text:
// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

package io.flutter.embedding.android;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.graphics.Insets;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.LocaleList;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.annotation.RequiresApi;
import android.support.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
import android.text.format.DateFormat;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.KeyEvent;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.WindowInsets;
import android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityManager;
import android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityNodeProvider;
import android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo;
import android.view.inputmethod.InputConnection;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import io.flutter.Log;
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.FlutterEngine;
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.renderer.FlutterRenderer;
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.renderer.FlutterUiDisplayListener;
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.renderer.RenderSurface;
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.systemchannels.SettingsChannel;
import io.flutter.plugin.editing.TextInputPlugin;
import io.flutter.plugin.platform.PlatformViewsController;
import io.flutter.view.AccessibilityBridge;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Displays a Flutter UI on an Android device.
 *
 *
A {@code FlutterView}'s UI is painted by a corresponding {@link FlutterEngine}.
 *
 *
A {@code FlutterView} can operate in 2 different {@link
 * io.flutter.embedding.android.RenderMode}s:
 *
 *

 *
{@link io.flutter.embedding.android.RenderMode#surface}, which paints a Flutter UI to a
 *       {@link android.view.SurfaceView}. This mode has the best performance, but a {@code
 *       FlutterView} in this mode cannot be positioned between 2 other Android {@code View}s in the
 *       z-index, nor can it be animated/transformed. Unless the special capabilities of a {@link
 *       android.graphics.SurfaceTexture} are required, developers should strongly prefer this
 *       render mode.
 *
{@link io.flutter.embedding.android.RenderMode#texture}, which paints a Flutter UI to a
 *       {@link android.graphics.SurfaceTexture}. This mode is not as performant as {@link
 *       io.flutter.embedding.android.RenderMode#surface}, but a {@code FlutterView} in this mode
 *       can be animated and transformed, as well as positioned in the z-index between 2+ other
 *       Android {@code Views}. Unless the special capabilities of a {@link
 *       android.graphics.SurfaceTexture} are required, developers should strongly prefer the {@link
 *       io.flutter.embedding.android.RenderMode#surface} render mode.
 *

 *
 * See https://source.android.com/devices/graphics/arch-tv#surface_or_texture for more
 * information comparing {@link android.view.SurfaceView} and {@link android.view.TextureView}.
 */
public class FlutterView extends FrameLayout {
  private static final String TAG = "FlutterView";

  // Internal view hierarchy references.
  @Nullable private FlutterSurfaceView flutterSurfaceView;
  @Nullable private FlutterTextureView flutterTextureView;
  @Nullable private RenderSurface renderSurface;
  private final Set<FlutterUiDisplayListener> flutterUiDisplayListeners = new HashSet<>();
  private boolean isFlutterUiDisplayed;

  // Connections to a Flutter execution context.
  @Nullable private FlutterEngine flutterEngine;

  @NonNull
  private final Set<FlutterEngineAttachmentListener> flutterEngineAttachmentListeners =
      new HashSet<>();

  // Components that process various types of Android View input and events,
  // possibly storing intermediate state, and communicating those events to Flutter.
  //
  // These components essentially add some additional behavioral logic on top of
  // existing, stateless system channels, e.g., KeyEventChannel, TextInputChannel, etc.
  @Nullable private TextInputPlugin textInputPlugin;
  @Nullable private AndroidKeyProcessor androidKeyProcessor;
  @Nullable private AndroidTouchProcessor androidTouchProcessor;
  @Nullable private AccessibilityBridge accessibilityBridge;

  // Directly implemented View behavior that communicates with Flutter.
  private final FlutterRenderer.ViewportMetrics viewportMetrics =
      new FlutterRenderer.ViewportMetrics();

  private final AccessibilityBridge.OnAccessibilityChangeListener onAccessibilityChangeListener =
      new AccessibilityBridge.OnAccessibilityChangeListener() {
        @Override
        public void onAccessibilityChanged(
            boolean isAccessibilityEnabled, boolean isTouchExplorationEnabled) {
          resetWillNotDraw(isAccessibilityEnabled, isTouchExplorationEnabled);
        }
      };

  private final FlutterUiDisplayListener flutterUiDisplayListener =
      new FlutterUiDisplayListener() {
        @Override
        public void onFlutterUiDisplayed() {
          isFlutterUiDisplayed = true;

          for (FlutterUiDisplayListener listener : flutterUiDisplayListeners) {
            listener.onFlutterUiDisplayed();
          }
        }

        @Override
        public void onFlutterUiNoLongerDisplayed() {
          isFlutterUiDisplayed = false;

          for (FlutterUiDisplayListener listener : flutterUiDisplayListeners) {
            listener.onFlutterUiNoLongerDisplayed();
          }
        }
      };

  /**
   * Constructs a {@code FlutterView} programmatically, without any XML attributes.
   *
   *

   *
   *

   *
A {@link FlutterSurfaceView} is used to render the Flutter UI.
   *
{@code transparencyMode} defaults to {@link TransparencyMode#opaque}.
   *

   *
   * {@code FlutterView} requires an {@code Activity} instead of a generic {@code Context} to be
   * compatible with {@link PlatformViewsController}.
   */
  public FlutterView(@NonNull Context context) {
    this(context, null, new FlutterSurfaceView(context));
  }

  /**
   * Deprecated - use {@link #FlutterView(Context, FlutterSurfaceView)} or {@link
   * #FlutterView(Context, FlutterTextureView)} instead.
   */
  @Deprecated
  public FlutterView(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull RenderMode renderMode) {
    super(context, null);

    if (renderMode == RenderMode.surface) {
      flutterSurfaceView = new FlutterSurfaceView(context);
      renderSurface = flutterSurfaceView;
    } else {
      flutterTextureView = new FlutterTextureView(context);
      renderSurface = flutterTextureView;
    }

    init();
  }

  /**
   * Deprecated - use {@link #FlutterView(Context, FlutterSurfaceView)} or {@link
   * #FlutterView(Context, FlutterTextureView)} instead, and configure the incoming {@code
   * FlutterSurfaceView} or {@code FlutterTextureView} for transparency as desired.
   *
   *
Constructs a {@code FlutterView} programmatically, without any XML attributes, uses a {@link
   * FlutterSurfaceView} to render the Flutter UI, and allows selection of a {@code
   * transparencyMode}.
   *
   *
{@code FlutterView} requires an {@code Activity} instead of a generic {@code Context} to be
   * compatible with {@link PlatformViewsController}.
   */
  @Deprecated
  public FlutterView(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull TransparencyMode transparencyMode) {
    this(
        context,
        null,
        new FlutterSurfaceView(context, transparencyMode == TransparencyMode.transparent));
  }

  /**
   * Constructs a {@code FlutterView} programmatically, without any XML attributes, uses the given
   * {@link FlutterSurfaceView} to render the Flutter UI, and allows selection of a {@code
   * transparencyMode}.
   *
   *
{@code FlutterView} requires an {@code Activity} instead of a generic {@code Context} to be
   * compatible with {@link PlatformViewsController}.
   */
  public FlutterView(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull FlutterSurfaceView flutterSurfaceView) {
    this(context, null, flutterSurfaceView);
  }

  /**
   * Constructs a {@code FlutterView} programmatically, without any XML attributes, uses the given
   * {@link FlutterTextureView} to render the Flutter UI, and allows selection of a {@code
   * transparencyMode}.
   *
   *
{@code FlutterView} requires an {@code Activity} instead of a generic {@code Context} to be
   * compatible with {@link PlatformViewsController}.
   */
  public FlutterView(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull FlutterTextureView flutterTextureView) {
    this(context, null, flutterTextureView);
  }

  /**
   * Constructs a {@code FlutterView} in an XML-inflation-compliant manner.
   *
   *
{@code FlutterView} requires an {@code Activity} instead of a generic {@code Context} to be
   * compatible with {@link PlatformViewsController}.
   */
  // TODO(mattcarroll): expose renderMode in XML when build system supports R.attr
  public FlutterView(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
    this(context, attrs, new FlutterSurfaceView(context));
  }

  /**
   * Deprecated - use {@link #FlutterView(Context, FlutterSurfaceView)} or {@link
   * #FlutterView(Context, FlutterTextureView)} instead, and configure the incoming {@code
   * FlutterSurfaceView} or {@code FlutterTextureView} for transparency as desired.
   */
  @Deprecated
  public FlutterView(
      @NonNull Context context,
      @NonNull RenderMode renderMode,
      @NonNull TransparencyMode transparencyMode) {
    super(context, null);

    if (renderMode == RenderMode.surface) {
      flutterSurfaceView =
          new FlutterSurfaceView(context, transparencyMode == TransparencyMode.transparent);
      renderSurface = flutterSurfaceView;
    } else {
      flutterTextureView = new FlutterTextureView(context);
      renderSurface = flutterTextureView;
    }

    init();
  }

  private FlutterView(
      @NonNull Context context,
      @Nullable AttributeSet attrs,
      @NonNull FlutterSurfaceView flutterSurfaceView) {
    super(context, attrs);

    this.flutterSurfaceView = flutterSurfaceView;
    this.renderSurface = flutterSurfaceView;

    init();
  }

  private FlutterView(
      @NonNull Context context,
      @Nullable AttributeSet attrs,
      @NonNull FlutterTextureView flutterTextureView) {
    super(context, attrs);

    this.flutterTextureView = flutterTextureView;
    this.renderSurface = flutterSurfaceView;

    init();
  }

  private void init() {
    Log.v(TAG, "Initializing FlutterView");

    if (flutterSurfaceView != null) {
      Log.v(TAG, "Internally using a FlutterSurfaceView.");
      addView(flutterSurfaceView);
    } else {
      Log.v(TAG, "Internally using a FlutterTextureView.");
      addView(flutterTextureView);
    }

    // FlutterView needs to be focusable so that the InputMethodManager can interact with it.
    setFocusable(true);
    setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if an attached {@link FlutterEngine} has rendered at least 1 frame to this {@code
   * FlutterView}.
   *
   *
Returns false if no {@link FlutterEngine} is attached.
   *
   *
This flag is specific to a given {@link FlutterEngine}. The following hypothetical timeline
   * demonstrates how this flag changes over time.
   *
   *

   *
{@code flutterEngineA} is attached to this {@code FlutterView}: returns false
   *
{@code flutterEngineA} renders its first frame to this {@code FlutterView}: returns true
   *
{@code flutterEngineA} is detached from this {@code FlutterView}: returns false
   *
{@code flutterEngineB} is attached to this {@code FlutterView}: returns false
   *
{@code flutterEngineB} renders its first frame to this {@code FlutterView}: returns true
   *

   */
  public boolean hasRenderedFirstFrame() {
    return isFlutterUiDisplayed;
  }

  /**
   * Adds the given {@code listener} to this {@code FlutterView}, to be notified upon Flutter's
   * first rendered frame.
   */
  public void addOnFirstFrameRenderedListener(@NonNull FlutterUiDisplayListener listener) {
    flutterUiDisplayListeners.add(listener);
  }

  /**
   * Removes the given {@code listener}, which was previously added with {@link
   * #addOnFirstFrameRenderedListener(FlutterUiDisplayListener)}.
   */
  public void removeOnFirstFrameRenderedListener(@NonNull FlutterUiDisplayListener listener) {
    flutterUiDisplayListeners.remove(listener);
  }

  // ------- Start: Process View configuration that Flutter cares about. ------
  /**
   * Sends relevant configuration data from Android to Flutter when the Android {@link
   * Configuration} changes.
   *
   *
The Android {@link Configuration} might change as a result of device orientation change,
   * device language change, device text scale factor change, etc.
   */
  @Override
  protected void onConfigurationChanged(@NonNull Configuration newConfig) {
    super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
    // We've observed on Android Q that going to the background, changing
    // orientation, and bringing the app back to foreground results in a sequence
    // of detatch from flutterEngine, onConfigurationChanged, followed by attach
    // to flutterEngine.
    // No-op here so that we avoid NPE; these channels will get notified once
    // the activity or fragment tell the view to attach to the Flutter engine
    // again (e.g. in onStart).
    if (flutterEngine != null) {
      Log.v(TAG, "Configuration changed. Sending locales and user settings to Flutter.");
      sendLocalesToFlutter(newConfig);
      sendUserSettingsToFlutter();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Invoked when this {@code FlutterView} changes size, including upon initial measure.
   *
   *
The initial measure reports an {@code oldWidth} and {@code oldHeight} of zero.
   *
   *
Flutter cares about the width and height of the view that displays it on the host platform.
   * Therefore, when this method is invoked, the new width and height are communicated to Flutter as
   * the "physical size" of the view that displays Flutter's UI.
   */
  @Override
  protected void onSizeChanged(int width, int height, int oldWidth, int oldHeight) {
    super.onSizeChanged(width, height, oldWidth, oldHeight);
    Log.v(
        TAG,
        "Size changed. Sending Flutter new viewport metrics. FlutterView was "
            + oldWidth
            + " x "
            + oldHeight
            + ", it is now "
            + width
            + " x "
            + height);
    viewportMetrics.width = width;
    viewportMetrics.height = height;
    sendViewportMetricsToFlutter();
  }

  /**
   * Invoked when Android's desired window insets change, i.e., padding.
   *
   *
Flutter does not use a standard {@code View} hierarchy and therefore Flutter is unaware of
   * these insets. Therefore, this method calculates the viewport metrics that Flutter should use
   * and then sends those metrics to Flutter.
   *
   *
This callback is not present in API < 20, which means lower API devices will see the wider
   * than expected padding when the status and navigation bars are hidden.
   */
  @Override
  @TargetApi(20)
  @RequiresApi(20)
  // The annotations to suppress "InlinedApi" and "NewApi" lints prevent lint warnings
  // caused by usage of Android Q APIs. These calls are safe because they are
  // guarded.
  @SuppressLint({"InlinedApi", "NewApi"})
  @NonNull
  public final WindowInsets onApplyWindowInsets(@NonNull WindowInsets insets) {
    WindowInsets newInsets = super.onApplyWindowInsets(insets);

    // Status bar (top) and left/right system insets should partially obscure the content (padding).
    viewportMetrics.paddingTop = insets.getSystemWindowInsetTop();
    viewportMetrics.paddingRight = insets.getSystemWindowInsetRight();
    viewportMetrics.paddingBottom = 0;
    viewportMetrics.paddingLeft = insets.getSystemWindowInsetLeft();

    // Bottom system inset (keyboard) should adjust scrollable bottom edge (inset).
    viewportMetrics.viewInsetTop = 0;
    viewportMetrics.viewInsetRight = 0;
    viewportMetrics.viewInsetBottom = insets.getSystemWindowInsetBottom();
    viewportMetrics.viewInsetLeft = 0;

    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
      Insets systemGestureInsets = insets.getSystemGestureInsets();
      viewportMetrics.systemGestureInsetTop = systemGestureInsets.top;
      viewportMetrics.systemGestureInsetRight = systemGestureInsets.right;
      viewportMetrics.systemGestureInsetBottom = systemGestureInsets.bottom;
      viewportMetrics.systemGestureInsetLeft = systemGestureInsets.left;
    }

    Log.v(
        TAG,
        "Updating window insets (onApplyWindowInsets()):\n"
            + "Status bar insets: Top: "
            + viewportMetrics.paddingTop
            + ", Left: "
            + viewportMetrics.paddingLeft
            + ", Right: "
            + viewportMetrics.paddingRight
            + "\n"
            + "Keyboard insets: Bottom: "
            + viewportMetrics.viewInsetBottom
            + ", Left: "
            + viewportMetrics.viewInsetLeft
            + ", Right: "
            + viewportMetrics.viewInsetRight
            + "System Gesture Insets - Left: "
            + viewportMetrics.systemGestureInsetLeft
            + ", Top: "
            + viewportMetrics.systemGestureInsetTop
            + ", Right: "
            + viewportMetrics.systemGestureInsetRight
            + ", Bottom: "
            + viewportMetrics.viewInsetBottom);

    sendViewportMetricsToFlutter();

    return newInsets;
  }

  /**
   * Invoked when Android's desired window insets change, i.e., padding.
   *
   *
{@code fitSystemWindows} is an earlier version of {@link
   * #onApplyWindowInsets(WindowInsets)}. See that method for more details about how window insets
   * relate to Flutter.
   */
  @Override
  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
  protected boolean fitSystemWindows(@NonNull Rect insets) {
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
      // Status bar, left/right system insets partially obscure content (padding).
      viewportMetrics.paddingTop = insets.top;
      viewportMetrics.paddingRight = insets.right;
      viewportMetrics.paddingBottom = 0;
      viewportMetrics.paddingLeft = insets.left;

      // Bottom system inset (keyboard) should adjust scrollable bottom edge (inset).
      viewportMetrics.viewInsetTop = 0;
      viewportMetrics.viewInsetRight = 0;
      viewportMetrics.viewInsetBottom = insets.bottom;
      viewportMetrics.viewInsetLeft = 0;

      Log.v(
          TAG,
          "Updating window insets (fitSystemWindows()):\n"
              + "Status bar insets: Top: "
              + viewportMetrics.paddingTop
              + ", Left: "
              + viewportMetrics.paddingLeft
              + ", Right: "
              + viewportMetrics.paddingRight
              + "\n"
              + "Keyboard insets: Bottom: "
              + viewportMetrics.viewInsetBottom
              + ", Left: "
              + viewportMetrics.viewInsetLeft
              + ", Right: "
              + viewportMetrics.viewInsetRight);

      sendViewportMetricsToFlutter();
      return true;
    } else {
      return super.fitSystemWindows(insets);
    }
  }
  // ------- End: Process View configuration that Flutter cares about. --------

  // -------- Start: Process UI I/O that Flutter cares about. -------
  /**
   * Creates an {@link InputConnection} to work with a {@link
   * android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodManager}.
   *
   *
Any {@code View} that can take focus or process text input must implement this method by
   * returning a non-null {@code InputConnection}. Flutter may render one or many focusable and
   * text-input widgets, therefore {@code FlutterView} must support an {@code InputConnection}.
   *
   *
The {@code InputConnection} returned from this method comes from a {@link TextInputPlugin},
   * which is owned by this {@code FlutterView}. A {@link TextInputPlugin} exists to encapsulate the
   * nuances of input communication, rather than spread that logic throughout this {@code
   * FlutterView}.
   */
  @Override
  @Nullable
  public InputConnection onCreateInputConnection(@NonNull EditorInfo outAttrs) {
    if (!isAttachedToFlutterEngine()) {
      return super.onCreateInputConnection(outAttrs);
    }

    return textInputPlugin.createInputConnection(this, outAttrs);
  }

  /**
   * Allows a {@code View} that is not currently the input connection target to invoke commands on
   * the {@link android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodManager}, which is otherwise disallowed.
   *
   *
Returns true to allow non-input-connection-targets to invoke methods on {@code
   * InputMethodManager}, or false to exclusively allow the input connection target to invoke such
   * methods.
   */
  @Override
  public boolean checkInputConnectionProxy(View view) {
    return flutterEngine != null
        ? flutterEngine.getPlatformViewsController().checkInputConnectionProxy(view)
        : super.checkInputConnectionProxy(view);
  }

  /**
   * Invoked when key is released.
   *
   *
This method is typically invoked in response to the release of a physical keyboard key or a
   * D-pad button. It is generally not invoked when a virtual software keyboard is used, though a
   * software keyboard may choose to invoke this method in some situations.
   *
   *
{@link KeyEvent}s are sent from Android to Flutter. {@link AndroidKeyProcessor} may do some
   * additional work with the given {@link KeyEvent}, e.g., combine this {@code keyCode} with the
   * previous {@code keyCode} to generate a unicode combined character.
   */
  @Override
  public boolean onKeyUp(int keyCode, @NonNull KeyEvent event) {
    if (!isAttachedToFlutterEngine()) {
      return super.onKeyUp(keyCode, event);
    }

    androidKeyProcessor.onKeyUp(event);
    return super.onKeyUp(keyCode, event);
  }

  /**
   * Invoked when key is pressed.
   *
   *
This method is typically invoked in response to the press of a physical keyboard key or a
   * D-pad button. It is generally not invoked when a virtual software keyboard is used, though a
   * software keyboard may choose to invoke this method in some situations.
   *
   *
{@link KeyEvent}s are sent from Android to Flutter. {@link AndroidKeyProcessor} may do some
   * additional work with the given {@link KeyEvent}, e.g., combine this {@code keyCode} with the
   * previous {@code keyCode} to generate a unicode combined character.
   */
  @Override
  public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, @NonNull KeyEvent event) {
    if (!isAttachedToFlutterEngine()) {
      return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
    }

    androidKeyProcessor.onKeyDown(event);
    return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
  }

  /**
   * Invoked by Android when a user touch event occurs.
   *
   *
Flutter handles all of its own gesture detection and processing, therefore this method
   * forwards all {@link MotionEvent} data from Android to Flutter.
   */
  @Override
  public boolean onTouchEvent(@NonNull MotionEvent event) {
    if (!isAttachedToFlutterEngine()) {
      return super.onTouchEvent(event);
    }

    // TODO(abarth): This version check might not be effective in some
    // versions of Android that statically compile code and will be upset
    // at the lack of |requestUnbufferedDispatch|. Instead, we should factor
    // version-dependent code into separate classes for each supported
    // version and dispatch dynamically.
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
      requestUnbufferedDispatch(event);
    }

    return androidTouchProcessor.onTouchEvent(event);
  }

  /**
   * Invoked by Android when a generic motion event occurs, e.g., joystick movement, mouse hover,
   * track pad touches, scroll wheel movements, etc.
   *
   *
Flutter handles all of its own gesture detection and processing, therefore this method
   * forwards all {@link MotionEvent} data from Android to Flutter.
   */
  @Override
  public boolean onGenericMotionEvent(@NonNull MotionEvent event) {
    boolean handled =
        isAttachedToFlutterEngine() && androidTouchProcessor.onGenericMotionEvent(event);
    return handled ? true : super.onGenericMotionEvent(event);
  }

  /**
   * Invoked by Android when a hover-compliant input system causes a hover event.
   *
   *
An example of hover events is a stylus sitting near an Android screen. As the stylus moves
   * from outside a {@code View} to hover over a {@code View}, or move around within a {@code View},
   * or moves from over a {@code View} to outside a {@code View}, a corresponding {@link
   * MotionEvent} is reported via this method.
   *
   *
Hover events can be used for accessibility touch exploration and therefore are processed
   * here for accessibility purposes.
   */
  @Override
  public boolean onHoverEvent(@NonNull MotionEvent event) {
    if (!isAttachedToFlutterEngine()) {
      return super.onHoverEvent(event);
    }

    boolean handled = accessibilityBridge.onAccessibilityHoverEvent(event);
    if (!handled) {
      // TODO(ianh): Expose hover events to the platform,
      // implementing ADD, REMOVE, etc.
    }
    return handled;
  }
  // -------- End: Process UI I/O that Flutter cares about. ---------

  // -------- Start: Accessibility -------
  @Override
  @Nullable
  public AccessibilityNodeProvider getAccessibilityNodeProvider() {
    if (accessibilityBridge != null && accessibilityBridge.isAccessibilityEnabled()) {
      return accessibilityBridge;
    } else {
      // TODO(goderbauer): when a11y is off this should return a one-off snapshot of
      // the a11y
      // tree.
      return null;
    }
  }

  // TODO(mattcarroll): Confer with Ian as to why we need this method. Delete if possible, otherwise
  // add comments.
  private void resetWillNotDraw(boolean isAccessibilityEnabled, boolean isTouchExplorationEnabled) {
    if (!flutterEngine.getRenderer().isSoftwareRenderingEnabled()) {
      setWillNotDraw(!(isAccessibilityEnabled || isTouchExplorationEnabled));
    } else {
      setWillNotDraw(false);
    }
  }
  // -------- End: Accessibility ---------

  /**
   * Connects this {@code FlutterView} to the given {@link FlutterEngine}.
   *
   *
This {@code FlutterView} will begin rendering the UI painted by the given {@link
   * FlutterEngine}. This {@code FlutterView} will also begin forwarding interaction events from
   * this {@code FlutterView} to the given {@link FlutterEngine}, e.g., user touch events,
   * accessibility events, keyboard events, and others.
   *
   *
See {@link #detachFromFlutterEngine()} for information on how to detach from a {@link
   * FlutterEngine}.
   */
  public void attachToFlutterEngine(@NonNull FlutterEngine flutterEngine) {
    Log.v(TAG, "Attaching to a FlutterEngine: " + flutterEngine);
    if (isAttachedToFlutterEngine()) {
      if (flutterEngine == this.flutterEngine) {
        // We are already attached to this FlutterEngine
        Log.v(TAG, "Already attached to this engine. Doing nothing.");
        return;
      }

      // Detach from a previous FlutterEngine so we can attach to this new one.
      Log.v(
          TAG,
          "Currently attached to a different engine. Detaching and then attaching"
              + " to new engine.");
      detachFromFlutterEngine();
    }

    this.flutterEngine = flutterEngine;

    // Instruct our FlutterRenderer that we are now its designated RenderSurface.
    FlutterRenderer flutterRenderer = this.flutterEngine.getRenderer();
    isFlutterUiDisplayed = flutterRenderer.isDisplayingFlutterUi();
    renderSurface.attachToRenderer(flutterRenderer);
    flutterRenderer.addIsDisplayingFlutterUiListener(flutterUiDisplayListener);

    // Initialize various components that know how to process Android View I/O
    // in a way that Flutter understands.
    textInputPlugin =
        new TextInputPlugin(
            this,
            this.flutterEngine.getDartExecutor(),
            this.flutterEngine.getPlatformViewsController());
    androidKeyProcessor =
        new AndroidKeyProcessor(this.flutterEngine.getKeyEventChannel(), textInputPlugin);
    androidTouchProcessor = new AndroidTouchProcessor(this.flutterEngine.getRenderer());
    accessibilityBridge =
        new AccessibilityBridge(
            this,
            flutterEngine.getAccessibilityChannel(),
            (AccessibilityManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE),
            getContext().getContentResolver(),
            this.flutterEngine.getPlatformViewsController());
    accessibilityBridge.setOnAccessibilityChangeListener(onAccessibilityChangeListener);
    resetWillNotDraw(
        accessibilityBridge.isAccessibilityEnabled(),
        accessibilityBridge.isTouchExplorationEnabled());

    // Connect AccessibilityBridge to the PlatformViewsController within the FlutterEngine.
    // This allows platform Views to hook into Flutter's overall accessibility system.
    this.flutterEngine.getPlatformViewsController().attachAccessibilityBridge(accessibilityBridge);

    // Inform the Android framework that it should retrieve a new InputConnection
    // now that an engine is attached.
    // TODO(mattcarroll): once this is proven to work, move this line ot TextInputPlugin
    textInputPlugin.getInputMethodManager().restartInput(this);

    // Push View and Context related information from Android to Flutter.
    sendUserSettingsToFlutter();
    sendLocalesToFlutter(getResources().getConfiguration());
    sendViewportMetricsToFlutter();

    flutterEngine.getPlatformViewsController().attachToView(this);

    // Notify engine attachment listeners of the attachment.
    for (FlutterEngineAttachmentListener listener : flutterEngineAttachmentListeners) {
      listener.onFlutterEngineAttachedToFlutterView(flutterEngine);
    }

    // If the first frame has already been rendered, notify all first frame listeners.
    // Do this after all other initialization so that listeners don't inadvertently interact
    // with a FlutterView that is only partially attached to a FlutterEngine.
    if (isFlutterUiDisplayed) {
      flutterUiDisplayListener.onFlutterUiDisplayed();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Disconnects this {@code FlutterView} from a previously attached {@link FlutterEngine}.
   *
   *
This {@code FlutterView} will clear its UI and stop forwarding all events to the
   * previously-attached {@link FlutterEngine}. This includes touch events, accessibility events,
   * keyboard events, and others.
   *
   *
See {@link #attachToFlutterEngine(FlutterEngine)} for information on how to attach a {@link
   * FlutterEngine}.
   */
  public void detachFromFlutterEngine() {
    Log.v(TAG, "Detaching from a FlutterEngine: " + flutterEngine);
    if (!isAttachedToFlutterEngine()) {
      Log.v(TAG, "Not attached to an engine. Doing nothing.");
      return;
    }

    // Notify engine attachment listeners of the detachment.
    for (FlutterEngineAttachmentListener listener : flutterEngineAttachmentListeners) {
      listener.onFlutterEngineDetachedFromFlutterView();
    }

    flutterEngine.getPlatformViewsController().detachFromView();

    // Disconnect the FlutterEngine's PlatformViewsController from the AccessibilityBridge.
    flutterEngine.getPlatformViewsController().detachAccessibiltyBridge();

    // Disconnect and clean up the AccessibilityBridge.
    accessibilityBridge.release();
    accessibilityBridge = null;

    // Inform the Android framework that it should retrieve a new InputConnection
    // now that the engine is detached. The new InputConnection will be null, which
    // signifies that this View does not process input (until a new engine is attached).
    // TODO(mattcarroll): once this is proven to work, move this line ot TextInputPlugin
    textInputPlugin.getInputMethodManager().restartInput(this);
    textInputPlugin.destroy();

    // Instruct our FlutterRenderer that we are no longer interested in being its RenderSurface.
    FlutterRenderer flutterRenderer = flutterEngine.getRenderer();
    isFlutterUiDisplayed = false;
    flutterRenderer.removeIsDisplayingFlutterUiListener(flutterUiDisplayListener);
    flutterRenderer.stopRenderingToSurface();
    flutterRenderer.setSemanticsEnabled(false);
    renderSurface.detachFromRenderer();
    flutterEngine = null;
  }

  /** Returns true if this {@code FlutterView} is currently attached to a {@link FlutterEngine}. */
  @VisibleForTesting
  public boolean isAttachedToFlutterEngine() {
    return flutterEngine != null
        && flutterEngine.getRenderer() == renderSurface.getAttachedRenderer();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@link FlutterEngine} to which this {@code FlutterView} is currently attached, or
   * null if this {@code FlutterView} is not currently attached to a {@link FlutterEngine}.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting
  @Nullable
  public FlutterEngine getAttachedFlutterEngine() {
    return flutterEngine;
  }

  /**
   * Adds a {@link FlutterEngineAttachmentListener}, which is notifed whenever this {@code
   * FlutterView} attached to/detaches from a {@link FlutterEngine}.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting
  public void addFlutterEngineAttachmentListener(
      @NonNull FlutterEngineAttachmentListener listener) {
    flutterEngineAttachmentListeners.add(listener);
  }

  /**
   * Removes a {@link FlutterEngineAttachmentListener} that was previously added with {@link
   * #addFlutterEngineAttachmentListener(FlutterEngineAttachmentListener)}.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting
  public void removeFlutterEngineAttachmentListener(
      @NonNull FlutterEngineAttachmentListener listener) {
    flutterEngineAttachmentListeners.remove(listener);
  }

  /**
   * Send the current {@link Locale} configuration to Flutter.
   *
   *
FlutterEngine must be non-null when this method is invoked.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
  private void sendLocalesToFlutter(@NonNull Configuration config) {
    List<Locale> locales = new ArrayList<>();
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
      LocaleList localeList = config.getLocales();
      int localeCount = localeList.size();
      for (int index = 0; index < localeCount; ++index) {
        Locale locale = localeList.get(index);
        locales.add(locale);
      }
    } else {
      locales.add(config.locale);
    }
    flutterEngine.getLocalizationChannel().sendLocales(locales);
  }

  /**
   * Send various user preferences of this Android device to Flutter.
   *
   *
For example, sends the user's "text scale factor" preferences, as well as the user's clock
   * format preference.
   *
   *
FlutterEngine must be non-null when this method is invoked.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting
  /* package */ void sendUserSettingsToFlutter() {
    // Lookup the current brightness of the Android OS.
    boolean isNightModeOn =
        (getResources().getConfiguration().uiMode & Configuration.UI_MODE_NIGHT_MASK)
            == Configuration.UI_MODE_NIGHT_YES;
    SettingsChannel.PlatformBrightness brightness =
        isNightModeOn
            ? SettingsChannel.PlatformBrightness.dark
            : SettingsChannel.PlatformBrightness.light;

    flutterEngine
        .getSettingsChannel()
        .startMessage()
        .setTextScaleFactor(getResources().getConfiguration().fontScale)
        .setUse24HourFormat(DateFormat.is24HourFormat(getContext()))
        .setPlatformBrightness(brightness)
        .send();
  }

  // TODO(mattcarroll): consider introducing a system channel for this communication instead of JNI
  private void sendViewportMetricsToFlutter() {
    if (!isAttachedToFlutterEngine()) {
      Log.w(
          TAG,
          "Tried to send viewport metrics from Android to Flutter but this "
              + "FlutterView was not attached to a FlutterEngine.");
      return;
    }

    viewportMetrics.devicePixelRatio = getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
    flutterEngine.getRenderer().setViewportMetrics(viewportMetrics);
  }

  /**
   * Render modes for a {@link FlutterView}.
   *
   *
Deprecated - please use {@link io.flutter.embedding.android.RenderMode} instead.
   */
  @Deprecated()
  public enum RenderMode {
    /**
     * {@code RenderMode}, which paints a Flutter UI to a {@link android.view.SurfaceView}. This
     * mode has the best performance, but a {@code FlutterView} in this mode cannot be positioned
     * between 2 other Android {@code View}s in the z-index, nor can it be animated/transformed.
     * Unless the special capabilities of a {@link android.graphics.SurfaceTexture} are required,
     * developers should strongly prefer this render mode.
     */
    surface,
    /**
     * {@code RenderMode}, which paints a Flutter UI to a {@link android.graphics.SurfaceTexture}.
     * This mode is not as performant as {@link RenderMode#surface}, but a {@code FlutterView} in
     * this mode can be animated and transformed, as well as positioned in the z-index between 2+
     * other Android {@code Views}. Unless the special capabilities of a {@link
     * android.graphics.SurfaceTexture} are required, developers should strongly prefer the {@link
     * RenderMode#surface} render mode.
     */
    texture
  }

  /**
   * Transparency mode for a {@code FlutterView}.
   *
   *
Deprecated - please use {@link io.flutter.embedding.android.TransparencyMode} instead.
   *
   *
{@code TransparencyMode} impacts the visual behavior and performance of a {@link
   * FlutterSurfaceView}, which is displayed when a {@code FlutterView} uses {@link
   * RenderMode#surface}.
   *
   *
{@code TransparencyMode} does not impact {@link FlutterTextureView}, which is displayed when
   * a {@code FlutterView} uses {@link RenderMode#texture}, because a {@link FlutterTextureView}
   * automatically comes with transparency.
   */
  @Deprecated
  public enum TransparencyMode {
    /**
     * Renders a {@code FlutterView} without any transparency. This affects {@code FlutterView}s in
     * {@link io.flutter.embedding.android.RenderMode#surface} by introducing a base color of black,
     * and places the {@link FlutterSurfaceView}'s {@code Window} behind all other content.
     *
     *
In {@link io.flutter.embedding.android.RenderMode#surface}, this mode is the most
     * performant and is a good choice for fullscreen Flutter UIs that will not undergo {@code
     * Fragment} transactions. If this mode is used within a {@code Fragment}, and that {@code
     * Fragment} is replaced by another one, a brief black flicker may be visible during the switch.
     */
    opaque,
    /**
     * Renders a {@code FlutterView} with transparency. This affects {@code FlutterView}s in {@link
     * io.flutter.embedding.android.RenderMode#surface} by allowing background transparency, and
     * places the {@link FlutterSurfaceView}'s {@code Window} on top of all other content.
     *
     *
In {@link io.flutter.embedding.android.RenderMode#surface}, this mode is less performant
     * than {@link #opaque}, but this mode avoids the black flicker problem that {@link #opaque} has
     * when going through {@code Fragment} transactions. Consider using this {@code
     * TransparencyMode} if you intend to switch {@code Fragment}s at runtime that contain a Flutter
     * UI.
     */
    transparent
  }

  /**
   * Listener that is notified when a {@link FlutterEngine} is attached to/detached from a given
   * {@code FlutterView}.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting
  public interface FlutterEngineAttachmentListener {
    /** The given {@code engine} has been attached to the associated {@code FlutterView}. */
    void onFlutterEngineAttachedToFlutterView(@NonNull FlutterEngine engine);

    /**
     * A previously attached {@link FlutterEngine} has been detached from the associated {@code
     * FlutterView}.
     */
    void onFlutterEngineDetachedFromFlutterView();
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Buccaneer is a pinball machine from June 1976, manufactured by D. Gottlieb & Co.
This game has received 20 approved Pinsider ratings and currently has a rating of 7.113 out of 10.
This game ranks #188 in the Pinside EM Top 100.


You know when you're contemplating getting a puppy and your mind is pretty much just thinking about the awesome puppy stage? The reality is, you really don't think too much about what you're going to do with that dog when you go away or when it gets sick and there are massive vet bills. Or when your job relocates you and you now have to figure out what to do with said dog. Having kids is kind of the same thing. You get this idea that you want a baby, but the reality of taking care of a human past the baby stage is a bit of an abstract, way in the future, kind of thought.
Seven years ago when I was in my last trimester, I was definitely only thinking about the baby stage. I had no idea what I was in store for. Every stage with kids brings its own set of challenges and rewards. What I was most naive about though, was the sheer amount of work kids can be. Take today for example. I got up, got cereal for one kid, got two others up and got bowls in front of them. While they ate, I had a shower then got clothes out for my youngest. While my moisturizer was sinking into my skin, I put lunches into backpacks. Then I did my makeup and hair and got dressed. I then did my daughters hair and got everyone to brush their teeth. Out the door we go to the bus stop. Now I get to go to work for a full day. I get home, have dinner (which my other half made) do dishes, keep telling two kids to finish their meals, and when one is done, she reads me her three homework books. I still have one kid at the table trying to eat, and his dad just left with his brother for hockey. Before I got home he sanded a wall in the bedroom and there was plaster dusk everywhere, so while he takes a kid to hockey I am left with vacuuming and sweeping the whole upstairs to get rid of the dust and clean up crumbs under the kitchen table. I've also put my daughter in the tub and slow poke eater is now ready to start his homework. While he starts that, I fold a load of laundry and get another load in the wash. I help little dude with some homework and then I get my daughter out of the tub and blow dry her hair. I get my step son to help me put away their laundry and then put two more baskets of laundry away on my own. Oh right, I also managed to get one lunch made and put away the mound of dinner dishes. It's nearly 8pm at this point and the little lady needs to go to bed. My other half comes in with the other son who won his hockey game and he gets started on two more lunches.
Are you getting what I'm trying to get at? Kids are a ton of work! Living in a house with a spouse and three kids is a monumental, never ending gong show of eating, nagging, lunch making, cleaning, taxiing, homework helping, and getting to do something for yourself for maybe five minutes at the end of the day. I honestly don't remember what it's like to just sit and not have a list going on in my head. I pretty much feel like I'm forgetting to do something if I have time to just sit.
I love my life. I love my kids. I love my man. And maybe I even love the craziness a little bit. But I definitely don't love making lunches lol.
If you're contemplating starting a family I suggest you not think too hard about the future. It'll come whether you're ready for it or not. You'll somehow make it all come together and maybe you'll enjoy the craziness as much as I do. It makes the quiet moments much more enjoyable, I can tell you that for sure! Enjoy the quiet time before baby comes, enjoy every moment of the baby stage and find your groove with the rest of it.


text:
NA Advances To PIAA Playoffs By Blanking Bethel Park, 3-0
The North Allegheny baseball team punched its ticket to the PIAA tournament for the third straight year with a 3-0 shutout of the Bethel Park Black Hawks on Tuesday night in the WPIAL Class 6A consolation game at Ross Memorial Park in Washington, PA. The Tigers put up three runs in the first inning and starting pitcher Ryan Partridge made it stand with five innings of one-hit baseball. Reliever Anthony Hattrup tossed two scoreless innings for his first save of the season.
The Tigers were facing Bethel Park ace Eric Chalus, who was sporting a 6-1 record and a 1.12 ERA entering the contest. However, North Allegheny was able to strike quickly against the southpaw before he could settle into the game. With one out in the top of the first, freshman Cole Young reached on an infield single and advanced to second base on a single by senior Jared Orwell. On an 0-2 count, Logan Andreyko fought off a pitch to leftfield for a bloop RBI single, scoring Young for a 1-0 lead. An out later, Orwell and Andreyko successfully executed a double steal and scored moments later on a two-out, two-run single by Hattrup to give NA a 3-0 advantage.
Given a three-run lead by his teammates, Partridge responded by shutting down Bethel Park over the next five innings, yielding only one hit and three walks. The Penn State commit struck out six and earned his fifth victory of the season along with Wright Automotive Player of the Game honors from the North Allegheny Sports Network.
Hattrup picked up where Partridge left off in relief by blanking the Black Hawks over the final two innings to close out a 3-0 victory. Hattrup punched out a pair and yielded only one hit.
Chalus was the hard-luck loser for Bethel Park, not allowing another hit after the three-run first inning by North Allegheny. Chalus went the distance with a complete game, striking out 14 batters along the way.
With the victory, North Allegheny improves to 17-6 on the season and advances to the first round of the PIAA tournament on Monday with a site, time and an opponent to be determined. Bethel Park's season comes to an end with a 15-5 record.
Box Score - Baseball vs. Bethel Park - 05/28/2019
Bethel Park 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
WP - Ryan Partridge (5-2) LP - Eric Chalus (6-2) SV - Anthony Hattrup (1)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Typedef in header file with variable from a source file I have a header file in where I store various typedefs. The problem is that I need to pass a variable from a source file to one of those typedefs.
I have tried this:
extern const unsigned int number;
typedef Storage<double,number> store;

in the header file.
Then in the source file, the number variable is instantiated at execution time:
const unsigned int number( conf->ReadNumber() );

However, it does not work.
Is this thing possible? Any idea?

A: Storage<double,number> wait for number to be a constant expression : It's value must be computable at compile time.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Forget the lemonade stand. Eighth-grader Jack Hietpas runs his own publishing press.
The student at St. Robert School in Shorewoodcreated Hidden Color Press last year and published his first book in September. "Milwaukee: A Collection of Work by Local Teens" is a 26-page anthology of poetry, stories and art submitted by area teens.
A visit to Green Gallery Press inspired Hietpas to create a print form of the east side art gallery, which brings the perspectives of different Milwaukeeans under one roof.
The project began in sixth grade when his English teacher, Marisa Riepenhoff, noticed his affinity for design during a bookmaking unit.
She began searching for an alternative curriculum after hearing she was assigned to be his teacher in seventh grade.
"He needed something more than my regular English curriculum," Riepenhoff said.
Plans were set until Riepenhoff's doctor placed her on bed rest for the school year.
Without Riepenhoff to oversee him, Hietpas was placed back into a traditional English class but decided to complete the project outside of class.
"His curiosity knows no bounds," said Rob Baumann, one of Riepenhoff's friends who assisted Hietpas throughout the editing and design process.
Artists Dasha Kelly and Sarah Luther and Jennifer Morales, a member of the Council of Wisconsin Writers, also worked on his advisory committee.
Hietpas recruited teens for submissions by emailing schools and hanging up fliers in bookstores and coffee shops.
Because the project was done outside class — with no looming deadlines — Hietpas set his own schedule.
He extended the original submission period from one month to two and collected contributions from 20 students, ranging in age from 13 to 17.
The nine finalists represent six schools from the Milwaukee area: Riverside University High School, Shorewood High School, St. Robert School, Milwaukee High School of the Arts, Brookfield Academy and James E. Groppi High School.
The largest challenge for Hietpas was teaching himself Adobe InDesign and Photoshop to design the page layouts, but it was also the most rewarding. He said he hopes to go into graphic design as a career.
The lessons extended beyond design. Hietpas learned how to buy a domain name, create a website, and calculate wholesale and retail prices.
Hietpas' project is St. Robert's first foray into community-based projects, said Principal Lauren Beckmann.
Community-based projects are student-driven, have real-world impact and rely on partnerships with community mentors.
"I can only be their teacher for so long," Riepenhoff said. "But a mentor can last beyond a school year."
Hietpas' parents also helped. His father built him an awl guide, which punches holes into the book's binding, so Hietpas could sew together his first run, 100 books. His parents also helped with printing costs.
"I guess you could say they're my investors," Hietpas said.
Hietpas did include one of his own submissions, but said "it was just a page-filler" and he was more interested in what other teens had to say about Milwaukee.
The Shorewood boy's poem about sailing on Lake Michigan contrasts sharply with one of the works he selected, a poem about drugs and death in Demontre Harvey's Milwaukee neighborhood.
Of all the submissions, Harvey's poem most affected Hietpas and opened his eyes to the place both boys call home.


text:
Film » Screens
Best of the Big Top
Before you see Water for Elephants step right up for these circus movies
by Michael Gallucci
Opens Friday
Monkeys. Clowns. Peanuts in paper bags. What's not to love about the circus? (Besides the smell, dancing poodles, and clowns?) Surprisingly, there haven't been a ton of movies set at the circus. Not so surprisingly, there have been very few good ones. Water for Elephants, which stars Reese Witherspoon and Robert Pattinson in a love story set under the big top, opens on Friday. We'll let you know ASAP whether it's any good. In the meantime, here are our 10 favorite circus movies.
1. The Elephant Man
Every movie David Lynch makes is like a freak show. So it's fitting that his best movie is set in the actual world of freaks and geeks. It's based on a true story, but that doesn't make it any less surreal.
2. La Strada
Felliniesque is pretty much film-speak for "circus-like." The great Italian director sprinkles carnival imagery in so many of his movies. This one goes all the way in its love story about a boorish strongman and a young girl.
3. Big Fish
Like Lynch and Fellini, Tim Burton makes movies suited for a sideshow. One of his best traces a dying man's life through the tall tales he's told over the years. You don't need the circus story to smell the sawdust.
4. Freaks
It inspired the Ramones. It pissed off censors. And it remains one of the most disturbing movies ever made. This 1932 thriller stars a bunch of real circus freaks who get even with the bullies who attack one of their own.
5. Wings of Desire
Wim Wenders' gorgeous, elegiac rumination is about an angel who falls in love with a circus acrobat and gives up his immortality to be with her. The backdrop adds to the mystique.
6. The Circus
Charlie Chaplin's 1928 silent feature came between The Gold Rush and City Lights, two better movies. But this comedy about the Little Tramp at the circus has its moments. Plus, monkeys! Lots and lots of monkeys!
7. Dumbo
Unlike most of the movies on this list, Disney's 1941 cartoon about an elephant with ginormous ears makes the circus seem like a happy, fun place, not a breeding ground for moral corruption.
8. 7 Faces of Dr. Lao
The Odd Couple's Tony Randall plays seven different characters (eight, if you count the cameo as an audience member) in this whimsical story about a traveling circus and the mysterious guy who runs it.
9. The Greatest Show on Earth
This overblown 1952 epic, directed by Cecil B. DeMille, won a Best Picture Oscar and comes closest to what most people think of when they hear the word "circus." Charlton Heston plays a big-top big shot.
10. Big Top Pee-wee
In the follow-up to the way better Pee-wee's Big Adventure, the circus comes to Pee-wee, literally blowing in next to his farm. Harmless fun. I know you are, but what am I?


Sponge Seat Covered with Mesh Fabric: The sponge filled mesh chair will give you the feel of comfortable and soft. It also give you the support that you need to complete a day's work.
Adjustable Height:The Height adjustable chair quickly adjusts to fit. Independent Seat Controls allows for the backrest and seat to be adjustable specifically to each individual providing maximum support and comfort.
High quality metal base: Beautiful and stable metallic sliver painted metal base. Dual wheel casters is rolling fluently and almost no sound when moving the chair.


In Australia (and England, and a few other countries steeped in the Imperialist love of hot tea), any bad situation can be helped, if not fixed, by a nice, hot 'cuppa'. In fact, it is a common response when a friend bemoans their dilemma to say,"I'll put the kettle on." Things start to look up when there is a big mug of tea in your hand.
Since ancient times it has been said that drinking tea brings relaxation. Scientists are now studying the effects of theanine and it is believed that although theanine creates a feeling of relaxation, it doesn't shut down the brain. So it allows you to be relaxed yet alert at the same time.
Relaxed, yet alert. And isn't that how you want to feel when your life is in crisis? I should say that I am drinking tea as I write this, and even though I am not in crisis, I do feel relaxed and alert.
I got to thinking about tea a couple of days ago when Ben and I went to a favorite coffee shop close to home (yes, I appreciate the irony). As we walked to the coffee shop in the rain, we passed by two homeless men sitting under an awning, each bundled up against the cold and the wet. I barely glanced at them, but as we stood in line to order our 'cuppa mud' (as the sign in Caffe Ladro says), I couldn't get the men out of my head. I was about to enjoy sitting in the warmth with my best friend drinking a hot cuppa, and they weren't.
I ordered 2 extra coffees and a couple of giant cookies, and put together a little tray for each of them. I left the coffee shop, and walked quickly through the rain to where they were. "Here," I said handing them the coffee, "this is for you." The surprise and then gratitude on their faces broke my heart a little. I walked back to the coffee shop, brushing tears away. As I sat drinking my coffee, my thoughts kept returning to the homeless men.
When I moved here three months ago I was hyper aware of the indigent population, but it soon became 'normal' to walk past and not look directly at a homeless person. It bothers me when I do that, though. Every time.
When I go to the supermarket, there is almost always a homeless person standing outside selling Real Change, which is a newspaper dedicated to social change. It sells for $1, and not too long after moving here, I started avoiding the sellers and walking straight past them into the store. For the sake of $1. I've stopped doing that. When I go to the store now, I carry the $1 in my pocket, walk up and say 'hello', and look the person in the eye. It is a brief exchange, and they are always thankful, but it is mostly selfish on my my part.
You see, I am still job hunting, while I work part-time for my mother. Money is tight at the moment, and I dip into savings more than I would care to, but I am more fortunate than most. I have a beautiful home, I have a bright future and I have love in my life. I can also afford a cuppa at my local coffee shop, so I can certainly spare a dollar once in a while. Those small exchanges I have through the week with people far less fortunate than me remind me to keep my head out of my bottom, and stay positive.
And when the knock-backs sometimes get too much for me, I put the kettle on and sit down with a nice, hot cuppa. It helps, really it does.


One of our favorite waterfalls in Michigans U.P. is Miners Falls.
Parking here is ample when it's not the busy season…..we visited on Labor Day weekend and it was packed!!!!! Bathrooms are available right in the parking area and a few picnic tables are also in this area to rest or have a picnic.
It's an easy hike into the falls with a crushed gravel/dirt path through the woods.
That is until you hit the stairs that lead to the actual viewing platform for the falls. There are a good number of steps so strollers/wheelchairs will have problems from this point onward. And no, you cannot see the falls without taking the steps.
This waterfall is quite magnificent….with a thunderous roar and a mist of spray while viewing. Many have trouble photographing this waterfall due to this mist…..as I did also while here.
This waterfall/trail is free along with free parking.


An underage BC student and his equally underage friend who were turned away from an event at the Baseball Tavern walked across the street to Tony C's, where they had no trouble getting drinks, a Boston Police detective said today.
Tony C's acknowledged being caught by surprise by the sudden influx of people late on an otherwise quiet, non-game Monday night in August and said it's taken steps to prevent a recurrence.
BPD Sgt. Det. Robert Mulvey told the Boston Licensing Board this morning that he and his partner conducted an unscheduled inspection of Tony C's around 11:45 p.m. on Aug. 28 and found a table of young-looking patrons. One of them, a 20-year-old BC student, had used a 23-year-old BC student's Massachusetts license to get in and buy a rum and coke; an acquaintance, a 20-year-old woman, used a faked New York license to acquire a Corona beer.
Mulvey and a Tony C's manager said the two drinkers were refugees from a BC event at the Baseball Tavern, which had barred them from entry for being too young.
The manager said the eatery has reemphasized to its staff the importance of ID checking and is using a "secret shopper" to test compliance.
The two drinkers face court hearings to determine if they should be charged as minors in possession of alcohol; the of-age student faces a similar hearing on possiby being charged with letting an underage person use his license to get a drink.
Charge them for that, not for possession of alcohol.
And they're old enough to be tried as adults for crimes, so lower the drinking age already, and start expecting them to behave like responsible adults.
20 year-olds don't know much, but we infantilize them and encourage their sociopathic tendencies.
These are what the colleges and universities bring up when they are asked about Payments In Lieu of Taxes.


text:
A Strange Course Of Events
Original name: Me'al Ha-giva
Network & Production Companies
Shaul (Uri Pepper), the film's protagonist, a solitary divorced man, tries to overcome his difficult emotional state. He goes to see his father Shimon (Moni Moshonov) in Haifa and confronts him, blaming his father for all his current woes. Shimon and his partner Betty (Michaela Eshet), try to help Shaul with alternative methods, using stones with magical attributes and therapeutic oils. With their help, Shaul becomes much more optimistic…
Director / Screenplay
Ori Pfeffer
Moni Moshonov
Michaela Eshet
Maya Kenig
Bethany Gorenberg
Geoffroy Grison
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apichon_tee / Shutterstock.comWatch what you say.
Not too long ago, you wouldn't come across the word "unicorn" very often outside a kindergarten classroom.
But "unicorn" is just one of the numerous words that, thanks to a recent shift in meaning, gets used regularly in 2017 in headlines and on social media.
While most of these words have been around for years, it took this year for them to shoot into the mainstream and shape the way we talk about business, politics, and current events.
Michael Buckner/Getty Images for Warby ParkerWarby Parker cofounders and co-CEOs Neil Blumenthal (L) and Dave Gilboa.
Ask an elementary schooler what a unicorn is, and they will tell you it's a mythical horse-like creature with a single horn growing from its forehead.
In the world of finance, unicorns are extremely rare. Of course, those unicorns are something else entirely – they're startup companies valued at $US1 billion or more.
Venture capitalist Aileen Lee coined the term in 2013, when $US1 billion startups were extremely scarce. But four years later, there are more than 200 such companies, including Uber, Hulu, and Warby Parker.
"As their name indicates, unicorns were originally so rare as to be almost mythical," hedge fund manager Jennifer Fan wrote.
2017 saw the word "snowflake" gain traction as a pejorative used by conservatives to insult liberals perceived as being overly sensitive.
"You are not special. You are not a beautiful and unique snowflake. You're the same decaying organic matter as everything else," a line from the book reads.
The new usage of the word became popular enough to shed the "generation" prefix, and becam especially popular among surrogates and supporters of President Donald Trump.
"It became the epithet of choice for right-wingers to fling at anyone who could be accused of being too easily offended, too in need of 'safe spaces,' too fragile," journalist Jessica Goldstein wrote in a ThinkProgress article about the history of the word.
In the wake of Trump's election a year ago, the word "normalize" underwent an abrupt change of meaning among political pundits and activists.
Originally, people used "normalize" in the sense of returning something to a normal state, like relations between two countries.
But after the election, as editors of Merriam-Webster noted, people began using the word in a subtly different way, referring to a change in society's standards to accept ideas that were once considered outside the mainstream.
"The 'normalization of hate,' then, is not the removal of extreme and hateful rhetoric or views to fit the mode of modern discourse, but instead the redefinition of modern discourse to allow those extreme views to be considered normal," Merriam-Webster explained in a blog post about the changing definition.
The words "active shooter" can stop you in your tracks if you hear them on the news or see them in your social media feed.
However, before mass shootings were depressingly commonplace, the words "active shooter" signalled something completely different.
As the terminology would suggest, an "active shooter" used to mean someone who actively participated in the recreational sport of shooting," according to Merriam-Webster editor Kory Stamper, who wrote about the word in a Washington Post column this year.
Starting the in the late 1970s, law-enforcement officers began using the term to refer to someone who was in the process of using a gun to commit a crime, and after the Columbine High School shooting in 1999, the term entered common parlance.
With mass shootings in the United States occurring more and more regularly, people have become painfully aware of the new sense of the phrase.
Fake news is practically as old as the news itself, but over the past few years, it has become more and more difficult for people to agree on what it means.
Since Trump's inauguration, the president has increasingly used the term "fake news" to refer to news that portrays him negatively, regardless of the story's accuracy.
The pronoun "they" is no longer relegated to plural status. This year saw the word continue to grow in popularity as a way to refer to a single person who identifies as neither male nor female.


This year's World DotA Championship (WDC) just got bigger!
WUHAN, CHINA - One of the biggest DotA LANs in the world continues. DotA teams from all over the world will head on to Huazhong University to get a chance to be crowned the 2011 World DotA Champions.
Match times will be following +8 GMT.
Full list of confirmed DotA teams will be posted here once it is finalized.


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© 2019 by decARcerate
(501) 367-7890 l
contact@decarceratear.org
l PO Box 7708, Little Rock, AR 72217 l
A Pin Prick of Light
"Imagine living in a sea of darkness… You are just floating, trying not to drown, but you have
struggled for so long you want to give up… All of a sudden there is something way in the
distance — it's a prick of light about the size of a pin. It gets bigger and bigger and your
hope rises, giving you a new strength to continue on a bit more.
DecARcerate is that light to me and so many more."
— Joseph Collins, Currently incarcerated in Arkansas
Joseph is one of more than 18,000 Arkansans trapped in a sea of darkness. Arkansas has one of the fastest growing prison populations in the world, disproportionately affecting communities of color, the poor and people with mental illnesses. This hyper incarceration crisis is the result of criminal justice system practices and policies that create harsher treatment of people of color and the poor in all areas of the system throughout the state.
For the last four years, decARcerate has worked to shine light on the criminal injustice system and unite communities to end mass incarceration in Arkansas. This year, in particular, has been a monumental year.
We transitioned from a coalition to a full-fledged non-profit, an evolution that has positioned us to grow for years to come. We welcomed co-chairs to both of our campaigns, spent three months advocating for reform at the Arkansas State Capitol, grew our campaigns and annual conference, elevated the voices of directly impacted persons through our events, and hosted an activism training for directly impacted persons.
This report will provide a look back at the previous year and preview some of the work to come.
Zachary Crow, Executive Director
To view an interactive version of this report, please use a computer.
Celebrating Four Years of Movement Building!
In October, we celebrated four years of work by throwing ourselves a birthday party, complete with balloons, cake, karaoke, and a prison shaped piñata.
Zachary Crow
Morgan Leyenberger
End Solitary Co-Chair
Furonda Brasfield
Board Vice President
Denise Chai
Curb Debt Co-Chair
Tanya Hollifield
Sen. Joyce Elliott
andré cummings
Laura Danforth
Kaleem Nazeem
Laura Berry
Amy Pritchard
Madeline Porta
Legislative Change
Impacted Leadership
We empower those directly impacted by mass incarceration by placing them in positions of leadership and providing the training and resources they need to grow as organizers.
We work through diverse coalitions to
identify, develop, and advocate for smart legislation that
eliminates the harmful effects of Arkansas' criminal punishment system.
We educate the general public by compiling reports, hosting an annual conference, hosting art-based events, and participating in panels and speaking engagements.
Campaign Work
We mobilize communities through campaigns aimed at dismantling the criminal injustice system and building a constituency that will press for criminal justice reform.
We believe that those most impacted by systems of injustice are most equipped to diagnose and dismantle them, and often furthest from the resources needed to organize against injustice.
This year, we were honored to welcome Kaleem Nazeem to serve as a member of our board of directors, and Laura Berry to serve as the co-chair of our Campaign to End Solitary. Both are directly impacted by the criminal punishment system and are quickly becoming respected leaders in the movement.
Organizer's Training
In April, we partnered with MidSouth Peace and Justice Center to offer a weekend-long training to ten formerly incarcerated persons. The training covered community organizing tactics, direct action, media training, and direct lobbying.
Presently Incarcerated Leadership
Thanks to the work of our dedicated volunteers, we are able to regularly communicate will nearly fifty presently incarcerated persons across the state.
Their knowledge, insight, and leadership helps inform and direct our work.
We drafted legislation introduced in the 92nd General Assembly in collaboration with leaders who are in prison.
Passing criminal justice reform legislation in Arkansas requires building bi-partisan alliances and fundamentally shifting the dominant narratives that have led to "tough on crime" policies in both political parties. During the 2019 session, we worked to do this by partnering with legislators on both sides of the aisle and helping introduce and advocate for meaningful reform.
Proposed Constitutional Amendment
The Arkansas Constitution permits slavery and involuntary servitude as a punishment for crime. We worked with Rep. Vivian Flowers to draft a proposed constitutional amendment to forbid this practice. Despite failing to pass this legislation, we were able to launch a state-wide conversation on uncompensated prison labor through media coverage and community events.
Solitary Data Collection Bill
We introduced legislation to require the Arkansas Department of Correction to collect data on its use of solitary confinement. The bill failed to pass, but as a concession, they now include some data on solitary confinement in their quarterly reporting.
Weekly Analysis
Every Friday of the 92nd General Assembly, decARcerate leadership gathered to read, evaluate, and strategize our response to recently introduced legislation.
Once a month throughout the 92nd General Assembly, we gathered at Community Bakery to
update the public and contact members of the legislature about key pieces of legislation through email, telephone calls, and twitter
Summer intern Sarah Pickering worked with us to draft a 50+ page report summarizing legislation passed earlier this year. It was released on January 14, 2020, the one year anniversary of the 92nd General Assembly's convening.
Planning for 2021
We are already hard at work planning from the 2021 legislative session.
Working with like-minded organizations, we've spent the last six months developing a collective policy platform.
We believe that education takes many forms. Out of that belief, we work to educate the general public through both academic means and artistic expression. Each of these efforts seek to elevate the voices of persons directly impacted by mass incarceration in Arkansas.
Barred II: True Stories of Incarceration
This year marked the second time decARcerate partnered with The Yarn, a local non-profit, to present Barred, a live storytelling event that seeks to share true stories of mass incarceration from a variety of perspectives. This year, formerly incarcerated storytellers were joined by lawyers and community advocates to bring their experiences to the stage.
Second Annual Conference
In September, we hosted the Second Annual DecARcerate Conference. In the spirit of TED Talks, eight speakers shared twenty minute presentations and participated in one of two question and answer sessions. Presenters including directly impacted persons, legal scholars and advocates covered a wide range of topics including the war on drugs, racial disparities, police raids, and the death penalty among others.
Despite acknowledging the need for reform, the Arkansas Department of Correction (ADC) recently built an additional 400 solitary confinement cells and continues to use the practice broadly, arbitrarily, and capriciously.
DecARcerate's Campaign to End Solitary is demanding Arkansas eliminate extreme isolation and replace the practice with program-rich communities that support safe, healthy rehabilitation and reintegration into society.
Particularly Notable
We developed a long term vision and strategy for the campaign.
We partnered with Disability Rights Arkansas to begin compiling a report on the Arkansas Department of Correction's use of solitary confinement.
Campaign co-chairs attended the Unlock the Box convening in Washington D.C. to learn from and network with other states working to end solitary.
All across Arkansas, people are being confined in debtor's prisons simply because they are too poor to pay fines, fees, or bail.
The system relies on the money collected from defendants to fund their operating budgets, creating massive conflicts of interest, and disproportionately affecting the poor and people of color.
DecARcerate's Campaign to Curb Criminal Justice Debt is working to end these systemic injustices by stopping the often unbearable burden of fines, fees, and bail.
We worked with the Lawyer's Committee for Civil Rights Under Law to issue Freedom of Information Act requests, resulting in a report on fines and fees in Arkansas.
We sent teams of lawyers, artists, and interviewers to observe in all eight Pulaski County District Courts for a future report.
Statements of Support
"I support decARcreate because they act on issues that make things better for people who've been thrown away by society and most everyone else. They give hope to those who've only been seen for the things they've done wrong; instead of as people who've made mistakes but still have the potential to be some of the greatest you'll ever meet. DecARcerate sees them as people who deserve the same rights and treatment as anyone else. And fight to make it possible."
Laura Berry (Campaign to End Solitary Co-Chair, Formerly Incarcerated)
"Decarcerate is important to me for so many reasons. The prison industrial complex has put profits over people, and many times leaves individuals worse off than they were before incarceration. But Decarcerate works to improve outcomes for "I support decARcreate because they act on issues that make things better for people."
Furonda Brasfield (Vice-President of the Board)
Income
Foundation Grants …………….......................$16,000.00
One Time Contributions ……….…….……........$5,766.64
Monthly Donors …………….…….…….……………….$1,712.50
Events and Other Revenue ………….……......$5,690.79
Sponsorships ……………………….…….…….......….$7,950.00
Expenses
Salaries and Payroll …..……………………....….$27,003.43
Event Costs ….……………………………………….….…$7,820.51
Programs …………………………......…………..……… $6,672.43
Contract Services ……..……..……………………..…$3,619.95
Facilities and Operations …..…………………....$3,251.30
Continue the Work
We will continue to grow our annual conference, legislative efforts, and campaigns to End Solitary and Curb Criminal Justice Debt.
Grow the Team
We will hire additional staff members, giving priority to persons directly impacted by
the criminal punishment system in Arkansas.
We will hire additional staff members, giving priority to persons directly impacted by the criminal punishment system in Arkansas.
We will develop a speaker's bureau of academics, activists, and directly impacted persons to help educate people statewide.
DecARcerate works to end mass incarceration in Arkansas through community education, smart legislation, and community action.
decARcerate
Little Rock, AR 72217-7708
zachary@decarceatear.org


I just saw a McDonald's Spain ad on the TV that I found funny because it featured a character that is a "chickengan" (a "pollogano" in Spanish, a mix between the words "chicken" and "vegan").
The curious thing about this ad was that the character was supposed to be a freak, a weirdo who seems to have been a vegan and became a superfan of chicken — that is, a "chickengan." In other words, in this case, the character leaves aside the alleged extremism of a vegan to now eat meat, especially chicken.
A post by Exor720 in the forum website MediaVida says that "the new way to be a transgressor is to be politically incorrect." And I do not doubt it considering what some of the new world leaders say! Maybe it is politically incorrect to call someone different — like a vegan — a "freak" or a "weirdo". In fact, there are already a few requests asking McDonald's to remove the ad for that very reason. I think we are missing a little humor in our lives.
However, let's also recognize that there have been excesses of those who do not want to eat meat by their own decision, against those who do. Chicken included. We must also recognize that just as there are people who stop eating animal origin products and become vegan, there are those who return to their previous habits for whatever reason. As long as it's a free and well-founded decision, it's fine.
The issue is that I liked the play on words. I liked that chicken is promoted (although not so much fast food) and I liked that chicken is the focus of attention. I liked the fact that there is a chicken fanatic. What do you think?


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George Russell Girlfriend: Everything About F1 Star's Personal and Love Life!
By David D. Ramey On Mar 15, 2022
George William Russell (born February 15, 1998) Currently driving for Mercedes in Formula One, is a British race car driver. Formula 2 Champion for Art in 2018, as well as the Champion of the Formula 3 Series in 2017.
Russell signed with Williams in 2019 after winning the Formula 2 title, making his debut at the Australian Grand Prix in 2019, although he stood in for Lewis Hamilton at Mercedes for the Sakhir Grand Prix in 2020.
Russell signed his first contract with Williams in 2019. In the 2021 Belgian Grand Prix, Russell finished third for the first time with Williams. As a Mercedes Young Driver, his accomplishments are even more impressive.
Father Steve and mother Alison had three children, the youngest of them was Russell. He had a sister, Cara, and an elder brother, Benjy. Having spent a lot of time with his brother Benjy, who was also actively involved in competitive racing, Russell first became interested in karting at the age of 7.
Name George William Russell
Birth February 15, 1998, in King's Lynn, UK
Genre British race car driver
Relation With Carmen Montero Mundt
Before relocating to Milton Keynes at the age of 18, Russell was schooled at the Wisbech Grammar School in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire. As a Wolverhampton Wanderers football fan, he shares his father's passion. George Russell's Net Worth is $47 Million US Dollars (£34 Million UK Pounds).
Who is George Russell's Girlfriend?
Carmen Montero Mundt is the girlfriend of Mercedes F1 driver George Russell. Carmen Montero Mundt is a model. Montero Mundt is originally from London, and he graduated with honours from the University of Westminster with a Bachelor's degree in finance and business management.
According to her LinkedIn profile, she is employed at the investment firm W1 Investment London. Carmen Montero Mundt's precise age is unknown, but given that she recently graduated from college, it's likely that she's in her early twenties.
Montero Mundt has an Instagram account, but it is set to private by default. Her Twitter handle is @carmenmmundt, and she has more than 1,000 followers.
It's important for Carmen Montero Mundt and George Russell to keep their romance out of the public eye. Although it is not confirmed, it is thought that they began dating in 2020 and made their relationship public at the 2020 Tuscan GP.
Carmen was also photographed with Russell at the British Grand Prix at Silverstone in the same year. Carmen was also photographed at the Hungarian Grand Prix in 2021, where she was seen celebrating with George after the latter finished tenth.
Carmen's social media profiles are set to private, whilst George's are usually filled with Formula One-related information. In contrast, the Instagram account f1wags2.0 has shared a number of photographs of the two of them together.
Carmen will also be on the red carpet for the James Bond No Time To Die World Premiere in London in September 2021, when she will be joined by George.
Carmen Montero Mundt and George Russell were recently spotted in Greece, where they were on vacation. They were joined by George's old Williams F1 teammate Nicholas Latifi and his girlfriend Sandra Dziwiszek, who were also in attendance.
When did George Russell and Carmen Montero Mundt Start Dating?
According to reports, Mundt and George Russell first appeared together at Silverstone in 2020, and have been together ever since. Russell is a British race car driver who now competes for the Williams Formula One team.
Russell fell in love with racing when he was seven years old and began karting with his father. Russell has previously been a Formula Two champion.
Mundt has been with her since 2020 when Russell was still in the early stages of his Formula One career. She intends to continue with him through thick and thin when he takes a more significant stride forward in his career the following year.
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The Bride Test (2019)
A cute, fun look at modern Asian relationships with a surprising twist that kept things interesting.
Written by: Evelyn Wong | May 19, 2019
Title: The Bride Test (2019)
Author: Helen Hoang
Publisher: Berkley
Romance. It's a tough genre to write about, especially when trying to accurately represent Asians in the modern world. The Bride Test is Helen Hoang's second standalone novel, after the popularity of The Kiss Quotient shot up the charts as a diverse breath of fresh air. As we're now living in a post Crazy Rich Asians universe we can expect to see a wider – and better – selection to choose from and The Bride Test continues Hoang's fun and easy-going journey bringing the diversity of Asian characters to the literary world.
The story follows the usual romantic genre tropes: girl meets boy, girl and boy start to fall in love, boy messes up, boy tries to make it up to her, boy wins her back and they all live happily ever after. Only there's a twist: the boy is autistic and the girl is trying to get a green card. As you could imagine, those things would definitely add a few wrinkles to the relationship.
To the outside world, Khai Diep is an emotionless bastard who couldn't even cry at the funeral of his best friend and cousin, Andy. But Khai's family knows better because he's autistic and experiences the world and emotions in a different manner. When his nosy mother decides it's time for him to grow up and get married, she searches for the bride-to-be in her home country, Vietnam. There, she discovers Esme, who is cleaning the toilets of the hotel she's been holding 'Bride Search' in and offers her an alluring option: seduce her stubborn son into marrying her and stay in the United States. Who could turn away a life-changing gift like that?
What the nosy mother doesn't reveal is that her son is autistic which leaves room for a comedy of errors when Esme travels to the states and meets Khai for the first time. But the mother isn't the only one with secrets, Esme has a daughter from a one-night stand. Cue gasps!
From the beginning, Esme wants to impress Khai, throwing herself fully into seducing him so she can stay in the United States. But she finds an unwilling participant in the seduction. And when she comes across Khai's 'odd' behavior, she brushes it off as characteristics of American people as she's never encountered an autistic person before. Over time, she starts to fall in love with Khai, as he does with her, but when it comes to the true test of saying "I love you", Khai fails miserably. In his mind, he's incapable of love so how could he possibly say the words?
This is where a lot of romance characters fall apart for me. I grew up reading them but it irritated me how the woman was always portrayed as someone who has to wear revealing clothing and act a certain way in order to win her prize. This is even worse when an Asian woman does it as it perpetuates a grating stereotype. On the other hand, the way Hoang portrays Khai is in a more honest light – he hates attending weddings, preferring to read his science fiction novel, doesn't like light touches, and needs to have a routine or his world falls apart. In this, Hoang writes from a personal place because she herself was diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (or what was previously known as Asperger's) in her 30s.
The story is simple (as most romance books are) because it's all about romance and trying to figure out what the other person may be thinking, but isn't communicating. I equate a lot of romance novels to people yelling at the book, saying, "Why won't you just say what you're thinking?!" At times, it can be the most obvious thing but the characters refuse to listen, continuing on their paths with a stubbornness that was the core value of a lot of 90s rom-coms.
That being said, The Bride Test is a cute story without much depth, but that's not much of a problem. It's a quick read that won't occupy your life for too long and is cotton candy for your brain, and the various twists between the main characters kept things interesting (enough) until the final page. What gives me hope is to see more stories like this (and Kevin Kwan's Crazy Rich Asians) where Asians are portrayed in more contemporary situations. Helen Hoang has proven herself a talent to watch out for, and I'd love to see more books like this come out – and not just in the romance genre.
About the Author: Evelyn Wong
Popzara welcomes guest reviews, editorials, and other fascinating pieces of original content. Think you have what it takes to join the fun? Contact us and find out today!
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Frank Douglass moved to Citra in 1918 to grow citrus and raise cattle, moving from the family homestead in Lake County, FL to farm on his own. He raised his family there as the orange juice industry in Florida began to flourish due to increase in consumption during and after World War II.
His son Edward Lamar "Buddy" Douglass helped his father run the citrus and cattle operation, until his son, Terry Douglass was ready to take over part-time, until the freezes took the citrus industry in North Central Florida in the early 1980's. He began an ornamental tree operation on the farm in the early 1990's for the landscaping industry.
Upon high school graduation, a fourth generation son, Tavis Douglass, attended the University of Florida, where he earned his Bachelor's degree in Agricultural Operations Management and subsequent Master's in Agribusiness. Graduating in 2008, he began working as a nursery manager at a larger blueberry farm, honing his skills in the fruit and vegetable industry. In 2012, he became an adjunct instructor of upper division agricultural courses for Bachelor's students in Agribusiness at the local college. It is here where he began to develop his passion for teaching people about the story and importance of agriculture. He still operates a blueberry nursery at a local commercial blueberry farm full-time and works at the Douglass family farm on weekday afternoons and weekends.
His sister, Katie Douglass also raised on the farm, is currently a University of Florida student in Animal Sciences and continues to manage the cattle operations of our farm.
In the aftermath of the global financial crisis in the late 2000's, the Douglass's decided to make a change in their operations. They began using the skills and knowledge developed from devoting their lives to agriculture by beginning to grow many different types of edible crops including many seasonal vegetables and hydroponic systems. In 2013 we decided to establish a U-Pick farm growing several types of fruit crops. Currently planted are blackberries, blueberries as well as peaches. All members of the Douglass Family are active in all phases of the farm.
We hope to increase consumer appreciation of small farmers, help people realize the importance of local food security and the health benefits of eating fresh, whole, unprocessed foods.


The Elgin City Council will consider action on a dangerous dog breed ordinance when they meet in regular session on Monday, June 3.
The monthly meeting is scheduled to begin at 7:30 p.m. and the first item on the agenda for 'action' will be a dangerous dog breed ordinance. According to City Clerk Vicki Miller, no ordinance will be presented for council members to act on, but rather they will discuss what possible actions they can take.
One month ago, council members discussed vicious dogs and what could be done. It was stated then that any dog can become vicious. Consequently, no action was taken.


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PRODUCERS-PICKS
New data shows DC is as crime-free as it's been in decades. But the murder rate keeps going up
New FBI data shows crime in the District is, on the whole, continuing a years-long decline. Yet murder & larceny are on the rise, and assault has ticked back up too.
Author: Jordan Fischer
Published: 7:21 PM EDT October 1, 2019
Updated: 9:06 PM EDT October 1, 2019
WASHINGTON — New data released by the FBI this week shows crime is down nearly across the board in D.C. -- with two notable exceptions: murder and larceny.
On Sunday, the FBI released "Crime in the United States, 2018," its annual publication of crime data received through the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program from more than 16,000 police departments across the country.
The UCR data provides a yearly snapshot of crime neighbors in two categories, known as Part I and Part II crimes. Part I contains the eight most serious crimes reported through the UCR program:
Criminal Homicide (murder and nonnegligent manslaughter)
The first four crimes are combined into an aggregate "violent crime" number. The remaining four are considered "property crime."
While property crime in the District on the whole saw a slight uptick from 2017 to 2018 – driven by an increase in larceny – it remains down 15% from where it was in 2014, and down more than 50% from its high in the 1990s.
Violent crime overall saw a marginal decrease from 2017 to 2018, continuing a years-long declining trend.
Notably bucking that trend, though, is criminal homicide -- which rose by more than 30% in 2018. Last year 160 people were killed in D.C., making it the second-deadliest year in the past decade.
In response to a string of shootings over the past few weeks, Mayor Muriel Bowser and Police Chief Peter Newsham announced an increased police presence in certain parts of the District in the hope of curtailing further violence.
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In the property crimes category, burglary and motor vehicle theft both continued their downward trends -- albeit with less of a drop than in recent years. The District has seen a dramatic decline in both over the past two decades, with motor vehicle thefts dropping by nearly 80% since a spike in 2003. Burglaries dropped by just under 70% over the same time period.
The declines in those two categories were outweighed in 2018 by larceny, however, which has increased by nearly 50% since its low point in 2004.
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Jordan Fischer is an investigative data reporter with WUSA9. Follow him on Twitter at @JordanOnRecord.


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