a debt contagion.
But a senior German official has already dampened hopes, saying Berlin is increasingly pessimistic because some governments don't seem to grasp the gravity of the situation.
Some analysts, though, suspect that Germany is trying to lower expectations so that, when there are announcements on Friday, markets will react enthusiastically.
"There has been an intense management of expectations ahead of the summit," said George Saravelos, G10 FX strategist at Deutsche Bank. "What will be crucial for markets is whether the summit will deliver enough for the ECB to act. So even if there is a lift in the euro post-ECB, most will be wary going into the summit."
The euro was down 0.4 percent against the yen at 103.71 yen and flat at 1.2381 Swiss francs.
It rose to a one-month high of around 1.2443 francs after the Swiss finance minister said authorities could consider negative interest rate and capital control options to curb the franc's strength.
The dollar fell 0.15 percent against a basket of currencies to 78.369 and dropped 0.4 percent against the yen to 77.38 yen.
Sterling was slightly higher against the dollar at $1.5784 and firm near a one-month high against the euro ahead of a rate decision by the Bank of England. The BoE is expected to hold interest rates unchanged at 0.5 percent and reaffirm a commitment to loose policy.


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Фридлянд, Семён:
 Фридлянд, Семён — советский и белорусский кинооператор.
 Фридлянд, Семён Осипович (1905—1964) — советский фотограф и журналист, двоюродный брат М. Е. Фридлянда.
 Фридлянд, Семён Яковлевич (1927—1978) — советский теннисист и тренер, в 1950—1959 годы входил в десятку сильнейших теннисистов СССР.


We currently have a variety of recycled synthetic turf for sale. The infill has been removed and the turf is rolled back up into manageable lengths.
Turf does contain sports lines that are easily removed with a carpet blade.
Dual-axle trailer required for hauling.
*Selling as an entire soccer field.


text:
Postcultural
A running commentary on my many obsessions.
← Network upfronts in the Silver Era of television
Real World: Boston #1: First Impressions →
13 going on 30: revisiting The Real World: Boston
When I think back to my coming of age in the second half of the '90s, a monolith of pop culture rises from a horizon littered with alt-rock CDs, Kevin Smith VHS rentals and all-black band tees: MTV. While we'd later reminisce about a time when MTV "still played music," music is secondary in most of my MTV memories, even at a time when music videos were still a key part of the channel's brand. It is episodes of the personality-defining Daria, the then-shocking True Life documentaries or even the MTV-after-dark drama Undressed that define this period, more so than increasingly-infrequent music videos caught at off-peak hours or on TRL (begrudgingly, of course).
Yet no matter when your peak MTV viewing took place, one show remained a constant, a stand-in for your first glimpse of adulthood: The Real World. Premiering in 1992, The Real World kicked off the modern era of reality TV and set the trope table, establishing everything from the identity and personality checklists favored by casting directors to the video vérité style and confessional interview segments that have become TV staples (in reality TV and beyond).
My earliest memories of The Real World are from the 1996 season, and the allure to a 12-year-old is obvious: good-looking twentysomethings living and loving in a Miami dream house, with the occasional clandestine bathroom threesome. My interest was piqued, to say the least, but I didn't fully take the plunge until the show's sixth season in 1997.
While I would go on to watch the show for a few more years — including the iconic Seattle season and the sociopathic Hawaii one, along with parts of the mostly-forgettable New Orleans and return-to-New-York seasons — The Real World: Boston is the season that registers most clearly as a Key Part Of My Youth. I'd like to think it's because Boston is objectively better, whether in storytelling or "character" development, but it's probably because anyone's favorite season of The Real World is the one they watched when they were 13. I didn't have a bar mitzvah, I had The Real World: Boston.
I recently watched the first several episodes of Lifetime's UnReal, a much-better-than-it-should-be drama that peaks behind the curtain of a Bachelor-style dating show, with heavy doses of satire and dark comedy. The show got me thinking about the roots of reality TV, portrayals of reality TV in fiction, and moments when reality TV has broken it's own fourth wall. Without spoiling UnReal, I was reminded of this key moment from Seattle: the tearful fight between cast-member David Burns and Bunim-Murray casting director Kira Gourguechon, the latter of whom lost her job for mixing reality with reality TV (the fact that this is the second most iconic moment of Seattle is probably why the season is near the top of most "Best Of" lists).
In a desperate, post-midnight search for more Real World episodes, I was faced with the cruel facts: apart from the first and most recent nine seasons, the show doesn't exist online. Whether it's because MTV has misjudged the nostalgia market, or doesn't want to deal with the music licensing issues that delayed Daria and The State reissues, it's a huge missed opportunity, especially when everything else seems so readily in-reach in the age of on-demand culture.
But this isn't my first rodeo. I managed to track down grainy VHS rips of The Real World: Boston, diving back into a world that is immediately as familiar as any of the TV shows that I've lived with in the intervening years. Even in the first episode, I was struck by the moment that Boston captured, not just for me, but for the medium. Characters were developed, cliques were formed and plot lines were foreshadowed, right at the moment as The Real World cast became self-aware. This is excellent TV.
With that in mind (and a gentle nudge from a friend), I'll be blogging my re-viewing of The Real World: Boston. I still hate recap culture, and while this may seem as asinine an endeavor as proving the Caine-Hackman theory, I'm intrigued by the novelty of visiting a cultural artifact, and seeing how my memories of watching it at 13 compare with the experience of watching it at 30.
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Alec Baldwin to reprise 'SNL' Donald Trump impression
By Natalie Dreier, Cox Media Group National Content Desk
After saying he may be stepping away from his popular impressions of the 45th president, Alec Baldwin is now saying he'll be back portraying Donald Trump on the next season of "Saturday Night Live."
Explore>> Read more trending news
Baldwin told CNN, "Yeah, we're going to fit that in. I think people have enjoyed it."
The 59-year-old actor was in New York City to promote his new movie "Blind."
He was also the focus of an upcoming Spike TV roast, which was taped Sunday night. Robert DeNiro, Julianne Moore and Tracy Morgan were among stars and friends who mentioned Baldwin's impression during their segments of the event, CNN reported. The roast will air on July 9 on Spike.
Earlier this year, Baldwin said he wasn't sure if he was going to be back on "SNL" because he thought that the impression was becoming too much for the audience.
Baldwin has hosted "SNL" a record 17 times. The show has been on the air since 1975.
Credit: DaytonDailyNews
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Queen Elizabeth II dead at 96 after 70 years on the throne
US marks 1 million COVID deaths; DeWine orders flags at half-staff
Natalie Dreier, Cox Media Group National Content Desk


text:
Q: Hibernate - Tomcat - MySQL issue Dear All,
I'm testing a Struts webApp using hibernate-mysql on tomcat7...
After the 8 hours timeout period my webApp always crashes. I've changed configurations here and there. But no success.
I really appreciate your attention...
Here some lines from hibernate.xml

 property name="hibernate.bytecode.use_reflection_optimizer">false
    property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">30
    property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">600
    property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">50
    property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5
    property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">1800
    property name="hibernate.c3p0.testConnectionOnCheckout">true
    property name="hibernate.connection.provider_class">org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider
    property name="hibernate.c3p0.validate">true
    property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/stockdb?autoReconnect=true

Here are some of lines from my stacktraces:

    com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewPooledConnection handleThrowable
    WARNING: [c3p0] A PooledConnection that has already signalled a Connection error is still in use!
    ...

WARNING: [c3p0] Another error has occurred [ com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLNonTransientConnectionException: No operations allowed after statement closed. ] which will not be reported to listeners!
...

com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLNonTransientConnectionException: No operations allowed after statement closed.

...
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1014)
...

at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewProxyPreparedStatement.getMaxRows(NewProxyPreparedStatement.java:1200)

at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.closeQueryStatement(AbstractBatcher.java:212)

...
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invokeAction(DefaultActionInvocation.java:452)
...

Please help!

A: Tomcat has a database connection pool that's included out of the box. To configure MySQL, for example:
<Context>

    <!-- maxActive: Maximum number of database connections in pool. Make sure you
         configure your mysqld max_connections large enough to handle
         all of your db connections. Set to -1 for no limit.
         -->

    <!-- maxIdle: Maximum number of idle database connections to retain in pool.
         Set to -1 for no limit.  See also the DBCP documentation on this
         and the minEvictableIdleTimeMillis configuration parameter.
         -->

    <!-- maxWait: Maximum time to wait for a database connection to become available
         in ms, in this example 10 seconds. An Exception is thrown if
         this timeout is exceeded.  Set to -1 to wait indefinitely.
         -->

    <!-- username and password: MySQL username and password for database connections  -->

    <!-- driverClassName: Class name for the old mm.mysql JDBC driver is
         org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver - we recommend using Connector/J though.
         Class name for the official MySQL Connector/J driver is com.mysql.jdbc.Driver.
         -->

    <!-- url: The JDBC connection url for connecting to your MySQL database.
         -->

  <Resource name="jdbc/TestDB" auth="Container" type="javax.sql.DataSource"
               maxActive="100" maxIdle="30" maxWait="10000"
               username="javauser" password="javadude" driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
               url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/javatest"/>

</Context>

Then you'll need to configure your connection as follows:
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        PoolProperties p = new PoolProperties();
        p.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql");
        p.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        p.setUsername("root");
        p.setPassword("password");
        p.setJmxEnabled(true);
        p.setTestWhileIdle(false);
        p.setTestOnBorrow(true);
        p.setValidationQuery("SELECT 1");
        p.setTestOnReturn(false);
        p.setValidationInterval(30000);
        p.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(30000);
        p.setMaxActive(100);
        p.setInitialSize(10);
        p.setMaxWait(10000);
        p.setRemoveAbandonedTimeout(60);
        p.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(30000);
        p.setMinIdle(10);
        p.setLogAbandoned(true);
        p.setRemoveAbandoned(true);
 p.setJdbcInterceptors("org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ConnectionState;org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementFinalizer");
        DataSource datasource = new DataSource();
        datasource.setPoolProperties(p);

        Connection con = null;
        con = datasource.getConnection();

Now, proceed as one normally would with your JDBC code.

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