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1Origin
2Techniques
3Distancing effects in non-Brechtian performances
Distancing effect
(Redirected from Alienation effect)
Theatrical technique
Set design for a production of Brecht's Mother Courage and Her Children, featuring a large scene-setting caption Polen ("Poland") above the stage
The distancing effect, also translated as alienation effect (German: Verfremdungseffekt or V-Effekt), is a concept in performing arts credited to German playwright Bertolt Brecht.
Brecht first used the term in his essay "Alienation Effects in Chinese Acting" published in 1936, in which he described it as performing "in such a way that the audience was hindered from simply identifying itself with the characters in the play. Acceptance or rejection of their actions and utterances was meant to take place on a conscious plane, instead of, as hitherto, in the audience's subconscious".[1]
Origin[edit]
The term Verfremdungseffekt is rooted in the Russian Formalist notion of the device of making strange (приём отстранения priyom otstraneniya), which literary critic Viktor Shklovsky claims is the essence of all art.[2] Lemon and Reis's 1965 English translation[3] of Shklovsky's 1917 coinage as "defamiliarization", combined with John Willett's 1964 translation of Brecht's 1935 coinage as "alienation effect"—and the canonization of both translations in Anglophone literary theory in the decades since—has served to obscure the close connections between the two terms. Not only is the root of both terms "strange" (stran- in Russian, fremd in German), but both terms are unusual in their respective languages: ostranenie is a neologism in Russian, while Verfremdung is a resuscitation of a long-obsolete term in German. In addition, according to some accounts, Shklovsky's Russian friend playwright Sergei Tretyakov taught Shklovsky's term to Brecht during Brecht's visit to Moscow in the spring of 1935.[4] For this reason, many scholars have recently taken to using estrangement to translate both terms: "the estrangement device" in Shklovsky, "the estrangement effect" in Brecht.
It was in any case not long after returning in the spring of 1935 from Moscow, where he saw a command performance of Beijing Opera techniques by Mei Lanfang, that Brecht first used the German term in print[5] to label an approach to theater that discouraged involving the audience in an illusory narrative world and in the emotions of the characters. Brecht thought the audience required an emotional distance to reflect on what was being presented in critical and objective ways, rather than being taken out of themselves as conventional entertainment attempts to do.
The proper English translation of Verfremdungseffekt is a matter of controversy. The word is sometimes rendered as defamiliarization effect, estrangement effect, distantiation, alienation effect, or distancing effect. This has caused some confusion for English scholars who confuse the German word Verfremdung with Entfremdung. In Brecht and Method, Fredric Jameson abbreviates Verfremdungseffekt as "the V-Effekt";[6] many scholars similarly leave the word untranslated.
Brecht wanted to "distance" or to "alienate" his audience from the characters and the action and, by dint of that, render them observers who would not become involved in or to sympathize emotionally or to empathize by identifying individually with the characters psychologically; rather, he wanted the audience to understand intellectually the characters' dilemmas and the wrongdoing producing these dilemmas exposed in his dramatic plots. By being thus "distanced" emotionally from the characters and the action on stage, the audience could be able to reach such an intellectual level of understanding (or intellectual empathy); in theory, while alienated emotionally from the action and the characters, they would be empowered on an intellectual level both to analyze and perhaps even to try to change the world, which was Brecht's social and political goal as a playwright and the driving force behind his dramaturgy.
Techniques[edit]
The distancing effect is achieved by the way the "artist never acts as if there were a fourth wall besides the three surrounding him ... The audience can no longer have the illusion of being the unseen spectator at an event which is really taking place".[7] The use of direct audience-address is one way of disrupting stage illusion and generating the distancing effect. In performance, as the performer "observes himself", his objective is "to appear strange and even surprising to the audience. He achieves this by looking strangely at himself and his work".[8] Whether Brecht intended the distancing effect to refer to the audience or to the actor or to both audience and actor is still controversial among teachers and scholars of "Epic Acting" and Brechtian theatre.
By disclosing and making obvious the manipulative contrivances and "fictive" qualities of the medium, the actors attempt to alienate the viewer from any passive acceptance and enjoyment of the play as mere "entertainment". Instead, the goal is to force viewers into a critical, analytical frame of mind that serves to disabuse them of the notion that what they are watching is necessarily an inviolable, self-contained narrative. This effect of making the familiar strange serves a didactic function insofar as it aims to teach the viewer not to take the style and content for granted, since (proponents argue) the theatrical medium itself is highly constructed and contingent upon many cultural and economic conditions.
It may be noted that Brecht's use of distancing effects in order to prevent audience members from what he characterizes as bathing themselves in empathetic emotions and to draw them into an attitude of critical judgment may lead to other reactions than intellectual coolness. Brecht's popularization of these effects has come to dominate the understanding of its dynamics. But the particulars of a spectator's psyche and of the tension aroused by a specific alienating device may actually increase emotional impact.[9] Audience reactions are rarely uniform, and there are many diverse, sometimes unpredictable, responses that may be achieved through distancing.
Actors, directors, and playwrights may draw on alienating effects in creating a production. The playwright may describe them in the script's stage directions, in effect requiring them in the staging of the work. A director may take a script that has not been written to alienate and introduce certain techniques, such as playing dialogue forward to remind the audience that there is no fourth wall, or guiding the cast to act "in quotation marks". The actor (usually with the director's permission) may play scenes with an ironic subtext. These techniques and many more are available for artists in different aspects of the show. For the playwright, reference to vaudeville or musical revues will often allow rapid segues from empathy to a judgmental attitude through comic distancing. A notable example of such estrangement in an English-language script can be found in Brendan Behan's The Hostage (1958).
Distancing effects in non-Brechtian performances[edit]
Brecht's idea of distancing effects has garnered academic interest from a number of researchers in various non-Brechtian performances. Although the term "distancing effect" was first coined by Brecht, the concept has appeared before his usage. Among some notable studies on distancing effects in non-Brechtian performances are: Ta'ziyeh (Iranian ritualistic passion play) (Mohd Nasir et al., 2020),[10] Marathi theatre (Mujumdar, 2013),[11] Swang theatre (ancient Indian folk theatre) (Sharma & Kashyap, 2018),[12] beat poetry (Rissover, 2009),[13] Likay (Thai folk theatre) (Tungtang, 2015),[14] and Quranic narratives (Dina, 2014).[15]
Rissover's paper discusses the integration of twenty poems (which were either excerpted or taken as whole) by nine Beat poets into the performance of Edward Albee's The American Dream. While Rissover does not exclusively consider distancing effects of Beat Poetry as a poetry performance, the paper still demonstrates how beat poetry is able to project distancing effects to the audience.
Additionally, Mujumdar's paper (2013) examined the elements of epic drama (which includes distancing effects) in Tamasha, a traditional form of Marathi theatre. Mujumdar argues that distancing effects have already been present in Tamasha; albeit the concept itself has yet been conceptualized or coined during the 18th century (i.e. the time whereby Tamasha was considered as the popular folk arts). Through songs, narratives, dances, music, and commentaries that are embedded within Tamasha, the audience is said to be unconsciously performing a social role and achieving the distancing effects advocated by Brecht.[11]
Furthemore, Paradee's (2015) article emphasized that the extensive use of the Verfremdungseffekt (the V-effect) or "alienation effect" can be found commonly in Thai Likay theatre. Even though Likay is performed in a way which could be perceived as evoking Brecht's alienation effect, Brechtian acting troupes and Thai Likay troupes approaches are distinctly different. While the goal for Brecht's alienation effect in the western theatre is to make the audience always aware that they are watching a play, and not being "taken out of themselves" and thus not being distracted from the main meaning of the story, Thai Likay aims to do otherwise.
Defamiliarization
Epic theatre
Theatre of the Absurd
Hal Hartley
Metafiction
Nagisa Oshima
Toshiki Okada
^ John Willett, ed. and trans., Brecht on Theatre (New York: Hill and Wang, 1964), p. 91.
^ "Art as Device", translated by Benjamin Sher in Shklovsky, The Theory of Prose (Bloomington, IL: Dalkey Archive Press, 1991).
^ Lee T. Lemon and Marion J. Reis, eds. and trans., Russian Formalist Criticism (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press).
^ For discussion, see Douglas Robinson, Estrangement and the Somatics of Literature: Tolstoy, Shklovsky, Brecht (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008).
^ "Alienation Effects in Chinese Acting" Archived July 19, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, in Willett 99.
^ Jameson, Fredric (1998). Brecht and method. London: Verso. ISBN 1-85984-249-6. OCLC 39477726.
^ Willett 91
^ Frau Weigel's famous Gestus of the stummer Schrei or "silent scream," following the death of Courage's son Swiss Cheese, moved some to experience deep empathy—based on a vicarious feeling of what it is to so restrain oneself that the full expression of grief is prevented.
^ Hashim, Mohd Nasir; Alizadeh, Farideh (1 January 2020). "A comparative study: The principles of the distancing effect in Brechtian theater and Ta'ziyeh". Cogent Arts & Humanities. 7 (1): 1790195. doi:10.1080/23311983.2020.1790195.
^ a b Mujumdar, Smita (2013). "Bertolt Brecht's concept of 'epic-drama' and alienation theory and 'Tamasha art' in Marathi theatre: A comparative study" (PDF). Lapis Lazuli. 3: 1–13.
^ Sharma, Sandhya; Kashyap, Satish (1 July 2018). "Comparative Study of Performance: Swang and Bretolt Brecht's Epic Theatre and Verfremdungseffekt". Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing. 9 (7): 934–936.
^ Rissover, Fredric (January 1971). "Beat poetry, the American dream , and the alienation effect". The Speech Teacher. 20 (1): 36–43. doi:10.1080/03634527109377854.
^ Paradee Tungtang (May–August 2015). ""Yes,we fully realize that we're watching a play.we just don't realize that lt's brecht.": An analysis of brecht's v-effect technique used in thai likay theatre". มนุษยศาสตร์สังคมศาสตร์.
^ Amin, Dina; أمين, دينا (2014). "Bā Kathīr's "Hārūt wa-Mārūt": Can the Qur'an Have an Alienating Effect? / هاروت وماروت" لعلي باكثير: أيكون القران اداة تباعدية؟"". Journal of Qur'anic Studies. 16 (3): 157–173. doi:10.3366/jqs.2014.0171. JSTOR 24280431.
Brecht, Bertolt; Bentley, Eric (1961). "On Chinese Acting". The Tulane Drama Review. 6 (1): 130–136. doi:10.2307/1125011. JSTOR 1125011.
Jameson, Fredric. Brecht and Method. London and New York: Verso, 1998. ISBN 1-85984-809-5 (10). ISBN 978-1-85984-809-8 (13).
Min Tian, The Poetics of Difference and Displacement: Twentieth-Century Chinese-Western Intercultural Theatre. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2008.
Robinson, Douglas. Estrangement and the Somatics of Literature: Tolstoy, Shklovsky, Brecht. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008.
Squiers, Anthony. An Introduction to the Social and Political Philosophy of Bertolt Brecht: Revolution and Aesthetics. Amsterdam: Rodopi. 2014. ISBN 9789042038998.
Willett, John, ed. and trans. Brecht on Theatre: The Development of an Aesthetic. London: Methuen, 1964. ISBN 0-413-38800-X. New York: Hill and Wang, 1964. ISBN 0-8090-3100-0.
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TBI investigating officer-involved shooting in Clarksville
Joey Gill
WSMV Digital Content Producer
NASHVILLE (WSMV) - Special agents with the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation are investigating a deadly officer-involved shooting that happened Saturday morning in Clarksville.
According to the TBI, officers with Clarksville Police Department responded around 9:45 a.m. to a vehicle accident call in the 1900 block of Batts Lane. Witnesses reported seeing a man and a woman walking away from the crash, and officers found two people in that area matching their description. As officers approached the two, the man fled on foot. One of the officers chased after the man. While the circumstances surrounding the shooting are still being investigated, it is believed the man was shot by the officer.
The man was taken to a Clarksville hospital where he was pronounced dead. The identity of the man is pending the notification of next of kin. No officers were injured in the shooting.
The TBI is not identifying the officer involved in the incident. This is a developing story, stay tuned to News4 for updates.
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Joey is an award-winning Digital Content Producer on the WSMV Digital Team! A graduate of the University of South Carolina-Aiken, Joey joined WSMV in September 2018. He's happy to be Working 4 You!
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6-year-old girl dies after father accidentally hits her with golf ball

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text:
Science Sound
A periodic wave has a period of 0.36 s. What is the wave frequency?
The Periodic Wave:
In physics, a periodic wave is a wave that repeating a continuous pattern, which helps to determines its wavelength and frequency. In a periodic wave, the period is the time taken for one complete wave cycle, and the wave frequency is defined as the number of waves per unit of time. The wave frequency and the period are inversely related to each other. The S.I. unit of frequency is Hertz (Hz), or per second.
{eq}T = \dfrac{1}{f},\;{\rm{or}}\;f = \dfrac{1}{T} {/eq}
Answer and Explanation: 1
Given Data:
The given period of a periodic wave is: {eq}T = 0.36\;\rm{s} {/eq}.
We know that the relation between wave frequency and its period...
Wave Period: Definition & Formula
Learn what the period of a wave is. Discover how to find the period of a wave using the period formula—also called the period equation—based on the frequency of a wave.
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I am starting a series of essays for the website of OKAMURA CORPORATION. From the onset I would like to introduce the kind of trees we all are familiar with.
Trees have the power to change history. Each species of tree, even individual trees, have a something special. Every kind of tree has distinctive features. Let me talk about it in this series of writing.
If you have any requests as to what kind of stories you want to read I will be happy to nurture your enjoyment.
Over five hundred species of acorn-bearing species of oak trees have been identified world-wide. In Japan there are sixteen native species, growing from Okinawa to Hokkaido. In our Afan woodland trust here in Kurohime, northern Nagano we have two species that are native to this area; ko nara and mizu nara, but for study we have separately grown English oaks, American red oaks and Japanese kashi (that's the oak with the really big leaf).
The oak tree I knew as a boy was the English oak, with its Latin name of Quercus robur, meaning 'strong' and 'hard wood.' To the Celts the oak was a sacred tree and often the Celtic places of worship were in groves of oaks which had ancient trees and probably a spring or a huge boulder.
The English built their mighty navy with oak trees. Oak was used for ships, buildings, furniture, tools, utensils and weapons. The wood gave fuel, in firewood or charcoal. Bark from young oak trees was used in tanning leather. Acorns were a common source of food before people turned to farming grains and beans, but even so, all over Europe and among Native Americans, acorns are still gathered and used as food.
The acorns must be ripe, with no mildew or worm holes. The tannic acid, which makes acorns bitter, has to be leached, either with cold running water or by boiling and then washing with cold water. Acorn nuts can be used whole, or ground or pounded into flour.
In southern Spain, when acorns begin to drop from the trees, pigs are let loose to forage. 'Acorn-finished' pork has more fat, yet the meat is more tasty, healthy and lean. 'Jamon iberico de bellota' is the most expensive and perhaps most popular ham there is.
As long as pigs are kept away from endangered plants or small animals (ground nesting birds etc.) this custom is good for pigs, pork, and for the health of the woods. We did try it for some years here in Kurohime, on a patch of land that I owned, and the pork and ham was superb!
So much has been written about acorns that the little acorn surely has some mighty magic!


I am part of some sort of Olympic sports sub-committee along with my friend Heather C.
It is winter and there is snow and ice everywhere, making travel difficult. A crazy eyed blonde helicopter pilot has to get Heather and me to where we are staying. Through dream montage it takes a range rover, two helicopters and a strange ATV vehicle that resembles a bull shark with wheels that is able to burrow under the snow – like a snow submarine – to get to the run down administrative building where we will be staying for the duration of the Olympic event.
Other residents include Robin Tunney, Jeff Goldblum, Timothy Olyphant, Vin Diesel and someone who looks like Charlize Theron but is not (the feeling is like looking at an image of Charlize Theron with a post it note placed next to it saying "this is not Charlize Theron" – shrug – dream logic is dreamy).
Vin Diesel at the Hollywood Foreign Press Association press conference for the movie "Mrs. Harris" held in Los Angeles, CA on March 6, 2006. Photo by: Yoram Kahana_Shooting Star. NO TABLOID PUBLICATIONS. NO USA SALES UNTIL June 7, 2006.
We are here to work. We are good workers. We do good works.
My wife, Cat G., and I are in a local Holiday Inn conference room. Boring reddish brown carpet, chintzy faded wallpaper of fake oak wood paneling in a very cubical room, 40 foot wide, tall, deep. Fluorescent lights flicker above, giving the room a flat, dead light. The room is flanked by two sets of double doors, to the east and to the west. There is no furniture, there is only us. We are the last ones.
We are both wearing conservative corporate wear.
I have my red lacquered ukulele.
There is a monitor station set in the ceiling of the room. It looks like a fire alarm with a pink orb set in the middle of it and a tiny orange light, blinking on one side.
I take my ukulele and begin to play, carefully monitoring the orange light blinking. As I this I am explaining to my wife how the monitoring stations work.
And here (ahem) here we see the STRA-tam of the distinguishable ages of the brick.
That is to say internally consistent characteristics (i.e. color, texture, TASTE) that distinguishes it from contiguous layers. Individual bands may vary in thickness from a few millimeters to a kilometer or more. Each band represents a specific mode of brickmologly (the Portuguese call this Tijology, which some might find easier to say or remember, this will get you extra credit on the final exam) wherewithall the brick, being exposed to variances in silt, hydrogenation, virgin blood, and/or high level doses of travieso radiación can cause the brick matter to blush more and more of a "brick color" as shown here.
No, TRA-vieso, with a "T".
He bought me a Turkish coffee and a little stale danish.
I do remember the patterns in the wood of the bar, the way the old coots down at the other end were having a replay of a bitter argument that had been going on for a good forty years; something about wives and children…and loyalties there-in, absences and omissions.
I remember the smell of stale cigars and cheap whiskey, though there was no one drinking whiskey or smoking cigars that night.
And I remember the teeth of sleep, looking remarkably bright and sharp in the dim amber light, flashing easily with smiles and laughter.
and the hair, the HAIR!!!
Cristen J. and I are working on board a research vessel. A ship devoted to something about undersea pet recovery and medical research (pet rescue, or medical research to employ on pets in order to rescue them). Stacy D. is also on board in a managerial capacity. Cristen and I wear old 1920s style heavy duty underwater suits. Lots of beautiful underwater footage of exotic animals under the sea – bright, vibrant, striking color – it is like Jacques Cousteau footage retouched by Peter Max. Sea anemone, dogfish, clown-fish, seahorses with double and triple tails and ornate crowns made of living coral.
The colors and vibrancy of the undersea world was in sharp contrast to the drabness of things topside.
After a full day of work, there is a formal dress party on the ship deck. Ship officer uniforms in crisp white and khaki. Champagne. Paper lanterns. Seventies era organ music pumped through the ships PA system. Speeches are called for.
Last Tuesday the devil bought me a cup of coffee.
I had found myself caught in one of those fierce summer storms that seem to come up out of nowhere and I had taken shelter before it got really bad, "storm" and "bad" being relative terms of course.
I stumbled in right when the hailstones went from bad to apocalyptic…baseball sized, which was doing a number on the cars in the parking lot based on the crash and boom of dented metal, cracking safety glass, and dull roar of car alarms going on as the door closed behind me.
The "please seat yourself" sign was on display at the front by the cash register, so I went ahead and found a booth pointed away from the ebb and flow of the parking lot destruction. A flickering television over the sundae bar was flashing an extreme weather advisory.
The quick brown fox leaped over the mauve couch.


Summary: The First Adam was given a commandment to create life. The Second Adam has given us the commandment to create eternal life in the hearts of all those around us. So as we go, as we teach, as we baptize, we are making disciples.
All authority is given to Jesus. This gives Him the right to command whatever He likes.
• He could have pronounced final judgment on the earth right then.
• He could have disestablished the Roman Empire and established the Empire of the Son.
Instead, He issued a commandment-a simple, lowly commandment with an intimate, human touch.
The only command is to "make disciples." (all of the other elements of the commission are present, active, participles-not commands). Going, Baptizing, Teaching, make disciples. As we go, as we teach, as we baptize, we are making disciples, and that is what the commandment is.
The Great Commission is to make disciples.
Jesus said, "Peace be with you! As the Father has sent me, I am sending you." John 20:21.
Jesus is sending His disciples. As Jesus left the throne of glory to live among us, He has sent us to go—to be His apostles, His 'sent ones'. But as He left heaven to descend to our hell, He has called us to move from this hell we've made of earth to His heaven.
We must move out of the shacks of introversion and protectionism into the mansions of generosity and communion with our fellow humanity.
Obedience to the Great Commission means we can no longer live lives of comfort and ease.
We must become uncomfortable and uneasy, moving wherever God calls us.
Baptism is identification with the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus. It is a complete transformation. It is, yes, conversion, but not in so puny and limited a sense as a mere transfer from one creed to another.
It is a complete rework.
• From the death of consuming pleasure to a life of consummated spirit.
• From groans of grief to songs of joy.
• From chants to a deaf, dumb and mute idol, to songs of praise to the eternal God.
We are to be going and baptizing, and that baptism means we are to bring people from death to life. We are also to teach.
Teaching means passing on to others what you have learned. Any teacher must first be a student. In fact, the word "disciple" actually means student. If you are going to "make disciples" you have to make students.
It brings us to the point of this message: the title "Make Disciples of all nations" is based on the only command of the Great Commission.
• It is NOT a command to build radio & television stations, and satellite networks.
• It is NOT a command to have crusades or other large outreach meetings.
So what is the Command of the Great Commission?
The rest of this message will be an attempt to answer that question.
To make disciples of Jesus, you must first be a disciple of Jesus. . . so, what are the elements that make a person a disciple of Jesus?
One of the disciples mentioned, "Show us the Father and that would suffice us." Jesus said, "Have I been so long with you and you do not know Me? He who has seen Me, has seen the Father." Jesus and the Father are one. There are three Persons – Father, Son and the Holy Spirit, and they is God. To know One is to know the other, and so to see Jesus is to see the Father.
Have we become so intimate with Jesus that when someone looks at us, they feel that they have seen Jesus? Have you become intimate in your knowledge of Him? If not, you cannot claim to be a disciple of Jesus, and you cannot then make disciples.
The First Adam was given a commandment to create life. The Second Adam has given us the commandment to create eternal life in the hearts of all those around us. So as we go, as we teach, as we baptize, we are making disciples.


Royal Bank of Scotland took over NatWest in 2000. The group also owns Charter One and Citizens Financial in the US and sells insurance through its Direct Line and Churchill arms. RBS is headed up by Chief Executive Ross McEwan and Chairman Howard Davies.
RBS Share Price - Does Royal Bank Of Scotland's dividend make it a good ISA candidate?
Royal Bank of Scotland Group Share chat - Message board.
Data for Royal Bank of Scotland Group is end of day only and updates after midnight GMT. Data is gathered from historic databases such as Quandl and other reliable sources, however errors do occur. Please use for information purposes only.


text:
Q: Make a dataframe with str.count() over the index EDIT (thanks to Jezrael to lead me on a way to do it):
I have a list of phone numbers, and I'd like for every number to count the number of occurences of each digit. You'd understand that a double for loop isn't possible as I have a few hundred thousands phone numbers to compute on.
For that i create a dataframe (because I feel it might be an effective way to do it) which contains on each row the split of the phone number:
numbers = ['0615260518','0815465948','0215616235','0415291826']
df = pd.DataFrame([list(number) for number in numbers])

Out[1]:
    0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9
0   0   6   1   5   2   6   0   5   1   8
1   0   8   1   5   4   6   5   9   4   8
2   0   2   1   5   6   1   6   2   3   5
3   0   4   1   5   2   9   1   8   2   6

Then I need to fill it with the desired counts. Desired output:
Out[2]:
            0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9
0615260518  2   2   1   0   0   2   2   0   1   0
0815465948  1   1   0   0   2   2   1   0   2   1
0215616235  1   2   2   1   0   2   2   0   0   0
0415291826  1   2   2   0   1   1   1   0   1   1

Here is a bloody not pythonic way to achieve it:
for num in df.index:
    for col in df.columns:
        df.ix[num,col] = num.count(str(col))

Way too long to compute, then Jezrael offered me this solution:
df.apply(lambda x: x.value_counts(), axis=1).fillna(0).astype(int)

Which is way better, but still too long. So I've tried to replace the value_counts which isn't designed for small dataframes:
df.apply(lambda x: digit_count(''.join(x)), axis=1)

Where:
def digit_count(number):
    my_string = list(number.lower())
    my_dict = []
    for i in np.arange(10):
        my_dict.append(my_string.count(str(i)))
    return my_dict

Which is about 3 times faster. But is there any way to do it even faster (I feel this iteration isn't optimal).

A: You can first convert index to_series, because apply does not work with index yet. Last apply value_counts, fillna and cast to int by astype:
a = (df.index.to_series().apply(lambda x: pd.Series(list(x))))
print (a)
            0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9
0615260518  0  6  1  5  2  6  0  5  1  8
0815465948  0  8  1  5  4  6  5  9  4  8
0215616235  0  2  1  5  6  1  6  2  3  5
0415291826  0  4  1  5  2  9  1  8  2  6

print (a.apply(lambda x: x.value_counts(), axis=1).fillna(0).astype(int))

            0  1  2  3  4  5  6  8  9
0615260518  2  2  1  0  0  2  2  1  0
0815465948  1  1  0  0  2  2  1  2  1
0215616235  1  2  2  1  0  2  2  0  0
0415291826  1  2  2  0  1  1  1  1  1

EDIT:
from collections import Counter
print (pd.DataFrame([x for x in a.apply(Counter, axis=1)]))
   0  1    2    3    4  5  6    8    9
0  2  2  1.0  NaN  NaN  2  2  1.0  NaN
1  1  1  NaN  NaN  2.0  2  1  2.0  1.0
2  1  2  2.0  1.0  NaN  2  2  NaN  NaN
3  1  2  2.0  NaN  1.0  1  1  1.0  1.0

Timings(len(df)=4):
In [288]: %timeit (a.apply(lambda x: x.value_counts(), axis=1))
100 loops, best of 3: 3.74 ms per loop

In [289]: %timeit (pd.DataFrame([x for x in a.apply(Counter, axis=1)]))
1000 loops, best of 3: 1.27 ms per loop

(len(df)=4k):
In [296]: %timeit (pd.DataFrame([x for x in a.apply(Counter, axis=1)]))
10 loops, best of 3: 87 ms per loop

In [297]: %timeit (a.apply(lambda x: x.value_counts(), axis=1))
1 loop, best of 3: 2.45 s per loop

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Empyrean Sun
At Left: Depiction of the Empyrean by Gustave Dore
Source: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/3b/2f/f8/3b2ff87923f6ec332064066ca8cc4e9c.jpg
For the student of the Solar Sciences, many insights are to be gained from ancient allegories. The Supreme First Cause is seen in the 3-D physical plane as our Sun. The ancient Greeks taught that it has a counterpart, unobserved by the five human physical senses, which they called the Sun-behind-the-sun.
In olden times the name Empyrean was used as a name for the firmament, and in Christian literature, notably the Divine Comedy, for the dwelling-place of God, the Blessed, and celestial beings so divine they are made of pure light, and the source of all Light and creation. Empyrean, from the Medieval Latin empyreus, an adaptation of the Ancient Greek ἔμπυρος empyrus "in or on the fire (pyr)", properly Empyrean Heaven, is the place in the highest heaven, which in ancient cosmologies was said to be occupied by the element of fire (or aether in Aristotle's natural philosophy)[i].
Applying the mystical maxim, 'As Above, So below,' we know we have a Solar Heart within each of us. Our egoic sense of self is just a reflection of that central source of light.
REFERENCE FOOTNOTES:
[i] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empyrean
Paul V Young is a freelance writer based in Brisbane Australia. His articles appear in magazines such as New Dawn and Atlantis Rising.


"Testing Lacks Public Support," the headline on the Phi Delta Kappan's summary of its just published 2015 Gallup Poll of the Public's Attitudes Toward the Public Schools, says it all. The annual survey clearly shows that a majority of Americans are fed up with politically mandated overuse and misuse of standardized exams, just as FairTest and allies have repeatedly stated.
National "Sorry, I'm Not Taking This Test"
Arizona Is Skepticism About High-Stakes Testing Reaching a Tipping Point?
California What Is the True Value of a Test Score?
Oregon Some Demographic Groups Missed Fed 95% Participation "Target"
Tennessee What Do Testing Spikes and Nosedives Really Mean?


The package prices under are restricted and may not reflect actual-time pricing or availability. Vacation packages start at under $one hundred forty and embody overnight lodging and two tickets to 2 points of interest (Henry Ford Museum, Greenfield Village or Ford Rouge Factory Tour). Rate is per adult, per night, tax inclusive and primarily based on double adult occupancy for a three-night keep on the Loews Sapphire Falls Resort, Standard Room.
Luxury Travel Advisor is the travel commerce's first and solely publication devoted to educating a select group of luxurious journey advisors by means of detailed protection of luxurious travel's most interesting – lodges and resorts, locations, unique features, cruise insights, occasion protection and industry information. Ecuador had previously counted four circumstances, however the contaminated people had returned from travel to affected areas, but the well being ministry announced two new cases on Friday. Zika virus infections acquired domestically have been reported from Puerto Rico for the primary time ever in late December 2015. Scandinavia is a scarcely populated region in Nordic Europe containing only a handful of countries with some of the most impressive sceneries and landscapes.


text:
Feb. 22, 2012 / 6:41 PM
SAG members sue to stop AFTRA merger
Actor Martin Sheen testifies before a Senate Judiciary Committee Crime and Judiciary Subcommittee hearing titled "Drug and Veterans Treatment Courts: Seeking Cost-Effective Solutions for Protecting Public Safety and Reducing Recidivism," on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C. on July 19, 2011. UPI/Kevin Dietsch | License Photo
LOS ANGELES, Feb. 22 (UPI) -- Members of the Screen Actors Guild are suing to head off the guild's proposed merger with the American Federation of Television & Radio Artists.
The screen actors have asked the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California to grant an injunction to stop the guild from calling for a vote on the proposed merger with their colleagues.
The suit claimed the SAG board has "breached its fiduciary duties to conduct an actuarial impact study detailing the effects of the proposed merger on SAG membership pension and health benefits."
Among the plaintiffs named in the suit are Martin Sheen, Edward Asner, Ed Harris, Valerie Harper, Diane Ladd, Lainie Kazan, Joe Bologna, Alan Rosenberg, Alan Ruck, Nancy Sinatra and Renee Taylor.
"We have spent almost two months negotiating with SAG in an effort to get them to present the truth regarding this merger plan. Members are entitled to full disclosure, not half-truths and misleading and unsupported promises," David B. Casselman of the Los Angeles law firm Wasserman, Comden, Casselman & Esensten LLP, said in a statement Wednesday. "They have done nothing of substance to support their claims that the proposed merger will protect SAG member benefits. The average SAG member makes less than $10,000 per year. They need to know that all necessary due diligence was done to protect them."
SAG issued its own statement, saying the guild's board thinks "this suit is completely without merit."
"We will vigorously defend all claims in court," the statement said. "We are confident that our actions are appropriate and consistent with the law and our own rules of procedure. Any suggestion that the members have not been fully and fairly informed is preposterous. We have scheduled more than 50 informational meetings across the country, have posted all of the merger documents on the Web site for over four weeks, and we have afforded the merger opponents the right to send an opposition statement at the unions' expense as part of the referendum package."
Alan Rosenberg
Valerie Harper


PHOTOS: Rare gathering of railroad "speeders" has Connecticut River residents asking "What was that?"
WHITE RIVER JUNCTION - A rare and eye-catching sight took place Saturday as fifty restored "Speeders" took over the railroad tracks on the Vermont side of the Connecticut River and spent the day making their way from White River Junction up to Newport, Vermont.
Known officially as "railway inspection motorcars," the spiffy little speeders were a common sight on railroads for most of the 20th century until they were replaced by pickup trucks equipped with rail wheels known as "high-railers" that were also capable of driving on regular roads in between stints on the tracks.
Today, those speeders that remain are prized by collectors from the North American Rail Car Operators Association who painstakingly restore and then lug them all over the country to go on excursions along scenic railroad lines that they rent out specially for the occasion.


Having business cards handy is still useful, despite us being in the digital age. There's just something about having business cards ready when you meet a potential client or when you are networking. Of course, you want your business card to reflect the core of your business and to stand out, but sometimes, people take it a little too far. This simple guide will help you design the perfect business card for your company!
Sure, being creative is awesome in order to stand out from everyone else trying to sell their product and it shouldn't be neglected, but make sure your business card is readable, first. Prioritize simpler fonts and colors and don't add shades or images that are too extravagant. You want your customers to be able to find your contact information when they need it.
For your business card to be effective, you need to wisely select readable fonts and colors. Make sure, if you have a specific branding of your company, that you use those same or similar fonts and colors. Your business cards should be a good continuity of the rest of your brand. Moreover, your font should be big enough so that your potential customers don't have to squint in order to get your contact information.
Your logo represents your identity as a business and you should be proud of it. After you've finished creating your logo with Freelogodesign, you can simply add it to your business cards or other promotional items. Your logo is a direct representation of your company, so make sure it fits with your business's brand image.
It is said that to be effective, a business card should have at least 3 contact information. Usually, it will be :your name, a phone number and an email address. If space permits, use it to add your company name or website. Leaving out an email address or phone number will make you look unprofessional.
As we previously mentioned, creativity is awesome in all aspects of your business but you don't want to lose customers over crazy fonts, fluorescent colors and unreadable contact information. You can easily lose focus on the essentials on a business cards, as small as it is!
You want your business to be taken seriously, so make sure your texts are impeccable. If you aren't an expert, add a specialist of someone close to you to look over your information and make sure they are perfect before sending them to print. If your company name, logo or contact information change, make sure you get some new cards made, and keep your clients in the loop!
Don't forget to have fun while creating your business cards!


Add this code in theme functions.php file for add custom stylesheet in genesis theme.
Now you create custom.css file and upload in genesis child theme directory. Like as: http://yoursite.com/wp-content/themes/genesis-child-theme/custom.css .


My teaching approach: My professional experience includes teaching private students sine 2000, teaching English in Japan (4 years; all ages), substitute teaching, college professor's aid experience, and more. Whether related to teaching guitar or other subjects, I have plenty of teaching experience. I like to use the book, "Harmony and Theory," I always use metronomes, keep up to date materials for students using youtube and other utilities/programs, and have a very patient personality mixed with a scientific approach to teaching. Students must practice, so I motivate them to practice daily!My influences are: Scott Henderson, Nirvana, Pantera, Blink 182, Cuban artists such as NG la Banda and La Charanga Habanera, the Mighty Mighty Bosstones, James Brown, and more.My guitar lessons take place in: The teacher's studio or the student's homeGuitar Techniques: Guidance In Equipment Selection, Recording and Production, Song Writing, Scales and Exercises, Music Theory, Reading Music, Lead guitar, Rhythm guitar, Open tuning, Fingerstyle, Vocal Accompaniment, Performance, Improvisation, Jamming SkillsYour first guitar lesson with me might include the following: Asking questions about the major scale first and foremost. About chord types, theory, etc.A guitar lesson with me might entail the following: Books or without books. Assessing your current level then taking it from there. Of course assessing goals, ideal genres to emphasize, etc.The qualities I look for in an ideal guitar student might include the following: One that takes notes and scans MY notes regularly throughout the week as they practice 30+ min/day.


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Tehran - Iran Approves Death Penalty For Researcher Accused Of Spying For Israel
Published on: December 25, 2017 07:48 AM
By: Reuters
People take part in a rally, on December 14, 2017 at the Iranian embassy in Brussels, in support of Ahmadreza Djalali after Iran's Supreme Court upheld the death sentence handed to this an Iranian-born Swedish resident and specialist in emergency medicine.
Tehran - Iran's Supreme Court has upheld a death sentence against a Sweden-based Iranian academic convicted of spying for Israel, the Tehran prosecutor was quoted as saying on Monday, confirming reports by Amnesty International and his family.
Ahmadreza Djalali, a medical doctor and lecturer at the Karolinska Institute, a Stockholm medical university, was accused of providing information to Israel to help it assassinate several senior nuclear scientists.
Djalali was arrested in Iran in April 2016 and later convicted of espionage. He has denied the charges, Amnesty said.
At least four scientists were killed between 2010 and 2012 in what Tehran said were assassinations meant to sabotage its efforts to develop nuclear energy. Western powers and Israel said Iran aimed to build a nuclear bomb. Tehran denied this.
The Islamic Republic hanged a man in 2012 over the killings, saying he was an agent for Israeli intelligence agency Mossad.
On Monday, Tehran prosecutor Abbas Jafari Dolatabadi said the Supreme Court recently upheld the death sentence against Djalali, the news site of Iran's judiciary, Mizan, reported.
Dolatabadi said Djalali had confessed to meeting Mossad agents repeatedly to deliver information on Iran's nuclear and defense plans and personnel, and helping to infect Defense Ministry computer systems with viruses, Mizan reported.
London-based Amnesty International and Djalali's wife said earlier this month that his lawyers were told that the Supreme Court had considered his case and upheld his death sentence.
Iranian state television broadcast last week what it described as Djalali's confessions. His wife said he had been forced by his interrogators to read the confession.
Djalali was on a business trip to Iran when he was arrested and sent to Evin prison. He was held in solitary confinement for three months of his detention and tortured, Amnesty said.
It said Djalali wrote a letter inside prison in August stating he was being held for refusing to spy for Iran.
Sweden condemned the sentence in October and said it had raised the matter with Iranian envoys.
Seventy-five Nobel prize laureates petitioned Iranian authorities last month to release Djalali so he could "continue his scholarly work for the benefit of mankind".
"Guatemala City - Guatemalan President Jimmy Morales drew praise from Israeli officials on Monday for deciding to relocate the Central American country's embassy to..." Guatemala City - Israel Praises Guatemala Over Jerusalem Embassy Move	"Damascus - Syrian army forces backed by Iranian-backed militias pushed deeper into the last rebel-held enclave near a strategic border area with Israel and Lebanon in a..." Damascus - Syrian, Iranian Backed Forces Advance In Border Area Near Israel


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This city is taking on Silicon Valley as a start-up haven
May 23, 2016 | Kate Rogers, CNBC.com
Due in large part to the sky-high valuations of Silicon Valley's technology darlings, San Francisco's start-up scene has been a dominant story line in recent years — and rightfully so. But a powerful ecosystem has emerged in San Diego for entrepreneurs, bolstered by the fact it has developed itself as a center of excellence in biotech and life sciences, mobile technology and aerospace research.
According to data from the Kauffman Foundation's "Startup Activity"report, San Diego ranks as a top 10 start-up city for the past two years, advancing one spot to No. 9 in 2015. Eighty percent of entrepreneurs are considered "opportunity share" in the metro, meaning founders were not previously unemployed before launching, but instead started up as they saw an opportunity in the market. What's more, there are nearly 155 start-ups for every 100,000 residents in the area.
Venture capital money is also flowing to San Diego at a fever pitch, with investments totaling $1.28 billion in 2015. This is the most since 2007, when $1.18 billion was deployed to San Diego companies, according to the National Venture Capital Association (NVCA), led by investments in biotechnology and telecommunications companies.
"We have a culture of entrepreneurship and a collaborative environment that you don't see in a lot of other cities," said Jerry Sanders, president and CEO of the San Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce, who added that about 400 new businesses are launched in the region each year. Sanders credits a strong support system of 27 incubators and accelerators in the city, including those out of the University of California, San Diego, and SPAWAR, the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, in part for the development of new businesses.
"There's a misperception that you have to be a start-up company based in Silicon Valley to receive venture funding. That's simply not the case," Bobby Franklin, president and CEO of the NCVA, said in an email statement. "Part of what makes a successful ecosystem is knowing what you're good at and building from there."
Leveraging local talent
One of the biggest lures for start-ups is San Diego's talent pool. A San Diego Regional EDC study showed the city has the second-highest concentration of science and engineering professionals in the United States.
Building on the skill set of San Diego's military community is Darin Andersen, a serial start-up entrepreneur, who launched CyberHive four years ago to create a national professional networking organization for emerging technology. Government cybersecurity is a huge focus, but start-ups have expanded to include the Internet of Things, robotics and more. Since 2012, CyberHive has incubated 167 companies, and start-ups have raised $80 million in follow-on funding.
CyberHive sits inside of The Nest co-working community, along with other specialized incubators — including iHive for Internet of Things companies and xHive for start-ups focusing on things like drones, 3-D printing and robotics.
"What we bring is an amazing digital workforce, a population of young millennials, mid-career and even older people in the workforce who have built technical solutions and products in San Diego — it's where we tackle the hard problems," Andersen said.
One issue for the city is brain drain, with talent fleeing to San Francisco or opting not to launch in San Diego at all. Some are being lured away by the idea of working for big names like Facebook and Google or relocating there as the network of venture capital funding is well established in Silicon Valley.
That's something The Vine is attempting to fix. Irvine, a real estate establishment that's been around for 150 years, partnered with EvoNexus, a tech incubator in 2010, providing free space to generate jobs and start-ups in the city, which led to the launch of The Vine in downtown San Diego in 2012. More than 40 percent of downtown companies are housed there, and in four years 134 companies have raised just over $1 billion in funding.
Source: Kate Rogers
Jeff Winkler launched Origin Code Academy in San Diego last year to try to cultivate and keep local talent in the city.
One of those entrepreneurs is Jeff Winkler, who launched Origin Code Academy in September 2015, out of The Vine. The 12-week program costs about $12,000 and has 100 percent job placement so far. Winkler reaches out to big tech names in the area, like Qualcomm and Microsoft, to ensure he is teaching the skills needed for hiring post-graduation.
"Everyone in San Diego was leaving to go to the Bay Area, so we are just trying to solve the overall problem of keeping talent in San Diego," said Winkler, who previously worked in finance before selling a fitness app, Gymsurfing, to the company that was later bought by ClassPass. He had first attended a coding class in Orlando. "I didn't have the best experience, and no one got a job once the course was over," he said — something he is aiming to fix with his own model.
Co-founders and husband-wife team Flash and Melani Gordon built on San Diego's craft brewing industry for their start-up TapHunter.
Another Vine graduate is TapHunter, a craft beer platform helping other small businesses. The industry tool has raised just over $1 million in funding and helps bar and restaurant owners automatically update their inventory on social, web, menus and displays on the platform. The company's consumer-facing app also helps users find the places that are selling and serving their favorite drinks.
Craft brewing has been a growing industry in the city over the past several decades, and husband-wife duo Flash and Melani Gordon saw an opportunity. "It's local, and it's quality," Melani said of the craft brew movement. "Running a world-class beverage program is not easy, and that's what our tools help you to do."
"Craft beer is a premium local product, and there is a real passion for it in San Diego," Flash added. "And I felt that here."
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text:
Q: How to prevent InitializeComponent code from constructing a member field / property Firstly I'm very new to WPF (coming from WinForms) and I'm facing quite a difficult problem. Sorry if it's rather lengthy, I've tried to give it structure and shorten it down.
Environment (brief)
I'm using a custom user control CaptureControl inside my MainWindow. This control has an encapsuled field / property of an InputManager object. This InputManager object is instantiated a single time in the global App class. It is later assigned to user control members (e.g. the CaptureControl).
Problem
My problem with this is that for some reason the InitializeComponent() call inside my CaptureControl constructs an instance of InputManager somewhere in external code. The InputManager registers event handlers to a static class during construction and needs to be disposed in order to unregister these handlers again. Sadly whatever constructs an instance of the InputManager class does not dispose it properly again or keeps it referenced at some place where I can't access it. The _InputManager field remains being null.
This is the problematic code:
public partial class CaptureControl : UserControl
{
    /// <summary>
    /// <para>Gets or sets the Input Manager to be used</para>
    /// </summary>
    public InputManager InputManager
    {
        get => _InputManager;
        set
        {
            _InputManager = value;
            lstTriggeredKeys.DataContext = _InputManager;
        }
    }
    private InputManager _InputManager;

    public CaptureControl()
    {
        InitializeComponent(); // This calls external code which constructs an instance of InputManager
    }
}

This invokes the constructor of my InputManager class:
public class InputManager : IDisposable
{
    /// <summary>
    /// <para>Constructs the input helper</para>
    /// <para>Registers static keyboard events</para>
    /// </summary>
    public InputManager()
    {
        Interceptor.OnKeyInput += Interceptor_OnKeyInput;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// <para>Releases static keyboard events</para>
    /// </summary>
    public void Dispose()
    {
        Interceptor.OnKeyInput -= Interceptor_OnKeyInput;
    }

    private void Interceptor_OnKeyInput(KeyInput input)
    { ... }
}

Which results in two problems:

*

*There is an event handler unnecessarily being invoked on an anonymous object

*The dependent clean-up logic on the static class is not fired if the event handler count is higher than 0

Question
I have difficulties understanding why the InitializeComponent() call would construct an instance of InputManager in the first place.

How can this be prevented? How can I prevent the external code behind
  InitializeComponent() to construct an instance of
  InputManager for whatever reason?

Call Stack
The external code call stack behind InitializeComponent() is huge and ends with an invisible native to managed transition. The last visible record before reaching the InputManager constructor is:
> InputData.dll!InputData.InputManager.InputManager() Line 40   C#
> [Native to Managed Transition]
> [Managed to Native Transition]
> mscorlib.dll!System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceSlow(bool publicOnly, bool skipCheckThis, bool fillCache = true, ref System.Threading.StackCrawlMark stackMark)
> ...
> InputH.exe!InputH.CaptureControl.InitializeComponent() Line 1 C#
> ...

Environment (detailed)
The App class which inherits the System.Windows.Application class and constructs the InputManager object. The object is assigned to one or more user controls later on:
/// <summary>
/// Interaction logic for App.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class App : Application
{
    // Single instance / global / shared object
    public InputManager InputManager { get; private set; } = new InputManager();

    // Disposing of the object
    protected override void OnExit(ExitEventArgs e)
    {
        base.OnExit(e);
        InputManager.Dispose();
    }
}

The global InputManger instance is assigned to the user control in the Constructor of my MainWindow. It also assigns the shared single instance InputManager object to it:
/// <summary>
/// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        captureControl.InputManager = ((App)Application.Current).InputManager;
    }
}


text:
Miss Puerto Rico crowned Miss World 2016
Israel bans lawmakers from visiting Palestinian security prisoners
APGA will transform to national party in 2019 —- Oye
The National Chairman, All Progressive Grand Alliance (APGA), Dr. Victor Oye, said on Monday in Owerri that his leadership projection was to transform the party to a national party in 2019.
Oye said this during a stakeholders' summit organised by the Imo State chapter of the party.
He said that the party was working tirelessly to capture the governorship positions of the other South-East states of Imo, Abia, Enugu and Ebonyi and many other states across the country.
The APGA boss noted that in spite of the economic recession in the country, the people of Anambra state being governed by APGA were not feeling the impact of the bad economy.
"In Anambra State, workers are paid their salaries in full and with 15 per cent upward review; the Gross Domestic Product of the state is the highest and in agriculture, Anambra is blazing the trail.
"In this 2016 Christmas, every worker in Anambra will, in addition to his/her salary, go home with a 50kg bag of rice produced in the state and by 2017, Anambra will join the league of net exporters of rice.''
Oye who also spoke on the achievements of the APGA Executive Chairman in Gwagwalada Area Council of the FCT, said APGA manifesto was what Nigeria needed to develop.
He, however, charged the party members to be united and always support the activities and programmes of the party.
Oye said that the summit would be extended to other states to sensitize and educate the masses on the exploits of the party.
In a goodwill message, Gov. Willie Obiano of Anambra appealed to APGA members to shun acts capable of causing friction in the party, noting that APGA required love and unity to progress.
The governor urged the people of South-East to key into APGA vision to overcome economic recession.
Mr Peter Ezeobi, the Imo State chairman of APGA, explained in an address of welcome, that the summit was held to re-awaken the interest of members and prepare them for the 2019 general elections.
Ezeobi called on the party's supporters to enter the hinterland and preach the message of APGA, which according to him, is the leadership style in Anambra. (NAN)


text:
Biorbitella is een vliegengeslacht uit de familie van de halmvliegen (Chloropidae).

Soorten
B. frontoorbitalis (Sabrosky, 1940)
B. hesperia (Sabrosky, 1940)
B. pectoralis (Coquillett, 1898)
B. virgata (Coquillett, 1898)

Halmvliegen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
'We're all getting together now,' Paul said of Christie. | AP Photos
Did Paul joke about Christie's woes?
By LUCY MCCALMONT
01/30/2014 06:55 AM EST
Sen. Rand Paul insists there's no tension between him and Gov. Christie and has an interesting way of explaining why.
"Oh, no, we're all one big happy family now," Rand said Wednesday on Fox News's "Hannity," when asked about party divisions by host Sean Hannity, who referenced Paul's relationship with Christie.
"It is all under the bridge," Paul added.
"It's all under the bridge?" Hannity asked, laughing and acknowledging Paul's word choice as a possible reference to the "Bridgegate" scandal plaguing Christie.
( PHOTOS: Who's who in the Chris Christie bridge scandal?)
"We're all getting together now," Paul said.
"No pun intended?" Hannity asked.
Smiling, Paul continued and instead just repeated himself.
"We're all getting together now, we're going to be a big happy party I think," the senator said.
The two prominent Republicans have sparred in the past, taking shots at one another on various issues.


More Reasons to Blog Even If Your Target Audience Isn't Online - iPresence Digital Marketing, Inc.
Everybody is online everywhere. People use various social media platforms to create blogs and content marketing. The Internet is the most powerful tool that a businessman has. Blogging about your products or services is a good marketing investment. Investing in it is entirely free. You get to send your message across your target audience online and get constructive feedbacks from them to improve your business. Blogs do not just end with its readership. Your online audiences may also share the informative blogs that you create.
How about if your target audience is not online? Like the older generation who are composed of an audience above fifty years old. They may be more interested in gardening tools and materials which require them to see the actual pieces.
According to business management influencer, Peter Drucker, marketing should be used as a tool to sell a product by presenting it to its target market without changing its qualities and sell them as they are.
Below are the reasons why you should start blogging even if your target audience isn't online.
In an article by Jennifer Schiff entitled, "9 Digital Strategies to Woo Baby Boomers", she made mention that 79% of Baby Boomers aged 50 and above are actively using the internet. Bear in mind that this group of people will read your content marketing.
Not all Baby Boomers may be as techie as the younger generation. You may reach your target audience by carefully studying the body of your content marketing.
Your marketing strategy should be according to the product and services you are offering. You should be able to identify clearly the industry and the nature of the business you are in. By knowing all these, you will then have a specific target market.
Content marketing will always be dependent on its audience.
The lifestyle of every user will tell you how and where they spend most of their time searching online.
Some people love online shopping while there are those who are into buying e-books. Homebodies enjoy learning new dishes by watching online cooking lessons. We also have available English teachers online.
There are so many activities done over the internet.
Know the websites they visit. Identify the products that they like using. Get into the psychology of every internet user. These people are just waiting for someone to tap them.
Both the young and ageing audience of the various online platforms are interested in something.
Focusing on the different lifestyles of people instead will lead to researching on the buying habits of your customers and the kind of services your target audience would like to have.
Knowing your target audience is important but developing customer personas, on the other hand, will make a bigger impact in your business.
Creating customer personas will help you build the guide you will need to keep track of your target audience.
This template will make you learn about your current customers and the yet potential ones.
More than creating a content marketing plan, this will enable you to come up with custom messages and other products and the services that will suit the needs of your target audience. Your content marketing plan will typically be based on their consumer behavior and buying habits.
The cognitive dissonance theory will guide you in creating your template. Help your readers resolve their divided attention to the many products sold in the market. Help your target audience by writing a content marketing providing them with simpler information about your products and services – something that they will easily understand.
These customer personas are a guide for you to know what makes your target market's minds tick.
Customer surveys are a very helpful tool that helps you learn about the unique and universal identities of your target audience. Know your customers. Know their needs. Know the reason why they choose your products and services over others. Know what more would they want from the products and services that you are currently offering them. Get feedbacks, all the time.
The Internet is a huge universe of individual beings and ideas. Blogging is more than just getting the web traffic you need for your site from various search engines. Some blogs are popular while others are not. But then you should be asking yourself why you should blog without the aim of being popular?
Blog to be visible online. Blog to be known and to stand out from the rest of the other marketers who are in the same business as yours. Blog as if you are the only person from whom people could get the information about the best products and services online.
Use content marketing to attract your target audience. Giving your audience updated information about your products would make them want to come back for more. You get all the followers you want while effectively selling and marketing your products and services.
Create a noise and experience the best social media exposure. Be visible on all social media platforms, most especially the top ones, like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, LinkedIn and WordPress.
Doing this will make you want to interact with your audience subconsciously. It will also get you to tap even the rarest of your target market, or with just a passer-by on your site.
Now that you have learned about creating personas and customer surveys, you may now be able to create more accurate advertising campaigns fit for your target audience. These may be used on the top social media platforms like Facebook Ads and the Google AdWords.
Blogging is the most convenient and cost-efficient way of marketing your products and services. The bottom line here is that you should not be afraid to experiment.
Creating the best content marketing for your products and services may be time-consuming as you may focus more on managing your business. Let the marketing experts of iPresence Business Solutions handle your write-ups and be able to reach your target audience through content marketing in no time.


I'll reluctantly only excerpt Mr. Stephens' excellent editorial from the Wall Street Journal. (It is now on there free site, www.opinionjournal.com; articles there generally remain for seven days.) It really does deserve to be read in full.
Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas paid George Bush a friendly visit Thursday in the Oval Office. At the Rose Garden press conference that followed, Mr. Bush stressed Mr. Abbas's responsibility to "end terror attacks, dismantle terrorist infrastructure, maintain law and order and one day provide security for their own state." Mr. Abbas himself made no mention of the words "terrorism" or "terrorists." But he did demand the release of those he called "prisoners of freedom," now being held in Israeli jails.
Who are some of these prisoners? One is Ibrahim Ighnamat, a Hamas leader arrested last week by Israel in connection to his role in organizing a March 1997 suicide bombing at the Apropos cafe in Tel Aviv, which killed three and wounded 48. Another is Jamal Tirawi of the Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades: Mr. Tirawi had bullied a 14-year-old boy into becoming a suicide bomber by threatening to denounce him as a "collaborator," which in Palestinian society frequently amounts to a death sentence.
And then there is 21-year-old Wafa Samir al-Bis, who was detained in June after the explosives she was carrying failed to detonate at an Israeli checkpoint on the border with Gaza. As Ms. Bis later testified, her target was an Israeli hospital where she had previously been treated--as a humanitarian gesture--for burns suffered in a kitchen accident. "I wanted to kill 20, 50 Jews," she explained at a press conference after her arraignment.
What Stephens is pointing out here (correctly) is that these are not fringe members of Palestinian society. On the contrary, their release from prison is being demanded by Mahmoud Abbas, the so-called 'Palestinian President' and the most moderate face the Palestinians currently have in the West.
Demanding the release of these animals means, essentially, that the Palestinian Authority officially considers them unjustly imprisoned... and therefore condones their actions.
Would you trust such people with your safety? Think about it a minute.
Many explanations have been given to account for the almost matchless barbarism into which Palestinian society has descended in recent years. One is the effect of Israeli occupation and all that has, in recent years, gone with it: the checkpoints, the closures, the petty harassments, the targeted assassinations of terrorist leaders. I witnessed much of this personally when I lived in Israel, and there can be no discounting the embittering effect that a weeks-long, 18-hour daily military curfew has on the ordinary Palestinians living under it.
Yet the checkpoints and curfews are not gratuitous acts of unkindness by Israel, nor are they artifacts of occupation. On the contrary, in the years when Israel was in full control of the territories there were no checkpoints or curfews, and Palestinians could move freely (and find employment) throughout the country. It was only with the start of the peace process in 1993 and the creation of autonomous Palestinian areas under the control of the late Yasser Arafat that terrorism became a commonplace fact of Israeli life. And it was only then that the checkpoints went up and the clampdowns began in earnest.
In other words, while Palestinian actions go far to explain Israeli behavior, the reverse doesn't hold. How, then, are the Ighnamats, Tirawis and Bises of Palestinian society to be explained?
My own feeling is that the Palestinians long ago painted themselves into a corner, by building a society in which only violence is respected. Violence is the solution to nearly any Palestinian problem; violence is the only skill worth having among Palestinians today. The future many Palestinian parents want for their children, we are frequently told, is suicide. They can thank the late Yasser Arafat for this, with his endless maniacal calls for Jihad.
Matters were made worse by a total abandonment of any kind of personal or cultural responsibility. Palestinian economic problems are all Israel's fault, in spite of anything Israel does or can do to help. (Even today, a major sector of the Palestinian economy consists of jobs in Israel. What other country would keep its borders open to tens of thousands of foreign laborers, even in the face of unceasing and ever-more-brutal terrorist attacks?) Problems in any sector of Palestinian society are blamed on 'the occupation', even though Palestinians, during the years of full-fledged Israeli occupation (1967 - 1993), had a higher average standard of living than their neighbors in any Arab country -- a status that changed, for the worse, only when Arafat took over in 1993.
The result of all this is a Palestinian nightmare with no escape. No Palestinian leader can proclaim himself pro-peace, under any conditions, without being labelled a 'collaborator' (and thereby being marked for death). Violence, only violence, is seen as the answer... and if it doesn't get results, the answer is ever-increasing violence. If sending a woman to blow up the very hospital that treated her isn't barbaric enough, up the ante with a woman who hides a live grenade in her own baby's clothes.
What can be done? Frankly, not much. It's clear that conciliatory actions by Israel don't help; giving the Palestinians free reign over the entire Gaza Strip, asking for nothing in return, produced only more cries of Jihad and an increased tempo of terrorist attacks.
Conciliatory Palestinian actions would help tremendously; Israel has been waiting for almost forty years to have reasonable Palestinians to talk to. But as I've explained, the Palestinians themselves won't permit reasonable voices to be heard.
Israel could move in and crack heads, imposing a clean-slate political solution, much as the United States is currently doing in Iraq. But that wouldn't work either, for a variety of reasons. The majority of Iraqis were aching for freedom from Saddam, and were all too happy to vote in free elections each and every time such elections were held. But Palestinians have been fed a daily diet of hate for decades now. If a solution can be imposed upon them, it certainly won't be by Israel.
I hate to say it, but the only solution I can see -- other than a Palestinian civil war, bloody enough to make anything (even peace with Israel) attractive by comparison -- is an imposed solution from without. That would have to be from somebody that has earned Israeli respect, and has the muscle to get Palestinian attention as well. I can only think of one source for such a solution, and that's the United States. But wih President Bush sounding as conciliatory as he is -- toward the terror leader that is Abbas -- even that avenue doesn't look very promising.
Sometimes there is no good solution. I hope to God that a solution exists here, and that someone smarter than me will find it and make it happen... because I don't see any answers here.
UPDATE: Rick Richman of Jewish Current Issues writes about the Bush-Abbas meetings, and sees them more optimistically than I do. As he explains, the much-vaunted 'Road Map' has three phases: Phase I (including, among other things, dismantling Palestinian terrorist organizations and infrastructure); Phase II (including a Palestinian state with 'provisional' borders); and Phase III (final status negotiations). Abbas enthusiastically explains that he's ready to start Phase III at any time, athough he hasn't met (or even attempted to meet) any of his Phase I commitments.
Bush, on the other hand, continues to use the language of Phase I: terrorist organizations must be dismantled before any further progress can be made. Put that way, it does sound like good news: Abbas is selling, but Bush isn't buying. I hope that's correct.
UPDATE II: More positive commentary from Anne at Boker Tov, Boulder! Granted, she's citing Debkafile, which is not always reliable. But it rings true... and I, for one, would love to believe that it's true. Check it out and see what you think.