text:
Cytophagales is an order of non-spore forming, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria that move through a gliding or flexing motion. These chemoorganotrophs are important remineralizers of organic materials into micronutrients. They are widely dispersed in the environment, found in ecosystems including soil, freshwater, seawater and sea ice. Cytophagales is included in the Bacteroidota phylum.

Name etymology
The name Cytophagales means 'cell eater', referring to the degradation of cellulose cell walls. 'Cytos' comes from the Ancient Greek noun κῠ́τος (kútos), which refers to a vessel, and a cell in biology. 'Phagien' comes from the Ancient Greek verb φαγεῖν (phageîn), which translates to "to eat".

Biology and biochemistry

General characteristics and biology
Bacteria in Cytophagales are all Gram-negative and non-spore forming. They are non-flagellated, but move by exhibiting a gliding or flexing motion. Cytophagales are all unicellular, with rod-shaped cells that can differ significantly in shape. Cells can be short or long, delicate or stout, and have tapering or rounded ends. Two genera of bacteria in the Cytophagales exhibit a cyclic shape. Many species are pleomorphic, meaning they can alter their biological function, morphology, or mode of reproduction in response to environmental conditions. All bacteria in the Cytophagales are chemoorganotrophs and many of them are able to degrade complex biomacromolecules such as proteins, chitin, pectin, agar, starch, or cellulose. Organisms in Cytophagales can be anaerobic, microaerophilic, capnophilic (-requiring), or facultatively anaerobic. They can be highly abundant and are ubiquitous, and likely play a major role in the turnover of matter in the oceans and on land. Cytophagales form colonies that are highly coloured - often in shades of red, orange, and yellow. In response to a 10% KOH solution, yellow and orange Cytophagales colonies are found to immediately change color to red, purple, or brown; this colour change is possibly due to flexirubin-type pigments. These flexirubin-type pigments have been found only in organisms in the CFB group, so far.

Biochemistry

Biopolymer degradation
Members of the order Cytophagales are organotrophs, producing hydrolytic enzymes that degrade various biopolymers such as chitin, pectin, starch, agar, and cellulose. Few specific species have been identified, but the select few tend to dominate polysaccharide degradation. These biopolymers make up the high molecular mass dissolved organic matter (HMW, DOM), which is in relatively high concentrations in the ocean. DOM uptake is the primary step in the microbial loop, which controls most of the DOM turnover from primary production, supporting vast quantities of oceanic heterotrophic bacteria. Cytophagales species likely play a large role in turnover of organic carbon in nature, as they are found in high quantities in oceanic, freshwater, soil, and even sea-ice environments. This is of considerable scientific interest, with importance in carbohydrate enzymology, oceanography, and microbial studies.

Members of the Cytophaga-Flavobacteria phylogenetic group are found in high quantities degrading chitin and protein, but are underrepresented compared to various other phylogenetic clusters of bacteria in the degradation of amino acids. In glacial stream water that had been supplemented in allochthonous organic material, Cytophaga-Flavobacteria populations increased six- to eight-fold.

Cellulose degradation
Aerobic cellulose degrading Cytophaga bacteria have been identified on fishing nets made from cotton or hemp used by Japanese fishermen. The cellulose degradation process is hydrolytic, either through a weathering or liquid-type breakdown mechanism.

Cytophaga hutchinsonii is a well-characterized soil bacteria in the order Cytophagales that degrades crystalline cellulose. Cells of C. hutchinsonii are of interest, as their cellulose degradation is not inhibited by glucose. Furthermore, the mechanism of cellulose degradation is novel, as C. hutchinsonii does not encode any cellobiohydrolases, only β-glucosidases, periplasmic endoglucanases, and secreted endoglucanases.

Alkaloid production
Marine bacterial species Catalinamonas alkaloidigena and Mooreia alkaloidigena produce quinoline alkaloids. Colonies of these species appear orange-pink in colour, but do not produce flexirubin-type pigment. Bacteria in the species M. alkaloidigena were first isolated from a marine sediment sample taken off the coast of Palmyra Atoll, the northernmost of the Line islands in the Pacific Ocean, while  C. alkaloidigena was isolated from marine sediments collected from 8-m deep off of Catalina Islands in California, USA. Casein, agar, starch, and chitin hydrolysis have been observed.

These species represent novel families in the order Cytophagales. Alkaloid production is of considerable interest for drug development.

Polycyclic sulfide production
Marine Cytophaga bacterial isolates from the North Sea have been extracted and reveal novel polycyclic volatile sulfides. Polycyclic sulfides have a characteristic smell of diesel fuel.

Several compounds have been identified. An example is tetrathiocane which adopts a twisted chair conformation.

Radiation resistance
Some bacteria in the order Cytophagales are found to be radiation resistant. Rhodocytophaga rosea and Nibribacter ruber are bacteria species first isolated from a soil environment in Korea. They contain novel radiation resistance genes. DNA excision repair pathways were present, including the RecA repair protein. The strains show survival rates of 71% and 4% after UV exposure of 300J/m^2, compared to the 0% rate of survival for E. coli species.

Flexirubin in Cytophagales
Flexirubin was initially isolated as a new pigment from Flexibacter elegans by Reinbach et al. in 1974. It has been found in many other bacteria within Flavobacteriales and Cytophagales. (While flexirubin is thought to be unique to the CFB group, organisms in this group contain other carotenoid pigments in addition to flexirubin.) Flexirubin is a non-carotenoid structure and can be easily recognized by its characteristic mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern. Each genera of bacteria produce specifically modified species of flexirubin, which are useful as chemosystematic markers. The production of flexirubin-type pigments is correlated with cell growth- resting cells do not produce these pigments. The function of flexirubin was studied by Xinfeng et al. (2017), who isolated the fabZ gene in Cytophaga hutchinsonii. FabZ is an essential gene for flexirubin pigment synthesis. The FabZ mutant that failed to produce flexirubin was more sensitive to UV radiation, oxidative stress, and alkaline stress than the wild type. Flexirubin has conjugated double bonds that absorb light and hydroxyphenyl in the chromophore, which give the bacteria their characteristic colour- yellow under neutral pH and red under alkaline conditions. Flexirubin-type pigments have even been used traditionally as a bioproduct; they are an eco-friendly natural colorant. Flexirubin-type pigments are also currently being assessed by the scientific community for their potential for therapeutic uses and applicability in the food and textile industry.

Ecology
Bacteria in the order Cytophagales can differ in their ecological roles as a response to the various environments in which they can be found. In terrestrial systems, they can be found in neutral or near-neutral pH soils, humus, and animal feces. In aquatic systems they are commonly present in near-shore freshwater bodies, estuaries, aerobic sediments, and dense algal mats.

Members of the Cytophagales are also known to be found in large abundance in the ice and coastal pelagic waters of Antarctica, contributing up to 70% of bacterial biomass. As a result, the order plays a key role in the remineralization of organic materials into micronutrients. This cycling process allows the transfer and use of biologically important nutrients across different trophic levels found within the aquatic system.

Bacteria in the Order Cytophagales possess cellulose-degrading qualities and have been known to often associate with several non-cellulolytic microbes. For example, a synergistic relationship between some members of the Cytophagales, and some strains in the genus Achromobacter, results in enhanced cellulolytic activity in some isolates of the Cytophagales. For example, bacteria in the genus Achromobacter contribute to the relationship through the production of β-glucosidase which can be used by Cytophagales microbes to hydrolyze cellodextrin into glucose and prevent the feedback inhibition that would otherwise occur with the accumulation of cellobiose.

Environment and abundance
Prokaryote biomass in the oceans is clustered in the surface waters and is dominated by autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria. Among the heterotrophic bacteria, the two most abundant groups are the Proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacteria cluster. Heterotrophic bacteria are crucial in the cycling of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the ocean, which affects the global carbon budget.

Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) has been used to estimate abundance of Cytophaga-Flavobacteria. The most common oligonucleotide probe for Cytophaga-Flavobacteria is CF319a. However, CF319a does not recognize some Cytophaga-Flavobacteria, so current abundance values are likely to be underestimated.

Cytophaga-Flavobacteria is the most abundant of all bacterial groups in ocean habitats and accounts for about half of bacteria identified by FISH. They are also abundant in freshwater and sediment systems. However, clone library abundance estimates from 16S rRNA genes from free-living bacterial assemblages show different results. Several studies have been done to compare clone libraries and FISH abundance estimates at the same location in the oceans. The results of these studies show that FISH abundance estimates are much higher than clone library estimates - leading some scientists to believe that the Cytophaga-Flavobacteria cluster is under-represented in clone libraries while other bacterial groups are overrepresented.

A study done by Jurgens et al. examined the growth rates of several bacterial groups using FISH. They found that the net growth rate of Cytophaga-Flavobacteria was about double the rate of other bacterial groups examined. This could account for the high abundance of Cytophaga-Flavobacteria in the oceans.

Taxonomy and phylogeny
Cytophagales was first described by Leadbetter in 1974, who is the authority for the order. Its approximate phylogenetic position was determined in 1985 through 16s rRNA studies, but other experiments have shown that Cytophagales' exact taxonomy is still currently hard to pinpoint. The genera Bernardetia, Hugenholtzia, Garritya, and Eisenibacter are on separate branches within the Cytophagales based on methods such as 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenomic analysis, as well as physiological and morphological data. Other relatives include Thermoflexibacter, which is a genus that 'represents a branch of uncertain affiliation' within the Cytophagales order. Known families belonging to the order Cytophagales include Microscillaceae and Bernardetiaceae, as well as Catalimonadaceae and Cesiribacteraceae, among many others. Genera in the Cytophagales comprise Cytophaga, Flexibacter, Sporocytophaga, Sphaero-cytophagal, Capnocytophaga, Microscilla, and Lysobacter, as well  as others included in the taxonomic list below.

Taxonomic history
The taxonomy of Cytophagales presents a considerable challenge and has been revisited and modified many times over the past 100 years. Most recently the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes: Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Aerobic Bacteroidetes met to discuss taxonomic changes in 2017. Additionally, García-López et al. (2019) published a paper which defined the families in Cytophagales, which have been reflected on LSPN.

Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature

Notes

See also
 List of bacterial orders
 List of bacteria genera

References

Bacteroidota
Bacteria orders

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Canucks working to identify fan who threw a hot dog at Phil Kessel during Thursday night's game
Photo credit: © Jeff Curry-USA TODAY Sports
Plenty of fans have done dumb things at a hockey game, but this may belong in its own category.
A video has circulated online in recent days of a Canucks fan who recorded themselves purchasing a hot dog from Rogers Arena before throwing it at Arizona Coyotes forward Phil Kessel during Thursday night's game.
We got a hot dog toss for Phil 🌭
(🎥: _thomascon/TikTok) pic.twitter.com/HpfMxLITqA
— Spittin' Chiclets (@spittinchiclets) April 15, 2022
The video has been viewed thousands of times, although the original poster of the video to Tik Tok appears to have deleted their account.
"What he did was completely disrespectful and not welcome at Rogers Arena," a Canucks spokesperson told CanucksArmy. "We won't stand for it and are in the process of identifying this person and determining what our next steps will be."
For those that don't know, Kessel's link to hot dogs arose after a story (which was later thought by many to be flat-out false) was published that claimed Kessel frequently visited a hot dog stand on game days while he was still a member of the Toronto Maple Leafs.
Clearly poking fun at the story, Kessel posed for a photo with a hot dog-filled Stanley Cup after winning his second Cup with the Pittsburgh Penguins in 2017 after repeating as champions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Christian Wilson currently works in the homecare industry in San Diego, California. He writes about issues facing the elderly and spends a lot of his work day answering questions regarding homecare. When he's not at work, he enjoys traveling with his family and meeting new people.


text:
package views.html

package object b4 {

  import play.api.data.{ Field, FormError }
  import play.twirl.api.Html
  import play.api.i18n.{ Lang, Messages }
  import bs._
  import bs.ArgsMap.isTrue
  import play.api.mvc.Call

  /**
   * Class with relevant variables for a field to pass it to the helper and field constructor
   * - withFeedbak: indicates if the feedback icons are allowed
   * - withLabelFor: indicates if the label's "for" attribute should be shown
   * - args: list of available arguments for the helper and field constructor
   */
  case class B4FieldInfo(field: Field, withFeedback: Boolean, withLabelFor: Boolean, args: Seq[(Symbol, Any)], override val messages: Messages) extends BSFieldInfo(field, args, messages) {

    /* List with every "feedback info" and its corresponding ARIA id. Ex: ("foo_info_0" -> "foo constraint")  */
    val feedbackInfos: Seq[(String, String)] =
      if (errors.size > 0)
        errors
      else
        BSFieldInfo.feedbackInfosButErrors(argsMap, messages).zipWithIndex.map {
          case (info, i) => (id + "_feedback_" + i, info)
        }

    /* List with every "help info" (i.e. a help text or constraints) and its corresponding ARIA id. Ex: ("foo_info_0" -> "foo constraint")  */
    val helpInfos: Seq[(String, String)] = BSFieldInfo.helpInfos(Some(field), argsMap, messages).zipWithIndex.map {
      case (info, i) => (id + "_info_" + i, info)
    }

    /* Indicates if it's a custom element */
    val isCustom: Boolean = isTrue(argsMap, '_custom)

    /* Each boolean indicate if a any of the corresponding feedback icons should be shown */
    val (showIconError, showIconWarning, showIconValid) = {
      if (!withFeedback) (false, false, false)
      else if (hasErrors) (isTrue(argsMap, '_showIconOnError), false, false)
      else if (isTrue(argsMap, '_showIconWarning)) (false, true, false)
      else (false, false, isTrue(argsMap, '_showIconValid))
    }

    /* The optional validation state ("success", "warning" or "danger") */
    override lazy val status: Option[String] = B4FieldInfo.status(hasErrors, argsMap)

    /* Indicates if any of the previous feedback icons should be shown */
    val hasFeedback: Boolean = showIconError || showIconWarning || showIconValid

    /* ARIA id for the feedback icons (ex: "foo_status") */
    def ariaFeedbackId: String = id + "_status"

    /* List of every ARIA id */
    override val ariaIds: Seq[String] = (if (hasFeedback) Seq(ariaFeedbackId) else Nil) ++ feedbackInfos.map(_._1) ++ helpInfos.map(_._1)

    /*
    * Map with the inner args, i.e. those args for the helper itself removing those ones reserved for the field constructor.
    * It adds the ARIA attributes and removes the underscored reserved for the field constructor and the `id and `value ones that are
    * managed independently.
    */
    override lazy val innerArgsMap: Map[Symbol, Any] = (
      (if (ariaIds.size > 0) Seq(Symbol("aria-describedby") -> ariaIds.mkString(" ")) else Nil) ++
      (if (hasErrors) Seq(Symbol("aria-invalid") -> "true") else Nil) ++
      (BSFieldInfo.constraintsArgs(field, messages) ++ Args.inner(
        Args.remove(
          (if (hasFeedback) Args.withAddingStringValue(args, 'class, status.map("form-control-" + _).getOrElse("")) else args),
          'id, 'value
        )
      ))
    ).toMap
  }

  /**
   * Companion object for class B4FieldInfo
   */
  object B4FieldInfo {
    /* The optional validation state ("success", "warning" or "danger") */
    def status(hasErrors: Boolean, argsMap: Map[Symbol, Any]): Option[String] = {
      if (hasErrors)
        Some("danger")
      else if (ArgsMap.isNotFalse(argsMap, '_warning) || isTrue(argsMap, '_showIconWarning))
        Some("warning")
      else if (ArgsMap.isNotFalse(argsMap, '_success) || isTrue(argsMap, '_showIconValid))
        Some("success")
      else
        None
    }
  }

  /**
   * Class with relevant variables for the global information of a multifield
   * - fields: list of Fields
   * - args: list of available arguments for the helper and the form-group
   */
  case class B4MultifieldInfo(fields: Seq[Field], globalArguments: Seq[(Symbol, Any)], fieldsArguments: Seq[(Symbol, Any)], override val messages: Messages) extends BSMultifieldInfo(fields, globalArguments, fieldsArguments, messages) {

    /* List with every "feedback info"  */
    val feedbackInfos: Seq[String] = {
      if (errors.size > 0)
        errors
      else
        BSFieldInfo.feedbackInfosButErrors(argsMap, messages)
    }

    /* List with every "help info" (i.e. a help text or constraints) */
    val helpInfos: Seq[String] = {
      val globalHelpInfos = BSFieldInfo.helpInfos(None, argsMap, messages)
      if (globalHelpInfos.size > 0)
        globalHelpInfos
      else
        fields.flatMap { field =>
          BSFieldInfo.helpInfos(Some(field), argsMap, messages)
        }
    }

    /* The optional validation state ("success", "warning" or "danger") */
    override lazy val status: Option[String] = B4FieldInfo.status(hasErrors, argsMap)

    override lazy val globalArgs = {
      val withoutHelp = Args.remove(globalArguments, '_help)
      val withStatus = status.map(s => Args.withDefault(withoutHelp, '_class -> s"has-$s")).getOrElse(withoutHelp)
      withStatus
    }
  }

  /**
   * Custom FieldConstructor for the library. Every FieldConstructor must extend this functionality.
   */
  trait B4FieldConstructor extends BSFieldConstructor[B4FieldInfo] {
    /* Define the class of the corresponding form (ex: "form-horizontal", "form-inline", ...) */
    val formClass: String
  }

  /**
   * Renders an input form-group using the B4FieldConstructor.
   * - withFeedbak: indicates if the feedback icons are allowed
   * - withLabelFor: indicates if the label's "for" attribute should be shown
   * - args: list of available arguments for the helper and field constructor
   * - inputDef: function that returns a Html from a B4FieldInfo that contains all the information about the field
   */
  def inputFormGroup(field: Field, withFeedback: Boolean, withLabelFor: Boolean, args: Seq[(Symbol, Any)])(inputDef: B4FieldInfo => Html)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) =
    inputFormField(B4FieldInfo(field, withFeedback, withLabelFor, Args.withoutNones(args), messages))(inputDef)(fc)

  /**
   * Renders a form-group using the B4FieldConstructor.
   * - args: list of available arguments for the helper and the form-group
   * - contentDef: function that returns a Html from a map of arguments
   */
  def freeFormGroup(args: Seq[(Symbol, Any)])(contentDef: Map[Symbol, Any] => Html)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) =
    freeFormField(args)(contentDef)(fc, messages)

  def multifieldFormGroup(fields: Seq[Field], globalArgs: Seq[(Symbol, Any)], fieldsArgs: Seq[(Symbol, Any)])(contentDef: B4MultifieldInfo => Html)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) =
    multifieldFormField(B4MultifieldInfo(fields, globalArgs, fieldsArgs, messages))(contentDef)(fc)

  /**
   * **********************************************************************************************************************************
   * SHORTCUT HELPERS
   * *********************************************************************************************************************************
   */
  def inputType(inputType: String, field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputWrapped(inputType, field, args: _*)(html => html)(fc, messages)

  def text(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputType("text", field, args: _*)(fc, messages)
  def password(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputType("password", field.copy(value = Some("")), args: _*)(fc, messages)
  def color(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputType("color", field, args: _*)(fc, messages)
  def date(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputType("date", field, args: _*)(fc, messages)
  def datetime(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputType("datetime", field, args: _*)(fc, messages)
  def datetimeLocal(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputType("datetime-local", field, args: _*)(fc, messages)
  def email(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputType("email", field, args: _*)(fc, messages)
  def month(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputType("month", field, args: _*)(fc, messages)
  def number(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputType("number", field, args: _*)(fc, messages)
  def range(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputType("range", field, args: _*)(fc, messages)
  def search(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputType("search", field, args: _*)(fc, messages)
  def tel(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputType("tel", field, args: _*)(fc, messages)
  def time(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputType("time", field, args: _*)(fc, messages)
  def url(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputType("url", field, args: _*)(fc, messages)
  def week(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = inputType("week", field, args: _*)(fc, messages)

  def radio(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(content: Tuple3[Boolean, Boolean, B4FieldInfo] => Html)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = radioWithContent(field, args: _*)(content)(fc, messages)
  def radio(field: Field, options: Seq[(String, Any)], args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = radioWithOptions(field, options, args: _*)(fc, messages)

  def select(field: Field, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(content: Set[String] => Html)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = selectWithContent(field, args: _*)(content)(fc, messages)
  def select(field: Field, options: Seq[(String, String)], args: (Symbol, Any)*)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = selectWithOptions(field, options, args: _*)(fc, messages)

  def submit(args: (Symbol, Any)*)(text: => Html)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = buttonType("submit", args: _*)(text)(fc, messages)
  def reset(args: (Symbol, Any)*)(text: => Html)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = buttonType("reset", args: _*)(text)(fc, messages)
  def button(args: (Symbol, Any)*)(text: => Html)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = buttonType("button", args: _*)(text)(fc, messages)

  def static(args: (Symbol, Any)*)(text: => Html)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = staticBasic(args: _*)(text)(fc, messages)
  def static(label: String, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(text: => Html)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = staticBasic(Args.withDefault(args, '_label -> label): _*)(text)(fc, messages)
  def static(label: Html, args: (Symbol, Any)*)(text: => Html)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = staticBasic(Args.withDefault(args, '_label -> label): _*)(text)(fc, messages)

  def free(args: (Symbol, Any)*)(content: => Html)(implicit fc: B4FieldConstructor, messages: Messages) = freeFormGroup(args)(_ => content)(fc, messages)

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Jane was a wartime phenomenon. A sensation. She was also an important feature in the morale of Britain's fighting forces around the world and to those left behind on the "Home Front". So important, in fact, that her fame extended to the House of Commons where one wartime Member of Parliament referred to the British troops as "Jane's fighting men!" Until now there has been no published study of Jane or the woman who inspired her. In a production combining words, photographs and selective cartoons, an in-depth look is taken at the Jane story and, in particular, the beautiful real-life model behind that story, Christabel Leighton-Porter.


Senior Analyst Mike Renner breaks down the play of Mitchell Schwartz, the best offensive lineman during the 2018 NFL season.
PFF's Daniel Rymer digs into the data on Chiefs' right tackle Mitchell Schwartz and explains why he needs to finish strong against Joey Bosa and the Los Angeles Chargers on Thursday Night Football.
PFF's Nathan Jahnke gives you 32 observations from Week 13 of the regular season.


Readers may be vaguely aware that New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman and two other AGs filed suit again ExxonMobil alleging that "they knew" about climate change decades ago, but have been practicing "deception" ever since. These lawsuits all came with subpoena demands for thousands of pages of documents, no doubt hoping to turn up . . . what exactly? This is a transparent attempt to turn policy disagreements into legal culpability. In fact there is considerable evidence that this legal action was part of a political strategy hit upon by environmentalists to replicate the experience of tobacco litigation.
Even though it has long acknowledged the risks presented by climate change, supported the Paris climate accords, and backed a revenue-neutral carbon tax, ExxonMobil has nevertheless been targeted by state and local governments for pretextual investigations and litigation intended to cleanse the public square of alternative viewpoints.
The motion ExxonMobil filed yesterday in Texas identifies 16 individuals who it believes conspired to get the attorneys general to bring this action. Some evidence of this collaboration may have been destroyed. ExxonMobil wishes to depose these 16.


text:
Q: Perl, variable behavior, name-based discrepancy Symptom: $c="foo"; throws an error and $b="foo"; does not.
My script is literally 3 lines. The following produces no errors or warnings
use strict;
$b = "foo";
print $b;
but if change to the following, I get a "requires explicit package name" error.
use strict;
$c = "foo";
print $c;,
I understand that use strict; requires variables to be declared before use, and changing $c = "foo"; to my $c = "foo"; does indeed prevent the error, but this alone does not explain the discrepancy.
Can anyone shed some light here? I'm sure I'm missing something obvious. I'm running Strawberry Perl v5.16.3 in Windows 7 x64. I'm editing in npp and executing my scripts from the command line, via c:\strawberry> perl test.pl

A: Some global variables like $_, $a, $b are effectively predeclared. Therefore, the $a and $b variables can be used without extra declarations in a sort block, where they have the values of two items:
use strict;
my @nums = (1, 5, 3, 10, 7);
my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b } @nums

A: From the strict documentation:

Because of their special use by sort(), the variables $a and $b are
  exempted from this check.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When I was a single mom, a long time ago, my two children and I shared a home with my friend Nancy and her twins.
Next door to us lived an elderly man and his wife. The husband was so friendly, always with a huge smile. We invited them over a time or two, just to be hospitable. I remember that he would say over and over again, "My wife and I want to have you over for a visit some time, but we have to get the house cleaned up first." We'd say, "okay", but somehow I knew it would never happen. His outward appearance and even the exterior of their home seemed bent on perfection. I could tell that his home would never measure up to the standards he sought for guests. It saddens me when I recall my former neighbors and the folks who'd have gained much from knowing them.
It also saddens me when clients tell me they hide when they hear a neighbor knock at the door. They're afraid they'll be evaluated and come up short. I believe, on the other hand, that people are more comfortable in imperfect homes.
Clients have told me that they avoid "sterile" homes of relatives because they can't relax. They'd constantly be afraid to track in or spill something. It's a lie that neighbors have "perfectly together" homes. Unless the home is more like a museum and no real living goes on.
I'll never forget the times I ran to my best friends' homes, in the most difficult seasons of my life. More than once I dragged my two kids along and invaded Barbara's family meals and celebrations when I needed the comfort of family. They welcomed us into the fold as if we were kin. My favorite memories happened in homes. We had real conversations and relationships went to deeper levels. I always felt encouraged.
Kick the clutter out of the pathway and welcome them with a smile and a glass of water.
Have your front door/porch area neat and inviting.
Keep your home tidy and clean enough. No toys as tripping hazards, or piles of dirty underwear in the entrance. You can stuff clothes in the laundry or closet if you need to temporarily.
Place dirty dishes in dishwasher or the sink so the counters are clear.
Cut some greenery or flowers from your yard and stick in a jar or vase on the table, or pick up flowers from Trader Joe's.
Light a candle near the entrance.
Turn on lamps— use lighting for warmth.
Have fresh fruit in a bowl and maybe popcorn or snacks.
Offer something seasonal such as pumpkin spice tea. If you're really inspired, bake something with a wonderful aroma!
Quickly swish the toilet and wipe counters and surfaces.
With a big smile, greet your people at the door.
Focus on them! Let them know you're happy to see them and you care about them.
If the air is chilly, offer a throw.
Just enjoy your time together. Do you realize how valuable a listening ear is? I am forever grateful and changed by the friends who have listened.
After residing in the same place for nearly thirty years our neighborhood feels like a big family under one roof. Carolyn's in the office, Susan and Kathleen are in the dining room and I'm in the kitchen. The others are scattered aro und the house and sometimes we pass in the hallway. We know we're there for each other and we'll call if we need anything.
Pat mows for us regularly now. It's a huge blessing because we have a large lawn.
When a pipe burst and we had no water, Shari came over and helped me carry dishes to her house to wash. We showered there for days.
Ruth used to walk through my back door to borrow something or to bring me a yummy treat. I loved that she always wanted me to see her new paint or wallpaper. It was fun to get excited about our projects. Once I was in angst about a paint color for the living room. I'll always remember what she told me. "Don't worry about it— it's not a marriage!" That phrase has helped me many times when I worry over a decision.
I remember when Leigh lived across the street. I'd sent some soup over to her. She brought the bowl back full of camellias. She said her mother taught her never to send a container back empty. I liked that.
Years ago, another neighbor, Bill, lost his wife and was all alone. John was a baby so I would knock on Bill's door and ask him to take a walk as I strolled John. He talked about our walks until the day he died. It taught me that little acts can make a big difference. Even now as I'm remembering him, I'm reminded to break out of my little world, and show interest in a neighbor.
Cookies are always a good excuse to knock on a neighbor's door. One family brought us a bouquet of flowers to thank us for the cookies I delivered. Our daughters became good friends.
People don't tend to move from our neighborhood until they die. We sit with them as they're passing away, when appropriate. We attend their funerals and bring food. We go back home and try to adjust to life without that special one. We remember the times we were with them at the Christmas party or the times a knock came at the door and there was Barbe delivering Maxine's amazing homemade dumplings. I'll never forget all the sweet people we have known and lost. I can see them right now in my mind's eye.
I've been lamenting a potential move from our home– but the real loss would be the people we've grown to love.
Do you know your neighbors? If not, I urge you to take a step and reach out in some small way. You will be the one who benefits most.


text:
require 'spec_helper'

describe "versions/index" do
  before(:each) do
    assign(:versions, [
      stub_model(Version,
        :hit_points => "",
        :target_speed => "",
        :rows => "",
        :columns => 1
      ),
      stub_model(Version,
        :hit_points => "",
        :target_speed => "",
        :rows => "",
        :columns => 1
      )
    ])
  end

  it "renders a list of versions" do
    render
    # Run the generator again with the --webrat flag if you want to use webrat matchers
    assert_select "tr>td", :text => "".to_s, :count => 2
    assert_select "tr>td", :text => "".to_s, :count => 2
    assert_select "tr>td", :text => "".to_s, :count => 2
    assert_select "tr>td", :text => 1.to_s, :count => 2
  end
end


text:
Construction and Environment7
Engineering7
Teaching and Learning Design6
Teaching -- Aids and devices5
Algebra4
Calculus4
Language and languages -- Grammars4
e-book[remove]111
Irvine, Ian5
Curtis, Douglas3
Taylor, Timothy3
Austin, David2
Brown, Noreen2
Oregon State University6
Portland State University4
University of Oklahoma4
University of Saskatchewan3
Athabasca University2
Related PolyU Courses
FH6002 Research Methods in Applied language1
LSGI2373 Surveying1
Results for: Resource Type e-book Remove constraint Resource Type: e-book Year 2017 Remove constraint Year: 2017
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A guide to making open textbooks with students
"A handbook for faculty interested in practicing open pedagogy by involving students in the making of open textbooks, ancillary materials, or other Open Educational Resources. This guide aims to both inspire and equip more faculty to follow in these open pedagogy pioneers' tracks in making open textbooks with students. This is a first edition, compiled by Rebus Community, and we welcome feedback and ideas to expand the text"--BC Campus website.
Textbooks Teaching -- Aids devices
Open genetics lectures, Fall 2017
"The first edition of this textbook, called Open Genetics, was produced in January 2009 as an instructional material for students in Biology 207 at the University of Alberta. Since then, the book has been built upon and redesigned by numerous adapting authors. Open Genetics Lectures (OGL) is an alternative approach to an open source textbook with much of its content being derived from the original Open Genetics textbook. The 13 chapters in OG were cut up and distributed into 41 shorter chapters that parallel the current lecture topics in BIOL 207 (Molecular Genetics and Heredity) at the University of Alberta. More text content, figures, and chapter-end questions were added in this revision"--BC Campus website.
Molecular genetics Textbooks
Beginning Excel
"This textbook was written for a community college introductory course in spreadsheets utilizing Microsoft Excel. While the figures shown utilize Excel 2016, the textbook was written to be applicable to other versions of Excel as well. The book introduces new users to the basics of spreadsheets and is appropriate for students in any major who have not used Excel before"--BC Campus website.
Electronic spreadsheets Microsoft Excel (Computer file) Textbooks
OER Research toolkit
"The OER Research Toolkit is comprised of the OER Research Guidebook and several additional resources. The purpose of this guidebook is to provide ideas for how individual faculty members and those who support them (e.g., librarians, instructional designers, etc.) can research the effect of their adoption of open educational resources (OER). Clearly educational research is a challenging enterprise
Faculty OER toolkit
"The Faculty OER Toolkit is intended as an introductory guide for faculty interested in incorporating Open Educational Resources (OER) into their teaching practice. Beginning with a definition of OER, reasons to use OER, and online collections of OER to use, the Toolkit also covers basic information about adapting, adopting, and evaluating OER. Additionally, there is information about licensing and copyright, including an explanation of Creative Commons licenses and attribution statements. Throughout the Toolkit, links are provided to more in-depth resources on topics including adopting open textbooks, adapting open textbooks, and ensuring OER are truly accessible for all users"--BC Campus website.
OER toolkit for trades instructors : adopting an open education resource & integrating it into a trades course
"The "OER Toolkit for Trades Instructors: Adopting an Open Education Resource & Integrating it into a Trades Course" illustrates a snapshot of the OER adoption process. This Toolkit is designed to answer questions posed by BC Trades instructors specifically, but the steps described will also support similar projects in other disciplines and programs. The Toolkit is presented in the form of a (possible) case study, which is based on questions and issues shared by Trades instructors from three BC post-secondary institutions: Camosun College, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, and University of the Fraser Valley. OER Toolkit for Trades Instructors includes a quick reference guide of definitions, summary of a sample course, a step-by-step guide to implementing course revisions and OER adoption, links to external resources, a sample module and a range of best practice examples. Following three phases of an adoption process (Phase - Take stock
Lesson Design, Student Engagement, and Educational Resources
Strategies for academic success
"Strategies for Academic Success accompanies the first-year University of Saskatchewan College of Arts and Science online course by the same name. However, the information it contains will apply to post-secondary institutions all over. The textbook has a reader-friendly format arranged to help you develop the essential skills and provide the information you need to succeed in university"--BC Campus website.
Textbooks Life skills
A concise introduction to logic
"Concise Introduction to Logic is an introduction to formal logic suitable for undergraduates taking a general education course in logic or critical thinking, and is accessible and useful to any interested in gaining a basic understanding of logic. This text takes the unique approach of teaching logic through intellectual history
"This is a calculus-based book meant for the first semester of a first year survey course taken by engineering and physical science majors. It has a traditional order of topics whereby force is discussed before energy. It is divided into 17 chapters that cover a review of high school physics, scaling and estimation, vectors, velocity, acceleration, forces, circular motion, gravity, conservation of energy, work, conservation of momentum and angular momentum, vibrations, and resonance. A treatment of relativity is interspersed with the Newtonian mechanics, in optional sections"--BC Campus website.
Problems exercises etc Calculus Textbooks Mechanics
Microeconomics : markets, methods & models : an open text
"Microeconomics: Markets, Methods, and Models by D. Curtis and I. Irvine provides concise yet complete coverage of introductory microeconomic theory, application and policy. The text begins with an explanation and development of the standard tools of analysis in the discipline and carries on to investigate the meaning of 'well-being' in the context of an efficient use of the economy's resources. An understanding of individual optimizing behaviour is developed, and this behaviour is in turn used to link household decisions on savings with firms' decisions on production, expansion and investment. The text then explores behaviour in a variety of different market structures. The role of the government is examined, and the key elements in the modern theory of international trade are developed. Opportunity cost, a global economy and behavioural responses to incentives are the dominant themes. Examples are domestic and international in their subject matter and are of the modern era. This text is intended for a one-semester course, and can be used in a two-semester sequence with the companion text, Macroeconomics: Theory, Markets, and Policy. The three introductory chapters and the International Trade chapter (Chapter 15) are common to both books."--BC Campus website.
Microeconomics Textbooks


text:
#1 in Best Things To Do in Athens
Mlenny/Getty Images
15 Dionysiou Areopagitou St.
Museums Type
2 hours to Half Day Time to Spend
4.5Value
4.5Facilities
4.5Atmosphere
How we rank things to do
As its name suggests, the Acropolis Museum – which resides in central Athens' Makrigianni district – houses various archaeological findings from the Acropolis. Key exhibits include a relief of Athena Nike, several carved statues from Erechtheion and a gallery with various Parthenon artifacts.
Many previous travelers said the Acropolis Museum was one of the best museums they'd ever visited, citing the property's displays as the perfect complement to the Acropolis' ruins. Another plus: the museum's design. Several visitors raved about the attraction's construction, especially its glass floors that offer a peek at the ruins situated beneath the building.
Public parking is not available at the Acropolis, however, travelers can take the metro to Acropoli station or ride one of several buses to stops found just outside the property. Museum hours vary by day and season, but the property generally opens at 8 or 9 a.m. and closes between 4 and 10 p.m. Attraction passes cost 5 euros (less than $6) each and can be purchased online or at the museum's ticket office. Tickets include access to all of the property's exhibits, as well as its reading lounge (where complimentary Wi-Fi is provided), shops, eateries and restrooms. Free entry is offered annually on March 6 and 25, May 18 and October 18. Guided tours are not available at this museum, but archaeologists give daily talks about the property's exhibits. To learn more about the Acropolis Museum's collections, facilities and special events, visit the attraction's website.
Hotels near Acropolis Museum »
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#2 Plaka
The beautiful, historical neighborhood of Plaka, located under the Acropolis, is largely residential. Still, its assortment of restaurants and cafes keep it swarming with tourists each summer. You can also shop, especially if you're looking to bring home some gold jewelry.
Motor vehicles are not permitted on this neighborhood's winding streets, so make sure you have a street map and a comfortable pair of shoes. Visitors say Plaka offers a charming atmosphere and plenty of great shops for both souvenirs and one-of-a-kind finds. If you'd rather sip a drink once the sun goes down, travelers suggest visiting one (or several) of the area's vibrant clubs or bars.
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text:
Home › IOC
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France Télévisions sub-licenses Olympic rights from Discovery
Follows Discovery's long-term partnership with IOC
IOC launches Olympic Channel
The IOC has rolled out a new digital platform to deliver Olympic content on-demand. The Olympic Channel, available across all devices, will offer a...
An Olympic undertaking
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has been pushing the boundaries of TV and media production ever since the Stockholm games in 1912, writes Adrian...
Olympic conservation honoured
IBC has selected the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to receive an award for its work on conserving and managing its audio visual archives. Its...
Preserving the IOC heritage
Dating back to the first Olympics of modern times, in 1896, the International Olympic Committee has a vast archive: 2,000 hours of film, 33,000...
Sir Martin Sorrell stresses "more online and more mobile" for Olympics coverage
Sir Martin Sorrell, founder and CEO of marketing communications group WPP, gave a keynote speech on youth media consumption and what it means for...
Discovery and Eurosport win broadcast rights for 2018-2024 Olympic Games
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has awarded all TV and multiplatform broadcast rights for the 2018-2024 Olympic Games to broadcasters Discovery and Eurosport.
Olympic AV archive to be honoured at IBC2015
Conservation by the International Olympic Committee of more than a century of audiovisual assets is to be recognised as part of the IBC2015 Awards...


And slime green, of course.
Nickelodeon rolled out its orange carpet this past Saturday for the Kids' Choice Awards, a show that involves trending tots, lots of slime and a few random grown-ups. The mood of the evening was lively thanks to the young protagonists who energized the Los Angeles venue in bold neon suits, fiery red bottoms and sartorial iterations of slime green — a smart move given that attending the event almost guarantees getting splashed by the gooey substance.
From the queens of Netflix rom-coms like Joey King in Jacquemus and Lana Condor in Jonathan Simkhai to established style stars like Kiernan Shipka in Miu Miu and Janelle Monáe in Petar Petrov, this teen-beloved crew wasn't afraid to have fun with their looks. And why should they be? They're young, bright-eyed and on the path to megastardom. And for them, the red carpet is just another opportunity to hang out with their equally famous friends and Noah Centineo. Sign us up!
King's Jacquemus look featured what looked like a bikini top wrapped around a plain knit and crimson leather pants, which she accessorized with the French label's literal bite-size clutch; it was fresh and cool, and something we could try out at home if we were feeling adventurous. Condor's ensemble was also grounds for inspiration. The "To All the Boy's I've Loved Before" star wore a sweet Giamba ruffled cropped top with red track pants by Jonathan Simkhai – it was very Sporty Spice-meets-Baby.
Click through the gallery below for more ideas of what to wear to your next unstuffy function, and to see the best dressed stars at the 2019 Kids' Choice Awards.
The youths of Hollywood were up to their usual sartorial tricks.
Zendaya, Cate Blanchett, Elle Fanning and Cindy Crawford were all in attendance — so of course the fashion was stellar.
Our fave? Keri Russell (aka "The Americans"' Elizabeth Jennings) -- she's back.


In The Making of the President 1960, Theodore White called Richard Nixon "one of life's losers." Last week, watching Nixon begin the first act of his 1968 drama, White felt obliged to revise his estimate. "He is like a good prewar house—solidly built," he said. "They don't build them that way anymore. He's also been repainted several times."


Nearly 20 years on from the revolution of the Freedom of Information Act, this Bill would extend its parameters into the unaccountable outsourced state. It would also enhance the existing powers available to private citizens, investigative journalists and concerned communities so that they are not forced to wade through a swamp of bureaucracy before getting answers about the decisions that are made in their name.
I would first like to pay tribute to the many other Members who have campaigned on this issue for many years, particularly my hon. Friend the Member for Hammersmith (Andy Slaughter), who has a very similar Bill in this Session and has focused particularly on housing associations, which I will come to shortly. Those in power have had a long and difficult relationship with freedom of information, and, like much that challenges government, it has met resistance every step of the way. The Thatcher Government were so concerned in the 1980s that they warned that FOI would reduce the sovereignty of Parliament itself.
"is fundamental to changing the way we do politics in this country…there is still far too much an addiction to secrecy and wish to conduct Government business behind closed doors".
Tony Blair, of course, came to regret the revolution that followed, but it was nothing short of revolutionary. Literally thousands of cases, on every topic imaginable, saw information drawn into the public domain—expenses, bonuses, stop-and-search figures and child sexual exploitation were all exposed and brought to light because of this Act. That was a Labour achievement and it is one we should be proud of.
That is why the last two Labour manifestos pledged to extend FOI to private contractors performing public services. We propose extending this Act because we recognise the climate in which FOI operates has changed, as the Government's addiction to outsourcing has exploded.
The collapse of Carillion is just one recent example of an ever-growing shadow state in which some of the Government's more dubious policy priorities are outsourced for private profit, leaving citizens in the dark about what is happening in their name. Under the coalition, outsourcing almost doubled to £120 billion. Never before has shareholder interest over the public interest had such a large stake in the functioning of our state. Transparency and accountability have diminished in consequence, and the limited scope of the Freedom of Information Act allows too many of those who are performing public functions with public money none the less to hide behind a cloak of secrecy.
Bad decisions, targets missed, warnings ignored—the result time and again is similar to the scandal exposed in the past fortnight, which should have been predictable. Carillion was not an isolated example of incompetence and indifference from one individual contractor; it was a symptom of a much broader problem—private contractors providing public services that should never be driven by profit. In the welfare system, we see contracts structured by Government farmed out to the private sector, and the consequences only truly exposed when things fall apart.
The scandal was not just the treatment of these parents, or the pursuit of profit at their expense. The scandal was the Government's absolute failure to manage the contract effectively, and then the denial of information to Members of this House who were demanding to know what went wrong. A similar case is that of Cygnet, a private provider of mental health services. Its hospital in my constituency was judged unsafe owing to some very severe shortcomings, but even something as basic as the action plan agreed by the regulator, the NHS and the provider has been withheld from public scrutiny as it is deemed to be the property of the private provider.
It should not take public exposure for decent people to be treated with dignity, or for information to be put into the public domain as a matter of course. The current situation is allowing private contractors to withhold information that is very clearly in the public interest. Maurice Frankel and Katherine Gundersen, from the fantastic Campaign for Freedom of Information, have pulled together examples of the type of request private contractors have refused. They include: the number of prison staff at HMP Birmingham and the number of attacks at the prison—information currently held only by G4S—whistleblowing policies applying to Virgin Care staff providing NHS services, and the number of employees providing outsourced services for a local council employed on zero-hours contracts.
Extending the Act into areas that used to be overseen by the state and were therefore subject to FOI is not only the right thing to do; it is the smart thing to do. When institutions or private providers are permitted to withhold information, bad decisions are made and mistrust builds among communities. The Grenfell Tower fire has highlighted the desperate need for public access to information held by the providers of social housing. Housing associations, which own or run many former council estates, are completely outside the scope of the Act, and residents are denied information that they have a right to know. In one instance, a housing association refused to reveal information to residents about the cause of a fire in one of their flats, and whether potentially toxic lead pipes were used for the water supply to a property. Making contractors accountable to the public they serve for the decisions they make will lead to better, safer, clearer decisions.
The original Act still gives too much power to authorities to delay and obstruct an individual's right to information. In 2015, the Government commissioned an independent review of FOI, which made several recommendations to improve the functioning of the Act. This Bill takes up those recommendations. It includes strictures on the delaying tactics available to authorities and a statutory time limit for internal reviews, and provides that an offence under the Act should be triable either way rather than being summary only. There has never been a prosecution under section 77 of the FOI Act, in large part because there is a six-month deadline for bringing prosecutions, which is long gone by the time the public authority has made a decision and the commissioner has received and investigated a complaint. Extending the offence to be triable either way gives authorities a chance to bring prosecutions and ensure that the Act is enforced.
Sunshine is the best disinfectant—advice from their former leader that the Government may wish to remember. Ultimately, few could disagree with the need for parity for public and private providers when they are delivering public services. Whether it is Concentrix, Carillion or Cygnet, why would we hold private providers to a lower standard of transparency and accountability than their public competitors? If sunlight really is the best disinfectant, here today is the chance to clean up the murky world of our outsourced state, to drive up standards, to improve trust and to ensure that it is always citizens, not shareholders, who are the ultimate authority for our public services.
That Louise Haigh, Tommy Sheppard, Andy Slaughter, Paula Sherriff, Jo Stevens, Ian C. Lucas, Dr Roberta Blackman-Woods, Nic Dakin, Alex Sobel, Diana Johnson, Anna Turley and Clive Efford present the Bill.
Bill read the First time; to be read a Second time on 15 June 2018, and to be printed (Bill 159).


Is it that time of year already? Back in April I received my first ever Discovery Club subscription box from The Fragrance Shop, you can see my previous post here.
And today I received the summer box.
I just love getting surprises in the mail, it really does make my day when I get home late from work to a lovely package.
And for just £5 per month inc P&P this little box is an affordable way to try some new scents without the commitment of buying new bottles, something I really love as I'm a fussy git when it comes to perfume.
I'm so excited to try my new samples, even though there are only 4 for me time around, as they have included 4 gents samples this quarter, although he's not the aftershave type....but I'll spray him in his sleep if I have to as the "pour homme" samples included are just dreamy.
All of the samples included in this box are new to me. I have previously used the original D&G Light Blue so I'm keen to give the new Sunset in Salina release a go.
And the surprise for me so far has to be the inclusion of the 007 Eau De Parfume. I wouldn't usually consider even testing such a brand but so far I'm enjoying it.
As usual, the box includes the discount vouchers to be used via The Fragrance Shop online. I love this feature of the box.
If you fancy signing up for next quarter - you can do so here.
Have you come across any new scents for Summer yet?


text:
Game Ball of the Week: Montario Hardesty
By Chris Pokorny@DawgsByNature Sep 27, 2011, 10:22am EDT
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With how many sacks our defense has this year, it almost seems criminal that I am not giving a game ball to one of our defensive linemen this week. Instead, I'm giving it to running back Montario Hardesty, who made his first career start in place of Peyton Hillis.
Hardesty seemed well-prepared for the last minute substitution and played a lot of snaps, even though he only had 14 carries for 67 yards. What I like to look at is this: on the drives the team scored on, who came through and provided a spark? Last week, it was Joshua Cribbs, who helped set up three touchdown plays. This week, Hardesty assisted in setting up three scores, even if his output wasn't as flashy as what Cribbs did.
On the first touchdown drive in the second, the two plays prior to the 33-yard touchdown pass involved Hardesty -- a 7-yard carry to set up a 2nd-and-3, and then an 8-yard reception for a first down.
On the team's field goal in the third quarter, Hardesty started the drive off with a bang, having carries for 9, 3, and 19 yards. The 19 yards was particularly uplifting because it was the team's second biggest offensive play of the game at that point.
And then, on the final touchdown drive of the game, Hardesty's number was called on a 4th-and-4 play. In a post-game interview, Hardesty pretty much knew he was going to get the ball, explains McCoy:
(On whether the play was set up for RB Montario Hardesty on the fourth down play)- "He was the number one read in that. We ran that play earlier in the game and they had covered it. They pressured a lot, they came after us. When they brought their pressure in the middle, the defensive end peels off with the running back. I told Montario 'just go, just get out'. The defensive end was behind him and it was a big play."
You never know if a safety or cornerback is going to light you up as soon as you turn around to go upfield on a play like that, so I believe there's a lot of pressure in making that reception even if he was wide open. Hardesty came through, and five plays later, the Browns scored the go-ahead/game-winning touchdown.


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S Trehan & Associates – Chartered Accountants Firm in S A S Nagar
June 20, 2016 Filed Under: Chartered Accountants, S A S Nagar
S Trehan & Associates is a firm of Chartered Accountants (CA) based in S A S Nagar, India. It is registered with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). Other important details of S Trehan & Associates are given below: S Trehan & Associates Name of the Chartered Accountants (CA) Firm: S Trehan & Associates Firm Registration Number … [Read more...] about S Trehan & Associates – Chartered Accountants Firm in S A S Nagar
G S Gill & Associates – Chartered Accountants Firm in S A S Nagar
G S Gill & Associates is a firm of Chartered Accountants (CA) based in S A S Nagar, India. It is registered with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). Other important details of G S Gill & Associates are given below: G S Gill & Associates Name of the Chartered Accountants (CA) Firm: G S Gill & Associates Firm Registration Number … [Read more...] about G S Gill & Associates – Chartered Accountants Firm in S A S Nagar
S K Suri & Associates – Chartered Accountants Firm in S A S Nagar
S K Suri & Associates is a firm of Chartered Accountants (CA) based in S A S Nagar, India. It is registered with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). Other important details of S K Suri & Associates are given below: S K Suri & Associates Name of the Chartered Accountants (CA) Firm: S K Suri & Associates Firm Registration Number … [Read more...] about S K Suri & Associates – Chartered Accountants Firm in S A S Nagar
List of Chartered Accountant (CA) Firms in S A S Nagar
June 20, 2016 Filed Under: Chartered Accountants, List of Chartered Accountant (CA) Firms in India (Location-wise)., S A S Nagar
Please find below the list of Chartered Accountant (C.A.) Firms in S A S Nagar. List of Chartered Accountant Firms in S A S Nagar. C.A. Firm NameFRN NumberAddressG S Gill & Associates008912NH No.2454, Phase - X, Sector - 64, , City: S A S Nagar, Pincode: 160062S K Suri & Associates010141NS K Suri & Associates, H.No 159 Sector - 70, Distt. Ropar (Pb), City: S A S Nagar, … [Read more...] about List of Chartered Accountant (CA) Firms in S A S Nagar


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Find Deals on Pumpkin Seeds Growing in Gardening Tools on Amazon.
Search Planting Pumpkins. Visit & Lookup Immediate Results Now.
Since most pumpkins require approximately 80-125 days of growing time, you should plant your pumpkins in early to mid-July. Tip: Each packet of pumpkin seeds will show both variety and the average days to harvest. How to Plant Pumpkin Seeds in Texas. Planting pumpkin seeds in Texas is no different than planting them anywhere else.
How to Grow Pumpkin in Texas. Preparing the place. Before growing pumpkins, you need to make a few preparations. Start with finding the right place to plant the vegetable. The plant should get at least 6 hours of sunlight daily for proper growth. The pumpkins survive well in lots of sunshine. To grow pumpkins, you need well-drained soil.
Pumpkin-Time Across Texas Stick with small and mid-sized pumpkin varieties for best results with fall crop. The latest figures I found online were that Floyd County, Texas, (Floydada) produces upwards of 20,000,000 pumpkins each year, every one of them loaded onto trucks by hand.


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New Arizona Laws as of January 2021
As of Jan. 1, 2021, Arizona seems to have taken on a new year's resolution of its own with some of these new laws. One of the biggest new laws is that now you can be fined for using your phone while driving state-wide.
Andy Blackledge
Even though it feels like 2021 just started, there are several new laws which have gone into effect this year.
Noah Thompson, Columnist
According to 12 News, one of the biggest new laws is that it is now illegal to even touch your phone while driving. However, if you are at a stop light or are in an emergency situation, you are allowed to use your phone. This was in reaction to the death of an officer that was run over by someone who was driving while using their phone. You can be fined $75-149 for a first offense and then up to $250 for all subsequent offences. This is a law we have all been expecting for some time and in the final weeks and months of 2020, officers were warning drivers that next time they are caught using their phone while driving, they will be fined. Tucson.com says that the governor vetoed a larger distracted driving law that would put a fine on things like eating and putting on your makeup while driving. Many Arizonans would not have been happy that they could not eat their egg McMuffin and put on their blush on their morning drive to work.
The next new law that was passed is somewhat small but still impactful. Patch states that the minimum wage in Arizona has gone up by 15 cents from $12 per hour to $12.15 dollars per hour. This is the second minimum wage increase since the start of 2020. While it may seem like a small change, there is a nation-wide debate about increasing the minimum wage. Some people say that increasing the minimum wage hurts small businesses who are already suffering due to COVID-19. On the other hand, some of the larger corporations could afford to fork over the extra 15 cents per hour for the minimum wage employees.
According to Patch, another important law that was passed is more funding for schools, and therefore slightly higher taxes. While this won't go into effect until 2022, it was voted into law as Proposition 208 on Nov. 3. One important thing to note about this new law is that it will only tax those who make more $250,000, which includes a fair chunk of Arizonans but still excludes raising taxes on the mid-middle, lower middle, and lower classes according to BallotPedia. However, if two people are married and file jointly, then the income between the two of them has to be in excess of $500,000 for this extra tax to be applied. To fund this bill, the income taxes paid by those who make more than $250,000 a year will have 3.5% slapped on in addition to the current Arizona income tax that varies depending on income.
Out of over 300 new bills that went into effect this year, these are some of the most important that will affect the day-to-day lives of Arizonans.


The work Eighth grade bites represents a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Pike County Public Library. This resource is a combination of several types including: Work, Language Material, Books.
Delaware Diamonds (book award), Middle School, 2010.
Truman Readers Award (Missouri), 2010.


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22 day vegan challenge Dec. 31, 2013
Beyoncé and Jay Z Drowned Their Veganism With Lobster Risotto
By Allison P. Davis
Photo: Layne Murdoch/NBAE
After 22 days of clean eating and vegan living (except for wearing food-print clothing and boots made out of animals), Beyoncé and Jay Z have successfully completed their #22DayVeganChallenge.
"Page Six" reports that the couple dined on pappardelle, lobster risotto, and seafood casserole while on vacation in Miami, ending their less-than-a-monthlong diet with a gastric bang rather than a gentle dip back into the world of meats and dairy. Freedom tastes so good when it's from a five-star restaurant and full of lobster.
Though they did not Instagram their delicious-sounding meal — despite having shown us almost every vegan-y thing they ate while abstaining from meat — they did share their end-of-meal surprise: a chance run-in with Gloria Estefan! Better than a non-vegan dessert.
Nos encontramos con @Beyonce y @Jay-Z después del juego de los Dolphins en Sea Salt en el río de Miami! Em,FELIZ! pic.twitter.com/ZcY4S1Z5rw
— Gloria Estefan (@GloriaEstefan) December 30, 2013
Beyoncé and Jay Z Ended Their #VeganChallenge
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The UArctic Institute for Applied Circumpolar Policy (IACP) wishes to engage your participation in the upcoming Arctic Virtual Forum, a proposed outcome from last year's joint Carnegie Endowment / UArctic IACP conference entitled, "A Euro-Atlantic Action Plan for Cooperation and Enhanced Arctic Security": Conference Report and Recommendations to the Arctic Council and Interested Parties," held on February 11-12, 2013, in Washington, DC.
We are soliciting participation from anyone who has attended any of the five UArctic Institute for Applied Circumpolar Policy (IACP) Arctic policy conferences, which were initiated in 2008 and have been held under the auspices of Dartmouth College, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and the University of the Arctic.
Briefly, the goal of the Arctic Virtual Forum is to establish a permanent virtual conference that serves as a quasi-think tank and foresight group for the Arctic Council and other policy groups interested in Arctic issues. The Forum will draw on the expertise represented by the network of IACP conference participants to provide access to and discussion about five critical issues in Arctic policy that have been addressed in IACP conferences: Health, Security, Shipping, Governance, and Climate Change. Enclosed herewith is the most recent conference report as well as a summary of the mission, goals, and components of the Arctic Virtual Forum.
We are working with a design lab at Dartmouth to build the theoretical and technical framework for the Arctic Virtual Forum website, but we need your help in building the core content of the site. We plan for the Arctic Virtual Forum to develop around a sustained discussion of the issues most pertinent to conference participants.
- The top three or more websites that best represent your specific work and the institutions with which you are affiliated.
- Links to or copies of policy reports that you have participated in that are relevant to this project, with a focus on reports produced in the past two years.
We invite your participation and suggestions about how to best support and encourage a productive Arctic policy dialog.


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For each dish served they have a recommended wine which...
CAFFE ROMA, POTTS POINT
There are only a handful of restaurants in Sydney that I can say I have a long and colorful history with and Caffe Roma is one of them.
This restaurant and I, we've been through a lot! Awkward first dates, catch up's with friends, work functions and even break ups. But after all of the ups and downs I keep going back, you know why? Because it's my little slice of Italian Heaven.
From the fairy lights and greenery, candles and music, you'll feel like you've teleported from the busy streets of Sydney, directly into the picturesque streets of Rome.
Besides me these guys have had all types of visitors, from local celebrities to international guests, politicians, students, residents to anyone who can appreciate the authenticity of a go...
BASEMENT 33, CHINATOWN
Casually strolling down Goulburn Street somewhere in the distance I could hear a fat and inviting bass line. Wondering where exactly it was coming from, I was more than stoked to find it lead me directly to the doorstep of Basement 33.
This New York/Italian inspired restaurant is located at Basement level of 33 Goulburn Street Sydney.
At most times of the day that part of town is always quite packed with people, so keep a look out for the neon sign and the street art style mural on the wall of Michael Angelo's Adam.
The clean subway tiling, sleek black decor, dim lighting and deep house vibrations, will have you feeling as though you're attending an exclusive party, but with a twist - They've incorporated a New York style sub...


This public service program was created originally for schools, to raise awareness of parents and children about air quality. The success of the program led to a rollout with businesses and organizations. In addition to alerting people to air quality by the color-coded use of flags, the program provides people with the recommended steps to take when the air quality is bad, including a QR code to sign up for daily email alerts about the air quality for the upcoming day.


According to reports from around the web, the Flash Player does not run well inside Safari or Firefox on the new Intel Macs (using Rosetta). Adobe has known about the switch to Intel for more than half a year, isn't that enough time to make the Flash Player work on the new processors? Where is the Univeral version of Flash Player?
I'm sure the answer is something similar to the reason that Flash Player 8 is not shipping for Linux. I'd guess that they're waiting to ship version 8.5 before it will work on Intel Macs and Linux. Seems reasonable … but then again, all the new iMac users out there will be without Flash Player (or at best, they'll have a poorly performing player).
This is just the latest thing that has bothered me since Adobe purchased Macromedia. It seems that the company I loved, the company that was so good at communicating with their developers, has been swallowed up by the corporate mindset that Adobe has displayed so consistently in the past.
Adobe, do you want to put your developers at easy and let us know that our worst fears have not come true? The corporate looking (and sounding) emails that you've been sending me haven't really done the trick. Let the real people inside your company talk to us again. Get them blogging more, revive the Developer Relations Podcast (we all loved it and have been asking for it to return). Take some of those good relations from Macromedia and transfer them over to Adobe, besides the Flash Platform, it was the highest valued thing you got along with Macromedia.


Furazabol is a derivative of the anabolic steroid stanozolol (dihydrotestosterone). It differs from stanozolol by an annular furazan group (oxadiazole) instead of the pyrazole group. Furazabol is marketed under the trade name Miotolan, previously registered by Daiichi Seiyaku (Japan).
Furazabol is methylated at C17, which allows peroral administration but can also have hepatotoxic effects (liver damage). The steroid is used by athletes in athletics and in bodybuilding for the performance increase. Although it has a relatively good androgen to anabolic ratio (75-95: 270-330), it is not very common because of its low half-life of about 4 hours.
Furazabol reduces the blood fats and is used as a standard medicine for high cholesterol. It increases the HDL value (the good cholesterol) and lowers the LDL value (the bad cholesterol) in the same way.
Until 1990 Furazabol could not be detected by any doping tests. It was thus possible for the athletes to take steroids even on the day of the competition without being discovered.
The use of furazabol (oral) is detectable up to 14 days after taking.
In bodybuilding circles one speaks of dosages between 15 – 30 mg / day. As the tablets usually contain 1mg of active ingredient, this corresponds to 15 to 30 tablets per day. The efficacy of the individual tablets is relatively short, so a multiple intake of four to five times a day is necessary.
An ampoule with 30mg of active substance (50ml) costs about 60 – 80 euros on the black market. The price of tablets is similar. A tablet with 1mg active ingredient costs about 2 – 3 Euro. Due to the high price Furazabol has not been able to get through.
Furazabol is rarely faked as there is very little demand.


Amazing sun filled contemporary. Featuring 3 bedrooms, 5 bathrooms. Cathedral ceilings w/ skylights & large windows & sliders that open to wrap around deck with gas fireplace on the deck. Post & Beam construction, with cathedral ceilings make for airy and open concept living. Custom kitchen with corian counter tops, breakfast bar and Italian tile flooring open into huge living room with sliders and gas fireplace. Master suite, with walk in closet, sitting room with huge windows and skylights, and master bath with jetted bath, separate tiled shower. Finished basement with bathroom, sun room and large workshop. Above the garage over-sized 2 car garage you will find a game room & bath and bathroom or potential in-law suite. All in very private country setting, peaceful & serene w/ spectacular mountain views from new wrap around deck.