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Q: Measure function time automatically I have over 500 JavaScript functions that run client side. I want to measure the execution time and relative frequency of each function on the clients and send statistics to a server in order to find out what functions need to be optimized first.
All functions are a part of global objects (if it helps).
How can I make automatic measurements? I need one global function that will watch over all other functions and measure them. Is this possible?

A: Something like this should do the trick (haven't tested it)
var profiler = (function(win){
   var collector = {},
       wrap = function(fn, name) {
          var report = {calls: 0, times: []}; //create new report obj
          collector[name] = report; //save it to collector
          return function() {
             var start, end, out;
             report.calls++; //number of calls
             start = performance.now();
             out = fn.apply(this, arguments);
             end = performance.now();
             report.times.push(end - start); //time statistics
             return out;
          };
       };

   win.addEventListener('unload', function(){/*send collector here*/});

   return function() {
       [].forEach.call(arguments, function(holder, i) { //iterate over all namespaces
           Object.keys(holder).forEach(function(key){ //iterate over every member
              var fn = holder[key];
              if(typeof fn === 'function') {
                  holder[key] = wrap(fn, i + '_' + key); //replace member
              }
           });
       });
   };

}(window));

Usage
profiler(namespace1, namespace2 ...);

A: This should work (click here for JSFiddle):
function testFunc(test) {
    for(var i=0;i<100000000;i++) { i = i+test; }
    };

function testFunc2(test) {
    for(var i=0;i<100000000;i++) { i = i+test; }
    };

var getPerfResults = (function(){
    var timeRecords = {}, xTr = 0, name;
    var setPerfRecords = function(oFn, fnIdentity) {
        timeRecords[fnIdentity] = [];
        return function(){
            var xTime = performance.now();
            var xResult = oFn.apply(this, arguments);
            xTime = performance.now()-xTime;
            timeRecords[fnIdentity].push(xTime);
            return xResult;
            };
        };
    for (name in window) {
        try { window[name]; // Security exception may occur here
        if (typeof window[name] === 'function')
            window[name] = setPerfRecords(window[name], name);
            }
        catch(err) { }
        }
    return function() {
        var resultObj = {}, n, i;
        for(i in timeRecords) {
            if(timeRecords.hasOwnProperty(i)
             && timeRecords[i].length > 0) {
                resultObj[i] = 0;
                for(n=0;n<timeRecords[i].length;n++) {
                    resultObj[i] = resultObj[i]+timeRecords[i][n];
                    }
                resultObj[i] = resultObj[i]/timeRecords[i].length;
                }
            }
        return resultObj;
        };
    }());

testFunc(1);
testFunc(10);
testFunc(100);
testFunc(1000);
testFunc(10000);
testFunc2(0);

document.body.innerHTML = JSON.stringify(getPerfResults());

A: Based on @Yury Tarabanko (that didn't work for me, but gave me an inspiration), here is what I got:
//Global Object where perfomance reuslts will be stored
perf = {};

Then, you need a function that wraps all other functions and tracks perfomance.
//Function that actually tracks the perfomance, wrapping all other functions
function trackPerfomance() {
    var name, fn;
    for (name in jNTRender) { //jNTRender - is the namespace that I was analysing. Use yours or window
        fn = jNTRender[name];
        if (typeof fn === 'function') {
            jNTRender[name] = (function(name, fn) {
                var args = arguments;
                return function() {
                    if (!perf[name]) perf[name] = {
                        timesCalled: 0,
                        timeTaken: 0,
                        averageTime: 0
                    }

                    var start = performance.now(),
                    out = fn.apply(this, arguments),
                    end = performance.now();
                    perf[name].timesCalled ++; //how many times function was called
                    perf[name].timeTaken += (end - start);  //time taken for execution
                    perf[name].averageTime = perf[name].timeTaken/perf[name].timesCalled; //average execution time
                    return out;

                }
            })(name, fn);
        }
    }
}

And you need to analyse results...
//Function that analyzes results - jQuery used for simplicity
function analyzePerfomance(){

    functionsAverageTime = [];

    $.each(jNTPerfomance, function(functionName, functionPerfomance){
        functionsAverageTime.push([functionName, functionPerfomance.averageTime]);
    });

    functionsAverageTime.sort(function(a, b) { return b[1]-a[1] });

    console.log('Slowest in average functions, msec');
    $.each(functionsAverageTime, function(index, value){
        console.log(index+1, value[0], value[1]);
    });

    functionsTimesCalled = [];
    $.each(jNTPerfomance, function(functionName, functionPerfomance){
        functionsTimesCalled.push([functionName, functionPerfomance.timesCalled]);
    });

    console.log('Most used functions, times');
    $.each(functionsTimesCalled, function(index, value){
        console.log(index+1, value[0], value[1]);
    });

    functionsTotalTimeSpent = [];
    totalTime = 0;
    $.each(jNTPerfomance, function(functionName, functionPerfomance){
        totalTime += functionPerfomance.timeTaken;
    });

    $.each(jNTPerfomance, function(functionName, functionPerfomance){
        functionsTotalTimeSpent.push([functionName, functionPerfomance.timeTaken, 100*functionPerfomance.timeTaken/totalTime]);
    });

    functionsTotalTimeSpent.sort(function(a, b) { return b[1]-a[1] });

    console.log('Time taken by functions, msec, % of total time taken');
    $.each(functionsTotalTimeSpent, function(index, value){
        console.log(index+1, value[0], Math.round(value[1]), value[2].toFixed(2) + '%');
    });

}

Run the tracker from console.
trackPerfomance();

Wait for some time - minutes, hours...
And analize perfomance:
analyzePerfomance();

Here is what I get in console. Really usefull, easy to read. And of cource it's possible to send perf object via ajax to server.


text:
NCB Learning
Welcome to the New Bar & Restaurant
We've updated Nightclub.com. Read the details here
Around the Nightlife Scene
by Mary-Kate Dunphy |
10 of the Hottest Nightclubs in Seattle
Going out tonight? In the mood to party and dance to good music with your friends? Live it up tonight and check out the 10 hottest nightclubs in Seattle! 1. Q Nightclub About Q Nightclub: "Q is a state-of-the-art, 12,500 sq. ft. multilevel lounge and nightclub located in Seattle's vibrant Capitol Hill neighborhood that sets a new standard for excellence by returning to the fundamentals of what makes a nightclub experience great. MORE>>
Nightlife Notes: Blackstone's Nite Owl Now Open
The Blackstone district's newest bar opened its doors Wednesday. Noah Mock, formerly a bartender at J. Coco, started the bar and restaurant with his wife, Katie Timperley Mock. Nite Owl features a craft cocktail menu including classics and original numbers with unexpected ingredients like malted milk and rice wine vinegar. MORE>>
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On a Friday night in late October, it's a scene outside downtown's Belasco Theater. Women wearing studded leather harnesses chatter about who is and is not on the list. Security guards organize the fashionable crowd into VIP and general-admission lines as a 6-foot tall drag queen acts as gatekeeper. MORE>>
Where's the party at? These are the Universities with the Best Nightlife
Sure the most important consideration when you choose a university is the establishment's academic record. Of course it is *wink* Now stop laughing and read the actual factor you really care about: which universities have the best nightlife. According to a poll of more than 12,500 students by consumer group Which?, this is the lush league table of fun times…MORE>>
Diamond Horseshoe Reopens in the Paramount Hotel, Torched-Rosemary Cocktails and All
What's old is new again with this week's reopening of Diamond Horseshoe, 75 years and a $20 million restoration after the long-standing "gayest frolic on Broadway" first debuted in what is now the basement of the Paramount Hotel. The opening show, called Queen of the Night, is here for six weeks only, and departs from the original's vaudevillian feats of greatness and glamorous showgirls full of shimmy. MORE>>
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Already settled into an unassuming, make-it-your-home-away-from-home kind of space in Shaw, All Souls is the kind of neighborhood bar every neighborhood wishes they had. They've pared everything down to a manageable size, from the number of seats available (30) to the number of drinks on the menu (limited but with no duds). You can nosh on nuts and a few other snacks that won't distract from your drinking, or you can bring your own food when you need something more substantial. There's a jukebox to feed if you feel so inclined. MORE>>
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The New Night Out: Eatertainment, Drink & Be Merry
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Mary-Kate Dunphy
Content and Conference Coordinator

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Essays Solution to Case Study "...
Solution to Case Study " Levis Strauss Goes Global"
Topics: Levi Strauss & Co., Organizational studies, Organization Pages: 3 (658 words) Published: December 8, 2009
Solution to the
Case Study: "Levi Strauss's Goes Global"
Book: Organizational Theory, Design, and Change
Gareth R. Jones
Discussion Question 1 and 2
1. How does Levi Strauss take advantage of the global environment? 2. What structure does Levi Strauss use to implement its strategy?
This case demonstrates how a company can pursue a transnational strategy and which organizational structure supports this strategy. "Levi Strauss", the company under discussion has located its production facilities around the world, where ever it costs them the cheapest to produce and customizes its products to local tastes for higher responsiveness. Foreign subsidiaries are responsible for marketing and distributing in the local area. The company also transfers information and knowledge abroad. To implement its strategy, Levi's employs a network structure. Design, production and ethical standards are set in the U.S. and foreign partners produce and distribute products as per the local taste.
Ans 1.Since Levis is considered a status symbol and commands a premium from European and Asian consumers, where in the U.S. its status has been eroded by the competitors like Calvin Klein and Ralph Lauren, it motivates Levis to sell its products in the global market. Multinational organizations like Levis have to implement international strategies to deal with the demand of both external flexibility and internal efficiency (Wasilewski & Nikolai,2001) Levis also has to customize its offering as per local taste as different markets have varied needs in terms of size, color etc i.e. achieve national responsiveness and also has to take advantage of low cost raw material, production facilities where ever they are available i.e. global integration. Out of different international strategies like multi-domestic, multi-focal, global, transnational etc A transnational strategy seeks to achieve high levels of both national responsiveness and global integration...
Bibliography: 1. Transnational Marketing Strategies : Performance and Limitations - Article by Wasilewski & Nikolai, Global competitiveness,2001
2. Organizational Behavior - Book by Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge,2007
Case Study Levi Strauss Essay
...CASE STUDY 1 LEVI STRAUSS & COMPANY The question we are asked in this case study is whether or not we would buy shares of stock in Levi Strauss knowing that its managers are willing to trade off some economic efficiency to operate according to their collective view of what is "ethical". On the surface, it appears that Levi Strauss & Co. upholds the highest ethical standards. However, what is ethical to some may not necessarily be ethical to others. Like any business, Levi Strauss strives to position themselves well in the minds of stakeholders and they have maintained their good name and position in the market. "The company's approach to ethical management is as familiar to business leaders as its jeans are to teenagers" (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2012, p. [Page 69]). Levi Strauss unmistakably has a distinct company culture in that they provide strong guidelines for how their employees should act. Their company values include empathy, originality, integrity and courage. These values direct how employees are to be treated and how they are expected to treat others. Empathy means to have compassion, originality means to make every effort to be innovative and unique, integrity means to have strong moral principles, and courage means to be brave and stand for what...
Levi Strauss Essay
...Swot analysis Done by: Odia Dinnall ID: 0602887 Analysis using Porter's five forces model Barriers to Entry On analyzing the case we will seek to look at two relevant barriers to entry; namely, product differentiation and economies of scale. The economy of scale refers to the decline per unit in product cost as the volume of production increases. Levi's could have exploited opportunities to outsource their production facilities where labour is cheaper, in order to mass produce and have a cost advantages. Volumes of jeans have been produced in this market because other labels such as Arizona Jeans have exploited the opportunity. If they exploit the opportunity it means that they could produce for less and sell at a higher cost to their profitability. The Levi's brand has product differentiation because there is a history of brand loyalty; the product carries enough clout to justify a reasonable price premium. They had embarked on a project to create a niche market to attract higher income customers who were willing to pay a premium for a perfect fit. In this case the threat would be brand loyalty because there are a lot of producers of jeans. Threat of Rivalry Threat of rivalry includes all distributors and stores that sell jeans. Example of stores is the likes of JC Penny stores who were once a business alliance, they have sought out cheaper alternatives such as the Arizona brand of jeans and have...
Case Study Levi Strauss Co 127681 Research Paper
...Case Study: Levi Strauss & Co. Intimate insight into consumer behaviour and the ability to proactively drive customer retention is the dream of every marketer. Buying into a well-developed, tailor-made and marketing-biased application that forms the backbone of an award-winning CRM programme is like finding the Holy Grail. This was the case when Levi Strauss SA (LSSA) chose Eureka to provide them with a holistic and comprehensive view of their consumers' behaviour, their preferred communication channels and their response to brand campaigns. Eureka serves as the back-end structure of Levi Strauss South Africa's Relationship Marketing programme, the Levi's® Loop. This marriage of a superior application and a well-conceptualised CRM programme proved to be so successful that Levi's® CRM agency – Oscar Tango won a Gold Loerie Award in the category, Experiential: Strategic CRM Programmes for the Levi's® Loop in 2006. "The Loerie endorses Eureka as a highly successful Relationship Marketing system. Among other things Eureka enables LSSA to code automated communication messages to ensure that the consumer receives a seamless consumer experience; all based on their own personal journey with the Levi's® Loop programme. These functionalities allow Levi Strauss SA to communicate with their members through a variety of channels,...
Levi Strauss Case Study Essay
...Introduction: This paper deals with the marketing strategies for the Levis Strauss brands to become the top brand in the world in various kinds of jeans and other apparels. Levis Strauss is having the 75% share in the GWG but allowed them to maintain in their own way. The GWG was also the first to produce pre-washed jeans and had a good position in the market. GWG and Levis Strauss Canada were concentrated on the high class people and not much concentrated on the retail market with this one the new firms enters in to the market and the production rate of the GWG and Levis Strauss has declined. Company Background Levi Strauss was founded in 1853 first and foremost selling dry goods in the wholesale clothing market. The company was founded in San Francisco, California. Davis and Strauss purchased the patent of the idea of using copper rivets in clothing on May 20, 1873. Levi Strauss put concentrate on its two brands (Levi's and Dockers) because the brand was originally licensed to Jack Spratt. Jack Spratt is a small jeans manufacture based in Montreal. The GWG (Great Western Garment Company) founded in Edmonton, Alberta in 1911, becoming the first jeans brand company in Canada. GWG has always been an integral part of the Canadian heritage. The brand...
Levis Case Study Essay
...Page 1: Introduction Levi's is the best known jeans name on the planet. The business was founded by the Strauss family in 1875 and produced jeans for miners out of tent fabric and canvas. It then went on to make jeans from denim which is a coarse, heavy twill fabric. The jeans became popular with miners during the California goldrush and were famous for the twin rivets on the pockets. The business went from strength to strength to become one of the twentieth century's best known global brands. During the 1980s the company branched out into a range of garments including suits, before refocusing on one of its heritage products Levi 501s in the early 1990s. A TV commercial showing Nick Kamen stripping down to his boxer shorts in a launderette boosted the sales of all jeans, not just of Levi 501s and thousands of men switched to wearing boxer shorts. The Levi Company has always had a reputation for innovation, bright ideas, excitement and enthusiasm. However, it has not always been so successful in maintaining the detailed processes necessary to ensure continued product success - hence the need for effective brand management. Brand management involves having the technical skills to create a successful brand management plan, as well as good ideas. Page 2: Weaknesses in the late 1990s By the late 1990s it was all too apparent that the brand was slipping and needed to be put back on track. Since the...
Essay about Aqualisa Case Study solution
...Aqualisa from its competitors. The CEO of Aqualisa should simply lower expectations. High prices prevent sales of increasing. If company would prefer to stay in the premium level, the company won't be able to fight with competitors. But in other case, if Aqualisa decides to decrease price level, the product would have great chances on the market within it's easy installation; the Aqualisa's Quartz shower would be attractive to the "Do it yourselfers". This strategy will not be targeted directly to developers, because the price expectations for showers are more flexible at the developers' market. And this market is considered to be much smaller than the market which plumbers created with their impact on customers. In fact, it is not effective to create another new options and additional features which some "high-qualified exclusive brands" already sell with relatively high price. It is not profitable. Aqualisa's CEO considers that targeting consumers directly will cost him a lot of money that he cannot afford to spend. It would cost 3-4 millions of pounds over two years to buy a large-scale consumer campaign, and it is not profitable, too. To my mind not only customers should know everything about the product that they use (in this case it's Aqualisa's Quartz showers) but also plumbers, too. And customers should also be independent of plumbers' opinion and influence that would make them buy another showers because of not being aware of...
...Levi Strauss at Home and Abroad As one attempts to assess the business ethics of Levi Strauss and Nike in this writing assignment, we are again compelled to revisit the critical distinction of conduct that is legal, yet still unethical. In both instances, Levi Strauss and Nike behaved with the parameters of legal conduct, yet few would argue that profiting from exploitive work conditions is an ethical behavior of any socially responsible organization (broad view social responsibility). Obviously, it's very tempting to just condense this argument to the point of "bad companies boosting profits from lower labor costs via exploiting foreign workers in sweatshops". I am going to take a much broader approach here in my assessment, as complete fairness to the two corporations here requires a bit of an indictment of the legal, regulatory, political, and socioeconomic environment that they operate in. So, let's start there … how is it that both of these large corporations are permitted (and driven) to outsource (with relative impunity) labor to countries with poor labor laws? In order to fairly assess their conduct, one must first examine the system under which they operate. How has corporate America gone down this path? Why do so many large U.S. corporations outsource labor en masse, which costs the U.S. economy so many jobs domestically? Let's start by looking in the mirror - and by that I...
Levis Strauss Essay
...Summary: Levi Strauss & Co is a Global Denim company that has been operating for over 100 years. During the period of 1990-98 they suffered an incredible loss of market share to its competitors. Levi's failed to change their marketing and advertising strategies to compensate for this change. Alternative choices to Denim as well contributed to this loss. By 2008 Levi's had decided to re-launch their original jean the 501 on a global scale. They created one fit that will be sold in over 110 different countries. Levi's attempted to portray the rebel filled spirit of their jeans in a relevant and contemporary way. They used tactics that involved the use of TV ads, digital campaigns (internet), Print ads, viral videos and in-store promotions. Some of these tactics proved to be more effective than others in creating brand awareness and eventually sales. However with a global campaign results do not always happen as quickly as they would with smaller campaigns which Levi's discovered with this Campaign. Levi Strauss & Co Advertising campaign Levi's 501 'Live Unbuttoned' Levi Strauss & Co was founded in 1853 when Levi Strauss came from Buttenheim, Franconia to San Francisco, U.S.A. to open a dry goods store. It was here he saw the need for stronger workwear. He started creating overalls made from what is...
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As was to be somewhat expected, it appears most cryptocurrency markets have turned bearish once again. Albeit most losses have been kept to a bare minimum in most cases, some projects are bleeding value all over the place. The XRP price, for example, is losing more ground to Ethereum and Bitcoin alike. An interesting shift in market cap rankings looms ahead.
Despite some positive Bitcoin momentum earlier in the week, it quickly became apparent XRP would not be following suit after all. Although this is somewhat surprising, it is not entirely unexpected either at this stage. There is a genuine disconnect between Bitcoin and XRP, which is what most people have asked for in recent months. Unfortunately for them, it has become apparent this would result in even more negative pressure.
Over the past 24 hours, there has been another 2.6% drop for XRP in both USD and BTC value. This latter trend is a logical continuation of momentum building yesterday afternoon. However, the USD loss brings the XRP price down to the $0.303 level again. As such, it would appear a dip below $0.3 is very likely over the coming hours. That would also allow Ethereum to reclaim the second spot in market cap rankings without too many problems.
On social media, there are always some interesting developments and discussions pertaining to XRP. Although the overall market trend isn't exactly promising in the slightest, it would appear there is still some focus on the price regardless. Inter X is keeping a close eye on things, although claiming RIpple and XRP are the exact same – even in 2019 – is still rather worrisome in its own regard.
MooniaK BougeTonBull raises quite an interesting point when it comes to the current value of XRP. If there is indeed a scheme to get retail investors out in quick succession, lowering the current price isn't necessarily the best way to go about things either. Instead, pushing the price to a level which would be unappealing to retail investors is a better option, but it has proven difficult to do so.
I think if those who want to control XRP want to get rid of retail investors, they will get better results by setting the price at $50 rather than lowering it to $0.15.
For other users, it is evident there will be some time until XRP hits the $3 level once again. Considering how the current momentum is slowly pushing the value down to $0.3 once again, it would appear not much is happening right now. Even so, there is a good chance this value will improve over the coming weeks and months, albeit it will not happen in spectacular fashion.
#XRP. I brought in when it was around 3 usd, and then sold shortly thereafter. After investing into several cryptos through trial and error, I'm fully invested in #XRP. I just saw the light.
All of the current market circumstances appear quite bearish for XRP, which is not entirely unexpected. There is a good chance this may be a temporary dip, although that will mainly depend on what traders want to achieve moving forward. Since XRP isn't that closely correlated to Bitcoin when it comes to an uptrend, no help should be expected from that direction.


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Cushman F, Sheketoff R, Wharton S, Carey S. The development of intent-based moral judgment. Cognition. 2013;127 (1) :6.
Banaji MR, Greenwald AG. Blindspot: Hidden biases of good people. New York, NY: Random House; 2013.
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In my piece, for example, I claimed that high social rank has substantial instrumental value, observing that the highest-ranking members of society "know they will be able to send their children to the best schools and have access to the best health care. Low-ranking members enjoy no such confidence." David disagrees, saying that this passage demonstrates my failure "to distinguish between absolute and relative values": "Getting good health care," he writes, "is very important to me, but its value does not depend, so far as I can judge by introspection, on other people having worse health care."
But that fact has absolutely no bearing on my claim that persons of high social rank have greater access to the best health care. Resources are finite.
Finite but not fixed. Health care is a produced resource.
There is not a fixed number of skilled practitioners or good hospitals; the richer the society is, the more of both it can support. If everyone else's real income doubles and mine increases only fifty percent, that means that the total supply of goods and services has gone up--roughly doubled. There is no particular reason why that shouldn't include the supply of medical services, permitting everyone else to consume twice the medical services he consumed before and me to consume fifty percent more than I consumed before.
If everybody gets richer, the quality of schools can increase everywhere. You are again confusing absolute and relative. The richer people will still, on average, have better schools--but the "worse" schools can be producing education as good as, or better than, the best schools used to produce.
He goes on to suggest that my argument implies that "the rich ought to be in favor of grinding down the poor…" These remarks betray a curiously dark conception of human nature.
It was your conception, not mine, whose implications I was pointing out. You are the one who argues that people worse off than I am make me happy (and, in the current version of your argument, materially better off) and people better off than I am make me unhappy (and materially worse off).
All available evidence suggests that positional concerns are extremely local in nature. As Bertrand Russell once put it, beggars don't envy millionaires, they envy other beggars who are doing a little better.
You are restating, in a stronger form, a point I already made in the post you are responding to. The problem with the observation that status externalities are local is not that it isn't true but that it destroys the conclusion you were arguing for in your op-ed—your justification for government income redistribution. The middle class suburbanite doesn't receive a positive status externality from the poor welfare recipient in the inner city or confer a negative status externality on him, for just the reason that you and Russell point out. So your status argument provides no justification for taxing the suburbanite to benefit the welfare recipient. Following through on the logic of your argument while taking account of the local nature of positional concerns, you ought to be arguing for transfers from the working poor to their welfare neighbors, from wealthy suburban physicians to their less wealthy suburban professor neighbors, but not from the middle class suburbanite to the (much poorer) urban poor.
The local nature of status comparisons also undercuts your argument in a more indirect way, because it implies that the proper way of accounting for them is through private markets on a local scale not through national politics. Insofar as the people I am comparing myself to are part of a voluntary association--for instance, my fellow workers in a firm--the market will reward those at the bottom for the positive status externalities they confer on those at the top and charge those at the top for the status externalities they receive from those at the bottom. That, after all, was the point of your analysis of the effect on wage differentials of concern with status.
The effect is not limited to employment. Suppose I am an entrepreneur building a housing development. Some of the houses will be bigger and more expensive than others. Buyers of the more expensive houses are buying not only a bigger house but, along with it, the opportunity to feel superior to their neighbors—and will be willing to pay for it. Buyers of the smaller houses, on the other hand, are suffering the cost of having to look up to the neighbors; in order to sell the smaller houses, the developer will have to compensate them for that cost in lower prices. Just as in your analysis of intrafirm wage differentials, where status externalities exist, the market automatically includes them in its calcalation of costs and benefits and hence in prices.
As in many other cases, the market does an imperfect job of capturing externalities—in this case because not all of the local interactions occur in the context of voluntary associations of the sort I describe. But it does provide a mechanism for measuring them and an incentive to compensate for them at the level at which, as you have just pointed out, they actually occur—locally. The political mechanism provides nothing comparable.
If we adopt a Darwinian perspective on the forces that shaped human motivation, this is as we would expect, because similarly-situated others are the rivals that really matter in the struggle for survival. The non-poor simply have no reason to view the poor as rivals. They don't compete for the same jobs, the same mates, or houses in the same school districts.
The critical one of these, in my view, is mate competition—that is what explains the human concern for status. Available mates really are a fixed resource, and competition for them is central to reproductive success, which is what evolution "as if designs" us for.
Because the local comparisons that matter most for the non-poor would be largely unaffected by anti-poverty programs, it makes no sense to say that positional concerns provide a motive for opposing those programs.
And therefor it makes no sense to say that positional concerns provide a justification for income redistribution at the national level—the claim you were making in the op-ed to which I responded. I was pointing out the implications of your argument, not agreeing with it and them.
Nor are positional concerns the only ones that motivate people. With the exception of sociopaths, people typically experience displeasure from the knowledge that others are in distress. Such feelings predict support for anti-poverty programs. Or perhaps the simple fact that life is unpredictable leads many to favor a generous social safety net as a hedge against the possibility that they themselves might become poor some day. In short, the fact that many voters favor anti-poverty programs does not mean they don't value favored positions in the social hierarchy.
If status comparison occurred at the national level, which is what the argument for national income redistribution that you were making required, that would tend to make rich people opposed to lifting the poor out of poverty. Other factors working in the other direction might, of course, outweigh that one. So the observed politics of income redistribution do not prove that the argument you were making was wrong—I was indulging in hyperbole—they are merely evidence that it is wrong.
Perhaps more important, my point implies that your argument, true or false, has perverse implications. The more people believe it, the more they will see benefits to other people as costs to them. That does not mean that your argument is wrong, but it might be a reason not to publish it as an op-ed in the New York Times.
… If societies could form and dissolve as readily as private work groups can, an implicit market for social rank would emerge like the one we see in the labor market. Someone who didn't want to be a net contributor under a society's progressive tax scheme could simply persuade more productive others to form a new society in which he would have low social rank and be a net recipient transfer payments.
This would be a convincing argument if status comparisons were not local--but, as we both agree, they are. Hence they occur at a level at which groupings can and do form and dissolve. The more important such comparisons are, the greater the incentive to put them within such groupings, as in my example of the housing development. We do not need redistribution at a national level, which is what you were arguing for, because status comparisons don't occur at a national level.
High social rank, as noted, has substantial instrumental value, and low social rank entails substantial concrete costs, irrespective of whether people care about rank per se.
That is your claim, but you have not supported it. Go back to the case of medical services. It is absolute level, not relative level, that determines access—because the supply of medical services is not fixed, any more than the supply of other goods and services. If we all get richer, we can all have more medical services.
This part of your argument hinges on the confusion, early in your response, between "finite" and "fixed." Similarly for schooling, insofar as it produces education—being better educated is a benefit for me that does not depend on how well educated you are. Either it makes me more productive, and so gives me more money with which to buy stuff, or it makes me better able to live my life, appreciate literature, make choices, which again does not depend on how well educated I am relative to you.
The one place where the claim that relative status has instrumental value has real force is in competition for mates. But that's because mates are a fixed resource—a fact which a sufficiently sophisticated calculation of changes in real income would take account of. If my money income goes up by five percent, everyone else's money income doubles, and market prices stay the same, my real income may have actually fallen—because one of the prices not included in the price index is the price of obtaining a mate, and that has been bid up the increased income of my competitors.
Beyond that, your argument depends—as was clear when you first made it many years ago—on individual taste for status. From the standpoint of economics, that is merely an observed fact about utility functions. From the standpoint of evolutionary biology, it's an implication of competition for mates.
One final point. There are indeed some positive externalities to low incomes and negatives externalities to high income, due both to the fact that people care about status and the fact that in some circumstances, although many fewer than you argue, relative status affects absolute access to resources.
But there are also negative externalities from low incomes and positive externalities from high incomes. Consider again the case of medicine. The cost of drugs is in large part the fixed cost of developing them. The more rich people there are who can afford cutting edge drugs, the lower their per unit cost and the wider the range of drugs available. Similarly for cutting edge surgical procedures and any other good where a substantial part of what is being produced is information. There is no reason in economic theory, and you offer no reason, to think that the net externalities run in the direction your argument requires—that making one person richer on net lowers the welfare of others. For all we know it raises it—in which case the consistent application of your arguments would require you to support redistribution from poor to rich.
I know better than to expect this argument to change many libertarian minds. Those who react at all are more likely to follow David's strategy of searching out flaws in my argument. If you find some, I'd be grateful to hear from you.
I knew this would come down to disagreement over the appropriate temporal and spatial horizons for comparisions.
Unless I misunderstand him, Prof. Friedman takes the view that any choice of such horizons should be made to maximize aggregate wealth (or welfare). This tends, of course, to push out to larger and longer horizons.
But people don't live an infinite amount of time. Shouldn't we be concerned with the quality of life for individuals over horizons that reflect the average life span and social circle?
To make the point more concrete: does it matter to the person living below the poverty line in the Appalachians that the quality of public schools in the United States today is far superior to what was available in 10th Century Europe?
If we all get richer, we can all have more medical services.
That's a fairly glib thing to stick in their as part of your argument though.
At what point does healthcare access improve for the poorest members of society? The US still leads among preventable deaths and the US spends significantly more as a percentage of GDP than any of the "poorer"/comparable countries.
To be harsh on this: saying that things will get better as people get richer seems to be an outrageous cop out.
Yep, and even if such wealth increase means a productivity boost everywhere except medicine, it still frees resources to be redeployed to that area. ie. People have now more money to spend on health insurance. Unless supply of medicine is inelastic due e.g. to restrictions on medical schools.
Daveon, I read prof Frank as saying that due to resources being limited, wealth distribution determines how much health care you get, because any wage increases are absorbed by the producers since supply of medicine is fixed.
I think that's the point that prof Friedman was addressing in your out of context quote.
I've really learned something today.
You should have more of such debates on the blog.
'preventable ddeptths' is a leftist term. they're preeventable only at the cost of having somebody else pay for your health care, which has many costs. we in america choose not to pay those costs, which makes the deaths not preventable.
David Freidman makes the decisive point.
The market is a mechanism by which the relevance of positional factors in the productivity of the firm can be approximately measured. So that if what Frank says is quantitatively important it will be taken into account (more or less).
The political system, on the other hand, is incapable of measuring the positional effect as contrasted with rent-seeking and other "perverse" effects.
As far as I am concerned, the policy-relevance of Frank's theory falls to the ground because of these considerations alone.
I am rather surprised at all the mileage Professor Frank has gotten out of this very pedestrian idea. I guess there is always a market (so to speak) is redistributionist rationales.
The "preventable deaths" talking point comes from a study that only compared the number of deaths amenable to medicine in various countries. What they did not look at was the number of deaths attributable to medicine in each country. Given that we have on the order of 200,000 iatrogenic deaths annually in the US - deaths caused by too much medicine, it's not immediately obvious that providing more health care would on net save more lives.
Alex Tabarrok presents empirical evidence that Frank got the externality backwards.
Your claim is correct only with regard to the status output, not the schooling output. If you go to Harvard and I to Cornell, that may result in your winning out over me in our courtship of the woman both of us wish to marry.
Doubling the educational level of everybody in society may eventually lead to more economic activity and more good jobs, but not for years -- and even then, it won't double the number of good jobs available. In this sense, education's value to an individual is largely relative -- much more so than health care's, which as Frank has acknowledged is mostly absolute.
Do Greek Protesters Want a Default? Should They?


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sports News>
Everyone in BCCI asked Virat Kohli to stay on as T20I captain: Chief selector Chetan Sharma
India's chief selector Chetan Sharma on Friday said that Virat Kohli was told to carry on as T20I captain by everyone in the BCCI.
Contradicting Virat Kohli, India's chief selector Chetan Sharma on Friday said that the batting maestro was told to carry on as T20I captain by everyone in the BCCI.
"Everyone from selectors to (BCCI) office bearers, convenor of selection meeting and all present told Kohli to wait on T20 captaincy till World Cup got over," said Sharma.
"We were in the middle of the World Cup when Virat announced that he would give up the T20s captaincy. But all board members asked him to reconsider. That was not the time to tell him that if you leave one format you will be made to give up another," he added.
Also Read:Can Rohit Sharma steal Virat Kohli's brand thunder?
Days after Kohli quit T20I captaincy, BCCI president Sourav Ganguly said that the Board had asked the superstar batter to reconsider his decision.
Kohli had contradicted Ganguly's statement during his explosive press conference, saying he had no such communication with the Board's president and that he was informed about his removal as ODI skipper one and a half hour before the selection meeting for the South Africa series.
His statement came against the backdrop of the BCCI's announcement on December 8 that Rohit Sharma would replace Virat Kohli as captain in ODIs and T20Is going forward. Kohli said he had discussed his intention to continue as the ODI captain. "I had communicated my desire… unless office bearers, selectors don't feel likewise. My decision to leave T20I captaincy was taken well," he added.
Also Read: Why did Virat Kohli fail to see the writing on the wall?
(Edited by : Aditi Gautam)
T20 format


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Suspect arrested in Wheat Ridge ATM shooting, attempted robbery
Posted 4:14 pm, February 6, 2017, by Web Staff
WHEAT RIDGE, Colo. -- A man has been arrested in connection to an early-morning shooting and attempted robbery at an ATM last week, the Wheat Ridge Police Department said Monday.
Police arrested Markeith Burton-Fleming on Friday after a search warrant resulted in evidence linking him to the shooting and attempted robbery.
It happened at the Chase Bank ATM at West 38th Avenue and Wadsworth Boulevard about 5 a.m. on Wednesday, police said.
The man pointed a gun at the woman and tried to rob her before shooting her in the shoulder, police said. The man did not get any money before taking off on a bicycle, police said.
The woman, who had her 4-year-old in the backseat, drove herself to a hospital where she was treated for nonlife-threatening injuries.
Burton-Fleming faces charges of attempted first-degree murder and first-degree assault, police said.
Man sentenced to prison for home invasion robbery at motel, shooting of service dog
2 sentenced in Edgewater murder of 27-year-old picking up barbecue
2 convicted of murder in Edgewater shooting of 27-year-old picking up dinner
Arrest made in Lakewood shooting that left man dead, woman wounded
Denver women's prison guard arrested for pimping attempt
Man gets 45 years for kidnapping, robbing, sexually assaulting woman in JeffCo
Corrections officer arrested on suspicion of murder in July 4 death of Aurora man
Denver man in custody following incident at Vail Marriott
Suspect in deadly March LoDo shooting arrested in Oklahoma
Couple, daughter killed in shooting at southwest Denver home; suspect in custody
Bicyclist allegedly grabs woman, causes damage to vehicle in Wheat Ridge
Florida woman accused of attacking Burger King manager for not giving free fries


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Buddha Amoghasiddhi (who is green in color) is in the northern direction. This is the tathagata who symbolizes unobstructed success. He is the Buddha of the world of politicians, kings, and ambitious people – those who are perpetually jealous of other, who are competitive to a fault, and whose sole purpose in life is to wind up getting morel more wealth, more success, and more power. When you need to operate in this kind of unscrupulous world, call on this vivid green Buddha.
Amoghasiddhi's mudra signifies fearlessness and protection; his right hand is held with its palm facing outward in the "fear not" gesture, at the level of the Buddha's heart, with the fingers pointing skyward. This mudra is one of command and authority. His left hand is in the contemplation mudra. It is said that simply thinking of his image cuases your fears to vanish instantly. His green-colored body is also extremely soothing. The path of Amoghasiddhi is the path that overcomes fear. He is also the Buddha of action, so we can visualize him as the tathagata who inspires strong yang energy, who practices spontaneous bodhichitta and is completely compassionate. His element is wind (air), and his chakra is the base chakra.
Amogasiddhi represents the Dharma transforming envy and jealousy into all accomplishing wisdom. He is the head of the Karma family, and his symbol is the double or crossed vajra (thunderbolt, or diamond sceptre). The single vajra is the powerful thunderbolt that can cut through everything; the crossed vajra has all this intense power doubled.


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These Charts Could Spell Trouble for Bank Stocks
By Jordan Wathen – Updated Apr 12, 2019 at 5:43PM
NYSE: BAC
Loan losses are near historical lows, but how much longer can the good days continue?
When the largest U.S. banks -- Bank of America, Wells Fargo, and JPMorgan Chase -- reported fourth-quarter earnings, all of them had one thing in common: They had smaller reserves set aside for bad loans at the end of 2018 than at the end of 2017.
Having gutted their loan books of bad risks following the financial crisis, banks of all sizes have enjoyed a multiyear period in which very few loans have gone bad. That's allowed the industry to slowly walk down the amounts they set aside for problematic loans, boosting their earnings in the present. That trend could soon reverse course, weighing on profits as loan losses tick up and provisions take a bite out of bank earnings.
Check out the latest JPMorgan, Wells Fargo and BofA earnings call transcripts.
Interest rates could soon take a back seat to loan losses. Image source: Getty Images.
Big banks are setting aside less for bad loans
Banks set aside money for loan losses by taking provisions every quarter. The provision on the income statement flows into the "allowance for loan losses" on the balance sheet. When a bank incurs a bad loan, the resulting losses are charged against the allowance.
Think of this as a bathtub. Provisions are the faucet. Allowances for loan losses are the water in the tub. Net charge-offs are the drain. In recent years, the drain (loan losses) is taking more water from the tub (allowances) than the faucet (provisions) is adding to it. That's helping banks report higher profits, as their provisions aren't keeping pace with charge-offs.
Megabank
Allowance as a percentage of loans in Q4 2018
Bank of America (BAC)
Wells Fargo (WFC 0.70%)
JPMorgan Chase (JPM -0.38%)
Data source: Company filings.
At the margin, lower allowances for loan losses have been a boon to bank stocks because they are relying on past provisions to cover current losses. Across the industry, allowances have declined to near-historical lows, falling to 1.22% of all loans outstanding in the third quarter of 2018, the last quarter for which data is available from the Federal Reserve.
Data source: Fed FRED. Chart by author.
Credit costs seem certain to rise from here
I'm not here to argue that bank loan books are toxic. If anything, banks have become boring. Gone are the days of high-risk mortgages, never-ending home equity loans, and credit cards for anyone with a pulse. Loans to commercial businesses are about as safe as they have ever been, too.
But the good days for the banking industry are unlikely to continue indefinitely. We're in an almost unprecedented period of prosperity for the banking industry, as the industry has charged off about 0.45% of loans in every year since 2015.
You don't need to forecast a truly dismal economic outlook for credit costs to rise. Even the most minor of economic recessions would be enough to send loan losses rising. Note that during the "forgotten" recession of the early 2000s, net charge-offs doubled from years earlier.
Reversion to the mean
At some point, credit performance will change for the worse. Unemployment will rise, business investment will slow, and loan losses will tick up again. At that point, banks will have to provision more, not less, than they're charging off each quarter to build up reserves against losses. This shift from shrinking allowances to increasing allowances will weigh on the earnings power of the industry.
For what it's worth, Bank of America has recently seen net charge-offs tally to about 0.4% of its loan book, though its CEO, Brian Moynihan, has indicated that he thinks a "normalized" loss rate throughout a full cycle should be around 0.9% of loans at his institution. Bank of America, by that measure, is doing far better today than Moynihan's view of its performance over a full economic cycle.
These small differences are not trivial. Given that a "good enough" result for the banking industry is a pre-tax return on assets of 1.25%, there are no rounding errors in the banking industry. It's not a reason to dump your bank stocks, but you should understand that the industry's performance in 2018 was likely better than the average result you should expect over the next five years.
Jordan Wathen has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
$35.45 (%)
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Polynomial equations are important because they are useful in a wide variety of fields, including biology, economics, cryptography, chemistry, coding and advanced mathematical fields, such as numerical analysis, explains the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics at The University of Arizona. Engineers in different fields, such as control engineers, often use polynomial and differential equations to design products that must respond to different sets of stimuli from the user.
The branch of mathematics that deals with polynomials covers an enormous array of different equations and equation types. Polynomials that deal primarily with real numbers can be used in computer programming and developing ciphers for encoding messages.
When imaginary numbers and solutions are used with polynomial equations, they can be used to model more complex system behaviors and reactions. For example, the stability or instability of many systems can be determined through imaginary polynomial equations by engineers. They are also used in the pharmaceutical industry when determining scales of production and ensuring the correct amount of all chemical components make it into every dosage of medication.
Ultimately, polynomial equations are some of the best-equipped to model physical and real-world phenomena. These situations may vary on a case-by-case basis, but the utility of polynomial functions for modeling remains. When developed properly, polynomial modeling functions can be used to solve questions about complex biological and behavioral concepts.


Challah is a braided Jewish bread eaten on Sabbath and Jewish holidays. There are different braid patterns depending on number of strands used in braiding the bread. Because of Jewish dietary restriction, Challah is usually parve (containing neither dairy nor meat, important in the laws of Kashrut). Also, Challah for Jewish New Year is coiled instead of braided, sometimes referred as 'Turban Challah'.
How did my first challah turn out? The look was… weird, actually kinda ugly. I think I braided my challah too tight, didn't giving each strand space to breath and expand to form the nice round curves. Also, the oven temperature was too high. I had to trim off the burnt bottom of the bread. The crumbs? It's soft, but not as soft as I would like. Oh well, at least the family didn't mind and finished the loaf. I sure had fun braiding the bread though.
Add water to the bottom of bread maker loaf pan. Then sprinkle in flour ensuring covering all the liquid. Make an indent in the middle and add in yeast. Add sugar and salt in separate corners.
Select "Dough" course and press "Start". Check the dough when it is kneading: scrap down any dry flour, add 1 tbsp water if it's too dry. When the dough course completes, unplug the cord and let it sit inside the loaf pan for 8-10 hours. Do not open the lid. The sponge will eventually collapse and look bubbly and sticky after 8-10 hours.
Add all other dough ingredients to the sponge in the loaf pan. Select "Dough" course and press "Start". When the course completes, remove dough from loaf pan and place in a large bowl. Cover the bowl and rest in a warm place until the dough is almost double in size.
Transfer dough to a lightly floured work surface. Knead gently to push out the air, then divide into 6 portions. Roll each portion to a 16-inch thin log and start braiding. Please check out this wonderful 3-4-5-6-7-8-9 strand braiding video from The Bread Kitchen.
Place braided challah on a baking pan lined with parchment. Loosely cover the bread and place in a warm place until it almost double in size. Apply egg wash and bake in preheated 375°F oven for 40 minutes (if the top browns too quickly, tent the top with a piece of aluminum foil after 30 minutes). Remove from oven and cool completely on a rack.
Braiding the bread: I braided my challah too tight, so the pattern was not as obvious and kinda ugly. Next time I will braid a little loose so the curves will pop up after baking.
Oven temperature: I find 40 minutes/375°F is too high and too long for my challah. the top is very brown and the bottom is burnt ( I had to slice off the burnt bottom). So maybe 40 minutes/350°F on next trial will work out better?


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Operation Uphold Democracy
On September 30th, 1991 the first Haitian president to win via a popular vote by 67%, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, was overthrown by the Haitian military. Aristide was forced to leave the country by the dissatisfied army, and placed Joseph Nerette in his place. President Bill Clinton, after America demanded action, brought forth ultimatums to General Raoul Cédras. When those were ultimately refused, President Clinton mobilized a military forced under the name Operation Uphold Democracy. From September 19th, 1994 until March 31st, 1995 American troops fought to ensure that Haiti would no longer be controlled by a military power, but rather by the people. In the end America succeeded, where Aristide was able to return and officially give Haiti's citizens the power alongside of President Clinton. In honor of the achievement a monument was constructed to ensure that the event that had occurred within Haiti would be remembered throughout time, and the marker can currently be located on the Hurlburt Field military base.
A photo taken by Mark Hilton, November 17, 2016 describing the events of the operation.
A photo taken by Mark Hilton, November 17, 2016 which is at the military base, Hurlburt Field Memorial Air Park, where the monument is located
The nation of Haiti was familiar with the idea of being ran by those with militaristic ideals. Throughout its existence, no president or ruler had ever come to power through the vote of the majority, but rather each position was chosen by a dictator. For years such a cycle continued until 1990. During 1990 Jean- Bertrand Aristide managed to win the presidential election via a popular vote by 67%. For the first time in Haitian history the people's vote managed to determine the outcome of an election, however, shortly after in 1991, Aristide was banned from the country and Haiti's military took power once again.
Prior to the events regarding Aristide, American and Haitian relationships were questionable at best. Haiti, a land of slaves to the French, declared independence in the Haitian Revolution on January 1st, 1804. From 1791 to 1804 what was then the French colony of Saint-Domingue battled against their slave owners and declared themselves an independent country. The United States refused to acknowledge Haiti as anything more than French territory, however, the exact reasoning for this is debatable. Some speculate that it was due to fear of an economic trade route for the U.S. being lost, while others state that the United States which still supported slavery at the time didn't want to accept or couldn't understand how slaves could perform such a feat.
In 1915, the United States sent troops over in an invasion to Haiti. What the United States described as a peaceful act would eventually lead to the shaping and reforming of the Haitian government. Furthermore, the military that the U.S. would eventually establish in Haiti would become infamous for its reign over Haitian citizens and a lack of rights and freedoms granted to those that lived there. One such event would be the removal of the elected president Aristide and banning him from Haiti.
As news of the event spread regarding what had happened to Aristide, the American populace began demanding for president Bill Clinton to do something regarding the matter. Feeling as though Haiti had abused human rights and that something needed to be done regarding the issue, President Clinton began by bringing forth ultimatums for General Raoul Cédras regarding the return of Aristide and democratic rights for its citizens. Upon the refusal of each of these demands, America began a secret military mobilization under the codename Operation Uphold Democracy.
For six months, Operation Uphold Democracy consisted of a variety of positioning from air, sea, and land around southern Florida and Haiti. With each of these positions under control eventually America met Haiti by demanding that General Cédras silently retire while Aristide returns to power, or else America would mobilize forcing Haiti to surrender. With no other choice, Aristide returned to power, and the militaristic nation was eventually changed to become a democracy from the aid of both Aristide and Clinton.
Today in Florida one can see the monument dedicated to the events leading to the shift in Haiti's government. Honoring the events of Operation Uphold Democracy the monument is inscribed with details regarding the event. The monument ensures that throughout the ages the strength of the people won't soon be forgotten, and honors those that were involved within the conflict.
Crawford-Roberts, Ann. "A History of United States Policy Towards Haiti." Modern Latin America. Accessed October 10, 2018. https://library.brown.edu/create/modernlatinamerica/chapters/chapter-14-the-united-states-and-latin-america/moments-in-u-s-latin-american-relations/a-history-of-united-states-policy-towards-haiti/.
Friberg, John. "Operation Uphold Democracy - SF in Haiti (1994-1995)." NEWSREP. July 09, 2016. Accessed October 02, 2018. https://thenewsrep.com/58468/58468uphold-democracy/.
Hilton, Mark. "Operation Uphold Democracy Historical Marker." Historical Marker. February 13, 2018. Accessed October 02, 2018. https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=99778.
"Intervention in Haiti, 1994–1995." U.S. Department of State. Accessed October 02, 2018. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1993-2000/haiti.
Pike, John. "Military." Texas Revolution. Accessed October 02, 2018. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/uphold_democracy.htm.
A book by Aaron L. Wilkens describing Operation Uphold Democracy.
A book by David Bentley describing the events in Operation Uphold Democracy.
315 Independence Road
Hurlburt Field, Florida 32544
This entry has been edited 10 times.
Created by Kyle Fish (Instructed by Amanda Shaver, Marshall University) on October 2nd 2018, 12:29:08 am.
Last updated by Amanda Shaver on December 13th 2018, 6:31:15 pm.


Katie Moyer, a member of the Kentucky Industrial Hemp Commission, pulls hemp roots out of the ground Wednesday. She will use the roots to test an arthritis salve made out of hemp.
Posted: Wednesday, September 17, 2014 8:10 pm | Updated: 11:11 pm, Wed Sep 17, 2014.
It's been a little over three months since the county's first hemp crops in 50 years was quietly planted at Jeff Davis' farm in Pembroke and Rachel McCubbin's llama farm in northern Christian County.
The state's first pilot plots were planted in May in select locations throughout the state after the federal farm bill gave states that legalize industrial hemp permission to research the viability of industrial hemp.
Until then, growing hemp had been illegal under the federal Controlled Substances Act because it contains trace amounts of THC. THC is a hallucinogenic ingredient found in higher doses in the plant's more potent cousin marijuana.
When Italian seeds bound for Christian County and other pilot plots were held up in Louisville by the Drug Enforcement Agency, a brief legal battle between the DEA and the Kentucky Department of Agriculture ensued before the seeds were finally released. About half an acre was planted at each Christian County plot and since then, the plants have shot up, towering at least 10 feet high at Davis' farm.
Last week, Davis cut half his pilot plot down with a sickle mower to dry it out before harvest, and Wednesday, Moyer inspected the crop to prep for the harvest of its seed and fibers. McCubbin's plot wasn't as successful.
"More than 130 years ago they were using it, so if they could figure it out then we should be able to figure it out now," Moyer said.


Where did �modern� civilization begin? What lies beneath the waves? Do myths describe interstellar impact? How�d they lift that stone? Was the Ark of the Covenant a mechanical device? Were there survivors of an Atlantean catastrophe? Who really discovered the �New� World?
�Hidden history� continues to fascinate an ever wider audience. In this massive compendium, editor Preston Peet brings together an all-star cast of contributors to question established wisdom about the history of the world and its civilizations. Peet and anthology contributors guide us through exciting archeological adventures and treasure hunts, ancient mysteries, lost or rediscovered technologies, and assorted �Forteana,� using serious scientific studies and reports, scholarly research, and some plain old fringe material, as what is considered �fringe� today is often hard science tomorrow.
Contributors include: Graham Hancock (Fingerprints of the Gods, Underworld), David Hatcher Childress (Lost Cities and Civilizations series), Colin Wilson (From Atlantis to the Sphinx), Michael Cremo (Forbidden Archeology), William Corliss (Ancient Infrastructures), Robert Schoch (Voyages of the Pyramid Builders), John Anthony West (Serpent in the Sky), Michael Arbuthnot (Team Atlantis), Erich von Daniken (Chariots of the Gods), and many more.


Crystal Clear Auto Glas can fix small problems before they turn into safety hazards. In TX, a cracked windshield is more than a nuisance, it's a safety issue. We do the work so you can stay near your home or work in dominion and get your glass fixed. You may qualify for special windshield repair offers from Mobile Glass. You don't have to drive around with a shattered windshield.


Not sure if fitness Solution Gym is the right choice for you? Now you can explore our facilities by way of the photo gallery below! You will find that fitness Solution Gym offers all the amenities you would expect from a large franchise, but with a friendly neighborhood feel to it. See for yourself!


This video kills me every time. One of the things I love most about kids is their honesty and willingness to pretty much say whatever is on their mind without hesitating. In this case, they're pretty much showing you their thoughts on these foods without thinking twice.
When I first saw this video on Joanna's blog, I knew that I had to re-share it because not only is this video adorable (and yes, I think that all kids are adorable), but it also brought me back to a lesson I taught last year on the five senses where I let preschoolers taste test Froot Loops, Saltine crackers, and lemons. Those puckery faces when we got to the lemons were priceless.
p.s. Want to know what kids had to say about their moms on Mother's Day? Look no further.
I saw this on Cup of Jo too. So funny!
I know, right? It was way too cute for me not to share!


Locates - Sherlock Investigations Inc.Sherlock Investigations Inc.
Skip Tracing is another art form, particularly when the person who has skipped town does not want to found. Like a background check, we know that as an insurance professional, you already have access to all of the databases that track people. What Sherlock does is to take it one, two or one hundred steps further. We get on the phone or on the streets to find out whom else knows where the skip is and what he/she is up to. We spend a great deal of time learning who to call and what to say, giving our clients the ability to save time and money when it comes time to finding the missing claimant or witness. Call today to see why more defense attorneys call Sherlock when they need someone found, fast.